cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient-specific time-varying association between spatial and temporal variability in repolarization and high sensitivity troponin I

We hypothesized that the patient-specific time-varying changes in the spatial and temporal variability in cardiac repolarization (quantified by spatial TT' angle), and in myocardial injury (measured by high sensitivity troponin I, hsTnI), are independently associated with each other. Spatial TT' angle on resting 12-lead ECG (transformed to vectorcardiogram) and hsTnI were measured simultaneously every 3 hours during a 12-hour observation period in a prospective cohort of emergency department patients (n=379; age 57.8±13.2y; 54% female, 64% black), diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS; n=28), acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF; n=35), or an acute non-cardiac condition (n=316). High (above median) HsTnI in ACS was characterized by significantly larger TT' angle (12±8 vs 5±2 degrees; P=0.01) 12 hours after admission, but not earlier. In adjusted multinomial logit model, spatial TT' angle was associated with ADHF (Relative Risk Ratio 6.24 (95%CI 1.32–29.57; P=0.021), but not ACS. After full adjustment for confounders in random-effect linear regression, a 10 fold increase in hsTnI in a specific study participant was associated with 1.05 (95%CI 0.19–1.92) degrees increase in spatial TT' angle. Longitudinal association of hsTnI and TT' angle was especially prominent in patients with acute non-cardiac conditions, but not in ACS or ADHF.
Automatic Tactical Adjustment in Real-Time: Modeling Adversary Formations with Radon-Cumulative Distribution Transform and Canonical Correlation Analysis

In this paper we introduce two fundamentally different techniques for optimizing counter formations in team sports. In the first technique, we use canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to learn an "explicit" relationship between offensive and defensive formations. We then use the learned CCA components to make predictions about players' spatial position. Experimenting with the basketball dataset (NBA season 2012-2013) we are able to predict players' positions with high precision. In the second technique, we create an image-based representation of the player movements relative to the ball. The mentioned representation enables coaches to assess team formations in a glance. The recently developed Radon Cumulative Distribution Transform (RCDT) was used alongside CCA to analyze the image-based representations. With these techniques, we provide real-time feedback to optimize both players' positions and team formations.
Human Cytomegalovirus Replication Is Inhibited by the Autophagy-Inducing Compounds Trehalose and SMER28 through Distinctively Different Mechanisms.

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the top viral cause of birth defects worldwide, and current therapies have high toxicity. We previously reported that the mTOR-independent autophagy-inducing disaccharide trehalose inhibits HCMV replication in multiple cell types. Here, we examine the mechanism of inhibition and introduce the autophagy inducer SMER28 as an additional inhibitor of HCMV acting through a different mechanism. We find that trehalose induces vacuolation and acidification of vacuoles and that debris, including debris with an appearance consistent with that of abnormal virions, is present in multivesicular bodies. Trehalose treatment increased the levels of Rab7, a protein required for lysosomal biogenesis and fusion, and slightly decreased the levels of Rab11, which is associated with recycling endosomes. We also present evidence that trehalose can promote autophagy without altering cellular glucose uptake. We show that SMER28 inhibits HCMV at the level of early protein production and interferes with viral genome replication in a cell type-dependent fashion. Finally, we show that SMER28 treatment does not cause the vacuolation, acidification, or redistribution of Rab7 associated with trehalose treatment and shows only a modest and cell type-dependent effect on autophagy. We propose a model in which the reciprocal effects on Rab7 and Rab11 induced by trehalose contribute to the redirection of enveloped virions from the plasma membrane to acidified compartments and subsequent degradation, and SMER28 treatment results in decreased expression levels of early and late proteins, reducing the number of virions produced without the widespread vacuolation characteristic of trehalose treatment. IMPORTANCE There is a need for less toxic HCMV antiviral drugs, and modulation of autophagy to control viral infection is a new strategy that takes advantage of virus dependence on autophagy inhibition. The present study extends our previous work on trehalose by showing a possible mechanism of action and introduces another autophagy-inducing compound, SMER28, that is effective against HCMV in several cell types. The mechanism by which trehalose induces autophagy is currently unknown, although our data show that trehalose does not inhibit cellular glucose uptake in cells relevant for HCMV replication but instead alters virion degradation by promoting acidic vacuolization. The comparison of our cell types and those used by others highlights the cell type-dependent nature of studying autophagy.
A Multimedia Support Skills Intervention for Female Partners of Male Smokeless Tobacco Users: Use and Perceived Acceptability.

