cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Re-evaluating historic cohort of salivary acinic cell carcinoma with new diagnostic tools.

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) was recently identified as a distinct salivary gland neoplasm, morphologically resembling intercalated duct cell predominant acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC). To determine how frequently MASC has mimicked an intercalated duct cell predominant AciCC, we reviewed AciCC diagnosed from 1956 to 1975. Nine AciCC consecutively diagnosed in that period were identified. Based on morphologic examination, one case diagnosed as AciCC in a male patient in 1960 was re-classified as MASC [confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showing ETV6 translocation]. Another case diagnosed as AciCC of the palate in a female patient in 1975 was re-classified as mucoepidermoid carcinoma (based on the lack of acinar differentiation, presence of mucous cells, and confirmed by FISH showing MAML2 translocation). In this proof-of-principle study, we show that 1 in 9 cases historically designated as AciCC represents a MASC. “Intercalated duct cell predominant AciCC”, especially among male patients, most likely represent examples of MASC. For anatomic sites outside of the parotid glands, broader differential diagnoses should be considered before accepting morphologic variants of AciCC as the final diagnosis.
The reaction of n,n-dibenzylcarbamoyl chloride with n-nitrosohydroxylamine

Abstract The action of N,N-dibenzylcarbamoyl chloride (2) on the sodium salt of N-nitrosohydroxylamines (1) in dry acetonitrile at reflux leads to products whose formation may be rationalized in terms of carbamoylation at either oxygen of the bidentate N-nitrosohydroxylamines.
Graph coloring: color sequences and algorithm for color sequence

There are basically three main graph coloring problems: vertex, edge, or face colorings of a given graph G. Graph colorings have applications in many optimization problems mainly in scheduling and assignment. In this study, we define color sequence, maximum color sequence, perfect color sequence, and almost perfect color sequence. Determining exact maximum color sequence of any given graph G is NP-hard problem. We developed a polynomial time greedy algorithm which computes color sequence of given graph G. This algorithm computes maximum color sequence for some graph families.
Vertical extent of the newborn San Andreas fault at the Mendocino triple junction

Three-dimensional seismic refraction data reveal the structure of the plate boundaries at the Mendocino triple junction. First arrival traveltimes were inverted to obtain a three-dimensional seismic velocity model. The tomography results indicate a strong lateral velocity contrast in the lower crust. This velocity contrast is beneath the surface trace of the San Andreas fault and tracks along the fault to the triple junction and then along the Mendocino fracture zone. Velocity values appropriate for mafic rocks are more than 5 km shallower on the Pacific plate than east of the San Andreas fault, and 1–3 km shallower than under the Cascadia accretionary prism. The model suggests that the San Andreas fault, which is growing as the triple junction migrates northward, cuts steeply through the entire crust. Pacific oceanic crust does not extend beneath North America at this location. The slabless window south of the triple junction and east of the San Andreas fault must be filled with upwelling asthenosphere. The sharp corner of the Pacific plate migrates northward, displacing the Cascadia accretionary prism and forcing the prism material to move north or east.
Optical phonons in mixed sodium potassium tantalates

Optical phonons in mixed sodium potassium tantalate crystals as function of temperature and composition, using IR and Raman spectra
The problem of calibrating high‐range geodetic‐type gravimeters

Various methods for the calibration of gravimeters are considered and discussed in terms of the potential arid actual accuracy of calibration obtained. Comparative data are given for different types of gravimeters calibrated by the same method and for the same type of gravimeter calibrated by different methods. The uncertainties in calibration are shown to be the major factor determining differences in gravimeter values reported by different investigators.
Modeling the autonomic and metabolic effects of obstructive sleep apnea: a simulation study

Long term exposure to intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation introduced by recurring obstructive sleep apnea has been linked to subsequent cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear, but impairment of the normal interactions among the systems that regulate autonomic and metabolic function is likely involved. We have extended an existing integrative model of respiratory, cardiovascular and sleep-wake state control, to incorporate a sub-model of glucose-insulin-fatty acid regulation. This computational model is capable of simulating the complex dynamics of cardiorespiratory control, chemoreflex and state-related control of breath-to-breath ventilation, state-related and chemoreflex control of upper airway potency, respiratory and circulatory mechanics, as well as the metabolic control of glucose insulin dynamics and its interactions with the autonomic control. The interactions between autonomic and metabolic control include the circadian regulation of epinephrine secretion, epinephrine regulation on dynamic fluctuations in glucose and free-fatty acid in plasma, metabolic coupling among tissues and organs provided by insulin and epinephrine, as well as the effect of insulin on peripheral vascular sympathetic activity. These model simulations provide insight into the relative importance of the various mechanisms that determine the acute and chronic physiological effects of sleep-disordered breathing. The model can also be used to investigate the effects of a variety of interventions, such as different glucose clamps, the intravenous glucose tolerance test and the application of continuous positive airway pressure on obstructive sleep apnea subjects. As such, this model provides the foundation on which future efforts to simulate disease progression and the long-term effects of pharmacological intervention can be based.
Modification of histones immediately following synthesis

Abstract The acetylation of newly synthesized histones has been studied by exploiting the ability of sodium butyrate to inhibit deacetylation. Upon arrival in the nucleus a significant fraction of histones H2a, H2b, and H3 is in the parental unmodified form. In contrast histone H4 first appears primarily in the diacetylated form. During an ensuing 135 min the diacetylated H4 is slowly further modified.
Does the presence or location of graphic markers affect untrained listeners' ratings of severity of dysphonia?

