cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unanswered questions about the structure of cytochrome bc1 complexes

X-ray crystal structures of bc1 complexes obtained over the last 15 years have provided a firm structural basis for our understanding of the complex. For the most part there is good agreement between structures from different species, different crystal forms, and with different inhibitors bound. In this review we focus on some of the remaining unexplained differences, either between the structures themselves or the interpretations of the structural observations. These include the structural basis for the motion of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein in response to inhibitors, a possible conformational change involving tyrosine132 of cytochrome (cyt) b, the presence of cis-peptides at the beginnings of transmembrane helices C, E, and H, the structural insight into the function of the so-called "Core proteins", different modelings of the retained signal peptide, orientation of the low-potential heme b, and chirality of the Met ligand to heme c1. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Respiratory complex III and related bc complexes.
The synthesis and characterization of a cationic technetium(V) phenylimido complex. The X-ray crystal structure of [TcCl2(NPh)(PMe2Ph)3](BPh4)

The reaction of the neutral Tc(V) phenylimido complex [TcCl3(NPh)(PPh3)2] with excess PMe2Ph in refluxing MeOH gives the cationic, tris-dimethylphenylphosphine complex [TcCl2(NPh)(PMe2Ph)3]+, which is isolated as the tetraphenylborate salt. The IR spectrum of the crystalline product shows a medium intensity band at 1102 cm−1 which is assigned to ν(TcN) from the phenylimido core. The 1H NMR spectrum of the diamagnetic complex shows a series of multiplets in the aryl region and three distinct signals near 2 ppm from the phosphine methyl groups. The X-ray crystal structure, which is the first for a cationic technetium organoimido complex, shows a meridional arrangement of phosphine ligands with a chloride ligand coordinated trans to the phenylimido unit. The TcN bond length of 1.711(2) A is consistent with the dianionic nature of the organonitrogen core. The TcNC bond angle of 178.8(2)° reflects the sp hybridization of the phenylimido nitrogen atom. The coordination geometry is best described as a distorted octahedron. Crystal data for C54H58BCl2NP3Tc: triclinic space group P1, a = 11.337(2), b = 13.054(3), c = 17.854(4) A, α = 72.36(3), β = 88.51(3), γ = 89.76(3)°, V = 2517.2(13) A3, with Dcalc = 1.311 g cm−3. Structure solution based on 9986 observed reflections converged at R = 3.65%, Rw = 5.43%, GOF = 1.82.
Phytochromes A and B Mediate Red-Light-Induced Positive Phototropism in Roots

The interaction of tropisms is important in determining the final growth form of the plant body. In roots, gravitropism is the predominant tropistic response, but phototropism also plays a role in the oriented growth of roots in flowering plants. In blue or white light, roots exhibit negative phototropism that is mediated by the phototropin family of photoreceptors. In contrast, red light induces a positive phototropism in Arabidopsis roots. Because this red-light-induced response is weak relative to both gravitropism and negative phototropism, we used a novel device to study phototropism without the complications of a counteracting gravitational stimulus. This device is based on a computer-controlled system using real-time image analysis of root growth and a feedback-regulated rotatable stage. Our data show that this system is useful to study root phototropism in response to red light, because in wild-type roots, the maximal curvature detected with this apparatus is 30 degrees to 40 degrees, compared with 5 degrees to 10 degrees without the feedback system. In positive root phototropism, sensing of red light occurs in the root itself and is not dependent on shoot-derived signals resulting from light perception. Phytochrome (Phy)A and phyB were severely impaired in red-light-induced phototropism, whereas the phyD and phyE mutants were normal in this response. Thus, PHYA and PHYB play a key role in mediating red-light-dependent positive phototropism in roots. Although phytochrome has been shown to mediate phototropism in some lower plant groups, this is one of the few reports indicating a phytochrome-dependent phototropism in flowering plants.
Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of Si donors (SiGa) in GaAs.

We report scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of Si substitutional donors (${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$) in GaAs that reveal delocalized and localized electronic features corresponding to ${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ in the top few layers of the (110) cleavage surface. The delocalized features appear as protrusions a few nm in size, superimposed on the background lattice. These features are attributed to enhanced tunneling due to the local perturbation of the band bending by the Coulomb potential of subsurface ${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$. In contrast, STM images of surface ${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ show very localized electronic structures, in good agreement with a recent theoretical prediction [J. Wang et al., Phys. Rev. B 47, 10 329 (1993)].
An Electron Beam-plasma Amplifier at Microwave Frequencies†

ABSTRACT Wave propagation through cut-off waveguide filled with plasma and immersed in an axial magnetic field is considered, extending some results of Trivolpiece and Gould. Synchronous electron beam interactions with respect to forward waves in this system resulting in the amplification of microwave signals are analysed theoretically, and an expression for the gain is derived. An experiment is described where an electron beam interacts with the plasma it produces in passing through a metal tube filled with deuterium at ~0·2 torr, a magnetic field ~4 KG being applied. Analysis of the gains recorded at frequencies around 8 GC/s shows that provided lateral non-uniformity of the plasma distribution is taken into account, the theoretical model used to describe the system is a reasonable one. No effects ascribable to backward wave interactions could be detected.
Visualization of soot zones in turbulent diffusion flames

