cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Steroid metabolism in human breast cancer cell lines.

Abstract The metabolism of 1,2-3H-androstenedione was studied in 2 cell lines, MCF-7 (estrogen responsive) and BT-20 (estrogen nonresponsive) over 48 hrs. Water soluble and unconjugated metabolites were separated by solvent partition and the former was submitted to chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and enzyme hydrolysis. The resulting unconjugated steroids were separated by paper chromatography and identities were established by reverse isotope dilution. The unconjugated steroids initially obtained were separated by chromatography and identified by reverse isotope dilution. About 70% of the androstenedione was metabolized by both cell lines. However, the respective conversions to conjugates by MCF-7 and BT-20 were 31% and 0.32%. In the former, glucosiduronates predominated (94%) and consisted of androsterone (55%), etiocholanolone (9.4%) and androstanediol (5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol) (9.3%). Androsterone comprised most of the unconjugated metabolites in both cell lines. Androstanediol was found in both cell lines, 2% in MCF-7 and 12% in BT-20. Testosterone, 5α-androstane-3,17-dione and 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one were isolated only from MCF-7. The metabolism of 3H-estriol was studied in a similar way. Both cell lines produced about equal amounts of estriol-3-sulfate (9%) and a compound with properties of estriol-3-glucosiduronate (0.15 – 0.5%). The results worthy of emphasis are: 1. The far greater conjugation of androgens exhibited by the MCF-7 cell lines as compared to the BT-20 cell lines; 2. In MCF-7, the high conversion of androstenedione to etiocholanolone (glucosiduronate form), a metabolite reported to form only in liver and sebaceous cysts; 3. The possible formation in both cell lines of estriol-3-glucosiduronate, normally a metabolite of the intestine.
Heat death in a pig

A 25-kg pig died after being acutely exposed to an environmental temperature of 38°C for 5 1/4 hr. Rectal temperature rose from 39.1° to 42.8°C in 4 1/2 hr, and to 44.8° in the next 30 min, then declined slightly before the animal died 20 min later. Blood samples collected 5 min prior to heat death showed values of: pH, 7.37; plasma CO2, 30.6 vol. %; blood pyruvic acid, 16.0 mg/100 ml; and lactic acid,99 mg/100 ml. Normal values for these traits obtained at 21°C were; pH, 7.46; plasma CO2, 64.4 vol. %; pyruvic acid, 4.1 mg/100 ml; and lactic acid, 11 mg/100 ml. These profound changes suggest a complete disruption of the oxidative processes of the body.
Computed tomography and trauma myron

Abstract The evaluation of patients with trauma to the acetabulum may be difficult due to the complex bony structures and the patient's clinical condition. Computed tomography is a method for simple and accurate examination.
Economic Impediments to Women’s Success on Parole: “We Need Someone on Our Side”

The number of women under community supervision has increased in recent years. However, empirical research on women parolees’ experiences is quite limited. Women parolees are faced with daunting challenges that may impede their success on parole. Using face-to-face interviews with 60 women parolees in a Southern state, this qualitative study examined the perceived barriers to women’s success on parole. Women parolees identified economic variables as critical barriers to their parole adjustment.
Estimation of Fade and Dissolve Parameters for Weighted Prediction in H.264/AVC

Weighted prediction (WP) is one way of overcoming the limitations of simple motion compensation for scenes with gradual transitions such as fades or dissolves. In WP, the predictions for inter coded blocks are obtained from scaled versions of the reference frames. H.264/AVC is the first video coding standard that has incorporated WP tools. In this paper, we focus on the estimation of weights for WP in dissolves. Our findings indicate that the estimation approaches for dissolves should be different from the estimation approaches for fades. Specifically, estimating the weights jointly for the two reference frames of B-frames gives better performance for dissolves under most circumstances.
Towards the prioritization of regression test suites with data flow information

Regression test prioritization techniques re-order the execution of a test suite in an attempt to ensure that defects are revealed earlier in the test execution phase. In prior work, test suites were prioritized with respect to their ability to satisfy control flow-based and mutation-based test adequacy criteria. In this paper, we propose an approach to regression test prioritization that leverages the all-DUs test adequacy criterion that focuses on the definition and use of variables within the program under test. Our prioritization scheme is motivated by empirical studies that have shown that (i) tests fulfilling the all-DUs test adequacy criteria are more likely to reveal defects than those that meet the control flow-based criteria, (ii) there is an unclear relationship between all-DUs and mutation-based criteria, and (iii) mutation-based testing is significantly more expensive than testing that relies upon all-DUs.In support of our prioritization technique, we provide a formal statement of the algorithms and equations that we use to instrument the program under test, perform test suite coverage monitoring, and calculate test adequacy. Furthermore, we examine the architecture of a tool that implements our novel prioritization scheme and facilitates experimentation. The use of this tool in a preliminary experimental evaluation indicates that, for three case study applications, our prioritization can be performed with acceptable time and space overheads. Finally, these experiments also demonstrate that the prioritized test suite can have an improved potential to identify defects earlier during the process of test execution.
A Learning Theory of the American Anti-Vietnam War Movement*

