cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of ammonium ion on the hydrophobic and barrier properties of the gastric mucus gel layer: Implications on the role of ammonium in H. pylori‐induced gastritis

Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is associated with both the development of gastritis and an attenuation in the hydrophobic properties of the stomach. In order to better understand the effect of ammonium, one of the major products of H. pylori urease on these properties, a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments was performed. In the in vivo studies rats were intragastrically administered NH4Cl alone and in combination with the mucolytic agent, Muco-Mist, in various dosing strategies and concentrations. It was determined that the intragastric administration of four consecutive doses of a NH4Cl/Muco-Mist mixture (20 mmol/L/5%) was capable of converting the stomach from a hydrophobic to hydrophilic state as determined by contact angle analysis. Further, the treated rats became more susceptible to the injurious effect of luminal acid as determined by measuring the haemoglobin concentration of a collected gastric perfusate. In the in vitro studies it was determined that exposure of the hydrophobic surface of a synthetic mucus gel layer to increasing concentrations of NH4Cl (0-20 mmol/L) resulted in a rapid transition to a hydrophilic state and an associated increase in the flux of H+ across its surface. Helicobacter pylori may induce an attenuation in both mucosal hydrophobicity and barrier properties by producing high concentrations of NH4+ in the mucus gel layer. The molecular mechanism of this action may be related to the chemical similarities of NH4+ and choline-based phospholipids which contribute to the stomach's hydrophobic surface.
Multiplicity of mitochondrial monoamine oxidases.

Abstract There have been only two brief reports which presented direct evidence of the existence of more than one monoamine oxidase in mitochondria although this has been suggested by many workers. Gorkin (1963) partially separated p-nitrophenylethylamine oxidase activity from m-nitro-p-hydroxybenzylamine oxidase activity by ion exchange chromatography of mitochondrial extracts in the presence of nonionic detergent (OP-10). Youdim and Sandler (1967) report the appearance of two or three bands of enzyme activity upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of partially purified monoamine oxidase from rat liver or human placental mitochondria. This paper describes the separation of solubilized liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidases from three species by gel filtration in the presence of detergent. Based on substrate specificity there appear to be at least three different monoamine oxidases present in rat and rabbit liver and at least two in beef liver.
Glueball-mass estimates in lattice QCD

We show how the Langevin equation for SU(3) gauge fields can be used to compute glueball correlation functions at large separation. On a 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6 lattice we estimate the mass of the lowest ${0}^{++}$ glueball by determining the corresponding correlation function at separations 0, 1, 2, and 3. Several values for the coupling constant are investigated which lie in a region where scaling behavior for the string tension is observed. Our preliminary study indicates ${m}_{{0}^{++}}=(240\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}70){\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{0}$ or alternatively ${m}_{{0}^{++}}=(1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2){m}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}$.
Tumoricidal response induced by cytosine arabinoside after plasma perfusion over protein A

In dogs with spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas, a single nontoxic infusion of cytosine arabinoside after extracorporeal perfusion of plasms over immobilized protein A resulted in a necrotizing response rapid in onset and specific for tumorous tissue. Gross tumoricidal reactions 12 hours after this combined treatment exceeded the algebraic sum of responses to cytosine arabinoside and protein A perfusion treatments alone in the same dogs, implying a synergistic effect between the two. The magnitude, rapidity, and specificity of the tumoricidal response after the combined treatment suggests that it may be an effective chemimmunotherapeutic approach to breast adenocarcinoma.
Peta-scale lattice quantum chromodynamics on a blue gene/Q supercomputer

Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is one of the most challenging applications running on massively parallel supercomputers. To reproduce these physical phenomena on a supercomputer, a precise simulation is demanded requiring well optimized and scalable code. We have optimized lattice QCD programs on Blue Gene family supercomputers and shown the strength in lattice QCD simulation. Here we optimized on the third generation Blue Gene/Q supercomputer; i) by changing the data layout, ii) by exploiting new SIMD instruction sets, and iii) by pipelining boundary data exchange to overlap communication and calculation. The optimized lattice QCD program shows excellent weak scalability on the large scale Blue Gene/Q system, and with 16 racks we sustained 1.08 Pflop/s, 32.1% of the theoretical peak performance, including the conjugate gradient solver routines.
Dehydrogenation of amine-boranes with a frustrated Lewis pair.

