cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review: Subclinical Hypothyroidism in the Elderly: To Treat or Not To Treat?

Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) have normal concentrations of thyroid hormone and elevated thyrotropin (TSH) levels. These individuals may experience mild symptoms of hypothyroidism. Such symptoms are nonspecific and also can be associated with aging or nonthyroidal illness. SCH is not uncommon in the elderly, particularly in females with positive thyroid antibodies and in those who have undergone partial thyroidectomy or I131 treatment for Graves’ disease. Patients with SCH with markedly increased TSH levels or high-titer thyroid antibodies are at higher risk of progressing to overt hypothyroidism. Management options include observation only, with long-term follow up, or substitution with thyroid hormone. Replacement will prevent the development of overt hypothyroidism when reliable follow-up cannot be assured and may improve subtle, nonspecific symptoms of thyroid hormone deficiency. If a decision in favor of replacement therapy has been made, the dose of thyroid hormone should be increased gradually with the objective of returning the TSH level to normal without inappropriately elevating the serum thyroxine concentration. The patient should be carefully observed to see if hypothyroid symptoms, mental status or cardiac function improve with therapy. Continued administration of thyroid hormone would serve prophylactic purposes even if improvement did not occur.
Verifiable composition of deterministic grammars

There is an increasing interest in extensible languages,(domain-specific) language extensions, and mechanisms for their specification and implementation. One challenge is to develop tools that allow non-expert programmers to add an eclectic set of language extensions to a host language. We describe mechanisms for composing and analyzing concrete syntax specifications of a host language and extensions to it. These specifications consist of context-free grammars with each terminal symbol mapped to a regular expression, from which a slightly-modified LR parser and context-aware scanner are generated. Traditionally, conflicts are detected when a parser is generated from the composed grammar, but this comes too late since it is the non-expert programmer directing the composition of independently developed extensions with the host language.The primary contribution of this paper is a modular analysis that is performed independently by each extension designer on her extension (composed alone with the host language). If each extension passes this modular analysis, then the language composed later by the programmer will compile with no conflicts or lexical ambiguities. Thus, extension writers can verify that their extension will safely compose with others and, if not, fix the specification so that it will. This is possible due to the context-aware scanner's lexical disambiguation and a set of reasonable restrictions limiting the constructs that can be introduced by an extension. The restrictions ensure that the parse table states can be partitioned so that each state can be attributed to the host language or a single extension.
Inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption: a novel strategy for achieving glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To review the renal handling of glucose and the role of inhibition of a sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT2) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: We review the publ...
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness by Melissa Alexander

Michelle Alexander, a former civil rights attorney with the ACLU and currently an associate law professor at Ohio State University, minces no words in her eye-opening critique of mass incarceration...
Infertility in Females with Cystic Fibrosis Is Multifactorial: Evidence from Mouse Models

Infertility is commonly associated with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although infertility in men with CF has been thoroughly investigated, the infertility observed in women with CF has not been well studied. To investigate female infertility associated with CF, we used two independently derived mouse models of CF. Both of these models displayed decreased fertility characterized by a reduction in litter number and litter size. Our findings suggest that much of the reduced fertility in these mice originates from decreased fertilization due to inadequate sperm transport within the female reproductive tract. However, our data indicate that additional reproductive phenotypes in the CF female mice also contribute to the reduced fertility including small ovarian and uterine size, aberrant estrous cycles, and decreased oocyte ovulation rates. These data, along with previous work demonstrating that the gene mutated in CF, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), is normally expressed in tissues vital to reproduction, raises the possibility that CFTR may have a direct effect on fertility. If so, CFTR may also play an important role in normal female fertility within the general population.
Homeostatic Turnover of Virus-Specific Memory CD8 T Cells Occurs Stochastically and Is Independent of CD4 T Cell Help

Memory CD8 T cells persist by Ag-independent homeostatic proliferation. To examine the dynamics of this cell turnover, we transferred lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific memory CD8 T cells into naive mice and analyzed their in vivo division kinetics longitudinally in individual recipients.Using mathematical modeling, we determined that proliferation of this stably maintained memory CD8 T cell population was homogeneous and stochastic with a small fraction of cells completing division at any given time with an intermitotic interval of 50 d. This homeostatic turnover was comparable between memory CD8 T cells of different viral epitope specificities and also the total memory phenotype (CD44 high ) CD8 T cells. It is well established that CD4 T cell help is critical for maintenance of CD8 T cells during chronic infections, but recent studies have suggested that CD4 T cell help is also required for maintenance of memory CD8 T cells following acute infections. Hence, we assessed the role of CD4 T cells in Ag-independent maintenance of memory CD8 T cells. Consistent with previous reports, we found that memory CD8 T cells declined when transferred into MHC class II-deficient mice. However, their numbers were maintained stably when transferred into CD4 T cell-deficient mice. Interestingly, their homeostatic proliferation, ability to make recall responses, and phenotype were independent of CD4 T cell help because none of these qualities were affected when memory CD8 T cells were transferred and maintained in either MHC class II- or CD4-deficient recipients.
Strain effects in low-dimensional transition metal oxides

