cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Current status of pediatric home mechanical ventilation in Japan

The first nationwide survey of pediatric home mechanical ventilation (HMV) was conducted. From 35 out of 149 medical centers investigated, 49 cases of HVM were reported. The patients ranged in age from 1 to 20 years, and the causes of respiratory failure were neuromuscular diseases (51%), central hypoventilation (33%), respiratory disorders (10%) and cervical cord injury (6%). Since 1983 when 2 patients were discharged home on mechanical ventilation, more and more ventilator-dependent children have been sent home every year. However, home mechanical ventilation is not yet well recognized in Japan as an option for pediatric patients with chronic respiratory failure, and there are many problems to be solved. Firstly, very few, if any, hospitals have a designated home care team composed of physicians and other specialists. Secondly, the current health insurance system scarcely covers the cost of home ventilation. Thirdly, development of home use equipment, in particular, portable ventilators and monitors is imperative. There are 107 hospitalized patients in 56 institutions who are reportedly able to go home if a support system is established. A program for pediatric home mechanical ventilation should be urgently developed on a national basis.
Diagnostic Evaluation of Usual Ductal Hyperplasia and Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia

Ductal hyperplasia of the breast is an intraductal proliferation of epithelial cells that is subdivided into two diagnostic categories: usual ductal hyperplasia and atypical ductal hyperplasia. Usual ductal hyperplasia represents a non-neoplastic proliferation that is commonly encountered as a component of fibrocystic changes. Atypical ductal hyperplasia, on the other hand, represents a neoplastic proliferation that shares cytologic and architectural features with ductal carcinoma in situ. Accurate differentiation between these two forms of ductal hyperplasia is important for patient management and breast cancer risk assessment.
Pay-for-Performance Reform Programs: It’s More Than the Money!:

This study evaluated five teachers from a middle school with a history of low-performances and high teacher turnover. This school participated in a reform program, Pay-For-Performance, where they r...
Impact of Statins on Cardiovascular Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring.

Abstract Background Compared with traditional risk factors, coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores improve prognostic accuracy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes. However, the relative impact of statins on ASCVD outcomes stratified by CAC scores is unknown. Objectives The authors sought to determine whether CAC can identify patients most likely to benefit from statin treatment. Methods The authors identified consecutive subjects without pre-existing ASCVD or malignancy who underwent CAC scoring from 2002 to 2009 at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The primary outcome was first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), a composite of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. The effect of statin therapy on outcomes was analyzed stratified by CAC presence and severity, after adjusting for baseline comorbidities with inverse probability of treatment weights based on propensity scores. Results A total of 13,644 patients (mean age 50 years; 71% men) were followed for a median of 9.4 years. Comparing patients with and without statin exposure, statin therapy was associated with reduced risk of MACE in patients with CAC (adjusted subhazard ratio: 0.76; 95% confidence interval: 0.60 to 0.95; p = 0.015), but not in patients without CAC (adjusted subhazard ratio: 1.00; 95% confidence interval: 0.79 to 1.27; p = 0.99). The effect of statin use on MACE was significantly related to the severity of CAC (p 100). Conclusions In a largescale cohort without baseline ASCVD, the presence and severity of CAC identified patients most likely to benefit from statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Computational Modeling in Pediatric Mental Health

Computational modeling has recently become of great interest to mental health clinicians as a tool for discovering the nature of pathophysiology and for clinical assessment, prediction, and treatment. Computational psychiatry is a term used to describe the application of computational modeling to behavioral and mental health problems. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has taken an interest in computational modeling, suggesting applications of interest, such as understanding the neural basis of mental illness, discovering new treatments, and predicting treatment response.1 In this brief overview, our goal is to touch on major themes that have emerged in computational psychiatry.
Bletilla guizhouensis (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from Guizhou China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

Bletilla guizhouensis (Coelogyninae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated in this study based on the morphological and molecular evidence. Based on the morphological comparison, B. guizhouensis is closely related to B. striata, but differs in having ovate-oblong floral bracts, oblong-elliptic dorsal sepal, lip broadly-obovate, lip mid-lobe subelliptic, and disk with 7 longitudinal lamellae. These features distinguish the new orchid from all other known species of Bletilla. Molecular analysis based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid DNA sequence data indicate that B. guizhouensis is a new species.
Country-specific demand elasticities for forest products: Estimation method and consequences for long term projections

