cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of quantitative evaluation method of social effect of socio-technical projects

The key indicators of social effect are determined, which are the basis for the quantitative evaluation of social changes in the region, where the socio-technical project is implemented. These include raising the employment rate, improving housing provision, increasing the availability and quality of services, and increasing the availability of active and cultural recreation. The factors affecting the manageability of the socio-technical project, which should form the basis of accounting the risks of the socio-technical project are identified. These are high project risks, a high probability of project scope changes, elongated project execution phases, participation of unique resources in the project. The formation mechanism of the social effect, showing its nature is developed. This mechanism helps to understand the importance of prioritization when planning the social outcomes in the implementation of socio-technical projects. The essence of this mechanism is to transform the needs and resources into the positive and negative social effect. The model for simulating the size of the social effect, depending on the needs of a social group and the value of the project output generated in a social group is developed. This model is a graphical interpretation of the social effect formation process. The mathematical model for the quantitative evaluation of the social effect is developed. This model allows obtaining an integral indicator of social changes in the consumer's interaction with the project output. The resulting quantity is dynamic and distributed in time, its numerical value can be both positive and negative. Quantitative evaluation of the social effect of the socio-technical project allows understanding how deep changes occurred in the social life of the territory, what principles should form the basis of new management methodologies, and what results are not achieved. It should be considered that the social effect indirectly contributes to economic efficiency, since the socio-technical system usually increases the attractiveness of the territory in which it is located.
Relative operating characteristic analysis in reproductive medicine: comparison of progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin doubling time as predictors of early gestational normalcy.

Objective To directly compare the ability of serum P and hCG doubling time to predict early gestational complications. Design We analyzed differences in P concentrations and hCG doubling times between spontaneously conceived normal and abnormal pregnancies (abortions and tubal pregnancies) during the first 49 days of pregnancy. Multiple 2 × 2 contingency tables were constructed that compared pregnancy outcome within discriminatory serum P concentrations or hCG doubling time. From these tables relative operating characteristic curves were generated for P concentration and hCG doubling times. The area under the curves were estimated and compared by the critical z score. Results Calculation of the areas under the curve for hCG doubling time and P concentration yielded values of 0.799 ± 0.056 and 0.780 ± 0.051 (mean ± SEM), respectively. Critical z testing did not reveal a significant difference between the two curves. Conclusion Serum P and hCG doubling times equally predict early gestational normalcy. Thus, a single serum P may be just as valuable in estimating risks of early pregnancy complications as repeated hCG measurements.
FCC Open Internet Reply Comments

Designating ISPs as telecommunications providers subject to Title II regulations would contradict the intention of Congress that the Internet remain free from regulatory burdens. As the FCC rapidly moves away from common carrier regulatory models of networks, net neutrality supporters are trying to drag large parts of the dynamic Internet under a rigid regulatory rubric. Mandating Title II obligations for ISPs would be legally unsound because ISPs do not hold themselves out as common carriers. Further, Title II risks harming consumers and competition with neutrality mandates. The Internet has never been neutral, and priority traffic management has been used for years. “Fast lanes” benefit consumers every day, and restricting their use would stymie future innovations and competition. The FCC also cannot ignore the undesirable ancillary effects of Title II, namely, the increased risk of greater ITU and foreign regulation of the global Internet. The Internet and mobile broadband industries are one of a few bright spots in the US economy and a source of global freedom of expression. Given all the legal and economic uncertainties, the FCC should exercise regulatory humility and permit markets and innovation to continue to operate in broadband unimpeded.
Lack of Sedation

This case discusses a pharmacokinetic interaction between midazolam and carbamazepine. Midazolam is a cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate and carbamazepine is a 3A4 inducer. Coadministration significantly decreases the sedative effects of oral midazolam.
LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN LEFT VENTRICULAR STIFFNESS: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY

In cross sectional studies, left ventricular (LV) and arterial elastance (stiffness) increase with age and are correlated with one another. LV stiffening is a key mechanism causing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) that is widely felt to be the consequence of arterial stiffening
What is the Dog Population

(1969). What is the Dog Population? Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 217-219.
Siddhartha’s Brain: Unlocking the Ancient Science of Enlightenment, by J. Kingsland

Siddhartha’s Brain: Unlocking the Ancient Science of Enlightenment explores a fascinating intersection of ancient wisdom and modern science. Author James Kingsland masterfully connects core teachin...
Off-axis scatterer filters for improved aberration measurements

Successful adaptive imaging requires accurate measurements of the aberration profile across the array surface. A spatial filter is proposed in this work to obtain more accurate aberration measurements by suppressing wavefronts from off-axis scatterers. Application of these filters to the RF signals of the individual elements rejects wavefronts arriving from angles other than the look direction and results in an increase in element-to-element correlation. Off-axis scatterer filtering reduced the amount of residual error after phase correction by up to 36% on a 1 /spl times/ 192 array and as much as 21% for a 8 /spl times/ 96 array. Contrast measurements show that lesion contrast can increase up to 18% with this method.
Two-Year Gender Differences in Satisfaction with Appearance after Burn Injury and Prediction of Five-Year Depression: A Latent Growth Curve Approach

