cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial Separation of Photochemical Oxidation and Reduction Reactions on the Surface of Ferroelectric BaTiO3

When BaTiO3 is illuminated by ultraviolet light in aqueous solutions containing dissolved Pb2+ or Ag+ cations, photochemical reaction products are deposited on the surface in patterns that correspond to the underlying ferroelectric domain structure. On the basis of an analysis of the domain polarization, oxidized Pb and reduced Ag accumulate on the surfaces of domains with opposite polarization. When the domain dipole has its negative end directed toward the surface, Pb is oxidized, and when the dipole is reversed, Ag is reduced. On the basis of these observations, we propose that the static dipolar fields in the different domains separate photogenerated charge carries. In those domains where photogenerated holes are driven to the solid−liquid interface, oxidation is preferred. In oppositely oriented domains, where the field drives photogenerated electrons to the surface, the reduction reaction is preferred. Thus, the separation of charge carriers in the ferroelectric domains creates patterns of oxidized ...
Phenotype of low proliferative potential is dominant in hybrids of normal human fibroblasts

A biochemical selection system was used to isolate hybrids after fusion of human diploid fibroblast clones of varying proliferative potential. The distribution of proliferative potentials of the hybrids resembled that of the parent with smaller proliferative potential. Therefore, the phenotype of limited division was dominant in hybrids. This dominance was associated with cells that could achieve seven or less divisions present in the parent populations. Terminally nondividing cells present in clones near the end of their proliferative potential differed from those present in clones that had ceased division (senescent), in that a higher percentage could be induced to divide at least once following fusion with a cell capable of division.
Magnetic booster target low velocity high yield impact fusion

A two stage impact fusion concept is proposed. In it the first booster stage is a magnetized low density DT target driven by a projectile accelerated up to ∼ 20 km/sec. The thermonuclear energy released in the booster stage is here used to drive a second stage high density target by ablative implosion, resulting in the release of large quantities of thermonuclear energy. The proposed novel concept has the potential of a near-term low-cost driver for an inertial confinement fusion reactor.
Replicator dynamics in a Cobweb model with rationally heterogeneous expectations

Abstract This paper extends the adaptively rational equilibrium dynamics of Brock and Hommes [Brock, W.A., Hommes, C.H., 1997. A rational route to randomness. Econometrica 65, 1059–1160] by introducing a generalized version of the replicator dynamic. The replicator equilibrium dynamics (RED) couples the price dynamics of a Cobweb model with predictor selection governed by an evolutionary replicator dynamic. We show that the RED supports the conclusion of Sethi and Franke [Sethi, R., Franke, R., 1995. Behavioural heterogeneity under evolutionary pressure: macroeconomic implications of costly optimisation. The Economic Journal, 105, 583–600] that costly rational beliefs persist, though unlike them, these results obtain in the deterministic case. Numerical evidence shows that complex dynamics exist, as in Brock and Hommes, even though no weight is placed on strictly dominated predictors in an RED steady-state.
The role of crystal orientation and surface proximity in the self-similar behavior of deformed Cu single crystals

Abstract We report on novel 3D spatially resolved X-ray diffraction microscopy studies of self-affine behavior in deformed single crystals. This study extends surface profile measurements of self-affined morphology changes in single crystals during deformation to include local lattice rotations and sub-surface behavior. Investigations were made on the spatial correlation of the local lattice rotations in 8% tensile deformed Cu single crystals oriented with [1 2 3], [1 1 1] and [0 0 1] axes parallel to the tensile axis. The nondestructive depth-resolved measurements were made over a length scale of one to hundreds of micrometers. Self-affined correlation was found both at the surface and below the surface of the samples. A universal exponent for the power-law similar to that observed with surface profile methods is found at the surface of all samples but crystallographically sensitive changes are observed as a function of depth. Correlation lengths of the self-affine behavior vary with the [1 2 3] crystal exhibiting the longest self-affine length scale of 70 μ m with only 18 μ m for the [1 1 1] and [0 0 1] crystals. These measurements illuminate the transition from surface-like to bulk-like deformation behavior and provide new quantitative information to guide emerging models of self-organized structures in plasticity.
Vitreoretinal presentation of secondary large B-cell lymphoma in patients with systemic lymphoma.

