cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epinephrine and potassium homeostasis

Epinephrine and potassium homeostasis. The effect of epinephrine on potassium metabolism was examined in six subjects. Each subject participated in four studies as follows: (1) potassium chloride infusion (0.75 mEq/kg, i.v.) given over 2 hours, (2) epinephrine (0.05 µg/kg·min) plus potassium chloride, (3) propranolol (1.43 µg/kg·min) plus epinephrine plus potassium chloride, and (4) propranolol plus potassium chloride. The epinephrine infusion with potassium chloride led to a marked improvement in potassium tolerance, which was due to a greater than twofold increase in the extrarenal disposal of potassium (P K V) to rates that were actually below the basal potassium excretion rate (P K V, and when propranolol was infused alone, an enhancement in U K V (P Epinephrine et homeostasie du potassium. L'effet de l'epinephrine sur le metabolisme du potassium a ete etudie chez six sujets. Chaque sujet a participe a quatre etudes de la facon suivante: (1) perfusion de chlorure de potassium (0,75 mEq/kg, i.v.) administre en 2 heures, (2) epinephrine (0,05 µg/kg·min) plus chlorure de potassium, (3) propranolol (1,43 µg/kg·min) plus epinephrine plus chlorure de potassium, et (4) propranolol plus chlorure de potassium. La perfusion d'epinephrine avec du chlorure de potassium determine une augmentation importante de la tolerance au potassium, laquelle est due a une augmentation de plus du double de la disposition extra-renale du potassium (P K V a des debits inferieurs aux valeurs basales (P K V et quand le propranolol est perfuse seul une augmentation de U K V (P
Dispersant optimization using design of experiments for SiC/vinyl ester nanocomposites

The effect of dispersants on particle dispersion and flexural properties of SiC/vinyl ester nanocomposites was studied by factorial and response surface designs. The results show that the coupling agent 'gamma-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane (MPS)' has no adverse side effect on the flexural properties as illustrated by the good correlation between maximizing the flexural strength and minimizing the agglomerates. However, the dispersant 'BYK-W 966' has a slight adverse side effect on the flexural properties although it improves dispersion at higher dosage. With an optimal dosage of MPS and W966, a small amount of SiC in 0.5 wt% results in 8% increase in strength and 14% increase in modulus. The flushing operation using the dispersant '1-octanol/decane' achieves an excellent SiC dispersion but it does not result in improved flexural properties. This confirmed that a better state of nanoparticle dispersion does not necessarily lead to improved flexural properties. A good dispersion coupling with a strong filler/matrix interfacial bonding is the key to obtain enhanced flexural properties.
Magnetic structure in ordered FeCr

The magnetic phases of FeCr in the ${\mathrm{CsCl}\mathrm{}(\mathrm{B}}_{2})$ structure have been studied by three methods: (1) the full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method with a local-spin-density approximation without relativistic corrections, (2) the FLAPW method with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation potential in a generalized-gradient approximation, and (3) the augmented-spherical-wave method with the fixed-spin-moment procedure without nonlocal and relativistic corrections. Unusual antiferromagnetic (AF) and ferromagnetic (FM) phases are found from all these calculations; e.g., in the AF phase, both the Fe and the Cr sublattices are separately AF at large enough lattice constant; in the FM phase, the Fe and Cr sublattices have opposite FM moments at large lattice constants. With method (3), a second FM phase is found in which the moments of the two Fe atoms have different magnitudes and even opposite signs at large lattice constants. Methods (1) and (3) agree well in energy and moment values as functions of volume, but method (2) increases the equilibrium lattice constant by 1.9% and the average FM magnetic moment by 7.8% at equilibrium compared to method (1).
‘Unmixing’ of the deep-sea record and the deglacial meltwater spike

The Berger–Heath model of vertical mixing in deep-sea sediments provides a simple means of simulating an original input signal by ‘unmixing’ a signal found in deep-sea cores. When applied to an oxygen isotope record from the western equatorial Pacific, the possibility emerges that the entire ocean was covered by a low salinity water layer, during deglaciation.
Community specificity: life and afterlife effects of genes

Community-level genetic specificity results when individual genotypes or populations of the same species support different communities. Our review of the literature shows that genetic specificity exhibits both life and afterlife effects; it is a widespread phenomenon occurring in diverse taxonomic groups, aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems, and species-poor to species-rich systems. Such specificity affects species interactions, evolution, ecosystem processes and leads to community feedbacks on the performance of the individuals expressing the traits. Thus, genetic specificity by communities appears to be fundamentally important, suggesting that specificity is a major driver of the biodiversity and stability of the world's ecosystems.
Host-Induced Oviposition Preferences and Oviposition Markers in the Cowpea Weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus

The bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabr., chemically marks its host seeds with each oviposition event. Females reared on azuki beans laid a greater percentage of their eggs on that host than did females reared on pigeon peas, when both hosts were provided as oviposition substrates. However, the apparent Hopkins effect of host selection resulted entirely from the action of the oviposition marker, coupled with an oviposition preference for azuki beans. Observed differences in oviposition preference were due to variation in fecundity of females reared on these hosts with females reared on azuki beans less fecund. These results suggest that species that mark their hosts may show variation in host range due to local shortages of preferred species.
Analog-digital data processing of respiratory parameters

The data processing application to be described here might be regarded as a somewhat elementary one by those familiar with computer technology, i.e., most of those present. However, it is presented as an example of an application of data processing technology to a field in which most of the data gatherers are unfamiliar with the heights to which the computing art has been raised in its short lifetime.
Handbook of consultation services for children: Applications in educational and clinical settings

Abstract Zins, Kratochwill, and Elliott have provided an excellent edited volume on consultation services for children. The handbook is very comprehensive, including 20 chapters in the areas of theory, process, research, practice, and training; most readers will find a number of chapters of interest regardless of their professional status. The handbook as a whole is an excellent summary of the present day state of consultation, with a number of suggestions about where the field needs to proceed from here.
Concise syntheses of the 1,7-dihydropyrano[2,3-g]indole ring system of the stephacidins, aspergamides and norgeamides

Abstract Three approaches towards the synthesis of the 1,7-dihydropyrano[2,3- g ]indole ring system of the stephacidins, paraherquamides and norgeamides have been investigated. The first involves a tandem nitrene insertion/aromatic Claisen rearrangement. The second consists of a more conventional approach from commercially available 6-benzyloxyindole. The third approach is a revised synthesis of the 2-prenylated pyrano indole necessary for a biomimetic Diels–Alder approach towards the stephacidins, aspergamides and the norgeamides.
Long-term changes in dietary and food intake behaviour in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study

Aims To compare change in dietary intake, with an emphasis on food groups and food intake behaviour, over time across treatment arms in a diabetes prevention trial and to assess the differences in dietary intake among demographic groups within treatment arms. Methods Data are from the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Participants were randomized to a lifestyle intervention (n = 1079), metformin (n = 1073) or placebo (n = 1082) for an average of 3 years, after which the initial results regarding the benefits of the lifestyle intervention were released and all participants were offered a modified lifestyle intervention. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and at 1, 5, 6 and 9 years after randomization. Results Compared with the metformin and placebo arms, participants in the lifestyle arm maintained a lower total fat and saturated fat and a higher fibre intake up to 9 years after randomization and lower intakes of red meat and sweets were maintained for up to 5 years. Younger participants had higher intakes of poultry and lower intakes of fruits compared with their older counterparts, particularly in the lifestyle arm. Black participants tended to have lower dairy and higher poultry intakes compared with white and Hispanic participants. In the lifestyle arm, men tended to have higher grain, fruit and fish intakes than women. Conclusions Changes in nutrient intake among participants in the lifestyle intervention were maintained for up to 9 years. Younger participants reported more unhealthy diets over time and thus may benefit from additional support to achieve and maintain dietary goals. (Less)
A bichromatic fluorescent reporter for cell-based screens of alternative splicing

Alternative splicing is the primary source of proteome complexity in metazoans and its regulation shapes the proteome in response to shifting physiological requirements. We developed a bichromatic splicing reporter that uses a peculiar feature of some fluorescent protein coding regions to express two different fluorescent proteins from a single alternative splicing event. The mutually exclusive expression of different fluorescent proteins from a single reporter provides a uniquely sensitive approach for high-throughput screening and analysis of cell-specific splicing events in mixed cell cultures and tissues of transgenic animals. This reporter is applicable to the majority of alternative splicing patterns and can be used to quantify alternative splicing within single cells and to select cells that express specific splicing patterns. The ability to perform quantitative single-cell analysis of alternative splicing and high-throughput screens will enhance progress toward understanding splicing regulatory networks and identifying compounds that reverse pathogenic splicing defects.
The interaction of response M and % ORM in paired-associate learning

The interaction of response meaningfulness (M) and percentage occurrence of response members (%ORM) was investigated in two experiments. Results of both experiments indicated that early in training high-response M items produced larger differences between %ORM groups than low-response Mitems, but that the reverse was true late in training. Previous failures to obtain a significant M by %ORM interaction were attributed to the use of response measures which are not sensitive to the reversal of the interaction with training.
Genomic and proteomic profiling I: Leiomyomas in African Americans and Caucasians

