cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supply chain reliability for contingency operations

A contingency is a randomly occurring crises event such as a national disaster, civil disorder, or military invasion that creates a major threat to the safety and security of a population that requires immediate responsive operations that include the development and maintenance of supply chains to provide the logistics support functions. A method for quantifying the reliability of supply chains for contingency logistics systems is developed based on reliability interference theory. Supply chain reliability is defined as the probability of the chain meeting mission requirements to provide the required supplies to the critical transfer points within the system. The authors consider a flow of supplies that are deployed to a distribution center from which allocations are then made to n sites, each being engaged at a high operational tempo to meet the mission requirements of the contingency.
Predicting live and dead tree basal area of bark beetle affected forests from discrete-return lidar

Bark beetle outbreaks have killed large numbers of trees across North America in recent years. Lidar remote sensing can be used to effectively estimate forest biomass, but prediction of both live and dead standing biomass in beetle-affected forests using lidar alone has not been demonstrated. We developed Random Forest (RF) models predicting total, live, dead, and percent dead basal area (BA) from lidar metrics in five different beetle-affected coniferous forests across western North America. Study areas included the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska, southeastern Arizona, north-central Colorado, central Idaho, and central Oregon, U.S.A. We created RF models with and without intensity metrics as predictor variables and investigated how intensity normalization affected RF models in Idaho. RF models predicting total BA explained the most variation, whereas RF models predicting dead BA explained the least variation, with live and percent dead BA models explaining intermediate levels of variation. Important metrics varied between models depending on the type of BA being predicted. Generally, height and density metrics were important in predicting total BA, intensity and density metrics were important in predicting live BA, and intensity metrics were important in predicting dead and percent dead BA. Several lidar metrics were important across all study areas. Whether needles were on or off beetle-killed trees at the time of lidar acquisition could not be ascertained. Future work, where needle conditions at the time of lidar acquisition are known, could improve upon our analysis and results. Although RF models predicting live, dead, and percent dead BA did not perform as well as models predicting total BA, we concluded that discrete-return lidar can be used to provide reasonable estimations of live and dead BA. Our results also showed which lidar metrics have general utility across different coniferous forest types.
A scientific note on Apis mellifera brood attractiveness to Varroa destructor as affected by the chemotherapeutic history of the brood

There is evidence for a positive correlation between the level of Varroa desructorAnderson and Trueman infestation in a colony and the attractiveness of the brood to the mites (Buchler, 1989, 1990). This correlation may be associated with actual increases in colony mite levels as suggested by the work of Fuchs (1992) who was able to confirm a significant correlation between brood attractiveness and colony mite increase and a positive correlation between brood attractiveness and fertility of the mites. Differences in brood attraction may be associated with race differences in bees (Buchler, 1989). The present study was designed to test if brood attraction also can be affected by the chemotherapeutic history of the brood. The agents tested in this experiment were Fumidil B ® (fumagillin) and Terramycin ® (oxytetracycline), two antibiotics widely used in apiculture. The methods are described schematically in Fig
Temporal and spatial variations in phytoplankton carbon isotopes in a polymictic subtropical lake

Stable carbon isotopes (513C) were determined for phytoplankton and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from Lake Apopka, a shallow, polymictic and hypereutrophic lake in Florida, USA. Bulk plankton dominated by pico- and nanocyanobacteria were enriched in 13C (-13.1 ± l.l%o) as a result of assimilation of extremely l3C-rich DIC (513C = 9.6 ± 3.0%o). Diatoms {Aulacoseira spp.) had a 613C of -14.3 ± 0.6%o that was slightly more negative than that of small cyanobacteria. Meroplank- tonic diatoms had a 813C (-13.6 ± 1.8%o), similar to their planktonic counterparts. The 613C of a col- onial cyanobacterium (Microcystis incerta) was exceptionally heavy (-3.0 ± 1.0%o) and attributed to localized carbon limitation. Seasonal variation in 813C of bulk plankton was small (<3%o) relative to reports for other lacustrine systems. No difference in the 8I3C of bulk plankton from surface water between stratified and non-stratified periods was found. No measurable changes in 513C of bulk plank- ton were indicated in light and dark incubation experiments. Frequent wind mixing of the water column, high DIC concentration, and consistently high lake productivity were used to explain the tem- poral and spatial isotope consistency of phytoplankton in this lake.
Medical experts & Islamic scholars deliberating over brain death: gaps in the applied Islamic bioethics discourse.

