cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Roles of 10 Hz Alpha-Band Power Modulating Engagement and Disengagement of Cortical Networks in a Complex Visual Motion Task

Alpha band power, particularly at the 10 Hz frequency, is significantly involved in sensory inhibition, attention modulation, and working memory. However, the interactions between cortical areas and their relationship to the different functional roles of the alpha band oscillations are still poorly understood. Here we examined alpha band power and the cortico-cortical interregional phase synchrony in a psychophysical task involving the detection of an object moving in depth by an observer in forward self-motion. Wavelet filtering at the 10 Hz frequency revealed differences in the profile of cortical activation in the visual processing regions (occipital and parietal lobes) and in the frontoparietal regions. The alpha rhythm driving the visual processing areas was found to be asynchronous with the frontoparietal regions. These findings suggest a decoupling of the 10 Hz frequency into separate functional roles: sensory inhibition in the visual processing regions and spatial attention in the frontoparietal regions.
Positioning reproducibility with and without rotational corrections for 2 head and neck immobilization systems

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of offline rotational corrections and assess intrafraction motion for head and neck (H&N) cancer patients immobilized with and without a custom neck cushion. Methods and materials Fifty H&N cancer patients were immobilized and imaged with pretreatment and posttreatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for each treatment fraction. Of these patients, 25 had a custom neck cushion added to their immobilization. Each CBCT was registered to the simulation computed tomography offline. Registrations were performed with automatching tools and a matching volume of interest that consisted of a 5-mm expansion around the mandible, occipital bone, C1/C2, and C7/T1. To determine positioning accuracy, the registration was inspected to confirm these bony anatomy structures were contained within a 3- or 5-mm expansion of the simulation position. If not, the registration was repeated with rotational corrections included and re-evaluated. For each fraction, intrafraction motion was also quantified through the difference between the pretreatment and posttreatment CBCT registration coordinates. Results For translational registrations, the bony anatomy in pretreatment imaging was outside the 3-mm or 5-mm expansion structure, respectively, for 49% and 15% of fractions on average for patients without a custom headrest and for 48% and 13% of fractions on average for patients with a custom headrest. The addition of rotational corrections reduced these numbers to 21% and 4% and to 28% and 6%, respectively. Intrafraction motion was significantly lower for patients immobilized with the addition of a custom neck cushion: 1.0 ± 0.5 mm compared with 1.8 ± 1.6 mm for patients with the standard headrest only ( P = .02). This was reflected in posttreatment positioning accuracy, which was significantly reduced in the case of the standard headrest compared with pretreatment imaging ( P values of Conclusions Rotational corrections significantly improved pretreatment patient positioning accuracy ( P
Nested stochastic simulation algorithms for chemical kinetic systems with multiple time scales

We present an efficient numerical algorithm for simulating chemical kinetic systems with multiple time scales. This algorithm is an improvement of the traditional stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA), also known as Gillespie's algorithm. It is in the form of a nested SSA and uses an outer SSA to simulate the slow reactions with rates computed from realizations of inner SSAs that simulate the fast reactions. The algorithm itself is quite general and seamless, and it amounts to a small modification of the original SSA. Our analysis of such multi-scale chemical kinetic systems allows us to identify the slow variables in the system, derive effective dynamics on the slow time scale, and provide error estimates for the nested SSA. Efficiency of the nested SSA is discussed using these error estimates, and illustrated through several numerical examples.
Automation versus education (chip design process)

The authors discuss automation of the chip design process and how this benefits the training developer. Two design automation tools are discussed, the Design Entry Tool (DET) for automation of core-based configurations, and the RAM/ROM configuration tool for user-defined memories. The RAM/ROM configuration tool allows the designer to immediately begin schematic capture and stimulate while the cell specifications are communicated to the factory. DET time studies for learning and executing schematic capture for mandatory connections using both automation and traditional education are detailed. Time studies are also included for memory mapping of a special function register and for test pattern generation. Prerequisite skills are clearly identified for the studies. Automation of the training process itself is discussed as an option to traditional dedicated instruction. This discussion includes some of the automation options available to the training developer: video, computer-based, and Digital Video Interactive (DVI) training. Former dedicated instructors can become consultants and can cater to the needs of a larger study group using automation tools. >
Melatonin influences sex-specific prenatal mortality in meadow voles.

