cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Graphical tools for improved definition of 3D arterial trees

Very large 3D digital images of arterial trees can be produced by many imaging scanners. While many automatic approaches have been proposed that can begin the process of defining the 3D arterial tree captured in such an image, none guarantee complete, accurate definition. This paper proposes semi-automatic techniques for coming closer to the ultimate goal of defining a complete and accurate 3D arterial tree. As pointed out previously, automated techniques are essential for beginning the process of extracting a complex 3D arterial tree from a large 3D micro-CT image. Yet, many problems arise in this definition of the tree. Our system, initially expounded upon in an earlier effort, uses a series of interactive and semi-automatic tools to examine and correct the identified problems. The system has 3D graphical tools for viewing global and local renderings of the extracted tree, revealing sliding thin-slab views, maximum-intensity projections, multi-planar reformatted slices, and a global/local 2D graphical tree map. The user can invoke several semi-automatic tools for changing the tree as well. The presented results demonstrate the potential of the system.
Semi-supervised accent detection and modeling

In this paper, we propose an iterative refinement framework for semi-supervised accent detection, where the accent labels of training corpus were generated by the user's self-judgement with poor accuracy. Firstly, we get the initial accent detection models based on cross-validation (CV) method, and then select the pure accent samples iteratively based on cost criterion derived from neighbor function, which is sensitive to the accent class purity. SVM based accent recognition approach is applied as the basic accent detection method which assumes that certain phones are realized differently across accents. Finally, we update the accent specific acoustic models via adaptation based on the detected specific accent data. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated with experiments on English dictation database.
Melampolides from Lecocarpus pinnatifidus

Abstract Chemical analysis of Lecocarpus pinnatifidus afforded 11 melampolide-type sesquiterpene lactones and the known flavonoid penduletin. Eight lactones, which were named lecocarpinolides A–H, are new. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations. The biochemical systematic implications of these findings are discussed briefly.
Dissolution of calcium oxalate renal stones in patient with jejunoileal bypass and after reanastomosis.

Abstract A patient formed multiple calcium oxalate renal stones after jejunoileal bypass. Following reanastomosis of the small bowel, she was placed on a high fluid intake and a thiazide diuretic which resulted in a urine undersaturated for calcium oxalate. Stone dissolution occurred in situ.
DICOM 3.0 image display and processing tool for teleradiology

A typical teleradiology system consists of four sub-systems: (1) image acquisition, (2) image transmission, (3) image viewing, and (4) teleconferencing. An image viewing and processing tool is a very important part of the system. A successful teleradiology system would require an effective image display and processing tool based on a standard user friendly GUI. DICOM 3.0 defines vender independent data formats and data transfers for digital medical images. It has been widely supported by industry since the first draft of DICOM 3.0 standard. In this paper, we present a DICOM 3.0 image display and processing tool for teleradiology and teleconsulting. The system provides the user a flexible image display format and a powerful set of image processing tools. A DICOM panel displays the grouped information of patient, study, result, and acquisition setting. This display and processing tool is designed for both clinical and research use.
Minimally invasive fixation of tibial pilon fractures

Advances in automobile safety and prehospital transport systems have been successful in increasing the survivorship of victims of high-speed motor vehicle accidents. This positive development has led to a changing morphology of fractures to the distal tibial articular surface. The increasingly common pattern of massive articular comminution and extreme soft-tissue damage does not lend itself well to the conventional techniques of open reduction and internal fixation. High complication rates have led orthopedic traumatologists to seek new strategies in the management of these injuries. Common to all of these emerging techniques is the desire to minimize additional soft-tissue injury while satisfying the mandate for articular reconstruction and stable metaphyseal fixation. Limited periarticular incisions have emerged as a method of joint reduction. Several alternative methods for articular support must then be considered. The relative merits and difficulties of bridging external fixation, nonbridging external fixation, delayed open reduction, and subcutaneous plating are discussed.
Total Dose Effects on Surface State Density, Carrier Concentration and Mobility in MOS Layers

Measurements are reported in which the induced carrier concentration and Hall mobility of p-channel MOS structures are determined as a function of surface potential by Hall effect measurements at two different temperatures. The ratio of the Hall mobility to conductivity mobility was also determined. The density of interface states within 6 kT of the valence band edge was calculated. The density of these states generally decreased with ionizing radiation dose and the channel carrier mobility was found to decrease with irradiation at low surface potentials. At high surface potentials, channel carrier mobility was relatively insensitive to ionizing radiation. Carrier scattering mechanisms within the conducting channel are discussed.
Utilizing a Required Documentation Course to Improve the Recording Skills of Undergraduate Social Work Students

