cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
City Of Sisterly And Brotherly Loves: Lesbian And Gay Philadelphia, 1945-1972

In this history, Marc Stein takes an in-depth look at Philadelphia from the 1940s to the 1970s. What he finds is a city of vibrant gay and lesbian households, neighbourhoods, commercial establishments, public cultures and political groups. In doing so, Stein shatters the myth that lesbian and gay history began with the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York City and challenge the notion that only New York and San Francisco featured major lesbian and gay communities in the pre-Stonewall era. Stein takes us on a tour through Philadelphia's bars, restaurants, bookstores, bathhouses, movie theatres, parks and parades where lesbian and gay cultures thrived. We learn about the scientific experts, religious leaders, public officials and journalists who attacked and ignored same-sex sexualities. And we read about the courageous people who fought back with strategies of everyday resistance and organized political activism. Stein argues against the idea that a conspiracy of silence surrounded gays and lesbians in the 1940s and 1950s. He shows that same-sex sexualities were regularly discussed in controversies concerning the tennis player Big Bill Tilden, the Walt Whitman Bridge, sex murders and crimes, and police raids. Philadelphians became national leaders in the gay and lesbian movement. They conducted sit-ins at Dewey's restaurant, organized pickets at Independence Hall, edited the movement's most widely circulated publications, the "Ladder" and "Drum", and pursued court cases all the way to the US Supreme Court. Stein's book not only provides a new starting place for thinking about lesbian and gay history but also challenges readers to rethink 20th-century urban history.
Bank failure, risk, and capital regulation

This paper examines the effect of capital regulation on bank risk. It is shown that an increase in the capital-to-asset ratio reduces the riskiness of a bank's equity capital. Nevertheless, the probability of bank failure increases. The reason for this result is that the probability of bank failure depends upon both the risk and return of the asset portfolio. An increase in the capital requirement results in an optimal portfolio with a risk-return combination that has a higher probability of bank failure.
The temperature dependence of the dielectric constants of alkanols

Abstract The dielectric constants of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, and n-pentanol measured between 0 and 50°C are reported. The data were obtained from low-frequency measurements, using a transformer ratio-arm bridge and a fully shielded and guarded three-terminal capacitance cell. Our results agree closely with recently published functions obtained by fitting the most precise data from the literature, and at least in the case of pentanol may afford even better accuracy.
A hypothesis regarding vascular acoustic emission accompanying arterial injury induced by balloon angioplasty

Stress induced structural damage is often accompanied by sound release. This behavior is known as acoustic emission (AE). We hypothesize that vascular injury such as that produced by balloon angioplasty is associated with AE. Postmortem human peripheral arterial specimens were randomly partitioned into test (n=10) and control segments (n=10). Test segments were inserted into a pressurization circuit and subjected to two consecutive hydrostatic pressurizations. Amplitude, frequency, and energy content of the AE signals released during pressurization were quantified. Test and matched control segments subsequently underwent identical histological processing. Pressure-induced tissue trauma was estimated via computerized histomor-phometric analysis of the resulting slides (n=100). Vascular acoustic emission (VAE) signals exhibited an amplitude range of ±5.0 μbars and were observed to occur during periods of increasing intraluminal pressure. The VAE signal power within the monitored bandwidth was concentrated below 350 Hz. More than 25 times as much VAE energy was released during the first pressurization as during the second: 1,855±513.8 mJvs. 73±44.9 mJ (mean±SEM,p<0.006). Estimates of circumferential intimal wall stress at AE onset averaged 170 kPa, slightly below reported values of arterial tissue rupture strength. Histomorphometric estimates of tissue trauma was greater for the test than their matched control segments (p<0.0001). These preliminary data suggest that detectable acoustic energy is released by vascular tissue subjected to therapeutic stress levels. Histological analysis suggest that the underlying source of sound energy may be related to tissue trauma, independent of histological preparation artifacts. From this preliminary work, we conclude that VAE may be a fundamental property accompanying vascular tissue trauma, which may have applications to improving balloon angioplasty outcomes.
Middle Tertiary Extension Recorded by Lacustrine Fan-Delta Deposits, Plush Ranch Basin, Western Transverse Ranges, California

