cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on Impact of ±1100 kV UHVDC Asia-Europe Project on Security and Stability of Germany Receiving Power Grid

In consideration of energy saving and emission reduction goal of EU and serious consequences caused by leakage accident of Japan Fukushima nuclear power plant occurring after earthquake, German government decided to abandon building new nuclear plants and decommission of existing nuclear plants gradually. Meanwhile, China Xinjiang Region and neighboring Central Asian countries have very rich renewable energy resources and successful experiences of UHVDC power transmission technology widely used in China also provides technical guarantee for long-distance bulk power transmission. According to materials published by European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity(ENTSO-E), detailed electromechanical transient simulation model of Germany 220 kV and above systems and equivalent systems of major interconnected countries was built up on PSD-BPA computing platform. Comprehensive calculation and analysis of power system stability were carried out for the issues on 11 GW UHVDC in-feed to Germany in 2020. By means of single and multiple contingency transient stability calculation in the gird near load center, impact of HVDC monopole, bi-pole blocks and AC contingencies on power grid safety and stability was analyzed. Furthermore, other influencing factors, such as system interconnecting, in-feed power percentage and receiving grid capacity were also studied. Calculation and analytical conclusions in the article provide strong support for technical feasibility of Asian-European interconnection.
Fining Grain of Microwave Ferrite Materials

The experiments and results of attritor and heat press on YIG and of flashing sinter and heat isostatic press on YGdIGs are given and discussed. The YIG specimens with grain size 2 μm were prepared. Their typical property is  Δ H k =0.7～0.4kA/m, Δ H=2.8～ 3.9 kA/m.
Musical improvisation: multi-scaled spatiotemporal patterns of coordination

When jazz musicians perform an improvisational piece of music their behaviors are not fully prescribed in advance. Nonetheless their actions become so tightly coordinated and their decisions so seamlessly intertwined that the musicians behave as a single synergistic unit rather than a collection of individuals. A fundamental aspect of such musical improvisation is the bodily movement coordination that occurs among the performing musicians, with the embodied interaction of musicians both supporting and constraining musical creativity. Here we consider the ability of pairs of piano players to improvise, to spontaneously coordinate their actions with co-performers. We demonstrate the ability of the time-evolving patterns of inter-musician movement coordination as revealed by the mathematical tools of nonlinear time series analyses to provide a new understanding of what potentiates the novelty of spontaneous musical action. Cross wavelet spectral analysis is applied to the musical movements of pairs of improvising pianists, a method that isolates the strength and patterning of the behavioral coordination across a range of nested time-scales. Additionally, cross-recurrence quantification analysis is applied to the series of notes produced by each musician to assess when and how often they visit the same musical states throughout the improvisation. Revealing the sophistication of the previously unexplored dynamics of movement coordination between improvising musicians is an important step towards understanding how creative musical expressions emerge from the spontaneous coordination of multiple musical bodies.
miR-204 Targets PERK and Regulates UPR Signaling and β-Cell Apoptosis

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the associated β-cell apoptosis. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely studied in various diseases including diabetes, the role of miRNAs in ER stress and β-cell apoptosis has only started to be elucidated. We recently showed that diabetes increases β-cell miR-204 and have now discovered that miR-204 directly targets the 3'untranslated region of protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), 1 of the 3 ER transmembrane sensors and a key factor of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In addition, by using primary human islets, mouse islets, and INS-1 β-cells, we found that miR-204 decreased PERK expression as well as its downstream factors, activating transcription factor 4 and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, whereas it had no effect on the other 2 ER transmembrane sensors, activating transcription factor 6 and inositol-requiring enzyme-1α. Interestingly, we discovered that miR-204 also inhibited PERK signaling in the context of ER stress, and this exacerbated ER stress-induced β-cell apoptosis. This effect could be mimicked by PERK inhibitors supporting the notion that the miR-204-mediated inhibition of PERK and UPR signaling was conferring these detrimental effects on cell survival. Taken together, we have identified PERK as a novel target of miR-204 and show that miR-204 inhibits PERK signaling and increases ER stress-induced cell death, revealing for the first time a link between this miRNA and UPR.
Toward a Specification for Transport Properties of Concrete Based on the Formation Factor of a Sealed Specimen

This paper proposes that the formation factor can be used in performance-based specifications as a fundamental measure of the transport properties of concrete. The formation factor can be measured using a concrete cylinder that is sealed until the age of testing and in either the sealed or fully saturated condition at the time of testing. The proposed method is rapid, easy to perform, fundamentally related to service life models, and is applicable to a wide range of binder compositions. The formation factor is defined herein as the ratio of the electrical resistivity of the bulk sample and the resistivity of the pore solution. The role of temperature, pore solution dilution, and moisture conditioning on the measured results is discussed. The paper then provides a relationship between the formation factor and service life for bridge decks and illustrates how this approach could be used for both a specification and for quality control/quality acceptance. It is recommended that the testing method be standardized, though the performance limits of the formation factor may be dependent on the type and geometry of the structure, the location of the structure, the exposure conditions, and the risk associated with damage to the structure.
Immunolocalization of Integrins in Proliferative Retinal Membranes