The scope, methodology and tools of Islamic bioethics as a self-standing discipline remain open to debate. Physicians, sociologists, Islamic law experts, historians, religious leaders as well as policy and health researchers have all entered the global discussion attempting to conceptualize Islamic bioethics. Arguably, the implications of Islamic bioethical discourse is most significant for healthcare practitioners and their patients, as patient values interact with those of healthcare providers and the medical system at large leading to ethical challenges and potential cultural conflicts. Similarly the products of the discourse are of primary import to religious leaders and Imams who advise Muslim patients on religiously acceptable medical practices. However, the process and products of the current Islamic bioethical discourse contains gaps that preclude them from meeting the needs of healthcare practitioners, religious leaders, and those they advise. Within the medical literature, published works on Islamic bioethics authored by medical practitioners often contain gaps such as the failure to account for theological debates about the role of the intellect, ‘aql, in ethical decision making, failure to utilize sources of Islamic law, and failure to address the pluralism of opinions within the Islamic 1 Address correspondence to: Aasim I. Padela, RWJF Clinical Scholars Program, 6312 Med Sci Bldg I, 1150 W Med Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109-5604; email: aasim@umich.edu; phone: 734-647-4844. © 2011 Hartford Seminary. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148 USA.
Wavefront correction with Kalman filtering for the WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph instrument

The only way to characterize most exoplanets spectrally is via direct imaging. For example, the Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) on the proposed Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope-Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets (WFIRST-AFTA) mission plans to image and characterize several cool gas giants around nearby stars. The integration time on these faint exoplanets will be many hours to days. A crucial assumption for mission planning is that the time required to dig a dark hole (a region of high star-to-planet contrast) with deformable mirrors is small compared to science integration time. The science camera must be used as the wavefront sensor to avoid non-common path aberrations, but this approach can be quite time intensive. Several estimation images are required to build an estimate of the starlight electric field before it can be partially corrected, and this process is repeated iteratively until high contrast is reached. Here we present simulated results of batch process and recursive wavefront estimation schemes. In particular, we test a Kalman filter and an iterative extended Kalman filter (IEKF) to reduce the total exposure time and improve the robustness of wavefront correction for the WFIRST-AFTA CGI. An IEKF or other nonlinear filter also allows recursive, real-time estimation of sources incoherent with the star, such as exoplanets and disks, and may therefore reduce detection uncertainty.
Pulp and dentin tissue engineering and regeneration: current progress.

Dental pulp tissue is vulnerable to infection. Entire pulp amputation followed by pulp-space disinfection and filling with an artificial rubber-like material is employed to treat the infection – commonly known as root-canal therapy. Regeneration of pulp tissue has been difficult as the tissue is encased in dentin without collateral blood supply except from the root apical end. However, with the advent of the concept of modern tissue engineering and the discovery of dental stem cells, regeneration of pulp and dentin has been tested. This article will review the early attempts to regenerate pulp tissue and the current endeavor of pulp and dentin tissue engineering, and regeneration. The prospective outcome of the current advancement in this line of research will be discussed.
Optimal spline cutoffs for Coulomb and van der Waals interactions

Abstract Traditional spline cutoffs of the long-ranged Coulomb interaction gives large errors in the forces which lead to seriously distorted structures. These errors can be drastically reduced (by a factor of 7) by optimally adjusting the cutoffs parameters. Applying to a 453-atom dendrimer, the visibly distorted structure is improved substantially (the rms coordinate deviation is reduced from 1.15 to 0.55 A).
Proximodistal structure of early reaching in human infants.

Nine infants were tested, at the age of onset of reaching, seated on their parent’s lap and reaching for a small plastic toy. Kinematic analysis revealed that infants largely used shoulder and torso rotation to move their hands to the toy. Many changes in hand direction were observed during reaching, with later direction changes correcting for earlier directional errors. Approximately half of the infants started many reaches by bringing their hands backward or upward to a starting location that was similar across reaches. Individual infants often achieved highly similar peak speeds across their reaches. These results support the hypothesis that infants reduce the complexity of movement by using a limited number of degrees-of-freedom, which could simplify and accelerate the learning process. The proximodistal direction of maturation of the neural and muscular systems appears to restrict arm and hand movement in a way that simplifies learning to reach.
An effective analog approach to Steiner routing

Construction of a minimum rectilinear Steiner tree (MRST) is a fundamental problem in the physical design of VLSI circuits. The problem is NP-complete, and numerous heuristics have been proposed. A novel analog approach is proposed which intuitively shrinks a bubble around the pins of the signal net until a Steiner tree topology is induced. The method easily maps to parallel neural-style architectures, as well as to fairly generic two-dimensional processor arrays. Extensive simulation results show better performance than virtually all existing MRST approaches. The result is a rare instance where an analog heuristic for an NP-complete problem outperforms existing combinatorial methods, both in time complexity and in average-case performance. >
YIELD AND COMPARISON OF NUTRITIVE AND ENERGY VALUES; FATTY ACID AND CHOLESTEROL CONTENT OF RAW AND COOKED CHITTERLINGS