ABSTRACT The Plush Ranch Formation (upper Oligocene and lower Miocene) consists of more than 1800 m of nonmarine sedimentary and volcanic rocks that record the history of an extensional basin referred to here as the Plush Ranch basin. Distinctive depositional facies, provenance, and sediment transport directions along each basin margin suggest an asymmetric basin shape that is consistent with a half-graben origin. The northern basin margin consists of sandstone-dominated alluvial-plain deposits (0.1-1.5 m thick, normally graded, lenticular sandstone beds). Small deltaic sequences 1-2 m thick were formed where these alluvial systems flowed southward into a lake. Lenses of massive, boulder-rich granitic breccia that represent rockslide deposits derived from a nearby northern granitic provenance nterfinger with the alluvial-plain facies. In contrast to the northern margin, the southern basin margin is represented by coarse-grained fan-delta deposits. Matrix- and clast-supported lenticular conglomerate beds 0.2-5 m thick with interbedded trough-cross-bedded pebbly sandstone represent braided-stream and flood-flow and/or noncohesive debris-flow deposits of alluvial fans that drained a highland area to the south. The alluvial-fan deposits interfinger to the north with several types of subaqueous sediment-gravity-flow facies including turbidite sandstone beds and matrix-supported debris-flow conglomerate. Each of the basin-margin depositional systems grades basinward and to the east into lacustrine deposits that include organic-rich dark shale, evaporite, and limestone. The lacustrine deposits represent the central and eastern parts of the Plush Ranch basin, which received little coarse siliciclastic sediment. Basalt deposits that are at least 50 m thick in the west and thicken eastward are interbedded mainly with the lacustrine facies. The southern margin of the Plush Ranch basin formed along a north-dipping, normal-slip fault along which dip separation increased toward the southwest; the northern margin developed on the tilted hanging-wall block of this fault. This fault was later reactivated in post-middle Miocene time as the present left-lateral strike-slip Big Pine fault. The Plush Ranch is one of several extensional and transtensional basins that formed in southern California and western Arizona about 25-20 Ma as a response to the change from a convergent to a strikeslip tectonic regime along western North America.
Quantum Mechanical Rate Coefficients for the Cl + H2 Reaction

We present quantal reaction rate coefficients obtained from well-converged cumulative reaction probabilities calculated by an algebraic variational method for total angular momentum J in the range 0−6 and obtained from the separable-rotation approximation for J ≠ 6. These results are used to test variational transition state theory calculations with optimized multidimensional tunneling contributions and are compared to experiment.
Shear rigidity percolation in 2D solid-liquid composites

Shear rigidity percolation is studied on a simple square lattice where a fraction p of the area is filled by an elastic solid, and the rest by liquid. The presence of the liquid is shown to yield a new shear critical exponent \ensuremath{\tau} at the percolation threshold. Through finite-size scaling calculations the value of \ensuremath{\tau} is found to be 1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1, while similar calculations on solid-vacuum composites yield the 2D elastic critical exponent T=3.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2, in excellent agreement with prior results. The underlying physics of the solid-liquid rigidity percolation is discussed.
Dye dispersion in the surf zone: Measurements and simple models

Abstract To examine the spatial and temporal effect of low-volume land-based runoff on beach contamination, discrete batches of dye were released at the shoreline at three beaches in Santa Monica Bay in 2000 (Malibu Creek, Santa Monica Canyon and Pico–Kenter drain). Dye concentration was measured at the shoreline 25, 50 and 100 m alongshore from the dye release point for up to 40 min after dye release. The shoreline concentration time series are characterized either by approximately exponential decay in concentration after passage of the dye patch maximum concentration or by persistent low concentration up to 30 min after passage of the initial dye patch front. In the absence of detailed measurements of physical conditions, several simple advection–diffusion models are used to simulate shoreline concentration time series for an idealized surf zone in order to probe the roles of alongshore current shear and rip currents in producing the observed characteristics in dye concentration time series. Favorable qualitative and quantitative comparison of measured and simulated time series suggest alongshore current shear and rip currents play key roles in generating the observed characteristics of nearshore dye patch dispersion. The models demonstrate the potential effects of these flow features on the extent and duration of beach contamination owing to a continuous contamination source.
Imidazole Aminoaciduria in Cerebromacular Degeneration

Three families in which there are five patients with cerebromacular degeneration have been studied, and preliminary findings show that both the patients and some of the members of their immediate families have generalized imidazole aminoaciduria. The patients excrete large amounts of carnosine and anserine as well as histidine and 1-methyl histidine. The urinary defect appears to be transmitted as a dominant trait and the cerebromacular degeneration as a recessive trait. The fact that the two traits have been found in three unrelated families makes it likely that the two are manifestations of the same gene.
Blade source effect on laser in situ keratomileusis flap thickness with the Amadeus I microkeratome.

RESULTS: This study evaluated 424 eyes of 226 patients. Surepass blades were used in 238 eyes and ML7090 CLB blades in 186 eyes. There were no significant differences between the 2 blade groups in preoperative corneal thickness, sex, or cases with corneal thickness greater than 550 mm. Mean flap thickness and variance were significantly lower in the ML7090 CLB group than in the Surepass group (P<.0001). There were no significant differences in flap thickness in either group based onsex; however, inbothgroups,flap thicknesswassignificantly lower insecond eyes and in eyes with a preoperative thickness less than 550 m m( P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Amadeus I microkeratome created thinner, more consistent LASIK flaps with the ML7090 CLB blade than with the Surepass blade. Preoperative corneal thickness and eye sequence affected flap thickness, while sex did not. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008; 34:407–410 Q 2008 ASCRS and ESCRS
A brief summary of verification results for the spectral ocean wave model /SOWM/ by means of wave height measurements obtained by Geos 3

