cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-healing process and d.c. breakdown in thermally grown stearic acid thin films

Abstract Thin organic films of fatty acids deposited by the dipping technique have received considerable attention in recent years in both basic and applied research. In this paper our recent work on d.c. breakdown field strengths of stearic acid thin films prepared by thermal evaporation in vacuum is described. Since these vacuum-deposited films contained a relatively high density of weak spots, voids and/or inhomogeneities, their breakdown strengths were at least an order of magnitude lower than those of the corresponding specimens prepared by the dipping technique. Therefore, the specimens were first allowed to undergo a “self-healing” process which resulted in an increase in the sample resistance and an improved breakdown strength. The nature of the self-healing process is qualitatively discussed considering some chemical changes and/or melting of the film between the electrodes. Further, we discuss two types of breakdowns, single hole and self-propagating, observed in vacuum-evaporated films. The voltage-time and voltage-current characteristics and micrographs of breakdowns in these films are illustrated. The breakdown process is believed to be an electronic-modified thermal event.
Characteristics of patients with ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) presenting with acute pancreatitis: implications for the natural history and etiology of a KPD subgroup.

ABSTRACT Objective Reports of concomitant diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and acute pancreatitis (AP) are lacking among emerging forms of diabetes. This longitudinal study characterized ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) in patients presenting with concomitant AP and DKA. Methods Multi-ethnic KPD patients (N = 755) were followed prospectively for 1 year from the time of index DKA using repeated metabolic and beta cell functional reserve measures. Baseline and longitudinal characteristics were compared between KPD patients whose index DKA was associated with (n = 54) or without (n = 701) AP. Results The AP group had significantly higher baseline serum amylase, lipase, and triglyceride levels and significantly lower bicarbonate levels than the non-AP group. AP patients had significantly greater C-peptide area-under-the-curve with glucagon stimulation shortly after the index DKA, and higher fasting C-peptide (FCP) levels 6 to 12 months later. Using the validated "Aβ" KPD classification, 85% of AP patients had β+ status (preserved beta cell functional reserve), compared to 60% of non-AP patients (P = .04). Multivariate analysis revealed that among the β+ KPD subgroup with an identifiable precipitating factor for DKA ("provoked" DKA), patients with AP had worse long-term glycemic outcomes than patients whose DKA was associated with other factors. Conclusion Despite greater clinical severity at presentation, KPD patients with AP have better preserved beta cell function than those without AP. β+ KPD patients presenting with AP have worse long-term glycemic control than those with other causes of provoked DKA. Factors other than beta cell function negatively impact glycemic control in KPD patients presenting with AP.
Targeting Epoxides for Organ Damage in Hypertension

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are synthesized from arachidonic acid and EETs have a number of beneficial cardiovascular actions. This has led to the concept that EETs and its metabolic pathway can be therapeutically targeted for hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. One approach has been to prevent the conversion of EETs to their inactive diols by inhibiting the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme. Inhibition of sEH has been demonstrated to decrease blood pressure in certain experimental models of hypertension, decrease inflammation, and protect organs from damage associated with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. The development of sEH inhibitors has reached the point where they are being evaluated in humans. A second therapeutic approach has been to develop EET agonists. EET agonists have been essential for determining the structure function relationship for EETs and determining cell-signaling mechanisms by which EETs exert their cardiovascular actions. More recently, EET agonists have been administered chronically to experimental animal models of hypertension and metabolic syndrome and have been demonstrated to decrease blood pressure, improve insulin signaling, and improve vascular function. These experimental findings provide evidence for sEH inhibitors and EET agonists as a therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and the associated end-organ damage.
Assessment of troubled families

Terri Combs-Orme, PhD , is associate professor ; College of Social Work , Children's Mental Health Services Research Center ; University of Tennessee, Henson Hall , Knoxville, TN 37996; e-mail : tcombs-orme@utk.edu. Katherine H, Thomas , MSSW, CMSW, is mental health social worker ; Senior Dynamics Unit , Baptist Hospital of East Tennessee, Knoxville. Funding for the study on which this article is based was provided by the Lois and Samuel Silberman Fund. The authors thank Margaret Cavaleris , James Gary, and Larry Gibney for their assistance in the collection of data and John Orme for valuable comments and suggestions on early drafts of this article. Families vices rections, these are frequently families agencies. suffering mental should seen Effective health, from in be child troubled guided and welfare, intervention other by relationships competent youth social with corserare frequently seen in child welfare, youth cor-
Differential microstructure and physiology of brain and bone metastases in a rat breast cancer model by diffusion and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI

