cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In-field fuel use and load states of agricultural field machinery

Based on the CAN data, tractor states were divided in to distinct load states.NH3 application and field cultivation had three distinct tractor states.Planting operation was found to have two distinct tractor states.Specific power (kWtool-1 or kWrow-1) required by field operations were determined. The ability to define in-field tractor load states offers the potential to better specify and characterize fuel consumption rate for various field operations. For the same field operation, the tractor experiences diverse load demands and corresponding fuel use rates as it maneuvers through straight passes, turns, suspended operation for adjustments, repair and maintenance, and biomass or other material transfer operations. It is challenging to determine the actual fuel rate and load states of agricultural machinery using force prediction models, and hence, some form of in-field data acquisition capability is required. Controller Area Networks (CAN) available on the current model tractors provide engine performance data which can be used to determine tractor load states in field conditions. In this study, CAN message data containing fuel rate, engine speed and percent torque were logged from the tractor's diagnostic port during anhydrous NH3 application, field cultivation and planting operations. Time series and frequency plots of fuel rate and percent torque were generated to evaluate tractor load states. Based on the percent torque, engine speed and rated engine power, actual load on the tractor was calculated in each tractor load state. Anhydrous NH3 application and field cultivation were characterized by three distinct tractor load states (TS-I, TS-II and TS-III) corresponding to idle states, parallel and headland passes, and turns, whereas corn planting was characterized by two load states (TS-I and TS-II): idle, and a combined state with parallel, headland passes and turns. For anhydrous NH3 application and field cultivation at ground speeds of 7.64kmh-1 and 8.68kmh-1, average tractor load per tool and fuel use rate per tool of the implement were found to be 7.21kWtool-1, 3.28Lh-1tool-1, and 1.31kWtool-1, 0.64Lh-1tool-1, respectively. For planting, average tractor load per row and fuel use rate per row were found to be 4.65kWrow-1 and 1.70Lh-1row-1 at a ground speed of 7.04kmh-1.
The Infrared Spectra of Buried Acetate and Rayon Fibers

Textile fibers are frequently found as trace evidence in criminal investigations. The term “trace evidence” refers to any microscopic or sub-microscopic evidence that may be exchanged between the scene of a crime and its perpetrator (DeForest et al., 1983). In addition to textile fibers, trace evidence may include glass, soil, human and animal hair, paint chips and smears and bits of plastic. Such evidence may be very important in identifying the perpetrator of a crime or in reconstructing the crime.
The Instrumental and Constitutive Rhetoric of Martin Luther King Jr. and Frederick Douglass

This study of the instrumental and constitutive rhetoric of Martin Luther King Jr.9s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” (1963) and Frederick Douglass9s “Introduction” to The Reason Why the Colored American is not in the World9s Columbian Exposition: The Afro-American9s Contribution to Columbian Literature (1893) explores both the striking similarities between the rhetorical characteristics of the texts and their contrasting receptions. Whereas King9s “Letter” took advantage of the powerful zeitgeist of the Civil Rights Movement, Douglass9s “Introduction” was stymied by the oppressive climate of the late-nineteenth century, including the conservative self-help movement that dominated African American9s responses to discrimination and opportunity.
Cationic ruthenium alkylidene catalysts bearing phosphine ligands.

The discovery of highly active catalysts and the success of ionic liquid immobilized systems have accelerated attention to a new class of cationic metathesis catalysts. We herein report the facile syntheses of cationic ruthenium catalysts bearing bulky phosphine ligands. Simple ligand exchange using silver(I) salts of non-coordinating or weakly coordinating anions provided either PPh3 or chelating Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 (n = 2 or 3) ligated cationic catalysts. The structures of these newly reported catalysts feature unique geometries caused by ligation of the bulky phosphine ligands. Their activities and selectivities in standard metathesis reactions were also investigated. These cationic ruthenium alkylidene catalysts reported here showed moderate activity and very similar stereoselectivity when compared to the second generation ruthenium dichloride catalyst in ring-closing metathesis, cross metathesis, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization assays.
Abstract 230: Gender Differences in the Development of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension and Associated Right Ventricular Remodeling: The Role of Estrogen Rescue