Significant wave heights calculated using a computer-based spectral ocean wave model (Pierson et al., 1966; Salfi, 1974; Lazanoff and Stevenson, 1975) from meteorological data have been compared with significant wave heights measured by Geos 3 for 44 orbit segments obtained during 1975 and 1976. The model specifications were found to be biased too low. Discrepancies between calculated and measured wave heights are also attributable to the poor specifications of the winds over the northern hemisphere oceans.
PKC-induced ERK1/2 interactions and downstream effectors in ovine cerebral arteries

Both protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) are involved in mediating vascular smooth muscle contraction. We tested the hypotheses that in addition to PKC activa...
Extent of surgical resection is independently associated with survival in patients with hemispheric infiltrating low-grade gliomas.

OBJECTIVE: It remains unknown whether the extent of surgical resection affects survival or disease progression in patients with supratentorial low-grade gliomas. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (n = 170) between 1996 and 2007 at a single institution to determine whether increasing extent of surgical resection was associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Surgical resection of gliomas defined as gross total resection (GTR) (complete resection of the preoperative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal abnormality), near total resection (NTR) (<3-mm thin residual fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal abnormality around the rim of the resection cavity only), or subtotal resection (STR) (residual nodular fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal abnormality) based on magnetic resonance imaging performed less than 48 hours after surgery. Our main outcome measures were OS, PFS, and malignant degeneration-free survival (conversion to high-grade glioma). RESULTS: One hundred thirty-two primary and 38 revision resections were performed for low-grade astrocytomas (n = 93) or oligodendrogliomas (n = 77). GTR, NTR, and STR were achieved in 65 (38%), 39 (23%), and 66 (39%) cases, respectively. GTR versus STR was independently associated with increased OS (hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.84; P = 0.017) and PFS (MR, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.98; P = 0.043) and a trend of increased malignant degeneration-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-1.03; P= 0.060). NTR versus STR was not independently associated with improved OS, PFS, or malignant degeneration-free survival. Five-year OS after GTR, NTR, and STR was 95, 80, 70%, respectively, and 10-year OS was 76, 57, and 49%, respectively. After GTR, NTR, and STR, median time to tumor progression was 7.0, 4.0, and 3.5 years, respectively. Median time to malignant degeneration after GTR, NTR, and STR was 12.5, 5.8, and 7 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: GTR was associated with a delay in tumor progression and malignant degeneration as well as improved OS independent of age, degree of disability, histological subtype, or revision versus primary resection. GTR should be safely attempted when not limited by eloquent cortex.
Reciprocal Linkage between Self-organizing Processes is Sufficient for Self-reproduction and Evolvability

A simple molecular system (“autocell”) is described consisting of the reciprocal linkage between an autocatalytic cycle and a self-assembling encapsulation process where the molecular constituents for the capsule are products of the autocatalysis. In a molecular environment sufficiently rich in the substrates, capsule growth will also occur with high predictability. Growth to closure will be most probable in the vicinity of the most prolific autocatalysis and will thus tend to spontaneously enclose supportive catalysts within the capsule interior. If subsequently disrupted in the presence of new substrates, the released components will initiate production of additional catalytic and capsule components that will spontaneously re-assemble into one or more autocell replicas, thereby reconstituting and sometimes reproducing the original. In a diverse molecular environment, cycles of disruption and enclosure will cause auto-cells to incidentally encapsulate other molecules as well as reactive substrates. To the extent that any captured molecule can be incorporated into the autocatalytic process by virtue of structural degeneracy of the catalytic binding sites, the altered autocell will incorporate the new type of component into subsequent replications. Such altered autocells will be progenitors of “lineages” with variant characteristics that will differentially propagate with respect to the availability of commonly required substrates. Autocells are susceptible to a limited form of evolution, capable of leading to more efficient, more environmentally fitted, and more complex forms. This provides a simple demonstration of the plausibility of open-ended reproduction and evolvability without self-replicating template molecules (e.g., nucleic acids) or maintenance of persistent nonequilibrium chemistry. This model identifies an intermediate domain between prebiotic and biotic systems and bridges the gap from nonequilibrium thermodynamics to life.
Macroeconomic influences on future agricultural prices in the European Community

Summary This paper contains a model of the agricultural price decision process in the European Community which is used to project target prices annually to 1990. The approach assumes a bargaining procedure among the member countries. Two constraints on price decisions are proposed: (i) individual countries disallow any price change that, in conjunction with expected green rate changes, leads to a nominal price decrease, and (ii) cost-cutting pressures from the Commission exclude price increases in any country which are greater than the previous year's inflation. These constraints, along with projected inflation rates, exchange rates, and green rates, define a band of feasable target price increases for each year up to 1990. The results suggest that in commodity markets characterized by a high degree of government intervention, government policies should be included as an integral part of the model rather than be considered exogenously. Second, for each member country, policies are conditioned not only by commodity markets, but also by macroeconomic influences, most notably differential rates of inflation and corresponding exchange rate movements.
Yeast Rpb9 Plays an Important Role in Ubiquitylation and Degradation of Rpb1 in Response to UV-Induced DNA Damage

