cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utilizing role theory to help employed parents cope with children’s chronic illness

Role theory is utilized to detail a six-step process for developing balanced coping through role negotiation. As applied in this paper, the role theory framework provides health educators with a useful tool for helping employed parents cope with a child’s chronic illness. The emphasis is on partnering with parents or primary caregivers to identify, understand and manage the multiple role demands of working parents with chronically ill children. Role theory suggests ways health educators can support balanced coping by educating families about the demands of a child’s illness, and helping to reduce those demands, helping to increase family resources, supporting parents and facilitating role negotiation. The ultimate goal is the development of balanced coping strategies that (1) meet the medical and emotional needs of the ill child, (2) allow parents to maintain their physical and mental health, and (3) enable parents to meet the demands of their other roles (e.g. paid employment).
Early gesture selectively predicts later language learning

The gestures children produce predict the early stages of spoken language development. Here we ask whether gesture is a global predictor of language learning, or whether particular gestures predict particular language outcomes. We observed 52 children interacting with their caregivers at home, and found that gesture use at 18 months selectively predicted lexical versus syntactic skills at 42 months, even with early child speech controlled. Specifically, number of different meanings conveyed in gesture at 18 months predicted vocabulary at 42 months, but number of gesture+speech combinations did not. In contrast, number of gesture + speech combinations, particularly those conveying sentence-like ideas, produced at 18 months predicted sentence complexity at 42 months, but meanings conveyed in gesture did not. We can thus predict particular milestones in vocabulary and sentence complexity at age by watching how children move their hands two years earlier.
A dynamical point process model of auditory nerve spiking in response to complex sounds

In this paper, we develop a dynamical point process model for how complex sounds are represented by neural spiking in auditory nerve fibers. Although many models have been proposed, our point process model is the first to capture elements of spontaneous rate, refractory effects, frequency selectivity, phase locking at low frequencies, and short-term adaptation, all within a compact parametric approach. Using a generalized linear model for the point process conditional intensity, driven by extrinsic covariates, previous spiking, and an input-dependent charging/discharging capacitor model, our approach robustly captures the aforementioned features on datasets taken at the auditory nerve of chinchilla in response to speech inputs. We confirm the goodness of fit of our approach using the Time-Rescaling Theorem for point processes.
Triptans for migraine management in adolescents.

Objective.—To review triptan efficacy and tolerability data for adolescent migraine sufferers to assist clinicians in selecting triptans for this age group. Background.—Migraine is a common cause of headache among adolescents. To date, no medications, including those with proven headache relief in adults, have been approved for treatment of migraine in adolescents. Methods.—Recent triptan clinical trials conducted in adolescent migraine sufferers 12 to 17 years of age were reviewed and results were summarized. Results.—The success of individual triptan clinical trials conducted in adolescent appears related to time to treatment (1.9 to 6 hours), placebo response (25% to 57%), and day of the week (weekday versus weekend). Overall, triptan tolerability in adolescents is similar to that reported in adults. Conclusion.—Study results suggest that the triptan class of antimigraine drugs may effectively alleviate migraine in adolescents. Future research should address placebo response and earlier treatment paradigms.
Pulmonary artery catheter placement guided by echocardiography

A 60-year-old woman presented with 3 days history of fever, chills, shortness of breath and productive cough. On arrival to emergency department she was critically ill. Vitals were unstable with blood pressure of 67/30 mmHg, heart rate 122 bpm, respiratory rate 30/min and SPO2 78% on 6 l of O2. Arterial blood gas was done and showed pH of 7.0, PaCO2 87 mmHg, PaO2 48 mmHg and HCO3 9 meq/l. Chest X-ray was done and confirmed right lower lobe consolidation which is consistent with pneumonia (Figure 1). She was intubated, and started on intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Blood pressure did not respond to IV fluid boluses and …
Therapeutic armamentarium for treating depression.

AbstractDepressive disorders are highly prevalent and are a leading cause of disability, morbidity, and mortality worldwide; however, they often remain undertreated or untreated. This article provides a broad overview of the many strategies for treating depression. More than 24 antidepressant medications and depression-focused psychotherapies are available as first-choice options for treating depression. When patients have not had a satisfactory treatment response, the 2 main strategies are switching to an alternative antidepressant therapy or adding a second antidepressant therapy. A large number of medication combinations have been reported in the literature, and some have been shown to be effective in controlled studies. Nonstandard alternatives to conventional antidepressant treatments include exercise, light therapy, sleep deprivation, and various complementary and alternative therapies. For more chronic and refractory forms of depression, various neuromodulation therapies are available or are being ...
On Race and Time

