cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation and interpretation of the OH rotational temperature of the airglow

Abstract The cascading to lower vibrational levels, following the formation of the excited OH molecules, is accompanied by a shift of the rotational populations to higher rotational levels if there is no collisional redistribution. This effect would cause the rotational temperature for v = 5 to be significantly higher than for v = 9 for what appear to be reasonable assumptions regarding the primary excitation mechanism. Since the observations indicate that the rotational temperature is the same for all v, it appears that collisional redistribution must occur. A series of thirty-seven spectra of the OH airglow emissions were obtained in the interval December 1958-January 1960. The seasonal variation in the rotational temperatures derived from them is probably less than 30°K and is in phase with the larger variations observed at higher latitudes. The form of the seasonal variation is similar to the form of the seasonal variation of the sodium abundance but not to that of the auroral frequency.
Ultrasound guided pO2 measurement of breast cancer reoxygenation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and hyperthermia treatment.

The objective of this study was to determine whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with hyperthermia (HT) would improve oxygenation in locally advanced breast tumours. The study describes a new optimized ultrasound guided technique of pO 2 measurement using Eppendorf polarographic oxygen probes in 18 stage IIB-III breast cancer patients. Prior to treatment, tumour hypoxia (median pO 2 < 10 mmHg) was present in 11/18 patients (average median pO 2 = 3.2 mmHg). Seven patients had well oxygenated tumours (median pO 2 of 48.3 mmHg). Eight patients with hypoxic tumours prior to treatment had a significant improvement ( p = 0.0008) in tumour pO 2 after treatment (pO 2 increased to 19.2 mmHg). In three patients, tumours remained hypoxic (average median pO 2 = 4.5 mmHg). The advantages of the ultrasound guided pO 2 probe are in the accuracy of the Eppendorf electrode placement in tumour tissue, the ability to monitor electrode movement through the tumour tissue during the measurement and the ability to a...
Structure of particle-laden turbulent water jets in still water

Abstract The structure of turbulent, dilute, particle-laden water jets, submerged in still water, was studied both experimentally and theoritically. Nonintrusive measurements were made of mean and fluctuating phase velocities and particle number fluxes. Analysis was used to help interpret the measurements, considering three limiting cases, as follows: (1) locally-homogeneous flow, where relative velocities between the phases are ignored; (2) deterministic separated flow, where relative velocities are considered, but particle/turbulence interactions are ignored; and (3) stochastic separated flow, where both phenomena are considered using random-walk methods. The locally-homogeneous flow approximation was more effective than for past work involving larger density ratios between the phases; however, stochastic analysis yielded best agreement with measurements. Effects of enhanced drag (due to high relative turbulent intensities of particle motion) and effects of particles on liquid turbulence properties (turbulence modulation), were observed. Several recent proposals for treating these phenomena were examined; however, none appears to be adequate for reliable general use.
A Critical Look at NGOs and Civil Society as Means to an End in Uzbekistan

This article illustrates how conceptual ambiguities in development work can lead to corruption of the entire aid project based on the international conference in Washington D.C. and the local training seminar in Uzbekistan. It also examines the dialectic of acceptance and subversion of the ideals of nongovernmental organizations by local recipients. In this process the concept of civil society loses any universally understood meaning and value; it also loses its utility as a conceptual category and gains the potential to become an instrument for different interest groups at subnational national and transnational levels. The concluding part presents a proposal for redirecting aid and development in the form of NGOs away from institution-building projects based on western models. Also a proposal that directly address the kinds of social divisions that increasingly threaten to tear Uzbekistan apart. The most significant of these proposals were on the cultural politics surrounding Islam and secularism.
Social movements and the State: The Politics of health reform in Brazil

Abstract This paper shows how institutional factors shape the strategy and condition the success of a social movement. In Brazil's new democracy, a movement of health professionals tried to reform the medical system, which failed to provide adequate health care to the poor. Pervasive clientelism, however, prevented the movement from gaining firm mass support in society. Movement leaders therefore sought top positions inside the state to launch equity-enhancing reform. Yet this state-centered strategy exposed them to severe institutional obstacles, especially bureaucratic politics with its divisive impact, and stubborn opposition from clientelist networks. As a result, the movement achieved few improvements.
Design of High-Neutron-Yield, Polar-drive targets for diagnostic activation experiments on the NIF