Article de synthese sur les methodes de visualisation de la structure de flammes. Visualisation de flammes de propane par methode de dispersion de lumiere laser par la suie
Madness versus badness: the ethical tension between the recovery movement and forensic psychiatry

The mental health recovery movement promotes patient self-determination and opposes coercive psychiatric treatment. While it has made great strides towards these ends, its rhetoric impairs its political efficacy. We illustrate how psychiatry can share recovery values and yet appear to violate them. In certain criminal proceedings, for example, forensic psychiatrists routinely argue that persons with mental illness who have committed crimes are not full moral agents. Such arguments align with the recovery movement’s aim of providing appropriate treatment and services for people with severe mental illness, but contradict its fundamental principle of self-determination. We suggest that this contradiction should be addressed with some urgency, and we recommend a multidisciplinary collaborative effort involving ethics, law, psychiatry, and social policy to address this and other ethical questions that arise as the United States strives to implement recovery-oriented programs.
Holographic 1XN Couplers For Single-Mode Fibers

We propose the use of holographic optical elements (HOEs) to make 1XN couplers for single-mode fibers. The main advantage of this approach is that each HOE is made with the particular fibers that it is intended for, and automatically adjusts to their locations, which need not be chosen in any particular manner. A number of possible techniques are considered. All require the use of a focusing element at some point in the process, but some do not use a lens in the final device; clearly that situation is preferred. At this time, a transmission hologram which generates a time-reversed replica of the output of the original N fibers looks most attractive. In theory, the overall efficiency of such a holographic coupler can approach 100%, regardless of the value of N. The fabrication technique is also virtually the same for all N. For these reasons, this method could be particularly attractive for large values of N, where more conventional techniques become less efficient, and more costly. In this paper we present theoretical and practical considerations concerning the fabrication of these devices. We also describe preliminary experiments which we have performed, and point to promising experimental techniques for future work.
A polyvalent DNA vaccine expressing an ESAT6-Ag85B fusion protein protects mice against a primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and boosts BCG-induced protective immunity.

In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine (pE6/85) expressing an ESAT6-Ag85B fusion protein against a primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. In short-term studies, vaccination with pE6/85 protected as well as Mycobacterium bovis BCG immunization with similar lung pathology and bacterial burdens detected 28 days after a low dose aerogenic challenge (>1.0 log(10) reduction relative to naives). In a survival experiment, the protection induced by pE6/85 immunization was also not significantly different than that elicited by BCG vaccination with the mean-times-to-death (+/-standard error of the mean) being 102+/-20, 271+/-32 and 299+/-14 days for naive, pE6/85 and BCG-vaccinated mice, respectively. Furthermore, boosting with pE6/85 but not BCG or a DNA vaccine cocktail at 1 year after an initial BCG immunization (when BCG-induced protection was declining), augmented protection in the lung at 15 and 18 months to levels detected at 3 months post-BCG vaccination.
774-2 Automated On-Line Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Abnormalities in Regional Left Ventricular Wall Motion Using Color-Encoded Acoustic Quantification of Radiofrequency Echocardiographic Signals: Description of the Method and Early Clinical Application

Until now assessment of regional wall motion abnormalities has relied on either a visual wall motion scoring (WMS) system or tedious off-line border analysis. We explored the potential of a new AQ approach for defining regional WMA. This approach processes RF and integrated backscatter data on-line and displays the endocardial motion as it moves from diastole through systole in a color-encoded manner. Triggered by R wave, as the LV contracts, the automatically extracted border is given designated colors for each frame. As the wall moves during the first few millisec (first frame) it is given one color; then as it moves further during the subsequent frames, various color layers are added on-line. If the wall moves outwards (dyskinesis), a bluish-gray color is displayed. The thickness of a given color layer represents the magnitude of excursion during that frame. The overall thickness of all layers represent the overall wall motion from diastole to systole. By looking at the end-systolic frame alone, the extent of regional wall motion and the temporal characteristics can be ascertained. We employed this color-encoded AQ approach in 17 patients with CAD. WMS, based on conventional methods was derived by an experienced echocardiographer from a total of 172 segments from 2D Echo images alone. This was compared to WMS derived by another observer from the end-systolic frame of color-encoded AQ. In addition, inter-observer variability for each method was evaluated. Results Mean WMS was 1.4 ± 0.8 by 2DE alone, and 1.4 ± 0.7 by color-encoded AQ. Correlation between Color-encoded AQ (y) and 2DE WMS (x) was y = 0.6x + 0.6, r = 0.71, P l 0.001. Inter-observer concordances were: 83% for 2DE: r = 80; 88% for Color-encoded AQ: r = 0.86. Besides displaying the overall extent of motion, color-encoded AQ allowed easy appraisal of the temporal abnormalities in regional contraction. We conclude that color-encoded AQ offers for the first time an on-line method for semi-quantitative evaluation of spatial and temporal abnormalities in regional LV function with less interobserver variability.
Pressure-temperature-time path discontinuity in the Main Central thrust zone, central Nepal

