cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family Communication Patterns and the Development of Reticence

The primary goal of this investigation was to explore the relationship between family communication patterns and reticence. Students of the Penn State University Reticence Program were asked to complete the Revised Family Communication Patterns instrument (Ritchie & Fitzpatrick, 1990). Results revealed that reticent individuals reported a significantly lower level of conversation orientation within their families than members of a comparison group.
Physical Law and Mechanistic Explanation in the Hodgkin and Huxley Model of the Action Potential

Hodgkin and Huxley’s model of the action potential is an apparent dream case of covering‐law explanation in biology. The model includes laws of physics and chemistry that, coupled with details about antecedent and background conditions, can be used to derive features of the action potential. Hodgkin and Huxley insist that their model is not an explanation. This suggests either that subsuming a phenomenon under physical laws is insufficient to explain it or that Hodgkin and Huxley were wrong. I defend Hodgkin and Huxley against Weber’s heteronomy thesis and argue that explanations are descriptions of mechanisms.
Elephant Transcriptome Provides Insights into the Evolution of Eutherian Placentation

The chorioallantoic placenta connects mother and fetus in eutherian pregnancies. In order to understand the evolution of the placenta and provide further understanding of placenta biology, we sequenced the transcriptome of a term placenta of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and compared these data with RNA sequence and microarray data from other eutherian placentas including human, mouse, and cow. We characterized the composition of 55,910 expressed sequence tag (i.e., cDNA) contigs using our custom annotation pipeline. A Markov algorithm was used to cluster orthologs of human, mouse, cow, and elephant placenta transcripts. We found 2,963 genes are commonly expressed in the placentas of these eutherian mammals. Gene ontology categories previously suggested to be important for placenta function (e.g., estrogen receptor signaling pathway, cell motion and migration, and adherens junctions) were significantly enriched in these eutherian placenta–expressed genes. Genes duplicated in different lineages and also specifically expressed in the placenta contribute to the great diversity observed in mammalian placenta anatomy. We identified 1,365 human lineage–specific, 1,235 mouse lineage–specific, 436 cow lineage–specific, and 904 elephant-specific placenta-expressed (PE) genes. The most enriched clusters of human-specific PE genes are signal/glycoprotein and immunoglobulin, and humans possess a deeply invasive human hemochorial placenta that comes into direct contact with maternal immune cells. Inference of phylogenetically conserved and derived transcripts demonstrates the power of comparative transcriptomics to trace placenta evolution and variation across mammals and identified candidate genes that may be important in the normal function of the human placenta, and their dysfunction may be related to human pregnancy complications.
An assessment of Pt and Pd model catalysts for low temperature NOx adsorption

Abstract Low temperature NOx adsorbers (LTNA) are being developed to adsorb the cold start NOx emissions from diesel engines and release the NOx when the urea/SCR system is operational. To assess the contributions of the precious metal and washcoat, model catalysts with 0.43 g/L (26 gpcf) of platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd) on washcoats of alumina (Al2O3) or ceria/zirconia (CZO) were evaluated for lean NO storage and release with and without C2H4 and H2O. The degreened samples were evaluated on a reactor-based transient test that partially simulated the exhaust temperatures during the first two phases of the light-duty Federal Test Procedure (FTP) followed by a Supplemental FTP (US06) test. After oxidation, the Pd/CZO catalyst stored NO at the lowest temperatures of the test (∼90 °C) without C2H4 and H2O, and the NO storage was enhanced by the presence of C2H4 but inhibited by H2O at bed temperature under 100 °C. Most of the NOx emissions during the FTP simulation were in the form of NO, and the catalyst produced low N2O levels on tests with C2H4. The oxidized Pd/Al2O3 sample exhibited poor NO storage with or without C2H4 and H2O, suggesting that cerium is important for NOx storage when the catalyst is oxidized. Both Pd technologies stored more NO when the samples were reduced, indicating that metallic Pd is effective for storing NO. The Pt/Al2O3 sample exhibited high NO storage efficiency between 90 & 120 °C without H2O & C2H4 but lower efficiency with these species. Above 120 °C, the catalyst produced high NO2 levels and high N2O levels on the tests with C2H4. The Pt/CZO sample performed similarly to the Pd/CZO sample except for higher NO2 and N2O levels. The Pd/CZO catalyst provided the best combination of NO storage with C2H4 and H2O above 100 °C, essentially complete NOx release at the maximum bed temperature of the US06 simulation (400 °C), low NO2 and N2O formation, and cost effectiveness.
Precision architecture

The processor component of the Hewlett-Packard Precision Architecture system is described. The architecture's goals, how the architecture addresses the spectrum of general-purpose user information processing needs, and some architectural design tradeoffs are examined. Extendibility and longevity features are considered. >
Development of an ESI-LC-MS-based assay for kinetic evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate kinase activity and inhibition.