Polar-drive (PD) target implosions have been designed for neutron diagnostic development on the NIF. These experiments use thin, room-temperature glass shells filled with low pressures of DT. Initial target implosions on the NIF will produce DT yields in the range of a few 1014 neutrons. The predicted yields are consistent with earlier data (1014 neutrons at 30 kJ) and recent PD scoping experiments performed on OMEGA. The experiments will use existing x-ray-drive phase plates with judicious repointing and defocusing to drive the implosions as uniformly as possible. These implosions have been modeled with three codes: LILAC, to optimize the 1-D design; SAGE, to optimize the pointing uniformity; and DRACO, to predict the yield from 2-D implosion simulations. Current simulation results indicate that the required yields will be obtained using up to 200-kJ UV light formed into a 1500-ps Gaussian pulse. Large-diameter glass shells (~1500-μm OD) are under development and fabrication at General Atomics. As tritium and environmental conditions evolve, similar target designs, with larger diameters and higher laser energies, are expected to produce thermonuclear yields approaching 1016 neutrons.
The relationship between drug use, food neophobia and food addiction

Drug use is associated with eating behaviour. Students with past history of broad drug use ate more in a laboratory snack and reported an elevated desire to eat. In an attempt to find potential mediating psychological variables, exploratory research revealed that high impulsivity is linked to both higher pleasantness of eating foods and consuming alcohol and higher frequency of alcohol use. Those with broader drug use, higher drug consumption, and high enjoyment of intoxication also rated the pleasantness of the taste of foods lower in a questionnaire study. Drug use was not associated with emotional or external eating and dietary restraint (DEBQ). In the present study, a possible link of drug use to food addiction and food neophobia was investigated. Seventy-nine university students (65% women)were administered the FoodNeophobia Scale (FNS), the Food Attitude Survey (FAS), the Yale Food Addiction Scale, Core Alcohol and Drug Survey, and appetite measures. Height and weight were also measured to compute BMI (ranged 18–40). Analyses revealed that breadth of drug use was correlated with lower food neophobia (FNS and FAS), low finickiness (FAS), and low general neophobia. Higher alcohol consumption was also associated with both low food and general neophobia. Food addiction was not related to drug use and BMI was correlated only with food addiction. In multiple regression, wider breadth of drug use emerged as the primary predictor of low neophobia. Low food neophobia and higher drug use have been associated with sensation seeking and it is proposed that it underlies the relationships observed in the present study.
LEED spot profile analysis of the structure of electrochemically treated Pt(100) and Pt(111) surfaces

Abstract The structures formed by oxidation-reduction cycling of ordered Pt(100) and Pt(111) surfaces in aqueous electrolytes were studied using LEED spot profile analysis. Surfaces cycled to anodic potential limits above 1.0 V (RHE) and emersed at 0.5 V gave LEED spots which varied in width periodically with beam energy. The varying spot widths indicated a type of randomly stepped surface, and mean terrace widths were estimated by comparison with the previously published scattering calculations of Henzler and Lu and Lagally. LEED spots from surfaces cycled to potentials below 1.0 V (RHE) remained sharp at all beam energies. The restructuring resulted from the anodic formation of an amorphous surface oxide phaes involving place exchange of platinum and oxygen followed by a reduction process in which the platinum atoms do not all return to their original positions in the surface lattice. The observed spot profiles changed both with the the number of cycles and with the upper potential limit. Cycling to 1.28–1.58 V produced characteristically different structures than cycling to limits of 1.08–1.28 V. At the higher potentials, a randomly-stepped surface was formed whose mean terrace width and extent of vertical relief were functions of the total anodic charge. Cycling to the lower potential limits produced a type of structure which is intermediate between the classical two-level island and the multi-level randomly-stepped structure. A three-level structure with a high degree of correlation between the first (island-like) and third (hole-like) levels is proposed for the latter.
Growth hormone responses following double pulse oral glucose administration in various clinical states.

The 8-h double pulse oral glucose test is proposed as an alternative screening procedure for determining the adequacy of growth hormone (GH) release. The second pulse of glucose is timely in suppressing GH release and delaying it for a more predictable controlled elevation. Peak GH (mean ± sd) values following the double pulse glucose test were 17 ± 10.2, 16.5 ± 2.2, and 1.3 ± 0.5 ng/ml in normal controls, short stature patients and GH deficient patients, respectively. Peak GH values following insulin hypoglycemia were 36.9 ± 13.8, 21.9 ± 23.0 and 1.8 ± 1.1 ng/ml in normal controls, short stature patients and GH-deficient patients. Peak GH values during a 5-h oral glucose tolerance test were 16.4 ± 6.0 and 10.2 ± 3.3 ng/ml in normal controls and short patients, respectively. These differences in peak GH values between the various clinical and control groups were not significantly different except for the greater GH peak values reached in short patients in the double pulse glucose test compared to the 5-h ...
Targeting radiopharmaceuticals: comparative biodistribution studies of gallium and indium complexes of multidentate ligands.

