cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectra and structure of small ring compounds. Part LV-Conformational stability of bromocyclobutane from Raman and far-infrared spectra of the gas

The Raman (3200 to 10 cm−1) and far-infrared (375 to 80 cm−1) spectra of gaseous bromocyclobutane, c-C4H7Br, have been recorded. A series of Q-branches observed in both of these spectra, beginning at 149 cm−1 with successive transitions falling to lower frequencies, have been assigned to the ring-puckering vibrations of both the low-energy equatorial and high-energy axial conformers. These data have been fit to an asymmetric potential function of the form V(cm−1) = (6.58 ± 0.21) × 105X4 − (3.27 ± 0.04) × 104X2 × (4.59 ± 0.19) × 104X3 with a reduced mass of 214 amu. Utilizing this potential, the difference between the puckering angles for the two conformers is calculated to be 6°, with the equatorial conformer having the larger value of 20°. Also from this potential function, the energy difference between the equatorial and axial forms is found to be 361 ± 20 cm−1 (1.03 kcal mol−1), with a barrier of 636 ± 20 cm−1 (1.82 kcal mol−1) to interconversion. Experimental values for the enthalpy difference between the two conformers have been determined for both the liquid (297 ± 27 cm−1) and gas (∼ 350 cm−1) from relative intensities of a pair of Raman lines over 90 and 58 °C temperature ranges respectively. These results are compared to the corresponding quantities for some similar molecules.
The Highly Gifted: definitions and methodological implications

This paper is concerned with the methodological implications of various definitions of the term ‘highly gifted’. Three definitions of ‘highly gifted’ are presented. It is shown that the definition of the term ‘highly gifted’ has considerable methodological implications. These implications concern both choice of method for data analysis and results of analysis. Conditions for proper application of standard statistical methods including the t‐test for mean difference, the F‐test for regression slope differences, MANOVA, and discriminant analysis are reviewed. It is also shown that, under circumstances that are far from unrealistic, there are no methods with known properties available for data analysis.
Transfer RNA structure by carbon NMR: C2 of adenine, uracil and cytosine

Abstract Fourier transform 13C NMR spectra of E. coli tRNA enriched on 13C in either position 2 of adenine (60 atom % 13C) or in position 2 of uracil (82%) and cytosine (63%) were taken at 25.16 MHz over the temperature range 10 degrees - 76 degrees. For C2 of adenine the peak as initially 5 ppm wide, but narrowed to 0.5 ppm as the molecule unfolded. C2 of uracil displayed behavior similar to that of adenine while the cytosine peak, initially relatively narrow at low temperature, sharpened less dramatically. Comparison of spectra at 26.16 MHz and 67.9 MHz showed that the peak widths for folded tRNA were determined largely by chemical shift non-equivalence. T2 T2 measurements suggested that intrinsic line widths of most cytosine C2 peaks were 4 Hz and 2-3 Hz for uracil. Adenine C2 with a directly bonded proton had resonances of about 40 Hz line width. T1 values were measured for C2 of adenine and the ribose carbons of tRNA. Consideration of dipolar relaxation and chemical shift anisotrophy led to a calculated rotational correlation time of 1.6 +/- 0.4 x 10(-8) sec for the adenines and 1.3 +/- 0.3 x 10(-8) sec for the ribose carbons.
Ulnocarpal arthrodesis for recurrent radial clubhand deformity in adolescents

Two adolescents with bilateral radial clubhand, hypoplastic thumbs, and thrombocytopenia are reported. Ulnocarpal arthrodesis provided these patients with pain-free wrists and improved their function.
Model for the formation of large, transtensional basins in zones of tectonic escape

“Tectonic escape” is strike-slip-dominated motion of colliding continental or arc crust in the direction of subductable oceanic crust. I describe four examples of large transtensional basins in Cenozoic zones of tectonic escape and propose that these basins formed along newly formed, transtensional faults formed between the collided and escaping parts of the plate. The reoriented direction of the escaping plate, split along the new transtensional fault zone, is determined by the presence of a “free face,” or subductable oceanic crust. Continued subduction toward the free face is driven by the force of gravity acting on dense oceanic crust (“slab pull”). The four examples presented here show that a variety of transtensional deformational styles can be generated within this specific type of divergent tectonic setting. These transtensional styles include pull-apart basins at fault stepovers, more asymmetrical, rift-like basins thought to be formed under conditions of fault-normal extensional stresses, and single or multiple short spreading ridges. Transtensional styles may be controlled more by the type and age of crust present than the angle of reorientation of the escaping plate.
Synergy of Carbenicillin and Gentamicin in Experimental Infection with Pseudomonas

