cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imaging sedation and anesthesia practice patterns in pediatric radiology departments - a survey of the Society of Chiefs of Radiology at Children's Hospitals (SCORCH).

There are few data describing practice patterns related to the use of sedation/anesthesia for diagnostic imaging in pediatric radiology departments. To understand current practice patterns related to imaging with sedation/anesthesia in pediatric radiology departments based on a survey of the Society of Chiefs of Radiology at Children’s Hospitals (SCORCH) in conjunction with the American College of Radiology’s Pediatric Imaging Sedation and Anesthesia Committee. A multi-question survey related to imaging with sedation/anesthesia in pediatric radiology departments was distributed to SCORCH member institutions in January 2019. A single reminder email was sent. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. Of the 84 pediatric radiology departments, 23 (27%) completed the survey. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents self-identified as academic/university-affiliated and 13% as a division/section in an adult radiology department. Imaging sedation (excluding general anesthesia) is commonly performed by pediatric anesthesiologists (76%) and intensive care unit physicians (intensivists, 48%); only 14% of departments expect their pediatric radiologists to supervise imaging sedation. Ninety-six percent of departments use child life specialists for patient preparation. Seventy percent of departments have preparatory resources available on a website, including simulation videos (26%) and audio clips (17%). Nearly half (48%) of the departments have a mock scanner to aid in patient preparation. Imaging sedation/anesthesia is most often scheduled at the request of ordering clinicians (65%), while 57% of departments allow schedulers to place patients into imaging sedation/anesthesia slots based on specified criteria. Imaging sedation/anesthesia practice patterns vary among pediatric radiology departments, and understanding current approaches can help with standardization and practice improvement.
iLoci: Robust evaluation of genome content and organization for provisional and mature genome assemblies

Background: The rate at which new draft genome assemblies and corresponding annotation versions are being produced has long outpaced the scientific community9s capacity to refine these drafts into finished, reference-quality data resources to a standard typically expected from dedicated efforts of model organism research communities. Nonetheless, scientists must be able to evaluate newly sequenced genomes in the context of previously published data, requiring summaries of genome content and organization that can be quickly computed, updated, and meaningfully compared. As annotation quality will necessarily vary within and across data sets, the ability to select subsets of only those data that are well supported is critical for distinguishing technical artifacts from biological effects in genome-wide analyses. Results: We introduce a new framework for genome analyses based on parsing an annotated genome assembly into distinct interval loci (iLoci), available as open source software as part of the AEGeAn Toolkit (https://github.com/BrendelGroup/AEGeAn). We demonstrate that iLoci provide an alternative coordinate system that is robust to changes in assembly and annotation versions and facilitates granular quality control of genome data. We discuss how statistics computed on iLoci reflect various characteristics of genome content and organization and illustrate how these statistics can be used to establish a baseline for assessment of the completeness and accuracy of the data. We also introduce a well-defined measure of relative genome compactness and compute other iLocus statistics that reveal genome-wide characteristics of gene arrangements in the whole genome context. Conclusions: We present a coherent computational framework that calculates informative statistics from genome assembly/annotation data input. Given the fast pace of assembly/annotation updates, our AEGeAn Toolkit fills a niche in computational genomics based on deriving persistent and species-specific genome statistics. Gene structure model centric iLoci provide a precisely defined coordinate system that can be used to store assembly/annotation updates that reflect either stable or changed assessments. Large-scale application of the approach revealed species and clade specific genome organization in precisely defined computational terms, promising intriguing forays into the forces of shaping genome structure as more and more genome assemblies are being deposited.
Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language

One of the world's science superstars presents a brilliantly illuminating, entertaining and cutting-edge account of how language actually works. How does language work? How do children learn their mother tongue? Why do languages change over time, making Chaucer's English almost incomprehensible? Steven Pinker explains the profound mysteries of language by picking a deceptively simple single phenomenon and examining it from every angle. That phenomenon - the existence of regular and irregular verbs - connects an astonishing array of topics in the sciences and humanities: the history of languages; the illuminating errors of children as they begin to speak; the sources of the major themes in the history of Western philosophy; the latest techniques in identifying genes and imaging the living brain. Pinker makes sense of all of this with the help of a single, powerful idea: that language comprises a mental dictionary of memorized words and a mental grammar of creative rules.
Assessing the effect of HAART on change in quality of life among HIV-infected women

