cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Segmentation Analysis in Human Centric Cyber-Physical Systems using Graphical Lasso.

A generalized gamification framework is introduced as a form of smart infrastructure with potential to improve sustainability and energy efficiency by leveraging humans-in-the-loop strategy. The proposed framework enables a Human-Centric Cyber-Physical System using an interface to allow building managers to interact with occupants. The interface is designed for occupant engagement-integration supporting learning of their preferences over resources in addition to understanding how preferences change as a function of external stimuli such as physical control, time or incentives. Towards intelligent and autonomous incentive design, a noble statistical learning algorithm performing occupants energy usage behavior segmentation is proposed. We apply the proposed algorithm, Graphical Lasso, on energy resource usage data by the occupants to obtain feature correlations--dependencies. Segmentation analysis results in characteristic clusters demonstrating different energy usage behaviors. The features--factors characterizing human decision-making are made explainable.
Active Learning of the Floor of Mouth Anatomy with Ultrasound

More emphasis is now being placed on active learning in medical education. Ultrasound is an active learning tool that can be used to supplement didactic instruction. This study describes a self-guided activity for learning floor of mouth ultrasound. Thirty-three first year medical students learned floor of mouth scan technique and ultrasound anatomy through a brief PowerPoint module. They subsequently performed the scan on a standardized patient. Each student was asked to label the floor of mouth muscles on the image he or she acquired. After the activity, the students were given a quiz on anatomic relationships of the floor of mouth. Perceptions about the activity were collected through a survey. All 33 students obtained a floor of mouth image within a three minute time limit. Twenty-four (73%) students were able to completely and accurately label the image in time. The mean score on the muscle relationships quiz was 93%. Overall perceptions were very positive with most students expressing a "high" or "very high" level of interest in incorporating similar self-guided activities within the curriculum. This study showed that it is feasible for students to learn scan technique and recognize relevant ultrasound anatomy in an independent fashion through a brief active learning module. Furthermore, the students found the activity enjoyable. The implication is that similar activities could be developed which would provide additional ways to incorporate active learning strategies.
Printed Assemblies of Microscale Triple-Junction (3J) Inverted Metamorphic (IMM) GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs Solar Cells

Transfer printing of microscale devices has been shown to be a manufacturable pathway to low-profile, low cost, high concentration photovoltaic modules, where extremely high efficiency solar cells are desirable to achieve competitive costs. Inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) solar cells represent a promising platform for ultrahigh efficiency concentrator photovoltaic systems with a clear pathway to 50% efficiency. While transfer printing of microscale solar cell devices has been demonstrated with traditional upright solar cell structures, IMM structures present additional processing challenges. We demonstrate, for the first time, the transfer printing of fully-functional microscale triple-junction (3J) IMM solar cells.
Pregnancy and Appendicitis

Appendicitis is a frequent part of the differential diagnosis of right lower quadrant pain in pregnancy. The differential also includes cholecystitis, pancreatitis, gastroenteritis, right lower lobe pneumonia, ovarian torsion, uterine myoma degeneration, pyelonephritis, urinary tract infection, and round ligament pain. For evaluation of gynecologic etiologies and fetal well-being, depending on gestational age, an OBGYN consult is appropriate. Evaluation should include physical exam, vital sign review, and laboratory value review. Mild tachycardia and leukocytosis can be normal physiologic changes in pregnancy. Imaging should start with ultrasound and if inconclusive proceed to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Management if appendicitis if suspected is surgical. Surgical approach should be influenced by size of the gravid uterus, comfort with laparoscopic versus open surgery, and concern for appendiceal rupture. Patients should also be counseled about risk of preterm labor and fetal loss. Risk of fetal loss is highest in the setting of appendiceal rupture.
Purpura fulminans manifesting with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: a case report

Background Purpura fulminans (PF) is a haematologic emergency that can occur in the setting of severe septic shock. Its pathophysiology is not well-understood; however, some evidence suggests it may be mediated by excessive protein C consumption. Case summary In this case report, we describe a patient with PF secondary to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. She presented with severe septic shock and, despite haemodynamic improvement, developed a significant purpuric rash. Diagnostic work-up was notable for severely decreased serum levels of protein C. This patient was successfully treated with protein C concentrate and surgical valve replacement. Discussion While PF is rarely associated with S. aureus infection, this presentation may be more frequently encountered among clinicians in the current opioid epidemic. Quick recognition is crucial and a multidisciplinary approach, including intravenous infusion of protein C, may be considered.
Considerations for Counseling Student Veterans

ABSTRACTMilitary members endure a variety of stressors (e.g., transitioning from military culture to college culture), which may be associated with mental health distress. College counselors must b...
Food chains and trophic level transfers