Abstract Objectives To use latent growth curve and longitudinal structural equation modeling to examine the 2-year trajectory of satisfaction with appearance in adults with burn injury, and that trajectory's effect on depression 5 years after burn injury. Design Data were collected at discharge after burn injury hospitalization and at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years postdischarge. Setting The Burn Model Systems (BMS) program consisted of a data center and 5 participating burn centers. Participants The sample consisted of adults (N=720) who were hospitalized for a burn injury, enrolled in the BMS database, and completed measures at least once throughout the 5-year study duration. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Satisfaction With Appearance Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (depression). Results Women with burn injury reported higher levels of dissatisfaction with their appearance in comparison to their male counterparts over the 2 years after discharge. Individuals with a larger total body surface area (TBSA) affected by a burn also reported greater body dissatisfaction across the postdischarge 2-year period. Results did not support significant gender or TBSA differences in the rate of change of body dissatisfaction trajectories across these 2 years. Individuals with greater body dissatisfaction at 6 months postdischarge tended to have higher depressive symptoms at 5 years. Six month postdischarge, body dissatisfaction scores also mediated the effects of gender and TBSA on depressive symptoms 5 years later. Conclusions It is recommended that individuals with heightened body image dissatisfaction after a burn, particularly women and those with larger TBSA, participate in evidence-based psychosocial interventions to improve long-term adjustment.
Intercorporate Political Competition in Transition Economies

This paper explores one aspect of firms’ corporate political involvement in transition economies, namely their engagement in state capture--influence on the formation of political decisions, laws, ...
An IEP for Me: Program Improvement for Rural Teachers of Students With Moderate to Severe Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Developing high-quality programming for students with moderate to severe disability (MSD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be challenging for teachers across the range of experience and training including those in rural contexts. This article outlines a process for the iterative refinement of teaching programs comprised of an evaluation of the current program, the identification of targets for improvement, the development of goals and objectives, and the creation of an implementation plan. Furthermore, strategies for facilitating implementation are discussed.
Interpret the Results (Worksheet F)

The goal of this chapter is to clearly explicate the project results statements based on PIO MM. To complete the results statements for each analysis there are three heuristics: State what can be known from the findings, do not go beyond the data, and give alternative explanations for the findings. Completing and interpreting the analysis provides the information needed to complete statements for the Characteristics of the Sample, Description of the Outcomes, Statistical Significance of the Outcomes, and Practical Significance of the Outcomes. If measured, Description of the Intervention with fidelity measures (alignment with guideline or expected interventions) and dose (frequency counts) may also be described.
Learning more from feedback: Elaborating feedback with examples enhances concept learning

Abstract Two experiments investigated whether elaborating practice-test feedback with conceptual examples could increase conceptual understanding. In the present study, participants studied psychology terms and definitions. During the practice test phase, the definition was presented and participants attempted to recall the corresponding concept term. Immediately after responding, half of the participants were given feedback that provided the correct term. The other half was shown the correct term, followed by presentation of a concept example. To assess concept learning, in Experiment 1 participants were given a final cued recall test in which they were presented with either the previously studied definition or a new example and were prompted to provide the correct concept term. The results of Experiment 1 showed that elaborated feedback enhanced performance on tests of both the definitions and the new examples. In Experiment 2 participants took final classification tests to rule out the possibility that feedback elaborated with examples primarily facilitated access to the term name rather than strengthening conceptual understanding. Results demonstrated that presentation of examples during feedback bolstered performance across all test types and formats.
Equilibria and Location Choice in Corporate Tax Regimes

This article considers the impact of preferential, base-specific taxation on equilibrium revenues. While policy makers have argued that it generates a prisoner’s dilemma result, there is mixed supp...
Limb-sparing sarcoma reconstruction with functional composite thigh flaps

Introduction Innervated muscle transfer can improve functional outcomes after extensive limb-sparing sarcoma resections. We report our experience using composite thigh flaps for functional reconstruction of large oncologic extremity defects. Patients and methods Between 2011 and 2014, four limb-sparing oncologic resections (3 lower extremities, 1 upper extremity) underwent immediate functional reconstruction with composite thigh free flaps in three males and one female. The age of the patients ranged from 36 to 73 years. There were 3 soft-tissue sarcomas and one giant cell tumor, all required resection of entire muscle compartments. Flap components included fasciocutaneous tissue with sensory nerve, plicated iliotibial band (ITB), and variable amounts of motorized vastus lateralis (VL). Results All flaps survived without complications. All patients showed VL motor innervation by six months. Follow-up ranged from 20 to 36 months. Motor strength ranged from 2 to 5 out of 5, active range of motion was 25–92% of normal, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) Scores were between 22 and 29 out of 30. Conclusions Limb-sparing techniques for upper and lower extremity sarcomas continue to evolve. Our experience has validated the composite thigh free flap as an excellent option for one-stage functional reconstruction of large limb defects.
Weak convergence of local quantile treatment effect processes

