cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transhorizon Propagation Measurements From a Simultaneous; Frequency and and Angle Scan Experiment

An analysis of data from three sets of experiments in transhorizon microwave propagation is presented. In each set, a 3-Gc/s signal was transmitted over a 163-km path, and the wave arriving at the receiver was examined using a rapidly scanning phased-array antenna. In one mode of operation, transmitter and receiver were synchronously swept over a 20-Mc/s frequency band. The results show considerable variability in all quantities derived from the data. Received power patterns on occasions were scarcely broader than the receiving antenna pattern and at other times showed considerable power arriving off the great-circle bearing. A classification of such patterns into "stable” and “ unstable” showed no strong association with time of day. Signal level distributions were often, but by no means always, of the Rayleigh form. The time lag required for the signal autocorrelation to drop to 0.5 — indicative of fading period — varied from a half second to a few seconds. A similar measure of transmissable bandwidth — in terms of frequency correlation — showed a variability from 1 or 2 Mc/s to more than 20. The interrelationship between all these quantities, and their connection with meteorological parameters, showed interesting individual relationships but no clear-cut overall pattern, except for a general increase in signal level associated with pronounced inversions. In comparison with various atmospheric models, it becomes obvious that no single simple model is sufficient. On some occasions the received signal showed characteristics predicted from the theory of incoherent scatter by turbulent eddies: distorted angular response patterns with an average beam broadening, Rayleigh-type signal level distribution, a modest fading rate, and limited transmissable bandwidth. On other occasions, the records showed evidence of marked atmospheric stability and stratification: unbroadened and undistorted antenna response patterns, a more restricted and non - Rayleigh signal level distribution, variable fading rates, and extremely wide bandwidths. There are still other cases where these associations are not well defined.
Docking studies of 3,5-disubstituted thiazolidinedione chalcones as PPAR-γ agonist

PPARs play crucial role in the regulation of cellular differentiation, development and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in human, of which PPAR- ? has pivotal role in glucose homeostasis. In modern drug designing, molecular docking is routinely used for understanding drug receptor interaction. In the present study molecular docking were performed on a diverse set of 3,5-disubstituted thiazolidinedione chalcone derivatives that demonstrate antidiabetic activity by stimulating PPAR- ?. Among the designed analogues, e3 , a3, b3 and c3 showed significant binding free energy of -12.29, -12.04, -11.53 and -11.45 kcal/mol with predicted inhibitory constant values of 987.38 pM, 1.5, 3.53 and 4.04 nM respectively and all the selected compounds were compared with standard drug Rosiglitazone.
How to Teach Beginning Students in the Clinical Setting

Early clinical experiences are increasingly emphasized in medical school curricula. These experiences help students develop clinical skills, professional identity, and comfort in the clinical environment. To effectively teach beginning medical students, supervising physicians can maximize the effectiveness of shadowing experiences, teach digestible clinical pearls, engage patients and other members of the healthcare team as teachers, and arrange time for student-driven inquiry, investigation, and reflection.
Second-Order Properties

In this chapter, we consider second-order properties of block bootstrap estimators for estimating the sampling distribution of a statistic of interest. The basic tool for studying second-order properties of block bootstrap distribution function estimators is based on the theory of Edgeworth expansions.
Presentation and Reading Level of Sleep Brochures: Are They Appropriate for Sleep Disorders Patients?

Objective: Sleep-disorders patients must be given information and health education they understand. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to assess suitability of American Sleep Disorders Association and National Sleep Foundation patient education brochures; and (2) to assess one widely used brochure, using patient input and patient literacy level, as a model for development of future materials. Design: Twelve American Sleep Disorders Association and National Sleep Foundation brochures were assessed for reading level using Grammatik, and for design, presentation, and motivating qualities using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM). Patient literacy level was assessed using the Rapid Estimate Of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM). Setting: The Louisiana State University Medical Center sleep clinic, faculty private sleep clinic, and in the sleep center laboratory. Patients or Participants: During the months of February-May 1997, 170 sleep disorders patients, 39% African American, 59% white participated in the study. Participants ranged in age from 18-73 years, with a mean age of 46. Measurements and Results: Suitability scores for the 12 brochures indicate that none scored in the superior range, 83% scored adequate, and 17% scored not suitable. Ninety-four percent of the brochures were written on a 12th grade level or higher, yet 37% of the sleep patients tested were reading at less than a 9th grade level. Low-level readers were significantly more likely than their higher-reading-level counterparts to report that a brochure was too long (22% vs 12%; p<.05), and that they would need help reading it (44% vs 3%; p<.001). Conclusions: Patients need sleep information given to them on a level they understand. When developing and selecting appropriate materials, reading level, length, and suitability of written material should be considered.
Interlayer Accessibility in Layered Double-Metal Hydroxides

