cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thalidomide/Estramustine/Paclitaxel in Metastatic Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer

Abstract Background This is a phase I/II trial of thalidomide with estramustine and paclitaxel in men with androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) who underwent previous chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Men with progressive AIPC were treated with oral thalidomide (200 mg, 400 mg, or 600 mg daily), intravenous paclitaxel (100 mg/m 2 over 3 hours on days 3 and 10), and oral estramustine (140 mg 3 times daily on days 1-5 and days 8-12) every 21 days. Results Phase I: first cycle dose-limiting toxicity occurred in 0 of 3 patients at 200 mg thalidomide daily, 0 of 3 at 400 mg daily, and 1 of 3 at 600 mg daily (the designated maximum tolerated dose). Phase II: twenty-nine of 38 evaluable patients (76%; 95% confidence interval, 67%-87%) experienced a 50% decrease in prostate-specific antigen level. Five of 18 patients (28%) with measurable disease exhibited an objective response. Nine of 14 patients (64%) with disease refractory to previous taxane therapy had 50% decreases in prostate-specific antigen level. Grade 3/4 adverse events included neutropenia (9 of 39 [23%]), fatigue (9 of 39 [23%]), dyspnea (8 of 39 [21%]), and thromboembolic events (7 of 39 [18%]). Cumulative dose-limiting toxicity rates were minimal (13%) with thalidomide at 200 mg daily. Conclusion The profile of activity of thalidomide/paclitaxel/estramustine in taxane-refractory AIPC warrants further investigation.
The Politics of Memory/Errinerungspolitik and the Use and Propriety of Law in the Process of Memory Construction

The post-Second World War trial for the crime against humanity from the start assumed pedagogical proportions, with the tribunals involved conscious that their legal verdicts would represent historical pronouncement and national values. The newly defined crime has been asked to institutionalize far more than the traditional task of adjudicating the guilt or innocence of the defendant. The trials themselves are meant to define the past, create and crystallize national memory, and illuminate the foundations of the future. I suggest that, by placing a burden on law that it is not designed to bear,we risk deforming law and legal principle. We risk creating an edifice that will not be equal to the task of memory, that will trivialize the memory it seeks to establish and fortify and, worst of all, that may betray law itself by subverting it from within.
A task-based approach to assessing lead exposure among iron workers engaged in bridge rehabilitation.

The assessment of worker exposures to airborne contaminants in the dynamic environment present at most construction sites poses considerable challenges to the industrial hygienist. In this study, we applied a task-based approach to the assessment of lead exposure among structural steel iron workers engaged in a large, complex bridge rehabilitation project. We evaluated the usefulness of task-based exposure data for the development of worker protection programs. Task-specific and multitask samples were collected, and operation-specific and 8-hr time-weighted averages were calculated. The task-specific data showed significant differences in exposure levels among different tasks. Arithmetic mean exposures varied from 1,357 μg/m3 lead for torch cutting and 989 μg/m3 for scaling to 31 μg/m3 for reaming and 4 μg/m3 for drilling. Our task-specific data were compared with the task-based exposure levels presented by OSHA in its Lead Exposure in Construction-Interim Final Rule (29 CFR 1926). There was good general agreement between our results and OSHA's reported data. Task-based data were very useful in exposure assessment and much more precise than full-shift and operation-based measurements in guiding strategies for worker protection. These findings suggest that task-based data should routinely be collected in evaluating exposure to lead and perhaps other toxic substances in construction work. Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:310–318, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TAKING STOCK OF FISH STRESS: Biological Indicators of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress Edited by S. Marshall Adams

“Because biocriteria, including biomarkers and bioindicators, have become increasingly popular assessment tools, it is important to have a comprehensive document that provides guidance relative to the design, measurement, and application of various biocriteria in aquatic ecosystems. The main
Detection of secreted and intracellular annexin II by a radioimmunoassay

Abstract A simple radioimmunoassay for detection of secreted and intracellular annexin II in human cells is presented. Annexin II is a multifunctional protein in human cells and may have a role in several types of cancers. No enzymatic activity has been associated with the protein, thus making its detection difficult. Using purified annexin II from human placenta, we have developed a sensitive radioimmunoassay protocol. A linear response was observed up to a concentration of 0.5 μg purified protein in the assay. Using this radioimmunoassay protocol, annexin II can be detected in undiluted clinical human samples such as bronchoalveolar lavages and various tissue extracts. We demonstrate the applicability of this technique to measure intracellular annexin II in extracts of a human adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa) and secreted annexin II from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a human patient. Using HeLa cell extracts and BAL, we observed a linear response with up to 10 μg total protein in the assay. We further demonstrate the applicability of this technique to measure differences in intracellular and secreted annexin II in the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines CD-11, CD-18 and Capan-2. While CD-11 and CD-18 do not secrete annexin II, the cell line Capan-2 secretes high-levels of the protein.
500 Consecutive patients with free TRAM flap breast reconstruction: a single surgeon's experience.