Abstract Transition metal oxides offer a wide spectrum of properties which provide the foundation for a broad range of potential applications. Many of these properties originate from intrinsic coupling between lattice deformation and nanoscale electronic and magnetic ordering. Lattice strain thus has a profound influence on the electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of these materials. Recent advances in materials processing have led to the synthesis of low-dimensional single-crystal transition metal oxides, namely, epitaxial ultra-thin films and free-standing nano/microwires. Unlike bulk materials, these systems allow external tuning of uniform strain in these materials to tailor their properties and functionalities. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in studies of strain effects in transition metal oxide ultra-thin films and nano/microwires. In epitaxial thin films, biaxial strain is developed as a result of lattice mismatch between the film and the substrate. By choosing different substrates, a wide range of strain can be established at discrete values that allows for exploration of new phase space, enhancement of order parameters, creation of complicated domain textures, and stabilization of new phases. On the other hand, continuous tuning of uniaxial strain is possible in nano/microwires, where a variety of phase transitions and their dynamics could be probed at the single or few-domain scale. We focus on the work of strain-controlled electromechanical response in piezoelectric oxides and strain-induced metal–insulator transitions as well as domain physics in strongly correlated electron oxides. Related nanoscale device applications such as strain sensing and power generation will be highlighted as well.
Current knowledge in the renewal capability of germ cells in the adult ovary.

It is a central dogma in reproductive biology that oogenesis is completed before or just after birth and that the postnatal ovary is endowed by a fixed and non-renewing number of oocytes in mammals. However, this widely accepted doctrine was recently challenged by studies showing regeneration of oocytes from putative germ cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood. These results not only triggered an enormous amount of interest among reproductive biologists but also a great deal of debate. In this review we will provide an update on the molecular aspects of the formation of primordial germ cells (PGC), the precursors of adult gametocytes, beginning from their specification to their migration to prospective gonads and formation of the ovary and follicular structures. We will also discuss more recent studies that showed in vivo regeneration of germ cells in the postnatal ovary in situ, along with other pioneering works that demonstrated generation of germ cells in vitro from embryonic and somatic stem cells. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 87:90–95, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Power, trust, and network complexity: three logics of hedging in Asian security

Why do hedging strategies appear so pervasive in Asia? This article argues that hedging – not balancing or bandwagoning – is the central tendency in Asian international relations, offering three different lenses for making sense of this phenomenon, focusing in particular on the third: power transition theory, mistrust under multipolarity, and complex networks. Each perspective highlights different factors that explain the incentives for Asian states to hedge, what hedging looks like, and how long hedging is likely to endure. Power transition theory tells us that hedging is the result of uncertainty about a possible power transition between the United States and China. Multipolarity points us to uncertainty about the intentions of a growing number of states. And the logic of complex networks explains hedging as a response to the topology of Asia’s complex network structure – consisting of sensitivity, fluidity, and
Meta-Analysis of Group Learning Activities: Empirically Based Teaching Recommendations

Teaching researchers commonly employ group-based collaborative learning approaches in Teaching of Psychology teaching activities. However, the authors know relatively little about the effectiveness of group-based activities in relation to known psychological processes associated with group dynamics. Therefore, the authors conducted a meta-analytic examination of whether learning outcomes are moderated by aspects of group process and collaborative learning. Results indicated that (a) group duration of a brief period (one to three classes) was more effective than group duration lasting more than one-half semester, (b) high levels of participant interdependence were associated with greater learning outcomes, and (c) group activities incorporating a formal group project presentation evidenced significantly less robust learning outcomes than activities that did not include a formal group presentation. Based on the findings, the authors provide teaching suggestions that reflect how group processes may impact le...
The use of laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy: evaluation of safety and efficacy

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery in pregnant women has become increasingly more common since the 1990s; however, the safety of laparoscopy in this population has been widely debated, particularly in emergent and urgent situations. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all pregnant women following a nonobstetric abdominal operation at a University hospital between 1993 and 2007. Perioperative morbidity and mortality for the mother and fetus were evaluated. RESULTS: Ninety-four subjects were identified; 53 underwent laparoscopic procedures and 41 underwent open procedures. Cholecystectomy and appendectomy were performed in both groups with salpingectomy/ovarian cystectomy only in the laparoscopic group. No maternal deaths occurred, while fetal loss occurred in 3 cases within 7 days of the operation and in 1 case 7 weeks postoperatively. This and other perinatal complications occurred in 36.7% of the laparoscopic group and 41.7% of the open group. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy appear to be as safe as the respective open procedures in pregnant patients; however, this population in particular remains at risk for perinatal complications regardless of the method of abdominal access.
Current Ramping: A Strategy for Rapid Start-up of PEMFCs from Subfreezing Environment

