cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing the survival rate of juvenile Chinook salmon migrating through hydropower systems using injectable and surgical acoustic transmitters

Acoustic telemetry is one of the primary technologies for studying the behavior and survival of fishes throughout the world. The size and performance of the transmitter are key limiting factors. The newly developed injectable transmitter is the first acoustic transmitter that can be implanted via injection instead of surgery. A two-part field study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the injectable transmitter and its effect on the survival of implanted fish. The injectable transmitter performed well and similarly to the proceeding generation of commercially-available JSATS transmitters tested concurrently. Snake River subyearling Chinook salmon smolts implanted with the injectable transmitter had a higher survival probability from release to each of eleven downstream detection arrays, because reach-specific survival estimates were significantly higher for the injectable group in three of the eleven reaches examined. Overall, the injectable group had a 0.263 (SE = 0.017) survival probability over the entire 500 km study area compared to 0.199 (0.012) for the surgically implanted group. The reduction in size and ability to implant the new transmitter via injection has reduced the tag or tagging effect bias associated with studying small fishes. The information gathered with this new technology is helping to evaluate the impacts of dams on fishes.
Does successful chronic total occlusion recanalization fail to improve long-term survival?

There has been a significant increase in the number of patients undergoing successful CTO PCI in recent years, even though there might remains considerable controversy regarding the clinical benefit of this procedure. Although no randomized controlled clinical trials comparing CTO-PCI with medical therapy have been published to date, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting clinical benefits (1). These benefits include improvement of anginal symptoms, decreased anti-anginal medication intake, improved exercise capacity, improved left ventricular systolic function, decreased risk of arrhythmia, decreased the number of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures, and improved tolerance of future coronary occlusion events such as acute coronary syndrome among patients with successful versus failed CTO-PCI. Moreover, CTO is the most common reason for failing to achieve complete revascularization, and incomplete revascularization is associated with poorer clinical outcome compared with complete revascularization.
Appendix to Who are 'Officers of the United States'?

This methodological supplement contains instructions for accessing the corpus files analyzed in the article, Who are "Officers of the United States"?
Biofeedback Intervention for Anger Management

Stress is usually tied into anger, both of which have been shown to have negative health effects. Biofeedback has been shown to reduce stress (which can be anger-inducing), and has been suggested as an intervention. This study will determine the effects of biofeedback on anger management by monitoring heart rate variability (HRV) through focused breathing and positive thoughts (such as that of a loved one). The settings were at home and in public. The baseline was 12 days; interventions occurred twice daily, with times of each increasing every 7 days and tracked for 4 consecutive weeks. Consistently applied, the intervention indicated a significant reduction in the number of anger events as well as a marked decrease in the intensity of each event. Keywords: anger, biofeedback, intensity, intervention, stress
Ordering and domains in tetragonal crystals of Ising spins coupled via dipolar interactions

Dipolar coupling in the body-centered tetragonal crystal of Ising spins that is a prototype of the Mn12Ac molecular magnet favors ferromagnetic ordering below the mean-field Curie temperature 0.71 K. With the help of Monte Carlo on crystals of up to one million Mn12 molecules, it is shown that ordering occurs at 0.36 K in elongated crystals. The resulting state is split into ferromagnetic domains with domain walls preferring the diagonal orientation. Domain walls are pinned by the lattice at low temperatures. Making the crystal shorter makes domains finer and smoothens out the singularity at the ordering transition, decreasing the susceptibility in the domain state.
Noneffervescent Method for Catalysis-Based Palladium Detection with Color or Fluorescence

Palladium is a highly valuable metal in automobile, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. The metal is generally quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. These techniques are tedious and require expensive instruments that are operated mostly off site. As cost-effective and user-friendly alternatives to these techniques, we previously reported two practical fluorometric or colorimetric methods to quantify palladium. Both methods rely on the use of NaBH4, which cannot be stored in solution for more than 10 days. Commercially available solutions of NaBH4 are partially or fully degraded to di- or triborohydride species and cannot be used for palladium(0)-catalyzed allylic C–O bond cleavage for quantification purposes. Here, we report a new method that replaces NaBH4 with NH2NH2 for the palladium-catalyzed deallylation of fluorogenic and colorimetric chemodosimeter resorufin allyl ether. This method is slower but as sensitive as the most recent method fro...
Super-resolution ultrasound imaging of the microvasculature in skeletal muscle: A new tool in diabetes research

