cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tangler: a censorship-resistant publishing system based on document entanglements

We describe the design of a censorship-resistant system that employs a unique document storage mechanism. Newly published documents are dependent on the blocks of previously published documents. We call this dependency an entanglement. Entanglement makes replication of previously published content an intrinsic part of the publication process. Groups of files, called collections, can be published together and named in a host-independent manner. Individual documents within a collection can be securely updated in such a way that future readers of the collection see and tamper-check the updates. The system employs a self-policing network of servers designed to eject non-compliant servers and prevent them from doing more harm than good.
Endometrial carcinoma in-vitro chemosensitivity testing of single and combination chemotherapy regimens using the novel microculture kinetic (MICK) apoptosis assay: Implications for endometrial cancer treatment

Objective: The in vitro microculture kinetic (MiCK) apoptosis assay has been used to predict single or combination chemotherapy response in leukemia patients. This feasibility study addressed MiCK in endometrial cancer specimens. Methods: Endometrial cancer specimens from total abdominal hysterectomies were processed at a central laboratory. Single cell suspensions of viable endometrial cancer cells were plated in individual wells. Single and combination regimens were tested: combinations of doxorubicin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel and carboplatin and paclitaxel (Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 209 endometrial cancer phase III trial arms) as well as single agent testing with paclitaxel, carboplatin, doxorubicin, cisplatin, ifosfamide, and vincristine (active agents in GOG trials). Apoptosis was measured continuously over 48 hours. Results: Fifteen of nineteen patients had successful assays. The highest mean chemo sensitivity was noted in the combination of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel with lower mean chemosensitivity for carboplatin and paclitaxel. Combination chemotherapy had higher chemosensitivity than single drug chemotherapy. However, in 25% of patients a single drug had higher chemosensitivity than combination chemotherapy. As single agents, ifosfamide, cisplatin, and paclitaxel had the highest kinetic unit values. Conclusion: Using a panel of agents simulating clinical dose regimens, the MiCK assay was feasible in evaluating in vitro chemosensitivity of endometrial cancer. MiCK assay results correlated with GOG clinical trial results. However, 25% of patients might be best treated with single agent chemotherapy selected by MiCK. Ifosfamide, cisplatin, and paclitaxel appear to have high activity as single agents. MiCK may be useful in future new drug testing and individualizing endometrial cancer patient's chemotherapy management.
Confirmation of an Electron Avalanche Causing Laser-induced Bulk Damage at 1.06 microm.

Measurements have been made on intrinsic optical bulk breakdown in ten alkali halides at 1.06 μm and in one at 0.69 μm. By comparing the results to previously reported experiments conducted at 10.6 μm and at direct current, it has been possible to identify the damage mechanism as electron avalanche breakdown. Self-focusing has been controlled by restricting the probe powers to well below the critical powers for catastrophic self-focusing, and damage from inclusions has been distinguished from intrinsic damage. Implications of this work for surface damage studies are explored.
SELECTING INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES IN A DATA RICH ENVIRONMENT

Practitioners often have at their disposal a large number of instruments that are weakly exogenous for the parameter of interest. However, not every instrument has the same predictive power for the endogenous variable, and using too many instruments can induce bias. We consider two ways of handling these problems. The rst is to form principal components from the observed instruments, and the second is to reduce the number of instruments by subset variable selection. For the latter, we consider boosting, a method that does not require an a priori ordering of the instruments. We also suggest a way to pre-order the instruments and then screen the instruments using the goodness of t of the rst stage regression and information criteria. Using these methods to form smaller sets of instruments from the observed data or their principal components, we nd that the principal components are often better instruments than the observed data. The exception is when the number of relevant instruments is small. Of the three methods for selecting instruments, no single method dominates. But a hard-thresholding method based on thet test generally yields estimates with small biases and small root-mean-squared errors.
Diagnostic strategies and test algorithms in liver disease

As clinicians evaluate patients, they first develop problem lists based on the history, physical examination, and basic laboratory studies. Synthesis and analysis result in a differential diagnosis with associated disease probabilities. Experienced clinicians then selectively use diagnostic tests to rule in or rule out these possibilities. For example, in a patient presenting with jaundice, anorexia, fever, and abdominal pain, the relative increases of the serum aminotransferase activity and the serum alkaline phosphatase will help to guide the subsequent evaluation. If the aminotransferase activity is markedly increased, then the subsequent evaluation will be targeted toward identifying an etiology for hepatocellular injury. In contrast, if the alkaline phosphatase is markedly increased, then the evaluation would be targeted toward identifying an etiology for obstructive jaundice. This paper reviews clinical decision making, discusses characteristics of diagnostic tests, and presents examples of how basic clinical information can guide the use of the laboratory in evaluating patients with suspected liver disease.
Intrinsic Electrophysiology of Mouse Corticospinal Neurons: a Class-Specific Triad of Spike-Related Properties

