cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The asymptotic form of the extinction probabilities for supercritical multitype branching processes

Abstract We consider a positively regular branching process for which there is a finite number T of types. It is assumed that ϱ, the dominant characteristic root of the matrix of first moments, is larger than 1. Then if q( n ) i is the probability that the line descended from an ancestor of type i has become extinct by generation n , q i = lim n →∞ q i ( n ) , and q i > 0, i = 1,…, T , it can be shown that lim n →∞ (q i − q n i ) ϱ n = d i > 0 , where 0 ϱ
Noticing notice: a large-scale experiment on the timing of software license agreements

Spyware is an increasing problem. Interestingly, many programs carrying spyware honestly disclose the activities of the software, but users install the software anyway. We report on a study of software installation to assess the effectiveness of different notices for helping people make better decisions on which software to install. Our study of 222 users showed that providing a short summary notice, in addition to the End User License Agreement (EULA), before the installation reduced the number of software installations significantly. We also found that providing the short summary notice after installation led to a significant number of uninstalls. However, even with the short notices, many users installed the program and later expressed regret for doing so. These results, along with a detailed analysis of installation, regret, and survey data about user behaviors informs our recommendations to policymakers and designers for assessing the "adequacy" of consent in the context of software that exhibits behaviors associated with spyware.
Genetic, genomic, and molecular tools for studying the protoploid yeast, L. waltii

Sequencing of the yeast Kluyveromyces waltii (recently renamed Lachancea waltii) provided evidence of a whole genome duplication event in the lineage leading to the well-studied Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While comparative genomic analyses of these yeasts have proven to be extremely instructive in modeling the loss or maintenance of gene duplicates, experimental tests of the ramifications following such genome alterations remain difficult. To transform L. waltii from an organism of the computational comparative genomic literature into an organism of the functional comparative genomic literature, we have developed genetic, molecular and genomic tools for working with L. waltii. In particular, we have characterized basic properties of L. waltii (growth, ploidy, molecular karyotype, mating type and the sexual cycle), developed transformation, cell cycle arrest and synchronization protocols, and have created centromeric and non-centromeric vectors as well as a genome browser for L. waltii. We hope that these tools will be used by the community to follow up on the ideas generated by sequence data and lead to a greater understanding of eukaryotic biology and genome evolution.
Conic Display Generator Using Multiplying Digital-Analog Converters

A simple waveform generator for display systems has been designed on the basis of homogeneous coordinate mathematics. This generator will draw points, lines, and general conic sections. The fundamental waveform used is the parabola. Circles, ellipses, and hyperbolas are merely perspective transformations of the basic parabola, which is represented by the parametric vector t= [t2, t, 1]. The design of the homogeneous conic generator is based upon the assumption that a multiplying digital-to-analog decoder can be built economically. The decoder produces an output voltage proportional to the product of a ten-bit digital number and a positive reference level; it must maintain 0.1 percent accuracy up to about 100 kHz. In its simplest form the generator would contain 11 decoders. Allowing subpicture scaling and centering requires 14; adding cubics requires 18; and the most complicated system, with three-dimensional cubics with a final perspective transformation as well as the two-dimensional transformation, requires 34 decoders.
Surface morphologies of Br-etched Ge/Si(001)

Abstract The surface morphology of 2 ML Ge/Si(001) was studied using scanning tunneling microscopy before and after etching with Br at 650–900 K. Terrace etch pits produced at 650 K develop from vacancy line (VL) defects which are introduced by Ge deposition on Si(001). Pit growth from these VLs occurs in units of two dimers (four atoms). Pit growth along the dimer row direction introduces kinks. Analysis of the growth patterns makes it possible to determine the activation energy difference for etching by linear pit growth or kink propagation. Etching at 750 K roughens S A steps more than S B steps, in contrast to results for Si(001). The difference is attributed to VL defects which are elongated perpendicular to S A steps. Etching at 900 K produces large terrace pits which reflect facile terrace pitting and the mobility of surface vacancies.
ELECTRON ENERGY BANDS OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL RANDOM ALLOYS

A method for calculating the density of states for an infinite, one-dimensional random alloy is obtained by investigating the asymptotic behavior of the trace of the "transmission" matrix which relates the values taken on by the wave function and its derivative at either end of the crystal. This matrix can be calculated if the potentials of the constituent $A$ and $B$ atoms, ${V}_{A}$ and ${V}_{B}$, are given. The equations are first derived for a very general case, and then the results of a calculation for an alloy in which the $A$ and $B$ atoms have equal concentrations is shown for the case that ${V}_{A}$ and ${V}_{B}$ are $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function potentials. Certain generalizations of the method for treating other nonperiodic problems are discussed briefly.
Illegal immigrants, health care, and social responsibility.