Attenuation in the skeletal muscle microvascular response to insulin plays a critical role in type 2 diabetes and obesity-induced insulin resistance. The goal of the project detailed in this paper was to evaluate the use of super-resolution ultrasound (SR-US) imaging for performing a quantitative analysis of insulin-mediated microvascular changes in skeletal muscle. An Acuson Sequoia 512 ultrasound (US) scanner equipped with a 15L8-S linear array transducer was used in a nonlinear imaging mode. C57BL/6J male mice fed standard chow and studied at age 13–16 wk comprised the lean group (N = 5), and 24–31 wk-old mice who received a high-fat diet provided the obese group (N = 5). After administration of a microbubble (MB) contrast agent, the proximal hindlimb adductor muscle of each animal was imaged (dynamic contrast-enhanced US, DCE-US) for 10 min at baseline and again at 1 h and towards the end of a 2 h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. The SR-US image processing technique was developed using custom Matlab software. After collecting a stack of DCE-US images and applying a singular value decomposition (SVD)-based spatiotemporal filter, individual MBs were localized and subsequently a SR-US image was generated by mapping the cumulative MB localizations. The insulin-induced skeletal muscle microvascular recruitment resulting from the clamp procedure was evaluated for the lean and obese animals. Lean animals exhibited a considerably greater increase in microvascular recruitment in skeletal muscle during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure compared to the obese animals. These results clearly indicate insulin-induced microvascular recruitment in normal skeletal muscle and an impaired microvascular response to insulin in older obese animals.
Paradoxical emboli following a pulmonary embolus in the presence of a patent foramen ovale

A paradoxical embolism is defined as a systemic arterial embolus due to passage of a venous thrombus through a right to left shunt. We describe a case of acute cerebral vascular accident (CVA), right subclavian arterial embolus, and pulmonary emboli in the setting of a large patent foramen ovale (PFO). A 74-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities presented to the emergency department with acute onset of shortness of breath, weakness, and right arm pain. She was found to have bilateral pulmonary emboli, left CVA, and a right subclavian arterial embolus on computed tomography (CT). She emergently underwent embolectomy of her right upper extremity along with a fasciotomy. On chest CT, a PFO was visualized. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed a large PFO with at least a 3-mm primum/secundum separation and evidence of right to left shunting. Multidisciplinary consensus was that she would benefit from closure of her PFO in order to reduce her risk of further emboli. The patient was agreeable and taken to the catheterization lab where a sizing balloon over a stiff wire was advanced to measure the size of the defect. A 25-mm Cardioform device was successfully delivered across the defect. The patient was started on oral anticoagulation and antiplatelets. In summary, increase in right-sided pressures from pulmonary emboli can cause right to left shunting and lead to a paradoxical embolus. Assessment of patients who present with acute CVA or arterial embolus in the setting of pulmonary emboli with elevated right atrial pressures should include an evaluation for a PFO. Closure of PFO in these patients is of potential additive benefit.
Model-based testing without a model: assessing portability in the Seattle testbed

Despite widespread OS, network, and hardware heterogeneity, there has been a lack of research into quantifying and improving portability of a programming environment. We have constructed a distributed testbed called Seattle built on a platform-independent programming API that is implemented on different operating systems and architectures. Our goal is to show that applications written to our API will be portable. In this work, we use an instrumented version of the programming environment for testing purposes. The instrumentation allows us to gather traces of actual program behavior from a running implementation. These traces can be used across different versions of the implementation exactly as if they were test cases generated offline from a model program, so we can commence testing using model based testing tools, without constructing a model program. Such offline testing is only effective in scenarios where traces are expected to be reproducible (deterministic). Where reproducibility is not expected, for instance due to nondeterminism in the network environment, we must resort to on-the-fly testing, which does require a model program. To validate this model program, we can use the recorded traces of actual behavior. Validating with captured traces should provide greater coverage than we could achieve by validating only with traces constructed a priori.
11th IUBMB Focused Meeting on the Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases: Sailing a New Sea of Complex Functions in Human Biology and Disease

The 11th IUBMB Focused Meeting on Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases was held in Clearwater Beach, Florida from 29 October–2 November 2017, with the aim of presenting the latest research on these enzymes and promoting interchange among aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) researchers. Topics covered in the meeting included many areas of investigation, including ARS evolution, mechanism, editing functions, biology in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their organelles, their roles in human diseases, and their application to problems in emerging areas of synthetic biology. In this report, we provide a summary of the major themes of the meeting, citing contributions from the oral presentations in the meeting.
Connecting Flow over Complex Terrain to Hydrodynamic Roughness on a Coral Reef

AbstractFlow over complex terrain causes stress on the bottom leading to drag, turbulence, and formation of a boundary layer. But despite the importance of the hydrodynamic roughness scale z0 in pr...
A Look at Socrates’ Motive in Plato’s Laches

Lund argues that Socrates pits the generals Laches and Nicias against each other in the hopes of getting Lysimachus and Melesias to allow him access to their sons. The dialogue thus offers a good occasion to reflect on Socrates’ motives, especially since his treatment of Laches and Nicias suggests that he is unmoved by civic obligation. Lund finds clues in the dialogue that indicate that Socrates’ interest in the young is to secure useful interlocutors for his continued inquiry into moral and divine phenomena.
Effects of Shear Stress on Cells

The cells in the body, especially the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels, are exposed to tangential mechanical forces, called shear stresses, from the blood flowing across the surface of the cells. Here, we describe and review the mechanosensing mechanisms used by the cell to sense the shear stress signal, and discuss some of the better known cell response to shear.
Distributed Algorithms for Attack Localization in All-Optical Networks.

