cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Karst-Controlled Reservoir Heterogeneity in Ellenburger Group Carbonates of West Texas: Discussion (1)

A discussion is presented on a paper by Charles Kerans (AAPG Bull. 1988). The paper dealt with karst-associated porosity and hydrocarbon reservoir heterogenity in Ellengurger (Lower Ordovician) carbonates in the Permian basin of west Texas. The purpose of this paper is not to dispute the model presented by Kerans, but instead to present some alternative models of reservoir occurrence that are not considered in his paper and that are also widely applicable to the Ellenburger and correlative strata in the Mid-Continent. The discussion is based on regional lithostratigraphy and subsurface mapping studies of the Ellenburger in the southern Midland basin, specifically in Irion, Reagan, Crockett, Schleicher, and Sterling counties (Texas).
Stereochemical Investigations of the Mechanism of C−H Bond Activation. Diastereomeric and Isotopic Scrambling in (Hydrido)alkyliridium Complexes

The diastereomeric complexes (RS),(SR)-((2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)(Cp{sup *})(PMe{sub 3})IrH) (2a) and (RR),(SS)-((2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)(Cp{sup *})(PMe{sub 3})IrH) (2b) and their {alpha}-deuterated analogues (2a-{alpha}{sub d{sub 1}}, 2b-{alpha}{sub d{sub 1}}) were synthesized in racemic form and separated by low-temperature ({minus}80 C) column chromatography. Thermolysis (140 C) of diastereomerically pure 2a or 2b in C{sub 6}D{sub 6} results in its interconversion to the other diastereomer. Thermolysis of the deuterium-labeled analogues 2a-{alpha}{sub d{sub 1}} and 2b-{alpha}{sub d{sub 1}} results additionally in scrambling of deuterium from the {alpha}-position of the dimethylcylopropyl ring to the metal hydride position. Diastereomer interconversion and isotopic scrambling occur at similar rates, which are faster than the rate observed for the reductive elimination of dimethylcyclopropane and subsequent oxidative addition of C{sub 6}D{sub 6}. Quantitative analysis of these rate data is reported. The similarity of these rates is discussed in terms of a common intermediate mechanism involving a metal alkane (or {sigma}-alkane) complex. This mechanism is used as a basis for comparison of the rearrangement processes in the current iridium system and the previously reported analogous rhodium system.
Neuropeptides and sexual behaviour.

Abstract Many neuropeptides are involved in the control of sexual behaviour at the central level. Among these, the most studied are adrenocorticotropin, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, oxytocin and opioid peptides. This attempt to review old and new neuropharmacological, biochemical and psychobiological studies in this field, shows that all these neuropeptides apparently facilitate sexual behaviour, except for opioid peptides, which inhibit sexual performance, in most of the species studied so far (rats, mice, monkeys and humans). However, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, corticotropin releasing factor, neuropeptide Y, galanin, cholecystokinin, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide may be also involved in the control of sexual behaviour. Apparently, corticotropin releasing factor, neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin inhibit, while substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide facilitate, sexual behaviour. In contrast, gonadotropin-releasing hormone has been reported to exert a facilitative, inhibitory or no effect at all on sexual behaviour. Galanin was also shown either to facilitate or inhibit sexual behaviour. The above-mentioned putative role of the neuropeptides in sexual behaviour derives mainly from studies done in rats. In these studies, neuropeptides, their antisera or drugs that act as agonists or antagonists of neuropeptide receptors, were tested for their effect on sexual behaviour after systemic, intracerebroventricular, or intracerebral administration. The latter were infused into brain areas relevant for sexual behaviour, such as the medial preoptic area, and the ventromedial and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. The above studies show that little information is available on the mechanisms by which neuropeptides influence sexual behaviour. Also unclear is whether the above neuropeptides influence the anticipatory phase (sexual arousal and/or motivation) or the consummatory phase (performance) of sexual behaviour, except for opioid peptides. New information about the role of neuropeptides may come from the application of molecular biology and genetic manipulation techniques to the study of sexual behaviour. Of these, FOS protein determination, antisense oligonucleotides aimed at the neutralisation of neuropeptide and/or neuropeptide receptor mRNAs in specific brain areas, and gene ablation seem the most promising. Although still in the early stages, it is likely that these methodologies will provide new insights into the role of neuropeptides in the control of sexual behaviour.
Neurologic symptoms during coughing paroxysms in cystic fibrosis

Chez 4 patients, on note des troubles de la conscience, des cephalees, des troubles de la vue, des paresthesies, des troubles de la parole et des mouvements anormaux
Elevated serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with preeclampsia

