cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The first two steps after the signal arrives: Verify and tell the world

Abstract The Discovery and subsequent verification of a suspected ETI signal will have the most profound impact imaginable upon all inhabitants of our planet. The first responsibility of the community involved in SETI is to assure that a suspected ETI signal is real. The second responsibility is to guarantee that the signal is subjected to objective, scientific analysis.
A re-evaluation of Potentilla drummondii and P. breweri (Rosaceae), with the new species Potentilla morefieldii

Herbarium, field, and garden observations of thePotentilla drummondii complex result in the recognition of three subspecies:P. drummondii subsp.drummondii, subsp.bruceae, and subsp.breweri, the last being a new combination. Other possible segregates,P. breweri var.viridis andP. millefolia var.algida, are discussed and rejected as distinct taxa. Specimens from the White Mountains of California previously annotated as subsp.bruceae, however, are recognized as a new species,P. morefieldii, more closely related toP. concinna. A description, illustration, and key are provided.
SU‐E‐T‐456: Comparison of Dosimetric Effect of Translational Setup Errors for Total Scalp Irradiation Using Conventional Photon‐Electron Combination, IMRT and VMAT Techniques

Purpose: IMRT and VMAT showed superior total scalp coverage and uniformity over conventional photon/electron combination technique. This study is to investigate and compare the dosimetric effects of translational setup errors for these techniques. Methods: Three total scalp irradiation patients were studied. For each patient, three treatment plans were generated using conventional, IMRT and SmartArc VMAT technique. In order to evaluate the dosimetric effect due to translational setup errors, 36 additional plans were calculated for each patient on the planning‐CT image, which included isocenter shift of 2mm and 5mm in lateral (LR), anterior‐posterior (AP) and superior‐inferior (SI) directions for each of the three plans. The dose distributions for target and organs at risk (OAR) (brain, brainstem and spinal cord) from the 36 plans were compared to the original plans and among the three techniques using dose‐volume histograms, tumor‐volume coverage of prescription dose and the maximum OAR dose. Results: Conventional plans were robust to lateral shift (less than 0.8% tumor coverage drop and less than 0.8cGy brain mean dose increases for up to 5 mm isocenter shift) because only lateral beams were used. Tumor coverage drops were apparent when isocenter moved towards posterior and superior scalp. At 2mm shift, tumor coverage drop for VMAT plans were comparable to conventional plans (LR 0.4%, AP 1.4%, SI 2.3%), while for IMRT plans, the coverage dropped 3.3%, 3.0% and 2.6% in LR, AP and SI direction, respectively. At 5mm shift, both IMRT and VMAT plans had significant higher coverage drop than conventional plans with IMRT plans the worst in all directions. OAR dose increases were less than 50cGy for conventional plans, and were up to 150cGy for IMRT and VMAT plans at 2mm isocenter shift. Conclusions: The dosimetric effect were comparable between VMAT and conventional technique when translational setup errors were within 2mm. IMRT plans showed worse effect than VMAT.
Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease in the Post-Surfactant Era

This is a brief review of neonatal chronic lung disease, sometimes called the ‘new bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)’. The clinical, radiographic and pathological features of this condition have change
Impact of fellowship training on pathologic outcomes and complication rates of radical prostatectomy

BACKGROUND The study was conducted to assess the results of radical prostatectomy (RP) performed by fellowship-trained surgeons in the first year of independent practice. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 66 men who underwent RP performed by 2 recently graduated fellowship-trained surgeons (C.J.R., n = 27; A.M.K., n = 39) in their first year of independent practice was undertaken. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative data were collected and analyzed. Median follow-up of the cohort is 12.5 months. RESULTS The median patient age was 61.2 ± 6.9 years (range, 44–74 years), the median prostate-specific antigen level was 5 ng/mL (range, 1.2–39.4 ng/mL), and the median prostate biopsy-determined Gleason score was 7. Of the 66 men, 25 (38%) underwent a bilateral nerve-sparing RP, 20 (30%) underwent a unilateral nerve-sparing RP, and 21 (32%) underwent a nonnerve-sparing procedure. Forty-two men (63%) underwent a pelvic lymph node dissection. The median operative time was 201 minutes. Median estimated blood loss was 734 mL (range, 300–1600 mL). There were 4 major complications—a pulmonary embolism in 3 patients and an intraoperative rectal injury in 1. Pathologic classification was as follows: pT2, 74%; pT3a, 23%; pT3b, 2%; and pN+, 2%. The positive margin rate was 14% overall and only 2% in men with pT2 disease. CONCLUSIONS Results of RP performed by fellowship-trained surgeons in their first year of practice compare favorably with results of RP in a large series reported by more experienced surgeons. Being trained in an environment where an experienced surgeon serves as first assistant to the trainee appears to abbreviate the learning curve associated with this procedure. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Selden's model of inflation: A reexamination

