cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postpartum venous thromboembolism readmissions in the United States.

Background There are limited data on when postpartum readmissions for thromboembolism occur after delivery hospitalizations on a population basis in the United States. Objective We sought to characterize risk factors for and timing of postpartum venous thromboembolism readmission after delivery hospitalization discharge. Study Design The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Readmissions Database for calendar years 2013 and 2014 was used to perform a retrospective cohort study evaluating risk for readmission for venous thromboembolism within 60 days of discharge from a delivery hospitalization. Risks for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were individually assessed. Obstetric, medical, demographic, and hospital factors associated with postpartum readmission for venous thromboembolism were analyzed. Risk was characterized as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Both unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed. Adjusted analyses included relevant obstetric, medical, demographic, and hospital factors within logistic regression models. Results From Jan. 1 through Oct. 31 in 2013 and 2014, 6,269,641 delivery hospitalizations were included in the analysis. In all, 2975 cases of readmission for any venous thromboembolism were identified (4.7 per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations) including 1170 cases of deep vein thrombosis and 1805 cases of pulmonary embolism. In all, 69.6% of readmissions for any venous thromboembolism occurred within the first 20 days of discharge vs 22.3% and 8.0% at 21–40 and 41–60 days after discharge. Median times to readmission were 12.7, 14.0, and 11.7 days for venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism, respectively. Women readmitted for any venous thromboembolism were more likely to have a history of venous thromboembolism (4.2% vs 0.3%, P 3 days for vaginal delivery and >4 days for cesarean (18.0% vs 6.6%, P Conclusion While the majority of events occurred within 20 days of discharge, risk factors other than thrombophilia and prior venous thromboembolism were generally associated with modestly increased odds of events, and only a small proportion of readmissions occurred among women with thrombophilia and prior events. Our data demonstrate both the challenging nature and urgent need for further research to determine which clinical practices and interventions may reduce risk for venous thromboembolism readmissions on a population basis.
Sintering-Induced Nucleation and Growth of Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Resonance Ceramic Color

This study demonstrates the formation of nanoparticles (NPs) from metal salts within ceramic glazes, such that the use of this colorant technology is more accessible to artisans, employs less metal content, is less environmentally harmful, and allows for the use of traditional kilns. Gold NPs have been demonstrated to possess a specific, low material loading use as a ceramic glaze colorant via plasmon resonance. Pre-synthesized gold NPs that are added to ceramic glazes have been found to significantly change in size after firing in both reductive and oxidative atmospheres, but still maintain some size relationships and color properties. Unfortunately, it is not viable for the art community to fabricate and employ gold NP systems with high precision in a studio setting; however, the use of noble metal salts or metal oxides are realistic. To that end, this work investigates spontaneous gold and silver NP synthesis by the firing-induced development of NPs from metallic salts included within the glaze materials. Glaze samples with gold and silver salts are fired in reductive and oxidative environments, yielding a range of surface plasmon coloring effects for ceramic coloring. Additionally, the use of gold NP waste (precipitated Au NPs waste) was added to wet ceramic glazes to investigate firing effects on NPs precipitate and potential use as an alternative colorant. Sintering-induced NP nucleation and growth was observed after firing in both oxidation and reduction environments, although to differing degrees. The direct noble metal salt application process eliminates the need for preliminary gold NP synthesis, thus allowing for more practical and environmentally friendly methods in creating plasmonic resonance ceramic coloring, potentially reflective of the processes employed in ancient nanoparticle glasses.
In pursuit of community engagement: Unpacking the knowledge and skills associated with service-learning efforts:

The study described in this article highlights the complexity of service-learning efforts and community engagement pursuits. It is based on 6.5 months of qualitative fieldwork in International Bacc...
The Test of Standard Written English: Another Look.

English 1 grades, Scholastic Aptitude Test scores, and fall semester grade point averages for 149 students were analyzed to determine relationships among these variables, with particular attention to the experimental Test of Standard Written English now being reported by the College Entrance Examination Board. SAT verbal and verbal subscores of reading and vocabulary were found to have a stronger relationship to English 1 course grades than was true for the TSWE. The meaning and utility of the TSWE remains unclear for this sample.
Abstract WMP58: The Smoker’s Paradox After Acute Ischemic Stroke, is it Real or a Cloud of Smoke?

Background: Although tobacco use, the majority of which is cigarette smoking, increases the risk of incident stroke, there are inconsistent data regarding the effect of tobacco use on neurological ...
Spatial odor discrimination in hawkmoth, Manduca sexta (L.).

