cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ‘freshman 15’: Trends and predictors in a sample of multiethnic men and women

This study focused on predictors of the 'freshman 15' phenomenon among university students. Participants (N=390) included men and women who identified as African American (32%), Latino American (27%), and European American (41%). Students gained on average 3.2 lbs and 0.5 in BMI from their first through third semesters. Changes in weight and BMI did not differ by gender or racial/ethnic group. Students with lower Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores were more likely to experience the 'freshman 15'. Results suggest that universities should work with students who may be underprepared for college in order to minimize weight gain.
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose sustained release technology

AbstractThe use of polymers in controlling the release of drugs has become important in the formulation of pharmaceuticals. Watersoluble polymers such as polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone may be used to increase the dissolution rates of poorly soluble drugs (Ford)1 and slowly soluble, biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid may be used for controlled release implants (Rak et a1.2), Hydrogels provide the basis for implantation, transdermal and oral-controlled release systems. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) are cellulose ethers which may be used as the basic for hydrophilic matrices for controlled release oral delivery.In tablet matrix systems the tablet is in the form of compressed compact containing an active ingredient, lubricant, excipient, filler or binder. The matrix may be tabletted from wet-massed granules or by direct compression.This review article examines a previously published series of work and concentrates on the following aspects of the subject; the relationship betwee...
Why Americans Don’t Trust the Media: A Preliminary Analysis

An alarming number of Americans no longer trust the media to report the news fairly—a serious problem in a democracy that depends so much on news organizations to inform its citizens. As a first st...
A new video technique to capture images generated by a smoke-wire

The most advantageous feature of this setup is the real time viewing capability of the captured image. Not only does this allow the user to immediately modify the recording system's parameters, but major changes in the flow characteristics themselves can be adapted and appreciated immediately. The captured image can then be photographed, hard-copied, or stored on video tape, video disk, or other archiving system for later analysis. The technique is not limited to the capture of smoke-streak images alone, it can be used to freeze other high speed visual events as well.
Biophysical and Structural Characterization of Polyethylenimine-Mediated siRNA Delivery in Vitro

The goals of this study were as follows: 1) to evaluate the efficacy of different polyethylenimine (PEI) structures for siRNA delivery in a model system, and 2) to determine the biophysical and structural characteristics of PEI that relate to siRNA delivery. Biophysical characterization (effective diameter and zeta potential), cytotoxicities, relative binding affinities and in vitro transfection efficiencies were determined using nanocomplexes formed from PEI's of 800, 25,000, (both branched) and 22,000 (linear) molecular weights at varying N:P ratios and siRNA concentrations. The HR5-CL11 cell line stably expressing luciferase was used as a model system in vitro. Successful siRNA delivery was observed within a very narrow window of conditions, and only with the 25,000 branched PEI at an N:P ratio of 6:1 and 8:1 and with 200 nM siRNA. While the zeta potential and size of PEI:siRNA complexes correlated to transfection efficacy in some cases, complex stability may also affect transfection efficacy. The ability of PEI to transfer functionally active siRNA to cells in culture is surprisingly dependent on its biophysical and structural characteristics when compared to its relative success and ease of use for DNA delivery.
Mitochondrial Dna Divergence among Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) Biotypes

Relationships among greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), biotypes B, C, E, and F were examined by comparison of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction patterns. MtDNA was isolated from isofemale lineages, and the restriction fragments produced by 10 restriction endonucleases were end-labeled with 32P-nucleoside triphosphates by the large fragment of E. coli polymerase I. Restriction digests were electrophoretically separated on 20-cm agarose gels and visualized by autoradiography. Estimates of nucleotide sequence divergence were calculated. For biotype comparison B versus C and B versus E, the total proportion of shared fragments (F) was 0.73 and 0.77, respectively. Corresponding estimates of nucleotide sequence divergence were 1.2% and 1.0% estimates indicate a long period of time since these biotypes shared a common ancestral mitochondrial genome. The mitochondrial genomes of C and E shared a greater proportion of fragments ( F = 0.96), with an estimated 0.17% sequence divergence. The mitochondrial data support previous conclusions about genetic divergence among biotypes B, C, and E drawn from chromosome-length measurements and multivariate analyses of alate males and females.
The question of bidirectional associations in pigeons’ learning of conditional discrimination tasks

Three transfer-of-learning experiments were conducted to determine whether the associations or rules learned by pigeons in a conditional discrimination are bidirectional. Statistically significant evidence for bidirectionality was obtained in two of the experiments.
Effect of Oxygen on Thermal Degradation of 5-Methyl-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic Acid

