cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secure Distributed Virtual Conferencing

We describe a secure distributed virtual conferencing appli­cation (SDVC) that provides high quality streaming video and audio using IP multicast for efficient distribution, uses strong authentication via cryptographic means, and (option­ally) provides fully encrypted communication without sac­rificing the quality of the medium or the user experience. We summarize our experiences with SDVC in a recent live demonstration and conclude with a discussion of future plans.
Intracellular Substrates for Endogenous Metabolism During Long-Term Starvation of Rod and Spherical Cells of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes

Cells of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes, harvested during growth as spheres and as rods, were starved by shaking at 30 C in phosphate buffer for 30 days, during which time they maintained 100% viability. Changes in cellular components and the activity of specific enzyme pathways were monitored. A glycogen-like polysaccharide comprised 40% of the dry weight of growing spherical cells and 10% of the dry weight of rod cells. This material was utilized at approximately the same rate, on a percentage basis, during starvation of both cell forms. The rods degraded intracellular protein at approximately twice the rate of the spheres. At the end of 30 days, the rods had degraded 40% and the spheres 20% of their initial content of protein. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was degraded significantly more rapidly in the rods. After 30 days starvation, 85 and 32% of the initial RNA of rods and spheres, respectively, had been depleted. Magnesium ion followed this same general pattern; the rods lost 65% and the spheres 45% of their initial content during 28 days of starvation. Deoxyribonucleic acid increased by 20% during the first few hours of starvation of both cell forms and then remained constant. The ability of glucose-, succinate-, and 2-hydroxypyridine (2-HP)-grown cells to oxidize glucose remained constant during 14 days of starvation. The ability of succinate-grown cells to oxidize succinate decreased rapidly during the first few hours of starvation to a rate which remained constant for 14 days. Cells adapted to growth on 2-HP completely lost their ability to oxidize this substrate after 3 days starvation.
Utility-Based Decision Tree Optimization: A Framework for Adaptive Interviewing

An emerging practice in e-commerce systems is to conduct interviews with buyers in order to identify their needs. The goal of such an interview is to determine sets of items that match implicit requirements. Decision trees structure the interview process by defining which question follows a given answer. One problem related to decision trees is that changes in the selling strategy or product mix require complex tree restructuring efforts. In this paper we present a framework that represents the selling strategy as a set of parameters, reflecting the preferences of sellers and buyers. This representation of the strategy can be used to generate optimized decision trees in an iterative process, which exploits information about historical buyer behavior. Furthermore, the framework also supports advanced optimization strategies such as dynamic parameter adaptation and exit risk minimization.
The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in non-cardiac surgery patients, an observational study.

Purpose Given that preoperative hyperglycemia is associated with poor outcomes and many non-diabetic patients have high plasma glucose (PG) levels, the purpose of our study was to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among non-cardiac surgery patients and to identify predictors of hyperglycemia in non-diabetics.
Reading without a fovea

A visual mask moving in synchrony with the eye obliterated foveal vision during reading under certain conditions. When foveal vision was masked, reading became difficult. In another condition, a window of readable text moved in synchrony with the eye, and parafoveal vision was masked on each fixation. The results point out the importance of foveal and parafoveal vision in reading.
School connectedness in community and residential treatment schools: The influence of gender, grades, and engagement in treatment

Abstract This study compared perceptions of school connectedness to traditional community schools and residential treatment center (RTC) schools for youths between the ages of 12 and 18 receiving treatment within two RTCs. The influence of gender, report card grades, and engagement in treatment were also examined in relation to school connectedness in the RTC schools. Findings indicated that youths reported greater connectedness to the residential schools and that engagement in treatment led to higher levels of school connectedness while in residence. Results are discussed in the context of practices that may increase school connectedness in community and RTC schools.
Biomedical responses of rats to chronic exposure to dietary cadmium fed in ad libitum and equalized regimes

Forty 100 g male rats were fed, in groups of eight, either 0, 5, or 25 ppm cadmium in a purified diet for 14 wk. Three groups were fed each of the levels of cadmium on an ad libitum basis. Two other groups were fed either 0 or 5 ppm cadmium in amounts that were equalized to that consumed by the 25 ppm group fed ad libitum. Cadmium ingestion decreased daily diet consumption, weight gain, and terminal body weight. These parameters were not significantly different in rats whose diet consumption was equalized. Packed cell volume and serum iron as well as serum zinc were decreased in the rats fed 25 ppm cadmium. These effects were not related to diet intake. No major differences were observed in serum ceruloplasmin, glucose, protein, leucine aminopeptidase activity, or copper in any of the groups. Blood urea nitrogen and renal leucine aminopeptidase activity were decreased by cadmium ingestion in the rats fed ad libitum only. In contrast, serum alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated by cadmium in the equal...
Introduction: Special issue on housing policy in the United States

Abstract The recent housing crisis has spawned much reflection among academics, practitioners and policy-makers regarding both the causes and the consequences of this upheaval, especially in the market for owner-occupied homes. But many questions remain. This special issue of the Journal of Housing Economics features a series of articles that seeks to answer some of these questions, with attention given to both the ownership and rental markets. We hope the nine articles in this issue help to provide some insights for both policy makers and researchers.
Transcription of a specific product from cloned T4 tRNA genes in Xenopus germinal vesicle extract