Purpose. Integrins are cell surface adhesion molecules that serve as receptors for extracellular matrix components or for other cells. Integrins help regulate processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. These processes are thought to have fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of proliferative retinal membranes in diseases such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Therefore, the authors sought to determine the expression pattern of integrins in human proliferative membranes. Methods. Tissue was obtained from two patients with PVR, two with PDR, and one subretinal neovascular membrane from a patient with presumed ocular histoplasmosis. Integrins were detected with an avidin-biotin-complex immunohistochemical technique using nine different monoclonal antibodies specific for alpha subunits 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and V, and beta subunits 1, 2, and 3. Results. All integrin subunits studied were detectable to varying degrees in proliferative membranes. 0i and a6 were especially prominent at the edges of most PVR and PDR membranes. Pigmented cells expressed up to nine different integrin subunits, in contrast to normal RPE cells, which immunostained for only a4 and /32- Proliferative diabetic retinopathy vessels expressed all nine integrin subunits examined, including a4, which was poorly expressed in vessels of nondiabetic retinas. Conclusions. Integrin subunits are readily detectable in pathologic membranes. Both PVR and PDR are associated with altered integrin expression in vascular endothelium and pigmented cells. The distribution of integrins at the edge of a membrane suggests a role in the growth or contraction of the membrane, presumably by participating in the interaction between cells and substances such as vitreous collagen. Therefore, integrin antagonists may hold promise for the treatment of proliferative retinopathies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994; 35:34753485.
The Ionic Channel of the Acetylcholine Receptor: Regulation by Sites Outside and Inside the Cell Membrane Which Are Sensitive to Quaternary Ligands

The actions of several quaternary molecules on the end plate region of the frog sartorius muscle were studied using bath application or intracellular injection. Tetraethylammonium (TEA), atropine methyl bromide, phencyclidine methiodide (PCP methiodide), piperocaine methiodide, and N -methyl piperidine methiodide were injected into the sarcoplasm just beneath the postjunctional membrane and 250-350 µm away from the end plate region. The ability of these agents to depress potassium conductance and prolong the muscle action potential was used as a measure of the efficacy of intracellular drug administration. External application of TEA (50-1000 µM) decreased the peak amplitude of the end plate current (EPC) and its time constant of decay (τEPC), but this agent and atropine methyl bromide were ineffective when injected internally. PCP methiodide (3-30 µM) and piperocaine methiodide (10-60 µM) had a potent action on EPCs and spontaneous miniature end plate currents (MEPCs) when applied to either side of the membrane. Both agents caused nonlinearity of the peak amplitude and a shortened channel lifetime in spite of the fact that they sense only 6% of the membrane potential at their rate-limiting energy barrier. Internal application of PCP methiodide caused significant depression of the EPC and MEPC peak amplitude and simultaneous shortening of MEPC decay time constant. The decay time constant of the EPC and MEPC in the presence of PCP methiodide and piperocaine methiodide was shorter at less negative (i.e., -60 mV) than at more negative (i.e., -100 mV) membrane potentials. Similar results were obtained with internal applications of piperocaine methiodide. N -methyl piperidine methiodide, a quaternary contaminant of PCP methiodide, did not display any effect when it was applied inside the cell. The results indicate that sites controlling the ionic channel of the acetylcholine receptor from the external surface may be significantly different from sites on the internal surface, even though both sites do interact with certain quaternary amines. These findings further indicate that the ionic channel is asymmetrical with the selectivity gate located most likely at the intracellular region of the channel. Finally, it is suggested that the decay time constant of the ionic currents in the presence of tertiary agents may be an average, voltage-dependent result of the actions of the agent inside and outside the cell. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are grateful to Professor David Triggle for the gift of PCP methiodide. We are most indebted to Dr. Harel Weinstein and Dr. Saul Mayaani for the most valuable suggestions for and criticisms of the manuscript. We are also grateful to Dr. Daniel Weinreich for the technical suggestions regarding intracellular release of drugs. The expert computer analysis and general technical assistance of Ms. Mabel Zelle are greatly appreciated.
The (Latin) American underground: Havana and marginocentric hip hop

ABSTRACTHavana functions as a node for Latin American “underground” hip hop from which artists rehearse cosmopolitanism from the periphery. Treating Havana as a marginocentric city, I suggest that hip hop culture can be seen as an important channel for the transnational flow of cultural capital and the decolonization of knowledge. I examine Havana’s marginocentric position vis-a-vis the Latin American hip hop network as both a physical meeting place and a space from which to imagine discourses of latinidad. Through close readings of song lyrics of one of Havana’s most outspoken rap groups, Los Aldeanos, in dialogue with other Latin American raperos, I outline the way these artists reconfigure the idea of “Latin America” by imagining a transnational “underground” network and carving out a space for community and solidarity that transcends geopolitical boundaries.
Absence of DJ-1 causes age-related retinal abnormalities in association with increased oxidative stress.

