cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tug-Of-War Between Thermodynamic Stability and Actin-Binding Function of Tandem Calponin-Homology Domains

Tandem calponin-homology (CH) domains constitute a major class of actin-binding domains that include dystrophin and utrophin, the two key proteins involved in muscular dystrophy. Despite their importance, how their structure controls their function is not understood. Here, we study the contribution of individual CH domains to the actin-binding function of utrophin's tandem CH domain. Co-sedimentation assays indicate that the C-terminal CH2 domain binds weakly to F-actin when compared with the full-length tandem CH domain, consistent with the published results on tandem CH domains. However, the surprise came from the CH1 domain. Isolated CH1 binds strongly to F-actin when compared with the full-length tandem CH domain. These results indicate that CH2 has a negative influence on actin-binding when it is linked with CH1. Thus, the obvious question that arises is why tandem CH domains require CH2, when CH2 is reducing their actin-binding efficiency. To answer, we probed the thermodynamic stabilities of individual CH domains. Isolated CH1 domain is unstable and is prone to serious aggregation. Isolated CH2 is very stable, even more stable than that of the full-length tandem CH domain. This makes utrophin's tandem CH domain as the first example where an isolated domain is more stable than the full-length protein. These results indicate that the main function of CH2 is to stabilize CH1 at the expense of decreasing the actin-binding efficiency. Consistently, the proposed structure of utrophin's tandem CH domain based on earlier X-ray studies indicates a close proximity between the C-terminal helix of CH2 and the N-terminal helix of CH1, and this helix in CH2 becomes more dynamic in the full-length protein when compared with that in the absence of CH1, suggesting a mechanism by which CH2 stabilizes CH1 despite the decrease in actin-binding function.
Acute unclassified leukemia: A clinicopathologic study with diagnostic implications of electron microscopy

By rigid cytological and cytochemical criteria, the diagnosis of acute and undifferentiated leukemia was established in 22 patients. According to defined criteria, the leukemic cells could not be classified by conventional light microscopic techniques employed in the study of hematopoietic tissue. Cytochemical studies including peroxidase, periodic acid schiff (PAS) and nonspecific esterase (alpha napthyl butyrate-reacting esterase) stains were done on fresh bone marrow samples, and the percentage of positive leukemia cells for each of these stains was determined on 200 cells. In this series of leukemias, cytochemistry at the light microscope level did not contribute to further classification. Subsequent electron microscopic examination of bone marrow samples from these patients confirmed the immaturity and nuclear/cytoplasmic asynchrony of the leukemic cells. Several in vivo neoplastic markers, such as nuclear blebs, increased nuclear bodies, and cytoplasmic fibrillar bundles could be demonstrated in these cells. Fourteen cases from this series exhibited peroxidase-positive developmental granule formation at the ultrastructural level and were reclassified as acute granulocyte leukemia (AGL). One case was reclassified as lymphoma (poor differentiated type), one case was diagnosed as acute monocytic leukemia (AmonoL), and six cases remained in the undifferentiated category (AUL). Clinical and laboratory features, response to treatment, and survival data were evaluated for these patients. This study demonstrated that electron microscopy is useful in the cytological diagnosis of human leukemia.
Axons of Dentate Neurons; Projectional and Intrinsic: Concepts and Cytology

Studies with orthograde axoplasmic transport of 35S-methionine injected into the dentate nucleus of rat and monkey show that dentatofugal projections spread abundantly into precisely organized distribution patterns on the cerebellar cortex and numerous brain stem and diencephalic regions (Chap. XIII, summarized in Figs. 13-1, 13-11 b and 13-18). A major concern of this book is elucidating the organization of individual neural elements in these connections. Which dentate neurons are connected where, how, and what do they do, and what architectural principles might be derived that may be applicable in studies elsewhere in the central nervous system? In order to examine some of these aspects more closely, I have chosen to illustrate certain organizational principles of cerebellar connectivity by using the example of the cerebello-inferior olivary circuit.
Treatment of Head Injuries

Sports-related brain injuries are increasing in incidence and may affect athletes from many different sports. Concussion is the most common form of sports-related head injury and is a form of mild traumatic brain injury. Evaluations of concussed athletes should include careful history, focused neurologic examination, balance testing, and cognitive testing. Postinjury management consists of avoiding aggravating factors until symptoms resolve. Return to play should not begin until all symptoms resolve, and then this should be done in a graduated fashion that avoids recreating symptoms. Research is ongoing concerning the maximum safe number of concussive injuries and any possible long-term sequelae.
Deficiency of telomerase activity aggravates the blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammatory responses in a model of experimental stroke