Abstract Selden has presented a model which appears to offer strong support for a monetary explanation of inflation. Using bivariate regression to relate percentage changes in quarterly prices to percentage changes in M1 in previous quarters, he finds values of R 2 from 0.70 to 0.88 and t -statistics of 12 or more when using data for the U.S., Canada, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Unfortunately, the unreported DW statistics for the regressions range from 0.30 to 0.46. Reestimated with a correction for autocorrelation, the t -statistics collapse, values of rho are almost unity, and there is little evidence to support a monetary explanation of inflation.
Women in Student Affairs: Past, Present, and Future Leaders

In 2010, three women from the University of the Pacific came together for a panel presentation at the annual National Association of Student Personnel Administrators (NASPA) conference to discuss their diverse experiences in student affairs. All recognized leaders in NASPA, these women reflected the rich history and promising future of student affairs. The initial stories they shared were later supplemented by additional conversations and narratives from two other women in student affairs at the university. Together, these five women, from senior student affairs officers to up-and-coming new professionals, represent different generations, ethnicities, and cultures. The stories shared in this article represent the experiences of women from different generations, providing insight into common ground and emerging perspectives on leadership.
Disparities in Child Well-Being Across Income Groups: Trends in the U.S. from 1985 to 2008

The income available in children’s families can profoundly impact child well-being, and the recent economic recession has drawn renewed attention to income inequality in the U.S. The present research is the first-ever to assess changing disparities in well-being among U.S. children who live in families with vastly different incomes through the use of an overall composite index that incorporates wide ranging domains and indicators of child well-being. Annually since 2004, Kenneth Land and colleagues have developed new results and presented findings for the Foundation for Child Development Child Well-Being Index (CWI) to monitor changes in overall child well-being for the U.S. To study changing disparities in child well-being across five income groups from 1985 to 2008, the present research combines this general approach for calculating a national CWI with a methodology developed by Hernandez and Macartney for assessing both levels and disparities in child well-being. The primary aim is to track and describe these trends, but some attention is devoted to discussion of public policies relevant to several indicators. Results regarding trends in overall well-being show for every income group that the small to negligible changes occurring between 1985 and 1992 were followed by substantial increases in well-being to a historic peak in 2000 for the overall index, and for specific income groups in one of the years between 1998 and 2003. This in turn was followed changes that led to a decline in well-being by 2008 for every income group.
Texture in Ti/Al and Nb/Al multilayer thin films: Role of Cu

Fiber texture in Ti/Al and Nb/Al polycrystalline multilayer thin films, with bilayer thicknesses (Λ) ranging from 20–333 nm and having a fixed stoichiometry of 1/3, has been investigated by using x-ray pole figures and transmission electron microscopy. Two sets of films were deposited; one set contained pure Al and the other Al–1.0 wt% Cu. The results indicated that texture was strengthened by the formation of a coherent superlattice for the Nb/pure-Al film with the smallest bilayer thickness. By contrast, the texture in Ti/pure-Al films with a similar period was not as strong. The texture also decreased with increasing Λ for both the Ti/pure-Al and Nb/pure-Al films. An increase in the width of the Al (111) peak and an offset of the fiber axis from the substrate normal of 5–8° was observed in the Λ = 333 nm films prepared by using Al–1.0 wt% Cu. The decrease in texture on addition of Cu to Al was attributed primarily to an increase in interlayer roughness as a consequence of reduction in the Al(Cu) grain size. These observations were interpreted in the context of structure zone and dynamic roughness models of film growth.
HYPERTROPHIC OSTEOPATHY CHARACTERIZED BY NUCLEAR SCINTIGRAPHY IN A HORSE

A five year old American Saddlebred gelding was admitted to the University of Illinois Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with a history of multiple leg lameness, depression and intermittent fever for a duration of six months. Physical examination revealed the horse to be underweight, depressed and afebrile. No abnormalities were detected during auscultation of the heart and lungs. All limbs possessed multiple hard swellings of the distal long bones and digits. The horse walked with a stiff gait and was reluctant to trot. Nuclear scintigraphy of the distal limbs revealed multiple areas of focally increased uptake in all limbs. Radiographs of several sites on the distal limbs showed evidence of periosteal new bone production corresponding to the areas of abnormal uptake. The horse was euthanized and at necropsy chronic, multifocal, fibrous pericarditis and epicarditis were observed grossly. The left atrial myocardium contained areas of osseous metaplasia. Histological evaluation of the distal long bones revealed proliferative periosteal new bone formation consistent with a diagnosis of hypertrophic osteopathy.
Toward the Digital Design Studio: Large Display Explorations

ABSTRACT Inspired by our automotive and product design customers using large displays in design centers, visualization studios, and meeting rooms around the world, we have been exploring the use and potential of large display installations for almost a decade. Our research has touched on many aspects of this rich design space, from individual tools to complete systems, and has generally moved through the life cycle of a design artifact: from the creation phase, through communication and collaboration, to presentation and dissemination. As we attempt to preserve creative flow through the phases, we introduce social structures and constraints that drive the design of possible point solutions in the larger context of a digital design studio trail environment built in the lab. Although many of the interactions presented are viable across several design phases, this article focuses primarily on facilitating collaboration. We conclude with critical lessons learned of both what avenues have been fruitful and whi...
An intracerebroventricular perfusion system developed for the study of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs in the rat.

