cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jumbo biopsy forceps protocol still misses unsuspected cancer in Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia

Abstract Background: The optimal management of high-grade dysplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of unsuspected carcinoma at esophagectomy in patients with Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia after endoscopic surveillance with jumbo biopsy forceps compared with standard biopsy forceps. Methods: Twelve patients with high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus without gross or microscopic evidence of carcinoma underwent esophagectomy after preoperative endoscopy with 4-quadrant jumbo biopsies at 2-cm intervals. The findings in this group were compared with those in a group of patients with Barrett's esophagus who underwent esophagectomy for high-grade dysplasia after biopsies obtained at 2-cm intervals with standard biopsy forceps. Results: Unsuspected cancer was found in 4 of 12 (33%) patients in the jumbo biopsy group compared with 6 of 16 (38%) in the standard biopsy group ( p = NS). All 6 cancers in the standard biopsy group were intramucosal, whereas 2 were intramucosal and 2 were submucosal in the jumbo biopsy group. No patients in either group had lymph node metastases. Conclusions: Unsuspected cancer is found frequently in patients with Barrett's esophagus who are undergoing esophagectomy for high-grade dysplasia despite the use of a rigorous jumbo biopsy protocol. Esophageal resection is still indicated in appropriately selected patients with high-grade dysplasia until better markers of cancer risk are available. (Gastrointest Endosc 1999;49:170-6)
Toward a Rational Theory of Decentralization: Some Implications of a Mathematical Approach

This paper seeks to open for exploration the field of decentralization in politics and organizational design. As a first approach, it examines conditions under which decentralization is preferable from the viewpoint of rationality or cost-effectiveness. Our normative statements as to what would be best, or what should be done, are formulated first from the viewpoint of the subjects or clients, but they are expected to include the interest of the community in ensuring adequate service at low cost, and they also include the interest of the rulers, insofar as their power in the long run depends on their capacity to respond to the demands made upon them quickly enough and adequately enough to retain their political support.The political theory underlying our study assumes that modern governments retain “their just powers by the consent of the governed,” and hence that both their legitimacy and their power will depend at least in significant part on their ability to respond adequately to the popular demands made upon them. We do not deal in this study with other important criteria of preference, such as the psychological value which some of those who take the role of powerholders may put upon centralized control, or the contrary value which some of those who identify with their subjects may put upon power sharing and decentralization.
Hidden JPGs: A Functional Alternative to Voyeurism

Cet article se penche sur la proliferation des sites pornographiques sur Internet et sur leur incidence sur le public voyeur. Apres avoir degage une typologie des differents sites, l'A. se demande si la frequentation de ces sites represente une sorte de soupape de securite ou si au contraire elle pousse a un passage a l'acte en stimulant de nouveaux appetits sexuels. Il semble que ce qui caracterise le voyeur est la satisfaction individuelle et cachee, ce qui ne poserait pas de problemes d'ordre public. Neanmoins, la production des images diffusees pose des questions d'un autre ordre de gravite, de nombreuses scenes etant filmees sans le consentement des protagonistes, mais surtout, certaines d'entre elles provenant de comportements deviants tels que la pedophilie
Estimates of body water, fat-free mass, and body fat in patients on peritoneal dialysis by anthropometric formulas.

Estimates of body water, fat-free mass, and body fat in patients on peritoneal dialysis by anthropometric formulas. Background Anthropometric formulas that are used to estimate body water in peritoneal dialysis patients can also be used to estimate fat-free mass and body fat. Evaluation of body composition by the anthropometric formulas rests on two assumptions: ( 1 ) fat contains no water, and ( 2 ) the water content of the fat-free mass is constant (72%). Methods We compared estimates of body water, fat-free mass, and body fat by anthropometric formulas to estimates employing dilution of tracer substances to measure body water and standard methods to analyze body composition in studies performed on peritoneal dialysis patients. We also analyzed the potential errors of the estimates of body composition by the formulas. Results Estimates of the average body composition provided by the anthropometric formulas agreed with estimates provided by the standard methods. However, these formulas have the potential of introducing large errors when estimating body composition in individuals differing from the average subject, either because the anthropometric formulas do not account for major determinants of body composition, such as physical exercise, nutrition, and catabolic illness, or because these formulas systematically overestimate body water in subjects who are obese or experiencing volume excess. Conclusion Anthropometric formulas currently in existence can provide only approximations of body composition and may be the sources of large errors in evaluating body composition in peritoneal dialysis patients. The potential errors include estimates of body water. These errors may alter the interpretation of urea kinetic studies in certain categories of peritoneal dialysis patients (e.g., obese subjects).
The role of polymer adsorption kinetics in flocculation