In this paper I want to focus on the situation of illegal immigrants. I will discuss several different answers to the question about what ethical responsibility we have to provide health care to illegal immigrants. (I shall simply assume that societies have an ethical obligation to provide their own citizens with a reasonably comprehensive package of health benefits.) The answers that I shall discuss tend to conceptualize the ethical issues in terms of individual desert professional ethics or human rights. I want to discuss the limitations of each of these approaches and to offer an alternative. I shall approach the issues in terms of social responsibility and discuss the moral relevance of work. In doing so I tend to pull bioethics in the direction of social ethics and political philosophy. Thats the direction I think it should be heading. But before I begin the ethical discussion I need to say more about the phenomenon of illegal immigration. (excerpt)
Necleolar reorganization in epithelial cells of the jejunum of the rat

Light microscope studies were made on nucleoli of jejunal epithelial cells of normal rats fixed in OsO4, glutaraldehyde, F.A.A. and HgCl2 and stained with basic fuchsin–alkaline methylene blue. Nucleolar reorganization is extensive and clearly resembles the phenomenon of nucleolar segregation. Polymorphous nucleoli of undifferentiated crypt cells show intermingled constituents and stain purple whereas similar nucleoli of definitive absorptive cells show two homogeneous components–A, stained red and B, stained blue. Cytochemical studies indicate that component A is largely protein and acidophilic and component B is largely nucleic acids and basophilic. These nucleoli become compacted, each forming an amphinucleolus with the two components at opposite poles. Further changes occur along the villi and the components generally separate to form a condensed plasmosome and a diffuse karysome. Extruded cells show nucleolar fragmentation. Electron micrographs of OsO4 material were used in preparation of wax models. These, along with electron micrographs of glutaraldehyde material stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, clearly illustrate and duplicate light microscope findings and strongly resemble nucleolar segregation produced by antimetabolites. Cells of the villi with reorganized nucleoli do not undergo mitosis whereas undifferentiated crypt cells do so. Furthermore, nucleolar reorganization is correlated with aging since it begins in crypt cells and culminates in senescent cells at the tips of the villi. A review is given of the extensive evidence showing that, in the intestine certain functional changes occur similar to those demonstrated in experimental nucleolar segregation. These include gradually changing patterns of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis as well as enzyme activity. The accompany and probably result from nucleolar reorganization.
Mechanisms of systemic autoimmunity in murine models of SLE

Our laboratory has utilized spontaneous and experimentally induced models of systemic autoimmunity in mice in order to elucidate the cellular deficiencies in immunoregulation that are essential to this process. In the spontaneously autoimmune mouse strains, genetic defects in T and B cell tolerance are the primary abnormalities that drive the syndrome. The induced chronic graft-vs-host model depends on abnormal T-B interactions resulting from allogeneic recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Future investigations will target the biochemistry of the loss of tolerance and the specificity of autoreactive T cells that provide help for autoantibody production.
Frequency shifting in artificial Kerr media composed of compressible microparticles

We examine a novel approach for achieving frequency conversion of electromagnetic waves utilizing the dynamic compressibility of a suspension of microparticles that are driven by an acoustic wave. In particular, for resonantly driven gas bubbles in liquid, we find for small filling factors f that the acousto-optic dielectric constant is (∊1/∊0) ≈ fQ(p/p0), where Q is the quality factor for the oscillating bubble, p is the acoustic-wave pressure, and p0 is the ambient pressure.
A multi-parametric flow cytometric assay to analyze DNA–protein interactions

Interactions between DNA and transcription factors (TFs) guide cellular function and development, yet the complexities of gene regulation are still far from being understood. Such understanding is limited by a paucity of techniques with which to probe DNA–protein interactions. We have devised magnetic protein immobilization on enhancer DNA (MagPIE), a simple, rapid, multi-parametric assay using flow cytometric immunofluorescence to reveal interactions among TFs, chromatin structure and DNA. In MagPIE, synthesized DNA is bound to magnetic beads, which are then incubated with nuclear lysate, permitting sequence-specific binding by TFs, histones and methylation by native lysate factors that can be optionally inhibited with small molecules. Lysate protein–DNA binding is monitored by flow cytometric immunofluorescence, which allows for accurate comparative measurement of TF-DNA affinity. Combinatorial fluorescent staining allows simultaneous analysis of sequence-specific TF-DNA interaction and chromatin modification. MagPIE provides a simple and robust method to analyze complex epigenetic interactions in vitro.
Kinesin molecular motor Eg5 functions during polypeptide synthesis