Three brands of frozen raw chitterlings were used to determine yield, total waste and distribution of waste in preparation and cooking based on purchased weights. Raw and cooked tissue were compared for proximate composition, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, estimated protein efficiency ratios (Est. PER), saturated and polyunsaturated fats and cholesterol. The yield was 37.8%, while the total wastage was 62.2%. The moisture content was significantly lower for the cooked tissue. Cooking produced significant losses of protein and fat. The caloric content for the cooked tissue was significantly higher than for the raw tissue. There were some changes in minerals, vitamins, amino acids, saturated fats and cholesterol content due to cooking. The raw and cooked tissue revealed no significant difference for riboflavin and niacin. The estimated PER's Alsmeyer et al. (1974) [Food Technol. 28(7): 34] using Eq 3 indicated lower values than Eq 1 and 2. There was no significant difference in C18:2 in raw and cooked tissue. There was a significant decrease in cholesterol content in the cooked tissue.
Air spectra induced by high-current relativistic electron beams

Single-shot photographic spectra from 3300 to 6200 A have been obtained from 6.5-MeV electron beams propagating in air at 0.2-Torr pressure. Spectra at this pressure exhibit the effects of the beam self-magnetic field compressing the plasma into a hot central core. The core is spectrally characterized by nitrogen- and oxygen-ion emissions with an obvious continuum. The core temperature is estimated to be 39,000 K from time-integrated ion-line ratios. A time-integrated electron density of 1 × 1016 cm−3 is estimated from H-β line broadening in the core. Spectra taken at 2, 10, and 50 Torr are totally dominated by nitrogen molecular emission. Vibrational temperatures of a few thousand degrees kelvin are estimated from time-integrated spectra, with the temperature decreasing with increasing pressure.
From online filter to web format: Articulating materiality and meaning in the early history of blogs:

This paper investigates the transformation of blogs from online ‘filters’ into a ‘format’ for sharing a variety of content on the Web. To account for this process of partial stabilization, this stu...
The Relationship of Psychological Trauma and Dissociative and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders to Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidality: A Review

We reviewed research on the relationship between (a) exposure to psychological trauma and (b) nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality (suicidal ideation [SI] and suicide attempts [SA]) in individuals with dissociative disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The review provides a context for the special issue of the Journal of Trauma & Dissociation on these topics. Exposure to childhood sexual abuse is the most consistent traumatic antecedent of self-harm, although traumatic violence in childhood (particularly physical abuse) and adulthood (particularly domestic violence) and exposure to multiple types of traumatic stressors also are associated with NSSI and SI/SA. Dissociative disorders and PTSD are consistently associated with increased NSSI and SA/SI. There is preliminary cross-sectional evidence that dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorders may mediate the relationship between psychological trauma and NSSI and SI/SA. Research on emotion dysregulation as a potential cross-cutti...
Solving kinematic redundancy with impedance control: a class of integrable pseudoinverses

Problems arising when kinematically redundant manipulators are controlled using the Jacobian pseudoinverse are related to the nonintegrability of the standard pseudoinverse. The authors present a class of pseudoinverse which have the property of being integrable within any simply connected nonsingular region of the workspace. Integrability is obtained by deriving the equations which describe an externally imposed motion with the hypothesis that a compliance function is associated with each degree of freedom of the manipulator. The result is a weighted pseudoinverse containing a term which accounts for the nonlinear features of the forward kinematics. The relation of this integrable pseudoinverse to the standard Moore-Penrose and weighted pseudoinverses are discussed. >
On the existence of the stable birth-type distribution in a general branching process cell cycle model with unequal cell division

We use multi-type branching process theory to construct a cell population model, general enough to include a large class of such models, and we use an abstract version of the Perron-Frobenius theorem to prove the existence of the stable birth-type distribution. The generality of the model implies that a stable birth-size distribution exists in most size-structured cell cycle models. By adding the assumption of a critical size that each cell has to pass before division, called the nonoverlapping case, we get an explicit analytical expression for the stable birth-type distribution.
Social Groups and Parks: Leisure Behavior in Time and Space

(2000). Social Groups and Parks: Leisure Behavior in Time and Space. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 27-31.
Pelvic Free Fluid in Asymptomatic Pediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma Patients: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Abstract Background With focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) examinations being performed more commonly on pediatric trauma patients, emergency providers will encounter a positive FAST examination in patients with benign abdominal examinations. This poses a diagnostic dilemma for the provider when deciding whether to obtain a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen/pelvis, observe the patient, or admit the patient. Case Report We report a series of pediatric patients involved in blunt abdominal trauma who had small pelvic free fluid on FAST but a benign abdominal examination. Three patients were managed without CT scan and 2 with CT scan. All patients did well and were discharged home. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Free intra-abdominal fluid may be physiologic in both male and female pediatric patients. Clinical examination and hemodynamic stability should be taken into account when deciding to order a CT scan. We review the literature and highlight new protocols that may decrease CT utilization and ionizing radiation exposure, though further studies in this specific population are needed.
Selective Isolation of Paraffinolytic Fungi Using a Direct Soil-Baiting Method