17-beta estradiol or Estrogen (E2) pre-treatment has been shown to attenuate the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here, we aim to investigate the gender differences and the effect of ovariectomy on the development of experimental PH and adverse right ventricular (RV) remodeling. We also evaluate the therapeutic potential of E2 in rescuing PH and adverse RV remodelling in male and female rats. Male and female (intact and ovariectomized (OVX)) rats were treated with a single injection of monocrotaline (MCT, 60mg/kg, s.c.) to induce PH. Twenty one days after MCT, rats developed severe PH. At this point, one set of rats from each group was left untreated to develop PH-induced right ventricular failure (RVF), whereas the other set received E2 (42.5 ug/kg/day, 10-day slow release s.c. pellets). E2-treated rats were observed for an additional 12 days after cessation of therapy to check whether the effects of therapy were long-lived. Saline treated rats served as control (CTRL). Serial echocardiography was performed to monitor cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. Direct RV catheterization was terminally performed to record RV peak systolic pressure (RVPSP). The expression of novel extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymes A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM15 and 17) and Osteopontin (OPN) were assessed by RT-PCR. Intact females developed less severe PH than males and OVX females at day 30 (RVPSP: Females=62±3, Males=74±3, OVX=77±3 mm Hg, p
Latin@ Immobilities and Altermobilities Within the U.S. Deportability Regime

In this article, we explore how racialized constructions of a “Latin@ threat” serve as ideological underpinning for the practices of the U.S. deportability regime and also fuel broader practices of...
Chapter Four – Introduction to Classical Mechanics

The mechanics of materials is the study of a material's response to a physical stressor. This chapter will provide an overview of experimental mechanics of materials by examining the differences between structural and mechanical properties, and defining key parameters used to describe the results obtained from mechanical testing. Common mechanical tests will be reviewed in conjunction with applications to biological materials and nonbiological materials. General classifications of material deformation and failure are described, and concepts such as viscoelasticity, strain rate, stress relaxation, creep, and hysteresis are introduced, as they are crucial to understand and consider when characterizing biological materials. The testing methods described in this chapter pertain specifically to simple materials and require adaptation to reliably characterize more complex systems such as the pelvic floor and surrounding organs.
Kinetics of sodium D-glucose cotransport in bovine intestinal brush border vesicles.

Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) purified from steer jejunum were used to study the kinetics of sodiumd-glucose cotransport under voltage clamped, zero-trans conditions. When the initial rate of glucose transport (J gluc) was measured over a wide range of glucose concentrations ([S]=0.01–20mm), curvature of the Woolf-Augustinsson-Hofstee plots was seen, compatible with a diffusional and one major, high capacity (maximal transport rateJ max=5.8–8.8 nmol/mg·min) saturable system. Further studies indicated that changes incis [Na] altered theK t , but not theJ max, suggesting the presence of a rapid-equilibrium, ordered bireactant system with sodium adding first.Trans sodium inhibitedJ gluc hyperbolically. KCl-valinomycin diffusion potentials, inner membrane face positive, loweredJ gluc, while potentials of the opposite polarity raiseJ gluc. At low glucose concentrations ([S]<0.05mm), a second, minor, high affinity transport system was indicated. Further evidence for this second saturable system was provided by sodium activation curves, which were hyperbolic when [S]=0.5mm, but were sigmoidal when [S]=.0.01mm. Simultaneous fluxes of22Na and [3H]glucose at 1mm glucose and 30mm NaCl yielded a cotransport-dependent flux ratio of 2∶1 sodium/glucose, suggestive of 1∶1 (Na/glucose) high capacity, low affinity system and a ∼3∶1 (Na/glucose) high affinity, low capacity system. Kinetic experiments with rabbit jejunal brush borders revealed two major Na-dependent saturable systems. Extravesicular (cis) Na changed theK t , but not theJ max of the major system.
Convergence Assessment of General Fluid Equations on Unstructured Hybrid Grids

A general finite volume formulation for arbitrary fluids on generalized grids is presented and solved by implicit methods. Primary focus is on a line GaussSeidel method modified for unstructured grids, and a GMRES method. The effects of grid aspect ratio and control volume shape on convergence rates are addressed parametrically by means of simple problems. An effort is made to define an appropriate Courant number that allows various problems and various flow regimes to converge at near-optimum speeds for a single CFL value. Results show that both the LGS and GMRES methods give excellent aspect-ratio-independent convergence for rectangles, and good convergence for triangles. Results for hexahedrons are likewise good while for tetrahedrons or prisms much wider variations in convergence rates remain. Gauss-Seidel and LU methods are very effective for isotropic grids but slow dramatically as grid aspect ratios are increased. Representative applications of the modified LGS method to flows past airfoils on hybrid grids show excellent convergence for high and low Reynolds numbers and for subsonic and transonic Mach numbers.
Current options for transfusion-related acute lung injury risk mitigation in platelet transfusions.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The approach to transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) risk mitigation in the United States has evolved over the past decade. Currently, AABB Standards require that all plasma and whole blood for direct transfusion must be collected from men, women who have not been pregnant, or women who have tested negative for human leukocyte antigen antibodies since their most recent pregnancy. These requirements must be expanded to include apheresis platelets by October 2016.The current review briefly summarizes current understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of TRALI, reviews ongoing efforts to mitigate TRALI risk specifically for platelets in the United States, and explores additional options that may further reduce risk. RECENT FINDINGS Current data indicate that TRALI mitigation efforts have been successful at reducing risk from plasma. This implies that expansion of the requirements to include apheresis platelets should further decrease TRALI risk. Additional options currently available for apheresis platelets include plasma replacement with platelet additive solution, washing, and volume reduction. However, there are insufficient data to support the adoption of any of these strategies once existing TRALI mitigation strategies are fully implemented. SUMMARY Substantial progress has been made in reducing risk for antibody-mediated TRALI in plasma. The upcoming expansion of existing strategies for plasma mitigation to include apheresis platelets is expected to further decrease risk.
Radiologic Notes in Cardiology Obscuration of the Aortic Knob in Coarctation of the Aorta