Epidemiology and genetic studies indicate that patients with telomere length shorter than average are at higher risk of dying from heart disease or stroke. Telomeres are located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes which demonstrate progressive length reduction in most somatic cells during aging. The enzyme telomerase can compensate for telomere loss during cell replication. The present study is aimed to investigate the contribution of telomerase to stroke and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Telomerase reverse transcriptase knock-out (TERT−/−) mice and littermate controls with normal TERT expression were subjected to a 24 h permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). The stroke outcomes were assessed in terms of neurological scores and infarct volumes. In addition, we evaluated oxidative stress, permeability across the BBB, and the integrity of tight junctions in brain microvessels. Neurological testing revealed that TERT−/− mice showed enhanced deficits as compared to controls. These changes were associated with a greater infarct volume. The expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 decreased markedly in ischemic hemispheres of TERT−/− mice. The brain microvessels of TERT−/− mice also were more susceptible to oxidative stress, revealing higher superoxide and lower glutathione levels as compared to mice with normal TERT expression. Importantly, TERT deficiency potentiated the production of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and ICAM-1 in the ischemic hemispheres of mice with pMCAO. Our study suggests that TERT deficiency can predispose to the development of stroke in an experimental model of this disease.
Contact charging of lunar and Martian dust simulants

micron dust grain is typically more than 10 5 elementary charges and varies linearly with dust size. The measured contact charge of a dust particle increases with repeated agitation of the surface. The average contact charge also varies linearly with the work function of the contacting surface. The contact charging with oxidized metal surfaces is found to be independent of the metal’s work function. The effective work functions of the planetary analogs are determined by extrapolation to be 5.8 eVand 5.6 eV for the lunar and Martian dust simulants, respectively. INDEX TERMS: 3914 Mineral Physics: Electrical properties; 3947 Mineral Physics: Surfaces and interfaces; 5470 Planetology: Solid Surface Planets: Surface materials and properties; 6225 Planetology: Solar System Objects: Mars; 6250 Planetology: Solar System Objects: Moon (1221); KEYWORDS: Dust, contact charging, lunar dust, Martian dust, work function
Speech Recognition: A TutoriaI on the Subject

The unnatural form of communication that one must use in interaction with a computer has prompted much research in the area of voice recognition. There have been enormous amounts of research in this area in the past decade. This paper presents a simplified overview of the linguistics and system approach behind speech recognition systems, so that those unfamiliar with this area may obtain a generalized understanding of the setbacks, achievements and operation of the verbal interface.
Removal of Feedback Inhibition of Δ1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthetase Results in Increased Proline Accumulation and Protection of Plants from Osmotic Stress

The Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS; EC not assigned) is the rate-limiting enzyme in proline (Pro) biosynthesis in plants and is subject to feedback inhibition by Pro. It has been suggested that the feedback regulation of P5CS is lost in plants under stress conditions. We compared Pro levels in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants expressing a wild-type form of Vigna aconitifolia P5CS and a mutated form of the enzyme (P5CSF129A) whose feedback inhibition by Pro was removed by site-directed mutagenesis. Transgenic plants expressing P5CSF129A accumulated about 2-fold more Pro than the plants expressing V. aconitifolia wild-type P5CS. This difference was further increased in plants treated with 200 mm NaCl. These results demonstrated that the feedback regulation of P5CS plays a role in controlling the level of Pro in plants under both normal and stress conditions. The elevated Pro also reduced free radical levels in response to osmotic stress, as measured by malondialdehyde production, and significantly improved the ability of the transgenic seedlings to grow in medium containing up to 200 mm NaCl. These findings shed new light on the regulation of Pro biosynthesis in plants and the role of Pro in reducing oxidative stress induced by osmotic stress, in addition to its accepted role as an osmolyte.
A Pinhole Camera for Radiation Research in Dentistry

The design and theory of a pinhole camera that produces simultaneously radiographs and photographs of any object which emits x radiation and reflects visible light are described. Such a camera is useful for radiation research in dentistry because both the patient and the x-ray apparatus emit x radiation and reflect visible light while the patient is examined with x rays. The factors controlling time of exposure, size, and sharpness of the image are presented mathematically. Photographs and radiographs that were produced simultaneously of dental subjects are illustrated. Satisfactory photographs were made with the pinhole camera with exposures ranging between 35 to 60 min. Radiographic exposures made with radiation generated with 90 kvp ranged between 1500 and 4500 ma-sec. (H.H.D.)
Addressing Cu/Low- $k$ Dielectric TDDB-Reliability Challenges for Advanced CMOS Technologies