Abstract The adsorption of polymeric flocculants on the surfaces of suspended solid particles is a non-equilibrium process. It is postulated that the process is controlled by an irreversible attachment between polymer molecules and solid particles. The frequency of such collisions determines the kinetics of adsorption and the distribution of adsorbed polymer on individual particle surfaces. A simplified model is presented in which polymer–particle collision frequencies determine the distribution of adsorbed polymer, and therefore, the adhesion efficiency of the particle–particle collisions that lead to flocculation. The implications of the model with regard to the effects of process variables, such as polymer molecular weight, particle size distribution, solids concentration and mixing conditions, are discussed at length. The critical importance of initial dispersion stability on polymer dosage requirements and overall process performance is demonstrated. The model provides considerable insight into the mechanisms involved in the use of progressive polymer addition to control adsorption and enhance flocculation efficiency.
Using average lifetime dose rate for intermittent exposures to carcinogens

The effect of using the average dose rate over a lifetime as a representative measure of exposure to carcinogens is investigated by comparing the true theoretical multistage intermittent-dosing lifetime low-dose excess risk to the theoretical multistage continuous-dosing lifetime risk corresponding to the average lifetime dose rate. It is concluded that low-dose risk estimates based on the average lifetime dose rate may overestimate the true risk by several orders of magnitude, but that they never underestimate the true risk by more than a factor of k/r, where k is the total number of stages in the multistage model and r is the number of stages that are dose-related.
Large-signal modelling and analysis of switching regulators

A large-signal switching regulator model is derived, and prominent features of the transient response are determined. In particular, analytical expressions are found for the equilibrium points of the system which yield insight into the large-signal response, and computer-generated transient waveforms are obtained. As an example, a boost regulator is investigated, and is found to be stable for small signals but unstable for large transients.
Progress in adipose tissue construct development

Although the field of tissue engineering has been the focus of a great deal of promise and study, only recently has significant attention been given to the engineering of soft tissues. The applicability of an engineered adipose construct as a basic science model and a reconstructive tool is unquestioned; yet, there have been limitations in previous work, specifically issues of construct size and maintenance over time. This article briefly overviews the pivotal factors necessary for adipocyte growth and differentiation, optimal scaffolds for the engineering of soft tissues, and a means of providing vascular support for these highly demanding cells. Clinical science and bioengineering concepts that may provide the foundation toward the successful in vivo engineering of an adipose tissue construct that maintains its complex three-dimensional shape over time are critically reviewed.
Synthesis and Stability of a Covalently Linked Liposome-Phenol Ester Model Prodrug

AbstractThis study examines the feasability of covalently bonding a drug to a liposomal wall component to yield a potential liposome prodrug. The model compound chosen, p-nitrophenol, was esterified with the stearic acid present in liposomes employing the coupling agents 1-ethyl-3-(3 dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDCI) and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC). Reactions conducted with EDCI in distilled water or with DCC in either distilled water or phosphate buffer yielded >80% pnitrophenyl stearate. When EDCI was used in the presence of phosphate buffer, the ester yield was reduced to ∼40%. The time for ten percent degradation (Tg0) of the liposome ester was evaluated at 37°C in the pH range 1-11. A ∼3 to 17 fold rate enhancement was observed when esterase was added to the buffered solutions.
THE PROGNOSTIC ABILITY OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL CAPACITANCE EXCEEDS THAT OF PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE IN ADVANCED LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE

Right ventricular (RV) failure frequently occurs in left-sided heart failure (HF) and independently prognosticates. We investigated the determinants and prognostic role of the RV afterload measure pulmonary arterial capacitance (PAC), defined as the quotient of stroke volume and pulmonary arterial
The Effects of Writing Workshop on Abilities of First Grade Students to become Confident and Independent Writers.

Writing Workshop is an interactive approach to teaching writing as students learn and practice the importance of rehearsal, drafting/revising, and editing their pieces of writing (Calkins, 1986; Graves, 1983). This study implemented a mixed methodology design incorporating qualitative and quantitative analysis (Mills, 2007) by administering a pre survey to each child before he/she began the Writing Workshop and a post survey after the intervention; systematic observational research as a checklist (Glanz, 2003) to record observed practices of students during peer revising conferences; portfolios to assess student writing and graded via a rubric; and lastly interview of students regarding confidence and ability in writing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the writing processes of drafting/revising and editing to support first grade students to become independent writers.
SURVIVAL AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF RAT PLACENTA IMPLANTED TO THE SPLEEN.