The microtubule motor Eg5 is well known for its functions during mitosis. It is shown that during interphase, Eg5 associates with ribosomes and is required for efficient protein synthesis.
Poverty and Mass Unemployment in Mineralrich Botswana

Abstract. The economic plight of Botswana's poor has worsened as a direct consequence of the mining sector's success. Their condition results from the process by which economic expansion and modernization has taken place. It has created an economic elite composed of a government bureaucracy and an emerging military “salariat,” and a small group of corporation officials and managers. The elite have joined white farming families as the country's largerscale land and cattle owners, purchasing land and cattle from savings out of relatively high salaries in the mining and public sectors. They have drilled boreholes for water and mechanized their farms and ranches. In effect, the elite have enjoyed access to the revenue from mining; their wealth is a product of that sector's growth, and the consequence is the emergence of a dual Botswana. One is rich, the other is poor, and the emerging clash between rich and poor could destabilize and threaten an African success story.
Gender and e-commerce: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT The authors consider the role of gender as it relates to e-commerce and offer a conceptual framework that attempts to explain why women are less satisfied than men with the online shopping experience. Perceived emotional benefits are discussed as a primary reason women lack support for e-commerce activity. Additional concepts in our model include trust (i.e., skepticism) and practicality (i.e., convenience). Our survey findings revealed that these three concepts—emotion, trust, and convenience—predicted women9s dissatisfaction (and men9s satisfaction) with online shopping, as well as men and women9s actual shopping behavior. The authors offer ideas to help e-marketers form stronger emotional bonds with female shoppers.
A Study Of The Distribution Of Sample Coefficient Alpha With The Hopkins Symptom Checklist: Bootstrap Versus Asymptotics

Sample coefficient alpha is commonly reported for psychological measurement scales. However, how to characterize the distribution of sample coefficient alpha with the Likert-type scales typically used in social and behavioral science research is not clear. Using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, the authors compare three characterizations of the distribution of the sample coefficient alpha: the existing normal-theory-based distribution, a newly proposed distribution based on fourth-order moments, and the bootstrap empirical distribution. Their study indicates that the normal-theory-based distribution has a systematic bias in describing the behavior of the sample coefficient alpha. The distribution based on fourth-order moments is better than the normal-theory-based one but is still not good enough with finite samples. The bootstrap automatically takes the sampling distribution and sample size into account; thus it is recommended for characterizing the behavior of sample coefficient alpha with Likert-type scales.
MR contrast material for vascular enhancement: value of superparamagnetic iron oxide.

The purpose of this study were to quantify abdominal vascular enhancement and to prove the feasibility of iron oxide-enhanced MR angiography in humans using three doses of superparamagnetic iron oxide agent AMI 227.Sixteen patients randomly received either 0.8, 1.1, or 1.7 mg Fe/kg of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide agent AMI 227. T1-weighted breath-hold gradient-echo images were obtained before and 45 min after i.v. administration of AMI 227. Signal intensity was measured in the aorta, the inferior vena cava, the portal vein, and muscle on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced images. Signal-to-noise ratios and enhancement [(SNR after contrast-SNR before contrast) / SNR before contrast] were calculated. Vessels were visually graded before and after administration of AMI 227.All vessels showed statistically significant enhancement 45 min. after administration of AMI 227 by both qualitative and quantitative measures (p < .001). There was no significant increase in noise or signal intensity of muscle aft...
A simple computation and visualization of voltage stability power margins in real-time

This paper introduces a simple method to monitor power system voltage stability conditions in real-time. The method is based on the concept of Voltage Instability Predictor (VIP). The essence of the method is a simple computation of a voltage stability boundary based on VIP derived quantities. The stability boundary is assumed as a parabolic equation in the P-Q plane identified using measurements collected at a specific substation, transmission path, or load center. The computed stability boundary is further visualized in a P-Q plane, together with a point representing the current operating conditions, and generally re-computed as soon as the new set of measurements is collected (preferably at high rates using phasor measurement units). Simplicity and easy interpretation of the results brings this method as a useful tool to increase system operator situational awareness. Supporting results are provided using relatively big test system (52 bus Nordic test system) and a real-life system (a portion of the North-West USA system).
Alternative reproductive tactics and male-dimorphism in the horned beetle Onthophagus acuminatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Adult dung beetles (Onthophagus acuminatus) exhibit continuous variation in body size resulting from differential nutritional conditions experienced during larval development. Males of this species have a pair of horns that protrude from the base of the head, and the lengths of these horns are bimodally distributed in natural populations. Males growing larger than a threshold body size develop long horns, and males that do not achieve this size grow only rudimentary horns or no horns at all. Previous studies of other horned beetle species have shown that horned and hornless males often have different types of reproductive behavior. Here I describe the mating behaviors of the two male morphs of O. acuminatus during encounters with females. Females excavate tunnels beneath dung, where they feed, mate and provision eggs. Large, horned males were found to guard entrances to tunnels containing females. These males fought with all other males that attempted to enter these tunnels. In contrast, small, hornless males encountered females by sneaking into tunnels guarded by other males. In many instances, this was accomplished by digging new tunnels that intercepted the guarded tunnels below ground. Side-tunneling behavior allowed sneaking males to enter tunnels beneath the guarding male, and mate with females undetected. Both overall body size and relative horn length significantly affected the outcome of fights over tunnel ownership. These results suggest that alternative reproductive tactics may favor divergence in male horn morphology, with long horns favored in males large enough to guard tunnels, and hornlessness favored in smaller males that adopt the “sneaking” behavioral alternative.
Submarine Paleoseismology Based on Turbidite Records

