cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Apoptotic Cells Can Induce Compensatory Cell Proliferation through the JNK and the Wingless Signaling Pathways

In many metazoans, damaged and potentially dangerous cells are rapidly eliminated by apoptosis. In Drosophila, this is often compensated for by extraproliferation of neighboring cells, which allows the organism to tolerate considerable cell death without compromising development and body size. Despite its importance, the mechanistic basis of such compensatory proliferation remains poorly understood. Here, we show that apoptotic cells express the secretory factors wingless (wg) and decapentaplegic (dpp). When cells undergoing apoptosis were kept alive with the caspase inhibitor p35, excessive nonautonomous cell proliferation was observed. Significantly, wg signaling is necessary and, at least in some cells, also sufficient for mitogenesis under these conditions. Finally, we provide evidence that the DIAP1 antagonists reaper and hid can activate the JNK pathway and that this pathway is required for inducing wg and cell proliferation. These findings support a model where apoptotic cells activate signaling cascades for compensatory proliferation.
Response of Baroclinic Life Cycles to Barotropic Shear

Abstract Cyclonic barotropic shear of incrementally increasing magnitude is imposed on an idealized midlatitude jet, and the life cycles of baroclinically unstable wavenumber 6 perturbations growing on these jets are studied. When the barotropic shear parameter passes a critical value, the life cycle makes an abrupt transition from anticyclonic to cyclonic behavior. The abrupt transition in behavior is most evident in the barotropic decay of eddy kinetic energy, in the structure of the eddies as seen in potential vorticity maps, and in the nature of the zonal flow accelerations produced during the life cycle. It is suggested that the abrupt transition can be interpreted as arising from a positive feedback between eddy propagation and eddy-induced zonal flow accelerations. Dependences on the zonal scale of the eddy are also investigated. Wavenumber 8 exhibits cyclonic behavior, while wavenumber 4 exhibits anticyclonic behavior for all values of cyclonic shear considered. This dependence on zonal scale is c...
Juberg-Hayward syndrome: report of a new patient with severe phenotype and novel clinical features.

We report a patient with severe mental retardation (MR), microcephaly, Dandy-Walker malformation, bilateral lip/palate clefts, hypertrophied sublingual frenulum, lobular tongue, absent thumbs, and other skeletal abnormalities, including Y-shaped metacarpals and urogenital abnormalities. High-resolution karyotype and subtelomeric fluorescence in situ hybridization were normal. We propose that his clinical picture is most consistent with Juberg-Hayward or orocraniodigital syndrome. Several clinical features present in our patient (unilateral distal displacement of elbow position, second-site radioulnar synostosis, bilateral Y-shaped metacarpal, lobular tongue, hypertrophic frenuli, Dandy-Walker malformation) have not previously been reported in this condition, thus expanding the phenotypic spectrum of this rare condition. The presence of these novel findings suggests possible overlap with other syndromes, such as orofaciodigital and Malpuech syndromes.
Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Ocular Surface Disorders

Abstract: Ocular surface disease (OSD) is a very common disorder, which affects millions of Americans (Online access: http://www.cmeelsevier.com/552 ). OSD affects the cornea, conjunctiva, eye lids, meibomian glands, or pre-ocular tear film. The dysfunction of these components can result in damage to the ocular surface, which necessitates rapid recognition and intervention to prevent patients from suffering permanent damage. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is crucial to successfully managing OSD and emphasizes the need for educational interventions to reach the ultimate goal of improving patient care. This CME activity will bring clinicians up to date with guidelines, as well as the most effective techniques to integrate these guidelines when making individualized treatment plans for patients. In addition current clinical trial data of emerging and available therapies will be discussed to ensure the more efficient treatment is provided to patients. In addition, practical strategies to apply this knowledge in practice will be provided to ensure optimal care for every patient with OSD.
ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER : ALTERNATIVES FOR PSYCHOTHERAPY ?

Alternative treatments to stimulant drugs for children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are suggested.
Reactive fibrohistiocytic proliferation simulating fibrous histiocytoma.

A pelvic nodule was excised at the time of reexploration of the abdomen in a 32-year-old woman who had previously had a malignant germ cell tumor with a mixed histologic pattern of the right ovary. The 3-cm firm lesion from the right vaginal apex was composed predominantly of spindle cells with a prominent storiform pattern. Some findings, such as the presence of foamy histiocytes and a focal foreign body reaction with polarizable material, were atypical for a lesion otherwise quite acceptable histologically as a fibrous histiocytoma. Ultrastructural findings also tended to support the reactive rather than neoplastic nature of this mass. There is a similarity to the silica reaction described by Weiss and co-workers (Cancer 42:2738-2743, 1978).
A Neutron Diffraction Study of Co2Ru1-xMnxO4 Spinels

