cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An 80-Year-Old Man With Dyspnea and Bilateral Pleural Effusions After Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma

An 80-year-old man presented because of superficial head trauma sustained after falling from bed. On review of systems, he reported worsening dyspnea on exertion, nonproductive cough, and weight loss over the preceding 2 to 3 months. There was no report of chest pain or leg swelling. He had a past medical history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, subclinical hypothyroidism, and renal cell carcinoma treated with partial right nephrectomy approximately 1 year before this presentation. Two months earlier he had been evaluated in the dermatology clinic for painful, dystrophic fingernails. At that time he was diagnosed with acropachy with onycholysis and suspected superinfection, and after failing to improve with vinegar soaks and topical antimicrobials, he underwent surgical nail removal on the second and fourth digits of the right hand. Histological examination of the operative specimens revealed dystrophic nails with negative fungal stains. His medications included levothyroxine, hydrochlorothiazide, and clopidogrel. He had never smoked and had done clerical work until retirement. He was originally from Colombia.
Cultural Interpretations of Idioms Embedded with Numerals

In Chinese there exist lots of of idioms embedded with numerals. These idiom, with different numbers of numerals and different collocations, have different linguistic and cultural meanings. Generally speaking, the the numerals have lost their original meaning. This loss of original meaning is due to the numerals themselves. But to a greater extent, it is caused by the cultural tradition of the nation, or to be more specific, by the customary use of language of the nation. It is a result of arbitrariness. Therefore, idioms embedded with numerals, the background of their coming into being and their origins are not to be neglected in the study of modern Chinese
Salivary mucins of patients with cystic fibrosis. Composition and susceptibility to degradation by salivary glycosidases.

When human saliva is incubated at 37 C, the protein-bound carbohydrates of salivary mucins are rapidly released under the action of exoglycosidases of bacterial and glandular origin. When salivas of patients with cystic fibrosis and of matched control subjects were compared in this respect, the release of protein-bound carbohydrate from cystic saliva was appreciably slower than from normal saliva. This abnormal behavior of cystic saliva during incubation does not appear to be due to a deficiency of cystic saliva in exoglycosidases. The activities of neuraminidase, β-galactosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, α- l -fucosidase, and α- d -mannosidase in cystic and normal salivas were assayed against artificial substrates and were found to be on the whole similar. These observations suggest that the abnormal accumulations of mucins in certain tissues and organs in cystic fibrosis could be due to a lowered susceptibility of cystic mucins to enzymatic degradation.
Pharmacological activation of cloned intermediate- and small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+channels

We previously characterized 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone (1-EBIO), as well as the clinically useful benzoxazoles, chlorzoxazone (CZ), and zoxazolamine (ZOX), as pharmacological activators of the intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel, hIK1. The mechanism of activation of hIK1, as well as the highly homologous small-conductance, Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channel, rSK2, was determined following heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) and excised, inside-out patch-clamp techniques. 1-EBIO, CZ, and ZOX activated both hIK1 and rSK2 in TEVC and excised inside-out patch-clamp experiments. In excised, inside-out patches, 1-EBIO and CZ induced a concentration-dependent activation of hIK1, with half-maximal (K(1/2)) values of 84 microM and 98 microM, respectively. Similarly, CZ activated rSK2 with a K(1/2) of 87 microM. In the absence of CZ, the Ca(2+)-dependent activation of hIK1 was best fit with a K(1/2) of 700 nM and a Hill coefficient (n) of 2.0. rSK2 was activated by Ca(2+) with a K(1/2) of 700 nM and an n of 2.5. Addition of CZ had no effect on either the K(1/2) or n for Ca(2+)-dependent activation of either hIK1 or rSK2. Rather, CZ increased channel activity at all Ca(2+) concentrations (V(max)). Event-duration analysis revealed hIK1 was minimally described by two open and three closed times. Activation by 1-EBIO had no effect on tau(o1), tau(o2), or tau(c1), whereas tau(c2) and tau(c3) were reduced from 9.0 and 92.6 ms to 5.0 and 44.1 ms, respectively. In conclusion, we define 1-EBIO, CZ, and ZOX as the first known activators of hIK1 and rSK2. Openers of IK and SK channels may be therapeutically beneficial in cystic fibrosis and vascular diseases.
Electronic Records Training: Suggestions for the Implementation of the CART Curriculum

Prior to its dissolution, the Committee on Automated Records and Techniques (CART) developed a curriculum for electronic records training and education as part of a National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) grant. This article explores decisions that were made by the developers regarding whom to train and adult learning needs and speculates on possible delivery methods for the curriculum, which include on-the-job training, workshops, formal education programs, distance education, and self-directed study.
Circadian Influence on Metabolism and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis

Many aspects of human health and disease display daily rhythmicity. The brain’s suprachiasmic nucleus, which interprets recurring external stimuli, and autonomous molecular networks in peripheral cells together, set our biological circadian clock. Disrupted or misaligned circadian rhythms promote multiple pathologies including chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis. Here, we discuss studies suggesting that circadian fluctuations in the vessel wall and in the circulation contribute to atherogenesis. Data from humans and mice indicate that an impaired molecular clock, disturbed sleep, and shifting light–dark patterns influence leukocyte and lipid supply in the circulation and alter cellular behavior in atherosclerotic lesions. We propose that a better understanding of both local and systemic circadian rhythms in atherosclerosis will enhance clinical management, treatment, and public health policy.
Melatonin Receptor Agonists for Delirium Prevention

Objective: To review the prospective controlled trials available for the use of melatonin receptor agonists for delirium prevention. Data Sources: A MEDLINE literature search (1946 to July 2016) was conducted using the search terms delirium, melatonin, ramelteon, tryptophan, and melatonin-receptor agonist. Prospective controlled clinical trials with delirium prevention as an outcome were included. The references of identified articles were reviewed to identify other relevant articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Controlled clinical trials in humans, limited to the English language, were reviewed. Five randomized and 1 nonrandomized prospective controlled clinical trial exploring the use of melatonin receptor agonists for delirium prevention were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Melatonin agonist therapy for delirium prevention has produced conflicting results in clinical trials. Delirium incidence ranged from no change to significant reductions of approximately 12% to 30%. Four trials were conducted wi...
Vascular Normalization, T Cell Trafficking and Anti-tumor Immunity

Improved understanding of the role of the immune system to limit tumor establishment and progression has led to the development and refinement of targeted immunotherapies. Treatments, such as cancer vaccines, CAR T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors, aim to activate and harness T cells against cancer. However, tumors induce pathological angiogenesis and, at the same time, condition the tumor blood vessels to form a tumor vascular network that is highly abnormal. As a consequence, activated tumor- and stroma-specific T cells may be impeded from penetrating into the tumor lesions, greatly obstructing the therapeutic efficacy of such therapies. Hence, approaches designed to normalize the tumor vasculature are essential to optimize the activity of effector T cells as well as alternate innate and adaptive immune effector cells. In this chapter, we discuss how T cell trafficking is blunted at the tumor blood vessel interface and how therapies that are effective in normalizing the tumor vasculature such as anti-VEGF, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and vaccines targeting tumor blood vessel-associated antigens, among others, can re-establish T cell infiltration into an inflammatory tumor microenvironment, leading to therapeutic benefits in the cancer setting.
MASFA: mass-collaborative faceted search for online communities

Faceted search combines faceted navigation with direct keyword search, providing exploratory search capacities allowing progressive query refinement. It has become the de facto standard for e-commerce and product-related websites such as amazon.com and ebay.com. However, faceted search has not been effectively incorporated into non-commercial online community portals such as craigslist.org. This is mainly because unlike keyword search, faceted search systems require metadata that constantly evolve, making them very costly to build and maintain. In this paper, we propose a framework MASFA that utilizes a set of non-domain-specific techniques to build and maintain effective, portable, and cost-free faceted search systems in a mass-collaborative manner. We have implemented and deployed the framework on selected categories of Craigslist to demonstrate its utility.
Using What You've Got: The Possession and Use of Official Information in Urban School Choice

ABSTRACTIn this study, the author makes the connection between school and district provided information and families' use of this information. Prior studies have found that over half of families eligible for school choice have information to make their decision. However, little is known about if and how families actually use formally provided information. Drawing from observation and in-depth interviews to construct families' information use approaches, the study revealed that approaches families take in engaging information range along a spectrum from what can be characterized as shallow to deep engagement. Their engagement ultimately influences the number, type, and quality of schools to which families apply. As choice proliferates in urban districts and continues to put the least resourced families at increasing disadvantage, the implications of this study can support policymakers and educators in providing more robust information sources and practices to increase potential families' deep engagement.
Case Study C: Beyond Agent-Level Benefits—The Effect of Resilience by Teaming on Network-Level Resilience

