cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changing Inspection and Maintenance Requirements: … A Result of New Emission Control Technology

Changes to current emission control systems and electronic computer controlled systems represent new emission control technology. This paper addresses the I/M situation as related to these system changes. Results of tests on a prototype system are presented. Parameter inspection and the utilization of built-in diagnostics on future systems have the potential to maximize the effectiveness of I/M programs.
Faith Forward Volume 3: Launching a Revolution through Ministry with Children, Youth, and Families: edited by David M. Csinos. Kelowna, Canada: Woodlake Publishing Inc., 2018. 199 pp., $19.95 (paperback), ISBN-13: 978-1773430270.

Faith Forward Volume 3 is a collection of plenary addresses at the Faith Forward conferences of 2015–2017. The contributors of this edited volume have diverse backgrounds and their expertise is in ...
McArdle disease causing rhabdomyolysis following vaginal delivery.

McArdle disease (glycogen storage disease type V) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder with an incidence of roughly 1:100,000. Despite concern that labour could predispose these patients to muscle damage, there are no evidence-based guidelines for the management of labour and delivery in this population. We describe the case of a nulliparous parturient with both McArdle disease and adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 deficiency who developed rhabdomyolysis after vaginal delivery. In the absence of common triggers, we believe that prolonged pushing efforts contributed to the increase in postpartum creatinine kinase. There are no previous cases of postpartum rhabdomyolysis after caesarean or assisted vaginal delivery within 45 min. We recommend that practitioners be alert to the possibility of rhabdomyolysis occurring with greater than 2 h of pushing efforts in parturients with McArdle disease.
Regorafenib in Combination with First-Line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Esophagogastric Cancer.

Background Angiogenesis is critical to gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis. Regorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor targeting angiogenic and stromal receptor tyrosine kinases. We evaluated whether regorafenib augments the antitumor effect of first-line chemotherapy in metastatic esophagogastric cancer. Materials and methods Patients with previously untreated metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma received 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) every 14 days and regorafenib 160 mg daily on days 4 to 10 of each 14-day cycle. The primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). To identify predictive biomarkers of outcome, we examined correlations between genomic characteristics of sequenced pretreatment tumors and PFS. Results Between August 2013 and November 2014, 36 patients with metastatic esophagogastric cancer were accrued to this single-center phase II study (NCT01913639). The most common grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia (36%), leucopenia (11%) and hypertension (8%). The 6-month PFS was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38%-71%), the objective response rate was 54% (95% CI, 37%-70%), and the disease control rate was 77% (95% CI, 67%-94%). Next-generation sequencing did not identify any genomic alterations significantly correlated with response, and there was no association between homologous recombination deficiency and PFS with platinum-based chemotherapy. Conclusion Regorafenib (one week on-one week off schedule) is well tolerated in combination with first-line FOLFOX but does not improve 6-month PFS relative to historical control. Implications for practice Prognosis for metastatic esophagogastric cancer remains poor despite modern systemic therapy regimens. This phase II trial indicates that the combination of regorafenib and FOLFOX is well tolerated but does not add to the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy in metastatic esophagogastric cancer. Notably, recently reported data suggest potential synergy between regorafenib and the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab. As this study demonstrates that regorafenib plus FOLFOX is safe, and combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy show favorable toxicity profiles, future studies combining immunotherapy with regorafenib and chemotherapy may be feasible.
Now you see me, now you don’t: appreciating culture, race, ethnicity and other dimensions of athlete and consultant whole-person identities

Implied explicitly or implicitly in every professional relationship between an athlete and a sport psychology researcher, practitioner and consultant is a belief that each participant desires to feel comfortable and trusting with the person(s) with whom they are about to develop a working relationship (McGannon & Johnson, 2009; Schinke, McGannon, Parham & Lane, 2012). Developing relational comfort and trust and thus increased interpersonal symmetry results partly from shared agreements between participating parties regarding short and longer range goals, identified strategies for achieving hoped-for outcomes and mutual satisfaction with recorded progress. Successful development of professional relationships fuels forward movement and willingness to navigate inevitable challenges. In a very real sense the actual topics, concerns and issues that prompted the needs for professional consultation (e.g., performance enhancement, personal counseling) and that subsequently serve as the foci of attention and intervention are secondary to the personal and relational variables that take center stage and serve as the hub around which all relationship transactions spin.
Huntington's Disease Pathogenesis Is Modified In Vivo by Alfy/Wdfy3 and Selective Macroautophagy.