Abstract This paper considers a quantile regression process in the instrument variable model of Abadie et al. (2002). We extend pointwise analysis of local quantile treatment effects (LQTE) to the quantile process by establishing its weak convergence. We discuss the usefulness of our result in the context of hypothesis testing for the LQTE process.
Alzheimer's disease evaluation using label-free, stainless, fluorescence to measure tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway

Under stress conditions, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin 6 and interferon gamma are released. It is known that these cytokines stimulate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), which increase tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway, and that this can cause increased production of neurotoxic compounds. Brain tissues from Alzheimer’s disease patients and agematched controls were investigated using label-free fluorescence spectroscopy. Tryptophan (exc. 280/ em. 340 nm) and its metabolites (N-formyl-L-kynurenine (exc. 325/em. 434 nm), kynurenine (exc. 365/em. 480 nm) and kynurenic acid (exc. 330/em. 390 nm)) have distinct spectral profiles. Preliminary results show a difference in the optical signatures in three important areas of the brain (hippocampus, BA 9, BA 17) between patients with Alzheimer’s disease and agedmatched controls (normal), and a marked relative increase in tryptophan in the Alzheimer’s patients. Thus determinations of tryptophan to tryptophan metabolite ratios could potentially be used to measure IDO and TDO activity and the degree of inflammation in the brain. This label-free optical technique may be useful in the study of Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Adhesion-Related Integral Membrane Glycoproteins Identified by Monoclonal Antibodies

The isolation of integral surface membrane molecules participating in adhesive phenomena is an important but elusive goal of developmental and cell biology. Adhesion-inhibiting polyclonal antibodies were first used by Gerisch (1977) to identify glycoproteins responsible for Dictyostelium aggregation. This immunological approach has been used subsequently by several groups for the study of cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion in mammalian systems. In this paradigm, a broad-spectrum polyclonal antiserum is raised that interferes with the adhesion process. Relevant cell surface molecules are then detected and subsequently purified by monitoring their ability to block antibody-induced alterations in adhesion. This approach has resulted in the identification and isolation of membrane glycoproteins involved in adhesive phenomena in several systems (Thiery et al., 1977; Bertolotti et al., 1980; Edelman, 1983; Damsky et al., 1981, 1983; Knudsen et al., 1981; Kemler et al., 1977; Johnson et al., 1979; Ducibella, 1980; Takiechi et al., 1981; Hyafil et al., 1981). Although this approach has been fruitful, it has limitations. First, with a broad-spectrum serum that perturbs adhesion, it is not possible to use affinity chromatography to purify the antigen. Therefore purification schemes must be developed using an antiserum inhibition assay to monitor progress. Second, if more than one polypeptide is present in the purified blocking activity, the relation of each to adhesion must be established.
Collaborative Ties Within: Public Organizations and the Latent Capacity for Advice Network Formation

Many organizations have benefited greatly from an informal structuring process, whereby individuals voluntarily cross intraorganizational boundaries to seek or share advice. Often referred to as advice networks, these collaborative ties can serve as a powerful social conduit for the circulation of information and knowledge. Yet, the extent to which public organizations might benefit from the emergence of advice networks may vary significantly. To help explain some of this variability and offer some guidance as to how public managers can assess the latent capacity of their organizations for advice network formation, this article reports on a study that looks for the precursors or earliest possible indicator of such capacity. Although in need of further investigation, the findings suggest that determining the mix of cultural personalities within an organization should be the starting point, or at least a prominent component, in any effort to assess that capacity. Implications of cultural personalities for organizations, human resources, and the individual are discussed with reference to future study and impact on organizational studies of collaborative ties and advice networks.
OP178: Progression of oral cancer from early to late stage after invasive dental treatments

Introduction Patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often present initially to a dentist complaining of a dental problem. These early cancerous changes are at times misdiagnosed as chronic infection resulting in invasive and often multiple dental procedures. This not only delays diagnosis and treatment, but also affects the integrity of cortical bone and promotes mandibular invasion, resulting in accelerated progression of the disease. Methods A retrospective review of OSCC patients, presenting after multiple dental treatments, was performed. The clinical findings, imaging, treatment and pathology were reviewed. Results There were a total of 15 patients (nine females). The median duration of symptoms before their initial dental visit was 21 months (range: 6 months to 15 years). The presenting complaints included chronic oral lesions, ulcerations, swelling or jaw pain. Dental treatment, in the form of dental extractions, periodontal surgery or scaling and root planning without tissue biopsy, was the first treatment rendered on all of these patients. Nine patients (60%) were diagnosed with an OSCC within 6 months of the dental procedure, two were diagnosed within 1 year and the others over one year following the procedure. The primary tumors were located on the gingiva, floor of mouth or retromolar trigone. Eleven patients (73%) had bone involvement, eight patients (53%) had nodal metastases and five patients (33%) had perineural invasion at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion Disrupting the mandibular periosteum in the proximity of an otherwise T1 lesion could facilitate bone invasion and thus accelerate the progression of OSCC to T4 tumor. If oral cancer is suspected, a biopsy should be performed prior to dental procedures such as extraction or periodontal surgery is initiated. This could expedite diagnosis, prevent treatment delays and potentially improve therapeutic outcome.
A Dynamic Model for Phytohormone Control of Rhizome Growth and Development

