cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Television on Group Vitality: Can Television Empower Nondominant Groups?

The concept of vitality was first introduced to account for factors affecting language use in the late 1970s. Today, vitality has developed into a broader theory addressing issues related to ethnicity, gender, age, and intergroup communication. Theorists propose that the more vitality a group has, the more likely that group will survive as an entity in an intergroup context. Intergroup researchers claim that perceptions of vitality may be influenced by mass media. This relationship has yet to be explored in detail. Based on mass media theory, we offer a number of contrasting propositions about how television might function to impact subjective group vitality and, ultimately, intergroup communication. The integration of relevant intergroup and mass communication literature reflects the extent to which television empowers minority groups as well as how levels of empowerment are manifested in nondominant groups’ behaviors.
Off-Hour Surgery Among Orthopedic Subspecialties at an Urban, Quaternary-Care, Level 1 Trauma Center

Purpose We sought to determine and quantify which subspecialties of orthopedic surgeons are operating off hours in an urban, quaternary-care, level 1 trauma center. Materials and methods We used our clinical registry to identify 43,211 orthopedic surgeries performed between January 2008 and December 2011. Our outcome measures were the number and proportion of off-hour surgeries performed as well as the number and proportion of off-hours per subspecialty. The denominators were the total number of surgeries and the total number of surgical hours worked per subspecialty. Subspecialties—based on the primary surgeon who performed the surgery—were arthroplasty, foot and ankle, hand, pediatrics, shoulder, spine, sports, orthopedic trauma, and orthopedic oncology. Results A total of 2,431 (5.6%) surgeries were off-hours; the overall ratio of off-hour to on-hour surgeries was 1 to 17. There was a difference in the proportion of off-hour surgeries performed among orthopedic subspecialties: trauma (ratio, 1:5) and pediatric specialists (ratio, 1:5) had the lowest ratio, and shoulder (ratio, 1:152) and sports (ratio, 1:98) specialists the highest. The total number of surgical hours among all specialties was 59,026; of these hours, 3,833 (6.5%) were off-hour. The ratio of off-hour to on-hour surgical hours was 1 to 14. There was a difference in proportion of hours worked off-hour among orthopedic subspecialties; the ratios were greatest for trauma (1:5) and hand (1:5) specialists and the least for shoulder (1:157) and sports (1:92) specialists. Seven percent of hand surgery cases were off-hour, and 16% of the total surgical hours worked by hand surgeons were off-hour. Conclusions In an urban, academic, level 1 trauma and microvascular replantation regional referral hospital, there is a large difference in off-hour surgical volume and duration among orthopedic subspecialties: trauma, pediatric, and hand surgeons performed more off-hour work than their colleagues, with hand and pediatric surgeons the most likely to be working at night. Clinical relevance These data can inform how we organize, value, and incentivize off-hour care.
Bacterial Flora of Fish from Tropical Sea Water.

Five lots of fish were examined microbiologically for aerobic plate count at 10 and 30 C. coliform and enterococcus counts, presence of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus and genera of bacteria appearing on the aerobic plates. After initial analyses. fish were stored in ice, held there for a week and then aerobic plate counts and isolation of colonies for identification as to genus were done again. Aerobic plate counts ranged from 104 to 107 per gram of skin at the beginning of storage in ice and increased to 106 to 109 per gram at the end of 7 days of storage. Coliforms and enterococci were found in fresh fish but no S. aureus was detected. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for about half of the bacteria on fresh fish, predominated as spoilage advanced and eventually formed the major part of the flora. Pseudomonas , Moraxella and Alcaligenes were the principal genera of gram-negative bacteria at the end of storage.
Homogenizing Advanced Alloys: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Simulations Followed by Experimental Results

Segregation of solute elements occurs in nearly all metal alloys during solidification. The resultant elemental partitioning can severely degrade as-cast material properties and lead to difficulties during post-processing (e.g., hot shorts and incipient melting). Many cast articles are subjected to a homogenization heat treatment in order to minimize segregation and improve their performance. Traditionally, homogenization heat treatments are based upon past practice or time-consuming trial and error experiments. Through the use of thermodynamic and kinetic modeling software, NETL has designed a systematic method to optimize homogenization heat treatments. Use of the method allows engineers and researchers to homogenize casting chemistries to levels appropriate for a given application. The method also allows for the adjustment of heat treatment schedules to fit limitations on in-house equipment (capability, reliability, etc.) while maintaining clear numeric targets for segregation reduction. In this approach, the Scheil module within Thermo-Calc is used to predict the as-cast segregation present within an alloy, and then diffusion controlled transformations is used to model homogenization kinetics as a function of time and temperature. Examples of computationally designed heat treatments and verification of their effects on segregation and properties of real castings are presented.
Imaging of autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an uncommon, chronic inflammatory, and relapsing liver disease of unknown origin that may lead to liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, or death. AIH occurs in all age groups and races but can frequently manifest as acute fulminant hepatitis. Clinical presentation of AIH can have features similar to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and these diseases may coexist leading to overlap syndromes. Although histological diagnosis is necessary, imaging features often can demonstrate characteristics that may be helpful to distinguish these diseases. Imaging features of AIH are those of chronic liver disease, and imaging plays important role in detection of complications and ruling out other possible causes of chronic liver disease. Emerging techniques such as elastography provide non-invasive options for diagnosis of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis during clinical follow-up as well as assessment of response to treatment. In this study, we will describe imaging findings in AIH and overlap syndromes.
Electrochemical Capture and Release of Carbon Dioxide