Fifty strains of Pseudomonas isolated from clinical material were tested in vitro for susceptibility to carbenicillin, gentamicin, and combinations of the two drugs. The combination of carbenicillin and gentamicin was shown to have a synergistic effect on 46 of the strains tested. For testing the synergistic effect of carbenicillin plus gentamicin in vivo, an experimental model of lethal pseudomonas infection was developed in the rat. Animals treated with saline, carbenicillin alone, or gentamicin alone experienced rapid multiplication of Pseudomonas at the site of bacterial challenge, severe bacteremia, and died within 24 hr. In contrast early combined therapy with carbenicillin plus gentamicin decreased the number of bacteria at the challenge site, reduced the level of bacteremia, and resulted in survival of the animals during treatment. The synergistic effect of combined carbenicillingentamicin therapy was lost when treatment was delayed. These studies clearly indicate a synergistic effect of carbenicillin-gentamicin therapy in vivo for serious infections with Pseudomonas, when these antibiotics are synergistic in vitro against the organism, and suggest that combined carbenicillin-gentamicin therapy may be useful for certain pseudomonas infections in man.
Atrophy in distinct corticolimbic networks in frontotemporal dementia relates to social impairments measured using the Social Impairment Rating Scale

Patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) often exhibit prominent, early and progressive impairments in social behaviour. We developed the Social Impairment Rating Scale (SIRS), rated by a clinician after a structured interview, which grades the types and severity of social behavioural symptoms in seven domains. In 20 FTD patients, we used the SIRS to study the anatomic basis of social impairments. In support of hypotheses generated from a prior study of healthy adults, we found that the relative magnitude of brain atrophy in three partially dissociable corticolimbic networks anchored in the amygdala predicted the severity of distinct social impairments measured using the SIRS. Patients with the greatest atrophy in a mesolimbic, reward-related (affiliation) network exhibited the most severe socioemotional detachment, whereas patients with the greatest atrophy in an interoceptive, pain-related (aversion) network exhibited the most severe lack of social apprehension. Patients with the greatest atrophy in a perceptual network exhibited the most severe lack of awareness or understanding of others’ social and emotional behaviour. Our findings underscore observations that FTD is associated with heterogeneous social symptoms that can be understood in a refined manner by measuring impairments in component processes subserved by dissociable neural networks. Furthermore, these findings support the validity of the SIRS as an instrument to measure the social symptoms of patients with FTD. Ultimately, we hope it will be useful as a longitudinal outcome measure in natural history studies and in clinical trials of putative interventions to improve social functioning.
In their voices: Identity preservation and experiences of Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Although much research pertaining to Alzheimer's disease (AD) explores the impact on caregivers, there is a general paucity of data on experiences of living with the condition. Contemporary medical initiatives to diagnose people earlier in the illness trajectory make it increasingly possible to hear the voice of people with memory loss, which can improve both public perception and policy. This study examined the impact of being diagnosed with early AD on identity construction. Respondents highlighted aspects of being diagnosed that were instrumental in making sense of changes in their lives and identities, including defining moments , to tell or not to tell , and preservation . Findings suggest that understanding how to identify memory deficits, the context of diagnosis, and the techniques employed for managing illness are crucial to subjective experiences. Despite normative expectations and the rhetoric of loss, respondents deliberately manage their interactions to make sense of their lives and preserve themselves.
Beyond the great divide: Hollywood and race relations in the 1950s

This article examines the ways in which the production of the racially charged film No Way Out f 1950) was influenced by specific sociohistorical events of the postwar period. It begins by establishing the historical context in which the film was produced and goes on to discuss how 3 major events, the nation's growing housing shortage, the increase in race riots, and the subsequent rise of suburbia, coalesced to produce a provocative yet conservative cinematic expression of racial prejudice. The article concludes by calling for additional analyses of the complex relationship between the filmmaking process and the larger social environment.
Polyimides derived from a methylene‐bridged dianhydride

A series of linear aromatic polyimide films that are based on a novel methylene-bridged dianhydride, 3,3′-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenylmethane dianhydride, have been synthesized and characterized. High molecular weight polyamic acids were prepared by combining this dianhydride with numerous aromatic diamines. The effects of thermal and chemical imidization of the polyamic acids are discussed as they relate to the dielectric constant, optical transparency, and solubility of the resulting polyimide films. The objective of this work was to obtain low dielectric, optically transparent, and soluble polyimides that can be easily processed as coatings or composite matrices for advanced aerospace and electronics applications.
Mandatory drug testing needs controlled evaluation.