Despite being an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a known coding mutation in the gene HTT, Huntington's disease (HD) patients with similar trinucleotide repeat mutations can have an age of onset that varies by decades. One likely contributing factor is the genetic heterogeneity of patients that might modify their vulnerability to disease. We report that although the heterozygous depletion of the autophagy adaptor protein Alfy/Wdfy3 has no consequence in control mice, it significantly accelerates age of onset and progression of HD pathogenesis. Alfy is required in the adult brain for the autophagy-dependent clearance of proteinaceous deposits, and its depletion in mice and neurons derived from patient fibroblasts accelerates the aberrant accumulation of this pathological hallmark shared across adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases. These findings indicate that selectively compromising the ability to eliminate aggregated proteins is a pathogenic driver, and the selective elimination of aggregates may confer disease resistance.
Exploring constructivism in Japan through textual analysis

This study utilized textual analysis to investigate 27 articles published by Japanese scholars from various disciplines regarding constructivist approaches. The results found that many of the colle...
Qualitative Analyses of Movements Between Task-level and Code-level Thinking of Novice Programmers

Cognitive theories of how programmers produce code suggest that novices' approaches are primarily driven by the retrieval of previously-learned plans. These plans can be high-level, focusing on task decomposition and composition, or low-level, focusing on code implementations. These theories, however, do not describe how novices move between high-level tasks and low-level code, especially when faced with novel problems. Understanding these transitions can help concretely tease out why and where novices struggle and how they use their knowledge of plans and design techniques when they get stuck. We studied this by conducting think-alouds with CS1 students at two universities as they solved multi-task programming problems with unfamiliar components. Our analysis paid particular attention to a series of design techniques that the students had been explicitly taught in their respective courses. We identified patterns of high- and low-level thinking that relate to students' success on the problems, and propose a concrete framework of high- and low-level work that summarizes the transitions that we observed.
Social–Behavioral Stories in the Kindergarten Classroom: An App-Based Counseling Intervention for Increasing Social Skills:

This preliminary research examined the effectiveness of an app-based classroom counseling intervention on student social skill development. Two kindergarten classrooms in a high-poverty school were...
EdCode: Towards Personalized Support at Scale for Remote Assistance in CS Education

Programming support methods, like discussion fo-rums and office hours, are important in CS education, but difficult to scale. In this paper, we introduce EdCode, a system that allows students to seek remote instructional support within their IDE in a way that resembles in-person support. It also allows instructors to provide contextualized responses by referencing students’ code, and curate and publish their answers for an entire class by selecting only the relevant part of the code referenced, thereby helping to avoid plagiarism. We evaluated EdCode with a series of usability studies and identified benefits and challenges for its use in programming courses. Students found that the perceived quality of support from EdCode was comparable to that of support from in-person office hours, and both students and instructors found publishing and viewing other students’ answers helpful.
Arts integration: a survey of attendance at school and community arts events in Florida

This paper presents a background of the rates at which educators, teaching artists, college students, retirees, parents, and the public attend arts programs in their schools and communities. The re...
Transcatheter Implantation of SAPIEN S3 Valve in a Large Flexible Tricuspid Annuloplasty Ring

Transcatheter valve in ring implantation has emerged as a viable alternative to redo surgery in patients with degenerated annuloplasty rings. 1 However, the safety of the procedure depends on the t...
Abstract 2248: Paclitaxel-induced micronucleation activates pro-inflammatory cGAS/STING signaling in triple negative breast cancer

Introduction: Paclitaxel (TaxolTM) is a blockbuster chemotherapy used for solid tumors including breast cancer. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), nab-paclitaxel plus PD-L1 inhibitor, atezolizumab, is now approved based on increased survival compared with nab-paclitaxel alone. We hypothesize that there may be an interaction by which taxane therapy is immunogenic. Paclitaxel induces aberrant cell division on multipolar spindles, which often results in formation of multiple small nuclei. Some of these resemble micronuclei. Here, we test the hypothesis that taxane-induced micronuclei activate cGAS-STING to increase immunogenicity in TNBC. Methods: We evaluate the impact of clinically relevant doses of paclitaxel on TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-468, BT-549 and HCC-1806 on generating micronuclei by immunofluorescence microscopy. Using immunoblotting and qPCR, we evaluate the impact of paclitaxel on cGAS recruitment and activation, STING activation, and interferon-beta production. Furthermore, we co-culture MDA-MB-231 and THP-1 cells to evaluate the impact of paclitaxel on polarization of THP-1 macrophages. We employ CRISPR-mediated cGAS knockout to evaluate its role in mediating these effects. Finally, we test the effect of neoadjuvant paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 qw, 16 treatments/4 cycles) in 4 patients for formation of micronuclei and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes 20 hours after the third treatment of paclitaxel by HE 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2248.
High Harmonic Generation from Thin-Film LiNbO 3

High-order harmonic spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying structural symmetries in solids. Here, we study the orientation dependence and polarization of high-order harmonics generated from LiNbO 3 thin films driven by femtosecond mid-infrared laser pulses.
Who Celebrates Kwanzaa? The Struggle for Critical Reflection and Transformative Learning

This chapter examines the efforts four prospective teachers made to engage in reflective practice: Judy, Karla, Doug, and Ella. Each one represents a different approach to critical reflection as seen in their ePortfolios. Triangulating their written reflections with classroom observations and interviews also reveals different actions when it comes to transformation of their teaching and their students’ learning. The cases examined in this chapter show that prospective teachers often struggle to engage in critical reflection and transformative learning and may not experience success in all of those struggles.
Predictive Effect of Frailty on Amputation, Mortality, and Ambulation in Patients Undergoing Revascularization for Acute Limb Ischemia.

