cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Popular Support for Village Self-Government in China

Based on survey data collected in Jiangsu Province, this research finds that rural residents' evaluations of self-government institutions were more positive than those of the elected leaders. Villagers' subjective orientations-such as assessment of the village leaders' policy performance, beliefs in democratic institutions, and external efficacy-shaped their attitudes toward both self-government institutions and elected leaders.
A Comment on Eerland et al. (2016)

People imagine criminal behavior in greater detail and ascribe more blame to criminals when a description of a crime is written using the imperfective verb aspect (Hart & Albarracin, 2011, Experiment 3). An initiative to reproduce these findings conducted by Eerland et al. (2016) yielded a lack of replication. Eerland et al. have suggested that the original effect was likely driven by a Type I error produced by methodological aspects of the experiment, including low sample size. Recent conceptual replications of Hart and Albarracin's effect (Sherrill, Eerland, Zwaan, & Magliano, 2015), however, might imply the effect could be contingent on sample characteristics.
Supramolecular assemblies of alkane functionalized polyethylene glycol copolymers for drug delivery

Surfactants are commonly used drug carriers, however, there is a lack of understanding regarding the relationship between drug loading, drug release kinetics, and cell internalization with the physicochemical properties of the drug carriers, preventing rational design. The effects of altering hydrophobic and hydrophilic chain lengths on a poly[poly-(oxyethylene)-oxy-5-hydroxyisophthaloyl] (Ppeg) platform for delivering hydrophobic drugs was examined. The synthesized polymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. The resulting polymer particles were able to form micelles in aqueous solution and encapsulate pyrene, a highly hydrophobic model drug, with a loading capacity up to 8wt%, corresponding to a 50% loading efficiency. The ability to sustain drug release from these micelles over several days was also observed. RAW 264.7 macrophage uptake of the micelles was measured quantitatively and was found to be substantially higher than internalization of the unencapsulated drug. The loading capacity of the drug in the various micelles did not correlate with the internalization of the particles into the cells. Factorial analysis was used to develop predictive equations for drug loading, drug release kinetics, and cell internalization. These models were validated with newly synthesized compounds.
Trade in Agricultural Products

Agricultural trade issues have rarely been more visible. At the Economic Summit in Houston, in July 1990, the leaders of the seven largest democracies, along with the EC Commission, took time out from such weighty matters as aid to the Soviet economy and protection of the environment to discuss agricultural trade. At the heart of the problem was a difference of opinion between the United States and the Community on the way to improve the agricultural trading system. The debate doubtless will continue right through the GATT Uruguay Round of trade negotiations. But even if a firm agreement emerges from the GATT talks, issues in agricultural trade will be contentious for many years to come.
McPhail Tree Farm, South Carolina, United States of America

Abstract Family forests (those owned by families, individuals, trusts, estates, family partnerships, and other non-incorporated groups of individuals) represent an important segment of private forest land ownership in the United States. There are about 11 million private forest owners and 92% of them are family forest owners that control 62% of private forest land, or 35% of all forest land in the nation ( Butler, 2008 ). Less than 1% of family forest owners (who control 4% of family forest land) are certified as practicing sustainable forest management ( Butler, 2008 ). The American Tree Farm System (ATFS) has encouraged sustainable forestry on family forests for more than 70 years and is a recognized forest certification system that caters to the family forest. ATFS forest certification standards are tailored to the small family ownership. Other forest certifiers tend to cater to forest owners with large timberland areas. The ATFS has developed a forest management plan template that incorporates the components normally included in a family forest management plan with sustainable forest management standards and requirements. This case study illustrates the use of that template on a family forest owned by a National Outstanding Tree Farmer of the Year (the highest honor for an ATFS certified family forest).
Origin Stories: The Boston Athenæum, Transatlantic Literary Culture, and Regional Rivalry in the Early Republic

Abstract This essay critically examines and revises the story of the 1807 founding of the Boston Athenaeum. The institution was said to be inspired by a written description of the Athenaeum of Liverpool (UK), but I argue that this traditional story is a fabrication, one knowingly invented by Boston's men of letters.
Abstract IA47: Epigenetic programming and therapy in germinal center derived B-cell lymphomas.