(2004). Mandatory Drug Testing Needs Controlled Evaluation. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 32-32.
Stimulation of glioma cell motility by expression, proteolysis, and release of the L1 neural cell recognition molecule

Malignant glioma cells are particularly motile and can travel diffusely through the brain parenchyma, apparently without following anatomical structures to guide their migration. The neural adhesion/recognition protein L1 (L1CAM; CD171) has been implicated in contributing to stimulation of motility and metastasis of several non-neural cancer types. We explored the expression and function of L1 protein as a stimulator of glioma cell motility using human high-grade glioma surgical specimens and established rat and human glioma cell lines. L1 protein expression was found in 17 out of 18 human high-grade glioma surgical specimens by western blotting. L1 mRNA was found to be present in human U-87/LacZ and rat C6 and 9L glioma cell lines. The glioma cell lines were negative for surface full length L1 by flow cytometry and high resolution immunocytochemistry of live cells. However, fixed and permeablized cells exhibited positive staining as numerous intracellular puncta. Western blots of cell line extracts revealed L1 proteolysis into a large soluble ectodomain (~180 kDa) and a smaller transmembrane proteolytic fragment (~32 kDa). Exosomal vesicles released by the glioma cell lines were purified and contained both full-length L1 and the proteolyzed transmembrane fragment. Glioma cell lines expressed L1-binding αvβ5 integrin cell surface receptors. Quantitative time-lapse analyses showed that motility was reduced significantly in glioma cell lines by 1) infection with an antisense-L1 retroviral vector and 2) L1 ectodomain-binding antibodies. Our novel results support a model of autocrine/paracrine stimulation of cell motility in glioma cells by a cleaved L1 ectodomain and/or released exosomal vesicles containing L1. This mechanism could explain the diffuse migratory behavior of high-grade glioma cancer cells within the brain.
Approximate evaluation of the distortion to the peak ocean wavelength and direction derived from SAR image spectra

A calculation procedure using the modulation transfer function approach is presented to estimate the distortions to the values of the peak ocean wavelength and direction derived from SAR images of these waves. The distortions are calculated for ranges of SAR parameters which are typical for aircraft and satellites, and ocean wave parameters which reflect sea states which can be imaged by these SARs. The calculated distortions are discussed in terms of overall trends, effect of particular SAR and wave parameters, and qualitatively compared with observed differences between SAR and in situ measurements.
National Defence and Social Welfare Budget Trends in Ten Nations of Postwar Western Europe

For the past two decades, economists, political scientists, and other public policy analysts have repeatedly lamented the lack of attention afforded the expenditure side of fiscal policy. Such concern has prompted numerous studies which have examined in great detail budgets of individual countries. Despite this renewed interest, surprisingly little has appeared in the area of comparative expenditure development. Cross‐country comparisons have traditionally employed cross‐section analyses while ignoring, except in rare instances, comparisons of time series data.
Base-change mutations induced by various treatments of Bacillus subtilis spores with and without DNA protective small, acid-soluble spore proteins.

Abstract Previous work has shown that spores of wild-type Bacillus subtilis are more resistant to killing by dry and wet heat, low vacuum lyophilization and hydrogen peroxide than are spores lacking the majority of their DNA protective α/β-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP) (termed α − β − spores). These four treatments kill α − β − spores in large part by DNA damage with accompanying mutagenesis, but only dry heat kills wild-type spores by DNA damage and mutagenesis. DNA sequence analysis of nalidixic acid-resistant (nal r ) mutants generated by these treatments has now shown that the nal r mutations are base changes in the gyrA gene that encodes one subunit of DNA gyrase. Analysis of the DNA sequence of the gyrA gene in a large number of nal r mutants also indicates that: (1) base changes induced by hydrogen peroxide and wet heat in α − β − spores are similar to those in spontaneous nal r mutants with only a few notable differences; (2) base changes induced by dry heat in wild-type spores and low vacuum lyophilization of α − β − spores are similar, and include a high level of a tandem base change seen previously only in spores treated with very high vacuum and (3) base changes induced by lyophilization and dry heat are very different from those in spontaneous mutants in wild-type and α − β − spores, which exhibit only one significant difference. While the initial DNA damage generated in spores by dry heat, lyophilization or high vacuum is almost certainly different than that generated by hydrogen peroxide or wet heat, the precise nature of the DNA damage remains to be determined.
Nonperturbative treatments of level shifts of excited states and high-order harmonic generation in strong fields

In this paper we accomplish three goals. First, we present new nonperturbative results of complex quasi-energies (shifts and widths) for several low-lying excited states of atomic H in strong fields, using the L2 non-Hermitian Floquet matrix technique. Second, we present a new nonperturbative L2 technique for the treatment of ac Stark shifts of arbitrary excited states. We found that all the Rydberg states in weak fields are upshifted and closely follow the quadratic field dependence described by the ponderomotive potential e2F2/4mω2. Large deviation from the ponderomotive shift and intricate level-shift behaviors, however, occur in strong fields. Finally, we present a classical nonperturbative treatment of the electronic motion in intense laser fields. We show that the spectral analysis of classical trajectories can provide detailed insights regarding the mechanisms responsible for the multiple-harmonic generation recently observed in high-intensity experiments.
Seasonal and inter-annual relationships between vegetation and climate in central New Mexico, USA