Metapelites collected in central Nepal reveal a discontinuity in metamorphic pressuretemperature-time (P-T-t) paths near the base of the Main Central thrust zone, despite an absence of obvious structural breaks. Garnets in the structurally lowest rocks grew with increasing T and P (loading), whereas garnets 1‐3 km upsection grew with increasing T, but decreasing P (exhumation). Monazite grains in structurally lower rocks yield ionmicroprobe Th-Pb ages of 8‐9 Ma. Structurally higher monazite grains range from 10 to 22 Ma. The P-T-t paths confirm previous interpretations that footwall metamorphism in part resulted from thrust reactivation ca. 8 Ma, but also reflect thermal relaxation following older (20 Ma or older) thrust movement. The Main Central thrust zone formed during pulses of movement that resulted in progressive transfer of material from the lower to upper plate.
Do People Spontaneously Take a Robot's Visual Perspective?

Visual perspective taking plays a fundamental role in both human-human interaction and human-robot interaction (HRI). In three experiments, we took a novel approach to the topic of visual perspective taking in HRI, examining whether, and under what conditions, people spontaneously take a robot's visual perspective. Using two different robot models, we found that specific behaviors performed by a robot-namely, object-directed gaze and goal-directed reaching-led many human viewers to take the robot's visual perspective, though slightly fewer than when the same behaviors were performed by a person. However, we found no difference in people's perspective-taking tendency toward robots that differed in their human-likeness. Also, reaching became an especially effective perspective-taking trigger when it was displayed in a video rather than in a photograph. Taken together, these findings suggest that certain nonverbal behaviors in robots are sufficient to trigger the mechanism of mental state attribution-visual perspective taking in particular-in human observers. Therefore, people's spontaneous perspective-taking tendencies should be taken into account when designing intuitive and effective human-centered robots.
Compound Parabolic Concentrators in Solar Thermal Applications: A Review

Among all types of concentrators, compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs) have been designed as stationary solar collectors for relative high temperature operations with high cost effectiveness. The CPCs are potentially the favorable option for solar power systems and high temperature solar thermal system. This paper provided a review on studies of CPCs in solar thermal applications. It covered basic concepts, principles, and design of CPCs. It also reviewed optical models and thermal models of CPCs, as well as the thermal applications of CPCs. The challenges were also summarized.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Self-Assembly of DNA Segments on Graphene and Carbon Nanotube Arrays in Aqueous Solution: A Molecular Simulation Study

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the interaction of double-stranded DNA segments with the surfaces of graphene and carbon nanotube arrays in aqueous solution. Several different kinds of self-assembly phenomena were observed. First, it is found that a DNA segment can ‘stand up’ on the carbon surfaces with its helix axis perpendicular to the surfaces of graphene or nanotube arrays to form a forestlike structure. Second, a DNA segment can also lie on the carbon surface with its axis parallel to the surface if both of its ends can form stable structure with the carbon surfaces. In the latter case, the ending basepairs of the DNA are broken due to severe deformations. Third, it is observed that short DNA segments can concatenate to each other to form a longer DNA when they are placed in the grooves of nanotube bundles. The self-assembly observed in this study usually happens in less than 50 ns. Exploration on the molecular details and self-assembly mechanism indicates the primary driving ...
On the evidence for maturational constraints in second-language acquisition

Second-language (L2) acquisition is generally thought to be constrained by maturational factors that circumscribe a critical period for nativelike attainment. Consistent with the maturational view are age effects among learners who begin L2 acquisition prior to, but not after, closure of the putative critical period. Also favoring the maturational account is the scarcity of late L2 learners at asymptote who perform like natives, and weak effects of native language‐target language pairings. With Korean and Chinese learners of English, the experimental study of Johnson and Newport (1989) yielded just these types of evidence. Some subsequent studies do not support the critical period account of L2 acquisition constraints, however. Accordingly, we undertook a replication of Johnson and Newport (1989), using the exact methods and materials of the original experiment, and a sample of Spanish natives (n = 61). In keeping with recent research, L2 attainment negatively correlates with age of learning even if learning commences after the presumed end of the critical period. We also find modest evidence of nativelike attainment among late learners. Our data further suggest that the outcome of L2 acquisition may depend on L1‐L2 pairings and L2 use. © 2001 Academic Press
Self-Intimation and Second Order Belief

The paper defends the view that there is a constitutive relation between believing something and believing that one believes it. This view is supported by the incoherence of affirming something while denying that one believes it, and by the role awareness of the contents one’s belief system plays in the rational regulation of that system. Not all standing beliefs are accompanied by higher-order beliefs that self-ascribe them; those that are so accompanied are ones that are “available” in the sense that their subjects are poised to assent to their contents, to use them as premises in reasoning, and to be guided by them in their behavior. The account is compatible with the possibility of negative self-deception—mistakenly believing that one does not believe something—but the closest thing to positive self-deception it allows is believing falsely that a belief with a certain content is one’s dominant belief on a certain matter through failure to realize that one has a stronger belief that contradicts it. The view has implications about Moore’s paradox that contradict widely held views. On this view self-ascriptions of beliefs can be warranted and grounded on reasons—but the reasons are not phenomenally conscious mental states (as held by Christopher Peacocke) but rather available beliefs.
Bkm sequences from the human X chromosome contain large clusters of GATA/GACA repeats.