Abstract Oxidative stress alters physiological function in most biological tissues and can lead to cell death. In the retina, oxidative stress initiates a cascade of events leading to focal loss of RPE and photoreceptors, which is thought to be a major contributing factor to geographic atrophy. Despite these implications, the molecular regulation of RPE oxidative stress under normal and pathological conditions remains largely unknown. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in regulating RPE and photoreceptors oxidative stress response is greatly needed. To this end we evaluated photoreceptor and RPE changes in mice deficient in DJ-1, a protein that is thought to be important in protecting cells from oxidative stress. Young (3 months) and aged (18 months) DJ-1 knockout (DJ-1 KO) and age-matched wild-type mice were examined. In both group of aged mice, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) showed the presence of a few autofluorescent foci. The 18 month-old DJ-1 KO retinas were also characterized by a noticeable increase in RPE fluorescence to wild-type. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging demonstrated that all retinal layers were present in the eyes of both DJ-1 KO groups. ERG comparisons showed that older DJ-1 KO mice had reduced sensitivity under dark- and light-adapted conditions compared to age-matched control. Histologically, the RPE contained prominent vacuoles in young DJ-1 KO group with the appearance of enlarged irregularly shaped RPE cells in the older group. These were also evident in OCT and in whole mount RPE/choroid preparations labeled with phalloidin. Photoreceptors in the older DJ-1 KO mice displayed decreased immunoreactivity to rhodopsin and localized reduction in cone markers compared to the wild-type control group. Lower levels of activated Nrf2 were evident in retina/RPE lysates in both young and old DJ-1 KO mouse groups compared to wild-type control levels. Conversely, higher levels of protein carbonyl derivatives and iNOS immunoreactivity were detected in retina/RPE lysates from both young and old DJ-1 KO mice. These results demonstrate that DJ-1 KO mice display progressive signs of retinal/RPE degeneration in association with higher levels of oxidative stress markers. Collectively this analysis indicates that DJ-1 plays an important role in protecting photoreceptors and RPE from oxidative damage during aging.
Climatological Overview of the Period from 1955 to 1985

The mean distribution of seasonal snowfall over the northeastern corner of the United States is largely dependent upon latitude (Fig. 1), ranging from 15 cm in the southeastern corner of Virginia to greater than 250 cm across sections of central and northern New England, New York, and West Virginia. The increase in snowfall at higher latitudes is skewed from southwest to northeast by the Atlantic Ocean’s moderating influence on temperatures near the coastline. The effect of elevation on temperature also shapes the distribution of snowfall, as demonstrated by the snowfall maxima over mountainous inland sections. The primary source of snowfall in this region is from midlatitude cyclonic weather systems. Areas adjacent to the Great Lakes and the highlands of West Virginia, western Pennsylvania, and Maryland, however, also receive significant snowfall from the passage of cold, continental air over the relatively warm surfaces of the Great Lakes, in concert with orographic effects.
QoE-cognizant video rate adaptation over bandwidth-limited network paths

We employ a model-based engineering (MBE) of video rate adaptation functions on a bandwidth-constrained end-to-end network path: such as the Internet. The intrinsic complexity of video rate adaptive system arises from two estimation problems: first, the available bandwidth along the path, and second, the bandwidth demand of a video data flow exercised on the path. The well-known AIMD (additive increase multiplicative decrease) algorithm works reasonably well to get around these difficulties, albeit, with certain limitations that affect the QoE (quality of end-user user experience). The AIMD algorithm is unable to distinguish between the scenarios of a congestion in the network and a marginal over-rate allocation, as it searches for an optimal send rate of video. Consequently, AIMD does not have good handle on the convergence latency during a congestion relief, and the rate jitter incurred in the steady-state. In this paper, we provide extensions to AIMD in the form of dynamic plugin of the rate adjustment parameters, namely, how fast or slow the rate should be reduced or increased. The extended AIMD, armed with a system-level support mechanism for dynamc parameter adjustments, improves the overall QoE of end-users when reacting to congestion. The paper describes experimental results to demonstrate the viability of our extended AIMD.
Molecular Design of Organically-Modified ‘Smart’ Sol-Gel Materials