Low-k dielectrics, which are beneficial for chip resistance-capacitance (RC) delay improvement, crosstalk-noise minimization, and power-dissipation reduction, are indispensable for the continuous scaling of advanced VLSI circuits, particularly that of high-performance logic circuits. In this paper, several critical challenges for Cu/low-k time-dependent dielectric-breakdown (TDDB)-reliability qualification will be reviewed. First, a low-k TDDB field-acceleration model and its determination will be discussed. Second, the macroscopic interconnect line-to-line spacing variation across the wafer and the microscopic line-to-line spacing nonuniformity induced by line-edge roughness within the same test structure and their impacts on low- k TDDB reliability will be carefully examined. The Weibull shape-parameter dependence on applied stress voltage due to such global and local spacing variations will be analyzed. Finally, the moisture effect on low-k TDDB and capacitance stability as an example of the impact from process integration will be reported, demonstrating that low-k TDDB is sensitive to back-end-of-the-line integration.
Indefinite Delivery-Indefinite Quantity Contracting

Indefinite delivery-indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contracts permit a transportation agency to award multiple job orders to a single contractor or a small group of competing contractors; this method eliminates the need to conduct a full procurement for every small construction or maintenance project. During the past few years, this procurement method has been increasingly accepted by state and municipal agencies. However, little research has been conducted to provide guidance on this powerful procurement tool. On the basis of a detailed case study analysis, this paper discusses four models for IDIQ contracting in use by three state departments of transportation and FHWA's Central Federal Lands Highway Division, Lakewood, Colorado. The analysis revealed that, regardless of the model in use, agency IDIQ project managers believed that the method accelerated the project delivery period, reduced preconstruction costs, and provided for flexible delivery scheduling. The use of multiple-award IDIQ contracts was also ...
Coracoid Process Transfer for Recurrent Instability of the Shoulder: A Critical Analysis Review.

Shoulder instability is most commonly seen in young athletes and may require operative treatment to prevent recurrent dislocations. Successful surgical treatment of shoulder instability depends on an awareness of various factors that can affect outcome, such as soft-tissue and osseous changes, the length of time since the injury, previous operations, and compliance with postoperative guidelines1. The prevalence of recurrent instability after operative treatment has been reported to range from 8% to 18%2. One of the reasons for such a recurrence is glenoid bone loss3. Arthroscopic labral repair for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability associated with substantial osseous defects has been shown to have variable results, and additional procedures may be needed2,4. Osseous defects can be categorized as either an acute glenoid fracture or a glenoid bone defect due to attrition3. Glenoid defects associated with recurrent instability can be divided into three groups: type I (displaced avulsion fracture), type …
The effect of varying the Cu/Au ratio on the thermal-cycle fatigue life of 95/5 PbSn bumps

The MICRO SWITCH Division of Honeywell adopted the IBM C4 flip chip die attach method for its underhood automotive applications in the mid to late 1970's. There has been a gradual increase in the reliability of IC-ceramic solder joints. This experiment shows the effect of the interface metallurgy on the thermal-cycle fatigue life of C4 technology. Samples are manufactured using a standard industry technique first pioneered by IBM. Included are results from initial experimentation on post processed bump limiting metallurgy (BLM), and mechanical data on two different sizes of IC with the variation of gold thickness. Assemblies were exposed to a thermal-cycle temperature range of -40/spl deg/C to 150/spl deg/C. In the initial tests, half of each wafer is placed in 1/1 concentrated H/sub 2/O/sub 2//Acetic to remove the PbSn bump and expose the BLM. The etched samples are SEM/EDS analyzed for interfacial constituents. A comparison of the interface morphologies and the thermal-cycle fatigue life are shown. These results show that for extended thermal-cycle life times (>1000) that the Cu thickness of 1.2 /spl mu/m and an Au thickness of 0.08 /spl mu/m which is reduced from the initial 0.15 /spl mu/m of our standard process is optimal. This is due to the reduced Au incorporation in the copper-tin intermetallic which produces an increase in the fatigue life and strength of the joints.
Algorithms for satisfiability problems in linear integer arithmetic logic

Recent advances in solving propositional satisfiability problems (SAT) have extended their applications to several domains including design verification and synthesis, program analysis, scheduling and temporal reasoning. Current methods for solving these problems mostly suffer from poor scalability especially when more expressive atoms from different theories are involved. In such cases methods such as abstraction or bit-vector conversion are adopted to translate the problem into a Boolean formula to be solved by a SAT solver. This conversion considerably affects the efficiency of the overall process. Nonetheless, the capability of SAT algorithms to solve large problems with tens of thousand of constraints over thousands of Boolean variables has brought them into the spotlight to be used for solving problems involving combination of different theories including linear and non-linear arithmetic. In this work, we present new scalable SAT-based algorithms for solving first-order linear integer arithmetic logic. We address problems involving arithmetic operations over Boolean variables (the so-called Pseudo-Boolean problems) as well as first-order formulas involving arithmetic operations over integer variables (the so-called Satisfiability Modulo Theories problems). In the latter case, we incorporate theory solvers for the conjunctions of "cheap" linear integer constraints, i.e. equalities and two-variable inequalities, within the SAT solver. These theory solvers are tightly but gradually integrated into the SAT solver and the problem is modeled such that the SAT solver is maximally utilized in order to leverage its power and efficiency. To curb the cost of processing "hard" constraints, i.e. general linear integer constraints, a subset of them are only added to the problem when/if the satisfiability of the rest of the problem is established. We also develop a set of algorithms to optimize the overall process taking into account special structures of the problems arising from design verification applications. These methods, implemented in our two solvers, Pueblo and Ario, have been applied to several problems in software verification, electronic design automation (EDA) and scheduling. In this work, we describe some of these applications and present advantages of our method in a few of them, mainly in hardware and software verification and temporal reasoning.
Discussion of “How to Have Sustainable Transportation without Making People Drive Less or Give Up Suburban Living” by Mark Delucchi and Kenneth S. Kurani

