cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of clompihene on the structure of the testis, epididymis and sex accessory glands of the rat

Young adult male rats were treated with clomiphene citrate, a non-steroidal inhibitor of gonadotropin release in the rat. They were administered 2.5, 3.5, or 5.0 mg/100g/day for intervals up to 12 weeks. The weights of the sex accessory glands were less than those of control rats, and decreased with increasing dose and length of treatment. At the longer intervals, the weights of the testis and epididymis were also less than those of control animals. Microscopic alterations in the testis included a scarcity or even absence of late spermatids, the presence of necrotic cap-phase spermatids, and accumulation of lipid droplets and large lysosome-like structures in Sertoli cells. In rats treated for the longest interval, 12 weeks, testicular changes were even more extensive; degenerating primary spermatocytes were observed, and in one rat germ cells were virtually completely absent and the seminiferous tubules were occupied by Sertoli cells. The Leydig cells of treated animals were smaller than those of normal or control rats. Sperm were absent from the lumen of the caput epididymidis in most specimens. Although the epithelium of the caput appeared reduced in height in some samples, ultrastructural changes in cellular organelles were not detected. In most specimens of the cauda epididymidis, the lumen was small, irregularly shaped, and lacking in sperm. Light cells were prominent in the epithelium by virtue of their content of many apical vacuoles and dense granules. In some specimens of the distal cauda epididymidis, the duct had a circular profile and the lumen contained round cells and debris. The seminal vesicle and the ventral prostate were greatly suppressed. The normally tall columnar epithelia were reduced to a low columnar or cuboidal shape. Especially at the longer treatment intervals, the normally abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum was sparse, and in some samples secretory vacuoles were absent. The possible mechanism of production of these morphological changes is discussed, and the results are compared with those following treatment with other antifertility agents, including cyproterone acetate, a progestin, and a progestin-androgen regimen.
Soliton models of long internal waves

The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and the finite-depth equation of Joseph (1977) and Kubota, Ko & Dobbs (1978) both describe the evolution of long internal waves of small but finite amplitude, propagating in one direction. In this paper, both theories are tested experimentally by comparing measured and theoretical soliton shapes. The KdV equation predicts the shapes of our measured solitons with remarkable accuracy, much better than does the finite-depth equation. When carried to second-order, the finite-depth theory becomes about as accurate as (first-order) KdV theory for our experiments. However, second-order corrections to the finite-depth theory also identify a bound on the range of validity of that entire expansion. This range turns out to be rather small; it includes only about half of the experiments reported by Koop & Butler (1981).
THE PARTICIPATORY ROLE OF VERBAL BEHAVIOR IN AN ELABORATED ACCOUNT OF METACONTINGENCY: FROM CONCEPTUALIZATION TO INVESTIGATION

The concept of metacontingency has been developed in order to advance an analysis of group practices and, presumably, a science of cultural change and intervention. To date discussion surrounding the metacontingency has been largely theoretical in nature. The present study arranged conditions analog to an organizational setting, in which two participants engaged in interlocking behaviors on networked computers to generate products for their hypothetical organization. Varying instructions were presented to participants throughout the experiment to determine their effect on participants’ coordinated problem solving behavior. Data were collected on participants’ task performance and their vocal verbal interactions as they solved problems together. The experimental conditions and data are analyzed and discussed within the framework of the metacontingency concept and thus far, the empirical data support the conceptualization of metacontingency.
Comparative modeling of CASP4 target proteins: Combining results of sequence search with three‐dimensional structure assessment

Comparative modeling aims at constructing molecular models for proteins of unknown structure, by using known structures of related proteins as templates. To test the comparative modeling approach reported here, predictions for 13 target proteins were submitted during the fourth round of “blind” protein structure prediction experiment (CASP4; http://PredictionCenter.llnl.gov/casp4). Sequence identity between these target proteins and the closest known structures ranged from 13 to 58%, indicating a broad spectrum of prediction difficulty. Although this broad difficulty range required addressing a variety of issues, the most important proved to be sequence-structure alignment for distant homology targets. The alignment step was based on structure-based evaluation of alignment variants produced mainly with PSI-BLAST intermediate sequence search procedure (PSI-BLAST-ISS). Although a fraction of correctly aligned residues in resulting models was markedly better than the average in all cases, for distant homology targets it was still considerably below the estimated achievable level. Results with CASP4 targets show that, along with the correctness of sequence-structure alignments, effective use of multiple template structures may significantly increase accuracy of the model structure. Improvement in this area should also result in more accurate loop modeling and side-chain prediction. Proteins 2001;Suppl 5:47–54. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Intervening in the HIV/AIDS Crisis: The Role of Black Psychologists:

Over the prior 2 decades, HIV and AIDS have ravaged the Black community. This article summarizes the epidemiologic, social, and psychological impact of HIV/AIDS on individuals and affected subpopul...
Enchelycore nycturanus , a new moray eel from South Africa (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae)

Enchelycore nycturanus, a new species of moray eel, is described from the east coast of South Africa. It has slightly arched jaws that leave some teeth exposed when the mouth is closed. It has triserial maxillary teeth, biserial mandibular teeth, and its intermaxillary teeth are in five rows. Along with the dentition, its vertebral count (147-148) and its color pattern of white spots on a dark background distinguish it from all other morays. It is known only from the type locality and may be restricted to South Africa.
CMR Imaging in Constrictive Pericarditis: Is Seeing Believing?