Understanding the chemistry of carbon dioxide is key to affecting changes in atmospheric concentrations. One area of intense interest is CO2 capture in chemically reversible cycles relevant to carbon capture technologies. Most CO2 capture methods involve thermal cycles in which a nucleophilic agent captures CO2 from impure gas streams (e.g., flue gas), followed by a thermal process in which pure CO2 is released. Several reviews have detailed progress in these approaches. A less explored strategy uses electrochemical cycles to capture CO2 and release it in pure form. These cycles typically rely on electrochemical generation of nucleophiles that attack CO2 at the electrophilic carbon atom, forming a CO2 adduct. Then, CO2 is released in pure form via a subsequent electrochemical step. In this Perspective, we describe electrochemical cycles for CO2 capture and release, emphasizing electrogenerated nucleophiles. We also discuss some advantages and disadvantages inherent in this general approach.
Rapid Detection of Microbial Contamination Using a Microfluidic Device

A portable kinetics fluorometer is developed to detect viable cells which may be contaminating various samples. The portable device acts as a single-excitation, single-emission photometer that continuously measures fluorescence intensity of an indicator dye and plots it. The slope of the plot depends on the number of colony forming units per milliliter. The device uses resazurin as the indicator dye. Viable cells reduce resazurin to resorufin, which is more fluorescent. Photodiode is used to detect fluorescence change. The photodiode generated current proportional to the intensity of the light that reached it, and an op-amp is used in a transimpedance differential configuration to ensure amplification of the photodiode's signal. A microfluidic chip is designed specifically for the device. It acts as a fully enclosed cuvette, which enhances the resazurin reduction rate. In tests, the E. coli-containing media are injected into the microfluidic chip and the device is able to detect the presence of E. coli in LB media based on the fluorescence change that occurred in the indicator dye. The device provides fast, accurate, and inexpensive means to optical detection of the presence of viable cells and could be used in the field in place of more complex methods, i.e., loop-meditated isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP) to detect bacteria in pharmaceutical samples (Jimenez et al., J Microbiol Methods 41(3):259-265, 2000) or measuring the intrinsic fluorescence of the bacterial or yeast chromophores (Estes et al., Biosens Bioelectron 18(5):511-519, 2003).
Human Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Dendritic Cell Maturation

Evolution of melanoma from a primary tumor to widespread metastasis is crucially dependent on lymphatic spread. The mechanisms regulating the initial step in metastatic dissemination via regional lymph nodes remain largely unknown however evidence supporting the establishment of a pre-metastatic niche is evolving. We have previously described a dysfunctional immune profile including reduced expression of DC maturation markers in the first node draining from the primary tumor, the sentinel lymph node (SLN). Importantly, this phenotype is present prior to evidence of nodal metastasis. Herein, we evaluate melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential mediators of the pre-metastatic niche through cargo-specific polarization of dendritic cells (DCs). Matured in vitro in the presence of melanoma EVs, DCs show significantly impaired expression of co-stimulatory markers CD83 and CD86 compared to liposome treated DCs as well as decreased expression of Th1 polarizing cytokines Flt3L and IL15 and migration chemokines MIP1α and MIP1β. Profiling of melanoma EV cargo identified shared proteomic and RNA signatures including S100A8 and S100A9 protein cargo which in vitro compromised DC maturation similar to melanoma EVs. Early evidence demonstrates similar EVs can be isolated from human afferent lymphatic fluid ex vivo. Taken together, here we propose melanoma EV cargo as a mechanism by which DC maturation is compromised warranting further study to consider this as a potential mechanism enabled by the primary tumor to establish the pre-metastatic niche in tumor-draining SLNs of patients.
Suited to Serve: The Antecedents and Perceptions of Public Service Motivation in National Service

While research suggests that public service motivation may be a dynamic trait in individuals, particularly early in their careers, other recent research has found that PSM may be relatively stable ...
Understanding health care provider barriers to hospital affiliated medical fitness center facility referral: a questionnaire survey and semi structured interviews.