The accessibility of the interlayer space in layered double-metal hydroxides is being reflected by their sorption of nitrogen and hydrocarbons. The results indicate that the interlayer space of dehydrated materials intercalated with [Fe 11 (CN) 6 ] 4− and [Fe III (CN) 6 ] 3− anions is accessible to molecules as large as methyl eyelohexane whereas even nitrogen is excluded from the interlayer space in the material intercalated with NO 3 − anions. These findings confirm that their microporosity can be widely changed by varying the size and charge of the intercalating anions.
Modern Cosmology and Anthropic Fine-Tuning: Three approaches

The anthropic fine-tuning of the cosmos refers to the claim that the laws of nature, the constants of physics, and the initial conditions of the universe must be set to an enormous degree of precision for embodied conscious agents to exist. Three major responses have been offered to this fine-tuning: the multiverse explanation; theism; and the claim that it is just a brute fact that requires no further explanation. In this chapter, I will consider each explanation in turn, and provide some novel arguments for the superiority of a theistic or related explanation. In the last section, I will show how whether or not one adopts a theistic or related explanation can significantly influence what features of the universe one considers in need of further scientific explanation, and the type of scientific explanation that one should find satisfactory. In particular, I will argue that in some cases atheism, not theism, serves as a science stopper in discouraging a search for deeper scientific explanations of phenomena.
Electrical Centrality Measures for Power Grids

This chapter investigates measures of centrality that are applicable to power grids. Centrality measures are used in network science to rank the relative importance of nodes and edges of a graph. Here we define new measures of centrality for power grids that are based on its functionality. More specifically, the coupling of the grid network can be expressed as the algebraic equation YU = I, where U and I represent the vectors of complex bus voltage and injected current phasors; and Y is the network admittance matrix which is defined not only by the connecting topology but also by the network’s electrical parameters and can be viewed as a complex-weighted Laplacian. We show that the relative importance analysis based on centrality in graph theory can be performed on power grid network with its electrical parameters taken into account. In the chapter the proposed electrical centrality measures are experimented with on the NYISO-2935 system and the IEEE 300-bus system. The centrality distribution is analyzed in order to identify important nodes or branches in the system which are of essential importance in terms of system vulnerability. A number of interesting discoveries are also presented and discussed regarding the importance rank of power grid nodes and branches.
Did The Private Securities Reform Act Work As Congress Intended

In 1995 Congress passed the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act to address several perceived abuses in securities fraud class actions. In the aftermath of Enron, WorldCom, and other high profile securities litigation, critics suggest that the law made it easier for firms to escape securities fraud liability and thus created a climate conducive to fraud. Proponents maintain that the PSLRA has deterred the filing of nonmeritorious cases. This article employs 4,600 class actions filed from 1990 through 2009 contained in the Securities Class Action Services database to explore whether the PSLRA achieved Congress’s twin goals of “curb[ing] frivolous, lawyer-driven litigation, while preserving investors’ ability to recover meritorious claims.” The empirical evidence suggests that, in many respects, the PSLRA did achieve several of Congress’ goals. There has been a reduction in the number of securities class actions filed. The PSLRA has improved overall case quality, particularly in the circuit with most stringent interpretation of the heightened pleading standard. In general, Congress seems to have achieved its goal of reducing the race to the court by increasing the filing delay in securities class actions. However, a stricter interpretation of the pleading standard does not affect this. The PSLRA does little to reduce the incidence of litigation for high technology issuers, but the evidence suggests that the litigation risk has substantially decreased for these issuers. Overall, the monitoring of attorney’s effort increased, but institutional investors are no better at monitoring than other lead plaintiffs. The findings also suggest that lead plaintiffs forcing plaintiff’s attorneys to compete for designation as lead counsel has resulted in lower attorney’s fees. The observed effect is greater when the lead plaintiff is an institutional investor.
Describing clothing by semantic attributes

Describing clothing appearance with semantic attributes is an appealing technique for many important applications. In this paper, we propose a fully automated system that is capable of generating a list of nameable attributes for clothes on human body in unconstrained images. We extract low-level features in a pose-adaptive manner, and combine complementary features for learning attribute classifiers. Mutual dependencies between the attributes are then explored by a Conditional Random Field to further improve the predictions from independent classifiers. We validate the performance of our system on a challenging clothing attribute dataset, and introduce a novel application of dressing style analysis that utilizes the semantic attributes produced by our system.
Characterization of Nanoparticles by Scattering Techniques

Basic principles and applications of different scattering techniques (including static and dynamic light scattering (SLS and DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS)) on the characterization of nanoparticles are reviewed in this paper. By choosing a suitable scattering technique or a combination of different techniques for nanoparticle characterization, the particles' molecular weight, radius of gyration, hydrodynamic radius, size distribution, shape and internal structure as well as interparticle interactions of nanoparticles, can be determined. Examples including some sophisticated colloidal systems are presented.
Let’s Move! with Michelle Obama

