cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vocabularies of Motives for Gambling Behavior

In an examination of the verbal explanations ordinary gamblers provide for their conduct, it was found that the motive of “play, leisure, and recreation” was most often given to explain their behavior, with the related motive of “relieving boredom and generating excitement” ranking a distant second. Significant variations in these responses were found according to sex and social class. Explanations of why other people gamble differed markedly from explanations of one's own gambling behavior. Regarding this finding, we suggest that respondents were providing socially acceptable vocabularies of motives to defend self by neutralizing the social stigma attached to gambling and/or by justifying one's monetary gains and losses.
Screening for Risk: A Comparison of Methods.

This study compares, within the context of parole decision-making, the predictive utility of five statistical methods commonly employed to develop correctional risk-screening devices: (a) two general linear additive models, (b) two configural models, and (c) a model based on a multivariate contingency approach. Devices felt to be operationally useful (at least potentially) were developed and cross-validated using large samples of federal releases. Results suggest that no apparent empirical advantage accrues given use of different models. Even when large amounts of error are randomly added to the predictor item-pool, substantive conclusions do not change. Further, most devices developed are highly intercorrelated. Implications for the practical development of screening instruments are discussed, and further research is suggested.
Joining the Conversation: Law Library Research Assistant Programs and Current Criticisms of Legal Education

Law libraries should play a greater role in addressing the current crisis in legal education. Proponents for educational reform often view libraries as a vehicle for cost savings, while overlooking the ability of libraries to train students in the skills and competencies that are essential for the practice of law. Libraries’ research assistant programs can be particularly effective in imparting workplace values and lawyering skills beyond the traditional law school curriculum. This article encourages libraries to build on the strengths of their research assistant programs as a substantive way to equip law students with essential skills for today's legal marketplace.
Society for Pediatric Research 2010 Presidential Address: Academic Pediatrics and the Narrative of Discovery

Society for Pediatric Research 2010 Presidential Address: Academic Pediatrics and the Narrative of Discovery
Modeling and Measurement of Sample Probe Effects on Pollutant Gases Drawn from Flame Zones

Abstract The oxidation of NO toNO2 and CO to CO2 in quartz gas-sampling microprobes drawing gases from fuel-lean flames of CH4/air and CO/air has been modeled and measured. The kinetic model includes surface recombination of O- and H-atoms. Confirming measurements were obtained by gas-sampling a jet-stirred reactor. It was predicted that as the gas sample was rapidly quenched sufficient levels of HO2 were formed within the probe to oxidize NO to NO2. The transient HO2 concentration limited the NO2 formation to ca. 25 ppm. Ozone may have exerted a similar influence. Carbon monoxide tended to oxidize to CO2 due to reaction with OH in the warmer regions of the probe. Modeling indicated that sample distortions could be eliminated at probe pressures below 10 torr.
Negative-U Properties for Interstitial Boron in Silicon

Electrical detection of a single donor level of interstitial boron at ${E}_{c}\ensuremath{-}0.13$ eV using novel photo---deep-level transient spectroscopy techniques is reported. Complementary behavior between this level and the acceptor level at ${E}_{c}\ensuremath{-}0.45$ eV establishes that the defect levels have negative-$U$ ordering. The donor level exhibits a large Poole-Frenkel effect which, when properly accounted for, provides a direct and unambiguous connection to the EPR-identified interstitial boron atom. This represents the first definitive indentification of negative-$U$ properties for a defect in any solid.
Hereditary syndrome of imperforate anus with hand, foot, and ear anomalies.

A new autosomal dominant syndrome consisting of imperforate anus, triphalangealthumbs, other bony anomalies of the hands and feet, and sensorineural deafness is reported.
Enhancement of apomorphine-induced inhibition of striatal dopamine-turnover following chronic haloperidol

Abstract Following chronic treatment with haloperidol, there was no change in dopamine concentration or turnover in the rat striatum. However, the threshold dose of apomorphine to inhibit dopamine turnover was reduced. These data provide neurochemical evidence for super-sensitivity of dopamine receptors after chronic treatment with neuroleptics.
Standard test cases for the BALDUR transport code

Abstract Fourteen standard test cases developed for the BALDUR code are described. Selected output is presented.
New serials acquisitions committee charts its course: A report on the ALA RTSD serials section acquisitions committee

Resume des debats de la commission «acquisitions de periodiques» de l'ALA, qui ont porte sur la structure de distribution des periodiques, la formation des bibliothecaires a ce propos et sur l'automatisation des acquisitions
A pocket diagnostic calculator program for computing Bayesian probabilities for nine diseases with sixteen symptoms: Part A

Abstract We have demonstrated the use of a tape-controlled hand calculator for the bedside calculation of Bayesian probabilities for the differential diagnosis of up to 9 diseases and 16 symptoms. We have indicated the maneuvers required to store the requisite data as well as the effects of these maneuvers on the calculated results.
Study abroad for global engagement: the long‐term impact of mobility experiences