Whole or half placentas from 12- and 14-day-old rat conceptuses were implanted to the surface of the spleen of adult and immature homologous female recipients. Trophoblastic giant cells of the implanted placentas persisted to an age of 20–22 days, a time roughly equivalent to the length of gestation. Placental labyrinth persisted to an age of up to 31 days in implants made to adult recipients but not in those made to weanlings. Continuous daily injection of 2 mg progesterone into immature hosts failed to prolong the persistence of trophoblastic giant cells but improved the appearance of persisting labyrinthine cytotrophoblast. Evidence is presented to show that placental implants may cause decreases in ovarian weight of immature recipients, and that they may prolong the lives of adult recipients that have been bilaterally adrenalectomized and given no supportive therapy. (Endocrinology 76: 1068, 1965)
CAS: The rebirth of the industrial sales force

Abstract Changes in the technology used by industrial manufacturers will cause changes in the structure of the industry. CAD/CAM/CAE technology is an example. This paper explores the potential impact of CAD/CAM/CAE on the structure of industrial sales channels. These changes are personified by the development of a new member of the industrial sales force—computer aided sales (CAS). The strategic implication of CAS are presented, as is the change in industry structure that preceded the development of CAS.
Understanding the Kalman Filter

Abstract This is an expository article. Here we show how the successfully used Kalman filter, popular with control engineers and other scientists, can be easily understood by statisticians if we use a Bayesian formulation and some well-known results in multivariate statistics. We also give a simple example illustrating the use of the Kalman filter for quality control work.
On the Optimal Dynamic Dispatch of Real Power

Electric utilities presently use static optimization techniques to solve the economic load allocation problem. Experience has shown that a number of difficulties arise when these solutions are incorporated in the feedback control of dynamic electric power networks. This research attempts to overcome the disadvantages of such controllers by combining economic load allocation and supplementary control action into a single dynamic optimal control problem.
Jovian Tropospheric Features—Wind Field, Morphology, and Motion of Long-Lived Systems

Abstract A map spanning 360° of longitude and +5° to −65° latitude has been constructed from Hubble Space Telescope SL-9 Campaign F410M images obtained on July 23, 1994 with the WFPC2 in PC and WF mode. For comparison, a map spanning +65° to −65° has been generated from WFPC2 PC observations on February 17, 1995. Because the WFPC2 data has the highest spatial resolution of any data obtained during the SL-9 campaign, these reference maps are intended for general digitized distribution for comparison with other SL-9 data sets. Multicolor images have been utilized to provide fundamental data for interpreting dispersal and evolution of impact sites. Although temporal coverage was less than ideal, a zonal wind profile has been generated from 953-nm images and is comparable to that seen with Voyager. The temporal behavior associated with individual impact sites varies. Impacts that occurred near cyclonic and anticyclonic storms show evidence of interaction with these systems, indicating that winds associated with individual cyclonic and anticyclonic storm centers do not decrease with height as rapidly as the zonal winds. Thus, the translation rates for well-defined anticyclonic cloud systems are tabulated and cyclonic circulation of a storm system which modifies the L-site evolution is characterized.
Peroxide-linked bioluminescence catalyzed by a copper-containing, non-heme luciferase isolated from a bioluminescent earthworm

Abstract The earthworm, Diplocardia longa, requires luciferin, luciferase, and H2O2 for in vitro bioluminescence. The purified luciferase does not contain a heme prosthetic group but contains a nearly stoichiometric amount of tightly bound copper.
Image processing for quality improvement

In order to encourage the development of computer-based methods which produce better quality pictures, the long and successful history of image processing in photography and graphic arts is called to the attention of the computer fraternity. Studies of contrast sensitivity and of the relationships among illumination, object reflectance, and image luminance are presented. Homomorphic filtering is analyzed in this light. Adaptive filtering methods which exploit perceptual phenomena as well as the physical properties of imaging systems are given. These methods attempt to permit the attainment, of a very high degree of sharpening, equally visible throughout the tone scale as well as in image areas of quite different character, without the concomitant appearance of quality-destroying artifacts such as haloes or overshoots. Results are compared with linear and homomorphic nonadaptive sharpening.
Fram Strait ice flux calculations and associated Arctic ice conditions

The areal outflow of ice through Fram Strait during the period 1953–1984 is estimated on a monthly basis from the geostrophic wind and the ice concentration. Summer ice coverage in various sectors of the Arctic is then compared with the computed outflow through Fram Strait in various antecedent periods. Lag correlations indicate that interannual variations of summer ice severity in the Pacific side of the Arctic Basin are consistent with fluctuations of Fram Strait outflow during the previous 3–9 months. The findlings suggest that above-normal outflow of multiyear ice during the winter/spring months may precondition the large-scale pack ice to respond more directly to offshore flow events during the ensuing months. The areas of highest correlation with Fram Strait outflow undergo a pronounced shift in the early 1970's. Coincident changes in the large-scale circulation pattern imply that the source region of the Transpolar Drift Stream shifted westward from the Alaskan to the Siberian waters during this period.
Transient Dynamics of Reduced-Order Models of Genetic Regulatory Networks

