cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The multifrequency spectral Eulerian (MUSE) model of a traveling wave tube

We derive from Eulerian electron beam equations the multifrequency spectral Eulerian (MUSE) model, a new one-dimensional (1-D) nonlinear multifrequency model of a traveling wave tube (TWT). We also derive from the same equations a Lagrangian "disk" model, LATTE, so that MUSE may be directly compared to a Lagrangian approach. The models are compared to the large signal code Christine 1-D on a set of TWT parameters which are based on a single section of the Hughes 8537H L-band TWT. Aspects of the physics, nonlinearities, and simulation dimensions of the MUSE model are discussed, as well as its relation to the method of collective variables. A simplified MUSE model S-MUSE useful for analysis is also presented and its applications are discussed.
Detection of retinal changes in Parkinson’s disease with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Purpose This pilot study investigated whether high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) could detect differences in inner retinal layer (IRL), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and macular thickness between patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and controls.
Direct coupling of five-micrometer /Hg,Cd/Te photovoltaic detector and a CCD multiplexer

A direct-coupling experiment between a 5-micrometer photovoltaic mercury-cadmium telluride detector and a CCD multiplexer is reported. No detectable degradation in signal-to-noise ratio was experienced
High-speed optical logic

All-optical switches and logic gates have been studied for many years, primarily because of their potential for high-speed operation. High-speed operation has been demonstrated in optical AND (demultiplexing) gates. For example, researchers have demonstrated all-optical demultiplexing of 100 Gbit/s data streams using a variety of optical switching elements. Still, all-optical bit-wise logic has not been demonstrated above 40 Gbit/s. However, rapid advances in the demonstrated switching speeds of optical logic gates are expected in the near future.
Flexural vibrations of clamped-free rhombic plates with corner stress singularities. Part II: comparison of solutions

An ample review of the published literature of skew (rhombic) plate vibrations in a companion Part I paper serves as a background that motivates the need for accurate solutions incorporating stress singularity-based methodologies for analyzing the titled problem. Such an accurate method is presented in this Part II paper. The prime focus here is that the vibration analysis explicitly considers the bending stress singularities that occur in the two opposite, clamped-free corners with obtuse angles of the rhombic plates. The strength of these singularities increases significantly, as the obtuse angles at the clamped-free corners exceeds 95o. A single-field energy-based Ritz procedure is employed with the dynamical energies derived from classical Kirchhoff thin-plate theory. The normal displacement of the rhombic plate is approximated as a hybrid series of (i) admissible and mathematically complete algebraic polynomials, and (ii) corner functions which account for both the kinematic boundary conditions and t...
Nationalism and the Collapse of Soviet Communism

This article examines the role of nationalism in the collapse of communism in the late 1980s and early 1990s, arguing that nationalism (both in its presence and its absence, and in the various conflicts and disorders that it unleashed) played an important role in structuring the way in which communism collapsed. Two institutions of international and cultural control in particular – the Warsaw Pact and ethnofederalism – played key roles in determining which communist regimes failed and which survived. The article argues that the collapse of communism was not a series of isolated, individual national stories of resistance but a set of interrelated streams of activity in which action in one context profoundly affected action in other contexts – part of a larger tide of assertions of national sovereignty that swept through the Soviet empire during this period.
Deposit Insurance Coverage, Market Power, and Ownership Structure: Implications for Indonesian Banks’ Stability

In the first part, this paper aims to examine how explicit deposit insurance coverage affects bank stability using the data from the Indonesian commercial banking industry, which offers a unique setting of natural experiment for this purpose. In the second and third parts, this paper studies how market power and ownership structure affect bank stability. My analysis shows that blanket and full guarantee have adverse impact to the Indonesian bank stability, as well as low explicit coverage, suggesting an inverted U-shaped relation. The analysis then shows that higher degree of market power is significantly associated with lower bank stability, supporting the competition-stability hypothesis. Moreover, the analysis reveals that higher cash flow right is associated with lower bank stability, while central government ownership is associated with higher bank stability, as well as foreign and family ownership. Publicly held banks tend to be lower in overall risk, but have relatively higher allowance for loan losses and lower equity-to-asset ratio compared to private banks. Meanwhile, findings on local government and managerial ownership are mixed. The analysis further shows that bank ownership structure interact with the explicit deposit insurance coverage to influence bank stability.
From Fee to Free: A Take on Legal Information Through Technology-Colored Glasses

Today, the use of technology by law students – and by extension, practitioners – starts with word-processed documents and launches in various directions. Legal research is performed online by everyone in the legal field. While Westlaw and Lexis play a large role in legal research, most access is via Web based interfaces. Particularly, the use of free web-based resources has been growing.The most fascinating trends in electronic research, indeed, have everything to do with other notable ways in which Web-related technology is affecting students and practitioners. This article explores two such areas: free, quality legal (or practice-related) information on the Web, and Web-based legal discourse. These resources include Thomas, GPO Access, EDGAR, LexisOne, and State Legislature websites.
Optimum receivers