Since the end of the Second World War, radical and revolutionary movements have played prominent roles in domestic and international politics. Research on these movements has focused on two separate dependent variables, why individuals join a movement, and why individuals or movements engage in civil strife (cf. Keniston 1968 and Gurr 1970). This dual focus tends to overlook the fact that there is usually a time lag between the formation of a movement and its use of civil strife as a political strategy. This paper will try to fill this gap in the literature by developing a theory that will explain how movements learn to adopt and reject different political strategies. The intention is to provide a complementary explanation to the work cited above, rather than a competing theory. The theory will be derived by searching the learning theory literature to discover basic insights that might be useful in explaining political behavior. These insights will then be formalized into a model, and applied to the American anti-Vietnam war movement. The use of a single case to inductively generate a set of propositions means that the analysis is strictly theoretical and does not attempt to systematically test the theory.
Brunelleschi's mirror, Alberti's window, and Galileo's 'perspective tube'

This essay argues that the advent of linear perspective, ca. 1425, when Filippo Brunelleschi painted a small panel of the Florentine Baptistery by applying the geometric rules of optical mirror reflection, was more than just an artistic event. Indeed, it subsequently had the most profound - and quite unanticipated - influence on the rise of modern science. Surely, by 1609, Galileo would not have understood what he saw when observing the moon through his newly invented optical telescope, then called the 'perspective tube,' had it not been for his training in perspective drawing. Yet, Brunelleschi's original dependence on the mirror two centuries earlier was intended not to reveal objective 'scientific' reality, but rather to reinforce Christian spiritual 'reality.' In 1435-6, Leon Battista Alberti, when codifying Brunelleschi's perspective in his famous "Treatise on Painting," substituted a gridded window for Brunelleschi's mirror, thus redirecting the purpose of perspective art away from revealing God's divine order as reflected on earth, to a more secular physical reality viewed directly in relation to human moral order.
Independent Faddeev Amplitudes in the Three-Nucleon Problem

A straightforward procedure is given for determining the independent three-nucleon Faddeev amplitudes for the case of nucleon-nucleon interactions in a given set of partial waves. As an example, the independent positive-parity amplitudes for total trinucleon angular momentum and isospin \textonehalf{} are given for the case of $J$ and $L$ (nucleon-nucleon) \ensuremath{\le}2. It is shown that three of the independent Faddeev amplitudes were neglected by Gignoux and Laverne in their recent paper on the three-nucleon bound state.
Introduction to the interactive financial planning system (IFPS)

A brief introduction to financial modeling is provided; summary information about key aspects of the computer-based, interactive financial modeling system IFPS (Interactive Financial Planning System) is given; alternative financial modeling systems are commented upon; the hardware for which IFPS is available is summarized; and IFPS literature having either an educational or an application orientation is cited. The tutorial itself will focus on the fundamental semantics, syntax, and steps involved in using IFPS to build, solve, and interrogate financial-planning models.
Ocular Complications of Vincristine Therapy

Vincristine sulfate (Oncovin) is a commonly used drug in the treatment of acute leukemia and other malignancies. This paper lists a series of 20 patients with ptosis, other ocular muscle paresis, and fifth and seventh nerve involvement which appeared to have been induced by vincristine. Most showed signs of peripheral neuropathy, other cranial nerve palsies, nausea and vomiting, constipation, or alopecia as well. Toxic reactions usually improved following decreased dosage or discontinuation of drug therapy.
Equity Participation without Equity: An Analysis of Hope Notes

The paper examines the case of splitting a defaulted mortgage loan on a commercial property into an A note that earns interest and a B note that earns a return only if the value of the property increases. The B note is known as a “hope note.” The paper shows that the current methods for structuring such a deal often produce a B note that is worthless. A state-preference model is employed.
Sigma-model superstring corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action

Abstract The action is constructed whose equations of motion coincide with the condition of vanishing four-loop β-function for the N =1 supersymmetric non-linear σ-model in two dimensions. It is shown that it represents the correct generalization of the corresponding effective action derived from the four-graviton scattering amplitude for type II superstrings.
Measuring Changes in Attitude toward Drug Abuse: A Preliminary Report of a Method

Actual drug related incidents occurring in public schools were used as the basis of a testing instrument designed to detect changes in teachers' attitudes as a result of a drug education course using the Social Seminar as a focus. Trial results on 200 teachers indicate that the instrument does measure changes in attitude occurring as a result of drug education. The changes occurring reflect a move from punitive to rehabilitative measures in response to major drug incidents and an increasing tendency to ignore minor infractions. Pretreatment-posttreatment differences were statistically significant but accounted for a relatively small portion of the total variance.
Population Differentiation, Spatial Variation, and Sampling of Tall Fescue under Grazing

Tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea Schreb.] is the most important cool-season perennial forage grass in Alabama and the southeastern USA. Genetic variation is essential for breeding improved cultivars, and understanding factors influencing genetic variability in pastures is important if material from existing pastures is to be used in a breeding program. This study was conducted to determine the extent of differentiation for agronomic traits in pastures grazed long-term and to investigate possible spatial variation and its effect on sampling. Three populations from permanent pasture treatments of the USDA SARE cropping system trial in Virginia were sampled: (i) pure tall fescue fertilized with N, stocked continuously (Fescue + N); (ii) tall fescue-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixture used as hay and pasture (Fescue + alfalfa); and (iii) tall fescue-red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) mixture used as hay and pasture (Fescue + red clover). The tall fescue cultivar was endophyte-free Ky 31 [fescue endophyte: Neotyphodium coenophialum; syn. Acremonium coenophialum]. Plants from these paddocks were established in central Alabama in 1995. Original seed from the SARE trial were also germinated for establishing the original population. Ex situ evaluation was conducted in Alabama (1995-1997). Compared with plants derived from the original seed lot, plants derived from pastures under grazing had significantly earlier maturity, higher dry matter (DM) yield per plant, and larger plant diameter, indicating population differentiation in response to grazing. No significant differences were observed among populations with different pasture management treatments. Statistical and graphical analysis of spatial variation of agronomic traits showed no spatial relationships in any of the six sampled paddocks. Bootstrap estimates of minimum and maximum values indicated that 25 individuals per paddock captured most of the phenotypic variation within each paddock. A random walk approach covering the entire unit being sampled seems therefore to be an appropriate strategy for sampling similar pastures to obtain base material for a breeding program.
Unsubstantiated Beliefs among Beginning Psychology Students: 1925, 1952, 1983:

Nixon's (1925) questionnaire involving unsubstantiated beliefs (superstitions) among American beginning psychology students—partially replicated by Levitt (1952)—was completed by a group of Australian, Bachelor of Arts, students, beginning their study of psychology. The mean percentage of superstition per item was reported by Nixon to be 30.4% with Levitt claiming that 25 years or so later it had dropped to 6.5% (figures for males only). In the present sample, however, the level of superstition was 21.0%.
Spatial factors contribute to benthic diatom structure in streams across spatial scales: Considerations for biomonitoring

Abstract Diatoms are widely used in the biological monitoring of streams because they are strong responders to environmental change, but dispersal and spatial factors can play important and potentially confounding roles in the presence, absence, and abundance of species along with characterizing species–environment relationships. To examine how spatial factors affect diatom community structure and biomonitoring, multiple scales were sampled including the Western Allegheny Plateau ( n = 58), Leading Creek watershed ( n = 18), and the adjacent Shade River watershed ( n = 21) in southeast Ohio. Partitioning of spatial, environmental, and spatially-structured environmental variation was conducted on diatom assemblages and on diatom metrics used in biomonitoring. At the regional scale, diatom assemblages and metrics had strong relationships with agricultural ( e . g ., significant correlations with nutrients, conductivity, and pasture/row crops in the watershed) and alkalinity gradients. Diatom assemblages and metrics in both watersheds were strongly associated with acid mine drainage (AMD) impacts, and when spatial factors were set as covariables in CCAs, relationships with AMD gradients became even stronger, indicating the need to consider how spatial factors could reduce the strength of diatom-environment relationships. Metrics calculated at all scales had very little variation explained exclusively by spatial factors, likely because multiple species are combined into a simplified metric that reduces the effects of species dispersal. Local environmental variables accounted for 57, 42, and 42% of the total variation explained (TVE), and spatial variables accounted for 28, 31, and 37% of the TVE in the regional, Leading Creek, and Shade River datasets, respectively. The amounts of variation in diatom assemblages explained solely by spatial factors at these scales were substantial and similar to what has been reported at continental, national, and large regional (Level I Omernik ecoregions) scales (approximately 1/3 of TVE). Although amounts of variation explained are similar across scales, processes underlying the spatial structure likely differ. In addition to describing ecological patterns, recognizing the potential influence of spatial factors could improve the identification and management of environmental problems at a range of scales, as well as aid in the development of new research questions and hypotheses aimed at exploring factors that could explain portions of the spatially explicit variation.
Preparation of large epoxy sections for light microscopy as an adjunct to fine-structure studies.

Tissue blocks 2 × 2 × 0.4 cm were fixed 6-24 hr in phosphate-buffered 5% glutaraldehyde then sliced to 2 × 2 × 0.1 cm and soaked in 0.1 phosphate-buffer (pH 7.3) for at least 12 hr. Fixation was continued for 2 hr in phosphate-buffered 1-2% OsO4. The slices were dehydrated, infiltrated with Araldite, and embedded in flat-bottomed plastic molds. Sectioning at 1-8 μ with a sliding microtome was facilitated by addition of 10% dibutylphthalate to the standard epoxy mixture. The sections were spread on warm 1% gelatin and attached to glass slides by drying, baking at 60 C, fixing in 10% formalin or 5% glutaraldehyde and baking again. Sections were mordanted in 5% KMnO4 (5 min), bleached with 5% oxalic acid (5 min) and neutralized in 1% Li2CO3 (1 min). Several stains could then be applied: azure B, toluidine blue, azure B-malachite green, Stirling's gentian violet, MacCallum's stain (modified), tribasic stain (modified) and phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin. Nuclei, mitochondria, specific granules, elastic tissu...
Correlates of functional status in older patients with schizophrenia.