Abstract Linear correlations between seasonal and inter-annual measures of meteorological variables and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are calculated at six nearby yet distinct vegetation communities in semi-arid New Mexico, USA Monsoon season (June–September) precipitation shows considerable positive correlation with NDVI values from the contemporaneous summer, following spring, and following summer. Non-monsoon precipitation (October–May), temperature, and wind display both positive and negative correlations with NDVI values. These meteorological variables influence NDVI variability at different seasons and time lags. Thus vegetation responds to short-term climate variability in complex ways and serves as a source of memory for the climate system.
Imperial Ideology and Political Thought in Byzantium – By Dimiter Angelov

Quite correctly, the author of this book distinguishes imperial ideology from political thought. Especially in recent years, many historians have mistaken Byzantine panegyrics of emperors for serio...
Quantitation of human shoulder anatomy for prosthetic arm control--II. Anatomy matrices

Part I presented mathematically continuous surfaces and origin-to-insertion centroidal trajectory data for the muscles of the human shoulder. Part II presents linear trajectory data for the same muscles, in addition to kinematic descriptions of the joints. 'Anatomy' matrices for musculature, which convert muscle forces (as estimated by cutaneously monitored EMG signals) to moments, within a prosthetic arm controller, are developed for both the linear and non-linear (centroidal) data, and then compared. Graphical analyses of the muscle functions are also presented via computer-generated 'circle diagrams'.
Parsing spoken language: a semantic caseframe approach

Parsing spoken input introduces serious problems not present in parsing typed natural language. In particular, indeterminacies and inaccuracies of acoustic recognition must be handled in an integral manner. Many techniques for parsing typed natural language do not adapt well to these extra demands. This paper describes an extension of semantic caseframe parsing to restricted-domain spoken input. The semantic caseframe grammar representation is the same as that used for earlier work on robust parsing of typed input. Due to the uncertainty inherent in speech recognition, the caseframe grammar is applied in a quite different way, emphasizing island growing from caseframe headers. This radical change in application is possible due to the high degree of abstraction in the caseframe representation. The approach presented was tested successfully in a preliminary implementation.
Induction of apoptosis by sucrose in a human B cell line

Abstract Rationale Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of various autoimmune and systemic inflammatory disorders which in part may be due to an effect on apoptosis. We investigated whether sucrose, a component of several commercial preparations of IVIG, can induce apoptosis in B cells in vitro. Methods Ramos cells, a human Burkitt lymphoma B cell line, were incubated with sucrose at concentrations of 0.5 M, 0.075 M, and 0.0375 M and without sucrose. Apoptosis of Ramos B cells were measured by propidium iodide uptake by FACScan flow cytometry after 0 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. Results Sucrose in a concentration dependent manner induced apoptosis in Ramos B cell line. After 72 hours, the cells incubated with sucrose at 0.5 M (44.1%), 0.075 M (37.2%), and 0.0375 M (28.0%) had a higher percentage of apoptosis than cells incubated without sucrose (7.4%). Conclusions The sucrose in certain preparations of IVIG might contribute to its immunoregulatory effects through apoptosis of B cells.
The Leadership Effectiveness in the Process of Planned Organizational Change

Using data from public employees in Korean central agencies, this research examined the effectiveness of team building as a planned organizational change with respect to the change-oriented leadership and leader–member exchange. However, no statistically significant differences in change-oriented leadership and leader–member exchange were found either before or after planned organization change. Because this type of change did not reflect the characteristics of the Korean public sector, organizational members do not become completely institutionalized. Based on these findings, this research concludes that organizational change did not have the intended results unless organizational contexts were considered.
1,3-Dinitrobenzene metabolism and toxicity in seminiferous tubules isolated from rats of different ages

Previous in vivo studies in rats have shown that susceptibility to 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB)-induced testicular damage increases with age. The present study has used an in vitro approach to investigate the possibility that differences in testicular metabolism contribute to the age-related differences in toxicity. Seminiferous tubules were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats (30, 75 and 120 days old) and incubated with 100 microM DNB for 22 h. Formation of metabolites and tubular levels of ATP and glutathione (GSH) were monitored over time. There was no difference in seminiferous tubule metabolic capacity among the three ages of rats examined. After 22 h of incubation with DNB, ATP levels were 20-30% of control and GSH levels were 70-90% of control, but neither parameter showed an age-related difference in decline. Based on these biochemical indicators of cell health, this study would suggest that the lack of testicular toxicity in young animals in vivo may be due to the previously described shorter half-life with consequent reduced exposure of the testis to DNB and that the age-related increase in severity of lesion between 75 and 120 days of age cannot be explained by differences in tubular metabolism of DNB or whole-animal toxicokinetics.
ALFA-FETOPROTEIN /AFP/, A 1 -ANTITRYPSIN ACTIVITY AND HBsAg IN NEONATAL HEPATITIS AND BILIARY ATRESIA

ALFA-FETOPROTEIN /AFP/, A 1 -ANTITRYPSIN ACTIVITY AND HBsAg IN NEONATAL HEPATITIS AND BILIARY ATRESIA
The Insect Microcosm of Western Juniper Berries