Background This study reports on the longitudinal experience and outcomes of one surgeon performing free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flaps on 500 consecutive patients between 1992 and 2003. Methods A retrospective review of hospital and outpatient records was performed. Specific risk factors for successful reconstruction were reviewed, including American Society of Anesthesiologists class, obesity, smoking, medical comorbidities, and irradiation and chemotherapy history. Outcomes measured included the length of hospital stay and the incidence of complications including both thrombotic and nonthrombotic complications. Results Five hundred sixty-nine free TRAM breast reconstructions were performed in a total of 500 patients. Preoperative patient risk factors included obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiac disease, with three-fourths of the patients being American Society of Anesthesiologists class II or III. Intraoperative or postoperative thrombosis occurred in 35 reconstructions (6.2 percent). Only one patient had a total flap loss, for a flap success rate of 99.7 percent. Significant nonthrombotic complications occurred in 67 patients (13.4 percent). The most common nonthrombotic complications included wound infection (3 percent), fat necrosis (3 percent), and delayed healing (3 percent). Revision procedures after free TRAM reconstruction were performed in 14.4 percent of cases. Conclusions The free TRAM flap is a highly reliable method of autogenous breast reconstruction in a broad spectrum of patients. This free flap has a very low thrombotic complication rate, and abdominal donor defect problems have been limited. Finally, this method of reconstruction can be reliably offered to a wide group of patients, including those considered at high risk for a pedicled TRAM flap reconstruction.
A technique for computation of a class of convolutional inverses

This paper introduces a computational technique for finding the involutional inverses (of distributions in the sense of Schwartz, or of operators of Mikusinski) based on an addition formula for elementary solutions of convolution operators: E = (E1 ∗ E2) ∗ (E1 + E2)∗−1, where E1, E2, E satisfy the respective equations: L1E1 = δ, L2E2 = δ, (L1 + L2) E = δ, and L1, L2 are operators which are convolutions.
β‐chemokines inhibit activation‐induced death of lymphocytes from HIV‐infected individuals

The present study investigates the role of the HIV-suppressive beta-chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1 and RANTES in activation-induced cell death (AICD). A pool of these beta-chemokines reduced anti-CD3-induced apoptosis of T cell blasts from healthy blood donors in a dose-dependent manner. Although the pooled beta-chemokines were more effective, the inhibitory effect could also be mediated by each of the individual chemokines and was blocked by neutralizing anti-chemokine antibodies. The beta-chemokines also inhibited pokeweed mitogen/staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced T lymphocyte apoptosis in 33/49 HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals. This anti-apoptotic effect was not correlated with the patients' CD4 T cell counts. beta-chemokines did not lead to altered secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma or IL-10 in response to activation stimuli in either normal T cell blasts or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV+ individuals. Co-incubation with beta-chemokines did not inhibit anti-CD3-induced expression of cell surface Fas ligand, nor did it alter levels of the death receptor Fas or Bcl-2 in T cell blasts, suggesting that the beta-chemokines are blocking AICD downstream of Fas. These observations indicate that beta-chemokines may play a novel role as modulators of AICD, in addition to their known role as chemoattractants and inhibitors of HIV replication.
Interconnect-Based Design Methodologies for Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits

Design techniques for three-dimensional (3-D) ICs considerably lag the significant strides achieved in 3-D manufacturing technologies. Advanced design methodologies for two-dimensional circuits are not sufficient to manage the added complexity caused by the third dimension. Consequently, design methodologies that efficiently handle the added complexity and inherent heterogeneity of 3-D circuits are necessary. These 3-D design methodologies should support robust and reliable 3-D circuits while considering different forms of vertical integration, such as system-in-package and 3-D ICs with fine grain vertical interconnections. Global signaling issues, such as clock and power distribution networks, are further exacerbated in vertical integration due to the limited number of package pins, the distance of these pins from other planes within the 3-D system, and the impedance characteristics of the through silicon vias (TSVs). In addition to these dedicated networks, global signaling techniques that incorporate the diverse traits of complex 3-D systems are required. One possible approach, potentially significantly reducing the complexity of interconnect issues in 3-D circuits, is 3-D networks-on-chip (NoC). Design methodologies that exploit the diversity of 3-D structures to further enhance the performance of multiplane integrated systems are necessary. The longest interconnects within a 3-D circuit are those interconnects comprising several TSVs and traversing multiple physical planes. Consequently, minimizing the delay of the interplane nets is of great importance. By considering the nonuniform impedance characteristics of the interplane interconnects while placing the TSVs, the delay of these nets is decreased. In addition, the difference in electrical behavior between the horizontal and vertical interconnects suggests that asymmetric structures can be useful candidates for distributing the clock signal within a 3-D circuit. A 3-D test circuit fabricated with a 180 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, manufactured by MIT Lincoln Laboratories, exploring several clock distribution topologies is described. Correct operation at 1 GHz has been demonstrated. Several 3-D NoC topologies incorporating dissimilar 3-D interconnect structures are reviewed as a promising solution for communication limited systems-on-chip (SoC). Appropriate performance models are described to evaluate these topologies. Several forms of vertical integration, such as system-in-package and different candidate technologies for 3-D circuits, such as SOI, are considered. The techniques described in this paper address fundamental interconnect structures in the 3-D design process. Several interesting research problems in the design of 3-D circuits are also discussed.
Rating of Intensity of Emotions Across Auditory, Visual, and Auditory-Visual Sensory Domains