Previous studies of thermal degradation of folic acid have not given consistent rate expressions or activation energies. The present study employed a model system which eliminated oxygen mass transfer limitations to examine degradation as a result of heating. A pseudo first-order reaction rate constant (k365 degrees K) and an activation energy (Ea) for thermal degradation due to an oxidative mechanism were estimated to be 0.154 +/- 0.044 min-1 and 16.3 kcal/mol, respectively. In the presence of N2, these parameters were estimated to be 0.094 +/- 0.009 min-1 and 23.3 kcal/mol, respectively. While elimination of oxygen will not ensure folic acid retention, the overall degradation rate will be reduced significantly.
Two Histone/Protein Acetyltransferases, CBP and p300, Are Indispensable for Foxp3+ T-Regulatory Cell Development and Function

T-regulatory (Treg) cells are important to immune homeostasis, and Treg cell deficiency or dysfunction leads to autoimmune disease. A histone/protein acetyltransferase (HAT), p300, was recently found to be important for Treg function and stability, but further insights into the mechanisms by which p300 or other HATs affect Treg biology are needed. Here we show that CBP, a p300 paralog, is also important in controlling Treg function and stability. Thus, while mice with Treg-specific deletion of CBP or p300 developed minimal autoimmune disease, the combined deletion of CBP and p300 led to fatal autoimmunity by 3 to 4 weeks of age. The effects of CBP and p300 deletion on Treg development are dose dependent and involve multiple mechanisms. CBP and p300 cooperate with several key Treg transcription factors that act on the Foxp3 promoter to promote Foxp3 production. CBP and p300 also act on the Foxp3 conserved noncoding sequence 2 (CNS2) region to maintain Treg stability in inflammatory environments by regulating pCREB function and GATA3 expression, respectively. Lastly, CBP and p300 regulate the epigenetic status and function of Foxp3. Our findings provide insights into how HATs orchestrate multiple aspects of Treg development and function and identify overlapping but also discrete activities for p300 and CBP in control of Treg cells.
Accessibility and Attitudes: Comment on Lau (2006)

Lau (2006) offers a viable approach toward cultural adaptation of evidence-based treatments. Progress in the development of culturally relevant interventions, however, has been slow. In this commentary, I consider reasons for this slow progress, including accessibility for diverse groups and clinical psychologists’ attitudes. The limited representation of diverse groups in research samples and in the psychology workforce may be a result of limited funding for diversification. Another reason for the lack of diversification may be psychologists’ resistant attitudes. Lau (2006) has created a road map to diversify clinical psychology science and practice, and it is our responsibility as individuals and a field to use this road map to diversify clinical psychology.
Micro-thermomechanical properties of heterogeneous polymer films

We studied the surface distribution of the adhesive forces and elastic moduli for heterogeneous polymer films. Micromechanical properties of polysterene/polybutadyene (PS/PB) thin films were probed by scanning probe microscopy in a range of temperatures, from room temperature to above the glass transition of the PS matrix. We demonstrated that for heterogeneous composite films fabricated from polymer blends, the micromapping of surface properties can be obtained concurrently for glassy and rubber phases as well as across the interface with a lateral resolution better than 100 nm. Histograms of the surface distribution display two very distinctive maxima, which allows concurrent measurements of micromechanical properties of glassy and rubber phases. Depth profile measurements demonstrate the gradual increase of the rubber phase thickness with an increasing distance from the PS/PB interface. Glass transition temperature of the glassy matrix and the flow temperature of the rubber phase can be detected by this technique, and both temperatures are close to the known bulk values.
Mentally ill foragers and beggars in a peasant society: Their social networks and psychopathology

In this study of psychotic persons in a peasant society, there was a significant attrition in important social network structure after the onset of psychosis. The difficulties involved in providing non-reciprocal social support is noted, yet modest social support of functions may be critical.
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Hysteresis Offsets from Polarization Graded Ferroelectric Materials

Polarization graded ferroelectrics exhibit unconventional electrical properties that are not usually observed from homogenous ferroelectrics. Systematic spatial variations in the polarization in a ferroelectric material can be achieved by composition, temperature, and stress gradients; resulting in the displacement of the polarization vs. electric field hysteresis curve along the polarization axis. In this paper, this unusual phenomenon of hysteresis offset has been examined in BaTiO3 and BaxSr1-xTiO3 material systems using a Landau-Ginzburg phenomenological model for the first time. It is shown that the spatial non-uniformities can give rise to non-uniformities in polarization with corresponding spatial variations. This non-uniform polarization results in asymmetrical hysteresis with “up” or “down” charge offsets which are strongly dependent upon the magnitude and direction of the temperature, composition and stress gradients for three graded ferroelectrics.
Mentoring: A model for cultivating leadership competencies in Kenyan women religious