On the Ground Expansion of western juniper has been a major concern of ranchers and managers working on rangelands. Insects and mites associated with juniper berries can impact juniper seed production, but little is known about arthropods inhabiting western juniper or their effects on seeds. Our study of insects and other arthropods found inside juniper berries at two sites in northeastern California found 37 species of insects and one mite species, ranging from those that eat berries or seeds to parasitoid insects that develop from eggs laid inside other insects, ultimately killing their host, and hyperparasitoids that parasitize other parasitoids. We identified several granivores that consume western juniper seeds and, when abundant, may reduce the production of viable seeds considerably.
It’s not just a job

c E o C s s c d E t has been a privilege and a pleasure to serve as your resident this year. For the past 22 years, the Southwestern urgical Congress (SWSC) has given me much more than I ave contributed. I can’t remember a meeting from which I eturned home without having seen an old friend, learned omething new, and gained a greater appreciation of surgial practice. This organization has helped guide me through y professional development and provided me with opporunities to participate in our discipline at the national level. or all of this, I am grateful. As I thought of approaching the podium, it seemed quite atural to wonder, “How did I get here?” I was raised in a mall town in Colorado in a family of modest means but trong values. Although I did have more than one opportuity to be a patient of our hometown surgeon, my decisions o become a doctor, a surgeon, and, finally, an academic urgeon seemed slow in coming. My decision to become a hysician was based on my confidence that I had the ability nd determination to acquire the necessary knowledge and kills and the dedication to use them for the benefit of ociety. A surgical career appeared to fit my attributes, ersonality, and interests. I found that I had a passion for an cademic career, which allowed me to teach and advance cience as well as to be a clinical surgeon. The joy of being surgeon has been so great that I have never looked back. consider it a privilege to be in the medical profession and ertainly have never considered my surgical career to be just job. My surgical career has been shaped by several remarkble mentors and influenced by many others. Dr. Tom Starzl gnited my surgical career and provided inspiration for my evelopment as a surgical scientist. Dr. Eugene Moore’s rive and pragmatism kept me on track toward an academic
Outcome of small lung nodules missed on hybrid PET/MRI in patients with primary malignancy.

Purpose To assess outcomes of lung nodules missed on simultaneous positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) compared to the reference standard PET and computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with primary malignancy. Materials and Methods In all, 208 patients with primary malignancy undergoing clinically indicated (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT followed by PET/MRI were independently reviewed by two readers. Upon review of the thoracic station on PET/MRI and PET/CT, 89 non-FDG avid small lung nodules in 43 patients were detected (by reader 1) only on the CT component of the PET/CT but were not identified on PET/MRI. Overall, 84 of these 89 nodules were examined on follow-up imaging with PET/CT or chest CT. The remaining five nodules had no follow-up imaging but had remote imaging available for comparison. Results Among the 84 nodules with follow-up, three nodules (3%) in one patient progressed, 10 (12%) nodules partially/completely resolved, whereas 71 nodules (85%) remained stable. The five nodules without follow-up were all stable since prior imaging of over 21 months. Conclusion The vast majority (97%) of small non-FDG avid lung nodules missed on PET/MRI either resolved or remained stable on follow-up, suggestive of benignity. PET/MRI remains a viable alternative imaging modality in oncology patients, despite its low sensitivity in detecting small lung nodules. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:504–511.
Bisphenol A and phthalates and endometriosis: the Endometriosis: Natural History, Diagnosis and Outcomes Study

Objective To explore the relation between bisphenol A and 14 phthalate metabolites and endometriosis. Design Matched cohort design. Setting Fourteen clinical centers. Patient(s) The operative cohort comprised 495 women undergoing laparoscopy/laparotomy, whereas the population cohort comprised 131 women matched on age and residence. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Surgically visualized or pelvic magnetic resonance imaging diagnosed endometriosis in the two cohorts, respectively. Result(s) Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression adjusting for age, body mass index, and creatinine. In the population cohort, six phthalate metabolites—mono- n -butyl phthalate, mono-[(2-carboxymethyl) hexyl] phthalate, mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxyphentyl) phthalate, mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, and mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate—were significantly associated with an approximately twofold increase in the odds of an endometriosis diagnosis. Two phthalates were associated with endometriosis in the operative cohort when restricting to visualized and histologic endometriosis (monooctyl phthalate; OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.10–1.72) or when restricting comparison women to those with a postoperative diagnosis of a normal pelvis [mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.03–1.78]. Conclusion(s) Select phthalates were associated with higher odds of an endometriosis diagnosis for women with magnetic resonance imaging–diagnosed endometriosis. The lack of consistency of findings across cohorts underscores the impact of methodology on findings.
QUALITATIVE ASSAY OF DISSOLVED AMINO ACIDS AND SUGARS EXCRETED BY CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII (CHLOROPHYCEAE) AND EUGLENA GRACILIS (EUGLENOPHYCEAE)1