In systems biology, a number of detailed genetic regulatory networks models have been proposed that are capable of modeling the fine-scale dynamics of gene expression. However, limitations on the type and sampling frequency of experimental data often prevent the parameter estimation of the detailed models. Furthermore, the high computational complexity involved in the simulation of a detailed model restricts its use. In such a scenario, reduced-order models capturing the coarse-scale behavior of the network are frequently applied. In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of a reduced-order Markov Chain model approximating a detailed Stochastic Master Equation model. Utilizing a reduction mapping that maintains the aggregated steady-state probability distribution of stochastic master equation models, we provide bounds on the deviation of the Markov Chain transient distribution from the transient aggregated distributions of the stochastic master equation model.
Arabidopsis intragenomic conserved noncoding sequence

After the most recent tetraploidy in the Arabidopsis lineage, most gene pairs lost one, but not both, of their duplicates. We manually inspected the 3,179 retained gene pairs and their surrounding gene space still present in the genome using a custom-made viewer application. The display of these pairs allowed us to define intragenic conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs), identify exon annotation errors, and discover potentially new genes. Using a strict algorithm to sort high-scoring pair sequences from the bl2seq data, we created a database of 14,944 intragenomic Arabidopsis CNSs. The mean CNS length is 31 bp, ranging from 15 to 285 bp. There are ≈1.7 CNSs associated with a typical gene, and Arabidopsis CNSs are found in all areas around exons, most frequently in the 5′ upstream region. Gene ontology classifications related to transcription, regulation, or “response to …” external or endogenous stimuli, especially hormones, tend to be significantly overrepresented among genes containing a large number of CNSs, whereas protein localization, transport, and metabolism are common among genes with no CNSs. There is a 1.5% overlap between these CNSs and the 218,982 putative RNAs in the Arabidopsis Small RNA Project database, allowing for two mismatches. These CNSs provide a unique set of noncoding sequences enriched for function. CNS function is implied by evolutionary conservation and independently supported because CNS-richness predicts regulatory gene ontology categories.
Renal Hemangiopericytoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Hemangiopericytoma is an uncommon perivascular tumor that occurs most frequently in the pelvis, head and neck, and meninges; it is extremely rare in the kidney. We report a kidney hemangiopericytoma in a 43-year-old woman who was treated with a nephron-sparing surgery and review the literature.
Fast rule-based bioactivity prediction using associative classification mining

Relating chemical features to bioactivities is critical in molecular design and is used extensively in the lead discovery and optimization process. A variety of techniques from statistics, data mining and machine learning have been applied to this process. In this study, we utilize a collection of methods, called associative classification mining (ACM), which are popular in the data mining community, but so far have not been applied widely in cheminformatics. More specifically, classification based on predictive association rules (CPAR), classification based on multiple association rules (CMAR) and classification based on association rules (CBA) are employed on three datasets using various descriptor sets. Experimental evaluations on anti-tuberculosis (antiTB), mutagenicity and hERG (the human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene) blocker datasets show that these three methods are computationally scalable and appropriate for high speed mining. Additionally, they provide comparable accuracy and efficiency to the commonly used Bayesian and support vector machines (SVM) methods, and produce highly interpretable models.
Physical Processes in the Spread of Oil on a Water Surface

ABSTRACT Formulae are recommended for calculating the extent of the spread of oil slicks on water as a function of time. They are based on empirical measurements of spreading rates and analytical and theoretical studies of the physical processes which accelerate or retard the spread of a film Both one-dimensional and two-dimensional (axisymmetric) slicks are treated. Comparisons of the recommended formulae are made with the limited number of field observations, both for the rate of spread and the maximum slick size.
Planning preventive maintenance for a fleet of police vehicles using simulation

The operations of the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department preventive maintenance facility are analyzed. Several preventive maintenance policies for a fleet of vehicles are developed in an effort to improve both the effectiveness and efficiency of facility operations. The preventive maintenance policies are simulated using GPSS models and then evaluated. The most appropriate policy is selected for implementation.
A Case Study Of Crisis Communication, Image Restoration And Utilitarian Ethics: A Recall Of Contaminated Peanut Butter Examined