Background Frailty is a common, age-associated syndrome that has been used to predict postoperative outcomes in vascular surgery. This study examines if standard measures of frailty correlate with postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing revascularization for acute limb ischemia (ALI). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on all adult patients undergoing revascularization for ALI at an academic medical center between January 2016 and June 2019. Frailty was calculated with the 11-factor modified frailty index (mFI-11), derived from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Frailty Index. Outcomes examined included in-hospital mortality, major amputation, site of discharge, and ambulatory status at follow-up. Results Fifty-three ambulatory patients presented with ALI during the study time period, with 13.2% deemed not frail (mFI-11 Conclusions Frailty is exceedingly common in patients with ALI. Although frailty predicts discharge site and nonambulation at follow-up, it is not associated with amputation or death. Therefore, frail patients should not be denied open or endovascular revascularization for ALI.
Exogenous phosphatidic acid reduces acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice by activating the interleukin-6-Hsp70 axis through inter-organ crosstalk

Abstract We previously demonstrated that endogenous phosphatidic acid (PA) promotes liver regeneration after acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity in mice. Based on that, we hypothesized that exogenous PA is also beneficial. To test that, we treated mice with a toxic APAP dose at 0 h, followed by PA or vehicle at multiple timepoints. We then collected blood and liver at 6, 24, and 52 h. Post-treatment with PA protected against liver injury at 6 h, and the combination of PA and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) further reduced injury compared to NAC alone. Interestingly, PA had no effect on major early mechanisms of APAP toxicity, including APAP bioactivation, oxidative stress, JNK activation, and mitochondrial damage. However, transcriptomics revealed that PA activated interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling in the liver, and IL-6 was increased in serum from PA-treated mice. Furthermore, PA did not protect against APAP in IL-6-deficient mice. Additional experiments revealed that PA induced heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the liver in WT mice but not in IL-6 KO mice. Furthermore, IL-6 expression increased 18-fold in adipose tissue after PA, indicating that adipose tissue is a likely source of the increased IL-6 due to PA treatment. Surprisingly, however, exogenous PA did not alter regeneration, despite the widely accepted role of IL-6 in liver repair. These data reinforce the protective role of IL-6 and Hsp70 in APAP hepatotoxicity, provide new insight into the role of IL-6 in liver regeneration, and indicate that exogenous PA or PA derivatives may one day be a useful adjunct treatment for APAP overdose with NAC.
Forearm, Wrist and Hand Injuries in Football

Injuries resulting from athlete participation in football are common, with an estimated 600,000–1.2 million injuries occurring each year. Studies have shown approximately 30% of these injuries involve the upper extremity. These injuries range from contusions and minor sprains to high-energy fractures requiring complex surgical treatment with the risk of life-altering complications. Even significant injuries can be subtle, and an attentive evaluation of each injury is important.
Verification and convergence study of a spectral-element numerical methodology for fluid-structure interaction

Abstract A high-order in space spectral-element methodology for the solution of a strongly coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem is developed. A methodology is based on a partitioned solution of incompressible fluid equations on body-fitted grids, and nonlinearly-elastic solid deformation equations coupled via a fixed-point iteration approach with Aitken relaxation. A comprehensive verification strategy of the developed methodology is presented, including h-, p- and temporal refinement studies. An expected order of convergence is demonstrated first separately for the corresponding fluid and solid solvers, followed by a self-convergence study on a coupled FSI problem (self-convergence refers to a convergence to a reference solution obtained with the same solver at higher resolution). To this end, a new three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction benchmark is proposed for a verification of the FSI codes, which consists of a fluid flow in a channel with one rigid and one flexible wall. It is shown that, due to a consistent problem formulation, including initial and boundary conditions, a high-order spatial convergence on a fully coupled FSI problem can be demonstrated. Finally, a developed framework is applied successfully to a Direct Numerical Simulation of a turbulent flow in a channel interacting with a compliant wall, where the fluid-structure interface is fully resolved.
Severe Financial Crises and Fundamental Reforms: The Benefits of Risk-Sharing

We present a brief and general discussion of risk, followed by a summary of the essential characteristics of Islamic finance and the structure of Islamic banking. We then turn to the stability features of Islamic finance, followed by summary of the Mian–Sufi contribution for comparative and contextual purposes. We end with issues surrounding the implementation of risk-sharing finance and where in the world it might be first introduced and tested.
Longing and Belonging: The West as Territory of Nationness in Albania Cosmologies

