cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stereopsis and image registration from extended edge features in the absence of camera pose information

The authors solve the stereo correspondence problem in uncalibrated domains using extended edge contours as a source of primitives, as opposed to traditional point-based algorithms. This work represents a novel approach to implementation of the structural stereopsis concept of K.L. Boyr and A.C. Kak (1988), in particular with regard to speed. Judiciously exploiting the contiguity relation among primitives, correspondence solutions without prior knowledge of the epipolar condition for feature-rich stereopairs, previously requiring several days of processing by the Boyer and Kak algorithm are now acquired in tens of seconds on the same equipment. >
Aggressive Behaviors in Social Interaction and Developmental Adaptation: A Narrative Analysis of Interpersonal Conflicts During Early Adolescence

Using conflict narratives reported by adolescents in grade 7 (mean age = 13.4 years), this study investigated the interactional properties and developmental functions of four types of aggressive behaviors: social aggression, direct relational aggression, physical aggression, and verbal aggression. A total of 475 participants from the Carolina Longitudinal Study (Cairns & Cairns, 1994) were included. Results showed that the majority of conflict interactions involved more than a dyad. The use of social aggression (e.g., concealed social attack) was associated with more individuals involved in the conflict. Social aggression was primarily reported as an initiating behavior for interpersonal conflicts, while direct relational aggression was a responding behavior. Medium to high levels of reciprocity were found for physical, verbal, and direct relational aggression, whereas a low level of reciprocity was reported for social aggression. School authorities were most likely to intervene in physical aggression. The use of social aggression was associated with higher network centrality among adolescents. Developmental maladjustment in late adolescence and early adulthood was primarily predicted by physical aggression.
An Empirical Study of Securities Disclosure Practices

Using a dataset of sovereign bond offering documents and underlying bond contracts for ten sovereign issuers from 1985 to 2005, we examine the securities disclosure practices of issuers and attorneys. The sovereign bond market is comprised of sophisticated issuers with highly paid attorney law firms. If anyone complies fully with federal securities disclosure requirements, we expect sovereign issuers and their attorneys to do so. On the other hand, network effects that determine what information issuers choose to disclose as well as the high cost of determining what information is required for disclosure may lead issuers to fail to meet their disclosure duties. We provide evidence that sovereign issuers in fact may not fully meet their disclosure duties in one context. Where shocks occur to how courts interpret language in existing boilerplate bond contracts, leading to material and idiosyncratic changes in the underlying allocation of substantive rights for the different issuers, we find zero disclosure to investors. Conversely, we find that where there is less of a legal requirement for disclosure, such as when the entire market shifts publicly to using explicit collective action clauses in the bond contracts, there is a high level of disclosure. Over time, long after such terms have become the market standard and thus part of the total mix of information, this heightened level of disclosure continues. In sum, we find heightened disclosure in the place where the legal obligations (and investor need) for disclosure are less significant and no disclosure in the place where legal obligations (and investor need) for disclosure are more significant.
Apparent diffusion coefficient of pediatric cerebellar tumors: a biomarker of tumor grade?

Background The role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) to reliably differentiate tumor types and grades in pediatric cerebellar tumors is controversial. We aimed to clarify the discrepancy reported in previous articles. Procedures We retrospectively evaluated the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the enhancing, solid parts of cerebellar tumors and correlated the absolute tumor ADC values and cerebellar and thalamic ratios with histology in a cohort of children with cerebellar tumors. Results Twenty-four children (12 females) were included in the study. The median age at pre-surgical MRI was 10 years (range 29 days–18.5 years). Absolute ADC values (mean 1.49, SD 0.25 vs. 0.63 ± 0.18), cerebellar (2.04 ± 0.33 vs. 0.83 ± 0.25), and thalamic ratio (1.98 ± 0.35 vs. 0.79 ± 0.23) were significantly higher in low- than in high-grade tumors (P 1.2 × 103 and <0.8 × 10−3 mm2/s were established for low- and high-grade tumors. Conclusion ADC analysis of the solid, contrast enhancing components of pediatric cerebellar tumors may facilitate differentiation between various tumor histologies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:2036–2041. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Near-wall turbulence models for complex flows including separation

Results of a computational experiment designed to investigate the performance of different near-wall treatments in a single turbulence model with a common numerical method are reported. The complete fully elliptic, Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes equations have been solved using a low-Reynolds-number model, a new two-layer model, and a two-point wall-function method, in thek-s turbulence model, for the boundary layer and wake of two axisymmetric bodies. These tests enable the evaluation of the performance of the different approaches in flows involving longitudinal and transverse surface curvatures, streamwise and normal pressure gradients, viscous-inviscid interaction, and separation. The two-layer approach has been found to be quite promising for such flows and can be extended to other complex flows.
The Impact of Point-of-Care A1C Testing on Provider Compliance and A1C Levels in a Primary Setting