Abstract Long-term projections for the global forest sector are particularly sensitive to the parameters of the demand equations for the end products. To get more precise estimators, and test statistics with more power than with pure time-series, the elasticities of demand are typically estimated from panel data, pooling time-series across countries, and thus assuming that the elasticities are the same in all countries. The objective of this study was to recognize potential differences between countries, while using the prior information obtained by pooling. The proposed method estimated with quadratic programming country-specific elasticities that minimized the sum of squares of the errors across countries and over time, while keeping the country elasticities within the confidence intervals of the pooled elasticities. The method was applied to international data for seven product groups from 1992 to 2016. Compared with pooling, country-specific elasticities reduced the root mean square error of in-sample predictions by 7% to 43% depending on the product. The country-specific elasticities had smaller standard errors than the pooled elasticities, and they tended to cluster near the bounds of the confidence intervals of the pooled elasticities. With country-specific elasticities in a global sector model the projected world prices in 2065 were 3% to 13% higher, depending on the product, than with pooled elasticities. World consumption in 2065 with country-specific elasticities was from 2% lower to 42% higher depending on the product, with large differences across countries and product groups.
Increased Functional Connectivity Within Intrinsic Neural Networks in Chronic Stroke Following Treatment with Red/Near-Infrared Transcranial Photobiomodulation: Case Series with Improved Naming in Aphasia.

Objective: To examine effects of four different transcranial, red/near-infrared (NIR), light-emitting diode (tLED) protocols on naming ability in persons with aphasia (PWA) due to left hemisphere (...
Immunogenicity of prostate cancer is augmented by BET bromodomain inhibition

Prostate cancer responds poorly to current immunotherapies. Epigenetic therapies such as BET Bromodomain inhibition can change the transcriptome of tumor cells, possibly making them more immunogenic and thus susceptible to immune targeting. We characterized the effects of BET bromodomain inhibition using JQ1 on PD-L1 and HLA-ABC expression in two human prostate cell lines, DU145 and PC3. RNA-Seq was performed to assess changes on a genome-wide level. A cytotoxic T cell killing assay was performed in MC38-OVA cells treated with JQ1 to demonstrate increased immunogenicity. In vivo experiments in the Myc-Cap model were conducted to show the effects of JQ1 administration in concert with anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade. Here, we show that targeting BET bromodomains using the small molecule inhibitor JQ1 decreased PD-L1 expression and mitigated tumor progression in prostate cancer models. Mechanistically, BET bromodomain inhibition increased MHC I expression and increased the immunogenicity of tumor cells. Transcriptional profiling showed that BET bromodomain inhibition regulates distinct networks of antigen processing and immune checkpoint molecules. In murine models, treatment with JQ1 was additive with anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy, resulting in an increased CD8/Treg ratio. BET Bromodomain inhibition can mediate changes in expression at a genome wide level in prostate cancer cells, resulting in an increased susceptibility to CD8 T cell targeting. These data suggest that combining BET bromodomain inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade may have clinical activity in prostate cancer patients.
Optical Imaging of Metabolic Changes in Human Lung Tumor-Adjacent Normal Tissue

Human non-small cell lung cancer specimens along with tumor-matched normal tissue, and uninvolved benign lung masses were investigated with two-photon microscopy. Tumor and tumor-matched normal samples presented decreased protein-bound NADH lifetimes compared to benign samples.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Large Biosynthetic Gene Clusters via Oligonucleotide Recombineering and CRISPR/Cas9 Targeting.

Genetic engineering of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters represents an attractive approach to access new and complex bioactive small molecules. However, due to the large number and size of...
Arbitration of accommodation in US workplaces: employee, stakeholder and human resources characteristics

This research examines how arbitrators consider accommodations for employees with physical and mental illnesses. Unlike other recent research on the subject, the authors specifically and purposely draw their sample from recent US arbitration cases—2015 to 2018, n = 209. Additionally, using content analysis software, NVivo, the case characteristics were autocoded, and the case outcomes were manually coded. Using logistic regression, the following model was developed to predict the odds of case outcomes: disability, injury, discrimination, retaliation, absence and reinstatement. The Cox and Snell and Nagelkerke analysis indicates that our model accounts for approximately 15.6 to 21.5 per cent of the variance, with 33.3 per cent of the individual and split arbitration cases outcomes and 91.2 per cent for organisation arbitration cases correctly predicted. The model predicts 71.2 per cent of the cases.
Secure IoT Communication Systems for Prediction of COVID-19 Outbreak: An Optimal Signal Processing Algorithm

This paper proposes an innovative COVID-19 stochastic model to secure communication systems for transferring and storing epidemic data. Considering the observable and non-observable COVID-19 states such as infection, confirmed/unconfirmed cases, recovery, and reported/unreported deaths, the dynamic COVID-19 framework is developed and verified. For transmitting local observation information to the central control center like CDC, an innovative internet of things (IoT) based secure communication system is proposed. For predicting COVID-19 model, an optimal signal processing algorithm is developed and implemented. Based on the designed gain, the dynamic system forecasting error is reduced to develop an accurate COVID-19 prediction method. Extensive results show that the proposed technique can properly forecast COVID-19 states within a short period of time. Consequently, the developed simulator and analysis is observed as a valuable resource for COVID-19 state prediction, proactive action and also for information security and privacy.
Rewriting Bondage: Literacy and Slavery in a Qing Native Domain