The diagnosis of pericardial disease can be difficult and often requires a multimodality imaging approach. In particular, the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis can be challenging, and differentiation from restrictive cardiomyopathy is important for management. Currently, diagnostic evaluations
Sientra High-Strength Cohesive Textured Round Implant Technique: Roundtable Discussion

A panel of board-certified plastic surgeons chaired by Dr Grant Stevens convened to discuss their respective experiences with the Sientra High-Strength Cohesive (HSC) Textured Round silicone gel breast implants. The authors have implanted a combined total of approximately 2100 patients. Surgical pearls, complication avoidance, and practice integration tips are among the topics reviewed. The surgeons also present challenging cases and describe how the HSC textured implants helped them achieve a successful outcome. Level of Evidence 5![Graphic][1] Therapeutic [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Situating Special Educators’ Instructional Quality and Their Students’ Outcomes within the Conditions Shaping Their Work

abstractThis investigation examined relationships among special education teachers’ working conditions (e.g., classroom characteristics, administrative support), personal characteristics (e.g., experience, certification status, self-efficacy), instructional quality, and students with disabilities’ reading achievement and behavioral outcomes. Data from the 2004–2005 administration of the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study were used. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the fit of models for five latent factors. Hybrid structural models were applied to test the hypothesis that working conditions would be positively associated with special education teachers’ self-efficacy and their instructional quality, which would, in turn, be positively associated with their students’ reading achievement and behavioral outcomes. Although the initial structural equation model tested failed to support the hypotheses, several significant relationships with theoretical and practical significance were di...
“The Lord Has Done Great Things for Us”: The 1817 Reformation Celebrations and the End of the Counter-Reformation in the Habsburg Lands

In anticipation of the upcoming five-hundreth anniversary in 2017 of the start of the Reformation, this article addresses the memory of this event in Central Europe by focusing on the tricentennial celebrations of 1817. The jubilees that took place that year were unique in that they were the first ones characterized by an ecumenical spirit. The article focuses on the Habsburg lands, where the 1817 jubilees were especially significant because of the recent dismantling of the Counter-Reformation by Emperor Joseph II and the favorable policies for Protestants pursued by his conservative successors. Using sermons and state records from archives in Vienna and Budapest, the article argues that the Austrian government used this event to display its newfound policies of religious toleration. Although the Austrian celebrations mirrored, in many respects, the ones in the German states, the infamous censorship regime of the pre-1848 Habsburg government paradoxically promoted an atmosphere of toleration that ensured the ecumenical nature of the celebrations in the Habsburg Empire.
The bats of Rio Muni, West Africa.

Based on reference specimens obtained from known localities, a modern list is presented of the bats of Rio Muni, West Africa. Information is presented and summarized on some aspects of the biology, especially reproduction and ecologic distribution, of these mammals. Data are recorded with regard to some of the morphological variations found in the species of bats listed.
Placement Opportunities for Human Factors Engineering and Ergonomics Professionals

During the period from January 2006 through December 2006, the Placement Service of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society distributed announcements describing 140 new positions available for human factors and ergonomics professionals. This paper focuses on the 124 placement opportunities for those in Industry and the government/military, and briefly addresses positions in Education. The attributes of the position descriptions examined include: employment sector, degree requirements, work experience, expertise, salary, and geographic location.The employment sector type seeking the most employees was Consulting Firms that specialize in Human Factors with 29 positions (23%). The degree required was usually a Masters (48%) and the geographic area with the most jobs was the MidWest (N=16). The areas of expertise most frequently requested by employers were Engineering and Psychology.
Entrapment of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve Following a Distal Fibula Fracture.

Although peripheral nerve injury may result from fractures involving the long bones, bony entrapment of peripheral nerves is infrequently encountered. This report demonstrates a rare case of superf...
The Law Issues in Advance Selling of Commercial Houses

This paper expounded some law issues in the advance selling of commercial houses such as licence system,contract registery and its power,the tranferring of the houses etc.
Nutrition in the tiny baby: update and problems.