In recent years there have been numerous studies of reception or communications systems for the demodulation of signals which are received with additive gaussian noise. Many of these studies have been based on the work of D.C. Youla ["The use of maximum likelihood in estimating continuously modulated intelligence which has been corrupted by nolse," IRE TRANS. ON INFORMATION THEORY, vol. PGIT-3, pp. 90-105, March, 1954]. In frequency modulation (FM) the signal is subjected to linear filtering (pre-emphasis) prior to modulation and it is not immediately apparent how to apply the work of Youla directly. Linear filtering prior to modulation is also used in many other situations which occur in practice (for example, SSB AM can be produced by a combination of linear operations on the signal), and it is therefore pertinent to extend Youla's work to this case. The purpose of this communication is to point out that Youla's work can be extended in a straightforward way to cover modulation schemes in which filtering prior to modulation is employed. The results have been known for some time but apparently are not widely available. We consider the case where one signal is sent over one communication channel. Extensions to more than one signal and more than one channel appear to be straightforward.
Molecular models for mouse sperm-oocyte binding.

Binding of sperm to egg in the mouse has been proposed to depend primarily on interactions between lectin-like egg-binding proteins on the sperm plasma membrane and complementary carbohydrates on the specialized extracellular matrix of the egg known as the zona pellucida. An alternative model posits that initial sperm-egg binding depends on the interaction of a sperm surface protein with a supramolecular complex of the three mouse zona pellucida glycoproteins (mZP1, mZP2, mZP3); the role of carbohydrate recognition in this paradigm is thought to be minimal (Gahlay G, Gauthier L, Baibakov B, Epifano O, Dean J. 2010. Gamete recognition in mice depends on the cleavage status of an egg's zona pellucida protein. SCIENCE: 329:216-219). This perspective reviews these recent findings, and considers them in light of evidence favoring a major role for lectin-like interactions. An alternative model, the domain specific model for mammalian gamete binding, could reconcile some of the conflicting observations.
Solution processable high dielectric constant nanocomposites based on ZrO2 nanoparticles for flexible organic transistors.

A solution-based strategy for fabrication of high dielectric constant (κ) nanocomposites for flexible organic field effect transistors (OFETs) has been developed. The nanocomposite was composed of a high-κ polymer, cyanoethyl pullulan (CYELP), and a high-κ nanoparticle, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2). Organic field effect transistors (OFETs) based on neat CYELP exhibited anomalous behavior during device operation, such as large hysteresis and variable threshold voltages, which yielded inconsistent devices and poor electrical characteristics. To improve the stability of the OFET, we introduced ZrO2 nanoparticles that bind with residual functional groups on the high-κ polymer, which reduces the number of charge trapping sites. The nanoparticles, which serve as physical cross-links, reduce the hysteresis without decreasing the dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of the nanocomposites was tuned over the range of 15.6–21 by varying the ratio of the two components in the composite dielectrics, resulting in a...
Three Cases of Recklinghausen's Disease with Pseudarthrosis of the Lower Leg

Generally there are various changes of bone in Recklinghausen's disease, but pseudarthrosis of the lower leg occurs less frequently.We had encountered three cases of Recklinghausen's disease. The three cases were incomplete form with Cafe' au lait spots and pseu-darthrosis of the lower leg. Osteosynthesis with bone graft was carried out. In all cases the results were followed up, and bone union did not occur in two cases. Therefore, the amputation was done for the two patients. In the other one a bone union was gained enough to walk with apparatus.
HPLC analysis of Sudan dyes in chili spices

Objective:Simultaneous determination of Sudan dyes I,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ was performed by employing high performance liquid chromatography.Methods:Samples were extracted,condensed,and then separated with C18 column,qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector.Results:Linear range of the method was 0.125~20.0 μg/ml,and the minimum detective limit was 4.4~9.1 μg/kg,spike recovery in pepper powder was 98.1%~105%.Conclusion:This method is quite sensitive,accurate and can be used for routine determination of Sudan dyes in food.
On the East and West View of Happiness——Talk about Emotional Rationalism

Happiness is human-specific activities and ideal pursuits.Throughout the ages,happiness is the eternal topic of philosophers concern.Different understanding and interpretation have formed diverse conceptions of happiness.So from the emotional and rational perspective,this article intends to explain the basic content and evolutionary logic of two kinds of happiness in the West,and outline the basic connotation of dialectical concept of happiness.
Redaction of Substance Abuse Claims in Medicare Research Files Affects Spending Outcomes for Nearly One in Five Beneficiaries with Serious Mental Illness.