Powder neutron diffraction and magnetization measurements are presented on the Co2Ru1-xMnxO4 system. In these materials the tetrahedral (A) sites are occupied by Co2+ (S = 3/2) ions, and the octahedral (B) sites are jointly occupied by Co3+ (low spin, S = 0), Ru3+ (low spin, S = 1/2), and Mn3+ (S = 2) ions. The measurements reveal that Co2RuO4 undergoes a spin-glass transition, Co2MnO4 is a collinear ferrimagnet, and that Co2Ru0.5Mn0.5O4 undergoes an unusual magnetic double transition. Triple-axis measurements indicate that the lower temperature transition in Co2Ru0.5Mn0.5O4 is characterized by the onset of diffuse scattering and the emergence of short-range order. The Co2Ru1-xMnxO4 series appears to be well-suited for studying the coexistence of long- and short-range magnetic order.
POLYPHYLY OF THE BLACKBIRD GENUS AGELAIUS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF ASSUMPTIONS OF MONOPHYLY IN COMPARATIVE STUDIES.

A phylogeny for Agelaius blackbirds was constructed using sequence data from an 890 base-pair (bp) region of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene in nine species of Agelaius and a single species from all but 1 of the 28 described blackbird genera and subgenera. The genus was found to be polyphyletic with the South American members of Agelaius more closely related to other South American blackbird genera. Application of bootstrap and jackknife manipulations supports this conclusion. That this relatively well-known genus is polyphyletic represents a warning to those attempting to construct phylogenies without first demonstrating monophyly of the ingroup. The conclusion that Agelaius is polyphyletic necessitates (1) the reinterpretation of previous studies that assumed monophyly and (2) the initiation of a variety of new comparative behavioral and ecological studies suggested by this finding.
An Analysis of the Physical Education Programs of the Minnesota Secondary Schools

(1946). An Analysis of the Physical Education Programs of the Minnesota Secondary Schools. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 24-32.
Procalcitonin level-guided treatment reduced antibiotic use in exacerbations of COPD.

Source Citation Stolz D, Christ-Crain M, Bingisser R, et al. Antibiotic treatment of exacerbations of COPD: a randomized, controlled trial comparing procalcitonin-guidance with standard therapy. Ch...
Polymer–Membrane Interactions

The interactions between synthetic macromolecules and the biological plasma membrane represent an important area of contemporary research. This is a relatively new area with the initial reports appearing only in the past 25 years. The chapter is organized into four main sections focused on neutral, zwitterionic, anionic, and cationic polymers. Anionic and cationic macromolecules encompass the vast majority of studies, while zwitterionic and neutral polymers represent a much smaller fraction of reports. Studies of anionic polymers have focused almost exclusively on poly(carboxylic acids) due to their biologically relevant p K a . Zwitterionic polymers represent the newest addition to the field with fundamental studies reported only in the past few years. Reports on neutral polymers are dominated by pluronic- and N -isopropylacrylamide-based materials. Cationic polymers represent the most chemically diverse class ranging from simple cationic polymers like polyethyleneimine to more synthetically sophisticated structures like those designed to mimic naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides. As polymer scientists advance our ability to tailor-make macromolecules, more complex and specific interactions with plasma membranes will become available. Understanding these interactions will broaden our fundamental knowledge and create new technologies. The area has important relationships to the field of membrane proteins.
EBSD of Ceramic Materials

The term “ceramics” covers a very broad range of materials. By definition, ceramics include all nonmetallic inorganic solids, containing both nonmetallic and metallic constituents; the interatomic bonds thus usually have both ionic and covalent character. The usefulness of ceramics in a wide variety of applications stems from properties such as hardness and resistance to heat, corrosion, and electricity. Ceramics are sometimes divided into two groups known as “traditional ceramics” and “new ceramics” (Kingery et al., 1976). The traditional ceramics include those primarily in the silicate industries (e.g., whitewares) and refractories. The new ceramics include electro-optic ceramics, magnetic ceramics, single crystals used for thin-film substrates, those used in the nuclear industry, and pure oxide ceramics to name a few (Kingery et al., 1976). The study of ceramics using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has not yet extended into all of these areas of ceramics. However, EBSD research of certain ceramics has received considerable attention, and this will be the focus of this review.
Influence of grain type, tallow level, and tallow feeding system on feedlot cattle performance

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type, tallow level, and tallow feeding system on finishing steer performance. Experiment 1 involved 256 yearling steers (359 kg) in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Steers were assigned randomly to one of four tallow feeding systems: 1) 0% tallow fed throughout the experiment; 2) 4% tallow fed throughout the experiment; 3) 0% tallow fed d 1 through 33 and then 4% tallow fed until slaughter; and 4) 4% tallow fed d 1 through 33 and then 0% tallow fed until slaughter. Tallow treatments were applied to diets containing either dry-rolled corn (DRC) of high-moisture corn (HMC). No fat treatment x grain type interaction (P > .10) was observed. Steers fed 4% tallow throughout the experiment, only during d 1 through 33, or only during d 34 until slaughter were more (P .10). In Exp. 2, 120 large-framed steer calves (286 kg) were blocked by weight and allotted randomly within block to one of three treatments consisting of the addition fo 0, 2, or 4% tallow added d 1 and fed for 197 d. Feed efficiency of calves increased linearly (P .10), but DMI decreased linearly (P < .05) with increasing tallow level. This research indicates that tallow added during or after grain adaptation to DRC- or HMC-based diets fed to yearling steers will result in similar improvement in feed efficiency, and that including up to 4% tallow to diets fed to large-framed calves can significantly improve feed efficiency.
A Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Study of the Impact of Ligand Passivation on the Plasmonic Behavior of Ag Nanoclusters

