cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Body Mass Index: Comparative Analysis of Monozygotic Twins, Dizygotic Twins and Same-Age Unrelated Siblings

Earlier studies have established that a substantial percentage of variance in obesity-related phenotypes is explained by genetic components. However, only one study has used both virtual twins (VTs) and biological twins and was able to simultaneously estimate additive genetic, non-additive genetic, shared environmental and unshared environmental components in body mass index (BMI). Our current goal was to re-estimate four components of variance in BMI, applying a more rigorous model to biological and virtual multiples with additional data. Virtual multiples share the same family environment, offering unique opportunities to estimate common environmental influence on phenotypes that cannot be separated from the non-additive genetic component using only biological multiples. Data included 929 individuals from 164 monozygotic twin pairs, 156 dizygotic twin pairs, five triplet sets, one quadruplet set, 128 VT pairs, two virtual triplet sets and two virtual quadruplet sets. Virtual multiples consist of one biological child (or twins or triplets) plus one same-aged adoptee who are all raised together since infancy. We estimated the additive genetic, non-additive genetic, shared environmental and unshared random components in BMI using a linear mixed model. The analysis was adjusted for age, age2, age3, height, height2, height3, gender and race. Both non-additive genetic and common environmental contributions were significant in our model (P-values<0.0001). No significant additive genetic contribution was found. In all, 63.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 51.8–75.3%) of the total variance of BMI was explained by a non-additive genetic component, 25.7% (95% CI 13.8–37.5%) by a common environmental component and the remaining 10.7% by an unshared component. Our results suggest that genetic components play an essential role in BMI and that common environmental factors such as diet or exercise also affect BMI. This conclusion is consistent with our earlier study using a smaller sample and shows the utility of virtual multiples for separating non-additive genetic variance from common environmental variance.
Antiepileptic drugs to prevent neural degeneration associated with epilepsy: assessing the prospects for neuroprotection.

With increasing evidence for cumulative adverse effects of seizures in experimental models, human imaging observations and neuropsychological studies, the concept of neuroprotective treatment in epilepsy is beginning to receive attention. This section of the Workshop on New Horizons in the Development of Antiepileptic Drugs (November 28-29, Philadelphia, PA) addressed the rationale for development of neuroprotective treatment in epilepsy. In this review and commentary on the discussion in this section of the Workshop, some of the experimental observations that provide a conceptual basis for neuroprotective therapy in epilepsy are presented. Potentially important factors influencing the assessment of neuroprotective effects, which include genetic background, duration of seizures, effects of previous seizures, timing of intervention relative to seizure occurrence, the necessity of specific, sensitive, long-term outcome measures, and neuroprotection for epileptogenesis vs. consequences of seizures are considered. While there are major challenges in detecting and assessing neuroprotective action in experimental models and at the bedside, efforts to understand how and when injury or seizures produce adverse effects are likely to provide opportunities for new therapeutic approaches that modify epileptogenesis and the consequences of seizures.
Ischemic Stroke Subtypes A Population-Based Study of Functional Outcome, Survival, and Recurrence

Background and Purpose —There is scant population-based information on functional outcome, survival, and recurrence for ischemic stroke subtypes. Methods —We identified all residents of Rochester, Minnesota, with a first ischemic stroke from 1985 through 1989 using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records linkage system. After reviewing medical records and imaging studies, we assigned patients to 4 major ischemic stroke categories based on National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke Data Bank criteria: large-vessel cervical or intracranial atherosclerosis with stenosis (ATH, n=74), cardioembolic (CE, n=132), lacunar (LAC, n=72), and infarct of uncertain cause (IUC, n=164). We used the Rankin disability score to assess functional outcome and the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with bootstrap validation to estimate rates and identify predictors of survival and recurrent stroke among these patients. Results —Rankin disabilities were different across stroke subtypes at the time of stroke and 3 months and 1 year later ( P =0.001). LAC was associated with milder deficits compared with other subtypes. Mean follow-up among the 442 patients in the cohort was 3.2 years. Estimated rates of recurrent stroke at 30 days were significantly different ( P P =0.0006; eg, risk ratio for ATH compared with CE=3.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.3) but not long term ( P =0.07). Four of 25 recurrent strokes within 30 days were procedure-related, each in patients with ATH. Five-year death rates were significantly different ( P P =0.018; eg, risk ratio for ATH compared with cardioembolic=0.47, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.77) but not 30-day survival ( P =0.2). Conclusions —Early recurrence rates for ischemic stroke caused by ATH are higher than those for other subtypes and higher than previous non–population-based studies have reported. Some of the increased risk of early recurrence among patients with ATH may be iatrogenic. Patients with LAC have better poststroke functional status than those with other subtypes. Survival is poorest among those with ischemic stroke with a cardiac source of embolism.
Comparing telemetry and fecal dna sampling methods to quantify survival and dispersal of juvenile pygmy rabbits