Importance Intraocular lymphomas represent a diverse group of hematologic malignant neoplasms involving different tissues within the eye. Predominant involvement of the retina and vitreous without uveal infiltration in systemic lymphoma, mimicking a primary vitreoretinal lymphoma, is extremely rare. Our study emphasizes the importance of systemic evaluation in addition to central nervous system evaluation in all patients with newly diagnosed vitreoretinal lymphoma. Objective To determine the incidence of secondary intraocular lymphoma presenting as vitreoretinal infiltrates without central nervous system involvement, mimicking primary vitreoretinal lymphoma in patients with systemic lymphoma. Design Retrospective review of all vitreous aspiration biopsy samples acquired because malignant neoplasm was suspected clinically that were obtained at our institution from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2010. Review included patient clinical history, radiographic study findings, cytologic and/or histologic preparations, immunophenotypic study findings, treatment, and outcomes. Setting Mayo Clinic pathology database. Participants Fifty-five patients with vitreous specimens available for review. Exposures Vitreous aspiration biopsy. Main Outcome and Measure Confirmation of the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Results Of the 55 patients with vitreous specimens available for review, 3 (5%) had a DLBCL infiltration in the vitreous without any central nervous system involvement as a manifestation of systemic lymphoma. All 3 patients were men, aged 54, 66, and 73 years, and had blurred vision and floaters for several weeks before undergoing diagnostic vitrectomy. Ophthalmic examinations revealed clumps of vitreous cells but no choroidal involvement. One patient had no history of lymphoma; the diagnosis of vitreoretinal lymphoma was followed by DLBCL after a lymph node biopsy. The other 2 patients had low-grade B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia for 29 and 7 months before large-cell transformation in the eye. Patients were treated with systemic chemotherapy plus intraocular injections of rituximab or methotrexate sodium. Conclusions and Relevance Vitreoretinal symptoms of DLBCL in patients with systemic lymphoma may be more frequent than previously thought (5% in our study). Not all lymphomas with vitreoretinal involvement represent primary intraocular lymphomas; thorough ophthalmologic evaluation in patients with visual symptoms and complete staging in patients with documented ocular lymphoma are of utmost importance.
Differentiation of LA-N-5 neuroblastoma cells into cholinergic neurons: methods for differentiation, immunohistochemistry and reporter gene introduction

The use of model systems derived from cell lines has been a valuable tool in understanding the molecules and cellular processes that govern differentiation processes (T.R. Breitman, S.E. Selonick, S.J. Collins, Induction of differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) by retinoic acid, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77 (1980) 2936-2940 [2]; N. Gomez, S. Traverse, P. Cohen, Identification of a MAP kinase in phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells, FEBS Lett. 314 (1992) 461-465 [4]). The use of such systems provides an inexpensive, quick and simple way to identify and test molecules that can be further studied in more complex in vivo experiments. Some cell lines such as embryonic stem cells can be induced to differentiate in vitro, however, the differentiation is difficult to control and most often leads to the generation of a wide variety of cell types. Cell lines derived from sources committed to a restricted cell fate provide an opportunity to examine cell growth and differentiation within a specific cell type (G.M. Keller, In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7 (1995) 862-869 [10]). In this article we describe a simple system for the differentiation of the human neuroblastoma cell line LA-N-5 into cholinergic neurons using all-trans retinoic acid (G. Han, B. Chang, M.J. Connor, N. Sidell, Enhanced potency of 9-cis versus all-trans retinoic acid to induce the differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells, Differentiation, 59 (1995) 61-69 [5]; D.P. Hill, K.R. Robertson, Characterization of the cholinergic neuronal differentiation of the human neuroblastoma cell line LA-N-5 after treatment with retinoic acid, Dev. Brain Res. 102 (1997) 53-67 [6]; J.A. Robson, N. Sidell, Ultrastructural features of a human neuroblastoma cell line treated with retinoic acid, Neuroscience 14 (1985) 1149-1162 [12]; N. Sidell, C.A. Lucas, G.W. Kreutzberg, Regulation of acetylcholinesterase activity by retinoic acid in a human neuroblastoma cell line, Exp. Cell Res. 155 (1984) 305-309 [14]). These cells provide a setting for the study of cholinergic neuronal differentiation and of the factors that influence that process. We also discuss procedures that can be used to study gene expression in LA-N-5 cells by immunohistochemistry and reporter gene analysis.
Progressive Congenital Valvular Aortic Stenosis

Repeat cardiac catheterization in a 12-year-old boy (previously shown to have mild valvular aortic stenosis at five years of age) revealed development of severe stenosis, thus reaffirming the need for careful follow-up studies in patients with mild congenital valvular aortic stenosis.
Slow oscillations in an ocean of varying depth Part 1. Abrupt topography

This paper is part of a study of quasigeostrophic waves, which depend on the topography of the ocean floor and the curvature of the earth.In a homogeneous, β-plane ocean, motion of the fluid across contours of constant f/h releases relative vorticity (f is the Coriolis parameter and h the depth). This well-known effect provides a restoring tendency for either Rossby waves (with h constant) or topographic waves over a slope. The long waves in general obey an elliptic partial differential equation in two space variables. Because the equation has been integrated in the vertical direction, the exact inviscid bottom boundary condition appears in variable coefficients.When the depth varies in only one direction the equation is separable at the lowest order in ω, the frequency upon f. With a simple slope, |[xdtri ]h/h| = constant, the transition from Rossby to topographic waves occurs at |[xdtri ]h| ∼ h/Re, where Re is the radius of the earth. Isolated topographic features are considered in §2. It is found that a step of fractional height δ on an otherwise flat ocean floor reflects the majority of incident Rossby waves when δ > 2ω. In the ocean ω is usually small, due to continental barriers, so even slight depth variations are important. A narrow ridge does not act as a great obstruction but calculations show, for example, that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is broad enough to reflect all but the lowest mode Rossby waves in the North Atlantic.Besides isolating oceanic plains from one another, steps and ridges support trapped topographic waves of greatest frequency ∼ δ/2, analogous to the potential well solutions in quantum mechanics. These waves cannot carry energy along abrupt topography, but they disperse more rapidly over broader slopes; the phase and group speeds may be hundreds of cm/sec. The continentalshelf waves found by Robinson are an example of the latter case. There are many such wave guides, where the f/h contours are crowded, in the deep ocean.The theory suggests that measurement of Rossby waves will rarely be possible at the coast of a continent.
EGF regulates survivin stability through the Raf-1/ERK pathway in insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells

Background Postnatal expansion of the pancreatic β-cell mass is required to maintain glucose homeostasis immediately after birth. This β-cell expansion is regulated by multiple growth factors, including glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). These mitogens signal through several downstream pathways (AKT, ERK, STAT3, and JNK) to regulate the survival and proliferation of β-cells. Survivin, an oncofetal protein with both pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic properties, is a known transcriptional target of both IGF-1 and EGF in cancer cells. Here, we analyzed the effects of the β-cell mitogens IGF-1 and EGF on survivin regulation in the established pancreatic β-cell model cell lines, MIN6 and INS-1 and in primary mouse islets.
Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate in the Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Duodenal Ulcer

OBJECTIVE:To review the clinical pharmacology of ranitidine bismuth citrate in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (HP) Infection and Duodenal Ulcer.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature from 1992 to January 1997 was conducted using the key terms Tritec, ranitidine, and bismuth. References of articles pertaining to treatment of duodenal ulcer or HP were extensively searched for relevant sources.DATA EXTRACTION:All articles pertaining to ranitidine bismuth citrate were considered for inclusion, with emphasis placed on randomized, double-blind trials. Priority was placed on data pertaining to regimens that are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of duodenal ulcer in conjunction with HP.DATA SYNTHESIS:Each tablet of ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg contains 162 mg of ranitidine base, 128 mg of trivalent bismuth, and 110 mg of citrate. It uses the acid-suppressive actions of ranitidine and the antimicrobial and mucosal protective effects of bis...
INHIBITION OF POLYGALACTURONASE SOFTENING OF CUCUMBER PICKLES BY CALCIUM CHLORIDE

Cucumbers were fermented and held for 30 days in equilibrated solutions containing low NaCl (11—13° salometer) and high NaCl (18.5-20.57deg; salometer) with and without CaCl2 and/or polygalacturonase (PG). CaCl2 and PG treatments did not interfere with fermentation. Separately, CaCl2 enhanced firmness of pickles while PG was effective in causing excessive softening. When CaCl2 was present in PG containing solutions, softening by PG was inhibited.
The MGAP's programming environment and the *C++ language

The MGAP is a special-purpose, workstation co-processor board in which the computing elements are fine grain processors implemented as custom ASICs. In this paper we present the language *CC++, used for programming on the MGAP. Using the class concept of C++ we create special parallel data-types like bit, digit, word and array and overload operators to manipulate the parallel data required by the MGAP. The hierarchical relationships among the data-types are used by the compiler to generate parallel code for the MGAP. We demonstrate that by using the same high-level language and the same program we can operate on data at all levels of granularity, from bits to arrays, without any loss in performance.
The Different Characteristics of Aquifer Parameters and Their Implications on Pumping‐Test Analysis

The concepts of two-way coordinates and one-way coordinates are used to describe the different characteristics of two key aquifer parameters, transmissivity and storativity, under constant-rate pumping conditions. A two-way coordinate is such that the conditions at a given location are influenced by changes in conditions on either side of that location; a one-way coordinate is such that the conditions at a given location are influenced by changes in conditions on only one side of that location. Results from sensitivity analysis indicate that storativity has the characteristics of two-way coordinates, but transmissivity has the characteris­ tics of one-way coordinates, i.e., its information can be transferred mainly from upstream to downstream. An upstream observation well can produce information on storativity both upstream and downstream, but it can produce little information on transmissivity downstream. These characteristics ofthe aquifer parameters have important implications on pumping-test designs and interpretation. For example, to estimate the parameters of an anomalous zone in an aquifer, an observation. well should be located downstream but near the zone. It should not be placed upstream ifthe parameters downstream are to be estimated. An observation well which can provide adequate information for estimating storativity may not provide adequate information for estimating transmissivity, and vice versa. The aquifer area represented by estimated storativity may be different from that represented by estimated transmissivity.
Initiation problems and time structuring in brief sex therapy

