cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Joint Routing and Scheduling of Mobile Charging Infrastructure for V2V Energy Transfer

An adequate charging infrastructure advocates to ameliorate the range anxiety to propel the disparaged EV market. But, the high installation cost, requirement of suitable places and anticipated immense load on the grid during peak times hinder to elongate the charging station network. Fortunately, the bidirectional energy transferring capability between vehicles may act as an auxiliary solution to charge an EV at any place and at any time without leaning on a stationary charging infrastructure. In this work, we assume a market where charging providers each has a number of charging trucks equipped with a larger battery and a fast charger to charge a number of EVs at some particular parking lots. A provider intends to maximize the served EVs using its limited charging trucksAll charging requests are assumed to be received by an agent which provisions a route and schedule for each charging truck and all trucks should return to the depot after serving EVs. We formulate this combinatorial problem as an ILP to maximize the served EVs . We present a solution methodology by decomposing the problem using Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition approach; we divide the problem into one master and a set of pricing problems and achieve the solution iteratively.
The Effect of Constitutional Gender Equality Clauses

During the second-half of the twentieth century, clauses guaranteeing gender equality became a common feature of national constitutions. In that same period, de facto gender equality noticeably improved around the world. It is not clear, however, whether these trends are related. We explore the relationship between constitutional gender equality clauses and de facto gender equality using three different research methods: (1) cross-country regressions using data on national constitutions and gender equality; (2) a natural experiment made possible by the forced inclusion of a gender equality provision in Japan’s constitution; and (3) a survey experiment conducted in Japan on the effect of information on Japan’s legal obligations and support for reforms that would improve gender equality. Across all three methods, we find no evidence that constitutionalizing the right to gender equality translates into improved de facto gender equality. We conclude by offering some suggestive evidence that constitutional clauses guaranteeing maternity leave and protecting motherhood may be associated with improved gender equality, but these findings need further investigation.
Biomechanical mechanisms of atypical femoral fracture

Abstract Antiresorptives such as bisphosphonates (BP) and denosumab are commonly used osteoporosis treatments that are effective in preventing osteoporotic fractures by suppressing bone turnover. Although these treatments reduce fracture risk, their long-term use has been associated with atypical femoral fracture (AFF), a rare potential side effect. Despite its rare occurrence, AFF has had a disproportionately significant adverse impact on society due to its severe outcomes such as loss of function and delayed healing. These severe outcomes have led to the decrease in the use and prescription of osteoporosis treatment drugs due to patient anxiety and clinician reluctance. This creates the risk for increasing osteoporotic fracture rates in the population. The existing information on the pathogenesis of AFF primarily relies on retrospective observational studies. However, these studies do not explain the underlying mechanisms that contribute to AFF, and therefore the mechanistic origins of AFF are still poorly understood. The purpose of this review is to outline the current state of knowledge of the mechanical mechanisms of AFF. The review focuses on three major potential mechanical mechanisms of AFF based on the current literature which are (1) macroscale femoral geometry which influences the stress/strain distribution in the femur under loading; (2) bone matrix composition, potentially altered by long-term remodeling suppression by BPs, which directly influences the material properties of bone and its mechanical behavior; and (3) microstructure, potentially altered by long-term remodeling suppression by BPs, which impacts fracture resistance through interaction with crack propagation. In addition, this review presents the critical knowledge gaps in understanding AFF and also discusses approaches to closing the knowledge gap in understanding the underlying mechanisms of AFF.
Factors associated with symptom distress in women with breast cancer prior to initiation of chemotherapy.

Background Symptom distress in women with breast cancer is associated with early discontinuation of chemotherapy and may influence treatment outcomes. Describing racial differences in prechemotherapy symptom distress and examining contextual variables of the symptom experience may inform our understanding of the complex problem of racial disparities in breast cancer. Aim To determine if perceived social support, healthcare system distrust, and economic hardship predict symptom distress in women with breast cancer prior to their first chemotherapy treatment. Design Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional. Methods Baseline data (N = 119) was used from a multisite, longitudinal study comparing the symptom experience and ability to receive chemotherapy of Black and White women with breast cancer (R01MD012245; Rosenzweig, PI). Measures included the Symptom Distress Scale, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, Health Care System Distrust Scale, and Psychological Sense of Economic Hardship scale. The analysis consisted of multiple regression and a t-test. Results On average, participants reported five symptoms prior to chemotherapy. Black women reported higher symptoms distress than White women; t(68.34) = 2.15, p = 0.035. The model explained 26% of variance in symptom distress; F(5, 112) = 9.01, p Conclusion Assessment of perceived financial hardship prior to beginning chemotherapy is critical to identify those patients at risk for greater symptom distress.
Reactions of methyl groups on a non-reducible metal oxide: The reaction of iodomethane on stoichiometric α-Cr2O3(0001)