A rapid start-up of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) from subzero temperatures is essential for fuel cell vehicle commercialization. We explore the limits of the start-up time and the required cell material properties and operating conditions using an experimentally validated model. A linear class of current-ramping protocols is proposed and optimized for a rapid cold start. A PEMFC with a standard cell thermal mass of 0.4 J/cm 2 K starting from -30°C is of primary interest and is extensively studied in this work. Either a small initial current density (e.g., 100 mA/cm 2 ) combined with an intermediate ramping rate or a relatively large initial current density (e.g., 200 mA/cm 2 ) in combination with a small ramping rate can lead to a successful self-start if the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is sufficiently dry before the start-up. However, a current-ramping cold start using an insufficient initial current density (e.g., ≤50 mA/cm 2 ) shuts down with any ramping rate. A more rapid self-start can be achieved by increasing the initial current density, which is mainly limited by the initial water content in the MEA. Hence, keeping the MEA mildly hydrated before the cold start can be favorable to a rapid start-up of a PEMFC using current ramping. This strategy is particularly effective for the rapid start-up of next-generation PEMFCs with reduced thermal mass. A PEMFC with a thermal mass of 0.2 J/cm 2 K and a relatively wet MEA can be successfully started from -30°C in about 5 s by applying an initial current density of as high as 1 A/cm 2 .
Segmentation and Communications to Solve the Blood Shortage: An Exploration of the Problem with Recommendations

This report summarizes the dire straits of the current blood supply and identifies a number of factors which contribute to this situation (low percentage of the population who donate regularly, increasing number of factors which preclude a willing donor from donating, short shelf life of donated blood, lack of a synthetic substitute). The current situation is gleaned from a literature review and the results suggested that a new source of donors (people aged 17–25) be examined to see if they might provide a way to end the shortage. A pilot survey was conducted with undergraduate students at East Carolina University and the results were surprising and encouraging. Students reported that they are donating at from 3 to 5 times the rate of all age groups. Developing an effective way to communicate with people as they reach the age to donate may be the critical step to be taken.
T cell coinhibition in prostate cancer: new immune evasion pathways and emerging therapeutics

T cell-mediated adaptive immune response is controlled by both positive costimulation and negative coinhibition, generated mainly by the interaction between the B7 family and their receptor CD28 family. Coinhibition is exploited by prostate cancer as an immune evasion pathway. Overexpression of coinhibitory B7x and B7-H3 in prostate cancer correlates with poor disease outcome, whereas tumor-infiltrating immune cells have enhanced expression of PD-L1 and its receptor PD-1. New insights into the complex mechanisms governing B7 expression in the tumor microenvironment have been reported and therapies aimed at overcoming T cell coinhibition with antagonistic monoclonal antibodies are emerging as effective tumor immunotherapies. Therapies that block B7x and B7-H3, either as monotherapies or in synergism with traditional therapies, should be pursued.
Whitney’s extension problem for $C^m$

Let f be a real-valued function on a compact set in Rn, and let m be a positive integer. We show how to decide whether f extends to a Cm function on Rn.
Transaction policies for service-oriented computing

Service-oriented computing is emerging as a distributed computing model where autonomous services interact with each other using standard Internet technology. In addition to the application-specific functions that services provide (different) services may also support (different) sets of protocols and formats addressing extra-functional concerns such as transaction processing and reliable messaging. This raises the need for services to complement their functional service descriptions with descriptions of extra-functional capabilities, requirements, and/or preferences, which must be matched and enforced for service interactions. In this paper, we address the problem of transactional coordination in service-oriented computing. We argue for the use of declarative policy assertions to advertise and match support for different transaction styles (direct transaction processing, queued transaction processing, and compensation-based transaction processing), and introduce the concept of and system support for transaction coupling modes as the policy-based contracts guiding transactional business process execution. We focus on concrete, protocol-specific policies that apply to relevant Web services specifications. Using transaction policies and our middleware system, we are able to support a reliable SOC environment.
EFFECT OF GRADED DOSES OF OCTAPEPTIDE OF CHOLECYSTOKININ ON GALLBLADDER SIZE IN MAN