All-Optical Networks provide ultra-fast data rates, but present a new set of challenges for network security. We present a new algorithm for attack localization in networks. The algorithm is distributed and requires only local information. The algorithm can localize attacks for a variety of network applications. This algorithm is particularly well suited to the requirements of All-Optical Networks because it provides fast, reliable response to attacks. In particular we apply it to two common forms of rapid optical network restoration: automatic protection switching and loopback.
Understanding Macroscopic Heat/Mass Transfer Using Meso- and Macro-Scale Simulations

Scalar (heat or mass) transfer in the macroscale is the result of microscale diffusion and convection effects. Our fundamental hypothesis is that heat or mass transfer behavior can be synthesized from the behavior of a single, instantaneous, point source of heat or mass, and that understanding this behavior leads to an improved understanding of transport. Based on this concept, a simulation technique has been developed that involves the tracking of trajectories of heat or mass markers in a flow field, and then applying simple statistical methods to extract information about the macroscopic temperature or concentration field. The motion of these scalar markers is decomposed into a convection part, which is calculated using macroscopic flow simulations, and a diffusion part, which is simulated using a mesoscopic Monte-Carlo approach. Three different cases where this simulation methodology can been applied are presented, each one with different physics and with distinct applications. The first case is about heat transfer without convection (applied to the determination of the effective thermal conductivity of a nanocomposite material), the second case is the case of heat transfer in laminar flow (with applications in microfluidics), and the third case is the case of heat transfer with strong convective effects (applied to turbulent heat transport). The combination of a macroscopic and a mesoscopic simulation applied here allows the simulation of heat or mass transfer in cases that other conventional approaches are not feasible, and it allows the investigation of the physics of heat or mas transport in a more natural way.
Severe calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease of the metacarpophalangeal joints.

We report a case of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) with an unusual presentation of severe chondrocalcinosis with atypical large burden deposited in the metacarpophalangeal joints as well as more typical deposition in wrists and knees as demonstrated on plain radiographs. A 77-year-old African-American woman 1-year status post parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism initially presented to the rheumatology clinic to treat suspected rheumatoid arthritis given her pattern of joint involvement but was found to have CPPD. The patient’s history is notable for end-stage renal disease which complicates medical management. This case illustrates radiographic findings of CPPD and explores the challenges of treating CPPD in the setting of comorbid conditions.
Centralized Priority Management Allocation for Network-on-Chip Router

In Network on Chip (NoC), Virtual-channel allocation (VA) is responsible for matching input virtual channels with output virtual channels that are not currently in use by other packets. The functionality of VA directly determines the efficiency of NoC router. In the general case, VA is achieved by two stages. However, a matching quality loss is generated between the two stages and can severely reduce the router performance. In this paper, we present a new allocation mechanism called centralized priority management allocation (CPMA). By coordinating all arbiters' priority bit in allocator's first stage, CPMA can reduce the request conflict in the second stage. Our results show that the new design can increase performance and reduce the power consumption at the same time.
Gender-balanced TAs from an Unbalanced Student Body

Increasing participation of women and underrepresented minorities is a key challenge in the field of Computer Science Education. Balanced representation of these groups among teaching assistants in Computer Science courses influences recruitment and retention of underrepresented students. At the same time, the status-quo reduced participation of these students makes it more difficult to hire instructional staff from underrepresented groups. In this paper, we describe our experience evaluating candidates with teaching-demonstration videos, followed by in-person interviews, to hire a gender-balanced set of undergraduate TAs for a large-scale CS2 course. Our research goal is to quantitatively assess gender balance throughout the hiring process. Our initial applicant pool is just one-sixth women, but we found that women applicants perform better in our application process than men, resulting in a gender-balanced course staff without making hiring decisions based on the gender of applicants. We show that our approach results in a more gender-balanced teaching staff than hiring based on applicant GPA. We also use course-evaluation data to demonstrate that women perform as well as men as teaching assistants in CS2, and that the overall quality of our teaching assistants has remained high after the hiring-process change.
Registration with a small number of sparse measurements

This work introduces a method for performing robust registration given the geometric model of an object and a small number (less than 20) of sparse point and surface normal measurements of the obje...
Field Angle Tuned Metamagnetism and Lifschitz Transitions in UPt 3