Abstract A method for the complete construction and employment of an intracerebroventricular perfusion system for the rat brain is described. Rats maintained on the system for up to 7 hr displayed no detectable change in cardiovascular status. Penetration of intracerebroventricular-administered methylene blue dye into all areas of the cerebroventricles demonstrated the accessibility of the injection volume throughout the ventricular system. The hypotensive and bradycardic response produced by a 1.5-mug/kg dose of clonidine (a centrally active antihypertensive agent) administered via the intracerebroventricular implant was of considerably greater magnitude and duration than an equivalent intravenous dose. Administration of [ 3 H]-labeled clonidine via the intracerebroventricular implant resulted in relatively minor accumulation of the drug into peripheral organs, when compared to that found in the brain. These supportive data suggest the general applicability of this approach for studying the selective central effects of pharmacologic agents in a relatively inexpensive and easily procured laboratory animal.
The effect of articulation style on perception of modulated tempo

We investigated the effect of legato and staccato articulation styles on the perception of modulated tempos. Ninety music majors served as participants. Listeners heard music examples that had been selected from two pieces, each of which included staccato and legato passages. Excerpts were presented to listeners in three conditions of tempo modulation: gradual increases, gradual decreases, or no change. Modulations were produced in small increments so that listeners would not notice any abrupt change in tempo. Results indicated that articulation style and direction of modulation affected listener perception of tempo, and these two factors interacted significantly. All staccato stimuli were judged as increasing in tempo more than legato stimuli; however, differences between the two articulation styles were perceived as larger in tempo-increase examples compared to the no-change and tempo-decrease examples. Implications for performance practice and teaching are discussed.
Gene marking after bone marrow transplantation

50. Dillon N. Regulating gene expression in gene therapy. Trends Biotechnoll993,11,167-173. 51. Comelis JJ, Becquart P, Duponchel N, et al. Transformation of human fibroblasts by ionizing radiation, a chemical carcinogen, or simian virus 40 correlates with an increase in susceptibility to the autonomous parvoviruses H-l virus and minute virus of mice. J Viroll988,62,1679-1686. 52. Russell SJ, Brandenburger A, Flemming CL, Collins MKL, Rommelaere J. Transformation-dependent expression of interleukin genes delivered by a recombinant parvovirus. J Virol 1992, 66, 2821-2828. 53. Friedman JM, Babiss LE, Clayton DF, Damell Jr JE. Cellular promoters incorporated into the adenovirus genome: cell specificity of albumin and immunoglobulin expression. Mol Cell&o1 1986,6, 3791-3797. 54. Babiss LE, Friedman JM, DamelI Jr JE. Cellular promoters incorporated into the adenovirus genome: effect of viral DNA replication on endogenous and exogenous gene transcription. 7 Mol Bioll987,193,643-650. 57.
Making Microscopy Motivating, Memorable, & Manageable for Undergraduate Students with Digital Imaging Laboratories

Microscopy and precise observation are essential skills that are challenging to teach effectively to large numbers of undergraduate biology students. We implemented student-driven digital imaging assignments for microscopy in a large-enrollment laboratory for organismal biology. We detail how we promoted student engagement with the material and how we assessed student learning in both formative and summative formats using digital images. Students worked in pairs to collect over 60 digital images of their microscopic observations over the semester and then individually created electronic portfolios, which were submitted for a grade.
Kenyan Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality: Genetics or Not?

Our world is shrinking because of computerized linkages and the mobility of society. Information is shared rapidly around the world. Issues surrounding newborn and infant nursing are global. In efforts to acknowledge the international community, each Newborn and Infant Nursing Review (NAINR) issue will feature a column that highlights care-related issues from a featured country or region of the world. This article focuses on Kenya. Newborn and infant health issues are global ones. To review issues occurring in different areas of the world, a different area of the globe will be featured that addresses NAINR's theme-oriented topic. This month, Kenya will be featured. Our guest author is Florence Mubichi, MS, MPH, RN, faculty from the University of Oklahoma College of Nursing (Oklahoma City, OK) and regional network contact for the Council of International Neonatal Nurses for Kenya. This month's article focuses on genetics.
Off the street and into “the cut”: Deterrence and displacement in NYC's quality of life marijuana policing