A simple and reliable liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay has been developed and validated for the kinetic characterization and evaluation of inhibitors of shikimate kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtSK), a potential target for the development of novel antitubercular drugs. This assay is based on the direct determination of the reaction product shikimate-3-phosphate (S3P) using electrospray ionization (ESI) and a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) detector. A comparative analysis of the kinetic parameters of MtSK obtained by the LC-MS assay with those obtained by a conventional UV-assay was performed. Kinetic parameters determined by LC-MS were in excellent agreement with those obtained from the UV assay, demonstrating the accuracy, and reliability of this method. The validated assay was successfully applied to the kinetic characterization of a known inhibitor of shikimate kinase; inhibition constants and mode of inhibition were accurately delineated with LC-MS.
A counterexample in finite fixed point theory

This note answers a question raised by Lee Mohler in 1970, by exhibiting a finite topological space X which is the union of closed subspaces Y, Z, such that Y, Z, and Y ⋂ Z, but not X, have the fixed point property. The example is a triangulation △ of S3, the points of X being the simplices of Δ and the closed sets the subcomplexes of △.
P.18.2 A ten-year follow-up study on muscle strength and motor function in children, adolescents and young adults with myotonic dystrophy

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is one of the more common neuromuscular disorders in childhood with strongly varying prevalence in different regions. The disorder is autosomal dominantly inherited and the genetic defect is due to a CTG trinucleotide repeat expansion localized on chromosome 19. The disorder is multisystemic with symptoms from muscles, eyes, heart, brain, gastrointestinal tract and endocrine systems. Since 1999 several projects have been carried out in a multiprofessional research group at the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, where medical problems, behavioural problems, cognitive function, muscle strength, motor function, orofacial problems and dental health in children and adolescents with DM1 have been investigated. A ten-year follow-up study was started during 2011, where today 65 children, adolescents and young adults with confirmed diagnosis have been investigated. The aim of the study was to explore how clinical features and medical consequences of the disorder change over time in children, adolescents and young adults with DM1. The results, so far, regarding changes in muscle strength and motor function are following. Muscle strength increases over time in most of the assessed patients, although the distal muscle groups in several patients show signs of deterioration. Regarding motor function there is high variability, several of the patients increase their motor function while others show a deteriorating pattern. The deterioration does not seem to be related to either age or severity of the disorder. The number of patients with foot deformities and scoliosis seem to increase over time in the group with more pronounced muscle weakness. The results are still preliminary and will be further analysed.
A HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN A MONTANE LEAF BEETLE CHRYSOMELA AENEICOLLIS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE).

Herbivorous insects that use the same host plants as larvae and adults can have a subdivided population structure that corresponds to the distribution of their hosts. Having a subdivided population structure favors local adaptation of subpopulations to small-scale environmental differences and it may promote their genetic divergence. In this paper, I present the results of a hierarchical study of population structure in a montane willow leaf beetle, Chrysomela aeneicollis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This species spends its entire life associated with the larval host (Salix spp.), which occurs in patches along high-elevation streams and in montane bogs. I analyzed the genetic differentiation of C. aeneicollis populations along three drainages in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California at five enzyme loci: ak-1, idh-2, mpi-1, pgi-1, and pgm-1, using recent modifications of Wright's F-statistics. My results demonstrated significant differentiation (FST = 0.043) among drainages that are less than 40 kilometers apart. One locus, pgi-1, showed much greater differentiation than the other four (FST = 0.412), suggesting that it is under natural selection. C. aeneicollis populations were also subdivided within drainages, with significant differentiation 1) among patches of willows (spanning less than three kilometers) and 2) in some cases, among trees within a willow patch. My results demonstrate that this species has the capacity to adapt to local environmental variation at small spatial scales.
Nucleotide sequence of the 5′ end of tryptophan messenger RNA of Escherichia coli☆

Abstract The 5′-terminal sequence of the tryptophan (trp) operon messenger RNA of Escherichia coli was determined by a combination of in vivo and in vitro 32P-labeling techniques. A leader sequence of approximately 166 nucleotides precedes the start codon for the polypeptide specified by the operator-proximal structural gene, trpE. The leader sequence contains an AUG codon (positions 27 to 29) in a region which binds ribosomes (Platt et al., 1976) and is followed in phase by the tandem chain termination codons, U-A-A-U-G-A (positions 120 to 125). The inferred DNA sequence has a region of high G + C content (positions 126 to 137) followed by a region of high A + T content (positions 138 to 156). Studies in vivo (Bertrand et al., 1976) and in vitro (Lee et al., 1976) suggest that transcription termination occurs in the vicinity of these G + C and A + T-rich regions and that termination may be regulated (Bertrand & Yanofsky, 1976).
Studies on Occupational Injuries of Non-occupational Industrial Injury Insurance