This paper reports on the preliminary results of a research project ‘Beyond immediate impact: Study abroad for global engagement (SAGE)’, which examines the long‐term impact of study abroad on various forms of global engagement. The study employs a retrospective tracer study and mixed methods research design. Survey results from 6391 study‐abroad participants reveal that study abroad has had an impact on five dimensions of global engagement (civic engagement, knowledge production, philanthropy, social entrepreneurship and voluntary simplicity) as well as on subsequent educational and career choices. Sixty‐three interviews were also conducted to provide more detailed life stories about the role of study abroad on global engagement, education and career paths. Three of these case studies are presented. Data were also gathered concerning study‐abroad program characteristics and participant characteristics. In future analyses, the relationships among these variables will be examined. Ovaj clanak izvjestava o ...
Global atomic hydrogen density derived from OGO-6 Lyman α measurements

The paper analyzes a one-year set of Lyman-alpha airglow data measured in the local zenith at altitudes from 400 to 1100 km by a UV photometer aboard OGO-6. The zenith-intensity data are fitted to theoretical airglow calculations in four spherically symmetric models of the hydrogen geocorona to determine both the Ly-alpha solar flux at line center and the average atomic hydrogen column density. After correcting for a loss of instrument sensitivity, the Ly-alpha flux is found to be linearly correlated with daily Zurich sunspot number. It is also found that the hydrogen density is inversely correlated with Jacchia exospheric temperature, but the dependence is not that predicted by steady-state models with Jeans evaporative escape as the only loss mechanism. It is suggested that charge-exchange production of fast hydrogen atoms from 'hot' ionospheric protons might provide the additional loss this result requires.
Analysis of elastomer lens mountings

The equation for determining the decentering of lenses mounted in a circumferential flexible elastomer is derived. A closed form analytical solution was derived for a circular lens mounted in an elastomer to describe this deflection. The theoretical expression was used to verify finite element models which then may be used for more complex mounts. Proper modeling such as element type and aspect ratios are addressed as well as applications of the method for various mounting applications.
Liquidity of emerging markets

Abstract Emerging markets are characterized by volatile, but substantial returns that can easily exceed 75% per annum. Balancing these lofty returns are liquidity costs that, using the bid–ask spread as a basis, range from 1% for the Taiwanese market to over 47% for the Russian market. However, the paucity of bid–ask spread information across countries and time requires the use of liquidity estimates in emerging markets even though little is known about the efficacy of these estimates in measuring bid–ask spread costs. Using firm-level quoted bid–ask spreads as a basis, I find that price-based liquidity measures of Lesmond et al. [Review of Financial Studies 12 (1999) 1113] and Roll [Journal of Finance 39 (1984) 1127] perform better at representing cross-country liquidity effects than do volume based liquidity measures. Within-country liquidity is best measured with the liquidity estimates of either Lesmond, Ogden, and Trzcinka or, to a lesser extent, Amihud (2002). Examining the impact of legal origin and political institutions on liquidity levels shows that countries with weak political and legal institutions have significantly higher liquidity costs than do countries with strong political and legal systems, even to the exclusion of legal origin or insider trading enforcement. Higher incremental political risk is associated with a 10 basis point increase in transaction costs, using the Lesmond, Ogden, and Trzcinka estimate, or a 1.9% increase in price impact costs, using the Amihud estimate.
A multiprocessor system for rapid data analysis

Abstract A multiprocessor system designed for rapid analysis of data is described and its performance is evaluated in a complex histogramming application. The system consists of several general purpose processors coupled to the Multibus with a shared memory that is used for intercommunication between the processors and a host VAX-11/780 computer.
Regulation of neurotransmitter release from ocular tissues by isoprostanes

Isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like compounds formed in vivo primarily by free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid independent of the cyclooxygenase enzyme. In addition to being utilized as reliable indicators ofoxidative stress, 8-isoprostanes exert pharmacological actions on smooth muscles from several tissues and organs, and they play a role in the release of neurotransmitters from the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the anterior uvea of the eye, 8-isoprostanes produce both excitatory and inhibitory effects on sympathetic neurotransmission in isolated mammalian iris ciliary bodies. Thromboxane (TP) receptors mediate the stimulatory action of isoprostanes on norepinephrine (NE) release from sympathetic nerves. In bovine retina, the 8-isoprostanes exhibit a biphasic regulatory effect on potassium-induced [ 3 H]-D-aspartate release, with low concentrations being inhibitory and high concentrations causing an excitatory effect. Excitatory effects of 8-isoprostanes are mediated by TP receptors, while inhibitory responses are mediated by prostaglandin E (EP) receptors. The 8-isoprostanes produce pharmacological actions on sympathetic neurotransmission in mammalian anterior uvea, a response that is species-dependent. In the posterior segment of the eye, 8-isoprostanes elicit a complex response on the retina involving the activation of both prostanoid TP and EP receptors. An effect of isoprostanes on neurotransmitter pools provides new pharmacological target sites for the therapy of some ocular diseases.
Hosea's (In)Fertility God