Abstract We present a detailed study of the impact of ligand passivation on the electronic structures and optical properties of plasmonic Ag nanoclusters using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The clusters studied are A g 13 5 + , A g 25 S H 18 − , A g 25 N H 2 18 − , A g 32 14 + , and A g 44 S H 30 4 − . We find that the highest occupied ligand orbitals from S (3p) and N (2p) appear just above the conduction band, and this leads to significant ligand-to-metal charge transfer transitions at high energies. Dielectric screening associated with ligand passivation results in reduced HOMO–LUMO gaps and in an increased gap between the HOMO and the valence band associated with the Ag 4d orbitals. Ligand field effects result in splitting of plasmonic peaks, leading to reduced mixing between nearby single-particle excitations. The magnitude of these effects is found to decrease when thiolate ligands are replaced with amine ligands. We also find that, in the case of the A g 44 S H 30 4 − cluster, the ligands localize plasmonic excitations into the core of the cluster.
Hopper's Fables: A Mathematical Storytelling Adventure (Abstract Only)

Block Programming languages (e.g., Scratch, Blockly) are widely used in teaching students within K-12 classrooms and in some universities with hopes of introducing programming concepts to beginner students. The use of block programming languages in classrooms is an effort in encouraging students' interest in computer programming by utilizing Papert's "low floor" and "high ceiling" metaphor. The Hour of Code is one example demonstrating the impact block languages have in education; however, there are not many languages offering an emphasis on advancing skills in mathematics or reading while focusing on the need of students with learning disabilities. This poster describes our creation of a block language using Blockly's API. Our block language, Hopper's Fables, named after Admiral Grace Hopper, is a storytelling language based on completing interactive mathematical problems in an effort to engage students while going through the story. It is the intent of Hopper's Fables to aid elementary students with learning disabilities through enhancing their math and literacy skills, while simultaneously building the student's digital fluency and developing their computational thinking skills. Hopper's Fables is based on research of related work, which allowed for the creation of an evaluation rubric. Analyzing the characteristics of existing languages allowed Hopper's Fables to come to life. By combining Papert's "low floor" and "high ceiling" philosophy with educational foundations, Hopper's Fables will provide students with an appropriate and enchanting learning environment.
Climate sensitivity of end-use electricity consumption in the built environment: An application to the state of Florida, United States

Abstract The link between climate and energy needed for space conditioning has been widely studied, but is still beset with uncertainties. The uncertainties are further compounded by the projected climate change impacts, which will likely increase the frequency of weather and climate extremes. Unlike previous approaches, we leveraged non-linear statistical learning methods to develop predictive models for residential and commercial electricity usage to understand the relationship between weather, climate and electric power consumption. Our analyses were implemented for the state of Florida, one of the most energy intensive states with geographic and demographic vulnerability to climatic change. Our results indicate that the method of Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) best captures the complex structure of the data. We conclude that mean dew point temperature is a more suitable predictor of climate sensitive load than the most widely used degree-days variables. Moreover, wind-speed and precipitation are key predictors of the climate sensitive portion of electricity consumption. We also find that the residential electricity consumption has more spatio-temporal heterogeneity and is more influenced by consumer behavior than the commercial sector.
Reliable and Elastic Propagation of Cortical Seizures In Vivo

Summary Mapping the fine-scale neural activity that underlies epilepsy is key to identifying potential control targets of this frequently intractable disease. Yet, the detailed in vivo dynamics of seizure progression in cortical microcircuits remain poorly understood. We combine fast (30-Hz) two-photon calcium imaging with local field potential (LFP) recordings to map, cell by cell, the spread of locally induced (4-AP or picrotoxin) seizures in anesthetized and awake mice. Using single-layer and microprism-assisted multilayer imaging in different cortical areas, we uncover reliable recruitment of local neural populations within and across cortical layers, and we find layer-specific temporal delays, suggesting an initial supra-granular invasion followed by deep-layer recruitment during lateral seizure spread. Intriguingly, despite consistent progression pathways, successive seizures show pronounced temporal variability that critically depends on GABAergic inhibition. We propose an epilepsy circuit model resembling an elastic meshwork, wherein ictal progression faithfully follows preexistent pathways but varies flexibly in time, depending on the local inhibitory restraint.
Designing Interactions for 3D Printed Models with Blind People