Despite the economic and medicinal importance of plant rhizomes, the biology of rhizomes has received only cursory attention in recent years. We review the existing literature on rhizome growth, development, and function and discuss outstanding questions that may benefit from application of new technologies such as next-generation sequencing, detailed metabolite profiling, and proteomics. In addition, we outline a new model of the environmental and phytohormone control of rhizome apical dominance and shooting and discuss how this model is followed in different rhizomatous species. The relationship between source carbon availability and specific phytohormones with regard to control of apical dominance is discussed.
Driving Knowledge Management at Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company is a global car manufacturer with over 360.000 employees, and 110 manufacturing facilities in over 30 countries. For more company information visit www.ford.com. Best Practice Replication (eBPR) is Ford Motor Company’s proprietary process, with an accompanying intranet website, that collects, distributes, and tracks the value of replicating better ways of doing business across the enterprise. This initiative has proven it can deliver value from knowledge, over a five year period US$ 1.3 billion in projected value has been added to the business, and US$ 886 million in actual benefits have been recorded. This global based process is managed within Ford’s IT and eBusiness Infrastructure organization. Acknowledgment of Ford’s Best Practice Replication Process has come from sources outside the company. The process has been licensed to Nabisco, Royal Dutch Shell, and Kraft Foods.
First demonstration of improved capsule implosions by reducing radiation preheat in uranium vs gold hohlraums

In indirectly-driven Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) implosions, supra-thermal M-band (>2 keV) radiation from principally 4–3 resonance line transitions generated during laser irradiation at the peak power of Au hohlraum walls can preheat the fusion capsule and reduce compressional pressure. Higher Z, un-lined depleted uranium (DU) hohlraums were used for the first time in ICF implosions on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to reduce M-band radiation levels while keeping the total radiation flux similar to Au hohlraums. First implosions in DU demonstrate an increase in in-flight density (+15%) of high density carbon capsules, and hence in stagnated hot spot temperature (+15%), hot spot x-ray (+200%) and fusion neutron yields (+100%) compared to Au hohlraums. We show analytically that these changes are consistent with the observed 40% reduction in M-band x-ray flux in DU, and are in agreement with 2D hydrodynamic simulations. This result had a major impact on ICF research on the NIF where a significant fraction of high neutron yield implosions are currently using un-lined DU hohlraums.
Treatment with Lanreotide Depot Following Octreotide Long-Acting Release Among Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Abstract Objective: To examine patients with metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) who receive sequential treatment with somatostatin analogs. Materials and Methods: Th...
The sociopolitical struggle and promise of bilingual teacher education: Past, present, and future

ABSTRACTThis article draws from historical, political, theoretical, and practice perspectives that provide a comprehensive analysis of how bilingual teacher education programs have strategically na...
LA MENTIRA Y LA ESTRUCTURA SOCIAL

Este trabajo versa sobre la mentira en la forma en que se le usa en una comunidad campesina en el sur del Ecuador. Describe como y por que la gente miente y relaciona su practica a la estructura social de la localidad.Pretende ofrecer una explicacion tanto historica como estructural-funcional del lugar que ocupa la mentira en esta comunidad. La palabra mentira se usa en este trabajo en el mas amplio sentido del termino: una falsa representacion de lo que uno considera verdadero, que va desde una ligera y sugestiva deformacion del hecho hasta una falsedadtotal y fantasiosa; un complejo invento de elementos del pasado y del futuro. En terminos generales mentir implica consciente intencion de enganar. Se sugiere al lector eliminar las connotaciones morales que generalmente tiene el termino mentira y examinar las descripciones expuestas en este trabajo con la imparcialidad que requiere un fenomeno social no estudiado.
Using Telegraphic Input With Children With Language Delays: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Practices and Perspectives

Purpose Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) often simplify their language input when talking to young children with language delays, but there is some controversy regarding whether simplified input...
CO substitution in Ru3(CO)12 by 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)-N-phenyl-maleimide (bppm). X-ray diffraction structure of Ru2(CO)6(bppm)