PurposeThe purpose of the research was to investigate the impact of point-of-care (POC) A1C testing among patients with type 2 diabetes in a primary care setting.MethodsThis study used a pretest-po...
TOWARD AN INTEGRATED THEORY OF GENDER STRATIFICATION

Determinants of gender stratification range through eveny institutional sphere and every leel of sociological analysis. An integrated theory is presented which charts the connections and feedbacks among three main blocks of causal factors and two blocks of outcomes. The GENDER ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION block includes the degree of
Model-Based Development of Embedded Systems: The SysWeaver Approach

Model-based development of embedded real-time systems is aimed at elevating the level of abstraction at which these systems are designed, analyzed, validated, coded and tested. The use of a coherent multi-dimensional model across all development phases enables model-based design to generate systems that are correct by construction. Even some commercial support is available for code generation from higher-level models. However, such code generation capabilities are usually limited to uniprocessor targets and to a limited range of operating environments. SysWeaver (previously called Time Weaver) is a model-based development tool that includes a flexible syscode generation scheme for distributed real-time systems that can be easily tailored to a wide range of target platforms. In this paper, we present our work on creating an interoperable toolchain to automatically generate complete runtime code using models. The toolchain includes a simulation tool (Matlab) and its code generator (Embedded Coder) along with SysWeaver. In this chain, the functional aspects of the system are specified in Simulink, Matlabs modeling language, and translated into a SysWeaver model to be enhanced with timing information, the target hardware model and its communication dependencies. The final runtime code is then generated, automatically integrating the functional code generated with Embedded Coder and SysWeavers syscode. This syscode includes OS interfacing and network communication code with predictable timing behavior that can be verified at design time. Experiments with multi-node targets with end-to-end timing constraints in an automotive system show that many aspects of syscode and functional code generation can be automated. To our knowledge, this is the first time that multi-node executables including communication messages, functional behaviors and para-functional properties have been automatically generated using a general platform-independent framework.
Change in Perfusion in Acute Nondominant Hemisphere Stroke May Be Better Estimated by Tests of Hemispatial Neglect Than by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale

Background and Purpose—It has been reported that National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores correlate poorly with hypoperfused tissue measured by perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) in nondominant hemisphere stroke. We conducted 2 studies to determine whether tests of hemispatial neglect provide a better measure of hypoperfusion and reperfusion than NIHSS in nondominant hemisphere stroke. Methods—In study 1, 74 patients with acute ischemic, supratentorial stroke were administered the NIHSS, tests of neglect or aphasia, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and PWI on day 1 (24 hours from onset) of stroke. Pearson correlations between volumes of PWI/DWI abnormality and functional tests were calculated. In study 2, 10 patients with acute, nondominant hemisphere stroke who were candidates for intervention to restore perfusion underwent PWI, DWI, NIHSS, and a line cancellation test on days 1 and 3. Correlations between change in volumes of PWI/DWI abnormality and change in functional tests were calculated. Results—In study 1, in nondominant hemisphere stroke, volume of PWI abnormality correlated significantly with neglect scores (r0.71; P0.002) but not with NIHSS scores (r0.39; PNS). In dominant hemisphere stroke, volume of PWI abnormality correlated better with aphasia scores (r0.50; P0.0001) than with NIHSS scores (r0.45; P0.001). In study 2, change in volume of hypoperfused tissue on PWI correlated with change in line cancellation performance (r0.83; P0.003) but not with change in NIHSS score (r0.26; PNS). Conclusions—Tests of hemispatial neglect may better reflect dysfunction and reperfusion than NIHSS for patients with nondominant hemisphere stroke. (Stroke. 2003;34:2392-2398.)
Refractory Oxide Coatings on Sic Ceramics

Silicon carbide with a refractory oxide coating is potentially a very attractive ceramic system. It offers the desirable mechanical and physical properties of SiC and the environmental durability of a refractory oxide. The development of a thermal shock resistant plasma-sprayed mullite coating on SiC is discussed. The durability of the mullite/SiC in oxidizing, reducing, and molten salt environments is discussed. In general, this system exhibits better behavior than uncoated SiC. Areas for further developments are discussed.
Fingerprinting of poultry isolates of Enterococcus cecorum using three molecular typing methods

Enterococcus cecorum is an emerging challenge to the broiler industry. The organism has been implicated in septicemia, spondylitis, arthritis, and osteomyelitis in commercial broilers and broiler breeders, which lead to economic losses attributed to increased mortality and culling rates, decreased average processing weights, and increased feed conversion ratios. The current study evaluated the genetic variability of 30 clinical isolates of E. cecorum from outbreaks in Pennsylvania, using 3 molecular typing methods, namely, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (polymerase chain reaction), in order to understand their genetic relatedness and to identify possible pathogenic clones. The study revealed the existence of genotypic polymorphism among E. cecorum associated with clinical disease. Of the 3 typing methods used, PFGE analysis demonstrated higher genetic variability of E. cecorum isolates compared to PCR-based methods. Also, each molecular typing method was evaluated in terms of typeability, discriminatory power, and reproducibility for application of these typing methods in fingerprinting of E. cecorum in future reference. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis provided the most reliable results with greater discriminatory power and higher reproducibility compared to the 2 PCR-based methods.
Serum fatty acid binding protein 4, free fatty acids, and metabolic risk markers

Fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 4 chaperones free fatty acids (FFAs) in the adipocytes during lipolysis. Serum FFA relates to metabolic syndrome, and serum FABP4 is emerging as a novel risk marker. In 36 overweight/obese women, serum FABP4 and FFA were measured hourly during 5-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin resistance was determined using frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Serum lipids and inflammation markers were measured at fasting. During oral glucose tolerance test, serum FABP4 decreased by 40%, reaching its nadir at 3 hours (from 45.3 +/- 3.1 to 31.9 +/- 1.6 ng/mL), and stayed below the baseline at 5 hours (35.9 +/- 2.2 ng/mL) (P < .0001 for both, compared with the baseline). Serum FFA decreased by 10-fold, reaching a nadir at 2 hours (from 0.611 +/- 0.033 to 0.067 +/- 0.004 mmol/L), then rebounded to 0.816 +/- 0.035 mmol/L at 5 hours (P < .001 for both, compared with baseline). Both fasting FABP4 and nadir FABP4 correlated with obesity. Nadir FABP4 correlated also with insulin resistance parameters from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and with inflammation. Nadir FFA, but not fasting FFA, correlated with the metabolic syndrome parameters. In conclusion, fasting FABP4 related to metabolic risk markers more strongly than fasting FFA. Nadir FABP4 and nadir FFA measured after glucose loading may provide better risk assessment than the fasting values.
Thin Skin Distension in Tertiary Rocks of Southeastern Nevada

Volcanic rocks of late Tertiary age, aggregating about 17,000 ft, accumulated on a surface of low relief cut on Precambrian rocks in the Basin and Range province south of Lake Mead, in Nevada and Arizona. They consist mostly of lava and flow breccia of intermediate composition with minor ash-flow tuff, bedded tuff, and lava of rhyolitic composition. The last of three main phases of volcanism was accompanied by widespread epizonal plutonism and intense faulting. All or parts of six similarly but separately fault-deformed structural units are recognized in a 92-sq-mi mapped area. The structural units are highly distended by a system of closely spaced north-to northwest-striking shingling normal faults (many of which are low angle) that displace younger over older rocks in a west to west-southwest direction. Cumulative amounts of distension approximate the breadth of the structural units and are as much as 20,000 ft, whereas cumulative vertical displacements are much less and in some places are minimal. The structural units are floored at or near the present level of exposure by complex low-angle zones of detachment or decollement into which the numerous shingling normal faults merge. Where the units abut along their strike, they are separated by complex zones of transcurrent faults that appear to merge with the detachment structures and thus mark the ultimate limits of the structural units. Displacement on the detachment structures has the same sense as, but in some places is much greater than, that of the cumulative offset on the shingling faults, thus indicating low-angle movement of the structural units as platelike or lobate masses. These relationships indicate remarkably thin-skinned, large-scale, fault-related tectonism of a type which is present in a broad belt south of Lake Mead and in numerous other areas in the Basin and Range province. The best exposed structural units exhibit a serial eastward progression from broad areas of steeply dipping strata, low-angle faults, and deep denudation to gently dipping strata, high-angle faults, and little denudation. Reverse-drag flexing, a volume-compensating mechanism for movement on concave-upward faults, is inferred to have produced the gentle to moderate dips of the strata, whereas the nearly vertical dips in the western parts of the units probably resulted from a combination of reverse-drag flexing and rotation related to uplift. Evidence of compression-related folding is absent. The extreme distension is viewed as a surficial feature of a crustal belt that was subjected to a brief episode of tensional rifting. Rifting at subjacent levels along the belt was compensated for by emplacement of plutons. The surficial rocks were stretched and thinned over the plutons.
Avoidance of Autophagy Mediated by PlcA or ActA Is Required for Listeria monocytogenes Growth in Macrophages

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that escapes from phagosomes and grows in the cytosol of infected host cells. Most of the determinants that govern its intracellular life cycle are controlled by the transcription factor PrfA, including the pore-forming cytolysin listeriolysin O (LLO), two phospholipases C (PlcA and PlcB), and ActA. We constructed a strain that lacked PrfA but expressed LLO from a PrfA-independent promoter, thereby allowing the bacteria to gain access to the host cytosol. This strain did not grow efficiently in wild-type macrophages but grew normally in macrophages that lacked ATG5, a component of the autophagy LC3 conjugation system. This strain colocalized more with the autophagy marker LC3 (42% ± 7%) at 2 h postinfection, which constituted a 5-fold increase over the colocalization exhibited by the wild-type strain (8% ± 6%). While mutants lacking the PrfA-dependent virulence factor PlcA, PlcB, or ActA grew normally, a double mutant lacking both PlcA and ActA failed to grow in wild-type macrophages and colocalized more with LC3 (38% ± 5%). Coexpression of LLO and PlcA in a PrfA-negative strain was sufficient to restore intracellular growth and decrease the colocalization of the bacteria with LC3. In a cell-free assay, purified PlcA protein blocked LC3 lipidation, a key step in early autophagosome biogenesis, presumably by preventing the formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P). The results of this study showed that avoidance of autophagy by L. monocytogenes primarily involves PlcA and ActA and that either one of these factors must be present for L. monocytogenes growth in macrophages.
Design tools for artificial nervous systems