(1965). Selective Isolation of Paraffinolytic Fungi Using a Direct Soil-Baiting Method. Mycologia: Vol. 57, No. 5, pp. 761-765.
Obstructive and Restrictive Lung Function Measures and CKD: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012

Background Prevalence and factors associated with obstructive and restrictive lung function in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unknown. Study Design Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Setting & Participants Participants aged 40 to 79 years from NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 2007 to 2012 who underwent spirometry testing. Predictor CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] >15- 2 or urinary albumin-creatinine ratio ≥ 30mg/g). Outcomes Restrictive lung function (defined as FEV 1 /FVC≥0.70 and baseline FVC 1 /FVC Results 7,610 participants (CKD=1,338; non-CKD=6,272) were included. Prevalences of obstructive lung function adjusted to the mean age of 55 years and 50% men in the CKD and non-CKD groups were 15.6% and 13.3%, respectively ( P =0.2). Similarly, adjusted prevalences of restrictive lung function in the CKD and non-CKD groups were 9.8% and 6.7%, respectively ( P =0.01). Presence of albumin-creatinine ratio ≥ 30mg/g was associated with obstructive (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.07-1.88) and restrictive lung function (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.01-2.03) in the entire study cohort. eGFR 2 was associated with higher odds of obstructive lung function. In a multivariable Cox model, age (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.11) and presence of obstructive lung function (HR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.80-3.97), but not CKD measures, were associated with death. Limitations Small proportion of participants with advanced kidney disease. Conclusions In a representative sample of US adults, impaired lung function is common in those with and without CKD. Albuminuria was independently associated with both obstructive and restrictive lung function, and eGFR 2 was associated with higher odds of obstructive lung function. Older age and obstructive lung function were associated with higher likelihood of death. Further studies examining the burden of lung disease in advanced CKD are needed.
Experimental Studies on Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Compound Folium Fici Microcarpae Buccal Tablets

Objective To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Compound Folium Fici Microcarpae Buccal Tablets.Methods The writhing test on mice caused by acetic acid and the formalin test on mice for causing pain were employed to observe the analgesic effect of Compound Folium Fici Microcarpae Buccal Tablets.The dimethylbezene-induced mice auricular swelling test and the cotton-ball-induced rat granuloma test were used to observe the anti-inflammatory effect of Compound Folium Fici Microcarpae Buccal Tablets.Results Compound Folium Fici Microcarpae Buccal Tablets could significantly decrease the acetic acid-induced writhing times of mice and chronic pain caused by formalin,and Compound Folium Fici Microcarpae Buccal Tablets have obvious inhibitory action on mice’s auricular swellings caused by dimethylbezene and rat granulomas induced by cotton balls.Conclusion Compound Folium Fici Microcarpae Buccal Tablets have good pharmacological effects on analgesia and anti-inflammation.
Conjugate Phase Portraits of Linear Systems

(2008). Conjugate Phase Portraits of Linear Systems. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 115, No. 7, pp. 596-614.
A stochastic power control algorithm for wireless networks

In this paper, we propose a power control strategy for distributed wireless networks by using a quadratic state-space control design. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed power control algorithm.
Treatment of Diaphyseal Pediatric Femur Fractures with Flexible Intramedullary Fixation

Flexible, or elastic, intramedullary nails (IMNs) are an effective treatment option for children with diaphyseal femur fractures. This technique is most commonly utilized in patients between 5 and 11 years of age weighing less than 45 kg. Length-stable patterns (primarily transverse or short oblique, with minimal comminution) are the fractures that are most amenable to fixation using flexible IMN fixation. Surgeons may choose between titanium and stainless steel implants, one or two insertion sites, and retrograde or antegrade insertion. Patients can usually be managed without any external immobilization and generally make a rapid return to activities without formal physical therapy. While implant removal is not typically required, many surgeons routinely perform removal procedures empirically.
p53 as a Regulator of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer

Enhanced proliferation and survival are common features of cancer cells. Cancer cells are metabolically reprogrammed which aids in their survival in nutrient-poor environments. Indeed, changes in metabolism of glucose and glutamine are essential for tumor progression. Thus, metabolic reprogramming is now well accepted as a hallmark of cancer. Recent findings suggest that reprogramming of lipid metabolism also occurs in cancer cells, since lipids are used for biosynthesis of membranes, post-translational modifications, second messengers for signal transduction, and as a source of energy during nutrient deprivation. The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that controls the expression of proteins involved in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence. p53 also regulates cellular metabolism, which appears to play a key role in its tumor suppressive activities. In this review article, we summarize non-canonical functions of wild-type and mutant p53 on lipid metabolism and discuss their association with cancer progression.
Accounting for personal disposition and organizational context: connecting role ambiguity, public service motivation, and whistle-blowing in federal agencies