Objective To determine whether altered levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, and whether VEGF mediates the endothelial cell activation that is involved in the pathogenesis of the clinical syndrome. Methods In a cross-sectional study, maternal serum samples in late pregnancy (at the time of clinical disease) were collected from 78 nulliparous women. These subjects were subdivided into those with preeclampsia ( n = 27), nonproteinuric pregnancy-induced hypertension ( n = 15), and normal pregnant women ( n = 36). In a nested case-control study, in addition to samples taken before delivery, samples were obtained in early pregnancy (before clinical disease) and 24–48 hours postpartum from 12 of the patients with preeclampsia, 12 of those with nonproteinuric pregnancyinduced hypertension, and 12 of the normal pregnant subjects. Umbilical cord blood was sampled from 14 of the preeclamptic and 16 of the normal pregnant subjects. We measured VEGF levels in all samples using an immunofluorometric assay. Results In most samples collected before delivery, VEGF levels were below the lower limit of detection. However, the proportion of detectable levels was higher in the preeclampsia group (seven of 27) than in the normotensive group (one of 36, P Conclusion Serum VEGF levels were elevated in patients with preeclampsia, which suggests that the growth factor has a role in the endothelial cell activation that occurs in the disease.
A certification program for photovoltaic modules

Abstract A brief discussion of the basic concepts of product certification is presented followed by a discussion of the prerequisites for a proposed certification program for photovoltaic modules. One independent approved laboratory would serve as the certifier for the program and additional laboratories would be approved if this was warranted by a demand for additional testing services. If the module certification program eventually needs a large number of laboratories for this type of testing, the approved laboratory program should be replaced by an accreditation program such as the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce.
Simulation methodology: Lessons of the Past, Challenges for the Future

This panel discussion is patterned after a similar session held at the recent Annual Meeting of the Society for General Systems Research, held in Detroit (May, 1983). The objective of that panel session was to raise the level of awareness of systems researchers regarding the role of modelling and simulation as a key tool in systems methodologies. Audience reaction to the session was intense and generated much debate. Consequently, the idea arose of presenting a matching version to the simulation community. It will be interesting to compare reactions emerging from the different perspectives of systems research and simulation modelling practice. For interested readers, the panel contributions are being expanded and deepened by the authors to take the form of articles for publication in the post proceedings of the Detroit SGSR meeting and the journal Behavioral Science.The current panel discussion aims to examine the methodology of current practice, and from this base, go on to point out the challenges that lie in the near and long term future. The session will consist of an integrated sequence of presentations by simulation methodologists. Beginning with problems and approaches in contemporary large-scale simulation modelling, it will move onto more ambitious computer-supported methodologies under development.
Optical transmission utilizing injection light sources

Although a large amount of work in optical transmission has been accomplished through the use of lasers, modern developments have enabled noncoherent light sources also to be used in this area with great success. In particular, injection light sources?in the form of the coherent injection laser and the noncoherent light-emitting diode (LED)?offer designers of optical transmission systems characteristics that are in many ways superior to those of other methods. The present article deals essentially with how injection light sources may be employed to transmit or ``communicate'' information optically. Such optical techniques can be used not only in communication systems, in the classic RF sense, but in computer, video, telemetry, and detection systems as well.
Suitability of Thoracic Cytology for New Therapeutic Paradigms in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma: High Accuracy of Tumor Subtyping and Feasibility of EGFR and KRAS Molecular Testing

Introduction: The two essential requirements for pathologic specimens in the era of personalized therapies for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) are accurate subtyping as adenocarcinoma (ADC) versus squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and suitability for EGFR and KRAS molecular testing. The aim of this study was to comprehensively review the performance of cytologic specimens for the above two goals in a high-volume clinical practice. Methods: Subtyping of primary lung carcinomas by preoperative cytology was correlated with subsequent resection diagnoses during a 1-year period (n 192). The contribution of various clinicopathologic parameters to subtyping accuracy and utilization of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for NSCLC subtyping were analyzed. In addition, the performance of cytologic specimens submitted for EGFR/KRAS molecular testing during a 1-year period (n 128) was reviewed. Results: Of the 192 preoperative cytology diagnoses, tumor subtype was definitive versus favored versus unclassified in 169 (88%) versus 15 (8%) versus 8 (4%) cases, respectively. Overall accuracy of cytologic tumor subtyping (concordance with histology) was 93% and accuracy of definitive diagnoses 96%. For a group of patients with ADC and SqCC (n 165), the rate of unclassified cytologic diagnoses was 3% and overall accuracy 96%. IHC was used for subtyping of 9% of those cases, yielding 100% accuracy. The strongest predictors of difficulty in subtyping of ADC and SqCC were poor differentiation (p 0.0004), low specimen cellularity (p 0.019), and squamous histology (p 0.003). Of 128 cytologic specimens submitted for molecular testing, 126 (98%) were suitable for analysis, revealing EGFR and KRAS mutations in 31 (25%) and 25 (20%) cases, respectively. Conclusions: Cytologic subtyping of NSCLC is feasible and accurate, particularly when morphologic assessment is combined with IHC. Furthermore, routine cytologic specimens can be successfully used for EGFR/KRAS mutation analysis. Our data strongly support the suitability of cytologic specimens for the new therapeutic paradigms in NSCLC.
Late neurosonographic screening is important to the diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia and ventricular enlargement in preterm infants.