This paper challenges the prevailing view of Hosea's concept of God as a deity wholly other than and opposed to the fertility deities of Canaan. This view depends upon the dominant reading of Hosea's sexual metaphors in which "adultery" with the baalim is understood as a critique of popular fertility religious practices. This paper argues that the theological conflict Hosea addresses is not one of fertility religion verses faith in a "God of History," but rather of localized and/or nationalized concepts of deity verses the prophet's vision of YHWH as a high god who incorporates into Himself all the powers of all the gods, including the powers of fertility.
Characterization of a compressively sampled photonic link

A compressively sampled, photonic link has been described. By appropriately modulating the incoming signal prior to digitization, slow sampling rates can be used to accurately recover data as if it had been sampled at much higher rates. By performing the modulation in the optical domain there exists a potential path toward the recovery of signals in the 100GS/s regime.
Limit theorems for slowly varying composite sources

Limit theorems are proved for the distortion-rate function and the entropy rate of a composite source in the limit of vanishingly slow switch processes. The degree of slowness in switching is measured via weak convergence to the "fixed" position switch model apropos of universal coding.
Multi-Scale Particle Simulation of Red Blood Cell in Microcirculation

The complex rheology of red blood cell (RBC) in microcirculation has been a topic of interest for many decades. As RBC is highly deformable, shape change affects the microcirculation and such effect should be accounted accurately to understand the rheology of blood flow. A particle based model is developed to construct the red blood cell (RBC) based on the minimum energy principle. A bead-spring network is utilized to represent the cross-sectional plane of RBC membrane. The total energy of the RBC is associated with spring stretch/compression, bending and constraint of fixed area. Shape optimization of swollen RBC due to continuous deflation is performed. A bi-concave RBC shape is accurately achieved when the circular shape is deflated to 65%. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), a coarse-grained Mesoscopic particle simulation is used to simulate the flow. RBC in its equilibrium shape is placed inside a microchannel of height 10 μm to study the deformation of the cell under shear. Force exerted on RBC particles by plasma particles were determined and solved as the external force in the DPD equation to calculate the position and velocity of each particle. As the simulation started, the RBC experienced the shear and drag force by surrounding plasma and evolved to the characteristic parachute type shape as observed in experiments. Once the RBC reached the steady deformation, it continued with the same shape and stayed in the center of the channel. It is observed that the parachute shape and its motion along the centerline of the flow help reducing the drag and subsequently achieving the state of minimum energy. Formulation and results were validated against the experimental and computational results reported in the literature.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Overexpression of Retinal Degeneration Slow (RDS) Protein Adversely Affects Rods in the rd7 Model of Enhanced S-Cone Syndrome

The nuclear receptor NR2E3 promotes expression of rod photoreceptor genes while repressing cone genes. Mice lacking NR2E3 (Nr2e3rd7/rd7 referred to here as rd7) are a model for enhanced S-cone syndrome, a disease associated with increased sensitivity to blue light and night blindness. Rd7 retinas have reduced levels of the outer segment (OS) structural protein retinal degeneration slow (RDS). We test the hypothesis that increasing RDS levels would improve the Rd7 phenotype. Transgenic mice over-expressing normal mouse peripherin/RDS (NMP) in rods and cones were crossed onto the rd7 background. Disease phenotypes were assessed in NMP/rd7 eyes and compared to wild-type (WT) and rd7 eyes at postnatal day 30. NMP/rd7 retinas expressed total RDS (transgenic and endogenous) message at WT levels, and NMP protein was correctly localized to the OS. NMP/rd7 retinas have shorter OSs compared to rd7 and WT and significantly reduced number of rosettes. NMP/rd7 mice also exhibited significant deficits in scotopic ERG amplitudes compared to rd7 while photopic amplitudes remained unaffected. Protein levels of rhodopsin, RDS, and the RDS homologue ROM-1 were significantly reduced in the NMP/rd7 retinas compared to rd7. We show that correcting the levels of RDS gene expression does not improve the phenotype of the rd7 suggesting that RDS deficiency is not responsible for the defect in this model. We suggest that the specific rod defect in the NMP/rd7 is likely associated with ongoing problems in the rd7 that are related to the expression of cone genes in rod cells, a characteristic of the model.
Scientometrics: New opportunities

As I noted in the beginning, I don't think bibliometrics research is in a crisis beyond that of academia in general. But we are in a period in which critical decisions are being made which will determine the well-being of our discipline in the coming years. Efforts are now underway to take advantage of the momentum of the conference series to establish a profession Informetrics association. I believe that it is most important for us at this point to assure that this association, which would deal with the types of problems G-S have raised, is strong enough to succeed.
Body composition and nutrition of school children with cerebral palsy.