Objective To assess the impact of substance abuse claims redaction on Medicare spending estimates for beneficiaries with serious mental illness. Data Sources The 2012 claims and unredacted beneficiary-level Medicare spending totals from CMS's Chronic Conditions Warehouse. Study Design We identified beneficiaries with claims affected by the redaction by comparing claims-based spending estimates to unredacted spending totals. Differences in characteristics of beneficiaries with and without redacted claims were examined in bivariate analyses. Principal Findings Claims-based spending totals differed from unredacted totals for 19.7 percent of the cohort. Part A spending for those with redacted claims was underreported by 57.0 percent. Characteristics of beneficiaries with and without redacted claims differed significantly. Conclusions Researchers who rely on Medicare claims to analyze spending outcomes for beneficiaries with serious mental illness should be aware of the potential for bias due to nonrandom redaction of substance abuse data.
Electrical Cell-Substrate Impedance Spectroscopy Can Monitor Age-Grouped Human Adipose Stem Cell Variability During Osteogenic Differentiation

Human adipose stem cells (hASCs) are an attractive cell source for bone tissue engineering applications. However, a critical issue to be addressed before widespread hASC clinical translation is the dramatic variability in proliferative capacity and osteogenic potential among hASCs isolated from different donors. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that electrical cell-substrate impedance spectroscopy (ECIS) could track complex bioimpedance patterns of hASCs throughout proliferation and osteogenic differentiation to better understand and predict variability among hASC populations. Superlots composed of hASCs from young (aged 24–36 years), middle-aged (aged 48–55 years), and elderly (aged 60–81 years) donors were seeded on gold electrode arrays. Complex impedance measurements were taken throughout proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. During osteogenic differentiation, four impedance phases were identified: increase, primary stabilization, drop phase, and secondary stabilization. Matrix deposition was first observed 48–96 hours after the impedance maximum, indicating, for the first time, that ECIS can identify morphological changes that correspond to late-stage osteogenic differentiation. The impedance maximum was observed at day 10.0 in young, day 6.1 in middle-aged, and day 1.3 in elderly hASCs, suggesting that hASCs from younger donors require a longer time to differentiate than do hASCs from older donors, but young hASCs proliferated more and accreted more calcium long-term. This is the first study to use ECIS to predict osteogenic potential of multiple hASC populations and to show that donor age may temporally control onset of osteogenesis. These findings could be critical for development of patient-specific bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:502–511
Maya Hunting Sustainability: Perspectives from Past and Present

This discussion will present evidence from two research projects, one zooarchaeological and the other ethnozoological, to address questions of sustainability in past and present Maya hunting practices. Zooarchaeological studies of animal remains from archaeological sites across the Maya region reveal some evidence of unsustainable hunting practices, primarily associated with larger and more politically complex settlements. However, these studies do not point to regional overhunting, biodiversity reduction, or extinctions, indicating that ancient Maya hunting was sustainable over 2,000 years. A second study investigates modern highland Maya hunting ceremonialism and reveals complex attitudes to wild animal harvesting. Belief in an “Animal Guardian” who determines hunting quotas and appropriate hunting behavior may link to an embedded conservation ethic. However, zoological harvest information gathered from the remains of hunted animals deposited at hunting shrines suggests that modern hunting practices may not reflect that ethic. Together, the two datasets are used to explore issues of complexity in past and present hunting activities. In each study, potentially sustainable practices become less-so under certain circumstances, particularly those causing stress on previously stable animal management systems. Some thoughts are offered on the difficulties and benefits of disseminating these complex results to different audiences. The value of understanding the factors that drive both sustainable and unsustainable practices far outweighs the disadvantages of presenting potentially unpalatable information about indigenous environmental resource management. The difficulty lies in presenting the research to each stakeholder in terms and contexts that are appropriate to understanding the implications of the data.
Food allergy : a human rights issue? : ethics

'Human rights are entitlements people can claim relating to their basic needs because they are human.' The original conception of human rights was to protect individuals from abuse by the state, and so they were referred to as 'first generation' rights. These rights included civil and political rights, such as freedom of speech, freedom to vote and choose political associations, and freedom of movement. Socio-economic rights were referred to as 'second generation' rights. However, nowadays all types of rights are seen as equally important and so these classifications have fallen away. Human rights are considered to be universal, even though cultural differences exist in society.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Deposited Ni/WC Metal Matrix Composite Coatings