Nutritional requirements of low birth weight infants, including calories, water, protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, and minerals, are detailed.
Human Sepsis Eicosanoid and Proresolving Lipid Mediator Temporal Profiles: Correlations With Survival and Clinical Outcomes

Objective:To identify and measure recently described chemical mediators, termed specialized pro-resolving mediators that actively regulate the resolution of acute-inflammation, and correlate measurements with clinical outcomes.Design:Herein, deidentified plasma was collected from sepsis patients (n
ColorBars: increasing data rate of LED-to-camera communication using color shift keying

LED-to-camera communication allows LEDs deployed for illumination purposes to modulate and transmit data which can be received by camera sensors available in mobile devices like smartphones, wearable smart-glasses etc. Such communication has a unique property that a user can visually identify a transmitter (i.e. LED) and specifically receive information from the transmitter. It can support a variety of novel applications such as augmented reality through mobile devices, navigation using smart signs, fine-grained location specific advertisement etc. However, the achievable data rate in current LED-to-camera communication techniques remains very low (a 12 bytes per second) to support any practical application. In this paper, we present ColorBars, an LED-to-camera communication system that utilizes Color Shift Keying (CSK) to modulate data using different colors transmitted by the LED. It exploits the increasing popularity of Tri-LEDs (RGB) that can emit a wide range of colors. We show that commodity cameras can efficiently and accurately demodulate the color symbols. ColorBars ensures flicker-free and reliable communication even in the presence of inter-frame loss and diversity of rolling shutter cameras. We implement ColorBars on embedded platform and evaluate it with Android and iOS smartphones as receivers. Our evaluation shows that ColorBars can achieve a data rate of 5.2 Kbps on Nexus 5 and 2.5 Kbps on iPhone 5S, which is significantly higher than previous approaches. It is also shown that lower CSK modulations (e.g. 4 and 8 CSK) provide extremely low symbol error rates (
Concentrated Electrolyte for the Sodium-Oxygen Battery: Solvation Structure and Improved Cycle Life

Alkali metal–oxygen batteries are of great interests for energy storage because of their unparalleled theoretical energy densities. Particularly attractive is the emerging Na–O2 battery because of the formation of superoxide as the discharge product. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a promising solvent for this battery but its instability towards Na makes it impractical in the Na–O2 battery. Herein we report the enhanced stability of Na in DMSO solutions containing concentrated sodium trifluoromethanesulfonimide (NaTFSI) salts (>3 mol kg−1). Raman spectra of NaTFSI/DMSO electrolytes and ab initio molecular dynamics simulation reveal the Na+ solvation number in DMSO and the formation of Na(DMSO)3(TFSI)-like solvation structure. The majority of DMSO molecules solvating Na+ in concentrated solutions reduces the available free DMSO molecules that can react with Na and renders the TFSI anion decomposition, which protects Na from reacting with the electrolyte. Using these concentrated electrolytes, Na–O2 batteries can be cycled forming sodium superoxide (NaO2) as the sole discharge product with improved long cycle life, highlighting the beneficial role of concentrated electrolytes for Na-based batteries.
Right-Dominant Unbalanced Atrioventricular Septal Defect: Echocardiography in Surgical Decision Making

Background Management of right-dominant atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) remains a challenge given the spectrum of ventricular hypoplasia. The purpose of this study was to assess whether reported echocardiographic indices and additional measurements were associated with operative strategy in right-dominant AVSD. Methods A blinded observer retrospectively reviewed preoperative echocardiograms of patients who underwent surgery for right-dominant AVSD (January 2000 to July 2013). Ventricular dimensions, atrioventricular valve index (AVVI; left valve area/right valve area), and right ventricular (RV)/left ventricular (RV/LV) inflow angle were measured. A second observer measured a subset of studies to assess agreement. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between ventricular septal defect size (indexed to body surface area) and RV/LV inflow angle in systole. A separate validation cohort was identified using the same methodology (August 2013 to July 2016). Results Of 46 patients with right-dominant AVSD (median age, 1 day; range, 0–11 months), overall survival was 76% at 7 years. Twenty-eight patients (61%) underwent single-ventricle palliation and had smaller LV dimensions and volumes, AVVIs ( P = .005), and RV/LV inflow angles in systole ( P = .007) compared with those who underwent biventricular operations. Three patients undergoing biventricular operations underwent transplantation or died and had lower indexed LV end-diastolic volumes compared with the remaining patients ( P = .005). Interobserver agreement for the measured echocardiographic indices was good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.70–0.95). Ventricular septal defect size and RV/LV inflow angle in systole had a strong negative correlation (r = −0.7, P n = 12), RV/LV inflow angle in systole ≤ 114° yielded sensitivity of 100% and AVVI ≤ 0.70 yielded sensitivity of 88% for single-ventricle palliation. Conclusions Mortality remains high among patients with right-dominant AVSD. RV/LV inflow angle in systole and AVVI are reproducible measurements that may be used in conjunction with several echocardiographic parameters to support suitability for a biventricular operation in right-dominant AVSD.
21. Thomas’ in My Craft or Sullen Art, 6-9

(1959). 21. Thomas’ in My Craft or Sullen Art, 6-9. The Explicator: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 44-48.
Structure of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale: Reevaluated 20 Years later

