cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heme Oxygenase-1–Derived Carbon Monoxide Contributes to the Suppression of Acute Hypertensive Responses In Vivo

The enzyme heme oxygenase, which exists in inducible (HO-1) and constitutive (HO-2) isoforms, catalyzes the degradation of heme to biliverdin and CO in mammalian tissues. CO has been implicated in the control of vascular tone in a manner similar to that for NO. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of the heme oxygenase/CO pathway to the modulation of acute hypertensive responses in vivo induced by (1) alphaalphaHb, a chemically modified hemoglobin known to scavenge NO, and (2) NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a competitive NOS inhibitor. Experiments were carried out in conscious rats in which femoral arteries and veins were surgically catheterized 1 or 5 days before treatment with the vasoconstrictor agents. Intravenous infusion of alphaalphaHb (8% solution) or L-NAME (30 micromol/kg) [corrected] produced an acute and significant increase in mean arterial pressure (P<0.05) in rats at 5 days after catheter implantation. In contrast, no change in blood pressure was observed when alphaalphaHb or L-NAME was infused 1 day after the surgical intervention. The suppression of the hypertensive response observed at 1 day after surgery correlated with a significant (P<0.05) HO-1 expression in aorta, heart, and liver as well as increased aortic CO production and cGMP levels. At 1 day after surgery, pretreatment of animals with the heme oxygenase inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (50 micromol/kg IP) markedly decreased aortic CO and cGMP levels and completely restored the vasoconstrictor effects of both alphaalphaHb and L-NAME. These results provide evidence for a crucial role of the heme oxygenase/CO pathway in the regulation of blood pressure under stress conditions in vivo.
The Effect of Foreign Science Policy on U.S. Research

Increased emphasis on strengthening national scientific communities has been seen around the world in recent decades. The US scientific community will feel the effects. The global scientific landscape has changed. Over the past decade many governments became convinced that their economic futures lay with knowledge-based economies in which research is central. Governments sought to strengthen national research, swiftly building capability and fostering a sharper competitive culture. As a result, foreign scientific communities have become more competitive and publication output increased. From within the fast-paced US research community these changes may be little noticed, their significance obscure. The effects of these changes have been easy to underestimate because the size of the US scientific enterprise still dwarfs that of any other country. Nevertheless, in aggregate these shifts are beginning to have an impact on US research.
Paradoxical evolution of a cerebellar tuberculosis abscess after surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy.

BACKGROUND Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by a tuberculosis abscess is a rare form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. With proper treatment, the abscess most commonly follows a pattern of continued reduction in size. CASE DESCRIPTION A 71-year-old male with a past medical history of kidney transplant on immunosuppressive therapy, presented to the hospital with a 1-day history of headache. On physical examination, the patient had no focal neurological symptoms. Initial laboratory reports were unremarkable. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, which showed a ring enhancing mass and perilesional edema in the left cerebellar hemisphere. The patient underwent a left posterior fossa biopsy and drainage. The lesion was encapsulated with a purulent center. Cultures revealed pan-sensitive mycobacterium tuberculosis and the patient was started on rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and B6. The patient was monitored carefully and brain MRIs were obtained at 1, 4, 9, 11, and 14 months. It was noted that the tuberculosis abscess had grown in size from month 4 to month 9 of treatment. Since the patient's neurologic examination and symptoms were stable at that time, the drug regimen was not changed. The 14-month follow up MRI showed that the abscess had nearly resolved. CONCLUSION Rarely, the pattern of CNS tuberculosis abscess evolution may include growth, even with proper treatment. This pattern does not necessarily signify treatment failure, as our abscess resolved without change in treatment. Given the possibility of asymptomatic abscess enlargement, close clinical and imaging follow up are crucial in management of these cases.
Healthcare-Tides of Change

Strong currents are exerting a force on the future of healthcare capital construction; they are impacting every discipline from planners to architects, engineers, finance groups, and owners. These currents constitute a sea change that affects every phase of a capital project, from initial master planning and approval to the postoccupancy evaluation. These tidal forces are affecting projects no matter where they are in their life cycle and they include new economic realities, uncertainty about healthcare reform, corporate awareness of green building and sustainability, innovative financing, new delivery models, and even the way architects produce drawings. Any one of these realities would present a challenge, but with the convergence of so many profound changes, the industry has been stretched and shaken to its core. Metrics and benchmarking are among the tools healthcare leaders are developing to help manage costs and risks, and to chart a course through these uncertain and challenging times.Healthcare costs have soared, putting healthcare reform high on the national agenda. Part of these cost increases are attributable to escalating construction costs and the increased volume of healthcare projects that started in 2003 and were a dominant force until 2008, when the economy went from full speed ahead to a full stop overnight. Problems with the money supply have interrupted many privately funded projects. In an attempt to control cost and risk, owners have expanded their stable of delivery options to include costplus, shared-risk, and incentive programs; integrated project delivery; design build; and lean construction. There is an emerging consensus that reducing a company's carbon footprint and building in a sustainable manner are corporate responsibilities. Alternative financing and tax credits are being used to lock in escalating energy costs. Architects are transitioning from twodimensional computer-aided design and drafting to three-dimensional modeling or building information models, which demand new skills and a new partnership with contractors. These major shifts at the core of the industry are occurring just as the Baby Boomers are beginning to retire. With the Boomers' departure, years of accumulated knowledge and expertise will be lost. Any of these changes alone represents a major shift in practice, but all of these changes together have created immense risks and opportunities that will require constant re-evaluation, personal change, a new level of cooperation, and hard work to meet the healthcare needs of the future. …
Sequence mining in categorical domains: incorporating constraints