Background. Recent cost-containment strategies suggest limiting screening neurosonograms to the second week of life in premature infants with lower gestational ages ( 30 weeks' gestation comprised 55 of 61 patients without any neurosonograms (90 %), 4 of 11 patients with cPVL (36 %), and 4 of 19 patients with pVE (21 %). Conclusion. Screening neurosonography has declined from 1992 to 1995, particularly in larger premature infants (30–32 weeks' gestation) who remain at risk for cPVL and pVE. Clinical course or results of initial studies do not always predict the development of these late abnormalities. We recommend that one neurosonogram be done at L 4 weeks of age in all premature infants K 32 weeks' gestation, regardless of birth weight, clinical course, or results of prior studies. An earlier neurosonogram should be obtained for infants < 30 weeks' gestation in the second week of life to detect complications of intracranial hemorrhage.
K+ conduction phenomena applicable to the low frequency impedance of squid axon

The observation of peaking in power spectra of K current noise in squid axon (Fishman, H.M., Moore, L.E., Poussart, D.J.M. 1975,J. Membrane Biol.24:305) led to the calculation of a low frequency K conduction feature in the impedance (admittance) which was confirmed (Fishman, H.M., Poussart, D.J.M., Moore, L.E. & Siebenga, E., 1977,J. Membrane Biol.32:255). This paper analyzes two physical phenomena, one within and the other outside of the excitable membrane, that might account for the low frequency impedance (admittance) feature. The accumulation of potassium ions in a space outside the axon in conjunction with diffusion through the Schwann cell layer produces a low-frequency mode that is similar in some respects to that observed experimentally. Alternatively, a hypothetical inactivation process, with a voltage-dependent time constant, associated with conduction in potassium channels gives a better account of the data. Either or both of these phenomena could be involved in producing the low-frequency impedance behavior in the squid axon.
Real time validation of on-line measurements utilizing internal standard introduction

Abstract Validation of analyzer performance in real time has become desirable and sometimes necessary. The use of a real time internal standard for reference to a periodic calibration benchmark can produce valuable confidence for those depending on the analyzer to make important decisions. Just as the temperature, pressure, and flow monitoring devices provide an indication of external performance; the internal standard provides an indication of the system internal performance. It evaluates the sample preparation and measurement devices for stability and repeatability. Several methods of introducing Internal Standards to analyzer systems, ways to utilize the information gained and results of several applications will be presented.
Designing and implementing research on a statewide quality improvement initiative: the DIAMOND study and initiative.

Objective To demonstrate a rigorous methodology that optimally balanced internal validity with generalizability to evaluate a statewide collaborative that implemented an evidence-based, collaborative care model for depression management in primary care. Study design and setting Several operational features of the DIAMOND (Depression Improvement Across Minnesota, Offering a New Direction) Initiative suggested that the DIAMOND Study use a staggered implementation design with repeated cross-sections of patients across clinical settings. A multilevel recruitment strategy elicited virtually complete study participation from the medical groups, clinics, and health plans that coordinated efforts to deliver and reimburse DIAMOND care. Patient identification capitalized on large health plan claims databases to rapidly identify the population of patients newly treated for depression in DIAMOND clinics. Results The staggered implementation design and multilevel recruitment strategy made it possible to evaluate DIAMOND by holding confounding factors constant and accurately identifying an intent-to-treat population of patients treated for depression without intruding on or requiring effort from their clinics. Conclusions Recruitment and data collection from health plans, medical groups and clinics, and patients ensured a representative, intent-to-treat sample of study-enrolled patients. Separating patient identification from care delivery reduced threats of selection bias and enabled comparisons between the treated population and study sample. A key challenge is that intent-to-treat patients may not be exposed to DIAMOND which dilutes the effect size but offers realistic expectations of the impact of quality improvement in a population of treated patients.
Independent regulation of cytochromes and glycolytic enzymes in human fibroblasts.

Growth of cultured human fibroblasts in low oxygen resulted in reciprocal changes in the levels of cytochrome oxidase and several glycolytic enzymes. After five days' growth in low oxygen, cytochrome oxidase specific activity fell to 40% of the level of control cultures, while lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), aldolase, and triose phosphate dehydrogenase (TDH) levels were increased by 2- to 3-fold. These changes were accompanied by a change in the LDH isoenzyme pattern resulting from an increase in the proportion of LDH A subunits; the aldolase electropherogram was unchanged. When fibroblasts were grown for five days in medium containing chloramphenicol, cytochrome oxidase specific activity fell to 10% of control values, but LDH, aldolase and TDH specific activities and LDH and aldolase electropherograms did not differ significantly from controls. These findings are interpreted to indicate that the increased accumulation of LDH, aldolase and TDH induced by low oxygen is not mediated by the rate of accumulation of cytochrome oxidase.
Lexical access-via an orthographic code: The basic orthographic syllabic structure (BOSS)