Abstract The operation of ecological systems depends upon the transfers of energy among organisms, and such energy transfers occur along food chains and between trophic levels. These trophic levels are autotrophs (green plants or primary producers), heterotrophs (feeders upon green plants or herbivores or primary consumers), and heterotrophs (feeders upon animals or carnivores or secondary consumers). Formalizing the trophic dynamics of the ecosystem in mathematical terms illustrates a number of important principles about energy flow—about the similarity/dissimilarity between different ecosystems in terms of efficiency of energy utilization, the rates of transfer between trophic levels, and the quantity of energy transferred.
The Reproductive System

Abstract Over the last several decades zebrafish have emerged as an excellent model for genetic studies of vertebrate gonad development and function. It has been established that teleost gonads possess all of the major functional cell types found in mammalian gonads. In addition, zebrafish homologs of genes known to regulate mammalian gonad development more often than not play analogous roles in zebrafish. The development of facile transgenics and targeted gene editing methods together with cell and organ culture assays have allowed the field to move forward with increasing speed. In this chapter we review what is known about the development and function of the zebrafish ovary and testis.
Labor Reporting and Its Critics in the CIO Years

This monograph examines daily newspaper coverage of organized labor during the burst of union activity that began in the early 1930s. Three factors influenced labor reporting during this period: th...
EBV Biology in the Pathogenesis of PTLD

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous, yet perplexing, gammaherpesvirus. Primary infection with EBV can have widely diverse outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to self-resolving infectious mononucleosis, to the development of EBV-associated malignancies including Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and B cell lymphoma in transplant recipients and AIDS patients. In this chapter we will discuss the biology of EBV and its life cycle, viral genetics, and oncogenic mechanisms – and how these factors impact on the pathogenesis of PTLD.
Toward a Comparative Theology of Liberation: Exploring the Relevance of Comparative Theology for doing Indian Liberation Theology

Comparative Theology is a promising academic discipline. Yet, Comparative Theology appears to lag behind liberation theologies when it comes to addressing unjust and oppressive social realities. This seems to be particularly true in the case of comparative theological projects related to Hinduism. Many comparative theologians engaging with Hinduism, with very few exceptions, have overlooked the injustices caused by caste and untouchability, which occupy an important place in the Indian culture. One of the possible ways of handling such issues is to allow Comparative Theology to enter into critical conversations with liberation theologies, which in this case is Dalit Liberation Theology. Such an integrated theology would open up possibilities of articulating a people-centered, non-identitarian, and interreligious Theology of Liberation.
Comparing sleep amount and quality for people working from home with and without minor dependents during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The global pandemic due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has had unprecedented effects on society, in particular for those who are also working with children in the household. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate sleep amount and sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before COVID-19 for those working from home with minor household dependents. Methods: We developed the “Anonymous Survey on Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic”, a national survey for individuals ≥18 years of age hosted on the Penn Medicine Clinical Research website from May 16th to November 11th, 2020. This 200 question survey captured demographics and multiple dimensions of health and well-being, including stress, sleep, eating behaviors, and coping activities. Respondents who indicated they were working from home were stratified by whether they were living with ≥1 minor dependent vs no dependents. Separate ordinal logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between living with a minor dependent and sleep amount (less, same, more) and disturbed quality (none, less, same, more) during, compared to before, COVID-19 controlled for age, sex, ethnicity, and annual income. Results: A total of 232 respondents (n=182 no dependents, n=50 dependents, 84.9% Caucasian) reported working from home, the majority of which had been in confinement (95.7%). Respondents with dependents were younger (mean age 38.9±13.5 vs 47.4±18.0, p=0.002) and mostly female (86% vs 76.9%, p=0.03). On average, reported days worked/week (3.5±2.4 days) and hours worked/day (5.5±4.17 hours) were similar regardless of dependents. Comparing those without to those with minor dependents, there were no significant differences in log odds of getting enough sleep (β=-0.38, p=0.25) or worse sleep quality (β=0.41, p=0.22) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before COVID-19. Respondents with dependents reported a higher log odds of taking longer to fall asleep during COVID-19 (β=0.71, p=0.045), and higher stress (β=-0.65, p=0.04). Conclusion: In this mostly Caucasian female sample of people working from home, having minor dependents in the household did not significantly impact sleep amount or quality compared to no minor household dependents. However, respondents with dependents reported longer time to fall asleep and were more stressed.
Hearing loss and tinnitus: association studies for complex-hearing disorders in mouse and man