Bulky tertiary phosphine/borane Lewis pairs PtBu3/B(C6F5)3 react with amine–boranes to afford dehydrocoupling products and phosphonium borohydride salts.
Helium and xenon in deep-sea basalts as a measure of magmatic differentiation

There has been much recent interest in the rare gas abundances of terrestrial materials, due mainly to the discovery of ‘excess’ radiogenic Ar and He trapped in deep-sea glasses1–4. The abundances of these gases indicated that such materials might effectively trap the internal Earth's atmosphere, and evidence of trapped primordial gases has by now been found not only in deep-sea glasses5–10, but also in xenolithic inclusions11–15, deep ocean waters16, CO2 well gas17–19, volcanic gas20 and diamonds21. The rare gas elemental abundances measured in these samples may not quantitatively reflect the deep-Earth pattern. Several elemental fractionation processes have been suggested, ranging from selective enrichment of the lighter gases in an upward-rising magma22,23 to posteruptive diffusion loss which would selectively deplete the lighter gases24. Each of these processes will affect concentrations of the helium and xenon isotopes in a characteristic manner, thus leaving in the glasses an isotopic fingerprint of what has occurred. New data are reported here which indicate extremely small concentrations of fissiogenic xenon in deep-sea basalts containing large concentrations of trapped excess radiogenic helium and argon. The resulting high 4Her/136Xef ratios are diagnostic of frac-tionation during the magmatic processes leading to eruption rather than of posteruptive loss of gas (which would show the opposite effect). The results indicate that studies of volatiles in general and of the rare gases in particular in such mantle-derived samples, even in those with no subsequent alteration or contamination, may be profoundly influenced by mass-dependent pre-eruptive effects. The consequences of this fractionation for the deep-Earth K/U ratio are discussed.
AmbiPack: A systematic algorithm for packing of macromolecular structures with ambiguous distance constraints

The determination of struc- tures of multimers presents interesting new challenges. The structure(s) of the individual monomers must be found and the trans- formations to produce the packing interfaces must be described. A substantial difficulty results from ambiguities in assigning inter- molecular distance measurements (from nuclear magnetic resonance, for example) to particular intermolecular interfaces in the structure. Here we present a rapid and effi- cient method to solve the packing and the assignment problems simultaneously given rigid monomer structures and (potentially ambiguous) intermolecular distance mea- surements. A promising application of this algorithm is to couple it with a monomer searching protocol such that each monomer structure consistent with intramolecular con- straints can be subsequently input to the current algorithm to check whether it is consis- tent with (potentially ambiguous) intermolecu- lar constraints. The algorithm AmbiPack uses a hierarchical division of the search space and the branch-and-bound algorithm to eliminate infeasible regions of the space. Local search methods are then focused on the remaining space. The algorithm generally runs faster as more constraints are included because more regions of the search space can be eliminated. This is not the case for other methods, for which additional constraints increase the com- plexity of the search space. The algorithm presented is guaranteed to find all solutions to a predetermined resolution. This resolu- tion can be chosen arbitrarily to produce out- puts at various level of detail. Illustrative appli- cations are presented for the P22 tailspike protein (a trimer) and portions of b-amyloid (an ordered aggregate). Proteins 32:26-42, 1998.
Carbon nanotube interconnects: a process solution

The susceptibility of common interconnect metals to electromigration at current densities of 10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/ or greater has been a concern. The ITRS Roadmap emphasizes interconnect technology as a critical element and calls for innovative material and process solutions. This talk will present the potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as interconnects and a processing scheme to integrate them in device fabrication.
On the electromagnetic field of one- and two-dimensional gratings of large cylinders--Part III: Nonpermeable cylinders in uniform field

The electromagnetic flow pattern in one-and two-dimensional gratings of large nonconducting circular cylinders in an external uniform field is studied. It is shown that the cylinders can be replaced by suitable arrangement of pairs of dipoles opposite in sense and placed on an axis perpendicular to the external field. The relation between the spacing of the dipoles and the cylinder radius R yields the complex potential as a function of R, with the imaginary part used to describe the flow pattern. Solutions for unit cells of square, rectangular, and infinite-strip geometry are discussed, with details in tables and plots. In the same context, a uniform field obliquely oriented toward the grating is considered, as is the flux pattern.
Prophesying Women and Ruling Men: Women’s Religious Authority in North American Pentecostalism

The issue of religious authority is one of the main reasons why women have been allowed to participate in Pentecostal churches, and why they have been limited. Women are granted access to ministering authority, but not governing authority. Charles Barfoot and Gerald Sheppard have noted the presence of these two types of authority to be operative within Pentecostalism and have associated them with Max Weber’s typology of prophet and priest. However, in their attempt to describe the history of Pentecostal women in ministry with these categories, Barfoot and Sheppard present the paradigm as one of displacement rather than coexistence. The result is a problematic and misleading account of Pentecostal women in ministry. However, the issue is not Weber’s categories, but how they employ them. The purpose of this article is to utilize the distinction between prophet and priest to differentiate between two types of ecclesial functions and their concomitant religious authority, rather than to differentiate between two periods of Pentecostalism. A brief history of Pentecostal women in ministry is presented, wherein examples are offered of how women in the Church of God, the Church of God in Christ, the Assemblies of God, and the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel operated in the prophetic realms with a ministering authority, but were largely prohibited from the priestly realms and its ruling authority. As these examples demonstrate, the history of Pentecostal women in ministry is told best when the simultaneous existence of the prophetic and priestly functions are recognized, and ministering authority and ruling authority are connected to these two functions.
Delay Tolerant Networks: A Retrospective

