cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of supranormal coronary blood flow on energy metabolism and systolic function of porcine left ventricle.

Objective : The goal was to determine if supranormal coronary blood flow increases myocardial oxygen consumption, high energy phosphate levels, and systolic function in the in situ autoperfused heart. Methods : Thirteen anaesthetised open chest pigs with an intact, autoperfused coronary circulation, weight 30-40 kg, were studied. Measurements were made under basal conditions and during regional hyperperfusion of the anterior left ventricle produced by intracoronary infusion of adenosine (mean dose 3.3 μmol·min−1). Doppler coronary blood flow velocity in the anterior descending coronary artery, arterial and anterior interventricular venous blood oxygen content, high energy phosphates (by transmurally localised 31P NMR), and myocardial wall thickening (by sonomicrometry) were measured. Results : With adenosine, coronary flow was increased to 355(SEM 59)% of control. Supranormal coronary flow produced no significant changes in anterior left ventricular oxygen consumption [99(12)% of control]. 31P NMR spectroscopy revealed no significant changes in the peak intensities of phosphocreatine or ATP in either the subendocardium or subepicardium (90-97% of control). Systolic anterior left ventricular wall thickening also did not change [107(13)% of control]. Conclusions : Supranormal coronary flow does not augment myocardial oxygen consumption, high energy phosphates, or systolic function in the in situ autoperfused heart. Myocardial oxygen delivery does not limit oxidative metabolism under normal conditions. Cardiovascular Research 1992; 26 :1001–1006
Viral thymidine kinases and their relatives

Abstract Thymidine kinases were described for cellular life long before it was shown that they could also be encoded by viruses, but the viral thymidine kinase genes were the first to be sequenced. These enzymes have been extraordinarily useful to the researcher, serving first to help DNA, then to get thymidine analogs incorporated into DNA for therapeutic and other purposes and more recently to move genes from one genome to another. Knowledge of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of these enzymes has allowed some deductions about their possible three-dimensional structure, as well as the location on the polypeptide of various functions; it has also allowed their classification into two main groups: the herpesviral thymidine/eukaryotic deoxycytidine kinases and the poxviral and cellular thymidine kinases; the relationships of the mitochondrial enzyme are stil not clear.
Mechanics of graphyne crumpling

The recent capability of synthesizing large-scale crumpled graphene-related 2D materials has motivated intensive efforts to boost its promising applications in electronics, energy storage, composites and biomedicine. As deformation of graphene-related 2D materials can strongly affect their properties and the performance of graphene-based devices and materials, it is highly desirable to attain subtle control of reversible wrinkling and crumpling of graphene. Graphyne, a 2D lattice of sp2- and sp1-hybridized carbons similar to graphene, has remained unexplored with respect to its crumpling behavior. Here we employ molecular dynamics simulation to explore the behavior of graphynes under geometric confinement across various temperatures, sizes, and crumpling rates and compare them to graphene under the same conditions, with a focus on the mechanical stabilizing mechanisms and properties of the crumpled structures. The lower density of graphynes creates less deformation-induced bending energy than graphene; as such the graphynes exhibit a markedly increased propensity for stable crumpling. It is also shown that the crumpled 2D carbon materials demonstrate the hardness and bulk modulus of an equivalent magnitude with crumpled graphene, with the most important behavior-determining factor being the number of linking sp1-hybridized carbons in the material. Our results show that irrespective of the initial geometry and crumpling rate, the final structures present intriguing and useful properties which can be incorporated into crumpled graphene structures.
Afforestation Effects on Soil Carbon Storage in the United States: A Synthesis

Afforestation (tree establishment on nonforested land) is a management option for increasing terrestrial C sequestration and mitigating rising atmospheric carbon dioxide because, compared to nonforested land uses, afforestation increases C storage in aboveground pools. However, because terrestrial ecosystems typically store most of their C in soils, afforestation impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage are critical components of ecosystem C budgets. We applied synthesis methods to identify the magnitude and drivers of afforestation impacts on SOC, and the temporal and vertical distributions of SOC change during afforestation in the United States. Meta-analysis of 39 papers from 1957 to 2010 indicated that previous land use drives afforestation impacts on SOC in mineral soils (overall average = +21%), but mined and other industrial lands (+173%) and wildlands (+31%) were the only groups that specifically showed categorically significant increases. Temporal patterns of SOC increase were statistically significant on former industrial and agricultural lands (assessed by continuous meta-analysis), and suggested that meaningful SOC increases require ≥15 and 30 yr of afforestation, respectively. Meta-analysis of ¹³C data demonstrated the greatest SOC changes occur at the surface soil of the profile, although partial replacement of C stocks derived from previous land uses was frequently detectable below 1 m. A geospatial analysis of 409 profiles from the National Soil Carbon Network database supported ¹³C meta-analysis results, indicating that transition from cultivation to forest increased A horizon SOC by 32%. In sum, our findings demonstrate that afforestation has significant, positive effects on SOC sequestration in the United States, although these effects require decades to manifest and primarily occur in the uppermost (and perhaps most vulnerable) portion of the mineral soil profile.
Differences in Student Information and Communication Technology Literacy Based on Socio-Economic Status, Ethnicity, and Gender: Evidence of a Digital Divide in Florida Schools

