cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genes coding for mouse activin beta C and beta E are closely linked and exhibit a liver-specific expression pattern in adult tissues.

Five activin beta subunits have been isolated to date, and a comparative analysis of amino acid identity has suggested that the activin beta C, beta D and beta E subunits represent a distinct subset. Based on genomic cloning studies, we now report that the mouse activin beta C and beta E genetic loci are closely linked-i.e, the coding sequences are separated by 5.5-kbp. These genes also show similarities in structural organization as well as a unique liver-restricted pattern of expression in adult mice. Our results suggest that tandem duplication of an ancestral gene generated the mouse activin beta C and beta E genetic loci, and they provide further evidence for the postulate that the beta C-beta E subunits form a distinct subset of related activins. To our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate close chromosomal linkage between members of the TGF-beta superfamily as well as a liver-restricted expression pattern for a TGF-beta-like gene.
Clival fracture with basilar artery laceration.

A 21-year-old man restrained driver involved in a head-on collision with a tree was intubated in the field with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3 and arrived at Harborview Medical Center trauma center with initial hematocrit of 13 and severe facial deformity. Noncontrast head computed tomography (CT) (Fig 1) revealed basal subarachnoid hemorrhage, bilateral uncal herniation with hypodense pons, and bilateral transverse diastatic temporal bone fractures extending through the clivus. CT angiography (CTA) was then performed, revealing active bleeding from the basilar artery that had been injured by a bone fragment (Fig 2). Neurosurgical evaluation of the patient revealed bilateral fixed, dilated pupils, no reaction to noxious stimuli, and no gag or cough reflex; a brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography demonstrated no flow to the brain (Fig 3), and the patient was declared brain-dead. High-velocity blunt trauma victims are at risk for vascular damage in the neck due to the extreme rotation and extension of the head at the moment of impact. The vertebral artery is particularly vulnerable to injury in blunt trauma because of its tortuous course through the transverse cervical foramina and into the skull base. Furthermore, the head-neck intersection acts as a fulcrum for injury, and the neck vessels are commonly injured immediately proximal to the skull base, regardless of fracture location. Vessel injury commonly manifests as intimal damage, dissection, thrombosis, thromboembolism, or pontine infarct. 1
A contact Nd: YAG laser to resect large ciliary body and choroidal tumors

We used a contact Nd: YAG laser fit with a 0.2-mm diameter sapphire tip to excise a large (5 1/2 clock hour) iris ciliary body-choroidal tumor and a large (15×8×3 mm) choroidal tumor. The cutting and coagulation action of the laser helped to minimize intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage.
Semantics-based optimization across uncoordinated tasks in networked embedded systems

Microservers are networked embedded devices that accept user tasks on demand and execute them on real world information collected by sensors. Sharing intermediate sensing and computing results among these tasks is critical for optimal resource utilization. This paper presents a service-oriented microserver runtime --- Share and its semantics-based task management design. Event semantics checking and conversion are based on a signal type system (STS) that captures both data values and service triggering. Based on the compatibility of event semantics, redundant computations in uncoordinated tasks are removed from the runtime. A prototype of Share has been experimented with a parking garage sensor network executing three uncoordinated user queries.
Performance of generalized multi-layered perceptrons and layered arbitrarily connected networks trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt method

The generalized multilayer perceptron (gMLP) augments the connections in the multilayered perceptron (MLP) architecture to include all possible non-recurrent connections. The layered arbitrarily connected network (lACN) has connections from input nodes to output nodes in addition to the connections included in a MLP. In this paper the performance of MLP, lACN and gMLP networks trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt method are compared. A number of different function approximation tasks were examined. The effect of varying the number of hidden layer neurons, the error termination condition, and the training set size were also evaluated. The results presented here represent preliminary findings. In particular, additional testing on benchmark real data sets is needed.
Design space exploration of on-chip ring interconnection for a CPU-GPU heterogeneous architecture

Incorporating a GPU architecture into CMP, which is more efficient with certain types of applications, is a popular architecture trend in recent processors. This heterogeneous mix of architectures will use an on-chip interconnection to access shared resources such as last-level cache tiles and memory controllers. The configuration of this on-chip network will likely have a significant impact on resource distribution, fairness, and overall performance. The heterogeneity of this architecture inevitably exerts different pressures on the interconnection due to the differing characteristics and requirements of applications running on CPU and GPU cores. CPU applications are sensitive to latency, while GPGPU applications require massive bandwidth. This is due to the difference in the thread-level parallelism of the two architectures. GPUs use more threads to hide the effect of memory latency but require massive bandwidth to supply those threads. On the other hand, CPU cores typically running only one or two threads concurrently are very sensitive to latency. This study surveys the impact and behavior of the interconnection network when CPU and GPGPU applications run simultaneously. Among our findings, we observed that significant interference exists between CPU and GPU applications and resource partitioning, in particular virtual and physical channel partitioning, shows effectiveness to solve the interference problem. Also, heterogeneous link configurations show promising results by optimizing traffic hotspots in the network. Finally, we evaluated different placement policies and found that how to place different components in the network significantly affects the performance. Based on these findings, we suggest an optimal ring interconnect network. Our study will shed light on other architectural interconnection studies on CPU-GPU heterogeneous architectures.
Trade, globalization and uneven development Entanglements of geographical political economy