We present cSPADE, an ecient algorithm for mining fre- quent sequences considering a variety of syntactic constraints. These take the form of length or width limitations on the sequences, minimum or maximum gap constraints on con- secutive sequence elements, applying a time window on al- lowable sequences, incorporating item constraints, and Þnd- ing sequences predictive of one or more classes, even rare ones. Our method is ecient and scalable. Experiments on a number of synthetic and real databases show the utility and performance of considering such constraints on the set of mined sequences.
An ocular motility conundrum

Two siblings, an 11-year-old boy and a 7-year-old girl presented with bilateral symmetrical ptosis and limited eye movements. Having already been reviewed on a number of occasions by a variety of specialists in multiple hospital settings a diagnosis of their ocular motility disorder had remained elusive. We describe their cases, outline the differential diagnosis and review the investigations performed which were influential in finally making a diagnosis.
Clinical and microbiological effects of localized ligature-induced periodontitis on non-ligated sites in the cynomolgus monkey.

The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical and microbiological effects of localized ligature-induced periodontitis on non-ligated sites in a monkey model system. Ligature-induced periodontitis was produced in one quadrant in each of four Macaca fascicularis monkeys. Two additional monkeys without any ligatures served as control. The clinical condition and subgingival microflora of ligated, non-ligated, and control sites were monitored for 8–11 weeks. Ligated sites demonstrated an initial (1–2 weeks post-ligation) increase in inflammation, Gram-negative surface translocating bacteria (STB), and motile rods. Clinical and radiographic evidence of loss of attachment associated with increased proportions of Bacteroides gingivalis was evident 4–6 weeks post-ligation. No clinical changes were demonstrated in non-ligated and control sites throughout the experimental period. Non-ligated sites, however, demonstrated an increase from 4.6% to 13.7% in Gram-negative STB and motile rods by 4–6 weeks which continued to increase to 20.3%, by 8–11 weeks. Control sites showed no microbiological changes during the experimental period. In a second experiment pure cultures of B. gingivalis were implanted subgingivally at various times in non-ligated sites. It was only possible to recover increased proportions of B. gingivalis from non-ligated sites when implantation occurred while proportions of Gram-negative STB and motile rods were elevated. Loss of attachment in infected non-ligated sites was not seen within four weeks of implantation.
Parametric Study of Proton-Implanted Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Photonic crystals with single- and seven-point defects are used to achieve single-fundamental-mode operation of proton-implanted vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. The holes are etched at a variety of depths for various photonic crystal designs to investigate the influence on single-mode emission. Because proton-implantation provides weak transverse confinement in the form of thermal lensing, selective loss is not required to suppress lasing of extended photonic crystal modes. We show that etching the photonic crystals to shallow depths provides the ability to scale to large aperture sizes, while etching deeply allows single-mode emission of small diameter devices. Optimized designs exhibit a net reduction in loss relative to unetched control devices, as evidenced by a reduction in device threshold current.
Role of the Phagocyte in Host-Parasite Interactions XXIV. Aldehyde Generation by the Myeloperoxidase-H(2)O(2)-Chloride Antimicrobial System: a Possible In Vivo Mechanism of Action.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), H2O2, and chloride ions in the presence of bacteria form aldehydes and are bactericidal. The use of heat-inactivated MPO prevented both killing and aldehyde generation. Decarboxylation and deamination of carboxyl and amino group substrates arising from the bacterial surface may participate in the reaction which yields aldehydes. Bacterial contact was essential for killing. Decarboxylation and bactericidal activities were noted when physiological concentrations of chloride were used. When MPO was replaced with horseradish peroxidase (HPO) in the chloride medium, decarboxylation and bactericidal activities were no longer noted. In contrast, iodide functioned in the antimicrobial system with either MPO or HPO. The iodide concentrations required were at least sixfold greater than circulating blood iodide levels. Moreover, decarboxylation did not occur in the presence of iodide with either enzyme. Thus, both halides function in the MPO-H2O2 system but by different mechanisms. It is likely that in vivo under most conditions chloride is the functional halide and that generation of aldehydes is the mechanism responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the MPO-H2O2-chloride system.
TESOL, Teacher Identity, and the Need for “Small Story” Research