There is a growing recognition of the importance of quantifying the impact of illness on functional abilities. Measures of function frequently rely on a self-report. Few studies have directly assessed functional capacity in psychiatric patients, especially older ones who may be at an increased risk for disability. Subjects were 102 middle-aged and elderly outpatients with DSM-III-R or DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and 66 normal comparison subjects, ranging in age from 45 to 86. The Direct Assessment of Functional Status (DAFS), a standardized measure of behavior during simulated daily activity tasks (i.e. time orientation, communication, transportation, finance, shopping, grooming and eating) was used to quantify levels of disability. Schizophrenic patients demonstrated significantly greater disability than normal subjects. An evaluation of specific behaviors indicated that the patients were significantly more limited than comparison subjects across all subscales of the DAFS except for grooming and eating. A lower level of formal education, greater severity of extrapyramidal symptoms, and greater cognitive deficits, but not severity of symptoms of schizophrenia, were related to lower DAFS scores. Relative to published findings, schizophrenic patients appeared more disabled than outpatients with major depression, but less disabled than those with Alzheimer's disease. The DAFS is a useful instrument for characterizing functional abilities in older patients with schizophrenia. Our findings of significant functional disability in older schizophrenic patients have implications for treatment as well as allocation of health-care resources.
Strength of Adirondack Anorthosite at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures

A block of fine-grained anorthosite consisting of 90 to 95 percent plagioclase and 5 to 10 percent mafics was collected from the AuSable Forks quadrangle in the northeastern Adirondacks. Its strength was determined in triaxial compressive tests for temperatures from 400° C to 1000° C and for confining pressures between 4.4 kb and 14.8 kb. The plagioclase has an average composition of An 50 and an intermediate structural state. The strength of the anorthosite increases with increasing confining pressure and with decreasing temperature, ranging from 25 kb at 400° C, and 14.8kb to less than 2 kb at 1000° C, and 4.4 kb for 8 percent strain. Only albite and pericline twins were observed in the plagioclase before and after experimental deformation; failure under the conditions reported here was largely by shear fracture and cataclasis.
Selective Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Gases Containing Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide Using Diethanolamine

Abstract It is sometimes necessary to selectively remove hydrogen sulfide from gases containing carbon dioxide. This may be the case for example in the production of sulfur using the Claus process. When two gases are simultaneously absorbed into a solution containing a reactant with which each gas can react, the rate of absorption of each component is affected by the presence of the other gas. For the absorption of hydrogen sulfide into primary and secondary amines, the reaction which occurs can usually be considered to be instantaneous. An instantaneous reaction is diffusion-limited since the reaction occurs so rapidly that the liquid phase reactant and the absorbed gas cannot coexist in the same region of the liquid. For primary and secondary amines used for gas treatment, the reaction with carbon dioxide is much slower than for hydrogen sulfide and can often be considered to be second order. In this work the simultaneous absorption of two gases into a liquid containing a reactant with which both gases ...
An efficient synthesis of 1,6- and 1,7-dibromo-3-aminoisoquinolines: versatile templates for the preparation of functionalized isoquinolines

An efficient synthetic route to 1,6- and 1,7-dibromo-3-aminoisoquinoline was devised. These intermediates served as ideal templates for the preparation of 3-aminoisoquinoline analogues functionalized at C(6) or C(7).
Utilizing a social networking site as a web portal to process CReSIS radar data

Scientists have shown that declines in the mass of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets will lead to sea level rise affecting large areas of coastlines. Data is being collected by researchers regarding the mass of the ice creating large amounts of data which can be overwhelming to undergraduate and K-12 researchers. Visualization can lead to a better understanding of this data and guide students to involvement in polar research. The goal of this project was the implementation of code to provide an interactive display of ice depth data from Greenland expeditions. The project required the cooperation of the CReSIS and PolarGrid partnerships. The implementation involved the use of a social networking site as a gateway to ice depth data. This project is the basis of a cyberinfrastructure gateway to be implemented at ECSU using an intermediary shared services approach versus the previous generation of component based portals.
Death before dying : the Sufi poems of Sultan Bahu

These 115 poems introduce readers in English to Sultan Bahu (d. 1691), a Sufi mystical poet who continues to be one of the most beloved writers in Punjabi. Bahu, whose name translates as "With God", remains highly popular in Pakistan and India today - even illiterate Punjabis can recite his poetry by heart.
The effect of physicochemical properties on the in vitro diffusion of drug through synthetic membranes and pigskin. I: Methyl salicylate