The design, synthesis and stimuli-responsive behavior of organically-modified silicates (ORMOSILS) is reported. The ORMOSILS behave as ‘smart’ materials by undergoing structural changes at the molecular level to respond to changes in environmental variables. Typical responses in the form of swelling/shrinkage with respect to changes in temperature, pH, and salt concentrations are presented. Finally, the nature of predominant mechanism responsible for the sol-gel’s behavior towards combined stimuli of high temperature and low pH is discussed.
Implementing the SAVI SCOUT System in Community Radiology Practice

SAVI SCOUT is a new localization system approved by the FDA to aid in the surgical excision of nonpalpable breast lesions. This article provides a practical overview of the technical details of SAVI SCOUT use and presents important clinical and operational factors for radiologists to consider before implementation of SAVI SCOUT in community practice.
Evaluation of a cation-exchanging tracer to interrogate fracture surface area in enhanced geothermal systems

Column transport experiments were conducted at 225 °C and 300 °C using a crushed amphibolite schist from Fenton Hill, NM to evaluate lithium ion as a cation-exchanging tracer to interrogate fracture surface area in enhanced geothermal systems. Lithium exchange proceeded to equilibrium rapidly, and Li+ selectivity doubled from 225 °C to 300 °C, with the selectivity at both temperatures being much greater than at room temperature. Also, cation exchange was deduced to be occurring primarily in a thin “rim zone” (<0.05 mm) on the rock surfaces. These results are all encouraging for using lithium ion to interrogate fracture surface area in enhanced geothermal systems.
Cell Lysate-Based AlphaLISA Deubiquitinase Assay Platform for Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors

The deubiquitinases, or DUBs, are associated with various human diseases, including neurological disorders, cancer, and viral infection, making them excellent candidates for pharmacological intervention. Drug discovery campaigns against DUBs require enzymatic deubiquitination assays amenable for high-throughput screening (HTS). Although several DUB substrates and assays have been developed in recent years, they are largely limited to recombinantly purified DUBs. Many DUBs are large multidomain proteins that are difficult to obtain recombinantly in sufficient quantities for HTS. Therefore, an assay that obviates the need of recombinant protein generation and also recapitulates a physiologically relevant environment is highly desirable. Such an assay will open doors for drug discovery against many therapeutically relevant, but currently inaccessible, DUBs. Here, we report a cell lysate DUB assay based on AlphaLISA technology for high throughput screening. This assay platform uses a biotin-tagged ubiquitin p...
Agricultural market activity and Boko Haram attacks in northeastern Nigeria

This paper examines the linkages between Boko Haram activities in northeastern Nigeria and declined activities in regional agricultural markets. Building on data from both the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) and the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), the paper first considers the geographic distribution of Boko Haram events with respect to market towns and discusses whether there is evidence of Boko Haram activities near markets having influence on declined market operations. Next, it examines the temporal character of market operations and the timing of their changes in their operational status, including market closures, with respect to the seasonality of agricultural production and land use in northeastern Nigeria. The paper measures the frequency of changes in regional market activities and considers spatial relationships and temporal correlations with Boko Haram activities in the region over twelve periods from late 2014 through the end of 2016. Finally, the paper formulates policy recommendations for assessing and mitigating coupled challenges of human and environmental security.
A method for simultaneous targeted mutagenesis of all nuclear rDNA repeats in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using CRISPR-Cas9

Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been the prime model to study the assembly and functionality of eukaryotic ribosomes. Within that vast landscape, the specific problem of mutagenizing all 150 nuclear rRNA genes was bypassed using strains whose chromosomal copies had been deleted and substituted by plasmid-borne rDNA. Work with these strains has produced important insights, but nucleolar structure is altered and such yeast-specific approaches are elaborate and not transferable to most other eukaryotes. We describe here a simple CRISPR-Cas9 based method to place targeted mutations in all 150 chromosomal rDNA repeats in yeast. The procedure per se is not expected to alter the nucleolus and is potentially applicable also to other eukaryotes. Yeast was transformed with a plasmid bearing the genes for Cas9 and for the guide RNA, engineered to target a site in the SSU region. Our mutagenesis plan included insertion of a spliceosomal intron in the normally intronless yeast nuclear rDNA. Despite the potential lethality of cutting all 150 rDNA repeats at the same time, yeast survived the Cas9 attack through inactivation of the cut sites either by point mutations or by inserting the intron, which was spliced out correctly from the rRNA transcript. In each mutant strain the same mutation was present in all rDNA repeats and was stably inherited even after removal of the Cas9 plasmid.
Design and implementation of a low-cost arduino-based high-frequency AC waveform meter board for the raspberry pi

