cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF TISSUE MAINTENANCE : I. THE CHANGES WITH DIMINISHED BLOOD BULK

The spread through the living animal of various highly diffusible dyes has been utilized as an indicator of the ability of the circulation to serve the tissues under various conditions. The method is direct and searching. Blood service to the viscera, as demonstrated by it, is normally far more profuse than to the skin and muscles, for evident physiological reasons. After hemorrhages which greatly reduce the blood bulk service to the viscera is in general still well maintained even though the animal be in extremis. However great the compensatory contraction of the splanchnic vessels may be,-and physiologists have long supposed it to be very great,-it certainly does not suffice to hinder blood service anywhere in the digestive tract. On the other hand the service to certain unessential abdominal organs (spleen, omentum, urinary bladder) is cut off in large part or wholly; and in comparison with the essential viscera, the skin and most of the skeletal muscles of the bled animal are largely deprived of circulation. This neglect takes a curious form, some regions being still fairly served by the blood while others next them are no longer ministered to. In the skin the areas served, or not served, are highly irregular but are to some extent determined in situation by local pressure factors. Within the muscles the neglect is orderly in arrangement and is largely referable to compensatory vaso-constriction. Certain of the muscles, those used in respiration and in swallowing, furnish significant exceptions to the general rule, being excellently served despite the serious general state. The red bone marrow of the depleted organism continues to be well served by the blood even though situated in limbs that are, for the rest, almost devoid of a circulation. The pregnant uterus also is excellently maintained despite the serious general state. The changes are such as would tend to conserve the forces of the depleted organism and to contribute to its recovery.
Assessing Community Resilience An Application of the Expanded CART Survey Instrument With Affiliated Volunteer Responders

This article describes an application of the Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit Assessment Survey using a sample of affiliated volunteer responders. The Communities Advancing Resilience Toolk...
Review of Ian Dowbiggin, A Concise History of Euthanasia: Life, Death, God, and Medicine 1 and Neal Nicol and Harry Wylie, Between the Dying and the Dead: Dr. Jack Kevorkian's Life and the Battle to Legalize Euthanasia 2

Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide raise a myriad of ethical issues. While these two books explore some of the cultural and historical controversies of euthanasia and physician-assisted suic...
The use of an imagery mnemonic to teach the Krebs cycle.

The Krebs Cycle is a highly taught biochemical pathway that is traditionally difficult to learn. Twenty-seven undergraduate students were randomized to a rote memorization arm or to a mnemonic arm. They were given a pre-test, then shown a lecture corresponding to their assigned method, and then given an immediate Week 0 post-test and a Week 4 post-test. Groups scored comparably low on the pre-test (p = 0.7113). Students in the mnemonic arm performed better on the Week 0 post-test than those using rote (p = 0.0055). By Week 4, there was evidence of knowledge decay, with both arms' having comparably low scores (mnemonic vs. rote, p = 0.3739). The mnemonic assists in rapid acquisition of knowledge but probably has to be reviewed iteratively over time to demonstrate its full potential over rote memorization. A limited number of students from only one school was used. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44:224-229, 2016.
Transient respiratory augmentation elicited by acute head-down tilt in the anesthetized cat

Acute head-down tilt (AHDT, -30 degrees) in humans induces a transient ventilatory augmentation for 1-2 min accompanied by a high venous return. However, the mechanisms underlying this respiratory response remain obscure because of limitations of experiments carried out in human subjects. The present study was undertaken to determine whether AHDT-induced respiratory augmentation exists in the anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated cat and, if so, whether this response depends on 1) the cerebellum, 2) the carotid sinus (CS) and/or vagal afferents, and 3) elevation of central venous return. The integrated phrenic neurogram, arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure (CVP), and end-tidal PCO2 were recorded before, during, and after AHDT. The results showed that AHDT produced a transient ( approximately 2 min) enhancement of minute phrenic activity (approximately 30%) primarily via an increase in peak integrated phrenic neurogram amplitude associated with a remarkable elevation of CVP (approximately 3 min). Cerebellectomy, CS denervation, bilateral vagotomy, or clamping CVP did not affect the presence of the AHDT-induced minute phrenic activity response. These findings demonstrate that the anesthetized cat is a suitable model for investigating the mechanisms involved in AHDT-induced respiratory augmentation. Preliminary studies suggest that this response does not require the cerebellum, CS/vagal afferents, or an associated rise in central venous return.
Future of Health Care: Empowering Workers and Front Line Teams

Health care is the next major industry to undergo significant transformation as the Affordable Care Act gets implemented. This symposium will bring together leading scholars and professionals who a...
Continuous Representation of the Proton and Electron Kinetic Parameters in the pH–Potential Space for Water Oxidation on Hematite

