cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved codes for differential space-time-frequency coded OFDM

With no channel state information (CSI) at the receiver, the highest possible diversity order for multiantenna transmissions over frequency selective channels, is given by the product of the number of transmit and receive antennas and the multipath channel length, the same as the case with perfect CSI at the receiver. In this paper, we consider improved nondiagonal codes for differential space-time-frequency (DSTF) coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), enabling the maximum spatial and multipath diversity without CSI at the receiver. While full diversity gain can be achieved by using existing differential unitary diagonal codes, we propose a systematic approach to designing nondiagonal codes for DSTF systems, which are block diagonal (BD) and have the necessary unitary and full diversity properties. We investigate not only the diversity product, but also other aspects of the distance spectrum, namely the so-called effective multiplicity in designing BD codes. Based on permutation techniques, we have devised new excellent-performing BD DSTF codes, which improve the coding gain up to 3 dB as compared to their diagonal counterparts.
Repeated testing improves long‐term retention relative to repeated study: a randomised controlled trial

Context Laboratory studies in cognitive psychology with relatively brief final recall intervals suggest that repeated retrieval in the form of tests may result in better retention of information compared with repeated study. Objectives Our study evaluates if repeated testing of material taught in a real-life educational setting (a didactic conference for paediatric and emergency medicine residents) replicates these findings when measured at a more educationally relevant final recall interval of 6 months. Methods Residents participated in an interactive teaching session on two topics: (i) status epilepticus, and (ii) myasthenia gravis. Residents were randomised to two counter-balanced groups which either took tests on status epilepticus and studied a review sheet on myasthenia gravis (SE-T/MG-S group) or took tests on myasthenia gravis and studied a review sheet on status epilepticus (MG-T/SE-S group). Testing and studying occurred immediately after teaching and then at two additional times at intervals of about 2 weeks. Residents received feedback after each test. Tests consisted of short-answer questions and the review sheets consisted of information identical to that on the answer sheets for the tests. At about 6 months residents took a final test on both topics. Results Nineteen residents in the SE-T/MG-S group and 21 residents in the MG-T/SE-S group completed the study. Collapsing across groups, repeated testing produced final test scores that were an average of 13% higher than those produced by repeated study (39% versus 26%) at > 6 months after the initial teaching session (t[78] = 3.93, standard error of the difference = 0.03, P < 0.001, d = 0.91). Conclusions Repeated testing with feedback appears to result in significantly greater long-term retention of information taught in a didactic conference than repeated, spaced study. Testing should be considered for its potential impact on learning and not only as an assessment device.
Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Gene Response to Carbohydrate Feeding During Exercise in the Heat

Heat stress down-regulates mitochondrial function, while carbohydrate supplementation attenuates the exercise induced stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in humans. The effects of exogenous carbohydrate during exercise in the heat on metabolic mRNA have not been investigated in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of exercise with and without carbohydrate supplementation on skeletal muscle metabolic response in the heat. Eight recreationally active males (4.05 ± 0.2 L.min-1) completed 2 trials which included 1 hr of cycling at 70% workload max and 3 hr recovery in a hot environment. Both trials were conducted in a climate controlled environmental chamber (38°C and 40% RH). The trials differed by the consumption of either a 6% carbohydrate (CHO) containing beverage (8 ml.kg-1.hr-1) or placebo (P) during exercise in random order. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before exercise, immediately post-exercise and at the end of the 3 hr recovery period. Muscle was analyzed for muscle glycogen and mRNA related to metabolic and mitochondrial development (MFN2, PGC-1α, GLUT4, UCP3). Expired gases were measured to determine whole body substrate use during exercise. Carbohydrate oxidation and muscle glycogen utilization did not differ between trials, whereas fat oxidation was elevated during exercise in P. Exercise caused an increase in PGC-1α, and GLUT4 (P < 0.05) independent of exogenous carbohydrate provision. Carbohydrate consumption attenuated the mRNA response in UCP3 (P < 0.05). This study indicates that the provision of exogenous carbohydrate attenuates the stimulation of mRNA expression of UCP3 following exercise in the heat.
Quality Quandaries: The Effect of Autocorrelation on Statistical Process Control Procedures

Quality Quandaries : The Effect of Autocorrelation on Statistical Process Control Procedures
Teacher Selection and Placement in Early Childhood Education.

