cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chapter 1 – Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a discussion on the reliability theory of aging and longevity. In reliability theory, aging is defined as a phenomenon of increasing risk of failure with the passage of time (age). If the risk of failure is not increasing with age, then there is no aging in terms of reliability theory, even if the calendar age of a system is increasing. In terms of reliability theory, the dating problem of determining the system age is different from the performance assessment problem of a system's aging. In reliability theory, failure is defined as the event when a required function is terminated. Reliability of the system (or its component) refers to its ability to operate properly according to a specified standard. Reliability is described by the reliability function S(x), which is the probability that a system will carry out its mission through time x. The reliability function or survival function evaluated at time x is just the probability, P, that the failure time X is beyond time x, P.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE LIMITS OF PROGRESS: IS SINGULARITY POSSIBLE?

This article explores the idea accepted in the social philosophy at the turn of 20th-21st century, that the exponential growth of the speed of progress results in the technological singularity. In natural science, the process characterized by initial exponential acceleration typically reaches a saturation phase and then develops according to another mathematical low. This does not mean to imply that the initial phase continues uninterruptedly, but may indeed consist of early outflows to the saturation phase and transition to plateaus of speed. If such a description is typical in natural science, would not predictions for science and technology, in general, be characterized by perhaps not apocalyptic conclusions but the appearance of such singularities? Would it not be expected from processes in natural science that the acceleration of scientific progress might be replaced by deceleration and a complete stoppage of acceleration? Mechanisms for retarding acceleration of info-communications are revealed in the adaptive capabilities of individual approaching planning horizons, and specifically in the investment in the military-industrial complex, which has its own logic representing a direct driving force for progress in the civil sphere. At the same time, despite possible dampening of acceleration of progress in science and technology, progress itself and social transformations will not stop, and will not even slow down, but continue with the speed, which will become permanent.
Understanding online equity funding ecology: a comparison of the greater Los Angeles area and Silicon Valley

Guided by the community ecology perspective and resource dependence theory, this study examines how organizational forms and resources co-influence the financial flow among three types of players: angel investors, venture capital firms and startups. Data from two comparable areas were collected from an online equity funding platform AngelList.com: the greater Los Angeles, and Silicon Valley. This study applies network analysis to demonstrate that the online investment networks in both markets were driven by both commensalism and symbiosis, and they both favored larger ventures. However, distinct patterns were revealed. The Los Angeles market had a higher tendency of the financial flow from angel investors to VC firms, and between angel investors; while the financial flow in the Silicon Valley market was more likely to occur from angel investors and VC firms to startups. Furthermore, the resource signals had different effects on both markets with the investors in Silicon Valley viewing online resources as negative predictors of funding flow. Implications on what value funders bring to ventures and whether online platform offers an alternative for venture investment are provided.
Is Chinatown a place or space? A case study of Chinatown Singapore

Abstract This paper argues that the routine development of Chinatowns has, in many ways, disjointed them from specific locations and into a space in the abstract. The average Chinatown frequently highlights generic ethnic symbols and products, rather than the exclusion and specific migrations that made historic Chinese enclaves possible. Approaching Singapore Chinatown as a case study, I draw upon interview and survey data to demonstrate how abstract space plays an important role in residents’ and tourists’ interpretations of Chinatown. Singapore Chinatown has undeniable connections to Singaporean Chinese heritage. However, tourists often treat it as a standardized space, framed according to their knowledge of Chinatowns in general. This framework of generic space may explain why tourists authenticate even the most contentious redevelopments that have been criticized by local groups. Chinatowns’ entanglement with globalization generates this dislocating phenomenon. I aim to further distinguish Chinatowns from ethnic enclaves as a dynamic space, where meaning is transformed by the designs and narratives projected by urban planners not just in one location, but globally. Delineating Chinatowns as unique ethnic places can benefit their role as attractions and vehicles of heritage and cultural representation.
Engaging Faculty in Student Success: The Promise of Active Learning in STEM Faculty in Professional Development

Here we share results from a larger study of professional development (PD) provided to faculty at Research I Urban University (RIUU), where STEM faculty modeled active learning strategies and provi...
Staphylococcus bacteremia without evidence of cardiac implantable electronic device infection.

Background Staphylococcus bacteremia (SB) in the presence of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) is frequently associated with CIED infection. In patients without clear CIED infection but SB, the role of empirical CIED removal is unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the natural history of SB in the setting of a CIED and the effect of CIED removal on mortality in patients with concurrent SB without evidence of CIED infection. Methods Three hundred sixty consecutive patients (mean age 61 ± 17 years; 255 (71%) men; 329 (92%) Staphylococcus aureus) with a CIED and concurrent SB were reviewed. Results At the initial presentation with SB, 178 patients had no evidence of CIED infection. Of these, 132 (74%) had another identified source of infection. Among the 178 patients without CIED infection, 18 (10%) had empirical CIED removal during the initial bacteremia. Among those who did not undergo CIED removal, SB subsequently relapsed in 19% and relapse rates were not different for those with or without another identifiable source at the initial presentation. Relapse was strongly associated with the duration of SB >1 day (odds ratio 9.99; 95% confidence interval 3.24–30.86). Despite the absence of CIED infection, 1-year mortality was 35% and empirical device removal during the initial presentation was associated with survival benefit (hazard ratio 0.28; 95% confidence interval 0.08–0.95). Conclusion For patients with SB without evidence of CIED infection, relapse is predicted by the duration of bacteremia. Empirical CIED removal appears to be associated with a survival benefit, although there are likely clinical situations in which this could be deferred.
A Flourishing Quality of Life Amidst Disability

