cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a Network-based Simulation of Future Air Transportation Concepts

*† † This paper describes key elements involved in applying a system-of-systems approach to modeling future air transportation architectures. Overall, this approach links together not only the technical aspects of the National Transportation System (NTS) and National Airspace System (NAS), but also to incorporate the political, socio-economic, operational and alternative transportation systems into a single architecture. Since the potential scope is huge, representations of the individual systems are simplistic, focusing on uncovering highlevel patterns in the structure of networks and operational rules that lead to scalability in transportation goals. In particular, this paper describes the use of transportation data for instantiation of the simulation model built for the task. Analysis of simulation results exhibit trends in the time scales of action in the capacity network that may lead to the formulation of future policies and regulations.
Prevention of ventriculostomy-related infections with prophylactic antibiotics and antibiotic-coated external ventricular drains: a systematic review.

Background Ventriculostomy-related infection (VRI) is a severe complication of external ventricular drain use, occurring in 5% to 23% of patients. Preventive measures for VRI include prolonged prophylactic systemic antibiotics (PSAs) and an antibiotic-coated external ventricular drains (ac-EVDs). Objective We performed a systematic review of all studies evaluating PSAs and ac-EVD for VRI prevention through July 2010. Methods Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and evaluated study quality based on pre-established criteria. Observational studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Results Three RCTs and 7 observational studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The type of antibiotics and VRI definitions varied among these studies. Pooled analysis showed a protective effect of PSAs and ac-EVDs for VRI (risk ratio: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.18-0.56). Results showed moderate heterogeneity (I(2) = 53%) explained by the difference in quality among the studies and the inclusion of 1 large positive cohort study. The effect of PSAs and ac-EVDs was unrelated to the type of study (RCT or observational, P for interaction = .55), the route of antibiotic administration (PSAs or ac-EVDs, P = .13), or the quality of the studies (suboptimal vs good/excellent, P = .55). Conclusion RCTs and observational-derived evidence support the use of PSAs throughout the duration of external ventricular drainage; similarly, the use of ac-EVDs to prevent VRI seems to be beneficial. Available data are heterogeneous and of suboptimal quality. Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this meta-analysis. There are not sufficient data to compare the protective effect of ac-EVDs and PSAs.
Source Term Discretization Effects on the Accuracy of Finite Volume Schemes

Source terms often appear in Computational Fluid Dynamics problems. They are used to help describe the physics of turbulence, chemical reactions, and certain methods used for code verification, such as the Method of Manufactured Solutions. Proper discretization of source terms is essential to provide accurate results. If source term discretization is insufficient it can spoil the solution accuracy. For this work we examine the effect of source terms on three finite volume flux schemes: constant reconstruction, linear reconstruction, and third-order flux correction schemes. We also develop three source term discretization schemes: point source, Galerkin, and corrected. Results indicate that source term discretization is essential to providing correct order of accuracy for finite volume schemes.
Effect of visual pattern restriction in early life on brain enzyme in the rat

The present study was conducted to ascertain whether the visual patterning or the intensity of environmental light in early life is the critical factor in inducing reported behavioral and physiological changes in adult animals (cf Singh et al, 1967). After weaning, littermate female rats were raised in either total darkness, facing a black-and-white striped or a flat-white enclosure for 70 days. Results show that these visual conditions produce differential body weight gains and melatonin activity in the pineal gland. On the basis of these findings, it appears that previously reported physiological changes were not due to the intensity of environmental light.
Upstream Physical Layer Technologies of DOCSIS2.0 Protocol

The technical specification of upstream physical la ye r of DOCSIS2.0and its new features are described.It is a new specification b ased on DOCSIS1.1for enhancing the protocol's physical layer performance.It increases channel capacity and improves interference immunity for HFC system.Th e upstream physical layer technologies specification using S-CDMA mode is a new feature of DOCSIS2.0,and is the key point for understanding and deploying t he protocol.
On Informatization Construction of Archives:Problems and Countermeasures

Along with the rapid development of computer and network technologies,archives management has come into an information age. This paper explores problems in the informatization construction process of archives,such as lack of software universality,different levels of standardization and normalization,various levels of professional skills of records management staffs and backward professional skills and proposes corresponding countermeasures from the views of establishing a unified file management software and enhancing professional competence of the personnel,aiming to promote the informatization construction.
INTERPRETING RHYTHM IN OPTICAL MUSIC RECOGNITION

We present a method for understanding the rhythmic content of a collection of identified symbols in optical music recognition, designed for polyphonic music. Our object of study is a measure of music symbols. Our model explains the symbols as a collection of voices, while the number of voices is variable throughout a measure. We introduce a dynamic programming framework that identifies the best-scoring interpretation subject to the constraint that each voice accounts for the musical time indicated by the known time signature. Our approach applies as well to the situation in which their are multiple possible hypotheses for each symbol, and thus combines interpretation with recognition in a top-down manner. We present experiments demonstrating a nearly 4-fold decrease in the number of false positive symbols with monophonic music, identify missing tuplets, and show preliminary results with polyphonic music.
Single-Molecule Tracking and Its Application in Biomolecular Binding Detection

