cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ego depletion and conscientiousness as predictors of behavioral disinhibition: A laboratory examination

Abstract The self-regulatory strength model proposes that an individual's ability to alter his or her own responses is a limited resource that becomes depleted in situations requiring its use—a phenomenon referred to as ego depletion. Although theory suggests that individuals vary characteristically in what situations may activate their personality dynamics, there has been a paucity of studies investigating broad personality traits in relation to ego depletion. Conscientiousness, which represents an individual's ability to control one's impulses and persevere towards goal-directed behavior, is a trait within the Five Factor Model comprised of six lower facets with particular relevance to ego depletion. The present study tests the hypothesis that state depletion impacts the links between conscientiousness traits and behavioral disinhibition. In a sample of 214 undergraduates who underwent an experimental ego depletion paradigm, results suggest that ego depletion moderates the effect of domain level conscientiousness, as well as facet level self-discipline and deliberation, on food choice. This finding indicates individuals high in trait self-control may be specifically activated by state ego depletion, allowing for individuals high on these traits to persist in making less dysregulated choices after being depleted.
Growth Hormone Restores Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle of Old Male Rats

The present study was undertaken to determine if the decline in skeletal muscle protein synthesis with age results from diminished secretion of growth hormone (GH). Young rats (3 to 4 months) were injected with vehicle and old rats (19 to 21 months) with bovine GH (2 mg/kg/day), L-dopa (100 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 8 days, and the rates of phenylalanine incorporated into total diaphragm muscle protein/ug DNA/unit time were compared. After correction for free phenylalanine specific activity, rates of protein synthesis were determined to be reduced by 26% in old as compared with young rats (p less than .05). Treatment of old rats with bovine GH increased the rate of protein synthesis by 55% when compared with vehicle-treated old rats (p less than .05). L-dopa increased protein synthesis by 22% when compared with vehicle-treated old rats, although this was not statistically different from young or old vehicle-treated rats. These data indicate that (a) there is diminished capacity by skeletal muscle of old rats to synthesize protein; (b) this decrease is related to the reduced GH secretion because protein synthesis can be restored by GH administration; and (c) the dose of L-dopa given, although it increased the levels of circulating GH, did not completely restore protein synthetic capacity.
Neural induction - Dual SMAD inhibition

Dual SMAD inhibition takes a confluent, feeder free culture of hPSCs and rapidly differentiates them into early neurectoderm (Chambers et al., 2009). This rapid differentiation is caused by blocking the two signaling pathways that utilize SMADs for transduction: BMP and TGFB. Oct4 is extinguished and Pax6 expression has begun by around day 7–8, depending on the line used. This neurectoderm can be passaged to become rosettes or can be patterning to become many other types of neural cells (for example, see Fasano et al., 2010).
Didelphic uterus with carcinoma in situ of both cervices.

Abstract A case is reported of carcinoma in situ occurring in each cervix of a didelphic uterus, associated with a septate vagina and rectovesical septum. The lesions were suspected by cytologic smears, diagnosed by separate conizations, and treated by abdominal panhysterectomy.
How to (dis)solve Nagel’s paradox about moral luck and responsibility

In this paper I defend a solution to the moral luck problem based on what I call "a fair opportunity account of control." I focus on Thomas Nagel's claim that moral luck reveals a paradox, and argue that the apparent paradox emerges only because he assumes that attributions of responsibility require agents to have total control over their actions. I argue that a more modest understanding of what it takes for someone to be a responsible agent-i.e., being capable of doing the right thing for the right reasons-dissolves the paradox and shows that responsibility and luck aren't at odds.
Test on Breakdown Weak Point of Oil-paper Insulation System in Transformer

Under electric field,dielectric constant of insulation paper in oil-paper insulation system is considerable and the insulation paper endures lower voltage.Therefore,breakdown tests of insulation paper before and after ageing are designed and all sample breakdown voltages are gathered.On the basis of dual-parameter Weibull distribution,breakdown dispersity of test samples is calculated and breakdown weak point of oil-paper insulation system is sought to provide reliable basis for condition-based maintenance of transformers.
iDice: problem identification for emerging issues

One challenge for maintaining a large-scale software system, especially an online service system, is to quickly respond to customer issues. The issue reports typically have many categorical attributes that reflect the characteristics of the issues. For a commercial system, most of the time the volume of reported issues is relatively constant. Sometimes, there are emerging issues that lead to significant volume increase. It is important for support engineers to efficiently and effectively identify and resolve such emerging issues, since they have impacted a large number of customers. Currently, problem identification for an emerging issue is a tedious and error-prone process, because it requires support engineers to manually identify a particular attribute combination that characterizes the emerging issue among a large number of attribute combinations. We call such an attribute combination effective combination, which is important for issue isolation and diagnosis. In this paper, we propose iDice, an approach that can identify the effective combination for an emerging issue with high quality and performance. We evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of iDice through experiments. We have also successfully applied iDice to several Microsoft online service systems in production. The results confirm that iDice can help identify emerging issues and reduce maintenance effort.
Current topics in nail surgery