Agent-level resilience mechanisms received significant attention over the last years. A wide variety of approaches have been developed based on a trade-off between increased resilience and higher redundancy and use of excess resources. Despite the capacity of some approaches to increase agents’ resilience, their relative benefits have seldom been analyzed from a global perspective. Research in complex systems has successfully linked network formation/re-configuration phenomena, driven by agent-level association/dissociation decisions, and the impact of topology on network performance and survivability (Barabasi and Albert 1999; Albert et al. 2000; Albert and Barabasi 2002; Tangmunarunkit et al. 2002; Thadakamalla et al. 2004; Brede and de Vries 2009). Nevertheless, decision mechanisms analyzed mostly rely on simple probabilistic association/dissociation rules and fail to account for more complex decision criteria involved in supply network formation and re-configuration processes. Regardless of the magnitude of the benefits obtained from any agent-level strategies, it is not possible to extrapolate these benefits to the performance of the entire SN. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand if local benefits are obtained at the expense of performance losses in other SN agents, and whether these approaches create vulnerabilities that hinder SNs ability to be resilient. This chapter analyzes and discusses the benefits of RBT-based decisions relative to traditional SN formation and re-configuration mechanisms based on the results of Reyes Levalle (2015) and Reyes Levalle and Nof (2015a). Results show how local teaming-driven decisions effectively modify SN topology and its ability to overcome disruptions with minimal impact on the SN objectives.
Background and H2O2-induced micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer

1974 Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is currently the most sensitive method for trace DNA adduct detection. AMS measures an isotope ratio, commonly 14 C: 13 C, rather than radioactive decay, to determine the concentration of labelled compound in a sample. At present, analysis of DNA adducts in humans by AMS entails the administration of 14 C-labelled compounds prior to adduct detection. We are developing a 14 C-postlabelling technique, involving incorporation of radiolabel into DNA adducts after isolation, enabling detection of the very low levels of adducts formed in humans by AMS, without the need to administer a 14 C-labelled compound. O 6 -MedG is a strongly mutagenic lesion formed by a variety of alkylating agents and although the repair enzyme ATase is present in human tissues, cellular concentrations can be low. For these reasons, O 6 -MedG was chosen as the DNA adduct for which to develop a 14 C-postlabelling procedure. Initially methods were developed for the derivatisation of 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG) and O 6 -methyl deoxyguanosine (O 6 -MedG) with unlabelled acetic anhydride, resulting in tri-acetylated products, which were isolated and verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry. Reactions were carried out with increasingly lower concentrations of O 6 -MedG and detected by HPLC with UV detection and LC-MS, to establish that the reaction was viable at increasingly lower adduct levels, resulting in detection limits of 1 nmole and 10 fmoles respectively. O 6 -MedG was acetylated with 14 C-acetic anhydride by adapting the established methods. In contrast to previous results, separating the reaction products by HPLC revealed that the major reaction product was 14 C-di acetyl O 6 -MedG. This labelled standard was used to determine the limit of detection by liquid scintillation counting as 745 fmoles of adduct. 14 C-Di acetyl O 6 -MedG was injected onto the HPLC system and one-minute fractions were collected. The fractions corresponding to the labelled adduct were analysed by AMS to produce a calibration line which confirmed a linear relationship between the actual amount of adduct and that measured by AMS over the concentration range examined. The theoretical limit of detection was found to be 128 attomoles. In order to validate and demonstrate the application of this assay in the detection of adducts, DNA was methylated with 3 H-methyl nitrosourea. The DNA was digested and separated by HPLC to isolate 3 H-O 6 -MedG, which was then subjected to the postlabelling procedure to ensure that the adduct can be isolated pure from other methyl adducts and is not degraded during any stage. In summary, a 14 C-postlabelling assay has been successfully developed for the detection of low levels of O 6 -MedG and based on the sensitivity achieved, could be applied to the quantitation of adducts in human samples.
A Discourse Analysis: One Caregiver’s Voice in End-of-Life Care:

Informal family caregivers make a significant contribution to the U.S. health care system, and the need for caregivers will likely increase. Gaining deeper insights into the caregiver experience will provide essential knowledge needed to support the future caregiver workforce delivering care. Discourse analysis is a viable approach in analyzing textual caregiver data that focuses on the end-of-life caregiving experience. The purpose of this study was to conduct an in-depth discourse analytic examination of 13 hours of caregiver interview data, which reveal the multiplicity of shifting stances and perceptions of one caregiver in the midst of end-of-life care, specifically with regard to his perceptions of self (caregiver) and other (care recipient). By isolating a specific but limited set of reference terms used throughout the discourse, we gained systematic glimpses into the mind and perceptions of this single caregiver in relation to his role as caregiver for his terminally ill wife.
Transnational Mechanisms and Pathways in EDUCO’s Development

In the present chapter, I focus squarely on the mechanisms and pathways of transnational influence that were in operation, as well as the implications of the combination of these mechanisms for education reform in El Salvador more generally. I break this discussion down into two sections. In the first, I briefly summarize the process by which Education with Community Participation (EDUCO) developed and then delve into a detailed assessment of those mechanisms which the findings in Chap. 7 brought to the fore. In my assessment of these mechanisms and pathways, I begin by highlighting those which were contained in the analytic framework which I presented in Chap. 3 (e.g., dissemination, aid management). I then continue my assessment by reflecting on the implications of EDUCO’s development for the analytic framework itself.
Becoming the Author of World as Will and Representation: Schopenhauer’s Life and Education 1788–1818