Many of the largest earthquakes are generated at subduction zones or other plate boundary fault systems near enough to the coast that marine environments may record evidence of them. During and shortly after large earthquakes in the coastal and marine environments, a spectrum of evidence may be left behind, mirroring onshore paleoseismic evidence. Shaking or displacement of the seafloor can trigger processes such as turbidity currents, submarine landslides, tsunami (which may be recorded both onshore and offshore), and soft-sediment deformation. Marine sites may also share evidence of fault scarps, colluvial wedges, offset features, and liquefaction or fluid expulsion with their onshore counterparts. This article reviews the use of submarine turbidite deposits for paleoseismology, focuses on the dating and correlation techniques used to establish stratigraphic continuity of marine deposits, and outlines criteria for distinguishing earthquake deposits and the strategies used to acquire suitable samples and data for marine paleoseismology.
A Review of: “Grief and Loss Across the Lifespan: A Biopsychosocial Perspective, by Carolyn Amber Walter and Judith L. M. McCoyd”

“Loss is at the heart of growth…” (p. 323). That statement captures the spirit of this informational and directive treatise of loss and grief from a social work perspective. Carolyn Amber Walter an...
Preservation of Right-of-Way for Public Facilities

Purchase of right-of-way well in advance of the construction of urban facilities can reduce substantially the financial cost of their installation. The financial savings are possible during the period that the cost of the right-of-way is increasing faster than the discount rate. A computer model developed for planning measures for flood control was used to define the conditions under which holding can effect an economic savings and to estimate the economic cost of doing so.
Driving Force for the Association of Hydrophobic Peptides: The Importance of Electrostatic Interactions in Coarse-Grained Water Models

The hydrophobic effect plays a central role in many biological processes, including protein folding and aggregation. The hydrophobic interaction between solutes, such as helical peptides, is believed to be of entropic origin and driven by the increase in the entropy of water due to association. In this work, we examine the association between peptides in water using several coarse-grained (CG) models, such as MARTINI (MAR), polarizable MARTINI (POL), and big multipole water (BMW) models, where four atomistic water molecules are grouped into a single CG unit. All models predict that a pair of helical peptides (Ala20 and Leu20) has favorable association free energy. The BMW model is the only model, however, in which this association is entropy-driven, as has been previously established with atomistic simulations and experiments. The MAR and POL models, where the CG water particles do not have a quadrupole moment, predict an enthalpy-driven association, with a negligible entropy change upon association. Simi...
Anesthetic induction trismus, more than a closed-mouth problem

AbstractTrismus, or masseter hypertonia, that results from the use of succinylcholine during induction of anesthesia is a rare and dangerous phenomenon. It presents to the anesthesiologist the immediate problem of airway management but it also must be recognized by the physician as a harbinger of malignant hyperthermia. We report a case of induction trismus and discuss its association with malignant hyperthermia. The pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of malignant hyperthermia are reviewed.
The role of H2O in Martian magmatic systems

We have estimated the water content of Mars’ interior by using analyzed water contents of kaersutite inclusions from shergottites nakhlites chassignites (SNC) meteorites in conjunction with an experimentally-derived crystal-chemical model of kaersutite amphibole. This model predicts quantitatively the relationships between iron oxidation and hydrogen deficiency in the kaersutite. The H2O content of the magma from which the kaersutites in SNC meteorites could have crystallized is in the 100–1000 ppm range. That H2O content leads to an estimated water content of 1–35 ppm for a Martian mantle that could have been the source rock for such magmas.
A consensus-based, process commissioning template for high-dose-rate gynecologic treatments