Corticospinal pyramidal neurons mediate diverse aspects of motor behavior. We measured spike-related electrophysiological properties of identified corticospinal neurons in primary motor cortex slices from young adult mice. Several consistent features were observed in the suprathreshold responses to current steps: 1) Corticospinal neurons fired relatively fast action potentials (APs; width at half-maximum 0.65 ± 0.13 ms, mean ± standard deviation [SD]) compared with neighboring callosally projecting corticostriatal neurons. Corticospinal AP width was intermediate between 2 classes of inhibitory interneuron in layer 5B. Spike-to-spike variability in AP width and other spike waveform parameters was low, even during repetitive firing up to 20 Hz, that is, the relative narrowness of corticospinal APs was essentially frequency independent. 2) Frequency-current (f-I) relationships were nearly linear. 3) Trains of APs displayed regular firing, with rates typically staying constant or accelerating over time. Corticospinal neurons recorded from older mice (up to 4 months) or from a separate lateral cortical area (Region B; corresponding to secondary somatosensory cortex) showed generally similar intrinsic properties. Our findings have implications for interpreting spike waveforms of in vivo recorded neurons in the motor cortex. This analysis provides a framework for further biophysical and computational investigations of corticospinal neurons and their roles in motor cortical function.
GUI based computer modeling and design platform to promote interactive learning in fiber optic communications

In this paper, we explain a graphical user interface (GUI) based computer modeling and design platform that has been developed to teach students about the current industry design practice in optical communications and to promote interactive learning in our senior/graduate level fiber optic communications course. We give an introduction to the quasi-analytical system level design practice in fiber optical communications. We then explain our developed software tool with emphasis on the underlining component and system models, on the tool usage, and on how to apply the software platform to university teaching inside and outside of the classroom. We finally use an example to illustrate the design of 7 times 80 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system with orthogonal launch on our developed software platform. The developed software platform could shorten students' learning curve, help students understand modeling of hardware components, system design procedures and tradeoffs, and increase students' learning interest and creativity.
Snowpack and freshwater ice sensing using Autocorrelation Radiometry

Wideband Autocorrelation Radiometry (AR) offers a new approach to snowpack and freshwater ice sensing. AR snowpack sensing promises two-way microwave travel times, τ sp , attenuation, and sub-pixel τ sp variance in snowpacks. In combination with snowpack thermophysical models, AR offers a deterministic means of measuring snowpack Snow Water Equivalent (SWE), wetness, and sub-pixel SWE variance. AR sensing of freshwater ice promises two-way travel times in the ice layer and, thus, ice thickness. An AR sensor's frequency would lie below ∼15 GHz for increased sensitivity to wetness and decreased sensitivity to scatter darkening. Preliminary computer simulations show that: (1) A 10 GHz radiometer with a bandwidth of 1 GHz will resolve two-way snowpack travel times, τ sp , to uncertainties of &#60;10 cm equivalent thickness, and (2) a multiply reflected AR signal exhibiting an attenuation 37 dB is readily detected. Wide bandwidth AR sensors will be subject to greater Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) than traditional radiometers, but communications-type RFI with high duty cycles, while raising the noise floor, will not affect AR interpretability.
Le Trauma et le témoignage dans Le Livre d'Emma de Marie-Célie Agnant

The story of the eponymous character in Agnant's novel represents an intersection of personal and collective history. Her alleged madness, which follows an act of infanticide, ensues in great part from the imposition of the slavery system in Haiti centuries ago. Despite spatio-temporal discontinuities, Emma is strongly linked to the lives of her ancestors by the memory and transmission of the traumatic events of the past. The article examines the layers of memory transmitted from one generation to another and posits the need to include personal and literary testimonies in the history of the Antilles. The analysis of the historical (rewriting) and clinical (healing) functions of trauma testimonies focuses on the role of Flore—the empathic listener. Her presence, indispensable in the process of the reconstruction and inscription of memories, acquires a crucial ethical dimension that allows Emma to become subject rather than object of history.
What the elephant knew

Four decades ago, Richard Peto, a statistical epidemiologist from Oxford, made the observation that at the species level, the incidence of cancer does not appear to correlate with the number of cells or the life span of an organism. This became known as “Peto’s paradox.” However, the mechanism
Celebrating Miss Muslim Pageants and Opposing Rock Concerts: Contrasting the Religious Authority and Leadership of Two Muslim Women in Kazan