Abstract An extract, prepared from the germinal vesicles of Xenopus oocytes, was capable of transcribing cloned T4 tRNA genes. The major product was identified as tRNASer, with some extra nucleotides from neighboring sequences in the tRNA cluster at both termini.
Excited State Excimer Spectroscopy

Recent experiments are described in which the electronic excited state structure of the rare gas dimers (Rg2), the triatomic rare gas-halide molecules Kr2F and Xe2Ce, and the heteronuclear KrAr have been studied in absorption or by laser induced fluorescence. One key aspect of these spectroscopic experiments is that the excited states are probed near their equilibrium radii. Measurements of the absolute photoionization cross-sections for the lowest lu, OU states of Kr2 and Xe2 are also discussed.
Vicia villosa agglutinin labels a subset of neurons coexpressing both the mu opioid receptor and parvalbumin in the developing rat subiculum

Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA), anti-parvalbumin antiserum and an affinity-purified anti-mu opioid receptor antibody were used to triple-label neurons in the postnatal rat subiculum. VVA labeled a subset of mu opioid receptor-positive neurons that were also immunoreactive for parvalbumin. The morphology of the triple-labeled neurons was heterogeneous, and included multipolar, ovoid and pyramidal-shaped neurons. Neurons single-labeled for the mu opioid receptor, VVA or parvalbumin were also morphologically heterogeneous. The postnatal development of mu opioid receptor immunoreactivity (IR), parvalbumin-IR and VVA binding was investigated using triple-labeling immunocytochemistry. Mu opioid receptor-IR appeared first and was present at postnatal day 1 (P1). Parvalbumin-IR was first observed in somata at P10, followed by proximal and distal dendrites at P15 and P20 respectively. Faint VVA labeling was seen first at P10 and surrounded a limited number of neurons. The intensity of labeling and the number of neurons labeled with VVA increased between P10 and P20; however, both measures remained below adult levels at P20. This study further illustrates the neurochemical heterogeneity of interneurons in the hippocampal formation and shows the developmentally early appearance of mu opioid receptor-IR compared to the late appearance of VVA binding and parvalbumin-IR.
A telemetry system for recording body temperature of large numbers of caged rodents

A telemetry system designed to record the body temperature of a large number of ground squirrels,citellus tridecemlineatus, was constructed. Temperature-sensitive miniature transmitters were implanted in the abdominal cavity of 92 ground squirrels. 72 receiving channels continuously detected the same number of transmitter signals. These signals were recorded on a single, 24-channel, multipoint recorder and magnetic tape, with a 14 min interval between data points for a given channel. Hibernation-activity patterns of the squirrels were followed for eight weeks with this system. 58 of the 92 transmitters were functioning properly at the end of the experiment. Transmitter malfunction was the largest source of data loss in the system.
Compounded 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate is an inexpensive and safe alternative to the FDA-approved product.

Prematurity continues to be the major source of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Efforts to decrease the risk of prematurity in the past have focused on preventing contractions with tocolytics, early identification of contractions with home uterine monitoring, and predicting preterm delivery through history and biochemical evaluations. The Institute of Medicine estimated in 2005 that the average direct medical care costs for a preterm infant in the United States is $33,200, with the majority (85%) of this cost occurring in the first year of life. 1 The cost per infant increases to $51,600 when maternal medical care costs ($3800), early intervention costs ($1203), special education costs ($2150), and lost household productivity costs ($11,215) are considered. The only markers for increased risk of preterm delivery that have reasonable positive predictive values in the asymptomatic patient are a history of preterm delivery and the finding on transvaginal ultrasound of a shortened cervix
Luminous arcs from galactic bow shocks

Lynds and Petrosian1 and Soucail et al.2 have reported the discovery of circular arcs in the cores of two high-redshift (ζ∼0.3) clusters. The arcs are ∼100kpc in length, ∼5kpc in width, and have radii of curvature ∼70kpc (H0 = 75 km s–1 Mpc–1). Giant elliptical galaxies are found near the centres of both arcs. The arcs have total luminosities of ∼1044ergs–1 and are unusually blue in colour. One explanation for the arcs is that they are regions of rapid star formation behind galaxy bow shocks, where our line of sight is tangent to the shock surface and approximately perpendicular to the galaxy velocity. Here we describe some of the conditions under which bow shocks can form and point out some observationally testable implications of this model.
Taming a wandering attention: short-form mindfulness training in student cohorts