Summary Height, weight, body composition, and intake of energy and of some essential nutrients were determined on 23 full-board subjects with cerebral palsy, aged 7–21 years, from Bracke Oster-gard Pediatric Habilitation Centre. Body height was generally small for age while weight often was increased for height. The mean body cell mass was 86 per cent of the value predicted for height. The extracellular water was strikingly increased in all subjects. Body fat was increased in 7 spastics and reduced in 5 spastics and in 6 of the 7 dyskinetics. The observed energy intake was low but adequate for active metabolic mass in 11 of 23 subjects. The reduced energy requirements of most subjects resulted in an insufficient supply of several essential nutrients due to the composition of the food offered. Low physical activity and malnutrition were suggested as possible causes of the abnormal body composition.
Simplified thermodynamic model for equilibrium capillary pressure in a fractal porous medium.

Defining a relation for equilibrium pressure in a porous medium has been difficult to do in terms of readily measurable parameters. We present a simplified analysis of this problem using the first law of thermodynamics combined with a fractal description of a porous system. The results show that the variation in fluid interfacial area with fluid volume, and the respective interfacial surface tensions, are dominant factors determining equilibrium capillary pressure. Departures from equilibrium are seen to occur when fluid-solid contact lines are in movement. By describing the pore space as fractal we are able to obtain an expression for the change in fluid interfacial area with respect to its volume, and the resulting model shows a strong fit to pressure data obtained from a capillary rise experiment conducted in a coarse-grained $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ sand.
blood, oil, honey, and water: symbolism in spirit possession sects in northeastern Brazil

In this article I propose to document a symbolic system in northeastern Brazil in which different spirit possession group types assign various meanings to four symbols—blood, oil, honey, and water—that all these groups engage in their religious beliefs or ritual practices. All the groups rely on these symbols either to represent or to disavow an ideology that is in turn correlated with a distinct “racial” identity. Participation in and recruitment into these groups are described and analyzed in terms of the meanings attributed to the symbols by the leaders and members of Candomble, Giro, and Mesa Branca groups. These meanings, while stable when analyzed from an intragroup perspective, are often transformed in the intergroup context in dramatic and subtle ways. Once transformed, the same symbol can be, and often is, used by each of the groups to evaluate and characterize the others in ways that help it to maintain its own coherence and appeal. The analysis of the symbols as a system partially explains multiple use, and stability as well as changes in affiliation, by religious actors over time. Thus the intergroup symbolic domain is characterized by temporal, evaluative, and transformative aspects that provide a framework for understanding contemporary religious affiliation and behavior in a socially inequitable, racially complex, urban setting.
Oncogenic Ha-Ras-dependent Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activity Requires Signaling Through the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts transformed by the minimal expression of oncogenic Ha-Ras (V12H10 cells) or N-Ras (K61N10 cells) have constitutive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and proliferate in serum-free medium. The constitutive MAPK activity and serum-independent proliferation of V12H10 cells are sensitive to the growth factor antagonist, suramin (Hamilton, M., and Wolfman, A. (1998) Oncogene 16, 1417-1428), suggesting that Ha-Ras-mediated regulation of the MAPK cascade is dependent upon the action of an autocrine factor. Serum-free medium conditioned by V12H10 cells contains an activity that stimulates MAPK activity in quiescent fibroblasts. This MAPK stimulatory activity could be specifically blocked by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, PD153035 and PD158780. These inhibitors also blocked the serum-independent proliferation of V12H10 cells. Immunodepletion of conditioned medium with antibodies to transforming growth factor alpha and EGF significantly inhibited its ability to stimulate MAPK activity. Stable transfection of EGFR-negative NR6 and EGFR-positive Swiss3T3 cells with oncogenic (G12V)Ha-Ras demonstrated that only the Ha-Ras-transfected Swiss 3T3 cells possessed constitutive MAPK activity, and this activity was sensitive to PD153035. These data suggest that autocrine activation of the EGFR is required for the regulation of the MAPK cascade in cells minimally expressing oncogenic Ha-Ras.
A histone deacetylase corepressor complex regulates the Notch signal transduction pathway