The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS) is a prominent measure of key constructs in the body image literature. Despite the impact and popularity of the OBCS, however, investigations of its factor structure have been limited. To our knowledge, the present study is the first since the instrument’s development 20 years ago to provide a detailed evaluation of the replicability of the factor structure of OBCS data in a sample of U.S. college women, the population for which the measure was originally developed and is used most frequently. Specifically, we used confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the structure of OBCS data and identify areas for measure refinement. Internal consistency reliability and convergent validity were also examined. A sample of 368 U.S. college women completed the OBCS along with measures of body esteem and thin-ideal internalization as convergent validity indicators. Findings revealed that OBCS Control Beliefs items were poor indicators of the factor. A two-factor structure composed of Body Surveillance and Body Shame was supported. Support for internal consistency reliability and convergent validity was also garnered. Additionally, abbreviated versions of the Body Surveillance and Body Shame subscales produced good model-data fit without sacrificing reliability or validity. These results support the use of the OBCS Body Surveillance and Body Shame subscales to assess critical aspects of body image in research and practice contexts; the abbreviated versions of these subscales can address demands for brevity in these contexts.
Wnt7a Inhibits IL-1β Induced Catabolic Gene Expression and Prevents Articular Cartilage Damage in Experimental Osteoarthritis

Wnt7a is a protein that plays a critical role in skeletal development. However, its effect on cartilage homeostasis under pathological conditions is not known. In this study, we found a unique inverse correlation between Wnt7a gene expression and that of MMP and IL-1β in individual human OA cartilage specimens. Upon ectopic expression in primary human articular chondrocytes, Wnt7a inhibited IL-1β-induced MMP and iNOS gene expression. Western blot analysis indicated that Wnt7a induced both canonical Wnt signaling and NFAT and Akt non-canonical signaling. Interestingly, inhibiting the canonical and Akt pathway did not affect Wnt7a activity. However, inhibiting the NFAT pathway impaired Wnt7a's ability to inhibit MMP expression, suggesting that Wnt7a requires NFAT signaling to exert this function. In vivo, intraarticular injection of lentiviral Wnt7a strongly attenuated articular cartilage damage induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) OA-inducing surgery in mice. Consistently, Wnt7a also inhibited the progressive increase of joint MMP activity in DMM animals. These results indicate that Wnt7a signaling inhibits inflammatory stimuli-induced catabolic gene expression in human articular chondrocytes and is sufficient to attenuate MMP activities and promote joint cartilage integrity in mouse experimental OA, demonstrating a novel effect of Wnt7a on regulating OA pathogenesis.
Implementing Semantic Document Search Using a Bounded Random Walk in a Probabilistic Graph

Given a set of documents and an input query that is expressed using natural language, the problem of document search is retrieving all relevant documents ordered by the degree of relevance. Semantic document search fetches not only documents that contain words from the input query, but also documents that are semantically relevant. For example, the query "friendly pets" will consider documents that contain the words "dog" and "cat", among others. One way to implement semantic search is to use a probabilistic graph in which the input query is connected to the documents through paths that contain semantically similar words and phrases, where we use WordNet to initially populate the graph. Each edge in the graph is labeled with the conditional probability that the destination node is relevant given that the source node is relevant. Our semantic document search algorithm works in two phases. In the first phase, we find all documents in the graph that are close to the input query and create a bounded subgraph that includes the query, the found documents, and the paths that connect them. In the second phase, we simulate multiple random walks. Each random walk starts at the input query and continues until a document is reached, a jump outside the bounding subgraph is made, or the number of allowed jumps is exhausted. This allows us to rank the documents based on the number of random walks that terminated in them. We experimentally validated the algorithm on the Cranfield benchmark that contains 1400 documents and 225 natural language queries. We show that we achieve higher value for the mean average precision (MAP) measure than a keywords-based search algorithm and a previously published algorithm that relies on a variation of the probabilistic graph.
Using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in the pre-operative evaluation of tongue carcinoma.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in predicting tongue tumour thickness via direct and reconstructed measures, and their correlations with corresponding histological measures, nodal metastasis and extracapsular spread. Methods: A prospective study was conducted of 25 patients with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and pre-operative 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging from 2009 to 2012. Results: Correlations between 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and histological measures of tongue tumour thickness were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient: r values were 0.84 (p < 0.0001) and 0.81 (p < 0.0001) for direct and reconstructed measurements, respectively. For magnetic resonance imaging, direct measures of tumour thickness (mean ± standard deviation, 18.2 ± 7.3 mm) did not significantly differ from the reconstructed measures (mean ± standard deviation, 17.9 ± 7.2 mm; r = 0.879). Moreover, 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging had 83 per cent sensitivity, 82 per cent specificity, 82 per cent accuracy and a 90 per cent negative predictive value for detecting cervical lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: In this cohort, 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging measures of tumour thickness correlated highly with the corresponding histological measures. Further, 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging was an effective method of detecting malignant adenopathy with extracapsular spread.
Many transcription factors contribute to C. elegans growth and fat storage

