cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inclusion for Students With Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Classroom Teachers Talk About Practice

The authors aimed to investigate the perceptions and experiences of regular education classroom teachers whose students included at least 1 child diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum (FAS) disorders. The authors collected data over a 3-year period in 3 school districts in the Pacific Northwest. Data included interviews with classroom teachers, notes from classroom observations, and medical and educational documents. The authors studied FAS inclusion, including descriptions of academic performance, behavioral patterns, and articulation of the strategies that classroom teachers used. The authors also identified problems associated with FAS inclusion in hopes that an increased understanding of these issues results in the improvement of educational experiences for other students with FAS and their teachers.
CRYSTALLIZATION OF BIREFRINGENT, PSEUDOCUBIC HORSE APOFERRITIN WITH CAESIUM CHLORIDE.

As is well known, ferritin, and its protein moiety, apoferritin, can be readily crystallized in aqueous solutions of cadmium sulphate to yield isotropic (cubic) crystals, most commonly octahedra1. Platy orthorhombic horse ferritin has been described by Harrison2, the material having been crystallized originally with cadmium sulphate. A corresponding orthorhombic form, of horse apoferritin hadnot been found. I wish to report that an anisotropic, pseudocubic form of horse apoferritin can be regularly produced by means of concentrated solutions of caesium chloride.
Dispersion relations for nucleon-nucleon scattering

Abstract Dispersion relations for nucleon-nucleon scattering are presented. The general case of nonforward scattering is treated, although the majority of the discussion is confined to the limiting cases of forward scattering and the non-relativistic approximation. It is shown that in the relativistic case the dispersion relations for nucleon-nucleon scattering necessarily involve the nucleon-antinucleon amplitude. Some qualitative conclusions are drawn about the differences between the nucleon-nucleon and nucleon-antinucleon interactions. The concept of a potential in quantum field theory is discussed briefly.
Clinical tolerance following liver transplantation: Long term results and future prospects

The ongoing quest of achieving clinical transplantation tolerance has been fueled, in large part, by the success of solid organ transplantation. Long term morbidity following transplantation now is primarily related to complications of immunosuppression (IS) such as malignancy, drug toxicity, or infection. This report provides long term follow-up on a large cohort of operationally tolerant patients, provides clinical guidelines to be considered in IS withdrawal, and identifies future prospects for achieving consistent clinical tolerance following liver transplantation (LT).
Problems and prospects for laser treatment of coronary atherosclerosis

An analysis of the technical problems involved indicates that the use of lasers in the vascular system remains a complex problem, but one that is eminently approachable with continued research. The emphasis should be on continued basic research rather than on the accumulation of large clinical experiences with less than adequate technology. There is great potential for the development of a percutaneous treatment for coronary artery disease that may reduce restenosis rates compared to those seen with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty. Development of an effective percutaneous treatment of coronary artery disease with long term durability is critical to the advancement of interventional cardiology.
Natural frequencies and modes of hanging nets or curtains

Natural frequencies and modes are obtained for a rectangular hanging net or curtain whose horizontal fibers or cables are under uniform tension and whose vertical fibers or cables are acted on by a non-uniform tension produced by gravity. Mass and tension are averaged, thereby converting a net into an orthotropic membrane of equivalent mass and tension distribution. A closed form analytical solution of this approximate mathematical model is given. To verify the solution and to explore its limitation, the hanging net is also solved by a finite element schema, and the additional case of a net stretched uniformly over a rigid frame is treated.
FRACTIONATION OF SALINE EXTRACTS OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY TISSUE1

ACONSIDERATION of the literature (1)3 dealing with the extraction and purifica-tion of the hormones of the anterior pituitary makes it evident that active -ATJLL preparations of the growth, adrenotropic, thyrotropic, gonadotropic and lactogenic factors have been obtained. Moreover, some degree of purification of each of these protein hormones has been accomplished by the removal of other proteins. In addition to the above'inentioned hormonal factors, preparations of one or more of the various metabolic hormones of the anterior pituitary have also been described. The methods employed for the preparation of these hormones and the properties of the products obtained indicate that these substances are proteins or proteu'like in composition. The hormones may be extracted from the gland by aqueous, acid, or alkaline solutions.They may be precipitated by alterations in hydrogen ion concen-tration, by organic solvents or by inorganic salts.
WE-E-BRA-02: Optimization of Functional MRI Techniques for Assessment of Tumor and Normal Tissue Response to RT.