Three-dimensional printed models have the potential to serve as powerful accessibility tools for blind people. Recently, researchers have developed methods to further enhance 3D prints by making them interactive: when a user touches a certain area in the model, the model speaks a description of the area. However, these interactive models were limited in terms of their functionalities and interaction techniques. We conducted a two-section study with 12 legally blind participants to fill in the gap between existing interactive model technologies and end users' needs, and explore design opportunities. In the first section of the study, we observed participants' behavior as they explored and identified models and their components. In the second section, we elicited user-defined input techniques that would trigger various functions from an interactive model. We identified five exploration activities (e.g., comparing tactile elements), four hand postures (e.g., using one hand to hold a model in the air), and eight gestures (e.g., using index finger to strike on a model) from the participants' exploration processes and aggregate their elicited input techniques. We derived key insights from our findings including: (1) design implications for I3M technologies, and (2) specific designs for interactions and functionalities for I3Ms.
Spontaneous buckling-driven periodic delamination of thin films on soft substrates under large compression

Abstract Through a combination of experiments, theoretical modeling, and finite element simulation, we explore the mechanics governing the formation and evolution of periodic buckle-delamination on both micro- and macro-scale by bonding a thin film to an extremely pre-strained soft elastomeric substrate over 400%. We find that upon the large substrate pre-strain release, the deformation in the film follows a three-stage deformation regime, i.e. onset of localized blisters (Stage I), growth through delamination crack propagation to form periodic sinusoidal blisters (Stage II), and transition to post-buckled jig-saw-like blisters under fixed-end compression after crack arrest (Stage III). Related energy-based mechanics models on predicting the evolution and geometry of periodic blisters under moderate and large compression are developed and validated through both experiments and finite element simulation. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of harnessing spontaneous buckle-delamination for interfacial toughness measurement through the metrology of blisters, as well as design of extremely stretchable electronics by achieving an extremely lower value of maximum tensile strain in the buckle-delaminated film.
Debunking the Relevance of the Debt-to-GDP Ratio

Debt-to-GDP ratios do not predict fiscal outcomes. As ratios of government debt rise, some societies manage to deliver more responsible fiscal behaviour. Low debt ratios often mask dangerous currency or maturity mismatches which can suddenly impair banks and governments. Contingent liabilities, especially arising from the banking system, have the power to undermine sovereign creditworthiness. The demand for government bonds can behave unpredictably, and governments can suddenly find themselves cut off from financing. Official institutions like the IMF, European Commission, and World Bank have done themselves and their member states a great disfavour by obsessing about debt ratios which do not have clear implications for debt sustainability.
Differential impact of trait sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD inattention in early childhood on adolescent functioning

Background Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is distinct from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention (ADHD-IN) and concurrently associated with a range of impairment domains. However, few longitudinal studies have examined SCT as a longitudinal predictor of adjustment. Studies to date have all used a relatively short longitudinal time span (6 months to 2 years) and only rating scale measures of adjustment. Using a prospective, multi-method design, this study examined whether SCT and ADHD-IN were differentially associated with functioning over a 10-year period between preschool and the end of ninth grade. Methods Latent state-trait modeling determined the trait variance (i.e. consistency across occasions) of SCT and ADHD-IN across four measurement points (preschool and the end of kindergarten, first grade, and second grade) in a large population-based longitudinal sample (N = 976). Regression analyses were used to examine trait SCT and ADHD-IN factors in early childhood as predictors of functioning at the end of ninth grade (i.e. parent ratings of psychopathology and social/academic functioning, reading and mathematics academic achievement scores, processing speed and working memory). Results Both SCT and ADHD-IN contained more trait variance (Ms = 65% and 61%, respectively) than occasion-specific variance (Ms = 35% and 39%) in early childhood, with trait variance increasing as children progressed from preschool through early elementary school. In regression analyses: (a) SCT significantly predicted greater withdrawal and anxiety/depression whereas ADHD-IN did not uniquely predict these internalizing domains; (b) ADHD-IN uniquely predicted more externalizing behaviors whereas SCT uniquely predicted fewer externalizing behaviors; (c) SCT uniquely predicted shyness whereas both SCT and ADHD-IN uniquely predicted global social difficulties; and (d) ADHD-IN uniquely predicted poorer math achievement and slower processing speed whereas SCT more consistently predicted poorer reading achievement. Conclusions Findings of this study - from the longest prospective sample to date - provide the clearest evidence yet that SCT and ADHD-IN often differ when it comes to the functional outcomes they predict.
CHAPTER 11 – Fractal Dimension and Analyte-Receptor Binding in Cells

