cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure associated with pneumococcal meningitis: A case report and literature review

We report a case of acute pneumococcal meningitis complicated by rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in a 46-year-old Indian man who was brought to the emergency department in an unconscious state after a witnessed generalized tonic–clonic seizure that resolved spontaneously. Lumbar puncture was performed, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed white blood cell count of 1500 cells/mm3 (98% neutrophils); glucose level <0.1 mmol/L; and protein level 5.57 g/L. Blood chemistry showed high serum creatinine and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). The patient was sent to the Intensive Care Unit, where he received intravenous antibiotic with early and aggressive hydration, while CSF culture was pending. Two days later, the CSF culture yielded Streptococcus pneumoniae which was sensitive to ceftriaxone and penicillin G. Therefore, ceftriaxone continued for a total of 14 days. The patient maintained good urine output throughout the illness, and his renal parameters improved without dialysis. Eighteen days after admission, he was discharged without fever and with a normal renal function and normal creatine kinase level.
Walking Home Ground: In the Footsteps of Muir, Leopold, and Derleth

Review of: "Walking Home Ground: In the Footsteps of Muir, Leopold, and Derleth," by Robert Root.
On the Real-Time Modeling of Voltage Drop and Grid Congestion Due to the Presence of Electric Vehicles on Residential Feeders

Electric Vehicles (EVs) charging and discharging activities have an immediate impact on the operation of the distribution system. This paper presents a revised linearization methodology to model the real-time EVs activities based on the concept of Kirchhoff laws, Nodal analysis, and Modularity index. Specifically, the proposed modeling methodology and mathematical formulation are based on the decomposition of the distribution feeder topology into clustering nodes while considering on-time demands and EVs activities. It presents a scalable and powerful tool that allows researchers to model the real-time dynamics of the grid at each specific node of the system accurately. It also helps to determine the voltage sensitivity and estimate potential operational deficiencies in reference to the active and reactive power conditions at different spots on the feeder. To verify our modeling strategy, we demonstrate it on the modified IEEE 34 node system to measure the impact on the system's voltage level for each hour of the day, which could provide an estimate for the operational needs of active and reactive power through proper EVs scheduling. Our simulation results show the voltage variation and sensitivity levels at different feeder spots considering different testing scenarios with random EVs activities.
Iterative Model-Based Beamforming for High Dynamic Range Applications

Clutter produced using bright acoustic sources can obscure weaker acoustic targets, degrading the quality of the image in scenarios with high dynamic ranges. Many adaptive beamformers seek to improve image quality by reducing these sidelobe artifacts, generating a boost in contrast ratio or contrast-to-noise ratio. However, some of these beamformers inadvertently introduce a dark region artifact in place of the strong clutter, a situation that occurs when both clutter and the underlying signal of interest are removed. We introduce the iterative aperture domain model image reconstruction (iADMIRE) method that is designed to reduce clutter while preserving the underlying signal. We compare the contrast ratio dynamic range (CRDR) of iADMIRE to several other adaptive beamformers plus delay-and-sum (DAS) to quantify the accuracy and reliability of the reported measured contrast for each beamformer over a wide range of contrast levels. We also compare all beamformers in the presence of bright targets ranging from 40 to 120 dB to observe the presence of sidelobes. In cases with no added reverberation clutter, iADMIRE had a CRDR of 75.6 dB when compared with the next best method DAS with 60.8 dB. iADMIRE also demonstrated the best performance for levels of reverberation clutter up to 0-dB signal-to-clutter ratio. Finally, iADMIRE restored underlying speckle signal in dark artifact regions while suppressing sidelobes in bright target cases up to 100 dB.
Cytoskeletal Remodeling in Cancer

Successful metastasis depends on cell invasion, migration, host immune escape, extravasation, and angiogenesis. The process of cell invasion and migration relies on the dynamic changes taking place in the cytoskeletal components; actin, tubulin and intermediate filaments. This is possible due to the plasticity of the cytoskeleton and coordinated action of all the three, is crucial for the process of metastasis from the primary site. Changes in cellular architecture by internal clues will affect the cell functions leading to the formation of different protrusions like lamellipodia, filopodia, and invadopodia that help in cell migration eventually leading to metastasis, which is life threatening than the formation of neoplasms. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved, will give a better insight of the changes during metastasis, which will eventually help targeting proteins for treatment resulting in reduced mortality and longer survival.
Case Report: Post-operative Angioedema After a Laryngeal Mask Airway Application

Angioedema with macroglossia is a rare complication of anesthesia. We present a clinical case of post-operative development of angioedema presenting as macroglossia in a patient receiving chronic therapy with lisinopril, who developed symptoms in the early post-operative period following surgery in a lateral position, when a laryngeal mask airway was used. Possible mechanisms of angioedema and macroglossia development in our patient are discussed along with potential underlying predisposing mechanisms and available therapeutic approaches.
Five Roles for Psychologists in Addressing Climate Change, and How They Are Informed by Responses to the COVID-19 Outbreak