Understanding the mechanisms of multielectron and multiproton electrochemical reactions, particularly in the context of solar-to-fuel water splitting, is an outstanding challenge. Historically, Pourbaix diagrams are used to show the influence of potential and pH on the thermodynamic stability of electrode–electrolyte systems. These diagrams do not carry kinetic or mechanistic information, which often restricts their use to cases in which the thermodynamic limit can be assumed. We introduce and construct from experimental data two new types of diagrams that demonstrate the kinetic variations of electrochemical reactions as a function of pH and potential. These diagrams show the variation of the electron-transfer parameter (α) and the proton reaction order (ρ) in a wide range of potential and pH. We present α(pH, E) and ρ(pH, E) for water electrolysis on an iron oxide electrode in the range of pH 7 to 13. In these plots, regions of acidic and basic mechanisms, relationship to surface protonation equilibria,...
Ab-initio Based Diffusive Studies of Plutonium with Relevance to Nuclear Waste Management

An approach to study the diffusion of plutonium (Pu) waste into the material of the storage containers is presented. The delta phase of Pu has been examined, in this article, using a spin and orbitally polarized ab-initio (full potential LMTO) approach [1, 2]. These computations are relatively inexpensive, and it is the intention to see if the results obtained would be satisfactory (compared to the accurate SIC-LDA computations [1-2]) for diffusive studies of Pu into the material of storage containers (for example, into FCC iron as a surrogate for steel [2]). The combination of LDA and spin and orbitally polarized LMTO calculations that we use successfully predict a delocalized 5f, (i.e. bonding) monoclinic ground state and a localized FCC excited state with a density about 8% greater than experiment (compared to the 30% error from pure LDA calculations by various groups [3-6]). The density of states is computed and compared to experimental photoemission studies; there is qualitative agreement. The spin, orbital and total magnetic moment for the FCC phase is computed; the results are qualitatively in agreement with those of other studies. An analytical method for studying the time-dependent diffusion of Pu across an interface with another atomic species is presented.
On the origins of narrative : Storyteller bias as a fitness-enhancing strategy.

Stories consist largely of representations of the human social environment. These representations can be used to influence the behavior of others (consider, e.g., rumor, propaganda, public relations, advertising). Storytelling can thus be seen as a transaction in which the benefit to the listener is information about his or her environment, and the benefit to the storyteller is the elicitation of behavior from the listener that serves the former’s interests. However, because no two individuals have exactly the same fitness interests, we would expect different storytellers to have different narrative perspectives and priorities due to differences in sex, age, health, social status, marital status, number of offspring, and so on. Tellingly, the folklore record indicates that different storytellers within the same cultural group tell the same story differently. Furthermore, the historical and ethnographic records provide numerous examples of storytelling deliberately used as a means of political manipulation. This evidence suggests that storyteller bias is rooted in differences in individual fitness interests, and that storytelling may have originated as a means of promoting these interests.
Basal area increment and growth efficiency as functions of canopy dynamics and stem mechanics

ABSTRACT. Crown and canopy structurecorrelate with growth efficiency and also determine stem size and taper as described by the uniform stress principle of stem formation. A regression model was derived from this principle that expresses basal area increment in terms of the amount and vertical distribution of leaf area and change in these variables during a growth period. This model was fit to data collected from five studies analyzing various effects of cultural practices, atmospheric deposition, and stand density on the growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), slash pine (P. eiliottit7, or lodgepole pine (P. contorts). For both southern pines, the model was fit to individual-tree data and plot totals measured on 1- to 4-yr-old trees and from 12- to 20-yr-old trees. The model was also fit to data measured on approximately 90-yr- old lodgepole pine trees in northern Utah. The model explained an average of 85% of the variation in individual-tree basal area increment and an average of 86% of variation in gross basal area increment per hectare. By comparison, leaf area alone explained an average of 54% of the variation in the increment of individual-tree stem volume and an average of 50% of the gross increment in stem volume per hectare.Thevalue of the exponent in the model implicates stem mechanics in stem growth, and fitted exponents were all within 7% of the exponent derived from the uniform stress model. lsolines of basal area increment and basal area growth efficiency based on fitted equations indicate that increments in the product of leaf area and height to center of leaf area must increase yearly for either basal area increment or growth efficiency to be constant with age. FOR. SCI. 50(1):106-116. Key Words: Leaf area, growth, wood properties, stem mechanics, uniform stress principle.
The Mistreatment of Others: Discrimination Can Undermine University Identification, Student Health, and Engagement

Past research documents the extent that discrimination experiences and observations can undermine people’s health and performance. In addition to discrimination’s direct consequence for targets, discrimination implicates the morality of the larger community where it occurs. Perceptions of community morality could predict community identification that, in turn, could predict health and performance. To test this serial mediation hypothesis, 615 second- and third-year university undergraduates reported the frequency of discrimination observations and experiences. Students’ perceptions of the university community’s morality mediated the relationship between discrimination and the extent that they identified with the university. In turn, university identification mediated the relationship between university morality and students’ academic engagement and mental health. However, only university morality reliably mediated the relationship between discrimination and physical health. Discrimination can affect the health and engagement of all community members, even observers who are not part of the targeted group.
Morphoregulatory pathways in prostate ductal development.

