cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A model predictive control strategy for supply chain optimization

Abstract This paper describes a model predictive control strategy to find the optimal decision variables to maximize profit in supply chains with multiproduct, multiechelon distribution networks with multiproduct batch plants. The key features of this paper are: (1) a discrete time MILP dynamic model that considers the flow of material and information within the system; (2) a general dynamic optimization framework that simultaneously considers all the elements of the supply chain and their interactions; and (3), a rolling horizon approach to update the decision variables whenever changes affecting the supply chain arise. The paper compares the behavior of a supply chain under centralized and decentralized management approaches, and shows that the former yields better results, with profit increases of up to 15% as shown in an example problem.
The chemistry and physiology of the pectins

It has been attempted to show that the pectic substances as a group are of interest from the most varied points of view, and that all these points of view have contributed to our present knowledge. The structure and the colloidal behavior of the pectic substances are of interest to the chemist. In industry pectins are met with, either as filtering problems or as essential components of industrial products. But the pectins are, after all, plant products of the greatest interest to the botanist and to the physiologist who study their manifold functions in the plant, and the relation of chemical structure to these functions. From what has been said in the foregoing pages it is apparent, however, that for a complete understanding of pectic substances, much remains to be done, by both chemist and botanist.
Advances in management of premature ventricular contractions

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are a common occurrence in clinical practice. The clinical presentation may range from asymptomatic to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction with congestive heart failure. The decision to suppress PVCs is largely based on the presence of symptoms, interference with other therapy (e.g., cardiac resynchronization therapy), or suspicion of PVC-mediated cardiomyopathy. Catheter ablation has emerged as a safe and effective option for the treatment of frequent PVCs. Careful attention to PVC characteristics on surface electrocardiogram has proven useful for the initial localization of the ectopic focus, which may then serve as a guide to procedural planning. The point of interest is often identified with activation mapping, and the ablation site can be further defined with pace mapping techniques. Clinical experience with PVC ablation has been successful in ≥80 % of cases, and the literature reports multiple cases of marked improvement in LV function after eradicating the culprit ectopic focus in patients with PVC-mediated cardiomyopathy.
Further emissions cuts needed for speedier acid rain recovery

Some people may have thought that the problem of acid deposition, commonly referred to as acid rain, had been solved in the United States with the passage of the Acid Deposition Control Program under Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). Although that legislation has helped to dramatically limit emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide—gases that can react in the atmosphere and form acidic compounds, including fine particles of sulfates and nitrates— much steeper cuts are needed for a quicker recovery from acid rain in the north-eastern United States, according to a new scientific appraisal of the effectiveness of measures called for in that law. The appraisal was issued on March 26 and is entitled “Acidic Deposition in the Northeastern United States: Sources and Inputs, Ecosystem Effects, and Management Strategies.”
Estimated contribution of coronary artery bypass graft surgery to the decline in coronary heart disease mortality: The Minnesota heart survey

Abstract Objectives . This study assessed the possible contribution of coronary artery bypass graft surgery to the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area population between 1970 and 1984. Background . Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a major contemporary therapeutic approach for coronary heart disease. Its use has increased over the past two decades because it provides relief of symptoms and, in certain circumstances, prolongs life. During the period that age-adjusted coronary heart disease mortality has decreased, the use of coronary artery bypass graft surgery has increased dramatically, suggesting a relation. Methods . All 30- to 74-year old Minneapolis-St. Paul area residents undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery between 1970 and 1984 (9,548 patients) were registered; their medical records were abstracted; and their survival was ascertained. These data were used in a medical survival probability model using a multivariate analytical approach developed from registries of patients treated medically. The model assumed that coronary artery bypass graft surgery was not available. Two annual mortality rates were compared: the observed Minneapolis-St. Paul annual coronary heart disease mortality rate and the modeled annual coronary heart disease mortality rate. The difference between these rates was the estimated contribution of coronary artery bypass graft surgery to the decline in coronary heart disease mortality rates. Results . Between 1970 and 1984, the estimated surgical contribution increased from 0.2% (increased mortality) to + 6.6% of the annual decrease in Minneapolis-St. Paul coronary heart disease mortality. Conclusions . Between 1970 and 1984. the contribution of coronary artery bypass graft surgery to the decline in coronary heart disease mortality, although small, gradually increased. This change appeared to be related to an increased frequency of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, improved operative mortality and changes in the clinical mix of surgical patients.
Involvement of sulfhydryl groups in the binding of tRNA to reticulocyte ribosomes.