Abstract The reaction of iodomethane on the nearly stoichiometric α-Cr2O3(0001) surface produces gas phase ethylene, methane, and surface iodine adatoms. The reaction is initiated by the dissociation of iodomethane into surface methyl fragments, − CH3, and iodine adatoms. Methyl fragments bound at surface Cr cation sites undergo a rate-limiting dehydrogenation reaction to methylene, = CH2. The methylene intermediates formed from methyl dehydrogenation can undergo coupling reactions to produce ethylene via two principle reaction pathways: (1) direct coupling of methylene and (2) methylene insertion into the methyl surface bond to form surface ethyl groups which undergo β-H elimination to produce ethylene. The liberated hydrogen also combines with methyl groups to form methane. Iodine adatoms from the dissociation of iodomethane deactivate the surface by simple site blocking of the surface Cr3 + cations.
Integrative Therapies to Support Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Lung Disease

Patients with advanced lung disease are living longer. They constitute a significant proportion of the US population suffering with serious chronic illness whose quality of life (QOL) is suboptimal due to inadequately assessed or addressed high symptom burden from their disease. Early integration of palliative care’s interdisciplinary approach can improve the illness experience of these patients and their families. It can improve their satisfaction with care and facilitate transition of care to less aggressive interventions when appropriate. Timely hospice care referral can minimize patient and family suffering at end of life. Improved clinician identification of symptom burden and communication of prognosis are skills needed to permit earlier palliative and hospice care. Evidence-based integrative or complementary therapies can be utilized to effectively supplement allopathic palliative treatment of multidimensional symptoms expressed by seriously ill patients and families. Further research is needed to strengthen the evidence base for integrative therapy in chronic lung disease and to determine the most optimal point and delivery method for integration of palliative approaches into treatment plans for these patients.
Household structure and marriage in urban China: 1900-1982.

The present paper...[examines] some of the changes in [the] family institution [in China] since 1900 with particular attention to: (1) age at first marriage; (2) freedom of mate choice; (3) postmarital residence; [and] (4) family structure....The data are from a survey conducted in 1982-1983 in the urban areas of Chinas five big cities--Chengdu Shanghai Nanjing Tianjing and Beijing. (EXCERPT)
Changes in symptoms during urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome symptom flares: findings from one site of the MAPP Research Network.

Aims To provide the first description and quantification of symptom changes during interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome symptom exacerbations (“flares”).
Computer security: theory, process and management

The Internet backbone servers were attacked and Web traffic slowed for a few hours, the Nimbda worm used Microsoft Web servers to infect all those downloading Web pages until appropriate patches were applied and credit card information is stolen every day. These are just some well known examples of breaches in computer security, but it is difficult to define computer security. Even when you get a good dictionary definition it is difficult to give a systematic description of the entire field. This paper gives a high-level overview of computer security that organizes the mass of seemingly unrelated subjects of computer security into a manageable whole. They key concept of the organization is that computer security consists of some basic theory, like cryptography and network protocols; a software engineering process that is used to systematically develop computer security systems and management techniques that are used to keep a computer security system operating.The organization of computer security described in the paper is the result of experiences gained in developing a one semester course on computer security that gives students a real understanding of all aspects of computer security. The course has an introduction to cryptography, but is not overly mathematical. It uses software engineering techniques to develop computer security systems, but does not follow any one known modeling technique. And, while discussing intrusion detection, it is not a dictionary on hacking. The course is a Web-based distance education course and has some unique assignments, described in the paper that can be done by students who do not have access to university labs.
Token and Taboo: Behavior Modification, Token Economies, and the Law

Not surprisingly, legal concepts from the prisoners' rights movement have begun to spill over into the area of the rights of the institutionalized mentally ill. Since the mental patient movement is free of the law and order backlash that restrains the legal battles of prisoners, it may evoke considerable sympathy from the public, the legislatures, and the courts. Commentators and authorities have recently directed attention to important pro cedural problems in the administration of psychiatric justice1 and to the legal issues presented by various methods of therapy. Legal restrictions on a hospital's right to subject unwilling patients to electroconvulsive therapy2 and psychosurgery3 are develop ing rapidly, and close scrutiny is now being given to "aversive" techniques of behavior modification and control4 ? such as procedures for suppressing transvestism by administering painful electric shocks to the patient while dressed in women's clothing, and procedures for controlling alcoholism or narcotics addiction by arranging medically for severe nausea or even temporary paralysis (including respiratory arrest) to follow
Work Systems and IT Artifacts - Does the Definition Matter?