Occupational injuries of participants in industrial injury insurance and those who do not participate in are regulated in Ordinance of Industrial Injury Insurance.For those who do not participate in injury insurance,how to determine the facts and how to shoulder the responsibility are not clearly regulated.The occupational injury of non-occupational injury insurance has elements of industrial accident,and it should be work-related injuries.As facts it should be determined by labor dispute arbitration committee or people's court.It should be the legal treatment of work-related injuries,but not tort compensation in the occupational injury of non-occupational injury insurance for its social risk.In addition,the current rules should be further improved in areas such as qualification,relation of labor dispute arbitration committee and civil procedure,efforts increasing to protect rights,institutional innovation,etc.
Hypertension Prevalence Among 7855 Employees in an Electronics Factory in Huizhou

Objective To explore the prevalence of hypertension among 7 855 employees in an electronics factory.Methods Census was conducted,with the data analyzed according to the classification criteria in "1999WHI/ISH treatment guidelines".Results The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension in the employees was 9.23%,6.70% in females,and 3.31% in males.Age,sex,education,family history,marital status and body mass index were the main risk factors of hypertension incidence.Conclusion Comprehensive prevention and treatment of hypertension based on plant should be strengthened.
Explaining a Mysterious Maximal Inequality — and a Path to the Law of Large Numbers

In 1964 A. Garsia gave a stunningly brief proof of a useful maximal inequality of E. Hopf. The proof has become a textbook standard, but the inequality and its proof are widely regarded as mysterio...
A Hybrid-Body Containing Constituents of Both P-Bodies and Stress Granules Forms in Response to Hypoosmotic Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell is a highly compartmentalized space that contains a variety of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules in addition to its complement of membrane-bound organelles. These RNP granules contain specific sets of proteins and mRNAs and form in response to particular environmental and developmental stimuli. Two of the better-characterized of these RNP structures are the stress granule and Processing-body (P-body) that have been conserved from yeast to humans. In this report, we examined the cues regulating stress granule assembly and the relationship between stress granule and P-body foci. These two RNP structures are generally thought to be independent entities in eukaryotic cells. However, we found here that stress granule and P-body proteins were localized to a common or merged granule specifically in response to a hypoosmotic stress. Interestingly, these hybrid-bodies were found to be transient structures that were resolved with time into separate P-body and stress granule foci. In all, these data suggest that the identity of an RNP granule is not absolute and that it can vary depending upon the nature of the induction conditions. Since the activities of a granule are likely influenced by its protein constituency, these observations are consistent with the possibility of RNP granules having distinct functions in different cellular contexts.
Measuring the impact of pollution closures on commercial shellfish harvest: The case of soft-shell clams in Machias Bay, Maine

Abstract Temporary closures of polluted coastal waters to shellfish harvesting protect human health but also generate broad socioeconomic impacts on rural, fishing-dependent communities. Improved understanding of these impacts could help coastal managers prioritize investments to protect water quality and mitigate the effects of coastal pollution. Using a regression model of monthly landings, we explore the impact of temporary closures on the commercial harvest of soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria) in the Machias Bay region of Maine (USA). We find that economic losses are significant and depend heavily on tidal activity, and the size, frequency and timing of closures. Over the nine-year sample period (2001–2009), temporary pollution closures contributed to the loss of $3.6 million in forgone revenue (2014 dollars), approximately 27.4% of total revenue. Closures linked to combined sewer overflows from the Machias wastewater system produce the majority of these losses ($2.0 million) with the largest occurring during the peak clamming season (May–August). Our results highlight the variability of the impacts of closures and the information burden for efficient management of shellfish areas and coastal waters. By strategically reducing pollution, managers could limit public health risks, avoid destabilizing harvesting and revenue, and bolster the resilience of fishing communities.
The Postmodernism of Postmodernism: It’s a “Funny” Story

My primary thesis is that postmodernism always invokes a metafunction of self-reflexivity to some notion of “beginning.” First, I reference Heidegger, who views being as the beginning. However, as Gayatri Spivak writes in her famed introduction to Jacques Derrida’s Of Grammatology, “That something is, presupposes that anything can be” (xiv). Thus, there is some preoriginary concept for any concept before it emerges. In this sense, the arche (the beginning) only has presence by its complimentary absence. In Postmodernism, then, we are left with a language of metaphoricity (which is the crux of Being). However, I then ask: if the thought of thought tends towards the beginning, what could be said of the Meta-mind behind “thought?” Descartes, Derrida argues, gives the name ‘folly’ to the prereflexive cogito – before the “I think” can be reflected upon a pronounced being. Building off Derrida’s argument at length I claim that in postmodernism, nothing should be in stasis; everything is in flux. Thus, to reconcile with this pre-originary space, one always falls from the beginning, always traces the beginning (in the Derridean sense).
Total energy expenditure in captive capuchins (Sapajus apella)