“Becoming the author of World as Will and Representation: Schopenhauer’s life and education 1788–1818”. Schopenhauer told F. A. Brockhaus, the publisher of The World as Will and Representation, that all of one’s thoughts were only developments and variations of those gained by the age of thirty. This chapter traces the sources of some of these thoughts by examining Schopenhauer’s education up to the publication of his principal work.
Postoperative complications after resection of borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer: The impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with conventional radiation or stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Abstract Background The impact of neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy on postoperative complications for patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Limited studies have compared neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy versus conventional chemoradiation therapy. A retrospective study was performed to determine if perioperative complications were different among patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma receiving neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy or chemoradiation therapy. Methods Patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with stereotactic body radiation therapy or chemoradiation therapy followed by pancreatectomy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 2008 and 2015 were included. Predictive factors for severe complications (Clavien grade ≥ III) were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 168 patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and RT followed by pancreatectomy. Sixty-one (36%) patients underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy and 107 (64%) patients received chemoradiation therapy. Compared with the chemoradiation therapy cohort, the neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy cohort was more likely to have locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (62% vs 43% P = .017) and require a vascular resection (54% vs 37%, P = .027). Multiagent chemotherapy was used more commonly in the stereotactic body radiation therapy cohort (97% vs 75%, P Conclusion Compared with chemoradiation therapy, neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy appears to offer equivalent rates of perioperative complications in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma despite a greater percentage of locally advanced disease and more complex operative treatment.
What Is Molecular Anthropology

Evolutionists have turned to molecular studies because nucleic acids are genetic substances that carry evolving organisms from one cell generation to the next, and protein molecules are the mirrored reflection of some of the structure of these nucleic acids.
Cell Surface Antigens Involved in Human Cytolytic T Lymphocyte-mediated Cytolysis

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in host resistance to viral infections1, some types of tumors2 and organ allografts.3 The molecular mechanisms involved in the human CTL response has been the subject of intense investigation. An important development in the study of the lytic mechanism has been the use of monoclonal reagents — both monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and monoclonal CTL. Monoclonal antibodies have been used to probe the surface of the CTL. Functionally relevant cell surface molecules have been identified by the ability of appropriate MAb to inhibit CTL cytolysis. Cloned CTL with known specificity and phenotype have enhanced the sensitivity of this technique.
The prognosis of infants with neonatal respiratory inhibition syndrome.

AbstractObjective: The goal of this study was to investigate the prognosis of infants with neonatal respiratory inhibition syndrome (NRIS).Methods: Infants with a gestational age of at least 36 wee...
From Reinforcement Learning to Deep Reinforcement Learning: An Overview.

This article provides a brief overview of reinforcement learning, from its origins to current research trends, including deep reinforcement learning, with an emphasis on first principles.
Retrospective analysis of patients with high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma treated with interdigitated neoadjuvant MAI chemotherapy and radiation.

e23539Background: High-grade soft tissue sarcoma (STS) carries a poor prognosis, and identifying the optimal treatment regimen remains a challenge. We performed a retrospective analysis of patient ...
Identification of a novel Zebrafish mutant line that develops testicular germ cell tumors

Testicular tumors are the most common solid malignant tumors in men 20-35 years of age. Although most of testicular tumors are curable, current treatments still fail in 15%-20% of patients. However, insufficient understanding of the molecular basis and lack of animal models limit development of more effective treatments. This study reports the identification of a novel zebrafish mutant line, ns1402, which develops testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). While both male and female ns1402 mutants were fertile at young age, male ns1402 mutants became infertile as early as 9 months of age. This infertility was associated with progressive loss of mature sperm. Failure of spermatogenesis was, at least in part, explained by progressive loss of mature Leydig cells, a source of testosterone that is essential for spermatogenesis. Interestingly, TGCTs in ns1402 mutants contained a large number of Sertoli cells and gene expression profiles of Sertoli cells were altered before loss of mature Leydig cells. This suggests that changes in Sertoli cell properties happened first, followed by loss of mature Leydig cells and failure of spermatogenesis. Taken together, this study emphasizes the importance of cell-cell interactions and cell signaling in the testis for spermatogenesis and tissue homeostasis.
Ternary input signal to binary bit output conversion CMOS integrated circuit design using neuron MOSFETs

Multiple-input floating gate MOSFET also known as a neuron MOSFET or neural transistor and floating gate potential diagrams have been used for the conversion of ternary-valued input into corresponding binary output in CMOS integrated circuit design environments. The method is demonstrated through the design of a circuit for conversion of ternary inputs 00 to − 1− 1 (decimal 0 to − 4) and 00 to 11 (decimal 0 to + 4) into the corresponding binary bits in a standard 0.5 μm digital CMOS technology. The physical design of the circuit is simulated and tested with SPICE using MOSIS BSIM3 model parameters. The maximum propagation delay of the output is nearly 1.2 μs. The conversion method is simple and compatible with the present CMOS process. The circuit could be embedded in digital CMOS VLSI design architectures.
Supply-Side Policies: The Lessons from the U.K.