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide an unbiased first look at genetic loci involved in aging and noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. The hearing phenotype, whether audiogram-based or self-report, is regressed against genotyped information at representative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome. Findings include the fact that both hearing loss and tinnitus are polygenic disorders, with up to thousands of genes, each of effect size of < 0.02. Smaller human GWAS’ were able to use objective measures and identified a few loci; however, hundreds of thousands of participants have been required for the statistical power to identify significant variants, and GWAS is unable to assess rare variants with mean allele frequency < 1%. Animal studies are required as well because of inability to access the human cochlea. Mouse GWAS builds on linkage techniques and the known phenotypic differences in auditory function between inbred strains. With the advantage that the laboratory environment can be controlled for noise and aging, the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HDMP) combines 100 strains sequenced at high resolution. Lift-over regions between mice and humans have identified over 17,000 homologous genes. Since most significant SNPs are either intergenic or in introns, and binding sites between species are poorly preserved between species, expression quantitative trait locus information is required to bring humans and mice into agreement. Transcriptome-wide analysis studies (TWAS) can prioritize putative causal genes and tissues. Diverse species, each making a distinct contribution, carry a synergistic advantage in the quest for treatment and ultimate cure of sensorineural hearing difficulties.
Understanding Math Concepts in Music and Vice-Versa

The aim of this paper is pedagogical in nature and two-folded. It is primarily intended for instructors who teach undergrad math courses (such as Linear Algebra, Calculus or Fourier Analysis), or courses in basic Music Theory. In the modern classrooms of today, educational software is ubiquitous. Sometimes it is a daunting task to find, use and take advantage of applications that allow for an efficient instructional activity. In this work we show how to use the AudioTools, SignalProcessing and Curve Fitting packages in Maple to illustrate and explain at a deeper level the mathematics needed to implement and play various musical concepts such as: tones, overtones, chords, and more complex paradigms from Music Theory, the counterpoint, and Euler’s space of (horizontal) fifths and (vertical) major thirds. Our Maple code and proposed student projects are elementary, and allow for the math and music concepts to be transparent and easy to grasp in the application context. A few lectures based on these ideas, in an independent or hybrid course setting, may bring important education benefits to a large spectra of undergraduate students taking math/music courses, regardless of their major.
Weighed ℓ 1 on the Simplex: Compressive Sensing Meets Locality

Sparse manifold learning algorithms combine techniques in manifold learning and sparse optimization to learn features that could be utilized for downstream tasks. The standard setting of compressive sensing can not be immediately applied to this setup. Due to the intrinsic geometric structure of data, dictionary atoms might be redundant and do not satisfy the restricted isometry property or coherence condition. In addition, manifold learning emphasizes learning local geometry which is not reflected in a standard l 1 minimization problem. We propose weighted l 0 and weighted l 1 regularizations that encourage representation via neighborhood atoms suited for dictionary based manifold learning. Assuming that the data is generated from Delaunay triangulation, we show the equivalence of weighted l 1 and weighted l 0 . We discuss an optimization program that learns the dictionaries and sparse co-efficients and demonstrate the utility of our regularization on synthetic and real datasets.
A Review of Selumetinib in the Treatment of Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Related Plexiform Neurofibromas.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of selumetinib, a novel MEK inhibitor, for the treatment of plexiform neurofibromas (PN) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).Data Sources:A...
Chapter 13: Antiparasitic Agents

Publisher Summary This chapter emphasizes the need for screening all drugs for mutagenic potential. A new fluorometric method has been used to determine amodiaquin in serum, plasma, and red cells. The use of drug mixtures in rodent malaria may prevent formation of drug resistance against one of the components but not against the others. Reviews appeared on the chemotherapy of leishmaniasis and on metabolic inhibitors and antitumor antibiotics that are trypanocidal. The activity of thiosemicarbazones against Trypanosomacruzi is eliminated if the sulfur is replaced by Oxygen. The activity of compound VII against T. rhodesiense is reduced if the carboxyl group is replaced by a basic function. In a series of 61 analogs of diethylcarbamozine, four compounds had similar activity as the mother substance against L. carinii in cotton rats. The structures of these compounds did not suggest any pattern of structure/efficacy predictability. The combination of antifolates trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) was reported to be effective in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in immune suppressed subjects. The use of a similar antifolate combination, pyrimethamine, and sulfadoxine has been previously reported for the use in the infantile form of pneumocystosis.
CPUs with 2,000 MIPS per Watt, Anyone?: The recent events with the Eastern power grid provide an ominous reminder of our huge dependence on electrical power.

Making a living as an IT professional, I always get a terrible sinking feeling right in the midsection when that background hum of automation suddenly becomes quiet. Electrical power breathes life into every display pixel, CPU, and disk drive—and soon will do the same to Ethernet ports delivering power to devices along with data packets. Power demands our consideration in just about every implicit or explicit decision we make; and when we get it wrong, computer systems overheat and fail.
A perturbation method for low-energy scattering from singular potentials

A systematic iterative perturbation method for low-energy scattering from singular potentials is introduced and illustrated by numerous examples. The starting point of the perturbation method is a first-order nonlinear differential equation that occurs in the phase formulation of scattering theory. This equation is solved in a perturbation sense by splitting the domain of the equation into two pieces and solving the equation by a series expansion on one of the subdomains and a linearization on the other subdomain. The perturbation method has the advantage that the calculations are relatively easy to perform and the bases of the method are intuitively clear.
IONIC REQUIREMENTS OF TREPONEMA PALLIDUM III. Divalent Ions