Abstract The ability of purified reticulocyte ribosomes to bind phenylalanyl-RNA under the direction of polyuridylic acid is inhibited by a number of reagents reactive toward sulfhydryl groups; vicinal dithiols do not seem to be involved. This inhibition occurs in enzymic as well as non-enzymic binding and is also observed in the analogous lysyl-RNA polyadenylic acid system. N -Ethylmaleimide does not inactivate the bindin genzyme, nor does it react with ribosomal RNA. Instead, the site of inhibition is the ribosomal protein fraction. Also, sulfhydryl reagents do not seem to impair the ability of ribosomes to bind polyuridylic acid.
Linked lives, dependent demise? Survival analysis of husbands and wives.

Past research has found that married individuals have substantially lower risks of mortality than their single counterparts. This paper examines how household characteristics affect spouses’ risks of mortality. A paired hazard rate model is estimated and tests are made to ascertain whether the estimated coefficients associated with risk factors differ between husbands’ and wives’ equations. Cigarette smoking, risk-avoidance behavior, poverty, and children are found to affect wives’ and husbands’ mortality in similar ways. Divorce, which can be interpreted as the termination of this shared household environment, is found to affect spouses differently.
A DISTRIBUTED PROBLEM-SOLVING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COMPUTER NETWORK MANAGEMENT

A distributed computer network management system consisting of cooperating autonomous computing agents allows network management to be more responsive due to information gathering and network recovery activities being performed in parallel. However, to perform these tasks, the network of agents requires a stable organizational infrastructure. In addition, to meet the needs of human network administrators, the distributed system must allow ultimate authority to be centralized at a single location. Distributed Big Brother (DBB) represents a pragmatic blending of diverse technologies from the field of distributed AI, such as contract formation, organizational structuring, election for role assignment, and hierarchical control. The result is an infrastructure for a network management system in which separate agents reconfigure themselves when hardware and software failures occur in order to assure the authority structure demanded by network operators. Our efforts illustrate how integrating existing distributed AI technologies can meet realistic needs, and highlight open problems that require the development of new technologies.
The peacekeeping mission: Bringing stability to a chaotic scene

This article examines the military intervention called the peacekeeping mission. This article argues that this particular intervention is qualitatively different than war and crisis rhetoric. A tentative model of the rhetoric of peacekeeping that involves 2 elements is proffered. First, it is found that peacekeeping mission rhetors emphasize a chaotic scene that drives American action. Second, and perhaps most important, American intervention is characterized as facilitating security to allow larger political, economic, and cultural stability to take hold within a particular state. Further, peacekeeping mission rhetors highlight the constraints of the intervention to make it more palpable to the American public. Exploring peacekeeping mission rhetoric has implications related to presidential justifications for the use of military force and U.S. foreign policy in general.
Property Taxes and Tax Revolts: The Legacy of Proposition 13

Property tax revolts have occurred both in the United States and elsewhere. This book examines the causes and consequences of such revolts with a special focus on the California experience with Proposition 13. The work examines the consequences of property tax limitations for public finance with a detailed analysis of the tax system put into place in California. Theoretical approaches and evidence from a comprehensive empirical study are used to highlight the equity and efficiency of property tax systems. Since property taxes are the primary source of revenue for local governments, the book compares and contrasts the experiences of several states with regard to the evolution of local government following property tax limitations. Finally, the book considers alternatives for reform and lessons to avoid future tax conflicts of this kind.
American Foreign Policy and Presidential Power: The Neutrality Act of 1935

F ROm THEODORE ROOSEVELT to Lyndon Johnson, the office of the presidency has grown in power and prestige, and this growth has been greatest and most consistent since the Great Depression initiated that succession of crises, foreign and domestic, upon which executive power flourishes. This development was foreseen by Woodrow Wilson at its inception. Reflecting on the emergence of the United States as a great power, he wrote:
Shifts of T4/T8 T Lymphocytes from BAL Fluid and Peripheral Blood by Clinical Grade in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objectives We investigated the shifts of T4/T8 lymphocytes from BAL fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood by the clinical grade of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which is determined by factors such as extent of pulmonary involvement, fever, and loss of body weight. Materials and methods In order to explore these questions, BALF was collected from 45 patients presenting with active pulmonary TB and 14 healthy control subjects. The percentages for T-lymphocyte subpopulations, including CD4 + , CD8 + , and CD3 + T cells, were measured using two-color flow cytometry. Results A higher percentage of CD3 + CD4 + T lymphocytes, with a relatively lower percentage of CD3 + CD8 + T lymphocytes, was revealed for the patients with a higher grade of pulmonary TB, compared to patients with a lower grade of pulmonary TB, resulting in an increased BALF C4 + /CD8 + ratio. By contrast, a higher percentage of CD3 + CD8 + T lymphocytes with a relatively low percentage of CD3 + CD4 + T lymphocytes was demonstrated for these patients with a higher grade of pulmonary TB, resulting in a decreased peripheral blood CD4 + /CD8 + ratio. Conclusions Our findings suggest that compartmentalization of the CD4 + T lymphocytes in the infected lungs may occur for patients with higher grades of pulmonary TB.
Involution of the female Mullerian duct of the fetal rat in the organ-culture assay for the detection of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance.