The perceived intensity for happy and sad emotions in three sensory domains-AV (auditory-visual), VO (visual-only) and AO (auditory-only)-was compared with 58 undergraduate college students using a within-subject design. Both happy and sad emotions were rated higher in intensity in the AV (auditory-visual) condition compared to the VO (visual-only) and AO (auditory-only) conditions separately. There was no significant difference observed between VO (visual-only) and AO (auditory-only) conditions for either happy or sad emotional stimuli. The implications for these findings are discussed especially with respect to the possibly decreased impact of intensity of emotions in different modes of communication like phone or email.
Splenectomy and immunoprotective treatment in RFM mouse myelogenous leukemia

Abstract We studied the effect of splenectomy, a simple regimen of immunoprotection and a combination of the two on the survival of mice transplanted with RFM myelogenous leukemia. The following experimental procedures were performed on the test mice one month prior to the i.v. transplantation of 1 × 106 myelogenous leukemia cells: (1) splenectomies or sham splenectomies; (2) splenectomies with subsequent i.p. replacement of autologous spleens; (3) s.c. implantation of heat inactivated (65°C × 30 min) normal or leukemic syngeneic spleen tissue; or (4) the combination of splenectomy and s.c. implantation of spleen tissue. We found the following; (1) splenectomized mice had a median survival which was 2.2 times longer than that of their intact counterparts and 30% of the splenectomized mice were spared from developing the leukemia; (2) all splenectomized mice which had i.p. spleen implants developed leukemia, but their median survival was slightly longer than that of intact mice; and (3) the immunoprotective regimen used did not prolong the survival of any mice. We conclude that the spleen is an important organ in fostering the growth of RFM myelogenous leukemia cells and that the simple immunoprotective regimen studied was ineffective in altering the course of the disease.
Predicting reliability in design of complex systems with common-cause failures and time-varying failure rates

One of the challenges in designing complex systems is determining the reliability benefit of redundant and back-up components. Traditional reliability theory assumes that component failures are independent, which tends to over-predict the improvement provided by redundancy. Various “Common Cause Failure” approaches have been developed to model the actual dependency between nominally independent components. However, these approaches rely on the simplifying assumption that component failure rates and common-cause event rates are constant. This assumption may not be accurate; however, a closed form solution may not otherwise be achievable. An alternative approach using discrete event simulation can evaluate the reliability of complex systems when closed form solutions aren't achievable; in particular under the condition that individual component failure rates and common cause event rates are time-dependent. This research develops an approach to modeling common cause failures that can accommodate time-varying failure rates.
Sub-THz spectroscopic characterization of vibrational modes in artificially designed DNA monocrystal

Abstract Sub-terahertz (sub-THz) vibrational spectroscopy is a new spectroscopic branch for characterizing biological macromolecules. In this work, highly resolved sub-THz resonance spectroscopy is used for characterizing engineered molecular structures, an artificially designed DNA monocrystal, built from a short DNA sequence. Using a recently developed frequency domain spectroscopic instrument operating at room temperature with high spectral and spatial resolution, we demonstrated very intense and specific spectral lines from a DNA crystal in general agreement with a computational molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of a short double stranded DNA fragment. The spectroscopic signature measured in the frequency range between 310 and 490 GHz is rich in well resolved and reproducible spectral features thus demonstrating the capability of THz resonance spectroscopy to be used for characterizing custom macromolecules and structures designed and implemented via nanotechnology for a wide variety of application domains. Analysis of MD simulation indicates that intense and narrow vibrational modes with atomic movements perpendicular (transverse) and parallel (longitudinal) to the long DNA axis coexist in dsDNA, with much higher contribution from longitudinal vibrations.
Japan's 'laughing mushrooms'