Summary In order to determine whether the regional localizations of Bkm repeats detected on the human X chromosome consisted of typical GATA/GACA repeats, clones were isolated, mapped, and sequenced. Nine Bkm-hybridizing clones from Kunkel's fluorescent-activated, cell-sorted X-chromosome library were all unique. Five were mapped in detail with restriction enzymes and the Bkm-hybridizing segments were localized. Confirmation of X chromosomal homology was obtained for 2 of the clones and Bkm segments from these 2 clones were sequenced. Seventeen contiguous GATA repeats were found in each clone and the overall repeat arrangement showed relatively few differences from previously sequenced Bkm sequences. These are the first sequences of human Bkm repeats. The results, when compared with previously published results, suggest that there may be significant differences between the organization of Bkm repeats on the human X and on the human Y chromosome.
SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CHANGES DURING CYCLE 24

We use solar spectra obtained by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board the Aura satellite to detect and follow long-term (years) and short-term (weeks) changes in the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) in the 265-500 nm spectral range. During solar Cycle 24, in the relatively line-free regions the SSI changed by approximately 0.6% +/- 0.2% around 265 nm. These changes gradually diminish to 0.15% +/- 0.20% at 500 nm. All strong spectral lines and blends, with the notable exception of the upper Balmer lines, vary in unison with the solar "continuum." Besides the lines with strong chromospheric components, the most involved species include Fe I blends and all prominent CH, NH, and CN spectral bands. Following the general trend seen in the solar "continuum," the variability of spectral lines also decreases toward longer wavelengths. The long-term solar cycle SSI changes are closely, to within the quoted 0.1%-0.2% uncertainties, matched by the appropriately adjusted short-term SSI variations derived from the 27 day rotational modulation cycles. This further strengthens and broadens the prevailing notion about the general scalability of the UV SSI variability to the emissivity changes in the Mg II 280 nm doublet on timescales from weeks to years. We also detect subtle deviations from this general rule: the prominent spectral lines and blends at lambda approximately or greater than 350 nm show slightly more pronounced 27 day SSI changes when compared to the long-term (years) trends. We merge the solar data from Cycle 21 with the current Cycle 24 OMI and GOME-2 observations and provide normalized SSI variations for the 170-795 nm spectral region.
Association of Human DNA Topoisomerase IIα with Mitotic Chromosomes in Mammalian Cells Is Independent of Its Catalytic Activity

Abstract DNA topoisomerase (topo) II is an essential nuclear enzyme that plays an important role in DNA metabolism and chromosome organization. In the present study, we expressed human topo IIα in mammalian cells by fusion to an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Decatenation assays indicated that the EGFP–topo IIα is catalytically active in vitro. Assays for band depletion, growth inhibition, and cytotoxicity by topo II inhibitors suggested that the fusion protein is also functional in vivo. By following its subcellular localization throughout the cell cycle in living cells, we found that the fusion protein is localized to the nucleus and nucleolus at interphase, and it is bound to chromosomal DNA at every stage of mitosis. Of importance, a mutant EGFP–topo IIα, in which the active Tyr 805 is replaced by Phe (Y805F) and is catalytically inactive, still binds to chromosomal DNA throughout the cell cycle like the wild-type enzyme. Together, our results suggest that the ability of topo IIα to bind to chromosomal DNA in the cell, a presumed requirement for its structural role, can be separated from its catalytic activity.
High pressure research at CHESS

Abstract Since February 1990 there has been a dedicated high pressure line at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS). This facility provides X-ray instrumentation for energy dispersive X-ray diffraction and Laue diffraction using diamond anvil cells. Both hard-bend magnet and wiggler radiation are available as well as focused monochromatic radiation. In addition, support instrumentation is also available: a ruby system, laser heating, sample loading, and data analysis software. Experienced users need only to bring there diamond anvil cells and samples and can leave with the initial data analysis finished. Research using diamond anvil cells will be introduced and the facility will be described. Some of the diamond anvil cell research done at CHESS will be reviewed, including crystalline to amorphous transitions (R.R. Winters et al., J. Chem. Phys, in press), properties of C 60 under stress (S.J. Duclos et al., Nature 351 (1991) 380), deep earthquakes (T.C. Wu et al., submitted to J. Geophys. Res.), and reaching pressures of the center of Earth (A.L. Ruoff et al., Rev. Sci. Instr. 61 (1990) 3830).
Treatment of tremor and dystonia