New multidentate ligands with structures similar to N,N′-bis[2-hydroxybenzyl]ethylenediamme-N,N′-diacetic acid (HBED) and N,N′-bis(pyridoxyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (PLED) were synthesized. The in vitro lipophilicity, electrophoretic behavior, and the in vivo biodistribution were studied for the 111In- and 67,68Ga-complexes of N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (Me4HBED); N,N′-bis(5-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (t-butyl HBED); N,N′-bis[2-hydroxy-5-sulfobenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (SHBED); N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl)ethylenediamine-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N′-acetic acid (HBMA); and N,N′-bis(5-deoxypyridoxyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (DPLED). The biodistribution of the radiometal complexes were carried out in rats and an imaging study was performed in a non-human primate. The rapid clearance of the lipophilic complexes from blood and through the hepatobiliary system was easily demonstrated; as well, the hydrophilic complexes were cleared rapidly through the urinary tract. Positron emission tomographic images were generated from a study in a primate after administration of 68Ga-t-butyl HBED. These images well demonstrate the efficient liver accumulation and rapid hepatobiliary clearance (< 1 h) and well differentiate images of the liver and gall bladder.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in an adolescent patient

Chest pain is a frequent complaint requiring evaluation. The differential diagnosis is extensive and includes diseases of the respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal, neurologic, or musculoskeletal systems. This report describes an adolescent patient with chest pain secondary to spontaneous pneumomediastinum. The work-up and etiology is discussed.
Enlisting New Teachers in Clinical Environments (ENTICE); novel ways to engage clinicians.

PURPOSE To explore the barriers and incentives that affect primary care providers who precept students in outpatient clinics in the US. METHOD In 2013, leadership of our large primary care group sent a 20-question survey via e-mail to all of the 180 providers within the network. The survey assessed provider demographics, precepting history, learner preferences, and other issues that might affect future decisions about teaching. RESULTS The response rate was 50% (90 providers). The top reasons for precepting in the past were enjoyment for teaching and personal interaction with learners. The most commonly cited reason for not precepting previously was a perceived lack of time followed by increased productivity demands. When questioned about the future, 65% (59 respondents) indicated that they were likely to precept within the next 6 months. A desired reduction in productivity expectations was the most commonly cited motivator, followed by anticipated monetary compensation and adjusted appointment times. A top barrier to future precepting was a belief that teaching decreases productivity and requires large amounts of time. CONCLUSION This survey represents an opportunity to study a change in focus for a cohort of busy clinicians who were mostly new to teaching but not new to clinical practice. The survey provides further insight into clinician educators' perceptions regarding the education of a variety of different learners. The results align with data from previous studies in that time pressures and productivity demands transcend specific programs and learner backgrounds. This information is critical for future clerkship directors and hospital administrators in order to understand how to increase support for potential preceptors in medical education.
Temporomandibular joint imaging A comparative study of diagnostic accuracy for the detection of bone change with biplanar multidirectional tomography and panoramic images

This in vitro investigation compares biplanar (sagittal and coronal) temporomandibular joint images produced by multidirectional tomographic and panoramic techniques for diagnostic accuracy in the detection of simulated degenerative lesions. A series of dentin chips placed at four locations on the head of a temporomandibular joint condyle in a dried human skull were imaged with tomographic and panoramic modalities. Equal numbers of images with and without chips were scored by four examiners with the use of confidence levels for presence or absence of the lesion. To assess intra-examiner reliability, each examiner viewed one of the modalities twice. Responses were assessed by generating receiver operating characteristic curves and analyzing the area (Az) under the curves with analysis of variation methods. Biplanar tomography provided significantly more accurate assessment of condylar lesions than biplanar panoramic images (p=0.007). No statistical difference by location (p=0.592) was found. The effects of observer and repeated observation were marginally significant at p=0.046 and p=0.030, respectively.
The good society versus the state: Freedom and necessity in political innovation

As a practical enterprise, political inquiry has historically tried to address as well as to understand the world. The recent efforts of political theorists in this regard have generally involved the articulation of visions of the good society which are inattentive to real-world constraints. On the other hand, empirical work which has dealt with structural questions normally proceeds in deterministic terms, especially in regard to the constraints under which states operate. A productive combination of the two traditions would have political theory supply the conceptual resources to counteract the imaginative deficiencies of empirical work. The latter in its turn would supply empirical resources to counteract the idealism of political theory. This combination is deployed here to discover and enumerate spaces for freedom in political innovation amid structural necessity. These spaces are discovered in connection with depression, war, local politics, collapsed peripheries, autonomous public spheres, revoluti...
Methanesulfonato complexes of cobalt, nickel, and copper

Abstract Cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) complexes of the general formula [ML4(CH3)2] are reported (L = pyridine and 4-methylpyridine). Also prepared was [Co(py)2(CH3)2]. Infrared and electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that all are high-spin tetragonally distorted octahedral complexes Upon evaluation of crystal field parameters, Ds and Dt, it was found that the methanesufonate anion coordinates more strongly than perchlorate and tetrafiuoroborate, but less strongly than chloride and bromide.
The metabolism of small cellular RNA species during productive subgroup C adenovirus infection