The article examines legal plaints authored by the household slaves, bondsmen, bonded tenants, concubine, wife, sisters, and affines of the chieftain of a native domain in northern Yunnan Province, China in 1760. These kin and enslaved persons of the chiefly house were struggling over whether a slave baby should become the chieftain of this sprawling realm. The documents were preserved in the hereditary house of the native chieftain along with some 500 manuscripts in an indigenous script now called Nasu, which carried its own assumptions about what writing was and what it could do. I read the Chinese-language legal documents with an eye to the tradition of Nasu ritual writing. I argue that a group of bondsmen accused of rebelling against the chiefly household were actually seeking to preserve it by extending the ritualized tasks of writing ancestry and descent into the realm of Qing legal practice. This allows me to extend the first of two methodological suggestions: that the kinship of bondage and the bondage of kinship are best seen as participating reciprocally in a single field of relations. I then follow a group of domestic slaves as they travel to the administrative city and search for a litigation master to write up their own legal plaint. With this exercise, I propose a second methodological argument: that reading and writing are complex human skills, often partly available even to those who cannot use pen and paper, and involving the coordination of forms of textuality across different planes of inscription.
Comparative risk apportionment

A decision maker who would rather apportion an independent risk in a state with a good lottery than in a state with a bad lottery is said to have a preference for risk apportionment (Eeckhoudt and Schlesinger in Am Econ Rev 96:280–289, 2006). In this paper, we propose a measure for the strength of nth-degree risk apportionment preference based on Pratt’s probability premium (Pratt in Econometrica 32:122–136, 1964). Under expected utility theory, we analyze the relationship between a greater preference for risk apportionment and both the Ross and Arrow–Pratt versions of comparative risk aversion.
A comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 transmission and mortality rates at the county level in the United States considering socio-demographics, health indicators, mobility trends and health care infrastructure attributes.

BACKGROUND: Several research efforts have evaluated the impact of various factors including a) socio-demographics, (b) health indicators, (c) mobility trends, and (d) health care infrastructure attributes on COVID-19 transmission and mortality rate. However, earlier research focused only on a subset of variable groups (predominantly one or two) that can contribute to the COVID-19 transmission/mortality rate. The current study effort is designed to remedy this by analyzing COVID-19 transmission/mortality rates considering a comprehensive set of factors in a unified framework. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We study two per capita dependent variables: (1) daily COVID-19 transmission rates and (2) total COVID-19 mortality rates. The first variable is modeled using a linear mixed model while the later dimension is analyzed using a linear regression approach. The model results are augmented with a sensitivity analysis to predict the impact of mobility restrictions at a county level. Several county level factors including proportion of African-Americans, income inequality, health indicators associated with Asthma, Cancer, HIV and heart disease, percentage of stay at home individuals, testing infrastructure and Intensive Care Unit capacity impact transmission and/or mortality rates. From the policy analysis, we find that enforcing a stay at home order that can ensure a 50% stay at home rate can result in a potential reduction of about 33% in daily cases. CONCLUSIONS: The model framework developed can be employed by government agencies to evaluate the influence of reduced mobility on transmission rates at a county level while accommodating for various county specific factors. Based on our policy analysis, the study findings support a county level stay at home order for regions currently experiencing a surge in transmission. The model framework can also be employed to identify vulnerable counties that need to be prioritized based on health indicators for current support and/or preferential vaccination plans (when available).
Generation of an isoform-level transcriptome atlas of macrophage activation