Clinical observations indicate that leiomyomas occur more frequently in African Americans compared to other ethnic groups with unknown etiology. To identify the molecular basis for the difference we compared leiomyomas form A. Americans with Caucasians using genomic and proteomic strategies. Microarray, realtime PCR, 2D-PAGE, mass spectrometry, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Using Affymetrix U133A array and analysis based on P ranking (P < 0.01) 1470 genes were identified as differentially expressed in leiomyomas compared to myometrium regardless of ethnicity. Of these, 268 genes were either over-expressed (177 genes) or under-expressed (91 genes) based on P < 0.01 followed by 2-fold cutoff selection in leiomyomas of A. Americans as compared to Caucasians. Among them, the expression E2F1, RUNX3, EGR3, TBPIP, ECM2, ESM1, THBS1, GAS1, ADAM17, CST6, CST7, FBLN5, ICAM2, EDN1 and COL18 was validated using realtime PCR low-density arrays. 2D PAGE coupled with image analysis identified 332 protein spots of which the density/volume of 31 varied by greater than or equal to 1.5 fold in leiomyomas as compared to myometrium. The density/volume of 34 protein-spots varied by greater than or equal to 1.5 fold (26 increased and 8 decreased) in leiomyomas of A. Americans as compared to Caucasians. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of 15 protein spots identified several proteins whose transcripts were also identified by microarray, including 14-3-3 beta and mimecan, whose expression was confirmed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. These findings imply that the level rather than the ethnic-specific expression of a number of genes and proteins may account for the difference between leiomyomas and possibly myometrium, in A. Americans and Caucasians. Further study using larger sample size is required to confirm these findings.
Regiospecificity in the hydroxylation of lauric acid by rainbow trout hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes.

Abstract The catalytic activity of two hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes from untreated rainbow trout towards lauric acid was investigated. In a reconstituted system, cytochrome P450 LMC1 and P450 LMC2 were found to catalyze exclusively the ω- and (ω-1)-hydroxylation of lauric acid, respectively. Microsomal enzyme inhibition studies with polyclonal antibodies raised against the individual P450 isozymes showed that P450 LMC1 and LMC2, respectively, accounted for most if not all the ω- and (ω-1)-lauric acid hydroxylase activity of trout liver microsomes. The polyclonal antibodies were highly specific in that they only inhibited the enzyme activity of the P450 used as the immunogen. These results illustrate that as in mammals, ω- and (ω-1)-hydroxylation of lauric acid by trout liver microsomes can be carried out separately by distinct isozymes of cytochrome P450.
Planning and design of the obstetrics unit at medical center hospital in San Antonio

The planning involved in designing, equipping, and moving into a new obstetrics facility at Medical Center Hospital are described and the successes and shortcomings of the unit are discussed.
The Impact of Disability on Depression Among Individuals With COPD

Background Both disability and depression are common in COPD, but limited information is available on the time-ordered relationship between increases in disability and depression onset. Methods Subjects were members of a longitudinal cohort with self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis. Data were collected through three annual structured telephone interviews (T1, T2, and T3). Depression was defined as a score ≥ 4 on the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (S-GDS). Disability was measured with the Valued Life Activities (VLA) scale; three disability scores were calculated: percent of VLAs unable to perform, percent of VLAs affected (unable to perform or with some degree of difficulty), and mean VLA difficulty rating. Disability increases were defined as a 0.5 SD increase in disability score between T1 and T2. Multiple logistic regression analyses estimated the risk of T3 depression following a T1 to T2 disability increase for the total cohort and then excluding individuals who met the depression criterion at T1 or T2. Results Approximately 30% of subjects met the depression criterion each year. Eight percent to 19% experienced a T1 to T2 disability increase, depending on the disability measure. Including all cohort members and controlling for baseline S-GDS scores, T1 to T2 increases in disability yielded a significantly elevated risk of T3 depression (% affected odds ratio [OR] =3.6; 95% CI, [1.7, 7.7]; % unable OR = 6.1 [17, 21.8]; mean difficulty OR= 3.6 [1.7, 8.0]). Omitting individuals depressed at T1 or T2 yielded even stronger risk estimates for % unable (OR = 13.4 [2.0, 91.4]) and mean difficulty (OR = 3.9 [1.3, 11.8]). Conclusions Increases in VLA disability are strongly predictive of the onset of depression.
Analysis of diffraction gratings based on D-shaped fiber

A mathematical analysis that predicts the leakage parameters of diffraction gratings based on D-shaped fiber as a function of fiber and grating parameters is presented. The development approximates the elliptical fiber core with a rectangular dielectric waveguide. The effective-index method is used to transform the waveguide into an equivalent slab waveguide, and the leakage parameter of the grating is determined by using an approximate approach. A discussion of the relation between grating characteristics and waveguide parameters is presented.
High-content behavioral analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans in precise spatiotemporal chemical environments

To quantitatively understand chemosensory behaviors, it is desirable to present many animals with repeatable, well-defined chemical stimuli. To that end, we describe a microfluidic system to analyze Caenorhabditis elegans behavior in defined temporal and spatial stimulus patterns. A 2 cm × 2 cm structured arena allowed C. elegans to perform crawling locomotion in a controlled liquid environment. We characterized behavioral responses to attractive odors with three stimulus patterns: temporal pulses, spatial stripes and a linear concentration gradient, all delivered in the fluid phase to eliminate variability associated with air-fluid transitions. Different stimulus configurations preferentially revealed turning dynamics in a biased random walk, directed orientation into an odor stripe and speed regulation by odor. We identified both expected and unexpected responses in wild-type worms and sensory mutants by quantifying dozens of behavioral parameters. The devices are inexpensive, easy to fabricate, reusable and suitable for delivering any liquid-borne stimulus.
Fluidic Control of Aerodynamic Forces on a Bluff Body of Revolution