Primates have markedly lower total energy expenditure (TEE; kcal/day) than other placental mammals, expending approximately 50% less energy for their mass than non-primate eutherians. However, little is known regarding interspecific variation of energy expenditure within platyrrhine primates. We investigated TEE in captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella, n = 8, ages 7-36), a frugivorous platyrrhine, to compare TEE with other placental mammals and primates. We tested the hypothesis that large-brained capuchins would exhibit greater TEE than other platyrrhines that are less encephalized. We used the doubly labeled water (DLW) method to measure TEE over 7-11 days, during which physical activity data were recorded via focal observation. TEE was strongly correlated with fat free mass, but sex, age, and rates of walking and climbing were not correlated with variation in TEE in multivariate analyses controlling for fat free mass. We found evidence that daily physical activity was negatively correlated with body fat percentage. Capuchin TEE was similar (P = 0.67) to other, less encephalized platyrrhines (Callithrix and Alouatta) and 54% lower than other placental mammals, in analyses controlling for body mass. These results suggest that brain size and physical activity do not necessarily influence variation in daily energy expenditure across primate species.
60Co Heat-source Encapsulation

The properties of nickel- and cobalt-based heat-resistant alloys were studied to determine their suitability as capsules for irradiated cobalt in heat sources. Capsules with 0.1-in.-thick walls can...
Proactive-DIEL in Evolving Referral Networks

Distributed learning in expert referral networks is a new Active Learning paradigm where experts—humans or automated agents—solve problems if they can or refer said problems to others with more appropriate expertise. Recent work augmented the basic learning-to-refer method with proactive skill posting, where experts may report their top skills to their colleagues, and proposed a modified algorithm, proactive-DIEL (Distributed Interval Estimation Learning), that takes advantage of such one-time posting instead of using an uninformed prior. This work extends the method in three main directions: (1) Proactive-DIEL is shown to work on a referral network of automated agents, namely SAT solvers, (2) Proactive-DIEL’s reward mechanism is extended to another referral-learning algorithm, \(\epsilon \)-Greedy, with some appropriate modifications. (3) The method is shown robust with respect to evolving networks where experts join or drop off, requiring the learning method to recover referral expertise. In all cases the proposed method exhibits superiority to the state of the art.
Size of Facial Port-Wine Birthmark May Predict Neurologic Outcome in Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

Objective To determine whether the size of the birthmark in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) who have brain involvement can help predict neurologic disability. Study design Fifty-one patients with SWS with facial birthmarks and brain involvement documented on magnetic resonance imaging were included in this retrospective chart review. A neuroradiologist, blinded to all clinical information, assigned a previously validated SWS neuroimaging score. A pediatric neurologist prospectively assigned previously validated neurologic severity scores, based on seizures, hemiparesis, visual field cut, and cognitive impairments. Three raters, blinded to clinical scores, independently graded the size of facial birthmark in each patient based on photographs. Their scores were averaged. Birthmark scores were compared with the imaging and neurologic severity results using nonparametric correlation analysis. Results Size of facial port-wine birthmark correlates with magnetic resonance imaging scores on the left and right sides (ρ = 0.57 and 0.66 [P Conclusions The size of facial port-wine birthmark in SWS brain involvement can be developed as a tool to predict neurologic severity of the disease.
The Stuff Moves Around

Cosmology, as the term itself suggests, is a study of the cosmos—the universe— especially those aspects that have to do with its origin, its large scale structure, and its evolution. We shall consider these lofty notions more carefully toward the end of our study here. In the meantime, we shall look at smaller-scale features of the universe, particularly the structure and evolution of stars and, closer to home, the star system of which we are a part—our solar system.
Integrated Multicomponent Interventions for Safety and Health Risks Among Black Female Survivors of Violence: A Systematic Review:

The epidemic of violence disproportionately affects women, including Black women. Black women survivors of violence have been found to face multiple safety and health issues such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, HIV, and poor reproductive health. Many health issues co-occur, and this co-occurrence can be associated with additional safety and health-related challenges for survivors. Consequently, there is a need for multicomponent interventions that are designed to concurrently address multiple health issues commonly faced by Black survivors of violence. This systematic review of literature determines the efficacy of various strategies used in the existing evidence-based multicomponent interventions on violence reduction, promotion of reproductive health, reduction in risk for HIV, reduction in levels of stress, and improvement in mental health. Sixteen intervention studies were identified. Examples of components found to be efficacious in the studies were safety planning for violence, skill building in self-care for mental health, education and self-regulatory skills for HIV, mindfulness-based stress reduction for reducing stress, and individual counseling for reproductive health. Although some strategies were found to be efficacious in improving outcomes for survivors, the limitations in designs and methods, and exclusive focus on intimate partner violence calls for more rigorous research for this population, particularly for Black survivors of all forms of violence. There is also need for culturally responsive multicomponent interventions that account for diversity among Black survivors.
L-Carnitine derived zwitterionic betaine materials