RNA-seq is routinely used to measure gene expression changes in response to cell perturbation. Genes upregulated or downregulated following some perturbation are designated as genes of interest, and their most expressed isoform(s) would then be selected for follow-up experimentation. However, because of its need to fragment RNA molecules, RNA-seq is limited in its ability to capture gene isoforms and their expression patterns. This lack of isoform-specific data means that isoforms would be selected based on annotation databases that are incomplete, not tissue specific, or do not provide key information on expression levels. As a result, minority or nonexistent isoforms might be selected for follow-up, leading to loss in valuable resources and time. There is therefore a great need to comprehensively identify gene isoforms along with their corresponding levels of expression. Using the long-read nanopore-based R2C2 method, which does not fragment RNA molecules, we generated an Isoform-level transcriptome Atlas of Macrophage Activation that identifies full-length isoforms in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Macrophages are critical innate immune cells important for recognizing pathogens through binding of pathogen-associated molecular patterns to toll-like receptors, culminating in the initiation of host defense pathways. We characterized isoforms for most moderately-to-highly expressed genes in resting and toll-like receptor–activated monocyte-derived macrophages, identified isoforms differentially expressed between conditions, and validated these isoforms by RT-qPCR. We compiled these data into a user-friendly data portal within the UCSC Genome Browser (https://genome.ucsc.edu/s/vollmers/IAMA). Our atlas represents a valuable resource for innate immune research, providing unprecedented isoform information for primary human macrophages.
Bergamottin a CYP3A inhibitor found in grapefruit juice inhibits prostate cancer cell growth by downregulating androgen receptor signaling and promoting G0/G1 cell cycle block and apoptosis.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related death in American men. Several therapies have been developed to treat advanced prostate cancer, but these therapies often have severe side effects. To improve the outcome with fewer side effects we focused on the furanocoumarin bergamottin, a natural product found in grapefruit juice and a potent CYP3A inhibitor. Our recent studies have shown that CYP3A5 inhibition can block androgen receptor (AR) signaling, critical for prostate cancer growth. We observed that bergamottin reduces prostate cancer (PC) cell growth by decreasing both total and nuclear AR (AR activation) reducing downstream AR signaling. Bergamottin’s role in reducing AR activation was confirmed by confocal microscopy studies and reduction in prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, which is a marker for prostate cancer. Further studies revealed that bergamottin promotes cell cycle block and accumulates G0/G1 cells. The cell cycle block was accompanied with reduction in cyclin D, cyclin B, CDK4, P-cdc2 (Y15) and P-wee1 (S642). We also observed that bergamottin triggers apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines as evident by TUNEL staining and PARP cleavage. Our data suggests that bergamottin may suppress prostate cancer growth, especially in African American (AA) patients carrying wild type CYP3A5 often presenting aggressive disease.
The Place of Continuous Culture in Microbiological Research

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the importance of continuous culture in microbiological research. The present theory of continuous culture and its practicability stem from this dependence of growth rate on nutrient concentration. It is appropriate, therefore, to consider the behavior of organisms growing in a “continuous” culture. Although occasional attempts have been made to equate organisms growing in a continuous culture with similar organisms in a batch culture at specific stages of the growth cycle, basically the two situations are entirely different. With a complex medium, such as a tryptic digest of meat or acid hydrolysed casein, it would be difficult to ascertain the nature of the environmental change that would limit growth, this probably would vary with parameters such as temperature and medium-flow rate. To exploit continuous-culture methods to the full, it is essential to understand not only the ways in which this technique can succeed but also the ways in which it may possibly fail. The single advantage to be gained from growing cultures in a chemostat is that the environment is controlled and invariant with time; thus phenotypic variations in the population are minimized. There is an urgent need for the manufacture and marketing of a simple (and cheap) chemostat that is suitable for teaching purposes. Only then can students acquire early experience in the practice of continuous culture and overcome the doubts and inhibitions generated by exposure to the theoretical complexities of the system.
Electronically controlled continuous culture device.

A photocell-controlled continuous culture device, a Nephelostat, is described that maintains a wide variety of cultures of microorganisms in balanced growth. This Nephelostat controls concentrations of bacteria within ±3% over a cell concentration range of 106 to 109 cells per ml. Growth rates are recorded so that changes in the growth rate are observed over small increments of time. Spontaneous and caffeine-induced mutation rates of two strains of Escherichia coli were compared under Nephelostat and chemostat conditions. Images
Normal state electrical measurements near the ferroelastic phase transformation in single crystal YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta /

Normal state electrical resistance measurements were made on single crystal YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / over the temperature range 200-800 degrees C in oxygen and argon atmospheres, and the twin structure was observed simultaneously by hot-stage optical microscopy. The resistance of the crystal maintained a linear metallic-type behavior to higher temperatures (500 degrees C) than reported for bulk ceramic specimens. Anomalous resistance behavior was observed in the vicinity of the ferroelastic orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transformation under certain probe configurations and measuring conditions. Correlations between observed in situ twinning and resistance characteristics are discussed. >
Primaquine-mediated oxidative metabolism in the human red cell: Lack of dependence on oxyhemoglobin, H2O2 formation, or glutathione turnover

Stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt by primaquine results from the oxidation of NADPH by primaquine. This conclusion was based on the observations that primaquine lowered cellular NADPH but not GSH and that, in red cells in which the GSH was unavailable for reaction, primaquine still stimulated the rate of the hexose monophosphate shunt. In a non-cellular system, primaquine interacted with NADPH, but not GSH, to produce H2O2. Stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt by primaquine does not primarily involve H2O2 accumulation since stimulation of the pathway by primaquine was also observed in red cells containing methemoglobin, a red cell preparation in which no H2O2 accumulates. Methemoglobin prevented the formation and/or accumulation of H2O2 in intact red cells incubated with primaquine as well as in a non-cellular system containing primaquine plus Fe2+-EDTA as an H2O2 source. Methemoglobin probably acts by scavenging reactive intermediates since oxyhemoglobin was formed from methemoglobin in the non-cellular experiments. In the red cell, primaquine stimulated glucose-dependent conversion of methemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin.
Computational Geometry and Computer Graphics in C