The anatomic hallmark of a double-outlet right ventricle is the separation of the mitral and aortic valves by a band of myocardium. The two valves remain in contact with each other in tetralogy of Fallot no matter how far anteriorly the aorta is displaced. The mitral-aortic relationship can usually be well demonstrated in both anomalies by selective right ventricular angiocardiography.
A measurement of the flux, angular distribution and energy spectra of cosmic ray induced neutrons at fission energies

When searching for SNM simply designing a better detector to optimize the signal S from the source is not enough. It is important to know the background B to maximize S/N, where N is the noise in B. Cosmic rays are a dominant source of neutron background. It is therefore important to know their flux, angular and energy distribution. Over the last 50 years work has been done to study cosmic ray neutrons and their variation. The full hemispherical neutron flux is usually quoted at a certain altitude (e.g. Altitude = 0 meters above sea level, pressure = 1033 g/cm2) and geomagnetic rigidity (e.g. GMR = 1.2GV). Neutron fluxes at other locations are scaled from the sea level data using a well determined prescription. However, there is a lack in knowledge of the angular dependence of the neutron flux at sea level. The angular dependence is important for two reasons; first many detectors have an efficiency that changes with the direction of the incident neutron. Second none of the measurements to date have determined how the flux changes with angle, their data must be modeled to estimate the full hemispherical flux. In this paper we present the cosmic neutron background flux measured by a neutron scatter camera in the energy range 0.2-10MeV. Our measurements are in agreement with the best fit to past data. We present for the 1st time the neutron zenith angle dependence at fission energies which is observed to be a function of the form cos2.7thetas.
Plenary: Nonparametric hypothesis testing for a spatial signal

Summary form only given. Nonparametric hypothesis testing for a spatial signal can involve a large number of hypotheses. For instance, two satellite images of the same scene, taken before and after an event, could be used to test a hypothesis that the event has no environmental impact. This is equivalent to testing that the mean difference of "after-before" is zero at each of the (typically thousands of) pixels that make up the scene. In such a situation, conventional testing procedures that control the overall Type I error deteriorate as the number of hypotheses increase. Powerful testing procedures are needed for this problem of testing for the presence of a spatial signal. In this talk, we propose a procedure called enhanced FDR (EFDR), which is based on controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) and a concept known as generalized degrees of freedom (GDF). EFDR differs from the standard FDR procedure through its reducing of the number of hypotheses tested. This is done in two ways: first, the model is represented more parsimoniously in the wavelet domain, and second, an optimal selection of hypotheses is made using a criterion based on generalized degrees of freedom. Not only does the EFDR procedure tell us whether a spatial signal is present or not, it has an added bonus that, if a signal is deemed present, it can indicate its location and magnitude. The EFDR procedure is applied to an airtemperature data set generated from the climate system model (CSM) of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and to brain-imaging data from fMRI experiments.
Early Fludarabine Treatment of TCL-1 Transgenic Mice Promotes Drug Resistance through a Mechanism Not Involving p53 Mutations: Implications for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).