Mindfulness training (MT) is a form of mental training in which individuals engage in exercises to cultivate an attentive, present centered, and non-reactive mental mode. The present study examines the putative benefits of MT in University students for whom mind wandering can interfere with learning and academic success. We tested the hypothesis that short-form MT (7 hours over 7 weeks) contextualized for the challenges and concerns of University students may reduce mind wandering and improve working memory. Performance on the sustained attention response task (SART) and two working memory tasks (operation span, delayed-recognition with distracters) was indexed in participants assigned to a waitlist control group or the MT course. Results demonstrated MT-related benefits in SART performance. Relative to the control group, MT participants had higher task accuracy and self-reported being more “on-task” after the 7-week training period. MT did not significantly benefit the operation span task or accuracy on the delayed-recognition task. Together these results suggest that while short-form MT did not bolster working memory task performance, it may help curb mind wandering and should, therefore, be further investigated for its use in academic contexts.
On the propagation of a crack in an elastic-brittle material

Abstract T he G riffith theory of brittle cracking is extended to a dynamic problem, in which a semiinfinite craek in an infinite medium is extended by finite forces. The conclusion is drawn that the force required to maintain a steady rate of extension of the craek decreases as the rate increases. It is also observed that various criteria which may be assumed for crack division lead to limiting velocities of propagation of a single crack.
DDT intoxication in rainbow trout as affected by dieldrin

Abstract Rainbow trout were dosed po with 5 mg DDT alone and in combination with 0.04 mg or 0.20 mg dieldrin on alternate days, 4 treatments in all. Fish were also pretreated on 4 alternate days with 0.20 mg dieldrin per dose followed by 4 alternate day treatments of 5 mg DDT per dose. The presence of dieldrin resulted in reduced mortality from DDT intoxication. The time until death after demonstrating signs of intoxication was also much longer in fish receiving dieldrin in addition to DDT than in those receiving DDT only. DDT increased with time in adipose tissue, but the lethal brain levels of DDT were nearly constant. It was observed that rainbow trout die at a much lower brain level of DDT than reported for rats or birds.
The Double Q-Sort as a Research Tool.

The University of San Francisco is conducting a 5-year evaluation of its new baccalaureate professional nursing education curriculum. Graduates of the old and the new curriculum are being compared, and one class (1972) is being followed from the freshman year to one year following graduation. There are approximately ninety students in each class (1969-1974) . The Q-technique is one of the devices being used to assess student perceptions of the curriculum. The 72-item Q-sort is administered to each class (sophomore, junior, senior) in the spring of each year and is sorted twice by each respondent at one sitting: first, in terms of the curriculum as it is; second, as the students would like it to be. This double sort at one sitting is unique. A rank ordering of the items by mean scores and intercorrelations of cluster findings are presented. Use of the double Q-sort as a research tool appears to be an effective device for measuring the degree of agreement and diversity of student perceptions of the curriculum.
The antidotal effectiveness of sodium cobaltinitrite in antagonizing cyanide poisoning in albino mice.

The prophylactic intraperitoneal administration of sodium nitrite (80 mg./Kg.) thirty minutes prior to the subcutaneous injection of one LD 95 of sodium cyanide protected 80 per cent of the mice. Under similar circumstances, sodium cobaltinitrite (60 mg./Kg.) afforded optimal protection to 97 per cent. Both sodium nitrite and sodium cobaltinitrite, administered thirty seconds after the injection of 1 LD 95 of sodium cyanide, required lower doses and were more effective than when given prophylactically. The most effective therapeutic dose of sodium nitrite was 50 mg./Kg. which produced 90 per cent survival, while sodium cobaltinitrite was most effective at a dose of 30 mg./Kg., which produced a 96 per cent survival. Sodium cobaltinitrite–sodium thiosulfate combinations, when antidoting 4 LD 95 's of sodium cyanide, achieved percentage results that were similar to those attained with sodium nitrite–sodium thiosulfate combinations in antidoting 3 LD 95 's of the poison.
An optimization program for linear arrays of parallel wires

This is a composite program suitable for handling certain analysis and optimization problems involving linear arrays of parallel thin-wire antennas
Economic acceptable risk assessment model

Acceptable risk is the residual risk that follows the implementation of the safeguard. Residual risk is the qualitative or quantitative risk that could not be removed, or which was accepted. Managing the residual risk is the core of risk management. This includes determining which risk to take, which to remove, and what to do with the residual risk. The quantitative residual risk calculation is based on calculating threats, vulnerability, asset value, and control gap.In this paper, the description of an economic model for acceptable risk focuses on calculating asset absorption instead of calculating likelihood. This model provides a more quantifiable measurement and is based on the assumption that the value of an asset is less than optional risk and Acceptable Risk = Asset Value%. The final model calculates the security investment based on the accepted risk of a business investment.
Validation d’une technique de mesure assistée par ordinateur pour la mesure radiographique de l’usure de cupules en polyéthylène cimentées