AbstractThis research examines student information and communication technology (ICT) literacy and its relationships to a student’s socio-economic status (SES), gender, and ethnicity of middle school students. We recruited 5,990 students from 13 school districts across the state of Florida. Student participants completed the Student Tool for Technology Literacy (ST2L), a performance-based assessment of ICT literacy skills based on the 2008 National Educational Technology Standards for Students (NETS.S). Results show a digital divide between low and high SES, white and non-white, and female and male students on all measures of the ST2L. Specifically, high-SES, white, and female students outperformed their counterparts. The results provide compelling evidence of a digital divide within Florida schools. The article discusses the implications of the findings for practice and future research.
B3LYP Calculation of Deuterium Quadrupole Coupling Constants in Molecules

The B3LYP/6-31G(df,3p) model for the calculation of deuterium nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (nqcc's) is shown to yield results as accurate as calculations previously performed at the MP4 level of theory. For 25 molecules, ranging from HD and DF to pyridine and fluorobenzene, the rms difference between the B3LYP nqcc's and the experimental nqcc's is 3.2 kHz (2.7%). For benzene, our calculations suggest that the experimental chibb and chicc of S. Jans-Burli, M. Oldani, and A. Bauder, 1989. Mol. Phys., 68, 1111-1123) have been incorrectly assigned with respect to inertia axes and should be reversed. For borane carbonyl and nitric acid, it is shown that nqcc calculations using hydrogen bond lengths given by MP2/6-311 + G(d,p) optimizations in combination with the heavy atom experimental structures significantly improve agreement with the experimental nqcc's. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
Dynamic photorefractive optical memory.

We investigate an architectural approach to dynamic three-dimensional volume storage that circulates holograms between two photorefractive crystals. Introduction of an optical amplifier into the system increases the effective write–erase asymmetry of the crystals and permits the amplification of the recalled images. This memory architecture is experimentally shown to provide write–erase storage with robustness to multiple optical readouts.
Isolated intracerebral light chain deposition disease: novel imaging and pathologic findings☆

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a rare clinicopathologic entity first described in 1976 and is characterized by a monoclonal gammopathy resulting in nonamyloid immunoglobulin light chain tissue deposition. Only four cases of intracerebral LCDD have been previously reported, all in the setting of a known plasma cell dyscrasia or in the presence of local mature plasma cells. We present the first case of intracranial LCDD in the absence of a known plasma cell dyscrasia or local mature plasma cells.
Titan III propulsion system performance evaluation.

An acceleration- based procedure for accurate determination of propulsion system performance from flight daja is described in this paper. The procedure emplpys iteration techniques to achieve a weighted least-squares ("best") fit to all of the applicable flight data. In the application of the procedure to the USAF Titan III launch vehicle flight programs, several analysis problems were encountered including ^termination of propellant level sensor effective uncover time, ablative engine throat variations, instrumentation drift and bias errors, inaccurate subsystem mathematical models, and determination of outage and cutoff impulse for propellant depletion shutdowns. Methods of treating these problems are described which permit determination of performance-related results with high accuracy, often from poor-quality or substitute data. In contrast to pressure-based procedures which frequently generate errors exceeding 2%, the over-all process described usually achieves an accuracy within J% in the determination 'of thrust, specific impulse, and mixture ratio. These techniques which have evolved during the flight programs have permitted refinement of Titan III subsystem models, yielding significant improvements in vehicle flight prediction accuracies.
PSEUDOPOTENTIALS FOR NON-LINEAR EVOLUTION EQUATIONS IN 2+ 1 DIMENSIONS

Abstract In this paper the concept of pseudopotential is generalized to non-linear evolution equations in 2 + 1 dimensions. If the equations satisfied by the pseudopotential are of a Riccati-type in the x -variable, it is shown how to obtain both the generalized AKNS system and the auto-Backlund transformation for the corresponding non-linear evolution equation. Several examples are given: Kadomtsev-Petviashvili, modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili, (2 + 1 dim.)-Harry-Dym, and (2 + 1 dim.)-Sawada-Kotera equations.
Spatial-Spectral Holographic Interpretation of High Field NMR Imaging