In order to ensure ubiquitous connectivity, networks have to operate in regions with very limited infrastructure support. There has been intense recent research activity in the emerging areas of intermittently connected, ad hoc, and delay/disruption tolerant networks (DTN). DTNs differ greatly, depending on the nature of the network environment; they range from deep space networks to buses driving around mobile wireless hotspots in villages to provide Internet service to kiosks. This has led to a wide range of solutions for routing, naming, addressing, message formats, etc. However, there are common features which have already established themselves as standards. We attempt to provide an introduction to the field of DTNs for new researchers, explaining general DTN concepts and standards, surveying the current research, and finally reviewing the available and required capabilities of DTNs so as to identify areas of future work (such as key management, handling of congestion, multicasting capability, and routing).
The future theater-level model: a research project update

Research has been conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School into new methodologies for joint theater-level combat simulation modeling, emphasizing C3I, operational intelligence, decisionmaking under uncertainty, and aggregated stochastic process modeling. Research outcomes to date as well as a prototype software tool are described in this paper.
Recessive NRL mutations in patients with clumped pigmentary retinal degeneration and relative preservation of blue cone function

Mice lacking the transcription factor Nrl have no rod photoreceptors and an increased number of short-wavelength-sensitive cones. Missense mutations in NRL are associated with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa; however, the phenotype associated with the loss of NRL function in humans has not been reported. We identified two siblings who carried two allelic mutations: a predicted null allele (L75fs) and a missense mutation (L160P) altering a highly conserved residue in the domain involved in DNA-binding-site recognition. In vitro luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the NRL-L160P mutant had severely reduced transcriptional activity compared with the WT NRL protein, consistent with a severe loss of function. The affected patients had night blindness since early childhood, consistent with a severe reduction in rod function. Color vision was normal, suggesting the presence of all cone color types; nevertheless, a comparison of central visual fields evaluated with white-on-white and blue-on-yellow light stimuli was consistent with a relatively enhanced function of short-wavelength-sensitive cones in the macula. The fundi had signs of retinal degeneration (such as vascular attenuation) and clusters of large, clumped, pigment deposits in the peripheral fundus at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (clumped pigmentary retinal degeneration). Our report presents an unusual clinical phenotype in humans with loss-of-function mutations in NRL.
The Src Family Kinases, Fgr, Fyn, Lck, and Lyn, Colocalize With Coated Membranes in Platelets

Nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases phosphorylate proteins, thereby activating many intracellular signaling pathways and mediating protein-protein interactions. Protein phosphorylation is regulated in large part by the subcellular localization of these kinases and their respective substrates. Src is the most studied of these kinases, although other members of the Src family have been shown to be important in the differentiation of specific cell types. Src and Src family members are reported to be membrane-associated, but detergent-extraction studies have demonstrated a major difference in the solubility of Src compared with other members of the Src family (Fgr, Fyn, Lck, Lyn, and Yes), suggesting that their subcellular distributions may be different. By immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrate that, unlike Src, the Src-related kinases are associated with electron-dense cytoplasmic domains and plasma membrane domains that correspond in size and frequency to endocytotic vesicles and coated pits. Clusters of labeling for these kinases also were seen adjacent to granule membranes. These kinases colocalize with the coated vesicle protein, clathrin, confirming their association with this class of endocytotic vesicle. We hypothesize that this vesicular association of Src-related kinases indicates a role for them in the endocytotic vesicle-mediated uptake and trafficking of plasma proteins into platelet granules.
Right ventricular stroke-work. An index of distribution of pulmonary perfusion in acute respiratory failure.

To evaluate the possibility that an elevated right ventricular stroke-work index observed in acute respiratory failure correlates with less dead space ventilation, 20 patients requiring mechanical ventilation were studied. Ratio of physiologic dead space to tidal volume was used as an index of distribution of pulmonary perfusion. An inverse linear relationship was found between right ventricular stroke-work index and dead space ratio (r= −0.74, p
A learning approach to hierarchical feature selection and aggregation for audio classification

Audio classification typically involves feeding a fixed set of low-level features to a machine learning method, then performing feature aggregation before or after learning. Instead, we jointly learn a selection and hierarchical temporal aggregation of features, achieving significant performance gains.
Birds of a feather don't always fly farthest: similarity in Big Five personality predicts more negative marital satisfaction trajectories in long-term marriages.