Abstract The paradox of “spontaneous work” appears to be basic to therapeutic intervention in many sexual problems. One area where the paradox of spontaneity and effort is especially acute is that of initiating sexual activity. Numerous couples have initiation problems, whether or not a specific sexual dysfunction also exists. This paper explores the dynamics of initiation difficulties and elaborates a treatment technique that is already part of most approaches to brief sex therapy: time structuring, or scheduling of sexual homework sessions, in such a way as to relieve the anxiety associated with beginning sexual contact.
Natural orifice versus conventional laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in a porcine model: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) research has primarily involved case series reports of low-risk procedures. Distal pancreatectomy has significant postoperative morbidity and would permit rigorous examination in a controlled trial setting. Objective To compare endoscopic transgastric distal pancreatectomy (ETDP) and laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP). Design Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Setting Academic hospital. Subjects Forty-one swine, 28 block randomized. Interventions LDP was performed with 3 trocars and stapled transection of the pancreas. ETDP was performed via a gastrotomy, with 1 trocar for visualization, by using endoloop placement, snare transection, and purse-string gastrotomy closure. Main Outcome Measurements Clinical examination, CT, serum chemistries, necropsy, peritoneal fluid analysis, and histologic examination. Results Swine were survived for 8 days. The procedure time for ETDP was significantly greater than for LDP (1:52 vs 0:33 [hours:minutes]; P = .00). Pancreatic specimen weight was similar (4.1 g vs 5.5 g; P = .108). Postoperatively, 26 of 28 animals thrived. In the LDP group, 1 death caused by pancreatic leak and renal failure occurred on day 1. In the ETDP group, 1 death caused by pneumothorax occurred intraoperatively. The necropsy, CT, and histologic examinations revealed focal resection-margin necrosis in 3 to 7 swine in the ETDP group with no proximal necrosis or pancreatitis. The groups were equivalent clinically, by survival, and by serum and peritoneal fluid analysis. The gastrotomy closure was associated with small serosal adhesions, but no gross abscess or necrosis. Limitation Animal study. Conclusions In the largest controlled trial of NOTES orifice surgery to date, there was no clinical or survival difference between NOTES and laparoscopic approaches.
Analysis of a generalized coding/decoding method using FIR digital filters for radar waveform design

Previous results dealing with radar systems utilizing complementary coded pulse compression waveforms are extended. The objective is to show how the generation and compression of such codes can be based on a specific single-input/multiple-output FIR (finite-impulsive-response) digital filter structure. Driving this filter with a unit pulse yields all members of a complementary code set sequence simultaneously. A decoder is then derived as an FIR digital filter and is matched to the coder filter. The significance of this technique lies in the relative ease with which the decoder structure may be identified for an arbitrary coder structure. Structures are presented for complementary code pairs and sets, as well as for generalized codes. Use of these structures leads to decoding algorithms with reduced computational requirements. The author presents an example that shows how calculations on the order of M/sup 2/ may be reduced to on the order of M log/sub 2/M. >
Comprehensive left atrial appendage optimization of thrombus using surface echocardiography: the CLOTS multicenter pilot trial.

Background The aim of this study was to determine the ability to identify thrombus within the left atrial appendage (LAA) in the setting of atrial fibrillation (AF) using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). In AF, the structure and function of the LAA has historically been evaluated using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The role of TTE remains undefined. Methods The Comprehensive Left Atrial Appendage Optimization of Thrombus (CLOTS) multicenter study enrolled 118 patients (85 men; mean age, 67 ± 13 years) with AF of >2 days in duration undergoing clinically indicated TEE. On TEE, the LAA was evaluated for mild spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), severe SEC, sludge, or thrombus. Doppler Tissue imaging (DTI) peak S-wave and E-wave velocities of the LAA walls (anterior, posterior, and apical) were acquired on TTE. Transthoracic echocardiographic harmonic imaging (with and without intravenous contrast) was examined to determine its ability to identify LAA SEC, sludge, or thrombus. Results Among the 118 patients, TEE identified 6 (5%) with LAA sludge and 2 (2%) with LAA thrombi. Both LAA thrombi were identified on TTE using harmonic imaging with contrast. Anterior, posterior, and apical LAA wall DTI velocities on TTE varied significantly among the 3 groups examined (no SEC, mild SEC, severe SEC, sludge or thrombus). An apical E velocity ≤ 9.7 cm/s on TTE best identified the group of patients with severe SEC, sludge, or thrombus. An anterior S velocity ≤ 5.2 cm/s on TTE best identified the group of patients with sludge or thrombus. Conclusions The CLOTS multicenter pilot trial determined that TTE is useful in the detection of thrombus using harmonic imaging combined with intravenous contrast (Optison; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI). Additionally, LAA wall DTI velocities on TTE are useful in determining the severity of LAA SEC and detecting sludge or thrombus.
Kinetic Behavior of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Signal I. II Comparison of Wild Type and Mutant (ac-206) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) characteristics of wild type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are compared with those of a mutant strain (ac-206) which lacks cytochrome 553. The steady-state signals I and II are similar but differ in their responses to light of long and short wavelengths, reflecting the fact that the electron transport chain linking photosystems I and II is interrupted. The kinetic behavior of signal I is simpler in the mutant, which lacks induction effects prominent in the wild type. The decay of the signal when light ceases is not dependent on the length or intensity of illumination in the mutant, whereas it is in the wild type. These data can be interpreted in terms of signal I being a reflection of cyclic flow in a pathway which does not involve cytochrome 553 in the mutant, whereas in the wild type there is also a contribution of electrons from photosystem II.
The ASTRAL compendium for protein structure and sequence analysis