Encouraging leadership development in African women religious is an essential strategy to build their confidence to take on leadership positions and execute decisions efficiently in their organizations. Using twelve Kenyan women religious participants of a three-year, Hilton Foundation-supported Sisters Leadership Development Initiative (SLDI) program, this qualitative case study examines the role of mentoring as a strategy to propagate meaningful leadership competencies and transfer of knowledge and skills to the trainees’ ministries and communities. Also, the study assesses the best instructional practices used to deliver instruction to facilitate transfer of skills to the trainees’ workplaces. The design of the study was drawn from the diffusion of innovation theory (Rogers, 2003). Methodology consisted of on-site, in-depth interviews and field observations of the skills trainees practiced in their ministries. Findings indicate that mentoring is a fundamental strategy that cultivated both career functions, to carry on leadership duties efficiently, and psychosocial support to improve work performance in mentors and mentees. The mentorship relationship generated a new level of discourse in their ministerial management; they became agents of change, and increased their self-efficacy and personal and professional growth. Using both international and local faculty enhanced instruction and multiple leadership perspectives. The study confirms that on-the-job mentoring programs can be a strategy to encourage women in Kenya to take on leadership positions and can build confidence, self-efficacy and a capacity to respond to complex organizational challenges.
Apparent layering in common-midpoint stacked images of two-dimensionally heterogeneous targets

Model studies with finite‐difference synthetic data demonstrate a fundamental spatial bias in the appearance of common‐midpoint (CMP) stacked images. The CMP stack of data recorded over a target having 2-D random variations in velocity shows numerous short reflection segments; similar reflection patterns in field data are often interpreted in terms of 1-D fine‐scale layering. The stacked image appears layered because of enhanced lateral continuity attributable to the well‐known dip filter of the stacking process. The stack filter can be characterized using the formulation of Bolondi et al. (1982). Lateral correlation in the target and its seismic image is quantified with a measure based on the spectral coefficient of coherence. Broadband primary reflectivity (defined as the vertical‐incidence, primaries‐only reflection coefficients of the 2-D target) is often taken as an ideal seismic image. The primary reflectivity section of a 2-D random target, however, shows greater apparent lateral correlation than i...
The development of a client/server architecture for standardized medical application network services

Recently, there has been a great demand for distributed medical imaging systems to share information among medical institutions in an interoperable fashion. Connectivity between medical institutions requires sharing complete protocols defined by standards. The "DICOM" standard is evolving to define the communication messages and application services between two medical applications. We specify and design the client and server behaviour of the Upper Layer service of the DICOM standard using an object oriented pattern language. The hierarchy principle of statechart is used to facilitate the comprehensibility of the standard by providing a visual formalism for the specification. The specification distinguishes the behaviour of the Upper Layer services as a client or a server. A high level structure of the client/server is illustrated using a collaboration diagram for an association establishment scenario. Finally, a statechart object oriented pattern language is used to translate the specification into design, and a class diagram for the server is presented in UML notation.
Flexural Waves in Beams

A beam is a long slender member designed to support lateral loads. In doing so, the displacement is predominantly transverse to the centerline, and internal shear forces and bending moments are generated. The dynamic behavior of beams is called flexural motion.
Ischemia reperfusion injury, KATP channels, and exercise-induced cardioprotection against apoptosis

Exercise is a potent stimulus against cardiac ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, although the protective mechanisms are not completely understood. The study purpose was to examine whether the mitochondrial or sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mito K(ATP) or sarc K(ATP), respectively) mediates exercise-induced cardioprotection against post-IR cell death and apoptosis. Eighty-six, 4-mo-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to treadmill exercise (Ex; 30 m/min, 3 days, 60 min, ∼70 maximal oxygen uptake) and sedentary (Sed) treatments. Rats were exposed to regional cardiac ischemia (50 min) and reperfusion (120 min) or Sham (170 min; no ligation) surgeries. Exercise subgroups received placebo (saline), 5-hydroxydecanoate (5HD; 10 mg/kg ip), or HMR1098 (10 mg/kg ip) to inhibit mito K(ATP) or sarc K(ATP) channel. Comprehensive outcome assessments included post-IR ECG arrhythmias, cardiac tissue necrosis, redox perturbations, and autophagy biomarkers. No arrhythmia differences existed between exercised and sedentary hearts following extended-duration IR (P < 0.05). The sarc K(ATP) channel was confirmed essential (P = 0.002) for prevention of antinecrotic tissue death with exercise (percent infarct, Sed = 42%; Ex = 20%; Ex5HD = 16%; ExHMR = 42%), although neither the mito K(ATP) (P = 0.177) nor sarc K(ATP) (P = 0.274) channel provided post-IR protection against apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxy UTP-mediated nick-end labeling-positive nuclei/mm(2), Sham = 1.8 ± 0.5; Sed = 19.4 ± 6.7; Ex = 7.5 ± 4.6; Ex5HD = 14.0 ± 3.9; ExHMR = 11.1 ± 1.8). Exercise preconditioning also appears to preserve basal autophagy levels, as assessed by Beclin 1 (P ≤ 0.001), microtubule-associated protein-1 light-chain 3B ratios (P = 0.020), and P62 (P ≤ 0.001), in the hours immediately following IR. Further research is needed to better understand these findings and corresponding redox changes in exercised hearts.
Acute effect of anterior temporal lobectomy on musical processing.