Theological reflection can benefit from including the experiences of people with disability and paying attention to people at the margins. Similarly, empirical research focusing on understanding an...
Triggered Electromyography is a Useful Intraoperative Adjunct to Predict Postoperative Neurological Deficit Following Lumbar Pedicle Screw Instrumentation.

Study design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Objectives Malposition of pedicle screws during instrumentation in the lumbar spine is associated with complications secondary to spinal cord or nerve root injury. Intraoperative triggered electromyographic monitoring (t-EMG) may be used during instrumentation for early detection of malposition. The association between lumbar pedicle screws stimulated at low EMG thresholds and postoperative neurological deficits, however, remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to assess whether a low threshold t-EMG response to lumbar pedicle screw stimulation can serve as a predictive tool for postoperative neurological deficit. Methods The present study is a meta-analysis of the literature from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase identifying prospective/retrospective studies with outcomes of patients who underwent lumbar spinal fusion with t-EMG testing. Results The total study cohort consisted of 2,236 patients and the total postoperative neurological deficit rate was 3.04%. 10.78% of the patients incurred at least 1 pedicle screw that was stimulated below the respective EMG alarm threshold intraoperatively. The incidence of postoperative neurological deficits in patients with a lumbar pedicle screw stimulated below EMG alarm threshold during placement was 13.28%, while only 1.80% in the patients without. The pooled DOR was 10.14. Sensitivity was 49% while specificity was 88%. Conclusions Electrically activated lumbar pedicle screws resulting in low t-EMG alarm thresholds are highly specific but weakly sensitive for new postoperative neurological deficits. Patients with new postoperative neurological deficits after lumbar spine surgery were 10 times more likely to have had a lumbar pedicle screw stimulated at a low EMG threshold.
What Criteria Should Policy-makers Use for Assisting Households with Educational Expenditure?: The Case of Urban Bangladesh

Low household expenditure on education compromises the learning and future labour market prospects of children. This study provides an empirical framework for determining the criteria that South Asian policy-makers can use for assisting households with educational expenditure. A case study of urban Bangladesh using tobit and hurdle regression models indicate that households in the bottom two per capita quartiles should receive priority as recipients of policy assistance. Other criteria include households with parents who have not completed primary schooling and households with boys, older children and multiple children of school-going age.
Darwinian Docking

The Darwinian model of evolution is an optimization strategy that can be adapted to docking. It differs from the common use of genetic algorithms, primarily in its acceptance of diverse solutions over finding "global" optima. A related problem is selecting compounds using multiple criteria. I discuss these ideas and present the outlines of a protocol for selecting "hits" and "leads" in drug discovery.
Effects of Pavement Surface Roughness and Congestion on Expected Freeway Traffic Energy Consumption

In life-cycle assessments of roadway infrastructure projects, the significant amount of energy consumed during the use phase has been largely ignored when decisions related to roadway construction and rehabilitation have been evaluated. Traffic congestion, pavement types, and surface roughness conditions affect energy consumption throughout the use phase. This study developed an integrated modeling framework that accounted for the effects of pavement roughness degradation on estimated energy consumption for freeways and other restricted access highways, considering vehicle types and traffic growth, as well as congestion patterns. The framework was achieved through three interdependent modules: Module 1 estimated vehicle specific power (VSP) by relating the International Roughness Index (IRI) of pavements to coefficients used in the Environmental Protection Agency’s motor vehicle emission simulator, Module 2 used the state-of-the-art cell transmission model to predict traffic evolution and congestion on th...
The Many Faces of Government Speech

Governments must be able to speak, but what should be the status of their speech under the First Amendment? In The Many Faces of Government Speech, seven different forms, or typologies, of government speech are described and analyzed in detail. The typologies are: government programs expressing a specific message; government programs expressing a general or diffuse message; government control of a communication medium; government messages required to be spoken by a private speaker; government preferences for some messages over others; government control of information in its possession; and government speech through private messages attributed to it. These typologies are explored in detail through eight paradigmatic cases involving government speech claims. The exploration focuses on the precise nature of the expressive activity claimed by government; the nature of any free speech claim that government can make with respect to the activity; the risks that various forms of expressive government action present to private speakers and First Amendment values; and the Constitutional status of government speech. The article concludes that government speech embraces a broad array of government actions and that acting expressively is a valid and indeed essential role for government. Yet there is no practical need or constitutional justification for treating government speech as speech protected by the First Amendment. Without any special First Amendment right the government possesses ample constitutional authority to act expressively. Instead, the important First Amendment question concerns the limits that should be placed on government speech. The article concludes that the limits are threefold: distortion of the private marketplace for expression; displacement of private speech through conversion or alteration of meaning; and deception about who authored a message.
Use of FAB MS and MS/MS in the Structural Determinations of Cockroach Neuropeptides