The ASTRAL compendium provides several databases and tools to aid in the analysis of protein structures, particularly through the use of their sequences. The SPACI scores included in the system summarize the overall characteristics of a protein structure. A structural alignments database indicates residue equivalencies in superimposed protein domain structures. The PDB sequence-map files provide a linkage between the amino acid sequence of the molecule studied (SEQRES records in a database entry) and the sequence of the atoms experimentally observed in the structure (ATOM records). These maps are combined with information in the SCOP database to provide sequences of protein domains. Selected subsets of the domain database, with varying degrees of similarity measured in several different ways, are also available. ASTRAL may be accessed at http://astral.stanford.edu/
Quantitation of valvular insufficiency by computerized radionuclide angiocardiography

Abstract Linear differential equation techniques for modeling tracer dynamics that assume constant flow rates and fixed chamber volumes are not totally suitable for describing the pulsatile conditions of cardiac tracer dynamics. In this paper, z-transformation methods for solving finite difference equations have resulted in a set of solutions for a pulsatile flow model of the atrial-ventricular-arterial system that accurately describes the cardiac dynamics associated with valvular insufficiency. This model can be applied to data extracted from radionuclide angiocardiographic studies on patients with mitral or aortic insufficiency as well as tricuspid or pulmonary insufficiency. Application of the model requires that the proximal atrium be labeled by a discrete bolus injection of radionuclide. Rapid sequential scintigraphic images are then recorded by an Anger camera-computer system, and the time-activity curves extracted from the resulting dynamic data are representative of the activity in the atrium and ventricle as functions of time. Determination of at most four parameters from this pair of curves then permits quantitation of total, forward and regurgitant ejection fractions and regurgitant fractions. In addition, end-diastolic and end-systolic cardiac chamber volumes can be computed from forward stroke volume. These quantities, determined by radionuclide angiocardiographic methods in 12 patients with mitral or aortic insufficiency, are compared with results from conventional contrast angiographic studies.
Theoretical methods for the determination of mixing

Acceleration-driven fluid mixing is studied here from a theoretical point of view. Considerable progress has been achieved in the understanding of mix. Theories of the authors are reviewed that allow prediction of the edge of the mixing zone, in agreement with experimental data. Theories that describe the distribution of masses within the mixing region are also reviewed. The theory we present describes a chunk mix regime, in which two phases are mixed at a chunk level, but for which there is no atomic mixing. Thus the two phases are segregated into disjoint regions of space.
Prayer and health outcomes in church lay leaders.

This study examined the relationship of frequency of prayer on health outcomes in a national sample of 1,014 church lay leaders. The survey included questions on the frequency of prayer and the Medical Outcomes Study, Short Form 36 Health Survey, measuring eight categories of functional health. The results indicated a high level of functioning overall. Age was strongly related to most aspects of health in this sample. Frequent prayer was associated with poor physical functioning and poor ability to carry out role activities, but these relationships were not significant when the effect of age and gender was controlled. Frequent prayer was also significantly associated with high mental health scores, regardless of age or gender. This study supports the growing body of data suggesting a positive relationship between frequency of spiritual practices and mental health, even in a homogenous sample of active church members.
O-008 Initial experience with augmented cerebral perfusion in acute ischemic stroke

Partial aortic occlusion in pre-clinical research has shown a 30% increase in cerebral perfusion with minimal increase in central blood pressure. Treatment involves placement of a catheter (NeuroFloTM, CoAxia) in the descending aorta, sequential inflation of two independently controlled balloons in the infra- and supra-renal positions, each to 70% luminal occlusion, for 45 min. The proposed mechanism of action involves cerebral collateral recruitment and salvage of penumbral tissue. Within the multi-center randomized SENTIS trial, this technique was applied at our institutions to 23 consecutive acute ischemic strokes up to 14 h from onset that were not eligible for IV tPA or intravascular recanalization. Patients underwent baseline and treatment perfusion imaging and were followed for 90 day neurological and functional outcome results. The 23 patients averaged 9.2 h to randomization with an average NIHSS=10.7 of 10 treated patients (70%) achieved a 90 day mRS 0-2 vs 4 of 13 untreated patients (31%). 4 out of 5 treated patients with non-zero mismatch on baseline perfusion scans showed significant reduction in mismatch volume after treatment. Possible differences explaining the significantly greater success in our patients from the general SENTIS trial were our institution9s inclusion criteria of the lack of CBV lesions (completed strokes) or first order CTA occlusions. We found augmented cerebral perfusion in acute ischemic stroke with the NeuroFlo catheter to be easy, safe and effective in our subset of patients.
Performance of a XENIX distributed file system