Intravenous injection of the synthetic C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin produced prompt and significant gallbladder contraction in normal man. Peak decrease in gallbladder size occurred with a dose of 20 ng per kg of octapeptide. Easily tolerated side effects occurred in 2 of 9 subjects studied at effective cholecystokinetic doses. The percentage change in gallbladder size after octapeptide was similar whether measurements of radiographs were based on length and width or on planimetry.
Dynamic stress/strain response of the interphase in polymer matrix composites

The interphases of various sized E-glass-fiber/epoxy-amine systems were tested at displacement rates in the range of 230 to 2450 fxm/sec using a new experimental technique (dynamic micro-debonding technique). The fiber systems include unsized, epoxy-amine compatible sized, and epoxy-amine incompatible sized glass fibers. A data reduction scheme was developed to relate the force vs. displacement response obtained from the dynamic micro-debonding technique to interphase shear stress/strain response. The stress/strain curves and interphase shear modulus values were obtained from these composite systems under average shear strain rates (ASSR) in the range of 215–3278 (1/s). The results showed that the magnitude of the interphase shear modulus was sizing and strain rate dependent. In all cases, the shear modulus was found to be more compliant than the bulk matrix. The two sized fiber systems exhibited the highest strain rate sensitivity, with modulus increasing about threefold over the range studied. In addition, the rate dependent behavior of the model interphase materials were determined using the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) technique. The model interphase materials closely resemble the interphase that forms on unsized and compatible sized fibers. Master curves relating the flexural storage modulus to strain rate were constructed based on the time-temperature superposition principle from DMA frequency sweep measurements. The DMA measured results are consistent with the dynamic micro-debonding test results, providing confidence in the test method as a reliable technique for characterizing the high strain rate properties of the interphase in composites.
Bladder inflammation and hypogastric neurectomy influence uterine motility in the rat.

How pathophysiology of one pelvic organ influences the physiology of another is poorly understood. Here we compared the influence of bladder inflammation and hypogastric neurectomy (HYPX) on uterine contractions and bladder reflexes in urethane-anesthetized rats. Uterine contractions were measured via a latex balloon in one uterine horn. Bladder reflexes were assessed by micturition thresholds (MT) obtained cystometrographically. Whereas bladder inflammation significantly increased bladder reflexes (i.e., reduced MTs), it significantly decreased uterine contraction rate. Whereas HYPX produced small significant decreases in MT, it decreased the rate and significantly increased the amplitude of uterine contractions. These results indicate that bladder pathophysiology can influence uterine contractions and that some of this influence may be via the hypogastric nerve. Such viscero-visceral interactions likely involve spinal cord mechanisms and may have considerable clinical relevance.
A Breath Fungal Secondary Metabolite Signature to Diagnose Invasive Aspergillosis

Background. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) remains a leading cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients, in part due to the difficulty of diagnosing this infection. Methods. Using thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we characterized the in vitro volatile metabolite profile of Aspergillus fumigatus, the most common cause of IA, and other pathogenic aspergilli. We prospectively collected breath samples from patients with suspected invasive fungal pneumonia from 2011 to 2013, and assessed whether we could discriminate patients with proven or probable IA from patients without aspergillosis, as determined by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group consensus definitions, by direct detection of fungal volatile metabolites in these breath samples. Results. The monoterpenes camphene, α- and β-pinene, and limonene, and the sesquiterpene compounds αand β-trans-bergamotene were distinctive volatile metabolites of A. fumigatus in vitro, distinguishing it from other pathogenic aspergilli. Of 64 patients with suspected invasive fungal pneumonia based on host risk factors, clinical symptoms, and radiologic findings, 34 were diagnosed with IA, whereas 30 were ultimately diagnosed with other causes of pneumonia, including other invasive mycoses. Detection of α-trans-bergamotene, β-trans-bergamotene, a β-vatirenene–like sesquiterpene, or trans-geranylacetone identified IA patients with 94% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 81%–98%) and 93% specificity (95% CI, 79%–98%). Conclusions. In patients with suspected fungal pneumonia, an Aspergillus secondary metabolite signature in breath can identify individuals with IA. These results provide proof-of-concept that direct detection of exogenous fungal metabolites in breath can be used as a novel, noninvasive, pathogen-specific approach to identifying the precise microbial cause of pneumonia.
And the Elders and Scholars Wept: A Retrospective on the Symposium: Killing California Indians: Genocide in the Gold Rush Era, Held at the University of California - Riverside, 7 November 2014, Organized by the California Center for Native Nations