An L-carnitine derived zwitterionic betaine material was developed. The synthesized L-carnitineMA was the first zwitterionic betaine monomer from natural feedstocks. In the models of Surface coating and hydrogel, the L-carnitineMA material was able to achieve superior anti-fouling performance as good as state-of-the-art zwitterionic betaine materials.
Development and implementation of rapid feedback using a cloud-based assessment tool

To design assessments that enable rapid feedback and simultaneously empower instructors to formulate and manage problems, a new cloud-based assessment tool was developed. The online-tool combines the utility of Google Forms and the versatility of developing complex multiple choice problems within Google Sheets. Using this tool, instructors are able to generate a question library, edit numerical parameters that update formulated responses, select assessment questions, and administer the assessments using student smartphones. Students receive their scores instantaneously and are able to review incorrect responses alongside the solutions. A core mechanical engineering course, that previously used paper-based quizzes, was selected for implementation. Apart from automated grading, the use of such an assessment tool provided useful statistics on student performance and quantified key misconceptions. Surveyed students praised the instantaneous feedback and a notably high student engagement was observed following the quizzes compared to when the traditional quizzes were returned. This approach prompts self-evaluation exactly when the students are most receptive to the explanations. The outcomes hint at the next generation of assessment tools for individualized and rapid feedback to benefit student learning.
Updatable Tokenization: Formal Definitions and Provably Secure Constructions

Tokenization is the process of consistently replacing sensitive elements, such as credit cards numbers, with non-sensitive surrogate values. As tokenization is mandated for any organization storing credit card data, many practical solutions have been introduced and are in commercial operation today. However, all existing solutions are static yet, i.e., they do not allow for efficient updates of the cryptographic keys while maintaining the consistency of the tokens. This lack of updatability is a burden for most practical deployments, as cryptographic keys must also be re-keyed periodically for ensuring continued security. This paper introduces a model for updatable tokenization with key evolution, in which a key exposure does not disclose relations among tokenized data in the past, and where the updates to the tokenized data set can be made by an untrusted entity and preserve the consistency of the data. We formally define the desired security properties guaranteeing unlinkability of tokens among different time epochs and one-wayness of the tokenization process. Moreover, we construct two highly efficient updatable tokenization schemes and prove them to achieve our security notions.
Computational Platforms for Integrated Cardiac Image Analysis

Ischemic heart disease is a major clinical problem. Myocardial injury caused by ischemic heart disease is often regional, and causes regional alterations in the deformation patterns in the left ventricle (LV). It is the fundamental goal of many forms of cardiac imaging and image analysis to measure the regional function of the LV in an effort to isolate the location and extent of ischemic or infarcted myocardium.
Don't Go Breaking My Heart Again: A Case of Recurrent Myocarditis

Background Myocarditis refers to inflammation of the heart muscle due to infectious and non-infectious triggers.The most common infectious pathogens are coxsackievirus, adenovirus and parvovirus B-19. Myocarditis is the third most common cause of sudden cardiac death - identified in 8.6% to 12% of autopsies. We present a case of recurrent myocarditis, in a patient with a history of coxsackie myocarditis and the importance of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in its diagnosis. Case report 45-year-old female with a history of coxsackie myocarditis - occurred in 2012 and again in 2014. During both episodes patient underwent a coronary angiogram that revealed normal coronary arteries (FIG 1).In 2014, the angiogram noted hypokinesis of the mid-ventricle with an estimated left ventricular function of 40%.Prior treatments included Aspirin and Colchicine. In 2017, she presented to the emergency department with sharp chest pain radiating to the back. Associated symptoms included two-week history of chills, sore throat and cervical lymphadenopathy. Initial vital signs and physical exam were unremarkable. A 12 lead electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with septal q waves. Laboratory results were notable for mildly elevated troponin at 0.134, erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 32 and C-reactive protein at 1.05. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) revealed left ventricular systolic function of 40% with hypokinesis and T2 enhancement of the mid-septum and the mid lateral segments (FIG 2) - there was no late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Based on this information a diagnosis of focal myocarditis was made. She was successfully treated with Aspirin 81mg, Colchicine 0.6mg twice per day, Metoprolol Succinate 25mg daily and a two week tapering dose of Prednisone 20mg daily (for suspected underlying pericarditis component). Discussion Myocarditis is an under diagnosed cardiac disease that carries high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis remains challenging due to nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms and low accuracy of endomyocardial biopsy. However, CMR can provide information about cardiac anatomy and tissue characterization. The presence and extent of LGE and abnormal T2 weighted imaging carry prognostic implication in predicting major cardiovascular events. This case highlights the importance of CMR in diagnosis and risk stratification of chronic myocarditis.
Do Female Athletes Return to Sports After Hip Preservation Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome?: A Comparative Analysis.