Abstract Purpose There is a lack of prescriptive, practical information for those doing the work of commissioning high-dose-rate (HDR) gynecologic (GYN) treatment equipment. The purpose of this work is to develop a vendor-neutral, consensus-based, commissioning template to improve standardization of the commissioning process. Methods and Materials A series of commissioning procedures and tests specific to HDR GYN treatments were compiled within one institution. The list of procedures and tests was then sent to five external reviewers at clinics engaged in HDR GYN treatments. External reviewers were asked to (1) suggest deletions, additions, and improvements/modifications to descriptions, (2) link the procedures and tests to common, severe failure modes based on their effectiveness at mitigating those failure modes, and (3) rank the procedures and tests based on perceived level of importance. Results External reviewers suggested the addition of 14 procedures and tests. The final template consists of 67 procedures and tests. “Treatment process” and “staff training” sections were identified as mitigating the highest number of commonly reported failure modes. The mean perceived importance for all procedures and tests was 4.4 of 5, and the mean for each section ranged from 3.6 to 4.8. Sections of the template that were identified as mitigating the highest number of commonly reported failure modes were not assigned the highest perceived importance. Conclusion The commissioning template developed here provides a standardized approach to process and equipment commissioning. The discord between perceived importance and mitigation of the highest number of failure modes suggests that increased focus should be placed on procedures and tests in “treatment process” and “staff training” sections.
Together at Last

The Nevasa made it to the mouth of the Thames almost exactly a month after leaving Madras. Ramanujan disembarked and was taken to London, where he stayed for several days at a center that welcomed Indian students on their arrival in England. Neville arrived home in England around this time, and Ramanujan spent his first few months in Cambridge living with Neville and his wife in their house near Trinity College.
Molecular Imaging and Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Prostate Cancer.

During the last five years, there has been enormous progress in molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy of prostate cancer. Two molecular imaging agents (11C-choline and 1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutyl-1-carboxylic acid [18F-FACBC]) ([1][1],[2][2]) and one radionuclide therapy (223Ra-dichloride
Are You Scared Yet? On the Ethic of Sustainability and the Politics of Fear in Public Administration

This article offers a critical examination of the ethic of sustainability. It argues that, notwithstanding the importance of environmental problems, such an ethic has the effect of promoting a politics of fear by emphasizing our fears about human survival and security. As such, despite its attractions, an ethic of sustainability for public administration reinforces already deeply embedded antipolitical ways of thinking within the field that ignore its constitutional practices and traditions, and are potentially harmful to public administration practice.
Estimating Sentiment via Probability and Information Theory

Opinion detection and opinion analysis is a challenging but important task. Such sentiment analysis can be done using traditional supervised learning methods such as naive Bayes classification and support vector ma- chines (SVM) or unsupervised approaches based on a lexicon may be employed. Because lexicon-based senti- ment analysis methods make use of an opinion dictionary that is a list of opinion-bearing or sentiment words, sentiment lexicons play a key role. Our work focuses on the task of generating such a lexicon. We propose several novel methods to automatically generate a general-purpose sentiment lexicon using a corpus-based approach. While most existing methods generate a lexicon using a list of seed sentiment words and a domain corpus, our work differs from these by generating a lexicon from scratch using probabilistic techniques and information theoretical text mining techniques on a large diverse corpus. We conclude by presenting an ensem- ble method that combines the two approaches. We evaluate and demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods by utilizing the various automatically-generated lexicons during sentiment analysis. When used for sentiment analysis, our best single lexicon achieves an accuracy of 87.60% and the ensemble approach achieves 88.75% accuracy, both statistically significant improvements over 81.60% with a widely-used sentiment lexicon.
The Shadow Metropole: The Varieties of Anticolonialism in Ireland, 1937–68

On 20 February 1938, Korean nationalist and composer Eak Tai Ahn conducted Ireland’s Radio Telefis Eireann Symphony Orchestra in a performance that included Beethoven’s Egmont and two of his own works. Eak Tai, described by the Irish Independent as ‘slight, youthful, [and] elegant’, was in Ireland as part of a larger global tour intended to educate audiences about the plight of Korea, under Japanese colonial occupation since 1910.1 The tour included stops in Philadelphia and New York in the USA, and numerous European cities, including Paris, London, Vienna, and Budapest. The first of Eak Tai’s own compositions performed in Dublin was a fantasia entitled Korea, which had been a staple of the tour, incorporating Korean themes and instrumentation into Western musical frameworks. But the Dublin performance also featured a departure from his normal repertoire, as the composer led the orchestra in a new composition.2 The brief tune was without title, but was referred to colloquially as an ‘Aegukga’—Korean for a patriotic song.3 Eak Tai had composed it in the hopes of rousing support amongst Korean exiles and gaining diplomatic support against the Empire of Japan.
Myocardial perfusion dependent and independent mechanisms of regional myocardial dysfunction in hypertrophy