In the past two decades, significant advances have been made in single-molecule detection which enables the direct observation of single biomolecules at work in real time and under physiological conditions. In particular, the development of single-molecule tracking (SMT) microscopy allows us to monitor the motion paths of individual biomolecules in living systems, unveiling the localization dynamics, and transport modalities of the biomolecules that support the development of life. Beyond the capabilities of traditional camera-based tracking techniques, state-of-the-art SMT microscopies developed in recent years can record fluorescence lifetime while tracking a single molecule in the 3D space. This multiparameter detection capability can open the door to a wide range of investigations at the cellular or tissue level, including identification of molecular interaction hotspots and characterization of association/dissociation kinetics between molecules. In this review, we discuss various SMT techniques developed to date, with an emphasis on our recent development of the next generation 3D tracking system that not only achieves ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution but also provides sufficient working depth suitable for live animal imaging. We also discuss the challenges that current SMT techniques are facing and the potential strategies to tackle those challenges.
Recutting prostate needle core biopsies with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia increases detection of adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the ability of biopsy core recutting to increase cancer detection in patients with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). METHODS This prospective study encompasses all patients undergoing 12 core TRUS guided prostate biopsy between February 2004 and January 2007. In patients with HGPIN on initial biopsy, the paraffin blocks were resampled for cancer by additional deeper levels per core. Additional analysis was performed in the patients with HGPIN in order to detect whether significant differences in prebiopsy variables were associated with patients subsequently found to have benign versus carcinoma on recutting. Last, the costs associated with this procedure were studied. RESULTS Forty of 584 (6.8%) patients undergoing prostate biopsy were found to have HGPIN in the absence of prostatic adenocarcinoma on initial histopathology. Following recutting, 12.5% (5/40) of these patients were found to have prostatic adenocarcinoma not previously detected. Of the remaining 35 patients, 18 underwent repeat biopsy. Of these, five patients were found to have adenocarcinoma and three were found to have persistent HGPIN. The PSA, PSA density (PSAD), and PSA velocity (PSAV) prior to initial biopsy were not statistically different when comparing patients found to have benign tissue versus carcinoma on recutting. In patients with HGPIN, at our institution, recutting the biopsy would yield a cost savings of $436/patient as opposed to universal rebiopsy. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that prostate biopsy recutting may increase cancer detection in patients initially found to have HGPIN. Additionally, a significant cost savings is associated with the recutting protocol.
Acute and Long-Term Outcomes Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and serious disability among children and adolescents. In this review, the neuropathology and pathophysiology of pediatric TBI will be briefly discussed, including the importance of advanced neuroimaging techniques to assist with acute management and diagnostic accuracy. Then, predictors of outcome and sequelae of injury will be highlighted, across TBI severities, including impact on health-related quality of life. Finally, a case study will be presented to highlight the unique trajectory and outcome in a teenager with a severe TBI.
Physical Model for Surface Charge Supported Flashover

It has been reported by some utilities1 that low energy track marks were found on in-service GIS insulators during normal inspection. In the past these have been attributed to fast transients generated by switch operations. However, recent work has shown that these low energy flashovers always occur sometime after switch open operations when transients should long have disappeared. The time delays range from a few minutes to several hours.
Modeling plasma-assisted methane–air ignition using pre-calculated electron impact reaction rates

Abstract Development of practical combustion applications implementing plasma-assisted ignition technology for improved efficiency or fuel versatility will benefit from computationally-feasible models which include the plasma processes governing experimentally-observed combustion enhancement. A detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism for methane combustion with relevant plasma reactions has been compiled, including a set of electron impact cross sections for elastic and inelastic collisions with reactants, intermediate species, and products of methane combustion. In addition to electron impact reactions, the present mechanism includes reactions involving vibrationally- and electronically-excited species, dissociative recombination reactions, three-body recombination reactions, charge transfer reactions, and relaxation reactions, taken from the literature where available, and otherwise calculated using published correlations. While many past mechanisms have made assumptions limiting their use to specific regimes such as nanosecond discharges or microwave-enhanced flames, the present mechanism is generalized to include kinetics relating to both high- and low-energy excitation. The chemical kinetic mechanism is designed for use in a two-temperature chemical kinetics solver that tracks the electron temperature in addition to the gas temperature, as non-thermal plasma regimes characteristic to plasma-assisted combustion will typically have electron energies out of equilibrium with the energy of the heavier gas particles. Analysis considers the effects of initial temperature, mixture composition, electron concentration, and electric field strength on plasma ignition effectiveness. As commonly practiced, costly calculation of the Boltzmann equation at every time step is avoided by pre-calculating electron impact reaction rate coefficients using a Boltzmann equation solver. Here we evaluate the pre-calculated rates assumption, showing that ignition predictions depend on the gas composition at which the electron impact reaction rates are generated, but that induced errors are acceptable given the uncertainty in other model parameters such as impact cross sections. Finally, chemical kinetic sensitivity analysis highlights the importance of reactions governing free charge balance and nitrogen vibrational excitation when plasma effects on combustion enhancement are strong.
China’s Challenge