Five commonly used selection criteria were investigated to determine their relationship to nine teaching behaviors of 112 pre-service teachers in laboratory preschools. Subjects com pleted two questionnaires to provide data relative to demographic information, academic background, work experience with children, and leadership ability. Trained observers rated each subject's teaching behavior during the last weeks of their preschool teaching practicum. Findings indicate that academic major, grade point average, motivation, and leadership ability have potential for predicting behavior in seven of the nine teaching behaviors. Ex perience with children was not related to any teaching behavior measured. Results indicate that the commonly used factors for selecting and hiring preschool teachers are moderately useful indicators of certain behaviors that comprise teaching.
Extending the Capabilities of High-Frequency Rainfall Estimation from Geostationary-Based Satellite Infrared via a Network of Long-Range Lightning Observations

Abstract An algorithm for real-time precipitation estimation that combines satellite infrared with long-range lightning network observations is developed. The emphasis is on enhancing current capabilities in continuous rainfall monitoring over large regions at high spatiotemporal resolutions and in separating precipitation type into its convective and stratiform components. Lightning information is retrieved from an experimental long-range very low frequency radio receiver network named the Sferics Timing and Ranging Network. Parameterizations for delineating the total rain area and its convective portion as well as convective and stratiform rain-rate relationships are obtained for lightning (LTG) and lightning-free (NLTG) clouds. The procedure accounts for differences in land versus ocean and for various levels of cloud system maturity. The parameters are evaluated using as reference the most definitive precipitation fields and rain classification estimates derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mi...
SUM RULES FOR THE DECAY OF THE BARYON DECUPLET INTO THE BARYON AND MESON OCTETS IN BROKEN SU(3) SYMMETRY

We have investigated the sum rules for the decuplet \ensuremath{\rightarrow} octet+octet coupling constants, taking into account the SU(3)-symmetry-breaking interactions to first order. There are seven sum rules for the possible twelve coupling constants. One of these sum rules involves only the coupling constants for the decays ${N}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}N\ensuremath{\pi}$, ${{Y}_{1}}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\pi}$, ${{Y}_{1}}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{\pi}$, and ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Xi}\ensuremath{\pi}$, all of which are experimentally known. We also give the corresponding sum rules for 10* \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 8+8 decay.
Myocardial infarction associated with a “Takotsubo component”: Some caveats need to be considered

Article history: Received 26 January 2016 Accepted 14 February 2016 Available online 19 February 2016 mere TTS rise of troponin, and the presence of myocardial “scar” in the “subendocardial basal segment of the inferior-lateral wall with extension to the right ventricular floor”, as reflected by the late gadolinium enhancement sequences on the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) [7]. One could ponder this apparent combination of pathologies along the following pathways: 1) The occurrence of AMI and
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF NON-OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ON CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY: INSIGHT FROM A MODERN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT CLINICAL REGISTRY

Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is an established tool for evaluation of low- to intermediate-risk emergency department (ED) patients with acute chest pain. We evaluated the medical management of patients diagnosed with previously unknown non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in the ED. The
A Marketing Program for the Development of Quality Eggs

Abstract In planning a marketing program, whether it be for quality improvement or market agency improvement, we find there are existing and in need of consideration certain fundamentally important factors. For example, the characteristics of the poultry enterprise. From an economic viewpoint, is the enterprise carried on as a sideline, one of the regular enterprises, or a specialty? You are all familiar with the fact that in Iowa practically all of our eggs are produced on general farms and from a management standpoint the enterprise is thought of as a sideline. This means a different problem than where more emphasis is placed on the enterprise. There is a difference in methods, in stock and in product. We might say in passing, that we see a definite trend toward a change from a sideline toward consideration as one of the regular enterprises on Iowa farms. The study of the characteristics of an . . .
Abstract 3546: S-Glutathionylation of buccal mucosal cell proteins as biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Many anticancer drugs produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that directly or indirectly lead to toxicities. As a conduit to drug development we have identified S-glutathionylated (post-translational addition of glutathione to susceptible cysteine residues) serine proteinase inhibitors (serpin9s A1 and A3) as plausible biomarkers for drug exposure in both rodent and human blood. Commercial mouthwashes often contain redox-altering agents such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and/or ethanol. Oxidative damage in buccal mucosa cells is associated with etiology of oral cancers and we hypothesized that these cells may also serve to provide a surrogate tissue source for biomarker analysis to measure S-glutathionylated proteins. Using an approved clinical protocol for exfoliated buccal cell samples, we have identified a number of S-glutathionylated proteins, including actin, in samples from volunteers following standard treatments with a commercial mouthwash containing H2O2 (1.5%). Their identities are similar to those discovered using in vitro experiments with the human buccal cell line TR146. Our current data show a time and dose-dependent increase in S-glutathionylation of buccal cell sample profiles in normal volunteers following four days of exposure dosing to H2O2 containing mouthwash. Increases in protein S-glutathionylation occurred immediately following exposure and remained for 30min following treatments. Higher levels of S-glutathionylation were maintained with each subsequent daily exposure. These increased levels of S-glutathionylation preceded the transcriptional activation of ROS sensitive genes, incuding ATF3. The identification of biomarkers that evaluate the effects of oxidative stress in the oral cavity may define at-risk populations for oral cancer and may be useful as direct biomarkers for the impact of drugs on general redox status. Citation Format: Christina L. Grek, Yefim Manevich, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew. S-Glutathionylation of buccal mucosal cell proteins as biomarkers of oxidative stress. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3546. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3546
Political Science and the Life Sciences