Abstract During the late phase of subgroup C adenovirus infection, export of cellular mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm isinhibited. In one approach to investigate the mechanism whereby viral late mRNAs are selected for export, we have examined the metabolism of small cellular RNA species transcribed by all three RNA polymerases during the late phase of Ad5 infection. No changes in the quantities of [ 3 H]uridine-labeled 5S rRNA or tRNAs entering the cytoplasm were observed in infected cells. Adenovirus type 5 infection reduced the nuclear and cytoplasmic populations of the newly synthesized, snRNP-associated snRNAs U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6. Transcription of a representative snRNA, U1 RNA, was not inhibited, indicating that the post-transcriptional metabolism of snRNAs was perturbed during the late phase of infection. The increased cytoplasmic concentration of newly synthesized U1 RNA in Ad5- compared to mock-infected cells, and the greater reduction of the snRNP-associated compared to the total U1 RNA population, indicated that snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm was impaired. As adenovirus infection does not perturb export from the nucleus of small cellular mRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerases II and III, viral mRNA must be distinguished for selective export at a nuclear step upstream of translocation to the cytoplasm via nuclear pore complexes.
Molecular mechanisms of receptor desensitization using the β -adrenergic receptor-coupled adenylate cyclase system as a model

Desensitization, the tendency of biological responses to wane over time despite the continuous presence of a stimulus of constant intensity, is observed in organisms as diverse as bacteria and mammals. Recently, new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena have emerged from the study of the receptors coupled to the ubiquitous second messenger-generating system adenylate cyclase. These mechanisms involve sequestration or down-regulation of the receptors from the cell surface as well as functionally significant covalent modifications of the receptors and / or guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins.
1027-43 T Wave Evolution in Children with LQTS

T wave abnormalities are common in long QT syndrome (LQTS) patients and recently. more attention has been directed to this topic. The evolution of T wave morphology during early development in LQTS children has not been studied in depth. Methods T wave morphology was compared at newborn, 1–6 months, and each year of age to 15 years on 155 ECGs from 63 unmedicated LQTS children (mean QTc of 0.48 ± 0.03), and 383 ECGs from 253 age matched normal unaffected family members, (QTc 0.41 ± 0.02). T wave forms were defined as upright, inverted, biphasic, bifid or a subtle hump near the peak of the T wave (SH). The incidence of each T wave form was determined for each lead in each age group. Comparisons were made between LQTS and normals (NLS) using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test. Results 1. Incidence of inverted and biphasic Twaves was not different in LOTS and NLS, and the incidence decreased with increasing age. 2. SH and bifid T waves were more frequent in LQTS (p l 0.002 and l0.02 respectively) in leads I, II, AVR, AVE V4-6. The incidence of SH and bifid Twave decreased with increasing age first in the limb leads and then in left precordial leads, in both LQTS and NLS. Conclusion The age dependent T wave evolution from inverted to upright in precordial leads is the same in LQTS children as normals, consistent with normal cardiac development in LQTS. In contrast, SH and bifid T wave morphologies were more frequent in LQTS patients. These T wave morphologies may provide insight into the pathophysiology and diagnosis of the syndrome.
Strees analysis of variable cross‐section indeterminate beams using reopeated integration

A simple computer method is presented for analysing statically indeterminate beams having sectionally constant EI values and loads consisting of any number of arbitrarily placed concentrated forces and couples as well as any number of uniform and ramp loads. Unknown reactions are treated as parameters which are determined by simulataneous imposition of end conditions and interior constraints. Support locations are specified independently of any discontinuites of load or cross-section. A computer program implementing this method is described which has very concise data input considerably shorter than tupically required in programs based on the stiffness method.
Social Robot Toolkit: Tangible Programming for Young Children

Teaching children how to program has gained broad interest in the last decade. Approaches range from visual programming languages, tangible programming, as well as programmable robots. We present a novel social robot toolkit that extends common approaches along three dimensions. (i) We propose a tangible programming approach that is suitable for young children with reusable vinyl stickers to represent rules for the robot to perform. (ii) We make use of social robots that are designed to interact directly with children. (iii) We focus the programming tasks and activities around social interaction. In other words, children teach an expressive relational robot how to socially interact by showing it a tangible sticker rulebook that they create. To explore various activities and interactions, we teleoperated the robot's sensors. We present qualitative analysis of children's engagement in and uses of the social robot toolkit and show that they learn to create new rules, explore complex computational concepts, and internalize the mechanism with which robots can be programmed.
Joint spectrum allocation and scheduling in multi-radio multi-channel cognitive radio wireless networks