The mouse prostate is a male sex-accessory gland comprised of a branched ductal network arranged into three separate bilateral lobes: the anterior, dorsolateral, and ventral lobes. Prostate ductal development is the primary morphogenetic event in prostate development and requires a complex regulation of spatiotemporal factors. This review provides an overview of prostate development and the major genetic regulators and signaling pathways involved. To identify new areas for further study, we briefly highlight the likely important, but relatively understudied, role of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Finally, we point out the potential importance of the ECM in influencing the behavior and prognosis of prostate cancer. Developmental Dynamics 246:89–99, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood pressure normalization via pharmacotherapy improves cutaneous microvascular function through NO-dependent and NO-independent mechanisms.

Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. Objective: To assess effects of antihypertensive pharmacotherapy on eNOS-and iNOS-dependent mechanisms and maximal vasodilator capacity in the cutaneous microvasculature. Methods: Intradermal microdialysis fibers were placed in 15 normotensive (SBP 111±2 mm Hg), 12 unmedicated hypertensive (SBP 142±2 mm Hg), and 12 medicated hypertensive (SBP 120±2 mm Hg) subjects. Treatments were control, iNOS-inhibited (1400w), and NOS-inhibited (l-NAME). Red cell flux, measured during local heating (42°C) and ACh dose-response protocols, was normalized to CVC (flux MAP-1) and a percentage of maximal vasodilation (%CVCmax). Results: Compared to normotensives, ACh-mediated vasodilation was attenuated in the hypertensive (P<.001), but not in medicated subjects (P=.83). NOS inhibition attenuated ACh-mediated vasodilation in normotensives compared to hypertensive (P<.001) and medicated (P<.001) subjects. With iNOS inhibition, there was no difference in ACh-mediated vasodilation between groups. Compared to the normotensives, local heat-induced vasodilation was attenuated in the hypertensives (P<.001), but iNOS inhibition augmented vasodilation in the hypertensives so this attenuation was abolished (P=.31). Compared to normotensives, maximal vasodilator capacity was reduced in the hypertensive (P=.014) and medicated subjects (P=.004). Conclusions: In the cutaneous microvasculature, antihypertensive pharmacotherapy improved endothelial function through NO-dependent and NO-independent mechanisms, but did not improve maximal vasodilator capacity.
Designing Towards Maximum Motivation and Engagement in an Interactive Speech Therapy Game

Children with speech impairments often find speech curriculums tedious, limiting how often children are motivated to practice. A speech therapy game has the potential to make practice fun, may help facilitate increased time and quality of at-home speech therapy, and lead to improved speech. We explore using conversational real-time speech recognition, game methodologies theorized to improve immersion and flow, and user centered approaches to design an immersive interactive speech therapy solution. Our preliminary user evaluation showed that compared to traditional methods, children were more motivated to practice speech using our system.
Methamphetamine Use and Emergency Department Utilization: 20 Years Later

Background. Methamphetamine (MAP) users present to the emergency department (ED) for myriad reasons, including trauma, chest pain, and psychosis. The purpose of this study is to determine how their prevalence, demographics, and resource utilization have changed. Methods. Retrospective review of MAP patients over 3 months in 2016. Demographics, mode of arrival, presenting complaints, disposition, and concomitant cocaine/ethanol use were compared to a 1996 study at the same ED. Results. 638 MAP-positive patients, 3,013 toxicology screens, and 20,203 ED visits represented an increase in prevalence compared to 1996: 461 MAP-positive patients, 3,102 screens, and 32,156 visits. MAP patients were older compared to the past. Mode of arrival was most frequently by ambulance but at a lower proportion than 1996, as was the proportion of MAP patients with positive cocaine toxicology screens and ethanol coingestion. Admission rate was lower compared to the past, as was discharge to jail. The proportion of MAP patients presenting with blunt trauma was lower compared to the past and higher for chest pain. Conclusion. A significant increase in the prevalence of MAP-positive patients was found. Differences in presenting complaints and resource utilization may reflect the shifting demographics of MAP users, as highlighted by an older patient population relative to the past.
High Precision Measurements Lend No Supporting Evidence of Previously Reported Large Verdet Constants for Olive Oil