The study of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) has been made possible because of the organ-culture bioassay devised by Picon ('69) for detecting MIS in vitro. We have studied the degeneration of the female Mullerian duct of the rat fetus, the target tissue of the assay, with electron microscopy. We have observed that the involution of the female Mullerian duct in the organ-culture assay follows a pattern of degeneration similar to the normal involution of the male Mullerian duct under the influence of MIS from the fetal testis (Price et al., '77). This involution involves alterations in the duct epithelium subsequent to a response of the mesenchyme surrounding the duct. The degeneration of a specific organ system under the direct influence of a specific factor, Mullerian Inhibiting Substance, represents an example of "programmed cell death."
Symmetry as Conceptual Metaphor in Walker's The Color Purple

The author analyzes three types of the conceptual metaphor of embodied symmetry in Alice Walker's novel, The color purple (1982). These metaphorical projections, perceived as equilibriuiii and its breakage in abstract plienomena, enable readers to reexamine issues of race, non-traditional families, and gender roles. The dis/equilibrium emerges in the novel's epistolary structure. Biological equilibrium breaks in incidents of rape and incest. Walker creates characters in the novel through default-concept opposites of blackiwhite, submissive/dominant, malelfemale and others. These contraries foreground issues of race and gender. The novel's asymmetries engage readers, leading them to rethink individual character histories and motives. The removal of objects (e.g., rape, mothers deprived of children) suggests conceptual asymmetry and alerts readers to parallel themes of sexual and racial oppression. Subjugation sometimes subtle, sometimes blatant- manifests in simple oppositions. In epistemological terms, readers seek causal explanations for the asymmetries of the narrative, interpreting each to recover its history.
A low power CMOS sigma-delta readout circuit for heterogeneously integrated chemoresistive micro-/nano- sensor arrays

A low-power read-out circuit design for a heterogeneously integrated chemoresistive micro-/nano-sensor arrays is presented. The circuit is based on a sigma delta modulation architecture, to reduce power consumption and to allow for a wider range of resistance measurements. The design and layout of the circuit, in 180nm CMOS is presented, along with measurement results from the prototype IC. The chip successfully reads out resistances ranging from 20kOmega to 600 kOmega with a measured power consumption of 3 mW. The die area occupied by the readout circuit is 180 um times 300 um.
What Is the Source of the Stratospheric Gravity Wave Belt in Austral Winter

AbstractDuring austral winter, and away from orographic maxima or “hot spots,” stratospheric gravity waves in both satellite observations and Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data reveal enhanced amplitudes in a broad midlatitude belt extending across the Southern Ocean from east of the Andes to south of New Zealand. The peak latitude of this feature slowly migrates poleward from 50° to 60°S. Wave amplitudes are much weaker across the midlatitude Pacific Ocean. These features of the wave field are in striking agreement with diagnostics of baroclinic growth rates in the troposphere associated with midlatitude winter storm tracks and the climatology of the midlatitude jet. This correlation suggests that these features of the stratospheric gravity wave field are controlled by geographical variations of tropospheric nonorographic gravity wave sources in winter storm tracks: spontaneous adjustment emission from the midlatitude winter jet, frontogenesi...
Effects of early albuterol (salbutamol) administration on the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms

The present study examined whether the use of albuterol within hours of a motor vehicle accident (MVA) impacted subsequent posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Participants receiving albuterol had less severe overall PTSS and hyperarousal symptoms at 6 weeks and less severe reexperiencing symptoms at 1 year post-MVA than those who did not receive albuterol.
Measurements of small signal absorption at high temperature for the 001-100 band of CO2

In the experiments an absorption cell was irradiated by a polarized CW CO2-N2-He laser. By changing the length of the laser cavity, it was possible to obtain stable oscillations on the five lines P12 through P20 in the 10.4-micron band. The power output was slightly under 10 W. Intensity measurements of the incident and the transmitted beam were conducted when the cell was filled with a nonabsorbing calibrating gas (nitrogen) and with the test gas (carbon dioxide). Data for the absorption coefficient in the temperature range from 300 K to about 600 K are presented in graphs.
Pattern selection for finite-amplitude convection states in boxes of porous media