In 2010, First Lady Michelle Obama launched the Let’s Move! campaign to drastically reduce childhood obesity within one generation. Concurrently, President Barack Obama formed the first White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity. Obesity is an urgent health issue for many Americans but is particularly problematic for American Indian/Native Alaskan, Black, and Hispanic children. Let’s Move! and the Task Force shared five goals: encourage healthy pregnancies and early childhood, empower parents and caregivers to make healthy choices, provide healthy food in schools, improve access to healthy affordable foods in communities, and increase physical activity. This chapter analyzes Let’s Move! literature, Michelle Obama’s speeches and writing, media coverage of the initiative, and Task Force reports to assess the initiative’s success in meeting these goals.
Spatially Resolved Proteome Profiling of <200 Cells from Tomato Fruit Pericarp by Integrating Laser-Capture Microdissection with Nanodroplet Sample Preparation

Due to sensitivity limitations, global proteome measurements generally require large amounts of biological starting material, which masks heterogeneity within the samples and differential protein expression among constituent cell types. Methods for spatially resolved proteomics are being developed to resolve protein expression for distinct cell types among highly heterogeneous tissues, but have primarily been applied to mammalian systems. Here we evaluate the performance of cell-type-specific proteome analysis of tomato fruit pericarp tissues by a platform integrating laser-capture microdissection (LCM) and a recently developed automated sample preparation system (nanoPOTS, nanodroplet processing in one pot for trace samples). Tomato fruits were cryosectioned prior to LCM and tissues were dissected and captured directly into nanoPOTS chips for processing. Following processing, samples were analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS. Approximately 1900 unique peptides and 422 proteins were identified on average from ∼0.04 m...
Psychological Treatments for PTSD

This chapter reviews what specific psychosocial treatments are available for adults with PTSD, as well as those for children and adolescents. Each treatment approach is described along with data from clinical trials with regard to its effectiveness. Psychoeducation and peer counseling approaches are described. Individual psychotherapeutic approaches discussed include cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) such as prolonged Exposure (PE) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT). In addition, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), psychodynamic psychotherapy and other individual therapies are discussed as well as couples, family and group approaches (inculding school-based treatments). Applications of internet, telehealth and mobile app technology to enhance treatment effectiveness is also discussed.
Neighborhood social cohesion and viral suppression after HIV diagnosis

Social cohesion has varying effects on health. We investigated the association of perceived neighborhood social cohesion with HIV viral suppression using individual-level data from the New York City HIV registry and surveillance-based interviews (n = 92). Suppression was achieved within 12 months of HIV diagnosis by 60 percent of persons perceiving low cohesion and 71 percent of those perceiving high (p = 0.31). Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics and neighborhood poverty, per proportional hazards regression, cohesion was not associated with suppression (adjusted hazards ratio (95% confidence interval) for high versus low cohesion: 0.79 (0.49-1.28)). Cohesion may have heterogeneous effects on HIV medication adherence.
Spread of Camponotus novogranadensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a non-native carpenter ant in Florida.

The New World carpenter ant Camponotus novogranadensis Mayr has a broad, apparently continuous range, extending from subtropical Brazil (29.8°S) to central Mexico (∼23.7°N). In 2012, a non-native population of C. novogranadensis was discovered in southwestern Florida. Here, I examine the ecology and geographic distribution of C. novogranadensis, and report additional records of C. novogranadensis in Florida. I documented C. novogranadensis at five sites in southwestern Florida from Estero to Fort Myers in Lee County (26.4°—26.5°N) and at nine sites in southeastern Florida ranging Delray Beach to Boynton Beach in Palm Beach County (26.4°—26.5°N). Although I found two well-established populations of C. novogranadensis at the same latitudes in southwestern and southeastern Florida, I did not find this species anywhere in the >150 km between. It is likely that C. novogranadensis will continue to spread in Florida, possibly impacting native ants.
Dealloying and morphology evolution of ordered and disordered Cu3Au

Abstract This research compares the electrochemical behavior and morphology evolution of nanoporous gold made from dealloying parent-phase ordered and disordered Cu3Au. Using electron backscatter diffraction, we found that dealloying of both sets of Cu-Au samples leaves the grain orientations and grain shapes essentially unaltered with respect to that of the parent phase alloys. The mean ligament diameter, characterized by digital image analysis, made from the disordered alloy was 124 nm and that from the ordered alloy was 135 nm. A statistical T-test showed that this difference was not significant.
An Insiders’ View!