This chapter examines how experience as religious instructors in mosques equipped two Muslim women - Naila Ziganshina and Almira Adiatullina - to become prominent leaders and activists in Kazan, Russia. It lays out a theoretical framework for understanding Muslim women's authority within invited and invented spaces. The chapter places each case study within the historical and cultural context of Tatarstan and Russia at the beginning of the new millennium. It analyses the religious and social authority of Ziganshina and Adiatullina as two examples of Muslim women in positions of leadership in a Muslim minority country. Building on interviews with Adiatullina and Ziganshina, the chapter argues that Tatar Muslim women have asserted authority within the informal structures of civil society organizations and the formal structures of the Islamic Spiritual Boards. Keywords:Almira Adiatullina; Kazan; Muslim women; Naila Ziganshina; religious authority; Russia; Tatarstan
The Jury's Role in Administering Justice in the U.S. Introduction to Saint Louis Public Law Review Jury Issue

This introduction to the special jury issue of Saint Louis University’s Public Law Review briefly discusses the Conference “Lay Participation in the Criminal Trial in the Twenty-First Century,” in which all of the contributors to this issue participated. The conference took place at the International Institute for Higher Studies in the Criminal Sciences in Siracusa, Italy from May 25-29, 1999. It also discusses select papers and perspectives on the American jury system published in this issue of the journal.
Creatinine Excretion in Renal Failure.

Summary and Conclusions1. The urinary excretion of creatinine decreases as the filtration rate falls and the serum creatinine rises in chronic renal failure. This is especially apparent when the serum creatinine exceeds 6 mg/100 ml. 2. This decrease is due to either a reduced rate of creatinine production or an alternate excretory pathway. The muscle mass is not significantly decreased, and therefore should not account entirely for decreased production. Alternative excretion in the urine as creatine, or in the feces as creatinine is excluded by the data presented. Other possible mechanisms are suggested, but have not been studied.
Hex Must Have a Winner: An Inductive Proof

The game of Hex is an excellent example of a game for which a winning strategy is known to exist, even though it is not known what the strategy is. It is easy to show the existence of a strategy once it is known that either black or white must win, that is, that Hex cannot end in a draw. The available proofs of the latter fact are all rather difficult (see, for instance, [1, pp. 334-338]). In this note we give a simple proof. A Hex board is a parallelogram divided into m rows and n columns of hexagons. Players alternate turns placing black and white stones on the board with the objective of completing a chain from one side of the board to the opposite side, one player seeking a chain joining top to bottom, the other joining right to left. We will show that the game cannot end without a winner. Specifically, whenever a Hex board is completely filled with black and white stones, there must be either a black chain from right to left or a white chain from top to bottom. And, equivalently, there must be either a white chain from right to left or a black chain from top to bottom. Consequently, one of the players must have achieved his objective and won the game. We will prove our proposition by induction on m and n, the dimensions of the board. The proposition is clear for a 1 x n, m x 1, or 2 x 2 board. Now we assume it true for any board smaller than m x n. Consider the (m 1) x n board obtained by deleting row m. By the inductive hypothesis there is either a black chain from column 1 to column n or else a white chain W1 from row 1 to row m 1. In the former case we are done, so we assume the latter. It follows from an analogous argument involving deletion of row 1 that there must be a white chain W2 from row 2 to row m. We assume that W1 and W2 do not meet, or else we would be done. By deleting column n and then column 1 we can show in a similar manner that there are nonintersecting black chains B1 from column 1 to column n 1 and B2 from column 2 to column n. Since these horizontal black chains do not meet, the number of rows m must be greater than 2.
Using Playground Maps for Movement

Many schools now decorate their outside hard surface areas with maps. These maps provide color and excitement to a playground and are a terrific teaching tool for geography. But these maps can easily be integrated into physical education as well to promote both physical activity as well as knowledge of geography. The purpose of this article is to provide ideas that will assist both the elementary physical educator during class time and the elementary classroom teacher during outside activity time to integrate movement with geography.
Dynamic Workflow Participant Assignment Model Design Based on Advanced Constraints

Most workflow products don't support dynamic participant assignment according to the participant's experience,ability,history working data. This paper addresses a dynamic workflow participant assignment model based on advanced constraints (BAC-DWPAM) and applyes it to insurance workflow manangement system,improving the work efficiency and service contentment.
Familial dementia due to adult polyglucosan body disease

Background Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) is a rare disorder, presenting with varying combinations and severity of upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction, sensory deficits, dementia, and urinary incontinence. Onset is in the 40s or 50s. The diagnosis is made by finding polyglucosan bodies (PB) in histologic sections of brain or spinal cord, peripheral nerve, or dermal sweat glands. Although 2 pairs of the 22 previously reported cases were siblings, the familial nature of the disease has not been emphasized. Methods We report 2 adult siblings, a male and a female, each of whom had the clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia. Both were confirmed at autopsy to have APBD. We characterized the lesions in autopsy tissues using a battery of histological stains, lectin histochemistry, and electron microscopy. Results Innumerable PB were distributed throughout brain, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, and dermal sweat glands. PB were highlighted by periodic acid Schiff stain and concanavalin A lectin. Ultrastructurally, PB were composed of aggregates of filaments within axons and astrocytic processes, and lying free in the neuropil, but not within neuronal perikarya. Conclusions It is important to consider APBD in cases of familial dementia of unknown etiology. Ante-mortem biopsy of axillary skin may be diagnostic.
TB-19AUTOPHAGY INHIBITION OVERCOMES RESISTANCE TO BRAF INHIBITION IN BRAIN TUMORS