On Tuesday, Fools' Day 1997, The New York Times reported that Italy was seeking the eighty­ three people missing from the Albanian refugee boat that sunk just before reaching the Italian shore, after colliding with a craft of the Italian coast patrol. This news hit the international press not so much because of the number of those who died, but because of the political saturation ofthe incident. Indeed, the New York Times' headline blazons Italy's benevolent engagement, the search for the missing. That those missing were trying to escape Albania is not given much explicit importance. The boat was deliberately hit by the Italian navy, maintained the Albanian government, doomed to fall within the next few weeks as it was. It accused Italy of massacring, in effect, the unfortunates on board, a pregnant woman among them, who were fleeing the social implosion in Albania, that had by that time become a full­ fledged armed conflict. Italy meant to presage, the accusation went on, that an exodus like that of 1991 would not be allowed to happen again. This massacre was intended as symbolic cautioning, the most brutal way of telling the Albanians to stay home: you might think you are caught up in ill-fate, but let us show you how ill your fate can get. The veracities or fallacies ­ on which such accusations were based fall beyond the scope of this paper. I discuss instead the larger contexts under which such accusations could be made. What was there to justify thinking that nothing short of mass murder was needed to forewarn Albanians to stay in Albania? Is Albania no longer the place where Albanians naturally want to stay, where they naturally belong?
Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in fresh and dry fruits and vegetables grown in Chile

The study evaluated the impact of dehydration on the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) of fruits and vegetables (F&V). Fresh small fruits (berries) had the highest TPC, ant...
SBA-catalyzed synthesis of ethers from alcohols

A highly defective SBA with proton concentration of 1.35 meq/g has been synthesized, and this material exhibited approximately a 2-fold increase in activity over highly ordered SBA-15 for coupling methanol/isobutanol (MeOH/i-BuOH) to form methylisobutylether (MIBE). In addition, this material is active in dehydrocondensation of isopropanol (i-PrOH) to form diisopropylether (DIPE), dehydration of i-PrOH to propene (PE), and coupling of i-PrOH with MeOH to form methylisopropylether (MIPE). A strong reaction pressure dependence on the product selectivities was observed. The effective activation barriers have been determined, and DFT calculations located all of the transition states (TS) involved. The theory includes the determination of imaginary vibrational frequencies associated with the passage of the reacting groups through the TS and assessment of kinetic isotope effects (KIE) due to labeling of critical parts of the molecule or catalyst by deuterium. The predicted KIE provides further evidence for a dual site TS in both ether-forming and dehydration reactions.
Structural analysis of the acfA and acfD genes of Vibrio cholerae: effects of DNA topology and transcriptional activators on expression.

Abstract The Vibrio cholerae acfA, B, C, and D genes are involved in the synthesis of a colonization factor; their expression is under the control of ToxR, the cholera toxin transcriptional activator. By a combination of Southern blot analysis, cloning, and nucleotide sequence analysis, we determined that the acf genes are clustered on a 5-kb region, the acfA and acfD genes are transcribed divergently, and the translation start sites of the two genes are separated by only 173 bp. Expression from the acfA and acfD promoters in V. cholerae was studied by using acfA:phoA translational and acfD-lacZ transcriptional fusions; when carried by the chromosome, the acfA-acfD intergenic region flanked by the two reporter genes was found to contain the cis-acting element(s) necessary for the environmental regulation of the two promoters. However, this regulation was almost completely abolished when the same construction was carried by a low-copy-number plasmid. These results suggested that differences in DNA topology between the plasmid versus the chromosomal constructs might influence the expression of the acfA and acfD promoters. Support for this conclusion was obtained by showing that ToxR-dependent but not basal expression of both promoters was strongly inhibited by nalidixic acid and novobiocin, two DNA gyrase inhibitors, suggesting that the activation of these promoters is affected by changes in DNA supercoiling. Expression of the acfA and acfD promoters was also investigated in the heterologous host Escherichia coli harboring plasmids expressing either ToxR or ToxT, two transcriptional activators of the V. cholerae virulence genes. ToxR activated the acfD promoter 2.5-fold but inhibited the acfA promoter 2-fold. In contrast, the expression of the acfA promoter was activated 10-fold and that of the acfD promoter was activated 3-fold by ToxT, supporting the previously proposed cascade model for organization of the ToxR regulon.
Kosterlitz-Thouless-Like Behavior Over Extended Ranges of Temperature and Layer Thickness in Crystalline YBa2Cu3O7-x/PrBa2Cu3O7-x Superlattices