Electronic and biological systems both perform complex information processing, but they use very different techniques. Though electronics has the advantage in raw speed, biological systems have the edge in many other areas. They can be produced, and indeed self-reproduce, without expensive and finicky factories. They are tolerant of manufacturing defects, and learn and adapt for better performance. In many cases they can self-repair damage. These advantages suggest that biological systems might be useful in a wide variety of tasks involving information processing. So far, all attempts to use the nervous system of a living organism for information processing have involved selective breeding of existing organisms. This approach, largely independent of the details of internal operation, is used since we do not yet understand how neural systems work, nor exactly how they are constructed. However, as our knowledge increases, the day will come when we can envision useful nervous systems and design them based upon what we want them to do, as opposed to variations on what has been already built. We will then need tools, corresponding to our Electronic Design Automation tools, to help with the design. This paper is concerned with what such tools might look like.
Multi-drug resistance (MDR1) gene and P-glycoprotein influence on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodymanic of therapeutic drugs

(MDR1) gene expressed in tumor cells and also in several normal tissues, such as intestine, liver, kidney, bloodbrain barrier, spinal cord, and placenta. P-gp has been identified in mice, rat, bovine, monkey, rodents, and human beings and has been receiving a particular clinical relevance because this protein expression limits brain access and intestinal absorption of many drugs. This protein plays a role as a protective barrier against a wide variety of substrates, avoiding drug entry into the central nervous system. P-glycoprotein also interferes with drug bioavailability and disposition, including absorption, distribution, metabolization, and excretion, influencing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of drugs. Modulation of P-gp may help the efficacy of treatment of several diseases and can explain some adverse central nervous system effects induced by drugs after intravenous administration and the poor response of oral administration in patients. Alteration in P-gp expression or function has been associated with several diseases susceptibility in humans and animals. Furthermore, additional studies relating MDR1 and P-gp expression has an important clinical implication also in terms of treatment efficacy.
Time frequency spectral representation of EEG

A study that uses a time frequency spectral representation (TFSR) with an exponential kernel to relate the changes in EEG spectrum to the depth of anesthesia is discussed. The level of anesthesia in the patient (dog) was changed by varying the halothane and tested using the tail clamp stimulus. The TFSR of the EEG did not change appreciably over the period of tail clamp when the patient was in deep sleep. For an awake patient the TFSR was localized in time and frequency. The energy was concentrated in the delta and the theta band frequencies and complete /spl alpha/ - blocking was observed. This shows that TFSR can be used as a possible aid to the anesthesiologist in detecting consciousness and hence prevent patient awareness. >
Magnetic Resonance Urography in the Evaluation of Prenatally Diagnosed Hydronephrosis and Renal Dysgenesis

Purpose: We present our experience with dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance urography for evaluation and treatment in infants born with prenatally recognized hydronephrosis. We determined the characteristics of renal dysgenesis in this population.Materials and Methods: We reviewed magnetic resonance urography images done within the first 6 months of life in 67 infants born with prenatally recognized hydronephrosis. High resolution imaging was used to establish a morphological diagnosis. Functional evaluation was used to assess obstruction and individual renal function. Voiding cystourethrography was performed in 62 patients.Results: Our study included 67 infants (87 renal units). There were 54 boys and 13 girls with a mean age of 2.8 months (range 0.9 to 4.6). Of these 87 renal units 30 (35%) had ureteropelvic junction obstruction, 18 (21%) had primary megaureters, 10 (11%) had nondilating vesicoureteral reflux, 10 (11%) had fetal folds, 8 (9%) had posterior urethral valves, 6 (7%) had ectopic ur...
A Comparison of Trap Type and Height for Capturing Cerambycid Beetles (Coleoptera)

ABSTRACT Wood-boring beetles in the family Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) play important roles in many forest ecosystems. However, increasing numbers of invasive cerambycid species are transported to new countries by global commerce and threaten forest health in the United States and worldwide. Our goal was to identify effective detection tools for a broad array of cerambycid species by testing some known cerambycid attractants and a pheromone in different trap designs placed across a range of habitats. We compared numbers and species richness of cerambycid beetles captured with crossvane panel traps and 12-unit Lindgren multiple-funnel traps, placed either at ground level (1.5 m high) or canopy level (≈3–10 m high), at eight sites classified as either residential, industrial, deciduous forest, or conifer forest. We captured 3,723 beetles representing 72 cerambycid species from 10 June to 15 July 2010. Species richness was highest for the subfamilies Cerambycinae and Lamiinae, which accounted for 33 and 46% of...
Growth requirements of endothelial cells in culture: Variations in serum and amino acid concentrations