The aerodynamic forces and moments on a wind tunnel model of an axisymmetric bluff body are altered by induced local attachment of the separated base flow. Control is effected by an array of four integrated aft-facing synthetic jet actuators that emanate from narrow, azimuthally-segmented slots, equally distributed around the perimeter of the circular tail end within a small backward facing step that extends into a Coanda surface. The model is suspended in the wind tunnel by eight thin wires for minimal support interference with the wake. Fluidic actuation results in a localized, segmented vectoring of the separated base flow along the rear Coanda surface and induces asymmetric aerodynamic forces and moments to effect steering during flight. The aerodynamic effects associated with quasisteady and transitory differential, asymmetric activation of the Coanda effect are characterized using direct force and PIV measurements.
COVERING IN THE LATTICE OF SUBUNIVERSES OF A FINITE DISTRIBUTIVE LATTICE

The covering relation in the lattice of subuniverses of a nite distributive lattice is characterized in terms of how new elements in a covering sublattice t with the sublattice covered. In general, although the lattice of subuniverses of a nite distributive lattice will not be modular, nevertheless we are able to show that certain instances of Dedekind’s Transposition Principle still hold. Weakly independent maps play a key role in our arguments.
Determination of time independent component of the complex modulus during cure of thermosetting systems

A recent development suggests an approach to measure the equilibrium modulus through an impulse method. This paper is to report an attempt to apply such methods in measuring the changes of the equilibrium modulus of a thermosetting system during isothermal cures. Dynamic modulus changes were also measured and the results were correlated with that from the impulse method. At two different temperatures of cure, the equilibrium modulus values measured were very similar when the dynamic measurements showed tan δ = 1. At this point, it is not certain if the measured modulus is the real time independent portion of the elastic modulus, or contains the long relaxation time constant portion of the relaxation spectrum which appears to be pseudo-time independent at the time scale and the instrumental sensitivity of the present experimental set-up. This paper demonstrates the ease with which the impulse technique can be applied and suggests possible limitations or refinements.
Optimal reductions in CO2 emissions.

Abstract Current optimizing climate-economy models use CO 2 uptake functions that greatly underestimate both peak atmospheric CO 2 concentrations and the time horizon of elevated CO 2 . As a result these models underestiamte potential global warming damages. Here, a more realistic, but practical, carbon cycle parameterization is developed that can be incorporated within an optimizing climate-economy model framework. This method is utilized in conjunction with the DICE model (Nordhaus, 1994) to estimate optimal reductions in CO 2 emissions. The results are shown to be extremely sensitive to the pure rate of time preference, ϱ. For ϱ=3% (Nordhaus' preferred value), our model predicts an optimal CO 2 emission reduction of 13% by the year 2045, as compared to 11% in the original DICE model. But, for ϱ=0% the optimal emissions reduction rises to 79% in the year 2045 and to 97% by the year 2200. We argue that energy policy should be guided by the ϱ=0% results for both economic and ethical reasons. A steady-state analysis performed using the DICE model supports the argument that large fractional reductions in CO 2 emissions should be undertaken.
Chromosomes and Relationships of Long-Eared Bats of the Genera Plecotus and Otonycteris

Banded chromosomes were studied from the monotypic genus Otonycteris and compared to the Saharo-Arabian representative of the genus Plecotus ( P. austriacus christii ). These data, which indicate Otonycteris is a plecotine bat, were used to construct a phylogenetic tree for the five genera of long-eared vespertilionid bats. Two groups of long-eared bats were recognized according to shared-derived fusions since diverging from the primitive Myotis-Eptesicus lineage; Idionycteris and Euderma share four derived centric fusions, and Otonycteris, Barbastella , and Plecotus share five derived centric fusions. Otonycteris was derived from the Plecotus-Barbastella lineage by two rearrangements that reduced the chromosome number to 28.
CompEx: Compression-expansion coding for energy, latency, and lifetime improvements in MLC/TLC NVM