At the 1980 APSA meeting in Washington, a group of approximately 25 political scientists and others, out of a much larger network of contributors and sympathizers, agreed to form an Association for Politics and the Life Sciences dedicated to the advancement of an integrated biosocial perspective in our discipline. Although this short article is intended primarily to announce that fact and detail plans for the immediate future, we feel that this might also be an appropriate occasion to review briefly the history and rationale behind this intellectual activity and describe some of the objectives of the Association. The study of the relationship between biology and politics (sometimes called “biobehavioral political science” and sometimes also “biopolitics”) drew its initial impetus in the latter 1960s and early 1970s from emergent developments in a number of other disciplines, particularly (a) ethology (the naturalistic study of animal behavior and adaptation), (b) psychophysiology (specifically, efforts to correlate various physiological characteristics and “indicators” with various mental and behavioral states), (c) psychobiology (including neurological and endocrine influences on social behavior), (d) behavior genetics (involving both human and non-human animal research), (e) psychopharmacology (especially the chemical manipulation of behavioral states), (f) sociobiology (the application of modern Darwinian theory to the explanation of social behaviors), and (g) ecology (the study of the relationships between organisms and their environments, which gained visibility when the so-called “environmental crisis” erupted).
Comparison of Protection Switching Protocols for Ethernet Ring in Smart Substations

This paper makes a detailed analysis on two Ethernet ring protection switching protocols——RFC3619 and G.8032 from the aspect of healing time and control message load.In most cases,the performance of two protocols are close,but when there is control message loss,the self-healing time of RFC3619 reaches second level.As G.8032 is a redundant packet transmission protocol,the self-healing time can be maintained at millisecond level,and the resulting increase in the number of control packets in terms of the link bandwidth is negligible.
Epistemological Ignorances and Fighting for the Disappeared: Lessons from Mexico

Social justice struggles across the Americas have, over the last half century, transformed the urban areas of this region into international staging grounds for protesting the global devastation wrought by capitalist exploitation, state terror and social hatred. This paper maintains that there is much to learn for struggles against this triangulation in other parts of the world. In particular, through a discussion of how contemporary activism in Mexico against feminicidio, drug wars and brutal repression draws from a long legacy of protest across the Americas, I seek to illustrate the relevance for other places as people fight a cruel modernity that evolves through terror, profit and hatred. Critical geography has long contributed to exposing these connections and can still deepen its commitments to mapping the landscapes of the growing populations of disappeared and marginalized peoples in Mexico and elsewhere.
Hormonal factors in carcinogenesis of the prostate and testis in humans and in animal models.

The etiology of human testicular tumors is poorly defined. With the possible exception of prenatal estrogen exposure, no specific chemical exposures have been associated with testicular cancer risk in men. Prenatal as well as postnatal estrogen treatments induce testicular tumors in some mouse strains, but not in other mouse strains or in rats. Prenatal estrogen exposure also causes cryptorchid testes in mice and possibly rats. Cryptorchidism is a consistent risk factor for testicular cancer in men, and estrogen- or surgically-induced cryptorchidism is associated with Leydig cell tumorigenesis in mice. In rats, however, surgically induced cryptorchidism inhibits Leydig cell tumor formation. Overall, it appears that the mouse is the most appropriate species as animal model for testicular tumorigenesis in humans. Any of the following hormonal exposures can cause testicular tumor formation in rodents: 1) chronic exposure to estrogenic compounds of adult mice and hamsters; 2) prenatal exposure to estrogenic compounds of mice and possibly humans; and 3) any treatment or condition that induces cryptorchidism in mice and humans. The mechanisms whereby these treatments or conditions may cause testicular tumorigenesis are poorly understood. Undefined local testicular factors appear to be dominant in tumorigenesis in cryptorchid human and rodent testes. Pituitary factors, most likely LH and perhaps prolactin, play a critical but poorly defined role in estrogen-induced and spontaneous testicular tumorigenesis in rodents. In the mouse, estrogen receptor-mediated mechanisms seem to be involved in induction of testicular tumors by prenatal estrogen exposure, and a direct, perhaps estrogen receptor-mediated, inhibiting effect of estrogens on the action of mullerian inhibiting substance is probably central in the induction of cryptorchidism in this species.
Psychological Rehabilitation Therapies

