cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perception of gastric contractions and self-control of gastric motility.

The hypothesis was that self-control of a visceral response is dependent on ability to perceive occurrence of the response. Subjects were asked to judge whether or not a signal light coincided with a stomach contraction on each of approximately 200 trials. In a different session heart beat perception was tested by asking subjects to judge whether or not signal light flashes coincided with heart beats. Subjects then were tested for ability to increase and to decrease gastric motility prior to biofeedback training, after which half received 4 hrs of visual feedback while the others practiced without feedback. Control of motility without feedback was subsequently retested. Initially, subjects were unable to control gastric motility, but with feedback they could increase motility on command. Ability to perceive gastric contractions was unrelated to control of gastric motility before, during, or following biofeedback training, indicating that self-control of a visceral response is not dependent on perceptual sensitivity. Perception of stomach contractions correlated significantly (r= .51) with perception of heart beats, suggesting that there may be a generalized tendency to be aware of or to attend to visceral events.
The Origin of Lake Basins

I HAVE been following with some interest the recent discussion in these columns concerning the power of ice to erode rock basins, since I have prepared for publication (presented at the December, 1893, meeting of the Geological Society of America) a paper describing some recent studies of my own upon this subject. After several years of study in the glacial belt of New England, having never found definite evidence of rock basins in lakes of large size, I came to the conclusion that the theory of rock basins had little value, particularly since, after having been before us for more than thirty years, so few instances have been proven. In my own case, and I believe also in others, the attempt had always been to trace a continuous rock line, and this I now believe to have been an entirely wrong method; for how many large lakes are there in which possible outlets may not be buried beneath drift areas?
Some proposals for handling the information problem—a brief bibliographical essay

Computers are not a solution for all bibliographic problems. Nevertheless, more machine control of information in university and other research libraries seems inevitable because of the frequent necessity and difficulty of determining what, if any, research has been done on certain subjects. The Library of Congress is currently conducting a computer feasibility study. The use of a Listomatic camera has increased the coverage and recency of The Index Medicus. One midwestern library is so pleased with the results of a preliminary study that it is planning to convert to an automated operation soon. A radical reorganization of university and research libraries is envisioned by some writers. One proposal calls for a national research library from which copies of desired items could be obtained by dialing the appropriate number. Others would have this service provided by six regional core libraries. Certain writers stress thorough investigation and extensive planning before any library decides to automate. Two of these specialists question the existence of a general information inundation.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element models of external thread rolling:

AbstractIn the present study, the DEFORM computer code was used to develop two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element models for simulating external thread rolling. To simulate rolling in two dimensions, a plane strain model was used where the thread is assumed to form through progressive penetration of the blank surface using a parallel set of wedge-shaped indenters. To develop the three-dimensional model, a flat-die rolling process was simulated which incorporated blank rotation, die movement and pitch angle on the die faces. Based on a comparison of thread form and microhardness with as-rolled threads, the plane strain model was found to provide a reasonable approximation of thread-rolling behaviour. Results obtained from the initial pass of the three-dimensional model are promising although progress is currently limited by the excessive computational time needed, frequency of remeshing and sliding at the die-blank interface.
The reaction of carboxylic acid hydrazides with formaldehyde

The hydrazides of benzoic, phenyacetic, and 3-phenylpropionic acids react with an acidic solution of formaldehyde to give 15. Similar treatment of the corresponding methylhydrazides gave 16. The ethers 15 can be cleaved to give, after methylation, 16. Spectral data for 15 and 16 are presented.
The Role Of Knowledge Management In Hierarchical Model Development

The methods for transforming real-world problem into simulation models are being increasingly explored with the availability of inexpensive computing power. In general, traditional model building procedures involve a lengthy problem formulation and interaction between the analyst and the client. Furthermore, after the model definition is arrived at, the simulation model is often programmed manually. Recent developments in simulation modeling have focused on automatic model generation employing artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Such developments focus on the transfer of the user's knowledge about the system into an executable simulation model. Current techniques still lack effective knowledge acquisition tools and a global database from which model alternatives can be generated. In this paper, a set of knowledge bases (KBs) will be proposed to aid in the hierarchical model construction.
Morningness-eveningness, current depression, and past suicidality.