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas (DLBCLs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases initiating from germinal center (GC) B cells. GC B cells are uniquely specialized to tolerate rapid proliferation, and physiological genomic instability in order to generate a diverse set of clones of cells encoding high affinity antibodies. This accelerated micro-evolutionary process requires the concerted action of transcription and epigenetic factors that collectively reprogram B cells to overcome many of their normal checkpoint restraints and tolerate the various stresses associated with affinity maturation. The GC phenotype poses a significant risk of malignant transformation to B cells, which must accordingly balance suppression of checkpoints with suppression of pro-oncogenic genes. Epigenetic regulatory complexes play a critical role in lymphomagenesis. EZH2, which epigenetically silences genes through histone 3 lysine 27 methylation is upregulated in normal and malignant GC B cells. EZH2 is often affected by gain of function mutations in lymphomas that alter its enzymatic specificity. EZH2 mediates GC formation by transiently suppressing checkpoint genes and terminal differentiation genes through formation of bivalent chromatin domains. EZH2 somatic mutations induce germinal center hyperplasia and malignant transformation, and cooperate with other oncogenes such as BCL2. EZH2 specific inhibitors can suppress the growth of GC derived lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo, and are currently being evaluated in early phase clinical trials. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is required for B cells to form GCs, and GC B cells display cytosine methylation redistribution as compared to resting or naive B cells. DLBCLs in turn exhibit prominent and heterogeneous disruption of cytosine methylation distribution, with specific and distinct DNA methylation profiles occurring in different lymphoma subtypes. Epigenetic heterogeneity is associated with unfavorable outcome in B-cell lymphomas, suggesting that epigenetic diversity may provide a survival advantage to lymphoma cell populations. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors can reprogram lymphoma cells to develop a form of incomplete senescence that sensitizes lymphoma cells to more readily respond to chemotherapy. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors can be safely combined with standard lymphoma therapies for the up-front treatment of patients with high-risk lymphomas. Citation Format: Ari M. Melnick. Epigenetic programming and therapy in germinal center derived B-cell lymphomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr IA47.
Impact of communities, health, and emotional-related factors on smoking use: comparison of joint modeling of mean and dispersion and Bayes’ hierarchical models on add health survey

The analysis of correlated binary data is commonly addressed through the use of conditional models with random effects included in the systematic component as opposed to generalized estimating equations (GEE) models that addressed the random component. Since the joint distribution of the observations is usually unknown, the conditional distribution is a natural approach. Our objective was to compare the fit of different binary models for correlated data in Tabaco use. We advocate that the joint modeling of the mean and dispersion may be at times just as adequate. We assessed the ability of these models to account for the intraclass correlation. In so doing, we concentrated on fitting logistic regression models to address smoking behaviors. Frequentist and Bayes’ hierarchical models were used to predict conditional probabilities, and the joint modeling (GLM and GAM) models were used to predict marginal probabilities. These models were fitted to National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) data for Tabaco use. We found that people were less likely to smoke if they had higher income, high school or higher education and religious. Individuals were more likely to smoke if they had abused drug or alcohol, spent more time on TV and video games, and been arrested. Moreover, individuals who drank alcohol early in life were more likely to be a regular smoker. Children who experienced mistreatment from their parents were more likely to use Tabaco regularly. The joint modeling of the mean and dispersion models offered a flexible and meaningful method of addressing the intraclass correlation. They do not require one to identify random effects nor distinguish from one level of the hierarchy to the other. Moreover, once one can identify the significant random effects, one can obtain similar results to the random coefficient models. We found that the set of marginal models accounting for extravariation through the additional dispersion submodel produced similar results with regards to inferences and predictions. Moreover, both marginal and conditional models demonstrated similar predictive power.
The “broadening” of international human rights: the cases of the right to development and right to democracy

Since the emergence of the international human rights regime, after the Second World War, governments appear to have moved toward accepting increasingly broad rights. The present study seeks to explain this important shift. It draws upon a theoretical framework focusing on actors’ strategic responses to normative pressures. We argue that government officials involved in normative bargaining over new human rights are more likely to adopt strategies of broadening norms than simply yielding, challenging or narrowing them. We seek to assess the plausibility of this argument by focusing on the history of the right to development and the right to democracy. We contrast the debates surrounding these rights in academic circles to those among practitioners, in the UN. We show how broadening strategies in the latter circles have led to the empowerment of these two rights and even to strong associations between them.
Culturally and linguistically diverse student and family perspectives of AAC.

AbstractAugmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices are important for nonverbal students with disabilities to communicate with the verbal world. AAC devices provide access to academic and social opportunities for students with disabilities. With the changing demographics of schools and an emphasis on meaningful, culturally relevant instruction for all students, it is important to consider how AAC devices are utilized and perceived by individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds and their families. This paper reviewed empirical studies that addressed the perspectives and use of AAC devices by CLD students with disabilities and their families. A total of N = 11 studies were selected spanning almost two decades of research related to AAC use in culturally and linguistically diverse populations internationally. Discussions and implications highlight the need for a deeper understanding of culture and race as they inform instruction for AAC users with disabilities and ad...
Large Scale Cryogenic Integration Approach for Superconducting High-Performance Computing

Superconducting single-flux-quantum-based (SFQ) digital integrated circuits (ICs) are a promising candidate for high-speed and ultralow energy dissipation computing systems. Circuits based on several versions of SFQ-type logic, RQL, and AQFP logic have been demonstrated with complexities reaching up to a few tens of thousands of gates. Packaging many superconducting ICs using microbump (15µm or less) technology and performing high throughput, nearly lossless data transfer between various superconducting and/or CMOS chips are highly desirable for a hybrid superconducting computer architecture, but this density has not yet been demonstrated. An efficient way to achieve this goal is to couple the chips through a passive superconductive multichip module (S-MCM) that distributes information between integrated circuits utilizing lossless superconducting transmission lines. Here we show implementation of such a superconducting base using well-defined impedance lines to couple multiple ICs to enable a cryogenic integration approach for possible future hybrid superconducting computing systems. The use of indium-based microbumps to form interconnects between an S-MCM and superconducting ICs, and its electrical performance, are discussed. Optimized microbumps were used to fabricate interconnections on a large S-MCM by using thermocompression(TC) bonding. From 17200 to 68800 microbumps fabricated in a 5 mm × 5 mm active area of an S-MCM, having pitches ranging from 35 µm to 15 µm, were bonded with a superconducting IC to create a daisy chain structure. In addition, a large active area (10 mm × 10 mm) flip-chip having continuous niobium daisy chains with up to 77,500 bumps with 15 µm bump diameter and 35 µm pitch was also demonstrated. As a case study, an optimized microbump interconnect construction for attaching 16 superconducting chips with a large 32 mm × 32 mm superconducting base was fabricated and tested at room temperature and 4.2 K to study the structural and electrical integrity. Josephson junctions and niobium lines on integrated superconducting chips and the superconducting base maintained their I-V characteristics, which allows the design of building blocks for a superconducting computing system.
Manipulation of the Isoelectric Point of Polyampholytic Smart Hydrogels in Order to Increase the Range and Selectivity of Continuous Glucose Sensors

Abstract Continuous glucose sensors based upon polyampholytic smart hydrogels (PSHs) have been intensively studied for biomedical and bioprocess applications. Here we focus on the chemistry of PSHs designed for bioprocess monitoring, an application for which the relevant glucose concentration and pH ranges (1–50 mM and 6.8–7.8, respectively) are much wider than those required for biomedical monitoring. PSHs respond to glucose because they contain phenylboronic acid (PBA) moieties that become negatively charged when they reversibly bind to glucose. PSHs also contain positively charged amine groups. Several research groups have designed PSHs that shrink in response to increases in glucose concentration, yet swell in response to increases in fructose or lactic acid concentration. The shrinking behavior is usually attributed to an increase in reversible crosslink density that occurs when the hydrogel binds glucose. However, we show here for the first time that it is possible to design PSHs that shrink in response to increases in glucose, fructose or lactic acid concentration. This is significant because fructose and lactic acid, unlike glucose, are incapable of forming reversible crosslinks within the hydrogel. Therefore, reversible crosslinking cannot be the sole mechanism responsible for the shrinking response of PSHs. In order to obtain PSHs suitable for glucose sensing over wide pH and glucose concentration ranges, we show that it is important to adjust the isoelectric point (IEP) so that it always exceeds the environmental pH value.
Clinical Reasoning: A patient with a history of encephalomyelitis and recurrent optic neuritis.

A 4-year-old girl presented to an outside hospital after waking up with inability to stand or walk. She had a viral prodrome with fever for several days. Brain and spine MRIs revealed lesions in the left caudate, bilateral insular cortex, right thalamus, and right temporal cortex as well as longitudinally extensive cervical and thoracic cord lesions. Spinal fluid showed pleocytosis with 200 white blood cells (mixed neutrophils and lymphocytes), elevated CSF protein (103 mg/dL), and negative bacterial and viral cultures and PCR. Oligoclonal bands were negative. During the hospitalization, she developed encephalopathy and was diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). She received a course of IV steroids followed by an oral steroid taper, and her neurologic symptoms resolved fully. However, within 2 weeks, she experienced painless bilateral vision loss. A repeat brain and orbit MRI revealed swelling in the bilateral optic nerves and decrease in size or resolution of prior brain lesions. Optic neuritis (ON) was diagnosed based on clinical and radiographic presentation. She was given a course of IV immunoglobulin, followed by IV steroids, and a longer steroid taper.
Rare side effect of adjuvant ipilimumab after surgical resection of melanoma: Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Guillain-Barre syndrome is a life-threatening neurological disorder that presents with rapid ascending paralysis and areflexia. Guillain-Barre syndrome is traditionally associated with infections from a gastrointestinal or respiratory tract source. We report the case of a 71-year-old man with melanoma who was treated with ipilimumab as adjuvant immunotherapy and subsequently developed Guillain-Barre syndrome. The diagnosis was made clinically through physical exam findings. He was successfully treated with a combination of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and corticosteroids.
Persistence of spermatozoa: lessons learned from going to the sources.

