cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of separate initial conditions on the lyman-α forest in simulations

Using a set of high resolution simulations, we quantify the effect of species specific initial transfer functions on probes of the IGM via the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest. We focus on redshifts $2-6$, after H~{\sc i} reionization. We explore the effect of these initial conditions on measures of the thermal state of the low density IGM: the curvature, Doppler width cutoff, and Doppler width distribution. We also examine the matter and flux power spectrum, and potential consequences for constraints on warm dark matter models. We find that the curvature statistic is at most affected at the $\approx2\%$ level at $z=6$. The Doppler width cutoff parameters are affected by $\approx5\%$ for the intercept, and $\approx8\%$ for the fit slope, though this is subdominant to sample variation. The Doppler width distribution shows a $\approx30\%$ effect at $z=3$, however the distribution is not fully converged with simulation box size and resolution. The flux power spectrum is at most affected by $\approx5\%$ at high redshift and small scales. We discuss numerical convergence with simulation parameters.
Reader response: Longitudinal optic neuritis-unrelated visual evoked potential changes in NMO spectrum disorders.

I read with interest the article by Ringelstein et al.1 The authors evaluated longitudinal visual-evoked potentials (VEP) among patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and found a delay and decrease in amplitude even among patients without previous optic neuritis.
A Tale of 2 Nodes After Orthotopic Heart Transplant.

Abstract We report the case of a 30-year-old man who underwent orthotopic heart transplant via biatrial anastomosis technique. His post-operative electrocardiogram showed atrial dissociation, which...
Plug and Play Technology for Power Distribution Terminal Management based on the IoT Ideas

Aiming at the fact of the heavy workload and high cost in the construction, operation and maintenance of power distribution system, the definition, technical focus and implementation of the plug and play technology for power distribution terminals are analyzed based on the value brought by the Internet of Things (IoT) which can improve the automation level of power distribution system and reduce the workload of system construction and daily maintenance. The plug and play solution for power distribution terminal management was explored in some cities, which has been proved efficiently.
Neoadjuvant therapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A propensity score-weighted analysis.

Retrospective and single-arm prospective studies have reported clinical benefit with neoadjuvant imatinib for GISTs. In the absence of randomized Phase III data, the impact of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAT) on survival compared to upfront resection (UR) remains unknown. We identified N = 16 308 patients within the National Cancer Database (2004-2016) who underwent resection of localized GIST of the stomach, esophagus, small bowel and colorectum, with or without ≥3 months of NAT. Inverse probability of treatment weighting adjusted for covariable imbalance among treatment groups. We estimated the effect of NAT on overall survival with a weighted time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model, and on 90-day postoperative mortality and R0 resection with weighted logistic regressions. Eight hundred sixty-five (5.3%) patients received NAT compared to 15 443 (94.7%) who underwent UR. Median NAT duration was 6.3 months. 53.7% of NAT patients were male vs 48.6% of UR patients, 67.3% vs 65.1% had primary gastric GIST and 72.8% vs 49.7% were at high risk. NAT patients had larger tumors and higher mitotic index. >3 months of NAT was associated with a significant survival benefit (weighted HR 0.85 [0.80-0.91]). 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 4/865 (0.5%) among NAT patients vs 346/15443 (2.2%). NAT was associated with lower odds of 90-day postoperative mortality. R0 resection rate was not significantly different between groups. In conclusion, despite higher risk features among NAT patients, this analysis suggests that NAT for localized GIST is associated with a modest survival benefit and lower risk of 90-day postoperative mortality, with no difference in likelihood of achieving an R0 resection.
Comparative Clinical Pharmacology of Cisplatin and Carboplatin

The platinum compounds cisplatin and carboplatin are active against a wide range of adult and pediatric malignancies. Whereas both exert their cytotoxic effect by incorporating into DNA, they have substantially different systemic and cellular pharmacology. In addition, their toxicity profiles are much different. Substantial interpatient pharmacokinetic variability and narrow therapeutic indexes of the two agents led to the development of several dosing strategies. Although these strategies reduce pharmacokinetic variability, their effect on improving patient outcome remains to be determined.
Role of the amino and carboxy termini in isoform‐specific sodium channel variation

Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 are two voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms found in adult CNS neurons. These isoforms differ in their electrophysiological properties, even though the major regions that are known to be involved in channel activation and inactivation are conserved between them. To determine if the terminal domains of these channels contributed to their activation and fast inactivation differences, we constructed chimeras between the two isoforms and characterized their electrophysiological properties. Exchanging the N-terminal 205 amino acids of Nav1.6 and the corresponding 202 amino acids of Nav1.2 completely swapped the V_1/2 of steady-state activation between the Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 channels in an isoform-specific manner. Exchanging the C-terminal 436 amino acids of Nav1.6 and the corresponding region of Nav1.2 altered the voltage dependence and kinetics of steady-state inactivation, but the changes did not reflect a direct transfer of inactivation properties between the two isoforms. Finally, the N- and C-terminal domains from Nav1.6 demonstrated functional cooperation. These results suggest that the terminal sequences of the sodium channel are important for isoform-specific differences between the channels.
Integration of transmembrane signaling Cross-talk among G-protein-linked receptors and other signal transduction pathways.