Reduced coronary reserve is one of the hallmarks of ventricular hypertrophy. Although this reduced coronary reserve may not affect baseline left ventricular (LV) function, it could be of greater importance during periods of stress such as occurs during exercise where increased metabolic demands induced by the stress may not be fully met by increases in coronary blood flow. The impaired subendocardial coronary reserve is caused not only by the hypertrophy but also by the hemodynamic changes, e.g., the LV subendocardial wall stress, which increases markedly upon exercise. In the severely hypertrophied heart during exercise there is impaired subendocardial wall function even after 10 beats, i.e., the first 3 s of exercise, at a time when LV pressures and stresses had not increased, and subendocardial perfusion was still preserved. During more severe exercise, subendocardial dysfunction persisted and was associated with reduced subendocardial perfusion. After β-adrenergic receptor blockade with propanolol, the most intense level of exercise was associated with lesser increases in systolic and diastolic LV wall stresses, heart rate, and LV dP/dt, and the endo/epi blood flow ratio, an index of adequacy of subendocardial perfusion, was no longer reduced below unity, and there were no decreases in subendocardial wall thickening. Thus, the subendocardial dysfunction occurred rapidly, before alterations in LV systolic or diastolic wall stress or an alteration in the endo/epi blood flow ratio. However, the subendocardial hypoperfusion and depression in subendocardial wall thickening observed during more severe exercise in dogs with LV hypertrophy was prevented by pretreatment with β-adrenergic receptor blockade. Therefore, myocardial perfusion dependent and independent mechanisms mediate regional myocardial dysfunction during exercise in the hypertrophied heart.
Quality-of-Life Outcomes Following Surface Electromyography Biofeedback as an Adjunct to Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Urinary Incontinence: A Case Report.

Background:A noninvasive treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) is surface electromyography (sEMG) biofeedback with pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training. A lack of consensus and evidence exists on the quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes following sEMG biofeedback using surface electrodes at the perineum co
Women "Sensemaking" Organizations and Their Careers: A Qualitative Study of Women's Engineers

Current theories of career development (CD) do not adequately address women whose careers develop differently than men’s (Sullivan & Arthur, 2006). While women’s workforce participation rates indic...
Liking the (Funny) Messenger: The Influence of News Parody Exposure, Mirth, and Predispositions on Media Trust

ABSTRACTThis article features a multi-study research effort (Study 1 N = 331; Study 2 N = 317) examining how predispositions toward a humor source and the perceived humor (i.e., mirth) of a related comedic message can, together, influence media trust-based expectations. Noting the revered status and cultural prominence of various news parody show hosts, this article proposes that feelings of favorability for a news parody humor source (for example, Jon Stewart or John Oliver) can translate into positive perceptions of the press upon exposure to news parody messages. Drawing from principles of the heuristic-systemic information processing model (HSM) and affective disposition theory, the study findings indicate that one’s affective disposition toward a news parody source can have an indirect effect on media trust, as mediated by a feeling of mirth. Upon conducting a test of moderated mediation, the effect is demonstrated to be conditioned by one’s news parody orientation. That is, affective disposition’s m...
Improving Parallelism in Hardware Transactional Memory

Today’s hardware transactional memory (HTM) systems rely on existing coherence protocols, which implement a requester-wins strategy. This, in turn, leads to poor performance when transactions frequently conflict, causing them to resort to a non-speculative fallback path. Often, such a path severely limits parallelism. In this article, we propose very simple architectural changes to the existing requester-wins HTM implementations that enhance conflict resolution between hardware transactions and thus improve their parallelism. Our idea is compatible with existing HTM systems, requires no changes to target applications that employ traditional lock synchronization, and is shown to provide robust performance benefits.
Effects of a lymphedema prevention intervention on range of motion among women receiving lymph node dissection for breast cancer treatment (Alliance) CALGB 70305.

123Background: Lymph node dissection, axillary or sentinel, often results in restrictions of arm movement, including range of motion (ROM), either temporarily or permanently. The objective of this ...
Broadly Reactive Human Monoclonal Antibodies Elicited following Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Exposure Protect Mice against Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Challenge.