Lurking just under the surface of longstanding debates about rigor versus relevance and about the core and scope of the IS field is the question of whether inadequate definitions of basic terms is an obstacle to progress. This article focuses on whether the definition of IT artifact or work system really matters. It identifies five definitions of IT artifact and IT-enabled work system, and then looks in detail at whether the definition of work system mattered in Jasperson, Carter, and Zmud’s [2005] article in MIS Quarterly about post-adoptive behaviors. It argues that their definition perhaps affected their conceptualization of post-adoptive behaviors. It presents an alternative model illustrating how a different definition and greater attention to work system issues might have led to a different conceptualization that addresses different issues.
Data spider: a resilient mobile basestation protocol for efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks

Traditional deployments of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) rely on static basestations to collect data. For applications with highly spatio-temporal and dynamic data generation, such as tracking and detection applications, static basestations suffer from communication bottlenecks and long routes, which cause reliability and lifetime to plummet. To address this problem, we propose a holistic solution where the synergy of the WSN and the mobile basestation improves the reliability and lifetime of data collection. The WSN component of our solution is a lightweight dynamic routing tree maintenance protocol which tracks the location of the basestation to provide an always connected network. The mobile basestation component of our solution complements the dynamic tree reconfiguration protocol by trailing towards the data generation, and hence, reducing the number of hops the data needs to travel to the basestation. While both protocols are simple and lightweight, combined they lead to significant improvements in the reliability and lifetime of data collection. We provide an analytical discussion of our solution along with extensive simulations.
Nucleotide sequence, transcript mapping, and regulation of the RAD2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The authors determined the nucleotide sequence, mapped the 5' and 3' nRNA termini, and examined the regulation of the RAD2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A long open reading frame within the RAD2 transcribed region encodes a protein of 1031 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 117,847. A disruption of the RAD2 gene that deletes the 78 carboxyl terminal codons results in loss of RAD2 function. The 5' ends of RAD2 mRNA show considerable heterogeneity, mapping 5 to 62 nucleotides upstream of the first ATG codon of the long RAD2 open reading frame. The longest RAD2 transcripts also contain a short open reading frame of 37 codons that precedes and overlaps the 5' end of the long RAD2 open reading frame. The RAD2 3' nRNA end maps 171 nucleotides downstream of the TAA termination codon and 20 nucleotides downstream from a 12-base-pair inverted repeat that might function in transcript termination. Northern blot analysis showed a ninefold increase in steady-state levels of RAD2 mRNA after treatment of yeast cells with UV light. The 5' flanking region of the RAD2 gene contains several direct and inverted repeats and a 44-nuclotide-long purine-rich tract. The sequence T G G A G G Cmore » A T T A A found at position - 167 to -156 in the RAD2 gene is similar to at sequence present in the 5' flanking regions of the RAD7 and RAD10 genes.« less
Endemic Insects in the Ogasawara Islands: Negative Impacts of Alien Species and a Potential Mitigation Strategy

The impact of invasive alien species on endemic insects in the Ogasawara Islands and current efforts to mitigate this impact are described. Endemic insects have probably been impacted most by the green anole ( Anolis carolinensis carolinensis) as a result of its direct predation pressure, although alien trees such as bishopwood ( Bischofia javanica) and ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia ) have also had substantial indirect impacts.
Storage technologies: an education opportunity

Are current IT students ready for the explosive growth in information? IDC reports that 988 billion gigabytes of new digital information will be created by 2010 [1]. IT managers face the task of creating an infrastructure which can Store, Protect, Manage, Optimize and Leverage this information. IT departments are implementing and using SAN (Storage Area Networks), NAS (Network Attached Storage), and Data Replication technologies to solve the problems of storage capacity, data availability, and data mobility. IDC predicts that IT spending on storage and services will exceed $60 billion in 2007 [2]. Increased spending on storage makes it the fastest growing segment of IT.EMC Corporation, the world leader in storage, created the EMC Academic Alliance Program. EMC partners with colleges by providing courses to teach students about storage technologies. Courses are taught by faculty. Several colleges are using courses, as upper level elective offerings, to teach students about the design of storage technologies and the "big picture" of an information infrastructure. The courses are "open" and focused on storage technologies, not products. EMC also provides knowledge transfer to faculty. There is no cost to join and no cost to obtain the courses.
ANALYTIC DESCRIPTION OF STATISTICS OF SPECTRA OF QUANTUM GRAPHS

We discuss how to obtain exact and approximate distributions for various statistical characteristics of the spectra of quantum graphs using previously found exact solutions of the spectral problem. We indicate the relation between the appearing spectral decompositions and the theory of weakly dependent random variables and indicate the relation between the known limit theorems for trigonometric sums and the universal statistical properties of the spectra of quantum chaotic systems.
Deformation twinning in intermetallic compounds—the dilemma of shears vs. shuffles

In this paper the geometric description and general theory of mechanical twinning are reviewed, the twins in general lattices and superlattices are summarized, and the kinematic process by which mechanical twins form is revisited. A case study of mechanical twinning of HfV2 + Nb, a C15 (cubic) Laves phase, is presented and the synchroshear of selected atomic layers is proposed to explain the physical process of twin formation. If the twins form in this way, then long shear vectors and/or atomic shuffles are not really necessary.
Selective black hostility toward Jewish and non-jewish whites