Organizational psychologists and HRM scholars have long argued that prosocial organizational behaviors enhance organizational performance. However, prosocial behaviors are motivated by both self-in...
The leading sixth scale degree: A test of Day-O’Connell’s theory

Day-O’Connell (2002, The rise of 6 in the nineteenth century. Music Theory Spectrum, 24(1), 35–67; 2007, Pentatonicism from the eighteenth century to Debussy. Rochester, NY: University Rochester Pr...
Correction to: Hybrid sterility increases with genetic distance in snubnose darters (Percidae: Etheostoma)

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The correct equation is now given below.
Increasing Production of New Roots by Potted Roses with Root Applied IBA

Dormant bare root rose (Rosa × hybrida ‘Las Vegas’) plants with roots dipped in a 500 ppm solution of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) produced 50% more new roots than untreated plants. However, plants treated with 100 and 500 ppm IBA had fewer open flower buds 8 wks after potting and shorter average shoot length after 18 wks than did controls. Treatment with the potassium salt of IBA (KIBA) at 100 and 500 ppm also stimulated new root production and retarded flower bud development but did not reduce shoot length. Addition of starch-polyacrylate gel to treatment solutions counteracted the root promoting effect of IBA but not of KIBA. Gel itself also caused a reduction in average shoot length.
On the Prioritized Processing of Threat in a Dual Implicit Process Model of Evaluation

ABSTRACTDual-process models of attitudes distinguish between implicit and explicit processes in which the valence (i.e., positivity or negativity) of a stimulus influences judgments and behavior toward the stimulus. Developing parallel to the dual-process literature has been a threat detection literature suggesting that the mind is preferentially attuned to threats to immediate bodily harm. That literature reveals early privileged responses (e.g., shorter latency of detection, stronger reflexive reactions, and faster and stronger physiological responses) to threatening stimuli relative to negative, neutral, and positive stimuli. By integrating those literatures, we develop the dual implicit process model that postulates two functionally distinct and serially linked automatic processes in which an implicit threat process precedes (and potentially influences) an implicit valence process (positive vs. negative), which precedes (and potentially influences) explicit processes. In addition to explicating the na...
Carrier-tone multiple access with collision avoidance and detection

A new approach for collision avoidance and collision detection in ad-hoc networks of nodes with half-duplex radios is introduced. Rather than using a single busy tone indicating that a receiver is busy, three types of carrier tones sent by receivers or passive listeners indicate that an intended receiver is busy receiving or acknowledging a data packet, or a passive listener has detected a collision. All carrier tones are sent over a single control channel, and the data channel is used only for data and request-to-send (RTS) packets. The Carrier-Tone Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance and Detection (CTMA/CAD) is described and its performance is compared with the performance of DBTMA in a hidden-terminal scenario. The results of the analysis show that CTMA/CAD is a more efficient channel-access method for networks with hidden terminals.
Major Gene and Environmental Determinants of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Since high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are a major independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, the association of major genes with familial aggregation of both high and low HDL-C emphasizes the importance of heritability for HDL-C in relationship to coronary heart disease. Complex segregation analysis using the unified mixed model in white families from the Collaborative Lipid Research Clinics Family Study cohort was carried out to delineate the mode of familial transmission of plasma HDL-C. Two major HDL-C clusters were identified with means separated by three standard deviation units. For low HDL-C segregating in families, there was significant evidence for a recessive major gene, and there was also evidence of significant multifactorial transmission. The major gene and multifactorial components accounted for 8% and 45% of the total variation of HDL-C levels, whereas the gene frequency for low HDL-C was estimated to be 8% to 9% at the major locus. Separately, segregation analysis was performed on 14 informative nuclear families referred because of early coronary heart disease or stroke and gave clear evidence of a major gene contributing to the etiology of primary depression of HDL-C., with support for a dominant model. Recently, a DNA restriction length polymorphism has been described in the apo A-I, apo C-III, apo A-IV gene complex following PST-1 digestion. The allele frequency of this polymorphism was 2% in control subjects and 67% in index cases of kindreds with familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Bottom-decile HDL-C was present in 73% of subjects who were heterozygous or homozygous for the polymorphism. This polymorphism appears to be associated with one of the causes of genetic HDL deficiency that results in premature coronary artery disease. Since the common PST-1 polymorphism is associated with familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia, premature coronary artery disease, and stroke, the observation of a single major locus for low HDL-C has considerable importance. Whether familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia reflects an abnormality of the HDL regulator gene on chromosome 1, the apo A-II gene on chromosome 1, the apo A-I gene on chromosome 11, or perhaps a linkage between the regulator gene and the gene for apo A-I remains to be determined.
ON THE CESARI INDEX AND THE BROWDER–PETRYSHIN DEGREE