Abstract. This paper discusses five areas where psychologists have roles in helping to address climate change, its effects on the planet and human beings, these five areas are as follows: (1) Chang...
Finding Faith in American Foreign Policy: Religion and American Diplomacy in a Post-Secular World: by Gregorio Bettiza, New York, Oxford University Press, 2019, xvi+318 pp., US$78.00 (cloth), ISBN 9780190949464

In the late 1990s, a coalition of US-based mainline and evangelical protestants, conservative think tanks and policy shops, and academics converged around what would come to be known as the Interna...
Comparison of hydrogen peroxide-based advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of azole-containing industrial wastewater

Abstract In this study the effectiveness of three types of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), namely the Fenton, UV/Fenton and UV/H2O2 processes, were compared for the treatment of a lab-prepared wastewater containing five-membered heterocyclic pyrazole, 2-(2-aminoethoxy) ethanol (also known as diglycolamine or DGA), hydrogen peroxide, and inorganic fluoride which are common components of semiconductor wastewater. The Fenton, UV/Fenton (at acidic and near neutral pH) and UV/H2O2 processes with same iron (or no iron) and H2O2 dosing were compared and the results show the three AOPs can remove pyrazole and DGA from the synthetic wastewater rapidly with a simultaneous reduction of total organic carbon (TOC). The UV/Fenton process at initial pH of 8.3 outperformed the other AOPs in terms of overall removal rate due to the synergistic effects of pH-dependent speciation of pyrazole and DGA, direct photolysis of hydrogen peroxide, iron-peroxide complexation and iron-oxalate complexation. The UV/Fenton process at initial pH = 3.0 had the slowest kinetics and the UV/H2O2 process (at pH = 8.3) had the lowest TOC removal efficiency. The successive oxidation of both pyrazole and DGA resulted in the production of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, nitrate ions and ammonium ions. Actual semiconductor industrial wastewater containing the same principal components as the lab-prepared water along with co-contaminants was treated with the three AOPs and the presence of co-contaminants lowered the removal rate constants of pyrazole and DGA for the Fenton and UV/H2O2 processes but increased those in the UV/Fenton process. Acute and chronic toxicity tests employing ceriodaphnia dubia indicated the wastewater after AOPs treatment showed no toxicity.
Mode of Delivery, Birth Characteristics, and Early-Onset Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Population-Based Case-Control Study.

Background: The etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children and in adolescents and young adults (AYA) is not well understood. Methods: We evaluated potential associations between mode of delivery, birth characteristics, and NHL risk in a population-based case–control study, which included 3,064 cases of NHL [490 with Burkitt lymphoma, 981 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and 978 with T-cell NHL) diagnosed at the age of 0 to 37 years in California during 1988 to 2015 and 153,200 controls frequency matched on year of birth. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from an unconditional multivariable logistic regression model that included year of birth and birth characteristics. Results: Individuals born via cesarean section had a decreased risk of pediatric Burkitt lymphoma (age 0–14 years; OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51–0.99) and pediatric T-cell NHL (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.97) compared with those born vaginally. Having a birth order of second (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57–0.93) or third or higher (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58–0.99) was associated with a lower risk of pediatric T-cell NHL compared with first-borns. AYA (age 15–37 years) with a heavier birthweight had an elevated risk of DLBCL (OR for each kg = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00–1.35). Associations between other birth characteristics, including plurality, maternal age, maternal education, and NHL risk, also exhibited variations across subgroups based on age of diagnosis and histologic subtype. Conclusions: These findings support a role of mode of delivery and birth characteristics in the etiology of early-onset NHL. Impact: This study underscores the etiologic heterogeneity of early-onset NHL.
Three-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling of inland marine waters of Washington State, United States, for tidal resource and environmental impact assessment

Inland coastal waters of the State of Washington, United States, are fjord-like in character and feature passages where tidal currents with speeds of 3 m/s or greater occur. Combined with close proximity to the major metropolitan area of Seattle and easy access to the power grid, the region is a prime candidate within the United States for tidal power generation. A new three-dimensional (3D) model of tidal circulation of these waters has been implemented. The model is based on Stanford University s SUNTANS code, and covers the eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca, Puget Sound, San Juan and Channel Islands, and the southern Georgia Basin with an unstructured triangular mesh of 250 m average resolution. It is forced with tidal currents from a regional tidal model along open boundaries. Barotropic tidal response is calibrated against compiled tidal data for the region; the system response is characterised in terms of sea surface height variability and energy dissipation. The model can simulate tides with quantitative accuracy within Puget Sound, but it over-predicts tidal range and under-predicts currents in the waterways leading up to the Main Basin of the Sound. Future plans for the model include extension of the model domain for the entire Georgia Basin, incorporation of partial bottom cells and baroclinic processes and improvements in bathymetry.
Travels towards Problem Based Learning in Medical Education (VPBL)