Judging, making the right choice is one of life’s important problems. Whether it be on decisions pertaining to life or work; making the call is like tying the bell around a cat’s neck. One may even learn to appreciate the Henkin Semantics but can never claim to be the best judge. It is just a never-ending learning process. Science has its share of instances where good judgment is needed to make correct choices. Basically, you try to limit your errors in making the choices and this is possible by better understanding the situation at hand.
“Wild Beasts of the Philosophical Desert”: Religion, Science, and Spirituality in a Post-secular Age

This article explores the popular genre of “spirituality and science” against the backdrop of the dominant religion-secular-science classifications. Science has come to exemplify secularity in the ...
Fear of Negative Evaluation: Differences amongst librarians

The “fear of negative evaluation” (FNE), is a social anxiety construct that affects many workers. This does not necessarily mean that the subject believes they are performing badly, just that they are afraid of having performance evaluated negatively by others. The “Fear of Negative Evaluation” instrument created by David Watson and Ronald Friend was used. Results indicate that FNE does exist amongst librarians, more prevalently in women, younger librarians, and those at the beginnings of their career. The paper also offers further information, advice, and suggestions for improving workplaces for those with FNE.
Non-coding RNA in raw and commercially processed milk and putative targets related to growth and immune-response.

BACKGROUND Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) that play a role in cellular communication, acting in either an autocrine, paracrine, or an exocrine manner. The unique properties of the EVs protect the cargo against degradation. We profiled the ncRNAs (non-coding RNA) present in the EVs from seven dairy products - raw whole milk, heat-treated skim milk, homogenized heat-treated skim milk, pasteurized homogenized skim milk, pasteurized heavy whipping cream, sweet cream buttermilk and cultured buttermilk with four replicates each, obtained at different processing steps from a commercial dairy plant. EVs and their cargo were extracted by using a validated commercial kit that has been shown to be efficient and specific for EVs. Further, to find the annotation of ncRNAs, we probed bovine and other organism repositories(such as miRBase, miRTarBase, Ensemble) to find homolog ncRNA annotation in case the annotations of ncRNA are not available in Bos Taurus database. RESULTS Specifically, 30 microRNAs (miRNAs), were isolated throughout all the seven milk samples, which later when annotated with their corresponding 1546 putative gene targets have functions associated with immune response and growth and development. This indicates the potential for these ncRNAs to beneficially support mammary health and growth for the cow as well as neonatal gut maturation. The most abundant miRNAs were bta-miR-125a and human homolog miR-718 based on the abundance values of read count obtained from the milk samples.bta-miR-125a is involved in host bacterial and viral immune response, and human homolog miR-718 is involved in the regulation of p53, VEGF, and IGF signaling pathways, respectively. Sixty-two miRNAs were up-regulated and 121 miRNAs were down-regulated throughout all the milk samples when compared to raw whole milk. In addition, our study explored the putative roles of other ncRNAs which included 88 piRNAs (piwi-interacting RNA), 64 antisense RNAs, and 105 lincRNAs (long-intergenic ncRNAs) contained in the bovine exosomes. CONCLUSION Together, the results indicate that bovine milk contains significant numbers of ncRNAs with putative regulatory targets associated with immune- and developmental-functions important for neonatal bovine health, and that processing significantly affects the ncRNA expression values; but statistical testing of overall abundance(read counts) of all miRNA samples suggests abundance values aren't much affected. This can be attributed to the breakage of exosomal vesicles during the processing stages. It is worth noting, however, that these gene regulatory targets are putative, and further evidence could be generated through experimental validation.
A Comparative Study on Distancing, Mask and Vaccine Adoption Rates from Global Twitter Trends

COVID-19 is a global health emergency that has fundamentally altered human life. Public perception about COVID-19 greatly informs public policymaking and charts the course of present and future mitigation strategies. Existing approaches to gain insights into the evolving nature of public opinion has led to the application of natural language processing on public interaction data acquired from online surveys and social media. In this work, we apply supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches on global Twitter data to learn the opinions about adoption of mitigation strategies such as social distancing, masks, and vaccination, as well as the effect of socioeconomic, demographic, political, and epidemiological features on perceptions. Our study reveals the uniform polarity in public sentiment on the basis of spatial proximity or COVID-19 infection rates. We show the reservation about the adoption of social distancing and vaccination across the world and also quantify the influence of airport traffic, homelessness, followed by old age and race on sentiment of netizens within the US.
Role of Policy in Development of Business Models for Battery Storage Deployment: The California Case Study