TB-19. AUTOPHAGY INHIBITION OVERCOMES RESISTANCE TO BRAF INHIBITION IN BRAIN TUMORS Jean Mulcahy Levy, Shadi Zahedi, Andrea Griesinger, Kurtis Davies, Dara Eisner, B.K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, Brent Fitzwalter, Megan Goodall, Vladimir Amani, Andrew Donson, Diane Birks, David Mirsky, Todd Hankinson, Michael Handler, Nicholas Foreman, and Andrew Foreman; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA Kinase inhibitors are effective in cancer treatment but beneficial effects are almost invariably short-lived as tumors become resistant to the inhibitor. Current strategies to circumvent resistance target the same pathway another way or inhibiting a parallel pathway. Here, we report that it is possible to overcome resistance to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in BRAF mutant brain tumors by targeting a completely different cellular process. BRAF mutation occurs in a high proportion of children’s brain tumors and we previously reported that these brain tumor cells are autophagydependent. We also reported a patient who was successfully treated after failure of vemurafenib by adding the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) to vemurafenib suggesting that autophagy inhibition overcame kinase inhibitor resistance. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis by modeling acquisition of vemurafenib resistance in brain tumor cell lines. Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of autophagy could overcome resistance due to multiple mutations and compensatory mechanisms. To evaluate clinically-acquired drug resistance, we tested tumor slices and primary tumor cells from patients with resistance to vemurafenib. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy reversed resistance, inhibited tumor cell growth, and increased tumor cell death in vitro; moreover, when it was possible to test, the same patient had favorable clinical responses when CQ was added to vemurafenib. Our results provide proof of concept for a fundamentally different way to circumvent kinase inhibitor resistance in cancer therapy, and suggest a strategy for improved treatment of a large proportion of children’s brain tumors that could be rapidly tested in clinical trials. Neuro-Oncology 18:iii169–iii173, 2016. doi:10.1093/neuonc/now084.13 #The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Putting DNA methylation in context: from genomes to gene expression in plants

Plant DNA methylation is its own language, interpreted by the cell to maintain silencing of transposons, facilitate chromatin structure, and to ensure proper expression of some genes. Just as in any language, context is important. Rather than being a simple "on-off switch", DNA methylation has a range of "meanings" dependent upon the underlying sequence and its location in the genome. Differences in the sequence context of individual sites are established, maintained, and interpreted by differing molecular pathways. Varying patterns of methylation within genes and surrounding sequences are associated with a continuous range of expression differences, from silencing to constitutive expression. These often-subtle differences have been pieced together from years of effort, but have taken off with the advent of methods for assessing methylation across entire genomes. Recognizing these patterns and identifying underlying causes is essential for understanding the function of DNA methylation and its systems-wide contribution to a range of processes in plant genomes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Networks, edited by Dr. Erich Grotewold and Dr. Nathan Springer.
Traumatic Brain Injury and the Law: Introduction

Introduction to UMKC Law Review symposium issue focusing on the intersection of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and the law.
American Serial Rape, 1940–2010 An Estimation and Analysis of the Social Profile of Offenders, Styles of Attack, and Historical Trends as Depicted in Newspaper Accounts

Little is known about the social correlates of serial rape or about trends in offending across time and space in the United States. Furthermore, the limited serial rape scholarship that exists was ...
Multi-functional, electrically small, metamaterial-inspired, near-field resonant parasitic antennas

Electrically small antennas continue to be a critical enabling technology for many wireless applications. The design, fabrication, and testing of a variety of metamaterial-inspired near-field resonant parasitic antenna systems have demonstrated that they can meet many of the performance demands for those applications, including high efficiency, broad bandwidth, and multi-functionality. Several of these multi-functional designs, their operating characteristics, and experimental confirmation of their predicted behaviors will be reviewed.
O vi Emission from the Supernovae-regulated Interstellar Medium: Simulation versus Observation

The O vi λλ1032, 1038 A doublet emission traces collisionally ionized gas with K, where the cooling curve peaks for metal-enriched plasma. This warm-hot phase is usually not well-resolved in numerical simulations of the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), but can be responsible for a significant fraction of the emitted energy. Comparing simulated O vi emission to observations is therefore a valuable test of whether simulations predict reasonable cooling rates from this phase. We calculate O vi λ1032 A emission, assuming collisional ionization equilibrium, for our small-box simulations of the stratified ISM regulated by supernovae. We find that the agreement is very good for our solar neighborhood model, both in terms of emission flux and mean O vi density seen in absorption. We explore runs with higher surface densities and find that, in our simulations, the O vi emission from the disk scales roughly linearly with the star formation rate. Observations of O vi emission are rare for external galaxies, but our results do not show obvious inconsistency with the existing data. Assuming the solar metallicity, O vi emission from the galaxy disk in our simulations accounts for roughly 0.5% of supernovae heating.
Humans in large-scale, networked virtual environments