This paper reports the results and insights of an exploratory investigation of the effectiveness of a prototypic virtual problem-based learning (VPBL) exercise delivered via the WWW, that uses Hypermedia Assisted Instructional Technologies (HAIT). The study targeted all first year medical students at a south-central University School of Medicine who were enrolled in the human physiology course during the Spring 2000 (n = 150). A quasi- experimental, post-test only research design compared the VPBL and a text-based version of the same PBL exercise on students' achievement, as measured by a set of selected physiology examination items, and their perceptions of the learning environment, as measured by the Teaching and Learning Environment Questionnaire (TLEQ) (Chauvin & Bowdish, 1998). Findings suggest that the VPBL is equally as effective as the text-based version for enhanc- ing students' learning and their learning environment in small group, PBL sessions. In this paper, we examine the evidence supporting the VPBL innovation and explore what constitutes necessary and sufficient evidence that an educational innovation should be incorporated appro- priately into the medical educational practice of a school. We examine instructional design issues such as learner control, instructional control, and teacher and learner roles as related to instructional development for the WWW, by comparing and contrasting our observations of the VPBL design experiment with the professional literature.
Flowering plants of the Western Ghats, India

Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute,Palode,Thiruvananthapuram 695 562,Kerala,India.Two-volume set:ISBN 9788192009896 (hard bound).Price Rs 3500;US $200.—— Volume 1 (ISBN 9788192009827):Contents (both volumes),foreword (Swaminathan MS);preface (authors);introduction,including methodology,categories of data,recorded species (i.e.,statistics),general references,and users' key (i.e.,explanation of format);and dicotyledons.Volume 2 (ISBN 9788192009834):Contents (both volumes);monocotyledons;addenda,including additions and species of doubtful occurrence;references (both volumes);scientific names (both volumes);and local names (both volumes).
Stakeholder values and scientific modeling in the Neuse River watershed

In 1998, the North Carolina Legislature mandated a 30% reduction in the nitrogen loading in the Neuse River in an attempt to reduce undesirable environmental conditions in the lower river and estuary. Although sophisticated scientific models of the Neuse estuary exist, there is currently no study directly relating the nitrogen-reduction policy to the concerns of the estuarine system's stakeholders. Much of the difficulty lies in the fact that existing scientific models have biophysical outcome variables, such as dissolved oxygen, that are typically not directly meaningful to the public. In addition, stakeholders have concerns related to economics, modeling, implementation, and fairness that go beyond ecological outcomes. We describe a decision-analytic approach to modeling the Neuse River nutrient-management problem, focusing on linking scientific assessments to stakeholder objectives. The first step in the approach is elicitation and analysis of stakeholder concerns. The second step is construction of a probabilistic model that relates proposed management actions to attributes of interest to stakeholders. We discuss how the model can then be used by local decision makers as a tool for adaptive management of the Neuse River system. This discussion relates adaptive management to the notion of expected value of information and indicates a need for a comprehensive monitoring program to accompany implementation of the model. We conclude by acknowledging that a scientific model cannot appropriately address all the stakeholder concerns elicited, and we discuss how the remaining concerns may otherwise be considered in the policy process.
Care within a veterans hospital: earlier detection of colon cancer.

In 1998 the Veterans Administration mandated an externally monitored targeted colon cancer screening rate that was expected to result in earlier cancer detection and improved patient survival. The effectiveness of the protocol was evaluated in a retrospective case series at a tertiary care Veterans Administration Hospital that included all patients with the diagnosis of colon cancer between 1991 and 2003. Tumor stage, tumor location, and patient survival data were recorded and compared to National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) benchmarks. The study facility had a greater percentage of early cancers and fewer later stage cancers than the NCDB benchmark. Overall survival was better for the VA cohort compared to NCDB (all-cause 5-year survival: VA, 0.72; NCDB, 0.47. p ≤ .001). The VA facility had a significantly greater percentage of early cancers and fewer stage III or IV cancers compared to a national benchmark and significantly improved survival compared to the national benchmark.
Genomic and Chromosomal Instability

The multiplicity of mutations found in human cancers reflects the consequences of breakdown in genome maintenance and helps to provide insight into the origins of malignancy. Keywords: genetic instability; DNA damage; DNA repair; mutation; cancer
Regulatory Compliance Costs and LIFO: No Wonder Small Companies Haven't Switched

The widespread decision of small companies to avoid using LIFO is discussed as a function of the difficulties that companies have in complying with LIFO requirements. 1983 survey estimates indicate that small companies face considerably higher costs in switching to LIFO than do large companies. Both large and small companies could save a large proportion of their LIFO conversion costs if LIFO regulations were modified to permit use of government price indexes in determining price changes.
Mouse Peritonitis Model Using Cecal Ligation and Puncture

