cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finding Boundless Creativity Within the Boundaries of Authority: A Creational Leadership Model

Using both a religious and secular example, this article seeks to understand the intersection between authority and creativity in leadership. A hermeneutic of semantic theory guided the analysis of the early chapters of Genesis, supporting the use of these two attributes in effective leadership. By allow- ing the world to be very good and yet not perfect, God offers humanity the potential to use authority and creativity in a way that reflects His own character. The prohibition that God establishes enhances rather than hinders humanity’s potential for authority and creativity by framing a context for these at- tributes to grow. Additionally, the contemporary leadership analysis suggests the importance of under- standing how authority, power, creativity, and freedom are associated with both leadership and follow- ership. Here, again, the literature suggests that a boundary marking authority is needed for the fullest expression of creativity to occur. The question naturally arises as to what occurs when there are vary- ing levels of authority and creativity in an organizational context. These varying levels result in the development of a model of leadership that seeks to understand the dimensions of Order and Freedom in four typologies measuring the degree of authority and creativity in organizational contexts and rec- ommends a greater balance between authority and creativity for both leadership and followership.
Who's Your Daddy? A Study of Extra-Pair Copulation and Mating Behaviors of Protonotaria citrea

Mating behavior has a profound impact on reproductive success and the resulting genetic structure of offspring. Extra-pair copulation is a widely observed behavior within avian species. This study explored the genetic effects of mating behaviors of Prothonotary warblers, Protonotaria citrea (Parulidae), using co-dominant microsatellite markers. Prothonotary warblers are migratory songbirds that build nests in cavities, commonly found in wetland habitats. A set of artificial nest boxes were initiated by Dr Robert Reilly in 2002 in Dutch Gap, Chesterfield County Virginia, USA, a tidal tributary off the James River. From this population, 28 nest boxes were surveyed yielding 47 adults and 110 offspring. All individuals were genotyped and the multilocus genotypes were used to identify parentage. Using paternity exclusion, 27.2% of offspring were identified as resulting from extra-pair mating. Surprisingly, an additional 11.8% of offspring were classified as genetically unrelated to the resident female, being presumably the result of an egg dumping from a female not caught at the nest box. The vast majority of nest boxes, 82.1% in this study, had at least one offspring that was a result of a mating behavior outside of the social pair. There was also positive spatial autocorrelation in extra-pair paternity suggesting that these matings are not randomly distributed across the sampling landscape. These data show that Protonotaria citrea engage in both extra-pair copulations and nest parasitism. Whether this is normal mating behavior for the species, or something that is unique to this population is unknown.
The Experiences of Lesbian and Bisexual Women in College Residence Halls

SUMMARY In-depth interviews were conducted with ten lesbian and bisexual women university students to learn about their experiences living in college residence halls. Many of the women reported experiencing a hostile environment as a result of direct and indirect harassment and lack of support from roommates, resident assistants, and other residents. Participants also reported supportive factors that helped to make the environment more comfortable. In particular, these students appreciated residence life staff who actively confronted homophobic acts and showed their support by providing information on lesbian, gay, and bisexual topics. Interviewees provided suggestions for improving the climate in residence halls and for training residence hall staff to work more effectively with lesbian, gay, and bisexual students. Implications are offered for addressing homophobia and heterosexism in women's residence halls.
Studies on a new cross-axis coil planet centrifuge for performing counter-current chromatography. II. Path and acceleration of coils and comparison with type J coil planet centrifuge.

Abstract A comprehensive approach is introduced using parametric equations to describe the motion induced by type J and cross-axis type coil planet centrifuges. The plots of a line parallel to the coil axis are given. The centrifugal forces are then analyzed in two ways. Three-dimensional graphs show their geometry and the relative intensity of the lateral component is compared to that of the perpendicular component. This allowed a better understanding of the differences in paths and acceleration fields induced by the two types of counter- current chromatography devices.
Self-adapting software for numerical linear algebra library routines on clusters

This article describes the context, design, and recent development of the LAPACK for Clusters (LFC) project. It has been developed in the framework of Self-Adapting Numerical Software (SANS) since we believe such an approach can deliver the convenience and ease of use of existing sequential environments bundled with the power and versatility of highly-tuned parallel codes that execute on clusters. Accomplishing this task is far from trivial as we argue in the paper by presenting pertinent case studies and possible usage scenarios.
On Using RSA with Low Exponent in a Public Key Network

We consider the problem of solving systems of equations Pi(x) ? 0 (mod ni) i = 1... k where Pi are polynomials of degree d and the ni are distinct relatively prime numbers and x d(d+1)/2 we can recover x in polynomial time provided ni ? 2k. This shows that RSA with low exponent is not a good alternative to use as a public key cryptosystem in a large network. It also shows that a protocol by Broder and Dolev [4] is insecure if RSA with low exponent is used.
Device closure of congenital (perimembranous and muscular) and acquired ventricular septal defects using the amplatzer devices: Percutaneous and perventricular techniques