This paper introduces a low-cost AC meter designed to continuously measure voltage and current waveforms at up to 14 kHz. The AC power meter, provided as open hardware, is designed using the same micro controller as the Arduino UNO1 with an In-system Programming (ISP) interface, thus allowing the user to change the firmware to match their particular use case using Arduino libraries or standard C language. The suggested design is compatible with the Raspberry Pi 32, making it a suitable real-time measurement accessory for the single board computer. The platform features an 8 channel simultaneous sampling Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) which allows a high fidelity sampling without time offsets. Depending on how the user decides to combine current transformers (CTs) and AC-AC voltage adapters for the input channels, circuit breakers or appliances can be measured in either one phase or three phases.
1.23 – Application of Micro- and Nanotechnology in Photovoltaics

This chapter provides an overview of research efforts toward the application of micro- and nanotechnologies to solar photovoltaics (PVs). Shorter-term applications are focused on improving the processing cost of conventional thin-film solar cells using nanoparticle inks, as well as improving performance by using novel optical films. There are also efforts to develop novel micro/nanoarchitectures such as nanowire or nanocomposite-based devices. Finally, various quantum-based concepts are considered, and progress toward demonstration of devices is discussed. The chapter ends with a perspective on the future of micro/nanosolar technologies in PVs and the potential manufacturing issues that are anticipated as these new technologies develop.
An Improved Single-disk Method for Testing the Antibiotic Susceptibility of Rapidly-growing Pathogens

The Kirby-Bauer method of disk antibiotic-susceptibility tests is well standardized and accurate, but the method for standardizing the inoculum is rather time-consuming and is often impractical for routine use. This report describes a somewhat more practical, efficient method for inoculating the test plates. A calibrated inoculum obtained from a small volume of broth culture is spread over the agar surface with a seeded agar overlay. Comparison of this new method with the standardized Kirby-Bauer method shows that the zones of inhibition are nearly identical in size, and thus the same zone standards for interpretation can be applied to both methods. Because the inhibitory zone edges were better defined on plates inoculated with the agar-overlay method, there was a slightly better correlation between zone diameters and minimal inhibitory concentrations, especially with bacteriostatic drugs. Tests with swarming Proteus mirabilis were much more satisfactory with the agar-overlay method. The new technic is recommended as a routine method for testing the common Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus .
Grid Friendly Appliance Controllers to Increase the Dynamic Stability of Networked Resiliency-based Microgrids

Microgrids provide the ability to maintain service to critical end-use loads when utility service is not available. Despite their ability to increase resiliency, they can have high capital and operating costs; this can be compounded by the complexities associated with low inertia systems. One option to mitigate the costs is to more effectively engage the assets within the microgrids, specifically the end-use loads. Previous work has shown that by using Grid Friendly™ Appliance controllers, it is possible to increase the dynamic stability of multiple microgrids during switching transients, without the need to oversize generation assets or to install energy storage devices. Building on the previous work, this paper will present a method for determining the set-points of decentralized controllers, accounting for the different characteristics and sizes of loads, to facilitate multiple microgrid switching operations. By effectively engaging the end-use load as a resource, the switching operations necessary to network low inertia microgrids for resiliency applications can be supported without the need to oversize generation assets or for energy storage.
Evolution of epilayer tilt in thick In x Ga 1-x As metamorphic buffer layers grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy

Abstract Tilt behavior in thick In x Ga 1− x As metamorphic buffer layers (MBLs) grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) was measured by high-resolution reciprocal space mapping. Step-graded and continuously-graded structures, grown on nominally (001) oriented GaAs substrates, were analyzed. Tilt was measured as a function of position in a step-graded MBL. It was found that the tilt was strongest near the edges and tended to point toward the sample center. Step-grading induced a nearly linear tilt increase with x InAs , while tilt increased slowly below x InAs ~0.10 then increased more sharply with In concentration in continuously-graded samples. The tilt behavior could be described by a model in which the tilt is attributed to imbalances in dislocations that result from cross-slip within a glide length of the sample edge. This finding implies that dislocation multiplication by cross slip is an important strain relief mechanism during the growth of these MBLs. Strategies for minimizing tilt in HVPE MBLs are discussed.
Internships in Special Collections: Experiential Pedagogy, Intentional Design, and High-Impact Practice

Archives and special collections can be sites of deep, experiential learning for college students, through hands-on engagement with primary sources in reading rooms or classrooms and through mentored learning experiences like practicums or internships. Internships are a well-established component of formal education and training in the library and archives field, and many special collections and archives host internships for graduate students in library science and archives certificate programs; some institutions also host undergraduate student internships. Internships are recognized as a way for future archivists and special collections librarians to gain training and experience, “to connect the skills and knowledge gained” in coursework to day-to-day professional practice, and to “[engage] in meaningful work under the mentorship of experienced … professionals.” For libraries and archives, an internship is often a useful means for allotting additional manpower to projects like processing or cataloging backlogs, for promoting collections, or for recruitment.
Multivalued logic implementation using Quantum dot gate non-volatile memory