The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on health-related quality of life (QOL) of HIV-1 infected individuals in large prospective cohorts has not been well studied. To assess the effect of HAART on QOL by comparing HIV-infected women using HAART with HIV-infected women remaining HAART naive in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a multicenter prospective cohort study begun in 1994 in the US. A 1:1 matching with equivalent (≤ 0.1%) propensity scores for predicting HAART initiation was implemented and 458 pairs were obtained. HAART effects were assessed using pattern mixture models. The changes of nine QOL domain scores and one summary score derived from a shortened version of the MOS-HIV from initial values were used as study outcomes. The background covariates of the treatment groups were well-balanced after propensity score matching. The 916 matched subjects had a mean age of 38.5 years and 42% had a history of AIDS diagnosis. The participants contributed a total of 4,292 person visits with a median follow-up time of 4 years. In the bivariate analyses with only HAART use and time as covariates, HAART was associated with short-term improvements of 4 QOL domains: role functioning, social functioning, pain and perceived health index. After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, biological and clinical variables, HAART had small but significant short-term improvements on changes in summary QOL (mean change: 3.25; P = 0.02), role functioning (6.99; P < 0.01), social functioning (5.74; P < 0.01), cognitive functioning (3.59; P = 0.03), pain (6.73; P < 0.01), health perception (3.67; P = 0.03) and perceived health index (4.87; P < 0.01). These QOL scores typically remained stable or declined over additional follow-up and there was no indication that HAART modified these trends. Our study demonstrated significant short-term HAART effects on most QOL domains, but additional use of HAART did not modify long-term trends. These changes could be attributed to the direct effect of HAART and indirect HAART effect mediated through clinical changes.
Case Management: Service or Symptom?

ers, nurses, physicians, and other pro fessionals say they are providing case management, but their definitions vary considerably. Reasons for providing case management are diverse, as are settings and targeted population groups. Most likely, few targeted groups relish being called a "case" or being "managed." Therefore, an assortment of more palatable terms is being used interchangeably with case manage ment: care management, managed care, care coordination, case coordina tion, continuing care coordination, con tinuity coordination, service integra tion, and service coordination (Secord, 1987). Regardless of what social work ers call it, there is a need to understand the basic case management concept and its implications for the profession. Case management is a theme throughout professional practice, and the literature is exploding with articles and books that describe case manage ment program models (Fisher & Weisman, 1988; Kane, 1988;MacAdam et al., 1989; Moore, 1990; Secord, 1987; Simmons & White, 1988; Weil, Karls, & Associates, 1985). In almost every setting in public and private health and human services arenas, social workers perform case manager roles, supervise case managers, or coordi nate their actions with others who pro vide case management. These activi ties are as likely to happen in the public social welfare bureaucracy (Harris, 1987) as they are in hospitals (Netting & Williams, 1989), private nonprofit delivery systems, and for-profit arenas (Secord, 1987). This article briefly describes case management, its history, and its many contemporary models. References lead the reader to more in-depth sources of information about designing and de veloping case management programs. The primary purpose of this article is to F. Ellen Netting
A simple magnetic tape recording system for medical scintiscanners.

Abstract A relatively simple magnetic tape recording system for recording scintillation scan data has been developed. One channel is used for storage of the pulses obtained by the scanning scintillation probe. Another channel is used to record the relative position of the end of each scan line. Scans may be played back, on the scanner itself, with different contrast settings to optimize the presentation of information obtained from radioisotope scans. Storage on magnetic tape also safeguards against instrument failure and human error.
Using transformational appeals to enhance the retail experience

Abstract Transformational appeals hold enormous promise for retailers. These appeals go beyond providing concrete, factual data to making the consumer's actual experience more enjoyable. A field study and a controlled, follow-up experiment are conducted to empirically assess the efficacy of transformational appeals compared to informational appeals in retail settings. Results suggest that transformational advertising affects consumers’ initial retail experiences, but are not effective when a consumption experience is already well defined. Further, transformational appeals enhance hedonic and symbolic benefits but do not appear to affect evaluations of functional benefits. The underlying processes guiding these effects and implications for marketing theory and practice are discussed.
Hume and causal realism

(1989). Hume and causal realism. Australasian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 67, No. 2, pp. 172-190.
Capillary zone electrophoresis of synthetic opioid and tachykinin peptides.

Capillary zone electrophoresis was performed on fourteen synthetic opioid peptides and one tachykinin peptide (substance P = SP) at pH values of 2.5, 5.5 and 8.5 to rationalize the electrophoretic behavior of these neuropeptides. A plot of the theoretical q/Mr2/3 values (where q = peptide charge) calculated across the pH range of 1 to 10 for these peptides was used to understand and to predict their separation. The experimentally determined electrophoretic mobilities (μ) were correlated to the estimate of the relative μ predicted by q/Mr213 and by [ln (q + 1)] /n0.43 (where n = number of constituent amino acids), where q values were calculated using amino acid pKa values for an isolated amino acid and for an amino acid in a peptide. In general, relatively high correlations were obtained with either mathematical expression and with both sets of amino acid pKa values for data at a single pH value. However, the combination of the former expression and the adjusted pKa values gave the best prediction of electrophoretic behavior when data for the three pH values were correlated across these different separation conditions.
Soft Photons and the Classical Limit