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) accounts for approximately 20% of all forms of congenital heart disease. The conventional treatment has been the surgical closure of these defects. Percutaneous closure of VSD had been attempted in the past but it was not until the development of Amplatzer Muscular VSD occluder device that the higher closure rates and safety of the procedure made it an attractive alternative to the surgical closure. Amplatzer VSD devices have also been designed to close perimembranous and post infarction muscular VSDs and the results have been encouraging. In addition to the percutaneous conventional approach, an intraoperative (perventricular) technique has been developed to allow safe VSD closure with Amplatzer devices in small infants with poor vascular access avoiding the need of cardiopulmonary bypass or in infants with concomitant cardiac defects requiring surgical repair. In this review the transcatheter VSD closure with Amplatzer VSD occluders will be discussed for each type of VSD and the technical aspects will be detailed.
A PCR-based assay for the detection of Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin genes in ground beef

A detection system based on the PCR has been developed for Escherichia coli strains which harbor the Shiga-like toxin genes. This quantitative detection system involves the 5'-->3' nuclease activity of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase, which cleaves an internal oligonucleotide probe that has been labeled with both a fluorescent reporter dye (6-carboxy-fluorescein [FAM]) and a quencher dye (6-carboxytetramethyl-rhodamine [TAMRA]). Parameters which affected the performance of the assay included primer probe distance, probe concentration, and probe target sequence homology. The optimized assay format includes two PCR primers that generate a 497-bp amplicon specific for the sltI gene with the fluorogenic probe located 19 bp from the upstream PCR primer. When the distance between the upstream PCR primer and the probe was reduced from 190 to 19 bp, delta RQ values increased from approximately 1.5 to 3.0. The delta RQ for Shiga-like toxin I probe 102 reached a maximum of 4.15 at concentrations between 25 and 50 nM. The assay is sensitive and can detect approximately 10 +/- 5 CFU per PCR. As few as 0.5 CFU of Shiga-like toxin I-producing E. coli per g could be detected in ground beef with only 12 h of enrichment in modified E. coli broth.
Understanding Spatiotemporal Patterns of Biking Behavior by Analyzing Massive Bike Sharing Data in Chicago

The growing number of bike sharing systems (BSS) in many cities largely facilitates biking for transportation and recreation. Most recent bike sharing systems produce time and location specific data, which enables the study of travel behavior and mobility of each individual. However, despite a rapid growth of interest, studies on massive bike sharing data and the underneath travel pattern are still limited. Few studies have explored and visualized spatiotemporal patterns of bike sharing behavior using flow clustering, nor examined the station functional profiles based on over-demand patterns. This study investigated the spatiotemporal biking pattern in Chicago by analyzing massive BSS data from July to December in 2013 and 2014. The BSS in Chicago gained more popularity. About 15.9% more people subscribed to this service. Specifically, we constructed bike flow similarity graph and used fastgreedy algorithm to detect spatial communities of biking flows. By using the proposed methods, we discovered unique travel patterns on weekdays and weekends as well as different travel trends for customers and subscribers from the noisy massive amount data. In addition, we also examined the temporal demands for bikes and docks using hierarchical clustering method. Results demonstrated the modeled over-demand patterns in Chicago. This study contributes to offer better knowledge of biking flow patterns, which was difficult to obtain using traditional methods. Given the trend of increasing popularity of the BSS and data openness in different cities, methods used in this study can extend to examine the biking patterns and BSS functionality in different cities.
Inpatient versus outpatient vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide for pediatric cancers: Quality and cost implications.

Background Approximately 18% of the United States' gross domestic product is attributed to healthcare expenditures. Several studies have illustrated that shifting healthcare from the inpatient to the outpatient setting is more cost effective, in addition to improving patient satisfaction. Vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) are used together to treat children with solid tumors. Our traditional treatment approach included a two day inpatient admission. The purpose of this project was to establish a process for the administration of VAC in the outpatient setting to improve satisfaction, and reduce costs. Procedure We aimed to benchmark practice standards with other institutions, revised our treatment approach to permit outpatient administration, and implemented the new protocol in a stepwise manner. We collected caregiver satisfaction metrics through the use of surveys. Costs of encounters were obtained from administrative data. Total costs and costs by service type were compared using descriptive and mean comparisons. Results Seven patients received a total of 31 cycles of VAC in the outpatient setting. The time to achieve an appropriate pre-chemotherapy specific gravity was reduced by a median of 120 min. In addition, time spent in the hospital setting was reduced by a mean of 27.2 hr. Adverse effects were minimal and all caregivers reported greater satisfaction with the outpatient regimen. Outpatient administration of VAC was $3,300 less on average compared to the inpatient administration. Conclusion Outpatient VAC provides a safe alternative for administration that reduces healthcare costs, reduces healthcare utilization, and improves patient satisfaction. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micropropagation of thirteen Malus cultivars and rootstocks, and effect of antibiotics on proliferation