Long long ago, some woodcutters from Kyoto went into the Kitayama mountains and lost their way. Not knowing which way to go, four or five of them were lamenting their condition when they heard a group of people coming from the depths of the mountains. The woodcutters were wondering suspiciously what sort of people it might be when four or five Buddhist nuns came out dancing and singing. Seeing them, the woodcutters became fearful, thinking things like, "Dancing, singing nuns are certainly not human beings but must be goblins or demons." And when the nuns saw the men and started straight toward them, the woodcutters became very frightened and wondered, "How is it that nuns come thus out of the very depths of the mountains dancing and singing?" The nuns then said, "Our appearance dancing and singing has no doubt frightened you. But we are simply nuns who live nearby. We came to pick flowers as offerings to Buddha, but after we had all entered the hills together we lost our way and couldn't remember how to get out. Then we came upon some mushrooms, and although we wondered whether we might not be poisoned if we ate them, we were hungry and decided it was better to pick them than to starve to death. But after we had picked and roasted them we found they were quite delicious, and thinking, "Aren't these fine!" we ate them. But then as we finished the mushrooms we found we couldn't keep from dancing. Even as we were thinking, "How strange!"
An investigation of concurrent ERP and self-paced reading methodologies

Traditionally, event-related brain potential (ERP) studies of language processing have presented words at a fixed rate using rapid serial visual presentation. Recent studies suggest, however, that the processes engaged during sentence comprehension are contingent on word presentation rate. These findings underscore the importance of allowing participants to read at a natural pace. The present study employed simultaneous self-paced reading and ERP methodologies to examine behavioral and neural responses while participants read sentences containing pragmatic or morphosyntactic violations or no violations. ERP and self-paced reading results replicated previous findings. This novel combination of behavioral and ERP methodologies combines the high temporal resolution and direct neural measures offered by ERPs with the more natural reading environment and information about processing load provided by self-paced reading.
Specific adsorption of starch oligosaccharides in the gel phase of starch granules

Abstract The gel phase of native starch-granules is penetrable by such low-molecular-weight solutes as oligosaccharides, amino acids, and salts [ Lathe and Ruthven, Biochem. J., 62 (1956) 665 ]. Molecules larger than about 1000 daltons are effectively excluded. Starch oligosaccharides (maltotriose through maltoheptaose and perhaps higher) exhibit anomalous behavior in that they are taken up by the gel phase far in excess of the amount expected on the basis of their molecular size. Adsorption was measured by using radioactive starch oligosaccharides and counting weighed amounts of solution before and after equilibration with starch granules. The measurements were corrected for water sorption by the starch granules and for exclusion effects as ascertained by controls with nonstarch types of oligosaccharides. Maximum adsorption was observed with maltotetraose. The results indicate a specific binding between the starch oligosaccharides and molecular chains in the starch, presumably those chains in the gel phase. We suggest that these chains constitute interbranch regions of branched molecules, or segments of linear molecules in the gel or amorphous phase, the segments being of sufficient length to form a double helix or other association with the linear oligosaccharides.
Spinning disk random selectors

NUMEROUS APPLICATIONS require random numbers. For example, some applications are the selection of signals or input information for psychophysical experiments, simulation and testing of complex physical systems, setting of safe combinations, performance of Monte Carlo experiments, and applications where random samples are needed.
Microscopy of 4 Pathogenic Enteric Protozoan Parasites: A Review

Nonimmunological microscopy procedures for Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium species, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and microsporidia are reviewed. In addition to the unstained wet preparation and the routine trichrome stain of the “routine” parasitology, the Gram stain, various modifications of the trichrome stain, the modified carbol fuchsin acid-fast stain, and several fluorescent variations of the acid-fast stain are also covered. The now-extensive literature on the newer techniques of the heated safranin stain, the use of autofluorescence, and the use of fluorescent brighteners, such as calcofluor white and related compounds, are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the microscopist being aware of reported variations in both the staining protocols and their results. With increasing use being made of fluorescence microscopy in examination of specimens for the oocysts of cyclospora and the spores of microsporidium, an understanding of the effect of both excitation and barrier filters on the observed results of the procedures is emphasized.
Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycle Ergometer Exercise for Spinal Cord Injured Patients

The purpose of this collective review on functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycle ergometer training is to describe the pathologic effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) and the structure and function of the FES cycle ergometers, which reverse the devastating systemic and life-threatening effects of SCI. The pathophysiologic consequences of SCI include diminished cardiopulmonary and circulatory function as well as lower extremity muscle atrophy and bone mass reduction. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the two FES cycle ergometers offer promise in reversing these devastating consequences of SCI, which can shorten patients' lives. On the basis of this collective review, it is recommended that all patients with SCI have the benefits of this potentially life-sustaining clinical modality.
Inclusive production of nonstrange resonances in high-energy. nu. p charged-current interactions