This paper examines the representation of humans in large-scale, networked virtual environments. Previous work done in this field is summarized, and existing problems with rendering, articulating, and networking numerous human figures in real time are explained. We have developed a system that integrates together some well-known solutions along with new ideas. Models with multiple level of details, body-tracking technology and animation libraries to specify joint angles, efficient group representations to describe multiple humans, and hierarchical network protocols have been successfully employed to increase the number of humans represented, system performance, and user interactivity. The resulting system immerses participants effectively and has numerous useful applications.
Metalloradical activation of α-formyldiazoacetates for the catalytic asymmetric radical cyclopropanation of alkenes

For the first time, α-formyldiazoacetates have been successfully applied for the asymmetric cyclopropanation of alkenes via Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis. The cobalt(II) complex of the D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrin [Co(3,5-DitBu-ChenPhyrin)] is an effective metalloradical catalyst that can activate α-formyldiazoacetates to cyclopropanate both aromatic and aliphatic olefins with varied electronic properties, affording the synthetically useful 1,1-cyclopropaneformylesters in high yields with both high diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
Targeting CpG Adjuvant to Lymph Node via Dextran Conjugate Enhances Antitumor Immunotherapy

Nucleic acid based adjuvants recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLR) are potent immune system stimulants that can augment the antitumor immune responses in an antigen-specific manner. However, their clinical uses as vaccine adjuvants are limited primarily due to lack of accumulation in the lymph nodes, the anatomic sites where the immune responses are initiated. Here, we showed that chemical conjugation of type B CpG DNA, a TLR9 agonist to dextran polymer dramatically enhanced CpG’s lymph node accumulation in mice. Dextran conjugation did not alter CpG ODN’s uptake, internalization, and bioactivity in vitro. Delivery of Dextran-CpG conjugate markedly increased the uptake by antigen presenting cells in the lymph nodes and enhanced CD8+ T cell responses primed by protein vaccines, leading to improved therapeutic antitumor immunity. Furthermore, immunization with Dextran-CpG mixed with necrotic whole tumor cells induced a protective antitumor response in a murine model, suggesting that this approach was not ...
Niche Differentiation and Prey Selectivity among Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Sighted in St. George Sound, Gulf of Mexico

Two groups of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been identified within St. George Sound, Florida, USA: high site-fidelity individuals (HSF) which are individuals sighted multiple times in the region (i.e., ≥ 2 months, ≥ 2 seasons, and ≥ 2 years), and low site-fidelity individuals (LSF), which are individuals sighted fewer than 2 months, in 2 different seasons among 2 different years. Our goal was to determine whether differences in foraging behaviors were correlated with differences in sighting frequency and overall usage of St. George Sound by the two groups. We used carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes and niche hypervolume metrics to model the foodweb of St. George Sound. The mixing model indicated that croaker, mojarra, pigfish, pinfish, and silverperch were the most important prey items for dolphins. The hypervolume metrics demonstrate niche partitioning between HSFs and LSFs, with the HSFs relying more heavily on pinfish, pigfish, and mojarra, while the LSFs relied more on silverperch. Plankton, benthic diatoms, seagrass, and epiphytes all contributed to secondary production within St. George Sound. This diversity of source utilization by seagrass-associated consumers supported by a high rate of total production likely sustains high secondary productivity despite the potential for competition in this system. Zooplankton was the most important basal source to the system, followed by seagrass and benthic primary production (as indicated by a sanddollar proxy). The reliance of dolphins on seagrass-dependent prey indicates that alteration of seagrass habitat would significantly impact the dolphin community foraging in St. George Sound and suggests that preservation of seagrass habitat is an important component of an effective management strategy for dolphin populations in the region.
63 The role of mindfulness in physical dating violence, injuring a partner and psychological dating violence