Abstract The in vitro diffusion of methyl salicylate (11.6% w/w) from solutions and emulsions across different synthetic membranes and pigskin was examined. Diffusion studies were performed in a two-compartment glass diffusion cell. The membranes studied included cellulose, dimethyl polysiloxane, polyethylene, polycaprolactam (nylon) and pigskin. Methyl salicylate solutions and emulsions were prepared with derivatives of lanolin and methyl glucoside. Except for one solution and one emulsion, the diffusion profiles exhibited the same rank order of membrane penetration: dimethyl polysiloxane > cellulose > polyethylene, pigskin. Attempts were made to relate the differences in the permeability coefficient with membrane type, physicochemical properties of the drug and vehicle, dielectric constant, aqueous solubility and viscosity.
Fragmentation and development of preimplantation porcine embryos derived by parthenogenetic activation and nuclear transfer

Fragmentation occurs during early developmental stages of electrically activated oocytes and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. It might contribute to the low developmental rate of porcine NT embryos. The present study was conducted to investigate whether the addition of sugars such as sorbitol or sucrose suppresses fragmentation and supports the development of electrically activated oocytes and NT embryos. The activated oocytes were cultured in Porcine Zygote Medium-3 (PZM-3) supplemented with sorbitol or sucrose for 2 days after electric activation, and then cultured in the PZM-3 for the remaining 4 days. The osmolarities of PZM-3, PZM-3 supplemented with 0.05 or 0.1 M sorbitol, and PZM-3 with 0.05 M sucrose were 269 +/- 6.31, 316 +/- 3.13, 362 +/- 4.37, and 315 +/- 5.03 mOsm, respectively. When parthenogentically activated oocytes were cultured in PZM-3 supplemented with 0.05 M sorbitol or sucrose for the first 2 days and then cultured in PZM-3 without sugar, a significantly higher (P < 0.05) cleavage rate and blastocyst rate were observed. Interestingly, addition of sugar to PZM-3 for 2 days reduced the fragmentation rate compared to PZM-3 without sugar. In NT embryos, sugar addition into PZM-3 increased the fusion rate (84.2% +/- 6.07 vs. 95.1% +/- 2.52), cleavage rate (67.6% +/- 5.80 vs. 77.3% +/- 3.03), and developmental rate to the blastocyst stage (10.2% +/- 0.79 vs. 19.4% +/- 1.77). There was no significant difference between treatments for the number of the blastocysts. In addition the fragmentation rate was reduced compared to PZM-3 without sorbitol (26.1 +/- 4.30 vs. 14.5 +/- 1.74). In conclusion, increasing the osmolarity of PZM-3 through addition of either sorbitol or sucrose for 48 hr increased the cleavage and developmental rate to the blastocyst stage by reducing the fragmentation rate through increasing osmolarity.
L.I.4

The limb girdle muscular dystrophies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. Both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms exist, and are due to mutations in genes involved in a variety of cellular processes and encoding proteins across a range of functions. Among these are transmembrane proteins involved in cytoskeletal linkage to the extracellular matrix (the sarcoglycans) and in membrane repair (dysferlin), as well as the intracellular protease calpain 3 and the sarcomeric protein myotilin. This heterogeneity results in various specific target approaches for developing molecular therapies, including gene replacement, surrogate gene transfer, and siRNA knockdown, several of which have been in or will soon reach clinical trials. Recent advancements and challenges in the field will be reviewed.
Molecules That Cause or Prevent Parkinson's Disease

An overview of the molecules and associated cell biology underlying neuron death in Parkinson's Disease.
Functional Requirements For Interfacing PACS To RIS

This paper will discuss the functional requirements for interfacing Picture Archiving and Communications Systems (PACS) to today's radiology information systems (RIS). It is clear from the operational modeling study done at UNC, that a fully functional PACS will require the use of RIS data. For example, patient ID, scheduling, and information tracking are usually part of a RIS and must be available to the PACS. Similarly, the image tracking and index capabilities of the PACS will be used by the RIS. As part of our modeling data flow analysis research program, we have identified a number of these interactions. The interface points will be identified and discussed with emphasis on the operational impact of such an interface and efficiencies likely to be provided.
Collisionless Saturnian rings

Abstract We show that particles orbiting a central body ( i.e. , Saturn's rings) can be assembled into one or more dense ( i.e. , opaque) independent rings without interparticle collisions taking place despite the inevitable particle oscillations about the ring plane. The resultant apparent bulk motion is a slow “rolling” motion of the ring, as it orbits, the individual rings describing a “helical” motion. Such rings would only evolve due to external perturbations or (slow) internal gravitational perturbations, since the particles need never collide. This picture opens up the possibility of having hollow rings, for example. Moreover, it is possible that an initially uniform disk of randomly moving particles may spontaneously separate into a series of such rings. The consequence would be a striated disk having virtually zero internal viscosity.
Volcanology: Messy magma mixtures

Andesite magmas were once thought to be simple melts derived from a subducting oceanic slab or the mantle. Analysis of lavas at Mount Hood shows that instead andesites are a complex mixture of magmas formed in the continental crust just before eruption.
Mechanical relaxations and melting in semicrystalline polymers

Abstract It has long been known that there are relationships between glass temperatures and melting points in semicrystalline polymers. Boyer [1] and Beaman [2] observed that the glass temperature is usually ½ to ⅔ of the melting point in degrees absolute. More recently, Boyer [3] has reviewed what is known about the dependence of these properties on molecular structure.
New understanding of the causes and surgical treatment of postherniorrhaphy inguinodynia and orchalgia.