& A cursory scan of TESOL Quarterly abstracts from recent decades reveals a growing interest in matters of identity—a trend that is paralleled in other social science disciplines (sociology, psychology, anthropology, etc.). And because of the close connection between identity and narrative (e.g., Bamberg, De Fina, & Schiffrin, 2008; De Fina, Schiffrin, & Bamberg, 2006; Georgakopoulou, 2007a), it is no coincidence that many of those same disciplines have been simultaneously characterized as taking a ‘‘narrative turn.’’ However, with respect to narrative-and-identity, the field of TESOL seems to be lagging a bit behind. For many of us in the field of TESOL, narrative has traditionally referred to a written text type, or a type of task that induces learners to produce past-tense verb forms. In comparison with other disciplines, we have been slower to associate narratives, especially narratives of personal experience, with an analytic method, tool, or object of inquiry. However, a growing number of publications about language learning and language teacher education (e.g., Bell, 2002; Johnson & Golombek, 2002; Pavlenko, 2002, 2007; Tsui, 2007) have discussed or employed narrative inquiry as a type of qualitative research. A striking number of these rely on written narratives. Some examples include Casanave and Schecter’s (1997) volume on language teacher autobiographies (comprised of personal essays) and Johnson and Golombek’s (2002) volume of language teachers’ written accounts of their professional experiences. More recently, Tsui (2007) used narrative inquiry to examine how her participant Minfang’s identity evolved from ‘‘marginal EFL student’’ to ‘‘model CLT teacher,’’ (p. 671) and the complex processes associated with the formation of professional identity.
An efficient algorithm for malicious update detection & recovery in distance vector protocols

The Internet infrastructure security has been gaining importance in recent years due to growing concerns for cyberwarfare. Among different network threats, the routing table poisoning attack is the most devastating and least researched topic, which needs immediate research attention. In this paper, we develop a scalable algorithm for detecting and recovering from router attacks in distance vector routing protocols. The algorithm is able to detect and recover from malicious updates under certain well-defined conditions. We carry out extensive simulation studies to evaluate the proposed pivot based algorithm for inconsistency recovery (PAIR) for three performance metrics, viz. detection probability, recovery probability and malicious distance under different network and attack scenarios. Our studies show that the PAIR is extremely scalable and offers high detection and recovery capability.
Residual Votes Attributable to Technology

We examine the relative performance of voting technologies by studying presidential, gubernatorial, and senatorial election returns across hundreds of counties in the United States from 1988 to 2000. Relying on a fixed-effects regression applied to an unbalanced panel of counties, we find that in presidential elections, traditional paper ballots produce the lowest rates of uncounted votes (i.e., “residual votes”), followed by optically scanned ballots, mechanical lever machines, direct register electronic machines (DREs), and punch cards. In gubernatorial and senatorial races, paper, optical scan ballots, and DREs are significantly better in minimizing the residual vote rate than mechanical lever machines and punch cards. If all jurisdictions in the United States that used punch cards in 2000 had used optically scanned ballots instead, we estimate that approximately 500,000 more votes would have been attributed to presidential candidates nationwide.
Sequence motifs and prokaryotic expression of the reptilian paramyxovirus fusion protein

Fourteen reptilian paramyxovirus isolates were chosen to represent the known extent of genetic diversity among this novel group of viruses. Selected regions of the fusion (F) gene were sequenced, analyzed and compared. The F gene of all isolates contained conserved motifs homologous to those described for other members of the family Paramyxoviridae including: signal peptide, transmembrane domain, furin cleavage site, fusion peptide, N-linked glycosylation sites, and two heptad repeats, the second of which (HRB-LZ) had the characteristics of a leucine zipper. Selected regions of the fusion gene of isolate Gono-GER85 were inserted into a prokaryotic expression system to generate three recombinant protein fragments of various sizes. The longest recombinant protein was cleaved by furin into two fragments of predicted length. Western blot analysis with virus-neutralizing rabbit-antiserum against this isolate demonstrated that only the longest construct reacted with the antiserum. This construct was unique in containing 30 additional C-terminal amino acids that included most of the HRB-LZ. These results indicate that the F genes of reptilian paramyxoviruses contain highly conserved motifs typical of other members of the family and suggest that the HRB-LZ domain of the reptilian paramyxovirus F protein contains a linear antigenic epitope.
Statistical Models of a Concrete Bridge: Changes in Modal Parameters Due to Temperature