Treatment of movement disorders has expanded beyond traditional therapies with oral medications to include injection of drugs like botulinum toxin and the use of surgical interventions in cases that do not respond to medical therapy. This article provides an overview to the diagnosis and treatment of tremor and dystonia. The distinguishing features of rest, postural, and kinectic tremor are detailed with medical and surgical modalities for treatment. A discussion of idiopathic and secondary dystonia with focus on diagnosis and medical and surgical treatments encompasses the second part of the article.
Configuration at C-24 of sterols from the liverwort Palavicinnia lyellii

Abstract The 4-desmethylsterol fraction of the liverwort Palavicinnia lyellii is composed of 36% 24β-methylcholest-5-en-3β-ol (dihydrobrassicasterol), 16% 24α-methylcholest-5-en-3β-ol (campesterol), 33% 24α-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol (sitosterol) and 15% 24ξ-ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol.
Outcome of pregnancies occurring before completion of human chorionic gonadotropin follow-up in patients with persistent gestational trophoblastic tumor.

Abstract Objective. To determine the outcome of pregnancies occurring before completion of human chorionic gonadotropin follow-up in patients treated with chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumor. Methods. Retrospective record review of patients with gestational trophoblastic tumor who conceived before standard hCG follow-up was completed during 1973–1998. Results. Forty-three patients treated for gestational trophoblastic tumors conceived before human chorionic gonadotropin follow-up was completed. The antecedent pregnancy was complete mole in 31 (72.1%) and partial mole in 12 (27.9%) patients. Of the 43 patients, 39 (90.7%) had stage I, 1 had stage II, and 3 had stage III disease. The mean interval from human chorionic gonadotropin remission to new pregnancy was 6.3 months (range 1–11 months). Ten patients underwent elective termination and four patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 29 patients, 22 (75.9%) had term live births, 3 (10.3%) had preterm delivery, 3 had spontaneous abortion, and 1 (3.5%) had a repeat mole. Two cases of fetal anomalies were detected; one was inherited polydactyly and the other was hydronephrosis. One patient developed choriocarcinoma with lung involvement and underwent cesarean section at 28 weeks; a normal fetus was delivered and no choriocarcinoma was detected in the placenta. Conclusion. Pregnancies occurring in patients treated for gestational trophoblastic tumor before standard human chorionic gonadotropin follow-up is completed may continue under close clinical surveillance since the majority have a favorable outcome. However, patients should also be advised of the low but important risk of delayed diagnosis in case tumor relapse develops during early subsequent pregnancy.
Use of Vocational Rehabilitative Services Among Adults with Autism

This study examined the experiences of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the US Vocational Rehabilitation System (VRS). Subjects included all 382,221 adults ages 18-65 served by this system whose cases were closed in 2005; 1,707 were diagnosed with ASD. Adults with ASD were more likely than adults with other impairments to be denied services because they were considered too severely disabled. Among those served, adults with ASD received the most expensive set of services. They and adults with MR were most likely to be competitively employed at case closure. Post hoc analyses suggest that their employment was highly associated with on-the-job supports. The results suggest the importance of the VRS in serving adults with ASD.
End-organ resistance to growth hormone and IGF-I in epiphyseal chondrocytes of rats with chronic renal failure

End-organ resistance to growth hormone and IGF-I in epiphyseal chondrocytes of rats with chronic renal failure. We tested the hypothesis that there is direct end-organ resistance to growth hormone (GH) and IGF-I in chronic renal failure (CRF) independent of circulating inhibitors. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy and were pair-fed with weight matched (100 g) sham operated controls for two weeks. Rats with CRF had significantly higher serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen ( P P P P
Passive intercellular pathway in amphibian epithelia.

PHYSIOLOGIC studies of transporting epithelia generally indicate that passive shunts (or “leak” pathways for water and ions) exist in parallel with transport systems. Most notably, Ussing1–3 defines this pathway as an extracellular channel in amphibian skin and has shown that a hypertonic external bath decreases the transepithelial electrical resistance, whereas a hypertonic internal bath has the opposite effect. Similar results have been obtained with toad urinary bladder4, but in virtually all of the epithelia studied by electron microscopy, tight junctions5 have been found at the luminal end of intercellular spaces. Apparent fusion of adjacent plasma membranes and the inability of electron-dense tracer molecules to pass through such regions5–8 suggest that they may be tight seals, preventing extracellular transepithelial flow. It is shown that these junctions are reproducibly altered when electrical resistance is changed by hypertonic solutions.
Oxidation state characterization of ruthenium 2-iminoquinone complexes through experimental and theoretical studies.