• The literature shows that sperm persists no longer than 7 days in the vagina post coitus.
Comparison of Candidate Cell Populations for the Recellularization of Decellularized Heart Valves.

Heart valve tissue engineering may provide improved treatment for valvular heart disease, yet development of a tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV) has been limited by incomplete recellularization of the valve leaflets. In this study, we compare the leaflet recellularization potential of candidate cell populations. Four cell populations were tested: bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC), 5 million bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), 10 million bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC2), and 5 million valve interstitial cells (VIC). Candidate cell populations were seeded onto decellularized heart valves and underwent similar conditioning in a low-flow bioreactor for 2 weeks. MSC2 valves demonstrated the best recellularization of the interstitial leaflet tissue as well as an appropriate cell phenotype, mechanical properties, and biochemical composition. MSC valves exhibited similar leaflet repopulation, yet had decreased mechanical and biochemical properties. MNC seeding resulted in minimal recellularization of the leaflet, though an additional time point group found cells present after 3 days, which seemed to disappear at 2 weeks. VIC seeding resulted in cell clumping on the leaflet surface and poor recellularization. The results of this study suggest mesenchymal stem cells are a preferred cell population for TEHV recellularization. Additionally, MSCs demonstrate the ability for repopulation of the distal valve leaflet, which will lead to more complete recellularization of future TEHVs.
Associations Between Cumulative Neighborhood Deprivation, Long-Term Mobility Trajectories, and Gestational Weight Gain

Existing research on neighborhood environment and gestational weight gain (GWG) focuses on point-in-time measures of neighborhood context. This precludes understanding how long-term exposure to adverse neighborhood environments influences GWG. We estimated associations between average exposure to and trajectories of long-term neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and risk of inadequate or excessive GWG. Using data from 5690 full-term, singleton pregnancies in the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we estimated associations between cumulative deprivation and GWG, overall and by race/ethnicity, controlling for individual and residential covariates. A one standard deviation unit (8-point) increase in neighborhood deprivation increased risk of inadequate GWG (Relative Risk (RR): 1.08; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.00-1.16) for all women and excessive GWG (RR: 1.11; 95% CI 1.02-1.21) for white women. Persistent low deprivation (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64-0.94) and upward mobility (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.61-0.96), compared to persistent high deprivation, reduced risk of inadequate GWG. Persistent low deprivation also reduced risk of excessive GWG (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.71-0.98). Long-term neighborhood deprivation contributes to patterns of GWG over women's life course.
Correction to: A promising approach for modeling biological fibers

The last sentence of [1] on page 1612, namely: “In fact no Helmholtz potential for an isotropic material can reduce this 1D equation of Fung.”
Exercise Patterns in a Population of Older Adults

Little is known about the extent to which older adults engage in exercise, despite recent enthusiasm for exercise among people of all ages. This report describes the exercise patterns in a well-defined population of older adults living in southern California. From 1984 through 1987, we asked 1,140 members of a previously defined adult community 50-93 years of age to report the frequency and duration of participation in 14 leisure-time activities in the two weeks preceding a physical examination. Exercises were categorized as light, moderate, or heavy according to a previously validated scale. Interviewers ascertained information on chronic disease history, cigarette smoking, physical and emotional functioning, and self-rated health. More than 90% of the group reported some physical activity in the two-week period before their evaluation. While the rates of moderate and heavy exercise decreased with age, rates of participation in and duration of light exercise actually increased. Walking was the most common form of exercise reported and was positively associated with other exercise: walkers were more likely to engage in nearly every form of exercise ascertained by the questionnaire than were nonwalkers. Of those who walked or engaged in moderate or heavy exercise, nearly 60% did so three times a week for at least 20 minutes a time. Exercise frequency was lower in those with a history of chronic disease, obesity, or current cigarette smoking, and exercise was positively associated with physical and emotional functioning and self-rated health. These data illustrate that older adults can and do exercise late into life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Bijlmer Project: Moving the Classroom into our Community to Combat Human Trafficking