Age-specific life-history data are needed to understand animal ecology and inform conservation strategies. We compared telemetry and noninvasive genetic sampling (NGS) as methods for monitoring survival and dispersal of juvenile pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) reintroduced to central Washington, USA. During summer 2012, we released 104 juvenile rabbits, 85 of which were fitted with glue-on radiotransmitters and located 2–4 times/week while transmitters were retained ( x ¯ = 15 days). We tracked and recovered 63 transmitters, while signals were lost from 22. Most rabbits remained near the release site, with 9 dispersing > 1 km, and only 2 moving >3 km. During winter, we surveyed nearly 9 km2 around the release site and collected 117 fecal samples for genetic analysis. Forty-two individuals were identified, 38 from the summer releases (37% survival) and 4 born in the wild from parents released in 2011. Using NGS, we identified rabbits 1) released without transmitters, 2) with undetected transmitter signals, 3) presumed dead, and 4) produced in the wild. Short-term dispersal behavior was best gathered with telemetry, but information was limited, and we were unable to estimate survival probabilities because of the short duration of transmitter retention. The information on dispersal, survival, and reproduction provided by NGS allowed us to evaluate longer term reintroduction success, but was limited by the area we were able to search. We compare the results, costs, benefits, and limitations of each method for addressing specific monitoring objectives. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Cognitive UWB-OFDM: Pushing ultra-wideband beyond its limit via opportunistic spectrum usage

In a continuously expanding wireless world, the number of radio systems increases every day and efficient spectrum usage becomes a more significant requirement. Ultra-wideband (UWB) and cognitive radio are two exciting technologies that offer new approaches to the spectrum usage. The main objective of this paper is to shed the first light on the marriage of these two important approaches. The strength of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based UWB in co-existing with licensed systems is investigated. The opportunity concept is defined, and the requirements of the opportunistic spectrum usage are explained. It is proposed to take the UWB-OFDM from the current underlay implementation, and evolve it to a combined underlay and opportunistic spectrum usage technology, leading to cognitive UWB-OFDM. This way, we aim at making UWB more competitive in the wireless market with extended range, higher capacity, better performance, and a wide variety of applications.
Violation of single parameter scaling in random periodic-on-average systems

Summary form only given. Localization properties of random periodic-on-average systems are studied. It is shown that the statistics of states within and outside of original conductance bands are completely different. A new scaling behavior of the latter states is demonstrated.
Stochastic Wave Propagation in Maxwell's Equations

We use the spectral representation to describe the random electromagnetic fields, which are coupled by Maxwell’s equations with a random source term. The covariance matrix functions of the random electromagnetic fields are expressed in terms of the spectral matrix function of the random source term and the Green function of Maxwell’s equations. When the random source term is Gaussian, the electromagnetic fields exhibit diffusive scaling limits in the sense of distributions.
Learning from Young Adolescents: The Use of Structured Teacher Education Coursework to Help Beginning Teachers Investigate Middle School Students’ Intellectual Capabilities:

In this article, the authors discuss a case study in which beginning teachers interviewed young adolescents as part of structured teacher education coursework designed to challenge teachers’ low ex...
Encouraging ownership of online spaces: Support for pre-service English teachers through computer-mediated communication:

High attrition rates among new teachers are of concern to teacher educators. Support mechanisms may help teachers feel less isolated in their new profession. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) technologies can connect novice teachers in ways that are both time and place independent. Most research on asynchronous online discussions has focused on achieving formal learning goals through highly structured scaffolds for reflective thinking and cognitive presence. Less attention is being paid to how novice teachers who are already accustomed to participating in online communities turn to these online spaces for the support they need. This case study examined whether and how eight preservice teachers completing English education internships at professional development schools chose to use an asynchronous discussion forum in the absence of a tightly structured or controlled communication task. The interns chose to use the online space for just-in-time informal learning and for psychological support on complex issues that were not easy to discuss face to face. The interns regularly responded to each others’ requests, thoughts, and concerns. The authors propose that highly structured online forums are not the only way CMC can be used for teacher support, particularly now that CMC is no longer a novelty, nor should formal learning be the only purpose for providing such online spaces to novice teachers.
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY MENHADEN OIL ON GROWTH RATE AND TISSUE FATTY ACIDS OF THE CHICK.