Background UCare is a new multimedia (website+booklet) intervention for women who want their male partner to quit their use of smokeless tobacco. The intervention is based on research showing that perceived partner responsiveness to social support is highest when the supporter conveys respect, understanding, and caring in their actions. The website included both didactic and interactive features, with optional video components, and special activities to help women develop empathy for nicotine addiction. The booklet reinforced the website content, encouraged women to use the website, and served both as a physical reminder of the intervention and a convenient way to share the information with her partner. Objective The objective of this study was to describe the utilization and acceptability of a multimedia intervention among women seeking to support their partner in quitting smokeless tobacco. Lessons learned with respect to design considerations for online interventions are also summarized. Methods We present the evaluation of the intervention components' use and usefulness in a randomized trial. Results In the randomized clinical trial, more than 250,000 visits were made to the website in a 2-year period, with the vast majority from mobile devices. Of the 552 women randomized to receive the intervention, 96.9% (535/552) visited the website at least once, and 30.8% (170/552) completed the core website component, "The Basics." About half of the women (287/552) used the interactive "Take Notes" feature, and 37% (204/552) used the checklists. Few women used the post-Basics features. At 6 weeks, 40.7% (116/285) reported reading the printed and mailed booklet. Website and booklet use were uncorrelated. User ratings for the website and booklet were positive overall. Conclusions Intervention website designers should consider that many users will access the program only once or twice, and many will not complete it. It is also important to distinguish between core and supplemental features and to consider whether the primary purpose is training or support. Furthermore, printed materials still have value. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01885221; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01885221 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zdIgGGtx).
Does compact development promote a seismic-resistant city? Application of seismic-damage statistical models to Taichung, Taiwan:

This study examines whether compact development promotes a seismic-resistant city. A statistical model is used to simulate seismic damages under four spatial structure scenarios for Taichung, Taiwa...
Proposal for Modification of Cahan's Criteria Utilizing Molecular Genetic Analyses for Cases without Baseline Histopathology: A Unique Method Applicable to Primary Radiosurgery.

Background Cahan's criteria have been utilized since 1948 to establish causality between prior radiation treatment and the development of secondary malignancy. One major criterion specifies that histological and radiographic evidence collected before and after radiation treatment must confirm separate tumor types; however, pretreatment biopsy is rarely obtained prior to radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma and many other skull base and cranial lesions. Therefore, in these cases Cahan's criteria cannot be validly applied. Objective This article proposes an update to Cahan's criteria using modern molecular genetic analysis for cases lacking baseline histopathology. Methods Mate-pair sequencing and whole exome sequencing of a cerebellopontine angle undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma (UHGPS) that developed after stereotactic radiosurgery of a presumed benign vestibular schwannoma. Results Mate-pair sequencing and whole exome sequencing of the sarcoma revealed complex chromosomal aberrations. Notably, the tumor contained a deletion in the NF2 gene at 22q12 and an in-frame deletion on exon 5 of the remaining copy of NF2 . Biallelic events impacting NF2 are atypical for UHGPS but are characteristic for vestibular schwannoma. These findings help support the conclusion that the UHGPS arose from a benign vestibular schwannoma all along. Conclusions Next-generation sequencing can be successfully applied to a radiation-induced sarcoma when both the original and malignant tumors harbor separate signature genetic markers. As our understanding of the genetic profile of various tumors expand, we believe that next-generation sequencing and other genomic tools will play an increasingly important role in establishing causality between radiation and the development of secondary malignancy.
The Exposome: Purpose, Definition, and Scope

Abstract The exposome concept was introduced in 2005 as a way to explain the complex exposures we face as humans. As such, the exposome represents the totality of exposures we face throughout our lives and includes the food we ingest, the air we breathe, the objects we touch, the psychological stresses we face, the activities in which we engage, and the broader social factors that impact our health. One can view the exposome as the environmental analog to the human genome. This chapter examines the meaning of the term, provides an overview of the concept, and explores its potential utility. It also introduces the challenges the scientific community must overcome to make the exposome a useful tool in public health.
Relaxations of Factorable Programs

In Chapter 2, we developed a theory of convex extensions and formalized a technique for building tight relaxations. However, the size of the resulting relaxations can be exponential in the number of variables. In this chapter, we present a slightly modified version of the factorable programming technique due to McCormick (1976) that, when used in conjunction with our relaxation techniques, constructs relaxations that are tight as well as manageable in size and can be generated in an automated fashion. To enable the use of efficient LP software, in Section 4.2 we build linear programming relaxations of the nonlinear convex relaxations using the sandwich algorithm (Rote 1992).
Improving energy and performance with spintronics caches in multicore systems