Background:Female patients undergoing surgery for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) often experience inferior clinical outcomes and higher failure rates when compared with male patients....
A Qualitative Description of Self-Regulatory Behaviors of Male Expert and Novice Athletic Trainers in Collegiate Settings

Context: Understanding the transition from a novice to an expert has the potential to provide valuable information for young professionals and athletic training educators to aid in the development of tools necessary for lifetime professional learning. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the self-regulated learning behaviors of male athletic trainers used to develop expertise in clinical evaluation and diagnosis domain knowledge in athletic training. Design: Descriptive qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. Setting: NCAA Division I and II colleges in NATA District 3 (DC, MD, NC, SC, VA, and WV.) Participants: A total of 20 male n = 10 novice (limited experiences) and n = 10 expert (at least 10 years of experience) athletic trainers in the college setting participated in the study. Data Collection and Analysis: Data were collected using an interview and questionnaire. Data were transcribed and analyzed using interpretive thematic analysis procedures. Member check...
Locale and Universe: The Shared Story of the Heartland's Lucas County, Iowa, and the American Nation, 1846-2012

Review of: "Locale and Universe: The Shared Story of the Heartland's Lucas County, Iowa, and the American Nation, 1846-2012," by Franklin D. Mitchell.
Longitudinal relations between verbal working memory and reading in students from diverse linguistic backgrounds.

Abstract The current research tracked kindergarteners into Grade 4 to investigate the longitudinal relations between reading and verbal working memory (VWM). The samples for investigation included the overall weighted sample, English monolingual (EL1) learners, language minority learners with high English proficiency (HP-LM), and language minority learners with persistently low English proficiency (LP-LM). We first investigated the growth factor relation between VWM and reading and then examined the cross-lagged relations between the two skills in different groups. Results suggested that VWM and reading growth could be separated into the initial phase (kindergarten to Grade 1) and the consolidation phase (end of Grade 1 to Grade 4). Despite the growth rate relation between VWM and reading starting to decline at the consolidation phase for EL1 and HP-LM learners, a moderate growth rate relation was able to remain for LP-LM learners. However, the effects of early VWM on later reading were either small (βs ≤ 0.15) or nonsignificant. In addition, the earlier reading skills were not predictive of later VWM. We suggest that the bidirectional relation between VWM and reading is a codevelopment process rather than a causal factor of each other. However, the process of acquiring basic reading skills and the shaping of VWM influence each other irrespective of linguistic background. Implications for intervention and suggestions for future research are provided.
Association of Default Electronic Medical Record Settings With Health Care Professional Patterns of Opioid Prescribing in Emergency Departments: A Randomized Quality Improvement Study.

Importance Prescription opioids play a significant role in the ongoing opioid crisis. Guidelines and physician education have had mixed success in curbing opioid prescriptions, highlighting the need for other tools that can change prescriber behavior, including nudges based in behavioral economics. Objective To determine whether and to what extent changes in the default settings in the electronic medical record (EMR) are associated with opioid prescriptions for patients discharged from emergency departments (EDs). Design, Setting, and Participants This quality improvement study randomly altered, during a series of five 4-week blocks, the prepopulated dispense quantities of discharge prescriptions for commonly prescribed opioids at 2 large, urban EDs. These changes were made without announcement, and prescribers were not informed of the study itself. Participants included all health care professionals (physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) working clinically in either of the 2 EDs. Data were collected from November 28, 2016, through July 9, 2017, and analyzed from July 16, 2017, through May 14, 2018. Interventions Default quantities for opioids were changed from status quo quantities of 12 and 20 tablets to null, 5, 10, and 15 tablets according to a block randomization scheme. Regardless of the default quantity, each health care professional decided for whom to prescribe opioids and could modify the quantity prescribed without restriction. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the number of tablets of opioid-containing medications prescribed under each default setting. Results A total of 104 health care professionals wrote 4320 prescriptions for opioids during the study period. Using linear regression, an increase of 0.19 tablets prescribed (95% CI, 0.15-0.22) was found for each tablet increase in default quantity. When evaluating each of the 15 pairwise comparisons of default quantities (eg, 5 vs 15 tablets), a lower default was associated with a lower number of pills prescribed in more than half (8 of the 15) of the pairwise comparisons; there was a higher quantity in 1 and no difference in 6 comparisons. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that default settings in the EMR may influence the quantity of opioids prescribed by health care professionals. This low-cost, easily implementable, EMR-based intervention could have far-reaching implications for opioid prescribing and could be used as a tool to help combat the opioid epidemic. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT04155229
Indoor emissions of total and fluorescent supermicron particles during HOMEChem