Advances in inguinal hernia repair, such as the use of prosthetic materials and new techniques, have markedly reduced the postherniorrhaphy recurrence rate. However, chronic pain after hernia repair is of continuing concern. According to the Swedish Hernia Registry, the incidence of chronic pain postherniorrhaphy is greater than that of hernia recurrence [1]. We have previously described the causes, prevention, and surgical treatment of postherniorrhaphy chronic pain [2].
Psychological Factors in Postmastectomy Adjustment

This study examined various psychological factors associated with cancer and its treatment in women. 10 mastectomy patients were compared with 6 gynecological cancer and 5 breast biopsy patients to measure changes in body image, depression, and over-all adjustment over a 2-mo. period. Analysis indicated significantly more severe depression among the gynecologic oncological patients when compared with the other two groups. These patients also showed significantly poorer body image. No significant differences between groups in over-all adjustment were found.
White Separatists and Black Separatists: A Comparative Analysis

A major weakness in many treatments of the models, historical or contemporary, which delineate the preferred goals of interethnic and interracial adjustment in America has been the omission of separatist models. This paper focuses on certain extreme separatist models proposed in regard to black-white adjustment, first by examining the historical background, then by re-analyzing recent survey data to assess the extent to which rank-and-file white and black Americans support separatist solutions. Demographic and attitudinal correlates of separatism are also systematically examined. In the light of the surprisingly strong white support for separatism found in the survey data, the conclusion raises some questions about Parsons' view of the ongoing inclusion process.
Isozymes of the Isoetes riparia Complex, II. Ancestry and Relationships of Polyploids

Abstract Isoetes riparia is a complex tetraploid taxon of eastern North America that in its widest sense includes a diversity of morphotypes variously segregated, or included in a single polymorphic species. Although the diploid ancestry of I. riparia has been proposed as I. echinospora × engelmannii, it is uncertain whether this ancestry applies to all elements of the complex, here broadly defined to encompass three segregates of I. riparia and the recently described I. hyemalis (referred to informally as riparia, canadensis, saccharata and hyemalis). To help clarify relationships among these tetraploids, isozyme genotypes for 13 loci coding eight enzymes, were determined for 16 populations representing all four segregates. Duplicate gene expression, evidenced as fixed heterozygosity consistent with allopolyploidy, characterized the tetraploid genotypes of all taxa. Although exhibiting modest to no variation within populations, populations were highly differentiated, most showing a unique combination of ...
The hemoglobins of Artemia salina—III. Characterization

1. 1. Three brine shrimp hemoglobins (Hb-1, Hb-2, and Hb-3) have the same sedimentation coefficient (S20,w = 11.3S). The three native molecules have a molecular weight of about 230,000 and are stable at ionic strength 0.04–2.04 and pH 7.5–9.8. 2. 2. At pH 5.6 and below and at pH 11.4 and above, the three native molecules (11.3S) dissociate into smaller species (6.8S and 3–4S). 3. 3. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Hb-1, Hb-2, and Hb-3 dissociate into monomers of approximately the same size. 4. 4. The molecular weight of the subunits is 19,000, determined by iron content of Hb-2 and Hb-3. We conclude that each of the three native molecules consists of 12 monomers of 19,000 mol. wt. 5. 5. The amino acid compositions of the three hemoglobins are similar to that of the hemoglobin of a conchostracan crustacean (Cyzicus).
Food Intake Patterns of Taiwanese Women Living in Taiwan or Southern California

Abstract Transmigration may change overall dietary quality and dietary factors associated with risk for chronic disease. Few studies of transmigrant Chinese have concentrated on women or limited subject recruitment by both the region from and to which subjects migrated. We recruited Taiwanese women between 34 and 54 years of age, who lived either in Taiwan [N= 40] or had been U.S. residents for at least 5 years [N= 31]. Therefore, all of the Chinese subjects in this study were originally Taiwanese. The test instrument, adapted from a standard food frequency questionnaire [Willett et al, Am J Epidem, 1985; 122 :51–65] and a fat/cholesterol consumption scale [Knapp et al, J Am Diet Assoc, 1988; 88 :172–7] also queried subjects about demographic factors. The test instrument was available in either English or Chinese. The food frequency questionnaire was used to examine patterns of food consumption and data were not converted into estimations of nutrient intake. Neither age nor body mass index of the women differed by residence location. Women living in Taiwan [TW] consumed dairy foods [p
Fast Transient “Photoconductivity” in Semiconducting Polymers: Free Carrier Photocurrent or Displacement Current Generated by Electric-Field-Induced Polarization of Bound Excitons?