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the Cesari index and the Browder–Petryshin degree. It presents an assumption where E and F are two real Banach spaces, Ω is a bounded open subset of E, Ω ¯ is its closure, and L and N are maps of Ω into F where L is linear densely defined and N is continuous and bounded. The chapter presents solutions x ∈ Ω of the equation f(x) = Θ where Θ denotes the zero element of F (the zero element of E is also denoted by Θ), if f = L − N. With the help of two projections P: E → F and Q: F → F with ranges of finite dimensions p and q respectively, problem f(x) = Θ may be split into a system of two equations. The chapter discusses the computation of the Cesari index.
bHLH Transcription Factors: Potential Target Sites for Insecticide Development

A superfamily of transcription factors containing the bHLH domain plays important roles in the control of cell proliferation, determination and tissue differentiation during the development of animals and plants. Several genes coding for bHLH transcription factors have been identified in various organisms. The bHLH-PAS domain containing transcription factors constitute one of the families of bHLH superfamily. One of the important members of the bHLH-PAS family identified in insects is Methoprene tolerant (Met) from Drosophila melanogaster. Suppression of Met expression by the injection of Met dsRNA in the third or fourth larval instars causes precocious metamorphosis and precocious development of adult structures suggesting that Met plays a key role in juvenile hormone (JH) signal transduction. Several insecticides targeting Met that function as JH agonists are being used to control insects. In this chapter, we will review literature on the structure, function of bHLH transcription factors in insects, and discuss their potential as target sites for discovering new insecticides.
Improving cost and laboratory utilization in Paraneoplastic Antibody Testing (P3.166)

Objective: To improve healthcare costs in laboratory testing of paraneoplastic antibody syndromes by changing order practices within the electronic medical record system. Background: Nearly twenty percent of the Gross Domestic Product in the United States is spent on health care, of which four percent is spent on laboratory studies alone. Overutilization and inappropriate utilization of testing within the neurologic subspecialties is an area of focus for our laboratory utilization committee (LUC). This study focused on inappropriate utilization of paraneoplastic antibody testing, which is the most expensive referred test within our healthcare system. With the explosion of paraneoplastic syndromes, so also has the ordering practices of physicians. This project was aimed at identifying inappropriate ordering practices within our healthcare system. The LUC implemented evidence based ordering practices, best practice alerts, and clinically guided paraneoplastic testing electronic medical record intervention to improve cost and quality of patient care. Design/Methods: This study was a prospective analysis of laboratory data and total healthcare costs of paraneoplastic panels ordered from 2012–2014 and from 2015–2017. Laboratory utilization interventions were put into place in 2014–2015. Interventions included EPIC pop up best practice alerts, embedded evidence based medicine guidelines, neurologic consultation requirements, and implementation of symptom guided paraneoplastic order sets. System savings was then determined by comparing pre-intervention to post-intervention data. Results: Total cost of testing from 2012–2014 (prior to intervention) was $544,614 and only $187,002 from 2015–2017 (after intervention). A total cost savings of $357,612 over 2 years. The percent positive rate remained at approximately 2% before and after intervention, suggesting only inappropriate utilization was affected by the intervention. Conclusions: Improving paraneoplastic antibody panel ordering practices reduced healthcare costs by decreasing inappropriate laboratory utilization in a large healthcare system. Disclosure: Dr Vanino has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baldwin has nothing to disclose.
Simultaneous Determination of Selected Trace Contaminants in Drinking Water using Solid-Phase Extraction-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Accurate determination of emerging contaminants in drinking water constitutes a major environmental challenge for which highly sensitive analytical methods are needed. This work details the development of a novel highly sensitive solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of a diverse panel of widely used trace contaminants, including two pharmaceuticals (fluoxetine and gemfibrozil), three pesticides (3-hydroxycarbofuran, azinphos-methyl, and chlorpyrifos), and two hormones (testosterone and progesterone) in water. The method is highly reproducible and sensitive with detection limits at subnanogram per liter level (0.05–0.5 ng/L). It was used to monitor the occurrence of these contaminants in source and drinking water across 18 drinking water treatment facilities in Missouri, USA in 1 year including cold winter and hot summer seasons. The experiment results indicated that all of the monitored contaminant concentrations are very low, lower than or close to the method detection limits, in the selected water treatment facilities. Pesticide concentrations were slightly elevated in some source waters during hot season, whereas slightly higher pharmaceuticals were observed during cold season. The concentrations of two hormones were lower than the limits of detection in all the water samples. These contaminants were present, if any, at below detection limits in all treated drinking water samples analyzed, suggesting that treatment processes effectively removed the contaminants studied herein.
Simple ultraviolet microscope using off-the-shelf components for point-of-care diagnostics