Mainstream geographical economics propagates the free trade doctrine, presenting capitalism as entailing, but capable of overcoming, uneven geographical development. Geographers have failed to enga...
Slaying the desktop management dragon with configuration manager 2012

Today's desktop computing environment is complex enough. Software eccentricities, security threats, demanding students and faculty members; why make your life harder than necessary as a desktop administator? A strong and flexible workstation management platform is an absolute must in these trying times. Microsoft's System Center 2012 Configuration Manager is about as robust a tool as they come. Deploy software and operating system images with ease. Another Java exploit is in the wild you say? Don't shudder--own that update process! Certain large software companies got you down with the threat of a software license audit? Sleep soundly knowing the asset intelligence built into ConfigMgr has your back. This session will seek to explore the ways ConfigMgr can make your life easier as a desktop admin (even cross-platform!). Even hardened desktop admins should come away with some new tricks for their bags!
MAMMALIAN RESPONSE TO GLOBAL WARMING ON VARIED TEMPORAL SCALES

Paleontological information was used to evaluate and compare how Rocky Mountain mammalian communities changed during past global warming events characterized by different durations (350, ;10,000‐20,000, and 4 million years) and different per‐100-year warming rates (1.08C, 0.18C, 0.06‐0.088C, 0.0002‐0.00038C per 100 years). Our goals were to determine whether biotic changes observed today are characteristic of or accelerated relative to what took place during past global warming events and to clarify the possible trajectory of mammalian faunal change that climate change may initiate. This determination is complicated because actual warming rates scale inversely with the time during which temperature is measured, and species with different life-history strategies respond (or do not) in different ways. Nevertheless, examination of past global warming episodes suggested that approximately concurrent with warming, a predictable sequence of biotic events occurs at the regional scale of the central and northern United States Rocky Mountains. First, phenotypic and density changes in populations are detectable within 100 years. Extinction of some species, noticeable changes in taxonomic composition of communities, and possibly reduction in species richness follow as warming extends to a few thousand years. Faunal turnover nears 100% and species diversity may increase when warm temperatures last hundreds of thousands to millions of years, because speciation takes place and faunal changes initiated by a variety of shorter-term processes accumulate. Climate-induced faunal changes reported for the current global warming episode probably do not yet exceed the normal background rate, but continued warming during the next few decades, especially combined with the many other pressures of humans on natural ecosystems, has a high probability of producing effects that have not been experienced often, if ever, in mammalian history. words: climate change, global warming, Holocene, mammals, Miocene, Pleistocene
Effect of bovine pituitary growth hormone on hepatic cholesterogenesis of hypophysectomized rats.

Two groups of hypophysectomized rats were studied. In one group fed a stock diet, hepatic cholesterogenesis, as judged by the conversion of acetate car-bon to cholesterol by slices of their livers, was subnormal. In the second group of hypophysectomized rats, hepatic cholesterogenesis was made to proceed at normal rates by the feeding of a diet containing 60 per cent glucose. Beef pituitary growth hormone restored to normal the extent of acetate incorporation into cholesterol by the livers of hypophysectomized rats fed the stock diet. In those fed the 60 per cent glucose diet, the injection of the growth hormone increased above normal the liver’s capacity for converting acetate carbon to cholesterol. This response to growth hormone is rapid—an increase in hepatic cholesterogenesis was observed as early as 6 hours after a single intravenous injection of the hormone. Single intravenous injections of 100 μg. of the growth hormone as well as repeated daily intraperitoneal administrations of that amount did no...
A Natural Contact Sensor Paradigm for Nonintrusive and Real-Time Sensing of Biosignals in Human-Machine Interactions

Understanding of human cognitive and physical state is a basis for effective control or management of human-machine systems. The first step to achieve this is the development of sensors that are designed to be nonintrusive and measured in real-time. For the purposes of this paper, such sensors will be called biosensors. There are two existing paradigms for biosensors: wearable sensor and noncontact sensor. A wearable sensor had potential to be intrusive, and noncontact sensor methods may still be intrusiveness to a certain extent, while a noncontact sensor is limited in its capability of acquiring physiological signals. The overall objective of this paper is to propose a new paradigm called “natural-contact biosensor” upon a comprehensive evaluation of the existing paradigms. In this paper, the problem dimension for this new paradigm is defined, technical challenges are identified, and technologies to cope with these challenges are presented.
Combined Influence of Genetic and Dietary Factors on Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Japanese Americans