Patients with intractable epilepsy treated by anterior temporal lobectomy (Right, RT, n=12; Left, LT, n=9) and healthy controls (n=12) with no musical training were prospectively evaluated with a standardized battery, including the Musical Aptitude Profile and the Seashore Tonal Memory test. Before surgery, patients performed below controls (P<0.001), but there were no differences between RT and LT patients. After resection (2 weeks), RT patients showed a differential decline on tasks measuring perception of meter (P=0.005) and tempo (P=0.008) but not tonal processes. LT, and controls studied at the same time interval, showed no decline. The results support the role of the right hemisphere in specific aspects of musical processing.
An Experimental Investigation of Pulsatile Laminar Flow Separation in Exponentially Diverging Tubes

Since the turn of the century, when Ludwig Prandtl formulated the theoretical concept of the boundary layer, the phenomenon of boundary layer or flow separation has been associated mostly with trouble, i.e., energy losses, reverse flow, vortex formation, wakes, stalling, increased drag, decreased lift, wall scouring effects, etc. One of the more serious problems with which flow separation has been associated in recent years is cardiovascular disease. There is an ever increasing abundance of evidence which suggests indirectly that the pathogenesis, localization and/or aggravation of certain forms of cardiovascular disease may be related to the incidence, persistence and consequences of internal, unsteady, laminar-flow separation. This very same evidence, because of its indirect speculative nature, has also brought to light an area of fluid mechanics that has hitherto been conspicuously neglected.
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily, and the Court's Rejection of Special Press Rights

This brief Article discusses the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Zurcher v. Stanford Daily in particular, and the press’ First and Fourth Amendment rights vis a vis government searches of newsrooms in general.
The Blues in Future American Literary Histories and Anthologies

A few years ago I was playing harmonica with Albert Washington's musical revue at a Black joint in Cincinnati. A female impersonator, a dancer, was part of the revue, and nearly always had trouble with hecklers as she performed her fire dance. One night Big Ed Thompson had just finished picking saxophonist Jimmy Forrest's "Night Train" on his guitar and swung into "Caravan," and Connie was doing her dance, stealing fire from the scratched end of a kitchen match, sweeping the fire up and down her arms and legs with a torch, balancing the flame on the tip of the rigid tongue extending from her upturned head, when a man roared out over his beer breath that Connie wouldn't burn because she
Digitally Assisted Built-In Tuning Using Hamming Distance Proportional Signatures in RF Circuits

In this paper, a novel built-in tuning technique to compensate for process variability-induced imperfections in RF circuits is proposed. The yield improvement methodology proposed is a generic and self-contained tuning method that does not require a digital signal processor as in prior software-based methods or the use of a tester. The technique uses digital logic that can be synthesized on-chip along with the analog/RF tuning circuitry to performing self-tuning. An optimized digital bitstream (stimulus) is used to stimulate the RF device, and the response of the device is downconverted to the low-frequency domain using a sensor. The resulting signal is mapped to a digital signature, in such a way that the Hamming distance between the observed and the reference signatures represents the degree by which the device specifications differ from the nominal specifications. A logic-driven algorithm is used to minimize this Hamming distance to optimize multiple RF specifications concurrently. The presented methodology incurs minimal area overhead, and the tuning time is in the order of milliseconds. Results obtained by tuning the power amplifier of a 2.4-GHz transmitter show up to 16% yield improvement. To validate the proposed yield improvement concept on hardware, results obtained from experimentation on an industrial transmitter are presented.
Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone during the bovine estrous cycle.

Summary A specific radioimmunoassay for bovine follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH) has been developed using rabbit antiserum to ovine FSH and radioiodinated human FSH. Employing this radioimmunoassay, as little as 3 ng of FSH can be quantified. Inhibition curves obtained with bovine serum, crude pituitary extract and other partially purified bovine pituitary preparations containing FSH were parallel to those obtained with the bFSH standard preparation. FSH estimates obtained by radioimmunoassay in preparations containing varying amounts of FSH, LH, TSH, GH and prolactin were in good agreement with the values obtained by bioassay. Exogenous bFSH could be quantitatively recovered from 200 ul of serum suggesting that serum components per se did not interfere with the radioimmunoassay. serum concentrations of FSH (in equivalents of NIH-FSH-S1) were: normal males, 76+ 5 ng/ml; castrated males 102 -+ 2 ng/ml; females in follicular or luteal phase 66 + 8 ng/ml and estrus females 78 +- 8 ng/ml. When serum samples were collected at daily intervals, there was a trend for FSH levels to be elevated on the day of estrus, however, this elevation was not significant. However, a significant increase in FSH concentrations was noted coincident to the LH peak when samples were collected at 2-hr. intervals around estrus. Following the injection of 250 ~ug of gonadotropin releasing
Regional blood flow in canine atria during exercise

Global and regional atrial blood flow was measured with radioisotope-labeled microspheres in eight dogs during rest and two levels of exercise. Both mean right and left atrial blood flow increased ...
Analysis of the articular cartilage T1ρ and T2 relaxation times changes after ACL reconstruction in injured and contralateral knees and relationships with bone shape.