Meadow voles exhibit seasonal changes in litter size, ovulation rates, and prenatal mortality. To investigate the proximate bases of seasonal changes in reproductive effort, adult female voles, maintained in long photoperiods (14 h of light/day), were injected daily with 10 Fig melatonin 2 h before light offset to extend the duration of the nighttime melatonin pulse. At parturition the number, sex, and weight of offspring were assessed. The number of ovarian corpora lutea (CL), an index of potential litter size, was used to calculate rates of prenatal survival (i.e., pups per CL). Prenatal survival rates were reduced in female but not male pups of dams that had been injected before blastocyst implantation (Days 1-6 of pregnancy) with melatonin as compared with saline. Melatonin injections initiated after blastocyst implantation (Days 7-21 of pregnancy) did not affect prenatal survival, nor were birth weights of pups affected by either pre- or postimplantation melatonin treatment. We conclude that sex-specific prenatal survival is a labile feature of vole reproduction that may be under proximate control of photoperiod and melatonin before blastocyst implantation.
Integrating SPC and EPC Methods for Quality Improvement

AbstractProcess variations are classified into common cause and assignable cause variations in the manufacturing and services industries. Common cause variations are inherent in a process and can be described implicitly or explicitly by stochastic methods. Assignable cause variations are unexpected and unpredictable and can occur before the commencement of any special events. Reducing process variations are critical for industries with a low tolerance for variability such as semiconductor manufacturing. While engineering process control (EPC) methods such as feedback/feedforward controllers are widely employed in continuous process industry to reduce common cause variations, statistical process control (SPC) methods have been successfully utilized in discrete parts industry through identification and elimination of the assignable cause of variations. Recently, integration of EPC and SPC methods has emerged in the semiconductor manufacturing industry and has resulted reducing manufacturing waste and improv...
Scrotal and penile reconstruction using the vacuum-assisted closure device.

Fournier’s gangrene is a necrotizing, soft tissue infection that spreads along the deep external fascial planes of the perineum, scrotum (or vagina), penis, thighs and lower abdomen. Due to the rapid progression of the disease, patients are frequently left with a large integumentary deficit. Treatment of the skin defect has been described in a multitude of ways including split-thickness skin grafting, burying the testes in the thighs, thigh flaps and a variety of myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps. Many of the previously described techniques have worked well for smaller defects and for closure of wounds but fall short of aesthetic reconstruction of sexual organs. Described here is a technique using split-thickness skin grafts, with foam dressings as the bolster. This was performed using the vacuum-assisted closure device (Kinetic Concepts Inc, USA). This technique creates a natural appearing scrotum that holds the testes away from the body, in a physiological manner, and surfaces the penis with a natural appearance, in a functional manner. The technique results in nearly 100% graft take and greatly decreases length of hospital stay.
Mechanical Hitting Devices in Baseball

(1957). Mechanical Hitting Devices in Baseball. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 42-42.
Noncovalent interactions in paired DNA nucleobases investigated by terahertz spectroscopy and solid-state density functional theory.

Cocrystallized adenine and thymine derivatives, along with the pure monomeric crystals, were investigated by terahertz spectroscopy and solid-state density functional theory (DFT). The methylated nucleobase derivatives crystallize in planar hydrogen-bonded adenine-thymine pairs similar to the manner found in DNA. The spectra obtained for 1-methylthymine, 9-methyladenine, and the 1:1 cocrystal in the range of 10−100 cm−1 clearly demonstrate that absorptions in this spectral range originate from the uniquely ordered assembly and the intermolecular interactions found in each individual crystal system. The quality of spectral reproduction for the DFT simulations of each system was clearly improved by the inclusion of an empirical correction term for London-type dispersion forces to the calculations. Notably, it was found that these weak dispersion forces in the adenine-thymine cocrystal were necessary to produce a properly converged crystal structure and meaningful simulation of the terahertz vibrational spec...
Effect of Partial Starvation on Development of Diabetic Cataracts.

SummaryLowering the blood sugar of diabetic rats by starvation for a period of 40 hours each week prevents cataracts to the extent that the blood sugar is lowered. Starvation produces a drop of approximately 200 mg of glucose per 100 cc of blood. Cataracts are prevented if the severity of diabetes is such that the non-fasting average blood sugar is 450 mg per 100 cc or less.
Determination of Ten Common Additives in Soy Sauce at the Same Time by HPLC Method

A HPLC method is established that can determine ten common additives in soy sauce at the time,and the method has improved the detection efficiency.The 20% methanol is extracted and precipitated in the method,the C18 chromatographic column(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),carbinol and 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate are used in gradient elution of mobile phase,then ten kinds of additives can be separated in 22 minutes.The recovery of the additives is 94.8%~101.0%,whose error range relative to standard deviation(RSD) is 1.98%~4.14%(n=6).This method is simple,convenient and fast,and has high sensitivity,so it is suitable for the rapid determination of common additives in soy sauce.
Media Convergence’s Impact on Education