ABSTRACT Baccalaureate social workers respond to documentation and record-keeping demands of regulatory organizations that oversee or fund social service agencies. Learning to accurately document client needs, progress, and service delivery outcomes is important in ensuring that clients are receiving effective services. Despite the importance of documentation skills, many undergraduate social work programs do not provide sufficient curriculum content on client record keeping. The authors report the results of a study that examined changes in baccalaureate social work students’ perceptions of their documentation skills after completing a required documentation course. The sample size included 101 students at pretest and 97 students completing the post-test. Statistically significant findings show students perceived an increase in knowledge in three areas of documentation: 1) formats, 2) content, and 3) writing skills. The authors discuss implications for social work education and practice.
Attributional style of African-American adolescents

This study ascertains how positive and negative life events are viewed by stigmatized youngsters. The causal attributions of a sample of 139 at-risk African-American adolescents are analyzed in a doubly multivariate repeated measures design. These students were participants in either the federally funded Summer Training and Education Program or the Student Academic and Leadership Enhancement Program funded by the Detroit Compact. Previous research on these students indicated that they have higher than norm global self-concepts and their locus of control is more external than would be expected for their age. The findings of the current study suggest that the attributions these youngsters ascribed to positive events were significantly more internal, stable, and global than the attributions for negative events. An ancillary outcome of this study is to report psychometric information regarding the use of The Attributional Style Questionnaire.
Defining the consensus sequences of E. coli promoter elements by random selection

Abstract The consensus sequence of E.coli promoter elements was determined by the method of random selection. A large collection of hybrid molecules was produced in which random-sequence oligonucleotides were cloned in place of a wild-type promoter element, and functional -10 and -35 E.coli promoter elements were obtained by a genetic selection involving the expression of a structural gene. The DNA sequences and relative levels of function for -10 and -35 elements were determined. The consensus sequences determined by this approach are very similar to those determined by comparing DNA sequences of naturally occurring E.coli promoters. However, no strong correlation is observed between similarity to the consensus and relative level of function. The results are considered in terms of E.coli promoter function and of the general applicability of the random selection method.
Spontaneous Spinal Subdural Hematoma of Intracranial Origin Presenting as Back Pain

Abstract Background Spinal subdural hematoma (SDH) is an uncommon condition mainly associated with bleeding dyscrasias, use of anticoagulants, trauma, iatrogenic procedures, and vascular malformations. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are recommended to prevent progressive neurologic compromise. Spinal SDH concomitant with intracranial SDH is an even rarer entity, with few cases reported in the English literature. Here we present a case of spontaneous spinal SDH with intracranial SDH presenting as sacral back pain in a 70-year-old man. We also describe the potential mechanism, treatment, and prognosis of concomitant spinal and intracranial SDH. Case Report We report an unusual case of spontaneous spinal SDH concomitant with intracranial SDH and discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation, potential etiology, treatment, and prognosis of this disease. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Awareness of the association between spinal SDH and intracranial SDH can expedite appropriate imaging of both brain and spine, which can lead to a more complete diagnosis and require changes in patient management in the emergency setting.
Developing an economic rationale for the use of selective COX-2 inhibitors for patients at risk for NSAID gastropathy.

Arthritis causes considerable patient morbidity and substantial health care resource utilization. One important contributing component to the overall cost burden of this condition is the variety of expenditures attributable to the adverse effects of arthritis therapy. Nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a mainstay of medical treatment for patients with arthritis because of their well-established anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Generally well tolerated, traditional NSAIDs nevertheless cause adverse gastrointestinal (GI) effects in a proportion of patients. Because nonselective NSAIDs are so widely used, these GI adverse events cause significant morbidity and mortality, accounting for substantial additional health care expenditures. Data from controlled investigations document the enhanced GI safety of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2–selective inhibitors, or coxibs, when compared with nonselective NSAIDs. As a result of this improved safety profile, patients treated with coxibs use significantly fewer GI-related health care resources (eg, medications, procedures) than patients treated with nonselective NSAIDs. Thus, available clinical and economic data suggest that the use of coxibs has the potential to result in important clinical GI benefits at an acceptable incremental cost for all chronic NSAID users. For individuals who are at an increased risk of developing GI complications attributable to NSAIDs, coxibs are clearly a cost-effective treatment option.
Influence of externally applied stresses on kinetics of ion exchange in glass

Des echantillons de verre silicosodocalcique ont ete soumis en flexion a un echange ionique dans un bain de KNO 3 fondu. Apres echange d'ions et refroidissement les echantillons presentent une assymetrie des contraintes residuelles. Les profils de penetration du potassium mesures montrent que la diffusion maximale a lieu pour la face en tension, la maximale pour cette compression, la face neutre etant entre les deux
Development and evolution of the female gametophyte and fertilization process in Welwitschia mirabilis (Welwitschiaceae).