Motorized automobility and suburban living are not only highly valued but are also associated with a range of serious social problems, including deaths and injuries of motor-vehicle users and nonusers, roadway congestion, air pollution, dependence on insecure oil supplies, community fragmentation, and climate change. However, these problems, which make the present transportation and land-use system unsustainable, are not necessary consequences of automobility and suburban living per se, but rather are attributable mainly to the high kinetic energy of fast, heavy-motor vehicles (FHVs). Therefore, the challenge in creating a sustainable transportation and land-use system is to dramatically lower the kinetic energy of personal travel while retaining the advantages of personal motorized automobility and low-density development. The authors' approach is to redefine the technical artifact that is the conventional automobile and create two autonomous and universally accessible travel networks at a citywide scale: one for FHVs, the other for low-speed, low-mass modes including walking, cycling, and a new class of motor vehicles. In this paper, the authors motivate the need for this new urban-settlement and transportation-infrastructure scheme (USATIS), describe its design principles and features, review aspects of it in the literature and in the real world, present analyses covering a wide range of sustainability criteria—safety, mobility, congestion, environmental and energy-use impacts, urban aesthetics and community fragmentation, and economics—and discuss challenges for implementation and future research. The authors conclude that their USATIS does have the potential to support sustainable transportation without making people drive less or give up suburban living, but that before practical implementation plans can be considered, more research needs to be done on how people will adapt to the opportunities and constraints in the proposal.
Oral Pemphigus Vulgaris in Pregnancy

J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2015;37(11):951 A 33-year-old woman with chronic pemphigus vulgaris (PV) had previously received systemic immunosuppressive therapy, including prednisone, mycophenolate mofetil, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rituximab, for cutaneous, genital, and oral lesions associated with her condition. Before pregnancy, her maxillary and mandibular gingiva showed mild erythema while using topical clobetasol gel 0.05% up to two times daily (Figure 1). At 24 weeks’ gestation, the patient reported significant exacerbation of her oral lesions without cutaneous or genital involvement. On examination she had intensely erythematous maxillary and mandibular gingiva with epithelial desquamation (Figure 2). She continued to use topical clobetasol gel 0.05% for management of oral PV lesions.
Behandlungsrezidiv und ein neuer korrektiver Therapieansatz bei Juveniler Idiopathischer Arthritis – 2 Fallberichte

Die Behandlungsverlaufe zweier Patientinnen mit juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis werden dargestellt. Die Mechanismen des Rezidiv-Verlaufes werden untersucht und ein neues kombiniert kieferorthopadisch-kieferchirurgisches Prozedere vorgestellt.
Operating Situation of All-Dielectric Self-Supporting Optical Cables in China and Measures for Its Anti-Electro-Corrosion

As to the operation of ADSS optical cables the main problem is the damage caused by electro-corrosion,therefore an investigation on optical cable operation is made and it is discovered that the operation situation of ADSS optical cable is closely related to meteorological condition and contamination extent of the environment,e.g.,the ADSS optical cable,which is installed on 220kV transmission lines within three provinces in northeast China,operates well,but the ADSS optical cable,which is installed on 220kV transmission lines within the coastland along the Bohai Bay where is the heavy contaminative area,is severely electro-corroded.The ADSS optical cables installed on 110kV and lower transmission lines commonly operate well.The reasons causing electro-corrosion is as follows: pool electro erosion-resisting material of the plastic damper,too short distance between the hardware of optical cable and the plastic damper,improper selection of the suspending point of the optical cable and the quality problem of the optical cable.Following measures can be used to resist the electro-corrosion of optical cable: using plastic damper instead of vibration damper;adopting corona ring on 220kV power lines;mending the corroded shell of optical cable;introducing silicon rubber insulator in series between the tower and hardware,etc.In addition,the author suggests that it is not appropriate for 110kV transmission lines to widely adopt the OPGW,and the ADSS optical cable is more suitable.
Making objects graspable in confined environments through push and pull manipulation with a tool