In the present study, the feasibility of laser metal deposition of WC reinforced Nickel composite coatings was investigated for the application of hardfacing coating on copper. Ni/60WC MMC were fabricated on the surface of copper with a buffer layer of hastelloy C-276. Additional sets of samples were deposited on a 1020 mild steel substrate. Three principal experiments were conducted in a systematic order to understand the microstructural evolution of Ni/60WC MMC. A multi-track, single-track deposit, and remelting of the as-deposited surface were systematically investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed microstructural element such as dendrites, equiaxed structure, eutectic structure, and several other complex carbide structures. It was observed that the presence of three principle phases in the deposit consisted of the primary WC, dendritic Ni, and a eutectic structure. Microhardness of the laser deposited samples indicated the gradual variation in hardness as the deposition transits from a highly conductive soft material to a hard facing coating. Homogenization of WC in Ni matrix was well realized in this study.
Fast computation of the transient motions of moving vessels in irregular ocean waves

Abstract A fast time-domain method is developed in this paper for the real-time prediction of the six degree of freedom motions of a vessel traveling in an irregular seaway in infinitely deep water. The fully coupled unsteady ship motion problem is solved by time-stepping the linearized boundary conditions on both the free surface and body surface. A velocity-based boundary integral method is then used to solve the Laplace equation at every time step for the fluid kinematics, while a scalar integral equation is solved for the total fluid pressure. The boundary integral equations are applied to both the physical fluid domain outside the body and a fictitious fluid region inside the body, enabling use of the fast Fourier transform method to evaluate the free surface integrals. The computational efficiency of the scheme is further improved through use of the method of images to eliminate source singularities on the free surface while retaining vortex/dipole singularities that decay more rapidly in space. The resulting numerical algorithm runs 2–3 times faster than real time on a standard desktop computer. Numerical predictions are compared to prior published results for the transient motions of a hemisphere and laboratory measurements of the motions of a free running vessel in oblique waves with good agreement.
The effect of ionospheric anisotropy

In Chapter 3, we have shown that the Earth’s ionosphere exerts an adverse effect on SAR imaging. It is due to the mismatch between the actual radar signal affected by the dispersion of radio waves in the ionosphere and the matched filter used for signal processing. Accordingly, to improve the image one should correct the filter. This requires knowledge of the total electron content in the ionosphere, as well as of another parameter that characterizes the azimuthal variation of the electron number density (see Section 3.9). These quantities can be reconstructed by probing the ionosphere on two distinct carrier frequencies and exploiting the resulting redundancy in the data (see Section 3.10).
Pain, Fatigue, and Cognitive Symptoms Are Temporally Associated Within but Not Across Days in Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Objective To examine the temporal associations, within day and day to day, between pain, fatigue, depressed mood, and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MS). Design Repeated-measures study involving 7 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of symptoms 5 times a day; multilevel mixed models were used to analyze data. Setting Community. Participants Ambulatory adults (N=107) with MS. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure EMA of pain, fatigue, depressed mood, and cognitive function rated on a 0 to 10 scale. Results Fatigue and pain were linked within day such that higher pain was associated with higher subsequent fatigue (B=.09, P =.04); likewise, higher fatigue was associated with higher pain in the following time frame (B=.05, P =.04). Poorer perceived cognitive function preceded increased subsequent pain (B=.08, P =.007) and fatigue (B=.10, P =.01) within day. Depressed mood was not temporally linked with other symptoms. In terms of day-to-day effects, a day of higher fatigue related to decreased next day fatigue (B=−.16, P =.01), and a day of higher depressed mood related to increased depressed mood the next day (B=.17, P =.01). There were no cross-symptom associations from one day to the next. Conclusions Findings provide new insights on how common symptoms in MS relate to each other and vary within and over days. Pain and fatigue show evidence of a dynamic bidirectional relation over the course of a day, and worsening of perceived cognitive function preceded worsening of both pain and fatigue. Most temporal associations between symptoms occur within the course of a day, with relatively little carryover from one day to the next.
Correlation of tumor mutational burden and treatment outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.

Background The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that 16% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) display DNA repair mechanisms and high tumor mutational burden (TMB). Although, there is accumulating evidence of greater benefit of immunotherapy in tumors with high-TMB, its impact on response to chemotherapy is unknown. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the impact of TMB on progression-free survival (PFS) of CRC patients treated at tertiary care oncology clinics who had their tumors profiled by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Low TMB (TMB-L) and intermediate/high TMB (TMB-I/H) were defined as ≤5 mutations per base (MB) or ≥6 MB, respectively. Results Seventy-four CRC patients (61 colon and 13 rectal cancers) were identified from the database. In the TMB-L cohort, irinotecan-based chemotherapy treated patients had improved PFS compared to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy treated patients (11.9 vs. 6.5 months, P<0.001). No difference in PFS was observed between the two treatment cohorts in TMB-I/H group. There was also no difference in time to recurrence in the TMB-L and TMB-I/H arms in patients treated with oxaliplatin-based therapy in perioperative setting. Conclusions TMB-L may be a predictive biomarker in a subset of CRC patients treated with chemotherapy but these results need to confirmed in larger studies.
CELLULAR STUDIES OF IDENTIFIED NEURONS PRODUCING PRESYNAPTIC FACILITATION IN APLYSIA