The first two orders of the low-frequency limit of a bremsstrahlung amplitude are determined by the general principles of quantum field theory. The leading order is in obvious correspondence with the classical limit. We present a conceptual experiment which shows that the next-order term is also determined by the classical limit. In addition, a generating functional is constructed that provides the two leading terms of the bremsstrahlung amplitude for the emission and absorption of an arbritary number of soft photons. This generating functional is used to indicate a classical correspondence to all powers of the electrical charge.
Electron-impact ionization of negatively charged water-cluster ions.

Experimental results are presented for the electron-impact ionization of negatively charged water clusters to form singly and doubly charged positive clusters. A cluster initially containing 325 water molecules loses an average of 42 and 47 molecules, respectively, in the formation of the singly and doubly charged species with 100-V electrons. Measurement of the appearance potentials of these positively charged species yielded results consistent with ionization taking place at multiple sites within the cluster and not at a single site.
Versatile Organic Transistors by Solution Processing

A selection of the latest developments in organic electronic materials and organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices is reviewed here with an emphasis on the synthetic and manufacturing versatility, ease of processing, and low cost offered by solution processability. At the heart of these benefits is the nature of the weak van der Waals intermolecular interactions inherent to organic compounds. This allows processability with a relatively small amount of energy investment. Material solubility, in particular, creates unique pathways for film fabrication and the design of new device architectures, while presenting new manufacturing challenges to explore. In this review we provide a chronological presentation of the important developments in the solution-deposited organic small-molecule semiconductor, dielectric, and electrode materials used in OFETs, making specific note of current benchmarks. Organic device architectures and fabrication methods that are characterized by reduced complexity and ease of implementation are discussed.
On the metabolism of the purple sulphur bacteria in organic media

1. The purple sulphur bacteria are able to develop in media containing only one simple, nitrogen-free organic compound, in the absence of oxidizable sulphur compounds. 2. Radiant energy is indispensable for development in these media. 3. A quantitative chemical investigation has been carried out of the metabolism in cultures containing lactate, pyruvate, acetate, succinate, malate or butyrate as the organic substrate. 4. In these cultures practically no metabolic products other than relatively small amounts of CO2 have been detected; in the butyrate cultures CO2 is taken up instead of being formed. 5. By determining the carbon content of the bacterial substance synthesized in the cultures, it has been shown that in all probability the substrate is completely converted into cell material and CO2, i. o. w. that the assimilation predominates in the metabolism. 6. The differences in the amount of CO2 formed (or taken up) per unit of substrate consumed in cultures with different substrates are caused by the different oxidation values of the various substrates, the average oxidation value of the cell material of the bacteria being approximately the same with all substrates. 7. Since a consideration of assimilation in general leads to the insight that the greater majority of organic cell constituents is formed from the substrate via pyruvic acid, the ways in which this acid can be formed from the various substrates used in the experiments have been discussed. 8. The conversion of the substrate into pyruvic acid involves one or more dehydrogenations; a consideration of the hydrogen acceptors which may effect this dehydrogenation shows that CO2 must play a prominent part as an acceptor in this process. 9. In connection with point 2 this leads to the conclusion that photosynthetic processes are involved in the metabolism of the purple sulphur bacteria in organic media. 10. In the equation for photosynthesis in general: $${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} {\text{ + }} {\text{2H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{A}} \to {\text{CH}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}} {\text{ + }} {\text{2A}} {\text{ + }} {\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}$$ H2A may now be replaced by organic substances as well as by H2S or H2O.
Kaposi's sarcoma and cytomegaloviral ileocolitis complicating long-standing Crohn's disease in an HIV-negative patient

A 67-yr-old woman with a 25-yr history of Crohn's disease, maintained on near-continuous corticosteroids (prednisone 10 mg daily) over a 6-yr period, underwent ileocolic resection for obstruction. Pathology revealed Crohn's disease, multiple nodules of Kaposi's sarcoma, and cytomegalic inclusion bodies with confirmation of cytomegalovirus by shell vial immunofluorescence. Testing for HIV serum antibody has been repeatedly negative. Crohn's disease, Kaposi's sarcoma, and cytomegalovirus have been clinically in remission for 5 yr.
The Pharmacokinetics of Cisplatin in Experimental Regional Chemotherapy