The advantages of physiological and functional MRI for radiation treatment assessment of tumor response and normal tissue damage for adaptive RT as well as for boost target definition are well recognized. However, several limitations of functional MRI have hindered its wide application in radiation therapy, including concerns about optimal pulse sequence parameters, high resolution volumetric acquisition, acquisition speed, motion‐sensitivity, reproducibility, and image processing. Many of these shortcomings have been overcome or will be overcome by standardization of image acquisition and quantification. It is also important to understand sensitivity and specificity of these imaging techniques for particular clinical questions. This lecture will provide an overview on these techniques and issues. Examples of applying these techniques to liver and prostate will be given. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand new MRI technologies that are relevant to radiation treatment assessment; 2. Understand the influence of imaging parameters on image quality and contrast; 3. Understand image processing techniques for derived quantitative parameters; 4. Understand clinical applications and limitations. Author's work is supported in part by NIH P01 CA59827, NCI RO1 CA132834, and RO1 NS064973. 3959
Interferon-alpha 2b and vesnarinone influence levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, apoptosis, or interleukin 6 in eskol, a hairy cell leukemic cell line. A potential cytokine and oncogene relationship regulating apoptosis is suggested

Abstract The in vitro effects of interferon-α (IFN) on levels of secreted interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and nuclear matrix proteins (NMP) were examined in ESKOL, a B-lymphoblastoid cell line resembling hairy cell leukemia (HCL). IFN enhances differentiation in ESKOL, decreases TNFα levels, decreases apoptosis, increases IL-6 levels, and down regulates the expression of several oncogenes. Vesnarinone (Ves), a TNFα repressor, lowers TNF-α and decreases apoptosis in the same cell line. ESKOL exhibits enhanced apoptosis and reduced B-cell lymphomas (Bcl-2) levels over WIL-2. IL-6 and TNFα have been shown to decrease and increase apoptosis in B-cells respectively; however, treatment of ESKOL with these cytokines had no significant effect on apoptosis. We suggest that IFN decreases apoptosis by mechanisms involving enhanced IL-6 and Bcl-2 levels, decreased TNFα and the down regulation of apoptotic oncogenes, including c-myc.
The Relationship Between the Social Environment of Organizations and the Climate for Innovation and Creativity

Relationships were examined among the social environment of organizations, employee satisfaction (both job-related and personal), and perceptions of a creative work environment. The subject organization was a manufacturing facility in the United States which produced parts used in automobile production and operating in a dynamic market economy. Creativity was desired and verbally encouraged, but no attention was given to organization development, nor were there any intervention efforts designed to promote a creative environment. Results from environmental and climate inventories indicate that there are significant linkages between the social environment of the organization and satisfaction with the organization and personal lives, and the potential for innovation. Pride in the work, freedom, and other personal variables were also found to be related to an innovative climate.
Quartz Channel Fabrication for Electrokinetically Driven Separations

For well resolved electrokinetic separation, we L tilize crystalline quartz to micromachine a uniformly packe Q&iKLmnel. Packing features are posts 5 Vm on a side with:} pm spacing and etched 42 Vm deep. In addition to anisotropic wet etch characteristics for micromachining, quartz propmties are compatible with chemical soiutioits, ekctrokinetic high voltage operation, and stationary phase film depositions. To seal these channels, we employ a room temperature silicon-oxynhride deposition to forma membrane, that is subsequently coated for mechanical stability. Using this technique, particulate issues and global warp, that make large area wafer bon ding methods difficult, are avoided, and a room temperature process, in contrast to high temperature bonding techniques, accommodate preprocessing of metal films for electrical interconnect. After sealing channels, a number of macro-assembly steps are required to attach a micro-optical detection system and fluid interconnects. Keywords: microcharmel, integrated channel, micromachined channel, packed channel, electrokinetic channel, eleetrophoretic channel
Hole concentration dependence of the magnetic moment in superconducting and insulating La 2 − x Sr x CuO 4

Recent neutron-scattering measurements on the ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ system have revealed a drastic change of the incommensurate static-spin correlations from diagonal in the insulating region to parallel in the superconducting region. We report the doping dependence of the ordered magnetic moment for the hole concentration region $0.03l~xl~0.12,$ focusing on the relationship between the static magnetism and the superconductivity. The elastic magnetic cross-section decreases monotonically with increasing x for $0.03l~xl~0.07.$ We find that the ordered magnetic moment $\ensuremath{\mu}$ varies from $\ensuremath{\sim}0.18{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/\mathrm{Cu}(x=0.03)$ to $\ensuremath{\sim}0.06{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/\mathrm{Cu}(x=0.07).$ No significant anomaly is observed at the insulator-superconductor boundary $(x\ensuremath{\sim}0.055).$ The elastic magnetic cross-section is enhanced in the vicinity of $x=0.12$ where resolution-limited width peaks are observed in neutron-scattering measurements and where the apparent magnetic and superconducting transitions coincide.
Popularity of suture materials among residents and faculty members of a postdoctoral periodontology program.