Initial therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) typically includes nucleoside analogs such as fludarabine. Mutations of p53 are uncommon in CLL patients at diagnosis, but are found at increased frequency in patients with prior treatment and are often associated with resistance to standard therapies including fludarabine. The causality of fludarabine treatment to p53 mutation has not been clearly defined. In previous work with the TCL-1 model of CLL, we demonstrated that mice with active leukemia do not have p53 mutations and respond to fludarabine therapy with a modest survival advantage (Johnson et al, Blood108:1334, 2006). We therefore initiated a randomized trial of fludarabine treatment (34mg/kg daily intraperitoneal injection for five days every 28 days) versus observation (treatment with volume-matched vehicle controls on the same dosing schedule) in TCL-1 transgenic mice prior to the onset of leukemia. The goals of this study were to determine if early treatment with fludarabine would 1) delay disease onset; 2) eventually yield a fludarabine-resistant phenotype; or 3) promote development of p53 mutations in mice developing progressive leukemia. Transgenic TCL-1 mice between the ages of eight and 12 weeks were continually treated with fludarabine (n=32) or saline (n=45) until death while being screened monthly for disease progression through changes in WBC count by peripheral blood differentiation smear, lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry, and nodal and spleen exams. Despite continued treatment with fludarabine, drug resistance as manifested by leukemia and eventual death occurred. Median time to leukemia onset was 308 days (95% CI: 224, ∞) in the fludarabine group and 338 days (95% CI: 252, ∞) in the saline group. Thus, the risk of developing leukemia was not significantly different between the two groups. Of interest, p53 mutations in exons 2–11 were not found in either group (n=10 each) at the time of death. Microarray studies are currently underway to discover other genes differentially expressed between treated and untreated mice that might contribute to fludarabine resistance and will be presented. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that early fludarabine treatment in the TCL-1 transgenic model of CLL does not prevent onset of leukemia, but instead results in disease resistant to fludarabine. The source of fludarabine resistance in this mouse model was not through acquisition of p53 mutations, but rather an alternative unidentified mechanism(s).
Characterization of glomerular extracellular matrix by proteomic analysis of laser-captured microdissected glomeruli

Abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is a prominent feature of many glomerular diseases and is a final common pathway of glomerular injury. However, changes in ECM composition accompanying disease-related remodeling are unknown. The physical properties of ECM create challenges for characterization of composition using standard protein extraction techniques, as the insoluble components of ECM are frequently discarded and many ECM proteins are in low abundance compared to other cell proteins. Prior proteomic studies defining normal ECM composition used a large number of glomeruli isolated from human kidneys retrieved for transplantation or by nephrectomy for cancer. Here we examined the ability to identify ECM proteins by mass spectrometry using glomerular sections compatible with those available from standard renal biopsy specimens. Proteins were classified as ECM by comparison to the Matrisome database and previously identified glomerular ECM proteins. Optimal ECM protein identification resulted from sequential decellularization and protein extraction of 100 human glomerular sections isolated by laser capture microdissection from either frozen or formalin–fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. In total, 147 ECM proteins were identified, including the majority of structural and GBM proteins previously identified along with a number of matrix and glomerular basement membrane proteins not previously associated with glomeruli. Thus, our study demonstrates the feasibility of proteomic analysis of glomerular ECM from retrieved glomerular sections isolated from renal biopsy tissue and expands the list of known ECM proteins in glomeruli.
Beyond these walls: Can psychosocial clubhouses promote the social integration of adults with serious mental illness in the community?

Objective The study examined factors associated with community integration experiences of adults with serious mental illness who were members of psychosocial rehabilitation clubhouses in New York City. Method Ninety-two clubhouse members completed an online survey. The study examined relative contribution of adults' reports of individual factors (self-reported psychiatric symptoms, self-esteem), community supports (self-reported employment status and perceived family support), and the clubhouse environment (self-reported time spent in the clubhouse, clubhouse supportiveness, and practical orientation) in accounting for variation in members' reports of social integration within the clubhouse and within the larger community. Results Hierarchical linear regression results suggest a differential pattern of variables associated with participants' experience of social integration within the clubhouse versus outside the clubhouse with the larger non-mental-health consumers. Adults' reports of more time spent in the clubhouse and perceptions of clubhouse environment as having a more practical orientation were associated with adults' reports of greater social integration within the clubhouse. In contrast, greater self-esteem and being independently employed were associated with greater social integration outside the clubhouse. Perceived family support was associated with higher levels of social integration both within and outside the clubhouse setting. Conclusion and Implication for Practice: Greater social integration of clubhouse members both in and outside the clubhouse environment is essential in understanding community integration. Recommendations for the clubhouse model to improve community integration experiences of its members are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Antidiarrheal Drug Therapy

Acute diarrhea often runs a self-limited course and little by way of treatment is needed except for oral rehydration therapy. Chronic diarrhea poses a longer-term problem. If not treatable with specific therapy aimed at the underlying pathophysiology, chronic diarrhea often needs long-term symptomatic therapy. This paper aims to examine the options for symptomatic, nonspecific treatment of diarrhea. The most frequently used therapies are opiate antidiarrheal drugs. These drugs are effective for a wide variety of diarrheal conditions and generally can be used safely if monitored closely. They work by slowing motility and allowing more time for absorption. They vary in potency and in addictive liability. In recent years, a variety of other drugs have been developed, which provide more targeted therapy that can mitigate diarrhea in specific situations. These drugs work on other regulatory pathways in the gut or on mucosal absorptive mechanisms. There is evidence for efficacy for both traditional and newer agents used for the symptomatic management of diarrhea. Opiates are used most often for this indication. Other agents may benefit individuals, but further research is needed to establish indications and best practices.
Language, social cognition, maladaptive behavior, and communication in down syndrome and fragile X syndrome

Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome are the two most common genetic causes of mental retardation (Dykens, Hodapp, & Finucane, 2000). Each syndrome is associated with pervasive impairments in many domains of psychological and behavioral functioning (Chapman & Hesketh, 2000; Hagerman, 1999; Mazzocco, 2000; Rozien, 1997). The program of research described in this chapter is designed to further specify the similarities and differences in the behavioral phenotypes of the two syndromes, with special attention given to language learning and use and the domains of functioning that support language (e.g., cognition, theory of mind). Such cross-syndrome comparisons provide clinically useful information about areas of relative strength and weakness and, thus, the appropriateness of syndrome-specific programs of assessment and intervention. These comparisons also can be theoretically interesting because they help to specify the behavioral consequences of particular genetic variations. They also help to identify relationships between the various dimensions of language learning and use and other dimensions of psychological and behavioral functioning. In this chapter, we present some of our preliminary findings and discuss some of their implications for theory and practice. We also discuss some of the strengths and limitations of the approach we have taken.
Passivity-Based Nonlinear Observer for Lateral Control of Tractor-Trailer Vehicles in Automated Highway Systems 1

Abstract A nonlinear observer is proposed to estimate vehicle lateral velocity and yaw rates for lateral motion control of tractor-trailer vehicles in automated highway systems. The design of this observer is based on the passivity and damping properties inherent in vehicle systems. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this nonlinear observer.
Physicians' understanding of CT probabilities in ED patients with acute abdominal pain

Abstract Objective Computerized tomography (CT) is often employed to diagnose or rule out certain suspected abdominal pathologies. The aim of this study is to compare emergency physicians' estimated post-test disease probabilities to the probabilities obtained for similar diagnostic tests as reported in the literature. Methods Physicians were asked to estimate pre and posttest probabilities before and after CT scan results in patients with nontraumatic abdominal and pelvic pain. The actual post-test probability was calculated using published likelihood ratios and compared to physician judgment. Results 210 patient encounters were included. In the negative CT group, physicians' median pre-test probability was 40% with a post-test probability of 0%, while the actual post-test probability is 4.2% (p Conclusions When applying the probability theory of disease, physicians tend to overestimate the power of CT scanning. The difference in physician and actual post-test probabilities may be small or not clinically significant in diseases with good positive and negative likelihood ratios such as in diverticulitis; however, this difference may be large and clinically significant in diseases with poor likelihood ratios such as in post-op abscess.
Clinical Evaluation and Imaging of Lacrimal Drainage Obstruction

Obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system requires careful clinical and sometimes radiographic evaluation to determine the etiology. The site of obstruction, anywhere from the puncta to the nasolacrimal ostium in the inferior nasal meatus must be accurately determined in order to offer appropriate management. Tearing symptoms can also result from, or be exacerbated by, dysfunction of the tear drainage pump mechanism due to eyelid laxity or punctal dystopia. This chapter reviews the various clinical, ultrasound, X-ray, CT, and MRI studies that can help determine the causes of epiphora and guide the clinician toward an appropriate therapeutic plan.
A SMALL ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOR HOME WASTES

ABSTRACT A redesign of the waste handling system of homes, which allows for the recovery of methane rich gas for kitchen use, is presented. The anaerobic digester design can be used with conventional septic or sewage wastewater systems. The gas handling system can be used with current tank gas systems.
Bayesian longitudinal spectral estimation with application to resting-state fMRI data analysis

Abstract The amplitude of the oscillatory patterns present in spontaneous fluctuations of brain signals obtained from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), measured using an index called the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), is a well-known measure of brain activity with potential to serve as a marker for brain dysfunction. With the rise of longitudinal neuroimaging studies, there is a great need for methodologies that take advantage of the longitudinal design in modeling the impact of aging or disease progression. Motivated by the longitudinal design of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), a novel Bayesian longitudinal model is developed in order to estimate the spectra of resting-state fMRI time courses, from which one can extract estimates of fALFF that are potentially associated with aging. The model incorporates within-subject correlation to improve estimates of the spectra, in addition to the variability that naturally arises between subjects. The model is validated using simulated data to show the gains in performance for estimating fALFF by taking advantage of the longitudinal design. Finally, a longitudinal analysis on fALFF from the resting-state fMRI data from ADNI is conducted, where the impact of both Alzheimer’s disease and aging on the spontaneous fluctuations of brain activity is shown.
Workplace telepressure and work-life balance outcomes: The role of work recovery experiences.