Doak, G. O. (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill), Leon D. Freedman, and John W. Clark, Jr. Ionic requirements of Treponema pallidum. III. Divalent ions. J. Bacteriol. 82:909-912. 1961.-Suspensions of Treponema pallidum, prepared by extracting the testes of syphilitic rabbits with normal rabbit serum or with a culture medium, were shaken with Amberlite IRC-50 resin in the sodium ion form. This procedure did not noticeably reduce the number of motile organisms, but markedly decreased their ability to survive in vitro. The addition of calcium, strontium, or barium ions to the treated suspensions largely restored this loss of motility. These same ions, when added to suspensions of T. pallidum not treated with the ion exchange resin, were without effect. Magnesium ion also had a beneficial effect, but considerably less than that produced by calcium ion. Cobaltous, manganous, ferrous, and zinc ions gave no beneficial effect, and, except for manganous ion, were toxic to the organisms at 5 x 10(-3)m.
Role of natriuretic peptide signaling in modulating asthma and inflammation.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), the C-terminal peptide comprising residues 99–126 of the pro-ANP hormone, has been studied for 3 decades for its cardiovascular effects. Recent reports suggest tha...
Functional regulation of protein synthesis in the rat parotid gland.

Abstract The synthesis of proteins, as indicated by the incorporation of triatiated leucine into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material, was studied in vivo in the rat parotid gland. In a series of preliminary studies, it was shown that in the rat parotid gland most of the incorporated label was used for the synthesis of secretory materials. In animals fed solid chow there was a diurnal variation in the rate of synthesis. During the day, as the gland stores of zymogen granule materials increased, synthesis decreased. Conversely, during the night, as these stores of secretory products were expelled, synthesis increased. If solid chow was replaced by liquid chow, secretion was not stimulated, the gland became atrophic, and the gland stores of secretory products were reduced to low levels. Synthesis also decreased to a stable level equivalent to 50% of the initial 8 a.m. level; no diurnal pattern was seen. If animals were then refed solid chow, synthesis was increased to normal levels. It was concluded that, in addition to stimulating secretion, mastication also plays a role in regulating the synthesis of the secretory products.
Assessing the timing and magnitude of precipitation-induced seepage into tunnels bored through fractured rock

Abstract Seepage into tunnels bored through fractured rock is a common occurrence that can cause significant problems for the construction process, tunnel longevity, and regional hydrogeology. Predictions of seepage using analytical solutions and numerical models are often inaccurate due to the inherent assumptions, volumetric averaging of fractures, and lack of important hydrogeological features. This study seeks to better understand tunnel infiltration processes through the application of a high-resolution, integrated hydrologic model. First, a conceptual model is developed for this research using the factors shown by previous studies to control net infiltration and seepage. A stochastic fracture continuum is generated for bedrock using FRACK, which maps discrete fracture networks to a finite difference grid with heterogeneous, anisotropic permeability fields. An integrated hydrologic model, ParFlow is then used to investigate the control exhibited by factors such as climatic forcing; vegetation; soil type and depth; bedrock type; fracture spacing; and tunnel depth on the timing and magnitude of seepage into tunnels. Simulations are run using hourly meteorological forcing. Surface and subsurface properties are adjusted individually to investigate the change in seepage response for varying hydrogeology and land cover. Results show that fracture spacing and connectivity, bedrock type, and overburden are particularly important pieces in obtaining reliable seepage estimates. Higher fracture spacing causes higher total seepage at a more constant rate than a lesser spacing, which exhibits a much larger range of fluctuation in seepage volumes. More permeable and porous bedrock increases lag times while reducing seepage volumes that remain relatively constant over time. Thicker and less conductive soils both increase lag times and reduce seepage magnitude. Tunnels, precipitation, infiltration, seepage, fractured rock.
Control of Museum Art Images: The Reach and Limits of Copyright and Licensing

Many museums and art libraries have digitized their collections of artworks. Digital imaging capabilities represent a significant development in the academic study of art, and they enhance the availability of art images to the public at large. The possible uses of these images are likewise broad. Many of these uses, however, are potentially defined by copyright law or by license agreements imposed by some museums and libraries that attempt to define allowable uses. Often, these terms and conditions will mean that an online image is not truly available for many purposes, including publication in the context of research or simple enjoyment. Not only do these terms and conditions restrict uses, they also have dubious legal standing after the Bridgeman case. This paper examines the legal premises behind claiming copyright in art images and the ability to impose license restrictions on their use.This paper is one outcome of a study of museum licensing practices funded by The Samuel H. Kress Foundation. This paper is principally an introduction to the relevant law in the United States and a survey of examples of museum licenses. The project is in its early stages, with the expectation that later studies will expand on this introduction and provide greater analysis of the legal complications of copyright, the public domain, and the reach of license agreements as a means for controlling the use of artwork and potentially any other works, whether or not they fall within the scope of copyright protection.This paper was prepared for the Proceedings of the Annual Congress of the International Association for the Advancement of Teaching and Research in Intellectual Property (ATRIP), held in Vilnius, Lithuania on 13-16 September 2009.
PRINCIPAL EIGENVALUES WITH INDEFINITE WEIGHT FUNCTIONS