Rpb9, a nonessential subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), has multiple transcription-related functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including transcription elongation and transcription-coupled repair (TCR). Here we show that, in response to UV radiation, Rpb9 also functions in promoting ubiquitylation and degradation of Rpb1, the largest subunit of Pol II. This function of Rpb9 is not affected by any pathways of nucleotide excision repair, including TCR mediated by Rpb9 itself and by Rad26. Rpb9 is composed of three distinct domains: the N-terminal Zn1, the C-terminal Zn2, and the central linker. The Zn2 domain, which is dispensable for transcription elongation and TCR functions, is essential for Rpb9 to promote Rpb1 degradation, whereas the Zn1 and linker domains, which are essential for transcription elongation and TCR functions, play a subsidiary role in Rpb1 degradation. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis suggests that almost the full length of Rpb9 is required for a strong interaction with the core Pol II: deletion of the Zn2 domain causes dramatically weakened interaction, whereas deletion of Zn1 and the linker resulted in undetectable interaction. Furthermore, we show that Rpb1, rather than the whole Pol II complex, is degraded in response to UV radiation and that the degradation is primarily mediated by the 26S proteasome.
DEFINITION OF A PREDICTION MODEL FOR DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF PROCESSING AND COMPOSITIONAL PARAMETERS ON THE TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FABRICATED SHRIMP

The designs of Scheffe [J. Royat Stat. Soc., Series B (1963) 25: 235], and of McLean and Anderson [Tochnometrics (1966) 8(3): 447] were used to study the effect of processing (mixing times and temperatures) and compositional (shrimp, isolated soy protein, NaCl, and sodium tripolyphosphate) parameters on the textural changes of fabricated shrimp. Prediction equations were developed to investigate the effect of those parameters on texfural changes of the cooked shrimp patties. There is not a significant interaction effect between the processing and compositional parameters. Mixing temperature has a greater effect on texture of cooked shrimp patties than does mixing time. The directional derivatives of the response surface and the contour plots were used to examine the compositional effects. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) causes the greatest change in response among components studied. The optimum level of NaCl for springiness is 2%, whereas the optimum level of STP is dependent upon the isolated soy protein (ISP) level. Springiness of cooked shrimp patties increases with increasing ISP and decreasing shrimp levels in the mixture. The calculated optimum processing and compositional parameters for fabricated shrimp texture were obtained by using a non-linear programming routine, and agree with the measured values. The designs and data analysis procedures can be used to develop accurate prediction models for the effect of processing and compositional parameters on textural characteristics of fabricated shrimp.
Size Dependent In-Vitro Heating With Polyethylene Glycol Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles represent a nanotechnology for the treatment of cancer as a result of the localized thermal gradients produced in response to an oscillating magnetic field. Using a sodium borohydride reduction of ferrous chloride in the presence of carboxyl terminated polyethylene glycol this study looks at the contribution of particle size to the achievable temperature using a 500 kHz excitation field. By magnetically separating the as-synthesized sample it was found that the smaller particles within the sample are more effective heating elements.
Progressive and regressive developmental changes in neural substrates for face processing: testing specific predictions of the Interactive Specialization account

Face processing undergoes a fairly protracted developmental time course but the neural underpinnings are not well understood. Prior fMRI studies have only examined progressive changes (i.e., increases in specialization in certain regions with age), which would be predicted by both the Interactive Specialization (IS) and maturational theories of neural development. To differentiate between these accounts, the present study also examined regressive changes (i.e., decreases in specialization in certain regions with age), which is predicted by the IS but not maturational account. The fMRI results show that both progressive and regressive changes occur, consistent with IS. Progressive changes mostly occurred in occipital-fusiform and inferior frontal cortex whereas regressive changes largely emerged in parietal and lateral temporal cortices. Moreover, inconsistent with the maturational account, all of the regions involved in face viewing in adults were active in children, with some regions already specialized for face processing by 5 years of age and other regions activated in children but not specifically for faces. Thus, neurodevelopment of face processing involves dynamic interactions among brain regions including age-related increases and decreases in specialization and the involvement of different regions at different ages. These results are more consistent with IS than maturational models of neural development.
Aerosols in central California: Unexpectedly large contribution of coarse mode to aerosol radiative forcing