The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to evaluate the longitudinal change in cartilage T1ρ and T2 6- and 12-months after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in both reconstructed and intact contralateral knees with the aim of validating the role of the contralateral knee as an internal control in longitudinal studies; (2) to explore relationships between bone shape at the time of injury and the progression of T1ρ and T2 over 12-months after ACLR. T1ρ and T2 cartilage relaxation times and 3D MRI-based statistical shape modeling (SSM) of tibia and femur were computed for both knees of forty ACL-injured patients and 15 healthy controls. ACL subjects were scanned 8.4 ± 6.4 weeks after injury (2.4 ± 3.7 weeks prior to ACLR), 6- and 12-months after ACLR. Longitudinal changes in T1ρ and T2 values were assessed using linear mixed model, and partial correlation coefficients were calculated between bone shape and longitudinal changes in T1ρ and T2 values. Significant longitudinal increases in T1ρ and T2 values were observed in reconstructed and contralateral knees 6-months after ACLR. Tibial bone shape features, associated with the medial plateau height and width, were observed to be correlated with cartilage T1ρ and T2 progression in reconstructed knees. Our results suggest that caution should be used in considering contralateral knee as internal controls in longitudinal ACL studies and 3D MRI-based-SSM might serve as an imaging biomarker for the early stratification of patients at risk for developing post-traumatic accelerated cartilage degeneration and potentially osteoarthritis after ACL tear. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:707-717, 2017.
Multiparametric Analysis of Oncology Drug Screening with Aqueous Two-Phase Tumor Spheroids.

Spheroids present a biologically relevant three-dimensional model of avascular tumors and a unique tool for discovery of anticancer drugs. Despite being used in research laboratories for several decades, spheroids are not routinely used in the mainstream drug discovery pipeline primarily due to the difficulty of mass-producing uniformly sized spheroids and intense labor involved in handling, drug treatment, and analyzing spheroids. We overcome this barrier using a polymeric aqueous two-phase microtechnology to robotically microprint spheroids of well-defined size in standard 384-microwell plates. We use different cancer cells and show that resulting spheroids grow over time and display characteristic features of solid tumors. We demonstrate the feasibility of robotic, high-throughput screening of 25 standard chemotherapeutics and molecular inhibitors against tumor spheroids of three different cancer cell lines. This screening uses over 7000 spheroids to elicit high quality dose-dependent drug responses fr...
Simultaneous determination of position and mass of a particle by the vibration of a diaphragm-based nanomechanical resonator

We present a theoretical analysis of the vibration of a suspended circular diaphragm resonator with a particle at an arbitrary location when considering the effects of plate stiffness and membrane tension in the diaphragm. The analytical expression relating position and mass of a particle attached on a stretched diaphragm with varying residual stress to the resulting shifts in diaphragm resonant frequency is derived. It has been shown that the particle position and mass for the diaphragm configuration can be unambiguously resolved by combining resonant frequencies of the first three consecutive symmetric vibration modes. This finding is verified numerically in finite element modeling using a freestanding circular diaphragm with and without an added particle, and it proves that the method resolves the particle position and mass with high accuracy.
Optimal allocation of SCIG and DFIG based distributed generation considering load uncertainty and line outage: A comparative study

Voltage Stability is one of the factors considered in determining the reliability and efficiency of the operation of the power grid. Unstable voltage variation and voltage collapse can be caused by variation of demand and line outage which might lead to shortage of active and reactive power. Integration of distributed generation (DG) in power systems to improve voltage stability is a commonly used method in the operation of power networks. For efficient utilization of DGs, the investigation of optimal allocation of grid connected DG units is vital research challenge to evaluate the impact of DG on the grid voltage stability. This paper presents a comparative study of the optimal placement for squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) and doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based distributed generators with an objective function of enhancing voltage profile. The probabilistic load flow that accounts for load variation has been considered. In addition, the impact of line outage on the system voltage is tackled in the study.
Spherical FSO receivers for UAV communication: geometric coverage models