Using purified diets containing 2 sources of protein, an essential fatty acid deficiency was produced in chicks that was characterized by poor growth and a high quantity of eicosatrienoic acid in the liver lipid. The feeding of corn oil caused an increase in the eicosatetraenoic acid and a decrease in the eicosatrienoic acid content of the liver. The feeding of menhaden oil did not change the eicosate traenoic acid content of the liver lipid, but caused a complete disappearance of eicosatrienoic acid. Eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were present in the liver only when menhaden oil was fed. The data indicate that the feeding of fish oil with its high content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibits the synthesis of eicosatrienoic acid in the chicken. When menhaden ou was fed with corn oil, the level of arachidonic acid present in the liver and heart fat was decreased from levels resulting when corn oil is fed alone. Some interpreta tions of these observations are discussed. Marine oils contain large amounts of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Getting Liberals and Conservatives to Go Green: Political Ideology and Congruent Appeals

The authors develop a conceptual model of how the congruence of political ideology and persuasive appeals enhances sustainable behaviors. In study 1, persuasive appeals consistent with individualizing and binding moral foundations were developed to enhance liberal and conservative recycling. In study 2, individualizing and binding appeals were tested on actual recycling behavior using a longitudinal field study to demonstrate the effectiveness of messages congruent with the moral foundations of liberals and conservatives. Study 3 demonstrated that enhanced fluency represents the underlying psychological process that mediates the relationship between message congruence and intentions. Moreover, study 3 established that spillover effects resulting from increased intentions to engage in sustainable disposition behavior enhance intentions to engage in sustainable acquisition and consumption behaviors. Finally, study 4 ruled out potential message confounds to demonstrate the robustness of the findings. Practic...
DSM-5 and Psychotic and Mood Disorders

The criteria for the major psychotic disorders and mood disorders are largely unchanged in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), with a few important exceptions: a new assessment tool for the psychotic disorders based on dimensional assessment, a new scheme of specifiers for the mood disorders, the addition of three new depressive disorders, and recognition of catatonia as a separate clinical entity. In addition, subtle changes to the diagnostic criteria for longstanding disorders may have important ramifications. There are forensic implications to these changes in the psychotic and mood disorders, but in most cases, these implications should be relatively modest, as the DSM-5 Work Groups ultimately adopted a cautious approach to changes in the psychotic and mood disorders.
Infrared spectral responsivity scale realization and validations

An InSb working standard radiometer, first calibrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 1999 against a cryogenic bolometer, was recently calibrated against a newly developed low-noise-equivalent-power pyroelectric transfer standard detector. The pyroelectric transfer standard, which can operate at the output of a monochromator, holds the newly realized NIST spectral power responsivity scale between 1.7 and 14 μm with an uncertainty of 1% (k=2). The InSb working standard was also measured at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) of the United Kingdom in 1999. The less than 2% spectral power responsivity disagreements obtained on the InSb working standard (both from the 1999 NIST and NPL comparison and also against the pyroelectric standard) validate the three independently realized power responsivity scales and verify the long-term stability of the InSb working standard. The InSb working standard was also used in irradiance measurement mode to validate the previously determined spectral irradiance responsivity of four narrowband InSb radiometers that were applied to calibrate IR target simulators. The uncertainty of the present spectral irradiance responsivity scale held by the InSb working standard is 2.5% (k=2) in the 2 to 5.2 μm wavelength range.
Analytical Expression for Impulse Response Between Two Nodes in 2-D Rectangular Digital Waveguide Mesh

The digital waveguide mesh models multidimensional wave propagation in discrete space and time. The finite difference wave equation used in the mesh is expressed in the space-time domain, which is not straightforward to reveal the analytical expression for the impulse response between a source and a receiver. This letter describes a procedure to derive an analytical impulse response expression between two nodes in a 2-D rectangular digital waveguide mesh based on the wave equation. The analytical expression can provide helpful insights and help verify simulation results for the digital waveguide mesh.
Combined flexural-joint stiffness matrix and the elastic deformation of a servo-controlled two-link robot manipulator

SUMMARYAn expression is derived for the combined flexural-joint stiffness matrix and the elastic deformation field of a servo-controlled two-link robot manipulator. Such expressions are needed in dealing with light weight high-speed flexible robot manipulators. The approach employs a strain energy invariance principle with respect to the elemental and the system reference coordinate frames to derive the desired 9 × 9 combined flexural joint stiffness matrix.
Critical care of the burn patient: The first 48 hours

Objective:The goal of this concise review is to provide an overview of some of the most important resuscitation and monitoring issues and approaches that are unique to burn patients compared with the general intensive care unit population.Study Selection:Consensus conference findings, clinical trial
Expression of senescence-induced protein WS3-10 in vivo and in vitro