The MR imaging equation can be derived from a 3D spatial-spectral holographic interpretation similar to that in quantum optics. It is shown that an NMR absorber can accomplish holographic characteristics such as storage and time-reversal.
Urban Ozone Plumes and Population Distribution by Income and Race: A Case Study of New York and Philadelphia

Who lives in the downwind areas of urban ozone plumes? Location theory suggests that the poor should disaproportionately populate the downwind area, while the rich are most likely to live outside urban ozone plumes. Dynamically, we would expect that the downwind area would become poorer over time because the rich would "vote with their feet" under the serious impacts of urban ozone plumes. However, the importance of urban ozone pollution could be discounted due to the public's risk perception. According to risk and air quality perception literature, one would expect that the public would likely perceive ozone air pollution as a relatively low risk, compared with other environmental risks and social concerns. Therefore, actual population distribution might not follow what location theory suggests. Who actually does live in the downwind areas of urban ozone plumes? The results from a case study of New York and Philadelphia show that the ozone downwind areas are currently populated by a considerably larger proportion of upper income households and whites than the source areas. Furthermore, the population dynamics data do not provide any evidence for the "vote with their feet" hypothesis. While these findings deviate from the hypotheses prescribed by location theory, they are consistent with what we could expect from theories of risk perception.
The GeoSail model: a simple addition to the SAIL model to describe discontinuous canopy reflectance

Abstract The scattering from arbitrarily inclined leaves (SAIL) model was combined with the Jasinski geometric model to simulate canopy spectral reflectance and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) for discontinuous canopies. This model is called the GeoSail model. Tree shapes are described by cylinders or cones distributed over a plane. Spectral reflectance and transmittance of trees are calculated from the SAIL model to determine the reflectance of the three components of the geometric model: illuminated canopy, illuminated background, and shadowed background. Although the GeoSail model is relatively simple, calculations of canopy reflectance and fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (fIPAR) compared well with measurements collected in field experiments in forests in Minnesota and Oregon.
Does Oil Wealth Hurt Women? A Reply to Caraway, Charrad, Kang, and Norris

I am grateful to the editors of Politics & Gender for organizing this exchange. I agree with many of the points raised by Teri Caraway, Mounira Charrad, and Alice Kang, but disagree sharply with Pippa Norris.
Gauge sensitivity indices and application for assessing vehicle body structural stiffness

Gauge sensitivity indices assess the structural performance of vehicle body architectures when subjected to changes in material thickness as a result of either same material re-gauging or material substitutions. This paper summarises the theory of gauge sensitivity indices and demonstrates the index results through a series of example cases with complex sections and different loading conditions. The results are consistent in showing that gauge sensitivity values are always greater than or equal to unity. It denotes that while low gauge sensitivity values imply a perfect structure with near-uniform internal load distribution, large values correspond to the progressive development of an internal load distribution that becomes increasingly non-uniform. The work concludes with validation case studies illustrating application of gauge sensitivity indices for assessing structural stiffness of a light-duty truck cab.
the social organization of space: class, cognition, and residence in a Spanish town

This paper examines the role of social class in the spatial ecology and cognitive culture of a Spanish farming town. It argues that the geographical orientations of the townsmen are a projection of a tripartite class model and that this projection reifies social cleavages, limits mobility, and intensifies cultural polarization in the community. The sociocultural and political implications of these findings for the general study of stratification are briefly discussed.
The rapid separation of trace metals from neutron-activated saline matrices by chelation on a poly-5-vinyl-8-hydroxyquinoline column

Instrumental neutron activation analysis of biological and environmental samples suffers from interferences caused by high salt concentrations. Poly-5-vinyl-8-hydroxy-quinoline coated on controlled pore diameter glass beads is suggested as a chelating column for the rapid removal of aluminum, vanadium, copper and manganese from neutron-activated sea-water samples. Separation from bulk elements is satisfactory at flow rates of 20 ml min−1. With addition of carriers and with chemical yield determinations, relative standard deviations of 2–10% can be achieved for spike concentrations of 0.1 μg Mn ml−1, 0.3 μg V ml−1, 20 μg Al ml−1 and 1.0 μg Cu ml−1.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Meningitis in the Absence of Genital Lesions: Improved Recognition with Use of the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is known to cause aseptic meningitis, which can be recurrent. The diagnosis of HSV-2 infection is suggested when meningitis occurs simultaneously with genital lesions but may be obscure if genital lesions are not present or are not appreciated. Viral culture of the CSF is sometimes positive, but it may also be negative, especially in cases of recurrent disease. We report three cases of HSV meningitis in young women who did not have a history of genital herpetic lesions and for whom genital lesions were not noted on presentation. With use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HSV DNA was detected in CSF from all three patients. The diagnosis of HSV meningitis was further confirmed by a positive culture of CSF in one patient's case and by demonstration of intrathecal synthesis of HSV antibodies in a second patient's case. The use of PCR can improve the recognition of HSV meningitis in adults presenting with aseptic meningitis, even in the absence of herpetic lesions.
Sucrose density gradient distribution of mitochondrial protein and enzymes from preclimacteric and climacteric pears.