Arousal is known to shape time perception, and heightened arousal causes one to perceive that time has slowed (i.e., a given length of time feels longer than it actually is). The current experiments illustrate that among White people who experience arousal when contemplating race (specifically those for whom appearing biased is an ongoing concern), time perception slows when they observe faces of Black men. We asked participants to judge the duration of presentation for faces of White and Black men (shown for periods ranging from 300 to 1,200 ms) relative to a standard duration of 600 ms. Evidence of bias emerged when White participants concerned with bias saw faces of Black men (e.g., durations of less than 600 ms were perceived as being greater than 600 ms). The current findings have implications for intergroup interactions in which timing is essential-for example, length of job interviews, police officers' perception of the length of an encounter and when force should be initiated, and doctors' perception of the length of medical encounters. Racially biased time perception is a new form of implicit bias, one exerted at the perceptual level.
Momentum-dependent mean field based upon the Dirac-Brueckner approach for nuclear matter.

A momentum-dependent mean field potential, suitable for application in the transport-model description of nucleus-nucleus collisions, is derived in a microscopic way. The derivation is based upon the Bonn meson-exchange model for the nucleon-nucleon interaction and the Dirac-Brueckner approach for nuclear matter. The properties of the microscopic mean field are examined and compared with phenomenological parametrizations which are commonly used in transport-model calculations.
History, Governmental Structure, and Politics: Defining the Scope of Local Board of Health Power

Local boards of health often issue regulations that have broad effects that surpass the borders of the city or county to which they apply. Promulgation of such rules by board of health members appointed by the executive branch implicates separation of powers concerns; because such regulations may so extensively burden a locality’s citizens, it may be more appropriate for elected officials to adopt these regulations. Indeed, local businesses or other interested parties often bring suit challenging local board of health actions. Courts apply different analytical methodologies to review these challenges, which often leads to incongruent local health agency discretion for different boards in different states—or even between different local boards in the same state. This Note suggests that the above concerns implicitly affect how courts assess local board of health action. Based on an examination of four local boards of health and their relationships with their local and state governments, this Note posits that there are three factors that courts and policymakers should examine when assessing the parameters of a local board of health’s regulatory discretion: the locality’s history, the locality’s government structure, and the locality’s politics. By taking into account these three factors before applying traditional doctrines of local agency review—including nondelegation, preemption, or Dillon’s Rule—courts may be better positioned to decide which of these doctrines should apply. In conducting this analysis, this Note also furthers the understanding of the place local boards of health hold in the grander struggle between local and state governments.
Where's the Pluralism? The Lack of Methodological Pluralism in Political Science and International Political Economy

Within this paper, I argue that the lack of methodological pluralism in political science and International Political Economy (IPE) is due to the many divisions between the qualitative and quantitative methodological camps in the discipline. I argue that this divide is holding the discipline back from addressing real world and current problems through multiple lenses of explanation. Additionally, I argue that researchers in political science are too theory driven instead of being issue driven, which is detrimental to the discipline as well as the researcher. Ultimately, I argue that researchers should employ methodological pluralism by choosing their methodologies according to which are best able to shed light on the particular phenomenon of interest and call for a second, more formal, Perestroika movement within the discipline.
Ab initio investigations of dioctahedral interlayer-deficient mica: modelling 1 M polymorphs of illite found within gas shale

In this investigation we create a variety of dioctahedral, interlayer (cation)-deficient mica clay mineral models of the 1 M -illite series, using the ab initio method of density functional theory (DFT), employing plane waves, pseudo potentials, and super cells. The structures we create are modelled on an average formula of illite such as (Ca 0.059 , K 0.655 )(Si 3.597 , Al 0.403 )(Fe 0.628 , Al 0.969 ,Mg 0.428 )O 10 (OH) 2 , as well as existing crystal structures and experimental data. This study investigates the relative positions of both octahedral and tetrahedral cation substitutions ( e.g . Fe 3+ for Al 3+ and Al 3+ for Si 4+ ) in both trans- and cis-vacant structures. The purpose of this work is to create robust, representative models of single layers (I) and double layers (I-I) of illite found within gas shale, that can be used in future investigations. We examine lattice parameters, interatomic distances of tetrahedral and octahedral sheets, K–O distances, and K positions, and find reasonable agreement with experimental data, and excellent agreement with simulated data of similar structures. Finally, to enable experimental characterization of samples of illite with different compositions, we provide simulated X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patterns including up to the first ten ( h k l ) reflections, and find characteristic identifiers of trans- and cis-vacant micas in agreement with previous theoretical and experimental studies. We conclude that the models we create are feasible models of I and I-I layers of illite found within shale and are ready for use in future work.
Genomic Alterations and Targeted Therapy in Gastric and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Purpose Gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas are common and aggressive malignancies. Systemic therapy for these tumors is based primarily on cytotoxic chemotherapy, but outcomes remain poor. Precision medicine, where treatments are tailored to specific molecular abnormalities of tumors, holds great promise for improving outcomes in this disease. Methods A search was performed in PubMed to identify studies that have characterized the molecular basis of gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma, as well as clinical trials exploring targeted therapies in this disease. Findings Recent genomic studies have identified potentially targetable genomic alterations in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Specifically, The Cancer Genome Atlas study defined 4 subgroups of gastric cancer, each harboring distinct genomic features. However, development of targeted therapies for gastroesophageal cancer has been challenging. The only biomarker-driven therapy in clinical practice, trastuzumab for the ~15% of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2−positive disease, is modestly effective, extending median overall survival by 2.7 months. Clinical trials of other targeted therapies, including epidermal growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, and MET inhibitors, have had disappointing results so far. Implications The availability of genomic tools provides an unprecedented opportunity to develop new rational therapeutic strategies. New trial designs of targeted therapies in biomarker-selected patient populations have the potential to improve outcomes in this lethal disease. As these clinical trials are being developed, it is increasingly important to incorporate correlative studies that will allow us to identify biomarkers of response or resistance to targeted therapies.
Non-bodies of knowledge: Anatomized remains from the Holden Chapel collection, Harvard University:

In response to the violence of the Revolutionary War and affirming Enlightened philosophies, Harvard University founded its Medical School in 1783. Excavated materials from a trash feature at Holden Chapel, site of Harvard’s early medical lectures, include anatomized human remains. There, new regimes of medical authority were created through the manipulation of bodies via transgressive practices of dissection, display, and disposal. Existing studies of nineteenth-century cadavers strongly focus on their emotional and evidentiary qualities. Close attention should also be paid to instructional bodies. Instructional human remains, uncannily both subject and object, person and specimen, were distinct from other kinds of bodies – and distinctly troubling. The Holden collection historicizes concepts of the body, permits an archaeology of early medical authority, and destabilizes archaeologists’ usual approaches to human remains, corporeality, and the individual.
Prefrontal Cortex and Basal Ganglia Attributes Underlying Behavioral Flexibility

The Kesner neurobiologically based attribute model of memory is a multiple memory systems model proposing that different brain systems support specific memory representations based on attribute information. The model has served as a useful framework to test hypotheses about the nature of memory representations in the brain. The model has expanded beyond the neurobiology of memory to investigate how separate prefrontal cortex subregions support behavioral flexibility based on how attribute information must be used in different ways to allow adaptive behavior. Behavioral flexibility refers to the ability to adapt strategies or choice patterns when changes in external or internal conditions signal a behavioral strategy switch. The chapter first describes how different prefrontal cortex subregions support the flexible use of attribute information based on the behavioral operation required to adapt. Under conditions in which a change in outcomes signals that a behavioral switch should occur, accumulating evidence supports the idea that the prelimbic cortex enables a switch in strategies that allows the flexible use of different attribute information, that is, set-shifting. The orbitofrontal cortex enables behavioral flexibility when conditions require a new choice pattern using the same attribute information, that is, reversal learning. The chapter additionally considers a role for the dorsomedial striatum, which receives input from multiple prefrontal areas, in both set-shifting and reversal learning. Based on examination of the error patterns in these different tests, the prefrontal cortex enables behavioral flexibility by initially inhibiting a previous choice pattern and/or generating a new choice pattern while the dorsomedial striatum facilitates the reliable execution of a new choice pattern. It also describes recent findings indicating that the prelimbic cortex along with the subthalamic nucleus and dorsomedial striatum acts in a cooperative manner to enable behavioral flexibility when cues, as opposed to outcomes, guide a proactive behavioral switch. Specifically, the prelimbic cortex and subthalamic nucleus enable the rapid inhibition of an ongoing choice pattern while concomitantly a neural system that includes the prelimbic cortex and dorsomedial striatum enables selection of an alternative choice pattern and maintenance of that selection. Taken together, the Kesner neurobiological model of memory has served as a framework to build substantial support for the idea that prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia structures are crucial to allow rapid and repeated adaptations under changing environmental demands.
Agrosoma, a New Genus for Tettigonia Pulchella Guérin and Related Species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

A study of both wing patterns and male genitalia of numerous specimens from Mexico, Central America, and South America revealed a complex of 12 species in what has heretofore been considered Tettigonia pulchella Guerin. These constitute the new genus AGROSOMA , in which Tettigonia cruciata Signoret and T. proximo , Signoret are also included as valid species. New species are: A . akenalis , A . bispinella , A . carinona , A . decepta , A . exukanis , A . glyphalis , A . placetis , A . syklis , and A . terebra . Keys are given to males and to females. Each species is characterized by distribution records, illustrations of wing pattern, and illustrations of diagnostic characters of the male internal genitalia.
Structures and Bonding of New Types of Transition Organometallic Complexes

The results of a number of recent structural investigations have provided new insight into the nature of bonding of organometallic complexes.
Crohn's disease and periosteal new bone formation.