Summary Objective To determine the effect of presence and location of severity labels for different types of visual analog scales (VAS) on overall severity (OS) ratings in dysphonic speech. Study Design Experimental, between group comparisons. Methods Dysphonic and normal voice samples from male and female speakers were presented to inexperienced listeners for judgments of OS. To rate samples, listeners used an undifferentiated 100-mm VAS labeled at the extremes, a VAS with nonlinearly distributed labels as in the “beta” version of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V), or a VAS with symmetrically distributed labels as in the “official” version of the CAPE-V. Results Overall, mean OS ratings did not differ significantly across scale types, although ratings using the nonlinearly marked VAS were generally lower than those from other scales. This effect was significant for female speakers whose samples tended toward moderate OS. The ratings distribution, when compiled into 10-mm bins, differed significantly by scale type, with users of the nonlinearly marked scales skewing their ratings toward normal. Conclusions The presence and placement of labels on VAS did not significantly affect OS ratings overall, but values were significantly lower when rating female voices with the nonlinearly labeled VAS. Results indicate that professionals should specify the scale type used for rating OS and use scales consistently when comparing voices.
Tropospheric response to stratospheric degradation in a simple global circulation model

Abstract The dynamical effect of the stratosphere on the troposphere is investigated in a series of numerical experiments with a simple global circulation model under a perpetual winter condition. One control simulation (CS) and four degraded stratosphere simulations (DS) are performed for three values of topographic amplitude h0 of 0, 500, and 1000 m to examine the role of forced planetary waves. In DS, the thermal relaxation rate is increased only in the stratosphere to give poor simulations there. A comparison of the tropospheric circulation between CS and DS reveals the stratospheric effect on the troposphere, or tropospheric response to the stratospheric degradation. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the tropospheric response to the stratospheric degradation depends on h0. The response is weak for h0 = 0 and 500 m but remarkably strong for h0 = 1000 m. The response is projected onto the dominant mode of variability, or annular variability, which is the model counterpart of the Arctic Oscilla...
The Relationship between Semantic Impairment in Comprehension and Naming in Aphasic Patients

SummaryThe aim of the present research consisted in studying if in aphasia the signs of semantic impairment that can be observed at the levels of language production and of auditory comprehension are independent, or if they are reciprocally related. The emission of one or more semantic paraphasias at a test of naming pictures was considered as indicative of a semantic disorder at the expressive level, while the number of semantic errors obtained at the ‘ ‘verbal sound and. meaning discrimination test” was retained as an index of the defect of semantic discrimination at the receptive level. One hundred and thirteen unselected aphasic patients were taken into account in our research: 77 of them (68 %) showed at least one semantic paraphasia at the test of naming pictures, whereas 60 (53 %) obtained a pathological number of semantic errors at the test of verbal auditory comprehension. The emission of semantic paraphasias and the impairment of the semantic system at the receptive level were strongly reciproca...
Temporal characterization of microglia, II‐1β‐like immunoreactivity and astrocytes in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal organotypic slice cultures

Abstract These studies demonstrate that murine hippocampal slice cultures possess neural-immune elements that show responses parallel to comparable in vivo models of neural-immune activation. Using immunocytochemical techniques, this study characterized the phenotypes of specific glial elements and the expression of the cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1 β ), in the hippocampal dentate gyrus over a period of 10 days in vitro (DIV). Preparation of organotypic slice cultures of neonatal mouse hippocampus produced cellular damage including axotomy of afferent fibers within the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. This form of lesion-induced injury caused activation of neural-immune elements in the slice cultures. Staining with the microglial specific, biotinylated Griffonia simplicifolia B 4 -isolectin revealed reactive microglia were most prevalent at 2 DIV and decreased in number from 4 to 10 DIV, whereas the initial population of resting microglia at 2 DIV increased approximately four-fold from 4 to 10 DIV. The presence of a round IL-1 β -like immunophenotype closely paralleled the temporal and spatial distribution of the reactive form of microglia observed in the dentate gyrus. In addition, between 4 and 10 DIV, some IL-1 β -like immunoreactive cells exhibited a stellate-like morphology with numerous branching processes, similar to resting microglia. At 2 DIV, astrocytes showed minimal labeling with antibodies directed against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), while from 4 to 10 DIV, a dramatic hypertrophic astrocytic response occurred, resulting in a gliotic scar forming over the entire dentate gyrus. We conclude that neural-immune activation in the hippocampal organotypic slice culture preparation closely parallels similar responses observed in vivo and thus slice cultures represent an excellent model for further studies of neural-immune interactions resulting from lesion-induced injury in the central nervous system.
Development of the crystalline-array virus (CAV) in cultures of dorsal vessels from Schistocerca americana (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Abstract Dorsal vessels of Schistocerca americana were maintained for 6 days in organ culture systems with a medium consisting of 60% M-18, 30% modified Grace's medium, and 10% fetal bovine serum. Homogenates of the dorsal vessels that were exposed to medium containing the crystalline-array virus (CAV) showed increased virus activity compared with the original inoculating medium at 6 days after exposure, and most adsorption occurred during the first hour of exposure. Further testing indicated that a major portion of increased virus activity occurred within 24 hr after infection which suggested that the viral particles were incorporated into crystals which were not dispersed when injected into the hemocoel of grasshoppers.
Effects of ionophores on vitellogenin uptake by Hyalophora oocytes