Vibration-based structural health monitoring (SHM) has become a tool in evaluating the condition of civil structures. For bridge structures, vibration-based SHM systems may use the dynamic response of a bridge to measure modal parameters. A change in a structure's modal parameters may indicate damage or other changes to the structural system. These same modal parameters are also sensitive to environmental conditions, primarily temperature. Statistical models have been utilized to differentiate the modal parameter changes caused by temperature and those caused by physical changes. Statistical models also help describe the relationship between modal parameters and environmental conditions. The Lambert Road Bridge is a concrete integral abutment bridge located in California on Interstate 5 (I-5), south of Sacramento. In this study, a SHM system installed on the Lambert Road Bridge was utilized to monitor the bridge's modal parameters and temperatures. The measurements from the SHM system were used to create multiple linear regression models that helped describe the relationship between the structure's modal parameters and temperatures.
A social-ecological framework for "micromanaging" microbial services

Despite playing a central role in the regulation of ecosystem services, microorganisms are often neglected when evaluating feedbacks between social and ecological systems. A social–ecological framework is a tool for evaluating how social factors affect ecosystems through human actions and how ecological factors in turn affect social systems through ecosystem services. Here, we consider linkages and trade-offs between social and biophysical factors that arise when unique microbial attributes such as complexity, dispersal, and rapid evolution are integrated into a social–ecological framework. Using case studies from food production systems, wastewater treatment facilities, and synthetic biology, we show that unintended dis-services can arise when microbial information is limited or is ignored as a result of socioeconomic policies and practices. In contrast, when knowledge about microorganisms is integrated into a social–ecological framework, we can identify how to best maximize microbial services. New scientific tools used to characterize microbial traits, communities, and functions will enhance our ability to monitor microorganisms in diverse systems. However, communication and collaboration among stakeholders – including policy makers, landowners, resource managers, and scientists – are also needed to foster more effective “micromanagement” of microbial services.
Search Enhanced by Distributed Semantic Clustering in Gnutella-like P2P Systems

Leveraging the state-of-the-art information retrieval (IR) algorithms and relevance ranking algorithm, we propose an architecture for efficient search in peer-to-peer networks. The key idea is to employ a distributed, content-based algorithm to arrange the participating nodes into semantic clusters, in which most connections are short-distance, connecting pairs of nodes with similar contents. Nodes in different clusters are connected through long-distance links. Queries are routed to the cluster which has the most relevance contents and flooded to the nodes in the corresponding clusters. The experiment results show that the proposed architecture can achieve high recall rate with small cost of network traffic and query processing load.
New roles for PDGF and CNTF in controlling the timing of glial cell differentiation in the optic nerve

A satisfactory explanation of neural development (or indeed, of any developing tissue) must account not only for the numbers and types of cell that differentiate, but also for the schedule on which they appear. A series of studies over the past several years by Raft, Noble, Miller and their collaborators has established the perinatal optic nerve as a relatively simple system in which the development of two glial cell types can be effectively investigated.
Assessing Diversity Awareness in University Business Students at a Hispanic Serving Liberal Arts Institution

Globalization and shifts in demographics are creating highly diverse workplaces, and managers must understand the importance of managing a diverse workforce. Students taking business management courses at a 4-year private Hispanic serving institution were asked to voluntarily participate in a study in which the researchers sought to explore the diversity awareness attitudes of business management students at a university where the students are exposed to a culturally diverse environment.
Heuristic Problem Solving: The Next Advance in Operations Research

Address at the banquet of the Twelfth National Meeting of the Operations Research Society of America, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 14, 1957. Mr. Simon presented the paper; its content is a joint product of the authors. In this, they rely on the precedent of Genesis 27:22, “The voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau.”
New measurement scales for evaluating perceptions of the technology‐mediated customer service experience