Flying insects track turbulent odor plumes to find mates, food and egg-laying sites. To maintain contact with the plume, insects are thought to adapt their flight control according to the distribution of odor in the plume using the timing of odor onsets and intervals between odor encounters. Although timing cues are important, few studies have addressed whether insects are capable of deriving spatial information about odor distribution from bilateral comparisons between their antennae in flight. The proboscis extension reflex (PER) associative learning protocol, originally developed to study odor learning in honeybees, was modified to show hawkmoths, Manduca sexta, can discriminate between odor stimuli arriving on either antenna. We show moths discriminated the odor arrival side with an accuracy of >70%. The information about spatial distribution of odor stimuli is thus available to moths searching for odor sources, opening the possibility that they use both spatial and temporal odor information.
The tail of cryptochromes: an intrinsically disordered cog within the mammalian circadian clock

Cryptochrome (CRY) proteins play an essential role in regulating mammalian circadian rhythms. CRY is composed of a structured N-terminal domain known as the photolyase homology region (PHR), which is tethered to an intrinsically disordered C-terminal tail. The PHR domain is a critical hub for binding other circadian clock components such as CLOCK, BMAL1, PERIOD, or the ubiquitin ligases FBXL3 and FBXL21. While the isolated PHR domain is necessary and sufficient to generate circadian rhythms, removing or modifying the cryptochrome tails modulates the amplitude and/or periodicity of circadian rhythms, suggesting that they play important regulatory roles in the molecular circadian clock. In this commentary, we will discuss how recent studies of these intrinsically disordered tails are helping to establish a general and evolutionarily conserved model for CRY function, where the function of PHR domains is modulated by reversible interactions with their intrinsically disordered tails. Video abstract.
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor: a case series spanning 25 years and review of the literature.

Objective The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare benign neoplasm that makes up less than 1% of all odontogenic tumors. This study aims to describe a case series of CEOT spanning 25 years and to review and compare our results with the existing literature. Study Design With institutional review board approval, all CEOT archival cases from the University of Florida Oral Pathology Biopsy Service between 1994 and 2019 were retrieved. A total of 20 cases were included. Based on current criteria, 2 cases that stained positively for CD1 a were excluded, because these most likely represented the amyloid-rich variant of central odontogenic fibroma. Results Average patient age was 40 years. Females and males were affected equally (n = 10). The mandible was more commonly involved (60%, n = 12) than the maxilla (40%, n = 8). CEOT variants included incipient CEOT (10%, n = 2) and peripheral CEOT (10%, n = 2). One case exhibited features of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in addition to CEOT. Congo red staining for amyloid was performed in 13 cases, all of which were positive. Conclusion Our results align with the literature. Awareness of the different variants of CEOT and of the separate but similar-appearing amyloid-rich variant of central odontogenic fibroma will help to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Predicting Recurrent Care Seeking of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions.

Objective Musculoskeletal pain conditions are a leading cause of pain and disability internationally and a common reason to seek health care. Accurate prediction of recurrence of health care seeking due to musculoskeletal conditions could allow for better tailoring of treatment. The aim of this project was to characterize patterns of recurrent physical therapy seeking for musculoskeletal pain conditions and to develop a preliminary prediction model to identify those at increased risk of recurrent care seeking. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Ambulatory care. Subjects Patients (n = 578,461) seeking outpatient physical therapy (United States). Methods Potential predictor variables were extracted from the electronic medical record, and patients were placed into three different recurrent care categories. Logistic regression models were used to identify individual predictors of recurrent care seeking, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to develop multivariate prediction models. Results The accuracy of models for different definitions of recurrent care ranged from 0.59 to 0.64 (c-statistic), and individual predictors were identified from multivariate models. Predictors of increased risk of recurrent care included receiving workers' compensation and Medicare insurance, having comorbid arthritis, being postoperative at the time of the first episode, age range of 44-64 years, and reporting night sweats or night pain. Predictors of decreased risk of recurrent care included lumbar pain, chronic injury, neck pain, pregnancy, age range of 25-44 years, and smoking. Conclusion This analysis identified a preliminary predictive model for recurrence of care seeking of physical therapy, but model accuracy needs to improve to better guide clinical decision-making.
Relationship of Vitamin D Deficiency and Fatty Liver in Children as Defined by Multiple Imaging and Histologic Endpoints.