Britain’s supply-side program of deregulation and privatization together with expenditures, tax, and trade union reform first required financial and macroeconomic stability. Once this was achieved in 1982, the reforms were implemented more and more successfully in both the economic and political senses.
Application of trilobal capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers for reversed phase liquid chromatography and ESI-MS for the determination of proteins in different biological matrices

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis provides a great deal of analytical information as a detection technique for biological species determinations. However, because of the common high ionic strength matrices and processing buffers, including salt and small molecules, additional sample preparation/desalting processes are necessary prior to introduction into the ESI source. The most typical form of processing is reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). Limitations to low flow rates (<0.5 mL min−1) for optimal spectral clarity and greatest sensitivity for conventional ESI generally imply use of low linear velocities and slow RPLC separations. Previous efforts in this laboratory have demonstrated the use of capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers for high throughput protein separations. More recently, a trilobal version of the fiber has proven to yield superior separations due to better packing quality. To further investigate the potential application of the trilobal-shaped C-CP fiber in LC-MS, trilobal polypropylene (PP) fiber columns were applied for RP-LC-ESI-MS protein determinations in highly-diverse biological matrices, including urine, saliva and HL5 cell culture media. Several parameters, including fiber packing density, mobile phase flow rate, and gradient rate were evaluated using a four-protein mixture (ribonuclease A, cytochrome c, lysozyme, and myoglobin). In addition, differences in ion-pairing performance between trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, and acetic acid were evaluated. The effectiveness of the matrix removal is reflected in the near-identical qualitative and quantitative ESI-MS responses in all cases for a five-protein mixture. The results of this study demonstration the utility in the application of trilobal, polypropylene C-CP fibers in LC-MS analysis of biomacromolecules.
Truthful Quality-Aware Data Crowdsensing for Machine Learning

Crowdsensing has found a broad range of applications (e.g., spectrum sensing, environmental monitoring) by leveraging the "wisdom" of a potentially large crowd of "workers" (i.e., mobile users). One important class of applications use the data collected from crowdsensing for data analytics via machine learning (e.g., for wireless indoor localization). To exploit the potential of crowdsensing for machine learning, it is beneficial for the crowdsensing requester to know and make use of the quality of worker’s data. In this paper, based on a general linear regression model of machine learning, we devise truthful quality-aware crowdsensing mechanisms for quality and effort elicitation, which incentivize workers to truthfully report their private worker quality to the requester, and make effort as desired by the requester. The truthful design of the mechanisms overcomes the differences of ground truths of workers’ tasks, and the coupling in the joint elicitation of workers’ quality, effort, and data. Under the mechanisms, we investigated the socially optimal and the requester’s optimal effort assignments, and analyze their performance. We show that the requester’s optimal assignment is determined by the "virtual quality" rather than the highest quality among workers, which depends on the worker’s quality and the quality’s distribution. Simulation results are provided which demonstrate the truthfulness of the mechanisms and the performance of the optimal effort assignments.
Copper Electrodeposition by Hydrogen Evolution Assisted Electroplating (HEA) for Wearable Electronics

A novel technique called hydrogen evolution assisted (HEA) electroplating, has dramatically shown enhancement to the deposition rate of copper compared to galvanostatic conventional electroplating methods, opening new venues for the direct integration of devices to fabrics leading to the development of useful wearable electronics. HEA can be used for both printing copper tracks on a multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated template tracks and soldering surface mount electronic devices (SMD) to such tracks, demonstrating its versatility to be used for specific applications in which fabric mutilation wants to be prevented. However, in this project we studied how copper deposition takes place at different voltage ranges using 1000 Denier Coated Cordura Nylon, Laminated Polyester Ripstop and 100% Virgin Vinyl in the constant presence of the hydrogen evolution technique. Cupric sulfate (CUSO 4 ) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) were used as the medium to allow a lateral deposition over a multi-wall carbon nanotube track of 0.1mm by the application of a voltage ranging between - 0.5V to −2.0V using a potentiostat to employ the cyclic voltammeter technique in order to achieve a uniform deposition. Structure of the fabrics and variation of the copper deposits with respect to the type of fabric used were observed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
What the WUNC? Perceptions of WUNC and Social Movement Mobilization

Charles Tilly (1994) provided a four-part framework that outsiders (e.g., targets, potential supporters) use when assessing a social movement: worthiness, unity, numbers, and commitment (WUNC). The...
CoMNRank: An integrated approach to extract and prioritize human microbial metabolites from MEDLINE records.