Publisher Summary Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) represents a peritonitis model with clinical features of the infection comparable with those of peritonitis in humans. Any variety of mouse strains can be used in this model. No premedication or analgesic is necessary and the animals are fasted for 8 hours prior to surgery. A mixture of ketamine (80 mg/kg/body weight) and xylazine (16 mg/kg/body weight) is used. The anesthetic is injected Intramuscularly and complete anesthesia ensues in about 5–7 minutes and lasts for 20–30 minutes. This is confirmed by the lack of response from the animal to pain, and paralysis. The instruments required in this model include a scalpel with a no. 15 blade, a pair of sharp dissecting forceps, blunt dissecting forceps, sharp dissecting scissors, blunt dissecting scissors, fine needle holder, and suture-cutting scissors. Once the animal is assessed to be completely anesthetized, it is placed supine on an adequately prepared surgical platform. The anterior abdominal wall is shaved, and the area is cleaned with isopropyl alcohol. After CLP is performed, the majority of animals die within 2–3 days. It is possible to increase survival time by limiting the amount of the cecum ligated and reducing the diameter of the needle used for puncture. The signs of illness after CLP occur in stages until reversal of these signs indicates either recovery or death. These signs include reduced movement, no attempt at congregation with other mice for group warmth, tremors, dirty or unkempt fur; decrease in natural curiosity; progressive lethargy; piloerection; and reduced appetite and thirst.
Phase Modulation by Noise

This chapter contains sections titled: Representation of Noise Modulation Processing of Noise Modulation by the Phase-Locked Loop Phase and Frequency Variance Typical Oscillator Spectrums Limits on the Noise Spectrum??-??Infinite Variances Power Spectrum Frequency Multiplication and Division Other Representations Shape of Output Spectrum Appendix: Spreadsheets for Integrating Densities
Area postrema mediates tumor effects on food intake, body weight, and learned aversions

Growth of a Leydig cell [LTW (m)] tumor in rats is associated with the development of significant hypophagia and severe aversions to the available diet. Lesions of the area postrema and nearby caudal medial area of the solitary tract were found to block or greatly attenuate the anorexia and food aversions that typically accompany the growth of this tumor. Thus these tumor-induced symptoms may be associated with the detection of blood-borne chemicals by cells located in or near the area postrema.
TP or Not TP: Primary Mediators in a Close Runoff?

Aspirin has emerged as a remarkably safe, inexpensive, and effective drug for the secondary prevention of the complications of atherosclerotic disease. It acts by inhibiting the enzyme prostaglandin (PG) G/H synthase, actually a bifunctional protein that sequentially catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to the highly reactive endoperoxide intermediates PGG2 and PGH2 via its cyclooxygenase (COX) and peroxidase functions. This enzyme, colloquially termed COX, has been crystallized1 and the mechanism of action of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) elucidated.2 3 4 The catalytic site is buried deep within the core of the enzyme and is accessed by the substrate via a hydrophobic tunnel. Aspirin irreversibly acetylates a serine residue at position 529 in the human enzyme,5 close to but not at the catalytic site, though still blocking access to it by the arachidonic acid substrate. NSAIDs, by contrast, act reversibly as competitive inhibitors at the catalytic site. Indeed, transient occupancy of that site after dosing with an NSAID may mask the serine from the effects of a subsequent dose of aspirin.6 The beneficial effects of aspirin in cardiovascular disease have been attributed to its inhibitory effects on COX in platelets. In these cells, thromboxane (Tx) synthase further catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to TxA2,7 which exerts proaggregatory, vasoconstrictor, and proliferative effects via a membrane-bound, G protein–coupled receptor, the TP.8 Two isoforms (α and β) of the TP have been cloned,8 9 both of which are transcribed in human platelets, although only TPα appears to be translated.10 Transcripts of both isoforms are present in vascular cells.11 Although the isoforms differ in their rates of agonist-induced desensitization12 and propensity to couple with G proteins,13 little is known of their disparate roles in vivo. The importance …
Kron reduction of power networks with lossy and dynamic transmission lines

In this paper, we revisit the Kron reduction of electrical networks. By drawing inspiration from the models of short transmissions lines, we introduce a class of electric networks that we call homogeneous RL networks. We show how to perform Kron reduction for these networks in the time domain. Our results can thus be applied to study both the steady state solutions as well as transients while avoiding the use of phasors altogether.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RECRUITING SOURCE, APPLICANT QUALITY, AND HIRE PERFORMANCE: AN ANALYSIS BY SEX, ETHNICITY, AND AGE

This study investigated both an applicant pool and its resulting class of new hires in an attempt to clarify a number of empirical questions concerning recruiting source effectiveness. A pre-established database of applicants and hires for the job of life insurance agent in a large insurance company was analyzed for recruiting activity. Differences in applicant quality and new hire survival were found in favor of the informal recruiting sources. A second measure of hire success, new business commission credits, failed to show differences across recruiting sources. The informal recruiting sources yielded significantly higher selection ratios than did formal sources for all groups. Examination of recruiting source use showed significant group differences, with females and blacks using the formal recruiting sources more frequently than males, non-minorities, and Hispanics. While the informal recruiting sources yielded higher quality applicants and more successful hires for all groups, this research cautions that the implementation of revised recruiting policies must be carefully monitored for adverse effects on protected groups.
Difficult imaging covariates or difficult subjects? - An empirical investigation

The performance of face recognition algorithms is affected both by external factors and internal subject characteristics [1]. Reliably identifying these factors and understanding their behavior on performance can potentially serve two important goals - to predict the performance of the algorithms at novel deployment sites and to design appropriate acquisition environments at prospective sites to optimize performance. There have been a few recent efforts in this direction that focus on identifying factors that affect face recognition performance but there has been no extensive study regarding the consistency of the effects various factors have on algorithms when other covariates vary. To give an example, a smiling target image has been reported to be better than a neutral expression image, but is this true across all possible illumination conditions, head poses, gender, etc.? In this paper, we perform rigorous experiments to provide answers to such questions. Our investigation indicates that controlled lighting and smiling expression are the most favorable conditions that consistently give superior performance even when other factors are allowed to vary. We also observe that internal subject characterization using biometric menagerie-based classification shows very weak consistency when external conditions are allowed to vary.
Potentials of mean force between ionizable amino acid side chains in water.