Suivant la configuration initiale on peut obtenir une convection a 2 ou 3 dimensions. Par une technique analytique de developpement de fonctions propres et une etude de la dynamique dans l'espace des phases des perturbations d'amplitude finie on obtient: 1) les regions de l'espace des conditions initiales conduisant a un ou l'autre de ces etats competitifs (convection a 2 ou 3 dimensions); 2) la probabilite de realisation d'un certain regime de convection; 3) la forme explicite de la chaleur transferree par les formes de convection suivant le rapport d'aspect. On considere des boites cubiques ou quasi cubiques
Hormesis and Adaptive Cellular Control Systems

Hormetic dose response occurs for many endpoints associated with exposures of biological organisms to environmental stressors. Cell-based U- or inverted U-shaped responses may derive from common processes involved in activation of adaptive responses required to protect cells from stressful environments. These adaptive pathways extend the region of cellular homeostasis and are protective against ultimate cell, organ, and system toxicity. However, the activation of stress responses carries a significant energetic cost to the cell, leading to alterations of a variety of basal cellular functions in adapted or stressed cells. This tradeoff of resources between the unstressed and adapted states may lead to U-or inverted U-shaped dose response curves for some precursor endpoints. We examine this general hypothesis with chlorine, a prototype oxidative stressor, using a combination of cellular studies with gene expression analysis of response pathways and with computational modeling of activation of control networks. Discrete cellular states are expected as a function of exposure concentration and duration. These cellular states include normal functioning state, adaptive and stressed states at mild to intermediate exposures, and overt toxicity in the presence of an overwhelming concentration of stressors. These transitions can be used to refine default risk assessment practices that do not currently accommodate adaptive responses.
From plan to practice: Implementing watershed-based strategies into local, state, and federal policy

Planners are becoming increasingly interested in watershed-based plans as a way to more accurately reflect the natural landscape processes that cross the borders of political jurisdictions. Although developing plans that cross political boundaries is a relatively simple matter, establishing the transboundary authority necessary to implement such plans is often a much different matter. We investigated the regulatory mechanisms under which a watershed-based storm-water management plan could be implemented in the Big Darby Creek, Ohio, USA, a national scenic river currently facing critical threats from nonpoint sediment- and pollutant-loaded storm-water runoff in the rapidly urbanizing portions of the watershed. The watershed encompasses portions of 7 counties, 11 incorporated areas, and 26 townships, each of which has some authority over land use and storm water. The transboundary options explored include creation of a storm-water utility, creating a conservancy district, or an independent approach requiring all jurisdictions in the watershed to simultaneously adopt a series of storm-water ordinances. We evaluated these options on a number of characteristics, including their relative ability to control runoff quality and quantity, the locus of political control and enforcement authority under each, funding considerations, and the likelihood of acceptance given the region's existing political realities. Although a central authority such as a conservancy district or storm-water management district would likely be most effective in protecting water quality, the long tradition of local controls on land use makes this politically infeasible. Thus, we argue that a watershed-based protection plan for the Darby region will require the simultaneous independent approach. The case study of the Big Darby suggests that the successful implementation of watershed-based plans may be more dependent on the plan's political savvy than its technical superiority.
Energy-based transmission strategy selection for wireless sensor networks

Energy efficiency is one of the most critical concerns for wireless sensor networks. While cooperative transmission strategies have the potential to significantly improve the system performance, they also incur additional energy cost and system overhead. In this paper, energy efficiency of relevant transmission strategies is studied both for wideband asymptotes and realistic system settings. Based on this analysis, general guidelines are presented for optimal transmission strategy selection in some typical scenarios, aiming at minimum energy consumption with a target BER. The proposed selection rules, especially those based on system-level metrics, are easy to implement for sensor applications. The framework provided here may also be readily extended to other scenarios or applications
Childhood abuse affects emotional closeness with family in mid- and later life

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge about the effects of early life adversity on kin relationships in later years is sparse. The purpose of this study was to examine if childhood abuse and adversity negatively influences emotional closeness with family in mid- and later life. A second goal was to determine the role of psychosocial resources and personality traits in buffering the effects of early adversities. Gender and cohort differences were explored to see if men were differentially affected than women and whether middle-aged adults (35-49 years old) were differentially affected than older adults (50-74 years old) by the effects of childhood abuse and adversity. METHODS: Using retrospective accounts of early family abuse and adversities of 1,266 middle aged adults and 1,219 older adults from a large population-based survey, the National Survey of Midlife Development in United States (MIDUS), separate multiple regression analyses were conducted for the two cohorts to examine the effects of childhood emotional and physical abuse and family adversities on perceived emotional closeness with family. Interaction effects between childhood abuse and adversity (e.g., being expelled from school, death of sibling, parental divorce, losing a home to a natural disaster) with psychosocial resources (perceived control and self acceptance), personality characteristics (extraversion and neuroticism), and gender were examined. RESULTS: Results of OLS regressions suggest emotional and physical abuse predicted family closeness in middle-aged adults. Conversely, only emotional abuse predicted family closeness in older adults. Moderation models revealed that high levels of self acceptance were associated with better maintenance of emotional closeness among middle-aged adults who were emotionally and physically abused as children. Older adults with lower extraversion who experienced emotional abuse or reported greater number of adversities in childhood were found to be at higher risk for lower emotional closeness with family. Early life adversities were more detrimental for women. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the aftermath of childhood abuse does not dissipate with time, but continues to influence family relationships in mid- and later life. Identifying the links between childhood adversities and adult relationships can help identify strategic points for intervention to reduce the long-term effects of accumulated adverse experiences over the life course. Language: en
TWO MILLENNIA OF EL NIÑO EVENTS POTENTIALLY ARCHIVED IN SCLEROSPONGES