[1] The majority of previous studies dealing with effect of coarse mode aerosols (supermicron) on the radiation budget have focused primarily on regions where total aerosol loadings are substantial. We reexamine this effect for a relatively clean area using a unique 1-month dataset collected during the recent Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES, June 2010) in the central California region near Sacramento. Here we define “clean” as aerosol optical depths less than 0.1 at 0.5μm. We demonstrate that coarse mode particles contributed substantially (more than 50%) and frequently (up to 85% of time) to the total aerosol volume during this study. In contrast to conventional expectations that the radiative impact of coarse mode aerosols should be small for clean regions, we find that neglecting large particles may lead to significant overestimation, up to 45%, of direct aerosol radiative forcing despite very small aerosol optical depths. Our findings highlight the potential for substantial impacts of coarse mode aerosols on radiative properties over clean areas and the need for more explicit inclusion of coarse mode aerosols in climate-related observational studies.
THE NATIONALIZATION OF PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS: AN EMPIRICAL MEASURE AND AN APPLICATION TO THE AMERICAS

Political parties and party systems exhibit widely varying degrees of nationalization, that is the extent to which a party receives similar levels of electoral support throughout the country. The level of party nationalization has a prominent effect on such important factors as the survival of democracy, the types of issues that dominate political competition, legislative behaviour and public policy. In spite of its importance, party nationalization has been neglected in the comparative politics literature. Our article makes two contributions. First, it provides a measure of party and party system nationalization, based on the Gini coefficient, that is superior for comparative analysis to those employed to date. Second, it utilizes these measures to analyse nationalization in 17 democracies in the Americas, the first time nationalization has been examined empirically outside the advanced industrial democracies. The measure underscores the widely varying degrees in nationalization across party systems, wit...
Distinctions in Pitcher Morphology and Prey Capture of the Okefenokee Variety within the Carnivorous Plant Species Sarracenia minor

Abstract Morphological differences in trapping mechanisms of carnivorous plants may be a response to selection pressure to reduce competition among species and even conspecifics. However, few studies have investigated whether variation in plant morphology is related to prey capture. Here, we measured height, peristome width, and outer-trichome density in pitchers of Sarracenia minor (Hooded Pitcher Plant) and its variety, S. minor var. okefenokeensis (S. m. var. okefenokeensis). In addition, we compared arthropod-prey contents of pitchers between the typical short form and the tall Okefenokee variety and across seasons and sampling locations. Similar to findings in previous studies, we found that S. minor was an ant specialist with no influence of season or location. In contrast, S. m. var. okefenokeensis had a more generalist diet, and prey content varied across season and location. Pitchers of S. m. var. okefenokeensis were also significantly larger in height and peristome width with fewer outer trichom...
Numerical studies of anchored sheet pile wall behavior constructed in cut and fill conditions

The construction of sheet pile walls may involve either excavation of soils in front or backfilling of soils behind the wall. These construction procedures generate different loading conditions in the soil and therefore different wall behavior should also be expected. The conventional methods, which are based on limit equilibrium approach, commonly used in the design of anchored sheet pile walls do not consider the method of construction. However, continuum mechanics numerical methods, such as finite element method, make it possible to incorporate the construction method during the analyses and design of sheet pile walls. The effect of wall construction type for varying soil conditions and wall heights were investigated using finite element modeling and analysis. The influence of construction method on soil behavior, wall deformations, wall bending moments, and anchor forces were investigated. The study results indicate that walls constructed by backfill method yield significantly higher bending moments and wall deformations. This paper presents the results of the numerical parametric study performed and comparative analyses of the anchored sheet pile walls constructed by different construction methods.
The ontogeny and distribution of countershading in colonies of the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber)

Most naked mole-rats Heterocephalus glaber are countershaded, with purple-grey dorsal but pale pink ventral skin. The exceptions to this coloration pattern are uniformly pink, and include newborn pups, most queens and breeding males, and very old animals. Countershading begins to appear at 2–3 weeks of age and begins to disappear at c. 7 years of age. Countershading may provide camouflage when young naked mole-rats are above ground attempting to disperse. Therefore, reproductives and older workers may lose this coloration once they are unlikely to leave the burrow. Alternative hypotheses for pigmentation that we considered include: thermoregulation, and protection from abrasion or from damaging ultraviolet radiation. These hypotheses are not necessarily mutually exclusive, but do lead to different predictions regarding the development of pigmentation and which colony members should be countershaded.
Oliver W. Holmes Revisited: Levels of Arrangement and Description in Practice

Oliver W. Holmes propounded the concept of archival levels of arrangement in his 1964 article, "Five Levels of Arrangement," which described practices at the National Archives. Over the years the concept has been elevated to a theoretical construct and has been extended to include description as well as arrangement. However, descriptive systems that actually apply the concepts of levels of arrangement and description have been few and far between. Neither standard reporting to the National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections nor the development of the MARC Archival and Manuscripts Control format have furthered the integration of description at differing levels. Holmes's levels seem to have had little impact on the development of automated archival systems. Has the theory been invalidated or just denied?
Alterations in intrauterine oxygen tension during the estrous cycle in the rat and hamster and its regulation by ovarian steroid hormones: a comparative study.