Antecedents: La chirurgie ungueale peut avoir lieu dans une clinique dermatologique; elle exige peu d'equipement ou de formation specialises. Plusieurs etudes d'excellente qualite ont ete publiees recemment sur les details techniques de la chirurgie ungueale, a l'intention du debutant comme du praticien experimente. Objectifs: Presenter l'evolution recente de la chirurgie ungueale. Sujets abordes: principes generaux de la chirurgie ungueale (y compris les considerations epidemiologiques), etudes de l'anatomie ungueale, instrumentation et anesthesie. Explication de la reconstruction de blessures et de malformations congenitales touchant les ongles ainsi que du role du chirurgien de la main. Etude de l'excision appropriee des tumeurs et des kystes touchant en particulier le traitement des lesions malignes. Description de la controverse entourant le traitement plus ou moins conservateur de la melanonychie longitudinale et considerations sur la necessite de diagnostiquer rapidement le melanome sous-ungueal. Aussi: traitement chirurgical de l'ongle incarne et de l'onychomycose. Revue de nouveaux aspects de la chirurgie ungueale, comme la chirurgie au laser, la psychodermatologie de l'ongle et le role des medecins de premiere ligne dans la chirurgie ungueale simple.
The Björk-Shiley valve: Intermediate-term follow-up

We evaluated 643 patients surviving aortic, mitral, and aortic and mitral (“double”) valve replacement with the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis from 1 to 72 months (median 38 months) postoperatively. Intermediate-term survival rate was similar to that reported for other prosthetic and bioprosthetic devices. Factors unrelated to the device, but related to preoperative patient characteristics or intraoperative or early postoperative events, had important association with late survival rate. These included previous valve replacement, concomitant ventricular aneurysm resection, black race, preoperative functional class, method of myocardial protection, duration of ischemic arrest, ventricular arrhythmias, and double valve replacement. Concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting and the type of valve lesion had no effect on survival prognosis. Freedom from thromboembolism was equal to or superior to other devices, but valve thrombosis occurred 16 times in 15 patients and caused 13 deaths. Improvement in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class occurred in the majority of patients. We conclude that the Bjork-Shiley valve is durable and effective, but, as with other devices, is associated with problems of thromboembolism and thrombosis. Intermediate-term survival is related also to non-device, patient-associated characteristics.
Management of cancer of the colon.

Although surgical treatment remains remarkably effective in cancer of the large bowel, a recent disturbing finding is that little progress has been made over the past 20 years in improving salvage. The authors discuss data available on 5392 patients over a 34-year period at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Clinical comparison of plaque removal and gingival bleeding reduction by two different brush heads on a sonic toothbrush.

Previous clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of a sonic toothbrush (Sonicare) in plaque removal and reduction of gingival inflammation. Currently, several different brush heads are available for this sonic toothbrush. The purpose of this clinical study was to compare two different brush heads (nine row and eight row) with respect to their ability to remove dental plaque and reduce gingival bleeding. One-hundred twenty-one young adults, in good general and periodontal health, volunteered as subjects in this five-week, single-blind, crossover study. All subjects used one brush for a two-week period, brushing twice daily for two minutes. Subjects used a manual toothbrush during a one-week washout period, and then used the other head for two weeks. At the beginning and end of each two-week trial period, subjects were scored for plaque and bleeding by means of the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index and the Mombelli et al. modification of the Sulcus Bleeding Index of Muhlemann and Son. Findings of reductions were limited to "before vs. after" assessments. The nine-row brush demonstrated a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in plaque removal on the smooth surfaces (p = 0.02) as well as significant reductions in bleeding at interproximal (p = 0.04) and posterior sites (p = 0.031). Overall, both brushes appeared to be effective in reducing dental plaque and bleeding. A questionnaire administered to all subjects at the end of the five-week study revealed a preference for the smaller of the brush heads.
Analysis of Deformation in Inconel 718 When the Stress Anomaly and Dynamic Strain Aging Coexist

Deformation in Inconel 718 in the presence of combined effects of the stress anomaly and dynamic strain aging is analyzed according to an internal state variable model formulation. The analysis relies on the availability of experimental data in regimes of behavior where both the stress anomaly and dynamic strain aging are absent. A model that introduces two internal state variables—one characterizing interactions of dislocations with solute atoms and one characterizing interaction of dislocations with precipitates—is shown to adequately describe the temperature and strain-rate dependence of the yield stress in several superalloy systems. Strain hardening is then added with a third internal state variable to enable description of the full stress–strain curve. These equations are extrapolated into regimes where the stress anomaly and dynamic strain aging are present to identify signatures of their effects and to compare to similar analyses in a variety of metal systems. Dynamic strain aging in Inconel 718 follows similar trends to those observed previously. The magnitude of the stress anomaly tracks measurements of stress vs test temperature in pure Ni3Al. Several trends in the strain-rate sensitivity of elevated temperature deformation in superalloys are identified based on limited availability of measurements over a wide range of strain rates or tests using strain-rate changes.
Optimization and Strategy