Sclerosponges have great potential as temperature (T) recorders; they precipitate carbon and oxygen isotopes in apparent equilibrium with seawater. These animals lack photosynthetic symbionts, which simplifies interpretation of their isotopic record. It also allows them to live in subphotic depths, recording T below the thermocline and as deep as the carbonate compensation depth. The coralline sponge Acanthocaetetes wellsi is widespread in caves in the western Tropical Pacific. The West Pacific warm pool accumulates here before moving eastward to the Americas during El Nino events. A. wellsi has distinct growth bands averaging ∼1 mm/yr. Skeletal ∂13C and ∂18O show millimeter-scale cyclicity, apparently due to annual T variation, and large amplitude swings that occur every four to seven cycles, likely indicating El Nino events. Because individual sponges live for several centuries, they can provide high-resolution records of pre- and post-industrial El Ninos. Additionally, the caves contain both live and dead A. wellsi. Cross-correlation of successively older specimens should yield a 1000–2000-year record. The area, depth, and T distribution of prior warm pools will be defined. The velocity of their eastward movement may be determinable from East Pacific A. wellsi and American Mytilus. From these data, estimates of heat transfer rates can be derived, allowing determination of past El Nino intensities. By correlating past intensities with known impacts, refined prediction of El Nino effects will be possible.
Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health

Over the last ten years the basic knowledge of brain structure and function has vastly ex- panded, and its incorporation into the developmental sciences is now allowing for more complex and heuristic models of human infancy. In a continuation of this effort, in this two-part work I integrate current interdisciplinary data from attachment studies on dyadic affective communications, neuroscience on the early developing right brain, psychophysiology on stress systems, and psychiatry on psychopath- ogenesis to provide a deeper understanding of the psychoneurobiological mechanisms that underlie infant mental health. In this article I detail the neurobiology of a secure attachment, an exemplar of adaptive infant mental health, and focus upon the primary caregiver's psychobiological regulation of the infant's maturing limbic system, the brain areas specialized for adapting to a rapidly changing environment. The infant's early developing right hemisphere has deep connections into the limbic and autonomic nervous systems and is dominant for the human stress response, and in this manner the attachment relationship facilitates the expansion of the child's coping capcities. This model suggests that adaptive infant mental health can be fundamentally defined as the earliest expression of flexible strategies for coping with the novelty and stress that is inherent in human interactions. This efficient right brain function is a resilience factor for optimal development over the later stages of the life cycle.
Market Efficiency in Real-Time

The Morning Call and Midday Call segments on CNBC TV provide a unique opportunity to shed light on the efficient market hypothesis. The segments report analysts' views about individual stocks and are broadcast when the market is open. We find that prices respond to the reports within seconds of the initial mention, with positive reports fully incorporated within one minute. The impact of negative reports is gradual, lasting 15 minutes. We find compelling evidence that viewers trade based on the information in the segments. Trading intensity doubles in the minute after the stock is mentioned on air, with a significant increase in buyer- (seller-) initiated trades after positive (negative) reports. Traders who lock in prices within 15 seconds of the initial mention make small but significant profits by trading on positive reports during the Midday Call. Our results highlight the role that active traders play in ensuring that prices quickly reflect new information.
Work Integration, Marital Satisfaction, and Conjugal Power

Information was gathered on several aspects of the work integration of a sample of husbands and on the marital satisfaction and power relations of the husbands and their wives. These data were separately factor analyzed, producing three factors of work integration: Job Satisfaction, Power Relations, and Mobility Aspirations; and two factors of marital integration: Marital Satisfaction and Conjugal Power. The items loading these factors were intercorrelated with the following results: items dealing with the intrinsic satisfactions of work, such as meaningfulness of work, liking for it, control over pace of work, correlated significantly with items indicating satisfaction of both husband and wife; items indicating extrinsic satisfactions of work, such as income, recognition, and job prestige, were not related to items of marital satisfaction. Additionally, there was little relationship between work integration and conjugal power. Finally, mobility aspirations appeared to be determined by wife's dominance an...
Using Riddles to Introduce the Process and Experience of Scientific Thinking.