Psychotherapy has among its goals establishing a new, or restoring a prior, sense of identity to patients whose sense of self has been deeply threatened by mental or physical trauma. Along with decreasing emotional suffering, the restoration of identity may be a key outcome of psychotherapeutic treatment in rehabilitation. Patients' losses include not only the physical aspects of disability but also the symbolic and psychological losses that ensue. Cognitive deficits may develop as a result of brain dysfunction, and these may also be targets of remediation techniques designed to compensate for, or directly strengthen, those functions that were weakened. Emotional sequelae, including depression, anxiety, terror, anger, blunting, constriction, instability, lability, and agitation, may also be foci of treatment. Broader issues involving psychosocial and interpersonal needs, physical dependence, personal care routines, medical comorbidities, vocational disruptions, and financial losses all can have impact. All that forms the fabric of quality of life may need to be considered in treating patients with disabling loss in rehabilitation.
EDS Containment Vessel Explosive Test and Analysis

This report documents the results of two of tests that were performed on an explosive containment vessel at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico in July 2013 to provide some deeper understanding of the effects of charge geometry on the vessel response [1]. The vessel was fabricated under Code Case 2564 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which provides rules for the design of impulsively loaded vessels [2]. The explosive rating for the vessel, based on the Code Case, is nine (9) pounds TNT-equivalent. One explosive test consisted of a single, centrally located, 7.2 pound bare charge of Composition C-4 (equivalent to 9 pounds TNT). The other test used six each 1.2 pound charges of Composition C-4 (7.2 pounds total) distributed in two bays of three.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
What Can We Conclude about the Real Aspect Ratios of Ice Particle Aggregates from Two-Dimensional Images?

AbstractA simple numerical experiment was performed to investigate the result published in many papers that measurements indicate that aggregates may be well represented as oblate spheroids with mean aspect ratio (semiminor axis to semimajor axis length) of 0.6. The aspect ratio measurements are derived from two-dimensional projections of complex three-dimensional aggregates. Here, aggregates were modeled as ellipsoids with semiprincipal axes of length a, b, and c, which include oblate spheroids (a = b) as a class, and the projected aspect ratios of large numbers of two-dimensional projections of them were sampled. When sampling oblate spheroids with aspect ratio 0.6 over random orientations, the mean projected aspect ratio is 0.746. A mean projected aspect ratio of 0.6 is obtained for an oblate spheroid with aspect ratio of 0.33. When sampling randomly oriented ellipsoids with semiminor axes (b, c) varying from 0.10 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01, representing many complex shapes, the mean projected aspect rat...
Optical Imaging Analysis of Atypical Nevi and Melanoma

Optical imaging has become a powerful tool for visualizing and tracking, spatially and in real time, the expression and function of individual genes and proteins, and biological processes at large. In this chapter, we review recent advances in optical imaging techniques, discuss optical imaging-based biological and biomedical studies in live cells and organisms, and present examples for the application of optical imaging in the context of molecular investigations of melanoma and its precursor lesions.
Akt2 Supports aIIbb3-Dependent Reorganization of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Platelets.

Akt is a serine-threonine kinase with well-described roles in growth and metabolism. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that Akt also plays important roles in platelet function in vitro and in thrombus formation in vivo. Two isoforms are present in mouse platelets, Akt1 and Akt2, with Akt2 being the dominant isoform. Our previous studies have shown that platelets from Akt2−/− mice have marked defects in aggregation, a- and dense granule secretion, and fibrinogen binding. Each of these platelet functions depends in part on the function of the major platelet integrin, aIIbb3. However, whether Akt might regulate the function of aIIbb3 is still unknown. To determine whether Akt regulates aIIbb3-dependent signaling, first the rate of thrombin-initiated clot retraction was compared in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from wild-type versus Akt2−/− mice. Akt2−/− platelets have a delay in the aIIbb3-dependent retraction of the fibrin clot compared to their wildtype counterparts. Akt2−/− platelets also have a delay in aIIbb3-dependent spreading on immobilized fibrinogen. However, adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen was normal in these platelets, suggesting that the spreading defect is due to a defect in outside-in signaling by the integrin, rather than in fibrinogen binding. Furthermore, unstimulated platelets expressing a constitutively active form of Akt spread more rapidly on fibrinogen-coated slides and generate more filopodial extensions than wildtype platelets, suggesting that Akt activation may be sufficient to induce outside-in signaling and /or cytoskeletal remodeling. Interestingly, integrin activation was not sufficient to induce Akt phoshorylation, suggesting that integrin activity is downstream rather than upstream of Akt activation. Taken together, these results suggest that integrin aIIbb3 is not necessary for Akt activation; however, Akt promotes outside-in signaling and cytoskeletal remodeling by aIIbb3.
Information-Theoretic Performance Analysis of Sensor Networks via Markov Modeling of Time Series Data