Colorectal cancer (CRC) rates for Japanese migrants to the United States increased rapidly to surpass the level of the host population. CRC rates for the Japanese in Hawaii and California are now the highest in the world. Rates for this disease have also increased in Japan, presumably as the result of the westernization of the diet. A series of population-based studies in Hawaii was undertaken to determine which dietary factors are responsible for this remarkable susceptibility of the Japanese to CRC and whether genetic factors are also involved. A first case-control study suggested that a high intake of red meat is a major risk factor for the disease in Hawaii Japanese men and that family history of CRC among first-degree relatives may strongly modify this association. A case-control family study is currently being completed to explore further the interaction between family history and the intake of red meat after adjustment for environmental covariates among family members. Also, a segregation analysis will guide gene discovery studies among high-risk Japanese families being recruited in the Cooperative Family Registry for Colorectal Cancer Studies. Retrospective and prospective studies are also ongoing to test associations of CRC with specific polymorphisms in genes controlling the metabolic activation or detoxification of the carcinogens associated with a diet high in red meat. Preliminary results suggest an association of the combined rapid NAT2 genotype and rapid CYP1A2 phenotype with CRC in individuals consuming well-done red meat. Populations in which dramatic changes in cancer incidence have occurred may offer opportunities to identify gene-environment interactions.
Maximal post-prandial triglyceride increase reflects post-prandial hypertriglyceridaemia and is associated with the insulin resistance syndrome.

SUMMARY Aims To assess the value of maximal post-prandial triglyceride increase after a high fat, low carbohydrate (CHO) test meal, as index of post-prandial hypertriglyceridaemia and its relation with insulin resistance. Methods Fifty non-diabetic subjects, 22 male and 28 female, aged 52.1 ± 4.5 and 56.9 ± 3.8 years, were studied. Glucose, insulin and triglycerides were measured fasting and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after a meal consisting of 40 g fat, 19 g protein and 10 g CHO. Insulin resistance was calculated according to the HOMA model. Results The maximal triglyceride increment occurred during the 4th hour. Its absolute value (Δ-TG) and the per cent increase over the fasting value (PTI), were considered appropriate for the evaluation of the post-prandial triglyceride response. Both Δ-TG and PTI were strongly correlated with triglycerides incremental area in males and females, r = 0.797 and r = 0.700, P 0.05. However further analysis by quartiles of PTI showed similar insulin resistance levels in the first three quartiles and a significant increase in the 4th, both for males and females, 4th vs. 3rd quartile 7.4 ± 3.6 vs. 2.2 ± 0.7 and 6.4 ± 2.4 vs. 2.2 ± 0.6, respectively. The 4th quartile corresponds to a PTI ≥ 80%. Conclusions PTI after the high fat, low CHO test meal used, consistently reflects post-prandial hypertriglyceridaemia, is easily measured and it is not predicted by fasting triglycerides. A PTI ≥ 80% is associated with a significant increase of insulin resistance, and might therefore be considered the cut-off point for an abnormal post-prandial hypertriglyceridaemic response, at least in relation with insulin resistance. Such response could be added to the abnormalities of the insulin resistance syndrome, as an independent parameter.
Adipose differentiation-related protein regulates lipids and insulin in pancreatic islets

The excess accumulation of lipids in islets is thought to contribute to the development of diabetes in obesity by impairing β-cell function. However, lipids also serve a nutrient function in islets, and fatty acids acutely increase insulin secretion. A better understanding of lipid metabolism in islets will shed light on complex effects of lipids on β-cells. Adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP) is localized on the surface of lipid droplets in a wide range of cells and plays an important role in intracellular lipid metabolism. We found that ADFP was highly expressed in murine β-cells. Moreover, islet ADFP was increased in mice on a high-fat diet (3.5-fold of control) and after fasting (2.5-fold of control), revealing dynamic changes in ADFP in response to metabolic cues. ADFP expression was also increased by addition of fatty acids in human islets. The downregulation of ADFP in MIN6 cells by antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) suppressed the accumulation of triglycerides upon fatty acid loading (56% of control) along with a reduction in the mRNA levels of lipogenic genes such as diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase-2 and fatty acid synthase. Fatty acid uptake, oxidation, and lipolysis were also reduced by downregulation of ADFP. Moreover, the reduction of ADFP impaired the ability of palmitate to increase insulin secretion. These findings demonstrate that ADFP is important in regulation of lipid metabolism and insulin secretion in β-cells.
Returning to Victorian Competition, Ownership, and Regulation: An Empirical Study of European Telecommunications at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

This article uses an original dataset to test the effects of government monopoly service, competition, and regulation on the development of the telephone industry in Europe in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Like today, there were stateowned monopolies in some countries, vigorous competition in others, and others with private firms operating under restrictive concessions. The main determinant of government control of the telephone sector was the state's involvement in the telegraph. Countries with competition between telephone providers and whose governments did not threaten to expropriate firms' assets saw higher telephone penetration and lower prices, even in rural areas.
Simulation of the 23 July 2012 Extreme Space Weather Event: What if This Extremely Rare CME Was Earth Directed?