Two cases of periosteal new bone formation in patients with chronic granulomatous disease of the bowel are reported. Only 1 other such case could be found in the literature. More frequent radiographic eval­uation of arthralgia in patients with Crohn’s disease may disclose a higher incidence of osteoarthropathy than has thus far been reported.
Social Work and Social Welfare: A Conceptual Matrix

The social ethics of relief giving (the bases on which relief ought to be given) in natural disaster situations are explored through a case study of public reactions to Red Cross activities. Red Cross policies and public reactions to them are reviewed, and survey data pertaining to attitudes toward the Red Cross and toward relief giving in natural disasters of residents of a western New York county are presented. Specifically, public satisfaction with present Red Cross dis:ribution policies is explored, and public perceptions of "loss vs need" as bases for relief giving are examined. Although there are some qualifications, findings show a large segment of the public supporting bases other than "need" for the distribution of disaster services. This is especially true for those who have actually received disaster aid. Implications are that the public does not always support a redistributive role for relief giving, but in some cases with some populations expects relief giving to reinforce the status quo.
Managing Internal Cognitive and External Environmental Stresses through Progressive Relaxation

Stresses of life come from the external and from the internal environments. External environmental stresses have been variously specified and include problems that develop in social and inter-personal relations, the work place, and such specific circumstances as driving in traffic. Cognitive (mental) stresses may be generated by internal stimuli that are not directly triggered by external events. For instance, frightening thoughts may be evoked as patterns if covert responses occur when we lie quietly at rest or during sleep.
Impact of Interval between Screening and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes on Pregnancy Outcomes.

Objective Current standard of care in the United States uses a two-step screening and diagnosis approach for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to assess the impact of the interval between screening and diagnosis on maternal and perinatal outcomes. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies complicated by GDM at a single tertiary center from 2007 to 2013. Women were divided into three groups based on the interval between their screening and diagnostic tests: ≤ 7, 8 to 14, and > 14 days. Maternal outcomes were mode of delivery, White class A2GDM, and preeclampsia. Perinatal outcomes included preterm birth, birth weight, macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and birth injury. Results Chart review revealed 1,212 women with diagnosis of GDM and 565 were included in the analysis with 310 (55%) women ≤ 7 days, 149 (26%) women within 8 to 14 days, and 106 (19%) women > 14 days group. All maternal and perinatal outcomes were similar between groups including risk of cesarean delivery, A2GDM, preeclampsia, macrosomia, preterm birth, hypoglycemia, and birth injury. Conclusion Increasing time interval between screening and diagnosis may not negatively affect maternal or perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by GDM.
Control Improvements for the DIII-D Cryo System

The cryogenic system at General Atomics' DIII-D Tokamak fusion facility provides cryo-pumping for the fusion vessel and neutral beams, cooling for the superconducting magnets for electron cyclotron heating, and cooling for the deuterium pellet injector. The cryo system, built in the 1980s, has been upgraded to integrate control using one programmable logic controller (PLC). This integration of control has provided the ability to make improvements to the control of the cryo system
Abstract B13: Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analysis of 775 human cancer cell lines reveals tumor-derived immune programs and their regulators

The role of tumor cell-derived immune factors in the development of cancer and tumor immunity remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that tumors express recurrent and stable immunoregulatory programs that impact cancer growth and immunity. To identify these programs, we performed an unbiased integrative analysis of chromosomal copy number aberrations and gene expression analysis on 775 primary solid tumor cell lines, derived from 23 different tissues of origin. Using modified versions of GISTIC 2.0 and CONEXIC, a Bayesian module network method, we identified cancer drivers that correlated with specific transcriptional regulatory programs across multiple cell lines (after considering confounding variables, including histology, sub-histology, ethnicity, gender, center of collection, experimental batches and unknown variables using Surrogate Variable Analysis). We identified a total of 60 amplified and 222 deleted somatic regions, of which 52% contained a candidate driver gene whose expression was associated with the expression of a target module. The driver genes consisted of putative novel and known cancer drivers, including deletions in CDKN2A-CDKN2B (q Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Alexandra-Chloe Villani, Ye Chun, Raktima Raychowdhury, Weibo Li, Thomas Eisenhaure, Aviv Regev, Nir Hacohen. Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analysis of 775 human cancer cell lines reveals tumor-derived immune programs and their regulators. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B13.
Occupations and the prevalence of major depressive episode in the national survey on drug use and health