Pharmacological approaches to treat breast cancer metastases in the brain have been met with limited success. In part, the impermeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB) has hindered delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to metastatic tumors in the brain. BBB-permeable chemotherapeutic drugs are being developed, and noninvasively assessing the efficacy of these agents will be important in both preclinical and clinical settings. In this regard, dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to monitor tumor vascular permeability and cellularity, respectively. In a rat model of metastatic breast cancer, we demonstrate that brain and bone metastases develop with distinct physiological characteristics as measured with MRI. Specifically, brain metastases have limited permeability of the BBB as assessed with DCE and an increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured with DWI compared to the surrounding brain. Microscopically, brain metastases were highly infiltrative, grew through vessel co-option, and caused extensive edema and injury to the surrounding neurons and their dendrites. By comparison, metastases situated in the leptomenengies or in the bone had high vascular permeability and significantly lower ADC values suggestive of hypercellularity. On histological examination, tumors in the bone and leptomenengies were solid masses with distinct tumor margins. The different characteristics of these tissue sites highlight the influence of the microenvironment on metastatic tumor growth. In light of these results, the suitability of DWI and DCE to evaluate the response of chemotherapeutic and anti-angiogenic agents used to treat co-opted brain metastases, respectively, remains a formidable challenge.
Tidal pumping of water between Bahamian blue holes, aquifers, and the ocean

Summary Exchange of water between conduits and aquifers occurs in many continental karst settings because allogenic recharge from confined catchments causes hydraulic heads in conduits to increase faster than in the aquifer. Most modern carbonate platforms lack allogenic catchments, allowing rainfall to recharge the aquifer uniformly without sufficiently altering head gradients to drive exchange between conduits and aquifers. Some modern carbonate platforms experience tidal variations which could lead to head gradients that drive exchange. To determine the impact of tides on exchange, we measured water elevations at high temporal resolution in the ocean, blue holes and wells on San Salvador Island and Rum Cay, Bahamas. Dampened tidal amplitudes inland indicate diffusivity values (transmissivity/storativity) at wells were around 1.3 × 106 m2/day and at blue holes were around 76.9 × 106 m2/day, assuming dampening results only from head loss. These diffusivity values were used to estimate hydraulic conductivity values of around 4.0–294 × 104 m/day although they may be lower if the aquifer thickness is greater than the estimated 10 m. We assume wells provide values representing greater influence of matrix permeability than values from blue holes, which represent a greater influence of conduit permeability. Differences in permeability drive exchange because hydraulic head in the aquifer lags the head in the conduits and blue hole through a tidal cycle. If negligible head loss occurs with flow through conduits, as reflected in lag times less than 10 min, then differences in elevation at the blue holes and the ocean may represent exchange of water between the blue hole and matrix porosity. With this assumption, about 0.9 m3 of water is exchanged per half tidal cycle, or about 1% of the complete change in volume of water in the blue hole per half tidal cycle. This volume represents an average penetration into the aquifer of 6–8 mm although it could be further in zones with elevated permeability. Exchange is reflected in systematic changes in specific conductivity and pH between high and low tide and the pH changes reflect reaction with the surrounding aquifer material. Since exchange occurs twice daily, cumulative alteration of aquifer porosity could be large. Tidal exchange should decrease away from the coast on large carbonate platforms so that tidally driven alteration will be enhanced at the rims over interior of carbonate platforms.
Development and application of sheet-forming simulation

Abstract Finite-element modeling (FEM) programs for analyzing sheet-forming operations have been developed at The Ohio State University for many years now and have been tested against experiments and various benchmarks. Recent algorithm developments have extended the applicability of the membrane method to arbitrary, 3-D draw-type operations and have improved both the stability and the speed of the original method, even when the wall angle approaches vertical. The usefulness of the newest algorithm is demonstrated by simulations of 2-D and 3-D forming operations, including 1991 VDI Benchmark and 1993 NUMISHEET Benchmark geometrics. Preliminary results and discussion are presented for a new method for introducing bending stiffness into the membrane model without adding degrees of freedom, and for using this approach to compute the springback response in two dimensions.
Study of the adsorption of acridine and phenazine on aluminum oxide using tunnelling spectroscopy

Abstract The tunnelling spectra of acridine, acridine-d9 and phenazine have been investigated in this study. Detailed comparisons of the tunnelling spectra with i.r. and Raman studies of acridine, phenazine, phenazine-d8, anthracene, anthracene-d10 and tunnelling data for anthracene are presented. The spectra indicate that acridine and phenazine do not break up on the oxide surfaces of the tunnel junctions. The spectrum of phenazine indicates that phenazine orients with the plane of the molecule parallel to the oxide surface and that an AlN may form between at least one of phenazine's nitrogen atoms and an aluminum atom of the surface. The phenazine spectra contain several vibrational modes which are inactive (forbidden) in the Raman and i.r. spectra of the free molecule. Spectral analysis indicates that acridine is oriented nearly parallel, but with some tilt, to the oxide surface. A tilted orientation could help explain the inhibitory properties of acridine on aluminum in acid media.
Elective uncomplicated cesarean section delivery at term carries higher risk to the newborn infant than normal uncomplicated vaginal delivery 806

Background: Cesarean section delivery is considered a higher risk to the newborn infant than a vaginal delivery. Consequently, in our institution, a minimum of a three person team (neonatologist, respiratory therapist, nurse) is called to all cesarean section deliveries, while one nurse, competent in neonatal resuscitation, is called to term, uncomplicated vaginal deliveries.
What's New in Technology? Integrating Technology: Current Directions.