Grasping objects in confined environments, such as shelves, fridges, or drawers, is challenging due to the difficulty of avoiding gripper and arm collisions with the surfaces surrounding the object. In this paper we explore the use of a tool to reconfigure objects in such environments so as to make them graspable. The proposed tool has a simple form that allows it to be used in confined environments and a high friction tool tip that enables not only pushing objects but also pulling them. Our approach involves learning predictive models of pre-defined object-directed tool actions from experience. For each action, we train a multi-modal regressor that maps the initial state of an object to changes in that state, such that future states of the object can be estimated. These allow the robot to choose a sequence of tool actions that yield graspable configurations. We demonstrate that our approach enables a PR2 robot to grasp five different objects from different, initially ungraspable, configurations on a shelf.
Involving Physicians in Clinical Pathways: An Example for Perioperative Knee Arthroplasty

Article-at-a-Glance Background At Stanford University Hospital, attempts to improve the case management program led to the development of clinical paths, a multidisciplinary case management tool. Successful design and implementation of clinical paths depend on physician leadership. However, since physicians are trained to function independently and to treat each clinical problem as unique, they tend to resist attempts to have them follow clinical paths. Strategies to get physicians who perform the same clinical procedure to agree with each other on a sequence of common interventions had to be developed. Clinical paths define the expected processes of care and therefore allow for the introduction of continuous quality improvement (CQI) into the clinical arena. A structure had to be developed for the effective use of pathways in a CQI framework, and physicians had to be encouraged to function as CQI leaders. Example Description of the design of a perioperative knee arthroplasty pathway demonstrates the steps needed for successful physician involvement in pathway design and its integration into clinical CQI. Conclusions With sensitive facilitation, physicians can become productive leaders of the design of clinical paths, and when they learn the benefits of improved efficiency, outcomes, and costs their involvement becomes self-sustaining. A quality improvement group led by physicians to develop the pathway after implementation can mark the beginning of clinical CQI implementation.
Classroom Journal Club: Collaborative Study of Contemporary Primary Literature in the Biomechanics Classroom

Current engineering pedagogy primarily focuses on developing technical proficiency and problem solving skills; the peer-review process for sharing new research results is often overlooked. The use of a collaborative classroom journal club can engage students with the excitement of scientific discovery and the process of dissemination of research results, which are also important lifelong learning skills. In this work, a classroom journal club was implemented and a survey of student perceptions spanning three student cohorts was collected. In this collaborative learning activity, students regularly chose and discussed a recent biomechanics journal article, and were assessed based on specific, individual preparation tasks. Most student-chosen journal articles were relevant to topics discussed in the regular class lecture. Surveys assessed student perceptions of the activity. The survey responses show that, across all cohorts, students both enjoyed the classroom journal club and recognized it as an important learning experience. Many reported discussing their journal articles with others outside of the classroom, indicating good engagement. The results demonstrate that student engagement with primary literature can foster both technical knowledge and lifelong learning skills.
HSV-Mediated Transgene Expression of Chimeric Constructs to Study Behavioral Function of GPCR Heteromers in Mice.

The heteromeric receptor complex between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 has been implicated in some of the behavioral phenotypes in mouse models of psychosis1,2. Consequently, investigation of structural details of the interaction between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 affecting schizophrenia-related behaviors represents a powerful translational tool. As previously shown, the head-twitch response (HTR) in mice is elicited by hallucinogenic drugs and this behavioral response is absent in 5-HT2A knockout (KO) mice3,4. Additionally, by conditionally expressing the 5-HT2A receptor only in cortex, it was demonstrated that 5-HT2A receptor-dependent signaling pathways on cortical pyramidal neurons are sufficient to elicit head-twitch behavior in response to hallucinogenic drugs3. Finally, it has been shown that the head-twitch behavioral response induced by the hallucinogens DOI and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is significantly decreased in mGlu2-KO mice5. These findings suggest that mGlu2 is at least in part necessary for the 5-HT2A receptor-dependent psychosis-like behavioral effects induced by LSD-like drugs. However, this does not provide evidence as to whether the 5-HT2A-mGlu2 receptor complex is necessary for this behavioral phenotype. To address this question, herpes simplex virus (HSV) constructs to express either mGlu2 or mGlu2ΔTM4N (mGlu2/mGlu3 chimeric construct that does not form the 5-HT2A-mGlu2 receptor complex) in the frontal cortex of mGlu2-KO mice were used to examine whether this GPCR heteromeric complex is needed for the behavioral effects induced by LSD-like drugs6.
Abstract 1752: Dietary fat intake during adolescence and breast density among young women