Cisplatin (DDP) is attractive for use in regional chemotherapy because of its tendency for protein binding. A study of regional chemotherapy was conducted in rabbits bearing the VX-2 carcinoma. Modes of therapy examined were intravenous (IV), intra-arterial (IA), IA with stopflow, IA with outflow occlusion, and isolation-perfusion (I-P). Each mode was evaluated by examining the pharmacokinetics of DDP in systemic and regional administration and measuring tissue concentrations of DDP. It was observed that the systemic exposure to DDP was significantly less for IA with outflow occlusion and I-P when compared to IV, IA, or IA with stopflow occlusion (P = 0.003). Tumor concentrations were highest with IA infusion with outflow occlusion (P = 0.002) and IA stopflow occlusion (P = 0.03). Tumor tissue concentrations were always higher than adjacent muscle DDP concentrations. The authors conclude that significant pharmacologic advantage can be demonstrated for certain modes of DDP administration in this rabbit model, and that these promising results should be followed by clinical trials.
An experimental note on Tversky’ s “features of similarity”

Tversky has related degree of judged similarity between (among) objects to the degree of overlap of matching features. It is shown here that the extent to which mentally retarded children judge planometric figures to be alike is related positively to the number of matching cues.
The Effects of Bison Crossings on the Macroinvertebrate Community in a Tallgrass Prairie Stream

Abstract The distribution and diversity of macroinvertebrates in relation to bison crossings was studied for four seasons in a headwater reach of a tallgrass prairie stream. Species richness was significantly higher above crossings only during the fall. Summer samples revealed significantly higher EPT (richness within only Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) index values above crossings than at crossings. On average, over 10% more fine sediment (<0.2 mm) occurred at the crossings than above or below crossings. Densities of two taxa (Hydropsyche spp. and Elmidae) were significantly higher above or below crossings, whereas three taxa (Bezzia/Palpomyia spp., Culicoides sp., and Naididae/Tubificidae) were significantly higher at crossings for at least one season. Overall, this study suggests that impact of bison on benthic communities of headwater streams was spatially limited. Although bison may have less impact upon stream communities than previous studies of cattle impacts have shown, differences in...
Carrier-mediated uptake of cephalexin in human intestinal cells

A transport carrier for cephalexin, a cephalosporin antibiotic, was identified in a human intestinal cell line, HT-29. Uptake via the carrier was inhibited by dipeptides, phe-gly, gly-pro, carnosine, and cefaclor, a close drug analog. Uptake was unaffected by the presence of amino acids. The pH optimum for uptake was 6.2. Drug uptake was not dependent on the presence of sodium and was insensitive to metabolic inhibitors. The efflux of cephalexin was stimulated by extracellular carnosine, indicating counter-transport. Taken together, drug uptake is mediated by a dipeptide transport carrier and not by an amino acid transport carrier. This is the first demonstration of the carrier in an established cell line.
Transfemoral balloon mitral valvuloplasty for severe nonrheumatic mitral stenosis.

An 89-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with dyspnea, renal failure, and atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Transthoracic ([Figure 1A][1], [Online Video 1][2]) and transesophageal echocardiograms ([Figures 1B to 1D][1], [Online Videos 2][3] and [3][4]) showed severe
Trajectory-based deformation correction in ultrasound images

Tissue deformation in ultrasound imaging poses a challenge to the development of many image registration techniques, including multimodal image fusion, multi-angle compound image and freehand three-dimensional ultrasound. Although deformation correction methods are desired to provide images of uncompressed tissue structure, they have not been well-studied. A novel trajectory-based method to correct a wide range of tissue deformation in ultrasound imaging was developed. In order to characterize tissue deformation under different contact forces, a force sensor provides contact force measurement. Template based image-flow techniques were applied to RF A-lines under different contact forces. A two-dimensional displacement trajectory field was constructed, where pixel coordinates in each scan were plotted against the corresponding contact force. Nonlinear extrapolation algorithms are applied to each trajectory to relocate the corresponding pixel to where it would have been had there been no contact, thereby correcting tissue deformation in the images. This method was validated by using a combination of FEM deformation and ultrasound simulation. It was shown that deformation of the simulated pathological tissue could be corrected. Furthermore, nonlinear polynomial regression was found to give better estimates, than linear regression, when large deformation was present. Estimation accuracy was not improved significantly for a polynomial regression larger than second order.
Single Chain Fragment Variable Recombinant Antibody as a Template for Fc Sensors

A label free immunosensor for detection of Fc receptors expressed on cell surface was developed and characterized using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) transducer. Taking advantage of the characteristics of single chain fragment variable (scFv) recombinant antibody and the multivalency of an antibody, the engineered recombinant scFv was immobilized onto preformed functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) template surface. The monomeric scFv can bind with the CH1 region of any rabbit IgG to form a highly oriented IgG layer with its Fc portion pointing toward a solution phase. This results in a highly oriented Fc sensor that can be used to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of binding between the Fc portion of immunoglobulin and the cell surface Fc receptor (FcR), an important area of the immune system. The Fc sensor was used to study the binding between Staphylococcus aureus and the Fc receptor on macrophage. Parallel characterization of cell surface Fc receptors in the same samples by ELISA w...
Multivariate Analysis of Correlated Selection and Kin Selection, with an ESS Maximization Method