Several factors that affect in vitro establishment, proliferation, and rooting of thirteen Malus cultivars and rootstocks were studied. Apple shoot tips (1.5±0.5 cm in length) were established using ascorbic and citric acids as antioxidants. Four proliferation media containing 1.0 mg 1−1 BA and different concentrations of IBA and GA3 were tested. Proliferation rates varied depending on the genotype and medium used. The highest proliferation rate was obtained for a rootstock that produced 11.6±2.5 shoots (1.5±0.8 cm in length) per tube per month. Rooting was induced with IBA for all the genotypes tested. The optimal IBA concentration was cultivar dependent (between 0.1 and 1.0 mg 1−1 IBA), and lower concentrations were necessary to induce rooting in liquid rather than in solid medium.
The Motions of Phobos and Deimos from Mariner 9 TV Data

Orbit elements for the two Martian satellites Phobos and Deimos have been determined from 80 television photographs of the satellites taken by the imaging system of the Mariner 9 spacecraft. Phobos was found to be within 60 km of its positions predicted by recently published ephemeris theories which include a secular acceleration term in the longitude. This tends to corroborate the existence of a secular acceleration in the longitude of Phobos. Deimos was found to be within 100 km of its position predicted from Earth-based observations.
Hexokinase from the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta.

Abstract 1. 1. Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) from Hymenolepis diminuta exists in both soluble and particulate fractions of worm homogenates and has been partially purified about 60-fold by ion exchange and gel chromatography. 2. 2. The helminth enzyme is similar in kinetic parameters and molecular weight to enzymes isolated from mammalian tissues, except that the apparent K m for fructose phosphorylation and the apparent K i for glucose 6-phosphate inhibition are much higher. The possible physiological significance of these two observations is discussed. 3. 3. Host starvation and refeeding have no effect on soluble hexokinase activity in the helminth.
Projected Performance of Heterostructure Tunneling FETs in Low Power Microwave and mm-Wave Applications

Characteristics of heterostructure tunneling FETs (HTFETs) at microwave and mm-wave frequencies are reviewed, and their simulated performance in a variety of prototype circuits is presented. The results illustrate that HTFETs provide substantial benefits in low power, high frequency circuits, related to their high nonlinearity at low voltages (critical to rectifiers and mixers), as well as to their high transconductance and gain at low current and low power levels. Parasitic capacitance and noise models of HTFETs are summarized. mm-wave low noise amplifiers, oscillators, and mixers with simulated operation at power levels below 1 mW are described. High responsivity passive mm-wave detectors which could provide noise-equivalent temperature differences below 1 °C are presented.
From child study to efficiency: district administrators and the use of testing in the Chicago public schools, 1899 to 1928

Historians have documented the dramatic battle over the mass introduction of IQ testing waged by Chicago’s unionised teachers in 1924 against Superintendent McAndrew and the Chicago Board of Education. The efforts of Chicago’s mid‐level district administrators and their work with principals and teachers to address the real and perceived differences of the students pouring into classrooms in this era have garnered less consideration. Examining the work of district administrators responsible for the educational programmes intended to manage “backward”, “subnormal” and “feeble‐minded” children provides a rich case to analyse how these district administrators made use of the emerging field of testing to address the educational issues they confronted. The use of testing in Chicago’s schools during the early twentieth century represents a moment when the line between administrative and pedagogical progressives appeared unclear and illustrates the complexity of educators’ pedagogic beliefs and practices. It offe...
Savings in the Relearning of Second Language Vocabulary: The Effects of Time and Proficiency

This article extends the line of research that has recently applied the savings paradigm from cognitive psychology to vocabulary relearning. Second language (L2) data from 304 returnees from Japan and Korea provide evidence of the strongest savings effect yet reported in studies of lexical reactivation. The extent of the savings advantage appears to decline over time (with age a confounding factor) and relates significantly to current vocabulary size. No significant gender effects in savings are evident, but unexpected differences between the L2 Japanese and L2 Korean subgroups are reported in both lexical maintenance and savings accessibility. Substantial Matthew effects in both data sets help elucidate sources of individual differences in vocabulary learning and relearning.
Imaging the functional organization of zebrafish hindbrain segments during escape behaviors.

Abstract Although vertebrate hindbrains are segmented structures, the functional significance of the segmentation is unknown. In zebrafish, the hindbrain segments contain serially repeated classes of individually identifiable neurons. We took advantage of the transparency of larval zebrafish and used confocal calcium imaging in the intact fish to study the activity of one set of individually identified, serially homologous reticulospinal cells (the Mauthner cell, MiD2cm, and MiD3cm) during behavior. Behavioral studies predicted that differential activity in this set of serially homologous neurons might serve to control the directionality of the escape behavior that fish use to avoid predators. We found that the serially homologous cells are indeed activated during escapes and that the combination of cells activated depends upon the location of the sensory stimulus used to elicit the escape. The patterns of activation we observed were exactly those predicted by behavioral studies. The data suggest that duplication of ancestral hindbrain segments, and subsequent functional diversification, resulted in sets of related neurons whose activity patterns create behavioral variability.
"Tuliplike" scattering patterns in wormlike micelles under shear flow.