Summary.—Previous research has reported that people who feel at their peak in the evening are more prone to depression and affective disorders. In a sample of 194 undergraduate students (54 men, 140 women; M age = 21.6 yr., SD = 1.4), using a simple correlational design, describing oneself as an evening person and scores on Horne and Őstberg's Morningness–Eveningess Scale were correlated with higher scores on measures of depression, hopelessness, defeat, and entrapment, but not with a report of past suicidal ideation or attempts, thereby supporting previous research findings.
Spinal muscular atrophy: The natural course of disease

The infantile form of spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann disease) is thought to be progressive and usually fatal by age three. The intermediate and juvenile forms (Kugelberg-Welander disease) have been reported to be static in many cases. A review of 48 patients, 50% of whom had been followed for more than 10 years, were placed into four groups according to the maximum motor function attained. Progression of muscle weakness was assessed using functional criteria, including inability to walk, inability to use a manual wheelchair and inability to raise the hands above the head. The results of this analysis suggest that all patients with spinal muscular atrophy have a progressive disease and that the course of the deterioration is predictable in each of the four groups. This information allows one to offer realistic counseling and a rational rehabilitation program.
Phase fluorometry for semiconductor lifetime measurement

Understanding and quantifying nonradiative recombination is a critical factor for the successful laser cooling of semiconductors. The usual approach to measuring the nonradiative lifetime employs pulsed photoexcitation and monitors the luminescence decay via time-resolved photon counting. We present an alternative approach that employs phase fluorometry with a lock-in amplifier. A sinusoidally modulated diode laser is used for excitation. Lifetime data are extracted from the frequency dependent phase shift and amplitude response of the photoluminescence signal, detected by a photomultiplier tube. Samples studied include high quality AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs and GaInP/GaAs/GaInP double heterostructures, grown by MBE and MOCVD. Data over a temperature range from 10 to 300 K is compared with results obtained in time-domain measurements.
EFFECTS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURITY OF BEEF AND MARBLING OF RIB STEAKS ON EATING QUALITY

SUMMARY— Selected characteristics of beef rib steaks representing three physiological maturity levels and two marbling levels were investigated. Paired steaks at the 1lth thoracic vertebra were used to obtain cooking time and losses, palatability scores, Warner-Bratzter shear values, and selected histological data. In addition, steaks from the left 7th and right 8th thoracic vertebrae positions were used to measure cooking time and losses, Warner-Bratzfer shear values, waterholding capacity, pH, color-difference, and total moisture. Ether extract was obtained for raw longissimus dorsi at the 12th thoracic vertebra. Maturity and marbling affected told moisture (P < 0.001), quantity of fat in raw muscle (histological measurement, P < 0.01). ether extract (P < 0.001). and dripping losses (7th and 8th thoracic vertebrae P < 0.001). Other factors were not affected significantly. Maturity and marbling, at levels represented, had little effect on palatability of the steaks, although generally, measurements for fat content were higher and those for moisture lower at the higher marbling level. Most correlation coefficients for overall acceptability and histological measurements were low. Tenderness had more influence on the overall acceptability of the meat than flavor or juiciness. Moderate to high relationships occurred between cooking time and both initial weight of steaks and cooking losses. Generally, waterholding capacity was not related to pH, total moisture, or cooking losses. Correlation coefficients for pH vs. shear value and pH vs. color-difference were low.
M89V Sialic Acid Acetyl Esterase (SIAE) and All Other Non-Synonymous Common Variants of This Gene Are Catalytically Normal

Catalytically defective rare variants of Sialic acid Acetyl Esterase (SIAE) have previously been linked to autoimmunity. Studies presented here confirm that the M89V SIAE protein and all other products of common variant alleles of SIAE are catalytically normal. Although overexpressing transfected non-lymphoid cells secrete small amounts of SIAE that can associate with the cell surface, normal human lymphocytes do not exhibit cell surface SIAE, supporting genetic evidence in mice that indicates that this protein functions in a lymphocyte intrinsic manner. Analyses of the plasma proteome also indicate that SIAE is not secreted in vivo. A re-analysis exclusively of catalytically defective rare variant alleles of SIAE in subjects in which this gene was completely sequenced confirmed an association of SIAE with autoimmunity. A subset of catalytically defective rare variant SIAE alleles has previously been typed in a large genotyping study comparing a diverse group of disease subjects and controls; our re-analysis of this data shows that catalytically defective alleles are enriched in disease subjects. These data suggest that SIAE may be associated with autoimmunity and that further study of catalytically defective rare variant SIAE alleles in terms of autoimmune disease susceptibility is strongly warranted.
Amnesia for the mccollough effect following unilateral electroconvulsive therapy implications for laterality

Abstract The hemispheric lateralization of retrograde amnesia following unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was measured by a novel nonverbal probe, the McCollough effect, which allowed equal and exclusive access to each hemisphere. Alternating exposure to perpendicular gratings of complementary colors (e.g., red vertical stripes alternated with green horizontal stripes) will cause subsequently presented black and white gratings to appear colored hours or even days later (the McCollough effect). Three of the patients examined (3 of 10) lost the effect in just the half visual field contralateral to the treatment side when unilateral nondominant ECT was interposed between the induction of the effect and the its test. Six patients lost the effect bilaterally following unilateral ECT. One patient retained a bilateral aftereffect. This patient had by far the shortest seizure (18 sec). Nine of 10 comparison patients, also suffering from major depression but without ECT intervening between induction and test, showed good bilateral retention of the McCollough effect. The remaining comparison patient showed no retention. These results imply that despite bilateral cortical spread of seizure activity, unilateral nondominant ECT has effects that are most pronounced over the stimulated hemisphere.
Transfer of proα2(I) cDNA into cells of a murine model of human Osteogenesis Imperfecta restores synthesis of type I collagen comprised of α1(I) and α2(I) heterotrimers in vitro and in vivo