The selection of confirmed key system input (KIV) settings is the main outcome of a six sigma project. The term “optimization problem” refers to the selection of settings to derive to formally maximize or minimize a quantitative objective. Chapter 6 described how formal optimization methods are sometimes applied in the assumption phase of projects to develop recommended settings to be evaluated in the control or verify phases.
Laboratory and Economic Evaluations of Thin Lift Asphalt Overlay for Pavement Preservation

The overall objective of this study was to assess the use of locally available materials in Nevada for the development of two durable fine-graded thin lift hot-mix asphalt overlay mixtures for pavement preservation. The investigation considered establishing two mix designs using typical local materials for the northern and southern part of the state. An optimal asphalt binder content was selected for each mixture based on the volumetric properties and following the Nevada Department of Transportation volumetric requirements. For each mixture, the optimal asphalt binder content was varied within the allowable tolerances to simulate the potential variation in asphalt binder content during plant production. The performance of the designed mixtures were evaluated at the various asphalt binder contents in terms of their resistance to moisture damage using indirect tensile strength, resistance to surface raveling and abrasion, dynamic modulus FOOPIPEE*FOOPIPE property, resistance to rutting using the flow number test, resistance to reflective cracking using the IPC overlay jig, workability, and the developed interlayer bond strength using the Louisiana interlayer shear strength tester (LISST). Overall, both designed fine-graded mixtures showed a very good performance and are expected to perform well when used as a thin lift hot-mix asphalt overlay. In particular, good stability, very good resistance to surface raveling and abrasion, and excellent resistance to reflective cracking were observed for both thin lift hot-mix asphalt overlay mixtures at all evaluated asphalt binder contents. A preliminary life cycle cost analysis was also conducted between the thin lift asphalt overlay and a typically used pavement surface treatment for Nevada: the chip seal. Based on the findings from this study, conclusions and recommendations were provided for implementing thin lift hot-mix asphalt overlay as a pavement preservation technique for the state of Nevada.
Leveraging Researcher Reflexivity to Consider a Classroom Event over Time: Reflexive Discourse Analysis of ‘What Counts’

This article presents a reflexive and critical discourse analysis of classroom events that grew out of a cross-cultural partnership with a secondary school teacher in Singapore. I aim to illuminate...
Assessing the status of sediment toxicity and macroinvertebrate communities in the Eighteenmile Creek Area of Concern, New York

In 1972, the governments of Canada and the United States committed to restoring the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the Laurentian Great Lakes under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Through this framework, the downstream-most section of Eighteenmile Creek, a tributary to the south shore of Lake Ontario in New York, was designated as an Area of Concern (AOC) because water quality and bed sediments were contaminated by past industrial and municipal discharges, waste disposal, and pesticide usage. Five beneficial use impairments (BUIs) have been identified in the AOC including the degradation of the “benthos”, or the benthic macroinvertebrate community. This investigation used sediment toxicity testing and macroinvertebrate community assessments to determine if the toxicity of bed sediments in the AOC differed from that of an unimpacted reference stream. Results from 10-day toxicity tests indicated that survival and growth of the dipteran Chironomus dilutus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca did not differ significantly between sediments from the AOC and reference area. Analyses of benthic macroinvertebrate community integrity and structure also indicated that macroinvertebrate communities, while impacted across most sites on both streams, were generally similar between the AOC and reference area. Despite these findings, the upstream-most AOC site consistently scored poorly in all analyses, which suggests that localized sediment toxicity may exist in the AOC, even if large scale differences between the AOC and a comparable reference stream are minimal.
Single crystal growth and structural evolution across the 1st order valence transition in (Pr1−yYy)1−xCaxCoO3-δ

Abstract Praseodymium-containing cobalt perovskites, such as (Pr 1−y Y y ) 1−x Ca x CoO 3-δ , have been argued to undergo a first-order charge shift between Pr and hybridized Co-O orbitals that leads to a metal-insulator transition at a temperature, T VT . Magnetization and x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements on single crystals of (Pr 0.85 Y 0.15 ) 0.7 Ca 0.3 CoO 3-δ grown in an IR image furnace under 40–60 bar of oxygen confirm the presence of this valence transition. Single crystal x-ray synchrotron diffraction measurements are consistent with an isomorphic phase transition at T VT . No evidence of charge ordering was revealed by the single crystal diffraction. Dissimilar to analytical transmission electron microscopy measurements performed on a grain from a polycrystalline sample that revealed an oxygen vacancy order-disorder transition at T VT , the present single-crystal measurements did not evidence such a transition, likely reflecting a lower density of oxygen vacancies in the high-pO 2 grown single crystals.
Theoretical Analysis of Photoelectron Spectra of Pure and Mixed Metal Clusters: Disentangling Size, Structure and Composition Effects