To support the full range of educational experiences, technology must be integrated into learning at all levels. Current efforts toward this end are focusing on the exploration of potential uses of technology in education, on research and development, and on personnel training and the dissemination of information. If teachers are to learn to integrate technology into instruction, schools must provide them with training, a supportive environment for experimenting with technology, and time to pursue these activities. Examples include new applications that can enable the individualization that is needed for students with disabilities to be included in the classroom. Resources that can help special educators locate services and readings for special educators on integrating technology into school programs are suggested.
On the heart beat

Cardiac Muscle: The Regulation of Excitation and Contraction. Edited by R.D. Nathan. Academic: 1986. Pp.324. $69.95, £58.50. Cardiac Muscle. By E.D. Canale G.R. Campbell J.J. Smolich J.H. Campbell. Springer-Verlag: 1986. Pp.318. DM460.
Entanglement spectrum and entangled modes of random X X spin chains

In this paper, we study the ground-state entanglement properties of finite $XX$ spin-1/2 chains with random couplings using the Jordan-Wigner transformation. We divide the system into two parts and study the reduced density matrices (RDMs) of its subsystems. Due to the free-fermion nature of the problem, the RDMs take the form of that of a free-fermion thermal ensemble. Finding the spectrum of the corresponding entanglement Hamiltonian and corresponding eigenvectors and comparing them with the real-space renormalization-group (RSRG) treatment, we establish the validity of the RSRG approach for entanglement in the limit of strong disorder but also find its limitations when disorder is weak. In the latter case, our paper provides a way to visualize the ``effective spins'' that form long-distance singlet pairs.
Molecular shielding of electric field complex dissociation

We have previously demonstrated the ability of electric fields to dissociate ascorbate and catecholamines and shown that the electric field generated by cell membranes is sufficient to produce dissociation of these complexes up to 8 nm from the cell membrane. We show here that this process is applicable to a wide range of biological complexes including small molecules (norepinephrine-morphine sulfate), protein-protein complexes (insulin-glucagon), and small molecule-protein complexes (epinephrine-bovine serum albumin). The extrapolation of the slope of the electric field dependence to zero electric field can be used to estimate the log of the dissociation constant (K(D)) of a complex and, by multiplying the log(K(D)) by -2.303RT, the association energy (E) of the complex. The slope of the electric field dependence is inversely related to the molecular radii, with the best fit of the slope related to E*(1/r1 + 1/r2), where r is the estimated radius of each molecule in the complementary pair. This indicates that the binding site of the pair is shielded by the remaining parts of the molecules, and the larger the molecule the greater the shielding. When the slope of the electric field dependence goes to 0 as r goes to infinity and 1/r goes to 0, the molecular shielding constant is 7.04 x 10(-8) cm2/V. Very large complexes will be minimally affected by the electric field due to molecular shielding and reduced electric field as their radius restricts approach to the membrane. Large protein receptors will deflect the membrane electric field and allow agonist binding.
Varicella hepatitis in the immunocompromised adult: A case report and review of the literature

linical infection with the varicella-zoster virus is common, occurring as primary varicella, usually during childhood, and as zoster, following activation of latent virus. Both forms of infection are more severe in the immunocompromised patient. Fulminant hepatic necrosis from acute viral infec- tion is commonly associated with hepatitis B virus (1,2). Herpes simplex virus has been identified in a number of cases of fatal hepatitis in adults (3-18). The pediatric literature is replete with reports of biochemi- cal hepatitis in association with primary varicella, usu- ally subclinical (19-26). In adults, hepatic inflamma- tion may also occur during primary varicella infection, usually in patients with varicella pneumonitis, and is always self-limited (27-31). Aside from these reports, only two other cases of fatal hepatitis caused by the varicella-zoster virus have been reported, one in an immunocompromised child with primary infection (22) and the other in an adult with presumed zoster (32). Our case is the first report of an adult with fatal hepatitis during primary varicella infection.
Zvart'nots and the Origins of Christian Architecture in Armenia