We have examined the inclusive production of nonstrange particle resonances in ..nu..p interactions using the Fermilab 15-ft bubble chamber. A sample of 2437 charged-current events with visible longitudinal momentum greater than 10 GeV/c was obtained. The rho/sup 0/ and ..delta../sup + +/(1232) are seen. An overall rate of 0.21 +- 0.04 rho/sup 0/ per event is found. For five-prong events, the rate is 0.44 +- 0.08 rho/sup 0/ per event. The rho/sup 0/ Z distribution falls rapidly for Z greater than 0.4. The production of ..delta../sup + +/ is seen clearly in events with an identified proton. No evidence is seen for ..delta../sup 0/ production. An upper limit of 0.34 is placed on the ratio of eta/..pi../sup 0/ (90% confidence level).
Optical coatings for active components

A silver mirror process is described which can provide mirrors with excellent environmental durability. The stresses which can develop in dielectric protective or enhancement layers are discussed, and an estimate of the coating stress induced by an active component is obtained. It is speculated that as state-of-the-art coatings approach bulk optical properties, the mechanical properties, especially the yield strength, may also approach bulk values; if this happens, the possibility exists that coatings will craze on a typical active surface.
Differences between acylcarnitine profiles in plasma and bloodspots

Abstract Quantification of acylcarnitines is used for screening and diagnosis of inborn error of metabolism (IEM). While newborn screening is performed in dried blood spots (DBSs), general metabolic investigation is often performed in plasma. Information on the correlation between plasma and DBS acylcarnitine profiles is scarce. In this study, we directly compared acylcarnitine concentrations measured in DBS with those in the corresponding plasma sample. Additionally, we tested whether ratios of acylcarnitines in both matrices are helpful for diagnostic purpose when primary markers fail. Study design DBS and plasma were obtained from controls and patients with a known IEM. (Acyl)carnitines were converted to their corresponding butyl esters and analyzed using HPLC/MS/MS. Results Free carnitine concentrations were 36% higher in plasma compared to DBS. In contrast, in patients with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) deficiency free carnitine concentration in DBS was 4 times the concentration measured in plasma. In carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT-2) deficiency, primary diagnostic markers were abnormal in plasma but could also be normal in DBS. The calculated ratios for CPT-1 (C0/(C16 + C18)) and CPT-2 ((C16 + C18:1)/C2) revealed abnormal values in plasma. However, normal ratios were found in DBS of two (out of five) samples obtained from patients diagnosed with CPT-2. Conclusions Relying on primary acylcarnitine markers, CPT-1 deficiency can be missed when analysis is performed in plasma, whereas CPT-2 deficiency can be missed when analysis is performed in DBS. Ratios of the primary markers to other acylcarnitines restore diagnostic recognition completely for CPT-1 and CPT-2 in plasma, while CPT-2 can still be missed in DBS.
A Landsat-based evaluation of lake water clarity in Maine lakes

Temporal trends in water clarity and land-use/land-cover (LULC), as well as the relationship between changes in water clarity and LULC, were analyzed using water clarity values extracted from Landsat images from 1986 to 2008, acquired for east-central Maine. Of 40 lakes identified using satellite imagery, our analysis found one lake with a significant decrease in water clarity. In a second data-set, with 99 lakes, we identified two lakes with a significant increase in water clarity. Analyses of the relationship between temporal changes in the water clarity and LULC did not identify any clear, consistent, relationships between changes in the water quality variables and LULC. Overall, the results of this study aid in the identification of the relationship between water clarity and LULC, and identify temporal changes in water clarity. The findings of this study support the previous research that demonstrates the ability of satellite imagery to be used in assessments of water clarity, thus enabling evaluation...
The delta- and vega-related information content of near-the-money option market trading activity

Abstract This paper evaluates the information content of trading activity in near-the-money option markets. The results provide compelling evidence consistent with hypotheses of delta- and vega-informed trading activity in near-the-money option markets for firms with actively traded near-the-money options. However, considerably less evidence in support of the same hypotheses is found for firms with thinly traded near-the-money options. Hence, both the delta- and vega-related information content of near-the-money option trading activity appear to be positively related to overall near-the-money option trading activity. Lastly, near-the-money option trading activity is, in general, more vega-informative than delta-informative.
Effect of Gaussian Beam Spread on Phase Velocity Matching in cw Optical Second-Harmonic Generation

This paper reports the results of an experimental and theoretical study of the angular variation of optical second-harmonic generation in ammonium dihydrogen phosphate using a Gaussian single-transverse-mode cw gas-laser beam. The observed angular dependence of the second-harmonic output near the phase matching angle is significantly different from the ${[\frac{(sin\ensuremath{\psi})}{\ensuremath{\psi}}]}^{2}$ angular dependence predicted by plane-wave theory. The difference can be quantitatively explained by an extended analysis which takes into account the Gaussian amplitude distribution and spherical wavefront of the cw laser beam. The theory predicts small but significant corrections to the results of measurements of the nonlinear coefficients of materials. These corrections can also account, at least approximately, for the effects of small crystal defects and imperfectly Gaussian beam patterns.
A Dual-Loop EGR Engine Air-Path Oxygen Concentration Model With Time-Varying Transport Delays