Aim The aim of the present study was to determine the favoritism of suture materials among a group of clinicians at a teaching institution. Methods The surveys included 11 absorbable and nine non-absorbable sutures. The surveyor was asked to select his or her suture preferences when it comes to using it in 13 different, commonly-performed surgical procedures. Results The surveys showed overall preferences for non-absorbable versus absorbable sutures. Chromic Gut with a 4–0 diameter thread reverse cutting FS2 needle was the most favored suture. For periodontal bone grafts and hard tissue ridge augmentation, polytetrafluoroethylene with a 4–0 thread and FS2 needle was preferred. For autogenous gingival grafts, gingival allografts, connective tissue grafts, frenectomy and frenoplasty, Chromic Gut with 5–0 diameter thread reverse cutting P3 needle was favored. For extraction socket preservation, soft tissue canine exposure, ridge augmentation, and dental implants, Chromic Gut with 4–0 diameter thread reverse cutting FS2 needle was preferred, and for sinus augmentation, Vicryl with a 4–0 diameter thread reverse cutting FS2 needle was favored. Conclusion Absorbable sutures were preferred in the majority of periodontal procedures; however, non-absorbable sutures were favored in procedures that required longer healing or better stability of the flap edges in cases of periodontal and ridge augmentation.
The representation of object viewpoint in human visual cortex

Abstract Understanding the nature of object representations in the human brain is critical for understanding the neural basis of invariant object recognition. However, the degree to which object representations are sensitive to object viewpoint is unknown. Using fMRI we employed a parametric approach to examine the sensitivity to object view as a function of rotation (0°–180°), category (animal/vehicle) and fMRI-adaptation paradigm (short or long-lagged). For both categories and fMRI-adaptation paradigms, object-selective regions recovered from adaptation when a rotated view of an object was shown after adaptation to a specific view of that object, suggesting that representations are sensitive to object rotation. However, we found evidence for differential representations across categories and ventral stream regions. Rotation cross-adaptation was larger for animals than vehicles, suggesting higher sensitivity to vehicle than animal rotation, and was largest in the left fusiform/occipito-temporal sulcus (pFUS/OTS), suggesting that this region has low sensitivity to rotation. Moreover, right pFUS/OTS and FFA responded more strongly to front than back views of animals (without adaptation) and rotation cross-adaptation depended both on the level of rotation and the adapting view. This result suggests a prevalence of neurons that prefer frontal views of animals in fusiform regions. Using a computational model of view-tuned neurons, we demonstrate that differential neural view tuning widths and relative distributions of neural-tuned populations in fMRI voxels can explain the fMRI results. Overall, our findings underscore the utility of parametric approaches for studying the neural basis of object invariance and suggest that there is no complete invariance to object view in the human ventral stream.
Quantitative soft-tissue characterization in human organs using texture/attenuation models

Summary form only given. Soft tissues in human organs (such as the liver and the prostate) have been characterized using ultrasound data. Using a combination of texture/attention modeling of RF data (obtained from an ultrasound scanner equipped with a quadrature detector), an approach to quantifying the different pathologies of the human tissue has been developed. The model is derived from the physics of the tissue-ultrasound interactions. It is based on modeling the homogeneous speckle field produced by soft-tissue scattering by a complex, circularly symmetric Gaussian Markov random field (CGMRF). In contrast to all prior attempts to quantify the speckle field, which were limited to the use of partial information such as first-order statistics, or the second-order statistics, and autocorrelation function, the CGMRF completely characterizes the speckle field. >
Finding Time Series Motifs in Disk-Resident Data

Time series motifs are sets of very similar subsequences of a long time series. They are of interest in their own right, and are also used as inputs in several higher-level data mining algorithms including classification, clustering, rule-discovery and summarization. In spite of extensive research in recent years, finding exact time series motifs in massive databases is an open problem. Previous efforts either found approximate motifs or considered relatively small datasets residing in main memory. In this work, we describe for the first time a disk-aware algorithm to find exact time series motifs in multi-gigabyte databases which contain on the order of tens of millions of time series. We have evaluated our algorithm on datasets from diverse areas including medicine, anthropology, computer networking and image processing and show that we can find interesting and meaningful motifs in datasets that are many orders of magnitude larger than anything considered before.
Review and Clinical Update on Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Liver Disease

Parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease (PNALD) is a complex disease that is diagnosed by clinical presentation, biochemical markers of liver injury, concurrent use of parenteral nutrition (PN), and negative workup for other causes of liver disease. Since the first case of PNALD was reported more than 30 years ago, clinicians have had few effective treatments for PNALD, and when disease progressed to liver cirrhosis, it was historically associated with poor outcomes. Within the past 5 years, there has been much excitement about new treatments for PNALD, including use of both parenteral and enteral ω-3 polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) as well as restricting dosing of ω-6 PUFA. Scientists are also interested in uncovering the mechanisms associated with liver injury seen in PNALD. This article reviews the recent literature relating to the pathophysiology and treatment of PNALD.
Partial implementation of the fixation method on real images: direct recovery of motion and shape in the general case