Oocytes of Hyalophora cecropia that were incubated in vitro with [35S]vitellogenin incorporated label within 10 min into an intermediate-density compartment identified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. During a subsequent 20-min chase this presumptive endosomal label was transferred to a compartment with the higher density of protein yolk spheres. When vitellogenin uptake was inhibited by 10 μM nigericin or monensin, or 50 μM carbonyl cyanide m-cholorophenylhydrazone, a somewhat larger and more focused peak of label accumulated in the endosome region of the gradient, and the transfer of this label to the yolk spheres was blocked. Valinomycin, at concentrations as high as 100 μM, did not inhibit uptake or processing, even though successful insertion into the oocyte membrane could be demonstrated by the effects of this ionophore on the membrane potential and K+ permeability of the follicle. Inhibition of processing by nigericin and monensin is consistent with a model of endocytosis in which the ionophores prevent acidification of the endosomes by promoting H+-K+ exchange with the cytoplasm. Several alternative possibilities were ruled out by physiological analyses entailing the measurement of cytoplasmic pH and membrane potentials.
Cuirass ventilation in childhood neuromuscular disease

reinstituting peritoneal dialysis if the patient's condition requires additional dialysis. In our postoperative patients, a decrease in drainage from the chest tubes was noted following a reduction in dialysate volume by 10 to 15%. In summary, five patients have been seen with acute hydrothorax during peritoneal dialysis. Relative abdomi- nal overdistension appears to be the initiating event. Although symptomatic patients may require thoracentesis for relief of respiratory distress, continuing dialysis can be accomplished safely without recurrence by reducing the volume of dialysate. REFERENCES 1. Edwards SR, and Unger AM: Acute hydrothorax-a new complication of peritoneal dialysis, JAMA 199:853, 1967. 2. Finn R, and Jowett EW: Acute hydrothorax complicating peritoneal dialysis, Br Med J 2:94, 1970. 3. Holm J, Liedrn B, and Lindqvist B: Unilateral pleural effusion-a rare complication of peritoneal dialysis, Stand J Urol Nephrol 5:84, 1971. 4. Berlyne GM, Lee HA, Ralston AJ, and Woolcock JA: Pulmonary complications of peritoneal dialysis, Lancet 2:75, 1966, 5. Segar WE, Gibson RK, and Rhamy R: Peritoneal dialysis in infants and small children, Pediatrics 27:603, 1961. 6. Lieberman E: Management of acute renal failure in infants and children, Nephron 11:193, 1973. 7. Boen ST: Kinetics of peritoneal dialysis-a comparison with the artificial kidney, Medicine (Baltimore) 40:243, 1961.
Solderability of Indium With Various Oxide Thickness

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the indium joint strength with known indium oxide thickness. The indium joint strength was assessed by measuring the maximum load of indium solder with the comparison of the wetting angle. The oxide thickness was already grown in different ambient conditions, and provided for the joint strength measurement. The indium joint strength with different oxide thicknesses was tested at a fixed strain rate by tensile loading. This investigation will be very useful to characterize the indium solderability in different environment in terms of the quantitative joint strength.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Calculation of the elastic strain field of a cuboidal precipitate in an anisotropic matrix