Spintronic memory (STT-MRAM) is an attractive alternative technology to CMOS since it offers higher density and virtually no leakage current. Spintronic memory continues to require higher write energy, however, presenting a challenge to memory hierarchy design when energy consumption is a concern. Various techniques for reducing write energy have been studied in the past for a single processor, typically focusing on the last-level caches while keeping the first level caches in CMOS to avoid the write latency. In this work, use of STT-MRAM for the first level caches of a multicore processor is motivated by showing that the impact on throughput due to increased write latency is offset in many cases by increased cache size due to higher density. The Parsec benchmark suite is run on a modern multicore platform simulator, comparing performance and energy consumption of the spintronic cache system to a CMOS design. A small, fully-associative level-0 cache is then introduced (on the order of 8-64 cache lines), and shown to effectively hide the STT-MRAM write latency. Performance degradation due to write latency is restored or slightly improved, while cache energy consumption is reduced by 30-50% for 12 of the 13 benchmarks.
The Temporal Scale of Behavioural and Demographic Flexibility: Implications for Comparative Analyses and Conservation

Many primate species exhibit high levels of behavioural variation that correlate with demographic variance across populations and within populations over time. Analyses of these relationships have typically treated behavioural variance as the product of individual responses to local ecological and demographic conditions and therefore indicative of behavioural flexibility. However, in contrast to the extrinsic nature of the variance in ecological conditions such as climate, food availability, or predation pressure, demographic variance can reflect both extrinsic processes and intrinsic properties of individual life histories, such as the timing and rate of fertility and dispersal decisions. If we follow the rationale for interpreting behavioural flexibility, then demographic flexibility would correspondingly reflect the responses of components of individual life histories that are free to vary to external stimuli. The dynamics between behavioural and demographic flexibility can shift over the course of individual lifespans and are expected to affect the size and composition of groups and populations and therefore levels of intrasexual competition and many other features of sociality. These dynamics also affect group and population growth rates, with implications for the recovery and management of small populations and the resilience of large populations subject to rapidly or unpredictably changing conditions. Longitudinal and cross-sectional data from the critically endangered northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) and other primate species provide comparative insights into patterns of behavioural and demographic flexibility that can advance our understanding of primate adaptive potentials and constraints over ecological and evolutionary time.
Optimizing pollen germination and pollen viability estimates for Hydrangea macrophylla, Dichroa febrifuga, and their hybrids

Abstract The genus Hydrangea L. is comprised of some of the most popular ornamental plants in the world. The development of interspecific hybrids between Hydrangea species and within the family Hydrangeaceae would increase genetic diversity in the Hydrangea breeding pool and lead to unique combinations of desirable traits. Protocols to estimate Hydrangea pollen viability need to be optimized in order to perform basic studies on self- and cross-incompatibility, fertility of hybrids, formation of unreduced gametes, and pollen storage. Our goal is to quantify pollen production in Dichroa, Hydrangea, and their hybrids, determine the optimal media for pollen germination, and develop a series of correlations between staining and germinating that can be applied to stained pollen for a rapid, precise estimate of viability. Production of round versus oblong pollen grains was heavily influenced by species (F = 335.8, p
The research impact of school psychology faculty.

Hirsch's (2005) h index has become one of the most popular indicators of research productivity for higher education faculty. However, the h index varies across academic disciplines so empirically established norms for each discipline are necessary. To that end, the current study collected h index values from Scopus and Google Scholar databases for 401 tenure-track faculty members from 109 school psychology training programs. Male faculty tended to be more senior than female faculty and a greater proportion of the male faculty held professorial rank. However, female faculty members outnumbered males at the assistant and associate professor ranks. Although strongly correlated (rho=.84), h index values from Google Scholar were higher than those from Scopus. h index distributions were positively skewed with many faculty having low values and a few faculty having high values. Faculty in doctoral training programs exhibited significantly larger h index values than faculty in specialist training programs and there were univariate differences in h index values across academic rank and sex, but sex differences were not significant after taking seniority into account. It was recommended that the h index be integrated with peer review and diverse other indicators when considering individual merit. Language: en
Evaluation Study of the Performance of Dual Core Energy Recovery System for Dwellings in the Arctic

In extreme cold climates, conventional single core heat/energy recovery ventilators experience major problems with ice formation on the extracted airside and frequently under-perform or fail. A dual core design could overcome the performance of single core design units and meet the rigorous requirement for operation in the North. The evaluation of the performance of a dual core unit was undertaken using dual environmental chambers capable of reproducing the typical outdoor and indoor conditions with regard to temperature and relative humidity. Experiments were conducted under a range of outdoor cold temperatures, and indoor conditions identified for housing in the Arctic. The dual core ERV was found to be capable of withstanding a temperature of down to −37 °C without deteriorating its thermal performance, and therefore was more frost-tolerant than conventional single core units. In conclusion, the dual core design system could be a feasible option for extreme cold climates.
Do Nursing Home Residents With Dementia Receive Pain Interventions