Cognitive radio can dynamically adapt to the available spectrum in the wireless network. Scheduling and spectrum allocation are tasks affecting the performance of cognitive radio wireless network. In [1], an iterative approach was proposed to efficiently compute the optimal scheduling for wireless mesh networks with single channel and single radio. The optimal scheduling problem is decomposed to a sequence of small optimization problems and maximum weighted independent set (MWIS) problems, and both of them can be computed quickly even for large networks. For example, the optimal scheduling can be computed for the mesh network with more than 2,000 links in less than one hour. Here, the iterative algorithm is extended to the cognitive radio wireless network with multi-channel and multi-radio. Allowing the schedule problem over multi-channel multi-radio results in higher dimension optimization problem. However, the proposed algorithm can obtain the optimal spectrum allocation and the schedule quickly for moderate size of networks. Numerical experiments show that the optimal throughput is achieved when the number of channels is one or two more than the number of interfaces.
Interactive Instruction in Otolaryngology Resident Education

Today's academic faculty was typically trained under an education system based entirely on didactic lectures. However, if the aim is to teach thinking or change attitudes beyond the simple transmission of factual knowledge, then lectures alone, without active involvement of the students, are not the most effective method of teaching. If the goals of teaching are to arouse and keep students' interest, give facts and details, to make students think critically about the subject, and to prepare for independent studies by demonstration of problem solving and professional reasoning, then only two of these purposes are suited to didactic lectures. The problem then is how to organize lecture material so that individual student's learning needs are better addressed. The education literature suggests that instruction include a variety of activities designed to stimulate individual thought. These activities include small group discussion, working problems during lecture time, questions included in the lecture, and quizzes at the end of lecture, among others. The current study was undertaken to examine the feasibility of using these types of interactive learning techniques in an otolaryngology residency program. Possibilities considered in the current study include standard interactive lecturing, facilitated discussion, brainstorming, small group activities, problem solving, competitive large group exercises, and the use of illustrative cliff hanger and incident cases. The feasibility of these methodologies being effectively incorporated into a residency curriculum is discussed.
Regulation of thymocyte homeostasis by Fliz1

Fliz1 (fetal liver zinc finger protein 1) is a novel zinc finger protein preferentially expressed in fetal liver hematopoietic progenitors and in several adult organs, including the thymus. To investigate the in vivo function of Fliz1 in regulating the development of T cell lineage, we generated and studied transgenic mice overexpressing human Fliz1 in a T-cell specific and inducible manner. We found that overexpression of human Fliz1 in adult animals resulted in a substantial decrease in total number of thymocytes due to enhanced apoptosis, whereas maturation of thymocytes remained undisturbed. The Fliz1-induced apoptosis is dependent on the N-terminus of Fliz1, which contains an acidic and a serine-rich domains, and might be due to augmented expression of bad, a pro-apoptotic gene. Taken together, our data suggest that Fliz1 plays a role in regulating thymocyte homeostasis.
Microstructure of two‐phase random media. II. The Mayer–Montroll and Kirkwood–Salsburg hierarchies

It is shown that the Mayer–Montroll (MM) and Kirkwood–Salsburg (KS) hierarchies of equilibrium statistical mechanics for a binary mixture under certain limits become equations for the n‐point matrix probability functions Sn associated with two‐phase random media. The MM representation proves to be identical to the Sn expression derived by us in a previous paper, whereas the KS representation is different and new. These results are shown to illuminate our understanding of the Sn from both a physical and quantitative point of view. In particular rigorous upper and lower bounds on the Sn are obtained for a two‐phase medium formed so as to be in a state of thermal equilibrium. For such a medium consisting of impenetrable‐sphere inclusions in a matrix, a new exact expression is also given for Sn in terms of a two‐body probability distribution function ρ2 as well as new expressions for S3 in terms of ρ2 and ρ3, a three‐body distribution function. Physical insight into the nature of these results is given by ext...
Enhancements to the FDTD method for steady‐state power‐deposition analysis in microwave‐heating cavities

We describe two enhancements to the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for the steady-state power-dissipation analysis of microwave-heating cavities. The first enhancement accounts for the accumulated numerical errors in the simulation due to nonphysical reflection effects from the absorbing boundary condition (ABC). The second enhancement is a new convergence metric for the determination of steady state, using the variance of the power-balance error in the system over a number of excitation periods. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 530–534, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21220
Maleylacetoacetate cis-trans isomerase: One-step double cis-trans isomerization of monomethyl muconate and the enzyme's probable role in benzene metabolism☆

Abstract Maleylacetoacetate cis-trans isomerase together with glutathione has been found to isomerize cis-trans isomers of monomethyl muconate. Isomerization about a single double bond and concerted double isomerization of the diene unit occurs. In addition to the variations in substrate structure previously identified the current results demonstrate that a cis,cis diene skeleton and a conjugated ester function are accepted by the enzyme. The present work and the fiding of trans,trans -muconic acid in the urine of benzene-fed mice ( M. M. Gad-El-Karim, V. M. Sadagopa Ramanujam, and M. S. Legator (1985) Xenobiotica 15 , 211) suggest that maleylacetoacetate cis-trans isomerase may be responsible for the geometrical isomerization. However, cis,cis -muconaldehydic acid rather than cis,cis -muconic acid is suggested to be the early intermediate in benzene metabolism capable of rapid enzyme-catalyzed cis-trans isomerization.
Modification by halogenated anaesthetics of chronotropic response during reversal of neuromuscular blockade.