Reverse genetic screens by RNA interference (RNAi) in model organisms such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have provided numerous insights into gene function, thereby connecting genotype to phenotype. However, genes that contribute only subtly are often missed because relatively large numbers of measurements and reliable quantification are required to overcome experimental and biological noise that may mask subtle phenotypic effects. Here, we address this challenge by focusing on two phenotypes in C. elegans: growth and fat storage. We carried out comprehensive RNAi knockdown of transcription factors (TFs), as these are known important regulators of biological processes during development and the maintenance of homeostasis. Microscopy images of TF knockdown animals stained with Oil Red O (ORO) were captured, and body size (proxy for growth) and ORO staining intensity (proxy for fat storage) were precisely quantified using a newly developed imaging tool we named IPPOME (Image Processing for Precise and Objective MEasurement). We found that a surprisingly large proportion of TFs contribute to growth and fat storage, but that most TFs have only subtle, yet significant effects. This study provides a blueprint for studies of other genes and phenotypes in C. elegans.
The Paradox of Technological Déjà Vu

Technological deja vu arises when events in technology markets generate an eerie sense of watching the same movie again and again. The paradox of technological deja vu highlights a resulting inconsistency: Despite resemblance with prior events, no participant in a technology has much prescience at all.
The Differential Incidence and Severity of Food Insecurity by Racial, Ethnic, and Immigrant Groups over the Great Recession in the United States

We document the differences in food insecurity incidence and severity by race/ethnicity and immigrant status over the Great Recession. We show that the disadvantaged groups with a higher incidence of food insecurity do not necessarily have a higher severity of food insecurity, which underscores the importance of examining both the extensive and intensive margins of food insecurity. Our decomposition analysis indicates that the contribution of compositional and structural factors to the observed differences in exposure to food insecurity is heterogeneous across these groups and over the Great Recession. Finally, SNAP does not seem to fundamentally change the patterns documented.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions with Students with EBD:

Significant progress has been made in developing models of social information processing, and cognitive-behavioral processes and related interventions. While there has been limited attention to cognitive-behavioral modification (CBM) in the special education literature, the majority of the contributions have come from the fields of school, clinical, and cognitive psychology. Despite well-documented needs of students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) in areas of anger/aggression, anxiety, depression, and research demonstrating the efficacy of CBM interventions in these areas, these disciplines have operated somewhat independently of each other with respect to CBM. This special issue brings together leading scholars from special education and psychology in a collaborative examination of current knowledge on cognitive-behavioral interventions for students displaying specific challenging behaviors.
Jio sparks Disruption 2.0: infrastructural imaginaries and platform ecosystems in ‘Digital India’:

In recent years, Reliance Jio’s offer of 4G services, guaranteeing free voice calls and ‘unlimited’ data streaming, lead to disruption in the Indian telecom market with other cellular operators los...
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Access and Outcomes of Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplant Among Liver Transplant Candidates With Renal Dysfunction in the United States.

BACKGROUND Since the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) allocation system was implemented, the proportion of simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (SLKT) has increased significantly. However, whether racial/ethnic disparities exist in access to SLKT and post-SLKT survival remains understudied. METHODS A retrospective cohort of patients aged ≥18 years with renal dysfunction on the liver transplant (LT) waiting list was obtained from Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Renal dysfunction was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m at listing for LT. Multilevel time-to-competing-events regression adjusting for center effect was used to examine the likelihood of receiving SLKT. Inverse probability of treatment weighted survival analyses were used to analyze posttransplant mortality outcomes. RESULTS For patients with renal dysfunction at listing for LT, not listed for simultaneous kidney transplant, non-Hispanic black (NHB) and Hispanic patients were more likely to receive SLKT than non-Hispanic white (NHW) patients (NHB: multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-4.65; Hispanic: aHR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.14-3.60). For post-SLKT outcomes, compared to NHW patients, NHB patients had a lower mortality risk before 24 months (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65-0.97) but had a higher mortality risk (aHR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.59-2.55) afterward; in contrast, Hispanic patients had a lower overall mortality risk than NHW patients (aHR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.51-0.74). CONCLUSIONS In the MELD era, racial/ethnic differences exist in access and survival of SLKT for patients with renal dysfunction at listing for LT. Future studies are warranted to examine whether these differences remain in the post-SLK allocation policy era.
Expanded hydrated vanadate for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Hydrated vanadates are promising layered cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries owing to their specific capacity as high as 400 mA h g−1; however, the structural instability causes serious cycling degradation through repeated intercalation/deintercalation reactions. This study reveals the chemically inserted Mn(II) cations act as structural pillars, expand the interplanar spacing, connect the adjacent layers and partially reduce pentavalent vanadium cations to tetravalent. The expanded interplanar spacing to 12.9 A reduces electrostatic interactions, and transition metal cations collectively promote and catalyze fast and more zinc ion intercalation at higher discharge current densities with much enhanced reversibility and cycling stability. Manganese expanded hydrated vanadate (MnVO) delivers a specific capacity of 415 mA h g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1 and 260 mA h g−1 at 4 A g−1 with a capacity retention of 92% over 2000 cycles. The energy efficiency increases from 41% for hydrated vanadium pentoxide (VOH) to 70% for MnVO at 4 A g−1 and the open circuit voltage remains at 85% of the cutoff voltage in the MnVO battery on the shelf after 50 days. Expanded hydrated vanadate with other transition metal cations for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries is also obtained, suggesting it is a general strategy for exploiting high-performance cathodes for multi-valent ion batteries.
Health Warnings on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: Simulation of Impacts on Diet and Obesity Among U.S. Adults.