Abstract Endothelial cell growth in vitro is limited to the availability of nutrients from commercially available media and added serum. Nutrients, such as amino acids, are chiefly derived from the cell culture medium, rather than from added serum, and optimal endothelial cell growth may be dependent on amino acid levels in the culture media. To test this hypothesis, porcine pulmonary artery-derived endothelial cells were exposed to culture medium 199 (M199), amino acid-deficient M199 (dM199), as well as dM199 supplemented with amino acids. Cell protein was similar in cells cultured for 3 d in M199 supplemented with 1, 3, 5 or 10% bovine calf serum, respectively. Addition of amino acid solutions (L-amino acids [Laa], DL-amino acids [DLaa], 2Laa, or Laa+ glutamine) to dM199 demonstrated a cell dependence for optimal growth on the type of amino acids as well as on the total available nitrogen in the media. Compared with M199, dM199 supplemented with Laa only partially supported long-term growth of endothelial cells in culture. On the other hand, dM199 supplemented with either 2Laa, DLaa, or Laa+ glutamine was superior over M199 with regard to endothelial cell growth. The addition of Laa+ glutamine to dM199 was most growth-supporting, with an increase of over 2.6-fold in total cell protein compared with cells cultured with M199. These results suggest that, in addition to the presence of essential amino acids, total available nitrogen in culture media may be a critical factor for optimal endothelial cell growth.
Regulation of peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase in the yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles found in most eukaryote cells, where their major functions are in cellular respiration and fatty acid oxidation. Proliferation of this organelle, and induction of peroxisomal enzymes, is a phenomenon that occurs in diverse species, and is stimulated by a number of physiological and pharmacological stimuli. A large number of chemically diverse compounds, including hypolipidemic drugs and industrial plasticizers, have been shown to cause peroxisome proliferation and the induction of peroxisomal enzymes in rodents. Chronic exposure to these compounds produces hepatocellular carcinomas, however, the mechanism by which this tumorigenic event occurs is unknown. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae peroxisomes are induced when a fatty acid such as oleate is supplied as a carbon source in the growth medium. In addition, many peroxisomal enzymes are induced by growth on oleate; these include enzymes of the peroxisomal s-oxidation cycle. This regulation occurs at the transcription level, and is controlled by specific trans-acting factors. The research in our laboratory has focused on the mechanisms involved in this regulation, and on the identification and characterization of the proteins involved. Our recent results, and current research directions are summarized.
Growth of Ba1-xSrxTiO3Single Crystals

Single crystals of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 have been grown with Sr concentrations in the range 0.015<x<0.035 by the Czochralski technique. The Sr concentration in the crystals and the total impurity content have been determined by various techniques. Due to the addition of Sr to the melt, the cubic phase is stabilized at the growth temperature. Cubic crystals transform to a ferroelectric tetragonal phase below a concentration dependent transition temperature Tc. From differential scanning calorimetry measurements, the empirical relation Tc=132–440 x was obtained.
THE DYNAMICS OF A SUBMERGED MOORED SPHERE IN OSCILLATORY WAVES

The results of an analytical and experimental investigation into the dynamics of a buoyant sphere moored by a single line in shallow water waves are presented. The sphere motion and the mooring line forces are related to the sphere diameter, weight, submergence and the wave frequency, height and water depth. Analytically, the phenomenon is approached as a forced vibration problem. The sphere and its mooring line acts as a spring-mass system driven by the oscillating wave force. The relevant dimensionless parameters are the ratio between the natural frequency of the moored sphere and the wave frequency and the ratio between the dynamic mooring force due to a given wave and the force on the sphere held stationary in the same wave. Experimental values of the frequency and force ratios obtained from tests made at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Hydrodynamics Laboratory over a range of sphere and wave characteristics are in essential agreement with the analytically determined values. The investigation was supported by the Humble Oil and Refining Company of Houston, Texas.
Mechanism and dynamics of the CH2OH+O2 reaction

Abstract Quantum mechanical calculations using B3LYP functional and the CBS-QB3 approach are used to determine the critical points on the potential energy surface for the reaction of CH 2 OH with O2, and RRKM-Master Equation calculations are used to follow the time history of the intermediates. The HOCH2OO radical is bound by 35.8 kcal/mole and the barrier for the stabilized adduct forming a CH2OHO2 complex is only 13.6 kcal/mole. At 298 K in 760 Torr of N2, the chemically activated HOCH2OO that does not promptly fall apart to reactants will be entirely transformed to CH2O+HO2 within 50 ps.
Lattice Strain Limit for Uniform Shell Deposition in Zincblende CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots.