A fractal analysis of the binding of cellular analyte in solution to a (cellular) receptor immobilized on a biosensor surface provides a quantitative indication of the state of disorder (fractal dimension) and binding-rate coefficient on the surface. The fractal dimension value provides a quantitative measure of the degree of heterogeneity on the biosensor surface for the cellular analyte–receptor binding systems analyzed. Even though the cellular receptor is immobilized to a biosensor surface it does provide insights into the cellular analyte–receptor binding reaction. Both a single- and a dual-fractal analysis were utilized to provide an adequate fit. This was done by the regression analysis provided by Sigma plot. The dual-fractal analysis was utilized to provide an adequate fit in spite of not currently having a molecular basis for it. Quantitative expressions were developed for the binding-rate coefficient as a function of the fractal dimension. The fractal dimension is not a classical independent variable, as indicated earlier, such as analyte concentration. The binding-rate coefficient has been directly related to the fractal dimension for cellular analyte–receptor reactions occurring on biosensor surfaces. Even though the reaction is occurring on a biosensor surface, the analysis provides physical insights into cellular analyte–receptor reactions.
TESTICULAR HORMONE PRODUCTION IN FETAL RHESUS MACAQUES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the testicular hormone production in fetal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). A functional fetal testis is an important component in the developmental events in the sexual differentiation of mammals. The chapter discusses endogenous steroid hormone production by the fetal testes and the developmental biology of the rhesus macaque. The gestation period of rhesus macaques is approximately 167 days. The testes differentiate into distinct morphological entities on approximately day 40 of gestation in rhesus macaques and between day 49 and day 56 in human beings. The chapter discusses sex differences in hormone concentrations throughout fetal development. This approach ascertained only differences that could be detected in the serum or plasma of the fetus. With it, equally important questions about the metabolic conversion of gonadal hormones by fetal target tissues cannot be answered.
Describing Hydrodynamic Particle Removal from Surfaces Using the Particle Reynolds Number

The fundamental processes related to the removal of fine particles from surfaces in a hydrodynamic flow field are not adequately understood. A critical particle Reynolds number approach is proposed to assess these mechanisms for fine particles when surface roughness is small compared to particle diameter. At and above the critical particle Reynolds number, particle removal occurs, while below the critical value, particles remain attached to a surface. The system under consideration consists of glass particles adhering to a glass surface in laminar channel flow. Our results indicate rolling is the removal mechanism, which is in agreement with the literature. Theoretical results of the critical particle Reynolds number model for rolling removal are in general agreement with experimental data when particle size distribution, particle and surface roughness, and system Hamaker constant are taken into account.
Sporadic distant neurotoxin effects in the chronic treatment of spasticity

Introduction/Background Neurotoxin therapy is an effective component of comprehensive spasticity management. The two cases presented demonstrate adverse effects. Material and method Patient S is a 60-year-old female with right spastic hemiparesis due to left hemispheric stroke (age 46) treated with therapy, bracing, oral baclofen. Patient R is a 28-year-old female with left spastic hemiparesis due to hemispherectomy (age 6). Results For patient S, onabotulinumtoxinA (ONA) was initiated at 300 units (u) to the right upper extremity (RUE), advanced to 500u. She received injections every 3–3.5 months for over 9 years and continued to function independently. At routine follow-up, she related left upper extremity (LUE) weakness that she noted but did not report with her two prior injections. She denied any other symptoms. Examination revealed mild, diffuse LUE weakness, imaging was unremarkable and EMG demonstrated a chronic LUE axonal polyradiculopathy. ONA was continued at 300u to the RUE with somewhat lesser but maintained benefit without adverse effects. For patient R, ONA was initiated at 400u to the LUE every three months for 13 rounds, advanced to 500u. Contralateral (RUE) weakness developed after the second round of 500u dosing. Diagnostic evaluation was notable only for increased insertional activity, fibrillation potentials and decreased recruitment with subsequent long duration polyphasic motor unit potentials. Unchanged with high dose steroids, weakness improved with IVIG. Repeat ONA with 500u resulted in good local effect, recurrent contralateral upper and lower extremity weakness. EMG demonstrated contralateral cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral axonal polyradiculopathy. Symptoms improved with IVIG. Patient declined subsequent ONA. Conclusion Both patients were treated with neurotoxin therapy for 3–9 years with good clinical response before developing the adverse reaction. Weakness distant to the injection sites is supported by electrodiagnostic findings of contralateral axonal polyradiculopathy. The clinical presentations suggest the possibility that the adverse effect of distant weakness may be immune-mediated and dose-related.
Bisalt ether electrolytes: a pathway towards lithium metal batteries with Ni-rich cathodes