In a publicized crisis, the goal to ethically and restoratively regain public trust is paramount to most corporations. In 2009, the food industry in the USA was thrust into a crisis when the Peanut Corporation of America (PCA), a small peanut processing company in Georgia, was linked to a salmonella outbreak resulting in illness, fatalities, and the recall of close to 4,000 products. Many large food product companies bore the economic impact, though they were not the cause of the problem. Consumers became confused about which products were safe. The oversight stewardship abilities of the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) became suspect. PCA went bankrupt and its owners face federal prosecution. To fully understand the public communication decisions made by PCA, principles of Image Restoration Theory are used to examine and evaluate PCA’s responses to this event. To render generalizable knowledge for others from this historic case, Utilitarian Ethics are applied to the actions of PCA, the FDA, and the peanut industry as a whole. This analysis of past events may serve to empower business leaders and corporate communicators faced with correcting future food borne illness problems and communicating with their key constituencies of regulators, business partners and consumers.
Does receiving genetic counseling impact genetic counselor practice

This study was an investigation of whether genetic counselors have received genetic counseling and if so, how they believe it affects their practice. One thousand genetic counselors were mailed surveys about the nature of genetic counseling services received, impact on their clincal practice, frequency and reasons for disclosing about their receipt of counseling to their clients, and demographics. Ninety-three of the 510 respondents reported receiving genetic counseling. Of these, almost three-fourths were practicing genetic counselors while receiving services. Reasons for services include prenatal concerns, family history of cancer, and history/risk of other genetic conditions. Frequently endorsed effects on practice include increased empathy and understanding of client decisions, feeling more connected with clients, greater emphasis on psychosocial support, and sympathy. Forty-six respondents disclosed to clients about their receipt of genetic counseling. Prevalent reasons include client asked, help clients feel they are not alone, demonstrate counselor understanding, decrease client anxiety, build rapport, and normalize client feelings. Practice and research recommendations are given.
Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Identification of an Unmanned Helicopter Robot with Flybar Dynamics

This paper presents a mathematical model for a model-scale unmanned helicopter robot, with emphasis on the dynamics of the flybar. The interaction between the flybar and the main rotor blade is explained in detail; it is shown how the flapping of the flybar increases the stability of the helicopter robot as well as assists in its actuation. The model helicopter has a fast time-domain response due to its small size, and is inherently unstable. Therefore, most commercially available model helicopters use the flybar to augment stability and make it easier for a pilot to fly. Working from first principles and basic aerodynamics, the equations of motion for full six degree-of-freedom with flybar-degree of freedom are derived. System identification experiments and results are presented to verify the mathematical model structure and to identify model parameters such as inertias and aerodynamic constants. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic rate models and the substitutability of predator populations

Summary 1. Much of the debate surrounding the consequences of biodiversity loss centres around the issue of whether different species are functionally similar in their effects on ecological processes. In this study, we examined whether populations consisting of smaller, more abundant individuals are functionally similar to populations of the same species with larger, fewer individuals. 2. We manipulated the biomass and density of banded sunfish ( Enneacanthus obesus ) and measured their impact on populations of Southern leopard frog ( Rana sphenocephala ) larvae. We also evaluated the ability of models relating metabolic rate to body size to predict the relative impacts of populations that differ in average body size and population density. 3. Our results indicate that population biomass, density and their interaction each play a large role in determining the effect of a predator population on its food resource. Populations with smaller but more abundant individuals had effects as large or larger than those populations with larger but fewer individuals. 4. Although we found qualitative agreement between the observed relative effects of populations with that predicted by allometric models, we also found that density-dependence can cause effects of a population to differ from that expected based on allometry. 5. The substitutability of populations differing in average body size appears to depend on complex relationships between metabolic rate, population density and the strength of density-dependence. The restrictive conditions necessary to establish functional equivalence among different populations of the same species suggests that functional equivalence should be rare in most communities.
Ideal cardiovascular health predicts functional status independently of vascular events: the Northern Manhattan Study.

Background We hypothesized that the American Heart Association's metric of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) predicts improved long‐term functional status after adjusting for incident stroke and myocardial infarction. Methods and Results In the prospective, multiethnic Northern Manhattan Study, stroke‐free individuals in northern Manhattan aged ≥40 years had annual assessments of the primary outcome of functional status with the Barthel index (BI), for a median of 13 years. Ideal CVH was calculated as a composite of 7 measures, each scored on a scale of 0 to 2. Primary predictors were (1) number of ideal CVH metrics, and (2) total score of all CVH metrics. Of 3219 participants, mean age was 69 years (SD 10), 63% were female, 21% were white, 25% were non‐Hispanic black, and 54% were Hispanic. Twenty percent had 0 to 1 ideal CVH metrics, 32% had 2, 30% had 3, 14% had 4, and 4% had 5 to 7. Both number of ideal CVH categories and higher CVH metric scores were associated with higher mean BI scores at 5 and 10 years. 0047 Gradients persisted when results were adjusted for incident stroke and myocardial infarction, when mobility and nonmobility domains of the BI were analyzed separately, and when BI was analyzed dichotomously. At 10 years, in a fully adjusted model, differences in mean BI score were lower for poor versus ideal physical activity (3.48 points, P <0.0001) and fasting glucose (4.58 points, P <0.0001). Conclusions Ideal CVH predicts functional status, even after accounting for incident vascular events. Vascular functional impairment is an important outcome that can be reduced by optimizing vascular health.
An empirical evaluation and comparison of manual and automated test selection