The effects of lattice strain on the spectroscopy and photoluminescence quantum yields of zincblende CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots are examined. The quantum yields are measured as a function of core size and shell thickness. High quantum yields are achieved as long as the lattice strain energy density is below ∼0.85 eV/nm2, which is considerably greater than the limiting value of 0.59 eV/nm2 for thermodynamic stability of a smooth, defect-free shell, as previously reported (J. Chem. Phys. 2014, 141, 194704). Thus, core/shell quantum dots having strain energy densities between 0.59 and 0.85 eV/nm2 can have very high PL QYs but are metastable with respect to surface defect formation. Such metastable core/shell QDs can be produced by shell deposition at comparatively low temperatures (<140 °C). Annealing of these particles causes partial loss of core pressure and a red shift of the spectrum.
Abstract 2633: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in one carbon metabolism genes are associated with methylation patterns and plasma metabolites in high risk smokers based on gender

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths and most lung cancers are detected at a late stage. Gene promoter hypermethylation is now regarded as a promising biomarker to identify early risk and progression of lung cancer. The one carbon metabolism pathway is postulated to affect DNA methylation because it is necessary for the generation of S-adenosyl methionine or (SAM), the methyl donor for cellular DNA methylation reactions, through complex interactions with metabolites including folate, homocysteine, and methionine. This study investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in one carbon metabolism related genes with DNA promoter hypermethylation in sputum cell DNA from current and former smokers in the Lovelace Smokers Cohort (n=907). The association of SNPs with methylation was analyzed by logistic regression using gender specific high and low methylation cutoffs from a 12 gene methylation panel as the outcome. SNPs in the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase (MTRR) genes were found to be statistically associated with methylation in a gender specific fashion (CBS SNP, OR=4.9; CI: 1.98, 12.2, p=.0006 in males) and (MTRR SNP, OR= 0.57, CI: 0.42, 0.77, p=0.0003 in females). Plasma homocysteine levels and the ratio of homocysteine to cystathionine increased in male samples with heterozygous or homozygous minor alleles of the CBS SNP compared to male samples with homozygous common alleles (n=86). This study suggests that SNPs in the CBS and MTRR genes are associated with methylation patterns in smokers by gender. The CBS SNP may be important in regulating plasma homocysteine and cystathionine levels that could theoretically mediate the aberrant DNA methylation in smokers at high risk to develop lung cancer. Grant Support: This work is supported by K01CA128823 NCI (Flores) and R01CA097356 NCI (Belinsky). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2633. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2633
Study on evaluation index system of health knowledge among permanent residents in Beijing

Objective To establish an evaluation index system of health knowledge among permanent residents in Beijing. Methods By using multi-staged stratified cluster sampling method,questionnaire survey was conducted among permanent residents aged 18 to 79 years old. The answers were scored according to the error answer of 0,the correct answer of 1. The reliability and validity were assessed by SPSS 15. 0. The confirmatory factor analysis was proceeded by AMOS 7. 0. Results 16 249 valid questionnaires were collected,the valid rate was 99. 9%. The Myer's index was 12. 4. Cronbach's α coefficient and split-half reliability were 0. 795 and 0. 794,respectively. Five factors of health knowledge were well fitted( χ2= 33370. 992,P 0. 01,GFI = 0. 910,RMR = 0. 006,RMSEA = 0. 034,AGFI = 0. 903). Age,gender, educational level,urban and rural are influencing factors of the level of health knowledge. The distribution trend of health knowledge level is same to relevant reports. Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation index system had a good reliability and validity,it should be the foundation for evaluating the level of health knowledge among residents in Beijing or nationwide,and the foundation of formulating the health education and health promotion strategies.
The Anthropology of Natural Scarcity in A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland

Part of the continuing fascination of Johnson’s A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland may lie in its singularity.1 It asks to be read not as a conventional topographical guide but as an extended essay in cultural investigation and interpretation. As such, it is probably a companion to the theory of travel writing that Johnson put forth more than a decade earlier in Idler, No. 97. In that essay, Johnson attacks what he regards as the predictable narratives and generalized decor of most travel books and advocates the careful description of men and manners.2 Travel writing emerges in his view as the product of a differential analysis in which knowledge is acquired through the comparison of different cultures. Elaborating on this principle, Johnson holds that: every nation has something peculiar in its manufactures, its works of genius, its medicines, its agriculture, its customs, and its policy. He only is a useful traveller who brings home something by which his country may be benefited; who procures some supply of want or some mitigation of evil, which may enable his readers to compare their condition with that of others, to improve it whenever it is worse, and whenever it is better to enjoy it. (Idler, Adventurer, 300)
The complex nature of storm‐time ion dynamics: Transport and local acceleration