Purpose Dating violence (DV) is a significant public health concern with serious consequences. Rates of DV are high among youth treated in Emergency Departments (EDs). More research is needed to understand the association between DV aggression (physical DV with and without injury to partner; psychological DV) and its correlates (e.g., mindfulness, technology use, mental health, service utilisation). Methods Participants included emerging adults (EAs; 18–25 years) treated in an urban ED who completed a self-administered computer survey. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted for physical DV (PDV) with/without injury and PDV with/without psychological DV (PsDV), and included mindfulness, alcohol consumption, cell phone use, anxiety and demographics. Results The sample included 746 EAs (37% Female, 61% African American, average age 21.5 years). Compared to those with no PDV, those with PDV/no injury had lower mindfulness (OR=0.97, 95% CI:0.95–0.99), more alcohol OR=1.14, 95% CI:1.06–1.23), more anxiety OR=1.06, 95% CI:1.02–1.11), and more cell phone use (OR=2.25, 95% CI:1.06–4.77). Participants with PDV/injury and those with PDV/PsDV had lower mindfulness (OR=0.95, 95%, CI:0.92–0.98; OR=0.96, 95% CI:0.94–0.99), more alcohol (OR=1.15, 95% CI:1.05–1.27; OR=1.18, 95% CI:1.09–1.29), and more anxiety (OR=1.08, 95% CI:1.02–1.14; OR=1.10, 95% CI:1.05–1.16). Participants reporting PDV/no PsDV reported lower mindfulness (OR=0.93, 95% CI:0.89–0.98) and more alcohol consumption (OR=1.19, 95% CI:1.04–1.38). Those with DV were no more likely to have received treatment then those without. Conclusions Mindfulness, alcohol, and anxiety are significant factors in PDV regardless of partner injury or concurrent PsDV. Those reporting DV are just as likely to use cell phones as those with no DV. They are also no more likely to have received mental health or substance use treatment. Contributions This research suggests: 1) potential for mindfulness-based interventions to reduce DV; 2) technology-enhanced interventions are a viable approach; 3) interventions are needed because perpetrators are no more likely to have received treatment.
How Companies Measure the Productivity of Engineers and Scientists

(1982). How Companies Measure the Productivity of Engineers and Scientists. Research Management: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 10-18.
Learning DNF by decision trees

We investigate the problem of learning DNF concepts from examples using decision trees as a concept description language. Due to the replication problem, DNF concepts do not always have a concise decision tree description when the tests at the nodes are limited to the initial attributes. However, the representational complexity may be overcome by using high level attributes as tests. We present a novel algorithm that modifies the initial bias determined by the primitive attributes by adaptively enlarging the attribute set with high level attributes. We show empirically that this algorithm outperforms a standard decision tree algorithm for learning small random DNF with and without noise, when the examples are drawn from the uniform distribution.
The Social Clause in Trade Treaties: Implications for International Firms

Various advocacy groups and primarily domestic-focused firms in developed countries have been pushing governments to include a "social clause" in trade treaties with less developed countries. Such a clause is designed to link trading access to markets in developed countries with improvements in working conditions in poor nations. The implications of such a clause for internationally-focused firms and how managers can effectively deal with human rights issues in their foreign operations are examined. Various constituencies in this debate are identified and an integrated response system on the part of firms is presented. It is suggested that the best policy for firms to adopt would be to acknowledge the relevance of the social clause in today's global economy and work closely with the various advocacy groups to ensure continuing public support while avoiding overly restrictive clauses in international trading agreements.
Robot planning, execution, and monitoring in an uncertain environment

An intelligent robot, operating in an external environment that cannot be fully modeled in the robot's software, must be able to monitor the success of its execution of a previously generated plan. This paper outlines a unifled i ormalism for describing and relating the various functions oi a robot operating in such an environment. After exploring the distinetion between the external world and the robot's internal model of it, and the distinction between actions that interact with the world and the robot's descriptions of those actions, we formalize the concepts of a plan and of its execution. Current developments at Stanford Research Institute, and the benchmark idea oi an ultimate rational robot, are both analyzed in this framework.
Stuff for Students

This chapter gives some information about R and Arc, and some hints for selected homework problems. As of August 2016, the author’s personal computer has Version 3.3.1 (June 21, 2016) of R, and Version 1.06 (July 2004) of Arc.
The rise of noncommunicable diseases in Kenya: An examination of the time trends and contribution of the changes in diet and physical inactivity

This study examined correlations of historical changes in diet and physical inactivity with the rise of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Kenya. Historical data on diet, wage jobs by industry, urbanization, gross domestic product (GDP), and morbidity due to NCDs were extracted from Kenya Statistical Abstracts, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT), and the World Bank online database. These data were plotted and correlations between these factors and the incidence of different NCDs over time were evaluated. There was a rapid rise in the incidence of circulatory disease starting in 2001, and of hypertension and diabetes starting in 2008. The rise of these NCDs, especially hypertension and diabetes, was accompanied over the same period by a rise in per capita GDP and physical inactivity (as measured by increased urbanization and declining proportion of agricultural and forestry wage jobs); a rise in per capita supply of rice, wheat and its products, and cooking oils; and a decline in the per capita supply of maize and sugar. In conclusion, the positive correlations between indicators of dietary consumption and physical inactivity and rates of hypertension, circulatory disease, and diabetes suggest that the rapid rise of NCDs in Kenya may be, in part, due to changes in these modifiable factors.
Trauma center transfer of elderly patients with mild Traumatic Brain Injury improves outcomes.