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the cellular studies of identified neurons producing presynaptic facilitation in aplysia. The study examined the fine structure and synaptic organization of the L29 neurons using single and double label techniques. By injecting individual L29 neurons with tritiated serotonin ( 3 H- 5 HT) and sensory neurons with horseradish peroxidase, their neuropil processes were identified. It was found that L29 processes contain three types of vesicles: dense core (mean long diameter 115 nm), large electron lucent (mean long diameter 115 nm), and small electron lucent (mean long diameter 65 nm). The morphology and distribution of this vesicle population is very similar to that described for a known serotonergic neuron in Aplysia , the metacerebral cell. It was also found that injected 3 H- 5 HT was preferentially packaged in end-stage lysosomes, as occurs in the metacerebral cell but not in a known cholinergic neuron. These observations are, therefore, consistent with the hypothesis that the L29 neurons are serotonergic. It was also found that the L29 neurons have morphologically conventional active zones and that the small lucent vesicle type is preferentially positioned near these specialized zones.
Abstract TP38: Impact of CT Perfusion Scan Duration on Lesion Volume

Introduction: There is evidence that CTP volumes are affected by scan duration, but the minimal scan duration needed to obtain reliable volumes has not been established. Hypothesis: The minimal CTP...
Gist: general integrated summarization of text and reviews

E-commerce is rapidly growing, with review Web sites hosting hundreds of reviews on average for any product. Reading so many reviews is tedious, time-consuming, and with the proposed Gist, unnecessary. We introduce Gist, a system to automatically summarize large amounts of text into informative and actionable key sentences. With unsupervised learning and sentiment analysis, Gist selects the sentences that best characterize a set of reviews. All of this is done in seconds, without prior adjustment or training. Gist extends the current state of the art with a modular system that can take advantage of a priori knowledge and adapt to new domains through easy modification and extension. Gist is a general framework, able to summarize any set of text and easily adapt to specific domains. A robust comparison with state-of-the-art summarization algorithms, on datasets containing hundreds of documents, proves Gist’s ability to effectively summarize text and reviews.
A Wholehearted Defense of Ambivalence

Despite widespread agreement that ambivalence precludes agency “at its best,” in this paper I argue that ambivalence as such is no threat to one’s agency. In particular, against “unificationists” like Harry Frankfurt I argue that failing to be fully integrated as an agent, lacking purity of heart, or being less than wholehearted in one’s choices, tells us nothing about whether an agent’s will is properly functioning. Moreover, it will turn out that in many common circumstances, wholeheartedness with respect to some motive or course of action is itself a defect in an agent’s will.
Devices for ex vivo heart and lung perfusion

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The number of organs available for heart and lung transplantation is far short of the number that is needed to meet demand. Perfusion and ventilation of donor organs after pro...
Breast milk decreases the risk of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a syndrome that strikes premature infants, has become a leading cause of infant mortality in the United States, Canada, and many other countries. The pathogenesis of NEC is poorly understood, although leading theories have implicated bacteria, intestinal ischemia, formula feedings, immaturity of the neonatal gut and combinations thereof (Santulliet al.1975, Lawrenceet al.1982, Kosloske, 1990). This article summarizes our current understanding of NEC, including its history, clinical management, epidemiology and outcomes. Current theories of pathogenesis and prevention are outlined, with emphasis on the single agent with proven effectiveness for prevention: breast milk.
Partners at Paris? climate negotiations and transatlantic relations

There is arguably no security crisis so great as the one that stems from climate change. For some time, the EU, rather than the US, has led the way in terms of far-ranging policies to reduce carbon...
Management of advanced ocular surface disease in patients with severe atopic keratoconjunctivitis.

Abstract Aim & objective Severe ocular surface disease, including limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) can occur as a consequence of severe atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) that has been inadequately treated. Our goal was to describe the management and outcomes of severe ocular surface disease in AKC patients. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of a case series of 13 eyes of 8 patients with advanced ocular surface disease associated with severe AKC. The clinical presentation, medical and surgical management, and visual and anatomic outcomes were analyzed. Results Five eyes were treated with medical interventions alone, which included topical or systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) for all eyes. These eyes had a decline in mean visual acuity from LogMAR 0.96 to 2.04 between the initial and final visits related to recurrent epithelial defects or corneal ulceration. Eight eyes were treated with surgical approaches in addition to medical treatment. Initial surgical treatments included limbal stem cell transplantation (n = 5), Boston keratoprosthesis (n = 2), and superficial keratectomy (n = 1). Both eyes that underwent primary keratoprosthesis had severe post-operative complications and became no light perception. In the remainder of the surgically treated eyes, there was an improvement visual acuity from LogMAR 1.43 to 0.6 between the pre-operative and final post-operative visit. Conclusion Visual rehabilitation in eyes severe ocular surface disease due to prolonged AKC is challenging. While some patients did experience improved vision, most eyes did not improve or experienced severe complications with vision loss. Early intervention with immunomodulatory therapy may prevent progression of the disease to advanced stages.
Accelerating a Distributed CPD Algorithm for Large Dense, Skewed Tensors