The purpose of this study is to understand health care provider barriers to referring patients to Medical Fitness Center Facilities within an affiliated teaching hospital system using referral of diabetic services as an example. The aims of this study include: (1) to assess health care providers’ awareness and use of facilities, (2) to determine barriers to referring patients to facilities, (3) identify current and needed resources and/or changes to increase referral to facilities. A 20-item electronic survey and requests for semi-structured interviews were administered to hospital system directors and managers (n = 51). Directors and managers instructed physicians and staff to complete the survey and interviews as applicable. Perceived barriers, knowledge, utilization, and referral of patients to Medical Fitness Center Facilities were collected and examined. Descriptive statistics were generated regarding practice characteristics, provider characteristics, and referral. Of the health care providers surveyed and interviewed (n = 25) 40% indicated verbally suggesting use of facilities, 24% provided a flyer about the facilities. No respondents indicated that they directly referred patients to the facilities. However, 16% referred patients to other locations for physical activity - including their own department’s management and prevention services. 20% do not refer to Medical Fitness Center Facilities or any other lifestyle programs/locations. Lack of time (92%) and lack of standard guidelines and operating procedures (88%) are barriers to referral. All respondents indicated a strong ability to refer patients to Medical Fitness Center Facilities if given education about referral programs available as well as standard clinical guidelines and protocol for delivery. The results of this study indicate that, although few healthcare providers are currently referring patients to Medical Fitness Center Facilities, health care providers with an affiliated Medical Fitness Center Facility not only want clinical standard guidelines, protocol, and training to refer patients to Medical Fitness Center Facilities, but believe they have the ability to increase referral if given these tools. The Medical Fitness Association has a unique opportunity to bridge health care providers to Medical Fitness Center Facilities by developing clinical practice guidelines in cooperation with the American Diabetes Association.
Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery Still an Open Debate

Abstract Many would think that today minimally invasive surgery is the standard of care in the United States and that the conventional “open” approach would be relegated to few complex procedures or difficult redo operations. However, a great variability still exists in the utilization of laparoscopic surgery in the United States. This variability in surgical care of common diseases raises important ethical and economic issues and warrants a serious look by healthcare providers, insurance companies, and patients.
Evidence-based pediatric asthma interventions and outcome measures in a healthy homes program: An integrative review.

Objective: Asthma disproportionately impacts and has poorer outcomes in low-income, minority, and inner-city children. The home environment has a profound impact on a child's asthma. Home-based ast...
Vegetation boundary detection: A comparison of two approaches applied to field data

We examined and compared two approaches to vegetation boundarydetermination by applying them to field data collected from Betsch Fen, analkaline wetland in Ohio, USA. Two boundary detection methods were used to testhypothesized boundary locations determined through field observations: gradientanalysis by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and the moving split-window(MSW) technique. These two methods represent approaches suggested by vegetationanalysis and landscape ecological literature, respectively. DCA was moresuccessful in detecting vegetation changes at the community level, but it wasoften difficult to extrapolate this information to a landscape context. Incontrast, MSW detected changes at a landscape level which overestimated minorshifts in species composition at the community level. Although results from MSWwere more easily interpretable, neither method completely confirmedhypothesizedboundary locations derived from field reconnaissance and aerial photo analysis.While DCA and MSW can be used in conjunction to provide maximum information onboundary location and ecological significance, this would be unrealistic inpractical applications because of the time and effort required to do bothsimultaneously. We suggest an approach using primarily MSW principles, whichtake into consideration community-level information and optimum sampling plotplacement and spacing.
Stimulation or activation of eosinophils in vivo during eosinophilia: possible role of arachidonic acid metabolism.

Eosinophil leukocytes obtained from the blood of patients with eosinophilia (EE), are abnormal which compared with eosinophils obtained from normal individuals (NE). Such EE have repeatedly been observed to contain variable numbers of vacuoles, reduced numbers of granules (suggesting some degree of degranulation in vivo) and increased segmentation of nuclear lobes (1). These morphologic abnormalities have suggested that eosinophils might be stimulated by a response to the pathologic process causing the eosinophilia. Such stimulation could lead to augmented (activated) or suppressed (deactivated or exhausted) responses of EE to subsequent stimuli. However, there have been few studies of biochemical, physiologic or functional comparisons between such EE and NE. Indeed, nearly all studies of eosinophil physiology have relied upon EE, as such cells have proven easier to purify in vitro and have provided the quantity of eosinophils necessary for most techniques available for examination of leukocyte physiology and function in vitro.
Scanning DMA Data Analysis I. Classification Transfer Function

The scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (SEMS; also known as the scanning mobility particle sizer, SMPS) enables rapid particle size distribution measurements with a differential mobility ana...
Evaluation protocol to assess maternal and child health outcomes using administrative data: a community health worker home visiting programme.