Mitochondrial fractions isolated from pears ( Pyrus communis L.) at the climacteric minimum and peak were subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The distribution of protein and specific activities of 3 enzymes from this mitochondrial fraction were investigated. Cytochrome oxidase specific activity remained associated with the particulate fraction and increased slightly during the period in which respiration of the whole fruit reached its climacteric peak. Catalase and acid phosphatase specific activity was associated with both the particulate and the least dense region of the gradient and decreased with postharvest ripening. Evidence for several differences between the subcellular behavior of catalase and acid phosphatase from pear tissue compared to their counterparts isolated from mammalian cells is discussed. A general shift of maximum specific enzymic activities and protein distribution to lighter regions of the density gradient occurs with ripening, suggestive of diminution in size or density of intracellular particles.
The Effects of Leisure-Based Screen Time

Abstract Background: Use of television, computers, and video games competes with physical activity and may be a health risk factor. Purpose: This study assessed the relationship between leisure-based screen time and physical activity in families to determine whether assignment to a limited screen time group results in more physical activity. Methods: Ninety-four families participated for six weeks. Families were randomly assigned to unlimited or limited screen time viewing groups. Participants wore a pedometer to measure steps. Results: Results indicate no statistically significant differences in steps for adults (F(1,165)=0.81, p≤.369) or 13-to-18-year-olds (F(1,63)=0.21, p≤.647). Among the 5-to-12-year-olds, statistically significant group differences (F(1,165)=5.63, p≤.019) for steps were found between the unlimited viewing group and the limited viewing groups. Discussion: Lower amounts of leisure-based screen time yielded increased amounts of physical activity in the 5-to-12-year-olds, but this trend ...
Identification of a novel MAGE D2 antisense RNA transcript in human tissues.

Abstract Using cDNA microarray analysis, we identified a cDNA clone, DD74, from primary human bronchial epithelial cells, which exhibits increased expression in vitro after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid. This clone corresponded to MAGE D2 mRNA, a gene previously identified to be upregulated in several cancer tissues. Surprisingly, in situ hybridization of lung tissue demonstrated positive hybridization signals with sense, but not antisense, MAGE D2-specific cRNA probes. Examination of several cell lines by Northern blot hybridization confirmed significant expression of two RNA bands. With strand-specific riboprobes, we identified a 2.0 kb RNA transcript with the antisense probe as expected and identified a 4.1 kb transcript by the sense probe. Further sequence analysis of the 4.1 kb transcript revealed at least a 509 nucleotide sequence exactly complementary to the 2.0 kb MAGE D2 mRNA sequence. This MAGE D2i sequence contains unique structural features not shared with those of previously described antisense transcripts. Identification of this transcript potentially has important implications for future studies examining MAGE D2 expression patterns in cancer and normal tissues.
Semidefinite optimization for transient analysis of queues

We derive an upper bound on the tail distribution of the transient waiting time for the GI/GI/1 queue from a formulation of semidefinite programming (SDP). Our upper bounds are expressed in closed forms using the first two moments of the service time and the interarrival time. The upper bounds on the tail distributions are integrated to obtain the upper bounds on the corresponding expectations. We also extend the formulation of the SDP, using the higher moments of the service time and the interarrival time, and calculate upper bounds and lower bounds numerically.
The Duality of Crony Corruption in Economic Transition: Toward an Integrated Framework

In order to shed light on the issue of crony corruption in the context of economic transition, I focus on the puzzle of China’s unique experience of economic transition characterized by the duality forms and effects of crony corruption underlying local corporatism in a dual-track (i.e., market and political tracks) transition. I argue that the duality of local corporatism derives from the duality of crony corruption. First, the early form of local corporatism as state-business public alliance is embedded in informal crony corruption as positive for the purpose of wealth growth in the initial phase of economic transition with public and private interests aligned as compatible. Second, the later form of local corporatism as official-manager private collusion is embedded in quasi-formal crony corruption as negative for the purpose of wealth transfer in the later phase with public and private interests in conflict as incompatible. The duality of crony corruption in the two phases of economic transition is caused by the interplay between formal and informal factors and between economic and political factors. My contribution is twofold. First, I explain China’s transition in terms of crony corruption underlying local corporatism. Second, I develop an integrated framework of crony corruption concerning its content, process, antecedent and consequence.
Practical scalable consensus for pseudo-synchronous distributed systems