A theoretical/computational description and analysis of the spectra of electron binding energies of Al12–, Al13–, and Al12Ni– clusters, which differ in size and/or composition by a single atom yet possess strikingly different measured photoelectron spectra, is presented. It is shown that the measured spectra can not only be reproduced computationally with quantitative fidelity—this is achieved through a combination of state-of-the-art density functional theory with a highly accurate scheme for conversion of the Kohn–Sham eigenenergies into electron binding energies—but also explained in terms of the effects of size, structure/symmetry, and composition. A new methodology is developed and applied that provides for disentanglement and differential assignment of the separate roles played by size, structure/symmetry, and composition in defining the observed differences in the measured spectra. The methodology is general and applicable to any finite system, homogeneous or heterogeneous. We project that in combi...
Creating a new context for dialogue and reflection within a residency program: the development of a blog

ABSTRACTWhile communication is essential to effective clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction, training programs that employ synchronous feedback systems are time consuming. This investigation e...
Development of hospice care at Methodist Hospital

Patients who are terminally ill in hospital are one type of the patient population affected by health-care reform. A hospital-hospice programme may be an appropriate alternative for their care. This article describes the process of creating a hospital-hospice programme. In order to identify the potential patient population, a review of the charts of all patients who died at Methodist Hospital over a 3-month period was carried out by the hospice medical director. The purpose of this review was to identify ‘hospice-appropriate’ patients and to determine the number of days of the patients' hospital stay that were appropriate for hospice care. The costs of the ‘appropriate’ hospice patients were reviewed to evaluate whether a reduction in charges would be accomplished by the implementation of this programme. The reduction in charges included treatment and tests that would not have been undertaken had the ‘hospice-appropriate’ patient been admitted to the hospital-hospice programme. A reduction in charges tota...
The Abortiveness of Empiricism in Early Ch'ing Thought

In Sung and Ming intellectual life, idealist philosophies came to the fore. Later, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, to a number of Chinese thinkers, that predominance of idealism seemed a disaster, and they formally disavowed it. Is there an indication, perhaps, in the early existence of this group of materialists, that the seemingly stable, traditionalistic Chinese society had the capacity to develop under its own power, without a catalytic intrusion of Western industrialism, into a society with a scientific temper?
Ancestral bodies to universal bodies—The “re-enchantment” of the mummies of the Capuchin Catacombs in Palermo, Sicily

Based upon fieldwork conducted in the Capuchin Catacombs in Palermo, Sicily, this paper explores the way in which the disposition, display and commemoration of the dead create meaning for communiti...
P025 : PRONASE TREATMENT OF SINGLE ANTIGEN BEADS (SAB) REVEALS A COMPLEX BIOLOGY FOR EXPLAINING DENATURED HLA ANTIGENS

Aim Microparticle-based, solid phase assays are the preferred method to detect and identify HLA antibodies. However, there are many reports of antibody reactivities, which seem to be directed against “denatured” antigen on SABs and, furthermore, appear to be clinically irrelevant. In our laboratory, such reactivities are identified by negative FlowPRA™ and positive SAB results. The goal of this study was to determine whether pre-treatment of SABs with pronase, which is known to reduce non-specific binding in the flow crossmatch (FCXM), could eliminate denatured epitopes on SABs and reduce the false-positive reactions. Methods A query of our database identified all patients who had negative FlowPRA™ and positive SAB results over the previous 12 months. Sera representing the most commonly occurring “denatured” specificities were then tested using SABs pre-treated with pronase (1:32 in RPMI media) and incubated at 37 °C for 15 min. The beads were then washed with 20% RPMI in FCS and then with bead wash buffer. The SAB assay was then performed as per manufacturer instructions. Results There were 426 total patients that met the inclusion criteria; 287 had Class I specificities, 81 had Class II specificities, and 29 had both. The most commonly identified false positive specificities for each locus were B82 (9%, ∼5000MFI), A80 (7%, ∼3500MFI), Cw1, 12, 15 (2%, ∼11,000MFI), DQ7, 8, 9 (5%, ∼6000MFI), DR18 (13%, ∼3500MFI), and DP1 (23%, ∼3500MFI). While the A80 and DQ7, 8, 9 reactivities were insensitive to pronase treatment, the B82, Cw1, 12, 15, DR18, and DP1 reactivities were completely abrogated. Conclusions Several studies have demonstrated false-positive reactivity of SABs due to denatured epitopes, which have subsequently been shown to be clinically irrelevant and do not result in a positive FCXM. Our results demonstrate that some, but not all, denatured epitopes are removed by pronase pre-treatment of the SABs. Because pronase has a broad specificity, the precise mechanism by which it reduces certain denatured epitopes but not others is unclear. These findings indicate that the concept of denatured epitopes is not a singular entity and may reflect a complex etiology that differs for each allele.
R&D Planning and Governance