Both existence and non-existence results for principal eigenvalues of an elliptic operator with indefinite weight function have been proved. The existence of a continuous family of principal eigenvalues is demonstrated.
Electronic properties of Au-graphene contacts

The effects of Au grains on graphene conduction and doping are investigated. To obtain a clean Au-graphene contact, Au grains are deposited over graphene before any chemical processing. The bulk and the effective contact resistance versus gate voltage demonstrate that Au grains cause p-doping in graphene. The Fermi level shift is in disagreement with published first-principles calculations, with larger than predicted separation between the graphene and the topmost Au layer. The differential resistance versus bias voltage display anomalies at zero bias and at higher voltages, the latter likely caused by inelastic tunneling across the Au-graphene interface.
The Morality of Targeted Killing

On May 2, 2011, a special unit of the U.S. Navy killed Osama Bin Laden in Pakistan. Many (this writer included) rejoiced at this development and felt that justice had been served. The deliberate killing of another human being is a deeply immoral act. Targeted killings are deliberate killings, so any discussion must start with a strong moral presumption against those acts. However, the prohibition has some exceptions: killing in war, self-defense, and law enforcement of various kinds. However, emotion is no substitute for dispassionate moral analysis. In this paper I examine the morality of targeted killings in general. I address the killing of Bin Laden, but my discussion goes beyond that: it probes the morality of all targeted killings by liberal governments. It applies to targeted killings by the United States as well as other liberal regimes, and it explores the justification of the practice in wartime and in peacetime. Given that the United States and Israel have announced that they will continue to kill named targets, and given that not all contemplated targets are as villainous or dangerous as Bin Laden, a moral evaluation of the practice is especially required.
The cultural context of polio biographies.

Clinicians have observed that cultural values and beliefs are important in shaping how patients define and experience their disabilities. However, the link from this clinical observation to an understanding of the cultural dimensions of the post-polio experience has not been made in the literature. We describe the wider cultural contexts that influence the ways individuals interpret and experience post-polio sequelae. The goal is to extend these insights to suggest practical, clinical applications. Data from in-depth multiple interview case studies are used to illustrate how adults present their polio-related experiences within the context of their biographies. The case studies focus on personal interpretations of new functional losses among clinic, support group, and community-based polio survivors in two metropolitan areas.1–5 Anthropology, the cross-cultural and holistic social science, analyzes how the interaction between cultural values and beliefs, social relations, and historical changes affects patterns of daily life and personal experience. The task of anthropologists with interests in rehabilitation and aging is to clarify how the social consequences of disability are constructed in different societies and experienced by individuals over the life span. The issue of “human vulnerability” is an important focus in cross-cultural studies, because it serves to underscore the key values and beliefs that define a particular culture. In American society, the social consequences of vulnerability and dependence, central aspects of living with a disability, challenge our most basic cultural values and beliefs about the role of the individual in society.6 Thus, attention will be given to core cultural values and beliefs, such as the work ethic, that guide all of our lives.
Scanning Electron Microscopy investigations of laboratory-grown gas clathrate hydrates formed from melting ice, and comparison to natural hydrates

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate grain texture and pore structure development within various compositions of pure sI and sII gas hydrates synthesized in the laboratory, as well as in natural samples retrieved from marine (Gulf of Mexico) and permafrost (NW Canada) settings. Several samples of methane hydrate were also quenched after various extents of partial reaction for assessment of mid-synthesis textural progression. All laboratory-synthesized hydrates were grown under relatively high-temperature and high-pressure conditions from rounded ice grains with geometrically simple pore shapes, yet all resulting samples displayed extensive recrystallization with complex pore geometry. Growth fronts of mesoporous methane hydrate advancing into dense ice reactant were prevalent in those samples quenched after limited reaction below and at the ice point. As temperatures transgress the ice point, grain surfaces continue to develop a discrete “rind” of hydrate, typically 5 to 30 μm thick. The cores then commonly melt, with rind microfracturing allowing migration of the melt to adjacent grain boundaries where it also forms hydrate. As the reaction continues under progressively warmer conditions, the hydrate product anneals to form dense and relatively pore-free regions of hydrate grains, in which grain size is typically several tens of micrometers. The prevalence of hollow, spheroidal shells of hydrate, coupled with extensive redistribution of reactant and product phases throughout reaction, implies that a diffusion-controlled shrinking-core model is an inappropriate description of sustained hydrate growth from melting ice. Completion of reaction at peak synthesis conditions then produces exceptional faceting and euhedral crystal growth along exposed pore walls. Further recrystallization or regrowth can then accompany even short-term exposure of synthetic hydrates to natural ocean-floor conditions, such that the final textures may closely mimic those observed in natural samples of marine origin. Of particular note, both the mesoporous and highly faceted textures seen at different stages during synthetic hydrate growth were notably absent from all examined hydrates recovered from a natural marine-environment setting.
Social support in the cohousing model of community: a mixed-methods analysis