This study compares pain interventions received by nursing home residents with and without dementia. Secondary data analyses of cross-sectional data from 50,673 nursing home residents in New York State were collected by the Minimum Data Set 3.0. Frequency distributions and bivariate analyses with χ2 tests were used to organize and summarize the data. Logistic regression analyses were performed to quantify the relationship between dementia and pain interventions. Our results show that residents with dementia had significantly fewer pain assessments and less reported pain presence than their counterparts. After adjusting for covariates, the results indicate that residents with dementia were significantly less likely to receive pro re nata and nonmedication pain intervention. However, there were no significant differences in scheduled pain medication between the 2 groups. To address the gap, we need more research to design a pain assessment tool that can differentiate severity of pain so that appropriate interventions can be applied.
Concurrency and reachability in treelike temporal networks

Network properties govern the rate and extent of various spreading processes, from simple contagions to complex cascades. Recently, the analysis of spreading processes has been extended from static networks to temporal networks, where nodes and links appear and disappear. We focus on the effects of accessibility, whether there is a temporally consistent path from one node to another, and reachability, the density of the corresponding accessibility graph representation of the temporal network. The level of reachability thus inherently limits the possible extent of any spreading process on the temporal network. We study reachability in terms of the overall levels of temporal concurrency between edges and the structural cohesion of the network agglomerating over all edges. We use simulation results and develop heterogeneous mean-field model predictions for random networks to better quantify how the properties of the underlying temporal network regulate reachability.
Salt and Heart: RAAS Involvement

The role of high dietary salt intake was previously thought to be restricted only to the effects on arterial pressure. However, a large body of evidence has accumulated over the last two decades pointing to the potent adverse effects of salt excess on cardiac structure and function. The role of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system as a key player in mediating these effects has been increasingly appreciated in recent years. Moreover, identification of angiotensin-(1-7), its receptor mas, and enzymes involved in its metabolism challenges our concept that only increased angiotensin II activity is responsible for cardiac injury in salt-sensitive hypertension.
Green gentrification or ‘just green enough’: Do park location, size and function affect whether a place gentrifies or not?:

Recent research shows that the establishment of new parks in historically disinvested neighbourhoods can result in housing price increases and the displacement of low-income people of colour. Some ...
Diet Quality Is Associated With Mortality in Adults Aged 80 Years and Older: A Prospective Study

OBJECTIVES Diet quality has been associated with health outcomes and quality of life. However, the association between diet quality and mortality in older people, those aged 80 years and older, is understudied. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study to examine whether better diet quality, assessed by a validated dietary screening tool (DST), was associated with lower mortality in those aged 80 years and older. METHODS Our study included 1990 participants (812 men and 1178 women), with a mean age of 84.1 years at baseline (ranging from 80 to 102 years old), from the Geisinger Rural Aging Study longitudinal cohort in Pennsylvania. Baseline descriptive information was obtained in 2009, and the DST was administered via mailed survey. The DST is composed of 25 food- and behavior-specific questions associated with dietary intake that generate a diet quality score ranging from 0 (lowest) to 100 (highest). Death was identified using electronic medical record and the Social Security Death Index data. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across three diet quality categories were calculated by using Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Over 8 years of follow-up (October 2009-February 2018), 931 deaths were documented. Higher diet quality was associated with lower mortality risk (P-trend = .04). Participants with high diet quality (defined as DST scores >75) had significantly lower risk of mortality compared with those with low diet quality (defined as DST scores <60) after adjusting for potential risk factors (adjusted HR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.59-0.97). CONCLUSION Diet quality, assessed by DST, is significantly associated with risk of mortality in older adults aged 80 years and older in our prospective cohort. Our results indicate that nutrition may have an important role in healthy aging, and more studies are needed to develop appropriate dietary recommendations for older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2180-2185, 2019.
Redefining Engagement with Socio-spatially Marginalised Populations: Learning from Ghana’s Ministry of Inner City and Zongo Development:

Global interest in enhancing accountability and community participation has led many governments to engage socio-spatially marginalised populations left behind by urban development. This article ex...
Persistent, Annular Urticarial Plaque