Abstract Kin selection coefficients are used in two distinct ways. First, these coefficients measure phenotypic correlations that affect the marginal costs and benefits of behaviors. For example, the phenotypic correlation in sex ratio produced by two females in an isolated patch influences the favoured sex ratio. Second, kin selection coefficients describe genotypic correlations that measure fidelity of transmission. For example, a female values daughters vs. nieces according to genotypic correlations. It is widely known that kin selection coefficients may be interpreted as phenotypic or genotypic correlations in different contexts. However, these different interpretations have never been fully separated, and their different role have not been clearly explained. I provide proofs of a generic analytical approach. The technique automatically separates phenotypic correlations among social partners from genotypic components of transmission. The result is a general method that can be derived from first principles and applied to multivariate problems in social evolution. I emphasize a simple, practical maximization method that can be used to calculate equilibrium conditions for complex social interactions.
Rational Numbers and Regular Events

In this paper the relation between a sequential circuit and its regular expression is investigated. The circuits are without special starting units. One method of analysis of a circuit leads to a set of equations whose solutions are regular expressions related to the state diagram of the circuit. In another approach, a set of regular equations, identical in form to the next state equations, is obtained directly from the circuit. By reversing the regular equations and using derivatives, the regular equations are transformed to a form related to the reverse state diagram. The discussion clarifies the relationship among circuits, regular expressions and state diagrams. Moreover, further insight is obtained into the solution of equations with as unknowns.
Cowden's disease--treatment of cutaneous lesions using carbon dioxide laser vaporization: a comparison of conventional and superpulsed techniques.

. Cowden's disease is a genodermatosis associated with both cutaneous and visceral manifestations, including cancer. Trichilemmomas represent one of the benign cutaneous lesions associated with this syndrome and may be responsible for significant cosmetic disfigurement. Using the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in its vaporizational mode of operation, a patient with multiple trichilemmomas of the nose, previously unsuccessfully treated with multiple medical and surgical procedures, obtained excellent cosmetic results.
Dynamics of High-Speed Cam-Driven Mechanisms—Part 2: Nonlinear System Models

The dynamic responses of the cam-driven mechanism are investigated, based on a non-linear lumped system model. The nonlinearity is an energy-dissipating element which consists of viscous, quadratic, Coulomb and static frictions combined. The nonlinear equation of motion of a single degree of freedom is first analyzed using a numerical method and the results of time responses are presented and characterized in the phase-plane. The primary and residual shock response spectra in nondimensional form for a number of typical cam input excitations are presented and compared with those of the associated linear cases.
Metal interactions in bush bean plants grown in a glasshouse in amended serpentine soils from California

Abstract Bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen) were grown with amendments in a glasshouse in two different serpentine soils from California. These serpentine soils are not high in Ni and Cr as in other areas of the world and the purpose of the study was to define the reasons for low plant yields in these two soils. The two soils behaved very differently. One seemed to have simple P deficiency and a mild imbalance of Ca‐Mg. The other soil appeared to have a severe Ca deficiency, the correction of which tended to increase Mg uptake also, but with improved yields. Present also seemed to be Zn, Cu, Al, Ni toxicities even though the levels of each were not high by leaf analysis tests. Stepwise regression for plants from one of the soils indicated that Cu concentration in leaves accounted for 60% of the yield variation (negative correlation), that Ca accounted for 9% more of it, and that P accounted for 13% more for a total of 82%. In the presence of low levels of Ca, some, at least, of t...
Shift-register coincidence electronics system for thermal neutron counters

An improved shift-register, coincidence-counting logic circuit, developed for use with thermal neutron well counters, is described in detail. A distinguishing feature of the circuit is its ability to operate usefully at neutron counting rates of several hundred kHz. A portable electronics package incorporating the new coincidence logic and support circuits is also described.
The use of Fourier transforms in the unfolding of experimental data

Abstract It has been shown that when experimental data are subject to smearing effects which may be approximated in convolution integral form, Fourier transform methods used in conjunction with a non-linear least squares analysis may be of use in recovering the unsmeared data. Application of the method to the unfolding of experimental data in a time-of-flight experiment in gaseous electronics is described.
Unrecognized odontogenic maxillary sinusitis: a cause of endoscopic sinus surgery failure.

BackgroundEndoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is reported to improve symptoms in ∼85% of patients. Reasons for failure include misdiagnosis, technical inadequacies, underlying severe hyperplastic diseas...
Theology in Prospect

present we are going. Looking to the future may take the form of either predicting or prescribing. I am not going to predict the future, I leave that to premillennarians and Marxians. How can we make predictions when it is possible that within the next fifty years we shall be hobnobbing with intelligent creatures from other planets? One would have to be either much wiser or a much bigger fool than I to attempt to forecast what effect such an activity would have upon theology. I am going to make the more modest attempt to indicate some of the things that it seems to me that theology ought to be doing in the coming years. The past fifty years in theology have been revolutionary and exciting. They have witnessed dramatic knock-down and drag-out battles such as the fundamentalist-modernist
A Paradox of Support Seeking and Rejection Among the Stigmatized

Individuals perceiving stigma may be unwilling to seek support directly. Instead, they may use indirect strategies due to fear of rejection. Ironically, indirect seeking leads to unsupportive network responses (i.e., rejection). In Study 1, data collected from structured interviews of a sample of U.S. women in poverty (N= 116) showed that perceived poverty-related stigma was related to increased fear of rejection, which in turn partially mediated perceived stigma and indirect seeking. In Study 2, data gathered from structured interviews of a sample of U.S. abused women (N= 177) revealed that perceived abuse-related stigma was linked to increased indirect seeking, which in turn related to increased unsupportive network responses. By contrast, direct support seeking was related to increased supportive and decreased unsupportive responses.
Anuran pancreas development during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis of Rana catesbeiana: RNA metabolism during the regressive phase of pancreas development.

Abstract During thyroxine-induced metamorphosis of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles, the pancrease undergoes extensive regression, due to cell death, before regenerating and differentiating in the adult organ. During pancreatic regression, there is a biphasic stimulation of apparent RNA synthesis. The initial peak of apparent RNA synthesis is due to an increase in the specific activity of the RNA precursor pool without a change in the rate of RNA synthesis. The second phase of stimulation of RNA synthesis is due to an increase in both the specific activity of the precursor pool and the rate of RNA synthesis. A disproportionate increase in the amount of 4 S RNA occurs just prior to the period of maximum pancreatic regression.
Effect of Cu loading and addition of modifiers on the stability of Cu/ZSM-5 in lean NOx reduction catalysis

The stability of Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts of different Cu loadings or modified by addition of Na, La, or Ce was studied in lean NOx reduction. Samples were characterized by H2-TPR, EPR and XRD before and after deactivation. Increasing the Cu loading above 68% of the exchange capacity improved the stability, as did La addition, presumably because these decreased the concentration of protons which were instrumental in the dealumination of the ZSM-5 framework. Addition of Ce had little effect, because CeO2 was formed and thus did not compete with protons for exchange sites. Addition of Na decreased the stability, because it promoted the formation of inactive CuO particles; in addition, migration of Cu2+ to a different coordination environment also seemed to contribute to the catalyst deactivation.
Naturally occurring graphite cones

Abstract Carbon, boron nitride, and other materials that form nanotubes are also able to form conical shapes. Even though the potential applications of cone arrays as electron emitters and other devices are very promising, understanding of their structure and formation mechanisms is still very limited compared to nanotubes and other carbon structures. Moreover, the cones have only been synthesized in a mixture with other shapes, but never as continuous arrays. It appears, however, that we can learn from nature how to produce large carbon cone arrays. We here report the first-known natural occurrence of large arrays of conical graphite crystals. These occur on the surfaces of millimeter-sized polycrystalline spheroidal aggregates of graphite. Cone heights range from less then a micron to 40 μm, which is larger than any other carbon cones reported in the literature. They are also observed to dominate sample surfaces. The surface topography of the cones and petrologic relations of the samples suggest that the cones formed from a metamorphic fluid. Unlike most laboratory produced cones, the natural cones have a wide distribution of apex angles, which supports a disclination model for cone-helix structures.
Determination of attitude jitter in small satellites

For various reasons small spacecraft are becoming more appealing. Because of their smaller inertias, these spacecraft are more sensitive to disturbances and likely to have more attitude jitter than the bigger units. These jitter levels are unacceptable for some scientific instruments and need to be compensated. In the case of line-of-sight type instruments, the attitude jitter can be mitigated by incorporating a fast steering mirror into the system. To take full advantage of these devices, the spacecraft attitude needs to be measured at sufficiently high bandwidth, well beyond what is commonly provided by inertial reference units. This paper explores various ways to obtain higher bandwidth attitude measurements for the purpose of jitter control, and provides a practical solution to the problem.
Mechanisms for Liquid Slip at Solid Surfaces

One of the oldest unresolved problems in fluid mechanics is the nature of liquid flow along solid surfaces. It is traditionally assumed that across the liquid-solid interface, liquid and solid speeds exactly match. However, recent observations document that on the molecular scale, liquids can slip relative to solids. We formulate a model in which the liquid dynamics are described by a stochastic differential-difference equation, related to the Frenkel-Kontorova equation. The model, in agreement with molecular dynamics simulations, reveals that slip occurs via two mechanisms: localized defect propagation and concurrent slip of large domains. Well-defined transitions occur between the two mechanisms.
Light Scattering by Ice Clouds in the Visible and Infrared: A Theoretical Study.