Decades of research suggest that similarity in demographics, values, activities, and attitudes predicts higher marital satisfaction. The present study examined the relationship between similarity in Big Five personality factors and initial levels and 12-year trajectories of marital satisfaction in long-term couples, who were in their 40s and 60s at the beginning of the study. Across the entire sample, greater overall personality similarity predicted more negative slopes in marital satisfaction trajectories. In addition, spousal similarity on Conscientiousness and Extraversion more strongly predicted negative marital satisfaction outcomes among the midlife sample than among the older sample. Results are discussed in terms of the different life tasks faced by young, midlife, and older adults, and the implications of these tasks for the “ingredients” of marital satisfaction.
Development of advanced CRT disassembly technology

One of the objectives of this project is to develop and demonstrate waterjet technologies capable of effectively and efficiently cutting CRTs in order to separate the faceplate from the funnel. The developed technology is capable of separating CRTs at the frit line or just below in order to achieve both high-lead and low-lead cullet output compositions. This capability extends potential secondary markets for recovered CRT glass to include architectural and construction applications by avoiding the environmental concern for leaded glass which exceed the USEPA TCLP test threshold. The process assures continuous cutting of various sizes of CRTs at the competitive processing rate and high line throughput. The study involved CRT cutting using various nozzle configurations and various conditions of the jet-substrate interactions. A continuous cutting system was designed based upon information from experimental data and optimization procedures. In this system sequentially located cutting nozzles are fixed and the CRT moves along a conveyor system. A full size, laboratory scale prototype demonstrating this technology was constructed and successfully tested. Another objective of this exploratory study was to determine the technical feasibility of fluidized bed based technology for cleaning CRT glass cullet. An experimental laboratory setup for glass cleaning was constructed and glass decontamination was investigated. The setup entails a glass cylinder filled by water and equipped by an air nozzle at the bottom. Cleaning was achieved by stirring of the water bath containing glass cullet by the injected air stream. Observation of glass motion in the course of cleaning demonstrated that the surface processing was mostly due to fragment collisions. The results of cleaning were evaluated by visual inspection of the generated surfaces and examination of the size distribution of the glass cullet. A range of process characteristics and bed formulations producing visually clean cullet without undue reduction in the cullet size was determined.
Plastid Endosymbionts in the Freshwater Crustacean Daphnia Obtusa

Symbioses between cyanobacteria (or eukaryotic algae and their plastids) and protists or invertebrates are well known and are important in evolution and ecology. However, no such symbioses have been previously reported in arthropods. An ultrastructural study of a branchiopod crustacean (Daphnia obtusa) from temporary ponds consistently revealed plastids inside gut endocytes. Plastids were most frequent in animals from shaded woodland ponds. Ultrastructure indicated that plastids in D. obtusa (a) are sequestered cyanobacteria and plastids from eukaryotic algae, and (b) senesce, suggesting that these generalist grazers have not closely coevolved with a plastid source. Daphnia obtusa (and other cladocerans?) in temporary ponds may benefit from plastid presence in several ways (nutrition, oxygen, calcium availability); daphnids inhabiting permanent waters may be less selected for plastid uptake. This paper represents an extension of plastid endosymbiosis into the Arthropoda, and indicates more sophisticated evolutionary and ecological interactions between these important crustacean herbivores and their food than previously recognized.
All-CMOS subbandgap reference circuit operating at low supply voltage

This paper presents a CMOS subbandgap reference circuit operating at a low supply voltage. To support low-voltage operation, the subbandgap reference circuit uses nMOS transistors operating in weak inversion and a bulk-driven amplifier. Measurements of a chip fabricated in AMI 0.5 µm CMOS technology show that the subbandgap reference can operate with a 1 V supply voltage to produce a reference voltage of 337 mV with a temperature coefficient of 9.9 ppm/ °C and a voltage coefficient of 290 ppm/V over the temperature range of 10 °C to 100 °C. Measurements of a chip fabricated in UMC 0.13 µm CMOS technology indicate the capability of operation with a 0.4 V supply voltage.
Influence of glyphosate-resistant cropping systems on weed species shifts and glyphosate-resistant weed populations

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops have facilitated increases in conservation tillage production practices and simplified weed control in GR corn, soybean, canola and cotton. Increased reliance on glyphosate, many times as the only active ingredient used, has resulted in weed species shifts and the evolution of weed populations resistant to glyphosate. However, weed shifts and the evolution of herbicide resistance are not new in regard to glyphosate use. Similar effects have been documented to many other historically important weed control advancements for agricultural crop production. GR crop technology was devel- oped to utilize glyphosate for postemergence weed control and industry scientists suggested that there was little fear of weed shifts and resistance evolution due to the broad spectrum of weeds controlled by glyphosate. However, over the last decade, the most problematic weeds in agronomic cropping sys- tems have shifted away from perennial grass and perennial broadleaf weeds to primarily annual broadleaf weeds. The evolution of several GR annual broadleaf weeds in GR cropping systems has been documented, and glyphosate resistance mechanisms in weeds are currently poorly understood.
Temperature-dependent alteration of cellular morphology by cholera toxin in rat liver epithelial cells which are ts for maintenance of transformed properties.