Occupying a central position in the problem of the origins of Armenian ecclesiastical architecture is the church of Zvart'nots, even in ruins an impressive site (Fig. 1). Like a ziggurat towering up mountainously from the flat plain of the Ararat plateau between Etchmiadzin and Erevan, the capital of the Soviet republic of Armenia, Zvart'nots stood not in a Hellenized urban center but evidently in a rather isolated, thinly populated place that was studded with the churches of Saint Hrip'sime (618), Saint Gayane (630–36), and, at Etchmaidzin itself, the cathedral and present residence of the Armenian katholikos.1 In layout the church was an aisled tetraconch: four massive, W-shaped piers connected by three curved columnar exedrae and (to the east) a solid continuous wall (supporting an order of columns?) marked off an inner quatrefoil or tetraconch that was circled by spacious ambulatories enclosed by thirty-two-sided walls ornamented with lush carvings (Fig. 2). Though of considerable height and tall prop...
The Dangers of Project Research

5. Two studies of how Hitler's government turned scientists into propagandists and distorted science itself are: (1) Max Weinreich, Hitler's Professors, New York: Yiddish Scientific Institute, 1946 and (2) H. L. Ansbacher, "Testing Management and Reactions of Foreign Workers in Germany During World War II," American Psychologist, 5 (1950), 38-49. Similar reports for the Soviet Union are the following: (1) Stuart A. Rice, "Methodology Conference of the Central Statistical Administration, USSR," Scientific Monthly, LXXV (August, 1952) 71-78; (2) E. Ashby, "Marxism versus Science," New York Times Magazine, January 6, 1952, pp. 12 ff.; (3) Evsey D. Domar, "The Varga Controversy," American Economic Review, 40 (1950), 132-151.
Exploring the Genetic Origins of Adolescent Victimization in a Longitudinal Sample of Adoptees

Abstract Behavioral genetic research has consistently revealed that genetic factors explain a significant proportion of variance in antisocial phenotypes. Despite some initial evidence, the extent to which genetic factors influence adolescent victimization remains largely undetermined. The current study partially addresses this gap in the literature by employing an adoption-based research design to estimate genetic influences on victimization. Participants consisted of adoptees drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Multivariate analyses revealed that adoptees who had a biological criminal father or a biological criminal mother were at increased risk for being victimized in adolescence and also to be victimized repeatedly. This is the first study to use an adoption-based research design to show an association between genetic factors and the risk for adolescent victimization.
Photosynthetic and respiratory responses to temperature and light of three Alaskan tundra growth forms

Photosynthetic and respiratory response of four Alaskan tundra species comprising three growth forms were investigated in the laboratory using an infrared gas analysis system. Vaccinium vitis-idaea, a dwarf evergreen shrub, demonstrated a low photosynthetic capacity: P max = 1 mg CO2 g dry wt-1 h-'; Topt < 100C. Betula nana, a deciduous shrub, had a high relatively photosynthetic capacity: Pmax = 14 mg CO2 g dry wt-' h-'; Topt 170C. Two graminoid (sedge) species, Carex aquatilis and Eriophorum vaginatum, showed different responses. Carex showed a high photosynthetic capacity: Pmax = 20 mg CO2 g dry wt-1 h-I; Topt 220C. Eriophorum vaginatum demonstrated an intermediate photosynthetic capacity of 4 mg CO2 g dry wt-1 h-1 at saturated light levels. Leaf dark respiration, up to 200C, was approximately the same for all species. The patterns of root respiration among species was opposite to the trend in photosynthesis. Vaccinium vitis-idaea had the highest rate of root respiration and B. nana the lowest (C. aquatilis was not measured). Correlation between leaf nitrogen content (%) and photosynthetic capacity was high. Hypothesized growth form relationships explained differences in photosynthetic capacity between the deciduous shrub and evergreen shrub, but did little to account for differences between the two sedges. Differences in rooting patterns between species may affect tissue nutrient content, carbon flux rates, and carbon balance.
Stimulation-dependent development of neuronal cytoplasm in mouse cochlear nucleus

The extent of neuronal development in the mouse ventral cochlear nucleus was examined in normal and developmentally auditory deprived mice. Mice were unilaterally deprived on postnatal day three by external auditory meatus removal and sacrificed with controls on day 45, which is after the developmental period. Light microscopic morphometry of neuronal nucleus and cytoplasm areas demonstrated that the normal spherical and globular cells were larger in their low frequency regions than in their high frequency regions. This size difference occurred mainly in the cytoplasm. Developmental deprivation reduced neuronal cytoplasm areas similarly in the high and low frequency regions of both neuronal types, but had no effect on the size of the neuronal nucleus. It was interpreted that cytoplasmic metabolic events are dependent on developmental levels of stimulation and high and low frequency regions normally are differentially stimulated. Furthermore, these stimulation-dependent cytoplasmic events are impaired by developmental hypostimulation, which retards neuronal metabolism and growth. No changes were observed in the cochlear nucleus contralateral to the deprived side, suggesting that compensatory changes, such as hypertrophy, did not occur.
Emergency Room Thoracotomy for the Resuscitation of Patients with “Fatal” Penetrating Injuries of the Heart