Workplace technology has posed some challenges to worker well-being. This research examined how workplace telepressure-a preoccupation and urge to respond quickly to message-based communications-is related to work life balance evaluations, as well as how work recovery experiences might explain this relationship. Using an online survey design, Study 1 (N = 254) and Study 2 (N = 409) demonstrated that employees' workplace telepressure negatively related to satisfaction with work-life balance. Study 1 showed that psychological detachment may explain the relationship between workplace telepressure and satisfaction with work-life balance. In Study 2, psychological detachment and control over leisure time explained the relationship between workplace telepressure and global evaluations of work-life balance (satisfaction and effectiveness). Mastery and control experiences explained the relationship between workplace telepressure and work-family enrichment. Lastly, three recovery mechanisms (detachment, relaxation, and control) explained the link between workplace telepressure and work-family conflict. The evidence suggests that workplace telepressure is negatively associated with various employee evaluations of work-life balance, but the role of recovery experiences may depend on how work-life balance is measured.
Trafficking of a Single Photosensitizing Molecule to Different Intracellular Organelles Demonstrates Effective Hydroxyl Radical-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is often used in preclinical and clinical treatment regimens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photosensitizers (PSs) upon exposure to light induce cell death v...
Harsh Parental Discipline and Delinquency in Mainland China: The Conditional Influences of Gender and Bonding to Paternal Grandparents

This study integrates two lines of research to assess whether and how bonds to paternal grandparents may offset the negative effects of harsh parental discipline and their joint influence on delinq...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with NASH severity and advanced fibrosis.

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 10% of reproductive-aged women, and is marked by irregular menses and high androgens. PCOS is a known risk factor for imaging-confirmed steatosis, and we now aim to evaluate whether PCOS influences histologic severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Retrospective study of women ages 18-45 years with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD between 2008 and 2019. Metabolic comorbidities were captured within 6 months of biopsy. Histologic features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were independently evaluated by two pathologists blinded to PCOS status. RESULTS Among 102 women meeting study criteria, 36% (n = 37) had PCOS; median age was 35 years; 27% were white, 6% black, 19% Asian and 47% reported Hispanic ethnicity. Women with PCOS had higher LDL (122 vs 102 mg/dL, P = .05) and body mass index(BMI) (38 vs 33 kg/cm2 , P < .01). NASH was present in 76% of women with PCOS vs 66% without PCOS (P = .3), and a higher proportion with PCOS had severe ballooning (32% vs 13%, P = .02), presence of any fibrosis (84% vs 66%, P = .06) and advanced fibrosis (16% vs 6%, P = .10). Adjusted for age and BMI, PCOS remained associated with severe hepatocyte ballooning (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.1-10.6, P = .03) and advanced fibrosis (OR 7.1, 95% CI 1.3-39, P = .02). Among women with advanced fibrosis, median age was 5 years younger in those with as compared to those without PCOS (40 vs 45 years, P = .02). CONCLUSION Polycystic ovary syndrome is independently associated with more severe NASH, including advanced fibrosis. Hepatologists should routinely inquire about PCOS in reproductive-aged women with NAFLD, and evaluate for more severe liver disease in this population.
A Solution-Focused Approach to Student Reintegration into the Traditional School Setting after a Disciplinary Alternative School Placement

Students who exhibit behavioral problems may be placed in temporary disciplinary alternative education placements (DAEPs). According to the National Center for Educational Statistics, in the United...
Estimating effect size with respect to variance in baseline to treatment phases of single-case experimental designs: A Bayesian simulation study

The current study examined the relation between the ratio of baseline to treatment sessions and how differences in this ratio can influence estimation of treatment effect size from temporally adjac...
Assembling and validating a heart failure-free cohort from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.

Studies examining incident heart failure (HF) have been limited to select populations. To examine incident HF with broader generalizability, there is need to assemble a HF-free cohort using a geographically-diverse sample. We aimed to develop and validate a simple medication-based strategy for assembling a HF-free cohort from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. We examined REGARDS participants with ≥6 months of Medicare inpatient and outpatient claims data at the time of the baseline in-home study examination. To assemble a HF-free cohort, we identified and excluded participants taking HF-specific medications. To validate this approach, we evaluated event rates among this cohort and assessed diagnostic performance using Medicare claims-based definitions of HF as the referent standard. Among 28,884 eligible participants, 3125 were excluded from the proposed HF-free cohort, leaving a total of 25,759 (89%) participants. Depending on the Medicare definition used as the referent, the negative predictive value of this approach ranged from 95.0–99.2%. Negative predictive value was stable across age, sex, and race strata. The approach to assemble a HF-free cohort in REGARDS can serve as the basis for future studies to examine incident HF in REGARDS and similar studies.
A Case of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Young Male with Full Body Rash as a Presenting Symptom.