Introduction Overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) is a significant contributor to obesity. Policymakers have proposed requiring health warnings on SSBs to reduce SSB consumption. Randomized trials indicate that SSB warnings reduce SSB purchases, but uncertainty remains about how warnings affect population-level dietary and health outcomes. Methods This study developed a stochastic microsimulation model of dietary behaviors and body weight using the 2005–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, research on SSB health warnings, and a validated model of weight change. In 2019, the model simulated a national SSB health warning policy's impact on SSB intake, total energy intake, BMI, and obesity among U.S. adults over 5 years. Sensitivity analyses varied assumptions about: (1) how warning efficacy changes over time, (2) the magnitude of warnings’ impact on SSB intake, and (3) caloric compensation. Results A national SSB health warning policy would reduce average SSB intake by 25.3 calories/day (95% uncertainty interval [UI]= −27.0, −23.6) and total energy intake by 31.2 calories/day (95% UI= −32.2, −30.1). These dietary changes would reduce average BMI by 0.64 kg/m2 (95% UI= −0.67, −0.62) and obesity prevalence by 3.1 percentage points (95% UI= −3.3%, −2.8%). Obesity reductions persisted when assuming warning efficacy wanes over time and when using conservative estimates of warning impact and caloric compensation. Benefits were larger for black and Hispanic adults than for white adults, and for adults with lower SES than for those with higher SES. Conclusions A national SSB health warning policy could reduce adults’ SSB consumption and obesity prevalence. Warnings could also narrow sociodemographic disparities in these outcomes.
Preferences for water treatment provision in rural India: comparing communal, pay-per-use, and labour-for-water schemes

Using a contingent valuation survey, this research identifies villagers’ willingness to pay towards the operation and maintenance of water treatment plants in 11 villages in Maharashtra with existing facilities. Preferences were elicited using three different payment mechanisms: a monthly fee, labour (time) contributions, and a pay-per-container mechanism. There was little support for the pay-per-container scheme (51% stated positive willingness to pay for this option), but the communal mechanisms were more popular (86.7% and 87.3%). We conclude that the long-term viability of water treatment in Maharashtra is weak, as few scenarios provide adequate revenue to properly operate and maintain the infrastructure.
Isobaric Triplet Cr 48 - V 48 - Ti 48

${\mathrm{Cr}}^{48}$ has been produced by the nuclear reaction ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{46}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, 2n){\mathrm{Cr}}^{48}$. The gamma spectra of this nuclide have been investigated and peaks fround at 118 kev and 307 kev. The two gamma rays are in coincidence and have the same intensity. The gamma rays of the daughter nuclide ${\mathrm{V}}^{48}$ have been shown to appear in the gamma spectra as ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{48}$ decays. The half-life of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{48}$ has been determined as 24\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 hours. The energy of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{48}$ orbital electron capture has been shown to be approximately 1.30 Mev with a very low $log\mathrm{ft}$ value. A decay scheme for the isobaric triplet ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{48}$-${\mathrm{V}}^{48}$-${\mathrm{Ti}}^{48}$ is proposed. Using the proposed decay schemes as a basis, the masses of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{48}$ and ${\mathrm{V}}^{48}$ have been calculated to be 47.96934\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}22 and 47.96749\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7, respectively.
Neuroleptic rotation for refractory agitation in cancer patients with delirium in the acute palliative care unit: A double-blind randomized clinical trial.

12006Background: Terminal agitation commonly occurs in the last days of life and is highly distressing. The role of neuroleptics is controversial and few studies have examined agitation as a primar...
Mobility but Not Balance Limitations Are Associated With Cognitive Decline among Older Hispanics.

Aging is associated with changes in lower-body functioning. The extent to which lower-body function is associated with cognitive changes over time is unclear, especially among older Hispanics, a hi...
Solvent reaction coordinate for an SN2 reaction.