Strongly correlated electronic systems can harbor a rich variety of quantum spin states. Understanding and controlling such spin states in quantum materials is of great current interest. Focusing on the simple binary system UPt3 with ultrasound (US) as a probe we identify clear signatures in field sweeps demarkating new high field spin phases. Magnetostriction (MS) measurements performed up to 65 T also show signatures at the same fields confirming these phase transitions. At the very lowest temperatures (<200 mK) we also observe magneto-acoustic quantum oscillations which for θ = 90° (B||c-axis) and vicinity abruptly become very strong in the 24.8–30 T range. High resolution magnetization measurements for this same angle reveal a continuous variation of the magnetization implying the subtle nature of the implied transitions. With B rotated away from the c-axis, the US signatures occur at nearly the same field. These transitions merge with the separate sequence of the well known metamagnetic transition which commences at 20 T for θ = 0° but moves to higher fields as 1/cosθ. This merge, suggesting a tricritical behavior, occurs at θ ≈ 51° from the ab-plane. This is an unique off-symmetry angle where the length change along the c-axis is precisely zero due to the anisotropic nature of MS in UPt3 for all magnetic field values.
Keeping the Death Protein in Check

Summary Gasdermin D is an executioner of inflammatory cell death. In this issue, Liu et al. report the crystal structures of full-length human and mouse gasdermin D, which contributes to our understanding of gasdermin D autoinhibition and activation and will inform the future development of therapeutics targeting gasdermin D.
Comparison of CSF and MRI Findings among Neonates and Infants with E coli or Group B Streptococcal Meningitis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli (E coli) are the 2 most common causes of bacterial meningitis in neonates. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CSF and/or MR imaging findings differ between infants with group B streptococcal or E coli meningitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed among neonates (younger than 28 days) and infants (younger than 120 days) with proved group B streptococcal (n = 57) or E coli meningitis (n = 50). A CSF or blood culture positive for Streptococcus or E coli and an elevated CSF white blood cell count were used as the criterion standard. Independent, blinded review of brain MRIs obtained within 21 days of presentation were performed by 2 board-certified neuroradiologists. CSF laboratory values and MR imaging findings were compared between the groups. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean age at presentation for patients with group B streptococcal (40 days; range, 2–111 days) versus patients with E coli meningitis (31 days; range, 12–115 days) (P = .18). There was no statistically significant difference in the CSF white blood cell count, glucose, or protein. There was a significant difference between group B streptococcal and E coli meningitis in the frequency of hydrocephalus (0% versus 22%, P = .001) and infarct (40% versus 14%; P = .038), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in leptomeningeal enhancement, cerebritis, ventriculitis, abscess/granuloma, subdural effusion, extra-axial purulent material, intraventricular purulent material, hemorrhage, and sinus thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although neonates and infants with group B streptococcal or E coli meningitis had similar age and CSF laboratory values, patients with group B streptococcal meningitis more frequently demonstrated infarcts, while those with E coli meningitis more frequently had early onset of hydrocephalus.
Light Scattering to Quantify Protein-Protein Interactions at High Protein Concentrations.

Static and dynamic (laser) light scattering (SLS and DLS, respectively) can be used to measure the so-called weak or colloidal protein-protein interactions in solution from low to high protein concentrations (c2). This chapter describes a methodology to measure protein-protein self-interactions using SLS and DLS, with illustrative examples for monoclonal antibody solutions from low to high protein concentrations (c2 ~ 1-102 g/L).
Toward more Democratic Student Teacher Supervision

The issue of democratic supervision for/with student teachers begs the question of for whom is it democratic? And how so? There are three readily visible actors involved in student teacher supervision: the student teacher, the cooperating teacher, and the university supervisor. But there are still more actors who are affected by what happens in the student teacher’s supervision experiences, in and outside of the school in which she/he is assigned for student teaching.
Effect of Technical Competition on Patent Collateralization for Debt Financing

I estimate the effect of technical competition on a company's choice of patents to be used as collateral for debt financing. I find that patents in more competitive fields are more likely to be used as collateral. Previous literature has shown that patents in competitive technical fields are less valuable to companies. The results of this paper show that while these patents are relatively ineffective at protecting companies from competitors, collateralization provides another opportunity for companies to realize the financial value of patent ownership. The possibility to use patents as collateral incentivizes companies to continue publishing their innovations in these competitive technical fields. I perform this analysis on a novel dataset created by joining company characteristics from Crunchbase with patent characteristics from the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
A Yearlong Population Health Internship: Operationalizing an Innovative Model for Population Health Nursing Education