Broadly cross-reactive antibodies (Abs) that recognize conserved epitopes within the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) stalk domain are of particular interest for their potential use as therapeutic and prophylactic agents against multiple influenza virus subtypes, including zoonotic virus strains. Here, we characterized four human HA stalk-reactive monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for their binding breadth and affinity, in vitro neutralization capacity, and in vivo protective potential against an highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. The monoclonal antibodies were isolated from individuals shortly following infection with (70-1F02 and 1009-3B05) or vaccination against (05-2G02 and 09-3A01) A(H1N1)pdm09. Three of the MAbs bound HAs from multiple strains of group 1 viruses, and one MAb, 05-2G02, bound to both group 1 and group 2 influenza A virus HAs. All four antibodies prophylactically protected mice against a lethal challenge with the highly pathogenic A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) strain. Two MAbs, 70-1F02 and 09-3A01, were further tested for their therapeutic efficacy against the same strain and showed good efficacy in this setting as well. One MAb, 70-1F02, cocrystallized with H5 HA and showed heavy-chain-only interactions similar to those seen with the previously described CR6261 anti-stalk antibody. Finally, we show that antibodies that compete with these MAbs are prevalent in serum from an individual recently infected with the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. The antibodies described here can be developed into broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics that could be used to combat infections by zoonotic or emerging pandemic influenza viruses. IMPORTANCE The rise in zoonotic infections of humans by emerging influenza viruses is a worldwide public health concern. The majority of recent zoonotic human influenza cases were caused by H7N9 and H5Nx viruses and were associated with high morbidity and mortality. In addition, seasonal influenza viruses are estimated to cause up to 650,000 deaths annually worldwide. Currently available antiviral treatment options include only neuraminidase inhibitors, but some influenza viruses are naturally resistant to these drugs, and others quickly develop resistance-conferring mutations. Alternative therapeutics are urgently needed. Broadly protective antibodies that target the conserved “stalk” domain of the hemagglutinin represent potential potent antiviral prophylactic and therapeutic agents that can assist pandemic preparedness. Here, we describe four human monoclonal antibodies that target conserved regions of influenza HA and characterize their binding spectrum as well as their protective capacity in prophylactic and therapeutic settings against a lethal challenge with a zoonotic influenza virus.
An approach for enabling the use of immersive virtual reality in desktop hybrid interfaces

Hybrid User Interfaces, which create a heterogeneous environment providing different interaction forms and devices, may be enhanced by exploring more extensively the mixed reality continuum, which ranges from the real world to the complete virtual world, passing by augmented reality and augmented virtuality. Some hybrid interface approaches have been developed making use of the real world or enhanced by augmented reality resources. This work presents an alternative to include immersive virtual reality in hybrid user interfaces in a common desktop setup. In order to enable this inclusion, augmented virtuality was used to enhance the virtual environment with real world information. In this case, that information refers to the physical interaction space available in the users desktop. Some advantages of the use of immersive virtual reality in this context are discussed by means of the analysis of 3D interaction techniques.
COLLAGE: An NLP Toolset to Support Boolean Retrieval

COLLAGE is a collection of processes and methods which carry out automatic analysis of topics in a natural language form. The results of this analysis are used to determine which NLP resources should be applied to converting each part of a topic into a set of Boolean queries, and how the document lists resulting from the application of each query should be combined to give a final list of ranked documents.
Control of chemical contaminants in foods: past, present, and future.

In the late 1930s and early 1940s, almost the only analyses carried out for chemical contaminants in foods were for lead arsenate and other arsenical pesticides in fruits. Since then, a tremendous expansion has occurred in the types of chemical contaminants found in foods and in the activities of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other organizations responsible for monitoring and controlling the presence of these contaminants in the food supply. This paper describes the findings and control of additional chemical contaminants in foods, including synthetic pesticides, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), other industrial chemicals, fungal metabolites such as aflatoxins, toxic metals, and radionuclides. The common characteristics of problems connected with these different types of contaminants include uncontrolled entry into the food supply, incidents causing extreme public worry, and near impossibility in removing these contaminants from the food supply. Problems may also arise from new technologies and environmental developments. New approaches beyond ordinary regulatory activities are being used to meet these problems. Broader analytical methods requiring less time and faster and more sophisticated toxicological methods are needed to assess the hazard of these environmental food contaminants.
PUG: a framework and practical implementation for why and why-not provenance

Explaining why an answer is (or is not) returned by a query is important for many applications including auditing, debugging data and queries, and answering hypothetical questions about data. In this work, we present the first practical approach for answering such questions for queries with negation (first-order queries). Specifically, we introduce a graph-based provenance model that, while syntactic in nature, supports reverse reasoning and is proven to encode a wide range of provenance models from the literature. The implementation of this model in our PUG (Provenance Unification through Graphs) system takes a provenance question and Datalog query as an input and generates a Datalog program that computes an explanation, i.e., the part of the provenance that is relevant to answer the question. Furthermore, we demonstrate how a desirable factorization of provenance can be achieved by rewriting an input query. We experimentally evaluate our approach demonstrating its efficiency.
An emotion regulation-focused theoretical framework for co-occurring nicotine addiction and PTSD: Comments on existing treatments and future directions