This paper presents information-theoretic performance analysis of passive sensor networks for detection of moving targets. The proposed method falls largely under the category of data-level information fusion in sensor networks. To this end, a measure of information contribution for sensors is formulated in a symbolic dynamics framework. The network information state is approximately represented as the largest principal component of the time series collected across the network. To quantify each sensor’s contribution for generation of the information content, Markov machine models as well as x-Markov (pronounced as cross -Markov) machine models, conditioned on the network information state, are constructed; the difference between the conditional entropies of these machines is then treated as an approximate measure of information contribution by the respective sensors. The x-Markov models represent the conditional temporal statistics given the network information state. The proposed method has been validated on experimental data collected from a local area network of passive sensors for target detection, where the statistical characteristics of environmental disturbances are similar to those of the target signal in the sense of time scale and texture. A distinctive feature of the proposed algorithm is that the network decisions are independent of the behavior and identity of the individual sensors, which is desirable from computational perspectives. Results are presented to demonstrate the proposed method’s efficacy to correctly identify the presence of a target with very low false-alarm rates. The performance of the underlying algorithm is compared with that of a recent data-driven, feature-level information fusion algorithm. It is shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other algorithm.
Can undergraduate students determine whether text has been plagiarized

In two studies undergraduate students were given an original paragraph and several rewritten versions of the paragraph, some of which were plagiarized (e.g., without a citation, superficially modified from the original) and some correctly paraphrased. Students were asked to determine whether each rewritten version had been plagiarized or correctly paraphrased. Approximately 74% of the students in both studies correctly identified the paraphrased versions. However, some of the plagiarized versions were misidentified as having been correctly paraphrased by as many as 40% to 50% of the students. Results suggest that students are often unclear as to what constitutes plagiarism and correct forms of paraphrasing.
Gonadal differentiation--normal and abnormal testicular development.

This chapter concerning normal and abnormal testicular development represents 28 years of our experience based on semi-thin histologic sections of over 13,000 testicular biopsies mostly from patients with cryptorchidism and male infertility. The series also includes testicular biopsies from 30 testes of complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), 20 of mixed gonadal dysgenesis, 24 of XXY Klinefelter syndrome, 6 of male Turner syndrome (Noonan syndrome), 10 of XX-male syndrome, and 10 of hernia uteri inguinalis (persistent Mullerian duct syndrome). Special effort was taken to compare abnormal testicular development from intersex patients with that of normal testicular development from birth to adulthood.
A Question of Trust: Does Mistrust or Perceived Discrimination Account for Race Disparities in Advance Directive Completion?

Background and objectives Advance directive completion is associated with end-of-life quality indicators such as dying at home and receiving hospice care. Black older adults are less likely to complete advance directives than their white counterparts. The underlying reasons for these race disparities are not well understood. Research design and methods In two related studies, data from the Health and Retirement Study were used to examine whether mistrust in health care providers and/or perceived discrimination accounted for lower rates of advance directive completion by black older adults in the United States. Odds of advance directive completion were modeled using logistic regression and multiple measures of trust in health care providers and both medical and nonmedical perceived discriminatory treatment. Results In Study 1 (n = 699), controlling for medical mistrust did not reduce the gap between black and white participants' odds of possessing advance directives. In Study 2 (n = 2,736), higher percentages of black participants reported experiencing medical and nonmedical discriminatory treatment. However, none of the measures of discrimination accounted for black participants' lower odds of possessing advance directives. Discussion and implications These results call into question the common assertion that mistrust in medical providers or the health care system contributes to lower rates of advance care planning by black older adults. Future research should examine the potential relationships between advance directive completion and other dimensions of discrimination.
The Psychological Organization of Our Sexual Selves

The mind functions as though it is constantly integrating seven sexual components. These components guide our understanding of sexual health and distress.
Collecting Duct Nitric Oxide Synthase 1ß Activation Maintains Sodium Homeostasis During High Sodium Intake Through Suppression of Aldosterone and Renal Angiotensin II Pathways

BackgroundDuring high sodium intake, the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system is downregulated and nitric oxide signaling is upregulated in order to remain in sodium balance. Recently, we showed th...
Inter-turn short circuit ratio estimation in IPMSMs based on a fault index current observer

This paper proposes an approach to estimate the ratio between shorted and total turns in interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM). When an inter-turn short circuit (ISC) occurs, a particular disturbance affects the motor. The proposed method estimates this disturbance using an observer; this estimated signal is used to obtain the short circuit ratio. The observers are based on a dynamic model of an IPMSM under ISC. The proposed technique has several advantages. The observer estimates the ISC disturbances even if multiple phases have ISCs. Torque recovery under ISC is possible with the proposed method. In addition, short circuit ratio is estimated separately for each phase, which makes it more flexible than other conventional methods such as sequence components analysis.
Lateral Condyle Fractures