“The direction that China and US-China relations take will define the strategic future of the world for years to come. No relationship matters more — for better or for worse — in resolving the enduring challenges of our time.” So begins a thoughtful overview of China’s economic and political evolution (Bergsten et al., 2006, p. 1). If it looms so large within the 21st century power equation, how can a study of global power justify devoting merely one chapter to China’s rise? That no other (non-US) actor has merited a separate chapter seems an unsatisfactory explanation. In fact, China’s impact is evident in each theme and chapter of this book.
Pastoral Theology: Historical Perspectives and Future Agendas

(2006). Pastoral Theology: Historical Perspectives and Future Agendas. Journal of Pastoral Theology: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 7-30.
Limits of ultra-low dose CT attenuation correction for PET/CT

We present an analysis of the effects of ultra-low dose X-ray computerized tomography (CT) based attenuation correction for positron emission tomography (PET). By ultra low dose we mean less than approximately 5 mAs or 0.5 mSv total effective whole body dose. The motivation is the increased interest in using respiratory motion information acquired during the CT scan for both phase-matched CT-based attenuation correction and for motion estimation. Since longer duration CT scans are desired, radiation dose to the patient can be a limiting factor. In this study we evaluate the impact of reducing photon flux rates in the CT data on the reconstructed PET image by using the CATSIM simulation tool for the CT component and the ASIM simulation tool for the PET component. The CT simulation includes effects of the x-ray tube spectra, beam conditioning, bowtie filter, detector noise, and bean hardening correction. The PET simulation includes the effect of attenuation and photon counting. Noise and bias in the PET image were evaluated from multiple realizations of test objects. We show that techniques can be used to significantly reduce the mAs needed for CT based attenuation correction if the CT is not used for diagnostic purposes. The limiting factor, however, is not the noise in the CT image but rather the bias introduced by CT sinogram elements with no detected flux. These results constrain the methods that can be used to lower CT dose in a manner suitable for attenuation correction of PET data. We conclude that ultra-low-dose CT for attenuation correction of PET data is feasible with current PET/CT scanners.
High-flux experiments and simulations of pulse-mode 3D-position-sensitive CdZnTe pixelated detectors

In this work we present high-flux experiment and simulation results of 3D-position-sensitive CdZnTe pixelated detectors operated in pulse mode. Charge transport properties used in our simulations were carefully calculated through direct comparison between measured and simulated charge induced signals using two different methods: irradiating with α-particles on the lateral side surface of the detector at normal bias and irradiating with Mo-K α X-rays (Molybdenum) on the cathode surface at reverse bias. Measured and simulated spectra as a function of increasing flux showed energies shifting towards lower energy bins followed by complete absence of spectral information, which was found to be caused by positive space charge build up distorting and completely breaking down the operating field as flux increased. More importantly, we developed a complete 3D framework that can be extended to other semiconductor detector technologies to study and predict their performance under high-flux scenarios.
Nitric oxide fumigation for control of western flower thrips and its safety to postharvest quality of fresh fruit and vegetables

Abstract Nitric oxide fumigation under ultralow oxygen conditions was studied for controlling western flower thrips and effects on postharvest quality of fresh fruit and vegetables. Four hour fumigation with 1.0% nitric oxide at 2 °C and 3 h fumigation with 2.0% nitric oxide at 5 °C achieved complete control of the thrips. The 4 h treatment was tested on 10 fresh fruit and vegetables including lettuce, broccoli, pepper, squash, tomato, apple, lemon, orange, peach, and pear. When the treatment was terminated by flushing with nitrogen to dilute nitric oxide before exposing the products to ambient air, the treatment had no negative impact on quality of the products. When the treatment was terminated by flushing with air to allow nitric oxide to reacts with oxygen in the air to form nitrogen dioxide, the treatment caused injuries to the majority of the fresh products. Fresh products with thick and robust skins were more tolerant than those with thin and delicate skins to nitric oxide fumigation. The 4 h fumigation with 1.0% nitric oxide of strawberries at 2 °C had positive impact on strawberry quality with enhanced firmness, brighter and richer color than the controls. The study demonstrated efficacy of nitric oxide fumigation in controlling western flower thrips, safety to fresh commodities, and benefits to postharvest quality of strawberries.
Research highlights: speciation and transformations of silver released from Ag NPs in three species