Grounded in a theoretical synthesis of social support, social capital, and social sustainability, this study examined cohousing as an innovative community model that may support social well-being. ...
Cooperative Roles for Fimbria and Filamentous Hemagglutinin in Bordetella Adherence and Immune Modulation

ABSTRACT Bordetella fimbriae (FIM) are generally considered to function as adhesins despite a lack of experimental evidence supporting this conclusion for Bordetella pertussis and evidence against a requirement for FIM in adherence of Bordetella bronchiseptica to mammalian cell lines. Using B. bronchiseptica and mice, we developed an in vivo adherence assay that revealed that FIM do function as critically important adhesins in the lower respiratory tract. In the first few days postinoculation, FIM-deficient B. bronchiseptica induced a more robust inflammatory response than wild-type bacteria did, suggesting that FIM, like filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), allow B. bronchiseptica to suppress the innate immune response to infection. Localization analyses indicated that FIM are required for efficient attachment to airway epithelium, as bacteria lacking FIM localized to alveoli. FHA-deficient bacteria, in contrast, localized to airways. Bacteria unable to produce both FIM and FHA localized to alveoli and caused increased inflammation and histopathology identical to that caused by FIM-deficient bacteria, demonstrating that lack of FIM is epistatic to lack of FHA. Coinoculation experiments provided evidence that wild-type B. bronchiseptica suppresses inflammation locally within the respiratory tract and that both FHA and FIM are required for defense against clearance by the innate immune system. Altogether, our data suggest that FIM-mediated adherence to airway epithelium is a critical first step in Bordetella infection that allows FHA-dependent interactions to mediate tight adherence, suppression of inflammation, and resistance to inflammatory cell-mediated clearance. Our results suggest that mucosal antibodies capable of blocking FIM-mediated interactions could prevent bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract. IMPORTANCE Although fimbriae (FIM) have been shown to be important mediators of adherence for many bacterial pathogens, there is surprisingly little experimental evidence supporting this role for Bordetella fimbria. Our results provide the first demonstration that Bordetella FIM function as adhesins in vivo , specifically to airway epithelium. Furthermore, our results suggest that FIM mediate initial interactions with airway epithelial cells that are followed by tight filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)-mediated binding and that together, FIM and FHA allow Bordetella to suppress inflammation, leading to prolonged colonization. Given the shortcoming of the current acellular component pertussis (aP) vaccine in preventing colonization, these findings suggest that generation of antibodies capable of blocking FIM-mediated adherence could potentially prevent Bordetella colonization.
Discussion: Predicting Short-Run Aggregate Adjustment to Policy Alternatives

Plans also call for including livestock in our system of analysis. One possibility is to develop a U.S. statistical model for livestock that can be interfaced with the national model. That is, important feed-livestock relationships might be captured, through an iterative procedure, rather than treated exogenously in each of the two models. To summarize, we believe that a systems approach to policy research is an efficient way to use the research resources at our disposal. The foundation of the Aggregate Production Analysis System rests on good data and good researchers. The building blocks are various formal and informal models. One general model cannot do the job. The cornerstone is flexibility-flexibility to adjust to the changing policy needs. APAS is a step in this direction.
Effects of acute incremental volume overload on cardiac chamber size, function, and the pulmonary circulation: Analysis by digital intravenous angiography

Abstract To assess the effects of acute incremental volume overload on cardiac size, function, and the pulmonary circulation, we studied six anesthetized dogs using intravenous digital angiography. Aortocaval (AC) fistulas were placed in four dogs, and fistulas in both a carotid and iliac artery were placed in two dogs. Data were obtained at four points: (1) control stage; (2) partial shunt (PS, where either AC partially open or iliac fistula was open and carotid fistula was closed); (3) full shunt (FS, AC shunt open or both iliac and carotid shunts open); and (4) control stage 2. Little change in heart rate (HR) or arterial pressure occurred. With FS, both mean pulmonary artery and wedge pressures increased ( p p p p p p p p p p p
Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts for O2 Reduction: Pt Monolayer on Carbon-Supported PdIr Nanoparticles