Regression test selection speeds up regression testing by re-running only the tests that can be affected by the most recent code changes. Much progress has been made on research in automated test selection over the last three decades, but it has not translated into practical tools that are widely adopted. Therefore, developers either re-run all tests after each change or perform manual test selection. Re-running all tests is expensive, while manual test selection is tedious and error-prone. Despite such a big trade-off, no study assessed how developers perform manual test selection and compared it to automated test selection.This paper reports on our study of manual test selection in practice and our comparison of manual and automated test selection. We are the first to conduct a study that (1) analyzes data from manual test selection, collected in real time from 14 developers during a three-month study and (2) compares manual test selection with an automated state-of-the-research test-selection tool for 450 test sessions.Almost all developers in our study performed manual test selection, and they did so in mostly ad-hoc ways. Comparing manual and automated test selection, we found the two approaches to select different tests in each and every one of the 450 test sessions investigated. Manual selection chose more tests than automated selection 73% of the time (potentially wasting time) and chose fewer tests 27% of the time (potentially missing bugs). These results show the need for better automated test-selection techniques that integrate well with developers' programming environments.
Climatic variability of cloud radiative forcing

Multiple-regression models have been developed relating interannual departures of the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite net, long-wave, and short-wave cloud radiative forcing primarily to variations in the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project cloud amounts for low, middle and high clouds, and cloud water. These models are used to evaluate the effects on cloud radiative forcing of specified and observed changes in cloud properties. The calculated changes of cloud forcing due to 16.5% increases in low-, middleand high-cloud amounts and 25% increases in cloud water are compared with those of a radiative-transfer model. the two methods have results which agree with respect to the signs of the responses and the order of the significance of the independent variables for net cloud forcing. Overall, variations in cloud water have the largest effect on net cloud forcing; those in high cloud have the largest effect on long-wave cloud forcing; those in cloud water make the largest contributions to short-wave cloud forcing. Using the statistical models forced by one-standard-deviation variations in cloud properties, variations in high cloud are shown to have increased importance relative to the results for the 16.5 and 25% perturbations. In addition, variations in clear-sky planetary albedo and long-wave flux are also found to be important at higher latitudes. In a small sample of observed short-term climate-change scenarios, compensations amongst the effects of the variables alter the magnitude, and in two cases the sign, of the change in net cloud forcing relative to those resulting from uniform variations of the cloud properties.
The Non-surgical Treatment of Peyronie's Disease

Summary— Forty-five patients with Peyronie's disease are described. No patient received treatment for one year from the time of presentation. Three had a complete resolution of their symptoms and signs during this period. The remaining patients received injections of triamcinolone hexacetonide (Lederle) into the plaques at 6-weekly intervals for 36 weeks. Thirty-three per cent had complete or marked improvement in their symptoms; those responding were younger patients with small, firm, discrete plaques in the distal penis. We recommend a non-operative approach in this group. Surgery or chemotherapy should be reserved for those older patients with harder, larger or confluent plaques.
Cinematic Urbanism: A History of the Modern from Reel to Real; and Cities and Cinema

Nezar AlSayyad. Routledge, New York, 2006. 256 pages. $154.95, $54.95 (paperback). Barbara Mennel. Routledge, New York, 2008. 256 pages. $170, $49.95 (paperback). Judging by the number of recent bo...
Finding God in All Things: Reflections on the Possibility of Mission Implementation at a Jesuit University in the Area of Faculty Research

In recent years, much progress has been made in explicating how the educational mission of a Jesuit university can be informed and guided by the specific Catholic and Jesuit identity of the university. In contrast, almost no progress has been made in academic mission implementation in the area of faculty research. This failure is due in part to the widespread conviction that such an implementation is incompatible with academic freedom and will harm the research enterprise. This article argues that exactly the opposite is true. Such implementation could liberate the research enterprise of the methodological and substantive restrictions imposed on it by the dominant secular research paradigm. It would free scientists to diversify their research methods, gain a much richer understanding of reality, and even find God.
Implementing a Transition Manager in the AMRF Cell Controller