The oim mouse is a model of human Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) that has deficient synthesis of proalpha2(I) chains. Cells isolated from oim mice synthesize alpha1(I) collagen homotrimers that accumulate in tissues. To explore the feasibility of gene therapy for OI, a murine proalpha2(I) cDNA was inserted into an adenovirus vector and transferred into bone marrow stromal cells isolated from oim mice femurs. The murine cDNA under the control of the cytomegalovirus early promoter was expressed by the transduced cells. Analysis of the collagens synthesized by the transduced cells demonstrated that the cells synthesized stable type I collagen comprised of alpha1(I) and alpha2(I) heterotrimers in the correct ratio of 2:1. The collagen was efficiently secreted and also the cells retained the osteogenic potential as indicated by the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity when the transduced cells were treated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2. Injection of the virus carrying the murine proalpha2(I) cDNA into oim skin demonstrated synthesis of type I collagen comprised of alpha1 and alpha2 chains at the injection site. These preliminary data demonstrate that collagen genes can be transferred into bone marrow stromal cells as well as fibroblasts in vivo and that the genes are efficiently expressed. These data encourage further studies in gene replacement for some forms of OI and use of bone marrow stromal cells as vehicles to deliver therapeutic genes to bone.
Microtubule organization in root cortical cells ofHyacinthus orientalis

Overall cellular arrangement of cortical microtubules (MTs) is studied by reconstruction of MT images on serial thin sections. The mature root cortex ofHyacinthus orientalis L. cv. “Delft blue” is composed of elongate, highly vacuolate nondividing parenchyma cells. In longitudinal sections in these cells, MTs generally form parallel arrays at oblique angles to longitudinal cell axes. These MTs extend towards the transverse face of the cell where they appear in localized parallel arrays as well as in crisscross patterns. Repeated observations of oblique parallel arrays of MTs along the length of the cell and the continuity of MT bundles in serial sections suggest that MTs form a single helix in the cell. MTs in neighboring cells appear in sections either as parallel or as herringbone patterns, suggesting that the MT helices in these cells may spiral in the same or the opposite directions.
The Institutional Reaction to Child Mental Illness: Co‐Deviant Labeling

This paper reports the findings of a study of the bureaucratic processing of emotionally disturbed children. It focuses on the components of bureaucratic decisionmaking and evaluation which determine the biographical documentations of clients constructed by mental hospital staff. Specifically, bureaucratic practioners of child psychotherapy engage in co-deviant labeling: a labeling process which places responsibility for the child's pathology on the parents and casts the parent into the role of “co-patient.” Institutional evaluation ostensibly designed for the recipient of service—the child—is extended to the child's parents, most often without their knowledge. Co-patient labeling is shown to affirm the ideological assumptions of institutional staff.
Food procurement and tooth use in two sympatric lemur species.

This study of two lemur species (Lemur catta and Propithecus v. verreauxi) in Madagascar combines observations of food procurement and initial food placement in the mouth with comparisons to food toughness and external properties. Food toughness was hypothesized to play a decisive role in determining food placement during ingestion. It was found that tougher foods are generally ingested on the postcanines for all foods eaten. However, when leaves and fruits are analyzed separately, food size and shape, represented here by mass and food type, are more reliable predictors of initial food placement. Larger leaves and bulkier fruits and stalks are ingested posteriorly. Leaf toughness is not related to leaf size, though the toughness and size of the most commonly eaten fruits are correlated. Furthermore, ingestive food toughness, which is the maximum toughness, and "average" food toughness may make different mechanical demands on the masticatory apparatus that have consequences for jaw morphology.
HIV-1 protein Tat potentiation of methamphetamine-induced decreases in evoked overflow of dopamine in the striatum of the rat.