At the primary care setting, where there are often no or minimal laboratories, examinations often consist of self-testing and rapid diagnostics. Because of this, medical devices must be simple, robust, and easy to operate. To address these concerns, an alternate fluorescence microscope design uses ultraviolet (UV) excitation, since fluorescent dyes that are excitable in the visible region are also excitable by UV. This may allow for the removal of typical excitation, emission, and dichroic filters as optical components absorb UV wavelengths and UV is not detected by silicon based detectors. Additionally, UV has a very low penetration into samples, which may allow for controlling the depth of excitation, and thus the imaging volume. Based on these ideas, we developed a simple fluorescence microscope built completely from off-the-shelf components that uses UV to image fluorescently stained samples. The simple opto-mechanical design of the system may allow it to be more compact and easy to use, as well as decrease the overall cost of the diagnostic device. For biological validation, we imaged whole blood stained with acridine orange and performed a two-part white blood cell differential count.
Visual acuity outcomes in Coats disease by classification stage in 160 patients

Purpose To assess visual outcomes of Coats disease by classification stage. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on consecutive patients with Coats disease, classified according to Shields classification and with available Snellen visual acuity before and after treatment. Results There were 160 eyes with Coats disease (stage 1 (n=2) vs stage 2A (n=17) vs stage 2B (n=22) vs stage 3A1 (n=26) vs stage 3A2 (n=40) vs stage 3B (n=42) vs stage 4 (n=9) vs stage 5 (n=2)). By comparison, more advanced stage showed greater frequency of poor presenting visual acuity ( Conclusion Visual acuity in eyes with Coats disease parallels staging with more advanced stage demonstrating poorer visual acuity at presentation and final visit.
Lp Row Sampling by Lewis Weights

We give a simple algorithm to efficiently sample the rows of a matrix while preserving the p-norms of its product with vectors. Given an n * d matrix A, we find with high probability and in input sparsity time an A' consisting of about d log d rescaled rows of A such that |Ax|1 is close to |A'x|1 for all vectors x. We also show similar results for all Lp that give nearly optimal sample bounds in input sparsity time. Our results are based on sampling by "Lewis weights", which can be viewed as statistical leverage scores of a reweighted matrix. We also give an elementary proof of the guarantees of this sampling process for L1.
Clustering in structure and reactions using configuration interaction techniques

Background: Atomic nuclei are remarkable quantum many-body systems where clustering properties develop naturally from underlying interactions between the constituent nucleons. Clustering degrees of freedom manifest themselves in multiple structure and reaction observables.Purpose: Our goal is to study nuclear clustering and its emergence in many-nucleon dynamics from nucleon-nucleon interactions. Clustering is a phenomenon that is known to emerge on the boundary between structure and reactions, therefore developing appropriate techniques that bridge the structure-reaction divide and establishing connections to observables is among our principal objectives. Showing consistency and how the new techniques can be reduced to well established other methods is an important part of this work.Methods: The configuration-interaction technique based on second quantization is used to treat the quantum many-body problem assuring that fermionic antisymmetry is fully satisfied. The use of the harmonic oscillator single-particle basis allows for the center-of-mass coordinate to be separated and prepared in a desired oscillator state for each cluster. The relative motion reaction basis channels are constructed by coupling clusters in different harmonic oscillator states with respect to their relative motion. Finally, using a resonating group method strategy we solve the generalized eigenvalue problem to obtain scattering channels. Structural clustering characteristics are discussed and the modified harmonic oscillator representation for scattering equations method is used to extract scattering observables.Results: New methods for treating clustering problems have been put forward. We demonstrate broad applicability of the developed techniques. Examples highlight connections with algebraic techniques, and the role of approximations leading to algebraic limits is assessed using realistic examples. Various types of clustering characteristics are used to study alpha clustering in light nuclei that are relevant to currently ongoing experimental efforts. We demonstrate the emergence of strongly clustered bands of states in beryllium, triple alpha channels in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, and molecular type clustering in $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$. Starting from nucleon-nucleon interactions without any additional assumptions scattering phase shifts for alpha-alpha scattering are determined and shown to be consistent with those observed.Conclusions: In this work we put forward a new configuration-interaction-based method that targets the physics of clustering, and further unifies nuclear structure and reactions. We provide detailed discussions and many examples highlighting features and advantages of the approach.
Modeling pre-spark heat release and low temperature chemistry of iso-octane in a boosted spark-ignition engine