Objectives The relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains uncertain due to conflicting results and few studies with histologic endpoints. We therefore used multiple imaging and histologic NAFLD endpoints to more comprehensively assess the association between VDD and NAFLD in a large pediatric population. Methods Data were obtained from an ongoing pediatric NAFLD study in Bronx, NY. Briefly, overweight and obese children aged 2-18 years with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels ≥ 35 U/L were serially enrolled. Liver biopsy was obtained in accordance with clinical guidelines. All participants had liver imaging, namely, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP; Echosens, France) to assess steatosis and, to assess fibrosis, vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE; FibroScan™, Echosens, France) and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI; Philips, Netherlands) imaging. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured serologically. Results N=276 (88%) of 315 participants had 25-OH vitamin D results, of whom 241 (87%) were Hispanic, 199 (72%) were male, and 92 (33%) underwent liver biopsy. VDD was univariately associated with high waist circumference (p=0.004), high-density lipoprotein level (p=0.01), season (p=0.009), and CAP score (p=0.01). In multivariate analysis, only waist circumference (p=0.0002) and biopsy inflammation grade (p=0.03) were associated with VDD, though the latter had not approximated statistical significance in univariate analysis (p=0.56). There was no association between VDD and hepatic steatosis, ballooning, NAFLD Activity Score, ARFI or VCTE elasticity scores. Conclusions VDD was not associated with NAFLD defined by imaging and histologic endpoints, except for a possible relation with histologic inflammation grade.
Cultivating Cotton in the Red Earth of Kampong Cham: Self-Sufficiency, Alternative Modernities and Wartime Refugees in Cold War Cambodia, 1955–1970

This article argues that Cambodia’s postcolonial cotton ‘push’ was integral to its ultra nationalist vision of modernity and how Cambodia sought to survive within an increasingly acerbic Cold War l...
The Influence of Rheological Properties of Test Fluids on the Flow Pattern Inside the Artificial Ventricle (Type Rostock) and in the Aortic Outflow Tract

The investigation of the flow pattern inside artificial ventricles and downstream of heart valve prostheses gives indications to the hydrodynamic optimization of such systems. The turbulent and laminar shear stresses within show strong local variations. The degree of damage of the blood components and the wall epithel depend on the value and duration of stresses.
Host Response to Orthopedic Implants (Metals and Plastics)

Biomaterials are commonly used in orthopedic surgery. The host’s response to an orthopedic biomaterial encompasses the reaction to local tissue trauma, as well as the reaction to the implant itself. The acute inflammatory response to the implantation procedure involves the innate immune system, including recognition of remnants of disrupted extracellular matrix components and cellular elements by pattern recognition receptors on macrophages and other cells. The initial response stimulates a cascade of events leading to tissue reconstitution, fibrosis, or persisting chronic inflammation. The implant characteristics as well as any by-products from the implant also determine the host reaction. Precise surgical technique of implantation as well as the genotype and phenotype of the host are important determinants of implant performance. Whereas the innate immune system is always triggered with implantation of an orthopedic device, in some cases, such as with metal debris, the adaptive immune response can be activated.
Modification chimique de polyalcadiènes par les composés du type CX3POZ2—II: Modification des polybutadiènes-1,2 par le dichlorure de trichlorométhyl-phosphonyle catalysée par le dichlorure de tris(triphénylphosphine)ruthénium II

Resume L'influence de la catalyse par le dichlorure de tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium II, Cl2Ru(PPh3)3 (I), sur la modification chimique des polybutadienes-1,2 ( M n ) par le dichlorure de trichloromethylphosphonyle, CCl3POCl2 (II), est etudiee. L'efficacite superieure de (I) par rapport aux systemes redox (CuCl2/Et3NHCl, FeCl3/Et3NHCl/benzoine) egalement catalyseurs de l'addition de (II) sur les insaturations est mise en evidence: les polymeres modifies en presence de ce catalyseur presentent une meilleure solubilite dans les solvants usuels, ils ont des taux de modification plus eleves et les reactions secondaires d'elimination d'HCl sont moins abondantes. L'influence des parametres suivants: temperature de reaction, nature et concentration en solvant, concentrations en catalyseur et reactif, duree de reaction, atmosphere environnante, sur la reaction catalysee par (I) est determinee.
Puzzling Observations in Chinese Law: When Is a Riddle Just a Mistake?

Understanding the Chinese legal system is not simple because it is (probably) very different from a Western one. The understanding of the Chinese legal system that results from any study will depend crucially on the selection of a paradigm with which to define what counts as an observation and against which to measure and assess the observations, either descriptively or normatively. This is not to say that the selection of a paradigm will make the difference between understanding and not understanding. It will, however, make a difference between understanding in one way and understanding in another way. Whether one of those ways is better than another depends on how still more methodological issues are settled: the purpose that is to be served by the understanding that is sought, and whether that purpose is itself a valuable one.This paper explores the ways in which the Chinese legal system can be understood through the use, conscious or not, of different models, and in particular the phenomenon of what appear to be mistakes and aberrations in the system when we apply those models. I offer a particular way of modeling the Chinese legal system, and show how this way of modeling produces observations that can be explained only as errors or aberrations. I will then show how other ways of modeling would explain these observations as normal and expected phenomena. Finally, I will discuss the challenge these multiple ways of modeling pose to the analyst. A model that explains an observation as normal is not necessarily superior to a model that can only explain it as an error or an aberration: mistakes and aberrations do happen. Yet surely it is also intellectually satisfying to have a model of a set of phenomena that provides a plausible account of almost all of them.
A Statute in Particularly Serious Need of Reinterpretation: The Particularly Serious Crime Exception to Withholding of Removal