Dual-loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems can provide control authorities for adjusting the engine in-cylinder gas conditions. However, the transport delay in the EGR air-path makes some simple oxygen concentration dynamic models perform poorly under the transient operating conditions. In this paper, a dual-loop EGR air-path oxygen concentration model considering the time-varying transport delays is developed and a method to calculate the delay time based on the continuity of gas velocity is presented. Simulation validations using a high-fidelity GT-Power 1-D computational engine model show that the developed model can capture the oxygen concentration dynamics during both steady-state and transient operations.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Is Youth Work Being Courted by the Appropriate Suitor

It is fair to say that youth work is being courted. The question is by whom and is it an appropriate suitor? Here I begin with a brief sociological analysis of profession in order to more closely examine the narratives upon which professional identities rest. These understandings of “professional” are examined alongside accompanying assumptions and implications for professional education. Specifically, the privileging of science and epistemic culture as the foundation for profession is questioned as the best suitor for a practice of working with young people that values meaning over truth, dialogue over evidence, and reflexivity over certainty.
Synthesis of finite-dimensional riccati-based feedback controls for problems arising in structural acoustics

Abstract This paper considers optimal control problems constrained by coupled hyperbolic and parabolic-like dynamics arising in an acoustic structure interaction. A numerical algorithm, based on the FEM, is formulated for computations of solutions to associated matrix algebraic Riccati equations. The developed LQR theory is extended to a disturbance rejection problem where the disturbance can be L 2 (0,τ;L 2 (Г 0 )) or L 2 (0,∞;L 2 (Г 0 )) . Results of a numerical simulation of the algorithm are presented.
Generating spline wavelets

In this paper, we present a method for the automatic generation of spline wavelets using the method of Cohen, Daubechies and Feauveau. Wavelets are needed with specific properties that depend on the desired application. Spline wavelets provide a smooth, regular and symmetric basis. Most of the wavelets have no closed form equation to represent them. They have to be represented as discrete values. This paper presents a brief overview of wavelets under multiresolution analysis settings. We outline a procedure to generate spline wavelets. An efficient cascade algorithm to generate spline wavelets is also presented. Finally, as an example we list coefficients of the cubic spline wavelets and plot their graphs.
Calculated rotational strengths and dissymmetry factors for rotational transitions of the chiral deuterated oxiranes, methyl- and dimethyl-oxirane, and methylthiirane

Abstract Calculations are presented of the rotational strengths and dissymmetry factors for several low-J rotational transitions of the chiral deuterated oxirane, methyl- and dimethyl-oxirane, and methylthiirane. Values for the g-tensor elements, required for the calculation of rotational circular dichroism parameters, are obtained from a new approximation method of Polavarapu for the paramagnetic magnetizability.
Mitoxantrone in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a review of toxicity in 41 patients

Aims: The primary objective of this study was to summarize the toxicity of mitoxantrone treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), with particular focus on cardiotoxicity, hematological and nonhematological toxicities. Methods: A total of 41 patients with SPMS were treated with mitoxantrone and their charts retrospectively reviewed for efficacy of treatment and frequency of toxicity. Results: Mitoxantrone toxicity was common but treatable, and was effective in achieving disease stabilization in the majority of patients. Conclusions: When monitored appropriately, mitoxantrone is safe and effective in the treatment of SPMS.
Faceting induced by ultrathin metal films: structure, electronic properties and reactivity

Abstract When faceting occurs, an initially planar surface converts to a ‘hill-and-valley’ structure, typically exposing low-Miller-index crystal faces of microscopic dimensions. The bcc W(111) and Mo(111) surfaces are morphologically unstable when covered by monolayer films of certain metals (including Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, Au), and they become ‘nanotextured’ upon annealing at T >700 K: the surface is covered by nanoscale three-sided pyramids with mainly {211} facets. In the present work, we focus on the structure, electronic properties and reactivity of planar and faceted W(111) and W(211) covered by ultrathin films of metals (mainly Pd, Rh, Pt, Au) and non-metals (S, O). The measurements include ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy, soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS) using synchrotron radiation, Auger electron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, low-energy electron microscopy, and thermal desorption spectroscopy. The metal film growth and thermal stability have been investigated for coverages of 0–8 ML. The observed formation of three-sided pyramids with both {110} and {211} facets, as induced by 1 ML of overlayer metal, is predicted also by recent first-principles calculations of surface energetics. The faceting is caused by an increased anisotropy in surface free energy that occurs for the film-covered surfaces. At coverages above 1 ML, SXPS data indicate that thin film alloys are formed upon annealing films of Pt and Pd; surface alloy formation is not seen for Au films. These findings are discussed in terms of structural and electronic properties of bimetallic systems. The relevance to catalytic properties of a structure-sensitive reaction (acetylene cyclization over Pd–W) is also discussed.
Reliable Pretreatment of Polyamide (PA) Substrates