FAB MS and MS/MS were employed to elucidate structural features which could not be determined from Edman sequencing of three neuropeptides isolated at the 80–100 pmol level from the brains of the virgin female cockroach Diploptera punctata. Mass spectral results showed that all three were amidated at the C-terminus and provided the complete amino acid sequence in the case where the Edman results were ambiguous.
Streetlife: The Untold History of Europe's Twentieth Century

In Streetlife: The Untold History of Europe's Twentieth Century, Leif Jerram, senior lecturer in urban history at the University of Manchester, takes his reader on a sweeping and thoughtful tour th...
Intermediate Filament Associated Proteins

Intermediate filament associated proteins (IFAPs) coordinate interactions between intermediate filaments (IFs) and other cytoskeletal elements and organelles, including membrane-associated junctions such as desmosomes and hemidesmosomes in epithelial cells, costameres in striated muscle, and intercalated discs in cardiac muscle. IFAPs thus serve as critical connecting links in the IF scaffolding that organizes the cytoplasm and confers mechanical stability to cells and tissues. However, in recent years it has become apparent that IFAPs are not limited to structural crosslinkers and bundlers but also include chaperones, enzymes, adapters, and receptors. IF networks can therefore be considered scaffolding upon which associated proteins are organized and regulated to control metabolic activities and maintain cell homeostasis.
Kinetochore attachment sensed by competitive Mps1 and microtubule binding to Ndc80C

The spindle checkpoint of the cell division cycle senses kinetochores that are not attached to microtubules and prevents precocious onset of anaphase, which can lead to aneuploidy. The nuclear division cycle 80 complex (Ndc80C) is a major microtubule receptor at the kinetochore. Ndc80C also mediates the kinetochore recruitment of checkpoint proteins. We found that the checkpoint protein kinase monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) directly bound to Ndc80C through two independent interactions. Both interactions involved the microtubule-binding surfaces of Ndc80C and were directly inhibited in the presence of microtubules. Elimination of one such interaction in human cells caused checkpoint defects expected from a failure to detect unattached kinetochores. Competition between Mps1 and microtubules for Ndc80C binding thus constitutes a direct mechanism for the detection of unattached kinetochores.
Significant Numbers: Civilian Casualties and Strategic Peacebuilding

The two purposes of this chapter are to trace the evolution of legal and political concern for the fate of civilians in wartime and to link civilian casualty recording and estimation to strategic peacebuilding. It traces the historical development of norms and rules of war as they relate to civilians, beginning with states’ original interest in helping combatants and ending with the current idea that protecting civilians from violence is a universal responsibility. This normative shift has had the effect of increasing the influence of civilian casualty numbers on policy choices, making it all the more important to get the numbers right. The chapter then identifies strategic peacebuilding as an ambitious attempt to establish both lasting peace and a degree of justice, in part by placing civilian casualties at the center of retributive justice proceedings, such as criminal tribunals, and restorative justice processes, such as truth and reconciliation commissions. In these highly politicized environments, the process of revealing information about civilian losses can be as important as its outcome.This is the second chapter of an edited volume on methodologies for recording and estimating civilian casualties in zones of conflict. The goal of this volume is to encourage policymakers, military officials, journalists, human rights activists, courts, and other interested people to be more informed and skeptical “consumers” of casualty counts. To this end, contributing authors highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the most commonly used casualty recording and estimation techniques.
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE TOXICOLOGICAL ACTION OF SPARK-DECOMPOSED SF6 IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