Science has been described as puzzle solving. This article describes an exercise that uses riddles to expose students to important aspects of the process and experience of scientific thinking.
Numerical determination and treatment of convective heat transfer coefficient in the coupled building energy and CFD simulation

The integration ofbuilding energy simulation (ES) and computational /uid dynamics (CFD) programs eliminates many assumptions employed in the separate applications, resulting in more accurate predictions ofbuilding perf ormance. This paper discusses the methods used to determine convective heat transfer on interior surfaces of building envelope, which is the key linkage between ES with CFD programs. The study found that the size of the 2rst grid near a wall in CFD is crucial for the correct prediction of the convective heat. A 2ner grid resolution in CFD does not always lead to a more accurate solution when using zero-equation turbulence models. Through numerical experiments, the paper suggests a universal 2rst grid size at 0:005 m for natural convection room air/ows and 0 :1 m for forced convection indoor air/ows. The investigation also found that negative convective heat transfer coe"cients may cause divergence and instability ofthe coupled simulation. ? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Salicylic Acid: A Natural Inducer of Heat Production in Arum Lilies

For more than 50 years the identity of "calorigen," the agent that triggers pronounced heat production in the flowers and inflorescences of some thermogenic plants, remained obscure. Mass spectroscopic analysis of highly purified calorigen extracted from the male flowers of Sauromatum guttatum Schott (voodoo lily) revealed the presence of 2-hydroxybenzoic (salicylic) acid. Application of salicylic acid at 0.13 microgram per gram (fresh weight) to sections of the upper part of the plant's immature spadix, known as the appendix, led to temperature increases of as much as 12 Celsius degrees. These increases duplicated, in both magnitude and timing, the temperature increases produced by the crude calorigen extract. The sensitivity of appendix tissue to salicylic acid increases daily with the approach of anthesis and is controlled by the photoperiod. Thus, at least in some Arum lilies, salicylic acid functions as an endogenous regulator of heat production.
Exploring the Schizoid Defense of the Closet Through the Existential–Phenomenology of R. D. Laing

This article applies the existential–phenomenological analysis of schizoid persons in R. D. Laing’s The Divided Self to the phenomenology of closeted gay individuals, as described by various autoethnographies and memoirs about the lived experience of being in the closet. It explores how schizoid and closeted gay individuals employ similar defenses and suffer similar traumas as they attempt to survive within a persecutory social world. The purpose of this comparison is to help psychologists gain understanding of what being-in-the-world is like for members of a marginalized population who lack a world in which it is safe to really be. Psychologists are thereby invited to question mainstream assumptions about clinical diagnoses and to consider reframing individual psychopathology as social pathology, particularly among patients whose psychic distress may be symptomatic of the daily trauma of trying to conform to hostile sociocultural contexts that enforce oppressive social norms.
A Vascular Flora of the Eckerd College Palm Hammock Nature Area: A Dredge and Fill Site in Pinellas County, Florida

ABSTRACT A study of the vascular plants of the Palm Hammock Nature Area, a designated natural area on the west side of the Eckerd College campus in Pinellas County, Florida, was carried out between January 2012 and January 2013. The site is situated entirely on dredged fill soil, rendering it an intriguing site on which to study natural succession. This floristic inventory provides baseline data on the species composition at the site for use in future studies of the Palm Hammock and other forested dredge and fill sites. A total of 157 vascular species were collected from the 4.6 ha site, including 155 angiosperms. Of these, 99 species are native to North America, and 58 species are not native. Of the nonnative species, 20 are considered invasive. The most frequently represented families included Asteraceae (18), Fabaceae (18), Poaceae (14), and Cyperaceae (11). The Palm Hammock Nature Area, which comprises small patches of cabbage palm/oak hammock, cabbage palm stands, and grasslands similar to coastal s...
Government Historical Offices and Public Records