Introduction Les cupules en polyethylene cimentees demeurent le gold standard dans l’arthroplastie totale de hanche. Cependant, aucun outil assiste par ordinateur n’a ete specifiquement valide pour la mesure de l’ usure radiographique de ce type d’implant. Materiel A l’aide d’un modele fantome valide d’arthroplastie totale de hanche, des radiographies de face ont ete realisees selon huit positions d’usure simulee variant de 0 a 283 microns d’un cotyle en polyethylene cimente. Une version du logiciel Martell's Hip Analysis Suite dediee aux cupules en polyethylene cimentees a ete exploitee par trois differents examinateurs d’experience variee (de novice a tres experimente). Les biais (moyenne, ecart-type et amplitude de l’intervalle de confiance a 95 %), repetabilite (ecart-type et amplitude de l’intervalle de confiance a 95 %) et reproductibilite (ecart-type et amplitude de l’intervalle de confiance a 95 %) ont ete determines, suivant les dernieres recommandations ASTM. Resultats Selon ce protocole, nous avons retrouve pour ce logiciel dedie un biais de 0,161 A 0,208 mm (moyenne A ecart-type) et une amplitude de l’intervalle de confiance a 95 % de 0,575 mm. L’ecart-type et l’amplitude de l’intervalle de confiance a 95 % de la repetabilite (parametre intra-examinateur) etaient respectivement de 0,192 mm et 0,533 mm. En ce qui concerne la reproductibilite (parametre inter-examinateur), ces valeurs etaient respectivement de 0,200 mm et 0,554 mm. Discussion Une analyse comparative de ce logiciel vis-a-vis de ces concurrents n’a ete permise qu’en calculant des normes correspondant a d’anciennes definitions, precision (0,183 mm) et reproductibilite (0,334 mm). Il apparait ainsi que le logiciel Martell pour cupules cimentees est moins precis a la fois que la radiostereometrie (0,065 mm), mais aussi que les logiciels avec detection automatique des contours pour cupules metalliques impactees (0,033 mm). Il reste, cependant, bien plus precis que les techniques manuelles (1,076 mm). Concernant la reproductibilite, celle-ci est equivalente a celle du logiciel ROMAN (0,325 mm) ou encore de celle basee sur scanner (0,39 mm). Compare a la radiostereometrie, le logiciel de Martell ne necessitant pas l’insertion de marqueurs pendant l’intervention, la logistique et le cout global sont reduits. Il peut ainsi etre applique a des etudes retrospectives sans limitation du nombre de patients. Conclusion Le logiciel Martell's Hip Analysis Suite dedie aux cupules en polyethylene cimentees est un instrument fiable et a faible cout dans l’evaluation de l’usure. Il reste, toutefois, moins precis et moins reproductible que sa version dediee aux cupules metalliques impactees.*
Constituting Savvy Aunties: From Childless Women to Child-Focused Consumers

In August 2008, self-identified “auntrepreneur” Melanie Notkin launched SavvyAuntie.com, “the first online community for aunts.” Targeted at the growing demographic of childless women in the United States, the site functions as a constitutive rhetoric that interpellates childless women as “savvy aunts.” Although this constitutive effort challenges the idea that all good women are mothers, the author of this essay argues that Notkin's site interpellates childless women in terms of the most oppressive aspects of intensive motherhood while simultaneously thwarting the positive values intensive mothering seeks to uphold.
Reducing hip fractures in the elderly.

CLINICAL QUESTION Is there evidence that hip protectors and vitamin D with calcium supplementation reduce hip fractures in the elderly? RESULTS The results are that vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduce incidence of hip fractures. Hip protectors provide some benefit in reducing hip fractures in elderly patients in residential facilities. IMPLEMENTATION Primary care providers should assess patients for the risk of hip fracture and consider using hip protectors and nutritional supplementation in selected individuals to prevent fractures.
Expression of Clumping and Fibrinogen‐Binding Activities of Staphylococcus aureus at Various Growth Stages

Clumping and fibrinogen-binding activities of 4 Staphylococcus aureus strains (Cowan I, Newman D2C, Wood 46 and NCTC 5655) were assayed with a semiquantitative clumping test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Distinct positive clumping was detected with whole cells of the 3 strains except Wood 46. Amounts of fibrinogen required for a definite clumping depended greatly on strains as well as on their growth phases. On the other hand, fibrinogen-binding activities were detected both in culture supernatants and in cell lysates of all the 4 strains, and the levels were rather comparable with one another and relatively steady through their growth cycles. No significant correlation was thus found among expression behavior of clumping and fibrinogen-binding activities.
Interaction between cytochrome c2 and the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides: effects of charge-modifying mutations on binding and electron transfer.

The electrostatic interactions governing binding and electron transfer from cytochrome c(2) (cyt c(2)) to the reaction center (RC) from the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides were studied by using site-directed mutagenesis to change the charges of residues on the RC surface. Charge-reversing mutations (acid --> Lys) decreased the binding affinity for cyt c(2). Dissociation constants, K(D) (0.3--250 microM), were largest for mutations of Asp M184 and nearby acid residues, identifying the main region for electrostatic interaction with cyt c(2). The second-order rate constants, k(2) (1--17 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1)), increased with increasing binding affinity (log k(2) vs log 1/K(D) had a slope of approximately 0.4), indicating a transition state structurally related to the final complex. In contrast, first-order electron transfer rates, k(e), for the bound cyt did not change significantly ( amide) showed changes in binding free energies of approximately 1/2 the free energy changes due to the corresponding charge-reversing mutations, suggesting that the charges in the docked complex remain well solvated. Charge-enhancing mutations (amide --> acid) produced free energy changes of the same magnitude (but opposite sign) as changes due to the charge-neutralizing mutations in the same region, indicating a diffuse electrostatic potential due to cyt c(2). A two-domain model is proposed, consisting of an electrostatic docking domain with charged surfaces separated by a water layer and a hydrophobic tunneling domain with atomic contacts that provide an efficient pathway for electron transfer.
Defensin-6 mRNA in human Paneth cells: implications for antimicrobia peptides in host defense of the human bowel