Development Schemas and Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Clinical Development Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Product Development Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Portfolio Planning Management (PPM) Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 PPM Process Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 PPM Analyses (Examples) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Project Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Photosynthesis and the Biochemistry of Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrogen fixation is an energetically costly process. This is true whether we are referring to the production of ammonia by the Haber-Bosch process or by biological reactions.
Crafting a Foundation for Computing Majors

This paper describes and evaluates a sophomore level survey course in the computing disciplines of computer science and information technology. This course is novel among ABET accredited computer science and information technology programs in the breadth of topics covered and that it serves as a common foundation to both computing disciplines. In addition, students are introduced to advanced computing topics that they may later choose to pursue further in upper-level electives. This paper discusses the motivation of a course for both programs and concludes with the results, challenges, and opportunities for future iterations. This single computing survey course helps students to ensure they selected the correct major early in their academic career. Additionally, it introduces advanced computing topics that students may choose later to pursue in electives.
Translating Technology, Science and Health: Public Information Officers as Knowledge Transfer Intermediaries

PIOs (PIOs) link transfer of technology/science/health knowledge between researchers and journalists. PIOs’ orientation toward acquiring technology/science/health knowledge is important to PIOs’ choices of education, training, and occupational experience. The purpose of this study was (1) to conceptualize a way to measure such orientation, using descriptive data from an Internet survey of a random sample of PIOs to construct an exploratory scale to measure technology/science/health orientation (TSHO) and (2) to test the constructed TSHO scores as predictors of PIOs’ job performance. Results showed respondent PIOs’ calculated TSHO scores to range from 0 to 5 (out of a possible maximum of 6), with a mean of 2.38 and a mode of 2. TSHO score was a statistically significant predictor for variety of story topics covered by PIOs but not of number of scientist sources used in their information subsidies. Further research and analysis are needed to validate scale construction and to test its predictive ability across additional samples.
Faithful Parents: Choice of Childcare Parentage Laws

In July 2017, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) approved and recommended for enactment in all U.S. states a new Uniform Parentage Act (2017 UPA). This act follows the 1973 and 2000 UPAs which have been widely adopted. While all three UPAs recognize forms of childcare parentage beyond biological ties (in and outside of marital births) and formal adoptions, the 2017 UPA is quite expansive in its provisions on such forms, including de facto parentage, voluntary acknowledgment parentage, and intended parentage of children born of assisted reproduction. These expanded forms of childcare parentage, relevant to child custody, visitation and support, are chiefly dependent on childcare agreements and/or parental-like acts rather than on blood ties or formal adoptions. This article focuses on the choice of law problems arising with these expanded forms of childcare parentage. First, it reviews the UPA sections on choice of law and on the expansive forms of childcare parentage. Second, it demonstrates the challenging choice of law issues when childcare parentage disputes arise only after interstate moves, but depend upon premove behavior which is not precise (like giving birth) or which occurs at no particular time (like marriage to a birth mother at the time of birth). Third, the article posits that notwithstanding the UPA declarations that forum laws apply when adjudicating parentage, state courts should expressly recognize that sometimes forum laws include their own choice of law rules. Such a recognition should be also included in an amended 2017 UPA. This approach follows precedents on choosing between conflicting state laws in and outside of family law settings. It also honors reasonable expectations, lessens forum shopping, and avoids Full Faith and Credit difficulties where there are parentage-related “public acts,” as with voluntary parentage acknowledgments. Finally, the article further posits that the 2017 UPA and state courts should establish some special choice of law rules. Special rules should operate, for example, when courts hear challenges to voluntary parentage acknowledgments (VAPs). Here, the VAP challenge laws of the state where the VAP was filed should be applied.
Youth Leadership Development and Peer-Led Initiatives

YOUTH LEADERSHIP DEVLEOPMENT AND PEER-LED INITIATIVES By Kathryn Conley, M.A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009 Major Director: Steven Danish, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Psychology The current study explored the experiences of high school peer leaders (N = 45) chosen to participate in an eight-week peer-led tobacco intervention program, Living Free of Tobacco, Plus! (LIFT+). The study used a repeated measures design to examine changes in leadership self-efficacy, perceived leadership skill, and goal-setting from baseline to post-test. Leaders’ susceptibility to future tobacco use, self-efficacy to resist and avoid tobacco, and confidence and interest in following nutritional guidelines were also examined at two time points. To strengthen self-report measures, peer and teacher evaluations of observed leadership behavior were collected. Results suggest that participation as a peer-leader in the LIFT+ program yielded several benefits. Leaders in the LIFT+ program reported a significant increase in interest in following nutritional guidelines, leadership self-efficacy, perceptions of leadership skill, and confidence in goal setting. Limitations and implications for future peer-led initiatives are discussed.
Preclinical Development of the Anti-LAG-3 Antibody REGN3767: Characterization and Activity in Combination with the Anti-PD-1 Antibody Cemiplimab in Human PD-1xLAG-3-Knockin Mice