Urticarial vasculitis is one type of chronic urticaria associated with vasculitic features Urticarial vasculitis typically presents as erythematous wheals that resemble urticarial lesions and last more than 24 h Patients with urticarial vasculitis and hypocomplementemia have a higher probability of systemic involvement Hypocomplementemia is usually observed and the hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (HUV) subtype, and can be associated with autoimmune connective tissue diseases including Sjogren’s syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) HUV is identified in about 5% of patients with urticarial vasculitis and more than 50% of these patients develop SLE over time
Atypical Presentation of Silent Sinus Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

IntroductionSilent sinus syndrome (SSS) is a condition characterized by ophthalmologic features, such as spontaneous enophthalmos and hypoglobus with ipsilateral maxillary sinus atelectasis and an ...
The effect of omission of adjuvant radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast conserving surgery with a pathologic complete response.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a standard of care for locally advanced breast cancers. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after NAC is an area of active research. We hypothesize overall survival (OS) is...
86-LB: Real-World Effectiveness of Oral Semaglutide (OS) from a U.S. Commercially Insured and Medicare Advantage Population

Background: With OS’s FDA approval in September 2019, this study sought to provide real-world evidence on its effectiveness in a cohort of early users. Methods: Claims and lab result data were used to identify T2D patients who initiated OS between 09/20/19 - 10/31/20 (first claim date set as index). Selected patients had ≥1 HbA1c result within both ≤3 months pre- and ≥3 months post-index and ≥ 12 months pre-index health plan eligibility. Study groups included: all patients, patients persistent on OS (those with a OS prescription within 1.5 times of days supply dispensed overlapping/in proximity to most recent post-index HbA1c), GLP-1 naive patients, and patients with a pre-index HbA1c >9%. Results: Of the 323 individuals with T2D initiating OS, 42.4% were female with a mean age of 55 years and 77% were GLP-1 naive. Mean HbA1c was significantly reduced in all patients (-0.9%) and subgroups (all p Conclusions: OS initiation was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1c and increase in HbA1c goal attainment in real-world practice in this preliminary cohort. Disclosure N. Shivappa: Other Relationship; Self; Novo Nordisk. C. Swift: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. J. Noone: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. S. Du: None. M. Radin: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. C. Gamble: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. H. Tan: Other Relationship; Self; HealthCore. V. Willey: Employee; Self; HealthCore.
Stimulus degradation impairs performance in a rodent continuous performance test

Abstract Sustained attention is a core cognitive domain that is often disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders. Continuous performance tests (CPTs) are the most common clinical assay of sustained attention. In CPTs, participants produce a behavioral response to target stimuli and refrain from responding to non-target stimuli. Performance in CPTs is measured as the ability to discriminate between targets and non-targets. Rodent versions of CPTs (rCPT) have been developed and validated with both anatomical and pharmacological studies, providing a translational platform for understanding the neurobiology of sustained attention. In human studies, using degraded stimuli (decreased contrast) in CPTs impairs performance and patients with schizophrenia experience a larger decrease in performance compared to healthy controls. In this study, we tested multiple levels of stimulus degradation in a touchscreen version of the CPT in mice. We found that stimulus degradation significantly decreased performance in both males and females. The changes in performance consisted of a decrease in stimulus discrimination, measured as d’, and increases in hit reaction time and reaction time variability. These findings are in line with the effects of stimulus degradation in human studies. Overall, female mice demonstrated a more liberal response strategy than males, but response strategy was not affected by stimulus degradation. These data extend the utility of the mouse CPT by demonstrating that stimulus degradation produces equivalent behavioral responses in mice and humans. Therefore, the degraded stimuli rCPT has high translational value as a preclinical assay of sustained attention.
Relationship between Medical School Diversity and Participation in the US News and World Report Survey.

Abstract Introduction Reporting in USNWR rankings may reveal unintended, but important, sources of disparities with implications for medical school admissions and the future physician workforce. Materials and methods To investigate relationships between allopathic medical school's student body diversity and participation in the US News and World Report Survey, we analyzed diversity statistics as listed in the Medical School Admissions Requirements (MSAR) database. These were compared to the institution's participation in the US News and World Report Survey for 152 US medical schools as either Primary Care or Research ranking. Results & Discussion When considering USNWR rankings of research schools of medicine, those schools not participating in the survey had a 44.8% increase in UIM students. There was a statistical increase in the percentage of Latino/Hispanic students in schools that did not participate in the US News and World report survey as compared with those that did. Percentages of African American and Latino/Hispanic students were inversely correlated with US News and World Report research rankings. We suggest that participation in current publicly available allopathic medical school ranking platforms may have unintended and adverse consequences in maintaining a diverse medical school class and may impact longer-term goal of developing a diverse physician workforce that resembles the constituent population.
Razborov flag algebras as algebras of measurable functions