BACKGROUND: Lack of association between fat intake and breast cancer risk in cohort studies might be attributed to disregard of temporal effects during adolescence when breasts develop and are particularly sensitive to stimuli. We prospectively examined associations between adolescent fat intakes and breast density. METHOD: Among 177 women who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children, dietary intakes at ages 10-18 were assessed on five occasions by 24-hour recalls and averaged. We calculated geometric mean and 95% confidence intervals for MRI-measured breast density at ages 25-29 across quartiles of fat intake using linear mixed-effect regression. RESULTS: Comparing women in the extreme quartiles of adolescent fat intakes, percent dense breast volume (%DBV) was positively associated with saturated fat (mean = 16.4% vs. 21.5%; P trend trend trend : trend = 0.04), long-chain omega-3 fat (17.8% vs. 15.8%; P trend trend CONCLUSIONS: In our study, adolescent intakes of higher saturated fat and lower mono- and polyunsaturated fat are associated with higher breast density measured approximately 15 years later. IMPACT: The fat subtype composition in adolescent diet may be important in early breast cancer prevention. Citation Format: Seungyoun Jung. Dietary fat intake during adolescence and breast density among young women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1752.
Provisions for Good Decision Making

This chapter examines ways that facilities have designed protocols to improve the process of clinical decision making. Decision-making protocols vary greatly in scope and format. Some address only decisions to withhold CPR; newer protocols address a variety of treatment issues. Some propose ethical principles but do not propose procedures to improve the decision-making encounter with patients or families (Halligan & Hamel, 1985; Van Eys et al., 1986). Some emphasize the role of health professional’s compassion, respect for life, and beneficence in decision making (Van Eys et al., 1986); others emphasize a patients’ rights view of decision making (American Hospital Association, 1973; Hoyt and Davies, 1986; State of Minnesota, 1974).
Romancing the Dude Ranch, 1926–1947

Early twentieth-century dude ranches provided upper-class eastern men and women beset by social change with the living memorialization of an imagined past—a frontier fantasy of patriarchal family life. This strategically anachronistic landscape emboldened dudes to transgress the restraints of gender and class, most noticeably through the dudine-wrangler romance.
Influence of Processing on Nutrients in Foods

Considerable research effort has been devoted to the effect of processing on nutrients in foods. Yet only recently has a systematic approach been used to identify changes in processes which result in improved nutritional content of the product. The catalyst for this systematic approach has been the generation of kinetic data on the influence of environmental factors on the stability of nutrients which can then be used in process models. The effort to quantify reactions important in foods must continue for both nutrients and toxic constituents, but because of limited resources, we should conscientiously choose which environmental factors and which nutrients or toxic substances will be studied. The example of improving nutrient retention in canned foods by choice of time/temperature treatment and by changing geometry is used to illustrate the application of modeling. Additional research effort is warranted on the effect of water activity on nutrient stability, the generation of toxic substances during processing and the bioavailability of nutrients as influenced by processing.
Toxic gas sensing on nanoporous carbons

Activated carbons, either synthetic, developed in our laboratory, or commercial were prepared or further modified, in order to introduce specific heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur to their matrix. Chips with thin layers of active materials were prepared and used for ammonia or hydrogen sulfide sensing. They showed high sensitivity and their response was selective. They also responded linearly to changes in various ammonia concentrations. The incorporation of specific heteroatoms to the carbons matrices was an effective means to control the type of the charge carriers, and thus the electronic and transport properties. Depending on the specific chemical arrangement of heteroatoms, materials exhibiting n- or p-type conduction were obtained. Pyridines and nitropyridines played an important role. A small amount of ammonia was oxidized to NO2 on the surface of sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbons, due to their ability to generate superoxide ions. When adsorbed in the pore system of the carbons, it affected the electrical signal due to an increase in the population of holes as charge carriers. The synergistic effect between the heteroatoms greatly enhanced the electrical response of the chips. The mechanism governing the reversible sensing involved several processes, including specific interactions between NH3 and surface functional groups, pore-filling with NH3/NO2, and electron–hole conductivity. The structural and chemical features of the carbons were found to act either synergistically or competitively. Surface acidity, by enhancing the affinity of the carbons towards NH3 adsorption, contributed to an ammonia selective detection.
Charge and spin transport on graphene grain boundaries in a quantizing magnetic field

We study charge and spin transport along grain boundaries in single layer graphene in the presence of a quantizing perpendicular magnetic field. Transport states in a grain boundary are produced by the hybridization of Landau zero modes with interfacial states. In selected energy regimes quantum Hall edge states can be deflected either fully or partially into grain boundary states. The degree of edge state deflection is studied in the nonlocal conductance and in the shot noise. We also consider the possibility of grain boundaries as gate-switchable spin filters, a functionality enabled by counterpropagating transport channels laterally confined in the grain boundary.
Mujeres afectadas por cáncer de mama-Recomendaciones para el seguimiento