The biological/toxicological activity of spark-decomposed SF/sub 6/ has been investigated in a cell culture assay system, using cell survival as the measure of biological activity. Spark-decomposed SF/sub 6/, at a given total spark energy, shows a stronger cytotoxic effect toward CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells than toward V79 (Chinese hamster lung) cells. Cytotoxicity results from a synthetic mixture (designed to mimic the byproducts produced by spark decomposition) confirmed previous mixture studies, in that the mixture was without cytotoxic activity. A spark-decomposed SF/sub 6/ sample, sparked to the appropriate energy to contain nearly the same concentrations of byproducts as the mixture, was assayed at the same time, and was found to show strong cytotoxic activity. Disulfur decafluoride (S/sub 2/F/sub 10/) was tested in the cytotoxicity assay system at concentrations of 100 to 5000 ppM in SF/sub 6/, all of which produced significant cytotoxicity. The CHO cells showed greater sensitivity than the V79 to the toxic action of S/sub 2/F/sub 10/. Heating is reported to decompose S/sub 2/F/sub 10/. Accordingly, a sample of S/sub 2/F/sub 10/ was heated to 250/sup 0/C for 2 h, and subsequently tested for cytotoxicity. Heating abolished the cytotoxicity. Samples of spark-decomposed SF/sub 6/ were heated as above,more » and tested for cytotoxic activity in comparison to samples of spark-decomposed SF/sub 6/ which were from the same sparked sample, but had not been heated. Heating significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of these samples. These data suggest that S/sub 2/F/sub 10/ may be present in spark-decomposed SF/sub 6/ prepared in our system, and that S/sub 2/F/sub 10/ may be a significant contributor to the overall toxicity of spark-decomposed SF/sub 6/, although there are other byproducts and/or factors which may also play a role in the cytotoxic activity of this electrically-stressed gas. 11 refs., 4 tabs.« less
Strategies and implementation for translating OpenMP code for clusters

OpenMP is a portable shared memory programming interface that promises high programmer productivity for multithreaded applications. It is designed for small and middle sized shared memory systems. We have developed strategies to extend OpenMP to clusters via compiler translation to a Global Arrays program. In this paper, we describe our implementation of the translation in the Open64 compiler, and we focus on the strategies to improve sequential region translations. Our work is based upon the open source Open64 compiler suite for C, C++, and Fortran90/95.
Ebonics And Public Law 94-142:

In November, 1975, the Congress of the United States passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, Public Law 94-142 (P.L. 94-142). Major implementation beginning in October, 1977, P.L. 94-142 is truly a monumental event in the history of American education. Almost every parent, teacher and child will in some way be affected by this new law which provides financial support for the education of the handicapped and guarantees their educational rights. Specifically, P.L. 94-142 was established for the following purpose:
Clomid therapy for anovulatory infertility.

Abstract The results of Clomid treatment of 81 infertile patients seeking pregnancy are reported: 60.5 per cent of patients ovulated and 25.9 per cent became pregnant. No unusual side effects of therapy were noted. In general, patients who were oligoovulatory or amenorrheic with evidence of estrogen production had successful responses. These results are comparable to other series. The disparity between ovulation and pregnancy rates in all these studies is noted and a case indicating a Clomid-induced non-corpus luteum source of progesterone production is included.
Subspace analysis of state covariances

The state-covariance of a linear filter imposes a generalized interpolation constraint on the power spectrum of the input. We explore this observation by first characterizing minimal line-spectra which are consistent with given state-covariance data. In particular, we present a canonical decomposition for state-covariances which is analogous to the well-known decomposition of Toeplitz matrices due to Caratheodory-Fejer and Pisarenko. Accordingly we develop subspace-based signal estimation techniques which apply to state covariances of linear filters and are analogous to MUSIC and ESPRIT. A method analogous to one due to Capon, but based on state-covariance data instead, is also presented. Finally, through a certain duality, subspace methods are shown to be useful in identifying absorption instead of emission lines in the power spectrum of the filter-input.
Studies with antibodies to cultured rat glomerular epithelial cells: subepithelial immune deposit formation after in vivo injection

To investigate the role of glomerular epithelial cell (GEC) membrane proteins in the in situ formation of subepithelial immune deposits, the authors raised a rabbit antiserum against GEC that had been grown in culture (anti-GEC). By indirect immunofluorescence (IF) on normal rat kidney, anti-GEC stained proximal tubular brush border (BB). After intravenous injection into animals, granular glomerular capillary wall staining for IgG was present by IE and subepithelial immune deposits were identified by standard transmission and immunoelectron microscopy. Using the latter technique, injected anti-GEC IgG was identified beneath slit diaphragms and in endocytic-coated pits and intracellular vesicles of podocytes. Anti-GEC immunoprecipitated gp330 and two other proteins from radiolabeled BB. These proteins also were identified by sheep anti-rat Fx1A, the antiserum responsible for passive Heymann nephritis. Anti-GEC and anti-Fx1A also immunoprecipitated five identical proteins from surface-labeled GEC. Biosynthetically-labeled but not surface-labeled GEC contained immunoprecipitable gp330. Thus, injection into rats of antibodies raised against cultured GEC can produce subepithelial immune deposits, a disease process classically induced by antibodies to BB or its purified components. In addition to gp330, GEC and BB share other antigenic determinants that may contribute to the formation of these immune deposits.
Additive effects of Pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational diabetes on health outcomes and costs.