Potentials of mean force (PMF) between all possible ionizable amino acid side chain pairs in various protonation states were calculated using explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations with um...
Ontogenic differences in human liver 4-hydroxynonenal detoxification are associated with in vitro injury to fetal hematopoietic stem cells.

Abstract 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) is a highly mutagenic and cytotoxic α,β-unsaturated aldehyde that can be produced in utero during transplacental exposure to prooxidant compounds. Cellular protection against 4HNE injury is provided by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), aldehyde reductases (ALRD), aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), and glutathione S -transferases (GST). In the present study, we examined the comparative detoxification of 4HNE by aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes in a panel of adult and second-trimester prenatal liver tissues and report the toxicological ramifications of ontogenic 4HNE detoxification in vitro. The initial rates of 4HNE oxidation and reduction were two- to fivefold lower in prenatal liver subcellular fractions as compared to adult liver, and the rates of GST conjugation of 4HNE were not detectable in either prenatal or adult cytosolic fractions. GSH-affinity purification of hepatic cytosol yielded detectable and roughly equivalent rates of GST–4HNE conjugation for the two age groups. Consistent with the inefficient oxidative and reductive metabolism of 4HNE in prenatal liver, cytosolic fractions prepared from prenatal liver exhibited a decreased ability to protect against 4HNE-protein adduct formation relative to adults. Prenatal liver hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which constitute a significant percentage of prenatal liver cell populations, exhibited ALDH activities toward 4HNE, but little reductive or conjugative capacity toward 4HNE through ALRD, ADH, and GST. Cultured HSC exposed to 5 μM 4HNE exhibited a loss in viability and readily formed one or more high molecular weight 4HNE-protein adduct(s). Collectively, our results indicate that second trimester prenatal liver has a lower ability to detoxify 4HNE relative to adults, and that the inefficient detoxification of 4HNE underlies an increased susceptibility to 4HNE injury in sensitive prenatal hepatic cell targets.
Stopover Habitat Selection by Migrant Landbirds in a Fragmented Forest-Agricultural Landscape

ABSTRACT. Limited stopover habitat along migration routes is a possible contributor to population declines in migratory landbirds. In highly fragmented agricultural landscapes, potential stopover sites are often limited to riparian corridor forests and small forest patches, but there are little quantitative data on stopover habitat selection in these areas, especially with regard to how migrants use isolated versus connected, and riparian versus upland, habitat patches. We examined the use of upland forest woodlots in the forest—agricultural landscape of northwest Indiana as stopover habitat, to determine whether migrants selected stopover sites on the basis of proximity to riparian corridor forest. In two spring and two fall seasons, we conducted 384 surveys in 12 small woodlots at three levels of isolation from a riparian forest corridor, detecting 3,695 en-route migrants of 76 species. We detected no difference in migrant abundance or species richness among distance classes in either season, and a prin...
Brain scintigrams in metastatic carcinoma.

A review of clinical experience with two agents used in brain tumor imaging, 203Hg-chlormerodrin and 99mTc-pertechnetate, was made to determine true-positive and false-positive rates for the localization of metastatic brain tumors. We found no significant difference between the two agents in the true-positive rate, 70% and 65%, respectively. False-positive rate also revealed no significant differences, 12% and 5%, respectively. Experience with delayed scans using 99mTc-pertechnetate suggests that true-positive rates may be increased with a longer interval between injection and scan than was employed in most of these patients. Newer radiopharmaceuticals currently under investigation may also offer improved tumor detection.
Regulation of the Human Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Type I Gene UTILIZATION OF ALTERNATIVE PROMOTERS

Catalysis of guanine nucleotide formation from IMP in the de novo purine synthetic pathway is carried out by two isoforms of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) that are catalytically indistinguishable but are encoded by separate genes. In order to assess the potential for cell type-specific expression of IMPDH activity, we have characterized the IMPDH type I gene and identified three major RNA transcripts that are differentially expressed from three different promoters. A 4.0-kilobase pair (kb) mRNA containing 1.3 kb of 5′-untranslated region is expressed in activated peripheral blood lymphocytes and to a far lesser extent in cultured tumor cell lines. The P1 promoter that regulates the transcription of this mRNA has a high degree of sequence identity to an Alu repetitive sequence. A transcript of 2.7 kb is found in a subset of the tumor cell lines examined, whereas a 2.5-kb mRNA species is universally expressed and is the prevalent mRNA in most cell lines and tissues. The relative strengths of the three promoter regions and the effects of variable extents of 5′-flanking sequence on the P3 promoter differ in Jurkat T, as compared with Raji B lymphoid cell lines, demonstrating a complex cell type-specific transcriptional regulation of IMPDH type I gene expression.
Dynamic stability tests of spinning entry bodies in the terminal regime