We study the prototypical SN2 reaction Cl− + CH3Cl → CH3Cl + Cl− in water using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) computer simulations with transition path sampling and inertial likelihood maximization. We have identified a new solvent coordinate to complement the original atom-exchange coordinate used in the classic analysis by Chandrasekhar, Smith, and Jorgensen [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 154 (1985)]. The new solvent coordinate quantifies instantaneous solvent-induced polarization relative to the equilibrium average charge density at each point along the reaction pathway. On the basis of likelihood scores and committor distributions, the new solvent coordinate improves upon the description of solvent dynamical effects relative to previously proposed solvent coordinates. However, it does not increase the transmission coefficient or the accuracy of a transition state theory rate calculation.
Investigating the Relationship Between High-Latitude Dust and Precipitation

The effect of dust on precipitation at high latitudes has not been adequately explored as most of this research has been restricted to mid- and low-latitude regions. Even so, at these lower latitudes the relationship between dust and precipitation still has not been distinctly established. The purpose of this study is to act as a starting point for understanding the role dust plays in precipitation processes at high latitudes. Knowledge of the effects dust can have on precipitation will allow for better prediction and forecasting through an improvement of regional and global climate models. In order to investigate this relationship, we looked at instances of high-latitude dust and precipitation amounts specifically in regions of Alaska, Iceland and Patagonia. The precipitation data were separated in terms of days where dust was present, versus absent (binary basis). Most of the precipitation averages were low with the highest precipitation amounts seen only on days without dust. The data were also separated into four specific days surrounding the dust event (4-day basis); the day before the dust event, the day of, one day after and two days after. The day of and one day after were limited to having lower levels of precipitation whereas the day before and two days after exhibited a broader range of precipitation levels, which included the highest amounts. These initial observations indicated more of a negative relationship between the high-latitude dust events and precipitation. Two classifications of precipitation intensity were created and tested for the purpose of this study. After which, correlation analyses (Chi-Square Test, Fisher’s Exact Test and Rank Correlations) and classification modeling (Decision Tree modeling) were applied. The p-values from the correlation analyses were less than 0.05 suggesting that there is likely a statistically significant relationship between the high-latitude dust events and precipitation, and this relationship again appears to be slightly negative. The classification models were able to predict the precipitation amounts for the days surrounding the dust events using the two classifications. However, they were not specifically able to distinguish between each of the categories for the classifications as most of the data were in the lower categories.
Caught on camera: Cross-race interactions captured in daily life

Abstract The present study examined the prevalence of cross-race interactions occurring in daily life using wearable camera technology that captures photographs of a participants’ immediate environment and social interactions. Coders used appearance-based cues to identify the number of interaction partners captured in the photos who appeared to be White or a racial minority. We found that 29.6% of Whites’ social interactions were with racial minorities and 23.9% of racial minorities’ social interactions were with Whites. Furthermore, we examined whether personality and other individual differences correlated with being captured in more cross-race interactions. We found that Whites who used more emotion-focused coping and less emotional suppression were more likely to be captured engaging in cross-race interactions.
A portable system for isothermal amplification and detection of exosomal microRNAs.

Abstracts Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in cell-cell communication to regulate gene expression in target cells and have great potential as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. This paper reports an on-chip exosomal miRNA amplification and detection system for rapid analysis of exosomal miRNAs. The compact system consists of two connected flow cells for processing exosomes and detecting miRNAs, respectively. The miRNAs extracted from exosomes were quantitatively measured using the on-chip exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) assay. The sensor chip was designed to store multiple oligonucleotide templates for the EXPAR, mix sample and reagent, and simultaneously analyze multiple exosomal miRNAs of interest. To facilitate the miRNA analysis, a portable detection instrument was built on an IoT platform using a low-cost microcontroller to execute the EXPAR assay, collect fluorescent images, and analyze amplification curves. Here, we studied the miRNA profiles carried by exosomes derived from three different phenotypes of tissue macrophages. The affordable instrument, rapid assay, multiplexed analysis, as well as disposable sensor chip, would boost the development of point-of-care liquid biopsy tests using exosomal miRNAs.
Mammary Epithelial Cells Cultured onto Non-Woven Nanofiber Electrospun Silk-Based Biomaterials to Engineer Breast Tissue Models

xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Abstract 1 1.2. Introduction 1 1.3. Biological Features of the Breast Tissue 5 1.3.1. Anatomy and Structure of the Breast Tissue 5 1.3.2. Mechanical Properties of the Breast Tissue 6 1.3.3. Breast Development 7 1.3.4. Cancer Development & Progression 8 1.4. Breast Tissue Modeling 9 1.4.1. Clinical Potential and Other Uses 9 1.4.2. 2D vs. 3D In Vitro Models 11 1.4.3. Biomaterial Properties and Suitability for Tissue Regeneration 11 1.4.4. Early 3D Breast Models 13 1.4.5. Epithelial Cell Interactions with ECM Proteins 14
Transfer of Technology in the Contemporary International Order

This Essay begins by describing the technology transfer needs arising from both international economic integration and related international law. The Essay then examines the existing international rules for technology transfer and finds them insufficient to address these needs. The goal of this Essay is to advocate the formulation of a viable international legal framework for technology transfer. TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL ORDER
Zearalenone and flower bud formation in thin-cell layers of Nicotiana tabacum L.