Objective Pre-pregnancy obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are increasingly prevalent independent risk factors for maternal and infant morbidities. However, there is a paucity of information on their joint effects on health outcomes and healthcare costs. Methods A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in Florida using a validated statewide database covering 1,057,647 infants born between 2004 and 2009. Using generalized linear modeling, joint associations between levels of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and GDM and maternal complications of pregnancy, adverse birth outcomes, and healthcare costs were examined. The relative excess risk due to interaction was used to describe the direction and magnitude of the BMI–GDM interaction on the additive scale. Results Increasing pre-pregnancy BMI conferred increasing odds of adverse consequences, as did GDM, and the BMI–GDM interaction was greater than additive for 9 of 14 outcomes. The cost for infants born to women with GDM/obesity-III was 34% higher during the first year compared with those born to women with normal BMI and without GDM. The costs of maternal and infant inpatient care associated with overweight/obesity and GDM totaled over $351 million. Conclusions These findings provide further evidence of the importance of lifestyle modifications to decrease rates of obesity and risk factors from GDM.
Tuning assembly and enzymatic degradation of silk/poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) multilayers via molecular weight and hydrophobicity

We report on enzymatically degradable nanothin coatings obtained by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of silk fibroin with poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. We found that both silk β-sheet content, controlled through dipping and spin-assisted LbL, and PVCL molecular weight regulate film thickness, microstructure, pH-stability, and biodegradability with a nanoscale precision. Thickness of (silk/PVCL) films increased with increase in PVCL molecular weight and decrease in deposition pH. The impact of assembly pH on film growth was more dramatic for dipped films. These systems show a significant rise in thickness with increase in PVCL molecular weight at pH < 5 but become independent on polymer chain length at pH ≥ 5. We also found that spin-assisted films exhibited a greater stability at elevated pH and against enzymatic degradation as compared to their dipped counterparts. For both film types, the pH and enzymatic stability was improved with increasing PVCL length and β-sheet content, indicating enhanced hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonded interactions between PVCL and silk. Finally, we fabricated spherical and cubical (silk/PVCL) LbL capsules of regulated permeability and enzymatic degradation. Our approach gives a unique opportunity to tune thickness, morphology, structure, and biodegradability rate of silk films and capsules by varying silk secondary structure and PVCL length. Accounting for all-aqueous fabrication and the biocompatibility of both polymers these biodegradable materials provide novel platforms for delivery systems and medical devices.
Practical Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tetraarylethylenes and Their Application for the Preparation of [Triphenylethylene−Spacer−Triphenylethylene] Triads

We have demonstrated that reactions of diphenylmethyllithium with a variety of substituted benzophenones produces corresponding tertiary alcohols that are easily dehydrated, without any need for purification, to produce various unsymmetrical and symmetrical tetraarylethylenes in excellent yields. The simplicity of the method allows for the preparation of a variety of ethylenic derivatives in multigram (10−50 g) quantities with great ease. The methodology was successfully employed for the preparation of various triphenylethylene (TPE)-based triads (i.e., TPE−spacer−TPE) containing polyphenylene and fluoranyl-based spacers. The ready availability of various substituted tetraarylethylenes allowed us to shed light on the effect of substituents on the oxidation potentials (Eox) of various tetraarylethylenes. Moreover, the electronic coupling among the triphenylethylene moieties in various TPE−spacer−TPE triads was briefly probed by electrochemical and optical methods.
A Thermostatically Controlled Developing and Fixing Tank

— An inexpensive thermostatically controlled developing and fixing tank for X-ray darkroom use is described. Resume— On decrit une cuve thermostatique pour le developpement et le fixage en chambre noire radiologique. Zusammenfassung— Es wird ein billiger thermostatisch geregelter Entwicklungs- und Fixierungs-tank fur die Rontgendunkelkammer beschrieben.
Dress-out and fillet yields of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, and their F1, F2 and backcross hybrids

Abstract The channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, ♀×blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, ♂ F1 hybrid showed increased processing yields over the most commonly cultured catfish, channel catfish, in the US. The F1 hybrid had higher dress-out and fillet percentage (61.1% and 45.7%, respectively) than channel catfish (57.5%, 42.5%), blue catfish (58.9%, 44.4%), F2 hybrid catfish (57.3%, 42.5%), F1×channel catfish (57.3%, 42.7%), F1×blue catfish (58.3%, 42.4%), blue catfish×F1 (58.2%, 43.2%), and channel catfish×F1 (56.8%, 42.1%). Individual heterosis had a strong positive effect on dress-out and fillet percentage. Channel catfish additive genetic effects had a strong negative effect on dress-out and fillet percentage. Females had greater dress-out (58.4% to 57.9%) and fillet percentage (43.6% to 43.0%) than males (P
Does congenital diaphragmatic hernia associated with bronchopulmonary sequestration portend a better prognosis

Introduction: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) continues to be a devastating disease in the newborn population, with well-documented morbidity and mortality. Bronchopulmonary s
Vortical Wakes Over a Prolate Spheroid

The vortex-lattice method is employed to calculate the inviscid flow and the development of separated vortex sheets over a prolate spheroid. An approximate boundary-layer method based on the assumption of local similarity is used to calculate the line of open separation. A condition of vortex shedding along the separation line is proposed. The two methods of calculation, viscous and inviscid, interact through the line of separation that is allowed to displace as the wake grows. Results are compared with flow visualization data for laminar separation and pressure data for turbulent separation.
Registration of Kura1 Trifolium ambiguum (M. Bieb) Germplasm