Motivated by a previous report of surprisingly large Verdet constant measurements for olive oil at 633 nm and 650 nm (Shakir, et. al., 2013), and the practical utility of materials possessing such large values, we considered it worthwhile to validate those results. In this work, high precision Faraday rotation measurements were performed utilizing ac magnetic fields, phase sensitive detection, and a collection of diode lasers. Specifically, we measured the dispersion of the Verdet constant for a single brand of olive oil from 410 nm to 675 nm. In addition, we determined the Verdet constant for eight different samples of olive oil at 654 nm, very near the wavelength where the “anomalous” results, i.e. large Verdet constants, were reported. Our measurements of the Faraday rotations, and hence the determination of the respective Verdet constants, call into question those previously reported measurements. Generally, our results suggest that their experimental technique most likely led to inaccurate results for all five of the Verdet constant values they reported.
Exploring Diversity through Multimodality, Narrative, and Dialogue: A Framework for Teacher Reflection, by McVee, M. B., & Boyd, F. B.: (2016). New York, NY: Taylor and Francis. $49.95 (paperback). ISBN: 978-1138901070

The school population in U.S. classrooms is becoming increasingly diverse with students of differing racial, ethnic, cultural, and religious backgrounds. While the student demographic is projected ...
Managing Climate Change in South Asia

Climate change which is caused mainly by greenhouse gas emissions and consequent global warming has been one of the main subjects of discussion at many international conferences following the Rio Earth Summit held in 1992. It has come to be clearly recognized among the scientific community that a great many of the climate disasters that occur frequently now are man-made, mainly through excessive emissions of greenhouse gases. It is also recognized that climate change impacts adversely on all countries worldwide but does so especially harshly on the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These latter include the massive populations that reside in South Asia—a situation worsened by the substantial presence of extreme poverty and food and water insecurity prevalent in most of these countries. Additionally, there are low-lying areas in the island nations and many other coastal areas in South Asia that are vulnerable to sea level rise. Climate change in the form of temperature extremes, altered precipitation patterns, and deficit monsoons now being frequently experienced in this region are unfortunately projected to continue and worsen causing a major challenge to social and economic progress in the region.
Requirements, Methods and Research Issues for Modeling the Product Realization Process

This paper presents a bottom up introduction to process modeling requirements for product realization which should drive new methods and computer tools. Though relatively high-level and organizational in scope, these models are attracting interest among design engineers, system engineers and technical managers whose decisions affect the complex downstream task interactions that cross organizational boundaries. A recent study of industrial usage, industrial requirements, and research issues is presented.
Legendre Functions Whose Gradients Map Convex Sets to Convex Sets

We show that a differentiable function on a Banach space of dimension at least two has an affine gradient provided the gradient is continuous and one-to-one and maps convex sets to convex sets.
Migration of Salmonella Enteritidis Phage Type 30 through Almond Hulls and Shells

The ability of Salmonella to migrate from an external aqueous environment through the almond hull and shell, and to colonize the kernel, was evaluated in two ways. First, the outer surface of shell halves from five varieties of almonds that differed in shell hardness were placed in contact with a suspension of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 30 for 24hat24°C. Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated from the inside of these almond shells in 46 and 100% of the samples, by direct swabbing of the inner surface of the shell and by enrichment from the swab, respectively. These findings suggested that hardness of the shell is not a significant factor in the migration of the pathogen through that tissue. In addition, both motile and nonmotile strains of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium migrated through the almond shells to the same extent under the conditions of this assay, indicating that bacterial migration through the wet shell may be a passive process. Second, whole almonds (intact hull, shell, ...
Effects of cytokinins on fungus development and host response in powdery mildew of barley

Epidermal tissues partially dissected from colcoptiles of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) were inoculated with Erysiphe graminis (DC) Merat f. sp. hordei Em. Marchai to test the effects of cytokinins on fungus development and the hypersensitive reaction (HR). Kinetin at 10 −5 to 10 −4 M applied 16h after inoculation accelerated HR in an incompatible host-parasite combination and doubled the number of cells that died at each infection site, suggesting that kinetin had increased the spread of killing factors beyond the cells that contained primary haustoria. With a compatible host-parasite combination, kinetin applied at 16 h after inoculation decreased initiation of hyphae at 10 −5 to 10 −4 m and decreased hyphal growth at 10 −6 to 10 −4 M . Kinetin applied at inoculation slowed haustorium development, interfered with haustorium differentiation and decreased the number of secondary haustoria formed by hyphal colonies. The central bodies of haustoria were enlarged and spherical, indicating that kinetin had interfered with the normal elongation processes of the bodies. Zeatin had no effects on either fungus development or HR.. Kinetin inhibited appressorium formation apart from the host on nitrocellulose membranes, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of kinetin on fungus development were direct rather than through the host.
Women's & Gender Studies Journal Database: A Rutgers Experience