The formation of the Federal Resource Group of the National Coordinating Committee for the Promotion of History (NCC) has led to publication of the first extensive survey of government historical offices and their functions.1 It will come as no surprise to those who examine the results of this survey that over 70 percent of the historical offices reported that they write formal institutional history, or that over 50 percent also write annual reports for their agencies. What may surprise both historians and archivists is that 70 percent of the offices reported that they also evaluate current agency records and select them for preservation, while over 80 percent prepare and maintain chronologies and bibliographies. In other words, many government historical offices are deeply committed to preserving and providing access to the records of the federal government. This NCC survey of historical activities confirmed the information obtained in a different fashion through private interviews and public testimony by the National Study Commission on Records and Documents of Federal Officials (Public Documents Commission). Summarizing the information gained by this commission thus provides an excellent means of amplifying the results of the NCC survey while illustrating to both historians and archivists the important inter-relationship between the writing of institutional history, the keeping of records, and the accessibility of those records to scholars. The following discussion will include only those offices concerned with records and documents. Many other historical offices such as, for one example, the office in the National Park Service, are important to their agencies and the public; but their concerns lie outside the scope of this study.2
Early renal disease in BHE/cdb rats is less in rats fed beef tallow than in rats fed menhaden oil

AbstractThe effects of feeding a 1% corn oil-9% menhaden oil or beef tallow diet on the early phase of diabetic nephropathy in BHE/cdb rats was studied. The diet groups were subdivided into rats with or without impaired glucose tolerance. Those fed menhaden oil had renal hypertrophy, mild albuminuria, decreased creatinine clearance, increased urea clearance, and more severe lesion scores than rats fed beef tallow. No differences in glomerular filtration rate, Na+,K+-ATPase activity, sorbitol dehydrogenase, or inositol 1,4,5-phosphate were observed. Beef tallow-fed rats had higher serum triglyceride levels and renal cholesterol levels. Renal and hepatic fatty acid profiles reflected the fatty acid profile of the dietary fat. These results suggest that beef tallow conferred a protective effect on the renal tissues of these diabetes-prone rats.
Preliminary evidence for the use and efficacy of mobile health applications in managing posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms

Mobile health applications like PTSD Coach are emerging as tools to help individuals manage post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, these applications will not be effective if people do not use them. Using PTSD Coach as the focal application, we address two interrelated questions: (1) what are the primary determinants of PTSD Coach use? and (2) is PTSD Coach use related to changes in PTSD symptomatology? Building on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, we develop and test a research model that addresses these questions. Our results show that performance expectancy and social influence are positively related to PTSD Coach use; however, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions are not related to PTSD Coach use. We also found that PTSD Coach use is positively related to improvements in PTSD symptomatology. Our results provide preliminary evidence for the use and efficacy of mobile health applications in managing PTSD symptoms.
Mucocutaneous ulcer: a mimic of EBV + diffuse large B cell lymphoma in the immunodeficiency setting.

We read with interest the recent manuscript by McKelvie et al. [1] describing a methotrexate-related EBV + large B cell lymphoproliferation manifesting as chronic leg ulcers that the authors interp...
Correlation between a mutant APRT protein and altered DNA in CHO cells.

The frequency of mutation to 2,6-diaminopurine resistance occurs at a much higher than expected frequency for a diploid autosomal locus. Spontaneous 2,6-diaminopurine resistant mutants have been reported to occur at frequencies of 3 x 10−6 in CHO cells1 and as high as 1 x 10−3 in mouse L-cells2. Such mutants appeared to arise in a single step; all were defective in the enzyme APRT and resistant to high concentrations (20–40 µg/ml) of 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP).
Transforming Learning Anatomy: Basics of Ultrasound Lecture and Abdominal Ultrasound Anatomy Hands-on Session.

Abstract Introduction As point-of-care ultrasound units become more compact and portable, clinicians in over 20 different medical and surgical specialties have begun using the technology in diverse...
The fixed-target experiment at STAR

The RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES-I) program, which covers center-of-mass energies 7.7 GeV to 39 GeV, was proposed to look for the turn-off of signatures of the quark gluon plasma, search for a possible QCD critical point, and study the nature of the phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter. RHIC BES-I has shown that the partonic interactions are dominant at center-of-mass energies above 20 GeV. Several observables, including v1 of protons and Lambdas, v2 of all identified hadrons, and net-proton higher moments, show interesting behavior below 20 GeV and could suggest a transition to a hadron interaction dominated regime. Data from energies lower than 7 GeV could help determine whether these behaviors are indicative of phase transitions or criticality. The goal of the STAR Fixed-Target Program is to extend the collision energy range in BES II to lower energies than what is feasible at RHIC with colliding beams. First physics results from test runs of Au + Au fixed-target collisions will be presented. The results will be compared with published results from similar collision energies at the AGS. The implications for the fixed-target program after the completion of the inner TPC (iTPC) and endcap TOF (eTOF) detector upgrades will also be discussed.
Improving Learning Through Stealth Assessment of Conscientiousness