Using the anisotropic elastic Green's functions and their derivatives, the elastic strain field associated with a cuboidal precipitate in an anisotropic matrix is calculated. Uniform elastic constants for the precipitate and matrix are assumed, and the elastic constants of copper are used. Assuming a pure volumetric transformation strain, it is found that the dilatation is constant neither in the precipitate nor in the matrix. The dilatation inside the precipitate increases smoothly from the precipitate center to the interface, resulting in a maximum along the [110] direction. In the matrix, the dilatation exhibits a negative value near the interface in the directions [100], [110], and [111]. The elastic strain energy associated with a cuboidal precipitate is found to be ca. 93% of that of a spherical precipitate. Mit Hilfe von anisotropen elastischen Green-Funktionen und ihren Ableitungen wird das elastische Spannungsfeld fur wurfelformige Ausscheidungen in einer anisotropen Matrix berechnet. Es wird angenommen, das die elastischen Konstanten fur die Ausscheidungen und die Matrix gleichformig sind, und es werden die elastischen Konstanten fur Kupfer benutzt. Mit der Annahme einer reinen Volumentransformationsspannung ergibt sich, das die Dilatation weder in den Ausscheidungen noch in der Matrix konstant ist. Die Dilatation innerhalb der Teilchen nimmt gleichformig vom Mittelpunkt zur Grenzflache der Ausscheidungen zu und hat ein Maximum entlang der [110]-Richtung. In der Matrix ist die Dilatation an der Grenzflache negativ in den [100]-, [110]- und [111]-Richtungen. Es ergibt sich, das die elastische Spannungsenergie fur wurfelformige Ausscheidungen etwa 93% der fur kugelformige Ausscheidungen betragt.
Design concept and motion planning of a single-moduled autonomous pipeline exploration robot

In this paper, we present the design concept and motion planning of a single-moduled fully autonomous mobile pipeline exploration robot that can be used for the inspection of Φ130∼150mm pipelines. In this robot, the four straight wall-press caterpillar wheels are fixed 90 degrees apart in its circumstance and each wheel is operated by two DC motors integrated in it. The speed of each wheel is controlled independently to provide steering capability to go through 45 degree elbows, 90 degree elbows, T-branches, and Y-branches. The robot system has been developed and experimented in different pipeline layouts for the validation of its design concept and motion planning mechanism.
Stopped flow kinetics of carbamylcholine binding to membrane bound acetylcholine receptor.

Abstract Conformational changes upon binding of carbamylcholine to acetylcholine receptor-enriched membrane fragments have been observed by stopped-flow methods using the fluorescent probe ethidium bromide. A model consistent with both equilibrium and kinetic experiments is proposed in which the receptor binds two molecules of carbamylcholine with high affinity in a non-cooperative manner followed by binding of a third and possibly a fourth molecule with increasingly lower affinity. The receptor ligand precomplexes isomerize to different non-interconvertible complexes depending on the number of ligands bound. This kinetic model fits the data for carbamylcholine interactions with receptor prepared initially either in a low or high affinity form for ligands.
A discussion of Margules-type formulations for multicomponent solutions with a generalized approach

Abstract The generalized mathematical method for obtaining Margules-type formulations for the excess free energy of solution, Gxs or any other excess molar thermochemical property, and RT ln (γi), or the corresponding partial molar quantity in multicomponent solutions, is presented in this paper. For the ncomponent system, the Gxs function is approximated by a pth-order Taylor series involving (n − 1) independent compositional variables. The expression for Gxs is differentiated with respect to each compositional variable, and the resultant partial derivatives are evaluated at each of the compositional extremes to obtain the Margules parameters (activity coefficients at infinite dilution) replacing the constants in the Taylor series which have no thermodynamic meaning. When p = 2, the solutions are symmetric (strictly regular) and no ternary and higher order interaction parameters exist in ternary and higher order systems. For p = 3, the solutions are asymmetric (subregular) and no quaternary and higher order parameters exist in quarternary and higher order systems. As a special case of the latter system (p = 3) the constituent binaries can exhibit symmetric behavior, but the expressions for Gxsand RT ln (γi) can contain ternary interaction parameters. Thus, the existence of nonbinary interaction parameters is a result of the complexity of the Taylor series approximation to the Gxs function. In general, ternary interaction parameters cannot be completely defined by the binary interaction parameters. Simple expressions for the excess function and the activity coefficients in symmetric and asymmetric multicomponent solutions have been derived. Previously published binary, ternary, and quarternary symmetric and asymmetric solution models are discussed and compared to the solution models derived herein.
Fatigue crack growth with fiber failure in metal-matrix composites

Abstract Crack growth during the fatigue of fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composites can be predicted analytically by determining the reduction in the crack tip stress intensity range resulting from fiber bridging. Various canonical functions exist that relate the crack tip stress intensity range to bridged crack geometries and loading for both infinite and finite width specimens; however, comprehensive crack growth predictions incorporating fiber failure require knowledge of the maximum fiber stress in the bridged zone for all notch sizes and crack lengths. Previous modeling efforts have been extended to predict complete growth curves with fiber failure for specimens of finite width. Functions for maximum fiber stresses in the bridged zone are presented here for a center crack in tension and edge cracks in tension and bending. The rapid increase in crack growth when fibers fail emphasizes the importance of determining the loads and notch sizes that mark the beginning of fiber failure. Critical loads for given notch sizes and fiber strengths are easily determined for finite width specimens using the functions presented in this work.
The changing role of stereotaxis in surgical neuro-oncology.