California has been one of the early adopters of new energy storage technologies within the United States. The state has used multiple policy initiatives such as deployment targets, financial incentives, and market mechanism to facilitate such a market development. This motivates us to try to understand the various business models in the state and the minimum set of barriers that must be overcome for its successful deployment (and thereby development of the market). In our study, the former is achieved by assessing the various projects in the state, and the latter by creating a barrier-solution framework and verifying it by identifying the role of various policies/drivers in supporting various business models within California. We find that there are predominantly three business models in California: one for each Front-of-the-Meter, Behind-the-Meter, and Aggregated Behind-the-meter. We also find that at least one barrier from barrier categories associated with market demand and project economics along with all the barriers related to interconnection and market participation must be addressed for successful deployment of energy storage. Additionally, we recommend policy makers seeking to develop an energy storage market to start with developing Behind-the-meter market as it requires the least amount of intervention and then move to developing Front-of-the-meter market, and finally to aggregation of Behind-the-meter market.
Fold2Seq: A Joint Sequence(1D)-Fold(3D) Embedding-based Generative Model for Protein Design

Designing novel protein sequences for a desired 3D topological fold is a fundamental yet non-trivial task in protein engineering. Challenges exist due to the complex sequence--fold relationship, as well as the difficulties to capture the diversity of the sequences (therefore structures and functions) within a fold. To overcome these challenges, we propose Fold2Seq, a novel transformer-based generative framework for designing protein sequences conditioned on a specific target fold. To model the complex sequence--structure relationship, Fold2Seq jointly learns a sequence embedding using a transformer and a fold embedding from the density of secondary structural elements in 3D voxels. On test sets with single, high-resolution and complete structure inputs for individual folds, our experiments demonstrate improved or comparable performance of Fold2Seq in terms of speed, coverage, and reliability for sequence design, when compared to existing state-of-the-art methods that include data-driven deep generative models and physics-based RosettaDesign. The unique advantages of fold-based Fold2Seq, in comparison to a structure-based deep model and RosettaDesign, become more evident on three additional real-world challenges originating from low-quality, incomplete, or ambiguous input structures. Source code and data are available at this https URL.
Modeling-based design and benchmarking of Al-rich AlGaN 3D nanosheet MOSFET and MOSHEMTs for RF Applications

As a result of the continually growing demand for wireless signals, the electromagnetic spectrum has become heavily crowded. An expedient route toward overcoming the spectrum scarcity is to create the key components of wireless transceivers, such as power amplifiers (PAs), using new semiconductor technologies that can operate at near-terahertz frequencies, while also delivering high output power on the order of 10's of W/mm. Owing to their large bandgap, ability to host polarization-induced two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), superior electron transport properties at high temperatures, the ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) Al-rich AlGaN semiconductors [1] have become an attractive candidate for efficient power amplification at high frequencies [ Fig. 1(a) ].
MTW-OPAL—A Technology Development Platform for Ultra-Intense All-OPCPA Systems

Activation results will be presented for MTW-OPAL, a new all-OPCPA laser using technologies suitable for kilojoule-femtosecond systems, highlighting 140-nm-wide amplification in DKDP to >10 J with 30% efficiency and subsequent recompression to 20 fs.
Patient Blood Management in Pediatric Anesthesiology

This review will illustrate the challenges and benefits of patient blood management (PBM) in pediatric surgical patients. We provide practical guidance on managing preoperative anemia, current recommendations on transfusions thresholds, and a discussion on the use of anti-fibrinolytics for optimizing intraoperative hemostasis. There are few well-designed studies to provide evidence for pediatric PMB guidelines, but several new publications provide good evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of preoperative anemia, the use of restrictive transfusion strategies, and the use of prophylactic anti-fibrinolytics in large blood loss surgeries. Adult PBM programs have received much attention across surgical specialties as a way to decrease blood transfusions and improve patient outcomes. However, pediatric PBM programs have lagged behind due to a lack of high-grade evidence, a heterogeneous population requiring age and diagnosis-dependent considerations, and limited resource allocation. This study reviews important evidence regarding PMB strategies in pediatric patients.
Basement Membrane of Small Diameter Xenogeneic Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds Modulate Quiescent Human Endothelial Cell Monolayer Formation

Off-the shelf small diameter vascular grafts are an attractive alternative to eliminate the need and shortcomings of autologous tissue for vascular grafting. Bovine saphenous vein (SV) extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds are potentially ideal small diameter vascular grafts, due to their inherit architecture and signaling molecules capable of driving proper cell behavior and regeneration. However, harnessing this potential is predicated on the ability of the scaffold generation technique to maintain the delicate structure, composition and associated function of native vascular ECM. Previous decellularization methods have been uniformly demonstrated to distupt the delicate basement membrane (BM) components of native vascular ECM. Here we demonstrate bovine SV ECM scaffolds generated using the novel antigen removal (AR) approach results in retention of native BM protein composition (e.g., Collagen IV and laminin), structure and cell modulatory function. Presence of BM proteins in AR vascular ECM scaffolds increases endothelial cell migration and proliferation, appropriate formation of adherence junction and apicobasal polarization, increased secretion of nitric oxide, and modulates endothelial cell quiescence. We conclude that presence of intact native vascular BM in AR SV ECM scaffolds modulate human endothelial cell behaviors which are essential for vessel homeostasis.
Investigating the Characteristics and Responses of Diacetylene Based Materials as Spray-On Colorimetric Sensors