In our efforts to characterize cellular senescence we have shown that the mRNA encoding WS3-10 protein is overexpressed in senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) when compared with their younger counterparts, and that forced expression of the WS3-10 cDNA in young HDF results in suppression of calcium-dependent membrane currents, presumably due in part to the presence of a calcium binding domain within the WS3-10 protein. We have now expressed this protein in E. coli and have obtained affinity purified antibodies. Western blot analysis utilizing these antibodies showed that WS3-10 protein is also overexpressed in senescent HDF when compared to young HDF, and in normal fetal lung HDF when compared to SV40-transformed fetal lung HDF. HeLa cells do not express WS3-10 protein. In addition, we looked for WS3-10-related species in a variety of rat tissues. Analysis of WS3-10 immunologically related proteins in rat tissue extracts revealed two WS3-10 homologs, sized 22 kDa and 20 kDa. The latter presumably result from proteolytic removal of the C-terminal end of the 22 kDa polypeptide. The ratio between these polypeptides varies in a tissue-specific manner. Two proteins immunologically related to WS3-10 with sizes of 39 kDa and 91 kDa were present in rat spleen and skeletal muscle, respectively.
Comparison of PCR Assays for Detection of the Agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is an emerging infectious disease in the United States and Europe, and PCR methods have been shown to be effective for the diagnosis of acute infections. Numerous PCR assays and primer sets have been reported in the literature. The analytical sensitivities (limits of detection) of 13 published PCR primer sets were compared using DNA extracted from serial dilutions of Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected HL-60 cells. The specificity of the assays that were able to detect ≤2.5 infected cells was tested by the use of template DNA extracted from Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Bartonella henselae. The assays with the lowest limits of detection were shown to be a nested assay that amplifies the 16S rRNA gene (primer pairs ge3a-ge10 [primary] and ge9-ge3 [nested]; detects 0.25 infected cell), a direct assay that amplifies the major surface protein gene msp2 (primer pair msp2-3f-msp2-3r; detects 0.25 infected cell), and a direct assay that amplifies the 16S rRNA gene (primer pair ehr521-ehr790; detects 0.25 infected cell). The specificity and limit of detection of the MSP2 and 16S rRNA direct assays were further tested by use of A. phagocytophilum template DNA from both North America and Europe and from human, tick, white-footed mouse, equine, deer, bovine, and wood rat samples and of template DNA from closely related species (Anaplasma marginale, the white-tailed deer agent, and additional E. chaffeensis-positive samples). Three manufacturers' PCR kits were tested and showed distinct variations in the limit of detection, specificity, and nonspecific background amplification. The importance of these results for the molecular diagnosis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is discussed.
Transport of Metal Ions by Liquid Membranes Containing Macrocyclic Carriers

Liquid membranes can serve as models of biological membranes and as a means of performing chemical separations. The efficiency of biological membranes in both separation and controlled movement of specific chemical species indicate that chemical systems which mimic these processes could be very beneficial to man. Three types of liquid membranes are described: bulk liquid membranes, diaphragm membranes and emulsion liquid membranes.
Bridging external fixation and supplementary Kirschner-wire fixation versus volar locked plating for unstable fractures of the distal radius: A RANDOMISED, PROSPECTIVE TRIAL

We performed a prospective, randomised trial to evaluate the outcome after surgery of displaced, unstable fractures of the distal radius. A total of 280 consecutive patients were enrolled in a prospective database and 88 identified who met the inclusion criteria for surgery. They were randomised to receive either bridging external fixation with supplementary Kirschner-wire fixation or volar-locked plating with screws. Both groups were similar in terms of age, gender, hand dominance, fracture pattern, socio-economic status and medical co-morbidities. Although the patients treated by volar plating had a statistically significant early improvement in the range of movement of the wrist, this advantage diminished with time and in absolute terms the difference in range of movement was clinically unimportant. Radiologically, there were no clinically significant differences in the reductions, although more patients with AO/OTA (Orthopaedic Trauma Association) type C fractures were allocated to the external fixation group. The function at one year was similar in the two groups. No clear advantage could be demonstrated with either treatment but fewer re-operations were required in the external fixation group.
Sweet Corn Response to Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Damage During Vegetative Growth

Response by sweet corn, Zea mays , to fall armyworm feeding during three vegetative periods was studied three times during the 1988-1989 growing season near Belle Glade, Fla. Feeding damage by fall armyworm during the early and midwhorl stages (V1-V9) Significantly reduced plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area, and fresh and dry weight of aboveground portions of sweet corn plants. Protecting plants from fall armyworm damage during the late whorl stage (V9-Rl) resulted in higher yields and reduced percentages of ears damaged by insects. Protecting the plants from fall armyworm damage during the midwhorl stage (V6-V9) was not as important as during the late whorl stage but was more important than during early whorl stage (V1-V6). Fall armyworm densities as low as 0.2-0.8 larvae per plant during the late whorl stage may be sufficient to reduce yields of U.S. No.1 ears by 5-20%.
Tunable high harmonic generation

High harmonic generation using a pump laser field from an OPA resulted in a source of tunable coherent XUV radiation. Increasing the wavelength of the excitation field significantly extended the maximum harmonic energy.
Aspergillus flavus sclerotia form in wound-inoculated preharvest corn