Inhalation of particulate matter is associated with adverse health outcomes. The fluorescent portion of supermicron particulate matter has been used as a proxy for bioaerosols. The sources and emission rates of fluorescent particles in residential environments are not well-understood. Using an ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UVAPS), emissions of total and fluorescent supermicron particles from common human activities were investigated during the HOMEChem campaign, a test-house investigation of the chemistry of indoor environments. Human occupancy and activities, including cooking and mopping, were found to be considerable sources of indoor supermicron fluorescent particles, which enhanced the indoor particle concentrations by two orders of magnitude above baseline levels. The estimated total (fluorescent) mass emission rates for the activities tested were in the range of 4-30 (1-11) mg per person meal for cooking and 0.1-4.9 (0.05-4.7) mg/h for occupancy and mopping. Model calculations indicate that, once released, the dominant fate of coarse particles (2.5-10 micrometer in diameter) was deposition onto indoor surfaces, allowing for the possibility of subsequent resuspension and consequent exposures over durations much longer than the ventilation time scale. Indoor coarse particle deposition would also contribute to soiling of indoor surfaces.
Strain sensing efficiency of hierarchical nano-engineered smart twill-weave composites: Evaluations using multiscale numerical simulations

Abstract This paper evaluates the strain-sensing ability of a nanoengineered hierarchical twill weave composite using multiscale numerical simulations. Piezoresistivity is incorporated in such composite by introducing carbon nanotubes (CNT) in the polystyrene (PSS) matrix so as to form a percolating microstructure. The glass fiber twill weave, which itself contains CNT-modified PSS matrix inside the yarns, is coated with thin film of such piezoresistive matrix to obtain the smart composite configuration. The methodology, presented in this paper, captures the hierarchical intricacies at multiple length scales and implements various mechanical damage mechanisms at subsequent interactive length scales as well as consequent electrical responses so as to yield macroscopic electromechanical response. The simulated responses show excellent correlation with experimental observations signifying the efficacy of the simulation methodology. Such a detailed multiscale approach can provide valuable insights towards tuning of structural hierarchies at multiple length scales for efficient design of smart woven laminated composites.
Preserving Tax Exempt Status for Your Nonprofit Client

In order to preserve a nonprofit’s tax-exempt status, counsel for the organization should stay current on how to appropriately file the IRS Form 990. Many American nonprofit organizations are at risk of losing their tax-exempt status due to changes in the tax code and filing deadlines. The Internal Revenue Service released a new version of the Form 990 in August of 2008, which became effective on December 31 the same year. This article tracks the changes on the form, as well as offers advice on who should file, when, and how. New tax law requires filing the Form 990 every year. Failing to file for three consecutive years will result in the loss of tax-exempt status. However, counsel for nonprofits should be aware that the IRS has indicated a one-time relief is available for specific Form 990 filers whose filing deadlines are after May 17, 2010 and prior to October 15, 2010. This article also includes several online sources where information on how to properly maintain a tax-exempt status can be found. Counselors for nonprofit organizations should review available resources in order to preserve the tax-exempt statuses of their clients.
Metabolic adaptation to progressive mitochondrial dysfunction in aging POLGD257A mice

A decline in mitochondrial function is associated with neurodegeneration and aging. Progressive mitochondrial defects have diverse metabolic consequences that could drive some of the pathophysiological changes that occur with aging. Here, we comprehensively characterized metabolic alterations in PolgD257A mitochondrial DNA mutator mice. Plasma alanine increased dramatically with time, with lactate and other organic acids accumulating to a lesser extent. These changes were reflective of increased glycolysis, rapid gluconeogenesis, and hypoglycemia. Tracing with [15N]ammonium revealed impairment of the urea cycle and diversion to purine catabolism. We also measured alterations in the lipidome, observing a general reduction in canonical lipids and the accumulation of 1-deoxysphingolipids, which are synthesized from alanine via promiscuous serine palmitoyltransferase activity. Consistent with 1-deoxysphingolipid9s association with peripheral neuropathy, PolgD257A mice exhibited thermal hypoalgesia. These results highlight the distinct changes that occur in carbon and nitrogen metabolism upon mitochondrial impairment and key metabolic mechanisms which can drive aging-associated neuropathy.
Public School Teachers & Transgender Students & Pronouns