Canonical Polyadic Decomposition (CPD) is a powerful technique for uncovering multilinear relationships in tensors. Current research in scalable CPD has focused on designing efficient decomposition algorithms for large sparse tensors that arise in machine learning and data mining applications. This work addresses the complementary need for efficient decomposition algorithms for large dense tensors that arise in signal processing applications. Such tensors are often highly skewed, with one mode (e.g., time) orders of magnitude larger than the others. We present an algorithm appropriate for MapReduce settings that uses both regularization and sketching to efficiently operate on such tensors. We have open-sourced an Apache Spark implementation of the algorithm and evaluate it on synthetic and real datasets to characterize the trade-offs in runtime and accuracy when using different types and combinations of regularization and sketching. We observe that a combination of random entry sketching plus Tikhonov regularization works best independent of the type or level of noise in the tensor. Similarly, we find that random entry sketching plus proximal regularization works best for ill-conditioned tensors. Further experiments demonstrate that the runtime scales sublinearly with the tensor size and highly sublinearly with the tensor rank. The use of regularization and sketching results in runtimes that are factors of 42-112× faster than those of the previous state-of-the-art MapReduce CPD implementation for large dense, skewed tensors, while having a negligible impact on the accuracy of the decompositions.
Neural stem cells: origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain

In the adult rodent brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ), which are specialized niches in which young neurons for the olfactory bulb (OB) and hippocampus, respectively, are generated. Recent studies have significantly modified earlier views on the mechanisms of NSC self-renewal and neurogenesis in the adult brain. Here, we discuss the molecular control, heterogeneity, regional specification and cell division modes of V-SVZ NSCs, and draw comparisons with NSCs in the SGZ. We highlight how V-SVZ NSCs are regulated by local signals from their immediate neighbors, as well as by neurotransmitters and factors that are secreted by distant neurons, the choroid plexus and vasculature. We also review recent advances in single cell RNA analyses that reveal the complexity of adult neurogenesis. These findings set the stage for a better understanding of adult neurogenesis, a process that one day may inspire new approaches to brain repair.
Nonunited Lower Extremity Fractures Initially Repaired Outside the Developed Western World Develop a High Rate of Postoperative Complications After Nonunion Repair.

Objectives To evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes after operative repair of nonunited lower extremity fractures initially repaired outside the developed Western world. Design Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Setting Academic medical center. Patients/participants From September 2004 through February 2017, 227 patients who underwent operative repair of a lower extremity fracture nonunion were prospectively enrolled in a research registry. All patients underwent previous fracture surgery and had at least 12 months of postoperative follow-up. Intervention Repair of lower extremity fracture nonunion. Main outcome measurements Postoperative complications, reoperation rate, time to union, and functional outcomes were assessed using the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment and Visual Analog Scale pain scores. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the differences in patients who underwent initial fracture repair outside the developed Western world as opposed to within the United States. Results Twenty-one patients (9.3%) underwent initial fracture repair outside the developed Western world. These patients had a greater incidence of infected nonunions (47.6% vs. 23.3%; P = 0.015) and failure of a previous implant at the time of presentation (52.4% vs. 22.8%; P = 0.003) than those initially managed within the United States. This cohort also experienced a greater rate of postoperative complications after nonunion repair (23.8% vs. 6.3%; P = 0.016). The geographic location of initial fracture repair was not associated with postoperative Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment scores or Visual Analog Scale pain scores after controlling for possible confounding variables. Conclusions Patients who present with a nonunited lower extremity fracture initially repaired outside the developed Western world experience a high rate of postoperative complications after fracture nonunion repair but can expect good short- and long-term functional outcomes. Level of evidence Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Characteristics of patients having telemedicine versus in-person informed consent visits before abortion in Utah.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate demographic and service delivery differences between patients using telemedicine relative to an in-person visit to satisfy Utah’s state-mandated informed consent visit, which must occur at least 72 h before the abortion. Study design We conducted a retrospective cohort study with data from Planned Parenthood Association of Utah (PPAU), which included all informed consent and abortion encounters from January 1, 2015–March 31, 2018. We evaluated the following for each encounter by informed consent type (telemedicine vs in-person): demographics, distance to a PPAU facility, length of time between informed consent and abortion visits, and gestational age at time of abortion. Results Of the 9175 informed consent visits, 91% were in-person (n = 8395) and 9% were via telemedicine (n = 780), which ranged from 5% in 2015 to 16% in 2018. Compared to in-person patients, telemedicine patients were slightly older (27 vs 25 median years, p Conclusions PPAU’s telemedicine option for completing the abortion informed consent visit appears to be of particular interest to patients who live further from clinics, including out of state, as it could help reduce travel burdens imposed by Utah’s mandatory delay law. Implications Telemedicine provision of state-mandated informed consent is feasible and could be used in other states where similar mandatory delays before abortion are required and where telemedicine is allowed.
Efficacy of Inferior Vena Cava Filters in Anticoagulated Patients.