High-temperature superconductivity is associated with layered, quasi-two-dimensional (2D) crystal structures and with carriers moving in CuO2 planes. Because the c-axis superconducting coherence length is very short (e.g., ξc ~ 3–6 A, vs. a lattice constant c ~ 11.7 A in YBa2Cu3O7-x), questions arise whether isolated single-cell-thick layers of these materials are superconducting and, if so, how their superconductivity is affected, first, by their extreme anisotropy (including possible reduced dimensionality) and, second, by residual interlayer coupling or other interactions. We1,2 and several other groups3–5 recently fabricated epitaxial M×N “123”-family superlattices in which c-axis perpendicular (c⊥) YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) layers M unit cells in thickness are separated by N unit-cell-thick layers of semiconducting PrBa2Cu3O7-x (PBCO). The superlattice Tco(R = 0) was found to decrease rapidly with increasing PBCO layer thickness, but then to saturate at Tco ~ 19 K, 54 K, 71 K, or 80 K, for structures containing 1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-cell-thick YBCO layers, respectively.1,2 In contrast, recent measurements for Bi2Sr2(Ca1-xYx)1Cu2O8-based superlattices, in which superconducting (x=0.15) and semiconducting (x=0.5) layers also alternate, show almost no change in Tc(mid) ~65 K with decreasing superlattice period.6 These results imply that high-Tc is an intrinsic property of CuO2 bilayers, but that 3-dimensional interactions are present, at least for the “123”-family materials.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRIBUSINESS

EU is trying to create comparative advantage, economical and social benefits, security and safety, sustainability in agriculture in the members’ countries. The aims of EU for agricultural and livestock production are directly related with applying prince of Agribusiness Management, Marketing, and Finance to agriculture related sectors. The object of this study can be explained as clarifying the environment of Agribusiness, applying principle of Strategic Management to Agribusiness. New Method for Strategic Management was used as method of the study. The materials were collected from literature and some official report which published by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, State Planning Organization, State Statistical Institution in Turkey. As outputs of the study, environmental pollution, foreigner investment, collaboration rise, dependency on foreigner production, and waste of resources were estimated for the future of agribusiness in Turkey. To minimize negative effects of globalization in agribusiness, creating 4 E rules (Environment, Economy, Education, and Ethic) were suggested for agribusiness.
Aerosol and gas re‐distribution by shallow cumulus clouds: An investigation using airborne measurements

[1] Aircraft measurements during the 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) are used to examine the influence of shallow cumulus clouds on vertical profiles of aerosol chemical composition, size distributions, and secondary aerosol precursor gases. The data show signatures of convective transport of particles, gases and moisture from near the surface to higher altitudes, and of aqueous-phase production of aerosol mass (sulfate and organics) in cloud droplets and aerosol water. In cloudy conditions, the average aerosol volume concentration at an altitude of 2850 m, above typical cloud top levels, was found to be 34% of that at 450 m; for clear conditions, the same ratio was 13%. Both organic and sulfate mass fractions were on average constant with altitude (around 50%); however, the ratio of oxalate to organic mass increased with altitude (from 1% at 450 m to almost 9% at 3450 m), indicative of the influence of in-cloud production on the vertical abundance and characteristics of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass. A new metric termed “residual cloud fraction” is introduced as a way of quantifying the “cloud processing history” of an air parcel. Results of a parcel model simulating aqueous phase production of sulfate and organics reproduce observed trends and point at a potentially important role of SOA production, especially oligomers, in deliquesced aerosols. The observations emphasize the importance of shallow cumulus clouds in altering the vertical distribution of aerosol properties that influence both their direct and indirect effect on climate.
Immediate recovery from spinal cord injury through molecular repair of nerve membranes with polyethylene glycol

A brief application of the hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) swiftly repairs nerve membrane damage associated with severe spinal cord injury in adult guinea pigs. A 2 min application of PEG to a standardized compression injury to the cord immediately reversed the loss of nerve impulse conduction through the injury in all treated animals while nerve impulse conduction remained absent in all sham-treated guinea pigs. Physiological recovery was associated with a significant recovery of a quantifiable spinal cord dependent behavior in only PEG-treated animals. The application of PEG could be delayed for ∼8 h without adversely affecting physiological and behavioral recovery which continued to improve for up to 1 month after PEG treatment.—Borgens, R. B., Shi, R. Immediate recovery from spinal cord injury through molecular repair of nerve membranes with polyethylene glycol.
Finding a small root of a univariate modular equation

We show how to solve a polynomial equation (mod N) of degree k in a single variable x, as long as there is a solution smaller than N1/k. We give two applications to RSA encryption with exponent 3. First, knowledge of all the ciphertext and 2/3 of the plaintext bits for a single message reveals that message. Second, if messages are padded with truly random padding and then encrypted with an exponent 3, then two encryptions of the same message (with different padding) will reveal the message, as long as the padding is less than 1/9 of the length of N. With several encryptions, another technique can (heuristically) tolerate padding up to about 1/6 of the length of N.
Development and utilization of undersea vehicles and observatories for coastal marine research