Polydiacetylene based sensors have been used for a variety of sensing applications. Here we demonstrate that diacetylene-containing amphiphiles could be spray processed to provide unique sensor coatings that may be applied to a variety of material surfaces. Utilizing an airbrushing technique, we examined processing parameters to yield spray-on sensors for detecting UV, temperature, as well as chemical/solvent targets depending on the pendant side chain chemistry of the resulting polydiacetylene coating. We observed that the concentration, carrier solvent, and UV exposure time had a significant effect on the colorimetric response of the sprayed on coating with better responses observed at higher amphiphile concentration and shorter polymerization times. We expect this approach to generating spray-on responsive coatings will provide a widely deployable means for detection that may be customized for a variety of sensing applications.
Indirect Measurement of Building Ventilation Rate for Manurebelt Laying Hen House Using CO2 Balance

Direct measurement of building ventilation rate in livestock housing is a formidable task due to uncontrollable variations in fan and system performance. Estimating building ventilation rate based on a CO2 -balance offers a potentially viable alternative to direct measurement. Building ventilation rates obtained by direct measurement and by a CO2 balance were compared in this study for a commercial laying hen house with manure belts. The results indicate that ventilation rates estimated by the CO2 balance method were not significantly different (P>0.2) from those as determined by the direct measurement when the averaging or integration time interval was two hours or longer.= Careful application of the CO2 balance method will greatly improve the affordability and versatility of endeavors toward quantifying air emissions from confined animal housing.
Two types of global environmental change: Definitional and spatial-scale issues in their human dimensions

Abstract Clarification of several issues in the human dimensions of global environmental change is essential to the creation of a balanced research agenda. Global environmental change includes both systemic changes that operate globally through the major systems of the geosphere-biosphere, and cumulative changes that represent the global accumulation of localized changes. An understanding of the human dimen sions of change requires attention to both types through research that integrates findings from spatial scales ranging from the global to the local. A regional or meso-scale focus represents a particularly promising avenue of approach.
Effect of ripening on the mechanical properties of Portuguese and Spanish varieties of olive (Olea europaea L)

The mechanical properties of the table olive, Hojiblanca and Douro varieties from Spain and Portugal respectively, were determined. The results showed that in a tensile test the skin was stronger and stiffer than the flesh. This was also reflected by the strain at failure of the two tissues, the skin being less deformable than the flesh. During ripening, the strength of both skin and flesh of Hojiblanca decreased, whereas the skin and flesh of Douro increased and decreased in strength respectively. In general, Hojiblanca tissues were stronger than Douro tissues. A softening phenomenon was detected during ripening in the flesh of both varieties. The stiffness of the skin of Hojiblanca decreased significantly during ripening, whereas that of the skin of Douro increased but to a lesser extent. However, in general, the skin and flesh of Hojiblanca were stiffer than those of Douro. A cutting test enabled the determination of skin and flesh toughness. However, it is suggested that the flesh contributed to the measurement of skin toughness in the early stages of ripening, as reported for other commodities. The flesh of Hojiblanca was tougher than that of Douro, with both decreasing in toughness during ripening.
Characterization of ATP11 and detection of the encoded protein in mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expression of functional F1-ATPase requires two proteins encoded by the ATP11 and ATP12 genes. Mutations in either gene block some crucial late step in assembly of F1, causing the alpha and beta subunits to accumulate in mitochondria as inactive aggregates (Ackerman, S. H., and Tzagoloff, A. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 4986-4990). In the present study we have cloned and determined the sequence of ATP11. The encoded product is protein of 37 kDa with no obvious homology to any known protein. In vitro import assays of ATP11 precursor and immunochemical evidence indicate that the protein is located in mitochondria. A fusion was made between ATP11 and a short sequence coding for 78 amino acids with the biotination signal of bacterial transcarboxylase. The protein expressed from this construct complements atp11 mutants, indicating that the addition of the extra 78 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus of the ATP11 protein does not compromise its function. The hybrid protein is detected in mitochondria with antibodies and with peroxidase-conjugated avidin. Biotinated ATP11 protein can be partially purified by affinity chromatography on monomeric or tetrameric avidin coupled to Sepharose. A fraction eluted from the avidin column and enriched for the biotinated ATP11 protein also contains the alpha and beta subunits of F1-ATPase.
Improved survival of newborns receiving leukocyte transfusions for sepsis