This chapter looks at the history of educational media and information literacy, and highlights the value of learning through play, because play is a biological desire of all human beings and when combined with education it has tremendous potential as it relates to learning. All students today need to be skilled in multimedia; therefore, a multimedia and multimodal theory of learning will be looked at. However, the main focus is on the Net Generation (Net Gen), known as the Digital Generation (D-Gen), Millennials, and Generation Y. The chapter also discusses transliteracy via transmedia storytelling; evolving narrative forms in higher education; how edutainment, or entertainment-education, and social change are enhancing learning; and how change can occur from watching popular television shows that incorporate social messages into their content. The chapter ends with a transformational business-to-business model for TmSE. We begin with a look at the institution of education.
The application of bioinformatics to network intrusion detection

In this paper, a novel approach that applies bioinformatics algorithms to network intrusion detection is proposed. Network intrusion detection is the problem to detect security violations on or through a network. Misuse detection approach of network intrusion detection which is widely deployed on today's network environment requires precise signature data and occasionally fails to detect variants of known attacks or new types of attack.
Thermal Resilience of Feeding Kinematics May Contribute to the Spread of Invasive Fishes in Light of Climate Change

As a consequence of global warming, tropical invasive species are expected to expand their range pole-ward, extending their negative impacts to previously undisturbed, high-latitude ecosystems. Investigating the physiological responses of invasive species to environmental temperature is important because the coupled effects of climate change and species invasion on ecosystems could be more alarming than the effects of each phenomenon independently. Especially in poikilotherms, the rate of motion in muscle-driven biomechanical systems is expected to double for every 10 °C increase in temperature. In this study, we address the question, "How does temperature affect the speed of jaw-movement during prey-capture in invasive fishes?" Kinematic analysis of invasive-fish prey-capture behavior revealed that (1) movement velocities of key components of the feeding mechanism did not double as water temperature increased from 20 °C to 30 °C; and (2) thermal sensitivity (Q10 values) for gape, hyoid, lower-jaw rotation, and cranial rotation velocities at 20 °C and 30 °C ranged from 0.56 to 1.44 in all three species. With the exception of lower-jaw rotation, Q10 values were significantly less than the expected Q10 = 2.0, indicating that feeding kinematics remains consistent despite the change in environmental temperature. It is conceivable that the ability to maintain peak performance at different temperatures helps facilitate the spread of invasive fishes globally.
Temporal trends in violence during the Mississippian period in the Middle Cumberland Region of Tennessee

This study utilizes a biocultural approach to investigate skeletal evidence for violence among Mississippian communities in the Middle Cumberland Region (MCR) of Tennessee. Bioarchaeological evidence for violence is placed within the local environmental and cultural context in order to better understand temporal trends in regional conflict. Bioarchaeological analyses were conducted on the crania of 599 adult individuals from 13 sites in the MCR. Approximately 7.2 percent of the sample (43/599) showed evidence of violent cranial injuries in the form of scalping, sharp force trauma, and blunt force trauma. While overall trauma frequencies appear to increase during the later Mississippian period, this may reflect a shift in the nature of violence, rather than simply an intensification of intergroup conflict. More fine-grained temporal comparisons are made for samples from the late Mississippian Averbuch site. The variability in the frequencies and types of violence observed within the MCR demonstrate...
CDC's efforts to improve traumatic brain injury surveillance.

Introduction Youth sports concussion has become a prominent public health issue due to growing concern about the risk of long-term health effects.
Rigor of non-dairy galactose restriction in early childhood, measured by retrospective survey, does not associate with severity of five long-term outcomes quantified in 231 children and adults with classic galactosemia

One of many vexing decisions faced by parents of an infant with classic galactosemia (CG) is how carefully to restrict non-dairy galactose from their growing child’s diet. Until recently, many experts recommended vigorous lifelong dietary restriction of milk and all high-galactose dairy products as well as some non-dairy sources of galactose such as legumes and specific fruits and vegetables. Recently, experts have begun to relax their recommendations. The new recommendations, that restrict only high galactose dairy products, were made in the face of uncertainty, however, because no sufficiently powered study had been reported testing for possible association between rigor of non-dairy galactose restriction and severity of long-term outcomes in CG. Here we describe the largest study of diet and outcomes in CG reported to date, conducted using information gathered from 231 patients with CG and 71 unaffected sibling controls. We compared rigor of dietary galactose restriction, measured using a 4-point scale by a retrospective parent-response survey, with outcomes including growth, adaptive behaviors, receipt of speech therapy, receipt of special educational services, and for girls and women, a plasma marker of ovarian function (AMH). Our results confirmed the expected differences between patients and controls, but among patients showed no significant association between rigor of non-dairy galactose restriction in early childhood and any of the outcomes quantified. Indeed, some weak associations were seen suggesting that rigorous restriction of non-dairy galactose may be deleterious rather than beneficial. Despite limitations, these findings support the ongoing trend toward diet liberalization with regard to non-dairy sources of galactose for children and adults with classic galactosemia.
Effects of multiple life stage exposure to the fungicide prochloraz in Xenopus laevis: Manifestations of antiandrogenic and other modes of toxicity.