Purpose: Evaluate evolution and time course of stereotactic neurosurgery within surgical neuro-oncology. Methods: MEDLINE search 1966–2003 sub-stratified and analyzed for annual trends. AANS/CNS membership databases for Joint Sections. ACRC neuro-oncology program database 1998–2003. Results: Tumor stereotaxis emerged in 1980 and became the dominant stereotactic publication topic by 1984. Frame-based tumor stereotaxis led publications through 1994, when supplanted by stereotactic radiosurgery (SR). Brachytherapy led SR 1982–1987, but then fell behind, reducing to pre-1983 levels by 1996. SR publications currently comprise 65% of stereotactic tumor articles and publication rate continues to rise at a steady rate. Frameless stereotaxis (FS) publications began to increase in 1993 and growth is larger than the corresponding fall in frame-based volumetric resection publications. Data suggest increased utilization for cases that would have otherwise utilized ultrasound or gone without image guidance. Intraoperative MR developed predominantly as complimentary technology to FS. Tumor diagnostic needle biopsy publications continue to be mostly frame-based, while FS techniques are largely resection focused. This may change as >80% of our tumors biopsied with frame-based techniques would be candidates for FS biopsy based solely on lesion size, location, and technique accuracy considerations. CNS parenchymal delivery of experimental therapies continues to be predominantly frame-based. Conclusion: The role of tumor stereotaxis in surgical neuro-oncology is important, but changing. SR is increasingly dominating the subspecialty. Stereotactic tumor resection has become a mainstream neurosurgical procedure due to FS, and this will likely occur with needle biopsy as well. Delivery of experimental therapies remains predominantly frame-based, but may need to transition to FS in order to gain wider mainstream acceptance and applicability once efficacy is demonstrated.
Large time existence of small viscous surface waves without surface tension

The motion of a three-dimensional viscous, imcompressible fluid is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations. We study the case where the fluid is in an ocean of infinite extent and finite depth with...
Azacitidine and the beginnings of therapeutic epigenetic modulation

Background: Although originally developed as a cytarabine analog more than 40 years ago, azacitidine has been the subject of renewed interest in the era of cancer epigenetics. Objective: What is the history of the clinical development of azacitidine and how has it been applied successfully to the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)? Methods: We review the evolution of the use of azacitidine for the therapy of human disease and review the major studies that have laid the groundwork for its current clinical indication. Conclusion: The use of azacitidine has changed the approach to the treatment of MDS and has resulted in improved outcomes for patients.
Colloquium – Toward a Reconceptualization of ‘Language’ and ‘Acquisition’ in SLA Research

Held at the American Association for Applied Linguistics Annual Conference, Denver, CO, USA; 21 March 2009.This all-day colloquium was part of an ongoing discussion of ways that methods and frameworks from micro-ethnography, Conversation Analysis (CA), and Vygotskian Sociocultural Theory are re-specifying ‘language’ and ‘acquisition’ from a socio-interactional view of SLA.
An attacker model for MANET routing security

Mobile ad-hoc networks are becoming ever more popular due to their flexibility, low cost, and ease of deployment. However, to achieve these benefits the network must employ a sophisticated routing protocol. Early proposed routing protocols were not designed to operate in the presence of attackers. There have been many subsequent attempts to secure these protocols, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. To allow for a comparison of these secure protocols, a single common attacker model is needed. Our first contribution in this work is to develop a comprehensive attacker model categorizing attackers based on their capabilities. This is in contrast to the existing models which seek to categorize attacks and then map that categorization back onto the attackers. Our second contribution is an analysis of the SAODV routing protocol using our new model, which demonstrates the structured approach inherent in our model and its benefits compared to existing work.
An Examination of Current and Proposed Drug-Testing Policies at US Colleges and Universities

Administrators at 400 colleges and universities were surveyed for information regarding their schools' current or proposed policies for the urine drug testing of faculty, nonfaculty employees, and students. Three hundred seven schools (77%) responded regarding their testing policies for employees and applicants for employment, including faculty and nonfaculty; 332 (83%) responded with respect to students. Twenty-five schools reported testing one or more of these groups. None of the schools reported randomly testing applicants for either faculty or nonfaculty positions, and none tested all applicants for all positions. Fewer than 7% of the colleges and universities surveyed reported that they tested urine of employees and applicants for employment to detect drug use. In those institutions that carried out tests, the tests were most often directed toward particular types of workers. Student testing was limited to approximately 2% of the 332 responding institutions.
Sea surface temperatures analyses from in situ and satellite data

Abstract Two sea surface temperature analyses are presented which use both in situ and satellite data. The data sources and the analysis techniques are discussed and compared.
Analysis of checkpointing schemes with task duplication