PREMISE OF THE STUDY The female gametophyte of Welwitschia has long been viewed as highly divergent from other members of the Gnetales and, indeed, all other seed plants. However, the formation of female gametes and the process of fertilization have never been observed. METHODS Standard histological techniques were applied to study gametophyte development and the fertilization process in Welwitschia. KEY RESULTS In Welwitschia, fertilization events occur when pollen tubes with binucleate sperm cells grow down through the nucellus and encounter prothallial tubes, free nuclear tubular extensions of the micropylar end of the female gametophyte that grow up through the nucellus. Entry of a binucleate sperm cell into a vacuolate prothallial tube appears to stimulate the rapid coagulation of cytoplasm around a single female nucleus, which differentiates into an egg cell. One sperm nucleus enters the female gamete, while the second sperm nucleus remains outside and ultimately degenerates. Only a single fertilization event occurs per mating pair of pollen tube and prothallial tube. CONCLUSIONS Welwitschia lacks the gnetalean pattern of regular double fertilization, as found in Ephedra and Gnetum, involving sperm from a single pollen tube to yield two zygotes. Moreover, an analysis of character evolution indicates that the female gametophyte of Welwitschia is highly apomorphic both among seed plants, and specifically within Gnetales, but also shares several key synapomorphies with its sister taxon Gnetum. Finally, the biological role of prothallial tubes in Welwitschia is examined from the perspectives of gamete competition and kin conflict.
Improvements in insulin resistance with weight loss, in contrast to rosiglitazone, are not associated with changes in plasma adiponectin or adiponectin multimeric complexes.

It has been suggested that changes in adiponectin levels may contribute to improved insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant individuals both after weight loss and after treatment with thiazolidine...
Antithrombin III as a Factor in Recurrent Thromboembolism

A 43-year-old man with recurrent pulmonary emboli associated with antithrombin III deficiency is presented. After laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma, thrombophlebitis and emboli were treated with heparin. Subsequent failure of therapy resulted in application of an inferior vena cava clip. Recurrent emboli from the site of the clip were managed by vena cava division and reconstruction. The primary problem was antithrombin III deficiency with levels less than 40% of normal.The first recorded case of ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) for pulmonary embolus was by Trendelenburg in 1911.12 Homans2 suggested prevention of pulmonary embolus with ligation of the IVC in 1944. Since then, treatment of deep vein thrombosis with or without pulmonary embolus has focused on anticoagulant therapy. Recent studies have demonstrated a lower morbidity and mortality with anticoagulation than with any surgical procedure.3 The primary indications for IVC interruption are contraindica tion to anticoagulation or f...
Detection of Offset QPSK with Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes over a Static Channel

In this letter we examine the application of space-time block codes (STBC) to offset QPSK (OQPSK). We present the maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder for STBC-OQPSK as well as a simplified decoder. We show through analysis and simulation that the simplified decoder matches the performance of the ML decoder.
Pharmacological inhibition of the ClpXP protease increases bacterial susceptibility to host cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides and cell-envelope active antibiotics

ABSTRACT The ClpXP protease is a critical bacterial intracellular protease that regulates protein turnover in many bacterial species. Here we identified a pharmacological inhibitor of the ClpXP protease, F2, and evaluated its action in Bacillus anthracis and Staphylococcus aureus. We found that F2 exhibited synergistic antimicrobial activity with cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics that target the cell well and/or cell membrane, such as penicillin and daptomycin, in B. anthracis and drug-resistant strains of S. aureus. ClpXP inhibition represents a novel therapeutic strategy to simultaneously sensitize pathogenic bacteria to host defenses and pharmaceutical antibiotics.
The convergence of flux density in the air gap of induction motors

The tangential components of flux density in the air gap of an induction motor are studied in order to better understand the calculation of torque in the machine. Results of the calculations are given and discussed.
Indoor wave propagation measurements and modeling for evaluation of coverage enhancement using a repeater system

In this paper, we demonstrated that hallway propagation is driven by multiple wall reflections leading to high received field in both LoS case and non-LoS case at hallway junctions due to multiple corner diffraction. The result was verified by T-shaped hallway measurements. Based on the simulation results, it was shown that a repeater system with 30dB total gain can enhance propagation around hallway corners remarkably.
Imaging β-Amyloid Plaques and Neurofibrillary Tangles in the Aging Human Brain