Abstract Motivation Trillions of bacteria in human body (human microbiota) affect human health and diseases by controlling host functions through small molecule metabolites.An accurate and comprehensive catalog of the metabolic output from human microbiota is critical for our deep understanding of how microbial metabolism contributes to human health.The large number of published biomedical research articles is a rich resource of microbiome studies.However, automatically extracting microbial metabolites from free-text documents and differentiating them from other human metabolites is a challenging task.Here we developed an integrated approach called Co-occurrence Metabolite Network Ranking (CoMNRank) by combining named entity extraction, network construction and topic sensitive network-based prioritization to extract and prioritize microbial metabolites from biomedical articles. Methods The text data included 28,851,232 MEDLINE records.CoMNRank consists of three steps: (1) extraction of human metabolites from MEDLINE records; (2) construction of a weighted co-occurrence metabolite network (CoMN); (3) prioritization and differentiation of microbial metabolites from other human metabolites. Results For the first step of CoMNRank, we extracted 11,846 human metabolites from MEDLINE articles, with a baseline performance of precision of 0.014, recall of 0.959 and F1 of 0.028.We then constructed a weighted CoMN of 6,996 nodes and 986,186 edges.CoMNRank effectively prioritized microbial metabolites: the precision of top ranked metabolites is 0.45, a 31-fold enrichment as compared to the overall precision of 0.014.Manual curation of top 100 metabolites showed a true precision of 0.67, among which 48% true positives are not captured by existing databases. Conclusion Our study sets the foundation for future tasks of microbial entity and relationship extractions as well as data-driven studies of how microbial metabolism contributes to human health and diseases.
Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle Films Deposited from a Nonthermal Plasma: Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystallization.

Aluminum oxide, both in amorphous and crystalline forms, is a widely used inorganic ceramic material because of its chemical and structural properties. In this work, we synthesized amorphous alumin...
The role of goal adjustment during rehabilitation from stroke

We investigated motivational regulation involving adjustment of recovery goals in post-stroke rehabilitation via standard in-clinic physiotherapy and in-home telerehabilitation (TR). We used a secondary dataset collected at 11 US sites as part of a clinical trial using video games and game control pads designed to induce certain arm movements required for recovery (n = 124; Mage = 61.44, SD = 13.30). Participants were randomly assigned to either the TR or in-clinic condition and underwent 36 therapy sessions, reporting on their activity-inherent enjoyment for 6-8 weeks. Compared with the in-clinic patients and TR patients with high game performance, TR patients with lower game performance reported lower activity-inherent enjoyment, which is an important motivational resource for successful recovery. The results suggest that these differences occur because TR patients become discouraged by low game score feedback, which may have signaled a poor prospect for recovery. However, the results also suggest that low game performers who successfully adjusted their recovery goals were resilient to the impact of low game score feedback on their motivational resources and satisfaction with therapy. The findings suggest that goal adjustment may be particularly beneficial when patients are discouraged by feedback indicating suboptimal recovery prospects.
Sea-level rise, localized subsidence, and increased storminess promote saltmarsh transgression across low-gradient upland areas

Abstract Saltmarsh area is decreasing globally from natural and anthropogenic stressors. Accelerating relative sea-level rise (SLR) is projected to exacerbate losses if not offset by upland saltmarsh migration (transgression). In the absence of coastal upland development, saltmarsh transgression rates increase with accelerating SLR and lower upland surface gradients. Storm wind and surge stress coastal upland forests causing defoliation, uprooting, and soil salinization, which makes upland areas more habitable for saltmarsh species and can promote transgression. This study aims to elucidate the contribution of storms to saltmarsh transgression by reconstructing transgression rates over the past 600 years during stormy and non-stormy conditions and fast and slow SLR rates. Our reconstructions are based on the stratigraphic record and historical aerial photography at three sites in North Carolina, U.S.A. where low-gradient pocosin upland grades into expansive saltmarsh. When sea level was rising 100 years were an average of 2 and 10 times faster during a paleo-stormy period (1400–1675 CE) than a subsequent non-stormy period. After 1865 CE when SLR accelerated to 2.4 mm yr−1, transgression rates were an average of 7 times faster than the preceding slow SLR non-stormy period. The two sites where the historical record was not confounded by dredging show transgression was 7 times faster and saltmarsh areas increased an average of 28% during stormy decades than non-stormy decades; however, the rate of transgression only increased at the site with greatest surge during the stormy period characterized by strong northeast winds. Modeled transgression rates, using the paleo-upland slope and a sea level curve, do not match observed transgression rates for the paleo-stormy and rapid SLR periods. Furthermore, the thickness of saltmarsh peat younger than 1957 CE is greater than what would be predicted from independent records of SLR. Changes in the elevation of the upland surface, which is composed of peat, contributes to the disparity between predicted and observed transgression rates. The upland surface elevation can keep pace with some rates of SLR through vertical accretion; however, salinization and decomposition of upland vegetation from storm surge plus SLR decreases the elevation of the paleo-upland surface and increases accommodation and transgression rates. Along low-gradient coastlines with pocosin upland areas, SLR, subsidence, and storminess are coupled in modulating transgression rates and those processes need to be included in forecasts of saltmarsh response to climate change.
Photosensitizing Drug Reactions