The effect ofhalothane and enflurane on changes in heart rate during reversal of neuromuscular block was compared in 48 adult patients. Premedication and anaesthetic technique were standardized. Either halothane or enflurane was the primary anaesthetic while pancuronium was used in all patients to achieve muscle relaxation. Ventilation was mechanically controlled and PaCO2 was between 30–40 mmHg. The neuromuscular block was reversed by an intravenous injection of atropine 12 mg and neostigmine 2.5 mg, given either separately or simultaneously, in different patient subgroups. Heart rate changes were significantly different between the halothane and enflurane groups. In general, reversal of neuromuscular block was accompanied by less fluctuations in heart rate after enflurane as compared to halothane anaesthesia. Simultaneous injection of atropine and neostigmine modified the tachycardiac response in the halothane sub-group only, Our observations suggest that use of enflurane offers an advantage over halothane in those patients in whom rapid fluctuations in heart rate during reversal of neuromuscular block may be dangerous.
Statistics of twin-related domains and the grain boundary network

Abstract The twin-related domain, or a collection of contiguous grains related by twinning operations, is proposed as the basis for the analysis of grain boundary network connectivity in materials prone to annealing twinning. The distribution of the number of grains in a twin-related domain was measured for materials with a variety of compositions and processing histories. The Weibull distribution is found to accurately reflect many features of the twin-related domain populations, and the parameters of the Weibull distribution vary systematically with the number fraction of resistant boundaries in the microstructure. An alternative model based on the microstructural effects of sequential thermomechanical processing is proposed. This provides an overall fit to the experimental data of comparable quality to the Weibull distribution, while allowing an interpretation of the model parameters that suggests a refinement of the usual thermomechanical processing schedule.
SECULAR CHANGES IN RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY UTILIZATION RATES IN OLMSTED COUNTY, MINNESOTA 1980 TO 1995

AbstractPurpose: We estimated the changes in utilization of radical prostatectomy for treatment of prostate cancer and describe the clinical characteristics of men undergoing radical prostatectomy in a population based setting.Materials and Methods: The Rochester Epidemiology Project was used to identify all Olmsted County residents who underwent radical prostatectomy from 1980 to 1995. The community medical records of these men were reviewed to determine the clinical and pathological stage and grade at biopsy and following surgery.Results: From 1980 to 1995, 311 radical prostatectomies were performed on Olmsted County men. From 1980 to 1987 prostatectomy rates ranged from 6.3 to 31.0/100,000 men but rates increased dramatically to 53.6/100,000 in 1988 and 106.2/100,000 in 1992. The rate after 1992 decreased to 53.0/100,000 and then increased slightly to 80.4/100,000. There was a shift to younger age in more recent times (mean patient age 65.4 years in 1980 to 1986 and 62.4 in 1993 to 1995, p = 0.02), a n...
An extension of the penalty function formulation to incompressible hyperelastic solids described by general measure of strain

The penalty function formulation for incompressible hyperelastic solids was first proposed about 30 years ago. Since then all studies have been limited to invariant type formulation of the strain energy function, although it is well known that this formulation does not correctly describe the behavior of a real material. On the other hand more realistic constitutive equations, based on general measures of the strain only, have been incorporated to mixed finite element algorithms. In this article, a penalty function formulation is proposed for the analysis of stress field in materials with constitutive equations based on the general measure of strain. The reduced integration method is used to weaken the penalty constraint in order to obtain meaningful numerical results. The incremental equilibrium equations are solved using the regular Newton–Raphson algorithm. The method is applied to evaluate the stress field in materials subjected to plane strain conditions. Satisfactory agreements have been obtained with analytical solutions when available. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
USING PROXIMITIES ANALYSIS IN THE QUANTIFICATION OF STIMULUS SIMILARITY