We present several analytical models to calculate the intersection surface of a spherical cap with a solid cone where either one of them is experiencing perturbations in its attitude. These models are developed to quantitatively analyze the mutual alignment, and thus performance, of mobile free-space optical (FSO) communication nodes used in air-to-ground and ground-to-air FSO links. Same models can be also applied to various geometrical alignment problems in the presence of instability. Examples include coverage area of imaging, radar, and optical communication satellites while orbiting unstable orbits. These models provide a closed-form direct mapping between platform dynamics and FSO link performance facilitating a priori performance prediction and easing feedback requirements in real-time tracking systems.
Commentary on “Measurement and correlation of solubility of 1,3,5-trioxane in binary solvents from (288.15 to 328.15) K”

Abstract Combined Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent/Redlich-Kister (CNIBS/R-K) equations reported by Li and coworkers [J. Mol. Liq. 234 (2017) 469–480] for calculating the solubility of 1,3,5-trioxane in four binary aqueous-organic solvent mixtures do not describe the solute's observed solubility in the water mono-solvent. Failure of the published CNIBS/R-K expressions result because the authors did not measure the aqueous solubility of 1,3,5-trioxane. No aqueous solubility data were included in the regression analyses used in determining the numerical values of the equation coefficients. New CNIBS/R-K equations are derived by combining the measured solubility determined by Li and coworkers with previously published solubility data for 1,3,5-trioxane in water taken from the chemical literature.
Fundamental transport mechanisms, fabrication and potential applications of nanoporous atomically thin membranes

Graphene and other two-dimensional materials offer a new approach to controlling mass transport at the nanoscale. These materials can sustain nanoscale pores in their rigid lattices and due to their minimum possible material thickness, high mechanical strength and chemical robustness, they could be used to address persistent challenges in membrane separations. Here we discuss theoretical and experimental developments in the emerging field of nanoporous atomically thin membranes, focusing on the fundamental mechanisms of gas- and liquid-phase transport, membrane fabrication techniques and advances towards practical application. We highlight potential functional characteristics of the membranes and discuss applications where they are expected to offer advantages. Finally, we outline the major scientific questions and technological challenges that need to be addressed to bridge the gap from theoretical simulations and proof-of-concept experiments to real-world applications.
Kimism in Sŏn’gun Korea: The Third Generation of the Kim Dynasty

North Korea is considered the world’s most autocratic country. Established in 1948, the DPRK is now governed by the third generation of the Kim family regime. Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un have utilized institutions and ideology to consolidate power. Each period of power consolidation has been marked by extensive purges and the reduction of the winning coalition. Repression is exercised through the ruling party, the military, the state, and mass organizations, which have prevented the development of civil society. State projects, particularly the nuclear program, reward the winning coalition but result in poor governance and opportunity costs borne by the North Korean people.
Voluntary and Involuntary Hospitalization

This chapter begins by reviewing a scenario commonly encountered in emergency rooms across the United States: what to do when a patient agrees to voluntary psychiatric admission but lacks the capacity to make this decision. The landmark US Supreme Court case Zinermon v. Burch is used to guide this discussion. In brief, Mr. Burch was allowed to admit himself to the hospital voluntarily, even though the mental health staff knew that he believed he was signing into “heaven.” Mr. Burch later sued the hospital and treatment staff, claiming he had been deprived of liberty without adequate due process. The US Supreme Court agreed with Mr. Burch, finding that his Constitutional rights were violated because he was detained in the hospital based on voluntary admission paperwork that he was incompetent to sign; in short, patients must give informed consent for voluntary hospitalization. However, this was not always the case. This chapter briefly discusses the complicated historical interface of psychiatry and involuntary hospitalizations, as well as the resulting complex framework of legal (e.g., parens patriae, police powers) and ethical (e.g., beneficence) justifications for involuntary hospitalization, which must be balanced against patients’ rights to make their own medical decisions and remain free from confinement. Views of both patients and physicians, as well as outcomes, are subsequently discussed, with a final suggestion that, when in doubt, psychiatrists should proceed with caution, using involuntary hospitalization protocols to ensure that the patient’s due process rights are adequately protected.
A comparative study of the determinants of future plans and expectations of business students

Current university juniors and seniors have plans and expectations for after they graduate. In an effort to better understand these plans and expectations, the authors assessed a sample of 334 univ...
A construção da experiência perceptiva: o que isso quer dizer?