Aspergillus jlavus formed large numbers of sclerotia in wound-inoculated preharvest corn. The majority ofthe sclerotia recovered from individual ears were found on the wounded kernels; intact kernels located adjacent to the wound-inoculated kernels were infected with A. jlavus but supported few sclerotia, and these formed exclusively on the pericarp surface. More sclerotia were produced per gram ofwounded kernel tissue from a loose-husked northern hybrid than from a tight-husked southern hybrid. Sclerotia may represent an important source of inoculum in fields continuously cropped to corn. The discovery of sclerotia of Aspergillusjlavus Link: Fr. in corn at harvest in 1982 in a field near Tifton, Georgia (Wick10w et al., 1984) underscores the im­ portance of determining the conditions that promote formation of sclerotia in corn. In the present study we wanted to contrast sclerotium production in a 100se­ husked versus a tight-husked commercial dent hybrid. A controlled environment facility was used to regulate the physical environment ofthe developing corn plant while eliminating confounding variables such as kernel damage by corn insects. MATERIALS AND METHODS
African American Adolescent Sexuality: Influences on Sexual Scripting and Sexual Risk Behaviors

Because of numerous documented disparities in the sexual risk behaviors of African American adolescents compared to their peers from other ethnic groups, it is necessary to better understand the context in which their sexual socialization occurs. Sexual scripting is the process of developing frameworks that adolescents use to organize and process their sexual experiences. Sexual scripts help to fill the gap in understanding key contexts of African American youth, because they are developed through exposure to multiple contexts, including mass media, the community, and peers and family. These sources of sexual information interact with characteristics of the individual to determine how an adolescent will respond to these messages. Basic research findings suggest useful ways that clinicians may address influences on sexual scripts to decrease the sexual risk behaviors of African American youth. They also lead to a model to direct future research, given that much remains unknown. Alternatively, evidence-based intervention (EBI) programs can prevent and address sexual risk behaviors, although they need adaptation to make them relevant, sustainable, and acceptable to African American youth. Guidelines for adaptation of EBIs and the usefulness of an ecologically sound approach for this population are discussed. Research on such adaptations can determine the mechanisms behind the racial, gender, and class factors affecting interventions, incorporate technology and other factors relevant to these youths’ contexts, and determine answers to current questions such as the advisability of abstinence or comprehensive sex education with these youth. Such data will ensure that future programs are sensitively adapted to the cultural, racial, and gendered context of African American youth, including their strengths.
Time in Education: Intertwined Dimensions and Theoretical Possibilities

In this article, Compton-Lilly proposes that time acts as a constitutive dimension of people’s experiences that significantly affects the ways people make sense of their worlds. After briefly exami...
Analysis of Fracture Accident of 35 kV Disc Type Suspension Porcelain Insulator

The fracture accident of disc type suspension porcelain insulator string which happened after the single-phase grounding of transmission line is analyzed. Two pieces of insulators in the same batch and same type which can represent the electrical performance of fault insulators are randomly selected to make the electrical test. Test result shows that the steep front impulse tests of insulator samples were not qualified because of micro defects of layer insulation between porcelain pieces. Comprehensively considering the electrical test results of samples and fault characteristics,it is judged that the direct reason of the fracture accident of insulator string is the internal breakdown of layer insulation between porcelain pieces under the action of intermittent electric arc grounding overvoltage. In order to avoid similar accidents,insulators with unqualified steep front impulse tolerance performance should be forbidden into operation in power grid.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound education: orthopaedic resident ability following a multimedia tutorial

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) is a quick and effective imaging tool that can be utilized by orthopaedic surgeons to identify common musculoskeletal pathology such as ankle tendinopathy. This study evaluated the ability of 15 orthopaedic surgery residents to identify and measure ankle tendons after attending a multimedia tutorial on MSK-US. Afterwards, proficiency of usage was assessed by identification and quantification of three ankle tendons (Achilles, tibialis posterior, and flexor hallucis longus) in a cadaver limb. Resident comfort level and plan for future use were also assessed. After completing the tutorial, accuracy measuring the Achilles, tibialis posterior, and flexor hallucis longus tendons was 94.8%, 90.2%, and 90.1%, respectively. Resident comfort level improved from a level of 2.3 before the tutorial to 6.8 afterwards. Seventy-one percent of residents plan to use ultrasound in clinical practice. These results show that orthopaedic surgery residents can identify and assess tendon size via MSK-US with sufficient accuracy after a multimedia tutorial.
Reduplication in Itawes

This paper examines reduplication in Itawes, a language of the Philippines. In addition to providing the first overview of reduplication in this language, I examine the interactions between reduplication and three phonological processes: Vowel Laxing, Vowel Reduction, and Glottal Stop Insertion. Vowel Laxing---which laxes /i, u, e, o/ in closed syllables---and Vowel Reduction---which raises /a/ to schwa in non-primary-stressed syllables---interact with reduplication differently: Vowel Laxing shows Base–Reduplicant Identity, applying at the stem level (Inkelas and Zoll, 2005), while Vowel Reduction, applying at the word level, does not. Glottal Stop Insertion may apply at either level.
Abcg2 Expression Marks Neural Stem Cells in the Murine Cerebellum.