In brief, a clear majority of blacks (62%) did not differentiate their antiwhite prejudice on the basis of ethnicity Of those who did, however, 16% score low on anti-Semitism but high on antiwhite attitudes Conversely, 22% score in the reverse direction, suggesting the presence of a selective aggression factor reserved for Jews Black anti-Semitism may be tied, in part, to the perception of black-Jewish conflict over economic matters These economic matters, a consequence of middleman relations, serve as special sources of intolerance against Jews, independent of black attitudes toward other whites
Minireview: The Year in Review of Estrogen Regulation of Metabolism

Gonadal steroids are critical regulators of physiology, yet we approach physiology and science with the simplest perspective/model, the male one. Female models of whole animal physiology are complex to study and, therefore, are often not used in research. Estrogens are one of the sex hormones that we know are important for both men and women. Estrogens regulate key features of metabolism such as food intake, body weight, glucose homeostasis/insulin sensitivity, body fat distribution, lipolysis/lipogenesis, inflammation, locomotor activity, energy expenditure, reproduction, and cognition. Furthermore, estrogens have multiple sites of action including some unexpected ones, which was demonstrated elegantly through a series of papers this year.
Evidence that the 40,000 Mr phosphoprotein influenced by high frequency synaptic stimulation is the alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase.

Abstract We have previously shown that brief periods of high frequency synaptic stimulation of the rat hippocampus influence the endogenous phosphorylation of a 40,000 Mr brain protein (Browning et al. 6 ). The results of the present study demonstrate that this brain phosphoprotein is enriched in a purified mitochondrial fraction and co-migrates with the α-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Comparisons of total and partial proteolytic fingerprints indicate that the two proteins are essentially identical. In addition, the phosphorylation of the 40,000 Mr brain protein is sensitive to both dichloroacetate and magnesium as has been reported for pyruvate dehydrogenase 35 . Taken together these data provide persuasive evidence that the brain protein is the a-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase and thereby raise the possibility that even very short periods of synaptic activity influence an enzyme of particular importance to mitochondrial metabolism in brain.
CD8 T Cells in Innate Immune Responses: Using STAT4-Dependent but Antigen-Independent Pathways to Gamma Interferon during Viral Infection

The cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ), with antimicrobial and immunoregulatory functions, can be produced by T cells following stimulation through their T cell receptors (TCRs) for antigen. The innate cytokines type 1 IFNs and interleukin-12 (IL-12) can also stimulate IFN-γ production by natural killer (NK) but not naive T cells. High basal expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), used by type 1 IFN and IL-12 to induce IFN-γ as well as CD25, contributes to the NK cell responses. During acute viral infections, antigen-specific CD8 T cells are stimulated to express elevated STAT4 and respond to the innate factors with IFN-γ production. Little is known about the requirements for cytokine compared to TCR stimulation. Primary infections of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) demonstrated that although the elicited antigen-specific CD8 T cells acquired STAT4-dependent innate cytokine responsiveness for IFN-γ and CD25 induction ex vivo, TCR stimulation induced these through STAT4-independent pathways. During secondary infections, LCMV-immune CD8 T cells had STAT4-dependent IFN-γ expression at times of innate cytokine induction but subsequently expanded through STAT4-independent pathways. At times of innate cytokine responses during infection with the antigen-distinct murine cytomegalovirus virus (MCMV), NK and LCMV-immune CD8 T cells both had activation of pSTAT4 and IFN-γ. The T cell IFN-γ response was STAT4 and IL-12 dependent, but antigen-dependent expansion was absent. By dissecting requirements for STAT4 and antigen, this work provides novel insights into the endogenous regulation of cytokine and proliferative responses and demonstrates conditioning of innate immunity by experience. Importance: Understanding the regulation and function of adaptive immunity is key to the development of new and improved vaccines. Its CD8 T cells are activated through antigen-specific receptors to contribute to long-lasting immunity after natural infections or purposeful immunization. The antigen-receptor pathway of stimulation can lead to production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), a cytokine having both direct antimicrobial and immunoregulatory functions. Natural killer cells can also produce IFN-γ in response to the innate cytokines type 1 IFNs and/or interleukin-12. This work demonstrates that CD8 T cells acquire parallel responsiveness to innate cytokine signaling for IFN-γ expression during their selection and development and maintain this capability to participate in innate immune responses as long-lived memory cells. Thus, CD8 T cells are conditioned to play a role in innate immunity, and their presence under immune conditions has the potential to regulate resistance to either secondary challenges or primary infections with unrelated agents.
Notes on the negative temperature coefficient of resistance and superconductivity of niobium nitride thin films