To determine the role of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte transfusions in neonates with sepsis, 23 consecutive newborns were prospectively randomly selected during an 18-month period in a treatment plan to receive polymorphonuclear leukocyte transfusions with supportive care or supportive care alone. Thirteen neonates received transfusions every 12 hours for a total of five transfusions. Each transfusion consisting of 15 mL/kg of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was subjected to 1,500 rads of radiation. The polymorphonuclear leukocytes were obtained by continuous-flow centrifugation leukapheresis and contained 0.5 to 1.0 X 10(9) granulocytes per 15 mL with less than 10% lymphocytes. Positive findings on blood cultures were obtained in 14/23 patients and seven were randomly selected for each treatment group. Absolute granulocyte counts were less than 1,500/microL in 13 patients but tibial bone marrow examinations revealed that the neutrophil supply pool was depleted in only three patients. The survival was significantly greater in the treatment group compared with the group that did not receive transfusions.
Seismic Results from DOE’s Non-Proliferation Experiment: A Comparison of Chemical and Nuclear Explosions

The basic results from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Non-Proliferation Experiment (NPE) for seismic signal generation are that the source function for a chemical explosion is equivalent to that of a nuclear explosion of about twice the yield and that the seismic moment measurements are consistent between freefield, local, and regional measurements. In addition, evidence was found that Pn in the Basin and Range province of the western United States is a turning ray and is simply proportional to the source function while the transfer functions for Pg and Lg are low-pass in nature.
Identification of a glutamic acid at the active center of bovine carboxypeptidase B.

Abstract The glutamic acid residue at the active center of bovine carboxypeptidase B was labeled with α-N-bromoacetyl-d-[5-14C]arginine and the alkylated protein was hydrolyzed with pepsin. A 14C-labeled peptide fraction was isolated in a 52% yield by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 followed by ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose. Compositional and end group analysis, in addition to enzymatic hydrolysis with carboxypeptidases A and B, aminopeptidase M, and trypsin, suggest the following amino acid sequence: Thr-Phe-Glu-Leu-Arg-Asp-Lys-Gly-Arg-Tyr-Gly-Phe. A comparison with the glutamic acid-containing sequence at the active sites of carboxypeptidases A and B revealed nearly complete homology.
Globalization and Multilingualism: Case Studies of Indigenous Culture-Based Education from the Indian Sub-Continent and Their Implications.

This paper presents some of the major program initiatives honoring Indigenous knowledge, culture, heritage, arts, and skills through curricular reforms and culturally appropriate educational practices on the Indian sub-continent. It presents case studies of Indigenous culture-based education, with reference to mother tongue and multicultural education practices and discusses their implications.
Fuel cell powered UPS systems: design considerations

In this paper a 1 kVA fuel cell powered line-interactive UPS system employing modular (fuel cell and power converter) blocks is introduced. Two commercially available PEMFC (25-39 V, 500 W) modules along with suitable DC/DC and DC/AC power electronic converter modules are employed. A supercapacitor module is also employed to compensate for the instantaneous power fluctuations and overcome the slow dynamics of the fuel processor such as reformers. Further energy stored in the supercapacitor is also utilized to handle a momentary overload such as 200% for a short duration. Due to the absence of batteries, the system satisfies the demand for an environmentally friendly clean source of energy. A complete design example illustrating the amount of hydrogen storage required for 1 hr power outage, and sizing of supercapacitors for transient load demand is presented for a 1 kVA UPS. Simulation and experimental results show the validity and feasibility of the 1 kVA fuel cell power plant.
Observations on the butchering technique of some aboriginal peoples. 1

During the identification of the osteological material from two archaeological sites (39FA23 and 39FA83) in the Angostura Reservoir basin, South Dakota, the distribution of the various elements began to assume a pattern which invited closer examination on the chance that inferences might be drawn concerning the method of preparing the carcass for food. Although the numerical count of the elements is subject to the accidents of preservation and the size of the excavation, the distribution of the various elements from an excavation which meets the archaeological requirements is probably a reasonably accurate reflection of the parts brought into camp, since one element has as good a chance of being preserved as another.
Patient autonomy and the unfortunate choice between repatriation and suboptimal treatment.

In his article “Can Medical Repatriation Be Ethical?” (2012), Mark Kuczewski outlines three criteria that must be met in order for it to be permissible for a patient to be sent back to his or her c...
BLACK AND WHITE MAPS FROM COLOR

This article describes a technique for transforming maps rendered in colour to acceptable black and white copy for publication. Area symbols can be more easily utilized for cartographic purposes if they are rendered in pigments by various methods, rather than through the use of pre-printed commercial screens. Savings in cost and time, greater reduction possibilities and more graphic original maps, can be obtained through the described method. Discernable steps in the gray scale are somewhat reduced however, but the technique offers some opportunities of expression for the practicing cartographer. Le present article fait la description d'une technique permettant de transformer des cartes en couleurs en cartes en noir et blanc de qualite acceptable en vue de la publication. Les motifs representant diverses surfaces sont plus faciles a utiliser a des fins cartographiques s'ils sont rendus par des pigments, a l'aide de diverses methodes, plutot qu'a l'aide de trames pre-imprimees disponibles dans le commerce....
High-speed stroboscopic multispectral imaging of fluorescent probes in living cells