Abstract In recent years, evidence has emphasized the critical role that nurses play as public health leaders and the urgent need to prepare nurses for interprofessional collaboration in fulfilling those roles. Sharing best practices in population health nursing education is especially critical now, in the era of COVID-19, when more nurses will be called to apply public health principles to patient care regardless of their work setting. Although evidence from national nursing education bodies outline several critical implications for nursing curricula, undergraduate nursing programs lack operational guidance for instituting effective curricular changes to population health nursing teaching and learning. The purpose of this paper is to outline the process by which a college of nursing translated this evidence into innovation through program development of a yearlong Population Health Internship (PHI) in its BSN program. The inaugural PHI cohort placed 81 nursing students in 19 population health agencies to work with 64 interprofessional mentors. The author details the six steps taken to operationalize the curricular innovation to enable replication by others. Initial student evaluation data show participation in the PHI enables positive mentor relationships and exposes students to roles of population health nurses and the scope of their activities. Community agency evaluation data indicate satisfaction with the yearlong model, noting that nursing intern contributions extended agency missions.
Unsupervised Summarization and Change Detection in High-Resolution Signalized Intersection Datasets

The modern road network infrastructure (signal controllers and detectors) continuously generates data that can be transformed and used to evaluate the performance of signalized intersections. In order to automatically make meaningful observations about signal performance, we propose the application of data summarization and compression techniques in order to intelligently group together intersections and/or time intervals during the day and certain days of the week. This work details the use of linear and nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques to achieve the aforementioned goals. The approach is also extended to perform change detection so that significant changes at intersections and corridors can be highlighted.
Enhanced Production of the Mical Redox Domain for Enzymology and F-actin Disassembly Assays.

To change their behaviors, cells require actin proteins to assemble together into long polymers/filaments—and so a critical goal is to understand the factors that control this actin filament (F-actin) assembly and stability. We have identified a family of unusual actin regulators, the MICALs, which are flavoprotein monooxygenase/hydroxylase enzymes that associate with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and use the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in Redox reactions. F-actin is a specific substrate for these MICAL Redox enzymes, which oxidize specific amino acids within actin to destabilize actin filaments. Furthermore, this MICAL-catalyzed reaction is reversed by another family of Redox enzymes (SelR/MsrB enzymes)—thereby revealing a reversible Redox signaling process and biochemical mechanism regulating actin dynamics. Interestingly, in addition to the MICALs’ Redox enzymatic portion through which MICALs covalently modify and affect actin, MICALs have multiple other domains. Less is known about the roles of these other MICAL domains. Here we provide approaches for obtaining high levels of recombinant protein for the Redox only portion of Mical and demonstrate its catalytic and F-actin disassembly activity. These results provide a ground state for future work aimed at defining the role of the other domains of Mical — including characterizing their effects on Mical’s Redox enzymatic and F-actin disassembly activity.
Rotated read head design for high-density heat-assisted shingled magnetic recording

In heat-assisted shingled magnetic recording, recorded tracks are erased on one side. The transitions are no longer symmetric relative to the track center, especially when the transitions are highly curved as a result of the temperature profile generated by the near-field transducer. To optimally utilize these asymmetrically curved transitions, the read head is rotated to match the curvature. For a single rotated head, a more than 10% improvement in user density is achieved compared to that of a single non-rotated head. We found that the optimal rotation angle generally follows the transition shape. With an array of two rotated heads, a track pitch of 15 nm, and a minimum bit length of 6.0 nm, the user areal density reaches 6.2 Tb/in2, more than 30% above previous projections for recording on granular media.
Poultry and fish and aquatic invertebrates have not displaced other meat sources

Meat consumption of all types is a major contributor to climate change and other environmental problems, but poultry and fish and aquatic invertebrates have lower environmental impacts than most other meats. To evaluate whether the growth in consumption of lower-impact meats has suppressed other meat sources, I analysed cross-national panel data for 1961–2013. I found that the increased consumption of poultry and fish and aquatic invertebrates has not suppressed the consumption of other meat sources. Not all meat sources have equal climate and environmental impacts, leading to hopes that fish and chicken could ‘displace’ red meat. However, this analysis of five decades of international data casts doubt that such a substitution effect is happening, and that instead all meat consumption is rising.
Characterization of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome in Patients with Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), first described in 2001, is a neurodegenerative and movement disorder, caused by a premutation in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. To date, the biological mechanisms causing this condition are still not well understood, as not all premutation carriers develop FXTAS. To further understand this syndrome, we quantitatively compared the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome of FXTAS patients with age-matched controls using mass spectrometry. We identified 415 proteins of which 97 were altered in FXTAS patients. These proteins suggest changes in acute phase response signaling, liver X receptor/ retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) activation, and farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/RXR activation, which are the main pathways found to be affected. Additionally, we detected changes in many other proteins including amyloid-like protein 2, contactin-1, afamin, cell adhesion molecule 4, NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2, and cathepsin B, that had been previously noted to hold important roles in other movement disorders. Specific to RXR pathways, several apolipoproteins (APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, APOC2, and APOD) showed significant changes in the CSF of FXTAS patients. Lastly, CSF parameters were analyzed to investigate abnormalities in blood brain barrier function. Correlations were observed between patient albumin quotient values, a measure of permeability, and CGG repeat length as well as FXTAS rating scale scores.
Provider Preferences for Patient-Generated Health Data Displays in Pediatric Asthma: A Participatory Design Approach.