Objective This study explores the relationship of occupations to major depressive episode (MDE). Method National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data from the civilian noninstitutionalized United States population are analyzed regarding mental illnesses, employment, and specific occupations and industries. This analysis uses combined 2005 to 2014 NSDUH data, comprising a sample of 433,000 adults aged 18 to 64 years old, of whom 22,700 were both employed and had experienced an MDE in the past year. Results The findings focus on 30 occupations with the highest prevalence of MDE (greater than 9.0%). There is no simple overarching concept that describes these occupations, although common factors suggest hypotheses about the relationship of occupation to depression. Conclusion and implications for practice The findings suggest the possibility of prioritizing available preventive and treatment interventions to occupational settings with the highest prevalence of MDE. (PsycINFO Database Record
Risk Analysis Considerations for Dam Safety

Risk analysis has become a fashionable enterprise, displacing a broad and diverse segment of traditional deterministic and standards-based approaches to evaluation and decision making for public health and safety. The general view is that risk analysis provides a formal basis to rationally evaluate much of the uncertainty inherent in difficult social choices about investments for improving health and safety that has heretofore been implicitly factored into conservative design standards. In water resources engineering there is as much a lack of consensus about what risk analysis means and how it is to be applied as is found in other disciplines. A number of perceived and practical difficulties of applying conventional risk analysis methods are investigated in the context of evaluating remedial measures for improving the hydrologic safety of dams.
Characterization of 3″ through-thickness friction stir welded 7050-T7451 Al alloy

Abstract Through-thickness friction stir welding of 3″ thick 7050-T7451 Al alloy was performed as some aerospace applications require welding of thick sections of high strength Al alloys. Detailed microstructural characterization using scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), weld hardness mapping and location-specific mini-tensile testing of all weld zones were carried out. Grain boundary precipitates, intra-grain precipitates size and distribution and precipitate-free zones of various zones were characterized using SEM and TEM. Extensive precipitation along grain and sub-grain boundaries and severe precipitate coarsening were common in all weld zones. A minimum hardness of ~77 HV0.3 was registered in the heat-affected-zone region. Strength values from the location specific mini-tensile tests were similar to mapped weld hardness.
Phosphorylation of Beta-3 adrenergic receptor at serine 247 by ERK MAP kinase drives lipolysis in obese adipocytes.

Abstract Objective The inappropriate release of free fatty acids from obese adipose tissue stores has detrimental effects on metabolism, but key molecular mechanisms controlling FFA release from adipocytes remain undefined. Although obesity promotes systemic inflammation, we find activation of the inflammation-associated Mitogen Activated Protein kinase ERK occurs specifically in adipose tissues of obese mice, and provide evidence that adipocyte ERK activation may explain exaggerated adipose tissue lipolysis observed in obesity. Methods and Results We provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway in human adipose tissue, mice, and flies all effectively limit adipocyte lipolysis. In complementary findings, we show that genetic and obesity-mediated activation of ERK enhances lipolysis, whereas adipose tissue specific knock-out of ERK2, the exclusive ERK1/2 protein in adipocytes, dramatically impairs lipolysis in explanted mouse adipose tissue. In addition, acute inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling also decreases lipolysis in adipose tissue and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Mice with decreased rates of adipose tissue lipolysis in vivo caused by either MEK or ATGL pharmacological inhibition were unable to liberate sufficient White Adipose Tissue (WAT) energy stores to fuel thermogenesis from brown fat during a cold temperature challenge. To identify a molecular mechanism controlling these actions, we performed unbiased phosphoproteomic analysis of obese adipose tissue at different time points following acute pharmacological MEK/ERK inhibition. MEK/ERK inhibition decreased levels of adrenergic signaling and caused de-phosphorylation of the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR) on serine 247. To define the functional implications of this phosphorylation, we showed that CRISPR/Cas9 engineered cells expressing wild type β3AR exhibited β3AR phosphorylation by ERK2 and enhanced lipolysis, but this was not seen when serine 247 of β3AR was mutated to alanine. Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that ERK activation in adipocytes and subsequent phosphorylation of the β3AR on S247 are critical regulatory steps in the enhanced adipocyte lipolysis of obesity.
Social Integration Among Older in-Migrants in Nonmetropolitan Retirement Destination Counties