Introduction Emerging evidence suggests community health workers (CHWs) delivering preventive maternal and child health (MCH) interventions through home visiting improve several important health outcomes, including initiation of prenatal care, healthy birth weight and uptake of childhood immunisations. Methods and analysis The Arizona Health Start Program is a behavioral-based home visiting intervention, which uses CHWs to improve MCH outcomes through health education, referral support, and advocacy services for at-risk pregnant and postpartum women with children up to 2 years of age. We aim to test our central hypothesis that mothers and children exposed to this intervention will experience positive health outcomes in the areas of (1) newborn health; (2) maternal health and healthcare utilisation; and (3) child health and development. This paper outlines our protocol to retrospectively evaluate Health Start Program administrative data from 2006 to 2015, equaling 15 576 enrollees. We will use propensity score matching to generate a statistically similar control group. Our analytic sample size is sufficient to detect meaningful programme effects from low-frequency events, including preterm births, low and very low birth weights, maternal morbidity, and differences in immunisation and hospitalisation rates. Ethics and dissemination This work is supported through an inter-agency contract from the Arizona Department of Health Services and is approved by the University of Arizona Research Institutional Review Board (Protocol 1701128802, approved 25 January 2017). Evaluation of the three proposed outcome areas will be completed by June 2020.
In-Person Caretaker Visits Disrupt Ongoing Discomfort Behavior in Hospitalized Equine Orthopedic Surgical Patients

Horses have evolved to show little indication of discomfort or disability when in the presence of potential predators, including humans. This natural characteristic complicates the recognition of pain in equine patients. It has been our clinical impression that, whenever a person is present, horses tend to "perk up" and ongoing discomfort behavior (DB) more or less ceases. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate and describe this effect. For each of 20 orthopedic surgical patients, continuous 24-h video was reviewed to record all occurrences of DB during a caretaker visit (3.23 to 7.75 min), for comparison to the hour preceding as well as the hour following when undisturbed. The mean ± S.E. DB observed per minute during the preceding and following hours, respectively, were 1.65 ± 0.17 and 1.49 ± 0.22. The difference was not significant (p > 0.05). In contrast, mean DB per minute during the visit was 0.40 ± 0.11. This was significantly lower than during both the preceding and following hours (p < 0.0001). All 20 patients expressed fewer observable DB per minute during the visit, with a mean reduction of 77.4% ± 0.17%. For 30% of these patients, ongoing DB ceased altogether during the visit. These findings confirm our clinical impression that caretaker visits interrupt DB, resulting in under-appreciation of discomfort.
The Explosion and Progenitor Properties of Type IIP Supernovae Inferred from MESA and STELLA Modeling

The progenitors of Type IIP supernovae (SNe) are known to be red supergiants, but their properties are not well determined. We employ hydrodynamical modeling to investigate the explosion characteristics of eight Type IIP SNe and the properties of their progenitor stars. We create evolutionary models using the MESA stellar evolution code, explode these models, and simulate the optical light curves using the STELLA code. We fit the optical light curves, Fe II 5169 A velocity, and photospheric velocity to the observational data. Our fits give a progenitor ZAMS mass of <19 M☉ for seven of the SNe. Where previous progenitor mass estimates exist from various sources, such as hydrodynamical modeling, multiwavelength observations, or semianalytic calculations, our modeling generally tends toward the lower-mass values. We are unable to fit one event, SN 2015ba well, but our best fit indicates a progenitor mass closer to 24 M☉.
Contralateral approach to transverse-sigmoid sinus stenting.

IntroductionEndovascular dural venous sinus stenting (DVSS) has emerged as a safe and effective therapy for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in patients with transverse-sinus stenosis ass...
Efficacy of EUS-RFA in pancreatic tumors: Is it ready for prime time? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) can be used in patients with unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of EUS-RFA in treatment of locally advanced unresectable PDAC and other pancreatic tumors. Patients and methods A comprehensive search was done of multiple electronic databases and conference proceedings including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science databases, Google Scholar and manual search of references (from inception through May 2019) to identify the studies reporting use of EUS-RFA for pancreatic lesions. The primary outcome was to evaluate technical and clinical success of the procedure. The secondary outcome was to study overall adverse events (AEs). Results Thirteen studies reporting 165 EUS-RFA procedures on 134 patients were included. Of 134 patients, 27.94 % (38) had unresectable locally advanced PDAC, 40 % (53) had PNETs, 3 % (4) had metastasis to the pancreas and 30 % (41) had other lesions. The pooled technical success rate calculated out of the total number of procedures was 100 % (95 % CI [99.18 – 100], I2 = 0 %). The pooled clinical success rate calculated out of the total number of patients was 91.58 % (95 % CI [82.5 – 98.08], I2 = 21.5 %). The pooled overall AE rates were 14.67 % (95 % CI [4.77 – 27.46], I2 = 56.19 %) out of which abdominal pain was the most common with 9.82 % (95 % CI [3.34 – 18.24], I2 = 23.76 %). Low to moderate heterogeneity was noted. Conclusion EUS-RFA has high technical (100 %) and clinical success (91.5 %) rates. Further multicenter trials are needed to further validate our findings.
Isolation and Characterization of Surface Membrane Glycoproteins from Mammalian Cells

Glycoproteins have been reported in surface membranes by many laboratories, and the literature has been reviewed (Cook, 1968; Ginsberg and Neufeld, 1969; Korn, 1969; Winzler, 1970; Ginsberg and Kobata, 1971; Kraemer, 1971; Guidotti, 1972; Sharon and Lis, 1973). Several reviews (Spiro, 1970; Marshall, 1972) and a number of books (Jamieson and Greenwalt, 1969, 1971; Aminoff, 1970; Gottschalk, 1972) concerning glycoproteins in general are available, so this chapter is not designed as a comprehensive treatise on the subject. The literature which is quoted is for the purpose of aiding an experimental approach to define surface membrane glycoproteins. Many of the procedures defined here have been described in detail (Ginsberg, 1972).
Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: A Literature Review and Introduction of a New Diagnostic Method.