This retrospective looks-back on and provides a summation of “Killing California Indians: Genocide in the Gold Rush Era,” a symposium organized and executed by the California Center for Native Nations and the University of California, Riverside. It provides a synopsis of each of the papers presented as well as the presentations of the Native Community Panel, all of which all dealt with the nineteenth century genocide. Highlights of audience discussion as well as a description of cleansings and blessings offered by local spiritual leaders and the Native flute tributes that opened and closed the event are included, as well.
Direct-current Vector Control of Three-phase Grid-connected Converter with L, LC, and LCL Filters

AbstractWith the growing use of grid-connected converters in distributed generation systems, the problem of injected harmonics becomes critical. These harmonics require the connection of low-pass filters between the converter and the network. An LC or LCL filter has shown better attenuation to switching harmonics than a simple L filter and has recently drawn great attention in distributed generation areas. However, the control design of an LC- or LCL-filter-based grid-connected converter is more challenging. This article presents a novel vector control design for a grid-connected converter with an LC or LCL filter based on a direct-current vector control method. The behavior of the proposed control technique is compared and evaluated in a simulation and hardware experiment environment, which demonstrates that the proposed control approach has strong ability to trace rapidly changing reference commands, tolerate system disturbances, and satisfy various grid-connected converter control needs for different f...
Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope–Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets coronagraphic operations: lessons learned from the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope

The coronagraphic instrument (CGI) currently proposed for the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope–Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets (WFIRST-AFTA) mission will be the first example of a space-based coronagraph optimized for extremely high contrasts that are required for the direct imaging of exoplanets reflecting the light of their host star. While the design of this instrument is still in progress, this early stage of development is a particularly beneficial time to consider the operation of such an instrument. We review current or planned operations on the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope with a focus on which operational aspects will have relevance to the planned WFIRST-AFTA CGI. We identify five key aspects of operations that will require attention: (1) detector health and evolution, (2) wavefront control, (3) observing strategies/postprocessing, (4) astrometric precision/target acquisition, and (5) polarimetry. We make suggestions on a path forward for each of these items.
Bioenergy and Bioproducts

This session was a roundtable forum on the President’s Executive Order, the Bioenergy Initiative, the Technology Roadmap for Renewables Vision 2020 and other initiatives. The forum consisted of remarks by the panelists followed by a roundtable discussion with audience participation on the recent Bioenergy Initiative, the Executive order, and other recent thrusts.
War Crimes: International Criminal Court

This chapter gives a brief historical overview of the development of the International Criminal Court, based in The Hague, Netherlands (the ICC). It covers the ICC’s subject matter and personal jurisdiction, and the procedure by which cases are brought before the court.
Computations of Turbulent Flow over an Aircraft Windshield Wiper Model

Numerical simulations of turbulent flow over a model representing an aircraft windshield wiper were performed. The finite volume code, FLUENT was utilized to solve the governing equations. Three-dimensional Detached-Eddy simulations were computed with the Menter’s Shear Stress Transport Turbulence Model. A backward facing step simulation validated the numerical simulations. The backstep validation produced mean hydrodynamic data accurate with experimental data, overpredicted pressure fluctuation magnitudes, and physically correct spectra relative to empirical relations from the literature. Computations on the windshield wiper model produced data as expected from trends observed in the literature.
Development of a questionnaire for assessing dependence on electronic cigarettes among a large sample of ex-smoking E-cigarette users.

Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are becoming increasingly popular, but little is known about their dependence potential. This study aimed to assess ratings of dependence on electronic cigarettes and retrospectively compare them with rated dependence on tobacco cigarettes among a large sample of ex-smokers who switched to e-cigs.
Random Set Partitions

We study the asymptotics of subset counts for the uniformly random partition of the set [n]. It is known that typically most of the subsets of the random partition are of sizer, withrer=n. Confirming a conjecture formulated by Arratia and Tavare, we prove that the counts of other subsets are close, in terms of the total variation distance, to the corresponding segments of a sequence {Zj} of independent, Poisson (rj/j!) distributed random variables. DeLaurentis and Pittel had proved that the finite?dimensional distributions of a continuous time process that counts the typical size subsets converge to those of the Brownian Bridge process. Combining the two results allows to prove a functional limit theorem which covers a broad class of the integral functionals. Among illustrations, we prove that the total number of refinements of a random partition is asymptotically lognormal.
Comparison of statistical algorithms for power system line outage detection

We propose a statistical algorithm for detecting line outages in a power system and show that it has better performance than other schemes proposed in the literature. Our algorithm is based on the Cumulative Sum (CuSum) test from the Quickest Change Detection (QCD) literature. It exploits the statistical properties of the measured voltage phase angles before, during, and after a line outage, whereas other methods in the literature only utilize the change in statistics that occurs at the instant of outage.
The Pelvic Congestive Effects of Norethindrone plus Mestranol