Cholera toxin via its ability to increase intracellular cyclic AMP levels can induce drastic changes in cell morphology. This report describes a temperature sensitive mutant of chemically transformed rat liver epithelial cells which only display cell shape alterations in response to cholera toxin at the permissive temperature. Shift up-shift down experiments indicate that the change in the response occurs fairly rapidly, i.e., within 2 hours at the new temperature. The behavior of the temperature sensitive cells at the nonpermissive temperature mimics that of the untransformed rat liver epithelial cells (i.e., no morphological change in response to cholera toxin) while at the permissive temperature the positive cell shape change is identical to that exhibited by chemically transformed rat liver epithelial cells. The temperature sensitive response to cholera toxin is not a function of cyclic AMP production, since the amount of cyclic AMP found as a function of either time or concentration of cholera toxin is quite similar in cells treated at either temperature.
Tutorial note on the general transmission line theory for a thin wire above the ground

Transmission along an overhead wire or cable conductor is considered. It is shown that the rigorous solution of the problem can be put in the context of classical transmission line theory that has been used by power engineers for many years. However, the effective line parameters are spatially dispersive in the sense that they depend on the actual propagation constant of the mode in question. >
Acquisition of knowledge for autonomous cooperating agents

In an organizational context autonomous agents consist of groups of people, machines, robots, and/or guided vehicles tied by the flow of information between an agent and its external environment as well as within an agent. Mathematical modeling is used to evaluate such an information flow. The evaluation of an information flow is performed for different types of external and internal environments. Two major cases are taken into account, i.e., static and dynamic processes describing the external environment. Only actions that are described by real numbers and utility functions that are twice differentiable are considered. The results of the model-based evaluation of an information flow in different decision situations are formulated as IF...AND...THEN rules that provide some useful knowledge about autonomous agents functioning. To support the development of a bridge between the distributed systems and artificial intelligence, an approach is suggested that combines knowledge expressed by traditional IF...THEN rules with machine learning technique based on the training of a neural network. A three-layer neural configuration is used. The concepts included are illustrated with examples providing interpretation and relation to real situations. >
Chapter Four - Magnetism and Structure in Layered Iron Superconductor Systems

Abstract The magnetism and crystallographic properties of layered iron pnictide and chalcogenide compounds are reviewed. These materials contain square nets of formally divalent iron in edge-sharing tetrahedral coordination. Many of the compounds can be made superconducting with suitable doping or application of pressure, with maximum superconducting transition temperatures exceeding 50 K. There is compelling experimental and theoretical evidence for strong coupling between the magnetism and crystal structure in these materials, and magnetism is expected to be involved in the superconducting pairing mechanism. Relationships among the crystal structures, magnetic properties, and superconductivity are discussed. These include correlations among magnetic moment sizes; crystallographic, magnetic, and superconducting transition temperatures; lattice parameters, interatomic distances; and coordination geometries, as well as the structural response to the chemical substitutions that are used to tune the materials from long-range magnetic order to superconductivity.
Application of the fulcrum axis to estimate the central scapular axis.

Background Glenoid resurfacing can be a challenging component of total shoulder arthroplasty when significant glenoid retroversion or deformity is present. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a newly designed glenoid-targeting guide using the parallel relationship between glenoid version and an anatomic fulcrum axis could accurately estimate the central axis of the scapula. Materials and methods Three orthopaedic surgeons used a newly designed glenoid-targeting guide to place a guide pin into 6 normal Sawbones scapulae (Pacific Research Laboratories, Vashon Island, WA, USA), 6 retroverted Sawbones scapulae, 8 cadaveric scapular specimens, and 5 cadaveric shoulder specimens. Angles of deviation from the central scapular axis and from perpendicular to the fulcrum axis were measured. Results The mean pin deviation angle from the central scapular axis and the mean fulcrum deviation angle for the normal Sawbones scapulae were 1.7° (SD, 1.2°) and 2.1° (SD, 1.5°), respectively. For altered retroverted Sawbones scapulae, the mean deviation angles were 1.8° (SD, 1.2°) and 2.8° (SD, 1.6°), respectively. The combined mean pin deviation angle and mean fulcrum deviation angle for cadaveric shoulder specimens were 2.8° (SD, 3.3°) and 2.3° (SD, 2.3°), respectively. The surgeons' results did not differ significantly whether using Sawbones models, cadaveric scapular specimens, or cadaveric shoulder specimens. Conclusion A glenoid-targeting guide based on the relationship of the fulcrum axis and glenoid version can be used to accurately estimate the central scapular axis. Such a tool can be accurate and reliable intraoperatively, aiding in glenoid component placement to within 5° of ideal version, irrespective of glenoid deformity.
Capture Rates of Invertebrate Prey by the Pitcher Plant, Sarracenia purpurea L