Abstract The heart is a point of convergence for many transmembrane signal transduction pathways and, as such, exemplifies the complexities of sorting out their interactions. In the heart and cardiovascular system, hormone and neurotransmitter signals are propagated via G-protein-and non-G-protein-linked receptors. The receptors, in turn, are coupled to many effectors, including adenylylcyclases, phospholipases, and ion channels, as well as protein kinases and phosphatases. Integrating the information from numerous signaling pathways requires “cross-talk” among the different pathways. This article provides a perspective and attempts to describe in some detail what is known about a few of these interactions. Cross-talk from stimulatory to inhibitory adenylylcyclase pathways, from inhibitory to stimulatory adenylylcyclase pathways, from the adenylylcyclase to the phospholipase-C pathway, and from tyrosine kinase to G-protein-coupled receptors is described. Because of its central importance in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, and due to the availability of good model systems, the powerful responses mediated by the β-adrenergic receptor pathway serve as an excellent model to approach this subject.
The myosin filament. I. Structural organization from antibody staining observed in electron microscopy.

Abstract A model for the myosin filament is presented. The model is based on: (1) the staining pattern observed with anti-myosin in electron microscopy and its relation to the M-line and pseudo-H-zone; (2) the presence of six radially distributed bridges between the filaments in the M-line; (3) the triangular profiles seen in cross-sections of the thick filament through the pseudo-H-zone. The most significant features of the model are that (1) the packing of the myosin molecules along the filament is altered by the tapered ends and the overlap of molecules in the pseudo-H-zone, (2) the myosin filaments are ordered in the A-band in positions restricted by the ability to form M-bridges between the filaments and (3) the approximately 430-A repeat period generally seen in the A-band can be accounted for solely on the basis of superposition of the cross-bridges. The model of the myosin filament has the following important structural characteristics: (1) myosin molecules are aggregated in parallel rows; (2) in the pseudo-H-zone the myosin molecules are aggregated tail (L-meromyosin) to tail and everywhere else head to tail; (3) in the M-line region there is tail to tail abutment of myosin molecules in the same row; (4) between the pseudo-H-zone and the tapered ends, there is an overlap of one period (approx. 430 A) in the myosin molecules along each row; (5) there are 12 rows in a cross-section through the M-line region and 18 rows in a cross-section between the pseudo-H-zone and the tapered ends; (6) the myosin molecules are packed so that a triangular profile is obtained in a cross-section through the pseudo-H-zone. Nine rows are on the surface and three centrally located; (7) these 12 rows make up three sets of four rows. In each set there are two pairs. There is a stagger of one-third of a period between the rows of a pair and a stagger of one period between pairs.
Thermal condensation of cytidylic acid in the presence of polyphosphoric acid.

Thermal condensation of cytidylic acid from mononucleotides in presence of polyphosphoric acid
Detection of reflector surface error from near-field data: Effect of edge diffracted field

The surface accuracy of large reflector antennas must be maintained within certain tolerances if high gain/low sidelobe performance is to be achieved. Thus the measurement of the surface profile is an important part of the quality control procedure when constructing antennas of this type. An efficient method for surface profile measurement has been proposed, i.e., the reflector surface is calculated from the measured near-field phase data using the theory of geometric optics. For a surface profile calculation of this kind, it is necessary to know the margin of error built into the method of calculation. This will enable a specification of the tolerance from which the surface profile can be determined. When calculating the surface profile from near-field phase data, there are two main sources of error. The first is the measurement error in near-field phase data. The second arises from the edge diffracted fields that are superimposed on the reflected fields in the measured near-field data. The error in the calculated surface profile produced by the edge diffracted fields is examined.
Symmetry of the blow-up set of a porous medium type equation

We study the blow-up set of a porous medium type equation with source. Under some technical conditions, we prove that if the blow-up set is a bounded smooth region, then it must be a ball with a certain radius. This problem can be reduced to a sublinear elliptic equation coupled with an overdetermined boundary condition. Roughly speaking, the overdetermined boundary condition forces the domain to be a ball. Because the nonlinear term is sublinear and then non-Lipschitz, many difficulties arise if one wants to use the moving plane method to reach the goal. In particular, the Hopf boundary lemma is not applicable to this problem. Instead, we investigate various related problems in a half space and a problem in the first quadrant of the entire space, and then use the symmetry results obtained for these problems to overcome the obstacles encountered. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists decrease hypoxia induced increase in extracellular dopamine in striatum of newborn piglets.