Objective There is a lack of evidence on how to best integrate patient-generated health data (PGHD) into electronic health record (EHR) systems in a way that supports provider needs, preferences, and workflows. The purpose of this study was to investigate provider preferences for the graphical display of pediatric asthma PGHD to support decisions and information needs in the outpatient setting. Methods In December 2019, we conducted a formative evaluation of information display prototypes using an iterative, participatory design process. Using multiple types of PGHD, we created two case-based vignettes for pediatric asthma and designed accompanying displays to support treatment decisions. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with six participants were used to evaluate the display usability and determine provider preferences. Results We identified provider preferences for display features, such as the use of color to indicate different levels of abnormality, the use of patterns to trend PGHD over time, and the display of environmental data. Preferences for display content included the amount of information and the relationship between data elements. Conclusion Overall, provider preferences for PGHD include a desire for greater detail, additional sources, and visual integration with relevant EHR data. In the design of PGHD displays, it appears that the visual synthesis of multiple PGHD elements facilitates the interpretation of the PGHD. Clinicians likely need more information to make treatment decisions when PGHD displays are introduced into practice. Future work should include the development of interactive interface displays with full integration of PGHD into EHR systems.
Higher Plant Sources of Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents and the Potential Role of Biotechnological Approaches for Their Supply

There are five major structural groups of cancer chemotherapeutic agents derived from higher plants approved clinically in the USA. These are used either in their unmodified naturally occurring form, as semi-synthetic derivatives, or as a conjugate as part of a larger drug molecule. In this chapter, those compounds used currently as approved oncolytic drugs will be described, following by a brief mention of selected plant-derived compounds in current clinical trials as potential cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Next, details on the methods proposed for the production for the oncology drug market of three examples of different structural groups of plant-derived anticancer agents will be given [viz., bisindole (Vinca) alkaloids, podophyllotoxin lignan analogs, and taxane diterpenoid derivatives]. The plant natural products surveyed represent sustainable sources of specialized pure chemicals that are valuable in treating cancer.
Nervous Regulation of Islet Functions

Despite a recent surge in interest, the neural regulation of the endocrine pancreas is poorly understood. Possibly, islet innervation is important for the pulsatile release of islet hormones. Pulsatile release of hormones, as opposed to tonic delivery, may have advantages such as increased efficiency at target organs (thus “saving” hormone), or prevention of receptor desensitization (for literature see Weigle et al. 1984; Samols et al. 1986). Another function of islet innervation may be an overriding control in the integration of islet responses. The vast majority of new data on islet innervation, which comes from studies in mammals, already reveals considerable inter- and intraspecific differences (Gerich and Lorenzi 1978; Woods and Porte 1978; R. E. Miller 1981; Smith and Madson 1981; Palmer and Porte 1983; Porte and Woods 1983; Rohner-Jeanrenaud et al. 1983; Smith and Davis 1983; Steffens and Strubbe 1983; Luiten et al. 1984; Jeanrenaud 1985). Although comparative studies are in their infancy, the available information shows that it is beforehand impossible to identify phylogenetic or functional patterns of islet innervation (Epple et al. 1980; Buchan 1984). Perhaps the extremes are best illustrated by the cyclostomes which totally lack an islet innervation and the teleosts in which islet cells show particularly intimate contacts with neurons (Epple and Brinn 1975).
OPTIMIZED CORE DESIGN OF A SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE-COOLED FAST REACTOR

The gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) has received increased attention in the past decade under the impetus provided by the Generation-IV International Forum. The GFR given principal attention is a ver...
Multitrack RLL codes for the storage channel with immunity to intertrack interference

Multitrack codes that have been proposed for the magnetic storage channel promise larger capacities than conventional run-length limited (RLL) single-track codes. While recent research has approached the intertrack interference (ITI) problem as one or signal detection, we address this issue and mitigate its effect by proper code design. We propose new multitrack RLL codes with immunity to ITI in high density magnetic storage channels. We also enumerate the total number of unique sequences satisfying the minimum run-length constraint for each track in conjunction with the minimum run-length constraint between tracks, and the maximum run-length constraint satisfied by at least one track.
Multistage exhumation and juxtaposition of lower continental crust in the western Canadian Shield: Linking high‐resolution U‐Pb and 40Ar/39Ar thermochronometry with pressure‐temperature‐deformation paths