Abstract The Larval Amphibian Growth and Development Assay (LAGDA) is an internationally harmonized testing guideline for evaluating effects of chronic chemical exposure in amphibians. In order to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to an antiandrogenic chemical in an amphibian model, prochloraz was tested using a variation of the LAGDA design. Exposure was initiated with 5-fold in the 60 and 180 μg/L treatments, respectively, indicating impaired Leydig cell maturation and testosterone signaling. Overall, prochloraz exposure caused effects characteristic of an antiandrogenic mode of action, which is consistent with previously reported results in other species and supports the utility of the LAGDA design for chemical testing.
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Orbits Vision and Visual Loss

Visual loss can be the result of an abnormality anywhere along the visual pathway including the globe, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, thalamus, optic radiations or primary visual cortex. Appropriate imaging analysis of visual loss is facilitated by a compartmental approach that establishes a differential diagnosis on the basis of suspected lesion location and specific clinical features. CT and MRI are the primary imaging modalities used to evaluate patients with visual loss and are often complementary in evaluating these patients. One modality may be preferred over the other depending on the specific clinical scenario. Depending on the pattern of visual loss and differential diagnosis, imaging coverage may require targeted evaluation of the orbits and/or assessment of the brain. Contrast is preferred when masses and inflammatory processes are differential considerations. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
The Process of Change in Psychotherapy: Common and Unique Factors

As a field, psychotherapy has long been dominated by the different types (or orientations) of psychological therapies in practice. Though there are hundreds if not thousands of different kinds of psychotherapy, in many ways some are quite similar—they share some common factors. In other ways, each orientation may possess some unique elements, or combinations of elements not found in most other kinds of therapy: unique factors. In this chapter, we describe how the theoretical and empirical discussions of common and unique factors have progressed historically, highlighting major contributions in identifying and organizing the influential components and active ingredients of psychotherapy. It can be shown that both common factors and more unique factors can be reliably identified, and that these factors can be linked with outcome, and may both be necessary to the successful application of any psychological therapy. Ultimately, the distinction between “common” and “unique” factors may be a false dichotomy when comparing many face-to-face psychotherapies, because neither common factors nor unique factors can exist without the other. Common factors rely on specific treatments, and unique factors exist in the context of common variables.
What are we Singing on Sunday? The Trinity, Canadian Pentecostals, and Contemporary Worship Music

This article offers an analysis of the trinitarian impulses in contemporary worship music used by the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada (PAOC). It considers whether the lyrics from the most commonly used PAOC songs are consistent with this Evangelical group's trinitarian statement of faith.
Divide and conquer: Evaluation of a redesign of a pediatric teaching service.

BACKGROUND Increasing census and work compression on the pediatric inpatient hematologic malignancy (IHM) service yielded resident dissatisfaction, impaired learning, and decreased perceived quality of patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a service redesign on resident perceptions of (a) the educational value of the rotation and (b) the safety of patient care. As a secondary objective, we evaluated the impact on the time of day of patient discharge. PROCEDURE A bundled intervention on the IHM service was instituted, including decreased patient volumes, intentional patient assignment, intentional faculty selection, and increased weekend staffing. We distributed an annual survey to end-of-the-year junior residents. We compared responses from residents who experienced the redesign (2017) with residents whose experience predated the redesign (2016). We compared the time of day of patient discharge before and after the redesign. RESULTS Survey completion rates were 70% (28/40) in 2016 and 57% (29/51) in 2017. Redesign residents rated their educational experience and perceived ability to care for patients on the nights and weekends significantly higher than previous residents. Redesign residents reported that their clinical education was compromised by excessive service less frequently than previous residents (24% vs 82%, P < 0.001). The time of day of patient discharge after the redesign was 35 minutes earlier than before the redesign (4:06 pm vs 4:41 pm, P = 0.01, 95% CI = -63, -6). CONCLUSIONS A redesign initiative of an oncology service led to improved resident perceptions of the educational value of the rotation and ability to provide safe care to patients, along with earlier discharge times.
Stress, Biomarkers, and Resilience in Childhood and Adolescence: Advances in the Last Few Decades

The aim of this chapter is to present a perspective on advances in what is known about the stress biomarker cortisol in relation to theory, findings, and individual differences in reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) endocrine system in so much as it affects behavior, emotions, and resilience. The chapter will progress via a short history of the integration of stress biomarkers in studies of health and risk and resilience. This history will be followed by discussing advances in theories of cortisol biomarker science with a specific emphasis on stress and contexts in which children and families develop. The biomarker and its links to trauma and maltreatment will be discussed as a specific instance of how early life stress affects the stress system, specifically cortisol. The chapter concludes with implications and prospects for the future of research on cortisol in the neurobiology of stress and resilience.
Tuberculosis Infection Among People With Diabetes: United States Population Differences by Race/Ethnicity.