A direct method called fixation is introduced for solving the general motion vision problem, arbitrary motion relative to an arbitrary rigid scene. This method results in a linear constraint equation which explicitly expresses rotational velocity in terms of translational velocity. By combining this constraint equation with the brightness-change constraint equation, general solutions are found for translational and rotational velocities, and the shape. Avoiding correspondence and optical flow has been the motivation behind this direct method, which uses the brightness gradients directly. Partial implementation of the fixation method on real images has shown encouraging results which support some of the presented algorithms. >
Spatial distribution, seasonality and trap preference of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), adults on a 12-hectare zoological park

Although this study was originally designed to compare the efficacy of two different stable fly traps within 10 sites at a 12-ha zoological park, seasonal and spatial population distribution data were simultaneously collected. The two traps included an Alsynite fiberglass cylindrical trap (AFT) and a blue-black cloth target modified into a cylindrical trap (BCT). Both traps were covered with sticky sleeves to retain the attracted flies. Paired trap types were placed at sites that were 20–100 m apart. Distance between trap pairs within sites ranged from 1 to 2 m, and was limited by exhibit design and geography. Both trap types reflect/refract ultraviolet (UV) light which attracts adult S. calcitrans. During this 15-week study, AFTs captured significantly more stable flies than the BCTs at 8 of the 10 sites. Of the 12,557 stable flies found on the traps, 80% and 20% were captured by AFTs and BCTs, respectively. The most attractive trap site at the zoo was at the goat exhibit where most stable flies were consistently captured throughout the study. This exhibit was 100 m from the other exhibits, next to a small lake, and adjacent to a field containing pastured exotic ungulates, rhea and ostrich. Stable fly populations peaked in early June then slowly decreased as the last trapping date approached. We believe this to be the first seasonality data collected at a zoological park. Results demonstrate the use of urban zoos by stable flies and the need to develop environmentally friendly stable fly management systems for zoos. Zoo Biol. 33:228–233, 2014. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Phenylketonuria Testing - Its Role in Pediatrics and Public Health

(1971). Phenylketonuria Testing - Its Role in Pediatrics and Public Health. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 45-101.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE STRATEGY FOR MINIMIZING ROUGHNESS-RELATED PAVEMENT DAMAGE

The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) uses several measures of pavement performance in managing its pavement network, including the distress index (DI) and the ride quality index (RQI). Currently, decisions on when and where to take rehabilitation or preventive maintenance action are mainly based on the DI. The RQI is used only in a passive or reactive fashion: When DI reaches the threshold for poor ride quality, a decision to rehabilitate the road is made. MDOT is currently funding a research study to develop RQI thresholds for each pavement type (rigid, flexible, or composite) aimed at retarding pavement damage caused by roughness-generated, dynamic (impact) loading. These thresholds correspond to the RQI value at which pavement damage is accelerated by high dynamic loads. Given these new RQI thresholds, extending the service life of the pavement by taking preventive maintenance action in the form of smoothing of the pavement surface (by way of milling, grinding, or adding a thin overlay) bec...
Culture in the Mediation of International Disputes

Unlike most treatments of culturein internationaldiplomacy, this articlesuggests that culturecan play a positiverole in the mediation of international disputes. Cultural ties between the mediator and one or both of the disputants can facilitate mediation by, among other things, enhancing the mediator’s acceptability to the parties, and enhancingthe belief that the mediator can deliver concessionsand agreements. Moreover, a mediator who is closer to one side than the other can be effective in mediation, especially when the mediator acts in an even-handed manner. Data from laboratory research on mediation, as well as anecdotal evidence, support this view.
On Some Degenerate Deformations of Commutative Polynomial Algebras