The epithelial surface of the human small intestine is a barrier between the host and the microbial environment of the lumen. A human small intestine cDNA clone was found to encode a new member of the defensin family of antimicrobial peptides, named human defensin-6. Tissue expression of this mRNA is specific for the small intestine as determined by Northern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction analysis. In situ hybridization demonstrated that human defensin-6 mRNA localizes to Paneth cells in the crypts of Lieberkuhn. The finding of an abundant defensin mRNA in human Paneth cells supports the notion that these epithelial cells may play a key role in host defense of the human bowel. The results also strengthen the hypothesis that peptide-based host defenses are prevalent at mucosal surfaces in mammals.
The bacterial flagellar motor

Abstract The flagella of bacteria, under the control of sensory information from the environment, enable them to migrate to more favorable environments—a phenomenon known as taxis. The motors which drive the external flagellar filaments are rotary devices that switch between counterclockwise and clockwise rotation and are driven by the proton potential across the cell membrane, with characteristics that suggest they are close-to-equilibrium machines. They are moderately complex in structure, containing perhaps fifteen distinct proteins, some presumably passive, others actively involved in sensory transduction and switching. An extensive genetic system underlies the motor and sensory apparatus.
Repopulation of Ovarian Cancer Cells After Chemotherapy

The high mortality rate caused by ovarian cancer has not changed for the past thirty years. Although most patients diagnosed with this disease respond to cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy and undergo remission, foci of cells almost always escape therapy, manage to survive, and acquire the capacity to repopulate the tumor. Repopulation of ovarian cancer cells that escape front-line chemotherapy, however, is a poorly understood phenomenon. Here I analyze cancer-initiating cells, transitory senescence, reverse ploidy, and cellular dormancy as putative players in ovarian cancer cell repopulation. As part of the standard of care, ovarian cancer patients do not receive treatment between primary cytotoxic therapy and clinical relapse. Understanding the mechanisms driving cellular escape from chemotherapy should lead to the development of low toxicity, chronic treatment approaches that can be initiated right after primary therapy to interrupt cell repopulation and disease relapse by keeping it dormant and, therefore, subclinical.
A proton NMR study of solvent effects on the nature and reactivity of alkali metal trimethyltin derivatives

Abstract Variable temperature NMR studies on solutions of LiSnMe, and KSnMe 3 indicate that an equilibrium between contact and solvent separated ion pairs occurs for these species. Solvents investigated, in order of decreasing ability to solvate the alkali metal ion are: hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) > 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) > bis(β-ethoxyethyl) ether (BEEE) > tetrahydrofuran (THF), with the equilibrium shifted strongly to the right by HMPA and strongly to the left by THF. The addition of two moles of HMPA per mole of lithium to a THF solution of LiSnMe 3 shifts the equilibrium strongly to the right. A shift to the right also is observed on lowering the temperature; this effect is greatest for DME solutions. Variations in 2 J (SnCH) for the MSnMe 3 species, as well as available IR data, give evidence that the structure of the SnC 3 fragment tends increasingly towards planarity with increasing solvation of the alkali metal. Unlike the carbon and silicon analogs, the trimethylstannyllithium species does not appear to attack the solvent on heating but rather rearrange to form SnMe 4 and LiSn(SnMe 3 ) 3 . The rate of thermal decomposition of LiSnMe 3 in THF and the yield of LiSn(SnMe 3 ) 3 both are increased by the addition of 0.5 to 2 moles of HMPA per mole of lithium.
The importance of being choline.

Adiscussion of the importance of choline first appeared in the 7th edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances in 1968 (1); however, it was not until 1998 that an adequate intake was established for choline (2). At that time there was only a single study in normal men cited that provided evidence of a deleterious effect of a choline-deficient diet in humans (3); data on women, infants, children, and older individuals were not available. Since that publication, additional evidence has accumulated about potential deleterious effects of choline deficiencies in men and premenopausal and postmenopausal women (4-6). Scant data exist regarding choline needs of women during pregnancy and lactation or for infants and children, life stages when choline requirements might be expected to be increased. The review by Caudill (7) in this issue of the Journal adds to the discussion and argues the importance of choline during pregnancy and lactation for fetal and infant development and health.
Void growth and coalescence in anisotropic plastic solids