Abstract The present study tested the hypothesis that the increase in extracellular striatal dopamine during hypoxia is least partly associated with activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and/or non-NMDA excitatory amino acid receptors. Studies were performed in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated 2–3 days old piglets. Hypoxic insult was induced by decreasing the oxygen fraction in inspired gas (FiO 2 ) from 22 to 7% for 1 h, followed by 1 h reoxygenation at 22%. Cortical oxygen pressure was measured optically by oxygen dependent quenching of phosphorescence, and extracellular striatal dopamine was measured using in vivo microdialysis. The microdialysis probes were perfused with Ringer solution ±50 μM (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801) or 50 μM 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX). One hour of hypoxia decreased the cortical oxygen pressure from 46±3 Torr to 10±1.8 Torr. In striatum perfused with Ringer, statistically significant increase in extracellular dopamine, to 1050±310% of control, was observed after 20 min of hypoxia. By 40 min of hypoxia the extracellular level of dopamine increased to 4730±900% of control; by the end of the hypoxic period the values increased to 18 451±1670% of control. The presence of MK-801 in the perfusate significantly decreased the levels of extracellular dopamine during hypoxia. At 20, 40 and 60 min of hypoxia extracellular level of dopamine increased to 278±94% of control, 1530±339% of control and 14 709±1095 of control, respectively. The presence of NBQX caused a statistically significant decrease, by about 30% in the extracellular dopamine compared to control, only at the end of the hypoxic period. It can be concluded that in striatum of newborn piglets, the excitatory NMDA receptors but not the non-NMDA receptors may be modulating the changes in extracellular levels of dopamine. The NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, may exert part of its reported neuroprotective effect to hypoxic stress in striatum by decreasing the levels of extracellular dopamine.
Spatial Adaptation of Short-Wavelength Pathways in Humans

Color-selective spatial adaptation of the short-wavelength, or blue-sensitive, pathway was demonstrated. The adaptation was orientation selective and strongly monocular. Adaptation was assessed by measuring visibility thresholds for monochromatic gratings in subjects adapted to high-contrast violet gratings designed to stimulate only blue-sensitive cones. The results showed spatially selective, adaptable channels within the short-wavelength pathway.
SU-EE-A4-02: Can Patient-Phantom Matching Improve the Accuracy of Dose Estimation in Interventional Fluoroscopy

Purpose: To investigate the benefits of patient‐phantom matching for determining skin and organ dose in interventional fluoroscopy.Method and Materials: In this study, approximately 30 CT datasets representing patients of different sizes and genders were contoured and converted into patient‐specific computational models. Each model was matched, based on height and weight, to a computational phantom selected from the UF hybrid patient‐dependent series. In order to investigate organ dose, Monte Carlo methods were used to simulate several fluoroscopic projections. Organ dose conversion coefficients were calculated for each patient‐specific and patient‐dependent phantom, and also for a reference stylized and reference hybrid phantom. The coefficients were subsequently analyzed for any correlation between patient‐specificity and the accuracy of the dose estimate. In order to investigate skin dose, a dose mapping program was developed and used to calculate local skin dose for a representative interventional procedure. Dose maps were produced for each phantom type and compared based on intensity and position. Results: In terms of organ dose, patient‐phantom matching was shown most beneficial for estimating the dose to large patients. In these cases, the improvement over using a reference stylized phantom ranged from 65–115%, and for a reference hybrid phantom from 20–40%. For smaller individuals, patient‐phantom matching was clearly superior to using a reference stylized phantom, but not significantly better than using a reference hybrid phantom for certain fields and projections. For skin dose, patient‐phantom matching was shown to increase the accuracy of both the location and value of the dose estimate. Conclusions: These results indicate that patient‐phantom matching can improve the accuracy of dose estimation, specifically for large patients. With increasing obesity rates, these patients will continue to make up a large portion of individuals undergoing interventional procedures. Thus, having phantoms that better represent the over‐weight population represents a considerable improvement over previous methods.
Policy watch: Medicare.

Public policies are often made without much recourse to economic reasoning. Economists are sometimes unaware of what is happening in the world of public affairs. As a result, both the quality of public decision making and the role that economists play in it are less than optimal. This feature contains short articles on topics that are currently on the agendas of policymakers, thus illustrating the role of economic analysis in illuminating current debates. Suggestions for future columns and comments on past ones should be sent to Daniel Weinberg, c/o Journal of Economic Perspectives, HHES Division, Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20233.
Electrical and Mechanical Office-based Neuromodulation

Overactive bladder (OAB) is commonly encountered in urologic practice. Treatment algorithms begin with conservative therapy and pharmacotherapy with antimuscarinics. Some patients do not receive adequate relief from these methods or they do not tolerate side effects from pharmacotherapy. A test stimulation for sacral neuromodulation and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation are office-based techniques that are commonly used as the next step in the algorithm of care in patients with OAB. These techniques are efficacious and approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of overactive bladder and its associated symptoms.
Activation of the feeding reflex in Hydra littoralis. I. Role played by reduced glutathione and quantitative assay of the feeding reflex.