Background: In December 2019 the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was identified in Wuhan, China. In the ensuing months, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally and case load is exponentially increasing across the United States. Emergency departments have adopted screening and triage procedures to identify potential cases and isolate them during evaluation.Case Presentation: We describe a case of COVID-19 pneumonia requiring hospitalization that presented with fever and extensive rash as the primary presenting symptoms. Rash has only been rarely reported in COVID-19 patients, and has not been previously described.
Surface Photovoltage Measurement of Perovskite Solar Cells to Screen Carrier Selective Contacts

SPV measurement through the Kelvin probe method is described. Silicon heterojunction structures show the maximum SPV of 700 V. Measurement on perovskite structures, and the results suggest adding BCP with C60 enhances the selectivity of C60 electron contact. Furthermore, PTAA and PTAA/PFN have similar selectivity but NiO x is poorly selective. SPV is an easy way to provide a relative comparison between various cell structures and contact layers to determine the relative extractable $V_{oc}$ and properties of the contact layer (selectivity, passivation) limiting the efficiency.
Notice Risk and Registered Agency

To sue a firm is to sue an artificial person, making the most reliable service method—physically handing papers to the defendant—unusable. This problem illustrates notice risk: if a plaintiff’s service obligations are loose, it is advantaged (because the defendant may never receive notice), whereas if they are strict, the defendant is advantaged (because the plaintiff may struggle to effect service). For litigation involving corporate defendants, civil procedure and corporate law mitigate this problem through a technology for managing notice risk: registered agency. A firm using this technology, because it cannot be served directly, appoints an agent who will accept papers and forward them to management. By serving an intermediary, the plaintiff shifts to the defendant the risk that actual notice fails. Although registered agency was once an innovative solution to corporate-defendant notice risk, this Article scrutinizes it in a contemporary light, using state corporate data to estimate that it imposes more than a quarter-billion dollars each year in avoidable costs on business, public administration, and civil process. To tackle these costs, it proposes model legislation for a less expensive, more reliable notice technology: email.
Mental health and well-being for aging adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic remains a significant mental health crisis. Although empirical research works to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the general population, some groups remain at greater risk for adverse mental health consequences. The purpose of this study is to better understand how COVID-19 experiences, food insecurities, and social support are associated with mental health and well-being for aging populations. Methods Data collection began April 1, 2020 and continued through May 22, 2020. Study participants were recruited via website and media promotion and completed an anonymous survey. A sample of adults age 50 years and older (N = 136) were selected for the current analysis. Measures included scales of anxiety, depression, resilience, quality of life, COVID-19 experiences, interdependence, and insecurities. Three stepwise linear regression models were conducted using forward selection were estimated. Results The first model found food insecurity, community closeness, and COVID-19 experiences predicted 23% of the variance in mental health. The second model found having enough money to meet needs, COVID-19 interdependence, and age predicted 20% of the variance in resilience. The final model found having enough money to meet needs, COVID-19 experiences, community closeness, and information access predicted 45% of the variance in quality of life. Discussion Our discussion highlights the role of COVID-19 experiences, tangible resource losses, and community connection in mental health outcomes for aging populations during COVID-19. We suggest areas of future research and highlight the important role of technology in both scholarship and practice.
Examining Nietzsche’s Epigram: Having a Why Helps You Bear Almost Any How?:

How does having purpose in life help people develop successful routes to achieve their life goals? The authors address this question in the current study by examining the relationships among U.S. c...
Electrochemical microscopy at the nanoscale

Abstract High-resolution scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful technique for studying electrochemical systems and processes at the nanoscale. This chapter describes fundamentals of and recent advances in nanoscale SECM. New opportunities, challenges and limitations arise in SECM experiments when the scanning probe size, separation distance between the tip and substrate, and the probed volume shrink to the nanometer scale. We start with a survey of the methodology developed for fabricating and characterizing ultrasmall nanoelectrode tips that is critical for the progress in nanoscale SECM. The subsequent discussion is focused on applications of nanoSECM experiments reported over the last 10–20 years, including studies of 2D and 3D nanostructured surfaces, electron and ion transfer using nanopipette-based probes, and biological cells.
Philosophy, Neuroscience and Consciousness

Preface and acknowledgements Introduction: problems of consciousness 1. Refection on consciousness before the mid-twentieth century 2. Functional neuroanatomy 3. Primate neuropsychology 4. Human evolution 5. Contemporary neuropsychology 6. Neuropsychology of consciousness 7. Philosophy of mind and consciousness 8. Reduction and non-reduction 9. Emergence 10. Prospects for neural theories of consciousness Notes Bibliography Index
Container-Based Component Deployment: A Case Study.

A component container, similar to those used to host Enterprise Java Beans, is a runtime environment that manages the execution of components. We have previously described the design and implementation of DRSS, a container architecture for Microsoft’s .NET Framework that provides support for dynamic component deployment. In this paper, we examine the deployment models supported by DRSS, and illustrate their principal advantages in the context of a case study. We describe the evolution of a distributed conflict resolution protocol, with an emphasis on evolving network performance, failure-locality, and visualization support.
Influence of phenylalanine analogues upon bacterial accumulation and incorporation of phenylalanine.