Abstract Photosensitizing drug reactions are cutaneous eruptions that occur after exposure to ultraviolet radiation in patients using photosensitizing medications. The reactions can be broadly classified into phototoxic and photoallergic, with the former being much more common and well documented. There is an extensive list of photosensitizing medications, especially in the case of phototoxicity. The most common are amiodarone, chlorpromazine, doxycycline, hydrochlorothiazide, nalidixic acid, naproxen, piroxicam, tetracycline, thioridazine, vemurafenib, and voriconazole. Most of the medications implicated in photosensitivity share an action spectrum within the ultraviolet A range. Distinguishing between phototoxicity and photoallergy can be difficult, because some clinical overlap exists between the two disorders. It is often done based on pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. Management is similar for both types of reactions, with the gold standard being prevention. This review provides an overview of the photosensitizing drug reactions and highlights the similarities and differences between phototoxicity and photoallergy, as well as other photosensitizing drug reactions in the phototoxicity family including lichenoid reactions and pseudoporphyria.
Fast-Tracking Health Data Standards Development and Adoption in Real-World Settings: A Pilot Approach.

Background Pilot-testing is important in standards development because it facilitates agile navigation of the gap between needs for and use of standards in real-world settings and can reveal the practicalities of implementation. As the implementation and use of health data standards are usually more complicated than anticipated, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) routinely oversees and organizes relevant pilot projects. Objectives This article provides an in-depth look into a sample of ONC's standards-focused pilot projects to (1) inform readers of the complexities of developing, implementing, and advancing standards and (2) guide those seeking to evaluate new standards through pilot projects. Methods The ONC's approach to conducting pilot projects begins with identifying a clinical care need, research requirement, or policy outcome that is not well supported by existing standards through a landscape review. ONC then selects a testing approach based on the identified need and maturity of relevant standards. Next, ONC identifies use cases and sites to pilot-test the relevant standard. Once complete, ONC publishes a report that informs subsequent projects and standards development. Results Pilot projects presented here are organized into three categories related to their demonstrated focus and related approach: (1) improving standards for presenting and sharing clinical genetic data, (2) accelerating the development and implementation of new standards, and (3) facilitating clinical data reuse. Each project illustrates the pilot approach from inception to next steps, capturing the role of collaboration among standards development organizations, stakeholders, and end-users to ensure standards are practical and fit for purpose. Conclusion The ONC approach identifies implementation difficulties prior to broader adoption and use of standards, and provides insight into the steps needed to scale use of standards. The ONC's organization of pilot projects serves as a natural accelerator for building communities of practice, often providing a well-connected beneficiary of lessons learned.
Laser-Induced Cooperative Transition in Molecular Electronic Crystal.

The competing and non-equilibrium phase transitions, involving dynamic tunability of cooperative electronic and magnetic states in strongly correlated materials, show great promise in quantum sensing and information technology. To date, the stabilization of transient states is still in the preliminary stage, particularly with respect to molecular electronic solids. Here, a dynamic and cooperative phase in potassium-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (K-TCNQ) with the control of pulsed electromagnetic excitation is demonstrated. Simultaneous dynamic and coherent lattice perturbation with 8 ns pulsed laser (532 nm, 15 MW cm-2 , 10 Hz) in such a molecular electronic crystal initiates a stable long-lived (over 400 days) conducting paramagnetic state (≈42 Ωcm), showing the charge-spin bistability over a broad temperature range from 2 to 360 K. Comprehensive noise spectroscopy, in situ high-pressure measurements, electron spin resonance (ESR), theoretical model, and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) studies provide further evidence that such an transition is cooperative, requiring a dedicate charge-spin-lattice decoupling to activate and subsequently stabilize nonequilibrium phase. The cooperativity triggered by ultrahigh-strain-rate (above 106 s- 1 ) pulsed excitation offers a collective control toward the generation and stabilization of strongly correlated electronic and magnetic orders in molecular electronic solids and offers unique electro-magnetic phases with technological promises.
Taking the high ground: A model for lowland Maya settlement patterns