Antimicrobial silver nanoparticles used in consumer products may be released during fabrication, during product use, or after disposal and may reach terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, prompting concern about their potential to adversely impact the environment (Benn and Westerhoff, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2008, 42, 4133, DOI: 10.1021/es7032718). Although the toxicity of pristine silver nanoparticles is well studied and understood, silver nanoparticles can undergo transformation during release and in engineered and natural environments. The speciation of silver after release must therefore be explored to deepen understanding of the potential impact of these nanoparticles on the environment. Herein, we highlight three articles which use highly sensitive analytical techniques to define, and in some cases map, silver speciation in situ after exposure to organisms of varying size and complexity. First, we highlight research by Leonardo et al. which explores the transformations of silver acted upon by a microalgae species that is a candidate for heavy metal remediation in water. Next, we highlight research by Stegemeier et al. quantifying and mapping the speciation of silver in alfalfa after exposure to several silver sources, including two silver-based nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss work by Wang et al. on silver speciation in human monocyte cells as observed by synchrotron radiation techniques which leads to mechanistic insights on cytotoxicity.
Ti-Fe Intermetallics Analysis and Control in Joining Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel by Laser Metal Deposition

Abstract There are urgent needs to join titanium alloy and stainless steel so that their outstanding mechanical properties can be utilized integratedly in the aeronautics and astronautics industries. However, direct fusion joining two alloys can cause brittle Ti-Fe intermetallics which compromise the mechanical properties of diffusion bonds between titanium alloys and stainless steel. Therefore, filler metals are required as transition layers. In this research, stainless steel metallic powder was directly deposited on the titanium alloy substrate by laser beam, the Ti-Fe intermetallic phases formed in this process were investigated through analyzing fracture morphology, phase identification, and Vickers Hardness Number (VHN). After that, Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) was applied to explore a new fabricating process to join Ti6Al4V and SS316. A transition composition route was introduced (Ti6Al4V → V → Cr → Fe → SS316) to avoid the intermetallic phase between Ti6Al4V and SS316. A thin wall sample was fabricated via LMD following the transition composition route. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) tests were conducted. The results demonstrate that the generation of intermetallic phases is effectively avoided following the composition route. Microstructure characterization and composition distribution analysis were performed via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS). The SEM results indicated that rapid solidification results in the elongated microstructure. The EDS result can reflect the transition composition route design. Besides, the diffusions of metals are detected in the EDS results. Vickers hardness test was executed to observe the VHN distribution from Ti6Al4V to SS316. Vickers hardness result showed that there was no significant formation of intermetallic phases. Comparing with directly depositing SS316 on Ti6Al4V, the usage of the new transition route can eliminate the Ti-Fe intermetallics effectively.
THERMODYNAMIC AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF MODEL SYSTEMS AT SOLID-FLUID COEXISTENCE. II: MELTING AND SUBLIMATION OF THE LENNARD-JONES SYSTEM

Properties of coexisting fluid and solid phases of the Lennard-Jones model potential are reported. The melting line, representing equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases, is computed by performing a thermodynamic integration along a path that follows the coexistence line itself, according to the Gibbs-Duhem integration method recently introduced by us. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to compute the quantities needed by the method; two system sizes, with particles numbering approximately 100 and 500, respectively, are examined. The starting point for the integration is the soft sphere system obtained in the limit of high temperature. The procedure terminates at the solid-liquid-vapour triple point, and thus the entire melting line is determined. Our results for the melting pressure are about 10% higher than those reported previously in the literature, while the triple point temperature we compute is in accord with the established value. An analysis of the approach to the high-temperature limi...
Safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use in lactating HIV-uninfected women.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In settings where HIV is prevalent in heterosexual populations, pregnancy and postpartum breastfeeding periods can be associated with substantial HIV acquisition risk. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine is an attractive HIV prevention option for women who are lactating but data are limited on its safety during the lactation period.Areas covered: We provide a concise synthesis and summary of current evidence on the safety of TDF-based PrEP during breastfeeding. We conducted a review, searching Pubmed database and major PrEP conferences for primary studies with TDF-based PrEP exposure during postpartum breastfeeding.Expert opinion: TDF-based oral PrEP is an effective female-controlled HIV prevention option. There is evidence supporting the safety of TDF use for infant outcomes during breastfeeding in antiretroviral treatment regimens for HIV and hepatitis B virus, and more limited, but consistently safe, data from use of TD...
Three-Dimensional Printing of Surgical Clips: An In Vitro Pilot Study and Trial of Efficacy.