This paper addresses the challenge to implement multi-valued logic (MVL) circuit. Semiconductor industries are trying to solve the issues of integration below sub-nm range of semiconductor process. MVL implementation may solve that issue in an indirect way by increasing the processing information at a time with the same number of circuit elements. Various researchers are trying to find the proper semiconductor device to implement MVL. This paper introduces the application of quantum dot gate non-volatile memory (QDNVM) in MVL implementation. This work also shows the result of MVL in image processing using QDNVM.
Transfer of Training, Trainee Attitudes and Best Practices in Training Design: a Multiple-Case Study

Transfer of training has not been perceived as successful for training programs in bringing about targeted knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA). The review of current literature revealed a lack of consensus of the nature of transfer and ambiguity of the role an individual’s attitude plays in the learning and transfer process. To provide insight into trainees’ attitude from a holistic view, we conducted a multiple-case study to investigate trainees’ learning and transfer experience in depth. The findings from five independent cases revealed high transfer rates of newly acquired KSA to teaching, and that trainees’ affective, cognitive, and behavioral attitudes are perceived to be closely related to their learning and transfer. Recommendations of training design practice such as experiential learning design and signature pedagogies across different disciplines are provided based on the training program design and the triangulated data resources.
Terror and Self-Evidence: Robespierre and the General Will

ABSTRACTThis essay looks at the relationship between two apparently conflicting features of revolutionary rhetoric, especially during and leading into the French Revolution. On the one hand, revolu...
Biological consequences of agricultural and urban land-use along the Maumee River, a major tributary to the Laurentian Great Lakes watershed

Abstract Many riverine systems are impacted by a combination of agricultural and urban land use. In this study, we assessed the impacts of high intensity agriculture and urban land use in the Maumee River, the largest Great Lakes tributary, using sunfish (Lepomis spp.). The land use gradient from agricultural headwaters to densely urban areas was hypothesized to be paralleled by a shift in the chemical signature and biological effects. We caged hatchery-reared sunfish at field sites and collected concurrently resident sunfish. We analyzed fish for alterations in morphological indices, hematological characteristics, and anatomical development. Water, sediment, and fish tissues were analyzed for pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Chemicals were detected in all samples, and no clear agricultural/urban distinction in water chemistry was apparent. We detected forty-three chemicals (19% of analyzed) in at least half of the water samples, and 101 chemicals (44%) in at least one water sample. The pesticides desethylatrazine (100% of samples) and heptachlor epoxide (89%), and pharmaceuticals iopamidol (100%) and sulfamethoxazole (89%) were frequently detected. Resident sunfish were more sensitive than caged sunfish, and both experienced elevated stress responses at urban sites. Declining biological indices suggest contaminant-related impairments which may have altered resource allocation and could have contributed to decreased sexual maturity. Agricultural, and especially urban, contaminants entering aquatic ecosystems as non-point sources affect sunfish biology through acute and chronic exposure. Natural resource managers are advised to broadly assess stressors prior to investing into stream restoration efforts.
cAMP/PKA pathway and mitochondrial protection in oxidative stress-induced optic nerve head astrocytes.

Neural Regen Res, Official publication of Publishing House of Neural Regeneration Research China Association of Rehabilitation Medicine,China
Making Apps: An Approach to Recruiting Youth to Computer Science

In response to the need to broaden participation in computer science, we designed a summer camp to teach middle-school-aged youth to code apps with MIT App Inventor. For the past four summers, we have observed significant gains in youth's interest and self-efficacy in computer science, after attending our camps. The majority of these youth, however, were youth from our local community. To provide equal access across the state and secure more diversity, we were interested in examining the effect of the camp on a broader population of youth. Thus, we partnered with an outreach program to reach and test our camps on youth from low-income high-poverty areas in the Intermountain West. During the summer of 2019, we conducted two sets of camps: locally advertised app camps that attracted youth from our local community and a second set of camps as part of a larger outreach program for youth from low-income high-poverty areas. The camps for both populations followed the same design of personnel, camp activities, structure, and curriculum. However, the background of the participants was slightly different. Using survey data, we found that the local sample experienced significant gains in both self-efficacy and interest, while the outreach group only reported significant gains in self-efficacy after attending the camp. However, the qualitative data collected from the outreach participants indicated that they had a positive experience both with the camp and their mentors. In this article, we discuss the camp design and findings in relation to strategies for broadening participation in Computer Science education.
Who We Are Today: a National Survey of Diversity Among Psychiatry Program Directors.