The ability to consistently handle faults in a distributed environment requires, among a small set of basic routines, an agreement algorithm allowing surviving entities to reach a consensual decision between a bounded set of volatile resources. This paper presents an algorithm that implements an Early Returning Agreement (ERA) in pseudo-synchronous systems, which optimistically allows a process to resume its activity while guaranteeing strong progress. We prove the correctness of our ERA algorithm, and expose its logarithmic behavior, which is an extremely desirable property for any algorithm which targets future exascale platforms. We detail a practical implementation of this consensus algorithm in the context of an MPI library, and evaluate both its efficiency and scalability through a set of benchmarks and two fault tolerant scientific applications.
Microprocessor-Controlled Target Polarization Monitor

The proton spin polarization of an ethylene glycol target is measured using a nuclear magnetic resonance system controlled by a DEC LSI-ll microprocessor. Programs to accomplish data acquisition and polarization computation are down-loaded via CAMAC from the host DEC 11/45 computer. After initialization, the Polarization Monitor operates autonomously but presents data to the host computer on demand.
Pierre Robin: a personal diary.

Abstract This personal diary of the birth and subsequent management of a child with Robin sequence secondary to Stickler syndrome is written by a mother who also has Stickler syndrome. Her discussion of the case illustrates the importance of reaching a primary diagnosis in order to deliver good patient care.
Technique of Aortic Translocation for the Management of Transposition of the Great Arteries with a Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Stenosis

In 1980, Bex and associates 1 first introduced the initial concept of aortic translocation for the surgical management of transposition of the great arteries (TGA). They proposed moving the aortic root together with the coronary arteries to the pulmonary position as a way to provide a true “anatomic correction” for simple TGA. In 1984, Nikaidoh 2 describedandpopularizedtheconceptofaortictranslocation forthemanagementofpatientswithTGA,aventricularseptal defect (VSD), and pulmonary stenosis (PS). When evaluating patients with TGA, VSD, and PS, it is important to delineate the anatomy of the left ventricular outflow tract, including the size of the pulmonary valve annulus, and the morphology of both the pulmonary valve and the left ventricular outflow tract. Left ventricular outflow obstruction is frequently secondary to posterior deviation of the outlet septum, which is not usually amenable to resection. Occasionally, there are patients with resectable lesions in the left ventricular outflow tract; they should be managed with an arterial switch operation and left ventricular outflow tract resection, rather than translocation. It is also important to document the presence of a straddling atrioventricular valve, which has been associated with TGA, VSD, and PS. The coronary anatomy should be documented, because there are some coronary patterns that can interfere with the repair.Theepicardialcourseofamajorcoronaryarterycould preclude the safe harvesting of the aortic root from the right ventriclebecauseofitsproximitytotheplaneofresection(for example, a right coronary artery originating from the left main). There are also some coronary patterns that can hinder the ability to safely move the aorta posteriorly into the pulmonary annulus (for example, a posterior intramural coronary artery course). Such coronary anatomy may not be amenable to coronary reimplantation in conjunction with aortic translocation. Our preferred age for complete repair is 6 months. How
An Improved L1 Based Algorithm for Standardized Planar Datum Establishment

This paper has two major goals. First, we present an algorithm for establishing planar datums suitable for a default in tolerancing standards. The algorithm is based on a constrained minimization search based on the L1 (L1) norm after forming a convex surface from the original surface or sampled points. We prove that the problem reduces to a simple minimization search between the convex surface and its centroid. The data points in the discrete case do not need to have any corresponding weights provided with them, as appropriate weighting is part of the algorithm itself, thereby making the algorithm largely insensitive to nonuniformly sampled data points. Terse Mathematica code is included for the reader. The code is sufficient for constrained and unconstrained planar fitting as well as a 3-2-1 datum reference frame generation. The second goal of this paper is to compare this new method with several other possible means for establishing datum planes, ultimately showing several appealing characteristics of the proposed algorithm. Since both the ISO and ASME standardization efforts are actively working to establish datum plane definitions, the timing of such a study is opportune.© 2014 ASME
Thermal oxidation of polyacetylene

Oxydation thermique de polyacetylene trans non dope dans l'air sec et principaux caracteres du mecanisme
A Randomized Trial of a Physical Conditioning Program to Enhance the Driving Performance of Older Persons

Background As the number of older drivers increases, concern has been raised about the potential safety implications. Flexibility, coordination, and speed of movement have been associated with older drivers’ on road performance.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF CHESTNUT-COLLARED LONGSPURS IN NATIVE AND EXOTIC GRASSLAND