Abstract Introduction and Objective: Three-dimensional (3D) printing applications have increased over the past decade. Our objective was to test rapid prototyping of a 3D printed surgical clip for intraoperative use. Materials and Methods: Our prototype was modeled after the 10 mm Weck® Hem-o-lok® polymer clip (Teleflex, Inc., Wayne, PA). A 3D computer-aided design model of the Hem-o-lok clip was reverse engineered using commercial microscopy and printing was done using an Objet Connex500 multijetting system (Stratasys, Eden Prairie, MN). The initial polymer was Objet VeroWhitePlus RGD835; the addition of Objet TangoBlackPlus FLX980 during the design process improved hinge flexibility. The 3D printed clips were then pressure tested on rubber Penrose tubing and compared in vitro versus commercial Hem-o-lok clips. Results: Initial 3D printed clips were not functional as they split at the hinge upon closure of the clip jaws. Design changes were made to add Objet TangoBlackPlus FLX980 at the hinge to improve ...
Gcg CreERT2 knockin mice as a tool for genetic manipulation in pancreatic alpha cells.

The Cre/loxP system, which enables tissue-specific manipulation of genes, is widely used in mice for diabetes research. Our aim was to develop a new Cre-driver mouse line for the specific and efficient manipulation of genes in pancreatic alpha cells. A Gcg CreERT2 knockin mouse, which expresses a tamoxifen-inducible form of Cre from the endogenous preproglucagon (Gcg) gene locus, was generated by homologous recombination. The new Gcg CreERT2 mouse line was crossed to the Rosa26 tdTomato (R26 tdTomato ) Cre reporter mouse line in order to evaluate the tissue specificity, efficiency and tamoxifen dependency of Gcg CreERT2 -mediated recombination. Cell types of pancreatic islets were identified using immunohistochemistry. Biochemical and physiological data, including blood glucose levels, plasma glucagon and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 levels, and pancreatic glucagon content, were collected and used to assess the overall effect of Gcg gene targeting on Gcg CreERT2/w heterozygous mice. Tamoxifen-treated Gcg CreERT2/w ;R26 tdTomato/w mice displayed Cre reporter activity, i.e. expression of tdTomato red fluorescent protein (RFP) in all known cells that produce proglucagon-derived peptides. In the adult pancreas, RFP was detected in 94–97% of alpha cells, whereas it was detected in a negligible (~ 0.2%) proportion of beta cells. While more than 98% of cells labelled with tamoxifen-induced RFP were glucagon-positive cells, 14–25% of pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-positive cells were also positive for RFP, indicating the presence of glucagon/PP bihormonal cell population. Tamoxifen-independent expression of RFP occurred in approximately 6% of alpha cells. In contrast to alpha cells and GLP-1-producing neurons, in which RFP expression persisted for at least 5 months after tamoxifen administration (presumably due to rare neogenesis in these cell types in adulthood), nearly half of RFP-positive intestinal L cells were replaced with RFP-negative L cells over the first 2 weeks after tamoxifen administration. Heterozygous Gcg CreERT2/w mice showed reduced Gcg mRNA levels in islets, but maintained normal levels of pancreatic and plasma glucagon. The mice did not exhibit any detectable baseline physiological abnormalities, at least in young adulthood. The newly developed Gcg CreERT2 knockin mouse shows faithful expression of CreERT2 in pancreatic alpha cells, intestinal L cells and GLP-1-producing neurons. This mouse line will be particularly useful for manipulating genes in alpha cells, due to highly specific and efficient CreERT2-mediated recombination in this cell type in the pancreas.
An Instrument for Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy at 87 MHz

We describe an instrument for high-repetition rate time-resolved XUV photo-electron spectroscopy, based on cavity-enhanced high-order harmonic generation. This system enables ultrafast surface photoemission studies without space-charge constraints.
Compound-nucleus contributions to Li 6 + 12 C scattering

Statistical compound-nucleus contributions to enhanced back-angle cross sections for $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ + $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ elastic scattering and for inelastic scattering to the channels, $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$(${3}^{+}$, 2.18 MeV) + $^{12}\mathrm{C}$(g.s.) and $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$(g.s.) + $^{12}\mathrm{C}$(${2}^{+}$, 4.44 MeV), are studied. Differential cross sections and vector analyzing powers in the range ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}130\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--165\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} have been measured at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}$ = 20 MeV by detecting recoil $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ nuclei from $^{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$ elastic scattering and inelastic scattering to the $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$(${3}^{+}$, 2.18 MeV) state. Adding a statistical compound-nucleus contribution is shown in general to reduce the magnitude, and to leave unaffected the sign, of theoretical calculations of vector analyzing powers. Analysis, including Hauser-Feshbach calculations, of the above data along with previous data indicates that compound-nucleus contributions are unimportant in the elastic and inelastic $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$(2.18 MeV) scattering channels, and are insufficient to resolve discrepancies between current coupled-channels calculations and large-angle data for inelastic $^{12}\mathrm{C}$(4.44 MeV) scattering. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
L’analyse histologique du sinus pilonidal a-t-elle un intérêt ? Analyse rétrospective de 731 exérèses