The Automated Manufacturing Research Facility (AMRF) at the National Bureau of Standards provides a test bed for automatic control systems designs. The current hierarchical control system extends from the factory cell level down to the equipment level for five workstations. A cell consists of a collection of several workstations which together are capable of executing production tasks. The cell controller coordinates the activities of the workstations which, in turn, coordinate the activities of the equipment in the workstation. The cell controller and Transition Manager described in this paper have been operational in the AMRF since November of 1987.
Human Sorbitol Dehydrogenase Gene

Sorbitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.14) catalyzes the conversion of sorbitol to fructose with NAD+ as coenzyme. It is a member of the multigene family of alcohol dehydrogenases (Jornvall et al., 1984) which includes ζ -crystallins (Borras et al., 1989). Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH, the second enzyme) and aldose reductase (AR, the first enzyme) comprise the polyol pathway. This pathway is believed to be involved in osmotic regulation (Burg, 1988) and diabetic complications such as neuropathy (Gabbay et al., 1973), retinopathy (Robison et al., 1983), and cataracts (Kinoshita et al., 1974). Recently SDH involvement in the cytosolic ratio of NADH/NAD+ effecting several metabolic pathways (Williamson et al., 1993) has been described. The SDH activity in normal human lens has been reported to be higher than in rat, rabbit and calf lens (Jedziniak et al., 1981). The SDH activity also has been linked to cataract formation in nondiabetics (Vaca et al., 1982; Shin et al., 1984).
Targeting B cell malignancies through human B cell receptor specific CD4 T cells

Meeting abstracts The B cell receptor (BCR) expressed by a clonal B cell tumor is a tumor specific antigen (idiotype). However, the T cell epitopes within human BCRs which stimulate protective immunity still lack detailed characterization. In this study, we identified 17 potential CD4 T cell
An examination of job opportunities, candidates, and salaries in the field of entrepreneurship

This article examines whether the field of entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly institutionalized by examining market trends, AACSB jobs, and salaries. The findings indicate that the field is becoming increasingly institutionalized through market trends. During 2014/15, there were 471 advertised positions and 163 candidates in Schools of Business and Management. The number of tenure track positions (261) was significantly higher than the number of tenure track candidates (161) for a ratio of 1.62. This is the highest ratio of tenure track positions to candidates since 2005/06 (2.1). Out of the 261 tenure track positions, 174 were at AACSB institutions.The ratio of tenure track positions at AACSB schools per tenure track candidate was 1.08. The study also looked at average salaries at AACSB schools and found them to be competitive with other mainstream areas. Average salaries were: full professors ($162,000), associate professor ($131,400), assistant professor ($113,600), instructor ($85,800), and new doctorates ($97,800).
EUS-guided transmural gallbladder drainage: a new era has begun.

The first line management of acute cholecystitis remains surgery for patients who are good operative candidates. In high-risk operative candidates, a conservative approach of intravenous fluids and antibiotics is recommended. In those who fail conservative management, nonsurgical decompression of the gallbladder is urgently needed to prevent sepsis, perforation and death. Percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) has been described since the 1970s [Elyaderani and Gabriele, 1979]. This can be performed with gallbladder puncture under transabdominal ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) guidance followed by placement of an indwelling 6-10 French pigtail catheter drain [Akhan et al. 2002]. This technique has been well studied with prospective data and randomized trials showing success rates upwards of 95% [Ito et al. 2004; Hatzidakis et al. 2002; Sugiyama et al. 1998]. However, PTGBD has significant complications including bleeding, bile leak, bile peritonitis, pneumothorax, bowel perforation, secondary infections and catheter dislodgement [Akhan et al. 2002]. In addition, it cannot be performed in patients with ascites or those on anticoagulants. The need for leaving an exterior drainage tube can be burdensome and uncomfortable, requiring multiple sessions [Kedia et al. 2015] and tube dislodgement occurs in 0.3–12% of patients [Ito et al. 2004, Hatzidakis et al. 2002, Kiviniemi et al. 1998]. Interestingly percutaneous drainage of the gallbladder has been increasingly used in an attempt to ‘cool off’ the gallbladder and facilitates a future resection.
High-Fidelity Medical Visualization

Brain imaging requires high levels of precision and accuracy, especially for diagnostic or surgical applications. Histological sections represent the “gold standard” in high-resolution imaging. For high-fidelity volume renderings of stacks of histological sections image registration using linear and non-linear transformations is required. Non-invasive scanning techniques, such as MRI, CT, PET, etc., produce inherently lower resolution, but better aligned imagery. By combining invasive and non-invasive scanning techniques, the advantages of various modalities can be combined into a hybrid system which enables co-location of instantiated patient scans and high-resolution reference scans.© 2007 ASME
Abstract 4062: Human peptide deformylase expression and activity in various cancers