Abstract Settlement research in the Maya lowlands has struggled to reconcile its goals to model a tropical forest civilization in ecological terms with the logistical constraints imposed by the forest itself. In this paper, we argue that the methodological challenges facing settlement research in this tropical lowland setting limited researchers’ confidence in the representativeness of their data, nudging the discipline toward community-scale analysis and away from quantitative macro-scale settlement pattern research. As a result, many basic facts of human geography have remained unsettled. These challenges can now be overcome thanks to advances in remote sensing. Here, we use lidar-derived settlement and topographic data from the Corona-Achiotal region of northwestern Guatemala to develop a settlement suitability model that reveals patterns in the distribution of archaeological remains vis-a-vis landforms. Applying this model to a much larger published settlement dataset, we demonstrate how it is not only widely applicable in the interior Maya Lowlands, but also capable of identifying historical contingencies in the distribution of settlement, namely the crowding of less-suitable areas of the landscape, linked to urban densification.
Anaerobic Microbiology Laboratory Training and Writing Comprehension for Food Safety Education

Abstract Requirements for comprehensive food safety education continue to evolve as the issues associated with foodborne disease become more complicated. While advances in the latest scientific technologies have served as invaluable tools for food safety applications, a working knowledge of the more fundamental tenets of microbiology such as physiology, genetics, and physiology is still critically important. Developing an understanding of anaerobic microbiology techniques and principles in parallel with comprehensive writing exercises offers an opportunity to accomplish these objectives. This review will focus on those two aspects and potential contributions to integrative food microbiology training.
Managing Life Care Communities: New Integration of Skills for Hospitality Managers

Hospitality industry leaders such as Marriott and Hyatt have identified continuing care and life care communities as the premier growth segment of the 1990s. The management of these facilities integrates four types of enterprises: hotels, health care facilities, social clubs, and insurance underwriters. The specific management skills needed are influenced by the similar and disparate features of these enterprises. The purpose of the investigation was to identify the skills required to successfully manage these unique properties.
LAG-3 in Cancer Immunotherapy.

LAG-3 (CD223) is a cell surface molecule expressed on activated T cells (Huard et al. Immunogenetics 39:213–217, 1994), NK cells (Triebel et al. J Exp Med 171:1393–1405, 1990), B cells (Kisielow et al. Eur J Immunol 35:2081–2088, 2005), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (Workman et al. J Immunol 182:1885–1891, 2009) that plays an important but incompletely understood role in the function of these lymphocyte subsets. In addition, the interaction between LAG-3 and its major ligand, Class II MHC, is thought to play a role in modulating dendritic cell function (Andreae et al. J Immunol 168:3874–3880, 2002). Recent preclinical studies have documented a role for LAG-3 in CD8 T cell exhaustion (Blackburn et al. Nat Immunol 10:29–37, 2009), and blockade of the LAG-3/Class II interaction using a LAG-3 Ig fusion protein is being evaluated in a number of clinical trials in cancer patients. In this review, we will first discuss the basic structural and functional biology of LAG-3, followed by a review of preclinical and clinical data pertinent to a role for LAG-3 in cancer immunotherapy.
An examination of the auditability of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) ballots

With heightened concerns over the security of electronic voting machines, 37 states now require some form of voter verification mechanism that could then be used in a recount. This usually takes the form of a Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT). Unfortunately, little is known about the usability of VVPATs for recount purposes. The current study examines the speed and accuracy of hand recounts of VVPATs. Participants counted completed VVPAT ballots which were based on those actually in use in DREs today. Two races from of a spool of 120 ballots were manually counted, which includes separating ballots from the spool and removing rejected ballots. This task was time-consuming and prone to high error rates, with only 57.5% of participants' counts providing the correct election results. Furthermore, ballot rejection rate interacted with the closeness of the race being counted; high rejection rate paired with a small margin of victory resulted in a particularly high error rate. This experiment raises serious concerns about the viability of conducting manual recounts or audits using current VVPAT technology.
Performance implications of buyer-supplier relationships in industrial markets: A transaction cost explanation

Abstract Increasing international competition in a number of industries has required U.S. manufacturers to undertake strategic realignments of various kinds. One of the most noticeable changes has been in the purchasing area, where industrial buyers frequently have made deliberate efforts to establish stronger relationships with suppliers. Although recent research has generated considerable insight into the nature of such relationships, the existing literature is incomplete in several important respects. In particular, the performance implications of adopting particular forms of relationships are virtually undocumented in the extant literature. This article draws on transaction cost theory (TCA) to propose that: (1) crafting stronger relationships is partly a response to the presence of uncertainty and transaction-specific assets and (2) structuring relationships in accordance with TCA prescriptions should have positive performance implications. Regression analysis conducted in a sample of OEM-supplier relationships shows good support for our hypotheses.
Think Small If You Want to Create More Jobs

The creation of new jobs is critical in an election year. If Americans vote with their wallets, the employment issue will decide the outcome.