Author(s): Takhar, Jaskirat; Doan, Thuy; Gonzales, John A | Abstract: PurposeThe aim of this study was to briefly review the clinical and diagnostic features of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) and to introduce the recent introduction of metagenomic deep sequencing in this ocular lymphomatous disease.Design and methodsReview and description of the process of using metagenomic deep sequencing for ocular specimens at the Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA.ResultsVRL masquerades as a uveitis, but clinical signs of subretinal lesions, and vitritis should prompt the inclusion of VRL in a differential diagnosis. Imaging features such as hyporeflective infiltrative lesions between the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane are compatible with VRL, but diagnosis requires satisfying specific cytopathological and immunohistochemical or molecular features. Diagnosis, then, is subject to the cellularity, viability, and volume of the specimen submitted for these tests. Metagenomic deep sequencing has the ability to detect numerous lymphoma-associated mutations and is able to utilize minute volume samples and cell-free nucleic acid, so is well-suited for ocular tissues.ConclusionsMetagenomic deep sequencing may offer an additional tool in the future with which to diagnose VRL.
Treatment outcome of posttraumatic stress disorder: A white matter tract analysis

Despite the development of empirically supported treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), many individuals remain symptomatic following therapy or dropout prematurely. Neuroimaging studies examining PTSD treatment outcome may offer valuable insights into possible mechanisms that may impact treatment efficacy. To date, few studies of PTSD have used neuroimaging to examine symptom change following completed treatment, and most have focused on gray matter. Studies of white matter are equally important, as changes in white matter integrity (WMI) are connected to a host of detrimental outcomes. The current study examined symptom change of 21 women with PTSD as a result of interpersonal violence who received baseline diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and completed 12 weeks of Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT). After controlling for baseline PTSD severity, fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left internal capsule, posterior limb of the internal capsule, left cingulate gyrus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and splenium of the corpus callosum was predicted by PTSD symptom change. Results contribute to understanding neural changes within therapy and may assist in predicting individual treatment response. Namely, by identifying areas potentially impacted by PTSD treatment, future studies may be able to connect the function of these white matter areas to better predict patient PTSD treatment outcome.
Design of H∞-based Robust Controller for Single-phase Grid-feeding Voltage Source Inverters

This article proposes the design of H ∞ -based robust current controller for single-phase grid-feeding voltage source inverter with an LCL filter. The main objective of the proposed controller is to have good reference tracking, disturbance rejection and sufficient LCL resonance damping under a large range of variations of grid impedance. Based on the aforementioned performance requirements, frequency dependent weighting functions are designed. Subsequently, the sub-optimal control problem is formulated and solved to determine the stabilizing controller. Computational footprint of the controller is addressed for ease-of-implementability on low-cost controller boards. Finally controller hardware-in-the-loop simulations on OPAL-RT are performed in the validation stage to obtain performance guarantees of the controller. The proposed controller exhibits fast response during transients and superior reference tracking, disturbance rejection at steady-state when compared with proportional- and resonant-based current controllers.
AmbiTeam: Providing team awareness through ambient displays

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, research is increasingly conducted remotely without the benefit of informal interactions that help maintain awareness of each collaborator's work progress. We developed AmbiTeam, an ambient display that shows activity related to the files of a team project, to help collaborations preserve a sense of the team's involvement while working remotely. We found that using AmbiTeam did have a quantifiable effect on researchers' perceptions of their collaborators' project prioritization. We also found that the use of the system motivated researchers to work on their collaborative projects. This effect is known as "the motivational presences of others," one of the key challenges that make distance work difficult. We discuss how ambient displays can support remote collaborative work by recreating the motivational presence of others. © 2021 Canadian Information Processing Society. All rights reserved.
Decentralized Federated Learning Framework for the Neighborhood: A Case Study on Residential Building Load Forecasting