Withholding of removal provides that a deportable alien may avoid removal if she can show that it is more likely than not that her life or freedom will be threatened if she is removed to a particular country. Aliens are not eligible for withholding of removal, however, if they are found to have been convicted of a particularly serious crime as defined by 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(B)(ii). Although Congress provided a per se definition of a particularly serious crime in the statute, the majority of U.S. courts of appeals have held that immigration judges can also declare crimes that do not fit this statutory definition to be particularly serious. This Note argues that the majority interpretation is incorrect and that the minority interpretation, which only allow crimes that fit the statutory definition to be declared particularly serious, is correct. This Note additionally argues that a further finding that an alien poses an ongoing danger to the community should be required before an alien is denied with-
Internal world models and supervised learning

Internal models of the environment have an important role to play in adaptive systems in general and are of particular importance for the supervised learning paradigm. In this paper we demonstrate that certain classical problems associated with the notion of the “teacher― in supervised learning can be solved by judicious use of learned internal models as components of the adaptive system. In particular, we show how supervised learning algorithms can be utilized in cases in which an unknown dynamical system intervenes between actions and desired outcomes.
Arithmetic Constant-Depth Circuit Complexity Classes

The boolean circuit complexity classes AC 0 ⊆ AC 0[m] ⊆ TC 0 ⊆ NC 1 have been studied intensely. Other than NC 1, they are defined by constant-depth circuits of polynomial size and unbounded fan-in over some set of allowed gates. One reason for interest in these classes is that they contain the boundary marking the limits of current lower bound technology: such technology exists for AC 0 and some of the classes AC 0[m], while the other classes AC 0[m] as well as TC 0 lack such technology.
A coupled lattice-boltzmann - navier-stokes methodology for drag reduction

Helicopter performance is greatly influenced by its drag. Pylons, fuselage, landing gear, and especially the rotor hub of a helicopter experience large separated flow regions, even under steady level flight conditions the vehicle has been designed for, contributing to the helicopter drag. Several passive and active flow control concepts have been studied for reducing helicopter drag. While passive flow control methods reduce drag, they do so at one optimized design condition. Therefore, passive drag reduction methods may not work for helicopters that operate under widely varying flight conditions. Active flow control (AFC) methods overcome this disadvantage and consequently are widely being pursued. The present investigator has studied some of these AFC methods using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques and has found synthetic (or pulsed) jets as one of the more effective drag reduction devices. Two bluff bodies, representative of helicopter components, have been studied and the mechanism behind drag reduction has been analyzed. It was found that the increase in momentum due to the jet, and a resultant reduction in the separated flow region, is the main reason for drag reduction in these configurations. In comparison with steady jets, synthetic jets were found to use less power for a greater drag reduction. The flow inside these synthetic jet devices is incompressible. It is computationally inefficient to use compressible flow solvers in incompressible regions. In such regions, using Lattice Boltzmann equations (LBE) is more suitable compared to solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The length scales close to the synthetic jet devices are very small. LBE may be used to better resolve these small length scale regions. However, using LBE throughout the whole domain would be computationally expensive since the grid spacing in the LBE solver has to be of the order of the mean free path. To address this need, a coupled Lattice Boltzmann-Navier-Stokes (LB-NS) methodology has been developed. The LBE solver has been successfully validated in a standalone manner for several benchmark cases. The solver has also been shown to be of second order accuracy. This LBE solver has been subsequently coupled with an existing Navier-Stokes (NS) solver. Validation of the coupled methodology has been done for analytical problems with known closed form solution. This LB-NS methodology is further used to simulate the flow past a cylinder where synthetic jet devices have been used to reduce drag. The LBE solver is used in the cavity of the synthetic jet nozzle while the NS solver is employed in the rest of the domain. The cylinder configuration was chosen to demonstrate drag reduction on helicopter hub shape geometries. Significant drag reduction is observed when synthetic jets are used, compared to the baseline no flow control case.
The Equitable Dimension of Contract