ABSTRACTKura1 is a broad-based autohexaploid (2 n = 6 x = 48) Trifolium ambiguum (M. Bieb) germplasm (Reg. No. GP-280; PI 643168) selected for aggressive rhizomatous spreading ability and plant vigor in a southern Wisconsin environment. Kura1 was developed jointly by the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center (USDA–ARS), Madison, WI, and released jointly by the USDA–ARS and the University of Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station in December 2006. Few improved kura clover breeding populations exist in North America with even fewer named varieties. Kura1 germplasm is a very competitive addition to the improved germplasm base available to breeders. Kura1 was developed by selecting 69 parents for persistence, vigor, and spreading ability out of a common space plant nursery of 35 kura clover plant introductions, breeding populations, germplasm, or varieties. Syn1 seed was produced in Wisconsin in 2004 and Syn2 seed was produced in Wisconsin in 2008. In southern Wisconsin, Kura1 has 12% higher forage yield and 100% better spreading than ‘Cossack’ and 29% higher forage yield and 33% better spreading than ‘Rhizo’. Kura1 also has extensive additive variance for important traits of seedling establishment and vigor, general plant vigor, rhizomatous spreading ability, and seed yield.
Generating the Acyclic Orientations of a Graph

The acyclic orientations of a graph are related to its chromatic polynomial, to its reliability, and to certain hyperplane arrangements. In this paper, an algorithm for listing the acyclic orientations of a graph is presented. The algorithm is shown to requireO(n) time per acyclic orientation generated. This is the most efficient algorithm known for generating acyclic orientations.
Mining the ultimate phenome repository.

Combining genotyping and the data locked in medical records yields a large number of known genotype-phenotype associations.
Heat transfer experiments of mono-dispersed vertically impacting sprays

Abstract The heat transfer of vertically impacting water sprays has been investigated experimensally using a one-dimensional mono-size spray. The liquid mass flux, droplet size and droplet velocity of the spray are independently variable in ranges. At low liquid flux, the film boiling heat transfer of an impacting spray is affected by the droplet size and velocity; however, at high liquid flux these effects become much less observable. The contribution of air convection to the overall heat transfer is low. The dominant parameter affecting the impacting spray heat transfer is the liquid mass flux. The film boiling heat transfer of impacting sprays has a power-law dependency on the liquid mass flux with the power varying from unity to a fraction as the liquid mass flux is increased.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a neutral open framework cobalt(II) phosphate Co6(PO4)4·7H2O with a channel structure

Using tri-ethyl phosphate as a phosphate source, the hydrothermal reaction of cobalt(II) oxalate di-hydrate, zinc oxide and 1,8 di-amino octane at 200°C gave purple crystals of Co6(PO4)4 · 7H2O (1), along with a mixture of open-framework zinc–cobalt phosphates Co–Zn–HPO4, and Co3(HPO4)2(2OH). Compound 1, has been characterized by thermal analysis, FTIR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The single crystal structure of Co6(PO4)4 · 7H2O reveals cobalt in four, five and six-fold coordination with linkages through the bridging water molecules and the oxygen atoms of the phosphate in the subunits. Four subunits are connected together through the oxygen atoms (PO4), to form the three dimensional open framework structure, with a 20-member ring channel that hosts two uncoordinated water molecules. Thermal removal of the water molecules occurs between 400–600°C, with the collapse of the structure above 600°C.
Predictors of pain during invasive medical procedures

This study explored whether cardiovascular response and heart rate response to surgical stress were related to pain during percutaneous transcatheter diagnostic and therapeutic peripheral vascular and renal interventions. One hundred twenty-nine patients, 61 men and 68 women, provided repeated measures of pain on a 0 to 10 scale every 15 minutes during and at the end of the procedure. We tested 2 hypotheses: (1) baseline blood pressure and heart rate predict pain report and (2) initial procedural changes in blood pressure and heart rate predict pain report. Results of regression analysis showed that heart rate response is a significant independent predictor of pain regardless of whether pain is defined as the maximum level during the procedure or as the pain level at the end. Baseline pain, anxiety, and heart rate were significantly correlated to maximum pain report but did not enter the final model as significant independent predictors. We also found that patients whose heart rate increased during surgery from their baseline level had significantly lower pain report than those who did not show an increase. Neither baseline blood pressure nor blood pressure changes were significant predictors of pain level. Thus, we concluded that heart rate response is a powerful negative predictor of procedural pain even after controlling for baseline variables, type of procedure, and units of pain medication.
Demonstration of symmetric dark holes using two deformable mirrors at the high-contrast imaging testbed