18 women receiving cyclic norethindrone-mestranol were studied by uterine phlebography technique to determine uterine and ovarian venous drainage. 9 women were followed for 6 treatment cycles and 9 for 12 cycles. In neither group was any significant degree of pelvic congestion demonstrated.
Face Perception in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Interface Between Cognitive and Social Cognitive Functioning

Perceiving facial features, both affective and non-affective, plays a vital role in everyday life. While it is known that the processing of facial emotion expressions is compromised in schizophrenia, the mechanisms underlying face perception and their connection with cognitive and social cognitive functioning are somewhat elusive. Two important and unresolved issues have been whether visual and cognitive processing of face information is implicated in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and how non-affective information processing relates to deficient affective processing. Recent investigations have demonstrated that not only affective but also non-affective visual and cognitive facial features are processed abnormally in these mental disorders. The cascade of face perception processes implicated includes detection, identity discrimination, emotion discrimination and working memory. Furthermore, the abnormal processing of face information in patients is associated with the processing of basic visual signals as well as the information portrayed in social functioning. These new research advances highlight the broad network of brain systems involved in abnormal face perception in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, spanning cognitive and social cognitive domains.
In-class Service as a Component of HRM Education

This manuscript describes how in-class service may be integrated into a Human Resource Management (HRM) course. This requirement is a substantive way to encourage and measure student participation, and it may improve the level of student engagement and learning. While this manuscript addresses using an in-class service requirement specifically in HRM courses, such an element may also be implemented in courses of any content. The paper provides specific detail on how to implement in-class service and provides practical tips on managing the requirement.
Summaries and Future Directions in Aging Research

This meeting has been very interesting, and has demonstrated, among other things, that the quality of research in gerontology has definitely improved. It is making much more use of modern methods and concepts in biology (especially molecular biology) as well as increasing its sophistication in asking more detailed questions. The naive approaches of finding “panaceas” and simplistic explanations are slowly giving way to an appreciation for the biological complexity of organisms and the complexity of understanding the phenomenon of aging.
Fast Random and Slow Regular Stimulus ERG’s in Rabbits after Dilatation with Cyclogel and after Sodium Iodate Injection: A Preliminary Study

Microprocessor computers make the use of fast random stimuli, and the cross correlation of the stimulus and the response, a feasible method of obtaining electroretinograms. ERG’s were done on thirty eyes of fifteen pigmented rabbits using fast random stimulation for 10 seconds and using slow regular (2 Hz) stimulation for 90 seconds. Eight of the rabbit eyes were then dilated using cyclogel and the dilated and undilated eyes were retested. The amplitude and implicit times of the ERG waves for the dilated and undilated eyes were reevaluated. Using this small sample, no significant difference between dilated and undilated eyes in the implicit time or amplitude of the major waves could be demonstrated. However, a positive wave following the b-wave was noted and this wave persisted after dilation.
Una cartografía de la narco-narrativa en Colombia y México (1990-2010)

Desde los anos noventa en adelante Mexico y Colombia han presenciado el boom de las producciones culturales del narcotrafico. Este articulo hace una cartografia de la narco-narrativa producida tanto en Colombia como en Mexico y los puntos de union entre ambas. Productos de un fenomeno global como es el trafico de drogas, las narco-narrativas hacen manifiestas las divergencias y fracturas del neo-liberalismo, la globalizacion y las politicas de represion en la lucha contra las drogas. Con el estudio de escritores como Gerardo Cornejo, Elmer Mendoza, Dario Jaramillo Agudelo y Jorge Franco este articulo senala la importancia de este conjunto de textos en el contexto de la lucha contra las drogas impulsada desde los Estados Unidos.
Allosteric Coupling of Nucleotide Turnover to Bimolecular Recognition in Kinesin Motors and G Protein Switches

Kinesin motors and homologous G proteins switches coordinate a wide array of important subcellular processes, from division and growth to intracellular communication and self-organization. These functionally diverse families contain a similar core structure supporting a common mode of nucleotide dependent allostery. However, a complete atomistic scale picture of key structural dynamic mechanisms and their adaptation to control distinct functional interactions remains elusive. Here we describe results from a comparative approach that couples bioinformatics, molecular simulation and experimental protein engineering across kinesin and G protein families. This includes the prediction and experimental engineering of allosterically decoupled constitutively active heterotrimeric G proteins. Prediction and experimental verification of allosterically enhanced and mechanochemically distinct kinesin-5. Computational and experimental dissection of kinesin-microtubule interactions along with the rational modulation of kinesin processive motility - the ability of an individual motor to take multiple steps along its microtubule filament. Collectively, this work furthers our understanding of the evolutionary adaptation of a ubiquitous allosteric motif and informs mechanistic studies on many related nucleotide triphosphatases that constitute nearly 5% of human protein coding genes.Software and other material related to this work can be found at:http://thegrantlab.org/.
Salat-al-Juma: organizing the public in Tahrir Square