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Human peptide deformylase (hsPDF) expression has been detected in human cells, but it is unclear if the enzyme is functional. Our hypothesis is that hsPDF is functional in human cells. The objectives of this study were to 1) quantify hsPDF transcript levels in normal and cancerous cells and tissues and 2) determine the effects of hsPDF inhibition on the proliferation of normal and cancerous cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure hsPDF mRNA levels in normal and cancerous cell lines and tissues. Increases in hsPDF mRNA expression were seen in most cancer cell lines compared to the normal. hsPDF was up-regulated in most, but not all, cancer tissues compared to the normal, with the greatest differences observed in breast, colon, and lung tissues. Various cancer and normal cell lines were treated with increasing concentrations of a known PDF inhibitor, actinonin, and cell proliferation was assessed. The antiproliferative effects of actinonin were greater in prostate, colon, and breast cancer cell lines than in the normal cell lines. These results suggest that hsPDF is up-regulated in certain cancers, and that it may play an active role in the proliferation of human cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4062.
High power microwave source with a three dimensional printed metamaterial slow-wave structure

For over the last decade, the concept of metamaterials has led to new approaches for considering the interaction of radiation with complex structures. However, practical manifestations of such a device operating at high power densities have proven difficult to achieve due to the resonant nature of metamaterials and the resultant high electric fields, which place severe constraints on manufacturing the slow wave structures. In this paper, we describe the first experimental manifestation of a high power microwave device utilizing a metallic slow wave structure (metamaterial-like) fabricated using additive manufacturing. The feasibility of utilizing additive manufacturing as a technique for building these relatively complicated structures has thus been demonstrated. The MW class microwave source operates in the C-band and shows frequency tunablility with electron beam voltage. The basic electromagnetic characteristics of this device, the construction using additive manufacturing, and the basic performance as a microwave oscillator are considered. Due to the tunable nature of the device, it shows promise not only as an oscillator but also as a microwave amplifier. Therefore, the dispersive characteristics and a discussion of the anticipated gain is included as it relates to an amplifier configuration.
Implications of the Behavioral Sex Therapies for Psychoanalytic Theory and Practice: Intrapsychic Sequelae of Symptom Removal in the Patient and Spouse

Sequelles de la levee des symptomes chez une patiente et son conjoint apres therapie sexuelle comportementale du couple. Il serait souhaitable que les psychotherapies symptomatiques fussent menees par des cliniciens avertis des aleas de la psychopathologie individuelle
Future Trends in the Information Society

The circumstances in which men and women live together have changed considerably over the past 30 years. The huge wave of women entering the labour market, the possibility of planning maternity, divorce and women’s growing independence in financial matters, has had its effects in recent years on the ways in which male and female managers coexist in Spain and elsewhere. Motherhood has ceased to be a ‘natural’ function in industrial society, and is now a matter of a planned birth in modern and post-modern society. Research did not reveal very significant differences between the ways in which both genders live together, although there were twice as many women with partners with whom they did not share a home as there were men in both age groups. As far as female managers were concerned, we observed that in both generations the percentage of women who had not formed a new partnership after losing a partner, (better couple because partner appears twice) whether through divorce or widowhood, was three times that of the men in the older generation and twice that of the women between 30 and 45. Among the youngest of both sexes, attention is drawn to the high number of individuals who had not succeeded in finding a partner, the so-called ‘singletons’ (Table 5.1 and Figure 5.1).
A process to transfer Fail2ban data to an adaptive enterprise intrusion detection and prevention system

In this paper, we describe a process that has been developed to transfer network intrusion data captured by Fail2ban to an adaptive enterprise intrusion detection and prevention system. The process involves software agents that we have created that are interconnected to a central behavior analysis database service where each software agent records attack meta-information collected during previous intrusion attempts. These distributed agents are the first phase of an overall plan to create a smarter network defense system through the collection and analysis of network signatures generated by real security threats. The central database to which the agents report warehouses and analyzes the meta-information collected by the interconnected agents. The agents can then utilize both instantaneous and historical data by integrating rules derived from the data collection and analysis process into intrusion prevention policies. The final result will be a modular and scalable network defense system that should be more responsive and adaptable to imminent threats.
Enabling the NASA decadal-survey “PATH” mission

In its “Decadal Survey” of earth science missions for NASA published in 2007 [1] the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) recommended that a geostationary microwave sounder be developed for a Precipitation and All-weather Temperature and Humidity (PATH) mission and recommended that it be implemented as an “array spectrometer”. That was largely based on a synthetic-aperture concept then under development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). At the time the required technology was not perceived as being sufficiently mature, and PATH was therefore put in the “third tier” group of missions. Now, under the NASA Earth Science Technology Office's (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program (IIP), the key technology has been developed and has been brought to Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6, required for mission implementation, thus enabling the PATH mission.