This paper gives a classification of the prime ideals, primitive ideals, and irreducible representations of where K is an algebraically closed field, n ≥ 3, and β ij ∊ K. The classification of the prime ideals of S proves that, under the Zariski topology, the topological dimension of spec S is no greater than the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of S. Included is an appendix by A. Berliner, in which it is shown that the finite dimensional irreducible representations are all one-dimensional.
The FACT Histone Chaperone Guides Histone H4 Into Its Nucleosomal Conformation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The pob3-Q308K mutation alters the small subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone/nucleosome chaperone Facilitates Chromatin Transactions (FACT), causing defects in both transcription and DNA replication. We describe histone mutations that suppress some of these defects, providing new insight into the mechanism of FACT activity in vivo. FACT is primarily known for its ability to promote reorganization of nucleosomes into a more open form, but neither the pob3-Q308K mutation nor the compensating histone mutations affect this activity. Instead, purified mutant FACT complexes fail to release from nucleosomes efficiently, and the histone mutations correct this flaw. We confirm that pob3-T252E also suppresses pob3-Q308K and show that combining two suppressor mutations can be detrimental, further demonstrating the importance of balance between association and dissociation for efficient FACT:nucleosome interactions. To explain our results, we propose that histone H4 can adopt multiple conformations, most of which are incompatible with nucleosome assembly. FACT guides H4 to adopt appropriate conformations, and this activity can be enhanced or diminished by mutations in Pob3 or histones. FACT can therefore destabilize nucleosomes by favoring the reorganized state, but it can also promote assembly by tethering histones and DNA together and maintaining them in conformations that promote canonical nucleosome formation.
Governance, Innovation, and Information and Communications Technology for Civil-Military Interactions

Civilian and military participants in relief and stability operations rely upon Information and Communications Technology (ICT) to collect, analyze, store, display, and share information that is critical for these civil-military interactions. This article investigates ICT innovation in these operations over time. As researchers in the sociology of technology school might predict, ICT innovation for relief and stability operations emerges in a distributed fashion, within clusters of specialty expertise that migrate across interconnected technology systems and across humanitarian and military activities. Major events such as natural disasters have punctuated the development of ICT for civil-military interactions, often driving community learning and coherence. Among the many stakeholders in the United States, the federal government in particular has played an important role in shaping the ICT ecosystem through policies and engagements. Government policies and changes in the field of action in the 1990s created imperatives for the US military in particular to collaborate with civilian agencies on ICT innovation. Civil-military information sharing gaps persist today due, in part, to institutional factors.
Biologically derived models of the sunfish for experimental investigations of multi-fin swimming

The remarkable swimming abilities of bony fish are the result of multiple interacting subsystems, each tuned to perform certain roles. These subsystems, which include the statically unstable body, multiple highly actuated fins, oscillatory neural controllers, and distributed senses, are not often studied as mutually dependent systems. This research program is developing biorobotic models of these systems and integrating the systems into a biorobotic fish so that interdependencies can be explored during free swimming. The robot body was derived from a bluegill sunfish, and has a tunable mass distribution and a mixture of rigid and flexible sections so that dynamical characteristics of the fish body can be explored. Five highly deformable fins have structural properties scaled to those of biological fins and can create gait patterns for steady swimming and maneuvers. A first generation artificial CPG has been programmed for each fin on a network of five low power microcontrollers. Finally, a dedicated biorobotic pectoral fin has been developed and instrumented with distributed sensory systems so relevant physical (e.g., fin curvature) and hydrodynamic (e.g., pressure) data can be identified and used to predict fin force for closed loop control.
Overexpression of Sulf2 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Previously, we have shown that heparan sulfate (HS) 6-O-endosulfatase 1 (Sulf1) is a transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-responsive gene in normal human lung fibroblasts and functions as a negative feedback regulator of TGF-β1 and that TGF-β1 induces the expression of Sulf1 as well as that of the closely related Sulf2 in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we focused on the role of Sulf2 in modulating TGF-β1 function and the development of pulmonary fibrosis. We found that Sulf2 mRNA was overexpressed in lung samples from human patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and Sulf2 protein was specifically localized to the hyperplastic type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). In vitro, TGF-β1 induced the expression of Sulf2 with accompanied HS 6-O-desulfation in A549 cells, adenocarcinoma cells derived from the type II alveolar epithelium. Using small interference RNA to block Sulf2 expression, we observed a biphasic TGF-β1 response with early enhanced Smad activation, but eventually reduced TGF-β1 target gene expression in Sulf2 knockdown A549 cells compared with the control cells. To study the role of Sulf2 in normal type II AECs, we isolated primary type II cells from wild-type and Sulf2 knockout mice. We observed enhanced Smad activation as well as enhanced TGF-β1 target gene expression in Sulf2 knockout type II AECs compared with wild-type type II AECs. In conclusion, Sulf2 is overexpressed in IPF and may play a role in regulating TGF-β1 signaling in type II AECs.
CD4+ T Lymphocytes from Anaplasma marginale Major Surface Protein 2 (MSP2) Vaccinees Recognize Naturally Processed Epitopes Conserved in MSP3