Migration is closely associated with various life course transitions, and, as Longino (1990) and others have shown, retirement and migration are frequently linked. While the 2000 CPS showed that older persons tend to have a relatively low propensity to migrate (only 2.0 percent crossed county lines from 1995 to 2000 compared with 8.6 percent of persons aged 30–34), when they do move, they are more likely to move to nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) destinations.2 As a consequence, older persons have made a positive contribution to nonmetro population change in each decade since the 1960s. Regardless of the overall direction of metro to nonmetro migration—positive in the 1970s and 1990s and negative in the 1980s—more older persons have moved to nonmetro areas than in the opposite direction in each decade since the 1970s (Fulton et al., 1997).3 Counties with higher than average net in-movement of older persons are among the most rapidly and consistently growing types of nonmetro area. During the 1990s, for example, nonmetro counties with 15 percent or higher net in-migration of persons aged 60 or older grew by 28 percent compared with 8 percent for other nonmetro counties. Retirement destination counties, by definition, attract older migrants, but they also attract working-age persons who obtain jobs in economic activities induced by the in-flow of retirees (Johnson & Fuguitt, 2000). Hence, retirement migration has been an engine of nonmetro economic and demographic growth, and many states and localities have developed explicit strategies to attract retirees (Reeder, 1998; Stallman & Siegel, 1995). While a substantial amount of research has examined the geographic mobility of older Americans (De Jong et al., 1995; Litwak & Longino, 1987) and the social and economic effects of retiree migration on destination communities
Idiopathic Condylar Resorption: A Survey and Review of the Literature.

Purpose Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) is a relatively uncommon condition. Its diagnosis, etiology, and management options are controversial. Furthermore, it is difficult for 1 provider to collect a large cohort of ICR patients to develop a statistically significant study of these concerns. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to survey experienced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgeons who have managed ICR cases relative to these concerns, as well as review the management outcome literature. Materials and Methods SurveyMonkey (Palo Alto, CA) was used to canvas the 88 international TMJ surgeons on the TMJ Concepts (Ventura, CA) InterNetwork. This network connects a group of surgeons across the world who consistently perform TMJ surgery. The intent was to provide a global snapshot of the demographic, epidemiologic, diagnostic workup, and outcome data related to the management of ICR cases. Results The surveys from surgeons who did not respond to all 12 questions were not included in the results. After application of the exclusion criteria, complete data on a cohort of 100 patients were obtained and used for the study. A history of hormonal imbalance was reported in only 10% of patients; however, 42 of 94 women were reportedly taking birth control pills presumably affecting their menstrual cycles. The most common reason for consultation was Class II malocclusion (98% of patients). Treatment modalities varied and included orthodontics, orthotics, TMJ total joint replacement, orthognathic surgery, and disc repositioning. Conclusions ICR management proved to be controversial among the surveyed surgeons. Multiple treatment options have been described in the literature, including medical management, orthognathic surgery only, TMJ and orthognathic surgery, and total joint prosthesis reconstruction. Long-term, controlled, multicenter clinical studies should be developed to evaluate outcomes of all nonsurgical and surgical management options for the ICR patient.
Mediation of Impacts of Elevated CO2 and Light Environment on Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Chemical Defense against Insect Herbivory Via Photosynthesis.

Elevated CO2 alters C3 plant tolerance to insect herbivory, as well as the induction kinetics of defense hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), but the underlying physiological mechanism causing this response is not well understood. In principle, SA could be induced under elevated CO2 by reactive oxygen signals generated in photosynthesis, ultimately influencing chemical defense. To test whether the effects of elevated CO2 on C3 plant chemical defense against herbivorous insects are modulated by photosynthesis, Arabidopsis thaliana var. Col-0 plants were grown in two 2 × 2 × 2 nested factorial combinations of ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2, and two dimensions of light regimes comprising intensity (‘mild’ 150 μmol E m−2 s−1 vs. ‘low’ light, 75 μmol E m−2 s−1) and periodicity (‘continuous’, 150 μmol E m−2 s−1 vs. ‘dynamic’, in which lights were turned off, then on, for 15 min every 2 h). Plants were challenged with herbivore damage from third instar Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper). Consistent with experimental predictions, elevated CO2 interacted with light as well as herbivory to induce foliar concentration of SA, while JA was suppressed. Under dynamic light, foliar content of total glucosinolates was reduced. Under combination of elevated CO2 and dynamic light, T. ni removed significantly more leaf tissue relative to control plants. The observations that CO2 and light interactively modulate defense against T. ni in A. thaliana provide an empirical argument for a role of photosynthesis in C3 plant chemical defense.
Actor for Life: How to Have an Amazing Career Without All the Drama

Bookstores are overflowing with self-help books aimed at the general public to inspire a sense of purpose, direction, and self-esteem. There is also a plethora of texts for performers on “the busin...
Direct access to 2-difluoromethyl indoles via photoredox catalysis