The High Contrast Imaging Laboratory (HCIL) at Princeton has developed several important algorithms and technologies for space-based coronagraphy missions to detect earth-like exoplanets. Before June 2013 the HCIL was the only facility with two deformable mirrors (DMs) in series for focal plane wavefront control, which allows for quasi-static speckle correction on both sides of the image plane. From June through August 2013, the High- Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT) at JPL had a second DM installed. In this paper we report on the results of our Technology Development for Exoplanet Missions project to achieve high contrast in two symmetric dark holes using a shaped pupil (SP) coronagraph at the HCIT. Our previous experiment with a similar SP at the HCIT in 2007 yielded single-sided dark holes. That experiment utilized an iterative, batch-process wavefront estimator and Electric Field Conjugation for wavefront control. Our current tests use the faster Kalman filter estimator and the stroke minimization control algorithm. We use the same ripple-style SPs as in the previous HCIT experiment because that mask manufacturing technique proved successful. Our tests of symmetric dark holes in monochromatic light at the HCIT demonstrate Princeton’s steady improvements in wavefront control and estimation techniques for a space-based coronagraphy mission.
The Strong Coupling Limit of SU(2) {QCD} at Finite Baryon Density

Abstract The thermodynamics is studied of SU(2) gauge theory with staggered fermions at finite baryon density and zero temperature in the strong coupling limit. Monte Carlo simulation and mean field analysis give a consistent picture indicating that no chiral phase transition occurs at g2 = ∞ although the mesonic condensate 〈 ψ ψ〉 turns out to vanish for all non-zero chemical potentials.
Individual variations in basal metabolic rate and mechanical work efficiency in east java

During the author's examination of individual variation in work output per unit energy intake in East Java in 1971, workers with low intakes were often as productive as workers with high intakes and the relative efficiency of the ten subjects with the lowest energy intakes was 80 percent higher than the high intake group. A selected sample of these same individuals was examined in greater detail in 1977 and the absolute range of variation in basal metabolic rate was almost 4:1. The average B.M.R. of the high energy group was twice that of the low energy group (P < 0.001) and the high intake subjects expended significantly more energy in performing standard work tasks. It was concluded that low energy intakes recorded in East Java may be related to both long‐term genetic adaptation and short‐term phenotypic adaptation with a decrease in B.M.R. playing a major role in facilitating a higher level of metabolic efficiency for energy stress subjects. Data clearly indicate that low levels of energy intake do not...
Connatal cyst in a preterm twin infant with maternal comorbidities.

Abstract Background Connatal cysts are rare but recognized periventricular cysts that represent anatomic variants and are associated with good neurological outcomes. These cysts can be differentiated from cysts that portend graver prognoses by their location in relation to the ventricles, size, laterality, and temporal resolution. Patient presentation We describe a preterm twin infant born to a mother with diabetes and cardiovascular disease who was found to have connatal cysts on head ultrasound at 3 days of age. These cysts were present again on head ultrasound at 12 days of age and on brain magnetic resonance imaging at 27 days of age. The infant had a normal neurological examination in the neonatal period and on follow-up at 3 and 6 months of age. Repeated head ultrasound at 3 months of age demonstrated near resolution of the cysts. Conclusion Connatal cysts are normal anatomic variants which clinicians should be able to distinguish from similar appearing cysts with less favorable outcomes. Although the etiology of connatal cysts remains unknown, this case raises the possibility of maternal comorbidities or perinatal hypoperfusion playing a role in their formation.
Low cycle fatigue of aluminum at elevated temperatures

Abstract High temperature low cycle fatigue data are reported for polycrystalline aluminum of 99.988% purity. Experiments were carried out at a constant strain rate over a range of temperatures from ambient temperature to 400°C. Strain rate change tests were employed to determine the rate-sensitive behavior. Cyclic hardening curves and saturated hysteresis loops undergo a gradual transition in their characteristic shapes with increasing temperature, suggesting a change in the mechanisms controlling deformation. These changes in behavior are not reflected in the cyclic stress-strain curve which shows a gradual decrease in work-hardening rate with increasing temperature. The temperature dependence of the cyclic saturation stress appears to be linear but does not exhibit a region of rapid stress drop. The discussion focuses on the role of vacancies in determining the high temperature deformation behavior of a cellular microstructure.
Role of MERIT40 in stabilization of BRCA1 complex: a protein-protein interaction study.

Abstract MERIT40 is a novel associate of the BRCA1-complex, thus play an essential role in DNA damage repair mechanism. It is the least implicit protein and its structural and functional aspects of regulating the stability of BRCA1–MERIT40 complex remain equivocal. Analysis of protein–protein interactions between BRCA1 and its cellular binding partners like ABRAXAS, RAP80 and MERIT40 would help to understand the role of protein complex integrity in DNA repair mechanism. The recombinant proteins were purified and their structural aspects were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Interaction analysis was carried out to determine binding partners of MERIT40. MERIT40 showed interaction with bridging molecule, called ABRAXAS, thus generate a scaffold among various members which further stabilizes the entire complex. It acts as an adapter molecule by interacting with BRCA1-BRCT in non-phosphorylation dependent manner. The feature enlighten on structural and interaction profile of BRCA1-complex member to elucidate their role in complex stability and DNA repair process.
Water Transport Mechanisms in PEMFC Gas Diffusion Layers