Abstract The Women's & Gender Studies Journal Database (WGSJD) at Rutgers University is a user-oriented, discipline-based database that provides quick access to journal titles available online. It is also a union list of journal titles, print and online, in the area of women's and gender studies at Rutgers University Libraries. The author describes this database and its value-added service in the context of Rutgers University Libraries' information system. Discussion also includes its advantages and disadvantages, the changing roles and areas of responsibilities for subject selectors, and how the database fits into future developments of the library's information system. Serials Review 2002; 28:261–266.
Pockets of Excellence: Teacher Beliefs and Behaviors That Lead to High Student Achievement at Low Achieving Schools:

This qualitative multiple case study examined the beliefs and behaviors of three teachers who worked at former Reading First Schools and whose student population consistently scored 10% above state...
Modulation of CrbS-dependent activation of the acetate switch in Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae controls the pathogenicity of interactions with arthropod hosts via the activity of the CrbS/R two-component system. This signaling pathway regulates the consumption of acetate, which in turn alters the relative virulence of interactions with arthropods, including Drosophila melanogaster CrbS is a histidine kinase that links a transporter-like domain to its signaling apparatus via putative STAC and PAS domains. CrbS and its cognate response regulator are required for the expression of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthetase (product of acs), which converts acetate to acetyl-CoA. We demonstrate that the STAC domain of CrbS is required for signaling in culture; without it, acs transcription is reduced in LB medium, and V. cholerae cannot grow on acetate minimal media. However, the strain remains virulent toward Drosophila and expresses acs similarly to the wild type during infection. This suggests that there is a unique signal or environmental variable that modulates CrbS in the gastrointestinal tract of Drosophila Second, we present evidence in support of CrbR, the response regulator that interacts with CrbS, binding directly to the acs promoter, and we identify a region of the promoter that CrbR may target. We further demonstrate that nutrient signals, together with the cAMP receptor protein (CRP)-cAMP system, control acs transcription, but regulation may occur indirectly, as CRP-cAMP activates the expression of the crbS and crbR genes. Finally, we define the role of the Pta-AckA system in V. cholerae and identify redundancy built into acetate excretion pathways in this pathogen.IMPORTANCE CrbS is a member of a unique family of sensor histidine kinases, as its structure suggests that it may link signaling to the transport of a molecule. However, mechanisms through which CrbS senses and communicates information about the outside world are unknown. In the Vibrionaceae, orthologs of CrbS regulate acetate metabolism, which can, in turn, affect interactions with host organisms. Here, we situate CrbS within a larger regulatory framework, demonstrating that crbS is regulated by nutrient-sensing systems. Furthermore, CrbS domains may play various roles in signaling during infection and growth in culture, suggesting a unique mechanism of host recognition. Finally, we define the roles of additional pathways in acetate flux, as a foundation for further studies of this metabolic nexus point.
The Impulse to Record: The Neorealist Style

The documentary-inspired realist style has emerged as the dominant aesthetic mode of Chinese art cinema. Cross-fertilized with the New Documentary movement, the neorealist cinematic style resonated with the zeitgeist of the 1990s. The rise to fame of Jia Zhangke, one of the most accomplished neorealist practitioners, testified to the opening up of the general film field as well as the diversification of the art film practice. Jia’s Xiao Wu (1997) and Platform (2000) illustrate the main qualities of the cinematic neorealism: unpolished raw aesthetics, long-shot and long-take minimalism, formalist screen composition, and de-dramatized narrative. His later works, such as The World (2004), Still Life (2006) and 24 City (2008), also incorporate elements that challenge the boundary between reality and fiction.
A Randomized Trial of Combined tDCS Over Right Inferior Frontal Cortex and Cognitive Bias Modification: Null Effects on Drinking and Alcohol Approach Bias.