Abstract A visible-light mediated approach to radical difluoromethylation of 3- and 3,5-substituted indoles was investigated using a readily synthesized difluoromethyl source, CF2HPPh3Br. Direct difluoromethylation of indoles in the two position is a rare feat in the literature. The reactions were conducted at room temperature, using Ir(ppy)3 as photocatalyst in acetone, to afford the 2-difluoromethyl indoles in relatively low to moderate yields.
The gfc operon is involved in the formation of the O antigen capsule in Aeromonas hydrophila and contributes to virulence in channel catfish

Abstract A hypervirulent A. hydrophila (vAh) pathotype has been identified as the etiologic agent involved in disease outbreaks in farmed carp and catfish species in China and the Southeastern United States, respectively. To assess the role of the LPS O-antigen in vAh virulence, the O-antigen ligase (waaL) and O-antigen polymerase (wzy) genes were deleted. While neither waaL nor wzy were found to be required for vAh virulence, a waaL mutant was found to have a polar effect on an adjacent group 4 capsule (gfc) genetic operon that was predicted to play a role in capsule assembly. Mutations in the gfc operon attenuated vAh virulence in channel catfish, particularly the mutant lacking gfcD that is predicted to encode an outer membrane protein required for capsular polysaccharide export. Furthermore, the vAh gfcD mutant was found to lack significant biofilm-forming capacity or buoyancy compared to wild-type vAh and induced an adaptive immune response that protected catfish from vAh challenge. This study indicates the importance of the capsular polysaccharide assembly process in the pathogenesis of this highly virulent A. hydrophila pathotype.
Computer Education for Surveying Engineers

This paper starts with a discussion of the likely technical changes in computers during the next twenty years, and how these are expected to influence the surveying profession. It then goes on to d...
Effects of soil type and compaction on the growth of Ailanthus altissima seedlings.

Ailanthus altissima (Tree-of-Heaven) seedlings were grown in compacted and non-compacted mason sand and sandy loam soil. Shoots and roots were measured to characterize seedling development and resp...
Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Clinical Pearls—E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury

This commentary provides clinical pearls for hospital medicine physicians caring for patients who present with symptoms that might indicate vaping-related lung injury.
Introduction: The (Non)Intersections of Film and Literary Studies

Drawing on my experience in teaching both literature and film, I try to raise questions in this chapter about what seem to me commonly held assumptions—first, that the work of interpretation is and has been a central focus of film studies as a discipline and, second, that the skills required of such work are commonly possessed and easily acquired. Unlike literary studies, where hermeneutics has a long and rich history, and where any given text of any note has generated a host of dialectically related readings, film studies has in fact scanted the interpretation of individual works. One consequence is a relative dearth of good examples of interpretive work on film to put before students being introduced to the discipline.
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy Studies of the Microenvironment of Graded Amine-Functionalized Silica Surfaces

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study the behavior of a 2-hydroxy substituted nile red (NR-OH) dye in silica films incorporating amine gradients. These amine gradients were made by the vapor-phase deposition of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTMOS) onto microporous silica base layers in a humidity-controlled chamber. Water contact angle and ellipsometry measurements were used to confirm the formation of amine gradients. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement of the nitrogen content of the gradient films showed that there was a gradual decrease in the amine content of the gradient films away from the 3-APTMOS reservoir. Bulk fluorescence studies of the dye in basic media of varying strengths showed that there is a hypsochromic shift in the emission maxima of the spectra with increasing basicity. Two-color fluorescence videos acquired along the gradients showed that the fluorescence of the dye was more intense in the 580/40 nm channel (where the deprotonated form of the dye is more prevalent) than the 640/40 nm channel at the high amine end of the films. With decrease in the amine content of the films, the fluorescence of the 580/40 nm channel decreases relative to the 640/40 nm channel. This study can aid in understanding the nature of active sites of bifunctional catalysts for an aldol condensation reaction carried out at the single molecule level.
Enabling User-centered Privacy Controls for Mobile Applications: COVID-19 Perspective

Mobile apps have transformed many aspects of clinical practice and are becoming a commonplace in healthcare settings. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has provided the opportunity for such apps to play an important role in reducing the spread of the virus. Several types of COVID-19 apps have enabled healthcare professionals and governments to communicate with the public regarding the pandemic spread, coronavirus awareness, and self-quarantine measures. While these apps provide immense benefits for the containment of the spread, privacy and security of these digital tracing apps are at the center of public debate. To address this gap, we conducted an online survey of a midwestern region in the United State to assess people’s attitudes toward such apps and to examine their privacy and security concerns and preferences. Survey results from 1,550 participants indicate that privacy/security protections and trust play a vital role in people’s adoption of such apps. Furthermore, results reflect users’ preferences wanting to have control over their personal information and transparency on how their data is handled. In addition, personal data protection priorities selected by the participants were surprising and yet revealing of the disconnect between technologists and users. In this article, we present our detailed survey results as well as design guidelines for app developers to develop innovative human-centered technologies that are not only functional but also respectful of social norms and protections of civil liberties. Our study examines users’ preferences for COVID-19 apps and integrates important factors of trust, willingness, and preferences in the context of app development. Through our research findings, we suggest mechanisms for designing inclusive apps’ privacy and security measures that can be put into practice for healthcare-related apps, so that timely adoption is made possible.
Hadamard Extensions and the Identification of Mixtures of Product Distributions