The fast-growing trend of Internet of Things (IoT) has provided its users with opportunities to improve user experience such as voice assistants, smart cameras, and home energy management systems. Such smart home applications often require large numbers of diverse training data to accomplish a robust model. As single user may not have enough data to train such a model, users intent to collaboratively train their collected data in order to achieve better performance in such applications, which raise the concern of data privacy protection. Existing approaches for collaborative training need to aggregate data or intermediate model training updates in the cloud to perform load forecasting, which could directly or indirectly cause personal data leakage, alongside with significant communication bandwidth and extra cloud service monetary cost. In this paper, to ensure the performance of smart home applications as well as the protection of user data privacy, we introduce the decentralized federated learning framework for the neighborhood and show the study on residential building load forecasting application as an example. We present PriResi, a privacy-preserved, communication-efficient and cloud-service-free load forecasting system to solve the above problems in a residential building. We first introduce a decentralized federated learning framework, which allows the residents to process all collected data locally on the edge by broadcasting the model updates between the smart home agent in each residence. Second, we propose a gradient selection mechanism to reduce the number of aggregated gradients and the frequency of gradient broadcasting to achieve communication-efficient and high prediction results. The real-word dataset experiments show that our method can achieve 97% of load forecasting accuracy while preserving residences' privacy. We believe that our proposed decentralized federated learning framework can be widely used in other smart home applications as well.
The HELP System in the Intensive Care Units

There is not a separate HELP system “ICU Module.” Rather, HELP operates in the ICUs as it does throughout LDS Hospital. Certain of the HELP modules (e.g., MIB, hemodynamic monitoring, APACHE scoring) are used almost exclusively within the ICU setting. The benefits of the HELP system’s integrated computerized patient database with attendant decision-making capabilities are best realized in the LDS Hospital ICUs with critically ill patients and large volumes of data [1-3]. HELP automatically captures large amounts of diverse patient data (e.g., physiologic patient data automatically captured from patient monitors, computerized nurse charting data, etc.) and reports the data in clinically meaningful ways (e.g., computer-generated reports, automatic computer-generated drug, laboratory, and diagnostic alerts) to assist care-givers in the ICUs. This chapter gives an overview of the impact of the HELP system in the LDS Hospital ICUs.
Is Democratic Mathematics Tracking Possible? Paul Ernest’s Differentiated Curriculum

Tracking is a highly controversial topic in the education literature, and many of these debates have focused specifically on mathematics tracking as a source of inequity. Because of the growth of prestigious and well-paying careers in science and technology, mathematics has become linked to economic prosperity. Vance Martin takes this idea even further, explaining that in our technological information age, those who create and control digital information wield social and economic power. This brings mathematics education to the forefront as a pathway to high-tech careers, and tracking as a potential barrier. Many concerns about equity have been raised, including questions about access to quality education and fair course placement. Paul Ernest, a philosopher of both mathematics and mathematics education, argues that the only democratic option is a differentiated mathematics curriculum based on student choice and career goals. While others have written on the issue of democratic choice in education, most do not consider mathematics specifically. Ernest, on the other hand, provides detailed recommendations for the mathematics curriculum. In this essay, I examine his definition of democratic education and his curricular recommendations for nonmathematicians. I argue that, while his version of mathematics tracking seems attractive at first, it does not satisfy his democratic goals.
A Fully Implanted Intramuscular Bipolar Myoelectric Signal Recording Electrode

Objectives To develop a fully-implanted, intramuscular, bipolar, myoelectric signal recording electrode (IM-MES) for functional electrical stimulation (FES), prosthetic myoelectric control, and other permanently implantable systems.
Accessing the acceptability of IVHS: Some preliminary results

While much of the current research on Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) focuses on its technological aspects and economic benefits, little consideration is being given to the potential non-economic benefits of IVHS to individuals and society and the related issue of acceptability of the system among various user groups. Three stages of research dealing with the non-economic benefits of IVHS and user acceptance are discussed. Next, the results of a recently completed survey exploring these topics are reviewed. Survey findings cover the potential usefulness of various traffic advisories and the willingness of drivers to pay for them. Sentiments of drivers experiencing varying degrees of traffic congestion and stress in their commuting are considered as are feelings about IVHS as a solution to traffic congestion. Finally, implications of findings and directions for future research on user acceptance and non-economic benefits are discussed.
New observations on the substrate specificity of cathepsin C (dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I). Including the degradation of beta-corticotropin and other peptide hormones

Substrate specificity of cathepsin C derived from rat liver, describing polymeric structure and behavior as acidic protein
PLATELET COUNTS AND PLATELET FUNCTION