This paper examines the accounts of NYC marijuana smokers about the information and values underlying decisions about where to smoke. We do so to assess the deterrent value of NYC's “quality of life” policing of marijuana in public view. Participants indicated a general awareness of escalated marijuana policing and its attendant risks and almost universally spoke of avoiding public use in high-traffic locations and in the city's cultural and commercial centres. Beyond that, however, the deterrent value of aggressive marijuana policing appears limited. Individuals without access to private space reported outdoor marijuana use as a normalized peer group activity that has increasingly been displaced to marginal and interstitial public spaces that were collectively referred to by participants as “the cut.”
A Typology of Oppositional Knowledge: Democracy and the U.S. Peace Movement:

Institutionally privileged political discourses not only legitimate the policy agendas of power-holders, but also de-legitimate dissent. Oppositional discourses are social movement responses to the...
Laptop Learning: A Comparison of Teaching and Learning in Upper Elementary Classrooms Equipped with Shared Carts of Laptops and Permanent 1:1 Laptops:

This study compares teaching and learning activities in 4th and 5th grade classrooms that were permanently equipped with one laptop for each student and classrooms that share a cart of laptops that create a 1:1 laptop environment on a temporary basis. The study originated from a question posed to us by Andover Public Schools (MA): “How does teaching and learning differ when upper elementary students (4th and 5th graders) are provided with their own laptop computers?” In response to this question, we undertook an intensive two month study that employed a mixed methodology that included student surveys, student drawings, teacher interviews, and 56 structured classroom observations. The findings summarized in this article provide evidence of several differences in teaching and learning activities between the two settings. Classrooms that were fully equipped with 1:1 laptops showed more technology use across the curriculum, more use of technology at home for academic purposes, less large group instruction, an...
Inkjet Printing of Anode Supported SOFC: Comparison of Slurry Pasted Cathode and Printed Cathode

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) were fabricated by depositing NiO/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode interlayer, YSZ electrolyte layer, and strontium-doped lanthanum manganate (LSM)-YSZ and LSM cathode layers on a NiO―YSZ support using an inkjet printing method with potential for high reproducibility and design flexibility. The cells exhibited a stable open-circuit voltage of 1.1 V and a maximum power density of 430―460 mW/cm 2 at 850°C for hydrogen. For comparison, cells similar in all respects except for utilizing conventional hand-pasted slurry for the cathode layers, were tested and shown to have similar electrochemical performance. Altering the rheological property of the ink and/or the printing process parameter altered the microstructure of printed layers.
Role Played by Hypothalamic Nuclear Factor-κB in Alcohol-Mediated Activation of the Rat Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

The DNA binding protein nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus in response to stressors. Here we determined whether the known ability of alcohol to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary axis was mediated by NF-κB, tested the hypothesis that this phenomenon was accompanied by increased hypothalamic NF-κB transcripts, and investigated some of the mechanisms involved in this response. We found that alcohol-induced increase in plasma ACTH was blunted by the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of a cell-permeable peptide that inhibits NF-κB translocation. Alcohol also increased hypothalamic inhibitory factor κB (IκB) mRNA levels, a factor that regulates NF-κB protein activation and the activity of NF-κB DNA binding and whose expression is thought to reflect NF-κB activity. This response, which was not accompanied by detectable changes in brain levels of proinflammatory cytokines, was partially retained in adrenalectomized/corticosterone-replaced rats....
Hand intrinsic muscle reanimation by transfer of the distal portion of the anterior interosseous nerve

This brief article describes the technique of hand intrinsic muscle reanimation using the anterior interosseous nerve for both specific median- and ulnar nerve-based deficits.
The Specific-Force Performance Parameter for Electromagnetic Launchers

A new electromagnetic-launcher (EML) performance parameter called the specific force is presented and analyzed in this paper. The specific force is the second derivative of the EML's force equation with respect to current and represents the force generated by the EML per unit square ampere, i.e., the EML's current efficiency. The specific force is independent of operating current and is defined for EMLs utilizing linear and nonlinear magnetic materials. The second derivative is termed as the specific force, since it unifies the various EML geometries so that only one force equation is required. The specific force, together with the energy-conversion efficiency, can be used as criterion to evaluate and compare EML geometries for various applications. The specific force for conventional railguns, augmented railguns, conventional helical launchers, and high-efficiency helical launchers is derived in this paper. The experimental performance of conventional railguns, augmented railguns, and conventional helical launchers are also analyzed in terms of their specific-force parameters.
Update on Banned Substances 2013

Context:Doping has been pervasive throughout the history of athletic competitions and has only recently been regulated by organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), US Anti-Doping A...
Unattached Kinetochores Catalyze Production of an Anaphase Inhibitor that Requires a Mad2 Template to Prime Cdc20 for BubR1 Binding