A total of 75 patients with penetrating cardiac injuries were treated at Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center from January, 1974, to November, 1980. Twenty-two patients (29.3%) were unconscious on arrival and had no detectable vital signs, cardiac activity, or spontaneous respirations. Their last physical movement was observed in the ambulance. Immediate resuscitation of these patients employing intercostal or sternal splitting incisions in the emergency room revealed arrested hearts and permitted relief of tamponade, finger occlusion of the cardiac wound or wounds, and temporary suturing of the defect. Restoration of cardiac function was accomplished in 16 patients (72.7%). After transfer to the operating room for more definitive cardiorrhaphy and repair of other major wounds, 8 patients (36.4%) recovered without objective neurological disability. Our experience clearly supports the value of immediate emergency room thoracotomy in this group of patients.
Optimal design for individualised passive assistance

Assistive devices are capable of restoring independence and function to people suffering from musculoskeletal impairments. Traditional assistive exoskeletons can be divided into active or passive devices depending on the method used to provide joint torques. The design of these devices often does not take into account the abilities of the individual leading to complex designs, joint misalignment and muscular atrophy due to over assistance at each joint. We present a novel framework for the design of passive assistive devices whereby the device provides the minimal amount of assistance required to maximise the space that they can reach. In doing so, we effectively remap their capable torque load over their workspace, exercising existing muscle while ensuring that key points in the workspace are reached. In this way we hope to reduce the risk of muscular atrophy while assisting with tasks. We implement two methods for finding the necessary passive device parameters, one looks at static loading conditions while the second simulates the system dynamics using level set methods. This allows us to determine the set of points that an individual can hold their arms stationary, the statically achievable workspace (SAW). We show the efficacy of these methods on a number of case studies which show that individuals with pronounced muscle weakness and asymmetric muscle weakness can have restored SAW restoring a range of motion.
Dimensional Variable Expansion—A formal approach to innovative design

A methodology called Dimensional Variable Expansion (DVE) is presented to formalize the process of design space expansion and design innovation. Unlike parametric design, where the structure of the design is specified and only the parameters are allowed to vary, DVE creates new structures, including new variables, constraints, and a reformulation of the objective function. Via DVE, a body is expanded into multiple regions by dividing along a dimensional variable, and then each region is permitted independent properties. Optimality conditions are used to determine which variables to expand and which regions should be subject to property modifications. With DVE the degrees-of-freedom of a design can be expanded and designs with unique features can be derived.
Oil refining in Russia: Current status and prospects

The main problems and perspectives of petroleum refining for the manufacture of high-quality commercial products at Russian refineries are considered. Data on the balance and consumption of various types of fuel and on the export and import of the main refined products are presented. The necessity of changing the structure of Russian refineries with allowance for the construction of new facilities and the modernization of the basic operating systems of existing units for deep processing of heavy and sour oils, isomerization, and alkylation is shown.
Jesus’ Empire or the Empire’s Jesus?

AbstractIn response to Burton Mack’s argument in “A Secular Bible?” that a Christian myth or “Christian mentality” drives American empire, this essay suggests that Christian myths should be seen as products of empire. As we can see by looking at 19th and 20th century racist and anti-racist versions of Jesus, base determines superstructure at least some of the time.
The Effects Of Wife's Employment Time On Her Household Work Time

The effects of the length of the employed wife's employment day on her time in household work activities were examined for 362 wives in a 1967–68 Syracuse, New York, time-use study. This research is based on a household time allocation model which assumes employment status and length of employment day are outside the realm of families’choices when making daily time-use decisions. Incorporation of this assumption permits a theoretically and statistically valid empirical examination of the effects of length of employment day on time in household work for the first time. Employment effects were estimated at five stages in the life cycle by multiple regression using a logistic function. The effects on wives’daily time were negative for all activities except yard and car care, nonphysical family care, and marketing and chauffeuring. Increases in wives’daily nonphysical care time were greater than their decreases in physical care time for all families except those with only preschool age children. The novel results of this research indicate employment status may not be a suitable substitute measure for employment time. The results also cast suspicion on the results of time-use studies which aggregate employed and nonemployed wives. The results also support the superior performance of nonlinear functions in explaining household time use.
Protein interaction cloning in yeast: identification of mammalian proteins that react with the leucine zipper of Jun