Using small angle light scattering we report on the formation of a string phase in a semidilute solution of wormlike micelles (0.03M CTAB/0.24M NaSal) under simple shear flow. The string phase appears as a bright narrow streak in the scattering pattern normal to the flow direction. We also study the relaxation behavior after cessation of flow, and using the Brochard--de Gennes model we are able to estimate the stress relaxation time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$ and diffusion coefficient ${D}_{c}$ of the dominant relaxation mode.
A neural network interface to the DIGITS Grasping System

A neural-network-based interface between an operator and the DIGITS (dexterous integrated grasping with intrinsic tactile sensing) grasping system is proposed, and the initial results of the network training are presented. The neural network is responsible for accepting the description of an object to be held in a power grasp, and mapping these data into a set of actuator torques which will allow DIGITS to firmly grasp the object. The network should attempt to maximize the normal forces on the object to provide the best possible grasp while not exceeding a set level provided by the operator. The backpropagation neural network was trained with various quantities of hidden nodes and learning rates and then tested for stability and error with respect to the optimal solution. Useful results concerning the effect of learning rate and number of hidden nodes were obtained, as well as results indicating that the network can accurately determine torques for both trained and untrained objects
Effects of moisture content and chemical composition on the near infrared spectra of forest foliage

Near infrared reflectance spectra were used to estimate nitrogen lignin and cellulose concentrations in fresh foliage samples. The spectra of sixty samples from 8 species (4 deciduous 4 conifer) were measured from llOO-2500nxn when the samples were both fresh and dried. Existing regression equations relating near infrared reflectance to sample composition were used to measure concentrations in the dry ground samples. Multiple linear regressions were then used to derive equations relating spectral measurements of the fresh samples to constituent concentration. Results suggest that these constituents can be measured in fresh foliage samples using high resolution near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. 1.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
In‐vitro characterization of the metabolism of prochlorperazine

Background Prochlorperazine (PCZ) is an antiemetic widely used in the management of nausea and vomiting. PCZ is reported to be extensively metabolized via the CYP450 system. However, the specific CYP450 isoforms responsible have not been identified and only two metabolites have been characterized (sulphoxide n-oxide, N-desmethyl). Purpose To identify the metabolites of PCZ and quantify the relative contribution of the CYP450 enzymes involved in their metabolism. Methods 100 μM PCZ was incubated in cDNA (control, 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, 3A5, 2E1) with NADPH, at 37°C for 60 minutes. The reaction was halted with 100 μL of ice cold ACN. The samples were centrifuged at 2000g for 5 minutes and then the supernatant was analyzed by mass spectrometry. PCZ standard curve ranged from 6.25–100 μM. The detection of metabolites by LCMS was aided by the presence of a chlorine isotopic pattern (1:0.33). LC/MS/MS was used to postulate the identities of the metabolites formed by the CYP isoforms. Results The percent loss of PCZ compared to control for each of the CYP450 isoforms is illustrated below. The seven PCZ metabolites identified are: sulphoxide n-oxide, hydroxy-nor, desulfonated, hydroxide isomers (2), N-desmethyl, and sulphoxide. The latter three metabolites appear to be the most prevalent. Conclusions Of the various CYP450s that contribute to PCZ metabolism, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 are the most efficient. N-desmethyl PCZ was the major metabolite formed by CYP2D6 and CYP2C19. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P85–P85; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.324 Figure 1. Contribution of CYP450 Isoforms to the Metabbolism of Prochlorperazine Download figure to PowerPoint
A Synergistic Interaction of Transcription Factors AP2 and YB-1 Regulates Gelatinase A Enhancer-dependent Transcription

The matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase A plays a central role in several critical physiologic processes, including angiogenesis, tumor invasion/metastasis, and chronic inflammation. We demonstrate that high level gelatinase A expression is mediated by a unique interaction of two developmentally regulated transcription factors, AP2 and YB-1, within a discrete 40-base pair enhancer element (RE-1) located in the 5′-flanking region of the gelatinase A gene. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay studies and immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed a direct interaction of AP2 with this binding sequence in the form of AP2·YB-1 heteromeric complexes. Binding of AP2·YB-1 complexes to the RE-1 sequence results in the formation of extended single-stranded DNA regions and may stabilize DNA conformational changes. Overexpression of YB-1 and AP2 proteins by gelatinase A synthesizing hepatoma HepG2 cells induced a synergistic increase in the RE-1-mediated transcription of nearly 160-fold. Thus, the transcription of gelatinase A is subject to a previously unrecognized interplay of double (AP2) and single-stranded (YB-1) DNA binding transcription factors to yield a highly regulated pattern of gene expression.
Improving operating room productivity via parallel anesthesia processing