Sheetal Shah explores the value of taking classrooms into the community in order to engage in social justice work. She uses the example of the Bijlmer Project, a grassroots project in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, that combines the expertise of professional partners and academics to address the vulnerability of survivors of sex trafficking. Through their involvement with the Bijlmer Project, undergraduate and graduate students gain an enhanced understanding of psychology, human rights, and international affairs—all while recognizing the inequalities happening within their own city. Indeed, human rights to health, education, and physical security take on new importance when students witness the impacts of rights violations—and also when they have an opportunity to combat and confront these problems firsthand. Additionally, students expand their research and advocacy skills, gaining practical experience for future study and action.
Shock Compaction of Al Powder Examined by X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging

Shock compaction response of ∼50% porous aluminum powder, encapsulated in PMMA cylinders and impacted at 0.3–1.7 km/s using 6061-T6 Al impactors, was examined in situ and in real time using a propagation-based X-ray phase contract imaging (PCI) technique capable of providing micron spatial resolution at the Advanced Photon Source. Numerical simulations of the PCI data accurately captured the propagating compaction shock wave in the powder and the deformation of the powder column.
Label-free cellular viability imaging in 3D tissue spheroids with dynamic optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation)

The recent development of 3D tissue spheroids aims to address current limitations with traditional 2D cell cultures in various studies, including cancer drug screening and environmental toxin testing. In these studies, measurements of cellular viability are commonly utilized to assess the effects of drug or toxins. Existing methods include live/dead assays, colorimetric assays, fluorescence calcium imaging, and immunohistochemistry. However, those methods involve the addition of histological stains, fluorescent proteins, or other labels to the sample; some methods also require sample fixation. Fixation-based methods preclude the possibility of longitudinal study of viability, and confocal fluorescence imaging-based methods suffer from insufficient delivery of labels near the center of 3D spheroids. Here, we demonstrate the use of label-free optical coherence tomography (OCT) for quantitative cellular viability imaging of 3D tissue spheroids. OCT intensity and decorrelation signals acquired from neurospheroids exhibited changes correlated with cellular viability as manipulated with ethanol. Interestingly, when we repeated the imaging while cells gradually became less viable, the intensity and decorrelation signals exhibited different time courses, suggesting that they may represent different cellular processes in cell death. More quantitative measurements of viability using dynamic light scattering optical coherence microscopy (DLS-OCM) will be also presented. DLS-OCM enables us to obtain 3D maps of the diffusion coefficient, and we found that the diffusion coefficient of intra-cellular motility correlated with cellular viability manipulated by changes in temperature and pH. Finally, applications of these novel methods to human-cell 3D spheroids will be discussed.
Error estimation in coupled multi-physics models

Abstract Model predictions often exhibit discrepancy with respect to experimental observations, due to assumptions and approximations in the model. Bayesian approaches for estimating discrepancy in single models have been studied in the past. In this paper, we approach the problem of discrepancy estimation in coupled models (especially multi-disciplinary models) using Bayesian state estimation methods. The proposed state estimation-based approach is found to have significant advantages over the previously studied Kennedy-O'Hagan method, in the estimation of discrepancies of hidden states, and in the identification of the sources (namely, model form errors) of the discrepancies. We adopt a partitioned approach to estimate discrepancies in weakly coupled systems and perform state estimation separately for the individual disciplines. The proposed approach is illustrated for a four-discipline problem related to aero-thermo-elastic response prediction of a hypersonic aircraft panel.
More Than a Feeling

One of the most common items seen across a university campus is the ubiquitous backpack. As fashionable as it is functional, the variety of bags and carrying styles is dizzying. The classic backpack has the two padded straps across the front and a large open storage area. More modern versions of this traditional pack have a webbed cup on the side to hold a water bottle and various small holes in which the wearer can feed cords for headphones. More advanced styles have numerous modular side pockets designed to hold all the electronics that the current crop of students need to carry. Phones, laptops, portable games, charging cables, and even battery banks are just the basics that many students have. In the non-electronic category of items, students transport books, food, water, and even clothing depending on the weather. I feel as some of these students are packing for an assault on Everest as they empty their bags in my classrooms.
Nuclear War as a Global Catastrophic Risk

Nuclear war is clearly a global catastrophic risk, but it is not an existential risk as is sometimes carelessly claimed. Unfortunately, the consequence and likelihood components of the risk of nuclear war are both highly uncertain. In particular, for nuclear wars that include targeting of multiple cities, nuclear winter may result in more fatalities across the globe than the better-understood effects of blast, prompt radiation, and fallout. Electromagnetic pulse effects, which could range from minor electrical disturbances to the complete collapse of the electric grid, are similarly highly uncertain. Nuclear war likelihood assessments are largely based on intuition, and they span the spectrum from zero to certainty. Notwithstanding these profound uncertainties, we must manage the risk of nuclear war with the knowledge we have. Benefit-cost analysis and other structured analytic methods applied to evaluate risk mitigation measures must acknowledge that we often do not even know whether many proposed approaches (e.g., reducing nuclear arsenals) will have a net positive or negative effect. Multidisciplinary studies are needed to better understand the consequences and likelihood of nuclear war and the complex relationship between these two components of risk, and to predict both the direction and magnitude of risk mitigation approaches.
African American and Latino bereaved parent health outcomes after receiving perinatal palliative care: A comparative mixed methods case study.