A simple and accurate quantitative assay of the glutathione-activated feeding reflex in Hydra is described. The results show: (a) There are a limited number of receptor-effector systems, probably localized in the area immediately around the mouth and on the tentacles. (b) Concentrations of glutathione greater than 5 x 10-6 M activate all these systems; 10-5 M glutathione elicits a half-maximum response. (c) Glutathione must be constantly present at the receptor site in order for a response to occur. (d) The response stops in the presence of excess glutathione because of some change within the Hydra, and not as a result of any alteration to the glutathione. The present state of knowledge concerning the mechanism by which glutathione combines with and activates the glutathione receptor to elicit the feeding reflex is summarized.
Developmental regulation of cognitive abilities: Modified composition of a molecular switch turns on associative learning

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) act as molecular coincidence detectors and allow for association or dissociation between pre- and postsynaptic neurons. NMDA receptors are central to remodeling of synaptic connections during postnatal development and associative learning abilities in adults. The ability to remodel neural networks is altered during postnatal development, possibly due to a change in the composition of NMDARs. That is, as forebrain systems (and cerebellum) develop, synaptic NR2B-containing NMDARs (NR2B-NMDARs) are replaced by NR2A-containing NMDARs (NR2A-NMDARs) and NR2B-NMDARs move to extrasynaptic sites. During the initial phase of the switch, synapses contain both NR2A- and NR2B-NMDARs and both long-term potentiation and long-term depression are enhanced. As NMDAR subunit expression decreases and NR2A-NMDARs come to predominate in the synapse, channel function and synaptic plasticity are reduced, and remodeling ability dissipates. The end result is a balance of plasticity and stability that is optimal for information processing and storage. Associative learning abilities involving different sensory modalities emerge sequentially, in accordance with synaptic maturation in related cortical and underlying brain structures. Thus, developmental alterations in NMDAR composition that occur at different ages in various brain structures may explain the protracted nature of the maturation of various associative learning abilities.
A coagulation factor VII deficiency protects against acute inflammatory responses in mice.

Upregulation of the activated Factor VII (FVIIa)/Tissue Factor complex, downregulation of natural anticoagulation pathways, and inhibition of fibrinolysis, are major contributors to coagulopathies associated with acute inflammation. Provision of FVIIa, and consequent downstream coagulation-related proteases, also stimulates further inflammatory changes, which can result in disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thus, the potential protective effects in vivo of a genetic-based reduction in FVII levels have been investigated in a murine model of acute inflammation, namely lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethal endotoxaemia. Mice with a total FVII deficiency do not survive the neonatal period. Therefore mice expressing low levels of FVII (FVIItTA/tTA), producing sufficient amounts of FVII for survival (approximately 5% of wild-type (WT) FVII), were employed to investigate in vivo pathways involved in the crosstalk between coagulation, inflammation, and survival, consequent to administration of a lethal dose of LPS. The FVIItTA/tTA mice presented with reduced mortality, coagulation, and inflammatory responses in comparison with similarly treated WT mice after administration of LPS. The attenuated inflammatory responses in FVIItTA/tTA mice were associated with downregulation of Egr-1 signalling. Administration, in vivo, of specific inhibitors of FXa and thrombin demonstrated that the inflammatory responses were unaltered in WT mice, but further reduced in FVIItTA/tTA mice. Therefore, a FVII deficiency enhances survival from lethal endotoxaemia both through attenuation of inflammatory responses that result directly from reduced FVIIa levels, and, indirectly, from downregulation of coagulation proteases downstream of the FVII-dependent cascade. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition contributes to endometrial regeneration following natural and artificial decidualization.

Despite being a histologically dynamic organ, mechanisms coordinating uterine regeneration during the menstrual/estrous cycle and following parturition are poorly understood. In the current study, we hypothesized that endometrial epithelial tissue regeneration is accomplished, in part, by mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). To test this hypothesis, fate mapping studies were completed using a double transgenic (Tg) reporter strain, Amhr2-Cre; Rosa26-Stopfl/fl-EYFP (i.e., flox-stop EYFP reporter). EYFP expression was observed in Mullerian duct mesenchyme-derived stroma and myometrium, but not epithelia in young and peripubertal double Tg female mice. However, mosaic EYFP expression was observed in epithelia of double Tg mice after parturition. To ensure the observed epithelial EYFP expression was not due to leaky Amhr2 promoter activity, resulting in aberrant Cre expression, transgenic mice expressing LacZ under the control of the Amhr2 promoter (Amhr2-LacZ) were used to monitor β-galactosidase (β-G...
Uterine smooth muscle: troponin.

Abstract Similarity in the mechanism of contraction in smooth and skeletal muscle is based on the presence of contractile proteins, similar or identical in structure, properties and biological activity, in both types of muscle. Troponin, which together with tropomyosin confers calcium sensitivity to actomyosin, is shown to be present in bovine uterine smooth muscle. Uterine troponin was purified by isoelectric precipitation and ammonium sulfate fractionation. The uterine troponin preparations were shown to be free of tropomyosin in acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate showed a minimum of six components. The intrinsic viscosity of uterine troponin was greatly increased upon addition of uterine tropomyosin indicating complex formation of the two proteins. The biological activity of uterine troponin was similar to that of skeletal troponin. The uterine troponin-tropomyosin complex inhibited uterine and skeletal actomyosin ATPase in the presence of EGTA.
The relationship of early oocytes to putative neoblasts in the serpulid Spirorbis borealis.