In March 2018, the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training (AADPRT) formed the Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) Committee. One of the committee’s goals was to understand the AADPRT membership’s composition and their perceptions of D&I. This study’s objective was to identify the demographic characteristics of the AADPRT membership. Program directors were invited by email to participate in an anonymous survey. The survey collected participants’ demographic information including gender, race/ethnicity, training background, age, disability/differently abled status, job role, geographic region where their program is located, type of program, and their program’s community setting. Two hundred fifty six of 657 AADPRT members (39%) completed the survey. Respondents were mostly White (64.5%) followed by Asian/Southeast Asian (17.6%), Hispanic/Latinx (4.3%), and Black (1.6%). Only 13.3% of the participants were international medical graduates. Women were more prevalent (61.7%) than men (37.5%), and 9.4% self-identified as members of the LGBTQ+ Community. This study represents the first systematic investigation into the diversity among psychiatry program directors throughout the USA and Canada. Future qualitative studies are needed to better understand the reasons behind this initial study’s findings. Potential concerns requiring exploration include the possibility of the program director role serving as a “glass ceiling” for some women and a “leaky pipeline” in academia for groups underrepresented in medicine.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Occupational Therapists in the Evaluation and Treatment of Oculomotor Impairment Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Currently, a lack of guidelines exists regarding best practices for occupational therapists (OTs) in the treatment and evaluation of oculomotor dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, individuals with TBI would benefit significantly from collaboration between OTs and optometrists during inpatient rehab. Although few articles examine interdisciplinary models of inpatient rehab care that include optometry, a recent pilot study is explored. Emerging evidence from the field of optometry supports the use of restorative approaches for oculomotor impairment in mild TBI; however, cases with moderate to severe TBI are not addressed. We describe an interdisciplinary approach involving collaboration between optometry and occupational therapy, yielding a comprehensive model to effectively evaluate and treat oculomotor impairments in those with TBI and facilitate improved performance in daily activities. We also provide guidelines useful for OTs working in settings where collaboration with optometry is not feasible.
Smoke-Free Laws and Disparities in Youth Smoking in the U.S., 2001-2018.

Introduction This study examines whether smoke-free laws are differentially associated with youth smoking outcomes by parental education, race/ethnicity, sex, and college plans in a U.S. sample. Methods This study assessed the relationships between smoke-free laws in workplaces and hospitality venues (restaurants/bars) and past 30-day smoking participation, first cigarette initiation, and daily smoking initiation within a repeated cross-sectional sample of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders from the Monitoring the Future study. Data were collected between 2001 and 2018 and were analyzed in 2020–2021. Grade-stratified Poisson models were used to calculate prevalence ratios and average marginal effects, incorporating interaction terms to examine differential associations across groups. Results Hospitality smoke-free laws were significantly associated with lower probabilities of smoking participation in all grades as well as with first cigarette and daily smoking initiation in 8th and 10th grade. Workplace smoke-free laws were associated with lower probabilities of smoking participation among 10th and 12th graders as well as with first cigarette and daily smoking initiation among 10th graders. Average marginal effects ranged from −0.4 percentage points (hospitality laws and daily smoking initiation in 8th and 10th grades) to −2.2 percentage points (workplace laws and smoking participation in 10th grade). Associations between smoke-free laws and a lower probability of smoking participation were most pronounced among students who definitely planned to attend college. Other instances of effect modification suggested more pronounced associations for students who were female and from high-SES households; however, relationships varied by grade. Conclusions Smoke-free laws were associated with reduced smoking among youth; however, associations varied by grade, sex, parental education, and college plans.
Characterization and chemical reactivity of room-temperature-stable MnIII–alkylperoxo complexes

While alkylperoxomanganese(III) (MnIII–OOR) intermediates are proposed in the catalytic cycles of several manganese-dependent enzymes, their characterization has proven to be a challenge due to their inherent thermal instability. Fundamental understanding of the structural and electronic properties of these important intermediates is limited to a series of complexes with thiolate-containing N4S− ligands. These well-characterized complexes are metastable yet unreactive in the direct oxidation of organic substrates. Because the stability and reactivity of MnIII–OOR complexes are likely to be highly dependent on their local coordination environment, we have generated two new MnIII–OOR complexes using a new amide-containing N5− ligand. Using the 2-(bis((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)amino)-N-(quinolin-8-yl)acetamide (H6Medpaq) ligand, we generated the [MnIII(OOtBu)(6Medpaq)]OTf and [MnIII(OOCm)(6Medpaq)]OTf complexes through reaction of their MnII or MnIII precursors with tBuOOH and CmOOH, respectively. Both of the new MnIII–OOR complexes are stable at room-temperature (t1/2 = 5 and 8 days, respectively, at 298 K in CH3CN) and capable of reacting directly with phosphine substrates. The stability of these MnIII–OOR adducts render them amenable for detailed characterization, including by X-ray crystallography for [MnIII(OOCm)(6Medpaq)]OTf. Thermal decomposition studies support a decay pathway of the MnIII–OOR complexes by O–O bond homolysis. In contrast, direct reaction of [MnIII(OOCm)(6Medpaq)]+ with PPh3 provided evidence of heterolytic cleavage of the O–O bond. These studies reveal that both the stability and chemical reactivity of MnIII–OOR complexes can be tuned by the local coordination sphere.
Medicolegal death investigator workplace safety hazards: A scoping review of the literature