Classical constructivists such as Rock and Hoffman contend that the processes of perception are intelligent and construct perceptual experience by going beyond the stimulus information or by creating a percept that deviates from the physical properties of the object. On these terms, Gibson’s theory of perception is anti-constructivist. After reviewing classical constructivism, this article maintains, first, that the phenomenology of visual space shows a deviation from physical spatial properties, by being contracted in depth, even under fullcue conditions, a fact that makes trouble for Gibson’s version of direct realism. Second, independently of the first argument, it contends that perception is pervasively constructed in the sense that stimulus information must be transformed to yield perception. Accordingly, perception is radically constructed in its very bones.
The Sum-the-Odds Theorem with Application to a Stopping Game of Sakaguchi

The optimal stopping problem of maximizing the probability of stopping on the last success of a finite sequence of independent Bernoulli trials has been studied by Hill and Krengel (1992), Hsiau and Yang (2000) and Bruss (2000). The optimal stopping rule of Bruss stops when the sum of the odds of future successes is less than one. This Sum-the-Odds Theorem is extended in several ways. First, an infinite number of Bernoulli trials is allowed. Second, the payoff for not stopping is allowed to be different from the payoff of stopping on a success that is not the last success. Third, the Bernoulli variables are allowed to be dependent. Fourth, the model is generalized to allow at each stage other dependent random variables to be observed that may influence the assessment of the probability of success at future stages. Finally, application is made to a game of Sakaguchi (1984) in which two players vie for predicting the last success, but in which one of the players is given priority of acting first.
NATURAL CARATHÉODORY CONDITIONS FOR LINEAR RETARDED EQUATIONS

We consider the “initial-value problem” u + Mu = r (for t ≧ a) and u agrees with v for t ≦ a, where a ɛ R is given, the solution u and the given function v are continuous functions from R to a Banach space,E, r is a given locally integrable function from R to E, and the “memory” M maps continuous functions from R to E linearly into locally integrable ones in such a way that if t ɛ R and u1, u2 agree on] -∞, t], then so do Mu1, Mu2. Under a mild and very local boundedness condition on M, strong existence and uniqueness results hold. A reasonable “global” condition on M ensures exponential bounds for the growth of solution So If, in addition, E is finite dimensional and the memory is uniformly limited in its recall to a delay of 1, then the transition operators for time lapses not less than 1 are compact. The assumptions are effectively less restrictive than those usually imposed, even for timeindependent memories and one-dimensional E.
Developing a Geometric Deformable Model for Radar Shape Inversion

In this paper, we develop a radar-based dense scene reconstruction model that extracts shape information embedded in the radar return signal. Our method uses a deformable shape evolution approach which seeks to match the received signal to a computed forward model based on the evolving shape. This allows us to directly incorporate geometric considerations of the shape into the problem formulation, such as smoothness and self-occlusions. Iterations start with an initial shape which is gradually deformed until its image under the forward model gets sufficiently close to the actual measured signal. For this purpose, we employ the technique of stretch processing to extract geometric properties of the shape from radar return signal. This yields a smooth and purely geometric cost functional by which shape inversion can be robustly performed via gradient-based minimization algorithms. Synthetic simulations with a polygonal shape model show the promise of this type of approach on some challenging shapes.
Screening for Behavioral Health Problems in Adult Primary Care

While clinical systems are adopting models of integrated primary care (IPC) at high rates, the scientific foundation for common IPC practices remains underdeveloped. In order for IPC to be successful both clinically and financially, multidisciplinary teams must be able to efficiently and effectively identify patients who would benefit from behavioral healthcare within the primary care service. To do so requires tactical broad and specific screening at both the population level and for those patients who are already known to be at risk for psychological and/or other behavioral health concerns. This chapter provides suggestions for screening practices to be utilized in adult IPC to assess for general behavioral health concerns as well as high prevalence specific clinical presentations.
The Rise of the Creative Law School

U.S. legal education is currently experiencing rapid and massive change that is both destabilizing and disconcerting. Across the nation, law schools face enormous challenges and a future filled with programmatic and financial uncertainty. This essay uses the work of urbanist Richard Florida to discuss these challenges and suggest ways to develop paths forward that best benefit law students, the public, and law schools themselves.
0.3GHz to 3.5GHz High Linearity downconverting Mixer on 0.18um SiGe BiCMOS Process

A broadband down converting mixer delivering typical +36dBm IIP3 and >+40dBm IIP3 for some frequencies with positive conversion is presented in the paper. The mixer also has +18 dBm input P1dB and sub-10dB noise figure (NF) with a 3.3V/200mA power supply and only 0dBm of LO input power, which is the highest dynamic range mixer in its class. The mixer consists of an integrated RF balun, a high linearity double-balanced mixer core, an IF amplifier, an LO buffer amplifier, and bias/enable circuits. The single-ended RF input frequency range is 300MHz to 3.5GHz and the IF is usable up to 1GHz. The mixer has a reduced current mode which allows the mixer to operate at 2/3 normal power consumption with IIP3 of approximately +29dBm. Furthermore, the unique topology allows operation with supply voltage as low as 2.5V.
Target signature localization in GPR data by jointly estimating and matching templates