The synthesis of complexes [RuII(trpy)(2-imino-4-tert-butylquinone)(Cl)]+ and [RuII(trpy)(NIL)(OAc)]+ (where trpy = 2:2′,6′:2′′-terpyridyl, NIL = 2-imino-4-tert-butylquinone, 2-imino-4-methylquinone, 2-iminoquinone, 2-imino-4-chloroquinone, 2-imino-5-chloroquinone, 2-imino-4,6-di-tert-butyl-N-phenyl-quinone, 2-imino-4,6-di-tert-butyl-N-(2′-trifluoromethylphenyl)-quinone) is reported. The oxidation states of these complexes, as well as the previously reported [RuIII(trpy)(2-iminosemiquinone)(Cl)]+ complex, are investigated by spectroscopic, electrochemical and theoretical methods resulting in the latter complex being reassigned as [RuII(trpy)(2-iminoquinone)(Cl)]+. Evidence for the presence of two structural isomers was found for all complexes, and crystal structures for both isomers of the [RuII(trpy)(2-imino-4-tert-butylquinone)(Cl)]ClO4 complex are reported, as well as for the cis isomer of [RuII(trpy)(2-imino-4,6-di-tert-butyl-N-phenyl-quinone)(OAc)]PF6. Redox control is also demonstrated based on the ...
Spiritual Reading as Bibliotherapy

Summary Spiritual reading is a key ingredient in spiritual growth. In this article Dr. Alpers discusses spiritual bibliotherapy, the methodology of spiritual reading, and the benefits and limitations of spiritual bibliotherapy. In addition, the author gives the reader some concrete examples of spiritual readings which many 12-Step-pers have found to be particularly helpful in their journey to wholeness.
Energetic ion sputtering effects at Ganymede

The energy spectra of magnetospheric ion measurements from the Energetic Particle Detectors (EPD) experiment on Galileo during the G2 encounter with Ganymede were used to estimate the ion sputtering rate from the surface of this largest Galilean moon. A combination of the ion composition and the mass-dependent sputtering yield shows that a total production rate of about 1026 - 4.6 × 1026 H2O molecules/s can be expected from the precipitation of the energetic ions at the polar region. The emission of the sputtered neutral particles will contribute to the formation of an extended exosphere as well as a distributed gas cloud in the Jovian system. Additional sputtering might be possible if an electrostatic potential drop of a few kV forms leading to the acceleration of ionospheric (oxygen) ions towards Ganymede's surface.
Decolonizing the Classroom Through Critical Consciousness: Navigating Solidarity en la Lucha for Mexican American Studies

Abstract In this article, college students and faculty narrate their co-constructed journey across differences, through intersecting identities and intertwining paths in an effort to stand in solidarity with students, teachers, and community members resisting the removal of the Mexican-American Studies (MAS) program in the Tucson Unified School District in Arizona, USA, in 2012. They used critical personal narratives (CPNs) as a decolonizing methodology and transformed their academic spaces to create conditions for critical consciousness cultivation through embracing the MAS's foundational elements of Tezkatlipoka. They assert that academic spaces can and should be used as centers for self-reflection, relationship-building, global and local change-making, and development of the critical hope necessary to continue the efforts to engage in la lucha—the struggle—for broadened and more diverse approaches to education everywhere.
Quantum information does not exist

Abstract Some physicists seem to believe that quantum information theory requires a new concept of information (Jozsa, 1998, Quantum information and its properties. In: Hoi-Kwong Lo, S. Popescu, T. Spiller (Eds.), Introduction to Quantum Computation and Information, World Scientific, Singapore, (pp. 49–75); Deutsch & Hayden, 1999, Information flow in entangled quantum subsystems, preprint quant-ph/9906007). I will argue that no new concept is necessary. Shannon's concept of information is sufficient for quantum information theory. Properties that are cited to contrast quantum information and classical information (i.e., Shannon information) actually point to differences in our ability to manipulate, access, and transfer information depending on whether quantum systems, opposed to classical systems, are used in a communication system. I also demonstrate that conceptually puzzling phenomena in quantum information theory, such as dense coding, teleportation, and Schumacher coding, all of which are cited as evidence that a new concept of information is required, do not have to be regarded as such.
UbiWorld: an environment integrating virtual reality, supercomputing and design

Summary form only given. UbiWorld is a concept that ties together the notion of ubiquitous computing (Ubicomp) with that of using virtual reality for rapid prototyping. The goal is to develop an environment where one can explore Ubicomp-type concepts without having to build real Ubicomp hardware. The basic notion is to extend object models in a virtual world using distributed wide-area heterogeneous computing technology to provide complex networking and processing capabilities to virtual reality objects. Starting with the CAVE/sup TM/ family of display devices, we integrate tools for the construction of 30 objects into the existing library. Then, using these objects as models, we can embed new information technology within them. The plan is then to couple the virtual objects to remote computers via fine-grain heterogenous computing technology to provide Ubicomp behavior and functionality to the modeled objects. We tightly couple the process-defined behavior with the 30 objects and place these objects into rooms, creating a shared virtual world where users can experiment with using the virtual devices. Each object in the world has its behavior controlled by a program running some place on the network. This behavior could be one that in the real object would be provided by a local computer or by a combination of local computer and network connection to remote processors or databases. These "behavior" processes are able to communicate with each other using a shared protocol (UbiWorldcomm). These object also react and are influenced directly by interactions with the virtual world and users.
Higher “normal” glycated hemoglobin levels were associated with increased risk for diabetes, CVD, stroke, and mortality in adults

Source Citation Selvin E, Steffes MW, Zhu H, et al. Glycated hemoglobin, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:800-11. 20200384
Suspension tolerance in a full-body safety harness, and a prototype harness accessory.