Abstract Recent trends among automotive manufacturers towards downsized, boosted engines make it imperative to understand specific fuel chemistry interactions encountered in this new operating regime. At these elevated pressure conditions a phenomenon called pre-spark heat release has recently been discovered, and is characterized by kinetically controlled heat release before spark, with resultant changes in end-gas thermodynamic state and composition. These reactions typically occur in the end-gas during normal operation, but are obscured by the deflagration heat release and therefore cannot be easily studied. A 2-zone spark-ignition engine model was utilized to determine whether chemical kinetic mechanisms are able to predict this phenomenon, and whether they accurately capture end-gas thermodynamic history. Experimental engine data at a range of boosted operating conditions demonstrating pre-spark heat release were compared with simulations using mechanisms representing the latest developments in gasoline kinetic modeling. The results demonstrated significant discrepancies between mechanisms, and between experimental and simulated results in terms of low-temperature heat release magnitude, end-gas thermodynamic state, and autoignition propensity. The results highlight shortcomings in low-temperature reaction pathways, and indicate the necessity of simultaneously matching first-stage ignition delay and heat release magnitude, in addition to second-stage ignition delay, in order to accurately predict end-gas thermodynamics and autoignition.
Smooth projections and the construction of smooth Parseval frames of shearlets

Smooth orthogonal projections with good localization properties were originally studied in the wavelet literature as a way to both understand and generalize the construction of smooth wavelet bases on $L^{2}(\mathbb {R})$. Smoothness plays a critical role in the construction of wavelet bases and their generalizations as it is instrumental to achieve excellent approximation properties. In this paper, we extend the construction of smooth orthogonal projections to higher dimensions, a challenging problem in general for which relatively few results are found in the literature. Our investigation is motivated by the study of multidimensional nonseparable multiscale systems such as shearlets. Using our new class of smooth orthogonal projections, we construct new smooth Parseval frames of shearlets in $L^{2}(\mathbb {R}^{2})$ and $L^{2}(\mathbb {R}^{3})$.
Regulation of Central Nervous System Development by Class I Histone Deacetylases

Neurodevelopment is a highly complex process composed of several carefully regulated events starting from the proliferation of neuroepithelial cells and culminating with and refining of neural networks and synaptic transmission. Improper regulation of any of these neurodevelopmental events often results in severe brain dysfunction. Accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetic modifications of chromatin play a key role in neurodevelopmental regulation. Among these modifications are histone acetylation and deacetylation, which control access of transcription factors to DNA, thereby regulating gene transcription. Histone deacetylation, which restricts access of transcription factor repressing gene transcription, involves the action of members of a family of 18 enzymes, the histone deacetylases (HDAC), which are subdivided in 4 subgroups. This review focuses on the Group 1 HDACs - HDAC 1, 2, 3, and 8. Although much of the evidence for HDAC involvement in neurodevelopment has come from the use of pharmacological inhibitors, because these agents are generally nonselective with regard to their effects on individual members of the HDAC family, this review is limited to evidence garnered from the use of molecular genetic approaches. Our review describes that Class I HDACs play essential roles in all phases of neurodevelopment. Modulation of the activity of individual HDACs could be an important therapeutic approach for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
Epidemiology of enterovirus D68 infection

In autumn 2015, the detection number of enterovirus D68 increased in Japan, and many cases of severe bronchial asthma and acute flaccid paralysis were observed. At that time, among WPR countries Japan was a country not implementing AFP surveillance, which was implemented in 174 countries in 194 WHO member countries. Since May 2018, ''acute flaccid paralysis (excluding poliomyelitis)'' was introduced into the notification diseases based on the Infectious Disease Law. Acute flaccid paralysis cases under 15 years old were reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) system within 7 days after the diagnosis. From around October 2018, the number of AFP reports has increased. Many cases were preschool children, and the median age was 4 years old.
A Comprehensive Study of Deep Video Action Recognition.

Video action recognition is one of the representative tasks for video understanding. Over the last decade, we have witnessed great advancements in video action recognition thanks to the emergence of deep learning. But we also encountered new challenges, including modeling long-range temporal information in videos, high computation costs, and incomparable results due to datasets and evaluation protocol variances. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of over 200 existing papers on deep learning for video action recognition. We first introduce the 17 video action recognition datasets that influenced the design of models. Then we present video action recognition models in chronological order: starting with early attempts at adapting deep learning, then to the two-stream networks, followed by the adoption of 3D convolutional kernels, and finally to the recent compute-efficient models. In addition, we benchmark popular methods on several representative datasets and release code for reproducibility. In the end, we discuss open problems and shed light on opportunities for video action recognition to facilitate new research ideas.
Exploring Inclusion of College Students With IDD in Campus Recreation Through the Lens of Recreation Departments’ Organizational Level Stakeholders:

Participation in recreation can produce health benefits for all college students and open pathways to inclusion for individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD). Despite th...