The paper suggests a technique for analyzing the performance of checkpointing schemes with task duplication. We show how this technique can be used to derive the average execution time of a task and other important parameters related to the performance of checkpointing schemes. The analysis results are used to study and compare the performance of four existing checkpointing schemes. Our comparison results show that, in general, the number of processors used, not the complexity of the scheme, has the most effect on the scheme performance.
Categorize, Cannibalize? Humanistic Quantification in Anthropological Research

ica. Wynnewood, PA: Livingston Publishing. Paynter, Raymond A., Jr. 1970 Emberizidae. In Check-list of Birds of the World, Vol. XIII. R. A. Paynter and R. W. Storer, eds. Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Sneath, Peter H., and Robert R. Sokal 1973 Numerical Taxonomy: The Principles and Practice of Numerical Classification. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. Snow, David W. 1979 Pipridae. In Check-list of Birds of the World, Vol. VIII. Melvin A. Traylor, ed. Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.
Midfoot and Forefoot Issues Cavovarus Foot: Assessment and Treatment Issues

This chapter addresses the etiology and diagnosis of forefoot and midfoot cavovarus deformities, the relevant anatomy and biomechanics, and specific procedures for correction of the forefoot and midfoot. Associated hindfoot and ankle procedures will be referenced; however, their specifics will be reserved for other chapters.
Dimensions and elements of people's mental models of an information-rich Web space

Although considered proxies for people to interact with a system, mental models have produced limited practical implications for system design. This might be due to the lack of exploration of the elements of mental models resulting from the methodological challenge of measuring mental models. This study employed a new method, concept listing, to elicit people's mental models of an information-rich space, MedlinePlus, after they interacted with the system for 5 minutes. Thirty-eight undergraduate students participated in the study. The results showed that, in this short period of time, participants perceived MedlinePlus from many different aspects in relation to four components: the system as a whole, its content, information organization, and interface. Meanwhile, participants expressed evaluations of or emotions about the four components. In terms of the procedural knowledge, an integral part of people's mental models, only one participant identified a strategy more aligned to the capabilities of MedlinePlus to solve a hypothetical task; the rest planned to use general search and browse strategies. The composition of participants' mental models of MedlinePlus was consistent with that of their models of information-rich Web spaces in general. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ensuring passivity and automatic order selection for global rational approximation macromodeling

Today digital and wireless designs demand both increasingly higher frequencies and better performance. As overall model complexity grows, greater importance is placed on the development of accurate, efficient interconnect simulation tools. One common approach is to use frequency domain macromodels of the network. This paper concentrates on the global rational approximation macromodeling technique as in the method developed by Elzinga (Elzinga, 2000). Here the technique is improved upon by enforcing passivity for macromodels where only minor passivity violations occur. In addition, an improved automated order selection method for the rational polynomial was developed and applied to the specific program of (Elzinga, 2000) to test the method.
Imagination from Fantasy to Delusion

Lois Oppenheim's Imagination from Fantasy to Delusion balances the tensions inherent in the sublimation theory of creative productivity developed by Freud, and the corrective additions to his theor...
Successful Learning with Hypermedia: The Role of Epistemological Beliefs and Metacognitive Awareness.

This study examined the relationship between epistemological beliefs, meta-cognition, and student achievement in a hypermedia learning environment. Epistemological beliefs refer to beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing (see review by Hofer & Pintrich, 1997) and metacognition refers to the ability to reflect upon, understand, and control one's learning (Schraw & Dennison, 1994). We predicted that the epistemological beliefs and meta-cognitive awareness of 116 preservice teachers would be significantly related to achievement in a hypermedia tutorial. Achievement was measured by a posttest based on the tutorial content. Results from a forced-order, hierarchical regression analysis indicated that reading comprehension, GPA, and three of the five epistemological beliefs (i.e., fixed ability, omniscient authority, and quick learning) significantly predicted posttest performance. Belief in omniscient authority and fixed ability being related to lower achievement supports previous research. Contrary t...
Legal and Definitional Issues Affecting the Identification and Education of Adults With Specific Learning Disabilities in Adult Education Programs

Although the exact prevalence is not determined, a noticeable subset of individuals who enroll in adult education and training programs have either diagnosed or undiagnosed specific learning disabilities (SLD). Understanding SLD is important basic information for adult educators to inform program policies as well as determine effective instructional practices. This article discusses the development of definitions of SLD and current agreement on the nature of SLD relevant to working with adults. It concludes with implications for adult education programs.
Effects of Beta-Receptor Blockade and Glucagon on the Atrioventricular Transmission System in the Dog