Workers wearing full-body safety harnesses are at risk for suspension trauma if they are not rescued in 5 to 30 min after a successfully arrested fall. Suspension trauma, which may be fatal, occurs when a person's legs are immobile in a vertical posture, leading to the pooling of blood in the legs, pelvis, and abdomen, and the reduction of return blood flow to the heart and brain. To measure suspension tolerance time, 22 men and 18 women with construction experience were suspended from the chest D-ring (CHEST) and back D-ring (BACK) of full-body, fall-arrest harnesses. Fifteen men and 13 women from the original group of subjects were then suspended using a newly developed National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health harness accessory (ACCESS), which supports the upper legs. Midthigh circumference changes were 1.4 and 1.9 cm, changes in minute ventilation were 1.2 and 1.5 L/min, changes in heart rate (HR) were 15.1 and 21.6 bpm, and changes in mean arterial pressure were 5.1 and −2.6 mmHg (p ≤ 0.0...
The use of chlorambucil with prednisone in the treatment of pemphigus

Abstract Background: Chlorambucil is an alkylating agent that preferentially affects B cells over T cells and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid. Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether chlorambucil is effective in the treatment of pemphigus. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 9 patients with pemphigus (7 with pemphigus vulgaris and 2 with pemphigus foliaceus) in whom therapy with other immunosuppressive regimens failed and who were subsequently treated with chlorambucil and prednisone. Results: There was clinical improvement in 6 of 9 patients and a decrease in indirect immunofluoresent antibody titers in 3 of the 5 patients who had titers drawn before and after treatment with chlorambucil. Three of the 9 patients failed treatment with chlorambucil, as evidenced by lack of improvement of lesions. Conclusion: Chlorambucil may be a potential adjuvant therapeutic approach with steroid-sparing effects in patients with pemphigus who have failed treatment with other immunosuppressive regimens. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:85-8.)
New developments in lithium sulfur batteries

In this work, efforts were conducted in order to mitigate the issue of polysulfides dissolution and hence to improve the capacity and efficiency of Li-sulfur cells. The first approach was achieved by optimizing the amount of sulfur that can be contained in the sulfur/carbon electrode. Five sulfur/carbon ratios were prepared- (1) 50/50, (2) 60/40, (3) 70/30, (4) 80/20, and (5) 90/10- to study the effect of carbon contents on electrochemical cycling. The second approach was by adding nano-sized TiO2 particles having a large specific surface area as the polysulfide adsorbing agent in the electrodes. The impact of nano-sized TiO2 particles in improving the electrochemical properties of sulfur electrodes was investigated using CV measurements and charge/discharge tests. To further enhance the efficiency and cycling stability of Li-S batteries, a novel polysulfide electrolyte was developed. This new electrolyte mainly consisted of pre-dissolved lithium polysulfides (Li2Sx) as an alternative electrolyte salt to replace the lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)imide (LiTFSI). We also used LiNO3 to mitigate the shuttle mechanism that occurs in Li-S cells during the charge and discharge. By creating a dynamic equilibrium at the interface of the cathode and electrolyte, the dissolution of lithium polysulfides, and thus the loss of active materials from the cathode during the discharge and charge of the cell, was greatly prevented.
Tuning a dual-band bowtie slot antenna with parabolic radiating slots for the 900 MHz and 2400 MHz bands

A dual-band bow-tie slot antenna is proposed and designed for the 900 and 2400 MHz ISM bands. Using Rogers 4003C substrate (∊ r = 3.55) with a thickness of 1.6 mm, the antenna is produced and tested. A comparison is made between measured and simulated data from both a Method of Moments and Finite-Element method software packages. By using a parabolic curve to form the sides of the bow-tie slot, the new antenna integrates features from a Vivaldi antenna into its design. Using these features, the antenna achieves dual-band operation while maintaining an omni-directional pattern similar to a normal bow-tie slot. The parabolic sides of this bow-tie slot antenna offers an additional design element for other CPW fed slot antenna designs.
docMD (DOCument Mediated Delivery)

Abstract An increasing number of libraries that receive materials using Internet document delivery (IDD) systems are creating electronic document delivery services to redirect those materials directly to their customers. While academic libraries have embraced IDD and electronic document delivery systems, hospital libraries have faced significant barriers which often prevent them from implementing such services. The docMD project has been created to investigate the use of a centralized document mediation center as a method of overcoming these barriers. During the eighteen-month project timeline a centralized center will be established that will receive documents intended for project libraries and that are sent using an Ariel compatible IDD system. The documents will be converted to the Portable Document Format (PDF) and delivered directly to their requestors using the Web. docMD is a project of the John A. Prior Health Sciences Library at the Ohio State University with assistance from the Cleveland Library...
Toward a dynamic dramaturgy: an art of presentation in interactive storytelling