The fine structure of the ovary in the serpulid Spirorbis borealis has been described. The ovarian wall consists of from one to several layers of peritoneal cells. Peritoneal cell processes extend deep into the ovary and may be seen between developing oocytes. Although young oocytes may also be in close apposition to one another, intercellular bridges have not been observed. When primary oocytes at the surface of the ovary reach a diameter of about 20 μ, they start to erupt into the coelom. Ovulation results from a simple separation of overlying peritoneal cells which lack specialized cell-to-cell contacts. Once a free surface of an ovulating oocyte is exposed to the coelom, microvilli and primary coat develop. Previtellogenic coelomic oocytes are often observed in close proximity to putative neoblasts (perivasal cells), which suggests a possible functional relationship. The confusion that extists between germ cells, peritoneal cells, and so-called neoblasts in polychaetes is discussed.
THE INTERACTION OF NORMAL AND CROWN‐GALL TUMOR TISSUE IN IN VITRO GRAFTS

IN A PREVIOUS paper (de Ropp, 1947a), an account was given of tumors which appeared to arise from normal tissue of Helianthus annuus to which bacteria-free crown-gall tissue had been grafted in vitro. These outgrowths possessed a characteristic structure which distinguished them from the tumor tissue that had induced their formation. The fact that one of them arose at a site remote from the point of union of the tumor scion, suggested that these tumors might have been induced in the normal stem tissue by the agency of a virus-like factor capable of being transmitted from tumor to normal tissue by grafting. The experiments to be described in this paper were designed to throw further light on the mechanism of development of these induced tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS.-Five different strains of crown-gall tumor tissue were used to provide the tumor scions in these experiments. Their origins and characteristics are described below: (1) Strain H13. Isolated from a secondary tumor on sunflower in 1941 (White and Braun, 1942). A white rather slowly growing strain of tumor tissue having a firm consistency. (2) Strains Pi and PlII. Isolated from primary tumors on sunflower in 1946 (de Ropp, 1947b). 1 Received for publication January 30, 1948. This research was supported in part bv the Committee on Growth of the National Research Council Acting for the American Cancer Society. The writer is indebted to Miss E. Pieczur for technical assistance in connection with this work. Both very soft and structureless strains of tumor tissue with rapid rates of growth. (3) Strain PII. Isolated from a primary tumor on sunflower in 1946 (de Ropp, 1947b). A very woody strain with a tendency to grow below the surface of the agar and an unusual capacitv for continued growth without subdivision. (4) Strain KI. Isolated from an induced tumor on an in vitro graft in 1946 (de Ropp, 1947a). Initially, this strain grew in the form of small spheres each having a woody core and a soft cortex. Later, this characteristic disappeared and the strain became soft and structureless. The normal sunflower tissue to which the grafts were made was obtained from the first internode of 4-week old plants which had been rendered sterile by the removal of the epidermis. The internodes were cut into 4 or 9 mm. segments. Tumor tissue was placed either on the physiological top or the physiological base of these segments and supplied with nutrients from the agar until union had taken place. The nutrient used has already been described (White and Braun, 1942). The material was grown in an incubator at 25?C. in continuous light. For histological examinations, material was fixed in Navashins solution, embedded in paraffin wax and sections stained in safranin and Heidenhain's haematoxylin. EXPERIMENTAL. Frequency of formation of induced tumors.-All five of the tumor strains described above were used in this experiment. Seg-
Ventricular septal defect with patent ductus arteriosus. A clinical and hemodynamic study.

Twenty-two patients with the combined lesions of ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus, proved at cardiac catheterization, are reviewed in detail in regard to their clinical profile, hemodynamic data, and indications for, and results of, surgical repair. The incidence of this combination of lesions is not so uncommon as would be anticipated by the paucity of the reports in the medical literature. The diagnosis of both lesions is important for management and surgical technic. The striking findings by physical examination are the gross undernourishment and the wide pulse pressure in the great majority. Almost all have harsh systolic murmurs along the mid left sternal border and only 2 had continuous Gibson murmurs. Consequently, auscultation is of little help in delineating the presence of an associated patent ductus arteriosus. The electrocardiogram is of minor importance in the diagnosis of this combination of lesions. Roentgenograms in the majority show features common to either lesion a...
Using DOE to Achieve Reliable Drug Administration: A Case Study