Purpose – Parallel processing of regional anesthesia may improve operating room (OR) efficiency in patients undergoes upper extremity surgical procedures. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether performing regional anesthesia outside the OR in parallel increases total cases per day, improve efficiency and productivity. Design/methodology/approach – Data from all adult patients who underwent regional anesthesia as their primary anesthetic for upper extremity surgery over a one-year period were used to develop a simulation model. The model evaluated pure operating modes of regional anesthesia performed within and outside the OR in a parallel manner. The scenarios were used to evaluate how many surgeries could be completed in a standard work day (555 minutes) and assuming a standard three cases per day, what was the predicted end-of-day time overtime. Findings – Modeling results show that parallel processing of regional anesthesia increases the average cases per day for all surgeons included in the ...
357 DISPOSITION OF 14C-PHENYTOIN IN THE PREGNANT AND NON-PREGNANT BABOON

The maternal and fetal disposition of 14C-phenytoin (DPH) was evaluated in the pregnant (125-160 days) and non-pregnant baboon. Five pregnant and four non-pregnant female baboons (12-17 kg) were pre-anesthesized with ketamine (7 mg/kg) and maintained under halothane during the first 5 hrs of study. 14C-DPH was administered intravenously as a 5 mg/kg bolus dose and blood, urine and amniotic fluid samples were collected for 48 hours. Results from pharmacokinetic analysis were (mean and SEM).
Platinum loss and migration in porous gas diffusion fuel cell electrodes as studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry

Abstract Long-term operation of phosphoric acid fuel cells produces severe migration of the highly dispersed electrocatalyst, Pt, from the cathode to the anode. We have examined, before and after extended operation, the porous gas diffusion electrode assemblies by conventional Rutherford backscattering spectrometry using the ion beam facility at Los Alamos. In addition, we have made computer simulations to the data that give catalyst concentration as a function of depth. The data demonstrate that after extended operation (500–2000 h), Pt is lost from the cathode and is redeposited at the outermost surface layers of the anode electrode structure. This loss is significant and several factors contributing to it will be discussed.
Augmentation of methotrexate cytotoxicity in human colon cancer cells achieved through inhibition of thymidine salvage by dipyridamole.

Abstract In HCT 116 cells, a human colon cancer cell line, the levels of thymidine (0.6 μM) and hypoxanthine (9 μM) contributed to the tissue culture medium by the fetal bovine serum significantly reduced the growth inhibition and lethality produced by 0.1 μM methotrexate. Dipyridamole, an inhibitor of nucleoside transport, potentiated the growth inhibitory effects of methotrexate when the cells were grown in medium that was changed daily. However, when the medium was supplemented with dialyzed serum, methotrexate cytotoxicity was not increased by dipyridamole. Similarly, in cloning experiments, dipyridamole increased the cell killing produced by methotrexate. The potentiation of methotrexate toxicity produced by dipyridamole was mediated through inhibition of thymidine uptake. The uptake of 1 μM thymidine was inhibited 50% by 0.12 μM dipyridamole but neither hypoxanthine nor guanine uptake was decreased by dipyridamole (5 μM). As a result, the decrease in dTTP pools produced by methotrexate was augmented by dipyridamole. In contrast, dipyridamole did not influence the effect of methotrexate on ribonucleoside triphosphate pools. HCT 116 cells avidly salvaged low concentrations of thymidine, and methotrexate increased this capacity. Conversion of 0.11 μM thymidine to thymidine triphosphate was increased by 55%, from 16.6 to 25.7 pmoles/10 6 cells, following exposure to 1.0 μM methotrexate. Dipyridamole blocked this pool expansion. This study suggests that the salvage of physiological levels of thymidine may diminish the cytotoxic effects of methotrexate on human colon cancer cells. Inhibition of thymidine uptake by dipyridamole may be an effective strategy to increase the cytotoxicity of methotrexate.
The Arabidopsis Plant Intracellular Ras-group LRR (PIRL) Family and the Value of Reverse Genetic Analysis for Identifying Genes that Function in Gametophyte Development