In interactive storytelling systems, we see common challenges of artistic expression that pertains to presentation, standing apart from narrative structure. We believe this expression can be achieved computationally, which is a core challenge in using procedurally-generated worlds in interactive storytelling. This computational expression so is what we call dynamic dramaturgy. We intend dynamic dramaturgy as a complement to interactive narrative systems, particularly drama management, and as a fundamentally distinct task from plot-level narrative construction, yet it is still a basic medium for artistic expression by an author. It is, in effect, an art of presentation in interactive storytelling.
The role of authenticity in design-based learning environments: The case of engineering education

The term authenticity is pervasive in the education literature in general and specifically in the design education and engineering education literature; yet, the construct is often used un-reflected and ill defined. The purpose of this paper is (1) to critically examine current conceptualizations of authenticity as principles to design learning modules and environments within engineering education and (2) to propose a systematically derived model of authenticity. The context of the project is toward pre-college engineering education yet findings are applicable across the lifespan of engineering education. A systematic literature review guided by procedures set forth by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination was conducted in the engineering education literature to synthesize the findings. Based on an initial sample of papers (n = 36) a rubric was developed to identify authenticity and authentic experiences in engineering education. Using the developed rubric, a total pool of 1058 references was evaluated using the rubric with 88%-100% inter-rater reliability for each category of authenticity. A frequency analysis of references revealed that the majority of work is seen in undergraduate education, and only 14 instances of authenticity in engineering education appeared at the K-12 level. The proposed model of authenticity includes two additions to existing models introducing impact authenticity and value authenticity. The findings and the model are described. Implications include the use of different types of authenticity to provide more appropriate and promising principles for better design of engineering curricula and standards for curriculum developers and professional development providers, including more use of authenticity in the K-12 classroom.
Studies on 6C3HED murine ascites tumor cell receptors for mannosyl-binding lectins

Abstract We have investigated the receptor site activity present on 6C3HED tumor cells for concanavalin A, fava, lentil and pea lectins. The binding of the tritiated lectins to the tumor cells was inhibited by methyl-α- d -mannoside but not by d -galactose. The number of binding sites for the lectins was 3.5 · 106/cell for concanavalin A, 3.3 · 106/cell for fava, 3.6 · 106/cell for lentil and 4.8 · 106/cell for pea. The apparent association constants were 3.6 and 1.3 μM−1 for concanavalin A, 3.9 μM−1 for fava, 4.2 μM−1 for lentil and 4.6 and 0.6 μM−1 for pea. Competitive inhibition studies showed that lentil was a good inhibitor of pea binding; concanavalin A was a poor inhibitor of pea binding; and fava was a better inhibitor than concanavalin A but not as good as lentil. Reciprocal inhibition experiments indicated that concanavalin A and pea may bind to different receptors as well as to common receptors. This was also indicated by the observation that trypsin or protease treatment of the cells decreased the binding of pea lectin by 20–40 percent whereas concanavalin A binding was unaffected.
Assembling quantum dots in glasses and polymers

This paper is an overview of research in my group over the past 10 to 15 years. Our work has explored the synthesis, assembly, nanostructure characterization, and optical properties of a wide variety of semiconductor quantum dots in II-VI, III-V, and other systems. Our early work was aimed at applications in photonics and fiber optics but more recently we have worked on biomolecular engineering with quantum dots for immunoassays and related interests. The chosen hosts for the quantum dots are glasses, polymers and sol-gel prepared xerogels. The synthesized quantum dot nanocomposites have been most commonly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy data are also reported on selected quantum dot samples. A short summary of ongoing research in our laboratory on magnetic iron oxide nanocrystals for biological applications is also presented.
4-Hydroxynonenal-induced apoptosis in rat hepatic stellate cells: mechanistic approach.

Background and Aim: Although lipid peroxidation products act as apoptotic signals for several cell types, including hepatic stellate cells, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study we determined if: (i) 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE) induces apoptosis in two rat stellate cell lines, HSC-T6 and CFSC-2G; and (ii) if apoptosis is regulated at the transcriptional and/or translational level. Methods: HSC-T6 and CFSC-2G cells were treated with HNE and total RNA and protein extracted. mRNA and protein expression levels of pro- and antiapoptotic factors were determined. The effects of HNE on activation, morphology and cell death by apoptosis were also studied. Results: HNE caused dose-dependent apoptosis in both HSC-T6 and CFSC-2G cell lines. Apoptosis in HSC-T6 cells was associated with increased mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic adaptors/regulators FasR, FasL, Bax, and caspases-2 and -3. In contrast, CFSC-2G cells showed no changes in FasR, Bax and caspase-3 mRNA levels. Caspase-3 activity was elevated in T6 but not in 2G cells. Changes in protein expression generally paralleled the mRNA findings. Conclusions: HNE-induced apoptosis of both CFSC-2G and HSC-T6 rat hepatic stellate cells is associated with changes in mRNA and protein expression of several apoptotic adaptors/regulators. The underlying mechanism for HNE-induced apoptosis may involve both transcriptional and translational regulatory steps.
The Neurotic Personality and Traits of Self-Expression

(1930). The Neurotic Personality and Traits of Self-Expression. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 524-527.