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Undersea Research Program (NURP) places scientists underwater directly or remotely to research problems relating to regional, national and global issues covering both marine and aquatic environments. The development of relatively portable remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), autonomous undersea vehicles (AUVs), and ocean observatories with specialized sampling gear and instrumentation has provided investigators with the capabilities to sample, sense, and image the coastal ocean environment not possible using conventional surface-based technologies and techniques. This capability to directly observe and manipulate sampling devices in real time has allowed more complex and realistic experimentation in marine sciences. Described are several applications of undersea vehicles and observatories to solve critical problems and to provide predictive capability to resource managers for informed decision-making.
SIX QUESTIONS ON (OR ABOUT) HOLOCAUST DENIAL

Six questions are outlined and then responded to about Holocaust denial. These consider (1) Holocaust denial's view of the Holocaust counterfactually—if it had occurred; (2) the presumed adequacy of the binary choice between Holocaust denial and affirmation; (3) the status and credence of their own assertions among denial advocates; (4) the often implied historiographic uniqueness of Holocaust denial; (5) the contributions to Holocaust history of the denial position; (6) the measures—scholarly, legislative, practical—that have been or might be directed at the phenomenon of Holocaust denial.
Stimulated Raman scattering experiments in solid N2 and H2 using nitrogen pumped dye lasers

Abstract We have observed stimulated Raman and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering from β-N2 at 60 K and α-N2 and hcp H2 at 2 K. The Raman conversions are sufficiently large that the resulting coherent beams are useful for laser experiments. For α-N2 we observed stimulated Raman onto a lattice mode at 32 cm−1. Time resolved probe scattering and Fabry-Perot spectral analysis of the Raman signal indicate that the free induction decay in the ν = 0, ν = 1 two level system of α-N2 is in the range of tens of ns. For hcp H2 this decay is probably less than 1 ns. These experiments were carried out with simple nitrogen-pumped dye lasers at high repetition rates.
Effect of wind variation on wind turbine generator dynamics in power system planning stability studies

To study the effect of wind variation on wind turbine generator (WTG) dynamics, numerical experiments are performed for four WTG devices based on a doubly-fed induction generator. Simulations use the PSS/E dynamic program, real power system planning databases and vendor-specific WTG stability models. Experiments for normal operation and fault conditions have shown that wind variation can cause WTGs to go into low-frequency oscillations (in particular, with frequency below the first natural frequency of the mechanical drive train) and/or to trip. If study findings are confirmed by analyses with more detailed, EMTP-type WTG models and by real equipment tests, wind variation may need to be accounted for in power system planning stability studies.
Both hPTH(1-34) and bFGF increase trabecular bone mass in osteopenic rats but they have different effects on trabecular bone architecture.

Osteoporosis is a syndrome of excessive skeletal fragility that results from both the loss of trabecular bone mass and trabecular bone connectivity. Recently, bFGF has been found to increase trabecular bone mass in osteoporotic rats. The purpose of this study was to compare how trabecular bone architecture, bone cell activity, and strength are altered by two different bone anabolic agents, bFGF and hPTH(1–34), in an osteopenic rat model. Materials and Methods: Six-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 74) were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (sham) and maintained untreated for 2 months. Then OVX rats were subcutaneously injected with basic fibroblast factor (bFGF; 1 mg/kg, 5 days/week), human parathyroid hormone [hPTH(1–34); 40 μg/kg, 5 days/week], or vehicle for 60 days (days 60–120 ). Sham-operated and one group of OVX animals were injected with vehicle. Biochemical markers of bone turnover (urinary deoxypyridinoline cross-links; Quidel Corp., San Diego, CA, USA) and serum osteocalcin (Biomedical Technologies, Stroughton, MA, USA) were obtained at study days 0, 60, 90, and 120 and analyzed by ELISA. At death, the right proximal tibial metaphysis was removed, and microcomputed tomography was performed for trabecular bone structure and processed for histomorphometry to assess bone cell activity. The left proximal tibia was used for nanoindentation/mechanical testing of individual trabeculae. The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and post hoc testing as needed. Results: Ovariectomy at day 60 resulted in about a 50% loss of trabecular bone volume compared with sham-treated animals. By day 120 post-OVX, OVX + vehicle treated animals had decreased trabecular bone volume, connectivity, number, and high bone turnover compared with sham-operated animals [p < 0.05 from sham-, hPTH(1–34)-, and bFGF-treated groups]. Treatment of OVX animals with bFGF and hPTH(1–34) both increased trabecular bone mass, but hPTH(1–34) increased trabecular thickness and bFGF increased trabecular number and connectivity. Histomorphometry revealed increased mineralizing surface and bone formation rate in both bFGF and hPTH(1–34) animals. However, osteoid volume was greater in bFGF-treated animals compared with both the hPTH(1–34) and OVX + vehicle animals (p < 0.05). Nanoindentation by atomic force microscope was performed on approximately 20 individual trabeculae per animal (three animals per group) and demonstrated that elastic modulus and hardness of the trabeculae in bFGF-treated animals were similar to that of the hPTH-treated and sham + vehicle-treated animals. Conclusion: Both hPTH(1–34) and bFGF are anabolic agents in the osteopenic female rat. However, hPTH(1–34) increases trabecular bone volume primarily by thickening existing trabeculae, whereas bFGF adds trabecular bone mass through increasing trabecular number and trabecular connectivity. These results suggest the possibility of sequential treatment paradigms for severe osteoporosis.
A new aeolian sand trap design