Five experiments are described which detail both the structure of lexical representations accessed in visual word recognition and the method of parsing words in order to access these representations. All experiments employ the lexical decision task. The first three experiments provide support for the view that the lexical representation of a word is a representation termed here the Basic Orthographic Syllabic Structure (or BOSS) of that word rather than any articulatorily defined structure. The principle for determining the BOSS is based on both orthographic and morphological factors. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrate that words are disrupted more when a division is made in the word according to its pronunciation than when it is made according to its BOSS. It is shown in Experiment 3 that final silent E's are not a part of the lexical representations of words and this is predicted by the BOSS principle. The last two experiments provide evidence for a parsing procedure for retrieval that is a reiterative left-to-right technique whereby lexical searches are made for combinations of letters that begin with the initial letter of the word. The results, in all, support a system of lexical access that is not mediated by phonological encoding.
Semi-Analytic Modelling of Subsidence

This paper presents a forward model for subsidence prediction caused by extraction of hydrocarbons. The model uses combinations of analytic solutions to the visco-elastic equations, which approximate the boundary conditions. There are only a few unknown parameters to be estimated, and, consequently, calculations are very fast. The semi-analytic model is applicable to a uniform and layer-cake stratigraphy, with visco-elastic parameters changing per layer, and an arbitrary depletion pattern. By its capabilities to handle a multi-layered visco-elastic subsurface, the semi-analytic model fills the gap between the analytic single-layered elastic models available to date and the more elaborate numerical, e.g. finite element, models. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
New Method for Computing the Resonant Frequencies of Dielectric Resonators

A new method is developed for accurately predicting resonant frequencies of dielectric resonators used in microwave circuits. By introducing an appropriate approximation in the field distribution outside the resonator, an analytical formulation becomes possible. Two coupled eigenvalue equations thus derived are subsequently solved by a numerical method. The accuracy of the results computed by the present method is demonstrated by comparison with previously published data.
Cells infected with herpes simplex virus induce human monocyte-macrophages to produce interferon.

Abstract Human monocyte-macrophages (M∅) produced interferon when incubated with human fibroblast, Vero cell, or rabbit kidney cell cultures infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV). Induction of M∅ interferon required a 12-hour incubation with the HSV-infected cultures. The interferon produced biologically resembled human leukocyte-derived rather than human fibroblast-derived interferon.
NoC-aware cache design for multithreaded execution on tiled chip multiprocessors

In chip multiprocessors (CMPs), data access latency depends on the memory hierarchy organization, the on-chip interconnect (NoC), and the running workload. Reducing data access latency is vital to achieving performance improvements and scalability of threaded applications. Multithreaded applications generally exhibit sharing of data among the program threads, which generates coherence and data traffic on the NoC.Many NoC designs exploit communication locality to reduce communication latency by configuring special fast paths on which communication is faster than the rest of the NoC. Communication patterns are directly affected by the cache organization. However, many cache organizations are designed in isolation of the underlying NoC or assume a simple NoC design, thus possibly missing optimization opportunities. In this work, we present a NoC-aware cache design that creates a symbiotic relationship between the NoC and cache to reduce data access latency, improve utilization of cache capacity, and improve overall system performance. Specifically, considering a NoC designed to exploit communication locality, we design a Unique Private caching scheme that promotes locality in communication patterns. In turn, the NoC exploits this locality to allow fast access to remote data, thus reducing the need for data replication and allowing better utilization of cache capacity. The Unique Private cache stores the data mostly used by a processor core in its locally accessible cache bank, while leveraging dedicated high speed circuits in the interconnect to provide remote cores with fast access to shared data. Simulations of a suite of scientific and commercial workloads show that our proposed design achieves a speedup of 14% and 16% on a 16-core and a 64-core CMP, respectively, over the state-of-the-art NoC-Cache co-designed system which also exploits communication locality in multithreaded applications.
Degradation of acid dyes by irradiation plus oxidation

Abstract Solutions of Acid Yelow 40, Acid Blue 23, Acid Red 18 and Acid Blue 158, chosen as representatives of acid dyes, were readily decolorized by treatment with sodium hypochlorite and gamma radiation. Decolorization usually occurred more rapidly at pH 4·0 than at pH 6·5 or 8·5. Several transient degradation products were separated by thin layer chromatography at various stages of treatment. No regular pattern of formation of degradation products was observed at any pH or after any particular interval of irradiation.
Metal-insulator and insulator-insulator transitions in the quarter-filled band organic conductors.