Large strain finite element calculations of unit cells subjected to triaxial axisymmetric loadings are presented for plastically orthotropic materials containing a periodic distribution of aligned spheroidal voids. The spatial distribution of voids and the plastic flow properties of the matrix are assumed to respect transverse isotropy about the axis of symmetry of the imposed loading so that a two-dimensional axisymmetric analysis is adequate. The parameters varied pertain to load triaxiality, matrix anisotropy, initial porosity and initial void shape so as to include the limiting case of penny-shaped cracks. Attention is focussed on comparing the individual and coupled effects of void shape and material anisotropy on the effective stress–strain response and on the evolution of microstructural variables. In addition, the effect of matrix anisotropy on the mode of plastic flow localization is discussed. From the results, two distinct regimes of behavior are identified: (i) at high triaxialities, the effect of material anisotropy is found to be persistent, unlike that of initial void shape and (ii) at moderate triaxialities the influence of void shape is found to depend strongly on matrix anisotropy. The findings are interpreted in light of recent, microscopically informed models of porous metal plasticity. Conversely, observations are made in relation to the relevance of these results in the development and calibration of a broader set of continuum damage mechanics models.
The Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

In this article, the authors provide a definition and discuss the diagnostic criteria for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). The article provides a discussion of the systemic etiological factors contributing to HSDD across several areas: individual psychological, individual biological, couple/dyadic factors, family-of-origin factors, and sociocultural factors. The authors also present an integrated treatment approach for this presenting problem based on the intersystems model. A case example is provided.
Ascorbate Absorption By Live Channel Catfish as a Function of Ascorbate Concentration, pH, and Duration of Exposure

Ascorbate uptake by muscle tissue of live channel catfish was affected by ascorbate concentrations (1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm), pH (5, 6, and 7) and duration of exposure (8, 16, and 24 hr.). The most favorable conditions for ascorbate absorption were exposure to 3000 ppm ascorbate at pH 5 for 24 hr. The increased muscle ascorbic acid concentration was 4-fold higher than that of the control group (10 ppm). The ability of live channel catfish to absorb dissolved ascorbate via gills and/or intestines and distribute the antioxidant into muscle tissue provides a new approach to introduce water-soluble antioxidants to aquacultured fish species.
Rational combinatorial library design. 3. Simulated annealing guided evaluation (SAGE) of molecular diversity: a novel computational tool for universal library design and database mining.

We have developed a novel method for molecular diversity sampling called SAGE (simulated annealing guided evaluation of molecular diversity). Compounds in chemical databases or virtual combinatorial libraries are conventionally represented as points in multidimensional descriptor space. The SAGE algorithm selects a desired number of optimally diverse points (compounds) from a database. The diversity of a subset of points is measured by a specially designed diversity function, and the most diverse subset is selected using Simulated Annealing (SA) as the optimization tool. Application of SAGE to two simulated data sets of randomly distributed points in two-dimensional space afforded diverse and representative selection as judged by visual inspection. SAGE was also applied, in comparison with random sampling, to two other simulated data sets with points distributed among many clusters. We found that SAGE sampling covered significantly more clusters than the random sampling. By defining a fraction of data poi...
Update on novel monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates for the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders

The year 1997 was pivotal in lymphoma research, as it was the year that the US FDA approved rituximab. Rituximab significantly altered clinical management and outcomes of patients with B-cell malignancies. Despite a high initial response rate, the majority of patients subsequently develop variable degrees of therapeutic resistance to rituximab. Research attempting to understand the mechanisms of rituximab resistance and potential ways to overcome them has given rise to the development of novel targeted immunotherapeutics. This article will update the readers on advances in bioengineering of monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates that target CD20, as well as other surface antigens. Some additional novel immunotherapeutics, including small modular immunopharmaceuticals, bispecific monoclonal antibodies, T-cell engaging antibodies and immunoconjugates, will also be discussed.
Use of avidin/biotin-liposome system for enhanced peritoneal drug delivery in an ovarian cancer model

The goal of this study was to determine the distribution of the avidin/biotin-liposome system in an ovarian cancer xenograft model. Optimal avidin/biotin-liposome injection sequence with enhanced liposome accumulation to the peritoneum was determined. Two weeks after NIH:OVCAR-3 cell inoculation, rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (B-A) (n=4), received an intraperitoneal injection of (99m)Tc-blue-biotin-liposomes 30 min before an intraperitoneal injection of avidin. Group 2 (A-B) (n=4), received an intraperitoneal injection of avidin 30 min before an intraperitoneal injection of (99m)Tc-blue-biotin-liposomes. Group 3 (A-B 2h) (n=5), received an intraperitoneal injection of avidin 2h before an intraperitoneal injection of (99m)Tc-blue-biotin-liposomes. Three additional non-tumor nude rats served as controls in each group, and were subjected to the same injection sequences. Scintigraphic imaging commenced at various times post (99m)Tc-blue-biotin-liposome injection. After imaging, rats were euthanized at 23 h post-liposome injection for tissue biodistribution. Images showed no apparent difference in liposome distribution between control and tumor animals. Regional uptake analysis at 4h for tumor rats showed significantly higher lymphatic channel uptake in the A-B 2h group (p<0.05) and a trend of increased peritoneal uptake in A-B group. By 22 h, peritoneal and lymphatic channel uptake was similar for all groups. At necropsy, most activity was found in blue-stained omentum, diaphragm, mediastinal and abdominal nodes. Bowel activity was minimal. These results correlate with previous normal rat studies, and demonstrate potential use of this avidin/biotin-liposome system for prolonging drug delivery to the peritoneal cavity and associating lymph nodes in this ovarian cancer xenograft model.
Electron spin resonance spin label studies of plasma fibronectin: Effect of temperature