The results of a series of experiments designed to measure the performance of Intel's distributed file system for an Ethernet local area network are summarized. The file system allows processes to access files stored on any node of the network, provided the process has the appropriate access permission. From informal observations, the authors theorized that system performance declined significantly as the ratio of remote to local file accesses increased. Experiments were conducted which measured system performance under various loads and ratios of remote to local accesses. Tests showed that on lightly loaded systems, remote files could be accessed with a limited loss in performance. On heavily loaded systems, however, remote file access seriously degraded system performance. >
Chicken anemia virus

Chicken anemia virus is commonly found in commercially produced chickens and has a worldwide distribution. It is difficult to inactivate thermally or with common disinfectants, which limits the utility of normal sanitization practices. The virus is important because of the disease it produces following transovarian transmission and because of its potential for inducing immunosuppression alone or in combination with other infectious agents. Control measures are directed at limiting vertical transmission and preventing coinfections with other lymphocidal agents.
Fiber-reinforced conjugated polymer torsional actuator and its nonlinear elasticity modeling

Reported conjugated polymer actuators have typically been limited to bender or linear extender configurations. In this paper, we present a fiber-reinforced conjugated polymer actuator capable of torsional motion. By incorporating platinum fibers into the material matrix during the electrochemical fabrication process, we create anisotropy in the interaction between the fiber and the material matrix, resulting in torsion and other associated deformations upon actuation. A nonlinear elasticity-based model is utilized to capture the actuator performance for both small and large deformations. The effectiveness of the model is verified through comparison with experimental results.
NONPARAMETRIC-TESTS FOR SCALE SHIFT AT AN UNKNOWN TIME POINT

A class of linear rank tests is suggested for testing a shift in scale at an unknown time point in a sequence of independent observations. The tests,based on inverse normal scores and on ordered exponential scores,are shown to be asymptotically as efficient as their distribution-oriented competitors. Critical values and powers for these two rank tests are also discussed.
The Standard Theory

Action, as Weber long ago pointed out, is meaningful, and it is meaningful in a special way. Behavior may, of course, “mean” in the sense that lightning means thunder or that smoke means fire. Trembling hands, in certain contexts, “mean” fear, narrowed eyes mean suspicion, and dilated pupils may mean that their owner is on heroin. In all these cases, although the behavior has meaning, nothing is meant by it. Action, as opposed to mere behavior, is distinctive in that it points to underlying intentions and motivations, and these implicit mental states are often more socially consequential than the physical behavior itself. It is not simply to behavior that we react in social interaction, but to action, that is, to behavior-as-intended-and-motivated. We speak of behavior as intentional when it is supposed that (1) the actor has conceived his act in advance; (2) he has a choice in whether or not to commit the act, an assumption implying that the act is under his control in the sense that, on further deliberation or on the receipt of new information, he may “change his mind”; and (3) he has chosen to commit the act.* Motivation refers to the basis on which the choice was made, that is, the personal interests that the act is conceived to advance. (These definitions will serve our present purposes. A more elaborate discussion will be postponed until Chapter 4.) It is only at the intentional-motivational level that the social world takes on a moral dimension. Intention and motivation provide the rationale for holding persons morally responsible for their actions.
Analysis of Transportation Planning Education

Transportation planning is relatively new and rapidly changing and as the discipline is being continually reevaluated so has the education of transportation planners been affected. The role of education in transportation planning is to develop an awareness of the issues and the environment within which the planner operates; a grasp of the conceptual and quantitative tools that are available; and how they can be brought to bear as part of the evaluation process. Transportation planning education is changing in several ways: (1) the emphasis on a multi-mode framework for examining alternatives; (2) the analysis of transportation systems performance as an integrated process referred to as systems engineering; (3) the emphasis on mathematical modeling and computer analysis which has radically improved the planner’s ability to consider a wide range of options; (4) the evaluation of transportation system alternatives and the related subject of demand estimation is viewed in broad terms; and, (5) the broadening of transportation planning education to encompass a mix of disciplines. The creation of university transportation institutes represents a response to the interdisciplinary nature of transportation problems.
Influence Of Microgravity On Left Ventricular Sphericity: A Finite Element Model Of The Heart

There is concern regarding the effects of microgravity exposure on cardiac function and loss of ventricular mass in astronauts. By Laplace’s law, the geometry of the ventricle is important in determining segmental wall stress and can induce alterations in myocardial mass. If microgravity exposure results in a variation in the ventricular radius of curvature, then we might also expect some cardiac remodeling during extended spaceflights. This study analyzes the theoretical impact of microgravity on changes in the geometric conformation of a finite element mesh model (FEM) created from the 3-dimensional geometry of the human left ventricle (LV) and attributed with material properties consistent with myocardial tissue. The Geometric Aspect Ratios (GAR, length to width quotient) of the LV were calculated and compared during simulations of the upright anatomic diastolic position in Earth’s gravity and in microgravity. The theoretical application of microgravity to the FEM model of the heart resulted in a 3.65% lower GAR of the LV as compared to that calculated for Earth’s gravity. This finding suggests that microgravity exposure could potentially result in changes in ventricular sphericity and radius of curvature and thereby alter the segmental myocardial wall stress.
Effects of compounds which inhibit antigenic release of histamine and phagocytic release of lysosomal enzyme on glucose utilization by leukocytes in humans.