These are some brief notes on the translation from Razborov's recently-developed notion of flag algebra into the lexicon of functions and measures on certain abstract Cantor spaces (totally disconnected compact metric spaces).
Circulation or reproduction pf elites during the postcommunist transformation of Eastern Europe

This special issue of Theory and Society reports the results of a crossnational comparative study of elite recruitment in postcommunist Eastern Europe. An international team of social scientists (composed of scholars from the United States and several Eastern European countries) conducted a large-scale survey under the title Social Stratification in Eastern Europe After 1989. These surveys were conducted in Russia and in five Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia).
Frequentist Q-values for Multiple-test Procedures:

Multiple-test procedures are increasingly important as technology in- creases scientists' ability to make large numbers of multiple measurements, as they do in genome scans. Multiple-test procedures were originally defined to input a vector of input p-values and an uncorrected critical p-value, interpreted as a fami- lywise error rate or a false discovery rate, and to output a corrected critical p-value and a discovery set, defined as the subset of input p-values that are at or below the corrected critical p-value. A range of multiple-test procedures is implemented us- ing the smileplot package in Stata (Newson and the ALSPAC Study Team 2003, Stata Journal 3: 109-132; 2010, Stata Journal 10: 691-692). The qqvalue com- mand uses an alternative formulation of multiple-test procedures, which is also used by the R function p.adjust. qqvalue inputs a variable of p-values and out- puts a variable of q-values that are equal in each observation to the minimum familywise error rate or false discovery rate that would result in the inclusion of the corresponding p-value in the discovery set if the specified multiple-test pro- cedure was applied to the full set of input p-values. Formulas and examples are presented.
Estimation of divergence-free 3D cardiac blood flow in a zebrafish larva using multi-view microscopy

Conventional fluid flow estimation methods for in vivo optical microscopy are limited to two-dimensions and are only able to estimate the components of flow parallel to the imaging plane. This limits the study of flow in more intricate biological structures, such as the embryonic zebrafish heart, where flow is three-dimensional. To measure three-dimensional blood flow, we propose an algorithm to reconstruct a 3D, divergence-free flow map from multiple 2D flow estimates computed from image stacks captured from different views. This allows us to estimate the out-of-plane velocity component that is normally lost with single-view imaging. This paper describes our 3D flow reconstruction algorithm, evaluates its performance on a simulated velocity field, and demonstrates its application to in vivo cardiac imaging within a live zebrafish larva.
Telephone versus face-to-face mode for collecting self-reports of sequences of behavior.

Abstract This study compared telephone vs face-to-face interviews as ways to collect self-reported sequences of daily activities. Twenty-seven persons with spinal cord injury in a rehabilitation hospital participated. The Self-Observation and Report Technique was used to obtain, in the participants' own words, two reports per week of 24-hour sequences of activities. One report per week was given over the telephone and one in person. Each behavior was coded for activity, assistance, companions, and locations. Nineteen measures assessing independence, level and diversity of activity, mobility, and social contacts were derived from the last four interviews for each participant. Differences in the measures derived from each mode were tested. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the self-reports to data on activities recorded by trained observers. Measures from the two modes did not differ, nor did the percent agreements with observation data. Investigators can use the more convenient and efficient telephone mode with confidence.
Screening Mammography Rates in the Medicare Population before and after the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Guideline Change: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

Objective: We sought to examine longitudinal trends in screening mammography utilization and the presence of any changes in utilization associated with the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guideline change. Methods: We use 2005 through 2012 Medicare fee-for-service claims data for a 5% sample of randomly selected beneficiaries. The primary outcome is monthly mammography rate per 1,000 women. Two comparison outcomes are monthly Papanicolaou test rate and monthly routine eye examination rate. The statistical approach is interrupted time series with segmented regression analysis and nonequivalent dependent variables. Results: Among women age 65 and 90, monthly screening mammography rates were significantly increasing before the 2009 USPSTF guideline change. Immediately after the guidelines, there was a significant drop of 1.76 per 1,000 women (p < .001). Three years after the guideline, and after the initial decrease, there was no significant change in rate for those aged 65 to 74, but a continued and significant decline for those aged 75 and older. Two other preventive services (Papanicolaou test and routine eye examinations) did not show any shift associated with the pre- and post-guideline window. Conclusions: The 2009 revision of USPSTF guidelines on breast cancer was associated with an immediate and significant decrease in screening mammography rates. The long-term impact of the guideline change differs by age and race and may not be fully quantifiable for years after its implementation. Copyright 2015 by the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health. Published by Elsevier Inc.
An investigation of the association between steady magnetospheric convection and CIR stream interfaces