Conway, T. W. (The University of Texas, Austin), E. M. Lansford, Jr., and W. Shive. Influence of phenylalanine analogues upon bacterial accumulation and incorporation of phenylalanine. J. Bacteriol. 85:141–149. 1963.—Phenylalanine accumulation and its relation to phenylalanine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material in Escherichia coli 9723 were studied with a variety of structural analogues of phenylalanine. Inhibition of phenylalanine-C14 incorporation was exerted by analogues only when their concentration was sufficient to prevent the formation of 85 to 90% of the accumulated intracellular phenylalanine “pool,” indicating that less than about 15% of the “free amino acid pool” of phenylalanine is essential for maintaining a normal rate of incorporation of phenylalanine into protein. Although certain analogues having high activity in inhibiting accumulation of phenylalanine showed low activity in preventing incorporation, no analogue was found that solely prevented accumulation.
Momentum Strategies and Financial Databases: An Investigation of Intraday Pattern in Price Momentum

How do different databases define a firm? What are the rules for listing/de-listing firms across different databases? In this paper we show that the divergence in the criteria for listing/de-listing firms between the CRSP and TAQ databases is significant enough to impact the magnitude and direction of statistical profits of momentum portfolios. We show that while the standard momentum returns established in the literature can be replicated using CRSP data, TAQ data leads to entirely different results due to listing/de-listing discrepancies. We construct a two-stage filtering process to eliminate new/de-listing discrepancies between CRSP and TAQ to show a convergence in results. We then document that intra-day momentum profits exhibit an inverted U-shape. Given that intra-day stock prices follow a U-shape, we then show that an investor can "time" the market and enhance the profits of momentum portfolios if (s)he buys at noon prices and sells at the close.
Crack interaction and propagation-stability in a thin film/substrate system

Abstract We first investigate the configurational stability of a semi-infinite crack in the substrate of an isotropic, linearly elastic film/substrate system under residual tension in the thin film. The crack runs parallel to the film/substrate interface. The propagation is found to be generally unstable. We further consider the interaction of the crack, under the same loading, either with a crack in the thin film perpendicular to the interface, or with a finite length interface crack. We calculate the stress intensity factors for both cracks, as well as the non-singular T stress for the substrate crack. The path of the substrate crack under the attraction of film cracking or interface debonding is qualitatively studied based on Cotterell-Rice theory. While the interface debonding does not have a great effect on the probable path of the substrate crack, the presence of a perpendicular crack in the thin film leads to three possible paths for the substrate crack. These are discussed.
The prediction of cardiac surgery outcome based upon preoperative psychological factors

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate whether preoperative anxiety and anger were predictive of postoperative outcome in cardiac surgery parients. A standardized scale measuring state and trait anxiety and anger was completed by 94 patients awaiting cardiac surgery. Dependent measures included length of stay, number of complications, and clinical rating of surgical outcome. Higher levels of preoperative state anxiety and anger were associated with poorer postoperative outcome. These results were obtained after adjusting for medical status, surgical procedure, preoperative length of stay, priority of surgery, gender, and age. These relationships suggest a potential role for interventions aimed at altering presurgical psychological states.
Generation of Solution and Surface Gradients Using Microfluidic Systems

This paper describes a simple, versatile method of generating gradients in composition in solution or on surfaces using microfluidic systems. This method is based on controlled diffusive mixing of species in solutions that are flowing laminarly, at low Reynolds number, inside a network of microchannels. We demonstrate the use of this procedure to generate (1) gradients in the compositions of solutions, measured directly by colorimetric assays and (2) gradients in topography of the surfaces produced by generating concentration gradients of etching reagents, and then using these gradients to etch profiles into the substrate. The lateral dimensions of the gradients examined here, which went from 350 to 900 μm, are determined by the width of the microchannels. Gradients of different size, resolution, and shape have been generated using this method. The shape of the gradients can be changed continuously (dynamic gradients) by varying the relative flow velocities of the input streams of fluids. The method is ex...
Two-Detector, 512-Element High Purity Germanium Camera Prototype

A gamma-ray camera consisting of two 3.2×3.2×1-cm3 HPGe detectors has been assembled. Shallow orthogonal grooves define 512 2×2-mm2 elements. Square hole collimators have been fabricated with design parameters that exploit the unique characteristics of the detector. Intrinsic spatial resolution is a square function with 2-mm width, and energy resolution is approximately 2.5% FWHM at 140 keV. Evidently superior images are obtained when this instrument is compared to state-of-the-art scintillation cameras.