Contract theory has long been preoccupied with the common law. Contracts is taught in the first year of law school along with the other “common law subjects.” The rise of the modern view of contracts as involving mutually dependent undertakings—as opposed to the earlier independent covenants model—was carried out by the common law courts. Contracts are usually enforced with damages, the classic common law remedy. From proto-realists like Holmes, through the realists and their successors in law and economics, theorists have emphasized the law and downplayed the special role of equity, as developed over the centuries by Chancery and building on a tradition of thought going back at least to Aristotle. Equity is treated either with disdain as useless moralizing or with impatience as a mere proto-version of freewheeling contextualized inquiry that the law courts should be engaging in without artificial constraints of a separate “equity.” Whether they have been antimoralists, formalists, realists, or consequentialists, commentators have been quite unified in their preference for contract law over equity. This orientation to the common law, narrowly conceived, is even true of Charles Fried’s landmark book Contract as Promise, which did much to bring a moral approach to contracts back into the spotlight. In this Essay I will argue that Fried conceded too much to the conventional exclusive focus on the common law, but that once we recapture an older tradition of equity, the central role of morality in contracts comes more clearly into view. Equity is the missing dimension from contract theory. This older tradition uses equity as a structured safety valve to deal with the opportunism arising from the simple structures of the common law. At the same time, equity as a safety valve can be justified on both deontological and consequentialist approaches to contract law. Thus, the Kantian and utilitarian views of contract can converge at the descriptive level. If so, then the disagreement between promise theorists like Fried and legal economists is a
Therapy of Metastatic Bone Pain

Bone metastasis is a common sequella of solid malignant tumors such as prostate, breast, lung, and renal cancers, which can lead to various complications, including fractures, hypercalcemia, and bone pain, as well as reduced performance status and quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach is usually required not only to address the etiology of the pain and its complicating factors but also to treat the patient appropriately. Currently, the treatment of bone pain remains palliative at best with systemic therapy (analgesics, hormones, chemotherapy, steroids, and bisphosphonates) as well as local treatments (such as surgery, nerve blocks, and external beam radiation). However, many of these treatments are limited in their efficacy or duration and have significant side effects that seriously limit the cancer patient's quality of life. Various radiopharmaceuticals have shown good efficacy in relieving bone pain secondary to bone metastasis. This systemic form of metabolic radiotherapy is simple to administer and complements other treatment options. This has been associated with improved mobility in many patients, reduced dependence on narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics, improved performance status and quality of life, and, in some studies, improved survival. Additional radiopharmaceuticals are under investigation and appear promising. All of these agents, although comprising different physical and chemical characteristics, offer certain advantages in that they are simple to administer, are well tolerated by the patient if used appropriately, and can be used alone or in combination with the other forms of treatment.
High-dose isotretinoin in acne vulgaris: improved treatment outcomes and quality of life.

Background Isotretinoin, for acne treatment, is associated with high rates of permanent remission. However, at recommended doses of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg/day for 5-6 months [average cumulative dose: 120-150 mg/kg], more than 20% of patients experience a relapse within two years that requires further medical management. Objective To examine outcomes of high-dose isotretinoin in a cohort with cystic acne, as well as measuring its impact on quality of life (QOL). Methods A single dermatologist, single institution investigation within an academic tertiary care center in Bronx, NY. Eighty patients with nodulocystic acne, maintained on oral isotretinoin at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg/day or greater, were studied from 2006-2009 while additionally participating in a QOL survey. Main outcome measures included documented events, acne clearance, presence of relapse, and quality of life parameters. Results The mean daily dose of isotretinoin was 1.6 mg/kg/day for an average time course of 178 days [cumulative dose: 290 mg/kg]. No side effects or laboratory abnormalities led to discontinuation of treatment. There were no psychiatric symptoms. One-hundred percent (100%) of patients were disease-free upon completion of treatment. During the three-year study period, 10 patients (12.5%) developed a relapse that required an additional course of isotretinoin. Analysis of QOL domains (self-perception, role-social, symptoms) revealed significant improvement following isotretinoin therapy (p = 0.0124, p = 0.0066, p = 0.0265, respectively). Conclusions Isotretinoin prescribed at 1.5 mg/kg/day or greater for 5-6 months [cumulative total dose of 290 mg/kg] is safe and effective compared to current standard dosing practices. We propose the use of high-dose isotretinoin (>1.3 mg/kg/day) as a treatment option in severe nodulocystic acne and encourage larger, prospective, multicenter studies into this therapeutic approach.
Wave diffraction due to areas of energy dissipation

A parabolic model for calculating the combined refraction/diffraction of monochromatic linear waves is developed, including a term which allows for the dissipation of wave energy. The coefficient of the dissipation term is related to a number of dissipative models. Wave calculations are performed for a localized area of dissipation, based on a friction model for a spatial distribution of rigid vertical cylinders. The region of localized dissipation creates a shadow region of low wave energy, which may have important implications for the response of neighboring shore lines.
Pyrolysis of acetylene‐vinylacetylene mixtures between 400 and 500°C

Acetylene and vinylacetylene mixtures were pyrolyzed at 400-500°C in the absence and presence of O2 or NO. The major product of the interaction between C2H2 and C4H4 is polymer, but benzene is also produced. Both the C2H2 removal and C6H6 formation rates arefirst-order in C2H2 and C4H4. The rate coefficients are where R is the ideal gas constant in kJ/mol-K. Benzene formation occurs by two processes: a concerted molecular mechanism (≃60%) and a singlet diradical mechanism (≃40%).
Measurement of the vibrational dependence of the coriolis splitting parameter in CDF3 by infrared double-resonance spectroscopy