Service organizations are increasingly utilizing advanced information and communication technologies, such as the Internet, in hopes of improving the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and/or quality of their customer-facing operations. More of the contact a customer has with the firm is likely to be with the back-office and, therefore, mediated by technology. While previous operations management research has been important for its contributions to our understanding of customer contact in face-to-face settings, considerably less work has been done to improve our understanding of customer contact in what we refer to as technology-mediated settings (e.g., via telephone, instant messaging (IM), or email). This paper builds upon the service operations management (SOM) literature on customer contact by theoretically defining and empirically developing new multi-item measurement scales specifically designed for assessing technology-mediatedcustomer contact. Seminal works on customer contact theory and its empirical measurement are employed to provide a foundation for extending these concepts to technology-mediated contexts. We also draw upon other important frameworks, including the Service Profit Chain, the Theory of Planned Behavior, and the concept of media/information richness, in order to identify and define our constructs. We follow a rigorous empirical scale development process to create parsimonious sets of survey items that exhibit satisfactory levels of reliability and validity to be useful in advancing SOM empirical research in the emerging Internet-enabled back-office. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Trospectomycin in acute pelvic inflammatory disease: a preliminary report.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous trospectomycin to that of cefoxitin plus doxycycline in the treatment of women hospitalized with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Methods: Thirty-nine patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis ofan acute PID were enrolled in this prospective, single-blind study. Patients were treated with either intravenous trospectomycin, 500 mg every 8 h, or intravenous cefoxitin, 2 g every 6 h, plus oral or intravenous doxycycline, 100 mg every 12 h, in a 2:1 ratio. The patients were followed for clinical response and side effects. Both groups of patients were discharged on oral doxycycline for 10 days. Appropriate cultures were obtained before starting inpatient treatment, on completion of inpatient treatment, and at 2 followup visits. Results:The overall success rate for trospectomycin was 95.6% and for cefoxitin/doxycycline was 91.6%. This difference was not statistically significant (P 0.63). Trospectomycin was found to be effective against Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusions: Single-agent therapy with trospectomycin may be as effective as cefoxitin plus doxycycline in the treatment of women hospitalized with acute PID. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 5:215-218, 1997. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Intentional Navigation and Phase Transition Analysis in Amygdala of KIV Model

Previous study on the KIV model proved that it is feasible to extract information from the amygdala for navigation tasks. In this work, we observed the chaotic dynamics of the KIV model by analyzing the global phase transitions that occur in the amygdala. By using the Hilbert transform, we are able to capture the fast global synchronized spatial patterns of amplitude modulation (AM) in the Amygdala. The ultimate goal for identifying the phase transition within the amygdala is to aid the system for decision-making while navigating in a challenging environment with an intentional behavior. In this paper, we will concentrate on the phase transition analysis in the amygdala of the KIV model. Our experiment has shown the detection of phase transition in the amygdala can be done by Hilbert transform.
Ultrasonic Imaging of Myocardial Strain Using Cardiac Elastography

Clinical assessment of myocardial ischemia based on visually-assessed wall motion scoring from echocardiography is semiquantitative, operator dependent, and heavily weighted by operator experience and expertise. Cardiac motion estimation methods such as tissue Doppler imaging, used to assess myocardial muscle velocity, provides quantitative parameters such as the strain-rate and strain derived from Doppler velocity. However, tissue Doppler imaging does not differentiate between active contraction and simple rotation or translation of the heart wall, nor does it differentiate tethering (passively following) tissue from active contraction. In this paper, we present a strain imaging modality called cardiac elastography that provides two-dimensional strain information. A method for obtaining and displaying both directional and magnitude cardiac elastograms and displaying strain over the entire cross-section of the heart is described. Elastograms from a patient with coronary artery disease are compared with those from a healthy volunteer. Though observational , the differences suggest that cardiac elastography may be a useful tool for assessment of myocardial function. The method is two-dimensional, real time and avoids the disadvantage of observer-dependent judgment of myocardial contraction and relaxation estimated from conventional echocardiography.
Effect of ammonium chloride acidosis on the oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of normal rats.

Moderate systemic acidosis (pH 6.97-7.20) was produced in rats by the oral administration of ammonium chloride. The rats were treated for two and one-half days, and during this period had free access to food. The effect of this degree of metabolic acidosis on glucose tolerance was studied by determining the plasma glucose response to an oral glucose load (3 gm./kg. body weight) and the effect of acidosis on insulin sensitivity was estimated by measuring in vitro glucose oxidation of isolated epididymal fat pads. It was not possible to demonstrate a significant effect of acidosis in either instance, and it is concluded that moderate acidosis in the absence of starvation, has a relatively modest effect on glucose tolerance and on adipose tissue responsiveness to insulin.
Quantum mechanics on a Möbius ring: Energy levels, symmetry, optical transitions, and level splitting in a magnetic field