Abstract HIV-1 infection of the brain can lead to the development of clinical syndromes reminiscent of Parkinson’s disease, suggesting that HIV infection may damage nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons. Although the responsible mechanisms have not been well defined, neurotoxic viral proteins, such as Tat, released from infected cells may be involved. Drug abuse is a major risk factor for contracting HIV infection. Methamphetamine (METH), a psychostimulant with high abuse potential, may also be toxic to brain DA neurons. Thus, the combination of METH abuse and HIV infection may lead to substantial alterations in DA neuron functioning. The present experiments examined how Tat, alone and with METH, affects DA release in the striatum. Male rats were given an intrastriatal injection of Tat (25 μg) or vehicle 24 h before treatment with saline or neurotoxic doses of METH. Seven days later microdialysis studies were carried out to measure potassium- and amphetamine-evoked overflow of DA from the striatum. The Tat treatment alone led to no change in potassium-evoked overflow of DA, a 20% decrease in amphetamine-evoked overflow of DA, and a 16% decrease in striatal DA content. The METH alone led to a 37–42% decrease in striatal DA overflow and content. The combined treatment with Tat and METH led to significantly greater 70–78% decreases in striatal DA overflow and content. These results indicate that Tat enhances METH-induced reductions in striatal DA release and content, possibly in a synergistic manner, and suggest that METH abusers infected with HIV may be at increased risk for basal ganglia dysfunction.
Metastable phases in mechanically alloyed AlMn powder mixtures

Abstract Elemental aluminum and manganese powder mixtures have been mechanically alloyed in a Spex mill. It has been shown that supersaturated solid solutions of aluminum containing as much as 18.5 at.% Mn can be produced in the as-milled condition. Room temperature aging produced a metastable f.c.c. phase with a = 0.4772 nm . The equilibrium Al 6 Mn phase formed by decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution on elevated temperature exposure of the powder at temperatures higher than 623 K. The activation energy for decomposition has been calculated to be 2.04 eV, the same as the activation energy for the diffusion of manganese atoms in an aluminum matrix.
Determination of Pb2+ in water by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of tetraethyllead formed by reaction with sodium tetraethylborate

Abstract Aqueous Pb2+ samples in the low ng/g concentration range were spiked with stable isotope 206Pb standards and subsequently ethylated by a simple room-temperature reaction with sodium tetraethylborate. After extraction into heptane, samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on a bench-top quadrupole instrument. Detection was performed by single ion monitoring at m/z 293 (triethyl-206Pb ion) and 295 (triethyl-208Pb ion). The technique is rapid, convenient and has good linearity over the tested concentration range of 0.5−100 ng/g. Internal standardization by stable isotope dilution improves the relative standard deviation (for 20−50 ng/g samples, from 24.9% (for externally calibrated determinations) to 4.2% for intra-assay precision and from 35.0% to 8.7% for inter-assay precision. The 206Pb internal standard also discriminates against interference by other metals. The detection limit (3σ) of 0.3 ng/g (for a 2-ml sample) is due primarily to the large relative standard deviation of the blank. Applications to biological matrices are discussed.
Correlating chemical changes in subchondral bone mineral due to aging or defective type II collagen by Raman spectroscopy

We show that early indicators of osteoarthritis are observed in Raman spectroscopy by probing femur surfaces excised from mouse models of early-onset osteoarthritis. Current clinical methods to examine arthritic joints include radiological examination of the joint, but may not be capable of detecting subtle chemical changes in the bone tissue, which may provide the earliest indications of osteoarthritis. Recent research has indicated that the subchondral bone may have a more significant role in the onset of osteoarthritis than previously realized. We will report the effect of age and defective type II collagen on Raman band area ratios used to describe bone structure and function. The carbonate-to-phosphate ratio is used to assess carbonate substitution into the bone mineral and the mineral-to-matrix ratio is used to measure bone mineralization. Mineral-to-matrix ratios indicate that subchondral bone becomes less mineralized as both the wild-type and Del1 (+/-) transgenic mice age. Moreover, the mineral-to-matrix ratios show that the subchondral bone of Del1 (+/-) transgenic mice is less mineralized than that of the wild-type mice. Carbonate-to-phosphate ratios from Del1 (+/-) transgenic mice follow the same longitudinal trend as wild-type mice. The ratio is slightly higher in the transgenic mice, indicating more carbonate content in the bone mineral. Raman characterization of bone mineralization provides an invaluable insight into the process of cartilage degeneration and the relationship with subchondral bone at the ultrastructural level.
Regulation of B-cell tolerance and triggering by macrophages and lymphoid dendritic cells