In the tumor microenvironment, multiple inhibitory checkpoint receptors can suppress T-cell function, thereby enabling tumor immune evasion. Blockade of one of these checkpoint receptors, PD-1, with therapeutic antibodies has produced positive clinical responses in various cancers; however, the efficacy of this approach can be further improved. Simultaneously targeting multiple inhibitory checkpoint receptors has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we report the development and characterization of REGN3767, a fully human IgG4 antibody targeting LAG-3, another inhibitory receptor on T cells. REGN3767 binds human and monkey LAG-3 with high affinity and specificity and blocks the interaction of LAG-3 with its ligand, MHC class II. In an engineered T-cell/antigen-presenting cell bioassay, REGN3767 alone, or in combination with cemiplimab (REGN2810, human anti-PD-1 antibody), blocked inhibitory signaling to T cells mediated by hLAG-3/MHCII in the presence of PD-1/PD-L1. To test the in vivo activity of REGN3767 alone or in combination with cemiplimab, we generated human PD-1xLAG-3 knockin mice, in which the extracellular domains of mouse Pdcd1 and Lag3 were replaced with their human counterparts. In these humanized mice, treatment with cemiplimab and REGN3767 showed increased efficacy in a mouse tumor model and enhanced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by tumor-specific T cells. The favorable pharmacokinetics and toxicology of REGN3767 in nonhuman primates, together with enhancement of antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody in preclinical tumor models, support its clinical development.
Algorithms and individuals

Abstract Artificial Intelligence or really digital algorithms that run our lives are common digital recipes. It is in our nature to recapitulate any successful sequence, but AI often replaces humans in a manner that lacks transparency, design, and accountability, and without empathy. A particular program called Compas, defended with a lot of statistical bravado, is used to make decisions about whether prisoners will be paroled. I find that the predictive power of Compas is slight, less than credit scores.
THE PORTUGUESE MOTOR VEHICLE INDUSTRY: AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM?

Portugal policy makers consider the motor vehicle industry to be critical to the country’s economy because of its potential to offer highly skilled job opportunities and incentives for innovation a...
La transition de la fécondité en Inde entre 1977 et 2004 Analyse des probabilités d'agrandissement

Cette note de recherche presente un point de vue original sur la transition de la fecondite en Inde par l’analyse des probabilites d’agrandissement du moment. L’evolution de la fecondite par rang de naissance est etudiee de 1977 a 2004 a partir d’environ 300 000 histoires genesiques recueillies lors de trois enquetes representatives au niveau national (National Family Health Survey, NFHS) realisees en 1992-1993, 1998-1999 et 2005-2006. La baisse de la fecondite indienne au cours des vingt-cinq dernieres annees est essentiellement imputable a la reduction du nombre des naissances de rang 3 et plus, indiquant que le modele de la famille de deux enfants commence a se diffuser dans le pays. Afin d’evaluer cette methode, on compare les parites finales moyennes, indicateurs synthetiques calcules a partir des probabilites d’agrandissement du moment, avec l’indicateur synthetique de fecondite calcule a partir du Sample Registration System (SRS). Les resultats fournissent des evaluations pour les niveaux et les tendances de la fecondite tout a fait coherentes avec les estimations traditionnelles ; les probabilites d’agrandissement du moment constituent donc une methode alternative pour verifier la coherence et la qualite des estimations du niveau de la fecondite provenant d’autres sources.
First Report of Orchid Fleck Virus Associated with Citrus Leprosis Symptoms in Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri) and Mandarin (C. reticulata) the United States