Neural stem cells have been identified in both the cerebellum and forebrain of fetal and adult mice. These cells can form neurospheres in culture and differentiate into both glia and neurons either in vitro or in vivo. In embryonic day 14 forebrain, neural stem cells are found to exist exclusively in a subpopulation with the Side Population (SP) phenotype, and express Abcg2, a member of the ABC transporter family that is responsible for the SP phenotype in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The expression of Abcg2 in stem cells in the cerebellum has not been characterized. We have generated an Abcg2/GFP knock-in mouse model in which expression of GFP is under control of the endogenous Abcg2 locus and used this model to demonstrate that Abcg2 expression can be used for HSC enrichment. Here we report the use of this mouse model to explore the relationship between Abcg2 expression and neural stem cell function in neonatal cerebellum. Single cells were prepared from cerebellum of 4–9 day old mice by digesting with papain. We then stained the cells with anti-CD45 and anti-Ter119 antibody to exclude the resident hematopoietic cells in subsequent flow cytometry analysis and cell sorting. We found that a small but consistent subpopulation of cells, comprising 0.7±0.12% of total CD45−Ter119- single cell preparations, expressed the Abcg2/GFP allele. To determine whether these GFP+ cells were enriched for neural stem cells, we sorted the CD45−Ter119- cells into GFP+ and GFP− subpopulations and analyzed for their neurosphere forming activity in the presence of epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. We found that the GFP+ subpopulation formed 21 fold more neurospheres compared with the GFP− subpopulation. These neurosphere forming cells can self-renew as evidenced by their capacity to form secondary neurospheres when replated. These results demonstrate that similar to what is seen with HSCs and with embryonic forebrain cells, Abcg2 is expressed in the neural stem cells in neonatal cerebellum, and Abcg2/GFP expression in this mouse model could also be used as a marker to prospectively purify neural stem cells from cerebellum. Ongoing studies are focused on defining the in vivo multilineage differentiation potential of the Abcg2/GFP+ cells and determining whether Abcg2 expression could be used as a marker for purification of medulloblastoma stem cells.
The redemptive power of the face: from Beatrice (Portinari) to Bérénice (Bejo)

The capacity of the human face to affect behavior in the observer is obvious and unquestioned, yet we lack a usable philosophy of facial expression. This essay looks at one effect of the face in its highest moment of expressiveness: it discusses the redemptive force of a woman’s face, as portrayed in Dante’s works and in the modern film. Beatrice’s face becomes a mediator to heaven and thus establishes a long tradition of that trope in Petrarchan love lyric. The invention of photography and cinema enabled nuanced, emotionally charged facial representation that departed from the affect-free pictorial representation of woman’s face from the eighteenth to the twentieth century. In Michael Hazanivicius’s film The Artist, the face of a redemptive woman mediates access to a compassionate world of charm, glamour, and innocence.
Future Directions of LESS

Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery has been utilized to perform every urologic surgery that can be accomplished by traditional laparoscopy; however, there are considerable hurdles that have impacted its widespread adoption. Technical challenges of LESS include difficulties with triangulation, instrument clashes, and limited maneuverability. Training challenges include the additional learning curve of LESS over traditional laparoscopy, lack of structured LESS curricula, and limited exposure of current trainees. Evidence-based challenges include the paucity of level I evidence supporting the use of LESS in clinical practice. Future directions for LESS research include the development of new instrumentation, platforms, and robotic LESS to overcome the technical challenges, formation of structured education to overcome training challenges, and design of studies investigating the clinical benefit of LESS to overcome evidence challenges. Together, these steps may lead to greater utilization of LESS among practicing urologists both in academia and in the community.
The rise of 3-D printing: The advantages of additive manufacturing over traditional manufacturing

Abstract The use of additive manufacturing technologies in different industries has increased substantially during the past years. Henry Ford introduced the moving assembly line that enabled mass production of identical products in the 20 th century. Currently, additive manufacturing enables and facilitates production of moderate to mass quantities of products that can be customized individually. Additive manufacturing technologies are opening new opportunities in terms of production paradigm and manufacturing possibilities. Manufacturing lead times will be reduced substantially, new designs will have shorter time to market, and customer demand will be met more quickly. This article identifies additive manufacturing implementation challenges, highlights its evolving technologies and trends and their impact on the world of tomorrow, discusses its advantages over traditional manufacturing, explores its impact on the supply chain, and investigates its transformative potential and impact on various industry segments.
Gendered Representations and Portrayals in Technology Advertisements: Exploring Variations by Age, Race and Ethnicity

Using quantitative and qualitative content analysis, we document gender images in video technology advertisements from top technology companies. We find underrepresentation and stereotyping of women in these advertisements, but the most striking patterns appear when race and age are considered. Black women and Latinas are vastly underrepresented compared to white women and their male counterparts. Elderly characters, both male and female, are among the least visible characters in these advertisements. There is greater gender parity among children and teenagers, but among adults and elderly, there is significant gender disparity, especially for whites and blacks. We conclude that these images reinforce hegemonic ideals and reinforce the association between technology and masculinity, as well as whiteness and youth. Implications for understanding the current gender gap in technology are considered.
Breast calcifications mimicking pulmonary nodules.