The effects of dl-propranolol, d-propranolol, and ICI 46037, a quaternary analog of propranolol, on the functional refractory period and conduction time of the atrioventricular transmission system were studied in anesthetized dogs. dl-Propranolol, 0.5 mg/kg, prolonged the functional refractory period, increased the conduction time, and reduced the maximum frequency of A-V transmission. Larger doses (5 mg/kg) produced only a small additional depression of A-V transmission. In contrast, neither d-propranolol nor ICI 46037, 0.5 mg/kg, depressed A-V transmission. Larger doses of both drugs prolonged both the functional refractory period and the conduction time, the magnitude of the response being quantitatively similar to that produced by increasing the dose of dl-propranolol from 0.5 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg. The intravenous administration of glucagon, 2 µg/kg, promptly restored normal A-V conduction in animals that had received dl- or d-propranolol, but was ineffective in those which had received ICI 46037. It was ...
A finite‐difference method of high‐order accuracy for the solution of three‐dimensional transient heat conduction problems

A finite-difference method is presented for solving three-dimensional transient heat conduction problems. The method is a modification of the method of Douglas and Rachford which achieves the higher-order accuracy of a Crank-Nicholson formulation while preserving the advantages of the Douglas-Rachford method: unconditional stability and simplicity of solving the equations at each time level. Although the method has not yet been applied, the analysis in this paper suggests that it will prove to be the most efficient method yet proposed for the numerical integration of three-dimensional transient heat conduction problems.
In situ surface/interface x-ray diffractometer for oxide molecular beam epitaxy

In situ studies of oxide molecular beam epitaxy by synchrotron x-ray scattering has been made possible by upgrading an existing UHV/molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) six-circle diffractometer system. For oxide MBE growth, pure ozone delivery to the chamber has been made available, and several new deposition sources have been made available on a new 12 in. CF (ConFlat, a registered trademark of Varian, Inc.) flange. X-ray diffraction has been used as a major probe for film growth and structures for the system. In the original design, electron diffraction was intended for the secondary diagnostics available without the necessity of the x-ray and located at separate positions. Deposition of films was made possible at the two diagnostic positions. And, the aiming of the evaporation sources is fixed to the point between two locations. Ozone can be supplied through two separate nozzles for each location. Also two separate thickness monitors are installed. Additional features of the equipment are also presented together with the data taken during typical oxide film growth to illustrate the depth of information available via in situ x-ray techniques.
Evaluation of retinal function and structure in a Parkinson's disease murine model

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive failure of mitochondrial respiratory function and subsequent loss of dopaminergic neurons, which results in severe neuromuscular deficits. Additionally, patients with PD may have visual function abnormalities. The MitoPark (MP) mouse is an experimental model of PD created by disrupting mitochondrial function in dopamine-producing neurons. MitoPark mice develop motor symptoms of PD, but it is currently unknown whether abnormalities in retinal function and structure exist. The objective of this study was to determine whether the retina of MP mice demonstrates any visual system abnormalities. Retinal function of 5 symptomatic MP mice, and 5 age-matched wild type (WT) mice was evaluated by full field electroretinography (ERG) at varying light intensities following both dark (scotopic) and light (photopic) adaptation. Comparison between the full field ERG aand b-wave components of MP and WT mice were performed. Animals were subsequently euthanized and the eyes were prepared for standard histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Immunohistochemistry was performed on retinal tissues using antibodies against Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH), which are markers of retinal stress and dopaminergic cells respectively.
Contributions to the ecology of Colorado tick fever virus. 2. Population dynamics and host utilization of immature stages of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni.

Relative abundance of larval Rocky Mountain wood ticks, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, in mountainous terrain of western Montana was measured by release and recapture of radiolabeled ticks. Laboratory-reared larvae tagged with 14-Carbon or 125-Iodine were released in equal numbers at selected points within 1 of 2 study areas during the natural larval activity periods of 1967–1969. Tagged larvae subsequently recovered on small rodent hosts trapped in these areas and identified provided an estimate of tick population size per acre (ha) (±2 S.E.): 119,163 ± 50,864 (294,333 ± 125,633) and 388,622 ± 212,750 (959,896 ± 525,214) in 1967 and 1969, respectively. Hosts from which most of the ticks were obtained were Neotoma cinerea (40.9% of larvae; 30.6% of nymphs), and Spermophilus lateralis (35.1% of larvae; 60.3% of nymphs). Other hosts were Peromyscus maniculatus (17% of larvae; 4.9% of nymphs), and Eutamias amoenus and E. ruficaudus (7.0% of larvae; 6.6% of nymphs). Larval activity was restricted to a 9- to 11-week period between mid-June and early September, peaking once in late July or early August. Nymphal activity, already evident when trapping began, remained constant until it declined after mid-August. Labeling of larval ticks by exposure to radioactive iodine vapor appears to be at least as efficient as labeling them through inoculation of ovigerous parents with 14-Carbon.
The treatment and outcomes of medial malleolar stress fractures: a systematic review of the literature.