Breast cancer incidence has increased, while its mortality has decreased; almost nine out of ten women survive five years after the diagnosis. With a clinical history and physical exam, survivors are evaluated for recurrences, new malignancies, and late effects of its treatment. Asymptomatic survivors do not need to be evaluated for recurrences, but education about healthy lifestyles is necessary.
Elastic properties and short-range structural order in mixed network former glasses

Elastic properties of alkali containing glasses are of great interest not only because they provide information about overall structural integrity but also they are related to other properties such as thermal conductivity and ion mobility. In this study, we investigate two mixed-network former glass systems, sodium borosilicate 0.2Na2O + 0.8[xBO1.5 + (1 − x)SiO2] and sodium borogermanate 0.2Na2O + 0.8[xBO1.5 + (1 − x)GeO2] glasses. By mixing network formers, the network topology can be changed while keeping the network modifier concentration constant, which allows for the effect of network structure on elastic properties to be analyzed over a wide parametric range. In addition to non-linear, non-additive mixed-glass former effects, maxima are observed in longitudinal, shear and Young's moduli with increasing atomic number density. By combining results from NMR spectroscopy and Brillouin light scattering with a newly developed statistical thermodynamic reaction equilibrium model, it is possible to determine the relative proportions of all network structural units. This new analysis reveals that the structural characteristic predominantly responsible for effective mechanical load transmission in these glasses is a high density of network cations coordinated by four or more bridging oxygens, as it provides for establishing a network of covalent bonds among these cations with connectivity in three dimensions.
Operator Trigonometry of Linear Systems

Abstract Operator trigonometry, which originated in problems of functional analysis in the late 1960's, is applied to iterative methods for the solution of linear systems Ax = b. The operator trigonometry provides a new theory for the understanding and analysis of such methods. For example, the famous Kantorovich error bound for gradient algorithms is now seen to be inherently trigonometric. The basic Richardson scheme also turns out to be fundamentally trigonometric. Stability of control is also seen trigonometrically.
Large sublattices in subsets of Banach lattices

A classical problem (initially studied by N. Kalton and A. Wilansky) concerns finding closed infinite dimensional subspaces of X / Y, where Y is a subspace of a Banach space X. We study the Banach lattice analogue of this question. For a Banach lattice X, we prove that X / Y contains a closed infinite dimensional sublattice under the following conditions: either (i) Y is a closed infinite codimensional subspace of X, and X is either order continuous or a C(K) space, where K is a compact subset of \({\mathbb {R}}^n\); or (ii) Y is the range of a compact operator.
Evaluation of metrics in hybrid multichannel multiradio wireless mesh networks for multiple dynamic channel interfaces

A major problem in Wireless Mesh Network is capacity decrease due to wireless interference. A wireless mesh router with multiple routers and channels is capable of reducing network interference. Static channel allocation and dynamic channel allocation are types of channel allocation. Adaptive Dynamic Channel Allocation protocol (ADCA) is dynamic channel allocation protocol which decreases the packet delay without degrading the network throughput. The hybrid architecture shows much preferred adaptivity to changing traffic over absolutely static scheme without increasing in overhead, and attains to lower delay than existing methodologies for hybrid networks. In addition, we have used an Interference and Congestion Aware Routing protocol (ICAR) in the hybrid network which achieves load balancing in the channel usage. Our simulation results show that compared to previous works, ADCA reduces the packet delay considerably without degrading the network throughput. Current hybrid implementation utilizes multiple static interfaces but only single dynamic interface. In this paper, we have implemented a novel scheme which utilized two dynamic interfaces along with two static interfaces so the performance of existing system has boosted. Our system have attain higher throughput and lessen the packet delay than existing system. We have compared our system performance with existing static and hybrid systems.
Socialization through Recreation

(1930). Socialization through Recreation. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 1, No. 9, pp. 8-57.
Gideon Incarcerated: Access to Counsel in Pre-Trial Detention

As the population of incarcerated persons has swelled in local, state, and federal facilities around the country, the infrastructure supporting the attorney-client relationship is under increasing stress. The result is an array of new cases about the difficulties of lawyering in jails and prisons. These cases challenge the lack of private space for legal visits, reductions in visiting hours, remote carceral placements, interference with legal mail, and monitoring of legal phone calls and legal email. Despite (or perhaps because of) these mounting challenges, many courts have become less receptive to Sixth Amendment claims from people behind bars, putting the right to counsel at risk. This Article traces the hidden ways in which mass incarceration has worked to degrade the right to counsel, both in fact and in law, for incarcerated criminal defendants. It then proposes possibilities for reinvigorating the Sixth Amendment’s protections for incarcerated defendants, through intersecting strategies for regulation and structural litigation, with the ultimate goal of breaking our national reliance on pretrial detention. Building on a 50-state survey of the jail standards governing the attorney-client relationship, the Article illustrates how the Sixth Amendment’s protections are currently understood by those who must facilitate them, and then proposes a new litigation strategy to catalyze reform.
Helping patients overcome their fear of mammography.