To identify proteins that interact with Jun or Fos we have used the protein interaction cloning system developed by S. Fields and O.-K. Song [(1989) Nature (London) 340, 245-246] to clone mammalian cDNAs encoding polypeptides that interact with the dimerization and DNA-binding motif (bZIP; basic domain leucine zipper motif) of Jun. For this purpose, yeast cells lacking GAL4 activity but expressing a GAL4 DNA-binding domain-Jun bZIP fusion protein were transformed with a mouse embryo cDNA plasmid library in which the cDNA was joined to a gene segment encoding the GAL4 transcriptional activation domain. Several transformants exhibiting GAL4 activity were identified and shown to harbor plasmids encoding polypeptides predicted to form coiled-coil structures with Jun and/or Fos. One of these is a bZIP protein of the ATF/CREB protein family--probably the murine homolog of TAXREB67. Two others encode polypeptides with predicted potential to form coiled-coil structures, and seven other isolates encode segments of alpha- or beta-tropomyosin, classical coiled-coil proteins. The tropomyosin polypeptides were found to interact in the yeast assay system with the bZIP region of Jun but not with the bZIP region of Fos. Our results illustrate the range of protein interaction cloning for discovering proteins that bind to a given target polypeptide.
RETRA: Web Based Resource Allocation Tool for Emergency Management

In this paper, the authors introduce a real time web based tool for resource allocation (RETRA) that can assist the incident commanders and resource managers in the complex task of emergency resource deployment for multiple simultaneous incidents that occur in close geographical proximity. RETRA real time inputs include the location of the emergency sites and the required resources with associated priorities. It generates an optimal deployment plan so that emergency sites with highest priorities for a resource are assigned that resource in the least amount of time. The optimal solution is presented graphically using Google Maps. RETRA can be used for emergency resource deployment at the initial response stage of a disaster. 1
Developing a Self-Help Brochure Series: Costs and Benefits.

The authors describe the process by which one counseling center developed a series of self-help brochures. In addition to the intended service benefits to students, the brochures present a positive image of the counseling center to numerous campus constituencies. Costs, benefits, and strategies for marketing the brochures are also discussed.
Measurements of vascular wall O/sub 2/ consumption following increased potassium

Vascular wall tissue PO/sub 2/ was measured with recessed cathode microelectrodes (tip diameters >
A framework for reasoning under uncertainty with temporal constraints

Time is the key stimulus to change, causality and interaction which are the main components of a dynamic world. Therefore, the modeling of knowledge, especially in complex and dynamic domains like economics, sociology, and ecology, must incorporate the concept of time. Although there has been much research over the years on the representation of knowledge (causality, implication, and uncertainty) and on the representation of time, it has been a continuing challenge to unify them in a meaningful and useful fashion. In this paper, we propose a framework for reasoning under uncertainty with temporal constraints. The framework is extended from Bayesian knowledge-bases (BKBs), which represent knowledge in an “if-then” structure and represent uncertainty based on probability theory. By adding temporal constraints to BKBs, the framework provides a comprehensive model that incorporates the semantics of both time and uncertainty.
How to react to high platelet reactivity?: reply

We thank Dr Clappers and colleagues for their thoughtful comments and interest in our work.1 We strongly agree that the appropriate threshold that is chosen to define anti-platelet ‘non-responsiveness’ by a particular platelet function test must not be arbitrary but determined through prospective, clinical studies of thrombotic events. Dr Clapper is concerned about our use of the term ‘prognostic significance’ when describing the univariate association we observed between high platelet reactivity measured by the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay and thrombotic events after drug-eluting stent implantation. However, ‘prognostic’ means ‘to be predictive of something in the future’, and we …
Ill-posed problems in surface and surface shape recovery

We present new theoretical results which have implications in answering one of the fundamental questions in computer vision: recognition of surfaces and surface shapes. We state the conditions under which: (i) a surface can be recovered, uniquely, from the tangent plane map, in particular from the Gauss map; (ii) a surface shape can be recovered from the metric and the deforming forces. In case where such conditions are not satisfied we classify all exceptions, i.e. the surfaces and surface shapes for which the recovery and registration problems are ill-posed.
Should psychotherapists disclose their own psychological problems

AbstractBackground: Self-disclosures by psychotherapists can encompass a wide array of content, including information about the personal life of the psychotherapist. Aim: The goal of this study was to empirically assess reactions to psychotherapists disclosing their own personal problems to clients with similar problems. Methodology: This study explored participants' (n = 155) reactions to vignettes describing psychotherapists as either disclosing or not disclosing their own history of psychological problems to clients presenting with similar problems. Findings: Compared to otherwise identical vignettes featuring psychotherapists who did not self-disclose, vignettes featuring psychotherapists who self-disclosed were rated more positively in a variety of ways. Specifically, psychotherapists in the vignettes featuring self-disclosure were perceived as possessing a higher level of favourable personal qualities and as more likely to establish strong working relationships with clients and achieve success in th...
Work in Progress: Lessons from Virtual Supervision of Engineering and Computer Science Graduate Students - Case of Addis Ababa University

In this paper, we document the case of a virtual/remote graduate student supervision the author carried out at the Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia from the US over a period of two years. The theses of three engineering and two computer science students at the MS level were successfully supervised in this period. At one point, this virtual supervision of students at the computer science department of Addis Ababa University (AAU) by external faculty at the US had accounted to almost one-third of the supervised MS theses in the whole department. Lessons on the adoption of similar collaborations between US universities and overseas universities is also investigated and reported.
Dislocation Dynamics Simulations of Dislocation Interactions in Thin Fcc Metal Films