AbstractWhat were the sources of solidarity that bound anti-government protesters in Tahrir Square? This article complicates Judith Butler’s claim that this solidarity originated in shared vulnerability to police violence and the practices of mutual care that were necessary to sustain bodies in the square. I draw on existing scholarship that suggests that passive knowledge of this shared vulnerability was already present among Egyptians, especially those working in the informal economy and living more of their lives – eating, chatting, praying, selling, etc. – on the streets of Egypt’s cities and thereby drawn into increasing contact with state police forces. Given that aggressive policing and intimidation had generated a sense of passive solidarity among Egyptians, I ask how this solidarity was transformed into animated opposition to the regime. My answer is that the Islamic congregational prayers as well as the Sunday Masses held during the revolution were spectacles of interfaith cooperation that inspi...
Shareholder Opportunism Theory: Four Thought Experiments

What I call shareholder opportunism theory holds that our shareholder-centric form of corporate governance creates incentives for shareholders to opportunistically breach their implicit contracts w...
A comparison of performance on the Keitel Functional Test by persons with systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare lower extremity impairments in persons with systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy controls.Methods: The participants were a convenie...
Performance Evaluation of DTC, MPDTC and DDTC Methods for Drive of a SPMSM

This paper investigates three different direct torque control strategies for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM), namely direct torque control (DTC), model predictive torque control (MPTC), and duty ratio modulated direct torque control (DDTC). The basic principle of the mentioned control strategies are presented. Then, using a PMSM fed by a two level voltage source inverter, all of the control strategies are simulated. Based on the obtained results, their performance are compared.
Quantized Electronic States in Metal Microclusters: Electronic Shells, Structural Effects, and Correlations

We review some properties of metal microclusters in which one observes an interplay between the quantum shell structure of delocalized valence electrons and the ionic framework.1 In particular, we point out that even in systems which are strongly disordered by conventional solid-state criteria (mixed, or alloyed, clusters, clusters with impurities) the existence of quantized shells keeps the spectral features ordered and understood. We discuss the transition from electronic to lattice-based periodicities in cluster growth, and the splittings of giant dipole photoabsorption peaks of clusters. In both cases a reduction in conventional structural order, e. g., by heating, does not lead to a disorganized situation. On the contrary, it allows electronic shell effects to emerge more clearly. Thus metallic clusters are nanoscale systems in which both a distinct shell-based ordering principle and its interplay with the geometric degrees of freedom can be observed. We also comment on recent work addressing the possibility of electron pairing in size-quantized particles.
Nutrition-sensitive agricultural interventions and gender dynamics: A qualitative study in Nepal

Undernutrition and low women's status persist as major development obstacles in South Asia and specifically, Nepal. Multi-sectoral approaches, including nutrition-sensitive agriculture, are potential avenues for further reductions in undernutrition. Although evidence is growing, many questions remain regarding how gender mediates the translation of agricultural production activities into nutritional benefit. In this study, we examined how gender influences the pathway from agricultural production to improved income and control of income, with a focus on five domains of empowerment: decision-making power, freedom of mobility, social support, workload and time, and self-efficacy. For this, we conducted a qualitative retrospective assessment (N = 10 FGDs) among 73 beneficiary women of a nutrition-sensitive agriculture programme implemented from 2008 to 2012 in two districts of Nepal-Baitadi and Kailali. We found that women reported increased decision-making power, new knowledge and skills, increased recognition by their family members of their new knowledge and contributions, and self-efficacy as farmers and sellers, whereas workload and time were the most consistent constraints noted. We also found that each empowerment domain operated differently at different stages of the pathway, sometimes representing barriers and at other times, opportunities and that the interconnectedness of the domains made them difficult to disentangle in practice. Finally, there were major contextual differences for some domains (e.g., freedom of mobility) between the two districts. Future policies and programmes need to include in-depth formative research to ensure that interventions address context-specific gender and social norms to maximise programmatic opportunities to achieve desired results.
Generous hosts: Why the larvae of greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella is a perfect infectious host model?

The larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) has been used as a host and model system for many fungal and bacterial pathogens due to its reduced innate immune sy...
Novel Fractgraphy of Ni-Based Alloy by SEM/EBSD Method

Alloy 718 superalloy has been used for blades of air craft jet engine and gas turbine. The failures of these parts derive from fatigue and creep, but it is difficult to estimate applied stress from observation of samples from damaged parts. Oxidation and crush on fracture surfaces prevent from the estimation by fractgraphy especially. Therefore, we established the novel observation of the microstructure on the cross section beneath cracks by using EBSD. Tensile test, fatigue test and creep test were performed, and the change in dislocation density and the difference of strain contour of these specimens were specified by the new method. Finally the applied stress could be estimated and the test temperature could be also estimated.
Cavity integrated layered material devices

Layered materials have recently emerged as a promising class of optoelectronics material with high quantum efficiency of photo-emission, absorption and nonlinear optical properties. With significant progress in understanding the material science of these atomically thin materials, it is an opportune time to integrate these materials with existing optoelectronic platform to realize the full potential of the 2D materials. Integrating 2D material with nano-resonator could efficiently enhance the light-matter interaction and develop novel optoelectronics devices. Cavity-enhanced 2D material electro-optics modulation, nano-laser, and second order nonlinear devices has been demonstrated. In this paper, we report our recent progress on the cavity-integrated TMDC monolayer platform, including novel cavities for 2D material photonics and cavity nonlinear optics.
Individual and group cognitive processing therapy: Effectiveness across two Veterans Affairs posttraumatic stress disorder treatment clinics.

Objective In accordance with Veterans Affairs (VA) policy, VA posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) clinics offer evidence-based treatments including cognitive processing therapy (CPT). To facilitate access to care, CPT is offered in both group and individual formats in many VA PTSD clinics. Group and individual delivery of CPT have been directly compared in active duty samples, but these findings have not been extended to VA populations. The present article directly compares the effectiveness of group and individual CPT with a written trauma account (CPT+A) across two VA PTSD clinics. Method Veterans (N = 465) completed initial evaluations and enrolled in either group CPT+A (N = 146) or individual CPT+A (N = 319). Self-report measures of PTSD and depression symptoms were collected at pre-, mid-, and posttreatment; combined across treatment sites; and analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Results PTSD and depression symptoms reduced significantly over the course of group and individual CPT+A. Medium treatment effects were found for group CPT+A (d = .66 for PTSD, d = .68 for depression), and large treatment effects were found for individual CPT+A (d = .96 for PTSD, d = .79 for depression). Conclusion Individual CPT+A led to significantly greater PTSD and depression symptom reduction than group CPT+A, indicating that in VA outpatient PTSD clinic settings, individual CPT+A may be a more effective approach than group CPT-A. In addition, PTSD symptoms reduced significantly more for Caucasian veterans than for African American veterans during CPT+A, indicating the importance of providing culturally competent trauma-focused care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Lipid malabsorption from altered hormonal signaling changes early gut microbial responses.

The enteroendocrine transcription factor aristaless-related homeobox (Arx) plays a key role in lineage specification. Changes in hormonal expression mediated by Arx lead to lipid malabsorption and ...
Below the Surface, Life among the Stars

While human missions to other stellar systems are beyond present technological capabilities, understanding the attributes of environments that can initiate and maintain life expands our ability to search and to learn. From the galactic neighborhood to the individual stars within it and the planets orbiting those stars, astrobiologists explore and define the physico-chemical extremes within which lies safe harbor for biological life. The description of the Galactic Habitable Zone predicts an astrophysical niche for “complex,” perhaps eventually intelligent, life. Focusing on planetary systems surrounding stars, the Circumstellar Habitable Zone’s main, but not only, critical feature is liquid water, life’s essential solvent. Recently, another descriptive “zone” has been added to these, the Geological Habitable Zone. The primary inputs determining the life-supporting, life-sheltering potential of a planetary subsurface are heat and pressure.
Noninvasive diagnostic techniques in cardiology

Noninvasive cardiology has made notable progress in the last several years. A variety of sophisticated tests are now available to the clinician, providing both anatomic and physiologic information. The result has been an improvement of the level of diagnostic accuracy, which in a final analysis translates into better patient care. Newer tests such as cardiac CAT scan and nuclear magnetic resonance, using incredibly advanced technologies, continue to be investigated and almost certainly will play an important role in cardiovascular diagnosis in year to come.
Enhanced Chemical Dispersion Using the Propeller Wash from Response Vessels

Concentrated ice cover in a marine environment reduces the wave energy needed to disperse chemically-treated oil slicks. ExxonMobil is currently evaluating a concept to utilize the propeller wash from vessels to enhance chemical dispersion. Tests in an arctic basin utilizing a 1:25 scale model of an azimuthal-stern-drive platform-standby icebreaker resulted in effective dispersion (over 90% in most cases) on light oil and confirmed that such an icebreaker working in a sea-ice environment could efficiently contact and disperse oil. Future plans are to evaluate a diversion-boom system that will allow using propeller wash from conventional platform-standby or response vessels in both lightice and open-water conditions.