I. BASICS. 1. Introduction. Framework. Our Use of the C++ Language. Robustness. 2. Analysis of Algorithms. Models of Computation. Complexity Measures. Asymptotic Analysis. Analysis of Recursive Algorithms. Problem Complexity. Chapter Notes. Exercises. 3. Data Structures. What are Data Structures? Linked Lists. Lists. Stacks. Binary Search Trees. Braided Binary Search Trees. Randomized Search Trees. Chapter Notes. Exercises. 4. Geometric Data Structures. Vectors. Points. Polygons. Edges. Geometric Objects in Space. Finding the Intersection of a Line and a Triangle. Chapter Notes. Exercises. II. APPLICATIONS. 5. Incremental Insertion. Insertion Sort. Finding Star-Shaped Polygons. Finding Convex Hulls: Insertion Hull. Point Enclosure: The Ray-Shooting Method. Point Enclosure: The Signed Angle Method. Line Clipping: The Cyrus-Beck Algorithm. Polygon Clipping: The Sutherland-Hodgman Algorithm. Triangulating Monotone Polygons. Chapter Notes. Exercises. 6. Incremental Selection. Selection Sort. Finding Convex Hulls: Gift-Wrapping. Finding Complex Hulls: Graham Scan. Removing Hidden Surfaces: The Depth-Sort Algorithm. Intersection of Convex Polygons. Finding Delaunay Triangulations. Chapter Notes. Exercises. 7. Plane-Sweep Algorithms. Finding the Intersections of Line Segments. Finding Convex Hulls: Insertion Hull Revisited. Contour of the Union of Rectangles. Decomposing Polygons into Monotone Pieces. Chapter Notes. Exercises. 8. Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms. Merge Sort. Computing the Intersection of Half-Planes. Finding the Kernel of a Polygon. Finding Voronoi Regions. Merge Hull. Closest Points. Polygon Triangulation. Chapter Notes. Exercises. 9. Spatial Subdivision Methods. The Range Searching Problem. The Grid Method. Quadtrees. Two-Dimensional Search Trees. Removing Hidden Surfaces: Binary Space Partition Trees. Chapter Notes. Exercises. Bibliography. Index.
Genetic Algorithms in Structural Topology Optimization

The present paper describes the use of a stochastic search procedure that is the basis of genetic algorithms (GA), in developing near-optimal topologies of load bearing truss structures. The problem addressed is one wherein the structural geometry is created from a specification of load conditions and available support points in the design space. The development of this geometry must satisfy kinematic stability requirements in addition to the usual requirements of structural strength and stiffness. The approach is an adaptation of the ground-structure method of topology optimization, and is implemented in a two-level GA based search. In this process, the kinematic stability constraints are imposed at one level, followed by the treatment of response constraints at a second level of optimization. Singular value decomposition is used to assess the kinematic stability constraint at the first level of design, and results in the creation of a finite number of increasing weight, stable topologies. Member sizing is then introduced at a second level of design, where minimal weight and response constraints are simultaneously considered. At this level, the only admissible topologies are those identified during the first stage and any stable combinations thereof. The design variable representation scheme allows for both the removal and addition of structural members during optimization.
Natural killer cells suppress humoral immunity and development of neutralizing antibodies (VIR1P.962)

Pathogen-specific neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are a key component of protective immunity after infection or vaccination. However, broadly-specific nAbs that can prevent infections with highly mutable viruses like HIV are rarely seen in infected patients and are poorly elicited by current vaccines. Therefore, new vaccine strategies are needed to enhance the induction of nAbs, potentially by augmenting the germinal center (GC) reactions that facilitate somatic hypermutation, affinity maturation and development of high-affinity nAbs. Here, we demonstrate that natural killer (NK) cells impair humoral immunity by contributing to a weak GC response and subdued generation of virus-specific nAbs after acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of mice. The magnitude and duration of the LCMV-induced GC response was substantially reduced by NK cells, which constricted the number of both follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and GC B cells present in lymphoid tissues. NK cell-mediated suppression of GC responses was also observed in different stains of mice and after infection with a variety of dissimilar pathogens, suggesting that NK cell suppression of humoral immunity is a universal feature of infection. Notably, NK cell inhibition of the GC response during LCMV infection resulted in a markedly delayed and relatively weak nAb response. Thus, targeting of immunosuppressive NK cells could represent a revolutionary method to enhance the efficacy of future vaccine regimens.
Going North, coming South: Guatemalan migratory flows

Understanding the return aspect of international migration is vital because returnees replete with new ideas, perceptions on life, and monies affect every dimension of social life in migrants’ places of origin. Yet, return migration remains uneven and an understudied aspect of migratory flows because migration scholars have privileged why individuals migrate, the underlying motivations for their moves abroad, and how migrants assimilate and succeed in their destinations abroad. Drawing on ethnographic research, this article addresses the migratory flows of Ladino and Mayan Guatemalans: those who go North, but in particular, those who come South. And in doing so, it highlights their similar and divergent responses towards migration processes.
Evaluation of a Suicide Prevention Center by Sampling the Population at Risk