Mesoscopic simulations of dislocation interactions in thin, single crystal FCC metal films were carried out. Interactions between threading-misfit and threading-threading dislocation pairs were studied and the strength of the interactions determined. Threading-threading interactions were found to be significantly stronger than threading-misfit interactions. Dislocations with different possible combinations of Burgers vectors were studied under cyclic loading. Only annihilation of dislocations was seen to result in residual dislocation structure after complete unloading. No differences were observed in the nature of threading-misfit interactions in 111 and 001 oriented films.
Leaf vein length per unit area is not intrinsically dependent on image magnification: avoiding measurement artifacts for accuracy and precision

Leaf vein length per unit leaf area (VLA; also known as vein density) is an important determinant of water and sugar transport, photosynthetic function, and biomechanical support. A range of software methods are in use to visualize and measure vein systems in cleared leaf images; typically, users locate veins by digital tracing, but recent articles introduced software by which users can locate veins using thresholding (i.e. based on the contrasting of veins in the image). Based on the use of this method, a recent study argued against the existence of a fixed VLA value for a given leaf, proposing instead that VLA increases with the magnification of the image due to intrinsic properties of the vein system, and recommended that future measurements use a common, low image magnification for measurements. We tested these claims with new measurements using the software LEAFGUI in comparison with digital tracing using ImageJ software. We found that the apparent increase of VLA with magnification was an artifact of (1) using low-quality and low-magnification images and (2) errors in the algorithms of LEAFGUI. Given the use of images of sufficient magnification and quality, and analysis with error-free software, the VLA can be measured precisely and accurately. These findings point to important principles for improving the quantity and quality of important information gathered from leaf vein systems.
Coordinated Spindle Assembly and Orientation Requires Clb5p-Dependent Kinase in Budding Yeast

The orientation of the mitotic spindle along a polarity axis is critical in asymmetric cell divisions. In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, loss of the S-phase B-type cyclin Clb5p under conditions of limited cyclin-dependent kinase activity (cdc28-4 clb5Δ cells) causes a spindle positioning defect that results in an undivided nucleus entering the bud. Based on time-lapse digital imaging microscopy of microtubules labeled with green fluorescent protein fusions to either tubulin or dynein, we observed that the asymmetric behavior of the spindle pole bodies during spindle assembly was lost in the cdc28-4 clb5Δ cells. As soon as a spindle formed, both poles were equally likely to interact with the bud cell cortex. Persistent dynamic interactions with the bud ultimately led to spindle translocation across the bud neck. Thus, the mutant failed to assign one spindle pole body the task of organizing astral microtubules towards the mother cell. Our data suggest that Clb5p-associated kinase is required to confer mother-bound behavior to one pole in order to establish correct spindle polarity. In contrast, B-type cyclins, Clb3p and Clb4p, though partially redundant with Clb5p for an early role in spindle morphogenesis, preferentially promote spindle assembly.
Coil optimization for MRI by conjugate gradient descent.

A flexible iterative algorithm is presented for optimizing gradient and radio frequency coils for MRI. It is based on a model using discrete current elements and direct Biot-Savart calculation of the fields. An error function is defined over a region of interest (ROI) and is minimized by conjugate gradient descent. The choice of error function allows optimization of the field uniformity, the inductance, and the efficiency of the coil in any combination. Neither the coil nor the ROI is restricted to any particular geometry. A 40- turn cylindrical z-gradient coil of radius a and length 4a, designed for a ROI of radius 0.7a and length 2a has an average error in the gradient fields generated of 0.85%, an inductance of 0.014a mH/cm, and an efficiency of 6.65a−2 Gem/A. A 16-turn birdcage-like RF coil of radius 5 cm, designed for a ROI of radius 4 cm has an average error of 0.79%. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Excitation of an elastic half-space by a time-dependent dipole--II. The vertical surface displacements due to a buried dipole

The surface, vertical displacements generated by a buried vertical dipole in an elastic half-space are given. The dipole is taken to have a ramp time-dependence and the results are in the form of integrals. These integrals are evaluated as functions of time for several epicentral distances.
Applying Legal Socialization to the Child Welfare System: Do Youths’ Perceptions of Caseworkers Matter?