Three lines of evidence indicated a connectionbetween zearalenone (ZEN) and flower bud formationin thin cell layer (TCL) explants of Nicotianatabacum L. cv. Samsun. (1) There were two peaks inthe endogenous ZEN level during the formation offlower buds. (2) The specific inhibitor of ZENbiosynthesis, malathion (MAL), inhibited thebiosynthesis of endogenous ZEN and at the same timeflower bud neoformation. (3) Exogenous ZEN inducedflower bud neoformation.
Coinfection with hepatitis C virus, oxidative stress and antioxidant status in HIV-positive drug users in Miami.

Background The pathogenesis of HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is poorly understood. We examined markers of oxidative stress, plasma antioxidants and liver disease in HIV/HCV-coinfected and HIV-monoinfected adults. Methods Demographics, medical history, and proof of infection with HIV, hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV were obtained. HIV viral load, CD4 cell count, complete blood count (CBC), complete metabolic panel, lipid profile, and plasma concentrations of zinc, selenium, and vitamins A and E were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase concentrations were obtained as measures of oxidative stress. Aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis index (FIB-4) markers were calculated. Results Significant differences were found between HIV/HCV-coinfected and HIV-monoinfected participants in levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean±standard deviation: 51.4±50.6 vs. 31.9±43.1 U/L, respectively; P=0.014), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (56.2±40.9 vs. 34.4±30.2 U/L; P<0.001), APRI (0.52±0.37 vs. 0.255±0.145; P=0.0001), FIB-4 (1.64±.0.91 vs. 1.03±0.11; P=0.0015) and plasma albumin (3.74±0.65 vs. 3.94±0.52 g/dL; P=0.038). There were no significant differences in CD4 cell count, HIV viral load or antiretroviral therapy (ART) between groups. Mean MDA was significantly higher (1.897±0.835 vs. 1.344± 0.223 nmol/mL, respectively; P=0.006) and plasma antioxidant concentrations were significantly lower [vitamin A, 39.5 ± 14.1 vs. 52.4±16.2 μg/dL, respectively (P=0.0004); vitamin E, 8.29±2.1 vs. 9.89±4.5 μg/mL (P=0.043); zinc, 0.61±0.14 vs. 0.67±0.15 mg/L (P=0.016)] in the HIV/HCV-coinfected participants than in the HIV-monoinfected participants, and these differences remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, CD4 cell count, HIV viral load, injecting drug use and race. There were no significant differences in glutathione peroxidase concentration, selenium concentration, body mass index (BMI), alcohol use or tobacco use between groups. Glutathione peroxidase concentration significantly increased as liver disease advanced, as measured by APRI (β=0.00118; P=0.0082) and FIB-4 (β=0.0029; P=0.0177). Vitamin A concentration significantly decreased (β=−0.00581; P=0.0417) as APRI increased. Conclusion HIV/HCV coinfection is associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased plasma antioxidant concentrations compared with HIV monoinfection. Research is needed to determine whether antioxidant supplementation delays liver disease in HIV/HCV coinfection.
Theory and Simulation Basis for Magnetohydrodynamic Stability in DIII-D

Theory and simulation have provided one of the critical foundations for many of the significant achievements in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability in DIII-D over the past two decades. Early signature achievements included the validation of tokamak MHD stability limits, beta and performance optimization through cross-section shaping and profiles, and the development of new operational regimes. More recent accomplishments encompass the realization and sustainment of wall stabilization using plasma rotation and active feedback, a new understanding of edge stability and its relation to edge-localized modes, and recent successes in predicting resistive tearing and interchange instabilities. The key to success has been the synergistic tie between the theory effort and the experiment made possible by the detailed equilibrium reconstruction data available in DIII-D and the corresponding attention to the measured details in the modeling. This interaction fosters an emphasis on the important phenomena and leads to testable theoretical predictions. Also important is the application of a range of analytic and simulation techniques, coupled with a program of numerical tool development. The result is a comprehensive integrated approach to fusion science and improving the tokamak approach to burning plasmas.
Thermal transport in laminar flow over superhydrophobic surfaces, utilizing an effective medium approach

An analytical methodology to characterizing the effects of heat transport in internal laminar flows over ridged patterns, mimicking superhydrophobic surfaces, is indicated. The finite slip velocity on such surfaces and the thermal conductivity characteristics of the constituent material are both shown to modify the convective heat transport in the fluid. We use an effective medium approach to model the lowered thermal conductivity caused by the presence of air in the ridge interstices. The proposed analytical solutions for fully developed flow were verified through comparison with numerical simulations for a periodically ridged geometry in laminar flow. While the convective heat transport and the Nusselt Number (Nu) increase due to the modified fluid velocity profile on superhydrophobic surfaces, the decrease in the thermal conductivity of the substrate may play a larger role in determining the overall heat transfer in the channel.