In 80-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion, present for the last 2 years. She said she became short of breath after walking 1 block. Her medical history was significant only for 35 pack-years of smoking. On examination, her lung fields were clear, with no audible murmurs, and she had
Quasi-chemical theory of F−(aq): The “no split occupancies rule” revisited

We use ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations and quasi-chemical theory (QCT) to study the inner-shell structure of F−(aq) and to evaluate that single-ion free energy under standard conditions. Following the “no split occupancies” rule, QCT calculations yield a free energy value of −101 kcal/mol under these conditions, in encouraging agreement with tabulated values (−111 kcal/mol). The AIMD calculations served only to guide the definition of an effective inner-shell constraint. QCT naturally includes quantum mechanical effects that can be concerning in more primitive calculations, including electronic polarizability and induction, electron density transfer, electron correlation, molecular/atomic cooperative interactions generally, molecular flexibility, and zero-point motion. No direct assessment of the contribution of dispersion contributions to the internal energies has been attempted here, however. We anticipate that other aqueous halide ions might be treated successfully with QCT, provided t...
Perceptions of cognitive aging among older veterans.

Abstract. Background and objectives: To understand the perceptions, knowledge, and understanding of memory, cognition, and aging among older veterans. Research design and methods: Twelve male, Cauc...
Mixed Valency Oligomers: Model Pathways for the Control of Their Properties

Two possible means of control ofthe properties of mixed-valence oligomers are discussed: the average valence of the metal ions and the chemical nature of the bridging ligand which join two or more of them together. The dependence of the metal-ligand resonance interaction upon the electron occupation is discussed, and a model Hamiltonian which incorporates such effects is presented. Mixed valence linear oligomers of Ru(II/III) and pyrazine are used as examples. Possible electronics applications are stressed.
RF Coupling of Interdigitated Electrode Array on Aerogels for in vivo Nerve Guidance Applications

Aerogels are light-weight porous materials that can tolerate the processing steps required for designing and creating an electric circuit such that the aerogel can be utilized as a substrate for device fabrication. Previous studies have shown the biostability and biocompatibility of polyurea crosslinked silica aerogels both in vivo and in vitro and have demonstrated the potential use of aerogels in biomedical applications. In vitro studies have shown that in the presence of an applied electric field neurites regeneration rate was greater on crosslinked silica aerogels than on tissue culture petridish used as a positive control. Currently, epineural suturing and nerve grafting are the gold standards for surgical reconstruction of injured nerves. However, because they rely on passive mechanisms for reapproximating the distal and proximal terminals they often lead to partial or no recovery leaving room for improvement. The present study investigates the feasibility of a wireless aerogel–based electrically-stimulating implant intended for nerve repair applications. Here the authors report on RF coupling between a secondary coil and a primary coil to wirelessly energize an interdigitated electrode array consisting of eleven interlocking fingers, created on a silica aerogel substrate. The coupling strength was tested both in air and in an animal model, as a function of distance and will be reported. This study focuses on in vivo evaluation and feasibility assessment of a novel active 3-D aerogel-based peripheral nerve repair device. The device utilizes induced EMF to establish a current (hence electrical stimulation) in predetermined pathways where nerve stumps will be confined to. Fundamental differences between in vitro and in vivo models necessitate the in vivo approach. The novel inductively-powered electrical stimulation aerogel-based device utilizes previously established 3-D confinement method for immobilization of nerve stumps, taking advantage of the mesoscopic surface roughness, unique to aerogels. The technique is tested on a mechanically strong, lightweight, porous, and biostable aerogel. Lithographic techniques, gold (Au) thin film metallization, and Faraday induction is used for circuit design, development, and activation.
The Trudeau government and the case for multilateralism in an uncertain world

In an era when multilateral institutions and global cooperation are under attack from the United States and under threat around the world, should Canada restore and maintain its historical commitme...
Applying Pose Estimation to Predict Amateur Golf Swing Performance Using Edge Processing