Computations of the intensity and linear polarization for single scattering by ice clouds have been made based on the assumption that the particles in ice clouds can be approximated by long circular cylinders which are allowed to be polydispersive as well as arbitrarily oriented in space. The results of two models of optically thin ice clouds are presented and compared with those for polydisperse ice spheres. The two models for ice cylinders are assumed to be either uniformly or randomly oriented in a horizontal plane. Four different wavelengths, 0.7, 3, 3.5 and 6.05 microns, are employed in the light scattering computations. It is found that, compared to ice spheres, long ice cylinders scatter more light in the region with scattering angles near 90 deg, at the expense of scattering in both the forward and backward directions. The glory and cloudbows, which occur in light scattered by spherical particles, are either lost (the glory) or largely reduced and distorted (the cloudbows in the case of cylinders). It is probable that for more irregular particles the cloudbows would also disappear. These differences in scattering by spherical and non-spherical scatterers therefore provide useful information for the differentiation between the ice and liquid phase of cloud particles.
Where are we going and what are we doing? Two seemingly opposing views with a unified message about the discrepancy between organizational behavior theory and business practice

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the need for critical review and realignment of business education as well as business practices to contemporary needs.Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyzes two compelling presentations from distinguished scholars in which they made a seemingly contradictory statement about the discrepancy between business education and practice. Subsequently, a critical analysis of the presentations is applied, through which some remarkable similarities emerge.Findings – The paper finds that: there is a discrepancy between what business education knows and what it does; there is a discrepancy between what business knows and what it does; and the discrepancy on both ends should be attributed to multiple reasons, of which the most important one is: the resistance to adopt the change that epitomizes contemporary circumstances.Practical implications – Management and organizational behavior scholars should rethink their stance toward educating and preparing today'...
Wavelet-Processed Flight Data for Robust Aeroservoelastic Stability Margins

Waveletanalysisfore lteringandsystem identie cationisusedto improvetheestimationofaeroservoelastic (ASE) stabilitymargins.Computationofrobuststabilitymarginsforstabilityboundarypredictiondependsonuncertainty descriptions derived from the test data for model validation. Nonideal test conditions, data acquisition errors, and signal processing algorithms cause uncertainty descriptions to be intrinsically conservative. The conservatism of the robust stability margins is reduced with parametric and nonparametric time-frequency analysis of e ight data in the model validation process. Nonparametric wavelet processing of data is used to reduce the effects of external disturbances and unmodeled dynamics. Parametric estimates of modal stability are also extracted using the wavelet transform. F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle ASE e ight test data are used to demonstrate improved robust stability prediction by extension of the stability boundary from within the e ight envelope to conditions sufe cently beyond the actual e ight regime. Stability within the e ight envelope is cone rmed by e ight test. Practical aspects and guidelines for efe ciency of these procedures are presented for on-line implementation.
Oil-derived marine aggregates – hot spots of polysaccharide degradation by specialized bacterial communities

Abstract Aggregates generated in the laboratory from incubations of seawater and surface-water oil collected in the initial phase of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill resemble the oil-aggregates observed in situ. Here, we investigated the enzyme activities and microbial community composition of laboratory generated oil-aggregates, focusing on the abilities of these communities to degrade polysaccharides, which are major components of marine organic matter and are abundant constituents of exopolymeric substances (EPS) generated by oil-associated bacteria in response to the presence of oil. The patterns of polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzyme activities in oil aggregates were very different from those in the water surrounding the aggregates after formation, and in the surface water that did not contain the oil. Specific oil aggregate-associated hydrolysis rates were also considerably higher than in the water surrounding the aggregates. The differences in initial hydrolysis profiles, and in evolution of these profiles with time, points to specialized metabolic abilities among the oil-aggregate communities compared to oil-water and ambient water communities. The composition of the oil-aggregate community indicates a multifunctional microbial assemblage containing primary oil-degrading and exopolysaccharide-producing members of the Gammaproteobacteria , and diverse members of the Alphaproteobacteria , Bacteroidetes and Planktomycetales that most likely participate in the breakdown of oil-derived bacterial biopolymers. Formation and aging of oil-aggregates encourages the growth and transformation of microbial communities that are specialized in degradation of petroleum, as well as their secondary degradation products.
Aliphatic polyesters. I. The degradation of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) in vivo