: At present there are no clear guidelines for assessing the effectiveness of suicide prevention and crisis centers. This report focuses on one readily available source of data, specifically that segment of the population at risk made up of persons admitted to the inpatient service of a mental health center due to depressive and/or suicidal states, including suicide attempts. To determine the role of the suicide prevention center in providing services to this group, 575 persons meeting these criteria were interviewed. The findings included the following: (a) 11 percent had utilized suicide prevention center services, with 59 percent of these experiencing substantial benefit; (b) 20 percent stated they were unaware of the center; (c) 8 percent expressed the view that calling the center would be inappropriate because a suicide attempt was not imminent; and (d) 26 percent indicated an inclination to call the center in the event of subsequent difficulties. Experience suggests that response to a crisis (intervention) as well as response to low lethality callers with “everyday problems” (prevention) constitute valid functions of a suicide prevention and crisis center. Preoccupation with short-term goals, such as reducing the apparent suicide rate, should not dominate the conceptualizing of program evaluation methods.
Knowing Music, Making Music: Javanese Gamelan and the Theory of Musical Competence and Interaction

Knowing Music, Making Music: Javanese Gamelan and the Theory of Musical Competence and Interaction. Benjamin Brinner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. 363 pp.
A SAR correlation algorithm which accommodates large-range migration

This paper presents an algorithm for azimuth correlation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data with extraordinarily large-range migration which cannot be accommodated by the existing frequency domain interpolation approach used in current Seasat SAR processing. We first provide a mathematical model for the SAR range-correlated point-target response both in the spatial and frequency domains. A simple and efficient processing algorithm derived from the exact two-dimensional correlation algorithm is given. This algorithm enables azimuth correlation by two cascaded one-dimensional correlation steps. The first step is to transform the range-correlated SAR data into the frequency domain in azimuth, followed by a newly developed range convolution filter to correct the range-dispersed spectrum of the range-correlated point-target response (RCPTR). The second step is the frequency-domain range migration correction approach for the azimuth compression. Simulation results provided here indicate that this processing algorithm yields a satisfactory compressed impulse response for SAR data with large-range migration whereas previous methods were subject to a broadening of the impulse response along range.
Pediatric Bone Scanning: Clinical Indication of 18F NaF PET/CT

Skeletal imaging of children with fluorine-18 ((18)F) NaF harnesses the superior imaging characteristics of positron emission tomography (PET) and the improved biodistribution of the fluoride tracer compared with standard nuclear techniques, resulting in excellent quality images. Bone malignancy in children is less common than in adults, and the evaluation of benign skeletal disorders represents a larger fraction of indications in the pediatric versus adult population. (18)F NaF PET imaging has been successfully applied to various benign disorders, particularly trauma and sports medicine applications.
Two new phlebotomine sandflies from Bolivia, Lutzomyia boliviana, n. sp. and Warileya yungasi, n. sp. (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Two new species of phlebotomine sandflies from the Los Yungas region of Bolivia are described and illustrated: Lutzomyia boliviano , n. sp. based on a single male and female taken together in a tree hollow at an elevation of 1500 m, and Warileya yungasi , n. sp. based on 3 males from an abandoned mine shaft at an elevation of 2200 m.
Carotid bruit and the risk of stroke in elective surgery.

The finding of a carotid-artery bruit before elective surgery leads to a variety of actions among different physicians. Some recommend angiography or noninvasive carotid-artery studies followed by ...
Customized oligonucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization as a clinical assay for genomic profiling of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Chromosome gains and losses used for risk stratification in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are commonly assessed by multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies. We designed and validated a customized array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) platform as a clinical assay for CLL genomic profiling. A 60-mer, 44,000-probe oligonucleotide array with a 50-kb average spatial resolution was augmented with high-density probe tiling at loci that are frequently aberrant in CLL. Aberrations identified by aCGH were compared with those identified by a FISH panel, including locus-specific probes to ATM (11q22.3), the centromeric region of chromosome 12 (12p11.1–q11), D13S319 (13q14.3), LAMP1 (13q34), and TP53 (17p13.1). In 100 CLL samples, aCGH/FISH concordance was seen for 89% of FISH-called aberrations at the ATM (n = 18), D13S319 (n = 42), LAMP (n = 12), and TP53 (n = 22) loci and for chromosome 12 (n = 14). Eighty-four percentage of FISH/aCGH discordant calls were in samples either at or below the limit of aCGH sensitivity (10% to 25% FISH aberration-containing cells). Therefore, aCGH profiling is a feasible routine clinical test with comparable results to multiprobe FISH studies; however, it may be less sensitive than FISH in cases with low-level aberrations. Further, a customized array design can provide comprehensive genomic profiling with additional accuracy in both identifying and defining the extent of small aberrations at target loci.
Sexual Dimorphism in Weight Among the Primates: The Relative Impact of Allometry and Sexual Selection