Although use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters has grown enormously over the last 10 years, data examining the benefit over standard anticoagulation (AC) regimens are limited. To assess whether the addition of IVC filters improve outcomes as compared to AC therapy alone, we retrospectively examined prospectively-collected data in the database of a large urban medical center for all patients (n=1726) who were discharged between October 1997 and September 2005 after an episode of venous thromboembolism (VTE) who had documented adequate AC (INR of 2.0) within the first 30 days. Those who received an IVC filter (n=303) in addition to AC were compared to those (n=1423) who received AC only. The last serum albumen level prior to discharge was used as a surrogate marker for morbidity. Outcome measures were new pulmonary embolism (PE) or mortality as well as recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Subsequent morbid events were assessed from the hospital record system and mortality was also assessed by hospital record or social security record search. Potential confounding variables sex, race, and cancer status at discharge were compared by chi-square; mean age and albumin were compared with independent samples t-test. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated with Cox models. Analyses were performed with SPSS using a two-tailed alpha of .05. Total incidence of subsequent PE, DVT and mortality were 6.5%, 36.6% and 35.3% respectively. The two groups did not significantly differ by sex or cancer status. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) and duration of AC was similar for both groups (TTR for Filter v AC-only: 52.3% v 54.3%. Patients with both filter and AC were less likely to be Hispanic, had lower mean (± sd) albumin (3.0 ± 0.9 mg/dl v 3.6 ± 0.8 mg/dl, p<.001)) and were older (65 ± 16 yrs v 60 ± 18yrs, p<.001) than those with AC only. Hazard ratios did not differ significantly for new PE (p=.8) or recurrent DVT (p=.8) when adjusted for albumin, cancer status, age, sex and race, however mortality was significantly worse for patients with a filter (HR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1,1.5, p=.009). Since patients with massive pulmonary emboli and those who are unstable may be more likely to receive an IVC filter in addition to AC, we addressed the potential indication bias by an additional analysis after exclusion of those who had a recurrent VTE (n=1) or who died (n=47) prior to discharge from the index hospitalization. This analysis of the remaining 1678 patients did not demonstrate a significant difference in difference in mortality (p=.8), new PE (p=.8) or recurrent DVT (p=.7). These data suggest the possibility that IVC filters may not provide any substantial additional advantage for patients who can tolerate anticoagulant therapy. A randomized controlled trial will be needed to be confident that indication bias or latent confounding variables do not obscure real differences and to better define whether there is meaningful benefit to be gained from IVC filters for VTE patients already on anticoagulation.
Using a Thin Slice Coding Approach to Assess Preschool Personality Dimensions.

A large literature assessing personality across the lifespan has used the Big Five as an organizing framework, with evidence that variation along different dimensions predicts aspects of psychopath...
Remote Sensing Object Localization with Deep Heterogeneous Superpixel Features

Object detection and localization within high-resolution remote sensing imagery (HR-RSI) is a challenging task for a variety of reasons, such as the complexity and clutter of the image scene and the compactness of the intermixed object classes. Even the most comprehensive training datasets cannot adequately account for the rich diversity and complexity of anthropogenic objects and their contextual settings in large-scale HR-RSI collections. Recent approaches using deep learning techniques include bounding box approaches (e.g., YOLO), object nomination then recognition (e.g., R-CNN), and post-detection object localization of deep neural network detections. Herein, we propose a novel technique that leverages heterogeneous superpixels and deep neural feature extraction to classify the superpixel segmentation through relational analysis. In this preliminary research, we demonstrate the validity of this approach for object detection and localization, as well as its suitability for identifying the irregular shapes of objects (as opposed to a bounding box). Experiments are performed using a sub-set of the xView benchmark dataset with a goal of spearheading future techniques in cluttered scene object recognition that allows deep feature extractors to have more focus on the target objects instead of the surrounding area or nearby object pixels.
IMPACT OF DEMAND ISCHEMIA ON THE OUTCOME OF PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH SEVERE SEPSIS OR SEPTIC SHOCK

Sepsis is one of the most common causes of myocardial injury secondary to demand-supply mismatch. However, the impact if demand ischemia without myocardial infarction on the patients’ outcomes is less known. This is a retrospective cohort study in which we used the 2016 National Inpatient Sample
Comparison of intraoperative tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid in cardiopulmonary bypass patients