The degradation of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) in rabbits, rats, and water was studied by measurement of changes in intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight, crystallinity, Young's modulus, and weight. Degradation proceeds by nonenzymatic random hydrolytic cleavage of ester linkages. The process is autocatalytic, and the kinetic relationship Mn/Mno = exp(–kt) is observed until the Mn has decreased to approximately 5000. Significant weight loss is not observed until this point but, once initiated, the rate of weight loss depends markedly on the particle size. Chain scission is associated with an increase in crystallinity, which partly determines the rate of degradation.
Demographics and behavior of Internet users in China

Abstract This empirical study concerning the demographic and behavioral trends of Chinese Internet users will help both researchers and practitioners to understand the changing nature of Chinese Internet use. After China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), Internet service markets opened to foreign investment. Today an increasing number of Chinese people and organizations use the Internet for varying purposes. Thus, understanding the relations between demographic data and behavioral patterns of Internet users in China is essential. This study also discusses how to guide IS practitioners to develop effective strategies and tactics to penetrate highly competitive, developing cyber-markets. The findings presented here will facilitate the development and construction of websites capable of reaching millions of existing Web users.
Radio scintillations in Venus's atmosphere : application of a theory of gravity wave generation

Radio scintillations in Pioneer Venus radio Occultation data are simulated assuming that the index of refraction fluctuations in Venus's atmosphere responsible for the scintillations are directly caused by gravity wave fluctuations. The gravity waves are created by a global convection layer between 50- and 55-km attitude in Venus's atmosphere and propagate vertically. The authors compare the simulated scintillations with data from Pioneer Venus. These gravity waves can explain the spectral shape and amplitude of the radio scintilations. The shape at high frequencies is controlled by wave breaking, which yields a saturated spectrum. The amplitude is subject to parameters such as the intensity of the convection, the angle between the zonal winds and the beam path, and the zonal wind profile at polar latitudes. To match the observed amplitude of the scintillations, the velocity variations of the energy-bearing eddies in the convection must be at least 2 m s−1. This value is consistent with the Venus balloon results of Sagdeev et al. and is in the middle of the range considered by Leroy and Ingersoll in their study of convectively generated gravity waves. The later study, combined with the lower bound on velocity from the present study, then yields lower bounds on the vertical fluxes of momentum and energy in the Venus atmosphere.
Double-Layer Repulsive Force between Two Inclined Platy Particles According to the Gouy-Chapman Theory

Abstract Using the Gouy-Chapman theory of electrical double layer, the nature of repulsive force between two nonparallel platy particles of finite length immersed in 1:1 electrolytes is examined, The potential distribution around the plates are computed by solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation with the aid of a finite difference numerical technique. The magnitude and location of the net repulsive force between the plates are then computed for a range of values of geometrical parameters and surface potential. The results indicate that as the angle between particles increases, the magnitude of repulsive force decreases very quickly, and the location shifts toward the closest ends. It is also shown that the force computed by a simplified method based on Derjaguin's approximation compares reasonably well with that computed by the finite difference numerical method. The simplified method should provide a reasonable and fast means of computing repulsive force in semiquantitative analyses of colloidal systems consisting of platy particles.
Computational Modeling of a Multiple Tube Solar Reactor with Specularly Reflective Cavity Walls. Part 2: Steam Gasification of Carbon

Abstract A three-dimensional, steady state computational model coupling radiative transfer with fluid flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, and chemical reaction kinetics is developed to describe a solar receiver consisting of an array of five tubes enclosed within a specularly reflective cylindrical cavity with a windowed aperture. Radiation heat transfer is incorporated via a combination of ray tracing, Monte Carlo, and finite volume techniques. Steam gasification of entrained 42 nm acetylene black particles is considered and particle transport is described by an aerosol population balance featuring convection, Brownian motion, and thermophoretic diffusion. Maximum temperatures of 1813 K, 1343 K and 1546 K are predicted for the center, front and back tubes respectively, with corresponding reaction conversion of 40%, 2.5% and 9.2% for a solar power input of 6 kW and a carbon feed rate of 0.5 g/min. Temperature of the fluid/particle mixture tracks closely with that of the surrounding tube walls owing to radiative absorption by the particulate phase. Estimated solar-to-chemical receiver efficiency is limited by comparatively low temperatures achieved in outlying tubes and ranges between 1% and 4% with up to 9 kW solar power. Experimentally measured carbon conversion is compared with predictions from the theoretical model utilizing various sets of kinetic parameters available in the literature for steam gasification of petcoke, graphite, activated carbon and low ash coal char.