This review explores the concept that accessory cells differentially regulate immune responses such that tolerance or immunity is induced. Macrophages and lymphoid dendritic cells differentially present hapten-conjugated Ig, antigen-antibody complexes and hapten-modified self such that hapten-specific B-cell development into IgM-secreting cells is blocked or stimulated. The mechanism by which macrophages inhibit B-lymphocyte differentiation is dependent upon an antigen-specific signal and a second nonspecific signal supplied by macrophage-derived E-series PG. In contrast, non PGE-producing lymphoid dendritic cells promoted maturation to IgM PFC by acting as a powerful stimulator of T-lymphocyte IL-2 production. PGE2, but not the structurally similar compound PGF2 alpha, synergized with ligands (e.g. antigen-antibody complexes) which cross-link B-cell sIg or both sIg and Fc receptors to promote hapten-specific unresponsiveness to thymus-independent antigens. Murine B lymphomas were also tested for sensitivity to E- and F-series PG. These cells varied in sensitivity to PGE2 and PGE1 in terms of growth inhibition, suggesting heterogeneity in B-cell PG responsiveness. Interestingly, E-series PG synergized with anti-Ig reagents to kill B lymphomas representative of "immature" normal B cells. In contrast to the effects of PGE on IgM production, we discovered that E-, but not F-series, PG promoted B-cell isotype switching to IgE and IgG1 in the presence of IL-4 and the polyclonal B-cell activator LPS. Other agents which stimulate a cAMP response also promoted isotype switching. These observations indicate that PGE are not obligatory inhibitors of immune responses. Research is in progress to uncover the molecular mechanisms by which PGE are "positive" or "negative" regulators of B lymphocytes.
Hybrid free-space optical and radio frequency switching

We describe characterization of a hybrid Free-Space Optical (FSO) and Radio Frequency (RF) link for efficient switching between the two links. The monitoring and switching are controlled by a program that checks the FSO connection health using echo packets. The switching program was tested using a fiber optic link that can simulate atmospheric attenuation and scintillation effects by using an optical modulator. The sensitivity to connection quality degradation and momentary connection outages can be optimized for a given system. Connection quality dependent switching rather than continuous operation of both FSO and RF links is desired in situations where RF use is to be minimized, while maintaining high reliability.
Effects of unstable links on AODV performance in real testbeds

A link between a pair of nodes is defined unstable if it is characterized by a packet loss which is not negligible in one or both directions. The presence of unstable links in multihop ad hoc networks is very likely and it depends on several factors (e.g., different transmission capabilities of the devices, interferences caused by additional wireless devices). Their management by the routing protocols is of paramount importance since they negatively affect applications performance. In our previous experimental studies, we found that AODV is characterized by very low performance in some specific situations and, in this work, we demonstrate that it mainly depends on the wrong management of unstable links as valid routes. We present some policies that have been proposed in literature to avoid this problem, and we validate two of them through experimental results, exploiting also a direct comparison with the proactive routing protocol OLSR. Our results show that AODV is not able to avoid the use of unstable links, even when an alternative stable route exists. In the same conditions, OLSR outperforms AODV by correctly managing unstable links. In fact, it is able to guarantee a higher packet delivery ratio to the application by using the most stable path to reach the destination.
Adult liaison in the “epidemic” of “teenage” birth, pregnancy, and venereal disease

The “epidemics” of “teenage” pregnancy and venereal disease, in professional literature and popular media, are typically ascribed to irresponsible behavior on the part of American teenagers. Yet, analysis of births, pregnancies, and STD cases among teenage girls by age of male partner indicates that 70% of the male partners are over the age of 20, and 15% are over age 25. Further, the pattern of teenage childbearing remains a constant factor of adult childbearing within each social subgroup over the past 40 years. Failure to recognize both direct adult liaison and modeled adult sexual behavior as the determining influences in teenage behavior underlies the failure to reduce “teen” pregnancy and STD.
Research article: A model of tuberculosis transmission and intervention strategies in an urban residential area

The model herein aims to explore the dynamics of the spread of tuberculosis (TB) in an informal settlement or township. The population is divided into households of various sizes and also based on commuting status. The model dynamics distinguishes between three distinct social patterns: the exposure of commuters during travel, random diurnal interaction and familial exposure at night. Following the general SLIR models, the population is further segmented into susceptible (S), exposed/latently infected (L), active/infectious (I), and recovered (R) individuals. During the daytime, commuters travel on public transport, while non-commuters randomly interact in the community to mimic chance encounters with infectious persons. At night, each family interacts and sleeps together in the home. The risk of exposure to TB is based on the proximity, duration, and frequency of encounters with infectious persons. The model is applied to a hypothetical population to explore the effects of different intervention strategies including vaccination, wearing of masks during the commute, prophylactic treatment of latent infections and more effective case-finding and treatment. The most important findings of the model are: (1) members of larger families are responsible for more disease transmissions than those from smaller families, (2) daily commutes on public transport provide ideal conditions for transmission of the disease, (3) improved diagnosis and treatment has the greatest impact on the spread of the disease, and (4) detecting TB at the first clinic visit, when patients are still smear negative, is key.
Direct-Write Precision Resistors for Ceramic Packages