Lateral condyle fractures are the second most common elbow fracture in the pediatric and adolescent population. Though several classification systems have been proposed to describe lateral condyle fractures, the one with greatest utility is described by Weiss et al. A trial of nonoperative management is warranted in patients with <2 mm of fracture displacement and congruency of the articular surface. The authors recommend CRPP for fractures displaced ≥2–4 mm and ORIF for fractures displaced ≥5 mm. All management strategies can lead to an array of complications including malunion, fishtail deformity, and avascular necrosis with surgical intervention. The surgeon should monitor for certain complications and address them as needed.
Versatile High-Throughput Fluorescence Assay for Monitoring Cas9 Activity.

The RNA-guided DNA nuclease Cas9 is now widely used for the targeted modification of genomes of human cells and various organisms. Despite the extensive use of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) systems for genome engineering and the rapid discovery and engineering of new CRISPR-associated nucleases, there are no high-throughput assays for measuring enzymatic activity. The current laboratory and future therapeutic uses of CRISPR technology have a significant risk of accidental exposure or clinical off-target effects, underscoring the need for therapeutically effective inhibitors of Cas9. Here, we develop a fluorescence assay for monitoring Cas9 nuclease activity and demonstrate its utility with S. pyogenes (Spy), S. aureus (Sau), and C. jejuni (Cje) Cas9. The assay was validated by quantitatively profiling the species specificity of published anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins, confirming the reported inhibition of Spy Cas9 by AcrIIA4 and Cje Cas9 by AcrIIC1 and no inhibition of Sau Cas9...
Water demand management: philosophy or implementation?

This paper describes the introduction of water demand management in the southern African context. Originally a response to drought conditions, water demand management is now a key element in Rand Water's strategy of water cycle management - a mix of interventions that (holistically and continuously) keep the water industry viable and sustainable. This experience points to awareness and community education programmes being an essential companion to the technical interventions such as leakage reduction measures.
Severe Babesia microti infection presenting as multiorgan failure in an immunocompetent host

A previously healthy 67-year-old farmer presented to an outside hospital after a 2-week history of non-specific respiratory symptoms. A certain diagnosis was not initially apparent, and the patient was discharged home on a regimen for presumed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. He re-presented to the emergency department with shock and hypoxaemic respiratory failure requiring prompt intubation and fluid resuscitation. He was then transferred to our institution due to multiorgan failure. On arrival, the patient demonstrated refractory shock and worsening acute kidney injury, severe anaemia and thrombocytopaenia. The peripheral smear revealed absence of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. A closer review of the smear displayed red blood cell inclusion bodies consistent with babesiosis. The patient was started on clindamycin and loaded with intravenous quinidine, and subsequently transitioned to oral quinine. A red cell exchange transfusion was pursued with improvement of the parasite load. The patient was discharged home on clindamycin/quinine and scheduled for outpatient intermittent haemodialysis.
The main limit theorem

We shall give in this section a complete determination of the limit or limits of p ij (n) as n → ∞, for every i and j. If j is nonrecurrent it follows already from the Corollary to Theorem 5.5 that \( \mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } p_{ij}^{\left( n \right)} = 0. \)
Insulated or Integrated: For-Profit Distance Education in the Non-Profit University

As colleges and universities pursue market-oriented activities in search of added revenue, increased enrollments, and greater prestige and visibility for their "brand names," they are increasingly turning to the for-profit company as a means to meet these goals. This is particularly evident as non-profit colleges and universities create for-profit subsidiaries to deliver distance education. These subsidiaries are aimed principally at the $3.5 billion online education market, which is projected to expand to $7 billion nationally and $25 billion worldwide by 2003 (Goldman, 2000, April 3; Rewick, 2001, March 12; Eklund, 2001, January 26).
Orbital decay in binaries containing post-main-sequence stars

The orbital decay of binaries containing a primary sub-giant or red giant star and a stellar or substellar companion is investigated. The tide raised in the primary by the companion leads to an exchange of angular momentum between the orbit and the stellar spin, causing the orbit to contract and the primary to spin up. The rate of orbital decay is computed including both the equilibrium tide, damped by turbulent viscosity in the convective envelope, and the dynamical tide, assumed to be a traveling internal-gravity wave in the radiative core. For close binaries, the tidal forcing period is expected to be much shorter than the eddy turnover timescale in the convective envelope, and the prescription for "reduced" viscosity is an important consideration. The dynamical tide tends to dominate for the closest orbits, while the equilibrium tide dominates for more distant orbits, with the crossover point depending on the stellar mass. The spin up of the primary to synchronous rotation occurs for sufficiently massive secondaries, and this greatly slows the orbital decay until the Darwin instability occurs. A parameter survey is presented for orbital decay as a function of primary and secondary mass, as well as turbulent viscosity prescription. These results are summarized with analytic formulae and numerical results for the age-dependent critical separation, $a_{\rm crit}$, inside of which orbital decay is rapid, and few systems are expected to be observed. The calculations of $a_{\rm crit}$ are compared with APOGEE binaries, as well as solar mass exoplanet host stars.
Shame in pastoral psychotherapy