SummaryAntigenic release of histamine from leukocytes of hypersensitive persons is not accompanied by release of the lysosomal enzyme, β-glucuronidase. Likewise, histamine is not released during phagocytic release of β-glucuronidase. Both processes are inhibited by dibutyryl cyclic 3′, 5′-adenosine monophosphate, theophylline, nicotinamide, and ethanol. These four compounds were found to also suppress utilization of glucose by leukocytes from humans, the concentrations and rank order of potency required being the same magnitude as inhibited release of histamine. Considerations pertinent to determination of mechanisms which could account for the effects of these compounds are discussed.The skillful and diligent technical assistance of Misses Janet Strollo, Bonnie Boilini and Kathryn Krakauer are gratefully acknowledged.
The Six Sad Questions

Through a series of reference questions, a university law librarian helps a retired professor to reclaim credit for his misappropriated scholarly work.
Intermittent hypoxia training protects cerebrovascular function in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of death and disability among older adults. Modifiable vascular risk factors for AD (VRF) include obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, and metabolic syndrome. Here, interactions between cerebrovascular function and development of AD are reviewed, as are interventions to improve cerebral blood flow and reduce VRF. Atherosclerosis and small vessel cerebral disease impair metabolic regulation of cerebral blood flow and, along with microvascular rarefaction and altered trans-capillary exchange, create conditions favoring AD development. Although currently there are no definitive therapies for treatment or prevention of AD, reduction of VRFs lowers the risk for cognitive decline. There is increasing evidence that brief repeated exposures to moderate hypoxia, i.e. intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), improve cerebral vascular function and reduce VRFs including systemic hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and mental stress. In experimental AD, IHT nearly prevented endothelial dysfunction of both cerebral and extra-cerebral blood vessels, rarefaction of the brain vascular network, and the loss of neurons in the brain cortex. Associated with these vasoprotective effects, IHT improved memory and lessened AD pathology. IHT increases endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO), thereby increasing regional cerebral blood flow and augmenting the vaso- and neuroprotective effects of endothelial NO. On the other hand, in AD excessive production of NO in microglia, astrocytes, and cortical neurons generates neurotoxic peroxynitrite. IHT enhances storage of excessive NO in the form of S-nitrosothiols and dinitrosyl iron complexes. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD, and IHT reduces oxidative stress in a number of experimental pathologies. Beneficial effects of IHT in experimental neuropathologies other than AD, including dyscirculatory encephalopathy, ischemic stroke injury, audiogenic epilepsy, spinal cord injury, and alcohol withdrawal stress have also been reported. Further research on the potential benefits of IHT in AD and other brain pathologies is warranted.
Luminescence studies for energy transfer of lead sulfide QD films

Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) of different sizes are deposited with supercritical fluid CO2 (sc-CO2) to form laterally uniform PbS quantum dot films on glass substrates as compared to other deposition methods. Fluorescence and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of PbS QDs obtained from these closely packed films prepared by the sc-CO2 method reveal effective Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between PbS QDs of two different sizes, while the films composed of three different sizes of PbS QDs show an even more effective FRET from the smallest to the largest particles. The FRET measured by PL is consistent with that measured by fluorescence spectroscopy at room temperature. From the PL studies of PbS QD films containing two different QD sizes, we demonstrate that the occurrence of FRET under cryogenic conditions is more efficient.
Improvements in Patient-reported Sexual Function After Microsurgical Varicocelectomy

Objective To evaluate whether varicocelectomy improves both serum testosterone and sexual function, as assessed by the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ). Methods A retrospective chart review of patients who have undergone varicocelectomy and had both pre- and postoperative MSHQ was performed. The MSHQ is a clinically validated questionnaire that assesses erectile function, ejaculatory function, and sexual satisfaction, with higher scores indicating better function. Clinical parameters pre and postvaricocelectomy were compared with paired t test. Results Thirty-four patients met study criteria. Seventeen patients (50%) presented for infertility, and the remaining 13 had symptomatic varicocele associated with hypogonadism. Average postsurgical follow-up was 20.6 ± 12.5 months. The majority of men in the study had bilateral varicoceles and left grade III varicoceles. Significant improvements in the total MSHQ score (3.9 ± 8.7, P = .027), the MSHQ erectile function (1.2 ± 2.3, P = .007), and the MSHQ ejaculatory function (1.4 ± 3.1, P = .018) domains were seen. Fifteen (44%) men saw improvement in their erectile function and 18 (53%) saw improvement in ejaculatory function. The improvement in serum testosterone was also significant (136.0 ± 201.3 ng/dL, P = .007). Conclusion Microsurgical repair of varicocele not only improves testosterone, but also improves patient-reported erectile and ejaculatory functions. Patients can confidently be counseled that varicocelectomy has the potential to improve sexual function along with serum testosterone.
Purification and subunit analysis of wheat-germ ribonucleic acid polymerase II.