A direct-write approach to f abricate high precision resistors is reported. Special attention is paid to the effect of print thickrw;s on the resistance value of buried resistors after a low temperature co-firing process. The results show that the direct-write approach provides a superior line definition and thickness control over a traditional screen printing process. Microstructural analysis indicates that there is an interdiffused layer developed between the resistor material and the low temperature co-fired ceramic substrate. These observations are consistent with electrical IIH.SUKHIlentS which show that resistance increases as the effective cross-sectional area is reduced. Th: resistance data show that the standard deviations for resistors printed on a 6" x 6" area are 59Z0 and 15$Z0 for the direct-write and the screen-printed patterns, respectively.
Temperature Stability and Bioadhesive Properties of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Incorporated Hydroxypropylcellulose Polymer Matrix Systems

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the bioadhesive profiles of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) polymer matrices as a function of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content. In addition, the effect of processing temperature on the stability of THC and its extent of degradation to cannabinol (CBN) was investigated. A hot-melt cast molding method was used to prepare HPC polymer matrix systems incorporated with THC at 0, 4, 8, and 16 percent. Bioadhesive measurements including peak adhesive force, area under the curve, and elongation at adhesive failure were recorded utilizing the TA.XT2i Texture Analyzer. Data obtained from these tests at various contact time intervals suggested that the incorporation of THC led to an increase in the bioadhesive strength of the HPC polymer matrices. To determine the stability of THC and the resulting CBN content in the matrices, three different processing temperatures were utilized (120, 160, and 200 degrees C). Post-production High Performance Liquid Chromotography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the processed systems contained at least 94% of THC and the relative percent formation of CBN was 0.5% at 120 degrees C and 0.4% at 160 degrees C compared to 1.6% at 200 degrees C. These findings indicate that the cannabinoid may be a plausible candidate for incorporation into systems utilizing hot-melt extrusion techniques for the development of an effective mucoadhesive transmucosal matrix system for delivery of THC.
Dynamic trace-gas dilution system

Abstract Apparatus has been developed for producing low gas concentrations in air samples of controlled characteristics. The gas diluting unit of the system consists of two Wosthoff rotating stopcock units placed in series and modified to eliminate concentration variation in ouput. The device can be used for all but the least stable gases, and will produce concentrations from 100 ppm to 0.1 ppb (1:1010). Lower concentrations could be achieved if it became desirable.
Demands for Partnership and Collaboration in Higher Education: A Model

Partnerships in academe are becoming more common, for a variety of rea-sons. Policymakers view partnership as a strategic way of meeting the state’seducation and economic goals. Institutions benefit from facilities andresource sharing (McCord, 2002; Sink, Jackson, Boham, and Shockley,2004), and students gain access to additional instruction and a smoothertransition to postsecondary education (Bragg, 2000). In addition, state gov-ernments are formulating policy to reward academic partnership, particu-larly those between K–12 schools and colleges. Sadly, although thesepartnerships are growing in popularity, relatively little is known about them.Of the research that exists, most is descriptive, focusing on a single institu-tion or partnership. Of equal concern, most of the research highlights theK–12 institution and fails to discuss the perspective of the community col-lege or four-year institution. To fill this gap in the literature and ultimatelystrengthen these partnerships, it is critical for policy makers and scholarsto consider the process involved in establishing these arrangements, howthey function, and the factors that help sustain them over time.In this chapter, we discuss the elements and interactions involved in ourpartnership model. We begin by presenting the themes behind formation ofa partnership, such as the reason for joining, the context of collaboration,process issues, and enhancing student learning. We then discuss the featuresof partnership, particularly the elements critical to initial development and5
Phylogenetic Signal and Noise: Predicting the Power of a Data Set to Resolve Phylogeny

A principal objective for phylogenetic experimental design is to predict the power of a data set to resolve nodes in a phylogenetic tree. However, proactively assessing the potential for phylogenetic noise compared with signal in a candidate data set has been a formidable challenge. Understanding the impact of collection of additional sequence data to resolve recalcitrant internodes at diverse historical times will facilitate increasingly accurate and cost-effective phylogenetic research. Here, we derive theory based on the fundamental unit of the phylogenetic tree, the quartet, that applies estimates of the state space and the rates of evolution of characters in a data set to predict phylogenetic signal and phylogenetic noise and therefore to predict the power to resolve internodes. We develop and implement a Monte Carlo approach to estimating power to resolve as well as deriving a nearly equivalent faster deterministic calculation. These approaches are applied to describe the distribution of potential signal, polytomy, or noise for two example data sets, one recent (cytochrome c oxidase I and 28S ribosomal rRNA sequences from Diplazontinae parasitoid wasps) and one deep (eight nuclear genes and a phylogenomic sequence for diverse microbial eukaryotes including Stramenopiles, Alveolata, and Rhizaria). The predicted power of resolution for the loci analyzed is consistent with the historic use of the genes in phylogenetics.
Psychosocial impact of urinary incontinence in the elderly population