Abstract I examined capture rates of invertebrate prey by pitchers of the purple pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea, in western Newfoundland, Canada. While captures were diverse, Hymenoptera (mostly ants), Coleoptera and Gastropoda accounted for 69% of the total dry mass caught. Gastropoda decompose quickly and completely in pitchers, and their importance (20%) implies that prey sampling methods that do not survey freshly caught prey may seriously underestimate resource availability in pitchers. The average pitcher caught 11 mg dry mass of animal biomass over its lifetime, but capture rates were highly variable (range 0–67 mg). Pitchers opening earlier in the season caught no more or less than those opening late. Larger pitchers caught more than smaller ones, although size accounted for a small fraction of total variance. Capture rates changed with time, peaking in pitchers 12–33 days old; however, pitchers continued to catch prey through their 2nd season (i.e., after overwintering). In an average pitcher,...
News-Seekers vs. Gate-Keepers: How Audiences and Newsrooms Prioritize Stories in Print and Online Content

Traditional research on gatekeeping examines how journalists, editors, and publishers construct and position information to become news. Opportunities for interactivity in online news outlets, however, are creating space for audience members to also play this role. This article analyzes the tone and scope of the stories appearing on the print front-pages in the online most-read lists in twelve news outlets. Findings reveal how news-seekers prefer serious soft news articles, stories that position readers prominently, and fact-laden updates. These trends are interpreted in light of an elitist approach to gatekeeping versus a more egalitarian mindset and the authors conclude that the articles promoted by news-seekers are far less frivolous than feared.
Colorado River Water in Southern California: Evolution of the Allocation Framework, 1922-2015

An elaborate and nested legal framework, with both interstate and intrastate components, governs allocation of Colorado River water to and within Southern California. This framework has evolved for nearly a century, and this paper chronicles major milestones within this evolution. The narrative is framed with the formation of the Colorado River Compact in 1922 as a front bookend, and recent developments involving the Quantification Settlement Agreement, Salton Sea restoration, and the Interim Shortage Guidelines as back bookends. Reflections on the iterative and provisional nature of the evolutionary process, and Southern California's relative degree of water security resulting from it, appear in the conclusion.
Laser printing of 3D metallic interconnects

The use of laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) techniques for the printing of functional materials has been demonstrated for numerous applications. The printing gives rise to patterns, which can be used to fabricate planar interconnects. More recently, various groups have demonstrated electrical interconnects from laser-printed 3D structures. The laser printing of these interconnects takes place through aggregation of voxels of either molten metal or of pastes containing dispersed metallic particles. However, the generated 3D structures do not posses the same metallic conductivity as a bulk metal interconnect of the same cross-section and length as those formed by wire bonding or tab welding. An alternative is to laser transfer entire 3D structures using a technique known as lase-and-place. Lase-and-place is a LIFT process whereby whole components and parts can be transferred from a donor substrate onto a desired location with one single laser pulse. This paper will describe the use of LIFT to laser print freestanding, solid metal foils or beams precisely over the contact pads of discrete devices to interconnect them into fully functional circuits. Furthermore, this paper will also show how the same laser can be used to bend or fold the bulk metal foils prior to transfer, thus forming compliant 3D structures able to provide strain relief for the circuits under flexing or during motion from thermal mismatch. These interconnect "ridges" can span wide gaps (on the order of a millimeter) and accommodate height differences of tens of microns between adjacent devices. Examples of these laser printed 3D metallic bridges and their role in the development of next generation electronics by additive manufacturing will be presented.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Experiential Date Nights: A Qualitative Study

This qualitative study examines the experience of 13 couples who attended a relationship education date night in two metropolitan areas in a western state. The intent of these date nights was to reach audiences that may not attend traditional classroom relationship education. Reasons for, benefits of attending, and impacts were explored with participants. Findings indicate that most participants had fun and enjoyed spending time together, learned qualities and skills of healthy relationships, and had positive learning experiences with other couples. Additionally, although most individuals’ reason for attending was to have fun, most experienced a positive impact on their relationships after the event, such as improved communication, increase in affection and gratitude, or spending more time together. This finding may indicate that regardless of the reasons for attending, it is possible to create an environment for learning relationship skills that can, and most likely will, extend beyond the night ...
Effects of cultivation technique characterized by enhancing source,activating sink and improving quality on yield of extensive-adaptation super rice in South China