The development of radioligands to image beta-amyloid (A beta) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in vivo in the aging human brain is an important and active area of radiopharmaceutical design. When used in combination with positron emission tomography (Pet) or single photon emission computed tomography (spect), amyloid-imaging tracers could facilitate the evaluation of the efficacy of anti-amyloid therapies currently under intense development by many major pharmaceutical companies throughout the world. Amyloid-imaging agents could also serve as surrogate markers in early diagnosis and neuropathogenesis studies of Alzheimer's disease and other aging-related neurodegenerative disorders. In this review article, the design and biological evaluation of amyloid-imaging agents are discussed. The structures of these agents vary from large proteins and peptides such as radiolabeled A beta peptides and monoclonal antibodies to small molecules derived from Congo red, Chrysamine-G, thioflavin-T, and Acridine Orange. In vitro studies indicate that amyloid plaques contain multiple binding sites that can accommodate structurally diverse compounds, providing flexibility for radiopharmaceutical design of amyloid imaging agents. Compared to large biomolecules, small molecule radiotracers are often readily accessible through chemical synthesis and can display superior brain permeability. Several small molecule amyloid-imaging radioligands display high binding affinities to A beta and sufficient brain penetration for imaging studies. Recent studies demonstrate the feasibility of imaging amyloid plaques in vivo in human subjects with PET. Imaging NFTs, separately or in concert with A beta plaques, is not as far advanced as imaging A beta plaques and remains to be fully characterized and demonstrated.
Attention modulates generalization of visuomotor adaptation.

Generalization represents the ability to transfer what has been learned in one context to another context beyond limited experience. Because acquired motor representations often have to be reinstated in a different or novel environment, generalization is a crucial part of visuomotor learning. In daily life, training for new motor skills often occurs in a complex environment, in which dividing attentional resources for multiple stimuli is required. However, it is unknown how dividing attention during learning affects the generalization of visuomotor learning. We examined how divided attention during training modulates the generalization of visuomotor rotational adaptation. Participants were trained to adapt to one direction with or without dividing attention to a simultaneously presented visual detection task. Then, they had to generalize rotational adaptation to other untrained directions. We show that visuomotor training with divided attention multiplicatively reduces the gain and sharpens the tuning of the generalization function. We suggest that limiting attention narrowly restricts an internal model, reducing the range and magnitude of transfer. This result suggests that attention modulates a selective subpopulation of neurons in motor areas, those with directional tuning values in or near the training direction. Language: en
Flash vacuum pyrolysis of dimethoxymethylsilyl-bis(trimethylsilyl)amine: 1,3-Sigmatropic rearrangements of silaimine intermediates

Abstract Pyrolysis of dimethoxymethylsilyl-bis(trimethylsilyl)amine has been carried out at low pressure. 1,2-Elimination of trimethylmethoxysilane gives N -trimethylsilylmethoxymethylsilaimine (II). 1,3-Sigmatropic rearrangements of II gives N -methoxydimethylsilyldimethylsilaimine (VII). Addition of trimethylmethoxysilane to VII gives trimethylsilyl-bis(methoxydimethylsilyl)amine (VIII) which may lose dimethyldimethoxysilane to give N -trimethylsilyl dimethylsilaimine (IX). Head-to-tail dimerization as well as [2 + 2]-cross cycloaddition reactions of these silaimines intermediates II, VII and IX lead to formation of substituted cyclodisilazanes as the major products.
Loss of mTOR repressors Tsc1 or Pten has divergent effects on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in single hippocampal neuron cultures.

The Pten and Tsc1 genes both encode proteins that repress mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Disruption of either gene in the brain results in epilepsy and autism-like symptoms in humans and mouse models, therefore it is important to understand the molecular and physiological events that lead from gene disruption to disease phenotypes. Given the similar roles these two molecules play in the regulation of cellular growth and the overlap in the phenotypes that result from their loss, we predicted that the deletion of either the Pten or Tsc1 gene from hippocampal neurons would have similar effects on neuronal morphology and synaptic transmission. Accordingly, we found that loss of either Pten or Tsc1 caused comparable increases in soma size, dendrite length and action potential properties. However, the effects of Pten and Tsc1 loss on synaptic transmission were different. Loss of Pten lead to an increase in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, while loss of Tsc1 did not affect excitatory neurotransmission and reduced inhibitory transmission by decreasing mIPSC amplitude. Although the loss of Pten or Tsc1 both increased downstream mTORC1 signaling, phosphorylation of Akt was increased in Pten-ko and decreased in Tsc1-ko neurons, potentially accounting for the different effects on synaptic transmission. Despite the different effects at the synaptic level, our data suggest that loss of Pten or Tsc1 may both lead to an increase in the ratio of excitation to inhibition at the network level, an effect that has been proposed to underlie both epilepsy and autism.
Maximizing ureteroscope deflection: “play it straight”

We studied simple maneuvers to optimize active deflection of the flexible ureteroscope. Up to 61° of active deflection is lost if the ureteroscope is not kept in a straight alignment. Holding the ureteroscope taut, placing a super-stiff guidewire in the working channel, or using an access sheath maximizes active deflection.
Dissolved organic carbon and bioavailability of N and P as indicators of soil quality