The kinetics of oxygen reduction was investigated in acid solutions on Pt monolayers deposited on modified carbon-supported PdIr nanoparticles using the rotating disk-electrode technique. Iridium is introduced into the Pd substrate in order to fine-tune the Pt–Pd interactions and to improve Pd stability under operating conditions of the fuel cell. The kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction shows enhancement with the Pt monolayer on the PdIr nanoparticle surfaces in comparison with the reaction on Pt/C and Pt monolayer on Pd/C nanoparticles. The electrochemical measurements suggest that reduced oxidation of Pt monolayer on PdIr/C compared to Pt/C and Pt monolayer on Pd/C is the cause of enhanced activity. Besides a ligand effect induced to the Pt surface by the presence of PdIr in the second sublayer of the nanoparticle, as suggested by our density functional theory analysis, Ir also leads to a Pd skin contraction, so the Pt monolayer on PdIr/C is compressed more than on Pd/C. Both effects lead to further weakening of the Pt–OH interaction, thus increasing the ORR activity. The Pt-specific activity for PtMLPdIr/C is three times and 25% higher than that of Pt/C and PtMLPd/C respectively; the Pt-mass activity of PtMLPdIr/C is more than 20 times and 25% higher than that of Pt/C and PtMLPd/C, respectively.
Student essay competition: a creative way to learn from our students.

When you think about your subject, and the teaching of that subject, do you attempt to see things from the students' perspective? Do you consider where your students came from in terms of academic journey, previous and future courses? Do you acknowledge that life today is more complicated than when
Transvaginal Closure of the Bladder Neck

Transvaginal closure of the bladder neck represents an uncommon surgical procedure, as its main indication is in patients who have urethral destruction secondary to prolonged catheter drainage of a neurogenic bladder. The resultant effect of the catheter and Foley balloon on the urethra is erosion and pressure necrosis as well as spontaneous urethral extrusion from severe bladder spasms. The usual course of events is progressive worsening of leakage around the catheter, necessitating larger catheters and more fluid placement in the balloon. These sequential increases in catheter size, along with the concomitant urethral destruction, results in a wide, patulous, and severely damaged urethra. Accordingly, proper management of these patients requires transvaginal closure of the bladder neck and simultaneous urinary diversion with a continent catheterizable augmentation, incontinent ileovesicostomy, or suprapubic catheter.
Anesthesia for Liposuction in Dermatologic Surgery

Liposuction is now a well-established procedure in dermatologic surgery. The relative advantages and risks of the various forms of primary anesthesia and supplemental analgesia used for liposuction surgery in the office by dermatologic surgeons is described. Effective anesthetic techniques include infiltration of local anesthesia (LA) with or without intramuscular (IM), intravenous (IV), or nitrous oxide sedation, cryoanesthesia, and IV or inhalation general anesthesia (GA). Local anesthesia, using large volumes of dilute anesthetic solution containing lidocaine (0.05%), epinephrine (1:1,000,000), and sodium bicarbonate (12.5 meq/L), is a safe and effective modality for liposuction by dermatologists. In a study of 12 liposuction patients treated with this technique, the average lidocaine dose was 1181 mg (9.4 mg/kg/hr). The highest peak lidocaine blood level among all patients was 0.484 microgram/ml. Dermatologists should not assume the dual responsibility of surgeon and of monitoring patients given IV sedation. Any form of anesthesia has the potential for serious complications. The surgeon and office staff must be well trained and equipped to perform emergency resuscitation.
Water: A Useful Metaphor for Occupation

While scholars have spent decades attempting to define occupation and identify key elements essential to the study of occupation, little research has focused on the fundamental properties of occupation alone. In addition, occupational science continues to struggle with interdisciplinary contribution to scholarship due to the often misunderstood and confusing terminology within our field of study. This article makes two arguments: 1) metaphors are useful tools by which occupational scientists can discuss and explain complex concepts related to occupation; and 2) water is a useful metaphor for more adequately understanding fundamental properties of occupation in and of itself. The fluidity of water, as well as the transactional nature of water and other natural elements, can serve as a way to talk about the complex and dynamic nature of occupation. The key properties that were deemed relevant to the fundamental properties of occupation include that water is: 1) essential to life; 2) reflective; 3) a conduct...
Non-genomic activation of protein kinase Akt by steroid hormones

Abstract Many cellular responses to steroid hormones involve the transcriptional modulation of target genes by the prototypical nuclear hormone receptor. In the classic model of steroid hormone action, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) acts as ligand-dependent transcription factor by either activating or repressing gene expression through direct interactions with DNA or other transcription factors. Recent evidence suggests an important role for non-transcriptional effects of GR in the vascular system. The non-transcriptional actions of GR involve the rapid activation of protein kinases, such as phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and Akt, leading to the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This novel pathway of steroid hormone action protects against ischemic injury augmenting blood flow and decreasing vascular inflammation.
Evidence for Clustering of Pyrimidine Dimers on Opposite Strands of U.V.-irradiated Bacteriophage DNA

(1974). Evidence for Clustering of Pyrimidine Dimers on Opposite Strands of U.V.-irradiated Bacteriophage DNA. International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 81-85.
Antigenicity of a bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid.