Abstract NbN thin films have been studied which exhibit both a negative TCR in the normal state and superconductivity. The disappearance of superconductivity along these films appears to be caused by the onset of strong localization of the electronic states in the interislandic regions.
Cellular Particle Dynamics Simulation Of Bioprinted 3d Tissue Constructs

Previous studies have shown that under certain conditions living tissues and multicellular aggregates behave as highly visco-elastic liquids. Tissue liquidity, brought about by cellular adhesion and motility, forms the basis of the newly developed bioprinting technology, which is used to design and build 3D tissue constructs by employing computer-controlled layer-by-layer deposition of bioink (submillimeter size cell aggregate) droplets onto biopaper (biocompatible gel). In order to describe and predict the self-assembly process of bioprinted multicellular constructs we have developed a computer simulation method referred to as cellular particle dynamics (CPD). In CPD cells are modeled as an ensemble of cellular particles (CPs) that interact via short range contact interactions, characterized by an attractive (adhesive interaction) and a repulsive (excluded volume interaction) component. The time evolution of the spatial conformation of the multicellular system is determined directly by recording the trajectories of all CPs through integration of their equations of motion. The cellular level CP model parameters are related to the experimentally measurable tissue level biophysical quantities (e.g., surface tension, viscosity and shear modulus) by comparing the results from selected benchmark experiments (e.g., compression and fusion of spherical cell aggregates) with those from the corresponding CPD simulations. Here we apply the CPD method to describe and predict in silico the post-bioprinting time evolution of the formation of tubular multicellular structures (which resemble primitive blood vessels). Our CPD simulations take substantially less time and effort than the corresponding experiments and, most importantly, provide results in good agreement with the experimental ones.Work supported by the National Science Foundation [FIBR-0526854]. Computer time provided by the University of Missouri Bioinformatics Consortium.
Recurrent contralateral abducens nerve palsy in acute unilateral sphenoiditis

Abstract Objective We describe a patient who presented with recurrent, contralateral abducens nerve palsy resulting from acute sphenoiditis. Methods Patient medical record and imaging studies were reviewed. A literature review of complications of sphenoiditis was performed. Results Our patient presented with symptoms consistent with an upper respiratory tract infection, as well as severe headache, disequilibrium, and diplopia. Physical examination demonstrated left-sided sixth cranial nerve palsy. Imaging studies were consistent with right sphenoid sinus inflammatory disease. Her medical history was significant for a similar episode 9 years previously, which was managed medically. The current episode was treated acutely with antibiotics and prednisone. Upon resolution of her symptoms, she underwent an endoscopic sphenoidotomy. Conclusions Although cranial nerve palsies associated with isolated sphenoiditis have been reported, we describe a unique case of recurrent isolated sphenoiditis causing contralateral abducens nerve palsy. Acute management can be medical, with surgical therapy reserved for refractory cases or to prevent future episodes.
NEW, STRONGLY CONSERVATIVE FINITE-VOLUME FORMULATION FOR FLUID FLOWS IN IRREGULAR GEOMETRIES USING CONTRAVARIANT VELOCITY COMPONENTS: PART 2, ASSESSMENT

Abstract A strongly conservative finite-volume procedure is presented for flows in complex geometries. The technique is based on a complete transformation of the governing equations, and physical velocity components, rather than the traditionally used Cartesian velocity components, are used as primitive variables. It was found that projecting the discretized vector transport equation in the direction of the covariant base vectors eliminated two substantial difficulties associated with flows in complex geometries. These difficulties stem from the presence of cross-pressure gradient terms and the need for a transformation between the different types of curvilinear velocity components in the mass conservation equation. It is shown that the present formulation ensures that the computational scheme is diagonally dominant. It was found that partially implicit treatment of nonorthogonal diffusion terms improved the convergence rate primarily for high-cell-Reynolds-number values. For nonstaggered grids, a new sol...
TGF-β control of cell proliferation