We present an analysis and approach for utilizing vision-based pose estimation to find key video frames in a full golf swing to assist in providing feedback for improvement. Using both still photos and videos, the proposed system discovers key moments in the golf swing to be evaluated and can identify metrics of the golfer such as posture, swing tempo, and swing consistency. These key frames can also predict the swing outcome by creating a path projection. The images and videos processed analyze the golf swing from a down the line perspective. For the computations, we utilize a low cost tensor processing unit (TPU) to run inference and data processing which set the performance baseline for the video capturing system. Hardware and pose estimation limitations and inaccuracies are identified and compensated for by using a Savitzky-Golay filter. This will allow for a markerless swing tracking analysis system in a low cost, small form factor.
Clinical Evidence Supporting US Food and Drug Administration Clearance of Novel Therapeutic Devices via the De Novo Pathway Between 2011 and 2019

This cross-sectional study characterizes the premarket clinical evidence supporting clearance of moderate-risk novel therapeutic medical devices by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Loci of agreement and deviations from the Mirror Principle in Hungarian verbs

In this revised account of Hungarian verbal agreement, I propose that the language’s locus of subject agreement is not T, unlike in current Minimalist analyses, but Pred (or Asp), just above direct object agreement in v . Furthermore, the surface linear order of affixes (stem – tense/mood – object agreement – subject agreement) does not conform to the hierarchical order of syntactic heads (V < v < Pred < T/M), thus violating the Mirror Principle, because local dislocation in postsyntactic morphology adjusts the initial linearization of the heads.
Untangling Eviction, Disadvantage, Race, and Social Processes: Neighborhood Factors Influencing Crime:

Eviction is concentrated in poor communities of color, and studies indicate eviction may affect social processes. Community and crime literature demonstrates that structural factors, such as socio-...
Pregnancy Diagnosis in Dairy Cows by Palpation or Ultrasound

Our objective was to study palpation and ultrasound pregnancy-diagnostic practices used for dairy cows by US veterinarians.
'Creating a safe space': how perinatal palliative care coordinators navigate care and support for families.

Background Families who learn that their unborn baby has a life-limiting fetal condition are often overwhelmed by this news, alongside navigating an unfamiliar healthcare system. A skilled perinatal palliative care coordinator (PPCC) can help these families, yet little is known about their function and roles. Aims This study sought to describe the PPCC's approach to care, their guiding principles and the roles, knowledge and skills that enable them to provide exemplary care. Methods This qualitative descriptive study included interviews of 12 expert PPCCs. Directed content analysis was used to identify major codes. Iterative analysis led to theme identification. Findings Findings include the PPCC's position within the healthcare system, guiding principles, goals, roles and responsibilities, and knowledge and skills. Two figures enhance the understanding of the PPCCs approach to creating a safe space for the family, supporting the interdisciplinary team and facilitating coordinated birth planning. Conclusions Every perinatal palliative care programme should include a PPCC. Future research on clinical training could examine the effectiveness of an educational intervention, using the detailed knowledge and skills learned in this study as a curriculum.
New Results For the Five Point Function.

We present the new results of the computed general five-point functionby the magic spinor product method in loop integrals proposed by one (BFLW) of us. The result from the magic spinor product method agrees with that from LoopTools overall. Such encouraging agreements indicate that the magic spinor product method is a reliable approach with good efficiency and numerical stability.
Sexuality in World History

1. Introduction: The Whys and Hows of Sex History Part 1: Preface: Sexuality Before Modern Times 2. Sexuality and the Rise of Agriculture 3. Sexuality in the Classical Period 4. The Impact of Religion on Sexuality, to 1450 5. Sex in an Age of Trade and Colonies Part 2: Preface: Sex in the Modern World, 1750-1950 6. Western Society, 1750-1950: A First Sexual Revolution and the Victorian Response 7. Global Trends and Variations in the Age of Imperialism Part 3: Preface: Sexuality in the Age of Globalization 8. Sex in Contemporary World History
A High Speed Image Capture, Processing and Replay System for Static and Moving Video Signals

A prototype high speed image processing system has been developed. This system is designed to real time process industrial NDE images in a practical applications environment such as on an inspection line. The portable system is lightweight and small and is ideal for the working environment. A photograph of the constructed 80188 real time image processing system is shown in figure 1.
2012 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Earth and Environmental Science presented to Ellen Mosley-Thompson and Lonnie G. Thompson

Abstract The major contributions of their 35 years of scientific enterprise working together and independently have been: (1) quantifying the dynamics of the global climate system, including millennial scale variations in Monsoons and El Nino Southern Oscillation, the chronology of Late Glacial to present variations in tropical climate, and the role of micro-particles and optical dust in climate; (2) documentation of abrupt climate change and that the current warming trend is faster than anything in the past 5200 years; and (3) the development of ice coring techniques and method of analysis, including collecting and storing the world׳s largest collection of tropical ice cores.
Thoracic Ultrasonography in the Critically Ill

One of the many possible applications for portable ultrasonography in an intensive care unit is in the rapid detection and bedside treatment of thoracic pathology. Traditionally, a majority of critically ill patients still undergo portable diagnostic chest radiographs, often daily. The addition of thoracic ultrasonography to the patient’s care can improve both diagnostic and therapeutic abilities.