Abstract Infrared double-resonance spectroscopy has been used to observe the ν 2 + ν 5 − ν 5 band in CDF 3 . Spectroscopic constants for the ν 2 + ν 5 level are obtained. The absolute value of the dependence of the first-order Coriolis splitting parameter is obtained from splittings of high-K lines in each sub-band. In addition, evidence for “giant-l-type” doubling is seen.
Reducing the Energy Consumption of Mobile Applications Behind the Scenes

As energy efficiency has become a key consideration in the engineering of mobile applications, an increasing number of perfective maintenance tasks are concerned with optimizing energy consumption. However, optimizing a mobile application to reduce its energy consumption is non-trivial due to the highly volatile nature of mobile execution environments. Mobile applications commonly run on a variety of mobile devices over mobile networks with divergent characteristics. Therefore, no single, static energy consumption optimization is likely to yield across-the-board benefits, and may even turn to be detrimental in some scenarios. In this paper, we present a novel approach to perfective maintenance of mobile applications to reduce their energy consumption. The maintenance programmer declaratively specifies the suspected energy consumption hotspots in a mobile application. Based on this input, our approach then automatically transforms the application to enable it to offload parts of its functionality to the cloud. The offloading is highly adaptive, being driven by a runtime system that dynamically determines both the state-to-offload and its transfer mechanism based on the execution environment in place. In addition, the runtime system continuously improves its effectiveness due to a feedback-loop mechanism. Thus, our approach flexibly reduces the energy consumption of mobile applications behind the scenes. Applying our approach to third- party Android applications has shown that it can effectively reduce the overall amount of energy consumed by these applications, with the actual numbers ranging between 25% and 50%. These results indicate that our approach represents a promising direction in developing pragmatic and systematic tools for the perfective maintenance of mobile applications.
Promoter analysis of the mouse Peg3 gene

Abstract Mouse Peg3 is a paternally expressed gene. Study of methylation of the Peg3 gene in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells suggested that monoallelic methylation of CpG dinucleotides is not only present in the promoter region, but also in the first exon and the first intron. Promoter activity analysis demonstrated that the minimal promoter of the Peg3 gene is located in the region between − 827 and + 712 and the critical region for promoter activity is between + 423 and + 712. We further identified the roles of the cis -elements, conserved sequence element (CSE) and YY1-binding sites, in the regulation of Peg3 expression and found that CSE is involved in the inhibition of Peg3 expression, while YY1-binding sites serve as activating cis -elements to antagonize CSE-mediated inhibition.
A generalization of Liapunov's inequality

for any constant y > 1, where k, is best possible and is independent of p(t) and a. This was proved in [7]. In this paper, we obtain the optimizing coefficient functions p(t) and the corresponding solutions x(t) and constants k, for the special cases y = 2, 3 and 312. This can be interpreted in several ways. We can consider this as a control problem with the control variable p(t) taking a solution x(t) initially at the origin in the (t, x)-plane to the point (a, 0) while minimizing J”: ] p(t)lY dt. We can also interpret this in terms of disconjugacy. Thus, in [0, a], the equation x” + p(t) x = 0 is disconjugate if, for some y > 1, p(t) is sufficiently “small” in terms of its norm as given by the integral in (3); i.e., we have disconjugacy in [0, a] if there is a y > 1 such that (3) is violated. 585 0022.247)3/84 $3.00
Role of Nitric Oxide in Cardiovascular Responses to Endotoxemia in Neonatal Lambs

To determine whether systemic cardiovascular responses to gram-negative endotoxemia are mediated by nitric oxide, we evaluated time-dependent changes in contractility and hemodynamics in a neonatal sheep model subjected to nitric oxide synthesis inhibition with L-Name (Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). Four groups were studied: control (C), endotoxin (E), endotoxin L-Name where the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor was given prior to endotoxin (ELN), and a control L-Name group pretreated with L-Name (CLN). The contractility, measured as end-systolic elastance (Ees), increased transiently in the E group and then returned to baseline. In contrast, Ees declined over time in the ELN group. In terms of peripheral hemodynamics, both the E and ELN groups demonstrated significant progressive decreases in blood pressure and vascular resistance. The results of this study suggest that nitric oxide contributes to the newborn contractile response of the heart to endotoxin, but does not appear to mediate the systemic vascular relaxation response.
The Role of Paraprofessionals in Providing Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Low-Resource Communities