Previous studies have established that oxygen tension within the lumen of the uterus of the rat (Mitchell and Yochim, 1968a) and guinea pig (Garris and Mitchell, 1979) undergoes marked variation during the course of the normal estrous cycle. Such alterations are thought to result from the complex interplay of a number of physiologic and anatomic factors, including uterine blood flow, endometrial metabolism, and uterine structure. All of these determinants of intrauterine pO2 are directly influenced by fluctuations in endogenous ovarian steroid hormone levels. In order to gain further insight into the factors which regulate intrauterine oxygen tension, comparative studies have been undertaken in various species. The present report concerns observations made in the rat and hamster, specifically, the patterns of alteration in intrauterine pO2 observed during the normal estrous cycle and the effects of ovarian steroid deprivation and stimulation on oxygen tension within the lumen of the uterus.
Teacher Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices in Tier 1: A National Survey

Federal mandates more than a decade old require the use of evidence-based practices in schools, and an abundance of meta-analytic evidence for reading instruction exists; however, the long lamented...
Synthesis and Characterization of Solvothermal Processed Calcium Tungstate Nanomaterials from Alkoxide Precursors

An evaluation of calcium tungsten oxide (CaWO4) nanoparticles’ properties was conducted using the powders generated from an all-alkoxide solvothermal (SOLVO) route. The reaction involved a toluene/pyridine mixture of tungsten(V) ethoxide ([W(OEt)5]) with calcium bis(trimethyl silyl) amide ([Ca(N(Si(CH3)3)2]) modified in situ by a series of alcohols (H-OR) including neo-pentanol (H-OCH2C(CH3)3 or H-ONep) or sterically varied aryl alcohols (H-OC6H3R2-2,6 where R = CH3 (H-DMP), CH(CH3)2 (H-DIP), C(CH3)3 (DBP))]. Attempts to identify the intermediates generated from this series of reactions led to the crystallographic identification of [(OEt)4W(μ-OEt)2Ca(DBP)2] (1). Each different SOLVO generated “initial” powder was found by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to be nanomaterials roughly assigned as the scheelite phase (PDF 00-041-1431); however, these initial powders displayed no luminescent behavior as determined by photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Thermal process...
Investigating Workload Measures for Adaptive Training Systems

Adaptive training systems have the potential to be tremendously beneficial for both trainees and trainers. The greatest challenge in creating adaptive training systems is the development of methods...
Highly Selective CO2 Capture by Triazine-Based Benzimidazole-Linked Polymers

Triazine-based benzimidazole-linked polymers (TBILPs), TBILP-1 and TBILP-2, were synthesized by condensation reaction of 2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TFPT) with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetraamine tetrachloride (BTA) and 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexaaminotriptycene (HATT), respectively. The Ar sorption isotherms at 87 K revealed high surface areas for TBILP-1 (330 m2 g–1) and TBILP-2 (1080 m2 g–1). TBILP-2 adsorbed significantly high CO2 (5.19 mmol g–1/228 mg g–1) at 1 bar and 273 K. Initial slope selectivity calculations demonstrated that TBILP-1 has very high selectivity for CO2 over N2 (63) at 298 K, outperforming all triazine-based porous organic polymers reported to date. On the other hand, the larger surface area of TBILP-2 leads to relatively lower selectivity for CO2/N2 (40) and CO2/CH4 (7) at 298 K. TBILPs showed moderate isosteric heats of adsorption for CO2: TBILP-1 (35 kJ mol–1) and TBILP-2 (29 kJ mol–1) enabling high and reversible CO2 uptake at ambient temperature. In addition, TBILPs displayed pro...
The life cycle of Paramecium

On May 1, 1907, a culture of Paramecium aurelia (caudatum) was started with a “wild” individual from a laboratory aquarium, and since that time up to the present (May 20, 1908) it has been under daily observation. Hay infusion was employed as a culture medium during the first few months of the life of the culture, but later the culture medium has been constantly varied by employing water from different sources and to this water has been added any material which might be encountered in the natural habitat of Paramecium. In every case precautions have been taken to sterilize the infusion before using it in order to obviate the possibility of contaminating the culture by introducing a live cyst of a “wild” Paramecium. Conjugation has not been possible in the direct line of the culture because the individuals of the culture have been isolated almost daily.Under these conditions the culture has so far attained 490 generations. During the greater part of the year the average rate of division of the culture has ...
Frequency of infected aneurysms among patients in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals, 1986-1990: the role of Salmonella.

Patients with infected aneurysms discharged from Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals during fiscal years 1986 to 1990 were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes to determine the proportion of patients infected with Salmonella. Twenty-three patients with infected aneurysms were identified. All patients were males; the median age was 63 years. A Gram-positive organism was recovered from 16 patients (70%), a Gram-negative organism from 6 patients (26%), and a fungus from 1 patient. Three patients, all with aneurysms of the abdominal aorta, were infected with Salmonella. Overall, the vessels most often involved included arteries of the extremities (10 patients) and the abdominal or thoracic aorta (9 patients). An increased incidence of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in the United States during the last few decades, along with an aging of the U.S. population, suggests that Salmonella can be expected to maintain a niche in the bacteriology of infected aneurysms.
Inflammatory Pseudotumors of the Skull Base: Meta-Analysis.