Citrus leprosis is an economically important disease of citrus in South and Central America. The disease can be caused by several non-systemic viruses belonging to the genera Cilevirus (family Kitaviridae) and Dichorhavirus (family Rhabdoviridae) (Roy et al. 2015; Freitas-Astua et al. 2018). In February 2020, lesions consistent with citrus leprosis were observed on the leaves and stems of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri) and mandarin (C. reticulata) trees in Hilo, Hawaii. Brevipalpus mites, vector of orchid fleck virus (OFV), were also present on these trees (Freitas-Astua et al. 2018). To identify the virus associated with the symptoms, total RNA was isolated using a NucleoSpin RNA Plus kit (Macherey-Nagel) and underwent reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with two newly designed universal primers specific for dichorhaviruses (Dichora-R1-F1: 5`-CAYCACTGYGCBRTNGCWGATGA, Dichora-R1-R1: 5`-AGKATRTSWGCCATCCKGGCTATBAG). The expected ~350 bp amplicon was obtained and directly sequenced in both directions. Blastn and Blastx searches revealed that the primer-trimmed consensus sequence (MT232917) shared 99.3% nucleotide (nt) and 100% amino acid (aa) identity with an OFV isolate from Germany (AF321775). OFV has two orchid- (OFV-Orc1 and OFV-Orc2) and two citrus- (OFV-Cit1 and OFV-Cit2) infecting strains (Roy et al. 2020). However, an isolate of OFV-Orc1 has recently been associated with citrus leprosis in South Africa (Cook et al. 2019). To confirm the presence of OFV in Hawaiian citrus and identify the strain, symptomatic tissue was submitted to USDA-APHIS-PPQ-ST MW021482) and 5,986 nt (average depth 19,278; MW021483), were found to have ≥98% identity to RNA1 (AB244417) and RNA2 (AB244418) of OFV isolate So (Japan), respectively. This is the first report of OFV in Hawaii and the first time leprosis has been observed in the USA since it was eradicated from Florida in the 1960s, although that outbreak was attributed to infection by citrus leprosis virus-N0, a distant relative of OFV (Hartung et al. 2015). The recent detection of citrus leprosis associated with OFV infection in South Africa (Cook et al. 2019) and now Hawaii underscores the threat this pathogen poses to the global citrus industry.
Antimicrobial Resistance Creates Threat to Chimpanzee Health and Conservation in the Wild

Infectious disease is recognized as the greatest threat to the endangered chimpanzees made famous by the groundbreaking work of Dr. Jane Goodall at Gombe National Park (GNP), Tanzania. The permeable boundary of this small protected area allows for regular wildlife–human and wildlife–domestic animal overlap, which may facilitate cross-species transmission of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance. Few studies have examined the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in wild ape populations. We used molecular techniques to investigate the presence of genes conferring resistance to sulfonamides (often used to treat diarrheal illness in human settings in this region) and tetracycline (used in the past—though much less so now) in fecal specimens from humans, domestic animals, chimpanzees, and baboons in and around GNP. We also tested stream water used by these groups. Sulfonamide resistance was common in humans (74%), non-human primates (43%), and domestic animals (17%). Tetracycline resistance was less common in all groups: humans (14%), non-human primates (3%), and domestic animals (6%). Sul resistance genes were detected from 4/22 (18%) of streams sampled. Differences in sul gene frequencies did not vary by location in humans nor in chimpanzees.
Moral Distress in Clinicians Caring for Critically Ill Patients Who Require Mechanical Circulatory Support.

BACKGROUND Although use of mechanical circulatory support is increasing, it is unclear how providing such care affects clinicians' moral distress. OBJECTIVE To measure moral distress among intensive care unit clinicians who commonly care for patients receiving mechanical circulatory support. METHODS In this prospective study, the Moral Distress Scale-Revised was administered to physicians, nurses, and advanced practice providers from 2 intensive care units in an academic medical center. Linear regression was used to assess whether moral distress was associated with clinician type, burnout, or desire to leave one's job. Clinicians' likelihood of reporting frequent moral distress when caring for patients receiving mechanical circulatory support vs other critically ill patients also was assessed. RESULTS The sample comprised 102 clinicians who had a mean (SD) score of 100.5 (51.6) on the Moral Distress Scale- Revised. After adjustment for clinician characteristics, moral distress was significantly higher in registered nurses than physicians/advanced practice providers (115.9 vs 71.0, P < .001), clinicians reporting burnout vs those who did not (114.7 vs 83.1, P = .003), and those considering leaving vs those who were not (121.1 vs 89.2, P = .001). Clinicians were more likely to report experiencing frequent moral distress when caring for patients receiving mechanical circulatory support (26.5%) than when caring for patients needing routine care (10.8%; P = .004), but less likely than when caring for patients with either chronic critical illness (57.8%) or multisystem organ failure (56.9%; both P < .001). CONCLUSION Moral distress was high among clinicians who commonly care for patients receiving mechanical circulatory support, suggesting that use of this therapy may affect well-being among intensive care unit clinicians.
High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation modulates performance and alpha/beta parieto-frontal connectivity serving fluid intelligence.