We investigate the quantum mechanical energy levels of an electron constrained to motion on a nanoscale M\"obius ring by solving the Schr\"odinger equation on the curved surface. The dimensions of the ring in terms of the lateral and transverse parameters {$u,v$} for the M\"obius ring allow us to identify the quantum numbers for the levels by $({n}_{u},{n}_{v})$. We show that the energy levels can still be labeled using the quantum numbers of the cylindrical ring of the same dimensions. While the Hamiltonian has invariance under parity in parameter space, the rotational symmetry about any axis in configuration space is lost, so that the double degeneracy of energy levels for azimuthal quantum number ${n}_{u}\ensuremath{\ge}1$, that exists in cylindrical rings, is lifted by a small amount in the M\"obius ring. The pattern of level splitting has been identified in terms of the number of twists $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ to be $2{n}_{u}=s\ensuremath{\sigma}$ where $s$ is an integer. The scaling properties of the energy levels with respect to the dimensions of the ring are derived; using these properties, our numerical results which are given for a specific geometry can be extended to rings of other commensurate dimensions. The absence of rotational invariance for the M\"obius ring manifests itself through the orbital angular momentum ${L}_{z}$ not commuting with the Hamiltonian. Its expectation values are found to have nearly integral as well as half-integral values of $\ensuremath{\hbar}$, and its variances are small. The energy levels with half-integral azimuthal quantum numbers (${n}_{u}$) are also close to the approximate formula for the equivalent cylindrical ring, provided such half-integral quantum numbers are allowed for the cylindrical geometry. The Zeeman splitting of the energy levels in an external magnetic field is displayed, together with wave functions at a level anticrossing. The optical transitions between electronic states on the M\"obius ring are obtained, and a table of oscillator strengths is provided. The results for energy levels for rings with multiple twists are presented. In view of recent technological advances in the production of graphene sheets, we may anticipate the making of such twisted rings with graphene strips of finite width. Graphene strips of finite width have an open band gap at the $K$ points in the Brillouin zone, so that a nonrelativistic treatment with a small effective mass is appropriate. For M\"obius rings of graphene, our results would be directly relevant, and we may anticipate their experimental verification in the near future.
Priming the Anestrous Gat for Reflex Discharge of Pituitary Ovulating Hormone.

SummaryThe results indicate that the nervous-pituitary-ovarian conditions of the estrous cat may be simulated by estrogen-PMS priming, and that cats in such artificial estrus may be employed as favorable material in experimental studies on nervous control of the adenohypohysis.
The Judicial Hierarchy: A Review Essay

Crucial to understanding the behavior of judges and the outputs of courts is the institutional context in which they operate. One key component of courts' institutional structure is that the judiciary system is organized as a hierarchy, which creates both problems and opportunities for judges. In this essay I evaluate the literature on several features of the judicial hierarchy. I focus on core issues addressed by political scientists, legal scholars, and economists, including such questions as why hierarchy exists; how higher courts can best oversee lower courts; how learning takes place both within and across the levels of the judiciary; and how collegiality influences judicial decision making. I conclude with thoughts on potential future theoretical and empirical avenues for furthering our understanding of the judicial hierarchy.
Analysis of antihypertensive medication and blood pressure control in 11 665hypertensive patients in rural areas

Objective To study the pattern of antihypertensive drug usage among hypertensive patients in rural Liaoning province,and explore its relationship with the low hypertension control rate.Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey on antihypertensive drug usage,measured the blood pressure and classified the patients according to Chinese guideline for prevention and treatment of patients with hypertension on 11,665patients taking antihypertensive drugs in three counties of Liaoning province in 2008.Results The control rate of antihypertensive medications was 3.83%with 47.48%of 11 665patients taking fixed-dose combinations and 24.83%single Western medicine.Only 21.20%of the patients received combined antihypertensive drugs.Conclusions Nearly three fourth of rural hypertensive patients only took fixed-dose combinations or single Western medicine.Inadequate antihypertensive drug usage pattern,especially the low rate of drug combination therapy,could be one of the main reasons for the low control rate of antihypertensive medications in rural China.
Development and Application of a 2D Tidal Flow Model with an Unstructured Mesh

A two dimensional tidal flow numerical model is developed based on models like UnTrim type.The model takes the two dimensional shallow water equations as governing equations and uses unstructured triangular mesh on horizontal plane to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of computation.Then the simulation of tidal flow and the wetting and drying is verified by several channel tests.The results show that the model is effective and stable.Then the model is applied to the simulation of the hydrodynamic process in the Yangtze Estuary,and the model is calibrated and validated through the observed field data.The result shows a good agreement between the simulation and computation.
Improved constrained multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm

An improved Multiple Objective Particle Swarm Optimization(MOPSO) algorithm for solving constrained multi-objective optimization problems(CMOPSO) was proposed based on the analysis of the characteristics of the multi-objective search space.A processing method taking dynamic e unfeasible degree allowable constraint dominance relation as the main constraint was brought forward in this paper,which aimed to improve the algorithm's ability of edge searching and crossing unconnected feasible regions.A simple density measuring method was put forward for external archive maintenance,which intended to improve the efficiency of the algorithm.A new global guide selection strategy was put forward,which brought better convergence and diversity to the algorithm.The computer simulation results show that the CMOPSO algorithm can find a sufficient number of Pareto optimal solutions that have better distribution,uniformity,and approachability.
Taxol reduces circulating tumor cells to prevent bone metastases in SCID mice.