Major surface protein 2 (MSP2) and MSP3 of the persistent bovine ehrlichial pathogen Anaplasma marginale are immunodominant proteins that undergo antigenic variation. The recently completed sequence of MSP3 revealed blocks of amino acids in the N and C termini that are conserved with MSP2. This study tested the hypothesis that CD4+ T cells specific for MSP2 recognize naturally processed epitopes conserved in MSP3. At least one epitope in the N terminus and two in the C terminus of MSP2 were also processed from MSP3 and presented to CD4+ T lymphocytes from MSP2-immunized cattle. This T-lymphocyte response to conserved and partially conserved epitopes may contribute to the immunodominance of MSP2 and MSP3.
Tissue Doppler Imaging Measures Correlate Poorly with Left Ventricular Filling Pressures in Pediatric Cardiomyopathy

Setting In adults with cardiomyopathy, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) has been shown to correlate with left ventricular filling pressures (LVFPs) and has been advocated as a surrogate to catheterization. However, this has not been validated in children. Design This is a retrospective review of children ≤18 years old with dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy who underwent cardiac catheterization within 3 months of an echocardiogram. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess a correlation between LVFP and mitral inflow E/A ratio, lateral mitral E/E′, and septal E/E′. Results Thirty-eight patients were included in the study; median age was 8.6 years old. The median LVFP was 19 mm Hg, median mean pulmonary artery pressure was 25 mm Hg, and median pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRi) was 2.4 Wu. There was no significant correlation between LVFP or PVRi with lateral mitral E/E′ or septal E/E′. There was a positive correlation between LVFP and mitral inflow E/A ratio (rs = 0.59, P < .01). In a subgroup analysis of patients with hypertrophic or restrictive cardiomyopathy, there was a negative correlation (rs = 0.56, P = .02) between the mean pulmonary artery pressure and septal A′. Conclusions TDI measures of diastolic function are not reliable surrogates for LVFP, mean pulmonary artery pressures, and PVRi at catheterization in children.
Overexpression of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase or Inhibition of Sphingosine Kinase in Dictyostelium discoideum Results in a Selective Increase in Sensitivity to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Drugs

The efficacy of the chemotherapy drug cisplatin is often limited due to resistance of the tumors to the drug, and increasing the potency of cisplatin without increasing its concentration could prove beneficial. A previously characterized Dictyostelium discoideum mutant with increased resistance to cisplatin was defective in the gene encoding sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P) lyase, which catalyzes the breakdown of S-1-P, an important regulatory molecule in cell function and development and in the regulation of cell fate. We hypothesized that the increased resistance to cisplatin was due to an elevation of S-1-P and predicted that lowering levels of S-1-P should increase sensitivity to the drug. We generated three strains that stably overexpress different levels of the S-1-P lyase. The overexpressor strains have reduced growth rate and, confirming the hypothesis, showed an expression-dependent increase in sensitivity to cisplatin. Consistently, treating the cells with d-erythro-N,N,-dimethylsphingosine, a known inhibitor of sphingosine kinase, increased the sensitivity of mutant and parent cells to cisplatin, while addition of exogenous S-1-P or 8-Br-cyclic AMP made the cells more resistant to cisplatin. The increased sensitivity of the overexpressors to cisplatin was also observed with the cisplatin analog carboplatin. In contrast, the response to doxorubicin, 5-flurouracil, or etoposide was unaffected, indicating that the involvement of the sphingolipid metabolic pathway in modulating the response to cisplatin is not part of a global genotoxic stress response. The augmented sensitivity to cisplatin appears to be the result of an intracellular signaling function of S-1-P, because D. discoideum does not appear to have endothelial differentiation growth (EDG/S1P) receptors. Overall, the results show that modulation of the sphingolipid pathway at multiple points can result in increased sensitivity to cisplatin and has the potential for increasing the clinical usefulness of this important drug.
Large-area, high-speed PIN detectors in GaAs

A large-area, lateral PIN detector which exhibits an 8 GHz bandwidth is reported. This device topology is ideally suited for monolithic integration with IC components.
Development of test facility for compatibility and performance testing of all-digital protection systems connected to IEC 61850-9-2 standard

The development of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) have increased the use of digital protection systems, in which the digitized signals replaced the usage of conventional analog signals. The digitized signals are generated at electronic instrument transformers and they are transferred to protection systems over a process bus based on IEC 61850-9-2 standard. This transferring process between electronic instrument transformers and protection systems requires a detailed performance evaluation, analysis, and compatibility of the two different systems, since various vendors' instrument transformers and relays are aimed to be connected. This paper presents a developed test facility for all-digital protection system performance evaluations. Typical power system faults are regenerated with the facility and the performance of the digital systems are investigated. The compatibility of an optical current transformer and a digital relay is analyzed. Digital relay's inverse time delay characteristics are obtained. Results show that all-digital systems provided by different manufacturers can work together and are suitable to protect power systems where protection is needed.
Landscape based assessment of human disturbance for Michigan lakes