The prevalence of smoking among those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is 2–6 times higher than the general adult population. Smoking intensifies PTSD symptoms, which in turn, contribute t...
Structure of intermediate filament assembly in hair deduced from hydration studies using small-angle neutron scattering

Abstract Intermediate filaments (IFs) are ubiquitous in biological structures including hair. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data from hydrated samples were used in this study to investigate the distribution of water in hair, and model the structure of the IF assembly. A main diffraction peak at a d-spacing of ∼90 A, and two weaker reflections show that IFs are arranged in a ∼105 A quasi-hexagonal lattice. Changes in the diffraction peaks show that only a small fraction of the water absorbed by hair enters between the IFs, and little water diffuses into the core of the IFs. The amount of water in the IF assembly increases rapidly up to 10% relative humidity (RH), and then slowly with further increase in RH. Most of the water appears to reside outside the IF assembly, in the voids and at the interfaces, and contribute to the central diffuse scattering. The IF assembly in the decuticled hair absorbs more water and is more ordered than that the native hair. This suggests that cuticle acts as a barrier, and might constrain the structure by compressing the cortex radially. Treatments with oils that are hydrophobic, heat treatment, and reduction of the S-S linkages that opens up the matrix by disulfide bond cleavage, all affect structure and water permeability. Coconut oil was found to impede hydration more than the soybean oil because of its ability to penetrate deeper into hair. A new model for the IF assembly that is sterically more favorable than the previous models is proposed.
Promoting classroom interactivity in computer science courses using laptops, pen-based computers, tablet PC'S, and DyKnow software: tutorial presentation

This tutorial will teach participants about the use of pen-based software system named DyKnow Vision (www.dyknow.com, US patent 7,003,728 B2) to teach computer science classes. The tutorial will be based on experiences (as described below) using the system to teach at DePauw University. Although DyKnow tools can be used with a variety of inexpensive hardware configurations, at DePauw University, DyKnow is used in classroom equipped with a pen-based computer or Tablet PC for each student. The tutorial will teach participants about various pen-based computing devices, including inexpensive (less than $100) graphics tablets that can turn an ordinary laptop or desktop machine into a pen-based system, interactive pen displays, and Tablet PCs. Uses of these devices to support effective pedagogy in the computer science classroom will be emphasized.
How Cell-to-Cell Heterogeneity and Scarce Resources Shape the Population-Level Stability Profile of Toggle Switches

The lack of modularity in synthetic biology presents one of the major bottlenecks in the scalability of complex gene circuits. One source of this context-dependent behavior is the scarcity of shared transcriptional and translational resources. To overcome this issue, predictive computational tools must account for the resulting competition phenomenon both when studying individual cells and at the population-level considering cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Since toggle switches are one of the most widely used genetic modules, here we focus on how shared resources affect the stability profile of toggle switches even in the presence of loading from their context. Modeling the parameters of the toggle switch as random variables reveals how cellular context, noise and correlation between key parameters shape the population-level stability distribution. To demonstrate the relevance of our results, we illustrate that detrimental effects of even unknown contexts can be bounded, thus enabling the design of genetic modules that are robust to disturbances due to unknown loading effects.
Steepest Descent Neural Architecture Optimization: Escaping Local Optimum with Signed Neural Splitting.

Developing efficient and principled neural architecture optimization methods is a critical challenge of modern deep learning. Recently, Liu et al.[19] proposed a splitting steepest descent (S2D) method that jointly optimizes the neural parameters and architectures based on progressively growing network structures by splitting neurons into multiple copies in a steepest descent fashion. However, S2D suffers from a local optimality issue when all the neurons become "splitting stable", a concept akin to local stability in parametric optimization. In this work, we develop a significant and surprising extension of the splitting descent framework that addresses the local optimality issue. The idea is to observe that the original S2D is unnecessarily restricted to splitting neurons into positive weighted copies. By simply allowing both positive and negative weights during splitting, we can eliminate the appearance of splitting stability in S2D and hence escape the local optima to obtain better performance. By incorporating signed splittings, we significantly extend the optimization power of splitting steepest descent both theoretically and empirically. We verify our method on various challenging benchmarks such as CIFAR-100, ImageNet and ModelNet40, on which we outperform S2D and other advanced methods on learning accurate and energy-efficient neural networks.
The Clinical Impact of a Negative Molecular β-Lactamase Gene Test for Enterobacteriaceae: Let's Not Let Perfect Be the Enemy of Really Good.

We read with interest “Evaluation of Empiric β-Lactam Susceptibility Prediction among Enterobacteriaceae by Molecular β-Lactamase Gene Testing” by Spafford and colleagues ([1][1]). We commend the authors for their analysis of nationwide susceptibility/resistance gene data to provide an