The impact of urinary incontinence extends well beyond the evident physical and physiologic sequelae. Incontinence may leave affected persons in social, emotional, and mental disarray. Measuring the psychosocial impact of a disease, however, is difficult,and there is no single best tool to achieve such an assessment. Several incontinence-specific tools have been devised to document the impact of this condition and are described briefly in this review. Outcome measures have, until recently, focused on objective data; however, from the patient's viewpoint, subjective psychosocial measures may be a better reflection of the success ofa treatment intervention. For a variety of reasons, the majority of affected persons do not seek help. If the full benefit of treatment options is to be realized, the health care provider actively should seek a history of incontinence in patients who may be ashamed or embarrassed.
Narcolepsy with Cataplexy in Early Childhood

Narcolepsy is a rare neurologic sleep disorder with morbidity associated with functional impairment and frequent delay in diagnosis. Symptoms typically manifest in adolescence or early adulthood, but diagnosis of narcolepsy has been reported in early childhood. Diagnosis rates are as low as 50% of the total population of patients with narcolepsy and are delayed as much as 10 years after disease onset due to inadequate patient-physician communication and/or misdiagnosis. I present the complexity of diagnosing narcolepsy in early childhood in a patient with cataplexy that started soon after independent ambulation at age 10 months.
A 0.2nJ/sample 0.01mm 2 ring oscillator based temperature sensor for on-chip thermal management

Energy efficient and low area temperature sensors are critical for constantly monitoring the silicon temperature in high density integrated circuits. In this paper, a 0.2nJ/sample ring oscillator based temperature sensor is designed and fabricated in TSMC 65nm CMOS technology. The sensor achieves a maximum inaccuracy of ±3°C after 2-point calibration and a resolution of 0.3°C. Furthermore, a model is proposed to accurately predict the effect of the oscillator phase noise on the error of the sensor. The chip occupies only 0.01mm2.
PL-45: Transoral revision of dilated gastro-jejunostomy anastomosis after gastric bypass surgery

endoscopic privileges and 52% perform at least 1-2 endoscopies/ week. The acceptable level of risk to achieve 10-20% EWL after primary and revisional procedures was equivalent to a therapeutic endoscopic procedure for 82% and 77% of respondents, respectively. The acceptable level of risk to achieve 30-40% EWL after primary and revisional procedures was equivalent to LAGB for 47% and 35% of respondents, respectively, and equivalent to LRYGB for 7% and 22%, respectively. 60% would find 10-30% EWL acceptable for revisional procedures. 35% would find 1030% EWL acceptable after a primary procedure. The primary concern is unproven efficacy followed by durability, poor weight loss, availability of equipment, and procedural risk. 62% would not be willing to recommend an endoluminal procedure until efficacy is established, regardless of risk. Conclusion: Risk tolerance and weight loss expectations among bariatric surgeons are different for primary and revisional endoscopic procedures. The majority of surgeons were unwilling to consider endoluminal procedures for their patients until efficacy is proven.
Seismic Evidence for Rock Damage and Healing on the San Andreas Fault Associated with the 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield Earthquake

We deployed a dense linear array of 45 seismometers across and along the San Andreas fault near Parkfield a week after the M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake on 28 September 2004 to record fault-zone seismic waves generated by aftershocks and explosions. Seismic stations and explosions were co-sited with our previous exper- iment conducted in 2002. The data from repeated shots detonated in the fall of 2002 and 3 months after the 2004 M 6.0 mainshock show 1.0%-1.5% decreases in seismic-wave velocity within an 200-m-wide zone along the fault strike and smaller changes (0.2%-0.5%) beyond this zone, most likely due to the coseismic damage of rocks during dynamic rupture in the 2004 M 6.0 earthquake. The width of the damage zone characterized by larger velocity changes is consistent with the low-velocity waveguide model on the San Andreas fault, near Parkfield, that we derived from fault-zone trapped waves (Li et al., 2004). The damage zone is not symmetric but extends farther on the southwest side of the main fault trace. Waveform cross- correlations for repeated aftershocks in 21 clusters, with a total of 130 events, located at different depths and distances from the array site show 0.7%-1.1% increases in S-wave velocity within the fault zone in 3 months starting a week after the earthquake. The velocity recovery indicates that the damaged rock has been healing and regaining the strength through rigidity recovery with time, most likely due to the closure of cracks opened during the mainshock. We estimate that the net decrease in seismic velocities within the fault zone was at least 2.5%, caused by the 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. The healing rate was largest in the earlier stage of the postmainshock healing process. The magnitude of fault healing varies along the rupture zone, being slightly larger for the healing beneath Middle Mountain, correlating well with an area of large mapped slip. The fault healing is most promi- nent at depths above 7 km.
Rethinking the Middle East and North Africa in the Cold War