This article focuses on recent findings that the type V TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR-V), which co-expresses with other TGF-beta receptors (TbetaR-I, TbetaR-II, and TbetaR-III) in all normal cell types studied, is involved in growth inhibition by IGFBP-3 and TGF-beta and that TGF-beta activity is regulated by two distinct endocytic pathways (clathrin- and caveolar/lipid-raft-mediated). TGF-beta is a potent growth inhibitor for most cell types, including epithelial and endothelial cells. The signaling by which TGF-beta controls cell proliferation is not well understood. Many lines of evidence indicate that other signaling pathways, in addition to the prominent TbetaR-I/TbetaR-II/Smad2/3/4 signaling cascade, are required for mediating TGF-beta-induced growth inhibition. Recent studies revealed that TbetaR-V, which is identical to LRP-1, mediates IGF-independent growth inhibition by IGFBP-3 and mediates TGF-beta-induced growth inhibition in concert with TbetaR-I and TbetaR-II. In addition, IRS proteins and a Ser/Thr-specific protein phosphatase(s) are involved in the TbetaR-V-mediated growth inhibitory signaling cascade. The TbetaR-V signaling cascade appears to cross-talk with the TbetaR-I/TbetaR-II, insulin receptor (IR), IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), integrin and c-Met signaling cascades. Attenuation or loss of the TbetaR-V signaling cascade may enable carcinoma cells to escape from TGF-beta growth control and may contribute to the aggressiveness and invasiveness of these cells via promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT). Finally, the ratio of TGF-beta binding to TbetaR-II and TbetaR-I is a signal controlling TGF-beta partitioning between two distinct endocytosis pathways and resultant TGF-beta responsiveness. These recent studies have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying TGF-beta-induced cellular growth inhibition, cross-talk between the TbetaR-V and other signaling cascades, the signal that controls TGF-beta responsiveness and the role of TbetaR-V in tumorigenesis.
Computerized Trigonometric Method for Rotation of Structurally Tilted Sedimentary Directional Features

The graphical stereonet methods usually employed to obtain original direction of dip and original amount of dip from cross-beds in structurally tilted strata are time-consuming and subject to operator error. A trigonometric solution has been devised and a FORTRAN IV computer program has been written to perform the rotations. The pole positions of (1) the plane of the horizontal, (2) the plane of normal bedding, and (3) the plane of cross-bedding form a spherical triangle in which two sides and the enclosed angle are known. Trigonometric functions are used to solve for the remaining side (amount of original dip) and one of the remaining angles (from which the azimuth of the rotated dip direction can be determined). Inputs to the computer program are strike and dip of normal beds and strike and dip of cross-beds as usually recorded in the field, for example, N. 30° E., 40° SE.; N. 50° E., 55° SE. Special provision is made for rotations on overturned beds. Output is the azimuth of the rotated dip direction and amount of rotated dip, for example, 172, 21. The results can be fed directly to another program to calculate vector means and other statistical parameters. This trigonometric computer method can be used to perform other types of rotations, either to the horizontal or to a specified plane, for structural analyses.
Antipropulsive effects of central and peripheral morphine in the rat gastrointestinal tract

The antipropulsive effects of centrally or peripherally administered morphine have been examined at three levels of the rat gastrointestinal tract. Adult male rats were anaesthetized with pentobarbitone (50 mg kg-1 i.p.) and were implanted with an intraluminal catheter in either the proximal duodenum or mid-jejunum. Other animals were also implanted with a cannula in the right lateral cerebral ventricle. Gastric emptying and transit were determined selectively by measuring the progression of a radioactive chromium (CR-51) solution, given intragastrically for tests of gastric emptying or instilled into the proximal or distal intestinal catheter for determination of intestinal transit, 30 min after administration of morphine or saline given either subcutaneously (s.c.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Morphine given either s.c. (5 mg kg-1) or i.c.v. (30 micrograms, total dose) significantly inhibited gastric emptying and transit through bulk portions of the small intestine indicating that by either route it inhibits propulsion at all three levels of the gastrointestinal tract.
Universal local strain in solid-state amorphization: The atomic size effect in binary alloys

Abstract The atomic size effect in binary alloy systems during solid-state amorphization by particle irradiation is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The critical dosage of irradiation for amorphization is decreased by increasing the atomic size mismatch or the solute concentration. The analysis of the atomic level strain shows that that the atomic-level strain distribution depends on the atomic species in the crystalline lattice, while it is almost the same in all glass systems. Amorphization occurs when the atomic-level strain reaches the universal critical value, which is independent of packing fraction, density, concentration and atomic size ratio. The nature of the universal strain is discussed in relation to the glass transition phenomenon.
Effect of NOx on Secondary Organic Aerosol Concentrations

The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) module in PMCAMx, a three-dimensional chemical transport model, has been updated to incorporate NOx-dependent SOA yields. Under low-NOx conditions, the RO2 radicals react with other peroxy radicals to form a distribution of products with lower volatilities, resulting in higher SOA yields. At high-NOx conditions, the SOA yields are lower because aldehydes, ketones, and nitrates dominate the product distribution. Based on recent laboratory smog chamber experiments, high-NOx SOA parametrizations were created using the volatility basis-set approach. The organic aerosol (OA) concentrations in the Eastern US are simulated for a summer episode, and are compared to the available ambient measurements. Changes in NOx levels result in changes of both the oxidants (ozone, OH radical, etc.) and the SOA yields during the oxidation of the corresponding organic vapors. The NOx dependent SOA parametrization predicts a maximum average SOA concentration of 5.2 μg m−3 and a domain average ...
Critical potentials and correlation functions in the minus two dimensional matrix model