Multi-level/triple-level cell non-volatile memories (MLC/TLC NVMs) such as PCM and RRAM are the subject of active research and development as replacement candidates for DRAM, which is limited by its high refresh power and poor scaling potential. Besides the benefits of non-volatility (low refresh power) and improved scalability, MLC/TLC NVMs offer high data density and memory capacity over DRAM. However, the viability of MLC/TLC NVMs is limited primarily due to the high programming energy and latency as well as the low endurance of NVM cells; these are primarily attributable to the iterative program-and-verify procedure necessary for programming the NVM cells. In this paper, we propose compression-expansion (CompEx) coding, a low overhead scheme that synergistically integrates statistical compression with expansion coding to realize simultaneous energy, latency, and lifetime improvements in MLC/TLC NVMs. CompEx coding is agnostic to the choice of compression technique; in this paper, we evaluate CompEx coding using both frequent pattern compression (FPC) and base-delta-immediate (BΔI) compression. CompEx coding integrates FPC/BΔI with (k, m)q ‘expansion’ coding; expansion codes are a class of q-ary linear block codes that encode data using only the low energy states of a q-ary NVM cell. CompEx coding simultaneously reduces energy and latency and improves lifetime for no memory overhead and negligible logic overhead (≈ 10k gates, which is < 0.1% per NVM module). Our full-system simulations of a system that integrates TLC RRAM show that CompEx coding reduces total memory energy by 53% and write latency by 24%; these improvements translate to a 5.7% improvement in IPC, a 11.8% improvement in main memory bandwidth, and 1.8× improvement in lifetime over classical binary coding using data-comparison write. CompEx coding thus addresses the programming energy/latency and lifetime challenges of MLC/-TLC NVMs that pose a serious technological roadblock to their adoption in high performance computing systems.
NGU Treatment of New Advancement

Objective Analyze and inquire into clinical up use the curative effect and progress that the azithromycin cures NGU.Methods Select by examinations my hospital 185 NGUs accepting to cure during June,2010-December,2011 are random research objects,is divided into 200 sufferers matched control and observation set,the matched control adopts the Hyclate treatment of Doxycycline,the observation set adoption azithromycin cures.Results The matched control cure rate is 63.7%(58/91),efficient is 87.9%(80/91);The observation set cure rate is 72.3%(68/94),efficient is 94.7%(89/94).Two sets of difference have a statistics to learn meaning.(P0.05) Observation set and matched control compare,the bad reaction of observation set more the matched control is low,2 sets relatively have a statistics to learn meaning.(P0.05).Conclusion The azithromycin treatment effect wants to surpass Doxycycline Hyclate on clinical treatment NGU and badly respond smaller,have important meaning to the clinical expansion application.
Spontaneous Rectus Sheath Hematoma in Pregnancy Complicated by the Development of Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) represents a rare, but serious cause of abdominal pain. Case Here we discuss the case of a healthy multigravida female who presented at 28 weeks gestation with spontaneous RSH. Conservative management with multiple blood transfusions led to the development of transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) and intensive care unit admission. She was managed with noninvasive ventilatory support, gradually improved, and was weaned of ventilation. After hospital discharge, she progressed to full term and delivered a viable male infant vaginally at 37 weeks gestation. Conclusion Review of the literature demonstrates 13 cases of RSH in pregnancy, including our own. No other cases were complicated by transfusion related morbidity. RSH and TRALI are rare, but life threatening entities that can complicate pregnancy.
Abstract PP01-01: Chemoprevention of Cancer: Past, Present, and Future

We will summarize highlights of new concepts relating to chemoprevention of cancer during a long career of research on this topic. Particular emphasis will be placed on the following topics: carcinogenesis as a chronic disease process, the question of whether asymptomatic people are truly healthy, the use of drugs both singly and in combination for chemoprevention of cancer, tumor cell heterogeneity, the importance of the use of multifunctional drugs for chemoprevention, and the application of drugs developed in cancer studies for diseases other than cancer. Citation Format: Michael B. Sporn. Chemoprevention of Cancer: Past, Present, and Future. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PP01-01.
Computational Algebraic Geometry as a Computational Science Elective

This paper presents a new mathematics elective for an undergraduate Computational Science program. Algebraic Geometry is a theoretical area of mathematics with a long history, often highlighted by extreme abstraction and difficulty. This changed in the 1960’s when Bruno Buchberger created an algorithm that allowed Algebraic Geometers to compute examples for many of their theoretical results and gave birth to a subfield called Computational Algebraic Geometry (CAG). Moreover, it introduced many rich applications to biology, chemistry, economics, robotics, recreational mathematics, etc. Computational Algebraic Geometry is usually taught at the graduate or advanced undergraduate level. However, with a bit of work, it can be an extremely valuable course to a sophomore student with linear algebra experience. This manuscript describes Math 380: Computational Algebraic Geometry and shows the usefulness of the class as an elective to a Computational Science program. In addition, a module that gives students a high-level introduction to this valuable computational method was constructed for our Introductory Computational Science course.
Dual battery systems for 12-V automotive power supply