ObjectiveTo describe the presentation, treatment, and outcome of inflammatory pseudotumors (IPs) of the skull base.Data SourcesEnglish-language articles in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE from earliest available through April 2014.Study SelectionArticles were identified using a keyword search for
Blockade of SK-Type Ca2+-Activated K+Channels Uncovers a Ca2+-Dependent Slow Afterdepolarization in Nigral Dopamine Neurons

Blockade of SK-type Ca2+-activated K+ channels uncovers a Ca2+-dependent slow afterdepolarization in nigral dopamine neurons. Sharp electrode current-clamp recording techniques were used to charact...
Detection of sepsis in the postoperative patient.

Sepsis is the leading cause of death in postoperative patients. Early detection, prior to development of multiple organ failure and septic shock, markedly improves survival. A high index of clinical suspicion, fortified by appropriate laboratory and radiographic examination, is key to the early diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection.
Decreased flow reserve in "stunned" myocardium after a 10-min coronary occlusion.

The effect of brief reversible ischemia on coronary vascular function remains controversial. Studies using a 15-min coronary occlusion have reported an impairment of vasodilator reserve, whereas studies using shorter occlusions have not. To elucidate the relation between postischemic vascular abnormalities and duration of ischemic insult, we evaluated coronary reserve after a 10-min coronary occlusion in the same model previously used for a 15-min occlusion. Open-chest dogs (n = 12) underwent a 10-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by reflow. Four hours after reperfusion, coronary resistance was higher in the postischemic “stunned” myocardium than in the nonischemic myocardium, both at rest and during adenosine-induced maximal vasodilation; in addition, all indexes of reactive hyperemia after a 40-s coronary occlusion were significantly lower than at baseline. There was no appreciable correlation between systolic wall thickening in the stunned myocardium and 1) the resting myocardial perfusion, 2) the hyperemia attained during adenosine, and 3) the hyperemic response to a 40-s coronary occlusion. The loss of coronary reserve was less than that previously observed after a 15-min occlusion, suggesting that the magnitude of the postischemic vascular abnormalities increases with the duration of the ischemic insult. In control dogs (n = 8), there was no change in coronary reserve. We conclude that a brief ischemic insult lasting only 10 min is sufficient to cause a prolonged increase in resting vascular resistance and a prolonged impairment in vasodilator responsiveness, both of which persist for at least 4 h, indicating the presence of a postischemic microvascular dysfunction. The severity of these vascular derangements is not related to the severity of the contractile depression, suggesting that they may represent a relatively independent phenomenon. The differences among previous studies may be due, in part, to the fact that the abnormalities observed after a 10-min occlusion are relatively subtle.
Conservation in a changing world: in situ conservation of the giant maize of Jala

Using survey data from Jala, Mexico, this case-study evaluates in situ maize conservation of the variety ‘Jala’ (Zea mays L.). Though historically ‘Jala’ was the dominant variety grown in the valley of Jala, today less than 20% of farmers grow it on only 5% of the maize area. Younger growers of the ‘Jala’ variety specialize in it, growing relatively large amounts for niche markets. Older, diversified farmers grow small areas for household use and to compete in a local contest. Conservation of the ‘Jala’ variety has been heavily influenced by shifting ideal concepts of maize, as determined by market and consumption demands and by a contest designed to promote in situ conservation. The current move away from nationalized purchasing may favor ‘Jala’s’ continued conservation.
Recovering the primary geochemistry of Jack Hills zircons through quantitative estimates of chemical alteration

Abstract Despite the robust nature of zircon in most crustal and surface environments, chemical alteration, especially associated with radiation damaged regions, can affect its geochemistry. This consideration is especially important when drawing inferences from the detrital record where the original rock context is missing. Typically, alteration is qualitatively diagnosed through inspection of zircon REE patterns and the style of zoning shown by cathodoluminescence imaging, since fluid-mediated alteration often causes a flat, high LREE pattern. Due to the much lower abundance of LREE in zircon relative both to other crustal materials and to the other REE, disturbance to the LREE pattern is the most likely first sign of disruption to zircon trace element contents. Using a database of 378 (148 new) trace element and 801 (201 new) oxygen isotope measurements on zircons from Jack Hills, Western Australia, we propose a quantitative framework for assessing chemical contamination and exchange with fluids in this population. The Light Rare Earth Element Index is scaled on the relative abundance of light to middle REE, or LREE-I = (Dy/Nd) + (Dy/Sm). LREE-I values vary systematically with other known contaminants (e.g., Fe, P) more faithfully than other suggested proxies for zircon alteration (Sm/La, various absolute concentrations of LREEs) and can be used to distinguish primary compositions when textural evidence for alteration is ambiguous. We find that zircon oxygen isotopes do not vary systematically with placement on or off cracks or with degree of LREE-related chemical alteration, suggesting an essentially primary signature. By omitting zircons affected by LREE-related alteration or contamination by mineral inclusions, we present the best estimate for the primary igneous geochemistry of the Jack Hills zircons. This approach increases the available dataset by allowing for discrimination of on-crack analyses (and analyses with ambiguous or no information on spot placement or zircon internal structures) that do not show evidence for chemical alteration. It distinguishes between altered and unaltered samples in ambiguous cases (e.g., relatively high Ti), identifying small groups with potentially differing provenance from the main Jack Hills population. Finally, filtering of the population using the LREE-I helps to more certainly define primary correlations among trace element variables, potentially relatable to magmatic compositional evolution.
A primal truncated newton algorithm with application to large-scale nonlinear network optimization