Background Deriving novel treatments for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is of critical importance, as existing treatments are only modestly effective for reducing drinking. Two promising strategies for treating AUDs include cognitive bias modification (CBM) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). While each strategy has shown positive results in reducing drinking or alcohol-related constructs (e.g., craving), initial tests of the combination of CBM and tDCS have shown mixed results. The present study investigated the degree to which combining CBM and tDCS (2.0 mA anodal current over F10) could reduce alcohol approach biases and alcohol consumption. Methods Seventy-nine at-risk drinkers were randomized to 1 of 4 conditions in a 2 × 2 factorial design: verum CBM/verum tDCS, verum CBM/sham tDCS, sham CBM/verum tDCS, or sham CBM/sham tDCS. Participants completed a baseline assessment of alcohol approach bias and drinking quantity/frequency (i.e., drinks per drinking day [DDD] and percent heavy drinking days [PHDD]), 4 sessions of combined CBM and tDCS, and follow-up assessments of approach bias and alcohol consumption. Results Results indicated that while participants did demonstrate significant alcohol approach biases at baseline, neither CBM, tDCS, nor the interaction reduced the bias at the follow-up. In addition, there was evidence of a trend toward reducing DDD from baseline to the 1-week/1-month follow-ups, but there was no significant effect of the intervention on either DDD or PHDD. Conclusions These results partially replicated null results presented in similar CBM/tDCS trials and suggest that this combination, at least with anodal stimulation over dorsolateral or inferior frontal sites, may have limited utility to reduce drinking.
Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain.

Imaging techniques that reflect dynamic bone turnover may aid in characterizing a wide range of bone pathologies. Bone is a dynamic tissue undergoing continuous remodeling with the competing activity of osteoblasts, which produce the new bone matrix, and osteoclasts, whose function is to eliminate mineralized bone. [18F]-NaF is a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer that enables visualization of bone metabolism. [18F]-NaF is chemically absorbed into hydroxyapatite in the bone matrix by osteoblasts and can thus noninvasively detect osteoblastic activity, which is occult to conventional imaging techniques. Kinetic modeling of dynamic [18F]-NaF-PET data provides detailed quantitative measures of bone metabolism. Conventional semi-quantitative PET data, which utilizes standardized uptake values (SUVs) as a measure of radiotracer activity, is referred to as a static technique due to its snapshot of tracer uptake in time. Kinetic modeling, however, utilizes dynamic image data where tracer levels are continuously acquired providing tracer uptake temporal resolution. From the kinetic modeling of dynamic data, quantitative values like blood flow and metabolic rate (i.e., potentially informative metrics of tracer dynamics) can be extracted, all with respect to the measured activity in the image data. When combined with dual modality PET-MRI, region-specific kinetic data can be correlated with anatomically registered high-resolution structural and pathologic information afforded by MRI. The goal of this methodological manuscript is to outline detailed techniques for performing and analyzing dynamic [18F]-NaF-PET-MRI data. The lumbar facet joint is a common site of degenerative arthritis disease and a common cause for axial low back pain. Recent studies suggest [18F]-NaF-PET may serve as a useful biomarker of painful facetogenic disease. The human lumbar facet joint will, therefore, be used as a prototypical region of interest for dynamic [18F]-NaF-PET-MRI analysis in this manuscript.
Inflammatory properties of diet mediate the effect of depressive symptoms on Framingham risk score in men and women: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2014).

Abstract Depression is common in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated with inflammation. Inflammation contributes to the development of CVD and can be modulated by diet. However, the role of inflammatory properties of diet in the relationship between depressive symptoms and CVD risk is not well understood. We hypothesized that the inflammatory properties of diet mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and CVD risk in men and women. Cross-sectional data collected by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2014) were used for the study. Depressive symptoms scores, inflammatory properties of diet, and CVD risk were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and the Framingham risk score (FRS), respectively. Generalized linear models were used for the mediation analysis. There were significant differences in the proportions of men and women in the depressed group (PHQ-9 ≥ 10; 5.24 ± 0.65% vs 9.36 ± 0.87%, P 20%; 16.47 ± 0.79% vs 6.03 ± 0.32%, P
Shoup: Parking and the City

Donald Shoup has been laser focused on parking for decades. In 2005 he published The High Cost of Free Parking, which at 750 pages may have seemed like the last word about this issue. It wasn’t, an...
Discrete nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger systems: Integrability, inverse scattering and solitons

A number of integrable nonlocal discrete nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) type systems have been recently proposed. They arise from integrable symmetry reductions of the well-known Ablowitz–Ladik scattering problem. The equations include: the classical integrable discrete NLS equation, integrable nonlocal: PT symmetric, reverse space time (RST), and the reverse time (RT) discrete NLS equations. Their mathematical structure is particularly rich. The inverse scattering transforms (IST) for the nonlocal discrete PT symmetric NLS corresponding to decaying boundary conditions was outlined earlier. In this paper, a detailed study of the IST applied to the PT symmetric, RST and RT integrable discrete NLS equations is carried out for rapidly decaying boundary conditions. This includes the direct and inverse scattering problem, symmetries of the eigenfunctions and scattering data. The general linearization method is based on a discrete nonlocal Riemann–Hilbert approach. For each discrete nonlocal NLS equation, an explicit one soliton solution is provided. Interestingly, certain one soliton solutions of the discrete PT symmetric NLS equation satisfy nonlocal discrete analogs of discrete elliptic function/Painleve-type equations.
Towards Finite File Packetizations in Wireless Device-to-Device Caching Networks