In the United States, medicolegal death investigation practices and policies pertaining to sudden unexpected deaths are mandated by state government. Practices vary across states, which contributes to inconsistency in job prerequisites and training. In preparation for a study focused on occupational safety and health of medicolegal death investigators in their on-scene and follow-up activities, a scoping review was conducted to document known occupational safety risks and health-related conditions associated with death investigation. Searches used Boolean and subject heading operators both broad and narrow in scope, and search terms included scene responder, hazard, investigator, forensic pathology, injury, and safety. Twenty-five articles met inclusion criteria, which included seventeen survey-mixed method designs, two systematic reviews, five quasi-experimental designs, and one case study. Twelve articles addressed mental health and eleven focused on risks associated with infectious disease. One article addressed the risk of chemical exposure from cyanide among autopsy personnel (including forensic pathologists) and nine included a wide range of employees within the setting of medical examiner or coroner offices. One article, addressing burnout, included employees in a forensic science laboratory setting as well as medicolegal death investigators and two articles included forensic pathologists and medicolegal death investigators. Only one article addressed medicolegal death investigators specifically. Articles addressing occupational and environmental hazards of medicolegal death investigators associated with musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, radiological, nuclear, electrical, or explosive threats were not identified. There is little published about safety risks inherent in conducting death investigations. Research is needed to adequately inform health promotion and injury prevention strategies.
Food Selection Factors and Perceived Influence on Household Foods Post-Arrival to the U.S. of Newcomer Immigrant and Refugee Adolescents.

The objective of this study was to examine food selection factors and influence on household food selection by newcomer immigrant and refugee adolescents. Participants (n = 68) reported healthfulne...
Adhesion Receptors as Regulators of the Hematopoietic Process

HEMATOPOIESIS IS A complex process in which pluripotent stem cells proliferate and differentiate to generate the full complement of mature blood cells. More than 30 hemopoietic cytokines and growth factors that increase or decrease progenitor proliferation and differentiation have been cloned and
Purification, properties, and identity of liver mitochondrial tyrosine aminotransferase.

Abstract Mitochondrial tyrosine aminotransferase (l-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + l-glutamate, EC 2.6.1.5) has been purified about 900-fold to homogeneity from rat liver and was crystallized. The enzyme is cationic and has a molecular weight of approximately 90,000, determined by amino acid composition and molecular sieve chromatography and of 114,000 by sedimentation analysis. It catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and the reverse reaction. From the reverse direction with p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, the reaction has a 3-fold greater rate with l-glutamate as cosubstrate than with aspartate. In the forward direction with l-tyrosine and α-ketoglutarate or oxaloacetate as cosubstrate, l-aspartate, α-methyl-l-aspartate, and β-methyl-l-aspartate are potent inhibitors. With α-ketoglutarate, amino acids were effective as cosubstrates in the following order of activity: l-aspartate g l-phenylalanine g l-cysteine g l-tyrosine g monoiodo-l-tyrosine = dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine g l-tryptophan g l-methionine = l-asparagine = p-chloro-l-phenylalanine. Evidence based on substrate specificity, inhibition by common substrates, inhibition by specific antibodies upon enzyme activity, and physical chemical properties indicate that the mitochondrial tyrosine aminotransferase is identical with mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (laspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1). This activity relationship would then distinguish this enzyme from the tyrosine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase found in cytosol on the basis of properties and function.
Hazardous area robotics for nuclear systems maintenance: a challenge in reliability

It is noted that cost and safety factors dictate that many hazardous tasks be automated, yet the attendant complexity and environmental uncertainty associated with this automation provides formidable obstacles to reliable operation. Observations which are based on the author's experience and responsibilities in the nuclear power plant inspection and repair industry are given. The author notes that this area of application deserves consideration because extensive experience is accumulating from various projects which may be vitally relevant to similar automation efforts for hazardous environments in other industries. The evolution of a prototype robotic system is examined along with lessons learned. Particular emphasis was placed on the use of robots to repair steam generators in pressurized water reactor plants. It is concluded that the success of automation ventures in steam-generator repair has been mixed. Largely, the projects have reduced radiation exposure significantly and have demonstrated improved schedule performance over the original manual approaches. >
It Takes More Than Two to Nogo

Growth-inhibitory molecules present in the myelin sheath surrounding CNS neurons prevent the regeneration of injured nerve fibers. In a Perspective, Woolf and Bloechlinger discuss new findings published here (Liu et al.) and elsewhere revealing that three of these growth-inhibitory molecules all bind to the same receptor. This suggests that blocking this receptor may be a good therapeutic approach to promoting neuronal regeneration.