Abstract Background Elderly patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) are frequently transferred to designated Trauma Centers (TC). We hypothesized that TC transfer is associated with improved outcomes. Methods Retrospective study utilizing the National Trauma Databank. Demographics, injury and outcomes data were abstracted. Patients were dichotomized by transfer to a designated level I/II TC vs. not. Multivariate regression was used to derive the adjusted primary outcome, mortality, and secondary outcomes, complications and discharge disposition. Results 19,664 patients were included, with a mean age of 78.1 years. 70% were transferred to a level I/II TC. Transferred patients had a higher ISS (12 vs. 10, p Conclusions Elderly patients with mild TBI transferred to level I/II TCs have improved outcomes. Which patients with mild TBI require level I/II TC care should be examined prospectively.
An immigrant neighbourhood in ancient Rome

This article examines evidence for community among immigrants in ancient Transtiberim (modern Trastevere), a section of Rome that was both socially and spatially distinctive for much of the city's history. The only part of Rome located on the west bank of the Tiber River, Transtiberim was the heart of Rome's Jewish and Syrian communities. These immigrants and their descendants maintained certain traditions, languages and customs from home; participated in civic institutions that helped foster community at the local level; and laboured in institutions that were vital to the capital's urban economy. Though marginal in some ways, Transtiberim was also a neighbourhood where immigrants and their descendants found community and made vital contributions to the life of the imperial city.
Meaningful geometrics: bridging scratch to Python: nifty assignment

CS1 students sometimes have difficulty understanding the connection between early semester Scratch programming activities and later functional programming.
Catalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of N-Aryl Quinoid Compounds.

Diarylamines and related scaffolds are among the most common chemotypes in modern drug discovery. While they can potentially possess two chiral axes, there are no studies on their enantioselective ...
Towards a Poetics of Worldlessness: Hannah Arendt and the Limits of Human Action

At the heart of Hannah Arendt’s political philosophy, we find an often misunderstood central proposition: life is worldless. Through a close reading of Arendt’s The Human Condition (1958), this paper aims to unpack the complications of this proposition in order to provide a new understanding of the roles of the “world” and “worldlessness” in Arendt’s thought. Contrary to traditional interpretations, I argue that if we follow Arendt’s arguments to their logical conclusions we have to consider the possibility that both the world and meaningful human action are essentially worldless: while the world is nothing but the objectification of the difference between the worldlessness of life and the worldlessness of thought, the essence of meaningful human action will always be marked by a withdrawal from the world. This inversion of Arendt’s reflections on life, thought, world, and action, is the necessary foundation for a new engagement of the problem of worldlessness in the age of biopolitical rule.
STAGE SPECIFIC ISOZYMES OF DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM

ABSTRACT. A series of enzymes have been found to accumulate during discrete stages of the multicellular development of the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum. Isozymes of several of these enzymes have been separated and analyzed. The developmental kinetics of accumulation of the isozymes of acetylglucosaminidase, threonine deaminase, β-glucosidase, and alkaline phosphate are described and related to their probable physiological functions. The pattern of accumulation of the stage specific enzymes was determined in a series of morphological mutant strains blocked at various points in the developmental pathway. A linear dependent sequence of 8 steps and a single independent step could be delineated by the mutant strains. The order of the steps does not correspond in all cases with the temporal order of the stage specific enzymes. Thus, accumulation of several enzymes appears to be a delayed response to earlier events. In at least three cases, the accumulation of a specific enzyme is not required for subsequent biochemical differentiation and so does not appear to be a component of the dependent pathway.
“She dances featly”: Dance as Rhetoric in Act 4, Scene 4 of The Winter's Tale

In The Muses' Concord, James H. Jensen observes that rhetorical theory and practice ground all the arts of the Renaissance era (47). This connection is evident in the discourse of rhetorical and da...
Dynamic Changes of Convolutional Neural Network-based Mammographic Breast Cancer Risk Score Among Women Undergoing Chemoprevention Treatment.

Abstract Introduction We investigated whether our convolutional neural network (CNN)-based breast cancer risk model is modifiable by testing it on women who had undergone risk-reducing chemoprevention treatment. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ, or ductal carcinoma in situ at our institution from 2007 to 2015. The clinical characteristics, chemoprevention use, and mammography images were extracted from the electronic health records. We classified two groups according to chemoprevention use. Mammograms were performed at baseline and subsequent follow-up evaluations for input to our CNN risk model. The 2 chemoprevention groups were compared for the risk score change from baseline to follow-up. The change categories included stayed high risk, stayed low risk, increased from low to high risk, and decreased from high to low risk. Unordered polytomous regression models were used for statistical analysis, with P Results Of 541 patients, 184 (34%) had undergone chemoprevention treatment (group 1) and 357 (66%) had not (group 2). Using our CNN breast cancer risk score, significantly more women in group 1 had shown a decrease in breast cancer risk compared with group 2 (33.7% vs. 22.9%; P Conclusions Our CNN-based breast cancer risk score is modifiable with potential utility in assessing the efficacy of known chemoprevention agents and testing new chemoprevention strategies.
Characteristics of HIV Seroconverters Identified in an Emergency Department HIV Screening Program.