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the cultivation technique characterized by enhancing source,activating sink and improving quality on yield of extensive-adaptation super rice in South China.The new technique increased the yield of super rice in South China by enhancing leaf source and activating grain sink.【Method】A field contrast experiment was conducted with five rice genotypes(Shengtai 1,Yuxiangyouzhan,Guinongzhan,Hemeizhan and Fengmeizhan)to evaluate the effects of the cultivation technique characterized by enhancing source,activating sink and improving quality on yield and material accumulation characteristics of extensive-adaptation super rice in South China by comparing with conventional cultivation technique.【Result】Comparing with conventional cultivationtechnique,the actual yield of super rice with the new cultivation technique increased by 18.60%-26.23%.In addition,dry matter accumulation,leaf area index,activities of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)and sucrose synthase(SS)significantly increased as well.【Conclusion】The yield was significantly increased by cultivation technique characterized by enhancing source,activating sink and improving quality.
Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis of Risk Factors of Soil-borne Nematodes in Rural Area of Zhuhai City in 2010

Objective:To study infection of soil-borne nematodes and the current status of epidemic,and to provide the scientific basis for soil-borne nematodes control and prevention.Methods:Kato-Katz thick smear method was used and worm eggs were detected.Cellophane tape swab techniques was also used to inspect the pinworm eggs if the children aged less than 12 year old in primary school or kindergarten.The prevention knowledge of worm was investigated to village people.Results:1000 individuals were surveyed in 5 towns.The infection rate of hook worm and whipworm was 5.8% and 0.6%.The infection rate peak of hook worm was 9.8% in the age above 60.1046 children were examined for pinworm,with an infection rate of 21.7%.The infection rate peak of pinworm in children aged less than 12 year old was 23.0%.Jingan town showed the highest prevalence of hookworm which was 11.6% in adult.Lianzhou town showed the highest prevalence of whipworm which was 1.5% in adult.The infection rate peak of pinworm in children aged less than 12 year old was 37.0% in Baijiao town.Logistic regression found that laboring barefoot was a risk factor of soil-borne nematode infection.Conclusion:It were downward trends of soil-borne nematode infection rates in adults and children aged less than 12 year old in rural area of Zhuhai,but there was a large regional difference.Laboring barefoot was a risk factor of soil-borne nematode infection.
Septal-superior exposure of the mitral valve. The transplant approach.

The technique used for transplant recipient cardiectomy can be modified to improve exposure of the mitral valve in patients with difficult anatomy. Right atrial and septal incisions are joined at the superior end of the interatrial septum and extended across the dome of the left atrium to the base of the left atrial appendage. Retraction of the right ventricle to the left bivalves the left atrium along an axis extending from the appendage to the inferior end of the septum, producing uniquely anterosuperior exposure of the mitral apparatus. This approach provided excellent exposure in seven patients in whom there were a variety of obstacles to a conventional approach. Four (57%) had complex reoperations. There were no bleeding complications. At late follow-up there was no change in rhythm or conduction in four patients with atrial fibrillation preoperatively. A change in P wave axis and morphology was seen at late follow-up in two patients with normal sinus rhythm preoperatively, possibly related to division of the sinus node artery. A third patient with normal sinus rhythm preoperatively remained in normal sinus rhythm at late follow-up. A septal-superior approach can be useful in complex reoperations, in procedures requiring right atriotomy for other reasons, and in patients with a small or inaccessible left atrium (J T horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;103:623-8)
The properties of human C5a anaphylatoxin. The significance of C5a formation during hemodialysis.

Abstract Human C5a anaphylatoxin is a potent bioactive molecule that possesses both spasmogenic and leukocyte-related properties. As such, it normally serves as a local mediator of the acute inflammatory response. Additionally, C5a, through its actions of mononuclear phagocytes, may act to bridge the gap in the acute-chronic inflammatory continuum. While these properties are critical to normal host defense mechanisms, it is now apparent that this anaphylatoxin and/or its des-Arg74 derivative, may exert significant systemic effects that are manifest as cardiopulmonary abnormalities and intravascular activation of granulocytes. Knowledge of these properties is critically important for understanding the clinical sequelae exhibited by patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation since we now know that both hemodialysis and cardiopulmonary bypass [28-30] procedures promote intravascular complement activation and C5a formation. Viewed in this context, it seems reasonable to postulate that many of the immediate and delayed responses to extracorporeal circulation might be mediated by C5a formed in the extracorporeal circuit (table IV). For example, it is now recognized that a few particularly susceptible patients display adverse reactions during the initial phases of hemodialysis. The symptoms of this so-called 'first-use syndrome' may range from severe urticaria and angioedema to life-threatening bronchospasm, hypotension, and cardiopulmonary collapse. Some investigators have presented data which suggest that complement-derived products may be causative of these symptoms in some patients [31]. While this hypothesis remains to be confirmed, present evidence clearly demonstrates that C5a alone may produce many of the observed phenomena. In addition to the acute effects produced by C5a, both our own basic studies and the clinical investigations presented by others at this conference suggest that the long-term effects of repeated C5a exposure in the dialyzed patient may be considerable. Thus, there has been a great deal of interest in the role of complement-derived mediators as initiators of leukocyte degranulation and toxic oxygen radical production and an exploration of the significance of these events in the eventual development of chronic pulmonary fibrosis in the dialyzed patient. Similarly, the effects of repeated exposure to IL-1 that has been postulated to occur as a result of C5a triggering of monocytes during dialysis is currently an active area of investigation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
TH‐A‐204‐00: Key Dosimetry Data ‐ Impact of New ICRU Recommendations