Soil quality has become an important issue in soil science. Considerable attempts have been made to define soil quality, but a general concept has not yet been accepted by the scientific community. The selection of quantitative indices for soil quality is extremely difficult, and a considerable number of chemical, physical, and biochemical properties have been suggested as potential indicators of soil quality. Because soil organic matter (SOM) can be associated with different soil chemical, physical and biological processes, it has been widely considered as one of the best soil quality indicator. Land use can significantly influence dynamics of organic carbon and N, P, and S cycle. However, changes in total soil organic carbon (SOC) contents in response to land use may be difficult to detect because of the natural soil variability. In the short to medium term, biological properties and readily decomposable fractions of SOC, such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), are much more sensitive to soil management than is SOM as a whole, and can be used as a key indicator of soil natural functions. Despite the fact that labile C accounts for a small portion of the total organic matter in the soils, DOC is the most mobile and important C-source for microorganisms, and can easily reflect the effects of land use on soil quality. Although several methods are used to characterize DOC, the factors influencing mineralization and bioavailability of elements associated with organic matter (N, P, and S) remains unclear. Future research should focus on the processes that govern DOC and nutrient dynamics and how they affect soil quality.
Electrophysiological properties of rat hippocampal principal cells are unaltered by prenatal protein malnutrition.

There is growing evidence that prenatal protein malnutrition alters the development of the hippocampal formation in rats (Morgane et al., 1993; Galler et al., 1996; Almeida et al., 1996, for reviews). Little is known, however, of the possible functional consequences of prenatal malnutrition on the physiology of principal cells in the hippocampus. We have addressed this issue by comparing the electrophysiological properties of hippocampal neurons (dentate granule cells and CA1 pyramidal cells) in slices prepared from control and from prenatally protein malnourished adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. We found no significant effect of the prenatal protein malnutrition insult upon a number of intrinsic membrane properties measured with whole-cell current clamp recordings, including: resting membrane potential, input resistance, and membrane time constant, or on action potential characteristics such as threshold, amplitude, and/or firing frequency. Additionally, we saw no effect of prenatal malnutrition upon extracellular measures of glutamatergic synaptic transmission such as the presynaptic fiber volley, excitatory postsynaptic potential or population spike amplitude at the perforant path to dentate granule cell synapse or at the Schaffer collateral to CA1 pyramidal cell synapse. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that prenatal protein malnutrition does not result in significant alterations of the cellular physiological properties of these two types of principal neurons in the adult rat hippocampus. Hippocampus 1998;8:380–389. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The use of intraosseous infusions in the operating room

The use of an intraosseous (IO) infusion during the anesthetic care of an 8-month-old, 5.4-kg infant with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) is presented. Previous vascular access had resulted in thrombotic occlusion of the upper and lower venous systems. When intravenous access could not be achieved, an IO needle was placed and IO access was used during the surgical procedure. The role of the IO route in the perioperative period is discussed and its adverse effect profile is reviewed.
An analytic technique to separate cochannel FM signals

A new technique is presented to separate two cochannel frequency modulation signals. Two candidate solutions for the phases are analytically derived, and a sequence of phase solutions is chosen to match the expected power spectral density of each constituent signal. This is accomplished with a one-step linear predictor and a simple two-state Viterbi algorithm. Simulations on recorded radio frequency data indicate improved separation capability over other techniques such as the joint Viterbi algorithm and cross-coupled phase-locked loop.
Composition, size distribution, optical properties, and radiative effects of laboratory-resuspended PM 10 from geological dust of the Rome area, by electron microscopy and radiative transfer modelling

Abstract. In this work, new information has been gained on the laboratory-resuspended PM10 fraction from geological topsoil and outcropped rocks representative of the Rome area (Latium). Mineralogical composition, size distribution, optical properties and the surface radiative forcing efficiency (RFE) of dust types representing the compositional end members of this geological area have been addressed. A multi-disciplinary approach was used, based on chamber resuspension of raw materials and sampling of the PM10 fraction, to simulate field sampling at dust source, scanning electron microscopy/X-ray energy-dispersive microanalysis (SEM XEDS) of individual mineral particles, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of bulk dust samples, building of number and volume size distribution (SD) from microanalysis data of mineral particles and fitting to a log-normal curve, and radiative transfer modelling (RTM) to retrieve optical properties and radiative effects of the compositional end-member dust samples. The mineralogical composition of Rome lithogenic PM10 varies between an end-member dominated by silicate minerals (from volcanics lithotypes), and one mostly composed of calcite (from travertine or limestones). Lithogenic PM10 with intermediate composition derives mainly from siliciclastic rocks or marlstones. Size and mineral species of PM10 particles of silicate-dominated dust types are tuned mainly by rock weathering and, to lesser extent, by debris formation or crystallization; chemical precipitation of CaCO3 plays a major role in calcite-dominated types. These differences are reflected in the diversity of volume distributions, either within dust types or mineral species. Differences are also observed between volume distributions of calcite from travertine (natural source; SD unimodal at 5 μm a.d.) and from road dust (anthropic source; SD bimodal at 3.8 and 1.8 μm a.d.). The volcanics and travertine dusts differently affect the single scattering albedo (SSA) and the asymmetry parameter (g) in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) regions. The downward component of the bottom-of-atmosphere (BOA) solar irradiance simulated by RTM for an atmosphere where only volcanics (or only travertine dust) composes the aerosol, shows that the volcanics contribution to the solar irradiance differs significantly from that of travertine in the NIR region, while similar contributions are modelled in the VIS. The RFE (−293 W m−2 for volcanics and −139 W m−2 for travertine, at 50° solar zenith angle) shows that volcanics dust produces a stronger cooling effect at surface than travertine, as expected for more absorbing aerosols.
Fabry-Perrot Cavity-based Silicon Photonic Thermometers with Ultra-small Footprint and High Sensitivity