In this chapter, we describe the importance of assessing and developing conscientiousness in students and how we are approaching this challenge. After discussing the benefits conscientiousness has for learning, we describe the process we are using to create a valid stealth assessment of conscientiousness. We then discuss the current state of this work and suggest next steps and areas of future research around conscientiousness. Finally, we broaden our scope to discuss the strengths and limitations of using stealth assessment to measure noncognitive competencies, as well as give some recommendations to help others use this approach. Our hope is that this chapter will demonstrate both (a) the importance and complexity of conscientiousness measurement in educational settings, and (b) a general process for thinking about and designing assessments for noncognitive competencies.
Phytochemical Pharmacokinetics and Bioactivity of Oat and Barley Flour: A Randomized Crossover Trial

While dietary fiber plays an important role in the health benefits associated with whole grain consumption, other ingredients concentrated in the outer bran layer, including alkylresorcinols, lignans, phenolic acids, phytosterols, and tocols, may also contribute to these outcomes. To determine the acute bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the major phytochemicals found in barley and oats, we conducted a randomized, three-way crossover trial in 13 healthy subjects, aged 40–70 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 27–35.9 kg/m2. After a two-day run-in period following a diet low in phytochemicals, subjects were randomized to receive muffins made with either 48 g whole oat flour, whole barley flour, or refined wheat flour plus cellulose (control), with a one-week washout period between each intervention. At the same time, an oral glucose tolerance test was administered. In addition to plasma phytochemical concentrations, glucose and insulin responses, biomarkers of antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and vascular remodeling were determined over a 24-h period. There was no significant effect on acute bioavailability or pharmacokinetics of major phytochemicals. Administered concurrently with a glucose bolus, the source of whole grains did not attenuate the post-prandial response of markers of glucoregulation and insulin sensitivity, inflammation, nor vascular remodeling compared to the refined grain control. No significant differences were observed in the bioavailability or postprandial effects between whole-oat and whole-barley compared to a refined wheat control when administered with a glucose challenge. These null results may be due, in part, to the inclusion criteria for the subjects, dose of the whole grains, and concurrent acute administration of the whole grains with the glucose bolus.
Peripheral viral challenge elevates extracellular glutamate in the hippocampus leading to seizure hypersusceptibility.

Peripheral viral infections increase seizure propensity and intensity in susceptible individuals. We have modeled this comorbidity by demonstrating that the acute phase response (APR) instigated by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC), induces protracted hypersusceptibility to kainic-acid (KA)-induced seizures. We have further demonstrated that PIC challenge robustly increases the level of tonic extracellular glutamate and neuronal excitability in the hippocampus. The present study was undertaken to determine a relationship between tonic glutamate and seizure susceptibility following PIC challenge. Briefly, glutamate-sensing microelectrodes were permanently implanted into the CA1 of eight-week old female C57BL/6 mice. Following a three day recovery, APR was induced by i.p. injection of 12 mg/kg of PIC, while saline-injected mice served as controls. Tonic glutamate was measured at 1, 2, 3 and 4 days after PIC challenge. PIC challenge induced an approximately 4-fold increase in tonic glutamate levels measured after 24 h. The levels gradually declined to the baseline values within four days. 24 h after PIC challenge, the mice featured an approximately 3-fold increase in cumulative seizure scores and 2-fold increase in the duration of status epilepticus induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 12 mg/kg of KA. Seizure scores positively correlated with pre-seizure tonic glutamate. Moreover, seizures resulted in a profound (76%) elevation of extracellular glutamate in the CA1 of PIC-challenged but not saline-injected mice. Our results implicate the increase of extracellular glutamate as a mediator of seizure hypersusceptibility induced by peripheral viral challenge. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Episodic Ataxia Type 1 (K-channelopathy) Manifesting as Paroxysmal Nonkinesogenic Dyskinesia: Expanding the Phenotype.

Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that facilitate ionic flow according to their electrochemical gradients. They play a key role in generating membrane potential and function in diverse cellular activities, such as signal transduction, neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction, hormone secretion, volume regulation, growth, motility, and apoptosis. More than 400 ion channel genes have been identified (1). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Strain Rate Sensitivity of Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability Experiments for Metal Strength

Recently, Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities (RMI) have been used for studying strength at strain rates up to at least 107/s. RMI experiments involve shocking a metal interface with sinusoidal perturbations that invert and grow subsequent to shock and may arrest because of strength effects. To use RMI strength estimates as calibration data for rate-dependent constitutive models, one must understand the strain rates that apply to the strength estimate, but the strain rate varies spatially and temporally during the instability. In this study, we use a series of numerical simulations to establish the strain rate(s) to which the instability is most sensitive.
Response: World Anglophone Is a Theory

Let’s start with the starkest, most tendentious version of what’s happened to the field. The movement “from” Postcolonial “to” World Anglophone has involved two principal gestures: the promotion of...