The cluster Ru3(CO)12 reacts with the diphosphine ligand 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)-N-phenyl-maleimide (bppm) in toluene solution at 100○C by fragmentation to give a 2:1 mixture of the donor–acceptor complex Ru2(CO)6(μ-bppm) and the phosphido-bridged species Ru2(CO)6\([\mu {\text{ - }}{\text{(O)](}}\mu _{\text{2}} {\text{ - PPh}}_{\text{2}} )\), respectively. The new diruthenium compounds have been isolated by chromatography and characterized in solution by IR and NMR (1H and 31P) spectroscopies, in addition to X-ray diffraction analysis in the case of Ru2(CO)6( μ2 -bppm). Ru2(CO)6( μ2 -bppm), which exists as two crystallographically independent molecules in the unit cell, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, a = 18.8441(9), b = 21.352(2), c = 36.510(2) A, V = 14,690(1) A3, z = 16, Dcalc = 1.649 g/cm3; R = 0.0356, and Rw = 0.0812 for 17732 observed reflections. The reactivity of the bis(diphenylphosphino)-N-phenyl-maleimide ligand with Ru3(CO)12 under thermolysis conditions is contrasted with the related diphosphine ligands 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)maleic anhydride (bma) and 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (bpcd).
Simulation Methods for Life and Remaining Strength Prediction of High-Temperature Polymeric Composites Subjected to Cyclic Loads

The purpose of this paper is to establish and demonstrate a methodology for the prediction of the remaining strength and life of polymer-based composite laminates subjected to cyclic and sustained thermomechanical conditions. Conditions to be considered include elevated temperature (in air) and cyclic (fatigue) loading at various stress levels. The approach taken is to construct a simulation of the damage accumulation process and failure mode that controls the remaining strength and life for carbon fiber-reinforced K3B polymer matrix systems. The simulation is based on micromechanical and ply-level models of composite strength that combine the properties, geometry, and arrangement of the constituents to estimate the global strength as a function of those parameters. As applied conditions influence those parameters, those influences are combined to yield estimates of the remaining strength and life (when global strength is reduced to the level of the applied conditions). These predicted values for the remaining strength as a function of the number of fatigue cycles, temperature, and load level are in good agreement with available experimentally measured values.
Dapagliflozin in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes Reduces Hospitalization for Heart Failure But Does Not Reduce Death, Myocardial Infarction, or Stroke.

The only cardiovascular benefit to treatment with dapagliflozin was a reduction in the likelihood of hospitalization; 125 patients would need to be treated for 10 years to prevent one hospitalization.
Designing a modified clostridial 2[4Fe–4S] ferredoxin as a redox coupler to directly link photosystem I with a Pt nanoparticle

A methodology previously developed in our laboratory utilized an aliphatic hydrocarbon terminated by thiol groups to tether two redox proteins, i.e., the [4Fe–4S] cluster FB of photosystem I (PS I) and the distal [4Fe–4S] cluster of a [FeFe]-hydrogenase, to create a biohybrid dihydrogen-generating complex. These studies guided the design of a modified 2[4Fe–4S] cluster ferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum (CpFd) containing two externally facing cysteine residues in close proximity to each [4Fe–4S] cluster that replaces the aliphatic hydrocarbon dithiol tether. The advantage of using a protein is the potential to create a coupled dihydrogen-generating system in vivo. The wild-type CpFdWT and variants CpFdS11C/D40C, CpFdP20C/P49C, CpFdD7S/D36S, CpFdS11C/D40C/D7S/D36S and CpFdP20C/P49C/D7S/D36S were expressed in Escherichia coli and found to contain ~ 8 Fe and ~ 8 S atoms. The absorption spectra of the wild-type and CpFd variants displayed a peak centered at ~ 390 nm characteristic of a S → Fe charge transfer band that diminishes upon reduction with Na-dithionite. Low-temperature X-band EPR studies of the Na-dithionite-reduced wild-type and CpFd variants showed a complex spectrum indicative of two magnetically coupled [4Fe–4S]1+ clusters. EPR-monitored redox titrations of CpFdWT, CpFdD7S/D36S, CpFdS11C/D40C, CpFdP20C/P49C, CpFdS11C/D40C/D7S/D36S and CpFdP20C/P49C/D7S/D36S revealed redox potentials of − 412 ± 8 mV, − 395 ± 4 mV, − 408 ± 7 mV, − 426 ± 11 mV, − 384 ± 4 mV and − 423 ± 4 mV, respectively. The in vitro PS I–CpFdS11C/D40C/D7S/D36S–Pt nanoparticle complex was the highest performer, generating dihydrogen at a rate of 3.25 μmol H2 mg Chl−1 h−1 or 278.8 mol H2 mol PS I−1 h−1 under continuous illumination.
Speaking of indigeneity: Navigating genealogies against erasure and #RhetoricSoWhite