ANY SURVIVORS OF HUMAN CONFLICT WITNESS OR experience atrocities that leave them forever changed.Epidemiologicalstudiesrevealthatpsychiatric morbidity associated with mass violence in civilian and refugee populations is increased when compared with nontraumatized communities. In particular, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or symptoms of PTSD havebeenreportedinapproximatelyone-thirdofsuchpopulations 1 and it has been associated with significant impairmentinsocio-occupationalfunctioning.Providingevidencebased psychotherapy for large clusters of individuals with posttraumatic stress is an ongoing public health challenge. In the 1980s, Latin American researchers devised a PTSD treatment for survivors of state-sponsored violence. Testimony therapy, as it came to be known, requires autobiographical narrative as a key component 2 and also incorporates a social element into the therapeutic encounter. Based on theories that consider collective traumatization to be as significant as individual traumatization, testimony therapy aims to move the trauma narrative outside individual psychopathology and to reframe the experience in a social and historical context. 3,4
Pneumonia in the Critically III Hospitalized Patient

1990;97;170-181 Chest M S Niederman, D E Craven, A M Fein and D E Schultz Pneumonia in the critically ill hospitalized patient. http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/97/1/170.citation can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services ) ISSN:0012-3692 http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. reserved. No part of this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed Chest Physicians, 3300 Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights of been published monthly since 1935. Copyright1990by the American College is the official journal of the American College of Chest Physicians. It has Chest
The adsorption of proteins to gas-liquid interfaces

Abstract A kinetic model of protein adsorption to gas-liquid interfaces is described. The model is based on a formalism similar to that used to describe adsorption at gas-solid interfaces, but with proteins we allow for both tight adsorption of a first layer and loose packing of a second layer of proteins. The model is fit to the adsorption isotherm data of Graham and Phillips for the three proteins: β-casein, bovine serum albumin, and lysozyme. We also fit the model to adsorption rate data for the two proteins lysozyme and β-casein. The experimental adsorption rates are considerably faster than those for molecular diffusion alone. The rate of mass transfer of protein to the interface was accordingly modeled by an effective mass-transfer coefficient. The ratio of the mass-transfer coefficients for two different proteins can be predicted by the free-convection correlation of Globe and Dropkin, suggesting that small temperature gradients may have existed in the vessel during the measurements. Finally, we have predicted desorption rates for exchange experiments in which fresh solution replaces bulk protein solution after equilibrium adsorption has been reached. Depending on the residence time of the bulk fluid in the reservoir, our results indicate desorption can be very difficult to measure, particularly at low surface concentrations and even if equilibrium is assumed between the interface and the solution just below the surface. Thus, there appears to be no need to postulate irreversible adsorption of protein to account for the available experimental data on protein adsorption and desorption.
Polymer Micelles from Poly(acrylic acid)-graft-polystyrene

Micelles have been prepared from poly(acrylic acid)-graft-polystyrene by direct injection of a dioxane solution of the polymer into water containing various concentrations of NaCl. The size of the ...
α-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonism Prevents Intestinal Vasoconstriction but Not Hypoperfusion Following Resuscitated Hemorrhage

Resuscitation (RES) after hemorrhage (HEM) results in persistent arteriolar constriction and hypoperfusion of the small intestine (SI) despite restoration of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) to normal values. We postulated that increased adrenergic activity contributes to this vasoconstriction and impairment of flow. A loop of SI from decerebrate rats was exteriorized and suffused with Krebs' solution (37 degrees C, pH 7.4). In initial experiments, the effectiveness of alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonism by phentolamine (PHEN) was assessed. Subsequent groups received either topical PHEN (10(-6) M, n = 6) or saline (n = 6) in the suffusion and were then bled to 50% baseline (BL) MAP for 60 min and resuscitated to BL with shed blood/lactated Ringer's. Intravital microscopy and optical Doppler velocimetry were used to measure large (A1) and small, premucosal (A3) arteriolar diameters and RBC velocity; microvascular blood flow was calculated. MAP and transpulmonary CO were measured. During HEM, control animals developed A1 constriction and hypoperfusion with A3 arteriolar dilation. PHEN treatment prevented A1 constriction and enhanced A3 dilation but did not improve flow. Immediately after RES in controls, microvascular diameters and A1 flow returned to BL; however, over the 2-hr post-RES period there was progressive A1 and A3 vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion despite maintenance of BL MAP and CO. After RES in PHEN-treated animals, A1 flow returned to BL, but progressive hypoperfusion was only partially prevented. alpha-Adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction contributes to intestinal hypoperfusion after HEM, but other mechanisms are also involved in microvascular responses during RES.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Peter Burke. Languages and Communities in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004