Abstract We review the construction and exact solution of the critical points of the matrix model with a pair of anti-commuting coordinates. The generic critical point describes c = −2 matter coupled to two-dimensional quantum gravity, while other critical points do not obey KPZ-DDK scaling, and have not yet been identified. We define scaling operators which perturb each of the critical points towards others, and find their correlation functions to all orders in the genus expansion. We also discuss other operators, which perturb the c = −2 matrix model towards K = 2, 3,… critical points of the one-matrix model. Some of their correlation functions diverge, and these divergent amplitudes are proportional to the correlation functions of the topological gravity.
Lamellar Grating Far-Infrared Interferomer

The new variable-groove-depth grating-type interferometer that was used to obtain experimental interferograms and spectra used for short and long wavelengths (λ 4 mm), together with its construction and testing, is described.
Clathrin promotes centrosome integrity in early mitosis through stabilization of centrosomal ch-TOG.

Clathrin depletion by ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) impairs mitotic spindle stability and cytokinesis. Depletion of several clathrin-associated proteins affects centrosome integrity, suggesting a further cell cycle function for clathrin. In this paper, we report that RNAi depletion of CHC17 (clathrin heavy chain 17) clathrin, but not the CHC22 clathrin isoform, induced centrosome amplification and multipolar spindles. To stage clathrin function within the cell cycle, a cell line expressing SNAP-tagged clathrin light chains was generated. Acute clathrin inactivation by chemical dimerization of the SNAP-tag during S phase caused reduction of both clathrin and ch-TOG (colonic, hepatic tumor overexpressed gene) at metaphase centrosomes, which became fragmented. This was phenocopied by treatment with Aurora A kinase inhibitor, suggesting a centrosomal role for the Aurora A–dependent complex of clathrin, ch-TOG, and TACC3 (transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3). Clathrin inactivation in S phase also reduced total cellular levels of ch-TOG by metaphase. Live-cell imaging showed dynamic clathrin recruitment during centrosome maturation. Therefore, we propose that clathrin promotes centrosome maturation by stabilizing the microtubule-binding protein ch-TOG, defining a novel role for the clathrin–ch-TOG–TACC3 complex.
Meridional ionospheric electric field caused by curvature current in the magnetosphere

Abstract The bending of geomagnetic field lines towards the geotail produces a curvature drift of charged particles parallel to the geomagnetic axis. The divergence of the current so produced forms Birkeland current to the ionosphere where a meridional electric field is created. This field would drive ionospheric currents to form a negative magnetic bay in the dawn sector of the auroral zone and a positive one in the dusk sector. Also it would cause a dawn-dusk field across the polar cap.
Communities of Dissensus

Beth Hinderliter, William Kaizen, et al., eds (Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2009) Communities of Sense: Rethinking Aesthetics and Politics assembles a number of essays by art hist...
Uniform versus priority dropping for layered video

In this paper, we analyze the relative merits of uniform versus priority dropping for the transmission of layered video. We first present our original intuitions about these two approaches, and then investigate the issue more thoroughly through simulations and analysis in which we explicitly model the performance of layered video applications. We compare both their performance characteristics and incentive properties, and find that the performance benefit of priority dropping is smaller than we expected, while uniform dropping has worse incentive properties than we previously believed.
Impact of Role Discrepancies on Caregiver Burden Among Spouses

Using caregiver identity theory, the authors investigated whether role discrepancies mediated the relationships between illness-related stressors (activities of daily living [ADLs] limitations and problem behaviors) and burden (stress, relationship, and objective burden) for spouse caregivers. Participants completed measures of identity standards for spouse and caregiver roles and behaviors, burden, assistance with ADLs, and problem behaviors. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that role discrepancies completely mediated the relationships between ADLs and stress and relationship burden. Although role discrepancies mediated the relationships between problem behaviors and all forms of burden, there were direct relationships between problem behaviors and burden. Finally, participants who exceeded their relationship identity standards experienced greater burden. Supporting caregiver identity theory, the results suggest that ADL assistance is burdensome for caregivers when it highlights inconsisten...
Terahertz Backscattering Behavior of Various Absorbing Materials

The Submillimeter-Wave Technology Laboratory (STL) at the University of Massachusetts Lowell has investigated the electromagnetic scattering behavior of various broadband absorbers. Several absorbing materials were tested in a compact radar range operating at a center frequency of 160 GHz. The polarimetric radar cross section was measured at elevation angles from 15° to 75°. In addition to the backscattering behavior, the normal incidence transmittance of the materials was evaluated.
The propagation of binding interactions to remote sites in proteins: Analysis of the binding of the monoclonal antibody D1.3 to lysozyme