Premature anaphase onset is prevented by the mitotic checkpoint through production of a "wait anaphase" inhibitor(s) that blocks recognition of cyclin B and securin by Cdc20-activated APC/C, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets them for destruction. Using physiologically relevant levels of Mad2, Bub3, BubR1, and Cdc20, we demonstrate that unattached kinetochores on purified chromosomes catalytically generate a diffusible Cdc20 inhibitor or inhibit Cdc20 already bound to APC/C. Furthermore, the chromosome-produced inhibitor requires both recruitment of Mad2 by Mad1 that is stably bound at unattached kinetochores and dimerization-competent Mad2. We show that purified chromosomes promote BubR1 binding to APC/C-Cdc20 by acting directly on Mad2, but not BubR1. Our results support a model in which immobilized Mad1/Mad2 at kinetochores provides a template for initial assembly of Mad2 bound to Cdc20 that is then converted to a final mitotic checkpoint inhibitor with Cdc20 bound to BubR1.
Identifying land cover variability distinct from land cover change: Cheatgrass in the Great Basin

Abstract An understanding of land use/land cover change at local, regional, and global scales is important in an increasingly human-dominated biosphere. Here, we report on an under-appreciated complexity in the analysis of land cover change important in arid and semi-arid environments. In these environments, some land cover types show a high degree of inter-annual variability in productivity. In this study, we show that ecosystems dominated by non-native cheatgrass ( Bromus tectorum ) show an inter-annual amplified response to rainfall distinct from native shrub/bunch grass in the Great Basin, US. This response is apparent in time series of Landsat and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) that encompass enough time to include years with high and low rainfall. Based on areas showing a similar amplified response elsewhere in the Great Basin, 20,000 km 2 , or 7% of land cover, are currently dominated by cheatgrass. Inter-annual patterns, like the high variability seen in cheatgrass-dominated areas, should be considered for more accurate land cover classification. Land cover change science should be aware that high inter-annual variability is inherent in annual dominated ecosystems and does not necessarily correspond to active land cover change.
Eikenella Corrodens Cervical Spinal Epidural Abscess Induced by a Fish Bone

Cervical spinal epidural abscess, caused by fish bone injury and a secondary infection by Eikenella corrodens which is part of the normal flora, has not been reported. A 72-yr-old man came to the hospital with pain in his posterior neck and both shoulders for 2 months. He also was experiencing weakness on his right side for 3 days. A fish bone had been stuck in his throat for about 2 months. Neurological examination revealed right hemiparesis, hypesthesia on the left extremities and neck stiffness. Laboratory findings showed an elevated ESR/CRP and leukocytosis, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a retropharyngeal abscess and cervical myelitis. The patient was treated with emergency surgical decompression and antibiotics. A fish bone was removed from the C3-C4 intervertebral disc space. In the culture of chocolate blood agar and 5% sheep blood agar plate, E. corrodens was detected as a causative organism.
Applying ant colony optimization metaheuristic to solve forest transportation planning problems with side constraints

Forest transportation planning problems (FTPP) have evolved from considering only the financial aspects of timber management to more holistic problems that also consider the environmental impacts of roads. These additional re- quirements have introduced side constraints, making FTPP larger and more complex. Mixed-integer programming (MIP) has been used to solve FTPP, but its application has been limited by the difficulty of solving large, real-world problems within a reasonable time. To overcome this limitation of MIP, we applied the ant colony optimization (ACO) metaheuristic to develop an ACO-based heuristic algorithm that efficiently solves large and complex forest transportation problems with side constraints. Three hypothetical FTPP were created to test the performance of the ACO algorithm. The environmental impact of forest roads represented by sediment yields was incorporated into the economic analysis of roads as a side con- straint. Four different levels of sediment constraints were analyzed for each problem. The solutions from the ACO algo- rithm were compared with those obtained from a commercially available MIP solver. The ACO solutions were equal to or slightly worse than the MIP solution, but the ACO algorithm took only a fraction of the computation time that was re- quired by the MIP solver.
PERSPECTIVE ON REQUIRED PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR NEUROMORPHIC DEVICES

Cognitive computing has capability of machine learning, recognition and proposal. It is essential to make human life richer, more productive and more intelligent. For the realization of the cognitive computing, an efficient and scalable non-von Neumann architecture inspired by the human brain structure has been developed and a device which demonstrates the concept was also built. This device mimics the signal processing of the human brain, packing one million neuron circuits in 4,096 cores. It consumes almost 1,000 times less energy per event compared with a state-of-the-art multiprocessor. However, one million neurons only correspond to those of the bee's brain, and to mimic the brains of higher order animals, the inter-chip wiring becomes much more important, because this kind of neuromorphic device requires a large number of parallel signal lines for massive parallel signal operations. 3D chip stacking is, of course, a crucial technology in achieving the device. Technologies associated with 3D stacking...
Extensor indicis proprius opponensplasty.