What is the relationship between language and community in early modern Europe? How is language ‘discovered’ during this time and what are the tensions and changes in community wrought with and by this discovery? These are the questions that Peter Burke's Languages and Communities in Early Modern Europe asks as he brings much needed attention to the distinctive role of language in both expressing and constituting community and vice versa in the early modern period. Burke's work is structured around five thematic trends embedded in a historical framework: (1) the continued importance of Latin, (2) vernaculars competing for dominance in newly available domains, (3) standardization before ‘language policy,’ (4) the centripetal force of language mixing, and (5) the centrifugal force of language purism. All of these prefigured the new link between language and nation that developed from the French Revolution onwards. By engaging with the multiple and inter-animated languages and communities of Europe during this time, Burke provides a counterpoint to national(ist) histories, which create a simplified picture of the organic growth of a single language and claim an isomorphic relationship with community as (proto-)nation. Burke focuses on the standardization of vernaculars in tension with increased codification of Latin and a new linguistic purism reacting to an increase in and even celebration of language mixing, and thereby resists subordinating complexity to a historical narrative.
Single-step purification of bacterially expressed polypeptides containing an oligo-histidine domain

Plasmid expression vectors have been constructed that direct the synthesis in Escherichia coli of fusion proteins containing a stretch of six histidine residues at either the N or C terminus. This oligo-histidine domain allows the single-step purification of the fusion proteins, under nondenaturing conditions, by immobilized metal affinity chromatography on Ni2+ bound to iminodiacetic acid-agarose. Several eukaryotic transcription factors (e.g., the upstream stimulatory factor for the adenovirus major late promoter) have been successfully purified, in an active state, by this method.
Scaling Primary and Compensatory Restoration of Endangered Species

ABSTRACT As a result of oil spills endangered species may be killed. This paper discusses issues associated with scaling restoration projects that would compensate for mortality of an endangered species due to an oil spill. We illustrate our concerns using hypothetical data and a simple stochastic population dynamics model meant to (roughly) approximate Marbeled Murrelets (a federally-listed west- coast seabird) killed as result of a spill. The paper discusses the implications of possible outcomes with very long run implications (i.e. extinction), for which conservation biologists have generated various approaches for guiding management decisions in which discounting is not used. These are contrasted with the usual scaling approach, Resource Equivalency Analysis, which uses (expected) discounted bird years (EDBYs).
A short‐form scale to measure liberal vs. conservative orientations toward human sexual expression

Abstract This paper presents a new, short‐form scale that was designed to measure the extent to which a person adheres to a liberal or a conservative orientation toward human sexual expression. It has a score range from 0 to 100, a reliability α = .94, a standard error of measurement of 4.20, and good construct, factorial, and concurrent validity. The paper presents the major research findings that serve as a basis for the partial validation of the scale.
The DNF15S2 locus at 3p21 is transcribed in normal lung and small cell lung cancer.

Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been associated with a deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3. One SCLC cell line, H748, has an interstitial deletion of chromosome 3p and shows allele loss for the DNF15S2 locus detected by the probe λH3. Conservation of DNF15S2 sequences in mouse indicated that this human genomic fragment may contain coding sequences. Screening of a normal lung cDNA library with chromosome 3-specific fragments of the λH3 probe resulted in the isolation of 18 positive clones. The cDNA clones detect an additional DNA polymorphism that is in linkage disequilibrium with the Hin dIII polymorphism of the DNF15S2 locus. Sequence analysis indicated that the DNF15S2 locus could potentially code for a previously unreported protein of 67 kDa which has 26 cysteine residues. DNF15S2 is part of the coding region of a 3.3-kb mRNA expressed in lung. Northern analysis indicated that this mRNA was not detectable in one of five SCLC lines. This SCLC line, H128, also lacks the enzyme aminoacylase 1.
Gender reassignment surgery and the gynecological patient

With the increasing number of open transsexuals in the population and the advances in reconstructive surgical techniques, gender reassignment surgery has been increasing since the 1960s. Secondary to the increase in patients undergoing gender reassignment surgery, the practicing gynecologist is more likely to encounter a transsexual patient. A 49-year-old, nulligravid, white female presented to the gynecology clinic for her annual gynecological exam. Her past surgical history was significant for male to female gender reassignment surgery in 1991. Her hormonal medications included levothyroxine and estrogen. She described a strong family history of breast cancer for which she was being followed in our institutional Breast Watch Clinic. On physical examination, findings were notable for surgically constructed female external genitalia and a neovagina. The rectal exam was normal and failed to demonstrate any prostate pathology. It is important for the experienced gynecologist to be familiar with transsexualism, the reconstructive surgery involved, the surgical complications, and gender identity support groups and clinics available to these patients. Transsexuals should be treated to the extent possible like other female gynecological patients, while care is taken not to overlook underlying or preexisting medical conditions, including conditions unique to the prior and new genders.
On the convexity of the portfolio choice set

Abstract This paper studies the convexity of the set of optimal portfolios in asset space. Recently Dybvig and Ross (1982) have shown by counter example that the optimal set is not always convex. In this letter I provide a necessary condition for convexity and discuss the problem from a geometric point of view.