Design of experiments (DOE), a statistical tool, and mathematical modeling techniques are established and proven methodologies for process and product improvements in the pharmaceutical industry. This contribution presents a case study where an unsatisfactory dissolution capacity for the drug Roquinimex was overcome by investigating the process parameters with the help of an experimental design. By elucidating the detailed effects of temperature, dosing time, and dilution, conformity in the particle size distribution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from batch to batch in full-scale manufacturing could be ensured. As a direct result the manufactured drug met its specified dissolution capacity, which was a prerequisite for obtaining the desired bioavailability of the pharmaceutical oral formulation. This work demonstrates how the use of DOE in chemical process development adds value by allowing efficient and reliable improvements of a given synthetic step.
Demonstration and solubilization of an inhibitor of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis from rat liver microsomes

Abstract 1. 1. An inhibitor of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis which is present in hepatic microsomes can be detected in the buffer soluble fraction of an acetone powder preparation. 2. 2. The solubilized hepatic microsomal factor inhibits cholesterol synthesis in a cell-free homogenate system in a manner similar to the solubilized renal factor previously reported from this laboratory. 3. 3. The hepatic factor is effective in inhibiting [ 14 C 2 ]acetate incorporation into cholesterol in a liver tissue slice system. 4. 4. The hepatic factor differs from the principle active in decreasing cholesterol biosynthesis in the fasting state.
Mapping Scholarship of Teaching Using a Multidimensional Model

This article applies the multidimensional model of scholarship of teaching (K. Trigwell, E. Martin, J. Benjamin, & M. Prossoer, 2000) to selected components from a term project used in a junior-level promotion and retail analysis course to show how teachers can use the model to map levels of scholarship of teaching across four dimensions: informed, reflection, communication and conceptual. The project components included project objectives and student learning outcomes, combination master and promotional calendar, journal of contributions, peer evaluation, teacher evaluation, and written analysis. Mapping scholarship of teaching provides information to teachers regarding current levels of scholarship of teaching, areas where improvements are possible and the ability to see progress over time. The mapping process is applicable to a variety of courses and situations such as development and revision of courses, lectures, assignments, and projects.
Restorative Justice: A Systematic Review of the Social Work Literature

ABSTRACT Restorative justice is an alternative paradigm for dealing with the effects of crime and wrongdoing that seeks to bring healing to victims, offenders, and the community. Although a key element of social work’s ethical code is the obligation to work toward social justice, this has been viewed primarily as efforts to ensure a fair distribution of resources and opportunities. Yet justice is also restorative in nature—seeking to restore and enhance victims, offenders, and communities to fuller functioning. This article systematically reviews 80 social work peer-reviewed articles dealing with restorative justice. The role of social workers in restorative justice programs remains largely unknown. Suggestions are made for enhancing social work practice in the restorative justice arena.of persons who are considered to be at a low risk of reoffend-ing (Golder, Ivanoff, Cloud, Besel, mcKiernan, Bratt, & Bledsoe, 2005), there is an urgent need for alternative approaches to crime in this country. Golder et al. poignantly state, “Continued reliance on incarceration (i.e., incapacitation) as the primary strategy for reducing crime is not only expensive monetarily, but it has partic-ularly deleterious effects on poor, urban communities, especially communities of color” (p. 104).The practice of restorative justice offers victims, offenders, and communities an alternative approach for dealing with the harm caused by crime. In contrast to the aforementioned orienta-tion, restorative justice allows a three-dimensional approach that includes the victim, offender, and community (Bazemore, 1999). This trend away from the current criminal justice system (especially in regard to juvenile delinquency) may allow for comprehensive heal -ing and intervention with all parties impacted by a crime. Restorative justice practices thus offer the potential for decreased recidivism of offenders, fewer long-term effects of victimization, and strengthen -ing of the aggregate well-being of a community. Hence, a three-dimensional approach to crime benefits all parties involved.Historically, restorative justice has its roots in the indigenous rituals of New Zealand communities where shaming of the offender was used as punishment for wrongdoings. minority
Three-Dimensional Velocity Measurements Around and Downstream of a Rotating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Modern designs for straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) feature smaller individual footprints than conventional horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs), allowing closer spacing of turbines and potentially greater power extraction for the same wind farm footprint. However, the wakes of upstream turbines could persist far enough to affect the performance of closely-spaced downstream turbines. In order to optimize the inter-turbine spacing and to investigate the potential for constructive aerodynamic interactions, the complex dynamics of VAWT wakes should be understood. The full three-component mean velocity field around and downstream of a scaled model of a rotating VAWT has been measured by Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry (MRV). The model turbine has an aspect ratio (height/diameter) of 1, and was operated in a water facility at subscale but still turbulent Reynolds number of 11,600 based on the turbine diameter. The main flow features including recirculation bubble sizes and strong vortex structures are believed to be representative of flow at full scale Reynolds number. To have kinematic similarity with a power-producing turbine, the model turbine was externally driven. Measurements were taken with the turbine stationary and while driven at tip speed ratios (TSRs) of 1.25 and 2.5, realistic values for VAWTs in operation. The MRV measurement produced three-dimensional velocity data with a resolution of 1/50 of the turbine diameter in all three directions. The flow is shown to be highly three dimensional and asymmetric for the entirety of the investigated region (up to 7 diameters downstream of the turbine). The higher TSR produced greater velocity defect and asymmetry in the near wake behind the turbine, but also showed faster wake recovery than the slower TSR and stationary cases. Wake recovery is affected by a counter-rotating vortex pair generated at the upwind-turning side of the turbine, which mixes faster fluid from the free stream in with the wake. The strength of vortices is shown to increase with TSR.
Dynamical equivalence of networks of coupled dynamical systems: II. General case