Buried threat detection algorithms in Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements often utilize a statistical classifier to model target responses. There are many different target types with distinct responses and all are buried in a wide range of conditions that distort the target signature. Robust performance of this classifier requires it to learn the distinct responses of target types while accounting for the variability due to the physics of the emplacement. In this work, a method to reduce certain sources of excess variation is presented that enables a linear classifier to learn distinct templates for each target type’s response despite the operational variability. The different target subpopulations are represented by a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Training the GMM requires jointly extracting the patches around target responses as well as learning the statistical parameters as neither are known a priori. The GMM parameters and the choice of patches are determined by variational Bayesian methods. The proposed method allows for patches to be extracted from a larger data-block that only contain the target response. The patches extracted from this method improve the ROC for distinguishing targets from background clutter compared to the patches extracted using other patch extraction methods aiming to reduce the operational variability.
Coelomic Fluid Evaluation in Clinically Normal Ochre Sea Stars Pisaster ochraceus: Cell Counts, Cytology, and Biochemistry Reference Intervals

Coelomic fluid sampling is a noninvasive technique that is used to access the body fluid of sea stars for diagnostics and research. Given recent mortality events including sea star wasting disease, which has killed millions of sea stars along the Pacific coast since 2013, there is a need for validated diagnostic tests to evaluate sea star health. The objectives of this study were to establish coelomic fluid reference intervals for clinically normal ochre sea stars Pisaster ochraceus in an open system aquarium, to describe the cytologic findings, and to compare the chemistries of coelomic fluid with open system tank water. Coelomic fluid from 26 clinically normal sea stars was sampled for coelomocyte counts, cytologic evaluation, and biochemical analysis including magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and total protein. The number of coelomocytes and total protein did not fit normal distribution and were excluded from analyses. Reference intervals were established for other chemistry analytes. There was no statistical difference in biochemistries between sea star coelomic fluid and water from five open system tanks, which supports previous evidence that sea stars are osmoconformers. Very low numbers of coelomocytes were observed cytologically. These results provide a useful baseline and diagnostic tool for health assessments of sea stars.
Further Evaluation of Factors Associated with Restrictive Housing Among Detained Youth

Although there are concerns regarding the use of restrictive housing with detained youth, little research has examined factors that contribute to youth risk for restrictive housing. The current study examined whether perceived containment and contextual factors (i.e., peer delinquency, neighborhood problems, stressful life events, and parental psychological control) were predictive of levels of restrictive housing (i.e., Tier 2 and Tier 3) in a sample of detained youth. Youth self-reports of constructs were examined as predictors of levels of restrictive housing. Analyses indicated that while peer delinquency was only associated with Tier 2 intervention (i.e., day room restriction), perceived containment and neighborhood problems were only associated with Tier 3 intervention (i.e., lockdowns and restraints). Neither stressful life events nor parental psychological control were associated with any restrictive housing outcome. Finally, the number of days in detention were robustly positively associated with all restrictive housing outcomes examined. Findings suggest that factors beyond the facility (e.g., neighborhood environment, peer groups) may have a meaningful impact on behavior while detained.
Assessing the sustainability of the Nigerian urban reproductive health initiative facility-level programming: longitudinal analysis of service quality

To date, there is little information on the sustainability of family planning (FP) service quality after completion of a donor-funded program. This paper examines the sustainability of the Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative (NURHI) program on quality of FP services in two cities: Ilorin, where the program ended in March 2015 and Kaduna where the program continued. Data come from three time periods: 2011, before program implementation; 2014, near Phase 1 completion; and 2017, two-years post Phase 1. In 2011, we undertook a facility audit and provider surveys in all public sector facilities in each city as well as all private facilities mentioned as the source for FP or maternal, newborn, and child health services in a 2010 women’s household survey. In 2014 and 2017, we returned to the same facilities to undertake the facility audit and provider surveys. Quality is measured from principal component analyses of 30 items from the facility audit and provider surveys. Service use outcomes are measured as the ratio of FP clients (total and new) to the number of reproductive health staff members. Multivariate random effect models are estimated to examine changes in the outcomes over time, between NURHI and non-NURHI facilities and by city. We demonstrate that NURHI facilities had better quality and higher service use than non-NURHI facilities. Further, while quality of services was higher in Ilorin in 2011, by 2014 and three years later (2017), the quality was better in Kaduna where the program continued. In addition, while no difference was found in service utilization between Ilorin and Kaduna in 2014, by 2017, Kaduna had significantly more new FP users than Ilorin. In Ilorin, quality of services did not continue its strong upward trend after the program ended. Programs need to consider long-term strategies that support continuation of program components post program implementation. This may include ensuring continued training of providers and addressing equipment and commodity stock-outs through system changes rather than specific facility-level changes. The findings from this study can be used to inform future programs seeking to improve quality of FP services in a sustainable manner.
‘It simplifies research!’: impact of a song lyrics exercise among MSW students

ABSTRACTThe use of pop culture sources in social work education enhances the learning of MSW students in the human behavior, policy and diversity courses. Pop culture sources can enhance learning b...