Spinning blunt entry vehicles dynamic stability tests in terminal regime, discussing dependence on angle of attack
The dynamic scheduling of aircraft in high density terminal areas

Abstract We find the most efficient (airport) runway utilization by using a methodology which we call Constrained Position Shifting (CPS). We examine this methodology from the perspectives of both pilots and air traffic controllers by simulation. The results indicate that significant and equitable improvements in system performance are achieved, especially during peak periods.
Molecular characterization and structural modeling of immunoglobulin variable regions from murine monoclonal antibodies specific for hepatitis B virus surface antigen.

Abstract We have characterized structurally the V regions of a set of murine monoclonal antibodies designated A1.2, A3.1, and A2.1, which recognize a group-specific epitope associated with hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). The selection of these antibodies for this characterization was based on data which indicated that A1.2 and A3.1 recognize an overlapping epitope, while A2.1 recognizes a different group-specific epitope, on the HBsAg molecule. In addition, a conformation-dependent cross reactive Id is expressed on both A1.2 and A3.1, but not on A2.1. We have determined the primary sequence structures of these three monoclonal antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and have aligned them to evaluate V region sequence homology and identify potential regions of structural homology which provide a basis for the HBsAg epitope recognition and the cross reactive Id. Both A1.2 and A3.1 express V H regions which are highly homologous to the V H NP gene family (V186-2), both use members of the DSP2 D region gene family and utilize the J H 2 and J H 1 J gene segments, respectively. Alternatively, A2.1 is related to the V H J558 gene family and expresses a fusion of the DFL16.1 and DQ52 D gene regions in conjunction with the J H 1 gene segment. Each of these three monoclonal anti-HBs utilize light chains from the V κ 21 and the J κ 4 gene families. Primary amino acid sequence data were employed to construct computer generated models of the A1.2, A3.1, and A2.1 V regions to determine potential antigen combining site structures and the basis for the expression of the cross reactive Id. These results are discussed in terms of potential interaction sites with HBsAg and V region sites involved in Id expression.
Measurements of air flow characteristics in a full-scale clean room

Abstract Detailed air turbulence characteristics in a full-scale and running fan—filter unit type clean room (4.20 m × 2.97 m × 2.70 m) with and without a clean bench loaded are investigated experimentally. The measurements of the three components of air velocity were conducted by means of a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer. Velocity vectors, turbulence intensity, turbulence kinetic energy, and probability density functions of velocity direction and velocity contours in the space domain are presented. The results show that the non-uniformity and deflection angle of air velocity are within 13% and 7.9 degrees, respectively. Moreover, the mean flow patterns, turbulence characteristics, and histogram features of the air flow are discussed. The detailed experimental data are not only useful for clean room design and equipment layout but also helpful for use in the evaluation of numerical modeling in clean room flow fields.
Synthesis of DiamidoPyrrolyl Molybdenum Complexes Relevant to Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia

A potentially useful trianionic ligand for the reduction of dinitrogen catalytically by molybdenum complexes is one in which one of the arms in a [(RNCH2CH2)3N]3− ligand is replaced by a 2-mesitylpyrrolyl-α-methyl arm, that is, [(RNCH2CH2)2NCH2(2-MesitylPyrrolyl)]3− (R = C6F5, 3,5-Me2C6H3, or 3,5-t-Bu2C6H3). Compounds have been prepared that contain the ligand in which R = C6F5 ([C6F5N)2Pyr]3−); they include [(C6F5N)2Pyr]Mo(NMe2), [(C6F5N)2Pyr]MoCl, [(C6F5N)2Pyr]MoOTf, and [(C6F5N)2Pyr]MoN. Compounds that contain the ligand in which R = 3,5-t-Bu2C6H3 ([Art-BuN)2Pyr]3−) include {[(Art-BuN)2Pyr]Mo(N2)}Na(15-crown-5), {[(Art-BuN)2Pyr]Mo(N2)}[NBu4], [(Art-BuN)2Pyr]Mo(N2) (νNN = 2012 cm−1 in C6D6), {[(Art-BuN)2Pyr]Mo(NH3)}BPh4, and [(Art-BuN)2Pyr]Mo(CO). X-ray studies are reported for [(C6F5N)2Pyr]Mo(NMe2), [(C6F5N)2Pyr]MoCl, and [(Art-BuN)2Pyr]MoN. The [(Art-BuN)2Pyr]Mo(N2)0/− reversible couple is found at −1.96 V (in PhF versus Cp2Fe+/0), but the [(Art-BuN)2Pyr]Mo(N2)+/0 couple is irreversible. Reduction of ...
Bhikkhu Buddhadāsa's Interpretation Of The Buddha