We consider wireless device-to-device (D2D) caching networks with single-hop transmissions. Previous work has demonstrated that caching and coded multicasting can significantly increase per user throughput. However, the state-of-the-art coded caching schemes for D2D networks are generally impractical because content files are partitioned into an exponential number of packets with respect to the number of users if both library and memory sizes are fixed. In this paper, we present two combinatorial approaches of D2D coded caching network design with reduced packetizations and desired throughput gain compared to the conventional uncoded unicasting. The first approach uses a “hypercube” design, where each user caches a “hyperplane” in this hypercube and the intersections of “hyperplanes” represent coded multicasting codewords. In addition, we extend the hypercube approach to a decentralized design. The second approach uses the Ruzsa-Szemeredi graph to define the cache placement. Disjoint matchings on this graph represent coded multicasting codewords. Both approaches yield an exponential reduction of packetizations while providing a per-user throughput that is comparable to the state-of-the-art designs in the literature. Furthermore, we apply spatial reuse to the new D2D network designs to further reduce the required packetizations and significantly improve per user throughput for some parameter regimes.
The U.S. Dollar in Global Money Markets: A Multivariate Cointegration Analysis

This study extends the money market integration literature in two ways. First, it analyzes dollar yield behavior within a multivariate cointegration framework as opposed to the usual bilateral approach based on stock adjustment models of Granger/Sims causality test variants. Second, the relationships between dollar yields in four different geographic markets--domestic U.S. (New York), Eurodollar (London), Singapore and Hong Kong--are analyzed, providing a more global perspective than earlier studies. The results indicate that 1) simple autoregressive models are inadequate for studying interest rate relationships because the series are cointegrated, and 2) bivariate analysis of money market time series may yield misleading results.
Trajectories of Opioid Coverage After Long-Term Opioid Therapy Initiation Among a National Cohort of US Veterans.

Purpose The objective of this study was to identify the trajectories that patients take after initiating long-term opioid therapy (LTOT). Materials and methods Using a retrospective cohort design, veterans with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) initiating LTOT were identified. Group-based trajectory models were used to identify opioid therapy trajectories based on days of opioid supply (primary outcome) and average daily morphine milligram equivalent dose (AMME; secondary outcome) in each 180-day period following initiation of LTOT. Results A total of 438,398 veterans with CNCP initiated LTOT. Nine trajectories were identified: 33.7% with persistent, high days covered, 17.7% with persistent, moderate days covered, 16.6% with slow, persistent days-covered reduction, 2.4% with days-covered reduction followed by increase, 4.6% with delayed days-covered reduction, 4.1% with rapid days-covered reduction, 10.9% with moderate-paced discontinuation, 3.4% with delayed discontinuation, and 6.5% with rapid discontinuation. Patients following discontinuation trajectories were more likely to be younger, persons of color, use more supportive services (eg, physical therapy), and received less opioid days' supply and lower doses prior to initiating LTOT as compared to patients following persistent opioid days-covered trajectories. AMME trajectories were similar to days-covered trajectories. Conclusion Among persons initiating LTOT, nine opioid trajectories emerged which can be broadly characterized into three main trajectory groups: persistent opioid therapy (2 trajectories), reductions in opioid therapy (4 trajectories), and discontinuation (3 trajectories). A majority of patients (51.4%) maintained persistent opioid therapy. Further research is needed to assess the risks of opioid-related adverse outcomes among the identified trajectories.
Hiring Student Graphic Designers: Benefits, Challenges, and Lessons Learned

This article explores the benefits and challenges of utilizing students as part-time employees to create graphic design materials for academic libraries' promotional needs. The authors describe their experience recruiting students through faculty recommendations, onboarding new hires, and the project management lifecycle for graphic design work.
In praise of Arab ‘Defeat’: another reading of Arab struggle

This article seeks to detach the 2011 Arab uprisings from an ontology of revolution and resistance that relegates them only to a discourse of success and failure. While the grievances of street mob...
Top-Down Cognitive-Based Interventions for Military Sexual Trauma

Psychotherapy treatment for active duty members is organized by the Department of Defense (DOD) and for veteran service members, the Veterans Administration (VA). However, under some circumstances, active duty service members can also seek treatment through the VA. According to the VA website, the recommended treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is through the use of a form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) called cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and exposure therapy in the form of a treatment called prolonged exposure (PE). Both of these treatment modalities are evidenced based and manualized where a clinician must adhere to the strict guidelines for each session that have been demonstrated through empirical studies to be effective.
Control of Basal Sprout Regrowth on Crapemyrtle with NAA