The theory of the 2[ital k][sub [ital F]] and 4[ital k][sub [ital F]] instabilities in quarter-filled band organic conductors is revisited. The phase angles of the 2[ital k][sub [ital F]] bond and charge density waves change as electron correlation is turned on, and this switching of the phase angle is critical for understanding the bond distortion patterns in the real materials. Intersite Coulomb interactions in the real materials must be nonzero but less than a critical value. Both intersite and intrasite charge density waves are de- stabilized in the quasi-two-dimensional regime for realistic parameters, explaining the weakening of these phases in the superconducting materials.
Effect of Low Temperature Ion Irradiation on the Microstructure of Nitride Ceramics

Cross-section transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the microstructure of polycrystalline silicon nitride (Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}) and aluminum nitride (AlN) following 2 MeV Si ion irradiation at 80 and 400 K up to a fluence of 4 x 10{sup 20} ions/m{sup 2} (maximum damage of {approximately}10 displacements per atom, dpa). A buried amorphous band was observed at both temperatures in Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} in the region corresponding to the peaks in the implanted ion and displacement damage. From a comparison of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} specimens irradiated at different fluences, it is concluded that the amorphization is primarily controlled by the implanted Si concentration rather than the displacement damage level. Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} amorphization did not occur in regions well-separated from the implanted ions for doses up to at least 3 dpa at 80 K, whereas amorphization occurred in the ion implanted region (calculated Si concentration >0.01 at.%) for damage levels as low as {approximately}0.6 dpa. The volumetric swelling associated with the amorphization of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} is < 10%. Amorphization was not observed in any of the irradiated AIN specimens. A moderate density of small ({approximately}3 nm) defect clusters were observed in the crystalline damaged regions of both the Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} and AIN specimens at both irradiation temperatures. Aligned network dislocations were also observed in the AIN specimen irradiated to high dose at 80 K.
Phospholipase A2 activity in the rat uterus: Modulation by steroid hormones

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), an enzyme which provides free arachidonic acid for the synthesis of prostaglandins (PG), has been studied in the rat uterus under various experimental conditions. Uterine PLA2 activity increased 14 fold in hypophysectomized rats implanted with Silastic capsules containing estradiol-17 beta as compared to those treated with oil vehicle. Dexamethasone treatment reduced the PLA2 activity induced by estrogen by 78%. Hypophysectomized animals treated with progesterone (2mg/day) for 5 days had low levels of uterine PLA2 activity but a single injection of estradiol (10 micrograms/rat) given 24 h after the last injection of progesterone increased activity 5 fold within 12 h. Administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide in the rats treated with progesterone, before and after injection of estradiol, prevented the stimulating action of the estrogen on PLA2 activity. If the estrogen was given at the time of the last injection of progesterone, PLA2 activity did not increase until 22 h late and the level was much less than when progesterone was absent. The results are consistent with the view that estrogen stimulates uterine prostaglandin production because of its effect upon PLA2; this effect can be greatly reduced by a glucocorticoid. Progesterone may modulate the PLA2 stimulating effect of estrogen in order to direct the production of specific PGs by regulating the amount of arachidonic acid available for PG synthetase.
Determinants of the Institutionalization of Planned Organizational Change

A survey of randomly selected employees from a large county government organization was taken to evaluate the extent to which a new performance appraisal system had been institutionalized, that is,...
Studies on the shift in the pH optimum of hepatic microsomal aniline p-hydroxylation following treatment of rats with 3,4-benzpyrene.

Benzpyrene injection in rats is associated with changes in the pH optimum of the hepatic microsomal metabolism in vitro of aniline to p-aminophenol. The shift in pH optimum (upwards from pH 7.0 in controls to as high as pH 8.0 in microsomes from benzpyrene-treated rats) was dependent on substrate concentration; low substrate concentrations totally obscured this change in pH optimum. Phospholipase C treatment in vitro of hepatic microsomes from control rats resulted in a shift in pH optimum of aniline p-hydroxylation similar to that produced by benzpyrene injections (in vivo). Adding hexobarbital to microsomes from control rats also displaced upward the pH optimum of microsomal aniline p-hydroxylation in vitro. Taken together with some proposals and results of others, the present studies lead to the conclusion that the microsomal type I substrate-binding site is involved in determining the pH optimum of a type II substrate (aniline) of the microsomal mixed function oxidase system.
An entropy-based measure of software complexity

It is proposed that the complexity of a program is inversely proportional to the average information content of its operators. An empirical probability distribution of the operators occurring in a program is constructed, and the classical entropy calculation is applied. The performance of the resulting metric is assessed in the analysis of two commercial applications totaling well over 130000 lines of code. The results indicate that the new metric does a good job of associating modules with their error spans (averaging number of tokens between error occurrences). >
responses of rat and chick chondrocytes and rat hepatoma cells to plasma fractions with insulin-like and growth-promoting activities