Abstract New power-supply systems for a wide range of vehicle platforms and a variety of electrical features are facing many requirements. Among them are CO2 reduction, transient load response capability and redundancy. These requirements are amendments to the traditional power-supply system requirements (such as voltage quality, for example). To fulfil those requirements several potential 12-V power-supply topologies are taken into account. A second energy storage device is the classification for these solutions. The technology for the second energy storage device can be considered within the entire landscape of batteries or capacitors. The battery based solutions will contain one of several lithium-ion chemistry or NiMH storage devices in addition to the lead–acid battery. An alternative to an advanced battery is a capacitor technology for energy storage. The benefit of this technology is high-power capability but it offers only small additional energy content. To integrate a second energy storage device into the power-supply system, the storage technology has to be chosen wisely based on the specific requirements of the vehicle application.
Embryonic stem cell secreted factors decrease invasiveness of triple-negative breast cancer cells through regulome modulation

Stem cell microenvironments decrease the invasiveness of cancer cells, and elucidating the mechanisms associated with disease regression could further the development of targeted therapies for aggressive cancer subtypes. To this end, we applied an emerging technology, TRanscriptional Activity CEll aRray (TRACER), to investigate the reprogramming of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in conditions that promoted a less aggressive phenotype. The repressive environment was established through exposure to mouse embryonic stem cell conditioned media (mESC CM). Assessment of carcinogenic phenotypes indicated that mESC CM exposure decreased proliferation, invasion, migration, and stemness in TNBC cells. Protein expression analysis revealed that mESC CM exposure increased expression of the epithelial protein E-cadherin and decreased the mesenchymal protein MMP9. Gene expression analysis showed that mESC CM decreased epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers fibronectin, vimentin, and Snail. Over a period of 6 d, TRACER quantified changes in activity of 11 transcription factors (TFs) associated with oncogenic progression. The EMT profile was decreased in association with the activity of 7 TFs (Smad3, NF-κΒ, MEF2, GATA, Hif1, Sp1, and RXR). Further examination of Smad3 and GATA expression and phosphorylation revealed that mESC CM exposure decreased noncanonical Smad3 phosphorylation and Smad3-mediated gene expression, increased GATA3 expression and phosphorylation, and resulted in a synergistic decrease in migration of GATA3 overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells. Collectively, the application of TRACER to examine TF activity associated with the transition of cancer cells to a less aggressive phenotype, as directed by mESC CM, identified novel mechanistic events linking the embryonic microenvironment to both favorable changes and cellular plasticity in TNBC cell phenotypes.
Modeling and Extraction of Causal Information in Analog Circuits

Automated analog circuit synthesis algorithms are conceptually different from manual design procedures mainly because of their limited learning capabilities, including understanding the causal justifications for certain design decisions. However, the causal information is critical for activities like constructing new circuit topologies, incrementally updating existing designs, circuit verification, and improving design optimization. This paper presents a model to represent the causal elements embedded in an analog circuit design and the methodology and algorithms to automatically extract the causal information. Experiments discuss the methodology for two state-of-the-art OpAmp/OTA circuits.
Interim Analysis of a Prospective Multi-Institutional Study of Surgery Resident Experience with Flexibility in Surgical Training

Background The Flexibility in Surgical Training (FIST) consortium project was designed to evaluate the feasibility and resident outcomes of optional subspecialty-focused training within general surgery residency training. Study Design After approval by the American Board of Surgery, R4 and R5 residents were permitted to customize up to 12 of the final 24 months of residency for early tracking into 1 of 9 subspecialty tracks. A prospective IRB-approved study was designed across 7 institutions to evaluate the impact of this option on operative experience, in-service exam (American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination [ABSITE]) and ACGME milestone performance, and resident and program director (PD) perceptions. The FIST residents were compared with chief residents before FIST initiation (controls) as well as residents during the study period who did not participate in FIST (no specialization track, NonS). Results From 2013 to 2017, 122 of 214 chief residents (57%) completed a FIST subspecialty track. There were no differences in median ABSITE scores between FIST, NonS residents, and controls. The ACGME milestones at the end of the R5 year favored the FIST residents in 13 of 16 milestones compared with NonS. Case logs demonstrated an increase in track-specific cases compared with NonS residents. Resident and PD surveys reported a generally favorable experience with FIST. Conclusions In this prospective study, FIST is a feasible option in participating institutions. All FIST residents, regardless of track, met requirements for ABS Board eligibility, despite modifications to rotations and case experience. Future studies will assess the impact of FIST on ABS exam results and fellowship success.
Nuclear proliferomics: A new field of study to identify signatures of nuclear materials as demonstrated on alpha-UO3.