The interaction of a ligand with a protein occurs at a local site (the binding site) and involves only a few residues; however, the effects of that interaction are often propagated to remote locations. The chain of events initiated by binding provides the basis for fundamental biological phenomena such as allosterism, signal transduction, and structural-stability modification. In this paper, a structure-based statistical thermodynamic approach is presented and used to predict the propagation of the stabilization effects triggered by the binding of the monoclonal antibody D1.3 to hen egg white lysozyme. Previously, Williams et al. [Williams, D. C., Benjamin, D. C., Poljak, R. J. & Rule, G. S. (1996) J. Mol. Biol. 257, 866-876] showed that the binding of this antibody affects the stability of hen egg white lysozyme and that the binding effects propagate to a selected number of residues at remote locations from the binding epitope. In this paper, we show that this phenomenon can be predicted from structure. The formalism presented here permits the identification of the structural path followed by cooperative interactions that originate at the binding site. It is shown that an important condition for the propagation of binding effects to distal regions is the presence of a significant fraction of residues with low structural stability in the uncomplexed binding site. A survey of protein structures indicates that many binding sites have a dual character and are defined by regions of high and low structural stabilities. The low-stability regions might be involved in the transmission of binding information to other regions in the protein.
John Updike and the Film Version of Rabbit, Run: Novel, Script, Movie

The film version of Rabbit, Run was released in 1970, a decade after the publication of Updike's controversial novel. Despite the widespread praise given to Updike during the decade (a National Book Award, best-selling fiction, a Time cover story), the film disappointed both general audiences and critics. The problem was the screenplay by Howard Kreitsek. Lost for four decades, the final shooting script surfaced in 2010. A discussion of specific scenes in the novel and of how Kreitsek transposed them in the shooting script to be rendered by director Jack Smight in the movie underscores why the film fails while the novel brilliantly succeeds.
Rb-independent Induction of Apoptosis by Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 E7 in Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor α

Abstract Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) is a small DNA virus that causes fibropapillomas of the host. BPV-1 has served as the prototype for studies of the molecular biology of the papillomaviruses. BPV-1 efficiently induces anchorage-independent growth and focus formation in murine C127 cells. The transforming properties of BPV-1 primarily reside in two genes, E5 and E6. Each of these genes is sufficient to transform cells. Although no independent transformation activity has been detected for E7, it was shown to be required for full transformation of C127 by BPV-1. We investigated the biological activities of BPV-1 E7 in several assays. Our results indicate that expression of BPV-1 E7 sensitizes cells to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF)-induced apoptosis. The TNF-induced apoptosis in E7-expressing cells was accompanied by increased release of arachidonic acid, indicating that phospholipase A2 was activated. Unlike the E7 proteins from the cancer-related human papillomaviruses, the BPV-1 E7 protein does not associate efficiently with the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) in vitro, nor does it significantly affect the pRB levels in cultured cells. Furthermore, BPV-1 E7 sensitizes Rb-null cells to TNF-induced apoptosis. These studies indicate that BPV-1 E7 can sensitize cells to apoptosis through mechanisms that are independent of pRB.
A Continuous Wave Sonic Anemometer-Thermometer

Abstract A sonic anemometer-thermometer, based on transmission of continuous sound waves and determination of phase angle variations, has been developed. The instrument is designed to measure the fluctuations in the vertical wind component and temperature simultaneously. Measurement of these two quantities enables one to determine the eddy heat flux in the turbulent boundary layer. Field tests indicate that the instrument performs satisfactorily.
Membrane viewpoint on black holes: Gravitational perturbations of the horizon

This paper is part of a series of papers which develop and illustrate the ''membrane'' formalism for black holes. In this formalism, described in earlier papers, the role of the absolute event horizon is played by a two-dimensional surface endowed with electrical, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties. The present paper deals with gravitational perturbations of holes and presents and discusses model problems that illustrate the effects of tidal gravitational fields on stationary holes. The first of these problems demonstrates the use of the Rindler approximation to Schwarzschild spacetime in the case of a static perturbing point mass and clarifies the contribution to the horizon distortion due to forces constraining the motion of the mass point. Subsequent model problems use the Rindler approximation to compute the evolution of distortions of the Schwarzschild or Kerr horizon due to mass points in motion near the horizon.
Hypercalciuric Response to Acute Parathyroidectomy in Rats: Effects of Adrenalectomy

Parathyroidectomy in the rat, whether performed surgically or by cautery, was followed by an increase of urinary calcium during the 4-hr period immediately following the operation. Prior adrenalectomy abolished the response, a fact which necessitates a re-evaluation of the widely held hypothesis that parathyroid hormone increases reabsorption of calcium by a direct action on the renal tubule. Neither prior adrenal demedullation nor treatment with the adrenergic blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine, blocked the hypercalciuric response. It is concluded that the adrenal medulla is not the major factor associated with the hypercalciuric response. The possible role of the adrenal cortex is discussed. Incidental evidence was uncovered which suggested that thyrocalcitonin, endogenously released by cautery, might increase calcium clearance to a limited extent. (Endocrinology 78: 880, 1966)