Abstract Inhibition of basal sprout development on Lagerstroemia indica L. × fauriei Koehne ‘Natchez’ and L. indica L. ‘Country Red’ was achieved with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) applied as a directed trunk spray or in a lanolin paste. A directed trunk spray was more effective than lanolin paste application in reducing sprout number and dry weight; plant height of ‘Country Red’, but not ‘Natchez’ crapemyrtle, was reduced by spray application compared to lanolin paste application or the control. Sprout number and dry weight of both crapemyrtle cultivars, shoot dry weight of both cultivars sprayed, and plant height of sprayed ‘Country Red’ crapemyrtle decreased with increasing NAA rate. NAA rate did not affect shoot dry weight of either cultivar or height of ‘Country Red’ crapemyrtle treated with NAA in a lanolin paste. Height of ‘Natchez’ crapemyrtle treated by either method of application was not affected by NAA rate.
Equity Participations, Hold-up, and Firm Boundaries

Equity participations affect the hold-up problem in two ways. On the one hand, they allow to reduce the externality that is created ex-post by hold-up. On the other hand, they change the bargaining positions by partially internalizing the threat of walking away from the bargaining. It turns out that, for firms that are run by professional managers and that bear the costs of the relevant investments, the bargaining effect is the more important. In some cases, it even allows to achieve complete efficiency. In particular, with one-sided dependency, a 50% participation gives full efficiency. In the case of bilateral dependency, the unique efficient solution is equivalent to a merger. This basis for determining optimal firm boundaries is essentially one of incentive design, as suggested by Holmstrom (1999), rather than property rights. The theory also shows how joint ventures can sometimes realize the benefits of equity participations, while avoiding some concurrent problems.
Later Mover (Nonpioneer) Advantage

Later mover (or nonpioneer) advantage results from the challenges faced by first movers and the associated opportunities created for later movers. First movers face five key disadvantages relative to later entrants: free-rider effects, technological discontinuities, missing consumers' ideal point, shifting consumer tastes, and incumbent inertia. Rewards for first movers are much lower than reported in studies initially supporting a first-mover advantage. First movers long-term survival rate is 36%, average market share is 6%, and market leadership rate is 9%. Overall, both first movers and later entrants should not expect that entry timing alone will be a major factor in either firm's long-term success. Instead, all firms should focus on persistently developing their new products and new markets, and then relentlessly innovating and pursuing associated market opportunities to capitalize on their past successes. Keywords: first-mover advantage; pioneer advantage; late mover advantage; market entry; entry timing; launching new products; marketing strategy; competition; competitive strategy
State of the Art of Level Set Methods in Segmentation and Registration of Medical Imaging Modalities

Segmentation of medical images is an important step in various applications such as visualization, quantitative analysis and image-guided surgery. Numerous segmentation methods have been developed in the past two decades for extraction of organ contours on medical images. Low-level segmentation methods, such as pixel-based clustering, region growing, and filter-based edge detection, require additional pre-processing and post-processing as well as considerable amounts of expert intervention or information of the objects of interest. Furthermore, the subsequent analysis of segmented objects is hampered by the primitive, pixel or voxel level representations from those region-based segmentation [1]. Deformable models, on the other hand, provide an explicit representation of the boundary and the shape of the object. They combine several desirable features such as inherent connectivity and smoothness,which counteract noise and boundary irregularities, as well as the ability to incorporate knowledge about the object of interest [2, 3, 4]. However, parametric deformablemodels have two main limitations. First, in situations where the initial model and desired object boundary differ greatly in size and shape, the model must be reparameterized dynamically to faithfully recover the object boundary. The second limitation
Stereospecific multiple isotopic labeling of benzyl alcohol.

Isotopically labeled enzymatic substrates and biological metabolites are useful for many mechanistic analyses, particularly the study of kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects, determining the stereospecificity of enzymes, and resolving metabolic pathways. Here, we present the one-pot synthesis, purification, and kinetic analysis of 7R-[2H]-phenyl-[14C]-benzyl alcohol. The procedure involves a chemoenzymatic synthesis that couples formate dehydrogenase to alcohol dehydrogenase with a catalytic amount of nicotinamide cofactor. The reaction goes to completion overnight, and the measurement of a competitive kinetic isotope effect on the enzymatic oxidation of the purified product identified no 1H contamination. This measurement is very sensitive to such isotopic contamination and verified the high level of isotopic and enantiomeric purity yielded by the new synthetic procedure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.