Plasma fibronectin was chemically modified by 4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl (maleimide spin label). Only the free sulfhydryl groups of plasma fibronectin were modified by the label under the experimental conditions. The ESR spectrum of spin-labeled fibronectin showed that the sites of labeling were highly immobilized, suggesting that the sulfhydryl groups of the protein are in small, confined environments. The conversion of the strongly immobilized ESR spectrum into a weakly immobilized one was observed when the spin-labeled protein was heated from 30 to 60 degrees C, indicating the thermal unfolding of the protein molecules. The midpoint temperature for the thermal unfolding of plasma fibronectin is about 50 degrees C. The results suggest that plasma fibronectin is stable to about 40 degrees C and starts unfolding above this temperature. The rotational correlation time estimated from the ESR spectrum of spin-labeled fibronectin at 21 degrees C was about 2.0 X 10(-8) s. The rotational correlation time calculated from the Stokes-Einstein equation, assuming a rigid globular configuration for fibronectin with a Stokes radius of 10 nm, was about 7.8 X 10(-7) s. The differences in rotational correlation time by a factor of 39 between experimental and calculated values do not support a globular configuration for plasma fibronectin.
Operation and Performance of the CMS Level-1 Trigger during 7 TeV Collisions

Abstract The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been collecting data at center-of-mass energy 7 TeV since March 2010. CMS detects the products of LHC proton beams colliding at a rate of 40 MHz. The Level-1 trigger reduces this collision rate to an output rate of 100 kHz, which is forwarded to the High-Level trigger, a dedicated computer farm, which reduces that further to a rate of a few hundreds of Hz, suitable for storage of full event data. The Level-1 trigger uses high-speed custom electronics to combine information from electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters and three muon detection systems and identifies potential physics objects of interest in only a few microseconds. To ensure good performance of the Level-1 trigger hardware, robust configuration and monitoring software is also required. The talk and these proceedings concentrate on the performance of the Level-1 trigger in the 2010 and on-going 2011 collision runs, as well as presenting an overall picture of the hardware and operation.
Ken Wilson: A scientific appreciation

This brief retrospective is an overview and celebration of Kenneth Wilson’s profound contributions to science, meant to be accessible to a broad scientific audience. Wilson’s lecture on receipt of the 1982 Nobel Prize (1) gives a more technical and detailed description of his central work, including historical perspective and extensive references.
Design of a highly stable, high-conversion-efficiency, optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification system with good beam quality.

An optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA) design that provides 40% pump-to-signal conversion efficiency and over-500-mJ signal energy at 1054 nm for front-end injection into a Nd:glass amplifier chain is presented. This OPCPA system is currently being built as the prototype front end for the OMEGA EP (extended performance) laser system at the University of Rochester’s Laboratory for Laser Energetics. Using a three-dimensional spatial and temporal numerical model, several design considerations necessary to achieve high conversion efficiency, good output stability, and good beam quality are discussed. The dependence of OPCPA output on the pump beam’s spatiotemporal shape and the relative size of seed and pump beams is described. This includes the effects of pump intensity modulation and pump-signal walk-off. The trade-off among efficiency, stability, and low output beam intensity modulation is discussed.
Neural decoding with kernel-based metric learning

In studies of the nervous system, the choice of metric for the neural responses is a pivotal assumption. For instance, a well-suited distance metric enables us to gauge the similarity of neural responses to various stimuli and assess the variability of responses to a repeated stimulus-exploratory steps in understanding how the stimuli are encoded neurally. Here we introduce an approach where the metric is tuned for a particular neural decoding task. Neural spike train metrics have been used to quantify the information content carried by the timing of action potentials. While a number of metrics for individual neurons exist, a method to optimally combine single-neuron metrics into multineuron, or population-based, metrics is lacking. We pose the problem of optimizing multineuron metrics and other metrics using centered alignment, a kernel-based dependence measure. The approach is demonstrated on invasively recorded neural data consisting of both spike trains and local field potentials. The experimental paradigm consists of decoding the location of tactile stimulation on the forepaws of anesthetized rats. We show that the optimized metrics highlight the distinguishing dimensions of the neural response, significantly increase the decoding accuracy, and improve nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods for exploratory neural analysis.
The isothermal dust condensation of Nova Vulpeculae 1976

Nova Vulpeculae 1976 has been followed with broad-band photometry at wavelengths of 0.5 to 12.5 microns from day 3 to day 235. Three definite phases are identified. They are expanding pseudophotosphere, free-free expansion, and dust condensation. A very long (day 80 to day 220) period of isothermal infrared emission (temperature approximately 900 K) is accompanied by an exponential decrease in infrared luminosity and is interpreted in terms of continuous mass ejection in the nova wind.
Chemical constituents of eroded gun surfaces