Abstract Background Death of one's infant is devastating to parents, negatively impacting couple relationships and their own health. The impact of a prenatally diagnosed life-limiting fetal condition (LLFC) on parents of minority status is unclear. Aim This comparative mixed methods case study examined the person characteristics, quality of perinatal palliative care (PPC) received and parent health outcomes. Methods Bereaved couples, 11 mothers and 3 fathers of minority or mixed races (11 African American and Latino, 1 White Latino and 2 White parents) completed the survey; 7 were interviewed. Results Parents rated their general health close to good, physical health close to normal but mental health lower than the population norm. Clinical caseness (abnormal levels) of anxiety were reported in 50% of parents whereas depression scores were normal. The experience of fetal diagnosis and infant death had a negative impact on the health of 40% of participants however, parents could not identify what specifically caused their health problems. Most were satisfied with their PPC but some shared that original providers were not supportive of pregnancy continuation. After the baby's death, 71% reported closer/stronger couple relationships. Two contrasting cases are presented. Once parents found PPC, their baby was treated as a person, they spent time with their baby after birth, and found ways to make meaning through continuing bonds. Conclusion Despite high overall satisfaction with PPC, bereaved parents were deeply impacted by their infant's death. Mixed methods case study design illuminated the complicated journeys of parents continuing their pregnancy with a LLFC.
Multiple-time-point FDG-PET imaging as a clinically feasible dynamic imaging method

1310 Learning Objectives To address how multiple-time-point FDG-PET imaging can improve diagnosis and prognosis, and demonstrate its potential applications in clinical practice. Multi-time-point FDG-PET provides a more robust understanding of tumor biology compared to single time-point imaging at 1 hour following the administration of this agent. Various tissues have unique metabolic FDG uptake time course. The net intake of FDG into tissue, based on the two compartment model, fluctuates with time due to the dynamic kinetics of FDG transport. As a result, the peak FDG uptake occurs at different time points for different tissues and disorders. The measurement of SUV at multiple time points can provide novel quantitative data regarding tumor biology. Models of FDG kinetics also provide accurate predictions of the effects of treatment response and have been shown to correlate strongly with patient outcome. This approach may be employed to enhance the accuracy of pretreatment risk stratification and be integrated into prognostic scores for individualized treatment tailoring. In this exhibition, we will explain the following topics to demonstrate the scientific basis and clinical significance of multiple-time-point FDG-PET imaging: 1- Quantification of PET imaging a. Standard Uptake Value (SUV) b. Metabolic Rate of FDG (MRFDG) c. Dynamic PET studies 2- FDG Kinetics a. Two-compartment model b. Significance of k-values c. Variation of time of maximum FDG uptake based on tissue type 3- Clinical significance a. Identification of specific tumor affected tissues b. Prediction of treatment outcomes c. Discuss the importance of glucose-6-phosphatase d. Compare and contrast the characteristics of cancer, inflammation, and normal tissues
Highlights of the special scientific sessions of the 46th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Skeletal Society (ISS) 2019, Vancouver, Canada

This paper summarizes the highlights of the Scientific Sessions of the 46th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Skeletal Society (ISS) which was hosted in Vancouver, Canada, in September 2019.
MicroRNA Clustering Assists Processing of Suboptimal MicroRNA Hairpins through the Action of the ERH Protein.

Summary Microprocessor initiates the processing of microRNAs (miRNAs) from the hairpin regions of primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs). Pri-miRNAs often contain multiple miRNA hairpins, and this clustered arrangement can assist in the processing of otherwise defective hairpins. We find that miR-451, which derives from a hairpin with a suboptimal terminal loop and a suboptimal stem length, accumulates to 40-fold higher levels when clustered with a helper hairpin. This phenomenon tolerates changes in hairpin order, linker lengths, and the identities of the helper hairpin, the recipient hairpin, the linker-sequence, and the RNA polymerase that transcribes the hairpins. It can act reciprocally and need not occur co-transcriptionally. It requires Microprocessor recognition of the helper hairpin and linkage of the two hairpins, yet predominantly manifests after helper-hairpin processing. It also requires enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH), which copurifies with Microprocessor and can dimerize and interact with other proteins that can dimerize, suggesting a model in which one Microprocessor recruits another Microprocessor.
Engineered Pseudomonas putida simultaneously catabolizes five major components of corn stover lignocellulose: Glucose, xylose, arabinose, p-coumaric acid, and acetic acid