Opponensplasty using the extensor indicis proprius routed subcutaneously around the ulnar side of the forearm and across the palm to the extensor pollicis longus tendons in the region of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint restored excellent thumb function in fifty-seven of sixty-five forearms: nine
Pretherapeutic circulating endostatin levels in patients with gastric cancer

10095 Background: Endostatin is an antiangiogenic fragment of collagen XVIII and is generated by tumor-derived proteases. The functional activity of circulating endostatin is currently unknown. Thi...
Transient Infrared Stimulated Photoconductivity in a-SI:H at Low Temperatures

Dual beam photoconductivity with bandgap primary light and hv = 0.4- 0.6eV infrared light steps was measured with Ims time resolution in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) at 4.2K. The results can be described by assuming that the photocurrent transients are due to energy-loss hopping of photocarriers and that the infrared light promotes recombination by reexciting photocarriers thereby enhancing the probability of tunneling recombination.
COMPARISON OF VELOCITY ESTIMATORS FOR WAKE VORTEX DETECTION

National Aeronautics and Space Administration researchers are investigating the use of Ka-Band pulsed Doppler radar to detect wing tip generated wake vortices in foul weather conditions. Numerical simulation studies have determined that signal to noise ratios for the radar hardware are expected in the range from 0 to -15 dl3. Current methods for estimating Doppler velocity are based on autocorrelation and Fourier analysis. A wavelet based method is described that relates signed wavelet scaling index to Doppler velocity. Results are derived from the Terminal Area Simulation System and a numerical Doppler radar model. Two schemes for estimating power spectral density coupled with two methods for estimating mean velocity (four different methods altogether) are compared with the wavelet based method. This new algorithm computes an index and yields a subjective improvement of 6 dB SNR over the other four methods.
Application and comparison of 3 kinds of Vibrio parahemolyticus using sero-grouping,PFGE-typing and ERIC-typing

Objective:To analyze the epidemic type of Vibrio parahemolyticus(VP) using typing method,trace the paternity,and provide the basis for tracing the infection resource.Methods: Sero-groupes of VP was classified by diagnostic serum and genotyped by PFGE and ERIC.Results: There were 607 strains from marine food products to be classified into ten O serogroupes,thirty strains cannot be classified into any O serogroups uptoday.Classification rate was 94.64%.The epidemic dominant strains were O6 group and O5 group.480 strains from patients were classified into six O serogroups,and the epidemic dominant strain was O3 group.There were 377 strains from marine food products to be classified into 29 PFGE types,and 480 strains from patients to be classified into 12 types.There were 261 strains from multi-sources to be classified into 42 ERIC gene-types.Conclusion: Three methods all can be used as the classification method of VP with their own characteristics.Gene-type method will gradually replace traditional phenotype classification technology because of its advantages such as high sensitivity,strong specificity,good classification rate and high resolution.
Thoughts on Improving Teaching Quality in Newly-established University

It is highly necessary for the newly-established university to develop under the guidance of correct educational ideas and construct management system in accordance with university-running mode,adjust the layout of disciplines with special characteristics,improve conditions,strengthen teaching staff and curriculum construction,perfect teaching supervision system.To achieve sustainable development,we must make innovations in the ideas,management and system as a whole,carry out teaching reform and speed up the transformation from junior college education to undergraduate education.
Incomplete Spontaneous Recovery from Airway Obstruction During Inhaled Anesthesia Induction: A Computational Simulation.

Background Inhaled induction with spontaneous respiration is a technique used for difficult airways. One of the proposed advantages is if airway patency is lost, the anesthetic agent will spontaneously redistribute until anesthetic depth is reduced and airway patency can be recovered. There are little and conflicting clinical or experimental data regarding the kinetics of this anesthetic technique. We used computer simulation to investigate this situation. Methods We used GasMan, a computer simulation of inhaled anesthetic kinetics. For each simulation, alveolar ventilation was initiated with a set anesthetic induction concentration. When the vessel-rich group level reached the simulation specified airway obstruction threshold, alveolar ventilation was set at 0 to simulate complete airway obstruction. The time until the vessel-rich group anesthetic level decreased below the airway obstruction threshold was designated time to spontaneous recovery. We varied the parameters for each simulation, exploring the use of sevoflurane and halothane, airway obstruction threshold from 0.5 to 2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), anesthetic induction concentration 2 to 4 MAC sevoflurane and 4 to 6 MAC halothane, cardiac output 2.5 to 10 L/min, functional residual capacity 1.5 to 3.5 L, and relative vessel-rich group perfusion 67% to 85%. Results In each simulation, there were 3 general phases: anesthetic wash-in, obstruction and overshoot, and then slow redistribution. During the first 2 phases, there was a large gradient between the alveolar and vessel-rich group. Alveolar do not reflect vessel-rich group anesthetic levels until the late third phase. Time to spontaneous recovery varied between 35 and 749 seconds for sevoflurane and 13 and 222 seconds for halothane depending on the simulation parameters. Halothane had a faster time to spontaneous recovery because of the lower alveolar gradient and less overshoot of the vessel-rich group, not faster redistribution. Higher airway obstruction thresholds, decreased anesthetic induction, and higher cardiac output reduced time to spontaneous recovery. To a lesser effect, decreased functional residual capacity and the decreased relative vessel-rich groups' perfusion also reduced the time to spontaneous recovery. Conclusions Spontaneous recovery after complete airway obstruction during inhaled induction is plausible, but the recovery time is highly variable and depends on the clinical and physiologic situation. These results emphasize that induction is a non-steady-state situation, thus effect-site anesthetic levels should be modeled in future research, not alveolar concentration. Finally, this study provides an example of using computer simulation to explore situations that are difficult to investigate clinically.
The need for improved reinforcement learning techniques in intelligent agents