This essay contends that pastoral psychotherapy is an arena of shame for clients and therapists. If unacknowledged, shame can undermine therapy and injure all participants. The approach is to provide a succinct typology of shame, to describe how shame is woven into the structure and process of psychotherapy, and to offer seven ways therapists can work creatively with shame in psychotherapy and turn it into a healing resource.
Accelerating array joining with integrated value-index

Large-scale multidimensional array processing is becoming an increasingly important problem with the rise of big data, scientific data processing, and machine learning workloads. One of the prevalent query types, array join, compares the cells of two arrays and finds matching cell pairs and is useful in finding patterns and differences across multiple arrays. These queries of ten have two distinct characteristics: first, the queries usually have a value-based filter predicate, because one may only be interested in a small subset of the entire array, and second, because many multidimensional data are numerical and has inaccuracies in nature, the comparison between cells are of ten required to be approximate. These two characteristics motivate the need for value similarity array joins. While prior works exist in both array join and similarity join, they primarily target dimension-based comparisons and do not address this problem.This paper introduces a new array joining operator, idJoin, designed to perform efficient value-based joining predicates as well as dimension-based predicates. idJoin makes use of an integrated indexed array representation to facilitate fast comparison on both the dimensions and values of the cell. While we also can support equi-join and dimensional similarity join, idJoin is unique in allowing efficient value similarity joins. Our extensive evaluation shows that our method provides significant speedup (up to orders of magnitudes) for scenarios with smaller selectivity, and perform competitively in scenarios with larger selectivity.
Mycoplasma haemolamae and intestinal parasite relationships with erythrocyte variables in clinically healthy alpacas and llamas

Background Mycoplasma haemolamae (Mhl) and gastrointestinal nematodes can cause anemia in camelids. Control programs aim to suppress parasitism without promoting anthelminthic resistance, but few evidence-based guidelines define acceptable parasite loads in camelids. Hypothesis/objectives In clinically healthy nonanemic camelids, compare erythrocyte variables to Mhl real-time PCR status and to fecal egg count (FEC). Determine the FEC threshold above which erythrocyte variables are consistently below reference interval medians. Animals One hundred fourteen client-owned adult alpacas and llamas. Methods In a cross-sectional study, whole blood in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was assessed for packed cell volume (PCV) by centrifugation, erythrocyte count (RBC), and hemoglobin concentration (HGB) using an ADVIA120 analyzer, and Mhl using real-time PCR. Trichostrongyle eggs per gram (epg) were counted by modified McMaster test on freshly collected feces. Significant differences in erythrocyte variables based on Mhl status and FEC thresholds were assessed by independent t test and one-way ANOVA, respectively. Results Packed cell volume, RBC, and HGB were not significantly different between Mhl-positive and Mhl-negative animals, but were significantly lower in animals with FEC >1000 epg compared to those with 600 epg had RBC and HGB below the reference interval median. All animals with FEC >750 epg had PCV below the reference interval median. Conclusions and clinical importance In healthy nonanemic camelids, positive Mhl PCR is not associated with lower erythrocyte variables and such animals may not warrant treatment. Fecal egg count >600-750 epg has a negative effect on erythrocyte variables, and may be a guide for deworming protocols.
18 – Video Compression

Publisher Summary Video compression is viewed as image compression with a temporal as video consists of a time sequence of images. From this point of view, the only “new” technique introduced in this chapter is a strategy to take advantage of this temporal correlation. However, there are different situations in which video compression becomes necessary, each requiring a solution specific to its peculiar conditions. The chapter briefly highlights at video compression algorithms and standards developed for different video communications applications. Most of the video compression algorithms make use of the temporal correlation to remove redundancy. The difference between the prediction and the current frame—the prediction error or residual—is encoded and transmitted to the receiver. The reconstructed frame is also available at the receiver. Therefore, if the receiver knows the manner in which the prediction is performed, it can use this information to generate the prediction values and add them to the prediction error to generate the reconstruction. The prediction operation in video coding has to take into account motion of the objects in the frame, which is known as “motion compensation.”
CF-252 Neutron Brachytherapy, Neutron Capture Therapy and Teletherapy for Melanoma and Malignant Gliomas