Abstract Habitat loss and fragmentation have been identified as important factors in the decline of grassland bird populations. However, population declines are apparent even in prairie ecosystems that remain relatively intact suggesting that additional factors are involved. The degradation of breeding habitat may be one such factor, but few studies have examined habitat-specific demography of grassland birds, and thus little is known of how changes in breeding habitat may be related to population declines. We addressed this question by comparing reproductive success of Chestnut-collared Longspurs (Calcarius ornatus) in patches of native prairie and in monocultures of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), a grass introduced from Asia. Using recently developed methods for estimating nest survival rate, we found that, independent of habitat type, daily nest survival generally declined from egg laying to fledging. We also found a positive effect of clutch size on nest survival rate, which we interpreted ...
Educating Mental Health Professionals About Gay and Lesbian Issues

Despite the large number of clients with gay and lesbian concerns, many mental health professionals remain biased and unqualified to serve them. Mental health professionals are poorly prepared to deal with sexuality in general and with gay and lesbian issues specifically. Education and training about gay and lesbian topics is needed both in graduate schools and in the field. This training should focus on three components: (1) information about sexual orientation, gay and lesbian lifestyles, and community resources; (2) the interface between the gay or lesbian client, his or her sexuality, and the effects of living in a heterosexist and homophobic society; and (3) the interaction between the attitudes, feelings, and sexual orientation of the clinician and of the client.
Fetal alcohol exposure reduces serotonin innervation and compromises development of the forebrain along the serotonergic pathway.

Background: We reported previously that a moderate level of fetal alcohol treatment reduces the birth, maturation, and migration of serotonin (5-HT) neurons at embryonic days 11 to 15 (E11–E15). Because 5-HT is known as a differentiation signal for forebrain development, we investigated whether alcohol affects 5-HT innervation to the developing brain and how the target brain areas grow as they receive 5-HT innervation between E15 and E18. Methods: Pregnant dams were divided into three groups and treated from E7 to E15 or E18 with one of the following conditions: (1) liquid diet that contained 25% ethanol-derived calories (ALC), (2) isocaloric liquid diet pair-fed (PF), or (3) chow fed (Chow). The 5-HT immunostained (5-HT-IM) fibers and size of brain areas were examined as an index of growth along the ascending 5-HT pathway. Result: We found that 5-HT-IM fibers innervate the brain regions specifically under active differentiation and that there were three sets of correlated dysmorphology in the ALC group as compared with those of the PF and Chow groups. The three sets are as follows: (1) fewer 5-HT-IM fibers in the medial forebrain bundle and along the projecting pathway through the hypothalamus, septal nucleus, frontal and parietal cortices, and subiculum/hippocampus; (2) underdevelopment of the brain regions along 5-HT fiber projections; and (3) underdevelopment of somatosensory thalamocortical projections, which are known to transiently express 5-HT transporters and to be regulated by 5-HT. No such differences were found between the PF and Chow groups. Conclusion: We found that fewer 5-HT fibers grew in the embryos that were exposed to alcohol. As forebrain regions differentiated along the 5-HT projection, we found two reductions: (1) the growth of brain regions along 5-HT projection and (2) the growth of the thalamocortical sensory projection regulated by 5-HT. The reduced 5-HT innervation is in agreement with our previous observation of fewer 5-HT neurons. The subsequent retardation of forebrain growth and sensory thalamocortical fibers along the pathway of reduced 5-HT projection is consistent with the role of 5-HT as a signal for forebrain differentiation.
Evaluating the short- and long-term moisture transport phenomena in lightweight aggregate concretes

The primary descriptor of moisture transport in concretes is sorptivity, which represents the moisture intake through the capillary pores at early times. Although the effectiveness of this parameter in quantifying the near surface characteristics is well established, it is also necessary to consider the effect of long-term moisture transport through the smaller pores at later periods of time (diffusion) in order meaningfully to compare the durability of different mixtures and to arrive at more accurate indicators of service life. The present paper uses a combination of the exponential equation for sorption and a solution of Fick's second law for diffusion to estimate the moisture transport parameters in lightweight aggregate concretes. Lightweight aggregate concrete specimens are subjected to different pre-conditioning regimes before being subjected to moisture transport tests in order to understand the influence of moisture conditions on the transport parameters. A ‘saturation index’ is used to quantify ...
A Guide to Understanding and Evaluating Research Articles.

The number of research-oriented articles found in major gifted publications is increasing. Readers unfamiliar with data-based research might have difficulty understanding, evaluating, and making us...
Fumonisin contamination of the 1991 Indiana corn crop and its effects on horses.

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MOTHERS' ESTIMATES OF HEARING FAMILY MEMBERS' COMPETENCE IN SIGN LANGUAGE AND THE DEAF CHILD'S LONELINESS

This study examined the associations between mothers' estimates of both hearing family members' competence in sign language and their deaf child's loneliness. 32 mothers of children who functioned as deaf were asked to assess their hearing family members' competence in sign language and to complete the UCLA Loneliness Scale for an estimate of their deaf child's loneliness. Significant positive correlations were found among hearing family members' estimated competence in sign language; however, no significant correlations were found between hearing family members' estimated competence in sign language and their deaf child's estimated loneliness. These findings suggest that hearing members may contribute to each other's competence in sign language and may communicate with their deaf child through alternative methods rather than formal sign language.
Extended anti-inflammatory action of a degradation-resistant mutant of cell-penetrating suppressor of cytokine signaling 3.