Introduction Diabetes might confer a modestly increased risk of latent tuberculosis infection, which without treatment can progress to active tuberculosis disease. Three recent analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey found a positive association between diabetes and a positive test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This study examines whether prevalence of a positive test still varies by diabetes status after stratifying by race/ethnicity. Methods This cross-sectional analysis used the public-use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012 data sets and was conducted in 2018–2019. Interview and examination results for 5,560 adult participants yielded estimates for 219 million U.S. adults in the 4 largest race/ethnicity groups. The weighted prevalence of positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay by diabetes status was ascertained in each group. Results Among white and black adults, diabetes was associated with no difference in positive skin test prevalence and little difference in positive interferon-gamma release assay prevalence. The positive assay prevalence difference was +14.5% (95% CI=2.3%, 26.7%) among Hispanic and +9.9% (95% CI=1.2%, 18.6%) among Asian adults, when comparing those with diabetes with those with neither diabetes nor prediabetes. Based on assay results, 23.6% (95% CI=14.0%, 36.9%) of Hispanic and 27.2% (95% CI=19.6%, 36.5%) of Asian adults with diabetes also had latent tuberculosis infection. Conclusions Hispanic and Asian subpopulation results drove much of the previously reported positive association between diabetes and a positive test for M. tuberculosis infection. Hispanic and Asian adults with diabetes might particularly benefit from screening and treatment for latent tuberculosis infection.
Psychogenic Movement Disorders

Psychogenic movement disorders (PMDs) are physical manifestations of an underlying psychiatric disturbance and are challenging to diagnose and treat. Recent heightened interest in research and clinical aspects of this disorder has helped to clarify the diagnostic criteria and lead to treatment advances. In this article, history, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical and laboratory findings, management, and prognosis of PMD will be discussed.
The Disruptive Effects of Estrogen Removal Before Puberty on Risk for Binge Eating in Female Rats

Recent research suggests that estrogen is protective against binge eating in adult females, and that pubertal estrogen may be critical for these effects. Nonetheless, to date, no study has examined the role of pubertal estrogen in adult binge eating phenotypes in females, potentially due to difficulties experimentally manipulating estrogen in humans to examine causal effects. We used a novel animal model to examine whether estrogen removal prior to puberty (via pre-pubertal ovariectomy (P-OVX)) increases rates of binge eating prone (BEP) phenotypes in adulthood in females. A total of 77 P-OVX and 79 intact rats were followed from pre-puberty into adulthood and phenotyped for BEP status in adulthood. Results showed significantly increased rates (~2-8x higher) of adult BEP phenotypes in P-OVX as compared to intact rats. Findings confirm that estrogen removal substantially increases later risk for binge eating in females, potentially by disrupting typical adolescent brain development.
Trends in pediatric passenger restraint use by rurality and age in Iowa, 2006–2019

OBJECTIVE Pediatric restraint use has increased over time in the United States, but motor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of death for children under age 18. Age-appropriate use of safety restraints (safety seats, booster seats, seat belt) and statewide child restraint laws can greatly reduce injury or death in the event of a crash. Surveillance of pediatric restraint use and compliance with policy can inform prevention efforts. This study aims to examine time trends in pediatric restraint use and compliance with pediatric passenger laws in Iowa by rurality and age. METHODS Fourteen years of Iowa observational pediatric restraint use data (2006-2019) are included in this cross-sectional study. Proportions of restrained youth by year, age, and rurality (rural, urban) were calculated. Log-linear models were used to compute the Annual Percent Change (APC) by year to explore trends in restraint use over time by rurality and by age group. RESULTS A total of 42,007 observed pediatric passengers with complete data from 2006 to 2019 were included in this study. Restraint use increased across all years and all age groups observed, with the largest increases among the older pediatric age groups. However, restraint use was consistently highest among the youngest child passengers. With all study years combined, the odds of being compliantly restrained were 13% lower in rural areas (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80, 0.95) compared to urban areas. CONCLUSIONS Restraint use was lower in rural areas and among older pediatric passengers, suggesting targeted efforts to increase restraint use among these groups may have the greatest impact on overall occupant protection.
High Performance Implementation of Binomial Option Pricing

An option contract is a financial instrument that gives right to its holder to buy or sell a financial asset at a specified price, referred to as strike price, on or before the expiry date. Determining the value of an option contract with high accuracy is a computationally intensive task. Earlier implementations of binomial model on a parallel computer have a big gap between the realized performance and the peak performance of the parallel computer. This is mainly due to the implementation not considering the memory hierarchy available in today's computers. We propose two algorithms based on a hierarchical model of memory that maximize locality for data access. We implement these algorithms on a single processor and a shared memory multiprocessor. The proposed algorithms outperform the earlier reported algorithms by a factor of 20 on uniprocessor; and the speedup varies from 5 to 7.4 on a Sun SMP.
CCD Images of Three Planetary Nebulae With Binary Nuclei