Summary The process described herein provides a reliable method for the metal plating of polyamides with an adhesively strong and decorative coating. In addition to extending the scope of production possibilities for the aforementioned plastics, the modified pretreatment of polyamides provides additional advantages. The intentional omission of the chromic/sulphuric acid solution used in conventional processes not only produces better coating results, but also brings environmental benefits with regard to concerns about the use of Cr-VI. The production sequence has been based on the traditional process to ensure that all existing processing equipment can be easily converted to this type of PA process. The coordination of the individual chemical steps also means that there is only a very small tendency toward plating of the racks.
High-Power Photodiode Integrated With Coplanar Patch Antenna for 60-GHz Applications

A high-power V-band photodiode integrated with a coplanar patch antenna is demonstrated. Modified unitraveling carrier photodiodes with broad 3-dB bandwidth (60 GHz) and high-output power up to 16.7 dBm at 50 GHz were integrated with antennas. The radiation pattern characteristics of the coplanar patch antenna were investigated at V-band. The experimental results agree well with simulations. The effective radiated power of the photodiode-integrated antenna is $\sim 20$ dBm at 60 GHz.
Analytical procedure for quantifying five compounds suspected as possible contaminants in recycled paper/paperboard for food packaging.

Because contaminants in recycled paper intended for food packaging could be a risk to public health, analytical methods are needed to identify and quantify residues of concern in paper/paperboard. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is considering development of a guidance document for testing levels of contaminants that might be retained through paper recycling processes. An analytical procedure was developed using paper spiked with suspected contaminants at concentrations of 1−50 ppm in the paper. Benzophenone, dimethyl phthalate, anthracene, methyl stearate, and pentachlorophenol were introduced by soaking the paper in a solution in acetone at 25 °C for 24 h; the paper was removed and dried by evaporating the solvent with nitrogen. The model contaminant residues were extracted from the paper using ultrasonication and quantified by GC with flame ionization and electron capture detectors. Recoveries from the spiked paper were 80−109% with a repeatability of ±4%. The method was also used to analyze comm...
Coupling a dynein transport model with a model of anterograde and retrograde transport of intracellular organelles

Abstract A model of fast axonal transport of organelles that accounts for dynein transport in an inactive state toward the axonal synapse is developed. It is assumed that anterograde transport of inactive dynein in an axon is powered by kinesin motors. It is further assumed that the probability of organelle attachment to a dynein motor is directly proportional to the concentration of free dynein motors available at a particular location in the axon. The results predicted by two models (the first one is that which incorporates dynein transport and the second one is the traditional model that does not incorporate dynein transport) are compared. The obtained results suggest that the availability of dynein motors in a particular location in an axon can be a factor limiting fast axonal transport.
A Comparison of Preference Responses of White and African-American Students to Musical versus Musical/Visual Stimuli.

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of same- and other-group identification in musical preference decision-making. Subjects were African-American (n = 189) and white (n = 280) music s...
Axial heterogeneity of adenosine transport and metabolism in the rabbit proximal tubule.

Axial heterogeneity of adenosine transport and metabolism in the rabbit proximal tubule. Transport and metabolism of adenosine were studied in the S1, S2, and S3 segments of the rabbit proximal renal tubule. Isolated segments were perfused in vitro with uniformly labelled 14 C-adenosine to measure the lumen-to-bath flux of adenosine. This flux rate was measured by the disappearance of 14 C from the luminal fluid (J D ) and simultaneously by the appearance of 14 C in the bathing solution (J A ), expressed as femtomoles per minute per millimeter of tubule length (fmol · min -1 ·mm -1 ). At a perfused concentration of 83.3µM adenosine, when corrected for metabolism, the J D s for adenosine in the S1, S2, and S3 segments were 735, 212, and 273, respectively. J A S, corrected for metabolism, were 0, 0, and 4.8 fmol · min -1 · mm -1 for the S1, S2, and S3 segments, indicating that very little or no 14 C-adenosine moved across the basolateral membrane. To correct for metabolism of 14 C-adenosine, the perfusion fluid, collected fluid, tubular extract, and bathing fluid, from three tubules of each segment type, were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to identify 14 C-adenosine and its 14 C-metabolites. At 83.3 µM all segments metabolized adenosine extensively. Consequently, adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP) and inosine were found in tubule cells of all segments. Inosine also appeared in the collected fluid, but AMP did not. In S1 and S2 segments, none of the 14 C in the bathing solutions could be identified and no adenosine was found. Of the small amounts of 14 C found in bathing solutions from S3 segments, about 27% appeared to be adenosine, the rest were inosine and hypoxanthine or unidentified metabolites. Cell-to-lumen adenosine concentration ratios, corrected for metabolism but not for binding, were 7.3, 21.3, and 8.7 for the S1, S2, and S3 segments, respectively. We conclude that adenosine is avidly transported across the luminal membrane in all segments of the proximal tubule and then extensively metabolized. Therefore, any adenosine in the glomerular filtrate is not likely to appear in renal venous blood or the urine as adenosine. These data suggest that adenosine in the urine must come primarily from some point in the nephron distal to the proximal tubule.
Experimental limitations in impedance spectroscopy: Part II - Electrode artifacts in three-point measurements on Pt/YSZ