Legal socialization is the process through which young people develop beliefs in the legitimacy of the law and legal system. Research has examined how perceptions of interactions with authority figures influence beliefs regarding the legitimacy of laws and legal system, thereby shaping compliance with the law (Fagan and Tyler in Soc Justice Res 18:217–242, 2005). Child welfare caseworkers play an integral role in children and youths’ experiences in the child welfare system. However, limited research exists examining the relationship between youths’ perceptions of caseworkers and outcomes such as delinquency. The goal of this study is to address how perceptions of a youth’s child welfare caseworker influence legal socialization and whether it is related to self-reports of delinquency. The sample (n = 113) is from youth in two juvenile justice residential facilities. Least trimmed square regressions examine the relationship between perceptions of child welfare caseworkers and legal socialization as a composite measure and its components. The overall measure and individual components are then regressed on self-reports of delinquency. Results indicate youth with more negative perceptions of caseworkers view the legal system as less legitimate and exhibit lower overall legal socialization. Legal socialization is significantly related to delinquency. Findings suggest that, similar to other authority figures, perceptions of child welfare caseworkers are linked to young people’s legal socialization and that legal socialization is related to delinquent behavior. Thus, professionals should be aware of the important role of their relationships when working with children and youth.
Confirmed Distribution and Occurrence of Megacopta cribraria (F.) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Plataspidae) in the Southeastern United States

Abstract Megacopta cribraria (F) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Plataspidae) was first discovered in North America in 9 counties in northeastern Georgia (USA) in October 2009. By the end of 2012, surveys conducted in Georgia and neighboring states confirmed that the insect had spread into 383 additional counties in the southeastern U.S., including the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. It was reported from 33 species of plants representing 15 taxonomic families in these surveys, with 17 of those from the family Fabaceae (legumes). Kudzu (Pueraria montana Lour. [Merr.] variety lobata [Willd.] Maesen & S. Almeida) was the most frequently reported host. All life stages of the insect were observed only on kudzu and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) which, to date, are the only confirmed reproductive host plants of M. cribraria in its expanded North American range.
The Use of Storytelling in the Practice of Pastoral Counseling

Recommends storytelling as a natural and effective mode for pastoral counselors. Comments on hearing well the stories shared, on giving a “twist” to the meaning of stories, and on interrupting, eve...
A New Europe and Some New Resources

This article presents information resources related to the adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon, the “Goldstone Report” on the Gaza conflict, and the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Conference.
Growing SPICE

When I was an undergraduate I wanted very much to learn electronic circuit design, but I couldn't. The instructors of the required electronic circuit design courses I was compelled to take seemed to be showing off, and on that basis I certainly didn't choose their follow-on elective courses. Everything in graduate school was elective, and not wishing to jeopardize my grade-point average I merely audited the electronic circuit design courses. Again, I came away with the impression that the instructors were highly competent magicians. They knew razzle-dazzle circuit simplifications that eased analysis and supported design, but I was unable to learn them. Most of the other courses I took didn't seem like that to me, so I had plenty of options other than electronic circuit design.
Howard Waitzkin: intellectual for the disadvantaged.

The French philosopher Jean Paul Sartre once said that to be an intellectual, one has to be in the midst of the struggle of the toiling masses: to be a part of the oppressed, to work for their causes, to link up with the sufferings, visions, and actions of the peasantry, the proletariat, the indigenous peoples, the colonized peoples, et cetera. Few can meet Sartre's definition, but in three decades as a social scientist, doctor, and public health advocate, Howard Waitzkin has made a valiant attempt. He is truly an "intellectual for the disadvantaged." Howard Waitzkin's long-standing academic as well as political commitment to the causes and the suffering of the oppressed stemmed from a personal experience which demonstrated the painfully social nature of illness in modem society: the death of his grandfather, to whom he dedicated his second book, The Second Sickness: Contradictions of Capitalist Health Care (1983). Abe Waitzkin was a house-painter and union organizer in Ohio who died tragically of liver cancer brought on by toxic solvents used to thin paint. Ironically, though Abe's union had requested govemmental monitoring of the very chemicals that killed him, the request had gone unheeded. As Abe was dying, his doctors trapped him in a web of lies and distortions which left him confused and dispirited. While most Americans view familial tragedies as isolated cases of "bad luck," Howard's early "sociological imagination" allowed him to recognize the death of his beloved grandfather for what it was: a rather typical manifestation of the contradictions and inequalities which inhere in the capitalist system of production and distribution.
Changes in fatty acid composition of Culex pipiens pipiens during hibernation.

The role of lipids in the physiology of hibernating mosquitoes has long been recognized. Harwood and Takata (1965) demonstrated that temperature and photoperiod stimulate lipid deposition prior to hibernation. As early as 1935, Buxton pointed out that 85% of the fat reserves of hibernating Culex pipiens is exhausted during hibernation. More recently, Tekle (1960) demonstrated more than a 60% loss of reserves in 6 weeks of induced hibernation of the same insect. Lange (1963) found that more lipid reserves are used in C. pipiens at 25°C than at 16°C, although he was not investigating hibernating animals.
Arts Stability and Growth Amid Redevelopment in U.S. Shrinking Cities’ Downtowns A Case Study

While the relationship between arts businesses and redevelopment has been studied extensively in world-class cities, it remains understudied in weaker market cities. With tight municipal budgets, s...