A 14, H 3–75 and K 1–2, three planetary nebulae with binary nuclei, were imaged with narrow-band [N II], Ha, [0 III] and He II filters by using the TI CCD chip on the 0.9-m telescope at CTIO. The purpose of doing the observing was to see if planetaries with known binary nuclei exhibit particularly peculiar morphologies. In some cases (e.g., NGC 1514, NGC 3132), planetaries with binary nuclei have morphologies that are exhibited by a number of nebulae. In other cases (e.g., He 2–36, the nebulae with binary central stars have unique morphologies.
Excitation and radiative transport of OI 1304 Å resonance radiation—II: The aurora☆

Abstract Radiative transfer calculations appropriate to optically thick media in the presence of molecular absorption have been performed which derive the rate of excitation of the O(33S) term in an aurora from observed intensity profiles. Comparison of the O(33S) profile with N2+ 3914 A, OI 1356 A and N2 L-B-H excitation profiles obtained in the same aurora shows that the N2+ excitation occurs more efficiently than the others at the lower border of the aurora as well as at high altitudes. The excitation of the 5S level of oxygen appears in turn to be confined to a very narrow region in the middle of the auroral layer. As in other auroras investigated with sounding rockets these results appear to require a local source of electron acceleration in the lower regions of the auroral glow.
kGuard: lightweight kernel protection against return-to-user attacks

Return-to-user (ret2usr) attacks exploit the operating system kernel, enabling local users to hijack privileged execution paths and execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges. Current defenses have proven to be inadequate, as they have been repeatedly circumvented, incur considerable overhead, or rely on extended hypervisors and special hardware features. We present kGuard, a compiler plugin that augments the kernel with compact inline guards, which prevent ret2usr with low performance and space overhead. kGuard can be used with any operating system that features a weak separation between kernel and user space, requires no modifications to the OS, and is applicable to both 32-and 64-bit architectures. Our evaluation demonstrates that Linux kernels compiled with kGuard become impervious to a variety of control-flow hijacking exploits. kGuard exhibits lower overhead than previouswork, imposing on average an overhead of 11.4% on system call and I/O latency on ×86 OSs, and 10.3% on x86-64. The size of a kGuard-protected kernel grows between 3.5% and 5.6%, due to the inserted checks, while the impact on real-life applications is minimal (≤1%).
Are we ready to modify the Bethesda thyroid fine-needle aspiration classification scheme?†

This 4-tiered classification was endorsed by many clinical societies; however, in realpractice, confusion existed specifically focused on cases that were classified as indeterminate. Therefore,manycytopathologistsmodifiedthis4-categoryschemewithintheirownpracticesandcreatedafifthcate-gory of suspicious for malignancy.
Fifteen-year experience and outcomes of pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis.

Background and Aim Constrictive pericarditis has multiple etiologies and can lead to disabling symptoms and severe heart failure with poor quality of life. Surgical pericardiectomy is the cornerstone of management. All patients undergoing pericardiectomy at our institution were reviewed with the goal of analyzing preoperative and intraoperative factors that may be associated with long-term outcomes. Methods A retrospective review of our cardiac surgery database identified all patients who underwent pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis between 1997 and 2012. Demographic, comorbidity, operative, and outcome data were analyzed. Results Thirty-six patients underwent pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis over 15 years. Etiologies included idiopathic (n = 20, 55.6%), postoperative (n = 11, 30.5%), postradiation (n = 3, 8.3%), and tuberculosis (n = 2, 5.6%). Total pericardiectomy was performed in 35 patients. The average preoperative cardiac index was 2.6 L/min/m2 with a significant increase to 3.1 L/min/m2 noted in the immediate postoperative period (p = 0.03). There were no perioperative mortalities. The 1-year, 5-year, 10-year, and 15-year survival rates were 97.2%, 94.6%, 86.5%, and 78.3%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, preoperative heart failure (hazard ratio 2.2, p = 0.06), elevated preoperative total bilirubin (>2.7 mg/dL, hazard ratio 6.8, p = 0.02), and elevated creatinine (>1.4 mg/dL, hazard ratio 3.1, p = 0.05) were risk factors for increased long-term mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a significant decrease in overall survival associated with postradiation etiology (p = 0.05). Conclusions Pericardiectomy can be performed with low mortality and immediate improvement in hemodynamics. Those patients with compromised cardiac output, abnormal hepatic or renal function, or with previous radiation therapy have reduced long-term survival. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12344 (J Card Surg 2014;29:434–438)
The performance of advanced III-V solar cells

Test results show triple junction solar cells with efficiencies as high as 27% at 28C and 136.7 mw/cm/sup 2/. Triple junction cells also achieve up to 27.5% at -120C and 5 mw/cm/sup 2/, conditions applicable to missions to Jupiter. Some triple junction cells show practically no degradation as a result of Low Intensity Low Temperature (LILT) effects, while others show some; this degradation can be overcome with minor changes to the cell design.
The effects of substance use disorder on the clinical presentation of anxiety and depression in an outpatient psychiatric clinic.