[1] New U-Pb (titanite, apatite, rutile) and 40Ar/39Ar (hornblende, muscovite, biotite) data are linked with existing pressure-temperature-deformation paths to impose detailed temporal constraints on the juxtaposition and unroofing of domains in an extensive (>20,000 km2) region of exhumed lower crust in the East Lake Athabasca region of the western Canadian Shield. In the ∼200 m.y. between circa 1.9 Ga high-pressure granulite facies metamorphism and circa 1.7 Ga unconformable deposition of Athabasca basin sediments on the exhumed rocks, our analysis reveals at least three distinct phases of unroofing at different rates. Specifically, we distinguish (1) an early phase of extensional unroofing in the Chipman domain at rates of 1.5–2.0 km/m.y. from ∼1.0 GPa to ∼0.8 GPa associated with mafic magmatism and metamorphism, (2) an episode of regional contractional uplift and associated unroofing along the Legs Lake shear zone at circa 1850 Ma from 0.7–0.8 GPa to 0.4–0.5 GPa, and (3) a final period of extensional unroofing at rates of 0.2–0.3 km/m.y. from 0.4 to 0.5 GPa that culminated in transport of current exposures to near-surface conditions. The cooling patterns and retrograde assemblages are consistent with pauses between exhumational phases. The apparent convergence of disparate higher temperature histories in several deep crustal domains at circa 1.89–1.88 Ga implies their juxtaposition at 0.7–0.8 GPa conditions. Regional east directed thrusting of the deep crustal domains as a coherent unit at 1.85 Ga juxtaposed the granulites with middle crustal Hearne domain rocks at 0.4–0.5 GPa conditions. The detailed exhumational history allows correlation with changing regional tectonic regimes associated with the amalgamation of Laurentia. The temporal and spatial heterogeneity of exhumation patterns in the East Lake Athabasca region may be a common feature of the unroofing histories of lower crustal rocks.
Learning to cooperate in a social dilemma: a satisficing approach to bargaining

Learning in many multi-agent settings is inherently repeated play. This calls into question the naive application of single play Nash equilibria in multi-agent learning and suggests, instead, the application of give-and-take principles of bargaining. We modify and analyze a satisficing algorithm based on (Karandikar et al., 1998) that is compatible with the bargaining perspective. This algorithm is a form of relaxation search that converges to a satisficing equilibrium without knowledge of game payoffs or other agents' actions. We then develop an M action, N player social dilemma that encodes the key elements of the Prisoner's Dilemma. This game is instructive because it characterizes social dilemmas with more than two agents and more than two choices. We show how several different multi-agent learning algorithms behave in this social dilemma, and demonstrate that the satisficing algorithm converges, with high probability, to a Pareto efficient solution in self play and to the single play Nash equilibrium against selfish agents. Finally, we present theoretical results that characterize the behavior of the algorithm.
Lactose absorption and consumption in Curaçao schoolchildren.

As an initial step to evaluate the school additional-nourishment program, which provides milk to schoolchildren, a study was conducted in the fall of 1984 on 729 black schoolchildren (aged 8-10 y) in Curacao, for whom lactose consumption and absorption were determined. A food frequency questionnaire was used to determine lactose consumption, and a breath-hydrogen test was used to determine lactose absorption after a physiological load of 0.5 g lactose/kg body wt was administered in the form of standardized irradiated whole milk. An increase in breath-hydrogen of 20 ppm indicated lactose malabsorption; 14% of the children were malabsorbers of lactose. No relationship was found between lactose malabsorption and lactose consumption, as estimated from the questionnaire. Possible reasons for the lower-than-expected prevalence of lactose malabsorption in this population are the use of a physiological dose of lactose, and the fact that this population is well nourished and free from significant parasitism and other endemic diseases.
Characterization and sequence of a Thermomonospora fusca xylanase

TfxA is a thermostable xylanase produced by the thermophilic soil bacterium Thermomonospora fusca. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of Streptomyces lividans transformed by plasmid pGG92, which carries the gene for TfxA, xynA. The molecular mass of TfxA by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is 32 kDa. TfxA is extremely stable, retaining 96% of its activity after 18 h at 75 degrees C. It has a broad pH optimum around pH 7 and retains 80% of its maximum activity between pH 5 and 9. The native enzyme binds strongly to both cellulose and insoluble xylan even though it has no activity on cellulose. Treatment of TfxA with a T. fusca protease produced a 24-kDa catalytically active fragment that had the same N-terminal sequence as TfxA. The fragment does not bind to cellulose and binds weakly to xylan. The Vmax values for TfxA and the fragment are 600 and 540 mumol/min/mg, respectively, while the Kms are 1.1 and 2.3 mg of xylan per ml, respectively. The DNA sequence of the xynA gene was determined, and it contains an open reading frame that codes for a 42-amino-acid (42-aa) actinomycete signal peptide followed by the 32-kDa mature protein. There is a 21-aa Gly-Pro-rich region that separates the catalytic domain from an 86-aa C-terminal binding domain. The amino acid sequence of the catalytic domain of TfxA has from 40 to 72% identity with the sequence of 12 other xylanases from seven different organisms and belongs to family G.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The asialoglycoprotein receptor: relationships between structure, function, and expression