Pour Buddhadāsa, l'interpretation du Bouddha ainsi que d'autres aspects de la sāsanā (religion), cherche a reveler l'essence et le corps de la buddhadhamma sans exclure les aspects riches et varies de la tradition. Son interpretation de la personne du Bouddha se fait sur le principe du Qui me voit, voit le dhamma; qui voit le dhamma, voit le Bouddha. Buddhadāsa est un moine de la tradition Theravāda dont la creation remet en question les contructions bouddhistes sectaires et traditionnelles. Sa conception du bouddhisme est deja scientifique car elle est basee sur l'experience des choses comme elles existent reellement
One man's trash: the recovery of Frederick A. Cook's original telegram drafts announcing his attainmentof the North Pole

On 1 September 1909, Dr Frederick A. Cook landed at Lerwick in the Shetland Islands and cabled the unexpected news that he had reached the North Pole on 21 April of the previous year. This article recounts the equally unexpected recovery of the original telegram drafts Cook wrote for the cables sent from Lerwick. It discusses new details they add to the historical record and confirms others that previously had no confirmation. It also verifies the authenticity of the drafts, and, based on the physical condition of the recovered documents and documentary clues, it traces what can be known of the history of these documents between the time Cook wrote them and their publication a century later, proposing how they might have been originally saved from destruction in 1909.
Numerical solution of a casson fluid flow in the entrance of annular tubes

The solution of the momentum equation for a Casson fluid flowing in the entrance region of an annular tube has been obtained. The results have been presented for a large range of radii ratio and dimensionless yield stress. The mathematical accuracy of the numerical procedure is demonstrated by comparing the asymptotic velocity profiles at large axial distance with fully developed solution [1]. In addition, the results of the numerical solution for the case of yield stress equal to zero are compared with the entrance flow solution for a Newtonian fluid [2].
Dose- and time-dependent effects of ethanol on brain stem auditory evoked responses in young adult males

Abstract In experiment 1, the dose- and time-dependent effects of ethanol on brain stem auditory evoked responses, tympanic temperature, positional alcohol nystagmus, self-ratings of intoxication and blood alcohol concentration were studied in 9 young adult males. These measures were monitored at 0.5 h intervals for high (1.0 g/kg body weight), moderate (0.5 g/kg) and placebo ethanol doses administered on non-consecutive days. The moderate and high doses of ethanol caused significant increases in latencies of brain stem potential waves II–VII, but neither dose affected their amplitudes. The latency of wave VI increased monotonically with dose but the latency changes of earlier waves were not significantly greater for the high than for the moderate dose. Ethanol also caused a small but significant decrease in tympanic temperature, also no greater for the high than for the moderate dose. However, the duration of this latter effect did increase systematically with dose. Positional alcohol nystagmus, self-ratings of intoxication and, of course, blood alcohol concentrations all increased with dose levels. Although within-subject latency changes in evoked potential peaks covaried with blood alcohol concentrations, the latter variable, along with positional alcohol nystagmus and temperature correlated higher with self-ratings of intoxication than with the latency changes. In experiment 2, an apparent withdrawal hyperexcitability, characterized by below baseline latency decreases, was observed for waves VI and VII following an ethanol dose of 0.5 g/kg. The phenomenon commenced before blood alcohol concentrations reached zero and persisted longer than the initial ethanol-induced prolongation of wave latencies.
The use of internalised ureteric stents in renal transplant recipients.

Summary— Since 1982, we have used internal indwelling ureteric stents for the management and prevention of ureteric reconstruction complications in 28 renal allograft recipients. A total of 30 stents were placed in 18 patients either diagnostically or therapeutically in the management of allograft ureteric obstruction. In 16 patients internal stents were placed at the time of reconstruction for primary ureteropyelostomy (3), secondary ureteropyelostomy (8), repeat reimplant (3) and repair of ureteric or pelviureteric junction injury (2). Complications included 3 episodes of transplant pyelonephritis, proximal stent migration (1), persistent bacteriuria (1) and prolonged healing of a ureteropyelostomy (1). Internalised ureteric stenting is a safe and effective means of managing or preventing ureteric reconstruction complications in renal transplant recipients.
Intermediary metabolism of Leishmania

In the course of their existence, parasites develop several metabolic pathways that differ significantly from those of their hosts. Despite the fairly close evolutionary kinship between Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei, the forms that live in the insect vectors have evolved different strategies for the disposition of available food resources. In this brief review, Joseph Blum will focus on the data available from studies on Leishmania spp and will largely ignore the information available from Trypanosoma spp.
Statue square as a liminal sphere: Transforming space and place in migrant adaptation

This article exemplifies how space and occupation can become vital components in migrant adaptation. Filipinas working as migrant domestics in Hong Kong face multiple stress factors related to displacement, lack of personal space, and feelings of being out of place. Every Sunday, tens of thousands of them gather at Statue Square in Hong Kong's Central District. Using ethnographic procedures, I explored the significance of the weekly assemblage for the Filipina workers. In this article, I present excerpts of the study findings focused on the role of space and place in the workers’ adaptation process, showing how participants recurrently use specified spaces at the square as venues for shared experiences, shared meanings, and shared identities. As a result, Statue Square becomes transformed into a territorial refuge, a provisional society, and a home away from home. Using the concepts of liminality and communitas, this article defines Statue Square as a liminal sphere that allows for multiple types of trans...
Factors affecting initial foam height in the Ross-Miles foam test