Background : The comorbidity of substance abuse or dependence and psychiatric illness can complicate the diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment of dually diagnosed patients. In this study, we examined the relationship between substance use disorder (SUD) and psychopathology in an outpatient psychiatric setting. Method : Among 391 patients evaluated at an anxiety and affective disorders clinic, 54 patients met DSM-III-R criteria for lifetime substance use disorder and current unipolar depression or anxiety disorder. We selected 54 sex- and age-matched controls with psychiatric illness without SUD as a comparison group. All patients were given a structured diagnostic interview and symptom rating scales. In addition to comparing dual and single diagnosis groups, we compared those within the dual diagnosis group and those with primary psychiatric disorder with those with primary SUD ; we also compared those with current versus past SUD. Results : In contrast to findings in other settings, there were no significant differences in the severity of psychopathology between patients with and without substance abuse/dependence. Within dually diagnosed patients, those with primary mental disorder were more anxious and depressed than those with primary SUD. Patients with primary mental disorder had a significantly higher number of psychiatric diagnoses, an earlier onset of any psychiatric disorder, and were more likely to have received treatment. Conversely, patients with primary SUD had a higher number of substance use disorder diagnoses and an earlier onset of SUD. Conclusion : Dually diagnosed patients had the same degree of psychopathology as patients with only psychiatric disorders in this outpatient psychiatric population. The primary/secondary classification may be useful to distinguish between subgroups of dual diagnosis patients. Future studies are necessary to determine if this distinction can be useful to predict course and outcome in dually diagnosed patients.
Creating a quality building environment with a building automation system

ABSTRACT A quality building environment (QBE) is efficient, productive, comfortable, safe, and healthy, and supports the business needs of the occupants. Building owners and managers face several challenges in establishing optimum levels for each of these components of QBE. Building owners invest in building automation system(s) (BAS) to automate their buildings. However, empirical evidence suggests that over 90 percent of the BAS are under-utilized. Many BAS are used as glorified time clocks or digital windows to the mechanical equipment in the building. A BAS is capable of much more. A well-utilized BAS helps operate a building at optimum efficiency, lowers operating costs, enhances comfort levels, increases productivity, improves code compliance, and maintains a QBE. This article discusses how the utilization of a BAS can be enhanced from being a monitoring station to a seamlessly integrated platform that can be used to create and maintain a QBE. The topics presented discuss how a BAS can have a positi...
LINKED RECURSIVE PREFERENCES AND OPTIMALITY

We study a class of optimization problems involving linked recursive preferences in a continuous-time Brownian setting. Such links can arise when preferences depend directly on the level or volatility of wealth, in principal-agent (optimal compensation) problems with moral hazard, and when the impact of social influences on preferences is modeled via utility (and utility diffusion) externalities. We characterize the necessary first-order conditions, which are also sufficient under additional conditions ensuring concavity. We also examine applications to optimal consumption and portfolio choice, and applications to Pareto optimal allocations. We study a class of optimization problems involving linked recursive preferences in a continuous-time Brownian setting. Such links can arise when preferences depend di- rectly on the level or volatility of wealth, in principal-agent (optimal compensation) problems with moral hazard, and when the impact of social influences on preferences is modeled via utility (and utility diffusion) externalities. We characterize the necessary first-order conditions (FOCs), which are also sufficient under additional conditions en- suring concavity. We also examine applications to optimal consumption and portfolio choice, and applications to Pareto optimal allocations. The optimization problems we study all reduce to maximizing a linear combination of a multidimensional backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) system. This BSDE system was proposed by El Karoui, Peng, and Quenez (1997) as an extension of Duffie and Epstein's (1992) stochastic differential utility (SDU). Lazrak and Quenez (2003) show, in the single-agent (one-dimensional) case, that this recursive specification allows considerable flexibility in separately modeling risk aversion and intertemporal substitution, and unifies many preference classes including SDU and multiple-prior formulations (Maenhout 1999; Anderson, Hansen, and Sargent 2000; Chen and Epstein 2002). We show that the multidimensional analog can be used to model preferences in which wealth or wealth diffusion enter the aggregators, preferences in which social influences are modeled through the dependence of each agent's aggregator on utility or risk levels (or utility diffusions) of other agents, and preferences in principal/agent This paper is dedicated to Stephanie Schroder, who edited earlier versions of this paper. We benefited from the many helpful suggestions of the anonymous referees and the Associate Editor. Manuscript received September 2011; final revision received April 2013.
Yuck!: The Nature and Moral Significance of Disgust