[1] It has been postulated that steady magnetospheric convection (SMC), a mode of response of the Earth's magnetosphere to solar wind driving, is caused by balanced day and night side reconnection. We investigate this possibility with a statistical study of return flows in the magnetotail during SMC using the THEMIS mission. Between December 2007 to April 2009, 153 events were identified. We find flows greater than 100 km/s throughout the magnetotail but no distinct pattern of flow channels. SMC occurrence is compared with that of stream interfaces (SI) at the center of corotating interaction regions. “Frequent” SMCs are observed ±1 day around the SI, and “infrequent” 3 to 1.5 days before the SI. The typical solar wind parameters in the frequent interval are higher than expected from previous studies. We found that rectified solar wind electric field steadiness predicts that SMC will occur when this is smaller than average.
Seiberg-Witten Solution from Matrix Theory

As another evidence for the matrix Discrete Light Cone formulation of M theory, we show how general integrable Hamiltonian systems emerge from BPS bound states of k longitudinal fivebranes. Such configurations preserve eight supercharges and by chain of dualities can be related to the solution of N=2 four-dimensional gauge theories. Underlying Hitchin systems on the bare spectral curve with k singular points arise from the Matrix theory compactification on the dual curve.
Antiferroelectric/ferroelectric composite thin films

PLZT-based antiferroelectric (AFE)/ferroelectric (FE) composite thin films were fabricated by automatic spin coating and crystallized by rapid thermal processing. A computer-controlled automatic spin coat reactor was used to spin composite thin films from acetate precursors with successive layers of FE and AFE composition. Films were spun on platinum-coated silicon substrates and rapid thermal thermally processed at 700/spl deg/C. Composite thin films exhibited improved AFE-type properties including increased dielectric constant (K) and saturation polarization (P/sub sat/) and decreased FE switching field (E/sub F/) compared to typical AFE compositions. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite thin films consisted of distinct AFE and FE phases. Modeling of the dielectric properties revealed linear series capacitor behavior within the composite thin films for low electric field conditions; however, nonlinear effects were apparent at high electric fields.
Real number convolutional code correction and reliability calculations in fault-tolerant systems

An efficient fault-detecting methodology, algorithm-based fault tolerance, may be extended to include error correction of the output data in a protected linear processing system by coupling a high-rate real convolutional code with a smoothed Kalman recursive estimation technique. A completely protected fault-tolerant linear processing system involving error correction is shown where it is guaranteed that no miscorrected data leave the configuration if at most one box-surrounded subsystem fails at a time. The real convolutional code dictates the comparable parity streams computed in two ways, forming the syndrome stream that is passed to the fixed-lag corrector when values exceed the threshold settings. The block processing and down sampling features of the convolutional code permit the overhead area to be from 20-50% of the main processing area.
Theoretical Benefits of Dynamic Collimation in Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Therapy for Brain Tumors: Dosimetric and Radiobiological Metrics

Purpose To quantify the dosimetric benefit of using a dynamic collimation system (DCS) for penumbra reduction during the treatment of brain tumors by pencil beam scanning proton therapy (PBS PT). Methods and Materials Collimated and uncollimated brain treatment plans were created for 5 patients previously treated with PBS PT and retrospectively enrolled in an institutional review board–approved study. The in-house treatment planning system, RDX, was used to generate the plans because it is capable of modeling both collimated and uncollimated beamlets. The clinically delivered plans were reproduced with uncollimated plans in terms of target coverage and organ at risk (OAR) sparing to ensure a clinically relevant starting point, and collimated plans were generated to improve the OAR sparing while maintaining target coverage. Physical and biological comparison metrics, such as dose distribution conformity, mean and maximum doses, normal tissue complication probability, and risk of secondary brain cancer, were used to evaluate the plans. Results The DCS systematically improved the dose distribution conformity while preserving the target coverage. The average reduction of the mean dose to the 10-mm ring surrounding the target and the healthy brain were 13.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.6%-15.7%; P P P P Conclusion The lateral penumbra reduction afforded by the DCS increases the normal tissue sparing capabilities of PBS PT for brain cancer treatment while preserving target coverage.
The selective effect of actinomycin D on free polyribosomes of mouse liver