Summary.-Proximitier analysis of similarities data was the objective of this study. Experimental questions were: Can the psychological space implied by judgments of similarity be recovered and represented metrically; will it approximate the preconstructed physical space of the stimuli, and if so, what are the implications? Complex, physically similar stimuli were constructed according to rules of ciscumplex analysis; similarities judgments were obtained using the complete method of triads, and judgment data were examined by proximilies analysis. Results demonstrated that the psychological space was recoverable and it closely resembled the physical similarity of the stimuli. The importance of these findings and their implications for other research were discussed. Quantifying both sides of the S-R paradigm is important co general goals of p~ychology. Although the response side has historically received the emphasis, current trends are bringing attention to bear upon the stimulus. When applicable, the quantification system of the physical scientist has proved to be a valuable tool; however, ic is not completely satisfactory because psychology deals with important stimulus features which do not conform to this system. One such feature is stimulus similarity, and its importance is seen by its position in theories of learning, generalization and transfer. Despite this prominence, a statement of its explicit contribution to these theories has not been formulated. A major reason for this is the lack of an appropriate technique for its quantification. Shepard (1962a, 1962b) has postulated a model which, perhaps, corrects this deficiency, and if this is true, he has provided a prerequisite to conducting research for determining the specific role stimulus similarity plays in psychological theory. Shepard has indicated that psychological similarity can be represented in terms of proximity. He suggests an isomorphism between the psychological space implied in subjective judgments of similarity on one hand and the metric axioms of physical space on the other. The model is a multidimensional technique, and it has been programmed for computer use at Bell Telephone Laboratories. The purpose of this study was to use proximities analysis to investigate the structure of similarity implied in the perceptual judgment of stimuli preconstructed to be physically similar. Specific questions were: (I) Can the psychological space implied by judgments of similarity be recovered and represented metrically; (2) Will the recovered space approximate the preconstructed physical space; and (3) What are the implications if positive answers are found for questions (1) and (2)'
Individual differences in the influence of phonological characteristics on expressive vocabulary development by young children

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The original is available at http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=465943&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0305000906007458
Implant-Supported Crown Design and the Risk for Peri-Implantitis

Focused Clinical Question: Is dental implant crown design and overcontour a risk for peri-implantitis?Summary: Peri-implantitis is a very significant complication in implant therapy caused by bacterial infection on the implant surfaces. Peri-implantitis can become a liability issue in clinical practice, mainly because of the patient’s expectation, additional expense involved, and the need for additional surgical and restorative procedures. The use of preventive plaque control measures and strict recall programs are very important in clinical practices involved in implant dentistry. There are many risk factors associated with peri-implantitis, such as biologic, mechanical, and iatrogenic. This paper focuses on the potential risk associated with implant-supported overcontoured restorations, which favor bacterial biofilm accumulation and, most importantly, restrict appropriate hygiene access by the patient and the dental care provider, leading to peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. This paper also s...
Wisconsin Card Sort Test Performance in a Healthy Elderly Population

A 64-card version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST) was administered to 5 groups (n = 95), aged 17 to 25, 64 to 69, 70 to 74, 75 to 79 and 80 to 87 years. The elderly groups were chosen for their lack of medical problems in order to determine if previously reported age-related deficits were due to chronic medical problems or to aging per se. The resulting pattern of means showed statistically significant differences only for number of categories attained and total number of errors. For both variables, the 80- to 87-year-old group performed more poorly than the 64- to 69-year-old group. These results, although consistent with previous findings suggestive of frontal lobe vulnerability in old age, indicate that deterioration is less marked for a healthy elderly population.
Refractory tubes for protection of metal jets issuing from a steel-pouring ladle during continuous casting

At the continuous-casting line at NLMW we have tested pouring with a protected stream of metal from the steel-pouring ladle with the aid of quartz and graphite-chamotte tubes. It was established that the optimum design of the protective device consists of a refractory tube 750 mm long in conjunction with a stationary tube fixed on the lid of the intermediate ladle. At the point of junction between the two tubes, inert gas is injected to give additional protection. The structure of the device for bringing the tube up to the ladle should ensure tight joining of the tube with the collector nozzle and mobility of the tube during pouring.
Visual Dysfunctions and Symptoms During the Subacute Stage of Blast-Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to assess the occurrence of visual dysfunctions and associated symptoms in active duty warfighters during the subacute stage of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). A comprehensive visual and oculomotor function evaluation was performed on 40 U.S. military personnel, 20 with blast-induced mTBI and 20 without. In addition, a comprehensive symptom questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of visual, vestibular, and neuropsychiatric-associated symptoms. The most common mTBI-induced visual dysfunctions were associated with near oculomotor deficits, particularly large exophoria, decreased fusion ranges, receded near point of convergence, defective pursuit and saccadic eye movements, decreased amplitude of accommodation, and monocular accommodative facility. These were associated with reduced reading speed and comprehension and an increased Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey score. Photosensitivity was a common visual dysfunction along with he...
Effects of Naloxone on Canine Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle

The pharmacological effects of naloxone on cerebral arterial smooth muscle in vitro were examined using canine basilar arterial strips. Naloxone exerted two different effects on canine basilar artery: (1) at a high concentration (3 X 10(-4) M) it produced nonspecific vasodilation, and (2) at lower concentrations (3 X 10(-7), 3 X 10(-6), and 3 X 10(-5) M) it inhibited the vasoconstrictor effects of norepinephrine without altering KCl-, serotonin-, or hemoglobin-induced constriction. Morphine (2 X 10(-5) or 2 X 10(-4) M) did not reverse the specific vasodilating effect of naloxone (3 X 10(-5) M) on norepinephrine-induced constriction. Rather, morphine and naloxone together produced a greater vasodilating effect on norepinephrine-induced constriction than either agent alone. Naloxone (3 X 10(-5) M) failed to alter either phenylephrine-induced constriction or clonidine-induced constriction. The vasodilating effect of naloxone (3 X 10(-5) M) on 10(-3) M norepinephrine-induced constriction was not reduced with 10(-6) M propranolol. These results suggest that the vasodilating effect of naloxone on norepinephrine-induced constriction does not result from an antagonistic action on opiate receptors, direct inhibition of alpha-adrenoreceptors, or direct stimulation of beta-adrenoreceptors in canine cerebral arterial smooth muscle. The vasodilating effect of naloxone on norepinephrine-induced constriction may influence the CBF changes following naloxone administration.
Coupled Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) Modeling of Parallel Plate Assemblies

As part of the Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI) Reactor Conversion program, the fuel assembly at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) is undergoing a significant redesign. The proposed fuel structure is based on low-enriched uranium foils. The proposed aluminum-clad LEU foil fuel plates for the MURR core are significantly thinner than the currently used fuel plates. Further, the monolithic structure of the proposed fuel is fundamentally different than the current design based on powder metallurgy. Consequently, coolant flow reduction due to flow induced deformation of the proposed fuel plates is of concern. The goal of the current analysis is to estimate the amount of flow induced deformation of the proposed LEU-based fuel plates when subjected to coolant flow imbalance due to fuel plate assembly tolerances. Previous methods for assessing fuel plate deflection have relied heavily on analytic and experimental techniques. With the continued advancement of computational codes, new options are now available to assess structural stability. The current approach is to explicitly couple a commercial CFD code with a commercial FEM code. This paper will describe the convergence and stability criteria that were developed to obtain an accurate deflection solution. Time step management and pressure ramping strategies were effectively used as relaxation parameters to improve the computational stability. Additionally, mesh quality criterion were developed and are enforced during a simulation. Benchmarking of the numeric results to analytic calculations is also presented.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Ex situ metrology of x-ray diffraction gratings

Abstract The idea of measurements of groove density distributions of diffraction gratings suggested and first realized in Proceedings of SPIE 5858, (2005) 58580A consists of determination of the spatial frequency of the first harmonic peak appearing in the power spectral density (PSD) distribution of the grating surface profile observed with a microscope. Using a MicroMap™-570 interferometric microscope, it was experimentally proven that this technique is capable of high precision measurements with x-ray gratings with groove densities of about 250 grooves/mm, varying along the grating by ±5%. In the present work, we provide analytical and experimental background for useful application of PSD characterization of groove densities of diffraction gratings. In particular, we analyze the shape of harmonic peaks and derive an analytical fitting function suitable for fitting the PSD peaks obtained with gratings with a variety of groove shapes. We demonstrate the capabilities of the method by application to the groove density distribution measurements with a 300-groove/mm grating suitable for soft x-ray applications.
Bilateral Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma in a Migraine Patient Receiving Topiramate: A Case Report

Abstract Background: Patients with migraine headaches are frequently prescribed topiramate to treat their condition. Case Report: We present a case of bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma occurring 2 days after topiramate therapy was increased for symptoms related to migraine. Conclusion: Acute angle-closure glaucoma secondary to topiramate is an uncommon but serious adverse reaction that may result in severe morbidity such as permanent visual loss if not recognized in a timely manner. Treatment differs from primary acute angle-closure glaucoma in that discontinuation of topiramate is necessary for the glaucoma to resolve.
The SORCE Mission

The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite carries four scientific instruments that measure the solar radiation at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere. The mission is an important flight component of NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS), which in turn is the major observational and scientific element of the U.S. Global Change Research Program. The scientific objectives of SORCE are to make daily measurements of the total solar irradiance and of spectral solar irradiance from 120 to 2000 nm with additional measurements of the energetic X-rays. Solar radiation provides the dominant energy source for the Earth system and detailed understanding of its variation is essential for atmospheric and climate studies. SORCE was launched on January 25, 2003 and has an expected lifetime through the next solar minimum in about 2007. The spacecraft and all instruments have operated flawlessly during the first 2 years, and this paper provides an overview of the mission and discusses the contributions that SORCE is making to improve understanding of the Sun’s influence on the Earth environment.