A study has been made of the relationship between initial foam height, H, as measured by the Ross-Miles test, and such factors as surfactant concentration, critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the solute, surface tension (γ) of the solution, surface area (A) of the foam, and the work involved in the production of the foam surface. The initial foam was remarkably constant in character for the systems studied and there was a linear relationship between H and A. For five of the six solutes used, the work of producing the foam surface fell within a narrow range at concentrations in the neighborhood of the CMC, indicating an inverse relationship between A and γ. For these solutes, H≈(1000/γ)−3.6. The maximum in H occurred in the neighborhood of the CMC.
Reduced Hepatic Bilirubin Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronyl Transferase and Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Dehydrogenase Activity in the Human Fetus

Hepatic bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase (UDPG-T) activity was 0.14 and 0.22 units in two fetuses aged 17 and 22 weeks, respectively, and less than 0.1 unit in 15 fetuses, aged 8--19 weeks compared to 0.68--1.99 units in 21 normal adults. Hepatic uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase (UDPG-D) activity in 14 fetuses, aged 8--18 weeks, ranged from 6.2--15.0 units (mean = 11.3 +/- 0.7) compared to 28.8--49.2 units (mean = 39.6 +/- 2.5) in eight normal adults (P less than 0.001). There was no correlation between UDPG-D activity and gestational age. The hepatic UDPG-D activity was 16.5 units in a 33-day-old full term, female infant, 42.4 and 24.3 units in two 2-year-old infants, respectively, and 24.3 units in a 5.5-year-old child. In three human fetuses, the apparent Km UDPG was 0.54 x 10(-4) M. Thus, both hepatic bilirubin UDPG-T and UDPG-D activity are markedly reduced in the human fetus during the second trimester of gestation. Retarded development of hepatic UDPG-D may extend beyond the first month of life.
Histologic features of uterine leiomyomata treated with microsphere embolization

Abstract Background Therapeutic embolization is a new treatment for symptomatic leiomyomata. Material available in the United States for uterine embolization includes precisely calibrated hydrophilic microporous microspheres made of a cross-linked acrylic copolymer. Case A 42-year-old woman with a longstanding history of symptomatic leiomyomatous uterus underwent uterine artery embolization with microspheres. Because of continuous intractable pelvic pain, an abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The gross and histologic findings included large amounts of microspheres and pus within the uterine cavity, infarcted leiomyomata with microspheres, and intravascular microspheres within hyalinized leiomyomas. Conclusion Microsphere embolization leads to hyalinizing and ischemic necrosis with residual microsphere material in the myometrium, uterine cavity, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
Dormant Masculinity: Moderating Effects of Acute Alcohol Intoxication on the Relation Between Male Role Norms and Antigay Aggression.

Acute alcohol intoxication was examined as a moderator of the association between men's adherence to traditional gender norms and aggression towards a gay male. Participants were 164 heterosexual drinking men between the ages of 21-30. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires that included a measure of adherence to male role norms (i.e., status, toughness, antifemininity), were randomly assigned to consume an alcohol or no-alcohol control beverage, and completed the Taylor Aggression Paradigm in which electric shocks were administered to, and received from, a fictitious gay or heterosexual male opponent. RESULTS indicated a greater adherence to both the toughness (β =.50, p =.002) and antifeminine (β =.37, p =.023) norms predicted high levels of aggression towards a gay man only among participants who were intoxicated. This interaction effect was not detected for the status norm. Consistent with previous research, findings suggest that adherence to the toughness norm does not increase sober men's risk of aggression toward gay men. However, this is the first study to demonstrate that alcohol intoxication may activate concepts of toughness, and thus influence men to act in line with this facet of the masculine concept. Importantly, these data support the view that men's adherence to various dimensions of masculinity may be dormant in some contexts, only to be activated, and subsequently demonstrated, in other contexts. Language: en
Predictors of metabolic control in children with Type 1 diabetes: the impact of Hurricane Katrina in a prospective study

Abstract Aims To prospectively examine the effects of fear of hypoglycemia (FH), adherence to blood glucose testing, and anxiety on metabolic control in youth with Type 1 diabetes. To examine the relationships among these variables in the context of a hurricane. Methods Participants included 158 children completing measures at two times, with 58 participants completing measures pre- and post-Hurricane Katrina. Hierarchical regressions were run predicting indices of metabolic control. Results HbA1c was a unique predictor of subsequent HbA1c although a significant interaction between children's FH and hurricane group was found for HbA1c. Percent of low blood glucose (BG) was the only unique predictor of subsequent low BG. Percent of high BG and demographic variables were predictors of subsequent high BG. There was also a significant interaction between children's FH and hurricane group for high BG. Conclusions Prior metabolic control is a strong predictor of subsequent metabolic control. Youth who exhibit FH are at risk for poor metabolic control, specifically demonstrating high BG levels and HbA1c if they have experienced a major stressor such as a natural disaster.