We show that two networks of coupled dynamical systems are dynamically equivalent if and only if they are output equivalent. We also obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for two dynamically equivalent networks to be input equivalent. These results were previously described in the companion paper 'Dynamical equivalence of networks of coupled dynamical systems: I. Asymmetric inputs' but only proved there for the case of asymmetric inputs. In this paper, we allow for symmetric inputs. We also provide a number of examples to illustrate the main results in the case when there are both symmetric and asymmetric inputs.
THE EFFECT OF HIGH DOSES OF X-IRRADIATION ON THE PHAGOCYTIC, PROLIFERATIVE, AND METABOLIC PROPERTIES OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM

The effect of moderately high doses of x-irradiation upon the reticulo-endothelial system of mice and rats was investigated. A dosage of 600 r to mice and 850 r to rats did not interfere with the ability of the RES to clear colloidal particles from the blood. However the 850 r x-ray dose to rats prevented recovery of normal phagocytic function after "blockade." In mice, 600 r interfered with the ability of the RES to respond to the usual stimulating effect of zymosan. The ability of the RES of mice which have received 600 r of x-rays to clear P32-labelled E. coli from the blood was not significantly altered. These mice responded poorly to immunization, as demonstrated by the slow rate of clearance of the bacteria from the blood of immunized, irradiated individuals as compared with that of immunized controls. This reflected the lowered antibody production and not deficiency of phagocytic mechanism. There was no evidence of a changed capacity of the Kupffer cells of mice which had received 600 r of x-rays to break down denatured protein enzymatically.
Chromosomal Localization of the Genes for Human Carboxypeptidase D (CPD) and the Active 50-Kilodalton Subunit of Human Carboxypeptidase N (CPN1)

Human carboxypeptidase N is a 280-kDa tetrameric enzyme consisting of two 83-kDa regulatory subunits and two catalytic 50-kDa subunits. The 83-kDa subunit is a member of the leucine-rich repeat family of proteins and has been localized to chromosome 8p22-p23. The 50-kDa subunit is a member of the regulatory B-type carboxypeptidase family, which includes carboxypeptidases M, E/H, AEBP1, and a newly described member, carboxypeptidase D, which has three tandem active site domains. The human genes for carboxypeptidase D (HGMW-approved symbol CPD) and the 50-kDa subunit of carboxypeptidase N (HGMW-approved symbol CPN1) were localized to chromosomes 17 and 10, respectively, using the polymerase chain reaction with gene-specific primers and DNAs derived from somatic cell hybrids. The carboxypeptidase D gene was further localized to the centromeric region 17p11.1-q11.1/11.2 by use of a regional mapping panel derived from somatic cell hybrids containing different portions of chromosome 17.
Prediction of school readiness from kindergarten temperament scores

Abstract The relationship between temperament and school readiness scores was investigated in a sample of 152 kindergarten students. Temperament ratings on the Temperament Assessment Battery for Children (TABC) were obtained from kindergarten teachers. Level 2 of the Metropolitan Readiness Test (MRT) was subsequently administered to the students at the end of the school year. All correlations between temperament scales and MRT scores were significant when the effects of receptive vocabulary (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised) were removed. Results from stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that once TABC persistence scores were entered, no other temperament scores significantly increased prediction of MRT prereading scores. Inclusion of teacher-rated persistence from the TABC with PPVT-R scores in the regression analyses increased the percentage of total variance accounted for in readiness scores from 32% to 50%. These findings support previous research that has demonstrated the importance of task orientation behaviors for successful kindergarten achievement and adjustment. The results suggest that a significant component of school readiness may involve temperament-related behaviors.
Clinical mastitis and intramammary infections on Ohio dairy farms

Fifty Ohio dairy farms selected by stratified random sample were monitored to determine the incidence rate of clinical mastitis and prevalence of intramammary infection with the major intramammary pathogens. Population parameters for clinical mastitis incidence rate were estimated as 2.19, 3.33 and 4.36 cases per 100 cow-months at risk for herds with less than 50 cows, herds with 50–99 cows, and herds with more than 99 cows, respectively. The most common isolates from clinical cases were coagulase-negative staphylococci and Escherichia coli, each present in 14.6% of samples taken. Estimates of population prevalence of intramammary infection for Ohio dairy farms were: coagulase-positive staphylococci, 2%; coagulase-negative staphylococci, 2%; E. coli, 1%; other coliforms, 1%; Streptococcus agalactiae, 2%; esculin-positive streptococci, 5%; other esculin-negative streptococci, 3%.
Image theory for plasmon-modified luminescence near nanospheres