People can be disgusted by the concrete and by the abstract -- by an object they find physically repellent or by an ideology or value system they find morally abhorrent. Different things will disgust different people, depending on individual sensibilities or cultural backgrounds. In Yuck!, Daniel Kelly investigates the character and evolution of disgust, with an emphasis on understanding the role this emotion has come to play in our social and moral lives. Disgust has recently been riding a swell of scholarly attention, especially from those in the cognitive sciences and those in the humanities in the midst of the "affective turn." Kelly proposes a cognitive model that can accommodate what we now know about disgust. He offers a new account of the evolution of disgust that builds on the model and argues that expressions of disgust are part of a sophisticated but largely automatic signaling system that humans use to transmit information about what to avoid in the local environment. He shows that many of the puzzling features of moral repugnance tinged with disgust are by-products of the imperfect fit between a cognitive system that evolved to protect against poisons and parasites and the social and moral issues on which it has been brought to bear. Kelly's account of this emotion provides a powerful argument against invoking disgust in the service of moral justification.
Contact mechanics of the medial tibial plateau after implantation of a medial meniscal allograft. A human cadaveric study.

The goal of this study was to determine how well a medial meniscal allograft restores the normal contact mechanics of the medial tibial plateau at the time of implantation. We measured maximum pressure, mean pressure, and contact area of the intact human cadaveric knee, the knee after meniscectomy, the knee with the original meniscus removed and reimplanted as an autograft, and the knee with an allograft. Measurements were made using pressure-sensitive film in 10 specimens loaded in compression to 1000 N at 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° of flexion. The autograft and the allograft were identically implanted by cementing bone plugs attached to the meniscal horns in anatomic transtibial tunnels and suturing the outer edge of the meniscus to the remnant of the original meniscus. A medial meniscal allograft did not consistently restore normal contact mechanics because the process of implantation and the degree of match between the original and allograft meniscus affected the immediate load-bearing performance of the t...
Sensitization of food reinforcement is related to weight status and baseline food reinforcement.

Sensitization of food reinforcement is related to weight status and baseline food reinforcement
Importance of political risk assessment function in U.S. multinational corporations

Abstract A sample of U.S. multinational corporations is selected from Fortune 1000 corporations to study the present political risk assessment function and perceived importance of political risk in the future. The findings suggest that a majority of U.S. corporations are regularly assessing political risk. About half of the corporations are assessing political risk only when the need arises and the remaining corporations have institutionalized the political risk assessment function in their business decision making. U.S. multinationals have also realized that the political environment in the host countries is going to be significantly less friendly in the future.
Instability After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Glenohumeral instability after total shoulder arthroplasty is a potential complication observed after primary arthroplasty. The following review discusses anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior instability, as well as the respective clinical presentations and treatment algorithms. Many factors are associated with the various types of instability: glenoid size and version, humeral retroversion and height, humeral head size, soft-tissue balancing, and rotator cuff integrity. Avoidance of these problems requires proper planning and intraoperative technique during the index procedure, as well as early recognition and treatment of any postoperative instability.
Microwave Promoted Oxidative Addition Reactions of Os3(CO)12: Efficient Syntheses of Triosmium Clusters of the Type Os3(μ-X)2(CO)10 and Os3(μ-H)(μ-OR)(CO)10

Microwave heating allows for the high-yield, one-step synthesis of the known triosmium complexes Os3(μ-Br)2(CO)10 (1), Os3(μ-I)2(CO)10 (2), and Os3(μ-H)(μ-OR)(CO)10 with R = methyl (3), ethyl (4), isopropyl (5), n-butyl (6), and phenyl (7). In addition, the new clusters Os3(μ-H)(μ-OR)(CO)10 with R = n-propyl (8), sec-butyl (9), isobutyl (10), and tert-butyl (11) are synthesized in a microwave reactor. The preparation of these complexes is easily accomplished without the need to first prepare an activated derivative of Os3(CO)12, and without the need to exclude air from the reaction vessel. The syntheses of complexes 1 and 2 are carried out in less than 15 min by heating stoichiometric mixtures of Os3(CO)12 and the appropriate halogen in cyclohexane. Clusters 3–6 and 8–10 are prepared by the microwave irradiation of Os3(CO)12 in neat alcohols, while clusters 7 and 11 are prepared from mixtures of Os3(CO)12, alcohol and 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Structural characterization of clusters 2, 4, and 5 was carried out by X-ray crystallographic analysis. High resolution X-ray crystal structures of two other oxidative addition products, Os3(CO)12I2 (12) and Os3(μ-H)(μ-O2CC6H5)(CO)10 (13), are also presented.