A procedure is described for the purification of the α-amanitin-sensitive DNA-dependent RNA polymerase [EC 2.7.7.6] from wheat germ. Solubilization of the enzyme activity was achieved by sonication of a crude extract in a high-salt buffer. Purification involved precipitation with protamine sulphate and (NH4)2SO4, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose, and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Under denaturing conditions the enzyme dissociated into five polypeptides with molecular weights and molar ratios of 220000 (0.9), 170000 (0.1), 140000 (1.0), 45000 (0.2), and 40000 (0.4). Approx. 1mg of purified RNA polymerase was obtained as a routine from 100g of starting material.
Validation of sensor for postoperative positioning with intraocular gas.

Purpose: Surgical repair of retinal attachment or macular hole frequently requires intraocular gas. This necessitates specific postoperative positioning to improve outcomes and avoid complications. However, patients struggle with correct positioning. We have developed a novel sensor to detect the position of the gas bubble in the eye and provide feedback to patients in real time. In this paper, we determine the specificity and sensitivity of our sensor in vitro using a model eye. Methods: We assessed the reliability of our sensor to detect when a gas bubble has deviated off a model retinal break in a model eye. Various bubble sizes representing the intraocular kinetics of sulfur hexafluoride gas and varying degrees of deviation from the correct position were tested using the sensor attached to a mannequin head with a model eye. Results: We recorded 36 data points. The sensor acted appropriately in 33 (91.7%) of them. The sensor triggered the alarm every time the bubble deviated off the break (n=15, sensitivity =100%). However, it triggered the alarm (falsely) 3/21 times when the bubble was correctly positioned over the retinal break (specificity =86%). Conclusion: Our device shows excellent sensitivity (100%) and specificity (86%) in detecting whether intraocular gas is tamponading a retinal break in a model eye.
A new model for TDDB reliability of porous low-K dielectrics: Percolation defect nucleation and growth

We show that the percolation paths introduced during the initial stages of low-K dielectric breakdown during high-voltage stress are not observable at the low voltages typical of circuit operation. By using a novel 2 stage voltage stress regime to investigate breakdown mechanisms that are typical of circuit operation, we demonstrate that low-K breakdown at low voltages has two components: first, formation (termed “nucleation” here) of the percolation path responsible for increased leakage, and second, the growth of this defect to failure. The defect growth time appears to have similar field dependence as the nucleation time, and appears to be largely area independent, unlike nucleation times, which are strongly area dependent. Consequently, failure times extracted from the growth phase of the breakdown, when extrapolated to circuit areas and operating voltages, exhibit substantial increases compared to the traditional extrapolation methodology, which relies on nucleation times only.
Neoclassical versus Neomercantilist Economics: Theory and Reality

Until the twentieth century, the concepts of political liberty and equality — majority rule, minority rights — was expressed by only a handful of political philosophers and practiced by even fewer societies. The words of thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Jefferson, and Mill, and the republics of ancient Athens and Rome, and eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Holland, Britain, and America are small islands in the vast ocean of history; virtually all other civilizations preached and practiced various forms of authoritarianism in which a small hereditary class ruled, usually unhindered, over everyone else. In some civilizations, there were some restrictions on power — in China rebellion was justified against unvirtuous rulers who had lost “the mandate of heaven” — and absolute elsewhere — the divine rights of some eighteenth-century European kingdoms. Not much has changed now-a-days; although the United Nations Charter and virtually all governments pay at least lip service to democratic notions, in 1988 less than one-quarter of the world’s 167 nation-states were considered political democracies.1
Femtosecond Four-Wave Mixing for Molecule Based Computation

Three shaped non-degenerate pulses can initialize a manifold of rovibronic states, store information, and perform a computation. Results from experiments carried out on molecular iodine will be presented.
I get so lonely, baby: The effects of loneliness and social isolation on romantic dependency

Individuals lacking fulfilling interpersonal interactions may experience feelings of loneliness. Consequently, these individuals may over-rely on their romantic partners to fulfill the need to belong. This study examined the effects of loneliness and social isolation on dependency on a romantic partner in a sample of college students (N = 104). Participants who were in a romantic relationship completed measures of loneliness, social isolation, and romantic dependency near the beginning of the semester (Time 1) and approximately 6 weeks later toward the end of the semester (Time 2). Toward the beginning of the semester, there were no significant predictors of dependency. Toward the end of the semester, individuals who reported higher social isolation reported higher levels of dependency. Time 1 dependency also predicted Time 2 dependency. Future methodological directions and suggestions regarding the examination of perceptions of loneliness and relationship expectations are discussed.