We present a quasi-static model of the electromagnetic interaction between dipolar emitting molecule and a Plasmon-metal nano-sphere. Based on the image theory of dielectric sphere, we model the Plasmon nano-spheres by off-centered dipole images. The retardation effect is taken into account by electrodynamical modifications on spherical polarizability and dipole radiation field. The modifications of the radiative rate, total decay rate and the quantum yield for the molecules are derived. The image model indicates the strong distance dependence of the enhancement on both radiative and total decay rates. The comparison with the exact electrodynamical model and other simplified models indicate that the off-center image provide accurate predictions on radiative and total decay rates, even in close distances.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma and adenoacanthoma of the colon

Squamous cell carcinoma and adenoacanthoma rarely occur in the colon or upper rectum and are seen 0.05% as frequently as adenocarcinoma. At the Mavo Clinic, 20 patients with these lesions were seen during a 60-year period. The most plausible explanation for the occurrence of these lesions is that glandular epithelioma is destroyed by deleterious influences and replaced by proliferation of basal cells which, with repeated destruction, undergo anaplasia and loss of ability to redifferentiate normally. The surgical treatment of these tumors is the same as that for adenocarcinoma. The 5-year survival rate for patients with adenoacanthoma and squamous cell epithelioma is 30%, compared to 50% for patients with glandular cancers.
An empirical study of the impact of e-business technologies on organizational collaboration and performance

Abstract The use of e-business technologies between supply chain organizations has been thematic in recent literature. Organizational collaboration, the foundation of supply chain management, has been enabled by the development and use of e-business technologies. Organizational collaboration and information sharing, in turn, are expected to improve organizational performance. We propose and test a model of the relationship between organizational use of e-business technologies, organizational collaboration, and performance, using empirical data. Our model differs from past studies in that collaboration is viewed as two unique constructs, differentiating between intra- and inter-organizational collaboration. Our findings show that use of e-business technologies impacts performance both directly and indirectly by promoting both measures of collaboration. Intra-firm collaboration is also found to have a direct impact on organizational performance. However, the impact of inter-organizational collaboration on performance is found to be only indirect, through the impact of intra-organizational collaboration. These findings reveal the complexity of organizational collaboration, underscore the importance for companies to promote internal collaboration, and invest in information technologies that facilitate it.
The Shaker-1 Mouse Myosin VIIa has a Drastically Compromised ATP Hydrolysis Mechanism

The shaker-1 mice carry a missense mutation in the myosin VIIa gene (R502P) and exhibit deafness, circling behavior and mild retinal degeneration. Developmental and electrophysiological studies have shown that the cochlear function is altered in these mice. We carried out a detailed kinetic analysis of the baculoviral expressed truncated shaker-1 construct to assess whether the ATP hydrolysis mechanism is altered in these mice. The basal steady-state rate (0.03 s−1) is activated by actin only 1.5 -fold. ATP binding is relatively fast (1.22 uM−1s−1) and the dissociation of the myosin from the actomyosin complex is the same as for the wild type myosin VIIa (400 s−1). ADP binding to (1.8 uM−1s−1) and the dissociation (1.5 s−1) from the actomyosin complex are also similar to the wild type. Phosphate release from the M-ADP-Pi complex is slow (0.07 s−1) and is not activated by actin. Quenched flow experiments show that there is no Pi burst and the rate of the hydrolysis is 0.12 s−1. The R502 residue is in a small loop that is in the middle of an α-helical region which aligns with the switch-2 helix and is the continuation of the relay-loop. The sequence in the loop is changed from NRPM to NPPM which is likely to alter the conformation of the helix-loop-helix structure that is relatively straight in all myosins.Consequently the rate constants of the steps leading into the power stroke (hydrolysis and phosphate dissociation) are reduced greater than 10-fold whereas the post-power stoke steps are essentially unchanged. As a result the shaker-1 mutant protein has a severely compromised ATP hydrolysis mechanism in which < 10% of the normal fraction of the force-producing crossbridges are formed.Supported by NIH/RO3DC009335.
Effect of bronchodilators on airway resistance in ventilator-dependent neonates with chronic lung disease.

Using a noninvasive passive flow volume technique to measure respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and compliance (Crs), the effects of two inhaled bronchodilators, salbutamol (β 2 -agonist) and ipratropium bromide (muscarinic blocker), were studied in 17 premature infants ranging in age from 19 to 103 days. All were ventilator dependent with chronic lung disease. The pretreatment Rrs was high (range 0.15 to 0.27 cm H 2 O · ml −1 · sec). After administration of salbutamol, the mean group Rrs decreased 24%±11% (mean ± SD), and Crs increased significantly, 17%±21%. The response to ipratropium bromide in five infants did not differ significantly from their responses to salbutamol. Nebulized saline solution had no bronchodilator effect in five infants. These results suggest that in infants with early and late chronic lung disease, bronchospasm can be partially alleviated by inhaled bronchodilators.