In this paper, we examine allometric and sexual-selection explanations for interspecific differences in the amount of sexual dimorphism among 60 primate species. Based on evidence provided by statistical analyses, we reject Leutenegger and Cheverud’s [(1982). Int. J. Primatol.3:387-402] claim that body size alone is the major factor in the evolution of sexual dimorphism. The alternative proposed here is that sexual selection due to differences in the reproductive potential of males and females is the primary cause of sexual dimorphism. In addition, we propose that the overall size of a species determines whether the dimorphism will be expressed as size dimorphism,rather than in some other form.
Automated performance prediction for scalable parallel computing

Abstract Performance prediction is necessary in order to deal with multi-dimensional performance effects on parallel systems. The compiler-generated analytical model developed in this paper accounts for the effects of cache behavior, CPU execution time and message passing overhead for real programs written in high level data-parallel languages. The performance prediction technique is shown to be effective in analyzing several non-trivial data-parallel applications as the problem size and number of processors vary. We leverage technology from the Maple symbolic manipulation system and the S-PLUS statistical package in order to present users with critical performance information necessary for performance debugging, architectural enhancement and procurement of parallel systems. The usability of these results is improved through specifying confidence intervals as well as predicted execution times for data-parallel applications.
Concerning the theory of workload control

Abstract An existing taxonomy of workload control rules is adapted to classify 25 workload control rules and their components examined in prior research to create a basis to model how three workload control rule components – order selection, work aggregation and buffer limits – affect shop performance in environments that differ in their bottleneck utilization and protective capacity levels. Two of the most frequently studied rules in the literature – CONWIP and DBR – were included in the simulation. Data analysis found that the workload control rules had a significant positive effect on the shop performance measures only in environments with the highest bottleneck utilization and the lowest protective capacity. However, the work aggregation method was found to be an important component of the workload control rule. Suggestions were made for future research that could increase our understanding of workload control rules and integrate this research with our understanding of lean production.
Abstract 5656: Role for Sphingosine kinase 1 in head & neck cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Novel and effective targets for cancer therapy and prevention are increasingly important in cancer research, especially for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is one of the most lethal cancers. A potential target for this type of cancer might be sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) which phosphorylates sphingosine to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) because it is a critical regulator of sphingolipid-mediated functions and the SphK1/S1P pathway has been implicated in several important biological functions including inflammation and carcinogenesis. To investigate the potential of SphK1 as a target in head and neck cancer development, we used a 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO)-induced carcinogenesis tongue model in SphK1 knockout mice. All mice were treated with 4-NQO at 40 μg/ml in drinking water for 14 weeks (untreated water was available thereafter, until the end of the experiment). All animals were sacrificed at 20 weeks and animal tongues were examined. We found that SphK1 positively stained in tongue cancer induced by 4-NQO in wild type mice, and 72% SphK1 KO mice developed tongue cancer, whereas 96% of the wild type mice did (P<0.05). Furthermore, tongue cancer volume was significantly decreased in SphK1 KO mice (P<0.05). To understand how SphK1 is responsible for decreasing tongue cancer, we used a BrdU incorporation assay to evaluate cell proliferation and used a cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry assay to indicate apoptosis in tongue cancer tissues. We found that tongue cancers in SphK1 KO mice had significantly less cell proliferation and increased apoptosis compared to in wild type mice (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). Assaying for sphingolipid profiles in mouse blood, we found that S1P was significantly reduced in SphK1 KO mice (P<0.001), and that C16-ceramide was also significantly reduced in SphK1 KO mice compared to wild type mice (P<0.05). These data are consistent with our previous results (Cancer Lett., 256: 101-111, 2007). We also found that 4-NQO-activated phospho-Akt was reduced in tongue cancers in SphK1 KO mice, suggesting that the SphK1/S1P pathway may be involved in PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in HNSCC development. Our data suggest that the SphK1/S1P pathway may mediate HNSCC development and that inhibition of this pathway may be an effective and novel target for chemoprevention against HNSCC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5656.
Separation of R- and S-Thalidomide by Reversed-Phase HPLC with β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase

R- and S-Thalidomide were resolved by reversed-phase HPLC on a C-18 column with β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase. As the concentration of β-cyclodextrin was increased stepwise from 0 to 20 mM, enantiomeric resolution increased and retention times decreased significantly. The influence of different organic modifiers in the mobile phase were evaluated, and ethanol, among others, proved to be effective. Equilibrium constants for the formation of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of R- and S-thalidomide in EtOH-buffer (5:95) were calculated to be 64 and 76 M−1, respectively. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Management of typical and atypical intestinal malrotation.