This is a short review essay of Helen Norton’s book, The Government’s Speech and the Constitution. It applies Professor Norton’s framework to the question of a public school teacher who refuses on religious grounds to use the proper pronouns of transgender students in their classroom. It concludes that public school teachers do not have a free speech right to misgender students. To start, how teachers address students is likely government speech, and therefore outside the scope of Free Speech Clause protection. Even if not, it fails the Pickering-Connick balancing test. First, while the topic of gender identity is without doubt a matter of public concern, at issue is not a discussion of it but a private interaction. Second, a teacher’s refusal to abide by anti-discrimination rules is highly disruptive of the school's mission given the negative impact on the education of transgender students. Finally, for a public school to accommodate the teacher may violate the Equal Protection Clause.
A longitudinal analysis of relationships between neighborhood context and underserved children's physical activity in a rapidly growing city.

Abstract Neighborhood context, which may be impacted by urban growth or residential mobility, is associated with childhood physical activity. This secondary analysis examined associations of objectively measured neighborhood characteristics with young children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary/rest time (SRT) over a period of rapid infrastructure change. Underserved preschoolers (n = 426) from a 36-month obesity prevention intervention were included in a secondary analysis (2019–2020). Based on household addresses, participants were coded as movers or non-movers and linked to four neighborhood variables: 1) distance to recreation sites, 2) annual crimes, 3) annual stray dogs, and 4) Gini index of income inequality. Accelerometry captured MVPA and SRT at baseline and 36 months. Baseline-to-follow-up neighborhood variables within moved and non-moved groups were compared. Multivariable regression assessed associations between follow-up MVPA/SRT and neighborhood variables. 45.3% of participants (n = 193) moved. Distance to the closest recreation site decreased significantly for non-movers (0.75 to 0.72 mi, p In a rapidly growing county, neighborhood context generally improved over time regardless of move status. Within this context, no associations between neighborhood characteristics and MVPA/SRT were detected in children.
Heather Paxson: The Life of Cheese: Crafting Food and Value in America

Heather Paxson The Life of Cheese: Crafting Food and Value in America Berkeley, University of California Press; 2012 283 pages ISBN: 9780520270183 Heather Paxson The Life of Cheese: Crafting Food and Value in America Berkeley, University of California Press 2012 283 pages ISBN: 9780520270183
The effects of the spontaneous ingestion of particular foods or beverages on the meal pattern and overall nutrient intake of humans.

Abstract The influence of the ingestion of particular beverages and foods on the overall nutrient intakes and meal patterns of humans was investigated by paying 323 adults to maintain 7-day diaries of everything they ingested, time of ingestion, and subjective and social conditions. Ingestion of noncaloric beverages, diet sodas, and coffee or tea, were associated with low overall intakes but were not found to influence the amount eaten over the course of the day or in individual meals. Fifteen different calorie containing drink or food types were found, in general, to add to the total calories ingested in meals or over the day without displacing calories ingested in other forms. The results indicate that individual foods or beverages are ingested independent of other constituents and that intake within meals or over the entire day is elastic and readily influenced by nonregulatory factors.
Partnerships and Collaborations in Promoting Health and Wellness in Minority Communities: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

Oppression in its many forms is so ingrained in the fabric of the legal, social, economic, educational, political, and medical systems in America that it often goes unrecognized and unaddressed. The chapters in this volume explored the evasive problem of health and wellness for racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities within a framework of adult education principles.
Gene Therapy: Technology

Gene therapy promises to be the next revolution in medicine, in which drugs made of genetic material can be used to treat disease. Although success has been limited thus far, new technological advances are providing hope for the future. Keywords: gene; virus; nonviral vector; gene delivery
Assessing Geriatrics Content in Undergraduate Medical Education

Most medical schools do not have a separate course in geriatrics, but rather incorporate geriatrics into existing courses. Tracking and assessing curriculum content is more difficult in this setting. This paper describes and compares two approaches to assess curriculum content in geriatrics: a survey of course directors and a course objectives review. The results suggest that course directors report more geriatric content when asked as part of a regular survey than they identify as specific course objectives. Course objectives may be more reflective of the actual emphasis placed on aging-related material in courses. These two approaches appear to be complementary. Medical educators may find both self-report and course objective analysis to be useful and complementary in tracking geriatric material in the undergraduate medical curriculum.
Metabolic syndrome in pediatric cancer survivors: a mechanistic review.

Pediatric cancer survivors have increased risk of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes, leading to premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Multiple tissues that are involved in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism are adversely affected by chemotherapy. This review highlights the relevant tissue and molecular end-organ effects of therapy exposures and synthesizes the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying CVD risk in this vulnerable population. The review also approaches the topic from a developmental perspective, with the goal of providing a translational approach to identifying the antecedents of overt CVD among survivors of pediatric cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1922–1928. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.