The correlative effects of taxol on the reduction of circulating PC-3 ML human prostatic tumor cells and bone metastasis have been examined in SCID mice. Normally, following injection of 2 x 10(5) cells i.v., the circulating levels in peripheral blood drop by about 50 and 100%, after 8 and 24 h, respectively. In contrast, in taxol-treated mice (40-60 mg/m2/injection given 0, 3, 7 and 23 h following injection of the cells) the numbers of circulating human prostatic PC-3 ML tumor cells were reduced by 100% at 8 h. In similar experiments were mice were injected with taxol 2 h prior to injecting the cells, dosages of 40 and 60 mg/m2/injection reduced circulating tumor cells about 91 and 100%, respectively, by 8 h. Alternatively, if PC-3 Ml cells were pretreated with taxol (0.5 and 1.0 microM for 8 and 24 h) prior to injection, tumor cell clearance by 7 h was also significantly increased (80-100%). Correlative studies showed that the incidence of bone metastases (observed after 40 days) was reduced significantly (a) in mice treated with 40 and 60 mg/m2/injection (i.e. from 73-80% in controls to 15-0% in treated mice) and (b) in mice injected with PC-3 ML cells pre-exposed to 0.5-1.0 microM taxol for 7 h. Immunofluorescence studies with tubulin antibodies showed that the microtubules were disrupted in cells exposed to taxol in vivo and in vitro under conditions that significantly increased cellular clearance from the blood. Taken together, the data suggests that taxol at nontoxic dosages (to mice) can prevent metastases by directly reducing the circulating levels of tumor cells.
High and Low Applicatives: Evidence from Lai

0. Introduction Applicative constructions indicate that a semantically peripheral object has a more central morphosyntactic (and sometimes discourse) status than would otherwise be expected for it; i.e., they involve treating an oblique more like a direct object. The object associated with an applicative construction’s morphology is referred to as the applicative object; an object associated with the non-derived verb (a patient/theme) is referred to as the base object. More conservative approaches to defining applicative constructions require that there be an overt marker of the construction occurring in the construction’s verb; less conservative approaches are willing to countenance abstract, silent applicative elements. For further details, see Peterson, forthcoming. Depictive secondary predicates, or simply depictives, are syntactically dependent predicates occurring in conjunction with a main predicate which predicate something of one of the participants involved in the main predicate, the controller. They are non-finite adjuncts and do not function as a modifier to their controller; e.g. Bobi left the party drunki, in which drunk is the depictive secondary predicate and Bob is its controller, as indicated by the subscript indexing (based on Schultze-Berndt and Himmelmann 2004). In this paper, I will first discuss applicative constructions in Lai (TibetoBurman, Western Burma) and establish their essentially asymmetrical character (in the sense of Bresnan and Moshi 1990). 1 Next, I will outline Pylkkanen’s recent high/low applicative typology (2001, 2002) and extensions of it proposed by McGinnis (2001a and b); this typology is motivated in part by possible interpretations for depictive secondary predicates in conjunction with applicative constructions. I will then consider evidence, focusing on the interpretation of depictive secondary predicates in Lai applicative constructions, which bears on the issue of the high/low applicative typology. From this evidence, I will urge
Parent–Child Aggression Risk in Expectant Mothers and Fathers: A Multimethod Theoretical Approach

The current investigation evaluated whether cognitive processes characteristic of the Social Information Processing model predicted parent–child aggression (PCA) risk independent of personal vulnerabilities and resiliencies. This study utilized a multimethod approach, including analog tasks, with a diverse sample of 203 primiparous expectant mothers and 151 of their partners. Factors considered in this study included PCA approval attitudes, empathy, reactivity, negative child attributions, compliance expectations, and knowledge of non-physical discipline alternatives; additionally, vulnerabilities included psychopathology symptoms, domestic violence victimization, and substance use, whereas resiliencies included perceived social support, partner relationship satisfaction, and coping efficacy. For both mothers and fathers, findings supported the role of greater approval of PCA attitudes, lower empathy, more overreactivity, more negative attributions, and higher compliance expectations in relation to elevated risk of PCA. Moreover, personal vulnerabilities and resiliencies related to PCA risk for mothers; however, fathers and mothers differed on the nature of these relationships with respect to vulnerabilities as well as aspects of empathy and PCA approval attitudes. Findings provide evidence for commonalities in many of the factors investigated between mothers and fathers with some notable distinctions. Results are discussed in terms of how findings could inform prevention programs.
Comparison of 4.5-Year Outcomes of Bare-Metal and Zotarolimus-Eluting Stents in New York.