Resume Introduction Le sinus pilonidal (SP) est une pathologie frequente. Son traitement consiste en une exerese chirurgicale de celui-ci. De nombreux chirurgiens continuent a envoyer de maniere systematique ce SP en analyse histologique. L’objectif de notre etude retrospective a ete d’evaluer l’interet de cette analyse histologique systematique. Methodes L’analyse retrospective des patients operes d’une exerese de SP a ete faite entre le 01 janvier 2006 et le 31 decembre 2014. Les criteres d’evaluation etaient la presence d’une pathologie maligne sur la piece operatoire, les marges de resection par rapport au temps de cicatrisation de la plaie et le taux de recidive. Resultats Sept cent trente et un patients ont ete analyses. Il n’existait aucune lesion maligne. Pour 323 patients l’analyse histologique ne decrivait pas les marges de resection. Deux cent quatre-vingt-cinq patients avaient une resection complete et 38 etaient incompletes. Vingt-quatre patients ont presente une recidive (7 %). Il n’existait pas de difference significative entre ceux ayant eu une resection complete et incomplete. La duree de cicatrisation etait de 61 jours. Conclusion Nous ne recommandons pas l’envoi de la piece operatoire en analyse histologique de maniere systematique.
Construct validity of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in individuals with stroke.

OBJECTIVE The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox (NIHTB) for the Assessment of Behavior and Neurological Function Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) provides a brief assessment (approximately 30 min) of key components of cognition. This article examines construct validity to support the clinical utility of the NIHTB-CB in individuals with stroke. RESEARCH METHOD A total of 131 individuals with stroke (n = 71 mild stroke; n = 60 moderate/severe stroke) completed the NIHTB-CB. Univariate analyses were conducted to examine the cognitive profiles of the two different stroke groups (mild vs. moderate/severe stroke) on NIHTB-CB measures and composite scores. Pearson correlations were conducted between NIHTB-CB and established measures to examine convergent and discriminant validity. Effect sizes and clinical impairment rates for the different NIHTB-CB measures and composite scores were also examined. RESULTS Participants experiencing moderate to severe stroke had poorer performance than did individuals with mild stroke on several of the NIHTB cognition measures. Evidence of convergent validity was provided by moderate to strong correlations between the NIHTB measures and the corresponding standard neuropsychological test (Pearson rs ranged from 0.31 to 0.88; median = .60). Evidence of discriminant validity was provided by smaller correlations between different cognitive domains than correlations of measures within the same domain. Effect sizes for composite and subtest scores regarding stroke severity were generally moderate-to-large. In addition, 42% of the sample were exhibiting mild cognitive impairment (i.e., ≥2 low scores on fluid tests). CONCLUSIONS Findings provide support for the construct validity of the NIHTB-CB in individuals with stroke. (PsycINFO Database Record
Using Images With Individuals With Aphasia: Current Research and Clinical Trends

Purpose Visuographic supports in the form of images are utilized during assessment and treatment for individuals with aphasia to supplement speech, language, and cognitive losses limiting communica...
Quantitative proteomics of acutely-isolated mouse microglia identifies novel immune Alzheimer's disease-related proteins.

Microglia are innate immune cells of the brain that perform phagocytic and inflammatory functions in disease conditions. Transcriptomic studies of acutely-isolated microglia have provided novel insights into their molecular and functional diversity in homeostatic and neurodegenerative disease states. State-of-the-art mass spectrometry methods can comprehensively characterize proteomic alterations in microglia in neurodegenerative disorders, potentially providing novel functionally relevant molecular insights that are not provided by transcriptomics. However, comprehensive proteomic profiling of adult primary microglia in neurodegenerative disease conditions has not been performed. We performed quantitative mass spectrometry based proteomic analyses of purified CD11b+ acutely-isolated microglia from adult (6 mo) mice in normal, acute neuroinflammatory (LPS-treatment) and chronic neurodegenerative states (5xFAD model of Alzheimer’s disease [AD]). Differential expression analyses were performed to characterize specific microglial proteomic changes in 5xFAD mice and identify overlap with LPS-induced pro-inflammatory changes. Our results were also contrasted with existing proteomic data from wild-type mouse microglia and from existing microglial transcriptomic data from wild-type and 5xFAD mice. Neuropathological validation studies of select proteins were performed in human AD and 5xFAD brains. Of 4133 proteins identified, 187 microglial proteins were differentially expressed in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD pathology, including proteins with previously known (Apoe, Clu and Htra1) as well as previously unreported relevance to AD biology (Cotl1 and Hexb). Proteins upregulated in 5xFAD microglia shared significant overlap with pro-inflammatory changes observed in LPS-treated mice. Several proteins increased in human AD brain were also upregulated by 5xFAD microglia (Aβ peptide, Apoe, Htra1, Cotl1 and Clu). Cotl1 was identified as a novel microglia-specific marker with increased expression and strong association with AD neuropathology. Apoe protein was also detected within plaque-associated microglia in which Apoe and Aβ were highly co-localized, suggesting a role for Apoe in phagocytic clearance of Aβ. We report a comprehensive proteomic study of adult mouse microglia derived from acute neuroinflammation and AD models, representing a valuable resource to the neuroscience research community. We highlight shared and unique microglial proteomic changes in acute neuroinflammation aging and AD mouse models and identify novel roles for microglial proteins in human neurodegeneration.
Psychomotor Mobility and the Elderly Driver