Transport of macromolecules into the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis follows a complex series of intracellular transfers, passing through distinct environments. The asialoglycoprotein receptor is a prototype of the class of receptors that constitutively enters cells via coated pits and delivers ligand to these intracellular compartments. In addition to being a model of receptor-mediated endocytosis, the presence of the receptor on hepatocytes provides a membrane-bound active site for cell-to-cell interactions, has made possible the selective targeting of chemotherapeutic agents and foreign genes, and has also been implicated as a site mediating hepatitis B virus uptake. Regulated expression of receptor subunits and their intracellular trafficking during biosynthesis and endocytosis has provided insights into the relationship of receptor structure to its overall function. As a marker of hepatocellular differentiation, its study has uncovered a unique response to intracellular guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and translational regulation of the receptor. In this review, an overview of these diverse findings is provided in an attempt to relate the various aspects of structure and function as they impact on receptor expression.
Patient perceptions of risky drinking: Knowledge of daily and weekly low-risk guidelines and standard drink sizes.

ABSTRACTBackground: Effective intervention for risky drinking requires that clinicians and patients know low-risk daily and weekly guidelines and what constitutes a “standard drink.” The authors hypothesized that most patients lack this knowledge, and that education is required. Methods: Following primary care visits, patients completed anonymous exit questionnaires that included the 3 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT-C) questions, “How many drinks (containing alcohol) can you safely have in one day?” and questions about size, in ounces, of a standard drink of wine, beer, and liquor. Descriptive analyses were done in Stata. Results: Of 1,331 respondents (60% female, mean age: 49.6, SD = 17.5), 21% screened positive on the AUDIT-C for risky drinking. Only 10% of those accurately estimated daily low-risk limits, with 9% accurate on weekly limits, and half estimated low-risk limits at or below guidelines. Fewer than half who checked “Yes” to “Do you know what a ‘standard drink’ is...
Bioethics Methods in the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of the Human Genome Project Literature

While bioethics as a field has concerned itself with methodological issues since the early years, there has been no systematic examination of how ethics is incorporated into research on the Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) of the Human Genome Project. Yet ELSI research may bear a particular burden of investigating and substantiating its methods given public funding, an explicitly cross-disciplinary approach, and the perceived significance of adequate responsiveness to advances in genomics. We undertook a qualitative content analysis of a sample of ELSI publications appearing between 2003 and 2008 with the aim of better understanding the methods, aims, and approaches to ethics that ELSI researchers employ. We found that the aims of ethics within ELSI are largely prescriptive and address multiple groups. We also found that the bioethics methods used in the ELSI literature are both diverse between publications and multiple within publications, but are usually not themselves discussed or employed as suggested by bioethics method proponents. Ethics in ELSI is also sometimes undistinguished from related inquiries (such as social, legal, or political investigations).
Two new species of coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from ground skinks, Scincella lateralis (Sauria: Scincidae), from Arkansas, USA

Between February 2011 and January 2014, 75 ground skinks, Scincella lateralis (Say) were collected from 13 counties of Arkansas and McCurtain County, Oklahoma, USA, and examined for coccidia. Two (3%) and 11 (15%) S. lateralis were found to be passing oocysts of a new choleoeimerian and isosporan, respectively. Oocysts of Choleoeimeria ouachitensis n. sp. are ellipsoidal to cylindroidal with a smooth, colourless, bi-layered wall and measure 27.2 × 15.6 μm, and have a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.7; both micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but 1–2 polar granule(s) are present. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 8.9 × 6.8 μm, L/W 1.3; neither Stieda, sub-Stieda and para-Stieda bodies are present; the walls have two valves joined by longitudinal sutures; a sporocyst residuum consisted of dispersed granules between sporozoites. Oocysts of Isospora koberi n. sp. are ovoidal with a smooth, colourless, bi-layered wall and measure 25.1 × 20.5 μm, L/W 1.2; both micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but a polar granule is rarely present. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 11.4 × 8.6 μm, L/W 1.3; a nipple-like Stieda body and a sub-Stieda body are present without a para-Stieda body; a sporocyst residuum consisted of condensed granules dispersed between sporozoites. This is the second choleoeimerian and third isosporan reported from S. lateralis.