Abstract A study has been made on the distribution of chemical constituents on eroded surfaces of retired guns using the instrument, PHI Model 548 ESCA/Auger with a SAM attachment. Three eroded gun tubes in progressive stages of corrosion were examined by Scanning Auger Microprobe. The elemental constituents were first established from Auger spectra of various sampling spots using a wide primary electron beam, and then Auger images of selected elements were obtained from a beam width approximately 5 μm. The chemical elements present on the top surface layer depend largely on the propellants used in firings. The prominent features of the eroded surface were extensive oxidation and severe thermal cracking. The heterogeneous distribution and the accumulation of the major elements which participated in the surface erosion are imaged and illustrated.
Determination of vitamin d in foods: A review

Determining vitamin D content in foods is difficult because in natural foods of highest vitamin D activity, and even in vitamin D-fortified foods, only small quantities are present, and many other compounds are extracted along with vitamin D that cause difficulties in purifying the extract or in the spectrophotometry or colorimetry that follows. Several physicochemical methods--such as spectrophotometric, colorimetric, thin-layer chromatographic, adsorption, partition, gas-liquid, and high-performance column chromatographic--have been tried for assay foods for vitamin D, but none of them have been accepted for official or routine use; they are time consuming and expensive, or lack the required sensitivity, precision, or accuracy. Curative biological assays, based on degree of healing of a leg bone of rats previously made rachitic, is the generally accepted method to determine vitamin D content of foods. However, that method also requires too much time and is expensive. The recently developed high-performance liquid chromatographic method may offer the most for establishing a satisfactory physicochemical method for determining vitamin D in foods. Many of the difficulties and problems in assaying foods for vitamin D are discussed.
"CON HUGO FUERTE Y CON VERLAINE AMBIGUO": EL REINO INTERIOR O LOS PELIGROSOS ITINERARIOS DEL DESEO EN RUBÉN DARÍO?

Es conocida la gran influencia de los poetas franceses de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX en los modernistas hispanoamericanos, Baudelaire por supuesto, y sin duda Paul Verlaine, quien fue, por cierto, el que mas influjo ejercio sobre Ruben Dario. Tal influjo, sin embargo, estuvo profundamente marcado por la ansiedad que la homosexualidad de Verlaine no dejo de suscitar en Dario. Como afirma Oscar Montero, la lectura que hace Dario “del legado del poeta simbolista frances [...] revela que el modernismo debia ser expurgado de los inquietantes signos de desviacion sexual que se vinculaban con la llamada escuela decadente que encabezaba Paul Verlaine, aunque de manera no oficial” (“Modernismo y homofobia” 164). Mi intencion aqui es demostrar que, puesto que la lectura que hace Dario de Verlaine atraviesa, articula y amuebla el propio reino interior del poeta nicaraguense, esa lectura no podia sino empantanarse entre la fascinacion y el panico. Verlaine es una figura pivotal en la poesia de Dario, no una exterioridad, y esto crea un espacio de friccion que desmantela los artificios retoricos a traves de los cuales Dario intenta mantener a raya, desde una distancia segura, su entusiasmo por el poeta frances. Asi, si bien es cierto que Dario emprende la purga a que se refiere Montero, tambien lo es que en el exito de ese cometido se interponia un obstaculo insalvable: los demonios verlaineanos no eran simplemente intrusos en el reino interior dariano, sino ciudadanos, invitados seductores a quienes el propio Dario –y a espaldas de si mismo– levanta las restricciones aduanales. Al traspasar el umbral de ese reino interior, veremos que la ansiedad que experimenta Dario frente a Verlaine es sintomatica, primero, de la emergencia del deseo homoerotico en la Hispanoamerica de fines del siglo XIX, y, segundo, de la emergencia del “panico homosexual”, en la frase de Sedgwick.1 En efecto, dice Sedgwick,
Effects of a Nutrient-Surfactant Compound on Solubilization Rates of TCE

BioTreatTM, a commercially available nutrient-surfactant compound, was investigated for its ability to solubilize TCE. Potential mechanisms for enhancing biodegradation rates by the use of nutrient-surfactant mixtures are: increased solubilization of TCE into the aqueous phase, and increased nutrients for the bacteria and greater numbers of colony forming units (CFUs). In aqueous systems, no measured solubilization of 0.1 and 1.0 ppm TCE from the headspace into the liquid phase was observed with BioTreat added at concentrations 0.05%.
Developmental abnormalities of the female reproductive tract: Pathogenesis and nosology†

Abstract Normal development of the female reproductive tract depends on complex interactions among genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors leading to proper differentiation of the Mullerian and Wolffian ducts and the urogenital sinus. Alterations in this balance may result in a wide spectrum of reproductive tract abnormalities including imperforate hymen, vaginal septa, vaginal atresia, incomplete Mullerian fusion, and Mullerian aplasia. These anomalies may be isolated or associated with other anomalies; abnormalities of the Mullerian duct and urogenital sinus are frequently associated with developmental lesions of the urinary tract. Most reproductive tract abnormalities are discovered during the evaluation of primary amenorrhea, infertility, pelvic pain, or a pelvic mass. We review here the pathogenesis and nosology of the developmental errors of the female reproductive tract.