SINCE earlier evidence (refs. 1–3 and Medawar, P. B., personal communication) suggesting a serological reactivity for deoxyribonucleic acid (or the deoxyribonueleic acid moiety of a nucleoprotein) has been indirect or controversial, the problem has been re-investigated with the aid of a preparation rich in deoxyribonucleic acid with transforming activity4,5, isolated from B. abortus cells by extraction with 0.5 per cent phenol in citrate–saline. The extracted material was ‘deproteinized’ by chloroform and amyl alcohol treatments6, but the final material still contained, in addition to typical deoxyribonucleic acid5, approximately 20 per cent protein that could not be dissociated by conventional procedures. Such preparations of deoxyribonucleic acid were used for immunizing rabbits, and the resulting antisera were tested first for precipitating antibodies against homologous deoxyribonucleic acid by the gel diffusion method7.
Radiation Transfer in Isotropically Scattering, Rectangular Enclosures

Radiative heat transfer in absorbing, emitting, isotropically scattering, gray, two-dimensional rectangular regions having an emitting boundary and spacially distributed energy sources is solved by both the collocation and the Galerkin methods. Using the expressions given in this work, the quantities, such as the incident radia- tion, the radiation heat flux, and the divergence of the radiation heat flux anywhere in the medium, can be deter- mined to a high degree of accuracy for all values of the single scattering albedo, from small to moderately large values of horizontal and vertical optical dimensions of the enclosure. Results are presented for representative cases, to illustrate the application of the method. A parameter study is made to show the effects of the single scattering albedo on the incident radiation and the heat flux. HERE are numerous situations in which radiation heat transfer in absorbing, emitting, isotropically scattering, gray, two-dimensional rectangular media is important. They include, among others, modeling of heat transfer in fur- naces, fire protection, manufacturing of glass, studies of in- sulation properties of various types of fibrous and foam materials, cryogenics, and heat transfer through partially transparent materials. In order to study radiation heat transfer in any one of these situations, it is necessary to solve the equation of radiative heat transfer. Numerous approximate and exact methods of analysis have been reported for solving the equa- tion of radiative transfer in a one-dimensional medium; but for the two-dimensional situation, the problem of an absorb- ing and emitting medium has been studied with approximate methods of analysis by several investigators including Modest,1 Razzaque et al., 2 and Fiveland.3 In the case of a scattering medium, the source function expansion technique has been used by Sutton and Ozisik4; a numerical integration scheme has been employed by Crosbie and Schrenker5 to study the problem of diffuse incident radiation and no energy sources in the medium; and the same numerical technique has been applied by Crosbie and Schrenker6 to solve the problem of collimated incident radiation and no energy sources in the medium. Further information, with regard to solution methods and areas of applications of radiative heat transfer, is given in a recent survey by Viskanta.7 We present a highly accurate method for solving two- dimensional radiation transfer in an absorbing, emitting, isotropically scattering, two-dimensional rectangular en- closure. In the following sections, the method of analysis is described first. Results are then presented that can be used to check the accuracy of various approximate methods of analysis. Finally, a parameter survey is made to examine the effects of single scattering albedo on the radiation heat transfer for various optical dimensions of the medium.
Mo1505 Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA) for Diagnosis of Cystic Pancreatic Lesions (CPL): Comprehensive Evaluation, Multidisciplinary Dialogue and Continued Challenges At a Tertiary Oncology Center

on FNA as IPMN with low-grade atypia and NET. The remaining case hadn’t significant enhancement also at FU MRCP. One PCL showed iso-enhancement and was a true cyst also at FU EUS/CT. Overall diagnostic accuracy of CE-EUS for diagnosis of PCLs was 87.5% (21/24). Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of CE-EUS for diagnosis of SCA were 80%, 75%, 100%, 100% and 50%, respectively (P 0.002). In presence of hyper-enhancement of septa figures were 95.8%, 94.7%, 100%, 100% and 83.3%, respectively (P 0.000). Conclusions: CE-EUS is useful in displaying anatomic features of PCLs.
A diver-held vane-shear apparatus

Abstract An inexpensive instrument, consisting of a small vane attached to the shaft of a calibrated torque screwdriver, has been developed for measuring the shear strength of sea-floor sediments. It can be used either in situ or on sediment samples removed to the ship or laboratory.
Inference rules using local contexts

We construct equivalent “localized” versions of a formula, adding assumptions simultaneously to various locations, where the particular location determines what is added. Inference rules that take advantage of localized formulas are presented for sequent calculi in which the left hand side of sequents can be used to accumulate the background assumptions (or “contexts”) of assertions. The intended application is to the automatic generation of tractable justifying lemmas for substitution operations for interactive proof development systems, especially those concerned with mathematical topics where manipulation of deeply embedded terms is desirable.