The new Cold War history has begun to reshape the ways that international historians approach the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) during the post-1945 era. Rather than treating the region as exceptional, a number of scholars have sought to focus on the historical continuities and transnational connections between the Middle East and other areas of the Third World. This approach is based on the notion that the MENA region was enmeshed in the transnational webs of communication and exchange that characterized the post-1945 global system. Indeed, the region sat not only at the crossroads between Africa and the Eurasian landmass but also at the convergence of key global historical movements of the second half of the 20th century. Without denying cultural, social, and political elements that are indeed unique to the region, this scholarship has drawn attention to the continuities, connections, and parallels between the Middle Eastern experience and the wider world.
Lower bounds for multi-stage vehicle routing

The primary purpose of this paper is to develop a new universal lower bound on performance for multi-stage problems that arise in many applications such as manufacturing, communication, inventory routing and vehicle routing. In this paper, we develop such bounds on average delay in the context of the dynamic pickup and delivery problem (DPDP), where a collection of vehicles are responsible for picking up and delivering requests that arrive at unknown times and locations in a certain geographic area. We show that our bounds are tight (order optimal) for a large class of batching policies.
Peculiar Structures of Small Magnesium Carbide Clusters: MgC2, (MgC2)2, and (MgC2)4

The geometries of MgC2, (MgC2)2, and (MgC2)4 in their ground and low-lying excited electronic states have been determined via ab initio electronic structure methods with flexible basis sets and using various approaches for treating electron correlation. We find these species to involve primarily ionic bonding and to be very thermodynamically stable. We find the C22- moiety to exhibit both 1- and 2-fold coordination to the Mg2+ sites in the two larger clusters, which is reminiscent of what is seen in transition metal met-car compounds.
Landslides in Eastern Honshu Induced by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake

In this article we discuss the character and spatial pattern of coseismic landslides from the eastern Honshu region of Japan, which was strongly shaken in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. We developed a detailed geospatial database of 3477 landslides based on postearthquake field surveys and examination of high‐resolution satellite imagery across a 28,380 km2 landslide study area. Analysis of the database shows that a substantial majority (80%) of landslides occurred in Quaternary soil and Neogene rock units. Despite their abundance in the study area, relatively few landslides occurred in pre‐Neogene rocks (i.e., older than 23 Ma). Further examination of the data showed that the most common types of landslides were (1) disrupted landslides in Neogene sedimentary rocks and (2) lateral spreading in Quaternary sediments. However, we found that coseismic landslide erosion (i.e., debris mobilization) was almost fully dominated by lateral spreading within Quaternary sediments. When comparing the landslide inventory with ground motions recorded by dense regional seismic arrays, we found no statistically significant correlation between landslide intensity and ground motion within the study area. Online Material: Derivation of empirical parameters used in the area to volume transformations for lateral spreads.
The multiscale structure of non-differentiable image manifolds

In this paper, we study families of images generated by varying a parameter that controls the appearance of the object/scene in each image. Each image is viewed as a point in high-dimensional space; the family of images forms a low-dimensional submanifold that we call an image appearance manifold (IAM). We conduct a detailed study of some representative IAMs generated by translations/rotations of simple objects in the plane and by rotations of objects in 3-D space. Our central, somewhat surprising, finding is that IAMs generated by images with sharp edges are nowhere differentiable. Moreover, IAMs have an inherent multiscale structure in that approximate tangent planes fitted to e-neighborhoods continually twist off into new dimensions as the scale parameter e varies. We explore and explain this phenomenon. An additional, more exotic kind of local non-differentiability happens at some exceptional parameter points where occlusions cause image edges to disappear. These non-differentiabilities help to understand some key phenomena in image processing. They imply that Newton's method will not work in general for image registration, but that a multiscale Newton's method will work. Such a multiscale Newton's method is similar to existing coarse-to-fine differential estimation algorithms for image registration; the manifold perspective offers a well-founded theoretical motivation for the multiscale approach and allows quantitative study of convergence and approximation. The manifold viewpoint is also generalizable to other image understanding problems.
Coming up Short: The Physical, Cognitive, and Social Effects of Turner's Syndrome

Turner's syndrome, a sex-linked genetic disorder, affects approximately 1 in 2,000 women. Characterized by short stature and sterility, these women also are predisposed to a variety of physical stigmata, including heart and kidney defects. In this article the author describes the impact of Turner's syndrome on patients and family members and gives guidelines for social work intervention.
Identity Matters: A Critical Exploration of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity and Leadership in HRD

Conversations about leadership that primarily consider dominant identity groups (e.g., White people, heterosexuals, men, the able-bodied, etc.) may be less productive than those that think about le...