The Delta–Notch signal transduction pathway has widespread roles in animal development in which it appears to control cell fate. CBF1/RBP-Jκ, the mammalian homolog of Drosophila Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)], switches from a transcriptional repressor to an activator upon Notch activation. The mechanism whereby Notch regulates this switch is not clear. In this report we show that prior to induction CBF1/RBP-Jκ interacts with a corepressor complex containing SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors) and the histone deacetylase HDAC-1. This complex binds via the CBF1 repression domain, and mutants defective in repression fail to interact with the complex. Activation by Notch disrupts the formation of the repressor complex, thus establishing a molecular basis for the Notch switch. Finally, ESR-1, a Xenopus gene activated by Notch and X-Su(H), is induced in animal caps treated with TSA, an inhibitor of HDAC-1. The functional role for the SMRT/HDAC-1 complex in CBF1/RBP-Jκ regulation reveals a novel genetic switch in which extracellular ligands control the status of critical nuclear cofactor complexes.
The combustion of individual particles of various coal types

Abstract This modeling study characterizes the initial stages of pulverized fuel (p.f.) firing of various types of coal, at the level of individual particles. Noncondensible gases and tars from different coal types are distinguished by different evolution rates, elemental compositions, average molecular weights, and transport properties. Since the gaseous reactants are always hotter than hydrocarbon ignition temperatures, finite-rate homogeneous kinetics are omitted, and volatiles combustion is represented with flame sheets. The combustion enthalpies, flame temperatures, and stoichiometric requirements of the volatiles flames are based on thermochemical equilibrium among 12 species, including primary dissociation fragments. Fuel vapor accumulation between the particle surface and flame is also accounted for. Transient temperatures of particles and flames, flame trajectories, and audits of the heat release from the flames are presented for four coal types: Zap lignite, Ill. #6 bituminous, Pit. #8 bituminous, and Pocahontas low volatile bituminous. Maximum flame temperatures are nearly the same for coals at both ends of the rank spectrum, but significantly hotter for hvA bituminous coals. No single aggregate heat release or stoichiometric parameter identifies the distinctive behavior. Up to two thirds of the heat of volatiles combustion is fed back to the particle for most coal types at typical p.f. firing conditions. When flame temperatures exceed 2500 K, significant portions are also dissipated as recombination energies of dissociated products. The combustion mode shifts from heterogeneous combustion of devolatilization products in “attached” flames to lifted envelope flames at a particle size which is also rank dependent. This size is inversely proportional to the mass-specific heat of combustion of the ultimate yields of gases and tar.
Assessing the Empirical Impact of Environmental Federalism

Abstract Many theoretical models analyze the effects of decentralized environmental policymaking. The predictions range from a race to the top, a race to the bottom, or no effect. However, little empirical evidence exists to resolve this ambiguity. This paper fills the void by examining the impact of decentralized environmental policymaking in the U.S. under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. For abatement expenditures, Reagan's decentralization had no discernible impact before the mid-1980s, but by the mid-1980s the data are consistent with decentralization leading to a race to the top. No statistically significant effect is found on nitrogen oxide or sulfur dioxide emissions.
Theoretical study of a solid propellant having a heterogeneous surface reaction I—acoustic response, low and intermediate frequencies

Theoretical calculations of the acoustic response of solid propellants based on thermal models of pyrolysis are in unsatisfactory accord with experiments on JPN propellant. Thus, one is led to consider other theoretical models of propellant burning. This paper presents a study of a simple, highly idealized solid propellant for which collisions of a gas phase constituent with the surface may result in a surface gasification reaction. The model leads to reasonable agreement with currently available experimental data for both steady state and acoustic response properties of JPN propellant.
The Influence of Dairy Product Consumption on Body Composition

Recent epidemiologic research suggests that dairy product intake or its components (calcium, vitamin D, and amount or source of protein) are associated with lower body weight or body fat. Clinical intervention trials designed to test this association during weight loss are promising, but still controversial. Few data are available on the effect of calcium or dairy products on prevention of weight gain in long-term trials. The mechanisms proposed to mediate the putative effect of dietary calcium are primarily the formation of fecal fatty acid complexes to reduce fat absorption and the regulation of energy metabolism, including lipolysis from adipocytes and fatty acid oxidation, through the calciotropic hormones, parathyroid hormone, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Increased energy expenditure, increased satiety, or a shift from fat to lean mass must accompany these changes in lipid metabolism to achieve changes in fat mass; however, measurable changes in these other parameters either have not been tested or have not been noted uniformly. If dairy products or their components have an effect on altering fat mass, it is likely to be a small change that may have a substantial effect on the incidence of obesity over time.
The Reciprocal Relationship of Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Function in Late Life

T special issue of The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry brings together research investigations that underscore the complex relationship between cognition and psychiatric symptoms in older adults with mental illness. Certainly there is substantial rationale for a reciprocal relationship between late-life neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric function. The neurophysiologic aspects of cognitive aging and the neurophysiologic underpinnings of psychiatric disorders in older adults overlap significantly. Furthermore, the cognitive domains most consistently found tobevulnerablewith increasedage are most often impaired in late-life psychiatric disorders and include impairments in executive function, psychomotor speed, attentional processes, inhibition, and memory.
A 40-Year-Old African American Woman With Sickle Cell Trait, a Renal Cell Mass, and an Ulcerated Scalp Lesion