Dissolved amino acids and sugars produced by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard and Euglena gracilis Klebs were assayed using a combination of radiochromatography and membrane separated spinner flasks. Both species produced similar complements of sugars. The sugars produced In the algae included galactose, glucose, maltose and xylose. The amino acid complements produced Were different for each species. C. reinhardtii excreted aspartate, leucine, methionine, phenlyalanine, tyrosine and Valine. E. gracilis excreted alanine, glutamate, proline and serine. Separation of cells from growth media via membrane filtration produced an overestimate of net amount of dissolved carbon compounds excreted by the cells. However, the radiochromatographic spectra for both filtrates and cell-free compartments of the diffusion flask experiments were identical. It is hypothesized that the process of filtration max enhance leakage of labeled cellular pools rather than cellular disruption in the species investigated.
Metabolic Characteristics of Preparations of Isolated Sheep Thyroid Gland Cells. II. Fatty Acid Oxidation

The utilization of albuminbound palmitic acid-1-14C, 6-14C, 11-14C and 13-14C by isolated sheep thyroid cells and by slices of the gland was studied. 1. The 14C of palmitic acid-1-l4C was incorporated into cholesterol esters, triglycerides and phospholipids, but 14CO2 was the major end-product. 2. The results obtained with the variously labeled fatty acids show that the thyroid cell per se is capable of disrupting the fatty acid molecule to completion. 3. The conversion of the 14C of palmitic acid-1-14C to 14CO2 was 1.6-2.8 times that observed with palmitic acid-6-14C. This is explained by the isotope dilution scheme previously proposed for the operation of the Krebs cycle. 4. Three hundred mg of isolated cells converted at least twice as much of the 14C of palmitic acid-1-14C to CO2 as did 400 mg of the slices. (Endocrinology 77: 103, 1965)
LMS adaption with hard-limited gradient

The authors present a novel normalization technique for the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm that has practical application to adaptive array configurations. Different normalization techniques are reviewed and empirical results presented. Simulation results indicate that the algorithm's steady-state performance is nearly the same as that of the LMS, HLLMS (hard-limited LMS), and NLMS (normalized LMS), but that its transient response exhibits the same independence to total interference power as does the NLMS algorithm. The GNLMS (gradient NLMS) algorithm can be used in single-port, as well as multiport, array configurations. The GNLMS is the only way to make response time independent of input power using a single-port technique. Improvement in stability and some improvement in steady-state performance were also realized when the GNLMS algorithm was used in simulations of a single-port configuration. >
Respiratory Energy Expenditure by the Predaceous Zooplankter Leptodora Kindtii (focke) (crustacea: CLADOCERA)1

Respiratory expenditure energy budgets were determined for a natural population of the predaceous zooplankter Leptodoru kin&ii during two growing seasons. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and RQ were determined under a variety of laboratory conditions. Lemdora demonstrated a respiratory regulatory plateau over the temperature range 15 to 2.X. Oxygen consumption was highest for males and lowest for fecund females. Annual population maintenance cost (respiration) was calculated to be 22.5 kcal rnw8 yr-l in 1966 and 111.4 kcal m-’ yr-’ in 1%7 ( 4,625 ml 02 m-3 yr-’ and 23,302 ml 02 rnw8 yr-’ ) .
Independently cloned halves of cytomegalovirus assemblin, An and Ac, can restore proteolytic activity to assemblin mutants by intermolecular complementation.

Herpesviruses encode an essential serine proteinase called assemblin that is responsible for cleaving the precursor assembly protein during the process of capsid formation. In cytomegalovirus (CMV), assemblin undergoes autoproteolysis at an internal (I) site located near the middle of the molecule. I-site cleavage converts the enzyme to an active two-chain form consisting of the subunits An and Ac. We have recently shown that the recombinant An and Ac subunits can spontaneously associate within eukaryotic cells to yield active two-chain proteinase. This finding indicates that the subunits are able to independently assume their correct functional conformations and led us to test whether they are capable of intermolecular complementation. This was done by coexpressing inactive mutant (point, deletion, and insertion) forms of assemblin together with the wild-type subunit (either An or Ac) corresponding to the domain of assemblin that was mutated. Results of these experiments showed that both An and Ac are able to rescue the enzymatic activity of assemblin mutants. I-site cleavage of the mutated assemblin occurred during complementation but was not absolutely required, as shown by effective complementation of inactive assemblins with noncleavable I sites. We have also shown that intermolecular complementation can rescue the activity of an inactive mutant full-length proteinase precursor and can occur between different species of CMV (e.g., human CMV subunit can rescue activity of mutant simian CMV assemblin). These results indicate that assemblin is able to form active multimeric structures that may be of functional importance.
Preventing history forgery with secure provenance