Arabidopsis thaliana has proven a powerful system for developmental genetics, but identification of gametophytic genes with developmental mutants can be complicated by factors such as gametophyte-lethality, functional redundancy, or poor penetrance. These issues are exemplified by the Plant Intracellular Ras-group LRR (PIRL) genes, a family of nine genes encoding a class of leucine-rich repeat proteins structurally related to animal and fungal LRR proteins involved in developmental signaling. Previous analysis of T-DNA insertion mutants showed that two of these genes, PIRL1 and PIRL9, have an essential function in pollen formation but are functionally redundant. Here, we present evidence implicating three more PIRLs in gametophyte development. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that disruption of either PIRL2 or PIRL3 results in a low frequency of pollen morphological abnormalities. In addition, molecular analysis of putative pirl6 insertion mutants indicated that knockout alleles of this gene are not represented in current Arabidopsis mutant populations, suggesting gametophyte lethality may hinder mutant recovery. Consistent with this, available microarray and RNA-seq data have documented strongest PIRL6 expression in developing pollen. Taken together, these results now implicate five PIRLs in gametophyte development. Systematic reverse genetic analysis of this novel LRR family has therefore identified gametophytically active genes that otherwise would likely be missed by forward genetic screens.
Evaluation of commercial lithium-ion cells based on composite positive electrode for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle applications. Part I: Initial characterizations

Abstract Evaluating commercial Li-ion batteries presents some unique benefits. One of them is to use cells made from established fabrication process and form factor, such as those offered by the 18650 cylindrical configuration, to provide a common platform to investigate and understand performance deficiency and aging mechanism of target chemistry. Such an approach shall afford us to derive relevant information without influence from processing or form factor variability that may skew our understanding on cell-level issues. A series of 1.9 Ah 18650 lithium ion cells developed by a commercial source using a composite positive electrode comprising {LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 + LiMn2O4} is being used as a platform for the investigation of certain key issues, particularly path-dependent aging and degradation in future plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) applications, under the US Department of Energy's Applied Battery Research (ABR) program. Here we report in Part I the initial characterizations of the cell performance and Part II some aspects of cell degradation in 2C cycle aging. The initial characterizations, including cell-to-cell variability, are essential for life cycle performance characterization in the second part of the report when cell-aging phenomena are discussed. Due to the composite nature of the positive electrode, the features (or signature) derived from the incremental capacity (IC) of the cell appear rather complex. In this work, the method to index the observed IC peaks is discussed. Being able to index the IC signature in details is critical for analyzing and identifying degradation mechanism later in the cycle aging study.
The Influence of High Strength Cold Rolled Steel and Zinc Coated Steel Surface Characteristics on Phosphate Pretreatment

Abstract In order to reduce vehicle weight, high strength cold rolled (HSCR) steels are being used as a replacement for low carbon cold rolled steels in many exposed automobile body panel applications. The use of these thinner sheet materials has increased the need for improved corrosion resistance. That need has led to a growing interest in zinc coated steels for those applications. Electrochemical techniques and Auger electron spectroscopic surface analysis were used to determine the factors which influence zinc phosphate conversion coating formation for the HSCR steels and zinc coated steels. Zinc phosphate coating quality was related to cathodic delamination tendency of the painted steels.
Histone Deacetylase 3 Binds to and Regulates the Multifunctional Transcription Factor TFII-I

Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is one of four members of the human class I histone deacetylases that are implicated in transcriptional repression through deacetylation of acetyllysines in amino-terminal tails of core histones. In an immunoaffinity purification using anti-HDAC3, transcription factor TFII-I copurified with HDAC3. Specificity of the HDAC3-TFII-I interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of epitope-tagged proteins, GST pull-down assays, and protein colocalization with indirect immunofluorescence. An anti-TFII-I immunoprecipitate contained histone deacetylase enzymatic activity. Mutational analyses revealed that the carboxyl-terminal of HDAC3 (residues 373-401) and residues 363-606 of TFII-I were required for the HDAC3-TFII-I interaction. Transcriptional activation by TFII-I was severely reduced by overexpression of HDAC3. These results suggest that HDAC3 modulates some of the functions of TFII-I and provides a link between histone deacetylase and a multifunctional transcriptional activator.
ANALYSIS OF GENETIC ALTERATIONS IN UTERINE LEIOMYOMAS AND LEIOMYOSARCOMAS BY COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION

Uterine leiomyomas are the most prevalent tumor type in women of reproductive age and are the most common reason for hysterectomies. Although uterine leiomyomas are considered to be benign, they are a major public health concern for women. In contrast, leiomyosarcomas are rare but highly malignant uterine tumors. They may arise in uteri with preexisting leiomyomas and histologically sometimes resemble leiomyomas, thus causing controversy about whether leiomyosarcomas arise within leiomyomas. In this study, we used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to identify genetic alterations unique to each tumor type and alterations that are common between the two tumors. We analyzed 14 cases of uterine leiomyomas and eight cases of uterine leiomyosarcomas. Only two of the 14 leiomyomas exhibited genetic alterations, and those were restricted to gains on chromosomes 14 and 19 and losses on chromosomes 1 and 4. In addition, 68 leiomyomas were examined for loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 1 and 4, and only three tumors exhibited any losses. In contrast, all eight leiomyosarcomas showed gains and losses of DNA by CGH, and in many cases multiple changes were observed. The most commonly observed genetic aberration, occurring in five tumors, was gains on both arms of chromosome 1, suggesting that this chromosome contains loci involved in the development of leiomyosarcoma. Our results do not provide evidence for the progression from benign leiomyoma to malignant leiomyosarcoma. Moreover, the large number of random chromosomal alterations in the leiomyosarcomas suggests that increased genetic instability plays a role in the formation of these tumors.
Thalamocortical afferents in rat transiently express high-affinity serotonin uptake sites