Reinforcement learning is an integral part of intelligent agent research. The development of this field, however, has been largely independent of the latest developments in neural networks. As a result, the most popular designs for intelligent agents utilize neural network architectures from several years ago. This article recommends newer, proven designs for reinforcement learning. The recommended designs share historical roots with the most popular architectures in place today, allowing improved performance without radical redesign of existing agents.
The Theta Divisor

In this section, we study the influence of the theta divisor on the Riemann surface X. The results were given by Riemann in his fundamental paper on abelian functions. The proofs given here are not very different from Riemann’s.
Associations between Maternal Water Consumption and Birth Defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000-2005).

Background Water and water-based beverages constitute a major part of daily fluid intake for pregnant women, yet few epidemiologic studies have investigated the role of water consumption on birth outcomes. Methods We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study to conduct a case–control study investigating associations between maternal water consumption during pregnancy and birth defects (BD). We used interview data on water consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy in 14,454 cases (major BDs n ≥ 50) and 5,063 controls. Total water consumption was analyzed as a continuous variable and in quartiles. We evaluated the role of dietary quality and sugar sweetened beverage consumption. Logistic regression models were used to assess effects of water consumption on risk of BDs with adjustment for relevant covariates. Results Mean daily maternal water consumption among controls was 4.4 eight-ounce glasses. We observed decreases in estimated risk associated with increases in water consumption for several BDs, including neural tube defects (spina bifida), oral clefts (cleft lip), musculoskeletal defects (gastroschisis, limb deficiencies), and congenital heart defects (hypoplastic left heart syndrome, right-sided obstructions, pulmonary valve stenosis). Our results were generally unchanged when an indicator for overall dietary quality was included; however, there was evidence of effect measure modification by heavy consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages for some defects, but not all. Conclusion These analyses suggest the importance of sufficient water consumption during early pregnancy, above and beyond it being a marker of higher diet quality. Additional analyses are warranted to understand the biological mechanism for this association. Birth Defects Research 109:193–202, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical and Basic Aspects of Glucocorticoid Action in Bone

Publisher Summary The chapter describes the effects of glucocortieoids in bones. Cortisol, the glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal gland, is essential in physiologic doses for the differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and modulates the effects of other hormones and mediators of cell function, whereas supraphysiologic doses inhibit bone formation. These direct effects on bone, combined with effects on other systems that indirectly regulate bone metabolism, cause rapid bone loss in patients treated with glucocorticoids. The most commonly prescribed compounds are prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, dexamethasone, and triamcinolone. Glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of asthma, collagen-vascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, granulomatous, and skin diseases. The skeletal response to glucocorticoids is not disease specific, and accelerated bone loss has been described in patients with each of these diseases when they are treated with steroids. The usual risk factors for involutional osteoporosis do not apply to the same extent to glucocorticoid-induced bone loss. The overall effect of glucocorticoids is catabolic. Inhibition of pituitary secretion of growth hormone and alterations in IGF-binding proteins lead to a fall in the biologic activity of growth factors with loss of their anabolic effect on bone and other tissues. Gonadotrophin secretion is inhibited and, along with direct inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on gonadal secretion of estrogen/testosterone, leads to a fall in circulating gonadal hormone concentrations. Deficiency in gonadal hormones causes an increase in bone resorption. Membrane transport systems are also altered by glucocorticoids, resulting in inhibition of gastrointestinal absorption of calcium and decreased renal tubular absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
Eye gaze perception in bipolar disorder: Self-referential bias but intact perceptual sensitivity.