Abstract Valorization of all major lignocellulose components, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose is critical for an economically viable bioeconomy. In most biochemical conversion approaches, the standard process separately upgrades sugar hydrolysates and lignin. Here, we present a new process concept based on an engineered microbe that could enable simultaneous upgrading of all lignocellulose streams, which has the ultimate potential to reduce capital cost and enable new metabolic engineering strategies. Pseudomonas putida is a robust microorganism capable of natively catabolizing aromatics, organic acids, and D-glucose. We engineered this strain to utilize D-xylose by tuning expression of a heterologous D-xylose transporter, catabolic genes xylAB, and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) genes tal-tkt. We further engineered L-arabinose utilization via the PPP or an oxidative pathway. This resulted in a growth rate on xylose and arabinose of 0.32 h−1 and 0.38 h−1, respectively. Using the oxidative L-arabinose pathway with the PPP xylose pathway enabled D-glucose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose co-utilization in minimal medium using model compounds as well as real corn stover hydrolysate, with a maximum hydrolysate sugar consumption rate of 3.3 g/L/h. After modifying catabolite repression, our engineered P. putida simultaneously co-utilized five representative compounds from cellulose (D-glucose), hemicellulose (D-xylose, L-arabinose, and acetic acid), and lignin-related compounds (p-coumarate), demonstrating the feasibility of simultaneously upgrading total lignocellulosic biomass to value-added chemicals.
Large-area nanometer-thin β-Ga2O3 films synthesized via oxide printing of liquid metal gallium

Exfoliated gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has been reported as an ultrathin channel material in field-effect transistors. Unlike in 2D materials with van der Waals forces between stacked layers, weak bonding in β-Ga2O3 along the (100) direction enables mechanical exfoliation. The thickness of these exfoliated films has been limited to tens to hundreds of nanometers. Here we summarize our latest work, which followed the process developed by Carey et al., enabling us to attain ~2 nm thick Ga2O3 films over a large surface area (< 1 mm2). The films are characterized using optical microscopy, AFM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and TEM. Optical microscope images showed color changes to the film upon annealing. AFM revealed the film thickness to be as thin as 2 nm over areas << 1 mm2. XPS and Raman spectra revealed characteristic signatures of β-phase Ga2O3. Characteristic PL of Ga2O3 was seen in all samples with overall intensity of luminescence increasing after annealing, attributed to increased crystallinity and grain size. Changes in PL after annealing are associated with an increase in oxygen interstitials and a decrease in oxygen vacancies. Lastly, TEM analysis revealed the film as β-phase Ga2O3 polycrystalline. Overall, our results demonstrate that annealing of thin films obtained from oxide printing of liquid metal Ga is a non-expensive and straightforward process that can lead to β-Ga2O3 films that are nanometer-thin over wafer-scale areas.
Diagnostic and Management Dilemmas in Women Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndromes

To summarize gender- and sex-specific differences in the presentation, diagnosis, management, and pathophysiology of women presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Sex differences exist in many aspects of ACS that impact the identification, treatment, and outcomes in women. There are delays in the initiation of care, under recognized diagnostic differences based on sex, and inconsistencies in the management of ACS in women compared with men, that ultimately impact outcomes. Additionally, women with ACS are more likely than men to present with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), which appears to be due to diverse underlying pathophysiology. Women with ACS face diagnostic and treatment dilemmas from time of symptom onset to hospital discharge. Under-recognition, under-diagnosis, and under-treatment ultimately result in poorer outcomes in women. Underlying pathophysiologic differences in women require additional testing to elucidate underlying etiologies.
Distinct saccade planning and endogenous visuospatial attention maps in parietal cortex: A basis for functional differences in sensory and motor attention.

Abstract Parietal cortex activity contributes to higher-level cognitive processes, including endogenous visual attention and saccade planning. While visual attention is the process of selecting pertinent information from the environment, saccade planning may involve motor attention in the planning of a specific movement, including the process of selecting the correct path. We isolated areas in parietal cortex involved in saccade planning, while controlling visual attention, to understand the relationship between the two processes. Using our novel stimulus, participants performed a delayed saccade task and an endogenous covert visuospatial attention task with peripheral targets in identical locations. We compared multiple target locations across the two domains at the level of the individual to better understand variability in the relationship between these two maps. The anterior-posterior organization of saccade planning and visual attention maps varied among, but not within, participants, and 14 – 29% of the maps for each task overlapped one another across hemispheres. Interestingly, within the region of co-activation, over 67% of the voxels responded to the same location for both tasks. These cortical areas of overlap may represent regions of the brain specifically involved in the transfer of information from vision to action along the visuomotor pathway. These results further establish the relationship between maps associated with saccade planning and visual attention at the individual level, indicating the lack of a single saliency map in parietal cortex.
The effect of laboratory and real world gait training with vibration feedback on center of pressure during gait in people with chronic ankle instability.