ABSTRACTGiven the force of colonial violence and the politics of erasure, I argue it is imperative to deeply address what Rhetorical Studies has inherited from academic predecessors and to uncover ...
Evaluating performance of Lasso relative to PCA and LDA to classify dyes on fibers

Abstract Classification of dyes and their concentrations on fibers can be difficult due to the abundance of fiber data as well as the complexity of that data (i.e., large number of wavelengths in UV–visible spectral data). Combining UV–visible spectral data with multivariate statistics can aid in the interpretability and classification of dyes. Sparse chemometrics simplifies the predictive model by shrinking unimportant variable coefficients to zero. Only the most significant variables are retained in the final model. This research achieves sparsity using logistic regression with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso). When compared to a more common statistical method for classification, Lasso outperformed principal component analysis (PCA) combined with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) both in prediction accuracy and model interpretability. As statistics becomes more critical to forensic science, the sparse chemometric approach can bolster the interpretation of results when applied to trace evidence.
Does facial hair greying in chimpanzees provide a salient progressive cue of aging

The greying of human head hair is arguably the most salient marker of human aging. In wild mammal populations, greying can change with life history or environmental factors (e.g., sexual maturity in silverback gorillas). Yet, whether humans are unique in our pattern of age-related hair depigmentation is unclear. We examined the relationship between pigmentation loss in facial hair (greying) to age, population, and sex in wild and captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Digital facial photographs representing three chimpanzee populations (N = 145; ages 1-60 years) were scored for hair greying on a scale of one [~100% pigmented] to six [~0% pigmented]. Our data suggest that chimpanzee head and facial hair generally greys with age prior to mid-life (~30 years old), but afterwards, greying ceases to increase incrementally. Our results highlight that chimpanzee pigmentation likely exhibits substantial variation between populations, and that both 'grey' and pigmented phenotypes exist across various age classes. Thus, chimpanzee facial hair greying is unlikely a progressive indicator of age beyond mid-life, and thus facial greying in chimpanzees seems different from the pattern observed in humans. Whether this reflects neutral differences in senescence, or potential differences in selection pressures (e.g. related to conspecific communication), is unclear and worthy of more detailed examination across populations and taxa.
Effect of Measurement Errors on Predicted Cosmological Constraints from Shear Peak Statistics with Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

We study the effect of galaxy shape measurement errors on predicted cosmological constraints from the statistics of shear peak counts with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). We use the LSST Image Simulator in combination with cosmological N-body simulations to model realistic shear maps for different cosmological models. We include both galaxy shape noise and, for the first time, measurement errors on galaxy shapes. We find that the measurement errors considered have relatively little impact on the constraining power of shear peak counts for LSST.
Step-cut osteotomy in neglected Monteggia fracture dislocation in pediatric and adolescent patients: A retrospective study:

Introduction:Neglected Monteggia fracture dislocation in children leads to significant restriction of daily activities by causing decreased range of motion at elbow, stiffness, deformity, and neuro...
A 220–300 GHz Twin-FET Detector for Rotational Spectroscopy of Gas Mixtures

In this paper, a twin-FET (field effect transistor) THz detector monolithically integrated with a dual-feed antenna is presented. The antenna-detector configuration can be extended for ’N’ FET elements to relax the input impedance requirement for the detector readout circuitry while maintaining good responsivity. A dual-feed octagonal slot antenna is used to couple THz radiation and provide differential excitation to the twin-FET detector. The multi-feed antenna-FET detector interface can be designed for an arbitrary phase excitation of one or more FET elements. Fabricated in Global Foundries 22nm FD-SOI process, the proposed detector covers a measured frequency range from 220 GHz to 300 GHz. Such bandwidth is sufficiently wide to capture reliable spectral information for distinguishing a number of gases in a mixture. The absorption spectra of pure methanol, chloromethane and acetonitrile are measured using a rotational spectroscopy setup incorporating the twin-FET detector. Detection of a small concentration of acetonitrile, at 4 Torr pressure, is demonstrated in a binary mixture with predominantly chloromethane. Detection of ethanol and methanol in their binary mixture is also demonstrated at 4 Torr pressure. This is a significant step towards the development of all-electronic THz spectroscopy for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of contaminants with a strong THz absorption signature at >1 Torr pressure.
Official Misrepresentations of the Law and Fairness

An official misrepresentation of the law occurs when an official, acting as an agent of the state, represents what is legal or not in an erroneous or misleading way. Should reliance on such misrepresentations excuse one from criminal responsibility? American courts presently recognize two official misrepresentation defenses: Entrapment by Estoppel and Public Authority. However, there is disagreement about what constitutes these defenses and what their limits are. Part of the confusion surrounds why these defenses are justified at all, especially given the general principle ignorantia juris non excusat. We propose an answer to this justification question: these defenses are justified because official misrepresentations preclude knowledge of the illegality of the acts in question. It is not simply that someone on the receiving end did not know; they could not know. We develop this account, linking it to due process and fairness, and then use it to clarify Entrapment by Estoppel and Public Authority and argue both should be subject to important restrictions.
Morphological changes in previously frozen formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue.