Abstract Plasma protein Cohn fraction IV-I was extracted and fractionated according tot he memthod of Van Wyk et al. [1], with the omission of the Sephadex G-75 step. the fractionated polypeptides were investigated for insulin-like activity (lipid synthesis and lactate production) and growth-stimulatory activity (DNA synthesis) in three bioassay systems: rat hepatoma cells, and rat and chick chondrocyte suspensions. Binding of each fraction to insulin receptors in isolated plasma membranes was also determined. Three peptide subfractions, with molecular weights ranging from 500 to 20 000, stimulated lipid synthesis, lactate production and DNA synthesis in all three bioassay systems. There were distinct species- and cell-type-specific variations in the quantitative patterns produced byeach subfraction. In contrast, authentic insulin (0.005–0.1 ng/ml) had no effect on DNA and lipid synthesis and lactate oriduction in hepatoma cells and chondrocytes. One of the active subfractions and two relatively inactive fraction displaced insulin from its receptors. These observations indicate that acid-ethanol extracts of plasma contain a variety of peptide factors with insulin-like and growth-promoting effects whose expression in different cell types is modulated by inherent properties of each cell type which are determined genetically presumably. Surface receptors for authenntic insulin do not appear to play an essential role in the insulin-like activities of the isolated plasma fractions.
PROTON-PROTON SCATTERING AND STRONG INTERACTIONS

It is shown that high-energy differential cross section data for proton- proton scattering can be fit by a function that can be understood in terms of a simple model. (C.E.S.)
Analysis of pulsating heat pipe with capillary wick and varying channel diameter

Abstract Variation in channel diameter is investigated as a means of enhancing heat transfer in a pulsating heat pipe with capillary wick using the model presented here. The model is one-dimensional with slug flow where the momentum equation is solved for each liquid slug. The number and mass of liquid slugs are allowed to vary throughout a simulation. The energy equation is solved both in the wall and wick and in the working fluid. The effects of diameter profile, gravity, fill ratio, and heating and cooling schemes can be studied with the model. Results yield similar trends to what has been experimentally observed. Results also indicate that heat transfer can be enhanced when the diameter of the channel is varied along the channel length, thereby providing increased range of heat load capability, less sensitivity to gravity, and in some cases smaller temperature differentials.
Competition or Collaboration?: Head Start Enrollment During the Rapid Expansion of State Pre-kindergarten

Over the past decade states have surpassed the federal Head Start program as the primary public funder of preschool slots. This paper investigates trends in Head Start enrollment in the context of ...
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Effects of Welfare Policies on Early School Readiness and Later Achievement

This study examined whether the effects of employment-based policies on children's math and reading achievement differed for African American, Latino and Caucasian children of welfare receiving parents, and if so, why. Two kinds of employment policies were examined: education-first programs with an emphasis on adult education and job training; and work-first programs with an emphasis on immediate employment. With data from two- and five-year follow-ups in four experimental demonstrations in Grand Rapids, Michigan (N = 591) and Riverside County, California (N = 629), there was evidence of small positive effects of the Grand Rapids and Riverside education-first programs on African American and Latino children's school readiness and math scores. An opposite pattern of effects emerged among Caucasian children. In one of the two sites, we found that Latino parents' higher levels of goals for pursuing their own education appeared to explain why their children benefited to a greater degree from the program than their Caucasian counterparts.
Successful development of chick embryos nourished by yolk-sac perfusion with calcium-low media.

Successful Development of Chick Embryos Nourished by Yolk-Sac Perfusion with Calcium-Low Media
Structurally Characterized Mesostructured Hybrid Surfactant−Inorganic Lamellar Phases Containing the Adamantane [Ge4S10]4- Anion: Synthesis and Properties

The reaction of aqueous solutions of Na4Ge4S10 with various surfactant alkyltrimethylammonium bromide salts yielded new surfactant−inorganic phases containing the adamantane thiogermanate anion [Ge4S10]4-. The resulting [CnH2n+1N(CH3)3]4Ge4S10 phases with n = 12, 14, 16, and 18 crystallize in the triclinic space group P-1 and contain parallel inorganic planes of unconnected [Ge4S10]4- clusters, separated at mesoscopic scale lengths by organic bilayers of interdigitated cationic surfactant chains. These air-stable compounds were characterized by thermal analyses, Raman, far-IR, and solid-state UV−vis reflectance spectroscopy. Their ability to absorb reversibly various alcohols was studied by in-situ X-ray powder diffraction.
Chern Insulators from Heavy Atoms on Magnetic Substrates

We propose searching for Chern insulators by depositing atomic layers of elements with large spin-orbit coupling (e.g., Bi) on the surface of a magnetic insulator. We argue that such systems will typically have isolated surface bands with nonzero Chern numbers. If these overlap in energy, a metallic surface with large anomalous Hall conductivity will result; if not, a Chern-insulator state will typically occur. Thus, our search strategy reduces to looking for examples having the Fermi level in a global gap extending across the entire Brillouin zone. We verify this search strategy and identify several candidate systems by using first-principles calculations to compute the Chern number and anomalous Hall conductivity of a large number of such systems on MnTe, MnSe, and EuS surfaces. Our search reveals several promising Chern insulators with gaps of up to 140 meV.
Sincere and sophisticated players in an equal-income market

Abstract We study the simultaneous direct revelation mechanism associated with each equal-income competitive social choice function in the allocation of objects and money among sincere and strategic agents. Strategic agents take advantage of sincere agents. They non-cooperatively coordinate on the equal-income competitive allocations for the true preferences that are Pareto undominated for them within the set of equal-income competitive allocations. Sincere agents are protected to some extent, however. Their welfare is usually above their maximin payoff.
Maintenance of the gliding surface of tendon autografts in dogs.