Patient: 40-year-old African American woman. Chief Complaint: Painless hematuria. History of Present Illness: The patient had 2 episodes of painless gross hematuria before seeking treatment in our emergency department; she reported no other symptoms. Her urinalysis results were positive for hemoglobin and revealed more than 50 red blood cells per high-powered field on microscopic examination. A 3-phase computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an enhancing 3.9 × 2.5 cm lesion in the superior/interpolar region of the right kidney, which suggested renal cell carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma. A renal biopsy guided by the CT image was not diagnostic. A nephrectomy was performed. Family History: The patient’s maternal grandmother had died of breast cancer. Social History: The patient reports never being a smoker and reports no recreational drug use. Follow-up: Two months after her nephrectomy, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan performed on the patient did not reveal metastatic disease. Two months later, she developed a painful scalp lesion, which slowly grew over the next several months, eventually ulcerated, and did not heal despite appropriate wound care. A biopsy of the lesion had a histologic appearance similar to that of the nephrectomy specimen. Shortly after undergoing skin biopsy, the patient developed new-onset abdominal pain and sought treatment in the emergency department. A computed tomography (CT) scan of her abdomen and pelvis revealed a 1.1 cm pulmonary nodule with mass effect, in a lung base that was suggestive of metastatic disease. A 1.8-cm soft-tissue mass arose at the resection site with a differential diagnosis of recurrent disease or scarring. A positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan was subsequently performed, which revealed recurrent disease in the right renal fossa and diffuse abdominal and pulmonary metastatic disease. The patient underwent a follow-up skin biopsy. 1. What are this patient’s most striking clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings? 2. This …
MPLW515L is a novel somatic activating mutation in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia.

Background The JAK2V617F allele has recently been identified in patients with polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MF). Subsequent analysis has shown that constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway is an important pathogenetic event in these patients, and that enzymatic inhibition of JAK2V617F may be of therapeutic benefit in this context. However, a significant proportion of patients with ET or MF are JAK2V617F-negative. We hypothesized that activation of the JAK-STAT pathway might also occur as a consequence of activating mutations in certain hematopoietic-specific cytokine receptors, including the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL), or the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor (GCSFR).
Video Game Players Show More Precise Multisensory Temporal Processing Abilities

Recent research has demonstrated enhanced visual attention and visual perception in individuals with extensive experience playing action video games. These benefits manifest in several realms, but much remains unknown about the ways in which video game experience alters perception and cognition. In the present study, we examined whether video game players’ benefits generalize beyond vision to multisensory processing by presenting auditory and visual stimuli within a short temporal window to video game players and non-video game players. Participants performed two discrimination tasks, both of which revealed benefits for video game players: In a simultaneity judgment task, video game players were better able to distinguish whether simple visual and auditory stimuli occurred at the same moment or slightly offset in time, and in a temporal-order judgment task, they revealed an enhanced ability to determine the temporal sequence of multisensory stimuli. These results suggest that people with extensive experience playing video games display benefits that extend beyond the visual modality to also impact multisensory processing.
LIMITING RESOURCES AND THE REGULATION OF DIVERSITY IN PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES

Species diversity is a key concept in ecology, yet the mechanisms regulating diversity in most systems are not completely understood. To address this issue, we analyzed the relationship between phytoplankton diversity and limiting resources (N, P, Si, and light) over two summers in three lakes in the Yellowstone (Wyoming, USA) region. Diversity was highly variable along temporal and spatial axes within lakes. We discovered a strong positive correlation between diversity and the number of resources at physiologically limiting levels. Consistent with resource-competition theory, we found the highest diversity to occur when many resources were limiting. Conversely, the lowest diversity occurred when few resources were measured at limiting levels. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that threshold levels of resources (below which growth is limited and above which there is saturation for the resource) appear to exist in the natural environment, and that diversity is regulated in part by absolute levels of resources available to phytoplankton in aquatic systems. Threshold levels are generally in agreement with those determined to be limiting in prior physiological experiments. Consistent with previous observations, among-lake comparisons yielded a significant negative relationship between species diversity and system productivity. This result tentatively supports the hypothesis that the proximity of individual phytoplankton plays a role in the strength of competitive interactions. Our results generally suggest that, even in dynamic environments, where equilibrium conditions are rare, resource competition among phytoplankton is a mechanism by which communities are continually structured.
Client TouchPoint Modeling: Making the Invisible Visible within IT Service Delivery Organizations

Front stage interactions, or touch points, take place between service providers and clients and play an important role in shaping the clients' overall service experience. Service delivery teams engage client personnel in a variety of touchpoints for the purposes of delivering services, resolving problems, managing customer relationships, and developing new business opportunities. Some of these touchpoints may be intentional or planned, while others are unexpected or informal. The division of roles and responsibilities within service delivery organizations often conceals the interdependent network of touchpoints that occur, and makes it difficult for service delivery team members to form a consistent and detailed understanding of how individual and team performance affect the customer experience and quality of service. Therefore, understanding which service delivery personnel are talking to the client and for what purposes can become a challenging management task for service delivery teams. To address this challenge, we introduce the first step of a Client Touch Point Modeling process, a novel approach for identifying, evaluating, and managing service delivery team's interactions with client personnel.
PathBinder--text empirics and automatic extraction of biomolecular interactions.