Studies using fluorescent probes to determine the distribution of physiologically important ions and molecules have been the focus of much interest. Some of these probes may be used to measure the actual concentration of chemical species within cells if measurements are made at two or more wavelengths. However, because of the low photon levels of fluorescent emission at the single cell level, current intensified cameras yield useful information at about 1 second time resolution. Many biologically relevant change; in ionic composition in cells take place much more rapidly than this, therefore requiring a faster imaging system to study these processes in a localized manner. A fast digital fluorescence microscope capable of obtaining dual wavelength images at 30 images per second is described. It can record up to six minutes of data while switching excitation wavelength between image frames.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Selective IgA deficiency temporally associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Cet article decrit un enfant presentant un deficit acquis d'IgA apres une infection par le virus d'Epstein-Barr. L'infection par ce virus doit donc etre discutee dans le diagnostic differentiel du deficit acquis d'IgA
Value of serum 125Ca levels: Does the result preclude second look?

Forty-five women with known histories of ovarian cancer underwent reoperative surgery. Thirty-seven patients underwent routine second-look laparotomy and eight patients were reexplored with clinical evidence of disease with the intent of re-resection. Preoperative CA 125 levels were obtained. Evaluation as to the predictive value of the CA 125 level and operative findings show a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 54%. Twenty of the forty-five patients had gross disease present on reoperation. Twenty patients were found to have persistent disease at reoperation. Twenty-five percent of patients with CA 125 levels less than or equal to 35 U/ml and 37% of these with CA 125 levels greater than 35 U/ml were resectable to no gross disease at the completion of the reoperation. CA 125 levels greater than or less than 35 U/ml were not predictive of the potential for re-resectability of the tumor.
An empirical test of why incumbents adopt campaign spending limits

The fact that incumbents generate and spend more campaign funds than challengers raises the question of why incumbents set campaign spending limits. The Canadian federal elections between 1979 and 2000 are used to evaluate three theoretically plausible explanations: to limit costly effort; to reduce the probability that well-funded candidates buy-off elections; to maximize the incumbent’s vote-share. It is estimated that the marginal benefit of low levels of campaign spending are greater for majority candidates than challengers, but that diminishing returns set in more quickly, indicating that a well-chosen limit could maximize the majority candidate’s vote-share. The actual and estimated optimal majority vote maximizing campaign spending limits compare favorably.
The potential role of glucose transport changes in hot flash physiology: a hypothesis.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to detail a novel hypothesis regarding the role of changes in brain glucose delivery in menopausal hot flashes. Organizing Framework: The impaired glucose de...
Laser assisted densification of surface porosity in structural alumina ceramic

Alumina ceramics are extensively used in structural components due to excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The effective utilization of alumina ceramic in these applications necessitates the minimization of inherent processing defects such as porosity. Laser processing can be effectively used for densification of the surface porosity of these ceramics especially desirable for the applications where ceramics are exposed to high temperatures and aggressive environments. The present study discusses the influence of laser processing fluence on the surface porosity of the alumina ceramic irradiated with a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser beam. A detailed scanning electron microscopy characterization was carried out to indicate the mechanism of densification of porosity during laser irradiation based on development of solidification microstructures. Finally, a fractal geometry based approach was introduced to characterize the surface microstructures such that useful correlation can be developed for the prediction of surface porosity directly from the fractal dimensions. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Commentary on antemortem markers of Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Longitudinal studies of lateral ventricular volume using quantitative computer assisted tomography, combined with studies of cerebral metabolism and of cognitive dysfunction using positron emission tomography and neuropsychological tests, constitute a battery of markers that describe Alzheimer's disease in relation to severity.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Nanosized Hollow Hematite

Nanosized hollow iron oxide was synthesized using high-intensity ultrasound with carbon nanoparticles as a template. The hollow iron oxide was characterized by TEM, STEM, EELS, XRD, Raman, Mossbauer, and SQUID analyses. The TEM examination, EDS, and EELS analyses demonstrated the formation of iron oxide with nanosized hollow cores. XRD, Raman, and Mossbauer studies revealed that the hollow iron oxide is the most thermodynamically stable iron oxide, hematite (α-Fe2O3). Magnetization measurements showed that the hollow nanospheres of hematite are weakly ferromagnetic. Upon annealing, the hollow hematite becomes more crystalline but still maintains the hollow structure. Without the use of the carbon template, only agglomerated amorphous iron oxide was obtained.