Extreme space weather events are known to cause adverse impacts on critical modern day technological infrastructure such as high-voltage electric power transmission grids. On 23 July 2012, NASA's Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-Ahead (STEREO-A) spacecraft observed in situ an extremely fast coronal mass ejection (CME) that traveled 0.96 astronomical units (approx. 1 AU) in about 19 h. Here we use the SpaceWeather Modeling Framework (SWMF) to perform a simulation of this rare CME.We consider STEREO-A in situ observations to represent the upstream L1 solar wind boundary conditions. The goal of this study is to examine what would have happened if this Rare-type CME was Earth-bound. Global SWMF-generated ground geomagnetic field perturbations are used to compute the simulated induced geoelectric field at specific ground-based active INTERMAGNET magnetometer sites. Simulation results show that while modeled global SYM-H index, a high-resolution equivalent of the Dst index, was comparable to previously observed severe geomagnetic storms such as the Halloween 2003 storm, the 23 July CME would have produced some of the largest geomagnetically induced electric fields, making it very geoeffective. These results have important practical applications for risk management of electrical power grids.
Spurred anoda (Anoda cristata) interference in wide row and ultra narrow row cotton

Abstract A field experiment was conducted in 2000, 2001, and 2002 at Stoneville, MS, to determine the effect of spurred anoda interference on yield loss of two cotton cultivars, ‘Delta Pine 5415’ and ‘Pima S-6’, grown under wide (1 m) (WR) and ultra narrow (0.25 m) row (UNR) spacings. The relationship between spurred anoda density and dry weight per plot was linear each year. At a spurred anoda density of 8 m−2, spurred anoda dry weight per plot was 507, 322, and 777 g m−2 in 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively. However, spurred anoda did not interfere with seed cotton yield in 2001, which was probably attributable to the low branch development in that year. Yield losses exceeded 55% at a spurred anoda density of 8 m−2 compared with controls in both WR and UNR. The effect of spurred anoda density on boll numbers was nearly identical in 2000 and 2002, regardless of cotton cultivar and row spacing. Boll weights decreased in response to spurred anoda interference. Spurred anoda interference resulted in a decr...
Current Challenges Facing the Translation of Brain Computer Interfaces from Preclinical Trials to Use in Human Patients.

Current research in brain computer interface (BCI) technology is advancing beyond preclinical studies, with trials beginning in human patients. To date, these trials have been carried out with several different types of recording interfaces. The success of these devices has varied widely, but different factors such as the level of invasiveness, timescale of recorded information, and ability to maintain stable functionality of the device over a long period of time all must be considered in addition to accuracy in decoding intent when assessing the most practical type of device moving forward. Here, we discuss various approaches to BCIs, distinguishing between devices focusing on control of operations extrinsic to the subject (e.g., prosthetic limbs, computer cursors) and those focusing on control of operations intrinsic to the brain (e.g. using stimulation or external feedback), including closed-loop or adaptive devices. In this discussion, we consider the current challenges facing the translation of various types of BCI technology to eventual human application.
Venous Thrombosis in Handsewn versus Coupled Venous Anastomoses in 857 Consecutive Breast Free Flaps.

Background The anastomotic coupling device has demonstrated safety and efficacy; however, the coupler has never been compared directly to handsewn venous anastomoses exclusively in breast reconstruction. We hypothesized that rates of venous thrombosis would be lower using the coupler versus handsewn anastomoses in free flap breast reconstruction. Methods We performed a retrospective review utilizing clinic records, hospital records, and operative reports for 857 consecutive breast free flaps at a single institution from 1997 to 2012. Data were collected on reconstruction type, recipient vessels, timing, laterality, preoperative radiation, chemotherapy, venous thrombosis, and flap outcome. We compared rates of venous thrombosis between handsewn and coupled anastomoses for breast free flaps. Chi-square test was used to calculate statistical significance. Results A total of 857 consecutive free flaps were performed for breast reconstruction in 647 patients over 16 years. The venous anastomosis was handsewn in 303 flaps, and the anastomotic coupler was used in 554 flaps. The rate of venous thrombosis requiring anastomotic revision in the handsewn group was 0.04% (12/303), compared with 0.01% in the coupled group (8/554; p = 0.02). Conclusion The anastomotic coupler was more effective in preventing venous thrombosis than handsewn anastomoses in our series. While our study demonstrates improved patency rates using the venous coupler in breast reconstruction, we were unable to definitively separate this finding from potential confounding variables due to the low rates of thrombosis in both the groups. Our data are consistent with current literature, which suggests that the coupler is a safe and effective alternative to hand sutured anastomoses.
Emergent behavior in two complex cellular automata rule sets: Research Articles