Determinations of the platelet count, clot retraction, bleeding time, capillary fragility, and coagulation time were made in 64 normal subjects and in 404 patients suffering from various diseases. The normal values for the platelet count done by an experienced technician using the Rees and Ecker method were: mean, 409,000 per cu. mm.; standard deviation, 68,000 per cu. mm.; normal range (M ± 2.σ), 273,000 per cu. mm. to 545,000 per cu. mm. There was a statistically significant relationship between the platelet count and the results of tests of clot retraction, bleeding time, and capillary fragility, but there was no significant relationship between the platelet count and the coagulation time. Factors other than platelet count or platelet function which may influence the results of these tests are discussed. The critical level of the platelet count, below which abnormal bleeding is likely to occur, was found to be approximately 190,000 per cu. mm. in primary thrombocytopenic purpura and 230,000 per cu. mm. in secondary thrombocytopenic purpura. However, platelet counts as low as 100,000 per cu. mm. were found in one patient without abnormal bleeding, and counts as high as 280,000 per cu. mm. were found in another patient with classical primary thrombocytopenic purpura. In all patients in the active phase of bleeding in primary thrombocytopenic purpura and in most with secondary thrombocytopenic purpura, the bleeding time was markedly prolonged and clot retraction was definitely diminished. In approximately one half of the patients suffering from thrombocytopenia without bleeding or from thrombocytopenia complicating other hemorrhagic states, the results of these tests were abnormal. Capillary fragility was increased in approximately three fourths of the patients with primary thrombocytopenic purpura, one half with secondary thrombocytopenic purpura, and less than one half with thrombocytopenia without bleeding or with thrombocytopenia complicating other hemorrhagic states. In the stage of recovery from thrombocytopenic purpura, dissociation of the results of the various tests was sometimes found. In some patients the platelet counts returned to normal hut abnormalities persisted in the tests of the bleeding time, clot retraction, or capillary fragility. In other patients the results of one or all of these tests returned to normal before the platelet count had reached the normal range. These results have been interpreted as evidence of variability in the functional capacity of the platelets.
Grafting: fast, incremental feature selection by gradient descent in function space

We present a novel and flexible approach to the problem of feature selection, called grafting. Rather than considering feature selection as separate from learning, grafting treats the selection of suitable features as an integral part of learning a predictor in a regularized learning framework. To make this regularized learning process sufficiently fast for large scale problems, grafting operates in an incremental iterative fashion, gradually building up a feature set while training a predictor model using gradient descent. At each iteration, a fast gradient-based heuristic is used to quickly assess which feature is most likely to improve the existing model, that feature is then added to the model, and the model is incrementally optimized using gradient descent. The algorithm scales linearly with the number of data points and at most quadratically with the number of features. Grafting can be used with a variety of predictor model classes, both linear and non-linear, and can be used for both classification and regression. Experiments are reported here on a variant of grafting for classification, using both linear and non-linear models, and using a logistic regression-inspired loss function. Results on a variety of synthetic and real world data sets are presented. Finally the relationship between grafting, stagewise additive modelling, and boosting is explored.
Marginal Zinc Status Does Not Exacerbate Pancreatic Carcinogenesis Associated with Dietary Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor Concentrate in Rats

Although the etiology of pancreatic cancer is largely unknown, diet-associated factors may play a role. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (14 d of age) were given a single injection of either saline or azaserine and were weaned (21 d) to diets with either adequate (30 micrograms/g) or low (9 micrograms/g) zinc, with or without 1.0 g/100 g active trypsin inhibitor in the form of soybean trypsin inhibitor concentrate. Experimental diets were fed for 14 wk. Regardless of dietary zinc status, diets with soybean trypsin inhibitor concentrate caused hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy of the pancreas. Pancreatic zinc content was not different among groups. Low dietary zinc levels did not affect total body growth rate or serum zinc concentration. Tibia zinc was also used as an indicator of zinc status. Tibia zinc concentration was lower in rats fed diets low in zinc relative to adequate zinc diets. Azaserine-induced acidophilic foci were larger and more numerous when soybean trypsin inhibitor concentrate was present in the diet regardless of dietary zinc level. Thus, low zinc does not exacerbate the soybean trypsin inhibitor concentrate effects that promote pancreatic cancer.
The Case for Interactionism in Language Processing.

Abstract : Interactive models of language processing assume that information flows both bottom-up and top-down, so that the representations formed at each level may be influenced by higher as well as lower levels. I describe a framework called the interactive activation framework that embeds this key assumption among others, including the assumption that influences from different sources are combined non-linearly. This non-linearity means that information that may be decisive under some circumstances have little or no effect under other conditions. Two attempts to rule out an interactive account in favor of models in which individual components of the language processing system act autonomously are considered in light of the interactive activation framework. In both cases, the facts are as expected from the principles of interactive activation. In general, existing facts do not rule out an interactive account, but they do not require one either. To demonstrate that more definitive tests of interaction are possible. I describe an experiment that demonstrates a new kind of influence of a higher level factor (lexical membership) a lower level of processing (phoneme identification). The experiment illustrates one reason why feedback from higher levels is computationally desirable; it allows lower levels to be tuned by contextual factors so that they can supply more accurate information to higher levels.
Terminológia a szoftveriparban

A tanulmany egy nagy, nemzetkozi szamitastechnikai vallalat terminologiai rendszerenek kialakitasat vazolja. Elsősorban az altalanos ervenyű celokat es az eleresuk erdekeben kifejlesztett gyakorlati eljarasokat mutatja be. A globalizacios folyamatok ma mar a gazdasag, a tarsadalom es a kultura szinte minden tevekenysegi formajat erintik, ezert egyre nagyobb jelentősege lesz a nyelvek es kulturak kozotti megertest segitő honositasnak, idegen szoval, a lokalizacionak. Politikai es gazdasagi erdekek menten sokszorosan megosztott vilagunkban a helyes alapelvek szerint, a forditas es a honositas sajatos szempontjait is szemmel tarto, modern eszkozokkel vegzett terminologiai munka alapfeltetele a szakemberek sikeres kommunikaciojanak. Az IBM terminologiai rendszerenek rovid ismertetese kiter a forrasnyelvi es celnyelvi terminologia kozti kulonbsegekre, es a terminologiai adatbazisok szamitogepes eszkoztarara.
What's So Private about Private Ordering?