Frozen sections are the mainstay of intraoperative consultation in the daily practice of surgical pathology. In the vast majority of cases, they are employed to guide the surgeon’s hand by determining whether a tumour is benign or malignant, determining the histological type and tumour grade, the extent of tumour involvement, or the status of surgical margins.1 2 In most pathology practices, the residual frozen tissue is formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and submitted as the frozen section control block. This is done for quality assurance purposes by monitoring the accuracy of the frozen section diagnosis.3 Prior freezing alters the preservation of morphological features in the subsequent FFPE tissue. It can also have an impact on the preservation of antigens and immunoreactivity for commonly used immunohistochemical stains. One study found that immunostaining for S-100 protein, HMB-45, synaptophysin and neuron specific enolase was lost in previously frozen tissue but positive in unfrozen tissue, while chromogranin and carcinoembryonic antigen showed significantly decreased staining.4 Prior freezing of glioma tissue has been reported to lead to false-negative staining results for IDH1.5 It is for …
Vibrational, Electronic, and Magnetic Excitations in II–VI Quantum Well Structures

The tetrahedrally coordinated II-VI compound semiconductors represent an important class of semiconductors in the physics of quantum-well structures and their optoelectronic applications. The majority of II-VI’s are direct band gap semiconductors, with energy gaps spanning an impressive range of values (from zero for the Hg-based compounds to 3.8 eV for ZnS).1 The plot of ionicity vs. bond-charge for the tetrahedrally coordinated semiconductors of the zinc blende or the wurtzite structure underscores the dramatic increase in ionicity of the II-VI’s and their predisposition to assume a rocksalt structure.2 Indeed, the first-order Raman spectrum of CdTe, which at ambient pressure exhibits the characteristic zone center LO-TO pair, disappears at a pressure of ~ 30 kbar; above that pressure, CdTe transforms to a rocksalt structure with the characteristic absence of the first-order Raman spectrum.3 The increased ionicity translates to an increased Frohlich interaction (polaron coupling constant). An examination of the lattice parameters and the band gaps characterizing the II-VI’s and the III-V’s reveals that a variety of lattice-matched, and hence strain-free, II-VI/II-VI as well as II-VI/III-V heterostructures can be visualized. They offer a wide range of total band off-sets. A judicious use of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) also allows the fabrication of strained layer superlattices or quantum-well structures.1 The successful incorporation of transition metal ions of the iron group (e.g., Mn2+, Co2+, Fe2+,...) into the II-VI’s results in a diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) like Cd1-xMnxTe.
5 – Composite Types

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Rosetta's composite types, which define homogeneous collections of data. The composite type subsystem provides mechanisms for defining and manipulating three primary data containers, sets, multisets, and sequences. All composite types are homogeneous and are declared using type formers. The set type defines unordered, homogeneous collections of unique items. A primary use for the set type is defining new types and subtypes. Additionally, sets provide excellent mechanisms for defining collections of items in abstract specifications. The multiset type defines an unordered, homogeneous collection of items, where multiple instances of an element are allowed. A primary use for multiset types is manipulating collection of values, where the number of values in a collection is significant. Moreover, the sequence type defines indexed, homogeneous collections of data that resemble arrays and lists. A primary use for sequence types is ordering or structuring data collections. The sequence type has associated subtypes that represent strings and bit vectors as sequences of characters and bits, respectively.
Hybrid neural network and pattern classification learning algorithms

Some key research issues in learning for feedforward networks are addressed. Some results from learning from examples are discussed, and how this relates to learning in networks is pointed out. Some limitations of algorithms and alternative strategies that involve changing network architectures or input data transformations are discussed. An example of how a self-organizing feature map can be used in conjunction with a feedforward network to achieve good results in isolated word recognition is given. >
Ceramics as structural materials.

A strong impetus for development of ceramic structures arises from the growing need for structural materials that may be used at high temperatures, particularly in aerospace structures. Ceramics are capable of supporting considerably larger loads in compression than in tension; some possess unusually high compressive strengths and relatively low density, characteristics enhancing their promise for lightweight structures. The fracture strengths of brittle ceramics usually show wide range of scatter, and appear to be related to the probability of the existence of flaws. Therefore, the designer of a ceramic structure must consider the nominal range characteristic of fracture strength values. The effects of size, shape, and method of fabrication of structural elements are important in this connection. The presence of randomly-distributed pores (of uncontrolled shape) in a ceramic drastically reduces its compressive strength; it has been found that directional cellulation has considerably less effect. Considerable promise exists in the use of prestressing with ceramics. A brief review is given of research with prestressed ceramics.
Alkaline Comet Assay for Assessing DNA Damage in Individual Cells