Motivation The increasingly large amount of free, online biological text makes automatic interaction extraction correspondingly attractive. Machine learning is one strategy that works by uncovering and using useful properties that are implicit in the text. However these properties are usually not reported in the literature explicitly. By investigating specific properties of biological text passages in this paper, we aim to facilitate an alternative strategy, the use of text empirics, to support mining of biomedical texts for biomolecular interactions. We report on our application of this approach, and also report some empirical findings about an important class of passages. These may be useful to others who may also wish to use the empirical properties we describe.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Breathing Cracked Jeffcott Rotor Under Axial Excitation

The rotor may operate at various working conditions in practice and the crack breathing behavior at different rotating speeds is essential for damage detection and health monitoring of rotor system. In this paper, the coupling of lateral and longitudinal vibration is investigated by building a Jeffcott rotor model with imbalance. By using D’Alambert Principle, four degree-of-freedom equation of motion is derived in fixed coordinate system and the crack model is built based on the fracture mechanics. Zero SIF method is used to determine the crack open area by computing the SIF of opening mode for every point in crack area. The stiffness matrix is updated every time step by integrating compliant coefficients over instantly calculated crack open area. In addition, the breathing behavior of the crack under axial excitation is studied in terms of several eccentricity phases and rotation speeds, which provide effective guidance for damage detection in such scenarios. The paper also explores the coupling effect of external axial loading on the vibration response and its effectiveness for damage detection.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Coordinate Regulation of Fibrinogen Subunit Messenger RNA Levels by Glucocorticoids in Primary Cultures of Xenopus Liver Parenchymal Cells

Fibrinogen synthesis is specifically induced by a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, in primary liver parenchymal cell cultures of the frog Xenopus laevis. Here we demonstrate that this increase in the level of fibrinogen protein production is accompanied by an induction in the three mRNAs coding for the fibrinogen subunits, designated Aα, Bβ, and γ. The stimulation of fibrinogen mRNA levels appears to be mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor, because 1) the dose-response relationship parallels the reported affinity of dexamethasone for the Xenopus glucocorticoid receptor; and 2) the induction is blocked by RU 486, a potent antiglucocorticoid. All three subunit mRNA levels are induced coordinately by the hormone. The response is characterized by a detectable increase as early as 2–4 h after dexamethasone addition, continuing to a final 10- to 30-fold increase over basal levels by 60 h. The induction is specific for the fibrinogen mRNAs; total cellular RNA content and the levels of other mRNAs are ...
Overgeneral autobiographical memory in children of depressed mothers

The goal of this study was to examine overgeneral autobiographical memory in a population at-risk for depression (i.e., children of depressed mothers). We predicted that children of depressed mothers would display less-specific memories than children of non-depressed mothers and that these results would be observed among children with no prior history of depression themselves. Participants in this study were children (age 8-14; 50% girls, 83% Caucasian) of mothers with (n = 103) or without (n = 120) a history of major depressive disorder during the child's life. Mothers' and children's diagnoses were confirmed with a diagnostic interview, and children completed the Autobiographical Memory Test and a measure of depressive symptoms. We found that children of depressed mothers, compared to children of non-depressed mothers, recalled less-specific memories in response to negative cue words but not positive cue words. Importantly, these results were maintained even when we statistically controlled for the influence of children's current depressive symptom levels and excluded children with currently depressed mothers. These results suggest that overgeneral autobiographical memory for negative events may serve as a marker of depression risk among high-risk children with no prior depression history.
Efficacy of a telephone follow-up system in the emergency department