Key points Logical reasoning is an indispensable component of fluid intelligence and involves multispectral oscillatory activity in parietal and frontal regions. Parieto-frontal integration is well characterized in logical reasoning; however, its direct neural quantification and neuromodulation by brain stimulation remain poorly understood. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) had modulatory effects on task performance and neural interactions serving logical reasoning, with right stimulation showing beneficial effects. Right DLPFC stimulation led to a decrease in the response time (i.e., better task performance) and left parieto-frontal connectivity with a marginal positive association between behavioral and neural metrics. Other modes of targeted stimulation of DLPFC (e.g., frequency-specific) can be employed in future studies. Abstract Fluid intelligence (Gƒ) includes logical reasoning abilities and is an essential component of normative cognition. Despite the broad consensus that parieto-prefrontal connectivity is critical for Gf (e.g., the parieto-frontal integration theory of intelligence, P-FIT), the dynamics of such functional connectivity during logical reasoning remains poorly understood. Further, given the known importance of these brain regions for Gf, numerous studies have targeted one or both of these areas with noninvasive stimulation with the goal of improving Gf, but to date there remains little consensus on the overall stimulation-related effects. To examine this, we applied high-definition direct current anodal stimulation to the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of twenty-four healthy adults for 20 min in three separate sessions (sham, left and right active). Following stimulation, participants completed a logical reasoning task during magnetoencephalography (MEG). Significant neural responses at the sensor-level were imaged using a beamformer, and peak task-induced activity was subjected to dynamic functional connectivity analyses to evaluate the impact of distinct stimulation montages on network activity. We found that participants responded faster following right DLPFC stimulation versus sham. Moreover, our neural findings followed a similar trajectory of effects such that left parieto-frontal connectivity decreased following right and left DLPFC stimulation compared to sham, with connectivity following right stimulation being significantly correlated with the faster reaction times. Importantly, our findings are consistent with P-FIT, as well as the neural efficiency hypothesis (NEH) of intelligence. In sum, this study provides evidence for beneficial effects of right DLPFC stimulation on logical reasoning. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Functional Brain Circuitry Related to Arousal and Learning in Rats

The findings reviewed provide the first demonstration of how arousing and learning experiences modify the metabolic activity of the rat brain, and point to discrete functional pathways that seem to play key roles in the brain circuitry related to arousal and learning in mammals Autoradiographic 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) techniques were used to map the functional brain circuitry influenced by arousing electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation (RET) in behaving rats. RET stimulation produced selective patterns of metabolic activation and suppression in discrete regions. The findings point to an integrative role of ascending and descending RET pathways in alerting and defensive reactions. During classical conditioning,involving an auditory stimulus and RET activation, metabolic changes were clearly different from those seen after RET stimulation alone. For example, opposite effects of learning and arousing conditions on the hippocampus were clearly discriminated. It is suggested that the structures affected by RET form part of the ascending reticular activating system and that some of these structures are also engaged in classical conditioning. Besides subserving arousal, the structures metabolically activated during conditioning may play different roles in signal learning, such as: Selective perception (auditory system), directed attention (prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex), motivation (thalamic and limbic structures), and temporal association of the conditioned and unconditioned CS-US stimulus pair (auditory nuclei, hippocampal formation). Finally, there are descending systems mediating the conditioned response made of mixed sensorimotor (flocculus, vestibular nuclei, central grey, spinal cord) and autonomic (medullary nuclei) components involved in the defensive “freezing” reaction to RET stimuli.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) is a clonal lymphoproliferative disorder of morphologically and immunophenotypically mature small B-cells that accumulate in the peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and other extramedullary sites. In the majority of cases, the neoplastic B-cells exhibit a low mitotic rate and a high resistance to apoptosis. The criteria for diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have been updated recently by the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. For a diagnosis of CLL, the revised recommendations require the presence of an absolute B-cell lymphocytosis of at least 5.0 × 109/L persisting for greater than 3 months and expressing the characteristic immunophenotype (i.e., CD5+/CD19+/CD20+dim/CD23+/monotypic light chaindim). The clonal B-cells are typically negative (or only weakly positive) for CD79b and FMC7. Cases in which the number of clonal B-cells in the PB is less than 5.0 × 109/L may be diagnosed as CLL if cytopenias or disease-related symptoms are present, or as SLL if lymphadenopathy and/or splenomegaly are present and the diagnosis is confirmed by tissue biopsy.
The effects of hypophysectomy by means of surgical decapitation on thyroid function in the developing chick embryo. I. Plasma thyroxine.

Abstract The effect of “hypophysectomy” by means of surgical decapitation on blood plasma thyroxine (T 4 ) levels in the chick embryo has been investigated. Blood samples were collected from Days 9.5 through 19.5, with total T 4 determined by a modification of a commercially available radioimmunoassay. Hypophysectomy did not produce a significant change in total T 4 from normal values of 9.5- to 11.5-day embryos. However, by Day 12.5 there was a significant reduction in T 4 , which was observed through Day 19.5 of incubation. Day 15.5 and 16.5 normal embryos were characterized by a sharp increase in plasma T 4 levels. Chronic TSH administration of 15.0 mIU to “hypophysectomized” embryos on Days 11.5, 12.5, and 13.5 raised T 4 levels above hypophysectomized levels on Days 13.5 and 14.5. The above findings demonstrate that in the developing chick embryo the adenohypophyseal-thyroid axis is functional on or about Day 11.5 of incubation.