A vertical rod sand trap has been constructed to acquire a volumetric measure of wind-blown sand. The design is simple, construction cost is minimal, and collection efficiency is quite high. This device can be used effectively for short-term monitoring of aeolian transport.
Scanning-Ion Microscopy with Polarization Analysis (Simpa)

We have developed a novel, high-resolution magnetic imaging technique, scanning-ion microscopy with polarization analysis (SIMPA). In SIMPA, a highly-focused, scanning Ga+ ion beam is used to excite spin-polarized electrons at surfaces of ferromagnetic materials. By measuring the intensity and the spin polarization of the emitted electrons using a newly developed, compact Mott Polarimeter, topographic and magnetic images of magnetic structures are obtained. We report on first SIMPA studies on single-crystalline Fe samples.
The Design of the Data Acquisition System for a Very Large Bismuth Germanate Calorimeter

LEPC, the Large Electron Positron Collider being built at CERN, will be ready for experiments in 1988. A large array of bismuth germanate crystals will be part of one of the first experiments to be installed. Particles (including photons) resulting from the collisions will be identified and measured in the surrounding detector. At the center of this composite detector is a tracking device to observe the trajectories of all particles. Beyond this is the bismuth germanate array; it will measure the energy of electrons and photons from a few MeV to 100 GeV. This is surrounded by the hadron calorimeter. The bismuth germanate calorimeter will consist of about 12,000 individual bismuth germanate crystals. Each crystal will have an independent readout system. This system uses silicon photodiodes, each with its own ADC, to measure the scintillation light from each crystal. The ADC is implemented in software in a single chip microcomputer, using a modification of successive approximation, which produces a very wide dynamic range. The microcomputer also provides data buffering and several other housekeeping functions. The initial design of the readout system, presented in this paper, evolved from an attempt to minimize the size requirements and the number of cables needed,more » and to meet the dynamic range requirement in a practical way.« less
Management pitfalls of fractured neck of femur in osteogenesis imperfecta

Abstract Introduction Fractured neck of femur in osteogenesis imperfecta is rarely reported. Its management is always difficult because of bone fragility and the outcome is not well known. We, therefore, aimed to study the management pitfalls in this group of patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed five cases of fractured neck of femur in four patients treated in our hospital between 2006 and 2009. The demographic data, mode of injury, fracture configuration, treatment, complications, clinical and radiological outcome were reviewed. Results According to the Sillence classification, one patient was type I, two were type III and one was type IV. There were two children (aged 8 and 15 years) and two adults (aged 21 and 22 years), with the 8 year-old girl suffering from hip fracture on different sides in two accidents. All five hip fractures were the result of low-energy injury and were associated with other fractures. Two undisplaced fractures required intra-operative fluoroscopic confirmation to demon...
Alternatives evaluation and selection in development and environmental remediation projects

Abstract Evaluation of alternatives and selection of a preferred action is the central component of decision making in conjunction with development and environmental remediation projects under consideration in the United States. The decision making procedure is to be documented via the preparation of environmental impact statements (EISs) and Superfund Records of Decision (RODs). Decision making associated with development and environmental remediation projects can be improved via the combined use of several systematic tools or techniques, and this paper proposes a generic method which can be used for alternatives evaluation and selection. The generic method is based upon: (1) a review of 30 EISs and 5 RODs in terms of the decision making tools and/or techniques actually used; and (2) a review of 14 classical decision techniques which have been used for a variety of environmental and nonenvironmental decision needs. The decision making in the 30 EISs and 5 RODs is described in terms of the decision structuring, use of a multiphased evaluation process, decision objectives, formulation of the decision situation and alternatives, and utilized decision techniques and scaling and weighting procedures. The reviewed classical decision techniques include 5 related to the elimination of nonfeasible alternatives, 4 related to the elimination of dominated alternatives, and 5 related to the evaluation of nondominated alternatives. The generic method proposed for alternatives evaluation and selection includes 6 procedures grouped into 3 decision phases; that is, the use of conjuctive and/or compensatory screening in a preliminary screening phase to eliminate nonfeasible alternatives, the use of the weighted Reasonable Social Welfare Function and/or selected fuzzy outranking techniques to eliminate inferior alternatives, and the use of a weighting summation model or compromise programming to select either the optimum alternative or the balanced alternative. The generic method has been computerized and is IBM PC compatible; it has been validated on several case studies. The computer program provides a generic system to assist in the flexible evaluation and identification of the most preferred course of action. The usefulness of this system resides in its flexibility of application at various steps of project development: the scoping and identification of alternatives, and the screening and evaluation and selection phases.
International validation of a neurobehavioral screening battery: the IPCS/WHO collaborative study