Assessment of lake impairment status and identification of threats’ type and source is essential for protection of intact, enhancement of modified, and restoration of impaired lakes. For regions in which large numbers of lakes occur, such assessment has usually been done for only small fractions of lakes due to resource and time limitation. This study describes a process for assessing lake impairment status and identifying which human disturbances have the greatest impact on each lake for all lakes that are 2 ha or larger in the state of Michigan using readily available, georeferenced natural and human disturbance databases. In-lake indicators of impairment are available for only a small subset of lakes in Michigan. Using statistical relationships between the in-lake indicators and landscape natural and human-induced measures from the subset lakes, we assessed the likely human impairment condition of lakes for which in-lake indicator data were unavailable using landscape natural and human disturbance measures. Approximately 92% of lakes in Michigan were identified as being least to marginally impacted and about 8% were moderately to heavily impacted by landscape human disturbances. Among lakes that were heavily impacted, more inline lakes (92%) were impacted by human disturbances than disconnected (6%) or headwater lakes (2%). More small lakes were impacted than medium to large lakes. For inline lakes, 90% of the heavily impacted lakes were less than 40 ha, 10% were between 40 and 405 ha, and 1% was greater than 405 ha. For disconnected and headwater lakes, all of the heavily impacted lakes were less than 40 ha. Among the anthropogenic disturbances that contributed the most to lake disturbance index scores, nutrient yields and farm animal density affected the highest number of lakes, agricultural land use affected a moderate number of lakes, and point-source pollution and road measures affected least number of lakes. Our process for assessing lake condition represents a significant advantage over other routinely used methods. It permits the evaluation of lake condition across large regions and yields an overall disturbance index that is a physicochemical and biological indicator weighted sum of multiple disturbance factors. The robustness of our approach can be improved with increased availability of high-resolution disturbance datasets.
Self-explaining effect in general chemistry instruction: eliciting overt categorical behaviours by design

Self-explaining refers to the generation of inferences about causal connections between objects and events. In science, this may be summarised as making sense of how and why actual or hypothetical phenomena take place. Research findings in educational psychology show that implementing activities that elicit self-explaining improves learning in general and specifically enhances authentic learning in the sciences. Research also suggests that self-explaining influences many aspects of cognition, including acquisition of problem-solving skills and conceptual understanding. Although the evidence that links self-explaining and learning is substantial, most of the research has been conducted in experimental settings. There remains a need for research conducted in the context of real college science learning environments. Working to address that need, the larger project in which this work is embedded studied the following: (a) the effect of different self-explaining tasks on self-explaining behaviour and (b) the effect of engaging in different levels of self-explaining on learning chemistry concepts. The present study used a multi-condition, mixed-method approach to categorise student self-explaining behaviours in response to learning tasks. Students were randomly assigned to conditions that included the following: explaining correct and incorrect answers, explaining agreement with another's answer, and explaining one's own answer for others to use. Textual, individual data was gathered in the classroom ecology of a university, large-enrolment general chemistry course. Findings support an association between the self-explaining tasks and students' self-explaining behaviours. Thoughtful design of learning tasks can effectively elicit engagement in sophisticated self-explaining in natural, large-enrolment college chemistry classroom environments.
Extraction of left-ventricular chamber from 3-D CT images of the heart

A semiautomatic method is described for extracting the volume and shape of the left ventricular (LV) chamber from a dynamic spatial reconstructor cardiac volume. For a given volume, the operator first performs some simple manual edits. Then, an automated stage, which incorporates concepts from 3-D mathematical morphology and technology, the maximum-homogeneity filter, and an adaptive 3-D thresholder, extracts the LV chamber. The method gives more consistent measurements and demands considerably less operator time than manual slice-editing. >
Let’s Meet in Nepantla: The Possibility of Thirdspace as a Place “Others” Call Home

This autoethnography posits that my presence as a working-class Chicana obtaining an education in the United States consequently created a Thirdspace environment I recognize as Nepantla. Thirdspace allowed me to navigate urban schooling and elite institutions of higher education. Two narratives demonstrate opposing forms of acquired dominant and nondominant forms of cultural capital to interrogate the value of Thirdspace when considering unique knowledge generated by an insider along the margins. This article articulates that strategic construction of bridges into Nepantla may assist Latino students to successfully navigate the schooling experience and offer the potential to reframe educational discourse.
The Complex Envelope of a Bandlimited OFDM Signal Converges Weakly to a Gaussian Random Process