I review a few of our past and our projected clinical studies in this report. We began our work testing Cf-252 (Cf) neutron brachytherapy (NBT) for the treatment of bulky and advanced and localized cancers1. We used the brachytherapy method which is the direct placement of radiation sources into the tumor. When we began our studies other centers had tested but not discovered the great potential of Cf-252 neutrons for cancer therapy of radioresistant tumors. By our early studies we found that a very small radiation dose using Cf-252 produced a very marked effect compared to Cs-1371 photon brachytherapy1. This effect is termed relative biological effectiveness (RBE)1. Tumors also regressed rapidly after treatment compared to photon therapy2. This led to the testing of a novel “early” or “up-front”2 schedule for use of neutrons i.e., performed before photon beam therapy. In our trials we almost always combined Cf-252 implants with large doses of regional photon beam therapy1. These methods have led to highly successful trials based on local tumor control, patient survival and cure and absence of complications or significant late effects. This led to clinical trials testing feasibility, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III trials, all conducted at a single institution. We have now entered into a phase aimed to test boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) enhancement of brachytherapy3 and the design and development of a Cf-252 teletherapy machine for hospital-based BNCT4.
Factors affecting on Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions: Evidence from Eastern University, Sri Lanka

This study was conduct at Eastern University, Sri Lanka. The objectives of the study were; to determine the entrepreneurial intention among the students of Faculty of Commerce and Management. The researcher uses qualitative research designs with a sample size of 200 respondents. Both primary and secondary data were used and the data collection method was questionnaires. The primary data of this study gathered by distributing 200 survey questionnaires to respondents at Eastern University, Sri Lanka. SPSS version 22 was used in the analysis of the data. The Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability test which can ensure high reliability result was conducted on every variable i.e. independent variable (Attitude towards the behavior, Subjective norms, Perceived behavioral control, Entrepreneurship Education and Personality Traits) and dependent variable (Entrepreneurial Intention). The discussion of the findings, implications of the study, limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed in the end of the study.
Time-to-scene for opioid overdoses: are unmanned aerial drones faster than traditional first responders in an urban environment?

Introduction Opioid overdoses claim tens of thousands of lives every year. Many of these deaths might be prevented if overdose-reversal medications such as naloxone are administered in a timely manner. Drones may help overcome barriers to timely arrival on scene for opioid overdoses. This study analyses the time required for a drone carrying naloxone to traverse various distances, simulating the response time for a drone to the scene of an opioid overdose. For comparison, we used the time required for ambulances to traverse similar distances while responding to the scene of actual or suspected opioid overdoses. Methods Fifty flight trials, using a modified Da-Jiāng Innovations (DJI) ‘Inspire 2’ drone, were conducted across seven distances, and the travel time for the drone was then compared with historical response time data from 200 actual or suspected opioid overdose cases that occurred within Detroit, Michigan. Results We determined with 95% certainty that drone arrival times were discernibly quicker than ambulance arrival times at all distances where sufficient data were available to perform statistical comparisons including 0.5 km, 1.0 km, 1.5 km, 2.0 km and 3.0 km. Conclusion We have shown that a drone is capable of travelling several ranges of straight-line (ie, ‘as the crow flies’) distance faster than an ambulance. Further exploration into the use of drones to deliver life-saving therapies in urban and rural settings is warranted. Head-to-head prospective trials that consider the practical challenges of medical drone delivery are needed to better understand the viability of incorporating this technology into existing emergency response infrastructure.
An Understudied Dimension: Why Age Needs to Be Considered When Studying Epigenetic-Environment Interactions.

We live in a complex chemical environment where there are an estimated 350 000 chemical compounds or mixtures commercially produced. A strong body of literature shows that there are time points during early development when an organism's epigenome is particularly sensitive to chemicals in its environment. What is less understood is how gene-environment and epigenetic-environment interactions change with age. This question is bidirectional: (1) how do chemicals in the environment affect the aging process and (2) how does aging affect an organism's response to its chemical environment? The study of gene-environment interactions with age is especially important because, in many parts of the world, older individuals are a large and rapidly growing proportion of the population and because aging is a process universal to most of the animal kingdom. Epigenetics has emerged as a crucial framework for studying aging as epigenetic pathways, often triggered by environmental stimuli, have been shown to be essential regulators of the aging process. In this perspective article, we delineate the connection between aging, epigenetics, and environmental exposures. We discuss why it is essential to consider age when researching how an organism interacts with its environment. We describe recent advances in understanding how the chemical environment affects aging and the gap in research on how age affects an organism's response to the environment. Finally, we highlight how model organisms and network approaches can help fill this crucial gap. Taken together, systemic changes that occur in the epigenome with age indicate that adult organisms cannot be treated as a homogeneous population and that there are discrete mechanisms modulating the aging epigenome that we do not yet understand.