Abstract Traditionally, treatment in the emergency department is noted for brief doctor-patient encounters, fragmented service, and lack of follow-up care. This atmosphere can lead to patient dissatisfaction and may contribute to the high rate of noncompliance with discharge instructions and medications. To cope with this problem, a prospective study was designed to evaluate a telephone follow-up system and its effect on patient care and satisfaction. During a 1-month period, all emergency department charts were reviewed daily, and approximately 15% were selected for recontact. These charts were selected using a detailed list of 20 criteria developed by staff emergency physicians. Calls were made by an emergency department physician, nurse, or social worker on the day following the patient's visit. Calls were assigned to staff members (physician, nurse, social worker) on the basis of preestablished criteria within the spectrum of their expertise and training. We were able to reach 81% ( 229 281 ) of the patients selected for recontact. The purpose of these calls was to question patients about changes in clinical status, reinforce discharge instructions, and identify any patient complaints about treatment. An average of 1.6 calls were made to successfully contact each patient. The calls lasted an average of 70 seconds. Of the patients contacted 42% ( 97 229 ) required further clarification of their discharge instructions. The calls resulted in direct medical intervention in the majority of patients ( 6 7 ) who stated their clinical condition had worsened. Ninety-five percent of the patients questioned ( 112 118 ) felt that the call was useful. We conclude that a follow-up call system for selected patients is an effective method for demonstrating patient concern, improving quality assurance, and providing useful feedback to the emergency staff. This system is now a permanent part of our quality-assurance program.
Level and Specificity of Antibodies Evoked by Crude and Purified Antigens of Poliovirus I and Echovirus 7

Preparations of poliovirus I and echovirus 7, purified by density gradient centrifugation, liquid-phase partition, and anion exchange (diethylaminoethyl) chromatography, have been shown to evoke high antibody levels of substantial specificity in the complement-fixation assay. Certain practical aspects of the three purification methods are discussed. These results argue for the use of purified viral antigens, particularly in view of the simplicity of the purification methods now available.
Statistical measurment analysis of automated test systems

The innovation of automated test system technology necessitates continued process improvements to legacy test program software. These improvements to the test program software require verification and validation of their performance to support functional and diagnostic testing of units-under-test (UUT). Since measurement uncertainties in automated test systems (ATS) should not impact the pass/fail criteria when testing a UUT, statistical measurement analysis can be used to evaluate ATS measurement uncertainty. This paper discusses several statistical methods that can be applied to evaluate ATS measurement capability. Paired observations between two ATS were analyzed to evaluate preliminary performance measurement capability of the reconfigurable-transportable consolidated automated support system (RTCASS) to the consolidated automated support system (CASS). Utilizing the paired t-test a comparison was made with a 95% confidence interval. In addition, ANOVA gauge repeatability and reproducibility is demonstrated for evaluation of test program set performance between RTCASS and CASS, the UUT's and operators. A method for analysis of this system is discussed. Statistical tests were based on the evaluation of preliminary test program set (TPS) measurement data between RTCASS and CASS.
Production of 26 A1 and other extinct radionuclides by low-energy heavy cosmic rays in molecular clouds

THE high abundance of radioactive 26A1 in meteoritic materials1 presents a puzzle in attempts to describe the formation of the Solar System. It has been suggested11 that collapse of the solar nebula may have been accompanied by an injection of 26A1 from nucleosynthesis in a neighbouring star. The relatively high level of 26A1 in the interstellar medium2,3 is also unexplained. Here I suggest that this isotope may be formed in nuclear reactions between hydrogen and heavy cosmic rays. This suggestion is prompted by the recent discovery4 of γ-ray line emission from 12C and 16O in the Orion cloud complex, thought to be caused by the interaction of these cosmic-ray ions with interstellar hydrogen. I show that these observations also imply enhanced production of 26A1 in the Orion molecular clouds, and that such nuclear reactions can account for the meteoritic abundances. Reactions involving heavy cosmic rays might also account for the presence of other extinct radioactive nuclides in meteorites.
Comparison Study on Computer Simulations for Bridge Scour Estimation

This paper compares the use of 1D and 2D hydraulic models for bridge scour prediction. Two representative computational software developed by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), HEC-RAS and Flo2dh, are used as the benchmark comparison bases. The procedures for model construction and scour estimation are illustrated by developing simulation examples. The comparison shows that 1D model using HEC-RAS, while is easy to construction, does not account for the effects of flow disturbance due to hydraulic obstructions. These include the spatial variation of the alignment angle, which significantly affects the depth of scour prediction. Higher dimensional mode such as Flo2dh captures the effects of flow field distribution. It is however difficult to use and requires deliberations to run proper simulations. Further development of computational simulation and visualization technologies is necessary and will help place computer aided bridge scour simulations into the hands of practitioners.
Threshold Contrast for Three Real-Time Acoustic-Imaging Systems

Three approaches to real-time acoustic imaging are presently being worked on in various laboratories. These approaches involve the use of static-ripple diffraction, dynamic-ripple diffraction and Bragg diffraction. Experimental results indicate that good images can be obtained from each and that the systems currently appear to be quite competitive. This paper compares the ultimate potential performance of systems of each of the three types in terms of threshold contrast and sensitivity. The comparisons not only give an indication of the inherent capabilities and limitations of the systems but also of how far the present systems are from achieving ideal behavior.