Cellular automata systems often produce complex behavior from simple rule sets. The behaviors and results of two complex combinations of cellular automata rules are analyzed. Both two-dimensional rule sets add complexities to typical cellular automata systems by attaching attributes and rules to each cell. One of the rule sets produces gliders that reproduce upon collision, whereas the other grows into an intricate shape. Projection and entropy analysis classify the rule sets as complex for the intricate shape, but measurements indicate that the self-reproducing gliders fall between ordered and complex classification, despite their complex appearance. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10: 45–55, 2005
2‐Phenyl‐6,10b‐dihydro‐4H,5aH‐5‐oxa‐3,10c‐diaza‐2‐azonia‐cyclopenta[c]fluorene tetrafluoroborate; 2‐Pentafluorophenyl‐6,10b‐dihydro‐4HM,5aH‐5‐oxa‐3,10c‐diaza‐2‐azoniacyclopenta[c]fluorene tetrafluoroborate; 6,7‐Dihydro‐2‐phenyl‐5‐(phenylmethyl)‐5H‐pyrrolo[2,1‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazolium chloride

2-Pentafluorophenyl-6,10b-dihydro-4H,5aH-5-oxa-3,10c-diaza-2-azoniacyclopenta[c]fluorene tetrafluoroborate [740816-14-2] C18H11BF9N3O (MW 467.0961) InChI = 1S/C18H11F5N3O.BF4/c19-12-13(20)15(22)18(16(23)14(12)21)26-7-25-11(24-26)6-27-10-5-8-3-1-2-4-9(8)17(10)25;2-1(3,4)5/h1-4,7,10,17H,5-6H2;/q+1;-1 InChIKey = CPCMDOOTVHDRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (catalyst used in a variety of transformations, mostly involving umpolung reactivity) Physical Data: mp 222–226 °C. Solubility: common organic solvents – low solubility in hexanes, benzene, and toluene. Form Supplied in: anhydrous solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR, MS. Purification: trituration 95:5 ethyl acetate/methanol. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stored at ambient temperature with no special precautions. 2-phenyl-6,10b-dihydro-4H,5aH-5-oxa-3,10c-diaza-2-azonia-cyclopenta[c]fluorene tetrafluoroborate [463326-74-1] C18H16BF4N3O (MW 377.1438) InChI = 1S/C18H16N3O.BF4/c1-2-7-14(8-3-1)21-12-20-17(19-21)11-22-16-10-13-6-4-5-9-15(13)18(16)20;2-1(3,4)5/h1-9,12,16,18H,10-11H2;/q+1;-1 InChIKey = WHAPHEJUSIRKAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (catalyst used in a variety of transformations, mostly involving umpolung reactivity) Physical Data: mp 203–206 °C. Solubility: common organic solvents – low solubility in hexanes, benzene, and toluene. Form Supplied in: anhydrous solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR, MS. Purification: trituration 95:5 ethyl acetate/methanol. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stored at ambient temperature with no special precautions. 6,7-Dihydro-2-phenyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c]-1,2,4-triazolium chloride [640737-16-2] C18H18ClN3 (MW 311.8086) InChI = 1S/C18H18N3.ClH/c1-3-7-15(8-4-1)13-17-11-12-18-19-21(14-20(17)18)16-9-5-2-6-10-16;/h1-10,14,17H,11-13H2;1H/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = JOMVXOWRDSZYJW-UHFFFAOYSA-M (catalyst used in a variety of transformations, mostly involving umpolung reactivity) Physical Data: mp 198.4–199.6 °C (BF4 salt). Solubility: common organic solvents – low solubility in hexanes, benzene, and toluene. Form Supplied in: anhydrous solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR, MS. Purification: precipitation from chlorobenzene followed by recrystallization from MeOH (BF4 catalyst). Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stored at ambient temperature with no special precautions.
Comparing Public And Private Management: Cooperative Effort And Principal-Agent Relationships

Management studies often attempt to identify similarities and differences between the public and private sectors. This essay takes an alternative approach by examining the basic internal characteristics and external constraints on management in both sectors. The analysis concentrates on comparable team production problems and underlying principal-agent relationships, providing illustrations from private firms and public agencies.
Glia Maturation Factor-γ Regulates Monocyte Migration through Modulation of β1-Integrin