We describe a new, convergent, primal-feasible algorithm for linearly constrained optimization. It is capable of rapid asymptotic behavior and has relatively low storage requirements. Its application to large-scale nonlinear network optimization is discussed and computational results on problems of over 2000 variables and 1000 constraints are presented. Indications are that it could prove to be significantly better than known methods for this class of problems.
The Effects of Added Cultural Distance on Ownership Decision in Cross-Border Acquisitions

This paper explains theoretical and empirical conflicts on the relationship between cultural distance and ownership decision strategy. This research examines the trend of adding cultural distance b...
Viewing the big picture on small cell lung cancer

The use of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery are all part of the treatment toolbox used to treat patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Violence and the politics of aesthetics: a postcolonial Maghreb without borders

A guiding premise of this collective project is that Maghrebi writers, artists, filmmakers, and activists are – as they have long been – important theorists and critics of violence. The articles th...
The effects of backgrounding system on growing and finishing performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers.

The objective of this 2-yr study was to evaluate growing and finishing performance as well as carcass characteristics of spring-born steers backgrounded on 3 different systems, using feedstuffs readily available in the Midwest: 1) grazing corn residue and being supplemented with dried distillers plus solubles at 2.68 kg DM/steer 6 d/wk (RESIDUE), 2) grazing a late summer–planted oat–brassica forage mix (CCROP), or 3) being fed a corn silage–based diet in a drylot (DRYLOT). Steers (n = 715) were stratified by BW (278 kg ± 23 in yr 1 and 291 kg ± 91 in yr 2) and assigned to treatment and replicate (4 replications per treatment per yr). Steers assigned to DRYLOT were fed a corn silage–based diet for 54 d in yr 1 and 52 d in yr 2 before being transitioned to the finishing diet. Steers assigned to RESIDUE and those assigned to CCROP grazed 65 d in yr 1 and 66 d in yr 2 and then were fed a corn silage–based diet for 21 d in yr 1 and 33 d in yr 2 before being transitioned to the finishing diet. During backgrounding, the ADG (SEM 0.022) of steers assigned to DRYLOT (1.48 kg/d) was greater (P < 0.01) than that of steers assigned to both CCROP (1.05 kg/d) and RESIDUE (0.87 kg/d) and ADG of steers assigned to CCROP was greater (P < 0.01) than that of steers assigned to RESIDUE. At the start of the finishing period, BW of steers assigned to CCROP (381 kg) was greater (P < 0.01, SEM 2.5) than that of steers assigned to DRYLOT (361 kg) and RESIDUE (366 kg). The finishing period lasted 160 d for all treatments. Both 12th-rib fat (P = 0.89) and calculated yield grade (P = 0.39) did not differ among treatments. Finishing G:F of steers assigned to DRYLOT (0.162 kg/kg) was greater (P < 0.01, SEM 0.0015) than that of steers assigned to RESIDUE (0.153 kg/kg) and CCROP (0.153 kg/kg), which did not differ (P = 0.79). In yr 1, HCW of steers assigned to CCROP (402 kg) was greater (P < 0.01, SEM 2.1) than that of steers assigned to both RESIDUE (389 kg) and DRYLOT (391 kg), which did not differ (P = 0.40). This difference in HCW is most likely a result of differences in BW at the start of the finishing phase in yr 1. However in yr 2, HCW of steers assigned to CCROP (400 kg) and RESIDUE (397 kg) did not differ (P = 0.26, SEM 2.1) but were greater (P < 0.01) than that of steers assigned to DRYLOT (367 kg), despite the fact that steers assigned to RESIDUE entered the finishing phase at a lighter BW than steers assigned to CCROP. Marbling was greater (P = 0.01, SEM 3.9) for steers assigned to DRYLOT (429) than for steers assigned to RESIDUE (414), although steers assigned to CCROP (424) were not different (P ≥ 0.10) from steers assigned to DRYLOT or RESIDUE. When cost and price scenarios from the last 5 yr were conducted, no treatment appeared to be consistently superior in terms of cost of gain or net return. Therefore, all 3 systems appear to be viable options for producers.
Who Gets to Chew the Cracker? Engaging the Student in Learning in Higher Education

Masterful professors not only grow in knowledge of their discipline, they also grow in sharpening their teaching skill. This article examines effective teaching and learning in the higher education...