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) regulates the proinflammatory cytokine signaling mediated by the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. SOCS3 is rapidly induced and then targeted to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway via a mechanism that requires the C-terminal SOCS box. Due to its rapid turnover, the intracellular stores of SOCS3 seem insufficient to control acute or protracted inflammatory diseases. Previously, we developed an intracellular protein therapy that uses a recombinant cell-penetrating form of SOCS3 (CP-SOCS3) to inhibit the JAK/STAT pathway and prevent cytokine-mediated lethal inflammation and apoptosis of the liver (Jo, D., Liu, D., Yao, S., Collins, R. D., and Hawiger, J. (2005) Nat. Med. 11, 892–898). The potent anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity of CP-SOCS3 prompted us to analyze its intracellular turnover, as compared with that of endogenous SOCS3 protein induced in macrophages by the proinflammatory agonists, interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide. We found that the half-life (t½) of endogenous SOCS3 is 0.7 h in activated macrophages, compared with a t½ of 6.2 h for recombinant CP-SOCS3. Deletion of the SOCS box in CP-SOCS3 renders it more resistant to proteasomal degradation, extending its t½ to 29 h. Consequently, this SOCS box-deleted form of CP-SOCS3 displays persistent inhibitory activity for 24 h toward interferon-γ- and lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine and chemokine production. Compared with the wild-type suppressor, this gain-of-function CP-SOCS3 mutant provides a longer acting inhibitor of cytokine signaling, a feature that offers a clear advantage for the intracellular delivery of proteins to treat acute or protracted inflammatory diseases.
Plenary Speech: Nanotechnology: Practical Systems and Integration with MEMS

There are strong research programs in nanotechnology related to chemical sensors, electromechanical devices, actuators, biosensors, and other nanodevices in leading laboratories across the world. In many cases, practical systems demand seamless integration of the nanodevice with higher order structures, for example, MEMS. Examples of this using carbon nanotube based chemical and biosensors will be presented. Opportunities using inorganic nanowires in the above applications will also be highlighted.
Seroprevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 in pregnant women.

Abstract Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of and risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 capsid antibodies in a large cohort of pregnant women. Methods: Antibodies against in vitro produced HPV-16 capsids were measured in stored sera from 2597 pregnant women enrolled from 1984 through 1989 in the Vaginal Infection and Prematurity Study, New Orleans site. Results: Women in this study were primarily black (83.4%) with a mean age of 23.4 years (standard deviation [SD], 5.1), mean number of sexual partners in lifetime was 3.3 (SD, 6.6), and the mean age at sexual debut was 16.7 years (SD, 2.2). Overall, 28.0% (n = 727) of these women were positive for HPV-16 capsid antibodies. In bivariate analysis, the presence of antibodies against HPV-16 was correlated with numerous demographic characteristics as well as history of various sexually transmitted diseases. However, neither current cervical or vaginal infection nor adverse obstetric outcome was associated with increased detection of HPV-16 antibodies. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, factors predictive of HPV-16 seropositivity were: more than five lifetime sexual partners (odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28, 2.52), 6 or more years of sexual activity (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.22, 2.78), level of education (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03, 1.55), and history of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.20, 1.96). Conclusion: HPV-16 seropositivity correlates with measures of sexual activity, confirming its role as a sexually transmitted disease, and its prevalence is similar to that in nonpregnant populations. HPV-16 seropositivity does not predict an adverse obstetric outcome.
The Fall, Freewill and Human Responsibility in Rabbinic Judaism

This paper is an attempt to follow up and expand on the following statement which I made in an earlier paper published in SJT: The Christian doctrine of original sin has no place within a rabbinic system which avoids the crucial difficulty in Christian theodicy — that of the creation of evil ex nihilo at the time of the Fall.In developing this statement I would like to sound a warning note to NT and patristic scholars who utilise rabbinic sources as background material for the study of early Christianity. It is often assumed that rabbinic texts, along with the literary remains of the other sorts of Judaism in existence in the first century A.D., can be used as a mine of material for illustrating the sort of beliefs with which the early Christians started out and against which they subsequently reacted. Thus, for example, to approach closer to the title of this paper, in considering the famous Pauline passage on the Fall (Rom. 5.12–21), it is customary for NT scholars to marshall all the evidence from the OT, the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and rabbinic Judaism to try and explain the origin of the Christian doctrine of the Fall and Original Sin. But all too often the rabbinic evidence is used rather indiscriminately without regard to the date of its origin or to the possibility that rabbinic views on these matters may have changed in the course of the centuries during which the Talmudic literature was evolving.
A cell-laden microfluidic hydrogel