As increasing amounts of valuable information are produced and persist digitally, the ability to determine the origin of data becomes important. In science, medicine, commerce, and government, data provenance tracking is essential for rights protection, regulatory compliance, management of intelligence and medical data, and authentication of information as it flows through workplace tasks. While significant research has been conducted in this area, the associated security and privacy issues have not been explored, leaving provenance information vulnerable to illicit alteration as it passes through untrusted environments.In this article, we show how to provide strong integrity and confidentiality assurances for data provenance information at the kernel, file system, or application layer. We describe Sprov, our provenance-aware system prototype that implements provenance tracking of data writes at the application layer, which makes Sprov extremely easy to deploy. We present empirical results that show that, for real-life workloads, the runtime overhead of Sprov for recording provenance with confidentiality and integrity guarantees ranges from 1p to 13p, when all file modifications are recorded, and from 12p to 16p, when all file read and modifications are tracked.
Women Studies: A Reference Collection for Public Libraries

The past decade has seen an enormous amount of publication and research focusing on the concerns of women. As feminist scholarship expands, publication about women and women's issues will continue. So much has been produced that it is nearly impossible to keep abreast of it all. And it is equally difficult to adequately evaluate these publications. Because the literature on women now is so vast, a brief list of essential resources of interest to public libraries is needed. Rather than attempt to name many specific titles for a core circulating collection I have concentrated on very basic reference tools. Women's studies journals are not included. See Serials Review 5:4.
A Modified Fourier Transform Method for Multiple Scattering Calculations in a Plane Parallel Mie Atmosphere

A method for evaluating characteristics of the scattered radiation emerging from a plane parallel atmosphere containing large spherical particles is described. In this method, the normalized phase function for scattering is represented as a Fourier series whose maximum required number of terms depends upon the zenith angles of the directions of incident and of scattered radiation. Some results are presented to show that this method can be used to obtain reliable numerical values in a reasonable amount of computer time.
In-situ calibration of stress chips

A novel procedure employing moire interferometry has been successfully implemented for the accurate in-situ calibration of stress chips. Strains were measured by this accurate and extremely sensitive technique at the locations of the gauges and related to corresponding gauge-resistance changes. The approach is immune from many of the drawbacks of earlier calibration procedures and has eliminated the need to know the piezoresistive properties of the strain-gauge material, which constituted a major difficulty in properly interpreting gauge-resistance changes in terms of strains at the gauge locations. A characteristic gauge factor, S, for each type of strain gauge has been introduced and shown to be the only gauge character to be determined. It reflects how different gauge types react to the same strain. It is suggested that the strain gauges be designed such that the gauge factor is as high as possible, thereby minimizing sensitivity to measurement errors. In addition to being flexible and applicable to new and existing stress chips, the procedure is expected to spread the use of diffused-resistor strain gauges as a realistic monitor of chip strains in addressing reliability concerns. >
The national context for reform

Today's challenges, like those of the Sputnik era almost fifty years ago, require a visible and persistent national commitment to educational renewal and reform.
Incidental echocardiographic detection of coronary artery aneurysm in a patient with multiple vascular aneurysms.

This is a case of a 74-year-old male with known multiple peripheral aneurysms. The patient presented for resection of a right popliteal aneurysm. During a routine preoperative transthoracic echocardiography, we detected a cystic structure on the inferolateral aspect of the basal left ventricle and the left atrium along the atrioventricular groove. A CT scan confirmed this to be a left circumflex artery aneurysm. The patient subsequently died of a ruptured berry aneurysm and an intracranial bleed. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 21, April 2004)
Efficacy of nonvenous medications for acute convulsive seizures: A network meta-analysis.

Objective: This is a network meta-analysis of nonvenous drugs used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for treatment of acute convulsive seizures and convulsive status epilepticus. Methods: Literature was searched according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for RCTs examining treatment of acute convulsive seizures or status epilepticus with at least one of the study arms being a nonvenous medication. After demographic and outcome data extraction, a Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed and efficacy results were summarized using treatment effects and their credible intervals (CrI). We also calculated the probability of each route–drug combination being the most clinically effective for a given outcome, and provided their Bayesian hierarchical ranking. Results: This meta-analysis of 16 studies found that intramuscular midazolam (IM-MDZ) is superior to other nonvenous medications regarding time to seizure termination after administration (2.145 minutes, 95% CrI 1.308–3.489), time to seizure cessation after arrival in the hospital (3.841 minutes, 95% CrI 2.697–5.416), and time to initiate treatment (0.779 minutes, 95% CrI 0.495–1.221). Additionally, intranasal midazolam (IN-MDZ) was adjudged most efficacious for seizure cessation within 10 minutes of administration (90.4% of participants, 95% CrI 79.4%–96.9%), and persistent seizure cessation for ≥1 hour (78.5% of participants, 95% CrI 59.5%–92.1%). Paucity of RCTs produced evidence gaps resulting in small networks, routes/drugs included in some networks but not others, and some trials not being connected to any network. Conclusions: Despite the evidence gaps, IM-MDZ and IN-MDZ exhibit the best efficacy data for the nonvenous treatment of acute convulsive seizures or status epilepticus.
Aggregate idiosyncratic volatility, dynamic aspects of loss aversion, and narrow framing