Abstract Objective To compare tranexamic acid (TXA) and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods Over a consecutive 2-year period, 824 adult cardiac surgery patients who received TXA during an EACA shortage were compared with 778 patients who received EACA postshortage. Patient characteristics and process and outcome variables were collected through chart review and database queries. This retrospective analysis used inverse probability of treatment weighting to control for confounding by indication, and propensity scores were calculated using a logistic regression model. Results In adjusted models, overall transfusion rates for the TXA cohort (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.81-1.10) and administration of platelets (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.85-1.27), red blood cells (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.80-1.09), fresh frozen plasma (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.79-1.25), and cryoprecipitate (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.71-1.64) were equivalent to the EACA cohort. In addition, there was no statistical difference with respect to stroke, seizure, mortality, reoperation for bleeding, chest tube drainage, and acute kidney injury. Patients who received TXA had shorter ventilator times (difference in medians −1.33 hours [95% CI, −1.86 to −0.80]) and lower postsurgical charges (difference of medians −$2913 [95% CI, −5147 to −679]). Conclusions Substituting TXA for EACA during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass did not change transfusion rate or amount, nor was there a significant difference in chest tube drainage. Patients who received TXA had a statistically significant but not clinically significant lower postoperative ventilator times and charges without an increase in mortality, stroke, reoperation for bleeding, acute kidney injury, or seizures.
A Retrospective Review of Native Septic Arthritis in Patients: Can We Diagnose Based on Laboratory Values?

Introduction The accurate diagnosis of acute septic arthritis is essential to initiating appropriate treatment and minimizing potential cartilage damage. A synovial fluid cell count of 50,000 cells/mm3 has been used as a diagnostic cutoff for acute septic arthritis, although data supporting this is lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of synovial cell counts to predict septic arthritis in patients with symptomatic native joints. Methods A retrospective review was performed of patients who were evaluated for septic arthritis at a single institution with the use of synovial fluid analysis and adjunctive lab tests. Exclusion criteria included history of a total joint arthroplasty of the affected joint or immunocompromised state. A true infection was considered on the basis of positive or negative synovial aspirate cultures. We evaluated the synovial cell count, synovial polymorphonuclear cell percentile (% neutrophils), serum white blood cell (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in order to determine their association and predictive power in a true infection. Results Of the 65 patients included in the study, 40 (61.5%) had a positive culture for septic arthritis and 25 (38.5%) had negative cultures. Patients with positive cultures had a larger median % neutrophils than patients with negative cultures (median: 93 vs. median: 86, P=0.041). They also tended to have higher serum CRP levels compared to negative culture patients (median: 142.30 vs. 34.20, P=0.051). No outcomes were independently highly effective in discriminating between patient groups (area under the curve (AUC) ≤ 0.67). There was no significant difference between the synovial cell counts in patients with culture positive septic arthritis and patients with negative cultures (median: 32435 vs 35385, P = 0.94). Conclusion Patients with culture proven septic arthritis had larger % neutrophils. However, there were no other statistically significant differences between patient groups regarding ESR, CRP, WBC, or cell count aspiration at the time of diagnosis. No synovial cell count level was highly effective in discriminating patients with a positive culture for septic arthritis from patients with negative cultures.
Intramolecular asymmetric oxidopyrylium-based [5 + 2] cycloadditions

Abstract Intramolecular oxidopyrylium-based [5 + 2] cycloadditions utilizing chiral auxiliaries were investigated. Both acetoxypyranones and silyloxypyrones were employed and sulfinimines, oxazolidinones, hydrazones, and chiral enamines were explored. Carbonyl-based auxiliaries gave low selectivity, but enamines afforded excellent diastereoselectivity. Overall, facial selectivity varied significantly providing insight regarding the scope and limitation of chiral auxiliary-based oxidopyrylium-alkene [5 + 2] cycloadditions.
The challenges of microbial source tracking at urban beaches for Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA).

Abstract Urban beaches are frequently impacted from multiple sources of fecal contamination. This along with high beach usage underscores the importance of appropriate management that protects swimmer health. The USEPA has enabled the use of QMRA as a tool for quantifying swimmer health risk and setting site-specific water quality objectives. This study illustrates the challenges associated with human and non-human source identification and how these challenges influence the decision of whether QMRA at typical urban beaches for water quality management is appropriate. In this study, a similar and correlated spatial relationship with elevated Enterococcus and avian-specific markers was observed, suggesting shorebirds as a primary source of FIB. However, human-associated markers were also detected frequently but at low concentrations. Ultimately, a QMRA was not conducted because pathogen loading from potential human sources could not be confidently quantified, having consequences for health risk in receiving waters where recreational contact occurs.