Data from the Van Allen Probes Helium, Oxygen, Proton, Electron (HOPE) spectrometers reveal hitherto unresolved spatial structure and dynamics in ion populations. Complex regions of O+ dominance, at energies from a few eV to >10 keV, are observed throughout the magnetosphere. Isolated regions on the dayside that are rich in energetic O+ might easily be interpreted as strong energization of ionospheric plasma. We demonstrate, however, that both the energy spectrum and the limited MLT extent of these features can be explained by energy-dependent drift of particles injected on the night side 24 hours earlier. Particle tracing simulations show that the energetic O+ can originate in the magnetotail, not in the ionosphere. Enhanced wave activity is co-located with the heavy-ion rich plasma and we further conclude that the waves were not a source of free energy for accelerating ionospheric plasma but rather the consequence of the arrival of substorm-injected plasma.
Potential Benefits and Shortcomings of Marine Protected Areas for Small Seabirds Revealed Using Miniature Tags

Marine protected areas are considered important tools for protecting marine biodiversity, and animal tracking is a key way to determine if boundaries are effectively placed for protection of key marine species, including seabirds. We tracked chick-rearing brown noddies (Anous stolidus) from the Dry Tortugas National Park in Florida USA in 2016 using 1.8 g Nanofix GPS tags (n = 10), making this the first time this species has ever been tracked. We determined movement parameters, such as flight speed, distance traveled and home range, and how birds used a complex of marine protected areas including the Dry Tortugas National Park which is largely no-take (i.e., no fishing or extraction permitted), and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, of which two Ecological Reserves totaling 517.9 km2 are no-take. Birds remained largely within marine protected areas, with 91.3% of birds’ locations and 58.8% of the birds’ total home range occurring within the MPAs, and 79.2% of birds’ locations and 18.2% of the birds’ total home range within no-take areas. However areas of probable foraging, indicated by locations where birds had high-residence time, were found within one of the MPAs only 64.7% of the time, and only 6.7% of those locations were in no-take areas. Birds traveled a mean straight line distance from the colony of 37.5 km, primarily using the region to the southwest of the colony where the shelf break and Loop Current occur. High-residence-time locations were found in areas of significantly higher sea surface temperature and closer to the shelf break than low residency locations. A sea surface temperature front occurs near the shelf edge, likely indicative of where Sargassum seaweed is entrained, providing habitat for forage species. Much of this region, however, falls outside the boundaries of the marine protected areas, and brown noddies and other species breeding in the Dry Tortugas may interact with fisheries via resource competition or discard foraging. The complex of marine protected areas in the region encompasses a large portion of the overall habitat for this small seabird species, however a large portion of the key foraging habitat fell outside the boundaries of the
The true identity of Dixa modesta Johannsen (Diptera: Dixidae) resolved: synonymy of Dixa similis Johannsen, designation of the Dixa ubiquita species group, and description of three new eastern Nearctic species

Examination of the lectotype male of Dixa modesta Johannsen revealed this species has a confused taxonomic history. It was discovered that Dixa modesta and Dixa similis Johannsen are based on the same nominal species, the former having priority. As a result, Dixa similis falls into synonymy with Dixa modesta (syn. nov.). The species long considered to correspond to the latter (since 1966 if not earlier), i.e., Dixa modesta sensu Peters, comprises three distinct sibling species based on a combination of morphological and molecular evidence. Adults of each sibling are described herein ( D. elkmontensis sp. nov., D. ubiquita sp. nov., D. vockerothi sp. nov.), and the D . ubiquita species group is proposed to include them. Morphological diagnoses and a dichotomous key are provided to separate adult males of the D. ubiquita group from those of all other Nearctic species and each other, respectively. Molecular diagnoses are provided to allow identification of any life stage of these three siblings. Updated life history and distributional data are also reported for each sibling.
Determinacy and Rational Choice

Suppose we have a fully determinate rational choice theory that will tell each of us what to do in a particular interactive choice context and suppose each of us knows the positions of all the others. From our theory I can calculate not only what I ought to do but also what each other agent in the interaction ought rationally to do. Given knowledge of what each other agent should do, I can check whether I could in fact do better by not following the theory. If that theory yields determinate solutions, in the sense that it tells each of us explicitly what to do, these solutions must be in equilibrium for rational players who have full knowledge of the payoff structure, who have this theory, and who assume that their co-players are rational and have this theory.
Variations on the Donoho–Stark Uncertainty Principle Estimate

We examine estimates of the form $$\begin{aligned} \Vert f\Vert _{L^2}\le \mathcal {C}(\Vert f-P_Af\Vert _{L^2}+\Vert f-Q_Bf\Vert _{L^2}), \end{aligned}$$ for \(f\in L^2(\mathbb {R}^n)\), where \(P_A\) multiplies f by the characteristic function \(\chi _A\) of a measurable set \(A\subset \mathbb {R}^n\) and \(Q_B\) multiplies its Fourier transform \(\hat{f}\) by \(\chi _B\). We discuss a hierarchy of estimates, starting with a classical estimate of Donoho and Stark. For comparison, we look at estimates of the form above that follow from identities related to the Shannon sampling theorem.
Tiling the Bunny: Quad Layouts for Efficient 3D Geometry Representation