The encapsulation of mammalian cells within the bulk material of microfluidic channels may be beneficial for applications ranging from tissue engineering to cell-based diagnostic assays. In this work, we present a technique for fabricating microfluidic channels from cell-laden agarose hydrogels. Using standard soft lithographic techniques, molten agarose was molded against a SU-8 patterned silicon wafer. To generate sealed and water-tight microfluidic channels, the surface of the molded agarose was heated at 71 °C for 3 s and sealed to another surface-heated slab of agarose. Channels of different dimensions were generated and it was shown that agarose, though highly porous, is a suitable material for performing microfluidics. Cells embedded within the microfluidic molds were well distributed and media pumped through the channels allowed the exchange of nutrients and waste products. While most cells were found to be viable upon initial device fabrication, only those cells near the microfluidic channels remained viable after 3 days, demonstrating the importance of a perfused network of microchannels for delivering nutrients and oxygen to maintain cell viability in large hydrogels. Further development of this technique may lead to the generation of biomimetic synthetic vasculature for tissue engineering, diagnostics, and drug screening applications.
Impact of cropping sequences and alternative hosts on take-all management of winter wheat in Arkansas.

Abstract Cultural practices are the principle means for managing take-all of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. This research identified cropping sequences that can be used to ma...
Robust multivariable dynamic surface control for position tracking of a bicycle

This paper considers position tracking control of a bicycle modeled as a four-state nonlinear dynamic system, with two inputs: the angular velocity of the handle bars and the forward velocity of the bicycle. The performance of a robust multivariable dynamic surface controller was compared to that of a multivariable controller using feedback linearization. In order to design both controllers, the matched four-state system was extended into a mismatched six-state system, with two inputs: the angular velocity of the handle bars and the jerk (second derivative of the forward velocity) of the bicycle. Integrating the jerk we approximate the necessary forward velocity input. We assume that the disturbances in the original channels are bounded, and we derive state-dependent disturbance bounds for the new channels. These bounds are used in the design of the dynamic surface controller. Both controllers perform well in the absence of disturbances. The dynamic surface controller is more robust when disturbances are introduced; however, a large control effort is required to reject the disturbances.
The quantitative relationship between electrochemical preoptic stimulation and LH release in proestrous versus late-diestrous rats.

The preovulatory surge of LH is thought to be governed in rats by a diffuse neural pathway from the medial preoptic area (mPOA) to the medial basal tuber. Previous indirect evidence indicated that when part of this system is activated by electrochemical stimulation the amount of LH released depends on the span of the irritative lesion. The present investigation contributes substantiating evidence by radioimmunoassay of serum LH. In both the Osborne- Mendel (O-M) and Charles River CD strains, 4-day cyclic rats in proestrus and 5-day cyclic rats on diestrus day 3 (D-3), under pentobarbital during the midafternoon, were subjected to large or small unilateral stimuli from continuous anodic current through stainless steel electrodes. In the O-M rats, sequential 0.5 ml blood samples were taken via iv cannulas before and at measured intervals after stimulation. With the exception of a control group of 4-day cyclers bled sequentially on the proestrus afternoon to evaluate the normal LH surge, CD rats were bled on...
Role of implantable pacemakers in control of recurrent ventricular tachycardia.

Abstract Implanted pacemakers can provide a viable alternative to pharmacologic therapy or surgical management of patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. An increasing variety of pacemaker techniques are proving useful for preventing, controlling the effective rate of or terminating ventricular tachycardia. To assess the role of permanent pacing in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia, a consecutive series of 160 patients undergoing electrophyslologic testing for recurrent ventricular tachycardia were analyzed. Thirty-nine patients received implantable pacemakers, of which 13 were intended for bursts of rapid ventricular pacing. No adverse responses were attributed to these burst pacemakers, but concern for possible acceleration of tachycardia and appropriate identification of the arrhythmia were among factors limiting more widespread use of antitachycardia pacing. Some of these limitations may be resolved with further advances in electrophysiologic understanding of arrhythmias combined with strides in medical electronics, which will permit the development of new generations of highly sophisticated antitachycardia pacemakers.
Analysis of a replicated data base

Abstract In this paper we study the performance characteristics of a replicated data base under two different updating policies. In the synchronous case requests for any replications of the data base can be processed only if no copies of data base are being updated due to a previous write request, whereas in the non-synchronous case read requests are allowed to be processed at any time if there is a free data base copy. We formulate a queueing theoretic model of the system assuming a Poisson arrival process for both read and write requests. This model is then solved using the matrix geometric solution method and the relevant performance metrics are derived and analyzed.