Context:The medial malleolus is considered a high-risk stress fracture and can be debilitating to the highly active or athletic populations. A range of treatment methods have been described with varying outcomes. Currently, there is no gold standard treatment option with optimal results described.Objective:A systematic search of the literature to determine treatment options and outcomes in medial malleolus stress fractures.Data Sources:OVID/Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from 1950 to September 2013.Study Selection:Included studies mentioned treatment and outcomes of medial malleolus stress fractures.Study Design:Systematic review.Level of Evidence:Level 4.Data Extraction:The searches used combinations of the terms stress fracture, medial malleolus, management, and treatment. Two authors independently reviewed the selected articles and created individual tables, which were later compiled into a master table for final analysis.Results:Six retrospective case series were identified (n = 31 patients...
Intangible Heritage Protection and the Cultivation of a Universal Chain of Equivalency

The safeguarding of heritage is touted as an important step in protecting cultural diversity. The emphasis heritage projects put on preservation, however, obscures the part they play in transformation. This article argues that heritagization can be viewed as a kind of Bildung that draws diverse practices tied to diverse worldviews and value systems into a space of equivalency and civil society, amenable to capitalist social relations. Drawing on research on a Hungarian folk revival movement, the article calls for comparative research on how heritagization depoliticizes the very effects of neoliberal capitalism that it addresses and offers solutions that may be tied to dispossession.
Characteristics and Rescue Strategy in Patients With Iodine Contrast Media Anaphylactic Shock During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objective: To analyze the characteristics and rescue strategy in patients with iodine contrast media anaphylactic shock during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in order to improve the PCI safety in clinical practice.Methods: We retrospectively studied 79102 patients who admitted and received PCI or coronary angiography in our hospital in recent 5 years.We particularly focused on patients suffering from iodine contrast media anaphylactic shock,and summarized their medical records with the rescue strategy.Results: All patients received non-ionic iodinated contrast for PCI procedure and the incidence for anaphylactic shock was 0.019%(15/79102).The immediate manifestation of shock was variable including rapid declined blood pressure(9/15),consciousness disorder(2/15) and abnormal findings in skin and mucous membrane(4/15).There were(5/15) of patients with refractory anaphylactic shock,and(3/5) survivals received high-dose methyl prednisolone at the early anaphylactic stage,while(2/5) died without such treatment.(4/5) patients reexposed to iodinated contrast media including 2 died patients.Conclusion: The iodine contrast media anaphylactic shock was a rare but serious reaction in PCI procedure,the re-exposure could even be worse.Physicians should be alert for immediate manifestation at the early anaphylactic stage,and high dose methyl prednisolone treatment might be helpful for salvaging the patients.
Abstract CN08-04: Targeting super-enhancer driven transcriptional dependencies in cancer

Super-enhancers are acquired by cancer cells through gene amplification, translocation or transcription factor overexpression and facilitate high-level expression of genes including MYC, whose protein products are critical for the control of cell identity, growth and proliferation, and which are especially sensitive to perturbation. We demonstrate that the genomically amplified MYCN oncogene, by promoting the development of super-enhancers, leads to upregulation of the active transcriptional program of neuroblastoma cells. Using THZ1, a novel covalent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), a widely expressed regulator of transcription and cell cycle progression, we demonstrate selective targeting of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells, leading to global repression of MYCN-dependent transcriptional amplification. This response translated to significant tumor regression in a mouse model of high-risk neuroblastoma, without toxicity to normal cells. The selectivity of THZ1 for MYCN-amplified cells was associated with preferential downregulation of super-enhancer-associated genes, including MYCN and other known lineage-specifying genes in neuroblastoma. These results indicate that CDK7 inhibition, by selectively targeting the mechanisms that promote transcriptional amplification in tumor cells, may be useful therapy for cancers that are driven by oncogenic transcription factors such as MYC. Citation Format: Rani E. George. Targeting super-enhancer driven transcriptional dependencies in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr CN08-04.
Team Cognition as a Mechanism for Developing Collaborative and Proactive Decision Support in Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

Remotely piloted aircraft systems RPAS are steadily increasing in their presence and role in the Military's overall strategic operational picture. The benefits of RPAS are apparent, ranging from saving time, money, and lives. Yet, the utilization of RPAS is still very challenging in many different aspects. Teams have become a central focus of RPAS due to their many benefits. Yet, teamwork is challenging and the RPAS community must continue to attempt to understand how to support it. A specific aspect of teamwork that has proven over the years to be of paramount importance is team cognition. In this paper, we discuss how team cognition needs to be considered during the development of collaborative and proactive RPAS decision support. We highlight the concept of team cognition accounting for multiple perspectives, outline an integrative perspective of team cognition for the RPAS domain, and conclude by outlining multiple design objectives for utilizing team cognition as a mechanism for RPAS decision support.
The Cartilaginous Fish

The cartilaginous fish probably evolved about the same time as or just before the bony fish some 300 MYA during the great growth burst of animal and vegetable life on this planet. Chondrichthyes have skeletons composed entirely of cartilage and movable lower jaws usually with teeth. They are divided into two subclasses:
Descriptions of the second stage of music teachers’ careers

The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of 12 second-stage music teachers as several themes emerged from a secondary analysis of previously collected written survey and interview data...