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems have been used extensively in wireless communications applications in recent years; thus, there is significant interest in analyzing the properties of the transmitted signal in such systems. In particular, a large amount of recent work has focused on analyzing the variation of the complex envelope of the transmitted signal and on designing methods to minimize this variation. In this paper, it is established that the complex envelope of a bandlimited uncoded OFDM signal converges weakly to a Gaussian random process as the number of subcarriers goes to infinity. This establishes that the properties of the OFDM signal will asymptotically approach those of a Gaussian random process over any finite time interval. The symbol length in a bandlimited OFDM system will eventually exceed any finite time interval as the number of subcarriers approaches infinity; however, practical interest is in how asymptotic approximations apply for a finite number of carriers, and, hence, the convergence proof is reasonable motivation for considering how the extremal value theory of Gaussian random processes might provide accurate approximations for the distribution of the peak-to-mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR) of practical OFDM systems. Indeed, numerical results are presented that indicate that the resulting simple expressions are accurate for a wide range of the distribution for moderate numbers of subcarriers. The important extensions of the analytical and numerical results to coded OFDM systems, as well as systems with unequal power allocation across subcarriers, are also presented.
The rapid Spread of an European Staphylinid in North America (Coleóptera, Staphylinidae).

Philonthus cruentatus (Gmel.) was first reported in North America by Notman in 1924 from New York State and at the present time is known to occur in the east and middle west in most of the states north of Tennessee and westward into California. However, our last collections in the south were made in 1927 and it is possible that the species now ranges farther south. By its rapid distribution and abundance in many localities, it would seem that this will become one of our most common species of staphylinids.
A Theory of Intraorganization Communication

With the advent of new information processing systems, managers are faced with decisions which must be made immediately. These managers most often are faced with problems of identifying those communications within the organization that take precedence in their decision-making activities. Because of the ever-expanding need for effective communications within organizations, management cannot afford to ignore the need for developing some classification system to distinguish between types of communications used by firms.This article outlines a system of classifying communications whereby such factors as retention time of the material, value of the communication, and distribution policy within the organization are discussed. Communications are received by management. They are properly classified by the appropriate color code to allow management to know which is most important and needs a more immediate response. With the implementation of the system, management should begin to realize a savings in time and cos...
Structural Organization of Early Gels and Precipitates of Chemically Bonded Ceramics

Ceramic precursor materials in the silica-alumina-phosphous pentoxide system can be retained as solutions under suitably high or low pH conditions. Molecular species in these solutions have been characterized by their sharp, well-defined Raman spectra. Changes in pH or reduced water activity by addition of miscible organic solvents takes the system across sharp precipitation boundaries. Precipitates can take the form of colloidal gels, polymerized gels, or crystallites depending on chemical composition and rate of precipitation. Raman spectra of precipitates immersed in their parent solutions have much less structure and broader bands. Information of the structural characteristics of the precipitates are deduced from band widths and the amount of fine structures related to the coherence length for Raman scattering. Phosphate-rich compositions tend to be more highly ordered with more detailed spectra than the silicate rich compositions.
Archaeological Survey of Memorial Park, Leona River Project, Uvalde County, Texas

During April 1990, the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, under contract with the City of Uvalde, Texas, conducted a 100% pedestrian archaeological survey at the Uvalde Memorial Park. The area is located adjacent to the Leona River between East Nopal Street and the city golf course. U.S. Highway 90 West runs through the survey area. In the Memorial Park area south of Highway 90, no cultural materials were observed on the surface. The survey area along the banks of the Leona River north of Highway 90 yielded a thin lithic scatter of prehistoric material. Shovel tests in the area failed to produce any significant subsurface cultural material. The cultural resources found within the survey area are determined not to be significant, and therefore not eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places or to be listed as a State Archeological Landmark. We recommend that no further work is needed. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACf i LIST OF FIGURES ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii INTRODUCfION 1 METHODOLOGY 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 3 HISTORICAL SETTLEMENT 3 SURVEY RESULTS 4 Southern Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .4 Northern Section 4 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5 REFERENCES CITED 5
Open framework metal chalcogenides as efficient photocatalysts for reduction of CO2 into renewable hydrocarbon fuel

Open framework metal chalcogenides are a family of porous semiconducting materials with diverse chemical compositions. Here we show that these materials containing covalent three-dimensional superlattices of nanosized supertetrahedral clusters can function as efficient photocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CH4. Unlike dense semiconductors, metal cations are successfully incorporated into the channels of the porous semiconducting materials to further tune the physical properties of the materials such as electrical conductivity and band gaps. In terms of the photocatalytic properties, the metal-incorporated porous chalcogenides demonstrated enhanced solar energy absorption and higher electrical conductivity and improved photocatalytic activity.
HLA-DP Region Complexity by CDC, RFLP, and Cellular Assays

HLA-DP, one of the class II complexes, had been originally typed only by the PLT method using cellular reagents (since 1980). Now, it can be defined by RFLP, but not by serologic methods. Strong secondary and weak primary proliferation responses were identified by Mawas (1), Wank (2), and Shaw (3), who classified them as SB antigens (SB1-5), and were officially designated by the 9th International Histocompatibility Workshop in 1984.