Abstract The use of a limited set of signatures in nuclear forensics and nuclear safeguards may reduce the discriminating power for identifying unknown nuclear materials, or for verifying processing at existing facilities. Nuclear proliferomics is a proposed new field of study that advocates for the acquisition of large databases of nuclear material properties from a variety of analytical techniques. As demonstrated on a common uranium trioxide polymorph, α-UO3, in this paper, nuclear proliferomics increases the ability to improve confidence in identifying the processing history of nuclear materials. Specifically, α-UO3 was investigated from the calcination of unwashed uranyl peroxide at 350, 400, 450, 500, and 550 °C in air. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were acquired of the surface morphology, and distinct qualitative differences are presented between unwashed and washed uranyl peroxide, as well as the calcination products from the unwashed uranyl peroxide at the investigated temperatures. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) were used to understand the source of these morphological differences as a function of calcination temperature. Additionally, the SEM images were manually segmented using Morphological Analysis for MAterials (MAMA) software to identify quantifiable differences in morphology for three different surface features present on the unwashed uranyl peroxide calcination products. No single quantifiable signature was sufficient to discern all calcination temperatures with a high degree of confidence; therefore, advanced statistical analysis was performed to allow the combination of a number of quantitative signatures, with their associated uncertainties, to allow for complete discernment by calcination history. Furthermore, machine learning was applied to the acquired SEM images to demonstrate automated discernment with at least 89% accuracy.
Creep deformation and monotonic stress-strain behavior of Haynes alloy 556 at elevated temperatures

Creep and monotonic stress-strain behaviors of Haynes alloy 556 are studied and characterized at elevated temperatures using experimental results and analytical models. The Θ-Projection and Garofalo creep models describe the variations of the creep curve shape at different temperatures and stress levels reasonably well. The Θ-Projection method, however, results in accurate prediction of the rupture lives, while Garofalo model overestimates them. Both models provide fair predictions of minimum creep rate variations with stress at a given temperature. An incremental time method, which combines the time independent stress-strain data from standard tensile test with the creep data, is used to predict the stress-strain curve in slow-strain-rate tensile tests at elevated temperatures.
Casimir effect in (2 +1 )-dimensional Yang-Mills theory as a probe of the magnetic mass

The authors compute the Casimir energy of two parallel static wires at zero temperature in pure $(2+1)$- dimensional Yang-Mills theory. They show that the result is in good agreement with recent lattice simulations.
Embryonal and Postembryonal Development of Neurons of the Human Cerebral Cortex

The most characteristic feature of the cortical organisation, distinct from the nuclear and reticular subcortical formations, is that in its structure a multilayer and multi-level screen is present, being the most perfect reflective mechanism formed in the course of evolution. The cortical organisation is adapted to effectuating fine analysis and broad synthesis of diverse external and internal stimuli, as well as to differentiating and integrating signals and corresponding responses of various degrees of complexity. The diffe rentiation of the neocortex into cyto- and myeloarchitectonic layers is determined by a number of consecutive transformations of the neuronal structure. It is possible to establish definite features of similarity in the basic laws which govern the development of this process in onto- and phylogenesis.
Irreducibility and Factorizations in Monoid Rings

For an integral domain R and a commutative cancellative monoid M, the ring consisting of all polynomial expressions with coefficients in R and exponents in M is called the monoid ring of M over R. An integral domain R is called atomic if every nonzero nonunit element can be written as a product of irreducibles. In the study of the atomicity of integral domains, the building blocks are the irreducible elements. Thus, tools to prove irreducibility are crucial to study atomicity. In the first part of this paper, we extend Gauss’s Lemma and Eisenstein’s Criterion from polynomial rings to monoid rings. An integral domain R is called half-factorial (or an HFD) if any two factorizations of a nonzero nonunit element of R have the same number of irreducible elements (counting repetitions). In the second part of this paper, we determine which monoid algebras with nonnegative rational exponents are Dedekind domains, Euclidean domains, PIDs, UFDs, and HFDs. As a side result, we characterize the submonoids of Open image in new window satisfying a dual notion of half-factoriality known as other-half-factoriality.
A democratic critique of scripted curriculum

Despite the rising popularity of scripted curricula in the United States public and charter schools, there has been little to no research that explicitly addresses how this phenomenon influences th...
Considerations in Gender-Affirming Surgery: Demographic Trends

The transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) population is a significant minority, comprising at least 0.6% of the population. Visibility is growing rapidly, especially in younger generations. Gender affirming health care must adapt to this population's needs. Demographic data regarding TGNB health care are limited, but several disparities are clear, stemming from sociopolitical factors, such as external discrimination and insensitive and/or uninformed care. Most self-identifying TGNB patients receive some type of nonsurgical care, including hormonal and/or mental health. Gender-affirming surgery is highly prevalent as well, with at least one-quarter of TGNB people having had some combination of the procedures in this category.
Culturally Responsive Assessment and Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The literature suggests that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most difficult anxiety disorders to treat successfully. While several evidence-based practices have emerged to increase the success of GAD treatment, there is a dearth of literature discussing the integration of multiculturalism, cultural responsiveness, and evidence-based practice in the treatment of GAD. Cultural responsiveness is a benchmark for ethical clinical practice and continues to be a priority in the effective treatment of diverse populations with mental health disorders. This chapter seeks to discuss culturally responsive treatment of GAD including multicultural principles and culturally responsive assessment practices, as well as provide examples of culturally responsive treatment approaches for GAD.
What Did Jesus Mean in John 14.6