Autoradiographic techniques using [3H]citalopram were employed in 8-day-old (P-8) and adult rats to delineate the distribution of high-affinity serotonin (5-HT) uptake sites in the cerebral cortex. In the postnatal rats, [3H]citalopram binding sites were densely distributed in the lower portion of layer III, lamina IV, and upper layer V in the primary visual, somatosensory, and auditory cortices. In the primary somatosensory cortex, these binding sites were arrayed in a manner exactly matching the representation of the body surface as demonstrated by other methods such as staining for cytochrome oxidase (CO) or acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In adult rats, there was no differential distribution of [3H]citalopram binding sites in the cerebral cortex. Neonatal administration of the 5-HT neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), resulted in a nearly complete destruction of the 5-HT innervation of the cortex on P-8, but the patterned distribution of [3H]citalopram binding sites remained visible. In contrast, thalamic lesions carried out on P-4 caused a complete loss of the patterned distribution of [3H]citalopram binding sites in rats killed on either P-5 or P-8. These results are consistent with the conclusion that thalamocortical afferents in postnatal rats transiently express high-affinity uptake sites for 5-HT and thus may accumulate this amine.
Continuing motivation for game design

In this paper we share experiences from a 2-week game-design project using the introductory programming environment AgentSheets with middle school students (6-8 grades) during a summer computing course at a public middle school in northern California. We examine factors that influence students. desire to continue working with the software, looking at similarities and differences between boys and girls, students with high or low levels of prior experience, and variables which we hypothesize might contribute to continuing motivation. Our findings suggest that programming in the context of game design can be of interest to a broad range of students, not only those who already are engaged in technological activities.
Jeffreys fluids in forced elongation

In this paper we study existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions for the equations governing the forced elongation of fluids with differential constitutive law of Jeffreys type. These equations consist of nonlinear first-order hyperbolic equations in one spatial dimension. Forced elongation is imposed through velocity boundary conditions at the domain entry and exit. The existence result is based on the Schauder fixed point theorem and energy methods in the space of boundary-regular functions.
MacroH2A2, a new member of the MacroH2A core histone family

MACROH2As are core histones that have a unique hybrid structure consisting of an amino-terminal domain that closely resembles a full-length histone H2A followed by a large nonhistone region. The human MACROH2A1 gene, on chromosome 5, encodes two MACROH2A subtypes, MACROH2A1.1 and MACROH2A1.2, produced by alternate splicing. Here we report the identification of MACROH2A2, a new MACROH2A subtype encoded by a separate gene on human chromosome 10, MACROH2A2. The amino acid sequence of human MACROH2A2 is 68% identical to human MACROH2A1.2. We show by immunofluorescence on mouse tissue sections that MACROH2A2, like MACROH2A1.2, is concentrated in the inactive X chromosome. However, MACROH2A2 has a very different pattern of expression in the cell types present in the liver and kidney. When MACROH2A2 and MACROH2A1.2 are present in the same nucleus, they have a similar, though nonidentical, pattern of localization, with both subtypes present in the inactive X chromosome. Our results suggest a developmental role for MACROH2A subtypes.
Playing with/through non-fiction texts: Young children authoring their relationships with history

This article examines the relationship between literacy and play in six- and seven-year-olds’ engagement with non-fiction writing. I draw from a year-long ethnographic study (Erickson, 1986) of a US classroom's ‘writing time’, intentionally structured on children’s own interests and enquiries. Rather than strict adherence to monolithic models described in the school region’s mandated curriculum and assessments, the children treated genres as porous and used writing as a tool for multi-modal play. In authoring and interacting with non-fiction texts, they blended ‘real’ and ‘imaginary’ worlds as they communed with historical figures on their own terms. Children used play to enquire into and manipulate the parameters of non-fiction, authoring their relationships with knowledge in the process. Through their exchanges with one another, children became familiar with non-fiction topics. At the same time, their play positioned conventional academic discourses as being open to transformation. This article makes an...
Influence of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil, on sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast tumor cells