The ICRU is currently finalizing a report on key data for radiation dosimetry. This multi-year review has resulted in a number of recommendations regarding “fundamental” data that are used in dosimetry related to radiation therapy. This educational session will explain the background for the ICRU committee's work, the content and conclusions of the report and the impact on outputs, including NIST primary standards, ADCL calibration coefficients and clinical reference dosimetry. Parameters and beam modalities potentially affected by this report include: The mean excitation energy, I, for graphite, air, and water, The average energy required to create an ion pair in dry air (commonly referred to as W/e), The uncertainty in the determination of air kerma in kV xrays The absolute value of Co-60 and Cs-137 primary standards and the dissemination of calibration coefficients, The determination of air kerma strength for Ir-192 HDR brachytherapy sources Ion chamber kQ factors for linac MV beams Ion chamber kQ factors for proton beams. The changes in reference dosimetry that would result from adoption of the ICRU recommendations are of the order of 0.5% to 1%, an effect that will not impact clinical dose delivery but will be detectable in the clinical setting. This session will also outline how worldwide metrology is coordinated through the Convention of the Meter and therefore how the international dosimetry community will proceed with adopting these recommendations so that uniformity from country to country in reference dosimetry is maintained. Timelines and communications methods will also be discussed to ensure that users, such as clinical medical physicists, are not surprised when their chamber's calibration coefficient apparently changes. Learning Objectives: 1.Understand the background for the ICRU committee's work on key dosimetry data. 2.Understand the proposed changes to key data and the impacts on reference dosimetry. 3.Understand the methodology and timeline for adoption of the ICRU recommendations.
Lake Louise Consensus Methods for Measuring the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response

The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is the body’s first line of defense against environmental hypoxia, for example, at high altitude. In acute hypoxia, the HVR ia a reflex increase in ventilation in response to decreased arterial PO2, which is rapidly sensed by arterial chemoreceptors primarily in the carotid bodies.With sustained exposure to hypoxia, the HVR changes (8). For example, after 5 to 20 minutes of hypoxia, ventilation “rolls off” relative to the acute hypoxic response and this is called hypoxic ventilatory decline (HVD). With continuous hypoxia, for example during acclimatization to high altitude, ventilation increases above the level of the acute HVR with ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH). The different time domains of the HVR raise many questions about the physiological mechanisms of oxygen sensing and the control of breathing. They also raise many issues about experimental methods to measure the HVR and comparing results between laboratories. At the 13th International Hypoxia Symposium, John Severinghaus proposed consensus methods for measuring the HVR in humans, and the discussion continued at the 14th International Hypoxia Symposium in Lake Louise. The goal of this report is to stimulate further discussion and experiments so we can adopt a “Lake Louise Consensus for Measuring the HVR” at the 15th International Hypoxia Symposium in 2007.
Online muon reconstruction in the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer at the level-2 stage of the event selection

To cope with the 40 MHz event production rate of LHC, the ATLAS experiment uses a multi level trigger architecture that selects events in three sequential steps, increasing the complexity of reconstruction algorithms and accuracy of measurements with each step. The Level-1 is implemented with custom hardware and provides a first reduction of the event rate to 75KHz, identifying physics candidates within a small detector region (Region of Interest, RoI). The higher trigger levels, the Level-2 and the Event Filter, are running on dedicated PC farms where the event rate is further reduced to O(400) Hz by software algorithms. At Level-2, the selection of the muon events is initiated by the “MuFast” algorithm, which confirms the muon candidates by means of a precise measurement of the muon candidate momentum. Designed to use a negligible fraction of the Level-2 latency, this algorithm exploits fast tracking and Look Up Table (LUT) techniques to perform the muon reconstruction with the precision muon chamber data within the RoI. The quality of the track parameters is good and approaches that of the offline reconstruction in some detector regions, and enables Level-2 to achieve a significant reduction of the event rate. This paper presents the current state of the art of the L2 algorithm “MuFast” reviewing its performance on the event selection, and the algorithm optimization achieved by using data taken in 2010.