In this work we report on the development of silicon photonic temperature sensors with ultra-small footprint and high temperature sensitivity as an alternative solution to legacy-based resistance thermometers.
COMPETITION AMONG GENOTYPES IN THE HOUSEFLY AT VARYING DENSITIES AND PROPORTIONS (THE GREEN STRAIN)

The experiments reported below investigate differences in three biological characters affecting fitness in four genotypes of the housefly, Musca domestica L. These biotic properties were studied at seven different densities in pure and mixed culture. Mixtures of genotypes in three different proportions were employed in the study. It is our aim in this and related studies to increase our understanding of the ecology of natural selection in this organism. This study is patterned after several similar ones carried out with a strain homozygous for the bwb locus in M. domestica (Sullivan and Sokal, 1963, 1964; Sokal and Sullivan, 1963). By extending the study to another strain of the same organism marked with a different mutant we hope to test some of the generality of our conclusions as well as increase the range of the modes of response of the biological properties investigated. Parallel work is also being done in this laboratory on competition among genotypes in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, in which similar experimental designs are yielding both congruent as well as contrasting results (Sokal and Huber, 1963; Sokal and Karten, 1964). No effort has been made to provide an identical genetic background for the mutant and wild type strains. Our emphasis has
Public Access to Information and Documentation at the United Nations Development Programme: Issues, Findings, and Recommendations

A report containing issues, findings, and recommendations concerning the United Nations Development Programme's proposed public information and documentation disclosure policy.
Near‐Source Geometrical Spreading in the Central Virginia Seismic Zone Determined from the Aftershocks of the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake

We used aftershocks of the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake to study geometrical spreading at hypocentral distances less than 60 km in the central Virginia seismic zone. Sixty‐nine aftershocks, occurring from 25 August 2011 through 24 December 2011, provided the data. We used the coda‐normalization method to estimate the attenuation coefficient associated with geometrical spreading. We filtered the time‐domain signals in several octave‐wide frequency bands and examined attenuation of peak S ‐wave amplitude in the 1.0–30.0 Hz frequency range. Amplitude was assumed to decrease as a function of hypocenter distance R according to R − γ . The coefficient of attenuation γ was examined for the three‐component S ‐wave amplitudes, with corrections for SH and SV radiation patterns. We observed no systematic frequency dependence of γ . The coefficient of attenuation for the radial and transverse components, assuming infinite quality factor Q , derived as a weighted mean over the entire range of frequencies (1–30 Hz), are both 1.51±0.05. The weighted mean value of the attenuation coefficient on the vertical component over the same range of frequencies is 1.45±0.05, slightly less than for the horizontal components. We corrected the data assuming three Q models. The estimated geometrical spreading coefficients are in the 1.30–1.46 range, depending on the assumed Q model and component, which is only slightly less than the estimates of γ determined assuming infinite Q . The estimated attenuation coefficients differ significantly from the value of 1.0 expected for a whole space. The results for the horizontal components are in agreement with previous full‐wavefield modeling. However, the observed vertical‐component attenuation is substantially less than that predicted by the synthetics. The depths of the earthquakes are less than 8 km, so these results may not be representative of geometrical spreading in parts of eastern North America where earthquakes occur at greater depths. Online Material: Table of earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanisms.
Reduced intestinal lipid absorption and body weight-independent improvements in insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed Park2 knockout mice

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many human diseases and results from mismatch of damage and repair over the life of the organelle. PARK2 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that regulates mitophagy, a repair mechanism that selectively degrades damaged mitochondria. Deletion of PARK2 in multiple in vivo models results in susceptibility to stress-induced mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction. Surprisingly, Park2 knockout (KO) mice are protected from nutritional stress and do not develop obesity, hepatic steatosis or insulin resistance when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). However, these phenomena are casually related and the physiological basis for this phenotype is unknown. We therefore undertook a series of acute HFD studies to more completely understand the physiology of Park2 KO during nutritional stress. We find that intestinal lipid absorption is impaired in Park2 KO mice as evidenced by increased fecal lipids and reduced plasma triglycerides after intragastric fat challenge. Park2 KO mice developed hepatic steatosis in response to intravenous lipid infusion as well as during incubation of primary hepatocytes with fatty acids, suggesting that hepatic protection from nutritional stress was secondary to changes in energy balance due to altered intestinal triglyceride absorption. Park2 KO mice showed reduced adiposity after 1-wk HFD, as well as improved hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. These studies suggest that changes in intestinal lipid absorption may play a primary role in protection from nutritional stress in Park2 KO mice by preventing HFD-induced weight gain and highlight the need for tissue-specific models to address the role of PARK2 during metabolic stress.
Epidemiological characteristics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Pubei County of Guangxi from 1999-2012