Single-cell gel electrophoresis, commonly called a comet assay, is a simple and sensitive method for assessing DNA damage at the single-cell level. It is an important technique in genetic toxicological studies. The comet assay performed under alkaline conditions (pH >13) is considered the optimal version for identifying agents with genotoxic activity. The alkaline comet assay is capable of detecting DNA double-strand breaks, single-strand breaks, alkali-labile sites, DNA-DNA/DNA-protein cross-linking, and incomplete excision repair sites. The inclusion of digestion of lesion-specific DNA repair enzymes in the procedure allows the detection of various DNA base alterations, such as oxidative base damage. This unit describes alkaline comet assay procedures for assessing DNA strand breaks and oxidative base alterations. These methods can be applied in a variety of cells from in vitro and in vivo experiments, as well as human studies.
k-Version of finite element method in 2-D polymer flows : Oldroyd-B constitutive model

In this paper, a new mathematical framework based on h, p, k and variational consistency (VC) of the integral forms is utilized to develop a finite element computational process of two-dimensional polymer flows utilizing Oldroyd-B constitutive model. Alternate forms of the choices of dependent variables in the governing differential equations (GDEs) are considered and is concluded that u, v, p, τ choice yielding strong form of the GDEs is meritorious over others. It is shown that: (a) since, the differential operator in the GDEs is non-linear, Galerkin method and Galerkin method with weak form are variationally inconsistent (VIC). The coefficient matrices in these processes are non-symmetric and hence may have partial or completely complex basis and thus the resulting computational processes may be spurious. (b) Since the VC of the VIC integral forms cannot be restored through any mathematically justifiable means, the computational processes in these approaches always have possibility of spurious solutions. (c) Least squares process utilizing GDEs in u, v, p, τ (strong form of the GDEs) variables (as well as others) is variationally consistent. The coefficient matrices are always symmetric and positive definite and hence always have a real basis and thus naturally yield computational processes that are free of spurious solutions. (d) The theoretical solution of the GDEs are generally of higher order global differentiability. Numerical simulations of such solutions in which higher order global differentiability characteristics of the theoretical solution are preserved, undoubtedly requires local approximations in higher order scalar product spaces . (e) LSP with local approximations in spaces provide an incomparable mathematical and computational framework in which it is possible to preserve desired characteristics of the theoretical solution in the computational process. Numerical studies are presented for fully developed flow between parallel plates and a lid driven square cavity. M1 fluid is used in all numerical studies. The range of applicability of the Oldroyd-B model or lack of it is examined for both model problems for increasing De. A mathematical idealization of the corners where stationary wall meets the lid is presented and is shown to simulate the real physics when the local approximations are in higher order spaces and when hd→0. For both model problems shear rate is examined in the flow domain to establish validity of the Oldroyd-B constitutive model. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting hospital census using time series regression methods

We first describe the time series modeling problem in a general way. Then some specific assumptions and observations which are pertinent to the application of these models are made. We next propose a specific approach to the modeling problem, one which yields efficient, easily calculated estimators of all parameters (under the stated assumptions). Finally, the technique is applied to the problem of modeling the census of a particular hospital.
Leninism and the Enlightenment

The outcome of this comparison of the impact of the Englishtenment on two rival philosophical traditions suggests that there are points of contact even on the issues that appear to push Leninism in an opposite direction from liberalism. The lack of communication between these two traditions results in a lack of vigor in developing their philosophies in a way that addresses the accomplishments of rival philosophies. For example, Leninism, which seeks to justify limits on the freedom of speech for those viewed as anti-socialist, would do well to reinforce its position by mastering the reasoning of the liberals who differentiate the rights of the Ku Klux Klan from those of the N.A.A.C.P. And liberalism, which has been concerned with overcoming formal equality to implement real, practical equality of opportunity, is in effect echoing one of Lenin's main concerns about democracy under capitalism.
The use of inferred haplotypes in downstream analyses.

To the Editor: In the March 2006 issue of the Journal, Marchini et al.1 provided a comprehensive description of phasing algorithms for inference of individual haplotypes from unphased genotype data. They stated that an unresolved question is “whether and, if so, how best to use inferred haplotypes in downstream analyses.”1(p.448) The question is important because knowledge of individual haplotypes is rarely an end in itself. We offer our perspective on this issue, particularly in the context of (case-control) association studies.
Dark Shadows 1970: Industry, Anxiety, and Adaptation

Abstract This article examines industrial and stylistic aspects of the cult soap opera Dark Shadows (ABC, 1966–71), whose protagonist was a vampire. The series addressed two distinct audiences simultaneously: the traditional daytime target of housewives and a juvenile cohort of both sexes enthralled by its gothic horror format. In 1970, a plotline described the threat of a supernatural cult called the Leviathans that tangentially acknowledged the tumult of the Vietnam era. That year, too, the series was adapted into a feature film soon after the Motion Picture Association of America's censorship had ended, creating new stylistic and thematic negotiations regarding the juvenile audience.