We test the dynamic aspects of the loss aversion feature of Kahneman and Tversky (Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica 47:263–291, 1979) and find that idiosyncratic volatility is negatively associated with unrealized gains of stock returns. Moreover, we show that this negative relationship is stronger for stocks with high individual investors’ holdings. Finally, we show that controlling for firm age as defined by Fink et al. (What drove the increase in idiosyncratic volatility during the internet boom? J Financ Quant Anal 45:1253–1278, 2010) eliminates the significance of retail trading proportions as a driver of idiosyncratic volatility. These findings are robust to price, sentiment, and IPO dates. Bivariate vector auto-regression confirms the causality of unrealized gains of stock returns on idiosyncratic volatility.
On Two-Phase Flow in a Rotating Boundary Layer

The two-phase flow induced by a rotating disk in a stationary unbounded mixture is considered. The generalized similarity assumption of von Karman reduces the averaged equations of motion with a linear drag between the phases to a system of ordinary differential equations. These are investigated by asymptotic and numerical techniques. The equations display a nontrivial behavior in a sublayer near the boundary, whose thickness is of the order of the particle size. The volume fraction of the dispersed phase is singular unless a small suction is applied on the disk or a small diffusion term is added to the continuity equations. Outside this sublayer, the velocity field is quite similar to a rescaled classical von Karman flow. Good agreement between asymptotic and numerical solution is obtained, although there is considerable stiffness in the equations. The motion of a solid particle in a von Karman flow is also discussed, but the present investigation is restricted to small radii because the shear-lift force is neglected.
Abstract 304: Global Transcriptional Effects of Vitamin A Deficiency on the Postnatal Heart

Vitamin A (VA) is the chemical precursor of retinoic acid (RA), which is critical for embryonic development and for growth, immunity, metabolism, and cell differentiation in postnatal regenerating systems such as skin, sensory organs, and stem cell niches in the brain. VA is also essential for embryonic heart development, and we hypothesized that Vitamin A might exert an effect on the postnatal heart similar to what is observed for other tissues. Here, we report the global transcriptional profiles of wild-type (WT) mice fed a VA sufficient diet (VAS) compared with retinyl acyl transferase (LRAT) knock-out mice fed either a VAS or VA deficient (VAD) diet. Knockout of the LRAT gene alone was sufficient to induce differential expression of 576 genes relative to WT. Feeding LRAT mutant mice a VAD diet resulted in a change in the relative expression levels of 257 genes relative to LRAT mutant mice fed a VAS diet. As expected, we observed transcriptional alterations related to Vitamin A metabolism, including an increase in the gene encoding cellular retinoid binding protein 7 and down-regulation of the retinol metabolic enzymes Cy1a2 and Cyp2a4. Importantly, several cardiac genes not previously known to require VA were perturbed, including the gene encoding B-type natriuretic peptide, which was down-regulated in mutant mice irrespective of diet, and A-type natriuretic peptide, which was decreased only in mice fed the VAD diet. There was also a striking effect of VAD on genes important for immune responses, which could have an impact on the wound healing process subsequent to injury of the heart. This is consistent with recent evidence that showed that Vitamin A deficiency influences post-infarct ventricular remodeling in rats. In summary, this is the first microarray study of Vitamin A deficiency in the postnatal heart, which suggests mechanisms by which Vitamin A depletion may alter myocardial maintenance and repair after injury.
Cellulose Synthesis in Detached Cotton Fibers

The mechanism of biosynthesis of cellulose and other cell-wall polymers has been researched and reviewed for decades, and there have been many conflicting reports on the mode of cellulose synthesis in cell-free systems from higher plants. However, more recent reports (Delmer, 1977; Franz, 1978; Ray, 1980) indicate that this plethora of controversy on the mechanism of cellulose synthesis reflects the notion that the in vitro synthesis has not been demonstrated unequivocally. The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate critically the reports of in vitro cellulose synthesis, to outline some of the major problems to be overcome for such an in vitro synthesis, and to discuss some physiological considerations for cellulose synthesis in vivo.
The Return on Investment in Usability of Web Applications

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a context for the discussion of the return on investment (ROI) in usability for Web applications and a brief review of the research completed on the topic of the cost benefit of usability. ROI is a measure of business effectiveness and is typically a ratio of profit to the cost of achieving the profit. The profit is often calculated using one of the sophisticated selection techniques outlined by Clare-Marie Karat. An important point to consider is that companies deciding in which areas to invest often use projected ROIs. For example, a company can invest a given amount of money in a new product A or in improving the usability of website B. An human-computer interaction (HCI) professional with an understanding of the costs and benefits of usability and the ability to describe them in business terms, such as ROI, will help executives make more effective decisions for their companies and (knowing how the evidence leans) for their customers as well. HCI professionals can help to build the knowledge base in cost justifying usability on the web by collecting cost-benefit data during their projects and sharing them as appropriate with the community.