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis(AHC) in Pubei County of Guangxi,and provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention measures.[Methods]The AHC epidemic data of this county from 1999-2012 were collected for epidemiological analysis descriptively.[Results]A total of 188 AHC cases reports in the county in 14 years,no case report in 7 years,but it was reported in recent 3 years.The AHC incidence was between 0.59 /100 000-8.02 /100 000,with the average annual incidence rate of 1.62 /100 000.Most of patients were children under 5 years which occupied 17.02% of total cases.The ratio of male to female was 1.44∶ 1.The disease existed in the each township and the prevalence of low density.The sick people are mainly farmers and live scattered children,but no outbreak was reported.[Conclusion]There are cases in each town of this county,but the number of local cases does not increase with the provincial increasing of AHC cases in some years.
Valence and arousal influence the late positive potential during central and lateralized presentation of images

ABSTRACTThe motivated attention network is believed to be the system that allocates attention toward motivationally relevant, emotional stimuli in order to better prepare an organism for action [Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). Motivated attention: Affect, activation, and action. In P. J. Lang, R. F. Simons, M. Balaban, & R. Simons (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 97–135). Psychology Press]. The late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential (ERP) that is a manifestation of the motivated attention network, has not been found to reliably differentiate the valence of emotionally relevant stimuli. In two studies, we systematically varied epoch, stimulus arousal, stimulus valence, and hemisphere of presentation (Study 2) to investigate valence effects in the LPP. Both central and divided visual field presentations of emotional stimuli found the LPP to be sustained in later windows for high-arousing unpleasant images compared to pleasant ...
A ribosome profiling study of mRNA cleavage by the endonuclease RelE

Implicated in persistence and stress response pathways in bacteria, RelE shuts down protein synthesis by cleaving mRNA within the ribosomal A site. Structural and biochemical studies have shown that RelE cuts with some sequence specificity, which we further characterize here, and that it shows no activity outside the context of the ribosome. We obtained a global view of the effect of RelE on translation by ribosome profiling, observing that ribosomes accumulate on the 5'-end of genes through dynamic cycles of mRNA cleavage, ribosome rescue and initiation. Moreover, the addition of purified RelE to cell lysates shows promise as a method for generating ribosome footprints. In bacteria, profiling studies have suffered from relatively low resolution and have yielded no information on reading frame due to problems inherent to MNase digestion, the method used to degrade unprotected regions of mRNA. In contrast, we find that RelE yields precise 3'-ends that for the first time reveal reading frame in bacteria. Given that RelE has been shown to function in all three domains of life, RelE has potential to improve reading frame and shed light on A-site occupancy in ribosome profiling experiments more broadly.
Learning with Positive and Unknown Features

The study of compound-target binding profiles has been a central theme in cheminformatics. For data repositories that only provide positive binding profiles, a popular assumption is all unreported profiles are negative. In this paper, we caution audience not to take such assumption for granted. Under a problem setting where binding profiles are used as features to train predictive models, we present empirical evidence that (1) predictive performance degrades when the assumption fails and (2) specific recovery of unreported profiles improves predictive performance. In particular, we propose a joint framework of profile recovery and supervised learning, which shows further performance improvement. The presented study not only calls for more careful treatment of unreported profiles in cheminformatics, but also initiates a new machine learning problem as we called “Learning with Positive and Unknown Features”.
Levetiracetam Pharmacokinetics in a Critically Ill Anephric Patient on Intermittent Hemodialysis

In patients requiring hemodialysis, the extracorporeal circuit is expected to remove the majority of serum levetiracetam. The preferred levetiracetam dosing regimen in critically ill patients exhibiting complex pharmacokinetic profiles undergoing hemodialysis is unknown. The objective of this case is to describe levetiracetam pharmacokinetics in a critically ill anephric patient receiving intermittent hemodialysis. This is a case report of a single patient. A 43-year-old anephric female was admitted to the intensive care unit for concerns of new onset seizure activity. She was loaded with 2000 mg levetiracetam followed by a 750 mg daily maintenance dose. The levetiracetam volume of distribution was 0.48 L/kg, and the interdialytic elimination half-life was 31 h. Hemodialysis removed nearly 85% of serum levetiracetam, and the patient exhibited slightly higher than expected non-renal elimination. Pharmacokinetic simulations identified 500 mg daily with 750 mg post-dialysis supplements as the regimen most likely to reduce variability in serum levetiracetam concentrations and achieve levels in the therapeutic range. Substantial elimination of levetiracetam by hemodialysis occurred in this case, and non-renal clearance was slightly higher than in previous reports. Insufficient intradialytic or post-dialysis levetiracetam concentrations may place patients at risk of breakthrough seizures. This case indicates that dialysis patients on levetiracetam may require higher post-dialysis supplemental doses than currently recommended and tailored therapy supported by therapeutic drug monitoring.
Medication use by adolescents and adults with fragile X syndrome.