Abstract We have re-examined the displacement current interpretation of the fast transient photocurrent in semiconducting polymers. We find that our earlier calculation was in error by a factor of 4π (arising from incorrectly converting from MKS units). We re-evaluate the displacement current contribution using the earlier data obtained from spin-cast PPV and data from tensile drawn samples of PPV. The drawn and oriented PPV yields a fast transient photocurrent that is three orders of magnitude larger than that obtained from spin-cast films (when normalized to the same incident photon flux and to the same applied electric field). For the best samples, analysis of the data in terms of a displacement current from bound excitons would require an exciton polarizability, (α exc > 10 7 A 3 , far too large to arise from bound excitons. For comparison, we summarize the data available from other conjugated polymers as well
Assessing fluid responsiveness with esophageal Doppler dynamic indices: concepts and methods.

Sir: We read with great interest the studies published by Drs. Monnet et al. [1] and Vallee et al. [2] concerning the assessment of fluid responsiveness using esophageal Doppler in mechanically ventilated patients. The two medical teams found that stroke volume (aortic blood flow) variations are valuable tools to measure fluid responsiveness in these kind of patients. We would like to add some comments to their findings. Although the authors presented no correlations between baseline dynamic indexes and cardiac index changes after volume infusion, the good discrimination of these indexes between responders and nonresponders provide evidence that an adequate correlation exists (mathematical transitivity). However, cardiac index and these baseline dynamic indexes are measured simultaneously by the same method (device). Thus this finding may be biased, as flow velocity time integral is a shared variable in the calculation of both cardiac index and stroke volume (aortic blood flow) variations. Consequently a mathematical coupling may have contributed to the observed reliable discrimination of these indices between responders and nonresponders [3]. We believe that the authors should acknowledge this limitation in the manuscript discussion.
Simulating the recent evolution of the southern big bend of the San Andreas fault, Southern California

[1] The southern big bend of the San Andreas fault has been interpreted to have successively abandoned two strands, the Mission Creek and Mill Creek strands of the San Andreas fault, during the past 1 Ma before taking up activity along its present-day configuration. This evolution is simulated within three-dimensional models to explore the hypothesis that fault systems evolve to increase mechanical efficiency. The three-dimensional boundary element method models are validated by comparison of modeled fault slip rates and uplift rates with geologic data. The model results match well the geologic strike-slip rates and uplift patterns. Overestimation of reverse slip rates along the northern San Bernardino Mountains may reflect model assumptions of fault geometry. The partitioning of slip among active faults changes between the three phases of southern San Andreas fault evolution revealing (1) a trade-off in strike-slip rates between the San Jacinto and San Andreas faults, (2) a trade-off between strike-slip rates on the San Andreas fault and reverse slip along faults associated with uplifting the San Bernardino Mountains, and (3) a trade-off in strike-slip rates along the San Andreas and strike-slip rates along the Eastern California Shear Zone. Mechanical efficiency of the entire model increases from the Mission Creek to Mill Creek fault configuration and decreases from the Mill Creek configuration to the present-day configuration. The decrease in mechanical efficiency with the transition to the present-day fault geometry may reflect gaps in our understanding of tectonic loading and/or fault geometry.
Specific perceptual remediation: effects related to sex, IQ, and parents' occupational status; behavioral change pattern by scale factors; and mechanism of benefit hypothesis tested.

Data from a study that had shown significant perceptual, intellectual, reading, and behavioral improvement from channel-specific perceptual training were reanalyzed. In a pretest-posttest design with two control groups matched for sex, IQ, and school, 86 first graders identified as vulnerable (out of 217 screened perceptually) had been assigned to three groups: ( a ) channel-specific training ( n = 23) as advocated by Silver and Hagin, ( b ) regular academic tutoring ( n = 23, contact controls, who had the same amount and time of tutor contact as trained subjects), or (c) no-contact controls (n = 40) . Followup testing 1 yr. afcer posttest had shown more advantage for trained subjects relative to the control subjects than at the posttest. Five new analyses assess effects of sex, intelligence. and parental occupational status on response to channel-specific perceptual training, yield a factor description of the pattern of behavioral change, and test an hypothesis about one rnechaoism of benefit. Neither baseline IQ nor parents' occupational status significantly predicted differential benefit from channel-specific training. Most differences by sex were nonsignificant, with two exceptions. The Conners and Quay-Peterson behavior scales each had four factors. The previously reported whole-scale sum advantage of channel-specific training seemed mainly due to the trained group's improvement on the hyperkinetic and shy-inept factors and to deterioration of controls on the depressed, dyssocial, and antisocial/irnmacure factors. For the unsocialized-rebellious factor, boys seemed to benefit from any contact with tutors, while girls required the training, i.e., were not helped by control contact. The factor subscale "depressed" suggested significant depression was likely to develop with unremediated perceptual deficits; boys more than girls seemed to be spared this depression by having channel-specific training. The hypothesis for behavioral advantage of channel-specific training (that behavioral improvement resulted from improvement in reading, which resulted from perceptual improvement) was tested by correlating changes in reading achievement with perceptual changes and also with changes in behavioral ratings. The hypothesis was supported by five significant correlations out of eight with the change in perceptual tests from pretest to follow-up and by nine significant correlations out of 11 with changes in behavioral scores.
AERICOMP: an aerial photo comparison system