In summary, declines in motor ability and reaction time are noted with aging, although the effect of these changes on actual driving performance needs further elucidation. It may be possible to compensate partially for some of these declines through physical and behavioral training. Attention to the physical, cognitive, and sensory capacities of older individuals in the design of vehicles and roadways also may be beneficial. Considerable work still needs to be done to adequately assess the changes that occur with aging in driving ability, what factors influence these changes and their potential modification, as well as the costs of any interventions planned. Language: en
Chukwa: a system for reliable large-scale log collection

Large Internet services companies like Google, Yahoo, and Facebook use the MapReduce programming model to process log data. MapReduce is designed to work on data stored in a distributed filesystem like Hadoop's HDFS. As a result, a number of log collection systems have been built to copy data into HDFS. These systems often lack a unified approach to failure handling, with errors being handled separately by each piece of the collection, transport and processing pipeline. We argue for a unified approach, instead. We present a system, called Chukwa, that embodies this approach. Chukwa uses an end-to-end delivery model that can leverage local on-disk log files for reliability. This approach also eases integration with legacy systems. This architecture offers a choice of delivery models, making subsets of the collected data available promptly for clients that require it, while reliably storing a copy in HDFS. We demonstrate that our system works correctly on a 200-node testbed and can collect in excess of 200 MB/sec of log data. We supplement these measurements with a set of case studies describing real-world operational experience at several sites.
Packing spheres and fractal Strichartz estimates in R^d for d>or=3

We prove an estimate for the spherical average operator in R d if d > 3. This leads to a lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension of unions of certain collections of spheres and to a Strichartz-type estimate for solutions of the wave equation.
Lengthening Gastroplasty for Managing GERD and Giant Paraesophageal Hernia

Hiatal hernias result from a multifactorial combination of the failure of diaphragmatic integrity, degeneration of the phrenoesophageal suspensory ligament, and the normal pressure differential between the thorax and abdomen; some combination of these factors results in the cephalad migration of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and the anatomic shortening of the esophagus. These changes are often combined with some degree of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). GER can lead to chronic esophageal irritation and damage, with resulting thickening of the mucosal layers, sometimes development of intestinal type columnar epithelium, and progressive fibrosis and damage of the muscularis mucosa. In especially severe and chronic cases there can even be transmural changes in the mediastinum with hypervascularity and thickening of the normally pliable areolar tissues. These factors can lead to loss of the usual elasticity of the esophagus as well as causing it to be more fixed within the mediastinum. When this process is combined with hiatal herniation (or perhaps even partially causing such migration?) it can lead to not only anatomic shortening of the esophagus but also non-reversible shortening of the esophagus, which can make it impossible to replace the GEJ into the abdominal during anti-reflux surgery or paraesophageal hernia (PEH) repair.
Cognition, Instruction, Development, and Individual Differences

The purpose of this paper is to address four questions in the areas of cognition, instruction, development, and individual differences. The questions are the following: 1. What states of knowledge underlie different levels of task performance? 2. What are the alternative strategies that might result in any given level of task performance? 3. For a particular level of performance, what is the optimal level of difficulty for an instructional sequence? 4. When and why will two learners at the same initial performance level learn differently from the same instructional sequence?
The dysregulation profile in preschoolers with and without a family history of autism spectrum disorder.

Background The 'dysregulation profile' (DP) is a measure of emotional and behavioral dysregulation that may cut across diagnostic boundaries. Siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who do not develop ASD themselves are at risk for atypical outcomes including behavioral challenges and therefore may be a useful population in which to investigate the structure of the DP in preschoolers. Methods We sought to examine the factor structure and predictors of the DP in a sample enriched for a wide range of phenotypic variation-36-month-olds with and without family histories of ASD-and to determine whether children with genetic liability for ASD are at risk for a phenotype characterized by elevated dysregulation. Data were collected from 415 children with (n = 253) and without (n = 162) an older sibling with ASD, all without ASD themselves, at 18, 24, and 36 months of age. Results Our findings replicate prior reports, conducted in predominantly clinically referred and older samples, supporting the superiority of a bifactor model of the DP in the preschool period compared to the second-order and one-factor models. Examiner ratings were longitudinally and concurrently associated with the DP at 36 months of age. Family history of ASD was associated with higher dysregulation in the Anxious/Depressed dimension. Conclusions These findings support the relevance of examining the structure of psychopathology in preschoolers and suggest that examiner observations as early as 18 months of age, particularly of overactivity, may help identify risk for later DP-related concerns. Non-ASD preschoolers with family histories of ASD may be at risk for a phenotype characterized by elevated dysregulation particularly in the Anxious/Depressed dimension by age 3.
Gibbs/MCMC Sampling for Multiple RNA Interaction with Sub-Optimal Solutions