Studies were performed to determine the influence of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil, on sensitivity to Adriamycin (doxorubicin) in four human breast tumor cell lines and one murine breast tumor line. Sildenafil did not interfere with the effectiveness of Adriamycin in any of the cell lines tested. Sildenafil also failed to protect MDA-MB231 cells against the cytotoxicity of cisplatin, taxol or camptothecin. Sildenafil enhanced sensitivity to Adriamycin markedly in the p53 mutant MDA-MB231 and p53 null MCF-7/E6 cells and moderately in the MCF-7/caspase 3 and 4T1 cell lines. In the MDA-MB231 cells, sildenafil increased the extent of DNA damage induced by Adriamycin as well as the extent of apoptotic cell death. Sildenafil did not influence sensitivity to Adriamycin in bone marrow cells or macrophages. In an immunocompetent model of breast cancer (4T1 mammary carcinoma in Balb/c mice), sildenafil did not attenuate the antitumor effects of Adriamycin; furthermore, the combination of sildenafil with Adriamycin was no more toxic to the animals than Adriamycin alone. Given that sildenafil has been shown to have the potential to protect the heart against the toxicity of Adriamycin, these studies suggest that the inclusion of sildenafil with conventional chemotherapeutic protocols involving Adriamycin (and possibly cisplatin, camptothecin and/or paclitaxel) should not compromise the antitumor effectiveness of these drugs nor enhance their toxicity to the patient.
Dose-modeling study to compare external beam techniques from protocol NSABP B-39/RTOG 0413 for patients with highly unfavorable cardiac anatomy

Purpose: The aim of this study was to select patients with heart anatomy that is specifically unfavorable for tangential irradiation in whole-breast radiotherapy (WBRT), to be used as an experimental cohort to compare cardiac dosimetric and radiobiological parameters of three-dimensional conformal external beam accelerated partial breast irradiation (3D-CRT APBI) to WBRT with techniques as defined by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-39/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0413 clinical trial. Methods and Materials: A dosimetric modeling study that compared WBRT and 3D-CRT APBI was performed on CT planning data from 8 patients with left-sided breast cancer. Highly unfavorable cardiac anatomy was defined by the measured contact of the myocardium with the anterior chest wall in the axial and para-sagittal planes. Treatment plans of WBRT and 3D-CRT APBI were generated for each patient in accordance with NSABP B-39/RTOG 0413 protocol. Dose–volume relationships of the heart, including the V5min (minimum dose delivered to 5% of the cardiac volume), biological effective dose (BED) of the V5min, and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) were analyzed and compared. Results: Despite expected anatomic variation, significantly large differences were found favoring 3D-CRT APBI in cumulative dose–volume histograms (p Conclusions: Use of 3D-CRT APBI can demonstrate improved sparing of the heart in select patients with highly unfavorable cardiac anatomy for WBRT, and may result in reduced risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality.
The correctness of nondeterministic programs

In this paper we formalize properties of nondeterministic programs by means of the satisfiability and validity of formulas in first-order logic. Our main purpose is to emphasize the great variety of possible applications of the results, especially for solving problems of the kind: "Find a sequence of actions that will achieve a given goal."
Names Associated with Attractiveness

Desirable names have been shown to be related to a variety of positive characteristics. The present study was designed to assess agreement on names associated with attractiveness. Participants listed five names which they associated with each of the following: attractive females, attractive males, unattractive females, and unattractive males. With the exception of the name Michael for attractive males, there was little evidence of agreement for attractive and unattractive names. There were few differences in the frequencies of names listed in relation to the age, gender, or income of the participants. Michael was also among the top ten most often used baby names for Kansas, Missouri, and Texas in 1992. Only a few of the other top ten names in our samples were also among the top ten baby names for the three states. Names associated with attractiveness are not necessarily currently popular names for babies.
Muon capture in atoms, crystals and molecules

Abstract The slowing down and capture of negative muons in solids is discussed on the basis of classical equations of motion where the energy dissipation is described in terms of frictional forces. Transport equations determining the energy distribution of the muons in the target are formulated and solved for various models. Using a statistical model of the atom it is shown that the muons are captured typically at energies of a few tens of electron volts, that the angular momentum distribution of the muons at capture is almost statistical, and that this distribution is not expected to be qualitatively changed by the subsequent cascade to the tightly bound orbits. In mixtures of atoms with atomic numbers Z 1 and Z 2 the capture ratio is to a good approximation proportional to the atomic concentration and, in the statistical model, proportional to ( Z 1 Z 2 ) 7 6 . Calculations are also performed with more accurate atomic models, and it is shown that capture ratios as well as angular momentum distributions are influenced by the ionicity of the atomic bonds and the atomic shell structure. No systematic study of these effects has been made but the few results obtained seem to be in reasonable agreement with experiments.
Asymptotic wave function for three charged particles in the continuum

We present an improved version of the wave function derived by Alt and Mukhamedzhanov [Phys. Rev. A 47, 2004 (1993)] that satisfies the Schr\"odinger equation up to terms of order O(1/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}^{2}$) in the region where the pair \ensuremath{\alpha}=(\ensuremath{\beta},\ensuremath{\gamma}) remains close, while the third particle \ensuremath{\alpha} moves to infinity (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}). The new wave function contains the zeroth- and all the first-order O(1/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$) terms, and matches smoothly Redmond's asymptotics and the Redmond-Merkuriev wave function when all three particles are well separated. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.