Understanding how water produced in the cathode catalyst layer is removed during proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operation is critical for optimization of materials and model development. The present work combines in situ and ex situ experiments designed to elucidate the dominant water discharge mechanism when considering capillary and vapor transport at normal PEMFC operating conditions. The flux of water vapor driven by the thermal gradient in the cathode diffusion layer can alone be sufficient to remove product water at high current densities even with saturated gas in the delivery channels. The role of an intermediate microporous layer and its impact in vapor vs liquid transport is also considered. We propose that the primary role of the microporous layer is to prevent condensed water from accumulating on and blocking oxygen access to the cathode catalyst layer. .
Embedded metal nanoparticles as localized heat sources: An alternative processing approach for complex polymeric materials

Metal nanoparticles were utilized as heating elements within nanofibers to demonstrate an alternative approach to thermally process nanostructured polymeric materials. In the photothermal process, resonant light excites the surface plasmon of the nanoparticle and the absorbed energy is converted into heat due to electron-phonon collisions. This heating is efficient and strongly localized, generated from the nanometer-sized metal particles embedded within the polymer. Composite polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers, containing differing concentrations and types of nanoparticles, were fabricated by electrospinning and irradiated by a low intensity laser tuned specifically to the metal nanoparticle surface plasmon absorbance; aggregation of fibers, loss of fibrous structure, and ultimately, complete melting were observed. The photothermal response to irradiation increased with nanoparticle concentration as long as particle aggregation was avoided. Pure PEO nanofibers, or those containing metal nanoparticles possessing a non-resonant surface plasmon, were also irradiated but no melting occurred, demonstrating the controllable specificity of this approach.
Local and global effects of metal binding within the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase.

Each ‚-protomer of the small ‚‚ subunit of Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase (R2) contains a binuclear iron cluster with inequivalent binding sites: FeA and FeB. In anaerobic Fe II titrations of apoprotein under standard buffer conditions, we show that the majority of the protein binds only one Fe II atom per ‚‚ subunit. Additional iron occupation can be achieved upon exposure to O2 or in high glycerol buffers. The differential binding affinity of the A- and B-sites allows us to produce heterobinuclear Mn II Fe II and novel
GTFUZZ: a novel algorithm for robust dynamic power optimization via gate sizing with fuzzy games

As CMOS technology continues to scale, the effects of variation inject a greater proportion of error and uncertainty into the design process. Ultra-deep submicron circuits require accurate modeling of gate delay in order to meet challenging timing constraints. With the lack of statistical data, designers are faced with a arduous task to optimize a circuit which is greatly affected by variability due to the mechanical and chemical manufacturing process. Discrete gate sizing is a complex problem which requires (1) accurate models that take into account random parametric variation and (2) a fair allocation of resources to maximize the solution in the delay-energy space. The GTFUZZ algorithm is presented which handles both of these tasks. Fuzzy games are used to model the problem of gate sizing as a resource allocation problem. In fuzzy games, delay is considered a fuzzy goal with fuzzy parameters to capture the imprecision of gate delay early in the design phase when empirical data is absent. Dynamic power is normalized as a fuzzy goal without varying coefficients. The fuzzy goals also provide a flexible platform for multimetric optimization. The robust GTFUZZ (Fuzzy Game Theory) algorithm is compared against fuzzy linear programming (FLP) and deterministic worst-case FLP (DWCFLP) algorithms. Benchmark circuits are first synthesized, placed, routed, and optimized for performance using the Synopsys University 32/28nm standard cell library and technology files. Operating at the optimized clock frequency, results show an average power reduction of about 20% versus DWCFLP and 9% against variation-aware gate sizing with FLP. Timing and timing yield are verified by both Synopsys PrimeTime and Monte Carlo simulations of the most critical paths using HSPICE.
Quantification of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) Without Interference by IGF Binding Proteins

A chemiluminescent dot blot assay has been developed by our laboratory for rapid determinations of IGF-I in serum-free conditioned media (CM) collected from cultured cells. In contrast to IGF-I radioimmunoassays (RIAs), the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) did not interfere with the dot blot assay and did not require the laborious (and sometimes ineffective) removal of IGFBPs. Although all six IGFBPs were shown to bind to 125I IGF-I, none interfered with IGF-I detection on nitrocellulose dot blots. In contrast, an RIA using the same Oncogene monoclonal antibody (clone 82-9A) showed interference by IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-4. The IGF-I dot blot assay was sensitive (0.125 − 8.0 ng IGF-I), specific (assay crossreactivity with IGF-II is less than 1%), and reproducible (intra-assay variance≤ 6%; inter-assay variance <12%) when chemiluminescence was quantified by phosphorimager and Molecular Analyst software (BioRad). The apparent sensitivity of the enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) reagent to serum, precludes t...