Monocyte migration requires the dynamic redistribution of integrins through a regulated endo-exocytosis cycle, but the complex molecular mechanisms underlying this process have not been fully elucidated. Glia maturation factor-γ (GMFG), a novel regulator of the Arp2/3 complex, has been shown to regulate directional migration of neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. In this study, we explored the important role of GMFG in monocyte chemotaxis, adhesion, and β1-integrin turnover. We found that knockdown of GMFG in monocytes resulted in impaired chemotactic migration toward formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) as well as decreased α5β1-integrin-mediated chemoattractant-stimulated adhesion. These GMFG knockdown impaired effects could be reversed by cotransfection of GFP-tagged full-length GMFG. GMFG knockdown cells reduced the cell surface and total protein levels of α5β1-integrin and increased its degradation. Importantly, we demonstrate that GMFG mediates the ubiquitination of β1-integrin through knockdown or overexpression of GMFG. Moreover, GMFG knockdown retarded the efficient recycling of β1-integrin back to the plasma membrane following normal endocytosis of α5β1-integrin, suggesting that the involvement of GMFG in maintaining α5β1-integrin stability may occur in part by preventing ubiquitin-mediated degradation and promoting β1-integrin recycling. Furthermore, we observed that GMFG interacted with syntaxin 4 (STX4) and syntaxin-binding protein 4 (STXBP4); however, only knockdown of STXBP4, but not STX4, reduced monocyte migration and decreased β1-integrin cell surface expression. Knockdown of STXBP4 also substantially inhibited β1-integrin recycling in human monocytes. These results indicate that the effects of GMFG on monocyte migration and adhesion probably occur through preventing ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation of α5β1-integrin and facilitating effective β1-integrin recycling back to the plasma membrane.
Pharmacokinetics of Fenvalerate in Laboratory and Field Strains of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Pharmacokinetics of fenvalerate- 14 C were examined in the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), 3rd instars from a pyrethroid-susceptible strain (BCIRL-S), a field strain (ARK) that possessed a low level of resistance to this pyrethroid (resistance ratio 2.7-fold at LD 90 ), and a composite strain (HZC) that was reared under pyrethroid selection but did not significantly differ from ARK larvae in its suceptibility to fenvalerate. We observed differences in rates of fenvalerate penetration and degradation among larvae from the 3 strains. Based on actual disappearance of total radiocarbon from the insect rinses, half-times for fenvalerate penetration were 7, 16, and 18 h in BCIRL-S, ARK, and HZC 3rd instars, respectively. Fenvalerate was degraded fastest by HZC larvae followed by BCIRL-C and ARK larvae. The only difference in fenvalerate pharmacokinetics likely related to toxicity was slower pyrethroid penetration in the ARK and HZC strains as compared with the BCIRL-S strain.
C–H Bond Functionalization of Benzoic Acid: Catalytic Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-ones Using (Cp*IrCl2)2

Catalytic H/D exchange reactions of benzene and benzoic acid with deuterated solvents have been studied using (Cp*IrCl2)2. A 1:1 mixture of D2O/CD3OD produced the highest turnover numbers for benzene. High levels of deuterium incorporation into benzoic acid were observed only when sodium acetate was added to the reaction mixture. Attempts at producing hydroxybenzoic acid by catalytic C–H functionalization of benzoic acid with benzoquinone were unsuccessful. Instead, 2-hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one was isolated as the major product. An array of substituted benzoic acids was analyzed for this functionalization reaction. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the benzochromenones are formed by C–H bond activation of benzoic acid followed by insertion of benzoquinone into the iridium–carbon bond.
Investigation of Rose Bengal Conjugation.

Summary1. Metabolites of Rose Bengal could not be demonstrated in human bile, serum or urine or in extracts from rat liver by a variety of systems involving paper and column chromatography and electrophoresis. 2. Conjugation with cystine-S35 or glucuronic acid was not demonstrable. 3. It was concluded that Rose Bengal is not conjugated by the liver in the same form reported for bilirubin (glucuronides) or bromsulfalein (mercapticles).
Suppression of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with Augmentative Releases of Predaceous Stinkbugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Field cage tests in 1987 established that releases of 5-10 Perillus bioculatus (F.) and Podisus maculiventris (Say) per plant were able to reduce high density populations (≈450 per plant) of Colorado potato beetle by ≈50%. P. bioculatus provided greater foliage protection than P. maculiventris . In 1988, in similar cage tests, P. bioculatus released at rates of 2-8 per plant reduced Colorado potato beetle densities of ≈100 per plant by ≈8.5% per predator released. Field plot tests in 1988 confirmed cage results with P. bioculatus and demonstrated that 1 and 3 predators per plant suppressed populations of Colorado potato beetle by 30 and 62%, respectively. Three P. bioculatus per plant significantly reduced defoliation and increased yield 65% over the untreated control. Progeny production of a laboratory colony of P. bioculatus maintained on Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) larvae was equivalent to that for a colony maintained on Colorado potato beetle larvae. Our data indicate that inoculative releases of stinkbug predators for suppression of Colorado potato beetle populations could be an important component of an integrated management program.
Analysis on vector surveillance in Yushu earthquake-stricken areas

Objective To determine the species composition and density of vectors in Yushu quake-stricken areas to inform vector control.Methods The mosquito and fly density was investigated by visual estimation for five types of habitat at five tents or mobile houses in each of the temporary shelter.The rodent density was measured by bite - stealing method.Results No mosquito activity was found in the areas.The densities of flies and rats were 0.69/m~2 and 4.12%,while the highest fly density was observed in June,as well as in toilets and garbage.The overall density of rats peaked in May and inside the Dangdai community. Conclusion The overall fly and rodent density was generally low,though the fly density from June to July was high enough to justify an additional vector control action.Vector control is required based on the surveillance results in the area to maintain environmental and public health.
Becoming M&A Targets: Evidence from Small, Privately Held Firms