Abstract The administration of actinomycin D to fasted mice 12 hours before killing results in marked disaggregation of hepatic polyribosomes as determined by sucrose density gradients prepared from deoxycholate-treated postmitochondrial supernatants. This disaggregation of hepatic polyribosomes occurs in the free but not in the membrane-bound polyribosomes. Free, but not membrane-bound, polyribosomes of livers of actinomycin D-treated animals demonstrate decreased incorporation in vitro of 14C-leucine into proteins.
Brackets to the eigenvalues of the schrödinger equation, Part 2. Partial tridiagonalization of bandmatrices

The range of application of the method of comparison-matrices for the calculation of brackets to eigenvalues of the Schrodinger equation is extended to infinite bandmatrices, H. It is shown by construction that the elements αi and βi+1 of an infinite tridiagonal matrix may be calculated up to some finite maximum index, i, in a finite calculation. The tridiagonal matrix is a unitary transform of H and consequently has the same eigenvalues.
Encke ballistic flybys in 1980

In a search for missions with reasonable flyby speed, reasonable arrival conditions, as well as reasonable cost, two types of ballistic trajectories to Encke are studied. The 100-day flight time region is examined, and two trajectories are selected as baseline mission possibilities. To find slower flybys, the 600-day region was investigated as a three-impulse transfer using a simple optimization procedure in order to display the tradeoff between deep space delta-V and flyby speed. Significant lowering of flyby speed is attainable, but the cost in delta-V is so high that this mode does not provide an attractive alternative at present.
Impacts of Curing Time and Moisture Content on Engineering Properties of Cold In-Place Recycling Mixtures Using Foamed or Emulsified Asphalt

A cold in-place recycling (CIR) layer is typically overlaid by hot-mix asphalt (HMA) to protect it from water ingress and traffic load. Most public agencies have different curing requirements that specify the number of curing days or the maximum moisture content for the CIR layer before placing the HMA overlay. However, these criteria are not well-founded on sound engineering principles and are often challenged by contractors, especially in inclement weather conditions. This study was performed to explore technically sound ways to identify the minimum in-place CIR properties necessary to permit the placement of an HMA overlay. The primary objective of this research was to determine how curing time and moisture content affect the development of indirect tensile strength, dynamic modulus, and flow number of CIR mixtures composed of foamed asphalt (CIR-foam) or emulsified asphalt (CIR-emulsion). On the basis of the limited test results, the indirect tensile strength of CIR specimens did not increase during an early stage of curing but increased during a later stage of curing, usually when the moisture content was less than 1.5%. Given the same curing time, CIR-foam specimens exhibited more tensile strength and less moisture content than CIR-emulsion specimens. Both dynamic modulus and flow numbers increased as the curing time increased and the moisture content decreased. Given the same moisture content, CIR-foam specimens exhibited higher dynamic modulus and larger flow numbers than CIR-emulsion specimens.
A Low-Cost, Tiled Embedded Smart Camera System for Computer Vision Applications

In this demonstration, we present a low-resolution smart camera node with a custom-designed image sensor chip and peer-to-peer networking capabilities. Each camera can perform focal plane processing, and also has the computational power of the embedded controllers. Cameras can send data, such as results of image processing and feature extraction, over a peer-to-peer network. The distributed nature of such a system allows for increased scalability and robustness, and decreased bandwidth requirement over conventional server based systems. In our ongoing work, these lower-cost embedded smart cameras are being tiled instead of fabricating a higher-resolution sensor as a single chip. In our paper, we provide a detailed comparison of fabricating a higher-resolution sensor as a single chip and tiling lower-resolution embedded smart cameras in order to give motivation, and demonstrate the advantages. The comparison is made in terms of bandwidth, clock frequency, area, power, cost and global computations.
Overview of Meningioma Biology and Science

Abstract: Neurosurgeons and their patients frequently confront meningiomas. While some meningiomas can be treated with complete removal and freedom from recurrence, others are difficult to treat for several reasons. Particular locations, recurrent tumors, and pathological subtypes can all complicate the treatment of meningiomas. In an effort to better understand these tumors, a sizable body of literature has evolved describing the biology and basic science of meningiomas. It is hoped that this research will result in better medical and surgical treatment of these tumors. This article reviews the basic science issues currently thought to be important in meningiomas.
3-D tracking of fluorescent nanoparticles in a confocal microscope

A system for tracking fluorescent particles in three dimensions based on a standard confocal microscope is described. The method scans the detection volume of the microscope through a six-point measurement pattern, estimates the position of the particle from the measurements, and uses a linear optimal controller to regulate the distance between the center of the measurement pattern and the position of the particle. Experimental results on tracking freely diffusing quantum dots are presented and show good agreement to estimates calculated from CCD images captured during the tracking process.