The Hadamard Extension of a matrix is the matrix consisting of all Hadamard products of subsets of its rows. This construction arises in the context of identifying a mixture of product distributions on binary random variables: full column rank of such extensions is a necessary ingredient of identification algorithms. We provide several results concerning when a Hadamard Extension has full column rank.
Strain differences in performance of alternation patterns between C57BL/6 and CF1 mice

Abstract Recombinant DNA technology has facilitated animal models that could be used to investigate candidate gene contributions to acquisition and retention. In practice, researchers focus on genetics or simple behaviors, rarely combining both or investigating genetic contributions to complex behaviors. We investigated inbred C57BL/6 and outbred CF1 mice’s ability to perform single-alternation and double-alternation patterns. C57BL/6 mice performed better, especially on double-alternation patterns. We also observed sex differences in the inbred C57BL/6 strain for the double alternation pattern. This suggests paradigms for investigating complex behaviors can be useful in uncovering strain differences and contributions of candidate genes to learning, retention, and performance.
Casket Case #2: The Ghost-Shaped Brain: Tim Jennings and the Rhetorrectional Situation

On April 24, 2010, John Nixon, senior pastor of Collegedale Seventh-day Adventist Church, located on the Campus of Southern Adventist University, passed out in the middle of his sermon. On May 22, while attempting the same sermon, he passed out again. Speculation as to the cause of such dramatic sermonic interruptions was rife. Church administrator Wolf Jedamski was contacted but offered no information other than that medical personnel had examined Pastor Nixon and released him. “Nixon did not respond to requests for comment.” This strange event haunted the faith community, particularly since the sermon, entitled The Wrath of the Lamb was a response to a perceived theological threat.
Liposome-Mediated DNA Transfer

The DNA-mediated transfer of genes has been used extensively as a tool for genetic study of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. For those cells for which DNA transformation systems have been developed, gene transfer has yielded a wealth of detail for bacterial (Avery et al., 1944), yeast (Hinnen et al., 1978), and animal cell (McBride and Athwall, 1977; Wigler et al., 1977) molecular biology. A variety of techniques have been used to effect the introduction of relatively unpurified nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells, including cell: cell fusion (Ringertz and Savage, 1976) and uptake of isolated nuclei, microcells (Fournier and Ruddle, 1977), bacterial protoplasts (Schaffner, 1980), viruses (Hamer et al., 1979; Mulligan et al., 1979), or whole chromosomes (McBride and Athwall, 1977) by cells. Purified nucleic acids can be introduced into cells as calcium phosphate coprecipitates (Graham and Van der Eb, 1973) or polycation complexes (McCutchen and Pagano, 1968), which may be endocytosed. In addition, cryoprotectants and polyalcohols (Hinnen et al., 1978; Stow and Wilkie, 1976) also facilitate nucleic acid uptake. Direct introduction of genetic material into cells can be accomplished by microinjection with small capillary needles (Capecchi, 1980; Anderson et al., 1980) or by prepackaging the nucleic acid in carriers such as liposomes (phospholipid vesicles*) or red blood cell ghosts (Straus and Raskas, 1980). While specific successes have been attained by all the methods mentioned, this chapter will deal with the methods, advantages, and potential of liposomes as carriers of nucleic acids.
Statistical Analysis of Neuronal Spike Trains

Certain concepts from the information sciences have been particularly useful in helping describe nervous activity. One can picture the dynamical activity of a nervous network as consisting of a large number of ongoing simultaneous time series of events (spike trains) emerging from all the constituent cells. The output train of any particular cell reflects the ongoing input trains at each of some several hundred or even thousands of synapses. Various synapses are weighted in significance according to the strength of the metabolic transmitter apparatus and proximity to the soma. Whether or not one assumes that under some conditions certain components of the input or output patterns might be considered as “background noise” with respect to some other component which might comprise a “signal,” it is certainly clear that the methods and concepts of stochastic processes applied on an operational level can help to reveal many characteristics of neuroelectric events not readily apparent in other ways.