In John 14:6, I argue that the Johannine Jesus made several extraordinary ontological claims. By calling himself “the way,” Jesus declared himself the embodiment of the spirit of Torah, whose very person comprised the goal to which Torah pointed. By calling himself “the truth,” Jesus asserted that he was the perfect expression of Yahweh. By calling himself “the life,” Jesus maintained that he intrinsically possessed the power of existence. By insisting, “No one comes to the Father except through me,” Jesus claimed to be a person of such importance in the calculus of salvation that all who ever experienced relationship with God as Father from the beginning of the world until his day only did so through Jesus, despite that the vast majority of such persons predated Jesus’ earthly life and so knew nothing about Jesus. A strong case can be made that the historical Jesus uttered the sentiment in John 14:6. Based on the aforementioned exegesis, I will raise questions for future interreligious dialogue between Johannine scholars and scholars of non-Christian religions regarding the possibility, according to the Fourth Gospel and perhaps Jesus himself, that non-Christian religions constitute valid avenues of salvation.
The COVID-19 pandemic: A source of posttraumatic growth?

[...]it predicts that distress results from the threatened loss or actual loss of one’s personal resources, or from the failure of resource investment to yield anticipated resource gain. [...]PTG could be more effectively assessed with prospective designs that include both pre- and postevent measures. Promoting employees’ PTG PTG is generally regarded as a desirable outcome. [...]it is important to address how organizations might facilitate PTG among their workers. [...]rather than indiscriminately implement PTG interventions across all workers, it may instead be more effective to focus interventions on only those workers who lack an inherent capacity to experience PTG.
What Is the Difference Between a Hockey Mom and a Pit Bull?: Presentations of Palin and Gender Stereotypes in the 2008 Presidential Election

This study explores what effect different campaign information frames have on voters’ evaluations of Sarah Palin using data from an online experiment. We show that descriptions highlighting more st...
Modelling of binary computations in the brain neuronal circuits: The role of propagating reaction-diffusion waves

Abstract Using an example of a minimally structured brain neuronal circuit we have demonstrated that it can effectively process binary digital information presented in the form of propagating reaction-diffusion signals. It was found that a variety of millimeter size circuits which include only a few synaptic junctions and neurons can process such signals at frequencies typical of low-range gamma oscillations in the brain. It was also determined that the circuit's signal processing speed strongly depends on its size and synaptic strengths and only weakly reacts to the alterations of neuronal reaction-diffusion parameters.
Partition of Punjab: How a Secularist Province Developed Communal Consciousness

Why did the Punjabi community, well-known for its unique intercommunal harmony among Sikhs; Muslims; and Hindus, suddenly erupt into religious persecution at a more severe level than other Indian provinces which did not boast such a peaceful history? Although this question has largely been ignored in favor of a macro-analysis of the Partition of the entire Indian subcontinent, understanding how communal tensions arose in a relatively cordial community provides useful insight into the factors that increase one’s awareness of religious identity and destruction of their national identity. This paper identifies why intercommunal relations thrived in pre-partition Punjab. Furthermore, it investigates the elements which facilitated Punjab’s chaotic violence: 1) The fall of the Punjabi Unionist Party symbolized the destruction of national identity, 2) Involvement of the INC and the Muslim League in Punjabi government affairs through the utilization of propaganda introduced religious sectarianism, and 3) The British negligence while constructing the Punjab Boundary Award eliminated any means of reconciliation among the Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs.
Integrating Big Data Into Evaluation: R Code for Topic Identification and Modeling:

Despite the rising popularity of big data, there is speculation that evaluators have been slow adopters of these new statistical approaches. Several possible reasons have been offered for why this ...
An organic chemistry community

The recent Empowering Women in Organic Chemistry meeting was its most dynamic yet. Shanina Sanders Johnson discusses how this meeting exhibited inclusivity and examined strategies such as mentoring and forming allies to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion in organic chemistry.
Aging and the Law

Publisher Summary This chapter briefly outlines the different types of law, sources of legal authority, and functions of the law pertinent to an aging population. One of the types of law—constitutional law—emanates from the written documents that serve as the basic blueprints for the national government and the various states and localities. Another law—statutory or legislative law—consists of enactments by elected federal, state, and local legislatures operating under constitutional authority. State legislatures and administrative agencies attain the authority to enact statutes and publish regulations affecting older persons through two inherent governmental powers: police and parens patriae . The law as a social tool serves a number of important purposes. First, legal definitions that create distinct groups solely on the basis of their members' chronological age are a clear means of establishing and delineating relative social status. Second, the law may seek to prevent or mitigate potentially harmful behavior, for example, by requiring automobile seatbelt use or mandating periodic vision examinations for drivers. Third, law is a tool for creating and financing social programs, many of which are either targeted intentionally toward older persons or incidentally but disproportionately affect the elderly.