Multiple RNA interaction can be modeled as a problem in combinatorial optimization, where the “optimal” structure is driven by an energy-minimization-like algorithm. However, the actual structure may not be optimal in this computational sense. Moreover, it is not necessarily unique. Therefore, alternative sub-optimal solutions are needed to cover the biological ground. We present a combinatorial formulation for the Multiple RNA Interaction problem with approximation algorithms to handle various interaction patterns, which when combined with Gibbs sampling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), can efficiently generate a reasonable number of optimal and sub-optimal solutions. When viable structures are far from an optimal solution, exploring dependence among different parts of the interaction can increase their score and boost their candidacy for the sampling algorithm. By clustering the solutions, we identify a few representatives that are distinct enough to suggest possible alternative structures.
Phase relationships in the iron-rich Fe-Cr-Ni-C system at solidification temperatures

The phase relationships between the liquid phase and the primary solid phases were investigated in the iron-rich comer of the Fe-Cr-Ni-C system as part of a larger study of the Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni-C system. The investigation consisted of measurements of tie-lines for the liquid-delta (bcc) and the liquid-gamma (fcc) equilibria in the iron-rich corner of the Gibbs tetrahedron bounded by 0 to 25 wt Pct Cr, 0 to 25 wt Pct Ni, and 1.2 wt Pct C (bal. Fe). The temperature ranged from 1811 to 1750 K. Compositions for the tie-lines were obtained from liquid-solid equilibrium couples and the temperatures of the equilibrium, by differential thermal analysis (DTA). A mathematical procedure was employed on the experimental data to obtain parameters for a thermodynamic model of the alloy system. This involved minimization of an error function. The details of this analysis are discussed fully in this paper. Calculations by the model employing the “best-set” parameters are in good agreement with the experimental results. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated by calculation of the three-phase equilibrium in the quaternary system as a function of temperature.
Fever Unmasked Brugada Syndrome in Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.

Author(s): Mirzapolos, Orhay; Marshall, Perry; Brill, April | Abstract: Introduction: Brugada syndrome is an arrhythmogenic disorder that is a known cause of sudden cardiac death. It is characterized by a pattern of ST segment elevation in the precordial leads on an electrocardiogram (EKG) due to a sodium channelopathy.Case Report: This case report highlights the case of a five-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with a febrile viral illness and had an EKG consistent with Brugada syndrome.Discussion: Fever is known to accentuate or unmask EKG changes associated with Brugada due to temperature sensitivity of the sodium channels.Conclusion: Febrile patients with Brugada are at particular risk for fatal ventricular arrhythmias and fevers should be treated aggressively by the emergency medicine provider. Emergency medicine providers should also consider admitting febrile patients with Brugada syndrome who do not have an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for cardiac monitoring.
Apolipoprotein ɛ4 Allele and Subjective Cognitive Functioning in Parents of Adults With Disabilities.

Objectives Parents of individuals with disabilities face ongoing responsibilities of providing care and support for their children, even during the child's adulthood. Past research has shown that this caregiving role is linked to chronic stress and subsequent adverse health outcomes for parents, including impaired cognition. This study examines the impacts of genetic risk for cognitive impairment (apolipoprotein [APOE] ɛ4 allele) among parents of adults with disabilities and comparison parents whose adult children do not have disabilities. Method We performed rank order regression analysis of data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (2004-2006 and 2010-2012 surveys and DNA samples). Participants included parents of adults with disabilities (247 mothers and 159 fathers) and comparison parents whose adult children were not disabled (1,482 mothers and 954 fathers). Results Mothers who had adult children with disabilities and who were APOE ɛ4 carriers reported significantly declining levels of subjective cognitive functioning over time, but mothers of adults with disabilities who did not have the APOE ɛ4 allele did not manifest this change. Among comparison group mothers, cognitive change over time was not a function of their APOE ɛ4 carrier status. Fathers' cognitive function did not differ significantly by either parental status or APOE ɛ4 carrier status. Discussion The results show that older mothers of adults with disabilities are more susceptible to cognitive impairment than their age peers if they have the genetic risk factor of APOE ɛ4 allele.
Appliqué: A Computationally Efficient Modeling Tool For Multi-Layer Printed Inductors, For Near Field Wireless Power Transfer Applications

This paper presents Applique, a computationally efficient open source environment for wireless power transfer coil design. The system allows designers to rapidly design and simulate coils. Applique extracts coil parameters and backannotates the extracted values into a SPICE netlist model of the wireless power transfer coil. Applique then automatically executes SPICE and combines extracted inductances, capacitances, and resistances to provide the user with narrow or wideband impedance analysis, as well as component values for a functionally meaningful simplified circuit model. Final designs may then be exported to common PCB CAD software.