Abstract High temperature (570–750°C) three-point impedance measurements on the system Pt/YSZ using a platinum reference electrode exhibited distortions/artifacts due to the voltage divider effect. These distortions could be avoided by using a lower impedance reference electrode (Ag) or employing an instrument with a higher input impedance. A correction procedure was also successful.
Simulation of non-Rayleigh reverberation and clutter

The simulation of active sonar reverberation time series has traditionally been done using either a computationally intensive point-scatterer model or a Rayleigh-distributed reverberation-envelope model with a time-varying power level. Although adequate in scenarios where reverberation arises from a multitude of scatterers, the Rayleigh model is not representative of the target-like non-Rayleigh reverberation or clutter commonly observed with modern high-resolution sonar systems operating in shallow-water environments. In this paper, techniques for simulating non-Rayleigh reverberation are developed within the context of the finite-number-of-scatterers representation of K-distributed reverberation, which allows control of the reverberation-envelope statistics as a function of system (beamwidth and bandwidth) and environmental (scatterer density and size) parameters. To avoid the high computational effort of the point-scatterer model, reverberation is simulated at the output of the matched filter and is generated using efficient approximate methods for forming K-distributed random variables. Finite impulse response filters are used to introduce the effects of multipath propagation and the shape of the reverberation power spectrum, the latter of which requires the development of a prewarping of the K distribution parameters to control the reverberation-envelope statistics. The simulation methods presented in this paper will be useful in the testing and evaluation of active sonar signal processing algorithms, as well as for simulation-based research on the effects of the sonar system and environment on the reverberation-envelope probability density function.
SECONDARY BIFURCATION AND CHANGE OF TYPE FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL STANDING WAVES IN FINITE DEPTH

The nonlinear periodic free oscillations of irrotational surface waves in a three-dimensional basin with a rectangular cross-section and finite depth are considered. A previous work by Verma & Keller (1962) has analysed the case when the linear natural frequencies are non-commensurate. For particular values of the parameters, however, strong internal resonance occurs (two natural frequencies are equal). Instead of the usual loss of stability and exchange of energy, it is found that the double eigenvalue generates a higher multiplicity of periodic solutions. Eight solution branches are found to be emitted by the double eigenvalues. It is also shown that perturbing the double eigenvalue results in a secondary bifurcation of periodic solutions. The direction of the branches for the multiple and secondary bifurcation changes with the depth. Finally it is shown that the formal solutions obtained are not uniformly valid and an additional expansion in the Boussinesq regime shows that the wave field changes type. One of the solutions in this regime is a field of three-dimensional cnoidal standing waves.
Data-Dependent Statistical Memory Model for Passive Array of Memristive Devices

A 2 × 2 equivalent statistical circuit model is presented to deal with sneak currents and random data distributions for n × m passive memory arrays of memristive devices. The data-dependent 2 × 2 circuit model enables a broad range of analysis, such as the optimum detection voltage margin, with computational efficiency and has no limit on the memory array size. In addition, we propose replica-based self-adaptable sense resistors to achieve both low-power reading and large voltage detection windowing.
Prohibiting Capital Punishment for People Identified with Mental Retardation: Protection or Discrimination?

Controversy surrounding the execution of individuals identified with mental retardation has catapulted to the forefront of American society. This article examines this issue, reviewing the prominent literature that advocates or opposes a universal ban on the application of the death penalty to people labeled with mental retardation and offering the author's perspective on the matter. The author's discussion delineates the argument into two major concerns: The increased probability that a person with cognitive deficits may be unjustly convicted and sentenced because of certain characteristics of his or her disability, and the degree of blameworthiness of an offender who might have a lessened sense of personal responsibility. It is argued that because of the realities of the American legal and penal systems, the application of the death penalty to people with mental retardation must be banned, at least until each case can be examined thoroughly by individuals well informed about the manifestations of such c...
Do Class and School Size Matter? A Crucial Issue to School Improvement

Students in a first year Master’s degree seminar were asked to find the answer to the question “Do Class and School Size Matter as A Crucial Issue to School Improvement?” The paper the students wrote is based on a review of the literature. The students determined that the question had several issues to be addressed before they could answer the question. The issues researched were Student to Teacher Ratio, Resource Availability, Test Scores, Minority students, Extracurricular Activities, Attitude, and Security. The research then led them to make a discussion of Class size, Schools within Schools, Small Schools, and Small is not Better.