Research shows that between 50% and 60% of U.S. women do not follow established guidelines on mammography. This article examines some of the reasons women cite for not undergoing the examination. These reasons include cost, absence of breast cancer symptoms and lack of family history of breast cancer. Women also express fear of breast compression, radiation and an unfavorable diagnosis. These fears are a challenge to the professional mammographer, because imaging an uncooperative or apprehensive patient may result in suboptimal films or repeats. This article suggests ways mammographers can help alleviate patient fears and establish a rapport that will make the examination a more pleasant and informative experience.
The Communist Manifestoes: media of Marxism and Bolshevik contagion in America

The Communist Manifesto—rhetorical masterpiece of proletarian revolution—was published 69 years before the Bolshevik Revolution and had a complex reception history that implicated America and Russia in the long interval between. But once the Revolution shook the world, the Manifesto became indissolubly tied to it, forged together as constitutive moments of some supratemporal revolutionary dynamic. Its subsequent and further reception in America bore the marks of Bolshevik contagion, negatively in many quarters, positively in the early American communist movement. As various communist parties morphed and multiplied in the 1910s and 1920s, they announced themselves in manifestoes—communist manifestoes that in form and content followed and kept centrally in view the original of 1848. This essay explores the symbioses and synergies between the Manifesto, its Anglophone reception in America, and the Bolshevik contagion that spread into an emergent medium, namely, the manifestoes of American communist parties that heralded the revolution in Russia, a century ago.
Predictability of a Physically Based Model for Rainfall-induced Shallow Landslides: Model Development and Case Studies

A cost-effective physical model (SLope-Infiltration-distributed Equilibrium—SLIDE) has been developed to identify the spatial and temporal occurrences of rainfall-induced landslides, employing a range of remotely sensed and in situ data. The main feature of SLIDE is that it takes into account of some simplified hypotheses on water infiltration and defines a direct relationship between the factor of safety and the rainfall depth on an infinite slope model. This prototype has been applied to two case studies in Indonesia and Honduras during heavy rainfall events brought by typhoon and hurricane, respectively. Simulation results from SLIDE demonstrated good skills in predicting rainfall-induced shallow landslides by assimilating the most important dynamic triggering factor (i.e., rainfall) quantitatively. The model’s prediction performance also suggested that SLIDE could serve as a potential tool for the future landslide early-warning system. Despite positive model performance, the SLIDE model is limited by several assumptions including using general parameter calibration rather than in situ tests and neglecting geotechnical information and some of the hydrological processes in deep soil layers. Advantages and limitations of this physically based model are also discussed with respect to future applications of landslide assessment and prediction over large scales.
Abstract IA05: Research addressing cervical cancer disparities: Progress, challenges, and opportunities

In 2007, disparities in cervical cancer incidence and mortality were evident among black vs white women, Hispanic vs non-Hispanic women, and rural vs non-rural women. Reasons for these disparities include lack of Pap testing, inappropriate follow-up after an abnormal test, and high rates of infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). In 2017, these disparities still exist. While early detection tests for cervical cancer have been available since the late 1950s, prevention of cervical cancer began with the identification of HPV as a necessary cause for cervical cancer and the subsequent development, testing, and approval of the HPV vaccine in 2006 for girls and 2011 for boys. Uptake of the vaccine in age-eligible girls and boys has been slow in the US, with better uptake--and a complementary reduction in HPV infection and preinvasive cervical abnormalities--in other countries such as Australia, the United Kingdom, and Rwanda. Screening guidelines have been updated to focus on more appropriate age and cotesting with HPV cytology. Challenges are apparent in assuring that rates of uptake of the vaccine series approach the 80% threshold set by the CDC for all populations. Moreover, rates of appropriate screening--including the new guidelines for cotesting--are challenging to maintain, as there is confusion regarding these guidelines among both patients and providers. Appropriate follow-up after an abnormal Pap test remains a problem, with lower follow-up among minority, low-income, and rural populations. There are many opportunities for increasing the uptake of the HPV vaccine series, appropriate screening, and prompt and proper follow-up of abnormalities in populations experiencing disparities. Several areas of investigation show promise and deserve further exploration. These include: one vs two/three doses of the HPV vaccine; HPV self-testing strategies to increase adherence to screening; and use of “see and treat” strategies to assure follow-up and treatment of cervical abnormalities in low-resource settings. In addition, creative and culturally appropriate multilevel intervention approaches should be tested to increase adherence in populations suffering from disparities. Strategies to increase adherence to HPV vaccine series, screening, and follow-up recommendations can make a significant reduction in cervical cancer incidence and mortality disparities. Citation Format: Electra D. Paskett. Research addressing cervical cancer disparities: Progress, challenges, and opportunities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA05.