Abstract Background: "Atypical Malrotation" has been increasingly diagnosed at the authors' institution. Methods: The authors reviewed retrospectively 201 consecutive operations for malrotation over 5 years to anatomically classify, and describe results of operation for, atypical malrotation. The ligament of Treitz (LOT) was classified as high if left of midline and above the 12th thoracic vertebra, low if left of midline and below the 12th thoracic vertebra, and typical if absent or right of midline. Results: A total of 201 patients underwent operation for malrotation, in 176 there were adequate radiologic studies to allow classification of the LOT. Typical malrotation was present in 75 patients, low LOT in 56, and a high LOT in 45. Volvulus was more common in the Typical group compared with the other 2 groups (12 of 75 v 1 of 56 low; 1 of 45 high; P v 6 of 56 low, 1 of 45 high; P P =.10). Low and high LOT patients had 13% and 11% incidence of persistent symptoms postoperatively versus 0% of typical patients. Conclusion: Atypical malrotation patients are at significantly lower risk of volvulus and internal hernia compared with typical malrotation patients, and operation appears to come with increased morbidity. J Pediatr Surg 37:1169-1172. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
HINT List Equivalency Using Older Listeners

HINT list equivalency was examined using 24 listeners between 60 and 70 years old who had sensorineural hearing impairment. A Greco-Latin square design was used to ensure that each list was present...
Jeanine Thweatt-Bates. Cyborg Selves: A Theological Anthropology of the Posthuman

Jeanine Thewatt-Bates Cyborg Selves: A Theological Anthropology of the Posthuman (Ashgate Science and Religion Series): Farnham, England; Burlington, VT:Ashgate, 2012. 212pp. $89.95 ISBN 978-1-4094...
Hypoxic Induction of Endoglin via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Mouse Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Background and Purpose— Endoglin (CD105) is a membrane glycoprotein that is mutated in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Rendu-Weber disease) and shows increased expression in proliferating endothelial cells during angiogenesis. Methods— We investigated the effect of hypoxia on endoglin expression in murine cerebral microvascular endothelial (bEND.3) cells in vitro and the possible involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Results— Hypoxia increased endoglin mRNA and protein expression in bEND.3 cells, which was associated with phosphoactivation of extracellular signal–related kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK, and Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). Inhibitors of p38 decreased hypoxic induction of endoglin expression, as did dominant negative MAPK kinase 3 (MKK3), which activates p38. In contrast, constitutively active MKK3 or JNK1 potentiated the hypoxic induction of endoglin. Conclusions— These results indicate that hypoxia induces the expression of endoglin at both the mRNA and pro...
Unity and Diversity in Luther's Biblical Exegesis: Psalm 51 As a Test-Case

Most of the standard treatments of Martin Luther's biblical exegesis move deductively: general propositions are enunciated (e.g., Holy Scripture as its own interpreter; all correct interpretation standing under the rule of the analogy of faith, construed Christocentrically) and are then supported with extracts from the Weimar Ausgabe or Luther's Works. Genuinely instructive as such a procedure can be, its total effect is often a rather ‘flat’ or undifferentiated presentation of Luther's biblical interpretation throughout his career. Perhaps some of the dimensions of the subject — the unity and diversity, the constancy and development — would become clearer were we to adopt a more inductive procedure: to examine, compare, and contrast three different specimens of Luther's exegesis of a single text.
Fractional Fourier Transform for Ultrasonic Chirplet Signal Decomposition

A fractional fourier transform (FrFT) based chirplet signal decomposition (FrFT-CSD) algorithm is proposed to analyze ultrasonic signals for NDE applications. Particularly, this method is utilized to isolate dominant chirplet echoes for successive steps in signal decomposition and parameter estimation. FrFT rotates the signal with an optimal transform order. The search of optimal transform order is conducted by determining the highest kurtosis value of the signal in the transformed domain. A simulation study reveals the relationship among the kurtosis, the transform order of FrFT, and the chirp rate parameter in the simulated ultrasonic echoes. Benchmark and ultrasonic experimental data are used to evaluate the FrFT-CSD algorithm. Signal processing results show that FrFT-CSD not only reconstructs signal successfully, but also characterizes echoes and estimates echo parameters accurately. This study has a broad range of applications of importance in signal detection, estimation, and pattern recognition.
Acid and alkaline diuresis. When are they of value in the treatment of poisoning

The utility of both acid and alkaline diuresis has been brought into question because of the ability to increase the elimination rate of many toxins by less care-intensive methods such as repeated-dose charcoal. Alkaline diuresis is a technique which uses a common drug, but acid diuresis is not a technique known to most physicians. The former is currently the best therapy for quinine poisoning. Phencyclidine elimination is increased by 10%, but most patients recover with only supportive care. Acidification has been effective in some hands; data suggest that renal elimination is not the only mechanism of action of this therapy. In deeply comatose patients with hypotension, acidification should be considered.