To determine whether there are differences in the extent to which the superficial cellular layers remain viable and contribute to the healing process, extra-and intrasynovial hindlimb donor tendons of 12 dogs (24 tendons) were labeled with 3H-thymidine in vitro and transferred to the medial and lateral toes of the forepaw. After transplantation, the distribution and amounts of remaining labeled cells within the healing tendon grafts were determined at 1 and 3 weeks after surgery by scintillation countings and autoradiographic examinations.The two types of tendon grafts showed different turnover rates for the elimination of labeled DNA. At 1 week, 25 percent of labeled DNA remained in the extrasynovial grafts and 65 percent in the intrasynovial grafts. The two types of tendon grafts also showed different healing responses histologically. Autradiographic examinations showed that the majority of labeled cells were located in the periphery of the control tendons and that the numbers of labeled cells within th...
Limits on oral transmission of HIV-1

PIP: This article discusses the potential of acquiring an HIV-1 infection through an oral route, with a view of offering clues for its prevention. In a study of adult animals given low concentration cell-free simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) orally, histological examination suggested that SIV infected lymphoid tissue through the antigen-transporting crypt epithelium rather than through dendritic cells. The investigators found no evidence of acquiring SIV via the gastrointestinal tract. For humans, HIV transmission from saliva or intimate family contact seems to be extremely rare. This could be because of the low concentration of HIV-1 in saliva. A study of 40 people found that significantly less HIV was found in salivary secretions than in plasma. Another possible explanation for inefficient oral transmission might be that HIV-1 in the oropharynx is inhibited by components found in salivary secretions. Conversely, studies have noted that risk of oral transmission of HIV from contaminated breast milk and semen is higher than from saliva. Breast-feeding by an HIV-infected woman puts the baby at substantial risk of infection and receptive fellatio cannot be considered a safe sex act.
Integrated marketing communications: A new master's degree concept

Abstract For years Northwestern University offered separate graduate degree programs in corporate public relations, advertising, and direct marketing. Those programs have been fused into an integrated marketing communications program. The five-quarter program includes a core of new marketing communications planning and management classes, professional specialization classes in corporate public relations, advertising, and direct marketing along with a cluster of MBA-level business classes.
Throughput Regions of Multiple-Access Fading Channels with Markov Arrivals and QoS Constraints

In this paper, throughput regions of multiple-access fading channels are characterized when multiple users, experiencing random data arrivals, transmit to a common receiver under statistical quality of service (QoS) constraints. Random arrivals are modeled as discrete Markov or Markov fluid processes. Different multiple-access transmission strategies, namely time-division multiple access and superposition coding with fixed or variable decoding orders, are considered. For these arrival and transmission models, throughput in terms of maximum average arrival rates is formulated in the presence of buffer constraints, employing the notions of effective bandwidth of time-varying sources and effective capacity of time-varying transmissions. Throughput regions are computed for the two-user case and the impact of source burstiness, buffer constraints, signal-to-noise ratio, and different communication strategies is investigated.
Clinical Reasoning: A 16-year-old girl with fixed unilateral grimace

A 16-year-old girl was referred from the epilepsy clinic for urgent admission to the long-term EEG monitoring unit. She had a prior history of both epileptic and nonepileptic seizures of multiple types, but presented to the clinic for evaluation of a new type of movement, present for 1 month. Over that time period her home antiseizure regimen (levetiracetam and topiramate) had been serially increased with no relief. She described (and demonstrated) a tonic spasm of the right lower face which had a sudden onset and lasted 30–90 seconds. In retrospect, her parents reported small facial twitches which preceded the full-blown spasms by 2 months. These spells appeared to worsen with stress and attention. Short episodes were not painful, but as the episodes became more frequent she developed progressively worsening masseter pain. On the day of admission, she experienced these spasms every 5–10 minutes, more frequently during the examination. Between episodes, her neurologic examination had normal results, with no sensory or motor changes to the face. The video on the Neurology ® Web site at www.neurology.org provides an example. ### Questions for consideration: 1. What is your differential for this facial spasm? 2. How would you evaluate this movement? GO TO SECTION 2 At the top of our differential were true seizures and nonepileptic events, including pseudoseizures. Review of the first day's awake EEG supported our initial clinical suspicion; her facial spasms had no electrographic correlate. On the first morning following admission, we began a discussion with her mother regarding nonepileptic seizures. On that day, the patient had 2 nontraumatic falls which her parents agreed were identical to her previously characterized nonepileptic events. Upon review of her overnight EEG (figure 1), however, we were forced to rethink her presentation and expand our differential. Figure 1 A typical EEG during the facial spasm Overnight EEG illustrating a typical facial spasm. Sleep spindles …
Why Would Anyone Want to Edit an Encyclopedia