Ultimately, any information to be processed by computers must be represented as a plain sequence of numbers. This poses a major challenge when representing complex 3D shapes. Marcel Campen's research explores how to efficiently identify a good quad layout (a partition of a surface into simple four-sided pieces). This article shows how novel algorithmic ideas can be combined to form both automatic and interactive quad-layout generation pipelines.
Estimate of total heat transfer in two- and three-dimensional solid bodies utilizing the product of mean temperatures for the intersecting one-dimensional solid bodies

The objective of this technical paper is to utilize the product solution method in a direct way to estimate the total heat transfer from (to) two- and three-dimensional solid bodies to (from) surrounding fluids by using the mean temperatures for the intersecting one-dimensional solid bodies. Typical multi-dimensional solid bodies correspond to 2-D large rectangular columns, 2-D finite cylinders and 3-D parallelepipeds. Thermal design engineers, as well as instructors and students in heat transfer courses, will be the direct beneficiaries of the outcome of the technical paper.
Measurement of Solvent Accessibility at Protein-Protein Interfaces

Abstract Methods are presented for monitoring solvent accessibility of protein-ligand and protein-protein interfaces. The kinetics of solvent accessibility at the protein-protein interface is monitored by amide hydrogen/deuterium (H/2H) exchange detected by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). A straightforward theoretical analysis is presented for determining the concentration of a weakly binding ligand that is required for achieving a situation in which the receptor is essentially 100% bound, and this is verified by control experiments. We show that when the receptor is essentially 100% bound it is possible to distinguish amide exchange as a result of solvent accessibility at the interface from amide exchange caused by complex dissociation. Methods are also presented for the measurement of tightly bound complexes of large interactions such as antibody-antigen complexes. Quantitation of the number of amides sequestered at the interface can be related to the number of H2O molecules excluded from the interface.
Specifying Enterprise Web-Oriented Architecture

The Web-Oriented Architecture (WOA) is a new software architectural style that extends Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) style to the Web. The WOA is originally created by many new web applications and sites, such as social websites and personal publish websites. The EWOA is expected to be a part of next generation of Enterprise Service-Oriented Architecture (ESOA) for enterprise. In this chapter, we specify the Enterprise WOA (EWOA) both structurally and behaviorally based on the generic model of ESOA. We analyze the software quality attributes of EWOA as well as the relationship between EWOA and ESOA. We also discuss how EWOA meets the enterprise requirements for high-assurance service computing.
Direct and Large Eddy Simulation of Two-Phase Flows with Evaporation

The modeling of turbulent two-phase flows is a subject of interest both to those who wish to understand and predict natural phenomena (e.g. clouds, tornadoes, volcanic clast dispersion, etc.) and those who wish to design and optimize engineered products (combustion devices based on fuel-spray injection such as gas turbine engines or spark ignition engines, augmenters in military aircraft, spray coating whether for painting or for protection against pests, consumer-product sprays such as those dispensed in cans, medical sprays, etc.). Despite the considerable range of applications and the substantial monetary advantages of successful prediction of turbulent two-phase flows, and despite numerous studies addressing modeling of these flows, there is still a lack of consensus for simulating these flows. The results described below are in the context of volumetrically dilute two-phase flows in which the volume of the condensed phase is negligible with respect to that of the carrier gas (e.g. O(10−3)) although the ratio of the condensed-phase mass to that of the carrier gas mass can be a substantial fraction (e.g. O(10−1)) because the density of the condensed phase is larger by a factor of O(103) than that of the gas.
Analysis of fumonisin B1 and its hydrolysis product in tortillas.

Fumonisins are toxic metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme, a fungus that occurs widely in corn. Fumonisins cause leukoencephalomalacia in horses and pulmonary edema in swine and have been suggested as a possible cause of an increased incidence of neural tube defects among people living along the Texas-Mexico border. As part of an effort to determine levels of fumonisins in human food, a liquid chromatographic (LC) method was devised for determining fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) and the total hydrolysis product of FB 1 (HB 1 ) in tortillas. The method uses acetonitrile-0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 3; 1 + 1) extraction, solid-phase C 18 cleanup, o-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol derivatization, and reversed-phase LC. Average recoveries from tortillas spiked with FB 1 and HB 1 at 250, 500, and 1000 ng/g were 86.5% for FB 1 and 82.6% for HB 1 Tortillas (54) and masa (8) from the Texas-Mexico border were analyzed for FB 1 and HB 1 Average amounts of FB 1 and HB 1 in tortillas were 187 and 82 ng/g, respectively. Average amounts of FB 1 and HB 1 in masas were 262 and 64 ng/g, respectively. The results show that fumonisin B 1 and its hydrolysis product are present in tortillas consumed by a population experiencing an increased incidence of neural tube defects.