Private ordering—i.e., development of extralegal forums and forms of dispute processing by nonhierarchical groups—has preoccupied legal economists for nearly three decades. According to the prevailing analysis, private orders grow in socially-flat market communities without any intervention by the state. This article challenges the received view on two fronts: First, it establishes a causal connection between the development of private orders and a social hierarchy. Second, the article demonstrates that the state often intentionally assumes a proactive role in the creation of these orders. To illustrate this two-pronged theory of private ordering, this article offers a detailed analysis of three well-known cases that have been considered prototypes of private ordering by market communities: the Diamond Dealers Club of New York, the kibbutz in Israel, and ranch owners in Shasta County, California. Finally, the article argues for a need to re-evaluate the feasibility and desirability of private ordering and privatization of law.
Selective Translational Control of the Alzheimer Amyloid Precursor Protein Transcript by Iron Regulatory Protein-1

Iron influx increases the translation of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) via an iron-responsive element (IRE) RNA stem loop in its 5'-untranslated region. Equal modulated interaction of the iron regulatory proteins (IRP1 and IRP2) with canonical IREs controls iron-dependent translation of the ferritin subunits. However, our immunoprecipitation RT-PCR and RNA binding experiments demonstrated that IRP1, but not IRP2, selectively bound the APP IRE in human neural cells. This selective IRP1 interaction pattern was evident in human brain and blood tissue from normal and Alzheimer disease patients. We computer-predicted an optimal novel RNA stem loop structure for the human, rhesus monkey, and mouse APP IREs with reference to the canonical ferritin IREs but also the IREs encoded by erythroid heme biosynthetic aminolevulinate synthase and Hif-2α mRNAs, which preferentially bind IRP1. Selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension analysis was consistent with a 13-base single-stranded terminal loop and a conserved GC-rich stem. Biotinylated RNA probes deleted of the conserved CAGA motif in the terminal loop did not bind to IRP1 relative to wild type probes and could no longer base pair to form a predicted AGA triloop. An AGU pseudo-triloop is key for IRP1 binding to the canonical ferritin IREs. RNA probes encoding the APP IRE stem loop exhibited the same high affinity binding to rhIRP1 as occurs for the H-ferritin IRE (35 pm). Intracellular iron chelation increased binding of IRP1 to the APP IRE, decreasing intracellular APP expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Functionally, shRNA knockdown of IRP1 caused increased expression of neural APP consistent with IRP1-APP IRE-driven translation.
Percutaneous biopsy of renal cell carcinoma underestimates nuclear grade.

Objectives To assess the accuracy of renal biopsy for predicting the final nuclear grade and histologic subtype. Small renal masses can be safely observed in select patients who are poor surgical candidates. Renal biopsy may help identify patients who are candidates for observation. Methods A total of 81 patients (29 female, 52 male) underwent percutaneous biopsy of their renal mass with ultrasound or computed tomography guidance. Percutaneous 18-gauge biopsy cores were obtained, and all patients subsequently underwent radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy. Preoperative biopsy results were compared with postoperative specimens. Results The mean tumor size was 5.3 cm (range, 1-17). Overall, biopsy correctly identified 71 of 81 (88%) histologic subtypes. The preoperative biopsy correctly identified 62 of 64 (97%) clear cell renal carcinomas, 9 of 10 (90%) papillary carcinomas, 0 of 3 (0%) chromophobe carcinomas, and 1 of 2 (50%) oncocytomas. The final pathologies for 2 nondiagnostic biopsies were clear cell renal carcinoma and inflammatory pseudotumor. For 67 tumors, the pathologists assigned a nuclear grade for both the biopsy and the final specimen. The biopsy correctly identified 29 of 67 (43%) final nuclear grades. The biopsy underestimated the nuclear grade in 37 of 67 (55%) cases. In 7 of 67 (10%) cases, the biopsy nuclear grade increased by 2 when compared with the final grade. The biopsy rarely overestimated the nuclear grade; 1 case (1%) that was assigned a grade 2 on biopsy was assigned a grade 1 after nephrectomy. Conclusions Core biopsies for renal masses underestimate nuclear grade in most cases; however, histologic subtype is more reliably assessed, particularly for clear cell renal tumors.