We analyze a private firm’s likelihood of exiting through a merger or acquisition. To test our hypotheses we use the confidential version of the Kauffman Firm Survey data, the largest longitudinal dataset of newly formed businesses in the United States. Our results show that firms with R&D activity and those characterized by lower information asymmetry are more likely to become M&A targets. We also show that having intellectual property rights such as copyrights, patents and trademarks does not significantly affect the firm’s likelihood to exit through M&A. These results suggest that acquirers value the growth potential signaled through R&D rather than the existing intellectual property and therefore, firms with high quality innovations are the most attractive targets for acquisitions. The hypothesis that venture-backed firms are more likely to become M&A targets finds strong support in our analysis. Angels or venture capitalists have the first opportunity to liquidate some or all their equity holdings when the firm becomes an acquisition target. Our results also show that firms owned by serial entrepreneurs are more likely to become M&A targets. From an acquirer’s perspective, entrepreneurs with start-up experience are typically favored due to their proven ability to realize the growth potential of a venture as well as their willingness and ability to harvest value for themselves and their investors.
Surgical measures in metastatic lesions of the extremities and pelvic bones

Two factors--generally increased life expectancy with a higher risk of malignant disease and improved survival rates among cancer patients--have led to a steady increase in the incidence of metastatic bone disease over the past 20 years. There is little controversy about the need for ORIF in the case of pathological fractures, but special techniques are necessary to achieve immediate and lasting stability in the presence of frequently extensive bone destruction. Metastatic bone lesions that involve the risk of fracture should preferably be stabilized prophylactically before further treatment in the form of radiation or chemotherapy. Special techniques of composite osteosyntheses for the long bones and particularly for composite reconstructions of acetabular lesions are listed.
CHAPTER 10 – Macro Model of Blue Glacier

This chapter reveals that glaciers are one of the most intriguing elements in our natural environment. To the geologist, glaciers are a never-ending source of fascinating information and discovery. Glaciers are sensitive and dynamic. They move and respond in many different and subtle ways to changes in the environment. They have been larger and more numerous in the past and could possibly return to assume a more extensive role in the future. Glaciers inherently present great potential for systems modeling as evidenced in the fact that a glacier is bounded in space by the geographical features of its domain; that it is a body of ice subject to mass balance; and that glacial mass, although quantified in terms of cubic meters, is also represented by average thickness in meters. A glacier operates on a budget, that is, its ice/water mass satisfies a mass balance equation.
Polymerase Proofreading Associated Polyposis, and Other New Syndromes of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer

The most common hereditary polyposis syndromes are familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and MYH associated polyposis (MAP). Recently four new syndromes of inherited colorectal cancer have been identified that are the result of germline mutations in genes encoding proteins that help to maintain the fidelity of DNA reproduction. These four syndromes include polymerase proofreading associated polyposis (PPAP), NTHL1 associated polyposis (NAP), polyposis associated with mutations in FAN1, and hereditary colon cancer associated with mutations in BUB1/BUB3. The phenotypic features of each of these syndromes differ as do the cancer screening and surveillance strategies. This relative plethora of new hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes increases the complexity of the field, but at the same time fills in gaps that existed in our ability to find a molecular explanation for inheritance of the disease.
NMOS and PMOS transistors fabricated in strained silicon/relaxed silicon-germanium structures

N- and P-MOSFETs have been fabricated in various epitaxial layer structures containing relaxed Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/, and strained Si active regions. Theoretical calculations predict that the strain-splitting of the conduction bands should produce a higher bulk electron mobility in strained Si. Enhanced electron mobilities have recently been observed in n-type modulation-doped structures employing strained Si. In this work we demonstrate NMOS transistors with peak room temperature electron mobilities which are a factor of 2.2 larger than those measured in devices fabricated in CZ Si substrates. By comparing the behavior of buried- and surface-channel structures, we have observed mobility enhancements associated with both the separation of the electrons from the semiconductor/oxide interface, and the strain-induced band splitting. The room temperature performance of PMOS devices fabricated in such structures is not significantly different from that of the Si control devices. >
Religious Participation and Biological Functioning in Mexico

Objective:Although several studies suggest that religious involvement tends to favor healthy biological functioning, most of this work has been conducted in the United States. This study explores t...
Iride pigmentation sex and type a behavior

As a test of Worthy’s (1974) hypothesis that sex and iride pigmentation are variables which act to determine level of behavioral reactivity, we measured the level of Type A behavior of 421 dark-eyed and 253 light-eyed college students. While our results failed to confirm predictions made from Worthy’s hypothesis, we found an unanticipated Sex x Iride Pigmentation interaction, i.e., dark-eyed females scored significantly lower on the Jenkins Activity Survey (our measure of Type A behavior) than dark-eyed males, but light-eyed females scored higher than light-eyed males. The implications of these data for Worthy’s hypothesis were considered.
Architecture and the Structured Image: Software Simulations as Infrastructures for Building Production