The electrochemical performance and mechanistic effects of incorporating two salts in an ether electrolyte in Li–metal cells were investigated experimentally and via molecular scale modeling. Improvements in efficiency and cycling stability over baseline electrolytes in lithium (Li) versus copper (Cu) cells were directly correlated to the initial Li-nucleation process, as observed via cryogenic-focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) prepared cross sections, which revealed that Li films deposited with the bisalt electrolyte were significantly thinner and denser than those from the baseline. This behavior was further traced back to the initial nucleation process via cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), which shows stark differences in the morphology and conformality of deposited Li as a function of electrolyte chemistry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed from the bisalt electrolyte primarily consists of larger anion fragments, suggesting that the anion chemistry strongly influences the extent of reduction and resulting surface chemistry. Ab initio DFT-based and force field-based molecular dynamics calculations revealed the complex interplay (positioning, orientation, reactivity, kinetics) between the FSI− and TFSI− anions in the double layer at both electrode–electrolyte interfaces and the ramifications for stabilizing these interfaces. As a result of the unique interphasial chemistry brought by this bisalt system, this electrolyte supports an unprecedented (for an ether-based electrolyte) capacity retention (>88%) after 300 cycles (∼2 months of cycling) in a 4.4 V NMC622-Li cell, and a >30% improvement in capacity retention over baseline after 50 cycles in 4.4 V NMC622-Cu “anode-free” cells. Altogether, these results provide new insight into how the bisalt effect can be leveraged for regulating the timescale, chemistry, and extent of interfacial reactions. When balanced properly, this promotes efficient plating/deplating of Li, and potentially supports widespread implementation of high nickel content NMC cell configurations with limited or no excess lithium.
Endometriosis and nuclear receptors.

Background Endometriosis is recognized as a steroid-dependent disorder; however, the precise roles of nuclear receptors (NRs) in steroid responsiveness and other signaling pathways are not well understood. Objective and rationale Over the past several years, a number of paradigm-shifting breakthroughs have occurred in the area of NRs in endometriosis. We review and clarify new information regarding the mechanisms responsible for: (i) excessive estrogen biosynthesis, (ii) estrogen-dependent inflammation, (iii) defective differentiation due to progesterone resistance and (iv) enhanced survival due to deficient retinoid production and action in endometriosis. We emphasize the roles of the relevant NRs critical for these pathological processes in endometriosis. Search methods We conducted a comprehensive search using PubMed for human, animal and cellular studies published until 2018 in the following areas: endometriosis; the steroid and orphan NRs, estrogen receptors alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2), progesterone receptor (PGR), steroidogenic factor-1 (NR5A1) and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (NR2F2); and retinoids. Outcomes Four distinct abnormalities in the intracavitary endometrium and extra-uterine endometriotic tissue underlie endometriosis progression: dysregulated differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal cells, abnormal epigenetic marks, inflammation activated by excess estrogen and the development of progesterone resistance. Endometriotic stromal cells compose the bulk of the lesions and demonstrate widespread epigenetic abnormalities. Endometriotic stromal cells also display a wide range of abnormal NR expression. The orphan NRs NR5A1 and NR2F2 compete to regulate steroid-synthesizing genes in endometriotic stromal cells; NR5A1 dominance gives rise to excessive estrogen formation. Endometriotic stromal cells show an abnormally low ESR1:ESR2 ratio due to excessive levels of ESR2, which mediates an estrogen-driven inflammatory process and prostaglandin formation. These cells are also deficient in PGR, leading to progesterone resistance and defective retinoid synthesis. The pattern of NR expression, involving low ESR1 and PGR and high ESR2, is reminiscent of uterine leiomyoma stem cells. This led us to speculate that endometriotic stromal cells may display stem cell characteristics found in other uterine tissues. The biologic consequences of these abnormalities in endometriotic tissue include intense inflammation, defective differentiation and enhanced survival. Wider implications Steroid- and other NR-related abnormalities exert genome-wide biologic effects via interaction with defective epigenetic programming and enhance inflammation in endometriotic stromal cells. New synthetic ligands, targeting PGR, retinoic acid receptors and ESR2, may offer novel treatment options.
Review: Reyner Banham and the Paradoxes of High Tech, by Todd Gannon with Reyner Banham

Todd Gannon with Reyner Banham Reyner Banham and the Paradoxes of High Tech Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2017, 254 pp., 15 color and 115 b/w illus. $49.95 (cloth), ISBN 9781606065303 With Reyner Banham's death in 1988 at age sixty-six, an iconic and complex career in twentieth-century architectural history, theory, and criticism came to an untimely end. Banham's twelve published books and more than seven hundred articles engage a wide array of fields, including pop art, automotive design, and cultural geography. His career-long emphasis on the relationship of engineering to modern architecture and his professional emergence among postwar London's artistic avant-garde made him a unique chronicler of the British high-tech movement, and of such related trends and groups as the New Brutalism and Archigram. His much-anticipated monograph on high-tech architecture, however, remained incomplete and unpublished at his death. In Reyner Banham and the Paradoxes of High Tech , Todd Gannon takes this lacuna as a point of departure. Gannon's inclusion of Banham's previously unpublished introduction is a welcome addition to the book, as are his explorations of archival material from the Getty Foundation. The gist, however, is his broader reassessment of Banham's long-term engagement with postwar British architecture, of which high tech was a peak, and its relationship to mainstream modernism and postmodernism internationally. Banham seems to be undergoing a slow transformation from major figure within and contributor to a broader field into full-fledged topic of scholarly research. Entries in the literature are numerous, while thorough treatments are few. Nigel Whiteley's 2002 biography Reyner Banham: …
Predicting Paternalism: Welfare Asset Limits And State-Level Demographic, Economic, And Political Factors