Background The behavioural challenges and medical conditions associated with fragile X syndrome (FXS) can lead to increased need for medications. Method This longitudinal study examined the use of prescription medications for psychotropic and non-psychotropic purposes by adolescents and adults with FXS drawn from a North American community sample (N = 105). Odds and probabilities of continuing or discontinuing medication were calculated. Predictors of medication use were calculated. Results More than two-thirds took psychotropic medication, and about one-quarter took non-psychotropic medication. Over a 3-year period, those who initially took prescription medications were considerably more likely to remain on medications than to stop. Individuals with more autism symptoms, more behavioural problems, a mental health diagnosis, and greater family income were significantly more likely to use psychotropic medication 3 years later. Individuals who had more health problems, a mental health diagnosis, and were female were more likely to use non-psychotropic medication over this time period. Conclusions Findings highlight the elevated and ongoing use of medication by individuals with FXS. Implications for social and behavioural research on FXS are discussed.
John Cowper Powys and the Inhuman Wordsworth

ABSTRACTThis article explores an overlooked strand of William Wordsworth’s early twentieth-century legacy: his valuing of human insentience, as recognized by the twentieth-century British novelist John Cowper Powys. With particular attention to “A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal” and “Resolution and Independence,” it argues that Powys’s treatment of Wordsworth anticipates recent mineral-focused analyses of Romantic poetry. The article examines some of the many revelatory references to Wordsworth’s images of rocks and stones in Powys’s idiosyncratic works of popular philosophy and his admiring 1938 essay on the poet before turning to Powys’s fictional reworking of those images in three of his novels, A Glastonbury Romance (1932), Weymouth Sands (1934) and Porius (1951). Powys’s “stone-colored” version of Wordsworth is bound up with the novelist’s rewriting of more familiar Romantic themes and thus accommodates a flexible eco-critical approach that acknowledges Wordsworth’s investment in the power of the imagina...
Test problems, reference models and fab simulation

Semiconductor fabs are among the world's most expensive factories, and present some of the most interesting manufacturing planning and control problems. It's not a surprise that simulation is the workhorse analysis methodology, both in practice and in research. Over the past thirty years, a number of "standard" wafer fab test problems have been published to provide a common basis for comparing proposed planning and control policies and algorithms. We present a reference model, expressed in an analysis application agnostic language, OMG SysML™, that can be used to specify any of these test problems. We then show how this reference model also can be used to automate the generation of analysis models for one particular simulation solver, and argue for the use of parametric problem generators as a way to more fully explore planning and control methods.
The Role of Attitudinal Inherency in Contemporary Debate

(1971). The Role of Attitudinal Inherency in Contemporary Debate. The Journal of the American Forensic Association: Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 278-283.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Two Siblings and an Unrelated Infant with Overlapping Chromosome 6q25 Deletions

The pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains poorly understood but is thought to be multifactorial. There are no specific recurring chromosomal abnormalities previously associated with NEC. We report 3 cases of intestinal necrosis associated with large chromosome 6 deletions. The first patient was found to have a 7.9-Mb deletion of chromosome 6 encompassing over 40 genes, arr[GRCh37] 6q25.3q26(155699183_163554531)×1. The second patient had a 19.5-Mb deletion of chromosome 6 generated by an unbalanced translocation with chromosome 18, 46,XY,der(6)t (6;18)(q25.1;p11.23), arr[GRCh37] 6q25.1q27(151639526_ 171115067)×1, 18p11.32p11.23(131700_7694199)×3, which included the whole 7.9-Mb region deleted in the first patient. The third patient was the younger sibling of the second patient with an identical derivative chromosome 6. The shared abnormal chromosome 6 region includes multiple genes of interest, particularly EZR. Mouse models have demonstrated that Ezr is expressed in microvillar epithelium and helps regulate cell-cell adhesion in the gut. We hypothesize that deletion of this shared region of 6q leads to gastrointestinal vulnerability which may predispose patients to intestinal necrosis.
Lattice and Interaction Region Design for B Factories

A B factory consists of two beams, one of electrons and the other of positrons, colliding at an interaction point (IP). Each beam is a train of equally spaced bunches.