This paper describes a system, which compares aerial photographs of the same terrain taken at different times and tires to recognize straight-edged cultural features that have changed. This work is intended to be highly robust, handling very different lighting conditions, weather, times of year, camera, and film between the images to be compared. Our system AERICOMP is designed to facilitate battlefield terrain modeling by permitting automatic updates form new images. AERICOMP does coarse registration, image correction, feature detection, automatic refined registration, feature difference detection and reduction, feature difference presentation and operator acceptance, difference identification, and database update. It emphasizes line segments for comparisons because differences in them are more robust for photometric changes between terrain images. In addition, line segment comparisons require less computation than pixel comparisons and are more compatible with identification tasks. For our intended application of battlefield terrain modeling, detecting changes in man-made structures is of much greater importance than changes in vegetation, and line segments are the key to identifying such structures. We show results involving change analysis between color IR and black/white USGS photographs of the same area six years apart. Even a mostly automatic system benefits form user interacting at key points. AERICOMP exploits user judgements at the beginning and end of its processing to assist in coarse registration and to approve the significance of any differences found. AERICOMP is currently under development at the Naval Postgraduate School, and is supported by the TENCAPS project under the US Navy.
Targeting of a DNA Pseudoknot is Hindered Due to Formation of Base-Triplet Stacks

The formation of a triplex in RNA pseudoknots has been shown to be involved in −1 ribosomal frameshifting. We are using DNA pseudoknots to determine the role of triplex stacking in their overall stability and whether pseudoknots can be disrupted using complementary targeting strands. We used a combination of UV spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to investigate the unfolding of two DNA pseudoknots, PsKn-1 and PsKn-2, with sequences: d(TCTCTTnA8GAGAT5T7), where T5 and Tn (n = 5, 9) are loops, respectively. These two pseudoknots are also targeted with their partially complementary strands with sequence: d(CTT7AnAGAGA), where n = 5, 9 respectively.Both pseudoknots unfold through biphasic intramolecular transitions. PsKn-2 is more stable and unfolds with a higher enthalpy of 46 kcal/mol, due to the stacking of three TAT base triplets. The targeting reaction of PsKn-1 with its complementary strand yielded favorable free energy contributions, indicating the complementary strand was able to disrupt the pseudoknot. However, the targeting reaction of PsKn-2 with its complementary strand did not take place, consistent with its higher stability. This confirms the formation of three TAT base triplets (two TAT/TAT base triplet stacks). Different targeting reactions using longer complementary stands will be presented in order to determine if these strands can disrupt the more stable pseudoknot. Furthermore, the overall thermodynamic data will be compared with targeting kinetic data. Supported by Grant MCB-1122029 from the NSF and GAANN-Fellowship from the Department of Education.
Update on treatment regimens: Prophylaxis versus on-demand therapy

Prophylaxis, or the routine scheduled replacement of clotting factor concentrate in patients with hemophilia, greatly decreases episodes of joint hemorrhage and effectively prevents the development of chronic joint arthropathy and disability. Despite clear evidence of its effectiveness and the fact that it is recommended by international authorities, prophylaxis still is not widely accepted in the hemophilia community. In the United States, approximately half of children with severe hemophilia A and one third of those with hemophilia B are on prophylactic regimens. Factors limiting acceptance include the need for venous access, factor availability, poor acceptance of injection therapy, safety concerns, cost, and a perceived lack of need. Questions remaining to be answered include the reasons for inter-individual variability in bleeding patterns, predictors for and reversibility of joint damage, and the optimal regimen for prophylaxis. A need exists for validated and standardized outcome measures in future research, as well as for research into factors that affect families' adherence to prophylactic regimens for their children.
Equity prices and macroeconomic fundamentals: International evidence☆

Abstract We address the dynamic linkages between stock prices and economic fundamentals for the period 1990–2009 for France, Germany, Italy, the UK and the US using the rolling-sample cointegration technique and VAR specifications. The empirical analysis is done for the pre- and post-Euro subperiods. In general, the results revealed different sensitivities in the way stock prices reacted to changes in the fundamentals suggesting that stock markets appeared to move independently of them in the long run, especially in the post-Euro period. For example, stock prices were not influenced much by industrial production or interest rates and the impacts of retail trade and crude oil prices on stock prices were smaller in the post- than in the pre-Euro period. An exception is the US's stock market, which showed more sensitivity to crude oil shocks. Finally, when investigating the impact of consumer expectations on stock prices it was revealed that European consumers were more concerned with the general economic and their personal financial situations than with inflationary pressures (except perhaps in Germany) in both subperiods.
Transition‐metal complex formation with phenyl isocyanate

Complex formation between phenyl isocyanate and cobalt or manganese naphthenate in benzene was determined by the mole ratio method. Complex of 3:1 for cobalt and 2:1 for manganese were found. The method of analysis in this study utilized the characteristic transition-metal visible absorption spectra. Effects of time and metal-salt solution stability are noted.