The emergency department (ED) may represent a missed opportunity to proactively intervene upon patients at “high risk” for HIV. We sought to describe characteristics of ED HIV seroconverters (indiv...
What is ESG, and is it Right for You?

Some people want to make investing a source of social change. Is that possible? If so, then what’s the best way to do that? Different ways to approach such investing exist. They have different goals, different costs, and benefits. This article discusses some of the more common reasons for ESG investing, and highlights potential pitfalls.
Simple tools to assist in the resolution of troubled banks

This toolkit is designed to assist authorities in resolving troubled banks. It provides generic forms that can be adapted for use in planning supervisory actions or implementing resolution processes. This toolkit contains forms that are generic and will need to be tailored to the particular country laws and circumstances. The toolkit also contains a least cost or lesser cost model and explanatory guide that provide diagnostic tools to assist authorities in estimating the costs of various resolution methods. The least cost or lesser cost model can also be used to value various assets that may be offered for sale as part of the resolution process. In some circumstances, the decision will be made to liquidate a bank at the end of a long period of utilizing other supervisory tools to try to rehabilitate the bank, thereby providing the authorities with adequate time to gather information about the problem bank and prepare a plan for its closure. In other circumstances, the authorities will have little time to plan for a bank's closing and will have to rely on their general crisis preparedness tools to handle the resolution process as efficiently as possible. Whichever circumstances are present, planning for bank resolution should be part of a country's overall strategy for its financial sector.
3 – Factors Affecting Transgenic Animal Production

This chapter provides general advice for investigators who are planning to generate transgenic mice by introduction of new DNA into the mouse genome. It focuses mainly on issues related to mouse husbandry and the establishment of transgenic lines after pronuclear injection of DNA. I discuss trouble-shooting strategies and summarize some common findings for new transgenic families, using transgenic mice that are rescued for albinism to provide visible examples of transgenic phenomenology.
Attitudes of in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination couples toward multiple gestation pregnancy and multifetal pregnancy reduction

Objective To determine attitudes regarding multiple pregnancy and multifetal pregnancy reduction in couples embarking on gonadotropin therapy. Design Questionnaire given to couples initiating gonadotropin therapy. Setting University hospital-based infertility unit. Patients Twenty-seven couples undergoing IVF and 50 couples undergoing IUI. Results The groups' responses tended to be quite similar, with all groups reporting declining favorability ratings as the fetal order increased. The IUI group did feel more favorable than the IVF group toward all gestational outcomes and less favorable toward multifetal pregnancy reduction. A history of live births and length of infertility had no significant impact on the results. Conclusion Couples undergoing gonadotropin therapy have an overall favorable attitude toward multiple gestational pregnancies of triplets or twins and an increased willingness to consider multifetal pregnancy reduction for quadruplets and more.
Location, Productivity, and Trade

Does trade liberalization increase competition? Location models provide a natural tool for answering this question, but, because of technical problems, their use in the trade literature has been limited. This paper develops a novel location model which is robust to arbitrary differences in productivity. In an otherwise standard general equilibrium trade environment, the model remains tractable under consumer preferences which are dramatically more general than those in traditional location models. I find that firms set variable markups which are increasing in firm productivity but which decline under a trade reform. Variable markups offer several improvements over the standard Dixit-Stiglitz framework with CES preferences, including the presence of small firms and measured gains in GDP under a trade reform. In this model trade liberalization reduces the total number of firms and increases their isolation in product space in a range of parameters that best explains firm data.
Information Lower Bounds via Self-Reducibility

We use self-reduction methods to prove strong information lower bounds on two of the most studied functions in the communication complexity literature: Gap Hamming Distance (GHD) and Inner Product (IP). In our first result we affirm the conjecture that the information cost of GHD is linear even under the uniform distribution, which strengthens the Ω(n) bound recently shown by Kerenidis et al. (2012), and answers an open problem from Chakrabarti et al. (2012). In our second result we prove that the information cost of IPn is arbitrarily close to the trivial upper bound n as the permitted error tends to zero, again strengthening the Ω(n) lower bound recently proved by Braverman and Weinstein (Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity (ECCC) 18, 164 2011). Our proofs demonstrate that self-reducibility makes the connection between information complexity and communication complexity lower bounds a two-way connection. Whereas numerous results in the past (Chakrabarti et al. 2001; Bar-Yossef et al. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 68(4), 702---732 2004; Barak et al. 2010) used information complexity techniques to derive new communication complexity lower bounds, we explore a generic way in which communication complexity lower bounds imply information complexity lower bounds in a black-box manner.