A neurobehavioral screening battery consisting of a functional observational battery (FOB) and an automated measure of motor activity is the subject of an international collaborative study. Eight laboratories (four in Europe, four in the U.S.) are participating in this study, which is sponsored by the International Programme on Chemical Safety within the World Health Organization. Representatives from each laboratory received training on testing procedures and the study protocol during a 2-day workshop. Each laboratory then conducted studies using positive control chemicals to demonstrate their proficiency with the techniques. For motor activity studies, each laboratory had to show acute increases and decreases in activity produced by triadimefon and chlorpromazine, respectively. Using the FOB, each laboratory had to detect certain neurological syndromes: tremorigenic activity of a single dose of p,p'-DDT, cholinergic signs with parathion, and neuromuscular deficits with short-term (1-2 weeks) repeated administration of acrylamide. In the formal studies, the effects of seven chemicals are currently being determined following both acute and 4-week exposures. The chemicals include triethyl tin, acrylamide, parathion, p,p'-DDT, toluene, lead acetate, and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide. All chemicals were provided to the laboratories from a single supplier. Each laboratory is conducting the studies under their standard conditions, using their own strain of rat and testing equipment. Each laboratory also determines a maximum-tolerated dose for each compound as well as the time of peak effect following acute exposure. A simple algorithm is then used to select doses for the formal acute and repeated-exposure experiments. These studies will provide information regarding the reliability and robustness of neurobehavioral screening methods over a wide range of laboratory conditions.
Estimation of the accuracy of approximate wave functions

Abstract Criteria are derived for the accuracy of a trial wave function. The measure of deviation, or error, is chosen as the modulus of the projection of the trial function in the subspace orthogonal to the true, unknown eigenfunction. This error may be estimated when the eigenvalues are known. The pertinent theorem of Eckart for the ground state trial function is rederived under more general conditions than heretofore, and an improved estimate is proposed to replace that of Shull and Lowdin for excited state trial functions.
Leadership and change in schools: personal reflections over the last 30 years

The two fields of leadership studies and school change have increasingly converged over the last 30 years. This paper reviews the origins of the intersection, and the development of research themes in three areas: The role of leaders in shaping and using organizational culture, the agency of teachers in the change process, and the importance of leadership in knowledge use. The conclusion suggests some arenas for further research, and areas of policy application.
Calibration of a resistance thermometer down to 0·4 K using a specimen of known heat capacity☆

Abstract A germanium resistance thermometer has been calibrated down to 0·4 K by extrapolating the thermal properties of a simple metal rather than extrapolating magnetic properties of a paramagnetic salt. The calibration has been checked by measuring the specific heat of a 1965 Calorimetric Conference Standard Copper sample and a high purity silver sample.
An inequality interpretation of the degree of dependence among inputs, outputs, and consumer goods

Abstract The preference independence transformation can be used to assess the degree of preference dependence among observed consumer goods. This degree is determined by the excess of the inequality of the own-price elasticities of the transformed goods over the inequality of the own-price elasticities of the observed goods. A similar results holds for the degree of input dependence of a firm and also for the degree of output dependence of a multiproduct firm.
Left lobe of the liver mimicking perisplenic collections

Three patients were scanned in whom the sonographic diagnoses of perisplenic fluid collections were made. Computed tomography scanning demonstrated that the appearances were not caused by perisplenic pathology but by lateral extent of normal left lobe of the liver. Methods to avoid this potential sonographic pitfall are suggested.
Fluorogenic phospholipids as head group-selective reporters of phospholipase A activity.

PLA (phospholipases A) are important mediators of cell signaling, generating bioactive fatty acids and LPLs (lysophospholipids). PLA products having different head groups can initiate vastly different types of signaling. Fluorogenic analogues of the PLs (phospholipids) PA (phosphatidic acid), PC (phosphatidylcholine), PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), and PG (phosphatidylglycerol) were synthesized as PLA substrates for rapidly determining in real time the influence of head group modifications on cell signaling both in vitro and in cells. Enzyme-assisted remodeling of the sn-2 position of the diacylglyceryl moiety with cobra venom PLA2 and transphosphatidylation with a particular PLD (phospholipase D) were central steps in the preparation of these enzymatic probes. The resulting fluorogenic Dabcyl- and BODIPY-containing PL analogues, DBPA, DBPC, DBPE, and DBPG, were used in mixed micelle assays to determine PLA2 kinetics. Next, the assays were used to determine the Xi(50) value of a common PLA2 inhibitor. Fin...