The article presents the author's reflections and opinions regarding the process of editing a scholastic encyclopedia. Comments are given discussing the various challenges which face an academic editor. Discussion is also provided outlining the professional benefits and personal rewards inherent in accomplishing the same. Anecdotes are given relating the author's personal experiences producing "The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics," to be published by Wiley-Blackwell in 2012.
The Energies of Multiple X-Ray Ionization of Light Atoms

The assumption is made that the removal of a K electron has the same effect on the energies of the outer electrons of the atom as the increase of the nuclear charge by one unit. The energy for the successive removal of a K electron and an L electron is computed for elements Na to K on this basis. By means of Wentzel's theory and Hjalmar's measurements of the K spark lines ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{3}$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{4}$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{5}$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{6}$, other multiple ionization levels are computed for the elements Na to S. The square roots of the energies ($\sqrt{\frac{\ensuremath{\nu}}{R}}$) for the successive removal of the first, second, and third L electrons plotted against atomic numbers give three parallel straight lines indicating that the removal of the first L electron reduces the screening constant (7.27) for the remaining ones by 0.62, and that the removal of the second one causes a further reduction of 0.65. Similar lines are obtained for the two K electrons, the screening constant (1.5) being reduced 0.16 by the removal of the first one. The energies for the successive removal of two electrons from a helium-like ion made up of a nucleus of charge $Z$ and two electrons are computed for these atoms. The plot indicates that the experimental value of the $K$ absorption limit of phosphorus is in error.
A bootstrap approximation to a unit root test statistic for heavy-tailed observations

Abstract In the context of the AR(1) model with innovations in the domain of attraction of an α-stable law, we develop a residual bootstrap approximation to the distribution of a least-squares estimator of the autoregressive parameter when this parameter is equal to unity. Our procedure requires drawing bootstrap samples of size m
Purification of human basophils by negative selection

Enriched populations of human basophils were prepared using a combination of negative selection techniques. First, a 2-step discontinuous gradient was made using 65% and 55% isotonic Percoll®. Purification of plasma basophils by centrifugation through the gradient increased basophils from 0.96±0.55% to 14.6±7.9% (n = 9). In 5 other experiments a second step was added in which contaminating mononuclear cells were removed using a panning technique. In this technique, Percoll separated cells were treated with anti-T-cell antibodies. Contaminating T-cells were selectively removed by adherence to a petri dish coated with affinity purified goat anti-mouse IgG. Basophil purity was increased to 34±15% using this step. These experiments demonstrated that negative selection techniques can yield an increase in basophil purity 50–100-fold. The purified basophils contained the expected quantity of histamine (1.36–1.54 pg/basophil) and released the same amount of histamine in response to different concentrations of goat anti-human IgE Fc as did unpurified cells.
On the Ramsey number r H+ K n ,K n

Abstract It is shown that for any graph H of order m, n m+1 3(2m log n) m K n, K n ) n m+1 log ( n e) for all sufficiently large n.
Accelerating the reduction in cervical cancer: What can we learn from the Safe Motherhood movement?

Abstract As we move toward the post-2015 development agenda, we should reflect on the accomplishments of the Safe Motherhood movement and derive potential lessons to strengthen programs to reduce the burden of cervical cancer. Five key areas have been the focus of attention over the years: definition of the magnitude and distribution of maternal mortality; identification of effective and feasible clinical solutions; advocacy to increase attention, resources, and commitment; leadership through international coalitions; and development of a framework for accountability, with targets and indicators. While efforts have been made in each of these areas for cervical cancer prevention, progress has been constrained by inadequate resources. Data are of variable quality, with few cancer registries in the countries where cervical cancer is most prevalent. There has been substantial progress in identifying feasible and effective clinical and programmatic interventions, and a growing consensus around meaningful indicators. Advocacy on behalf of cervical cancer prevention has been gaining momentum but leadership is still fragmented. With so many of the basic elements for cervical cancer prevention in place, we must use the lessons learned from the Safe Motherhood movement to accelerate the pace of scaling-up cervical cancer prevention activities, saving millions of women’s lives in the next decade.
Relations of Children’s Effortful Control and Teacher–Child Relationship Quality to School Attitudes in a Low-Income Sample

Research Findings: The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of children's effortful control and quality of relationships with teachers to school attitudes longitudinally in an ethnically diverse and economically disadvantaged sample. Data were collected as part of a larger intervention project during mid-fall, winter, and late spring (ns = 823, 722, and 758, respectively) for 2 cohorts of 3- to 5-year-olds (collected during 2 different school years). Children's effortful control was assessed in the fall with parents' and teachers' reports and 2 behavioral measures. Teacher–child relationship quality was assessed mid-year with teachers' reports of closeness and conflict. Attitudes toward school were assessed in late spring using teachers' and students' reports of school avoidance and liking. Effortful control, in general, was positively correlated with teacher–child closeness and school liking and negatively correlated with conflict and school avoidance. Using structural equation modeling and...