BACKGROUND Both bare-metal stents (BMS; the first-generation coronary stent) and zotarolimus-eluting stents (ZES; a second-generation drug-eluting stent [DES]) have been widely utilized to treat coronary heart disease. However, the long-term comparative effectiveness of BMS and ZES remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term comparative effectiveness of BMS versus ZES. METHODS We created a longitudinal database by linking the New York State (NYS) cardiac registries, statewide hospital discharge data, the National Death Index (NDI), and the U.S. Census file (2010) for patients receiving either BMS or ZES during the 2008-2009 period. We examined the rates of all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), target-lesion PCI (TLPCI), and target-vessel coronary artery bypass graft (TVCABG) surgery for a follow-up period of 4.5 years. A total of 10,443 propensity score matched pairs were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for patient risk factors. RESULTS We found that patients receiving ZES had a lower rate of 4.5-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio AHR: 0.68, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.63-0.73), AMI (AHR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80-0.98), and TVCABG (AHR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71-0.99) but a similar rate of TLPCI (AHR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.93-1.12). For "off-label" and "high-risk" subgroups, ZES was associated with improved mortality and generally better or non-inferior AMI, TLPCI, and TVCABG outcomes relative to BMS. CONCLUSIONS Compared with BMS, ZES was associated with lower long-term mortality, AMI and TVCABG. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:265-274).
Bilateral Rasmussen Chronic Encephalitis

Two Peruvian brothers, ages 16 months and 5 years, with alternating epilepsia partialis continua are reported from the Montreal Neurological Hospital, McGill University, Canada, and Loyola University, Chicago.
Alpenhorn: bootstrapping secure communication without leaking metadata

Alpenhorn is the first system for initiating an encrypted connection between two users that provides strong privacy and forward secrecy guarantees for metadata (i.e., information about which users connected to each other) and that does not require out-of-band communication other than knowing the other user's Alpenhorn username (email address). This resolves a significant shortcoming in all prior works on private messaging, which assume an out-of-band key distribution mechanism.Alpenhorn's design builds on three ideas. First, Alpenhorn provides each user with an address book of friends that the user can call. Second, when a user adds a friend for the first time, Alpenhorn ensures the adversary does not learn the friend's identity, by using identity-based encryption in a novel way to privately determine the friend's public key. Finally, when calling a friend, Alpenhorn ensures forward secrecy of metadata by storing pairwise shared secrets in friends' address books, and evolving them over time, using a new keywheel construction. Alpenhorn relies on a number of servers, but operates in an anytrust model, requiring just one of the servers to be honest.We implemented a prototype of Alpenhorn, and integrated it into the Vuvuzela private messaging system (which did not previously provide privacy or forward secrecy of metadata when initiating conversations). Experimental results show that Alpenhorn can scale to many users, supporting 10 million users on three Alpenhorn servers with an average dial latency of 150 seconds and a client bandwidth overhead of 3.7 KB/sec.
H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses from the US 2014-2015 outbreak have an unusually long pre-clinical period in turkeys

From December 2014 through June 2015, the US experienced the most costly highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak to date. Most cases in commercial poultry were caused by an H5N2 strain which was a reassortant with 5 Eurasian lineage genes, including a clade 2.3.4.4 goose/Guangdong/1996 lineage hemagglutinin, and 3 genes from North American wild waterfowl low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. The outbreak primarily affected turkeys and table-egg layer type chickens. Three isolates were selected for characterization in turkeys: the US index isolate from December 2014 (A/northern pintail/WA/40964/2014), and two poultry isolates from April 2015 (A/chicken/IA/13388/2015 and A/turkey/MN/12528/2015). Four week old broad-breasted white turkeys were inoculated with one of three doses (102, 104 or 106 50% egg infectious doses [EID50] per bird) of each of the isolates to evaluate infectious dose and pathogenesis. The mean bird infectious dose of A/northern pintail/WA/40964/2014 and A/turkey/MN/12528/2015 was 105 EID50 per bird, but was 103 EID50 per bird for A/chicken/IA/13388/2015, suggesting the latter had greater adaptation to gallinaceous birds. All three isolates had unusually long mean death time of 5.3–5.9 days post challenge, and the primary clinical signs were severe lethargy and neurological signs which started no more than 24 h before death (the average pre-clinical period was 4 days). Infected turkeys also shed high levels of virus by both the oropharyngeal and cloacal routes. The unusually long mean death times, high levels of virus in feces, and increased adaptation of the later viruses may have contributed to the rapid spread of the virus during the peak of the outbreak.
Romantic Quotation in ‘La Belle Dame sans Merci’ and The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream

AbstractThis essay argues that many of the problems that arise in interpreting quotation marks in two poems by John Keats – namely, ‘La Belle Dame sans Merci’ and The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream – are primarily grounded in later editors’ responses to variances in earlier documents. The interpretive moves that can or cannot be made often depend upon punctuation that was invented by persons other than the poet when sources turned out to be at odds, or when documentary evidence proved non-uniform. The variable presence of quotation marks in some, but not other, versions of ‘La Belle Dame sans Merci’ and the sudden disappearance of quotation marks from a passage in which the reader has been led to expect them in The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream provide striking examples of the interpretability of quotation marks in Keats’s work, as well as in Romantic poetry more generally.