Abstract Background External feedback has can medially shift the center of pressure (COP) location in people with chronic ankle instability(CAI) during walking. However, previous modalities are restricted to controlled environments which limits motor learning. Vibration feedback during gait may maximize motor learning by allowing for training in the laboratory and real world (RW) but has not been investigated in those with CAI. Research question Does vibration feedback change COP location in people with CAI following laboratory and RW training? Methods Nineteen CAI participants walked for 10 min on a treadmill (lab training) and a one mile loop on a sidewalk (RW training) with vibration feedback. When pressure under the 5th metatarsal exceeded a threshold, a vibration stimulus was applied to the lateral malleolus encouraging the participant to medially shift the COP. One minute baseline, posttest, and short term retention gait assessments were taken for each environment. The stance phase of gait was divided into 10 subphases and data were averaged within each subphase. Repeated measures ANOVAs were completed for each subphase to compare COP location over time. Results After lab based training the COP was more medial at posttest for the first 90 % of stance versus baseline (Mean differences (MD): −0.57 to −5.12 mm, p Significance Vibration feedback during laboratory and RW gait training has the ability to immediately shift the COP location medially and retain this shift for a short period in individuals with CAI.
A Quantum Many-Body Density Matrix Model for Sub-Femtosecond Transport in Mesoscopic Structures

Transient regime relaxation in nanostructures is governed by the two-way information exchange between the active region and the contacts. In this paper, we introduce a second order quantum master equation for the active region’s many-body reduced density matrix, which includes the information exchange between the active region and the contacts, while eliminating the contacts explicitly from the simulation. For the case of a resonant-tunneling diode, the master equation is solved numerically. Proper injection from/into the contacts is obtained, and natural oscillations of the current and the number of particles in the well are observed, with a frequency in the mid-terahertz regime.
Algorithms for Track-Keeping Problem. Experiments Performed on Material Tanker Model

Two autopilots for track-keeping of the ship along the defined trajectory are described in the article: a linear quadratic output feedback controller and a cascaded robust controller. Both are using the rudder as the only control-actuator. The paper presents mathematical foundations of the problem, filtering techniques, and results of the simulations performed on a material ship model on the Silm Lake.
Parametric Transducers and Quantum Nondemolition in Bar Detectors

We describe a RF parametric transducer which is being developed for gravitational radiation bar antennae. With this transducer it is possible to measure a quantum nondemolition observable and thus potentially exceed the “quantum limit” for bar detectors. A more immediate benefit of this type of transducer to the development of gravitational wave antennae is the reduction of the requirements on the electrical Q and the pump phase noise. We summarize our progress and plans for the further development of this transducer.
A visual modeling language for RDIS and ROS nodes using AToM 3

In robotics we are often faced with the problem of repeatedly writing robot drivers for the same devices, but different robot frameworks. In an effort to counter this, a domain specific language for generating robot drivers was developed. However, descriptions tend to get verbose fast and the adopted syntax was difficult for programmers. This paper outlines an attempt to shift away from a textual syntax and toward a visual syntax, instead relying on the textual syntax to communicate the model to other tools. In addition, a formalism for defining ROS nodes is presented and a model transformation for mapping RDIS messages to ROS messages and vice-versa is created.
Values of Silent Commerce: A Study Using Value-Focused Thinking Approach

Silent commerce is a special type of u-commerce that uses RFID and sensor technologies to make objects intelligent and interactive. The unique features available in silent commerce will provide benefits and added values to users. This study aims to uncover the values of silent commerce from the customers’ perspectives and understand what customers desire and expect from silent commerce. The scenario-based method was adopted to provide subjects with the necessary background information and knowledge about the emerging silent commerce phenomenon. The Value-Focused Thinking approach, which provides a systematic way to articulate and organize values, was used to identify the values of silent commerce to users. The result of this study is a means-ends objective network that depicts the fundamental objectives of using silent commerce and how the fundamental objectives can be achieved through means objectives. The findings can serve as a conceptual foundation for future research in the u-commerce area and provide useful guidelines to practitioners in developing and implementing silent commerce applications.