Welfare eligibility is usually determined via income and financial assets. Since devolution of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families administration in 1996, there is significant state variation in these criteria. Previous research suggests that income limits are influenced by racial politics, with more restrictive criteria associated with higher Black populations. The current study examined whether asset testing is similarly determined. Findings indicate that asset tests are positively associated with a democratic State Senate, median income, and the percentage of Black residents. The presence of advocates seeking to advance asset-building opportunities to low-income families may have influenced this divergence in income and asset testing.
The mechanisms behind the relationship between education and political tolerance

Based on the amount of confirmation that this finding has received, it is a truism to say that education promotes tolerance, whether political, racial, ethnic, religious, or tolerance of sexual min...
Update on pregnancy complications in systemic lupus erythematosus

Purpose of reviewThis review summarizes recent research in the field of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and pregnancy with focus on clinical and biochemical predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), accumulating evidence for the safety and efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in pregnancy,
“Home Is where the Heart Is?” An Invisible Minority

Where and what is home? What defines a home? The relationship of home to belongingness is tied to notions of identity and one’s perception vis-a-vis the Other. Border-crossings and migrations contribute to changes in one’s consciousness of a home, since the point of origin and/or the place of destination may or may not be home, as home may be either one place or both places at the same time, or nowhere at all. Home may also point to several “homes”. For the Nisei, notions of home are shaped by socio-cultural and historical contexts, as well as emotional ties to family and kin. However, in some cases, the homeland may not be as welcoming to the return migrant, and home becomes an unfamiliar place.
Impact of scoliosis surgery on pulmonary function in patients with muscular dystrophies and spinal muscular atrophy

Background Scoliosis is a common complication of severe neuromuscular diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of posterior spinal fusion on pulmonary function parameters in patients with severe neuromuscular disease at our medical center. Methods Retrospective chart review of all patients with severe neuromuscular disease who had posterior spinal fusion between 2012 and 2017 at Texas Children's Hospital. Patients with growing rods, brain injury or malformation, and/or spina bifida were excluded. Pulmonary function measures before and after spinal surgery were determined. Results A total of 20 eligible patients were identified, 7 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 6 with spinal muscular atrophy, 3 with merosin deficient muscular dystrophy, 2 with Charcot-Marie-Tooth, 1 with central core disease, and 1 with dystroglycanopathy. The mean change in vital capacity from pre- to postspine surgery was a loss of 0.63 L for the spinal muscular atrophy patients, a loss of 0.36 L for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, and a gain of 0.23 L for the merosin deficient patients. The difference between spinal muscular atrophy and merosin deficient patients was statistically significant (P = .02) CONCLUSION: In this single-center retrospective study, we found that after spine surgery for scoliosis, all patients with spinal muscular atrophy and most patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy lost vital capacity, while the patients with merosin deficient muscular dystrophy gained vital capacity. These differences were not associated with differences is respiratory strength, body mass index, or surgical outcomes.
Optimal Adaptive Coordinated Cyber-Attacks on Power Grids using ∊-Greedy Method

The future power grid is supported by Information and Communication Technology, which also exposes it to cyber-attacks. In particular, Coordinated Cyber-Attacks (CCAs) are highly threatening and difficult to defend against. In this paper, we propose a stochastic game model to capture the interaction between attackers and the grid operator. In particular, we consider the most vicious CCAs, which intend to cause cascading power blackouts, through a non-cooperative zero-sum game. The CCA attack vector is derived with the Multi-Armed Bandit E-Greedy method. Distinct from few existing studies on CCAs, the attack model is more realistic in twofold: (i) it does not assume attackers with prior knowledge of the power grid, and (ii) attackers could adapt their strategies in response to defense actions. The result of this paper provides important implications in defense resource allocation and cybersecurity infrastructure reinforcement in the power grid. The proposed model and the attack vector is validated using the New England 39 bus power system model.
Periodic movements of Greenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoides in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands

Abstract Understanding movement patterns of fish provides a context for making sound management decisions related to these populations; archival tags can provide this information. To better understand the depth-specific behavior of Greenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoides in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region, 297 temperature and depth recorders (archival tags) were implanted in fish between 2003 and 2011; 22 tags were subsequently recovered (18 with usable data). Tagged fish were at liberty from 19 to 1859 days, traveled straight line distances from 7.8–513.3 km, experienced mean temperatures from 3.23 to 3.70 °C, and occupied mean depths ranging from 448 to 753 m. Tagged Greenland turbot occupied their maximal depths during January and February, and their shallowest depths from July to September. Six tagged fish that were at liberty more than two years exhibited annual periodicity in depths occupied. Diel vertical migration (DVM, or 24 -h periodicity) was identified for 17 of 18 tagged Greenland turbot, ranging from 4.16 %–60.12 % of an individual fish’s time-at-liberty. Activity levels (average rate of depth change and daily depth displacement) were relatively low in the summer and fall and highest in the winter. Four tagged females and no males occupied depths and temperatures consistent with the cold pool (
Intensive upper extremity training improved whole body movement control for children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy

Abstract Background Children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP) exhibit impaired bimanual coordination, gait control, and whole body movement control. Intensive upper extremity training has been found to be effective for improving upper extremity function. However, the effectiveness of the intensive upper extremity training on whole body movement control is not known. Research question The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy (HABIT) on bimanual coordination and gait control during a complex whole body task. Methods Sixteen children with congenital hemiplegia (age 6–12 years; GMFCS: I-II, MACS: I-II) were randomly assigned to either CIMT or HABIT for 6 h per day training for 15 days. Children were asked to perform two whole body tasks (walking with and without a tray carrying) while 3-D kinematic analysis was performed before and after training. Results After training, the HABIT group increased the symmetry in height of their hands during tray carrying (more leveled tray). Both CIMT and HABIT groups decreased the lateral motion of the tray. The CIMT group increased speed and stride length after training in both the walking and tray carrying tasks. Both groups also increased their minimum toe clearance (all p Significance Two types of intensive upper extremity training have provided significant improvements to whole body movement control for children with USCP. Adhering to the specificity of practice concept, HABIT improved bimanual coordination after training during the whole body tray carrying tasks. Given extensive interactions between the upper and lower extremities in real-world activities, future studies should focus on the effects of such combined training.
Timed artificial insemination strategies with or without short-term natural service and pregnancy success in beef heifers.

Abstract Objective was to compare estrous response, and first service and breeding season pregnancy rates in Angus cross beef heifers that received four progesterone (CIDR, vaginal insert) -based estrous-synchronization treatment regimens for timed artificial insemination (TAI) with or without short-term natural service (NS). Heifers (n = 1744; 4 locations) were assigned a reproductive tract score (RTS: 1 = immature, acyclic to 5 = mature, cyclic), body condition score (BCS: 1 = emaciated to 9 = obese) and temperament score (0 = calm to 1 = excitable). Within location, heifers were assigned to either of four treatment regimens. Heifers in Select-Synch + CIDR (C) + short-term NS (SSC + NS) treatment (n = 438) received 100 μg GnRH im + CIDR on Day −7 and CIDR removal + 25 mg PGF2α (im) + estrus-detection patches in the morning of Day 0 and were subjected to NS (bull to heifer ratio, 1:25) from the morning of Day 2 (48 h from CIDR removal) to evening of Day 8. Heifers in CO-Synch + C (COSC) +TAI + NS treatment (n = 433) received 100 μg GnRH + CIDR on Day −7 and CIDR removal + 25 mg PGF2α im + estrus-detection patches in the morning of Day 0 + 100 μg GnRH im + TAI on Day 2, 60 h from CIDR removal, and were subjected to natural service (bull: heifer, 1:25) from the evening of Day 2 immediately after AI through Day 8. Heifers in COSC + TAI treatment (n = 443) received 100 μg GnRH + CIDR on Day −7 and CIDR removal + 25 mg PGF2α im + estrus-detection patches in the morning of Day 0 + 100 μg GnRH im + TAI on Day 2, 60 h from CIDR removal. Heifers in SSC + split time AI (STAI) treatment (n = 430) received 100 μg GnRH + CIDR on Day −7 and CIDR removal + 25 mg PGF2α im + estrus-detection patches in the morning of Day 0. Heifers determined to be in estrus were inseminated at 64 h after PGF2α (25 mg, im) administration and non-estrous heifers determined to be in estrus 20 h later (at 84 h) were inseminated at that time, whereas remaining non-estrous heifers at 84 h received GnRH (100 μg) and were inseminated concomitantly. In SSC + NS and COSC + TAI + NS treatments, natural service bulls were removed and reintroduced (@ bull: heifer, 1:40) on Day 22 and kept until Day 63. In COSC + TAI and SSC + STAI bulls (bull: heifer, 1:40) were introduced on Day 14 and retained until Day 63. All heifers, irrespective of treatment regimens, were observed for estrus three times a day from Day 2 through Day 8. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on Day 93, 30 days from end of breeding season. Accounting for temperament (P
Musical-aesthetic education in an adolescent psychiatric ward: A case study

This paper presents a musical-aesthetic educational project which combined the piano piece Faschingsschwank aus Wien by Robert Schumann and improvisations of adolescent patients in a psychiatric ward. The patients explored both musical and non-musical material, such as pictures and masks. They could bring in their own ideas, not only in designing the masks and in the improvisation, but also in the development of the choreography. At the end of the project, the results were presented in a final performance. As part of the project, interviews with participants and hospital staff were conducted and qualitatively analysed. The participants clearly expressed a changed perception of themselves. These transformations can be interpreted as indicators of musical-aesthetic educational processes. This case study constitutes a contribution to music education research in hospitals and may even encourage the implementation of similar educational offers in hospitals in the future.