Objectives Deficits in social cognition predict poor functional outcome in severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and autism. However, research findings on social cognition in bipolar disorder (BD) are sparse and inconsistent. This study aimed to characterize a critical social cognitive process-eye gaze perception-and examine its functional correlates in BD to inform psychopathological mechanisms. Methods Thirty participants with BD, 37 healthy controls (HC), and 46 psychiatric controls with schizophrenia (SZ) completed an eye-contact perception task. They viewed faces with varying gaze directions, head orientations, and emotion, and made eye-contact judgments. Psychophysics methods were used to estimate perception thresholds and the slope of the perception curve, which were then compared between the groups and correlated with clinical and functional measures using Bayesian inference. Results Compared with HC, patients with BD over-perceived eye contact when gaze direction was ambiguous, and this self-referential bias was similar to that in SZ. Patients with BD had lower thresholds (i.e., needed weaker eye-contact signal to start perceiving gaze as self-directed) but a similar slope compared with HC. Regression analyses showed that steeper slope predicted better socio-emotional functioning in HC and SZ, but not in BD. Conclusions The psychopathology of social dysfunction was fundamentally different between BD and SZ in this modest sample. Eye gaze perception in BD was characterized by a self-referential bias but preserved perceptual sensitivity, the latter of which distinguished BD from SZ. The relationship between gaze perception and broader socio-emotional functioning in SZ and HC was absent in BD.
Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw in osteoporotic vs oncologic patients—quantifying radiographic appearance and relationship to clinical findings

Objectives:To explore whether differences exist in the clinical and radiographic presentation of oncologic vs osteoporotic patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).Methods:...
En marge du discours « néo-réactionnaire » : Le rap identitaire:

L’omnipresence du discours « neo-reactionnaire » dans le debat public est un des phenomenes les plus remarquables de ce debut de siecle. Alors qu’il continue de s’amplifier et pese plus que jamais ...
Galaxy-CMB Lensing

A long-standing problem in astrophysics is to measure the mass associated with galaxies. Gravitational lensing provides one of the cleanest ways to make this measurement. To date, the most powerful lensing probes of galactic mass have been multiply imaged QSO's (strong lensing of a background point source) and galaxy-galaxy lensing (weak deformation of many background galaxies). Here we point out that the mass associated with galaxies also lenses the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and this effect is potentially detectable in small scale experiments. The signal is small (roughly a few tenths of a microKelvin) but has a characteristic shape and extends out well beyond the visible region of the galaxy.
Speaking with Your Patient about the Problem

In this chapter we will explore various mindsets to approach substance abuse discussions with one’s patients’, use of language, and stigmatization, examples of approaches and themes learned through various video and audio-taping studies exploring appropriateness of how to discuss the issue effectively with patients. Finally, we will explore the idea of Motivational Interviewing, a tactic which was first coined in the early 1980s, and its efficacy with prescription adherence, immediacy of effect, and long-term adherence for recovery. We understand that we may not be able to change the ways of all of our patients with substance abuse issues, however, we hope that we can educate the reader in using the most appropriate and effective strategies when you believe a patient is ready and willing and motivated for recovery.
Dead wives club

Donald L. Rosenstein is a Professor of Psychiatry and Medicine at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he is a Director of the UNC Comprehensive Cancer Support Program and Vice-Ch...
Social Networks and Labor Market Inequality: A Role-playing Activity to Teach Difficult Concepts:

Role-playing activities, as a form of active learning, enable instructors to teach difficult concepts in ways that better facilitate student learning. This note tests the effectiveness of a role-pl...
‘Arming Black Consciousness’: The Formation of the Bokwe Group/Azanian Peoples’ Liberation Front, April 1972–September 1976

The Azanian Peoples’ Liberation Front (APLF) was a little-known Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) organisation that formed in the mid 1970s as a complement to the rising tide of non-violent intern...
Improved exact confidence intervals for a proportion using ranked-set sampling

Abstract We develop new exact confidence intervals for a proportion using ranked-set sampling (RSS). The existing intervals arise from applying the method of Clopper and Pearson (1934) to the total number of successes. We improve on the existing intervals by using the method of Blaker (2000) and by replacing the total number of successes with the maximum likelihood estimator of the proportion. The new intervals outperform the existing intervals in terms of average expected length, and they are also good in an absolute sense, as they come within a few percentage points of a new theoretical bound on the average expected length. Like the existing intervals, the new intervals use a perfect rankings assumption. They are no longer exact under imperfect rankings, but provide coverage close to nominal for mild departures from perfect rankings.
The Critical Difference between Republicans/Conservatives and Democrats/Liberals

There are, of course, a great many specific differences between the political positions of the two dominant political parties in America. After an introductory section characterizing those, section two suggests that the demarcation of critical importance between the parties relates to how they view the income distribution. Those self-identifying as Republican/Conservative tend to view the income distribution as an artifact of a host of individual work/leisure decisions with little policy relevance; those characterizing themselves as Democrat/Liberal tend to view the income distribution as a pure public good — in this view, private sector outcomes are expected to provide a non-optimally small amount of equality with the implication that public sector intervention can improve aggregate welfare. In concluding discussion, it is argued that relatively few individuals adhere to the “strong form” of this distinction, but rather individuals fall along a continuum which leaves them somewhat uncomfortable with their chosen political party. This implies that the polarization apparent in Congress and in interactions between the Executive and Legislative branches is a “party problem” not a problem with the broader American public. It is argued that the more moderate views of the policy relevance of the income distribution are partly contributing to the rapid growth in registered independents.