This chapter shows how technical and conceptual innovations brought about by Computer-Aided Design (CAD) research during the 1960s and 1970s foreshadow current practices of building design and construction, and are foundational to a modern epistemology of the image in the age of simulation. No longer construed as pictorial representations of a design but rather as mathematically enlivened and operative artifacts performing it, computationally produced images elicited new aesthetic and managerial aspirations—crucially, to re-structure design labor and to destabilize the boundaries between design and construction. Interrogating the material and discursive tenets of this transformation through both historical evidence and ethnographic insight, the chapter proposes the analytical category of “structured image” to engage with its significance to architectural and visual cultures. It further proposes that the scale at which this reconfiguration is realized requires both historically informed perspectives and performative, localized accounts of socio-technical practice.
The Geographies of Social Movements: Afro-Colombian Mobilization and the Aquatic Space by Ulrich Oslender

Oslender, Ulrich. The Geographies of Social Movements: Afro-Colombian Mobilization and the Aquatic Space. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016. Review by Jane M. Rausch.
Abstract CT063: Phase 2, open-label, multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of INCB054828 in patients (pts) with advanced, metastatic, or surgically unresectable cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with inadequate response to prior therapy

Background: Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling by FGFR translocations and activating mutations is implicated in many cancers, including CCA. FGFR2 translocations are the most common FGFR alterations, which occur in ~13% of pts with intrahepatic CCA and involve a variety of fusion partners/breakpoints. INCB054828 is a novel, orally available, selective inhibitor of FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 tyrosine kinase activities (AACR 2015; Abstract 771). Methods: This phase 2, open-label trial will evaluate INCB054828 monotherapy in pts with advanced/metastatic or surgically unresectable CCA (Table;NCT02924376). Pts will be prescreened centrally for FGF/FGFR status and enrolled in the following cohorts prior to start of treatment: FGFR2 translocations (Cohort A); other FGF/FGFR alterations (Cohort B); no FGF/FGFR alterations (Cohort C; negative control for effects of FGF/FGFR alterations on objective response rate [ORR]). Pts must be aged ≥18 years, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2, disease progression after ≥1 prior systemic therapy, and no prior use of selective FGFR inhibitors. Pts will self-administer INCB054828 orally at a starting dose of 13.5 mg once-daily on a 21-day cycle (2 weeks on; 1 week off); treatment will continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint will be ORR (complete or partial response per independent radiologic review committee using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1) in pts with FGFR2 translocations (Cohort A). Secondary endpoints will include ORR in pts positive or negative for any FGF/FGFR alterations and duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety (all cohorts). The study is currently open for enrollment (estimated primary completion date, April, 2018). Citation Format: Mitesh J. Borad, S. Lindsey Davis, Maeve A. Lowery, Ekaterine Asatiani, Christine F. Lihou, Huiling Zhen, Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa. Phase 2, open-label, multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of INCB054828 in patients (pts) with advanced, metastatic, or surgically unresectable cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with inadequate response to prior therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT063. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-CT063
Demo: LiShield: Privacy Protection of Physical Environment Against Photographing

The ubiquity of mobile camera devices has been triggering an outcry of privacy concerns, whereas privacy protection still relies on the compliance of the photographer or camera hardware, which can hardly be guaranteed in practice. In this demo, we introduce LiShield, which automatically protects a physical scene against photographing, by illuminating it with smart LEDs flickering in a specialized waveform. We use a model-driven approach to optimize the waveform, so as to ensure protection against the (uncontrollable) cameras and potential image-processing based attacks. We have also designed mechanisms to unblock authorized cameras and enable graceful degradation under strong ambient light interference. This demo will show our prototype implementation, with simple on-site experiments that demonstrate how LiShield effectively destroys unauthorized photo capturing.
An enhancing scheme for interference-aware broadcast with reducible TX-range in wireless networks

In the minimum latency broadcasting problem with interference in concern, some previously proposed heuristics where broadcasting nodes with an ability to reduce their transmission range to their farthest nodes have shown an improvement in decreasing interference thus decreasing latency. In this paper, we propose an enhancing scheme for the problem by allowing nodes, which are not selected to be the broadcasting nodes, to decrease their transmission range to their nearest node. As a result, more nodes have more possibility to simultaneously broadcast, hence decreasing latency. By additionally applying this scheme, we achieve 8.37% less latency by average, compared to doing only the previous heuristics alone.
Pedagogical Practices and Curriculum Considerations for a Study Away Course in Sport

As academic programs relative to sport continue to grow and evolve, college and university faculty are tasked with developing innovative curricula to enhance the overall experiences of their students. A viable option to facilitate this charge is complementing traditional courses with domestic study away opportunities. This article adds to the limited literature on domestic study away courses in sport by detailing pedagogical approaches and curriculum design strategies utilized in a faculty-led study away course within an academic program in sport. Several theories including constructivism, cooperative learning, discovery learning, and experiential learning made up the theoretical framework and were adopted for pedagogical and curriculum planning purposes. A variety of course assignments, assessments, and experiences were implemented and integrated with student-centered and active learning concepts. Practical implications from this paper include encouraging openness to new instructional methods, integrating active learning theories into study away activities, and the importance of well-designed course assignments and assessments. This paper establishes a foundation for future investigations on the topic and presents recommendations for further research. Subscribe to TPE