cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction Effects on Radiative Transitions in Nuclei

Electromagnetic transition processes in nuclei are considered on the assumption that the influence of an external electromagnetic field on a nucleus can be incorporated into a guage invariant Schroedinger equation for the nucleons (phenomenological theory). From the results of the preceding paper it is concluded that equations for electric multipole transition probabilities have the usual form but that the $f$-sum rule is modified in a manner depending on the nuclear interactions. Explicit expressions for the generalization of the $f$-sum rule to all electric multipole orders are given for exchange and velocity dependent interactions. The magnetic multipole moments,and therefore the corresponding transition probabilities, depend markedly on the form of the interaction with the electromagnetic field. General formulas are given for all magnetic multipole moments of nuclei in which exchange forces and velocity dependent interactions play a role. In addition it is possible to incorporate into the theory the spin-antisymmetric addition to the magnetic dipole moment implied by the static moments of ${\mathrm{H}}^{3}$ and ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$.Detailed application is limited in this paper to magnetic dipole transitions. The theoretical cross section for the capture of thermal neutrons by protons is found to have about a 4 percent addition, due entirely to the spin-antisymmetric term. In heavier nuclei this spin term, exchange interactions, and the velocity interaction proposed to account for high energy nucleon-nucleon scattering contribute to the magnetic dipole transitions. The ratio of magnetic dipole to electric quadrupole transition probabilities is of the order of ${(\frac{25}{\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}})}^{2}{A}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{4}{3}}$, where $A$ is the nuclear mass number and $\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}$ is the photon energy in Mev. Similar emphasis of the magnetic over electric transitions at low energies is anticipated for higher multipole orders, so interpretations of isomeric transitions on the basis of lifetime require re-examination.
Paralytic Strabismus: Third, Fourth, and Sixth Nerve Palsy

Eye movement abnormalities constitute an important clinical sign that can be a manifestation of dysfunction of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI (the 3 ocular motor nerves). Specific motility deficits often have highly localizing value within the neuroaxis, serving to refine a differential diagnosis and guide management. This article reviews the key anatomic concepts, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management of ocular motor nerve palsies. Dysfunction of an ocular motor nerve must be distinguished from other causes of abnormal eye movements, such as myasthenia gravis or thyroid eye disease, which are outside the scope of this article.
Effect of Rapid Chilling and Accelerated Processing on the Physical and Sensory Characteristics of Cured Pork Bellies

The effects of accelerated and conventional processing systems on the physical and sensory characteristics of cured pork bellies were investigated using three accelerated processing systems. Accelerated processing, with or without electrical stimulation, was effective in producing bellies and bacon strips equal to or superior to those which were conventionally processed. Non stimulated accelerated processing samples were evaluated as being less crispy than other treatments. Rapid chilling in conjunction with accelerated processing, with or without the aid of electrical stimulation, can produce cured bellies as well as bacon slices that are comparable in all traits with bellies from conventionally processed carcasses.
Extracellular traps in lipid-rich lesions of carotid atherosclerotic plaques: implications for lipoprotein retention and lesion progression.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the presence and location of extracellular traps (ETs) in atherosclerotic plaques and to determine whether they are spatially associated with inflammatory cells and the lipid core. Materials and Methods Human carotid atherosclerotic plaques were collected from seven patients after surgical endarterectomy. Sequential tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin or subjected to immunohistochemistry to detect ETs, neutrophils and macrophages or apolipoprotein B (ApoB). To demonstrate the specificity of the antibody used to detect ETs, the adjacent tissue section was pretreated with deoxyribonuclease-1 (DNase-1) before immunostaining for ETs. Results All seven carotid plaques demonstrated advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Extensive ET and ApoB immunostaining was detected predominantly within the acellular lipid core. Along the edges of the lipid core, confocal microscopy revealed areas suggestive of active release of ETs from MPO-positive cells. Pretreatment of tissue sections with DNase-1 abolished ET signal in the extracellular matrix, but not the signal within the cells along the margins of the core. Conclusions The localization of ETs to the lipid core suggests a possible binding site for lipoproteins, which may further promote lesion progression and inflammation.
Multiscale modeling of the effects of nanoscale load transfer on the effective elastic properties of unfunctionalized carbon nanotube-polyethylene nanocomposites

A multiscale model is proposed to study the macroscale bulk elastic material properties under the influence of interfacial load transfer at the nanoscale in carbon nanotube?polyethylene (CNT?PE) nanocomposites. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations are performed to characterize the nanoscale load transfer through the identification of representative nanoscale interface elements which are studied parametrically in terms of the length of the polymer chains, the number of the polymer chains and the ?grip? position. Once appropriate scales of these parameters are deemed to yield sufficiently converged results, the representative interface elements are subjected to normal and sliding mode simulations in order to obtain the force?separation responses at 100 and 300?K for unfunctionalized CNT?PE interfaces. Cohesive zone traction?displacement laws are developed based on the force?separation responses obtained from the MD simulations and are used in continuum level models to determine the influence of the interface on the effective elastic material properties of the nanocomposites using analytic and computational micromechanics approaches. It is found that the inclusion of the nanoscale interface in place of the perfectly bonded interface results in effective elastic properties which are dependent on the applied strain and temperature in accordance with the interface sensitivity to those effects, and which are significantly diminished from those obtained under the perfect interface assumption.
Systematically increasing contextual interference is beneficial for learning sport skills

Abstract To better understand the contextual interference effect, in two experiments we investigated a form of practice schedule that provided novices with systematic increases in contextual interference. This new type of practice schedule was compared with traditional blocked and random scheduling for two types of sports skills. In Experiment 1, we tested the hypothesis that practising variations of the same task with systematic increases in contextual interference would lead to superior performance compared with blocked or random scheduling. Participants practised golf putting tasks following a blocked, random or increasing schedule, which involved initial blocked trials, followed by serial practice trials, and ended with random scheduling. Participants who followed the increasing schedule had superior retention test performance. In Experiment 2, we tested if these learning benefits were observed when learning tasks controlled by different generalized motor programs. Participants practised three differe...
A Response to Muslim Countries’ Reservations Against Full Implementation of CEDAW

The purpose of this paper is to show the contradictions between Islamic law as presented by the Quran and Sunna and the justifications used by Muslim countries to hold reservations against the full application of the CEDAW Convention. More specifically, Article 16 of the CEDAW Convention constitutes the focus of this study with reference to other articles of pertinence to the larger issue of women’s equality.
“The Most Hated Woman in America”: Madalyn Murray and the Crusade against School Prayer

Throughout her life, Madalyn Murray (O'Hair) tried to obliterate the concept of God and Christianity. She first burst onto the national stage in the early 1960s with a lawsuit against the religious exercises her son was subjected to in a Baltimore, Maryland, public school. A colorful woman who flouted convention, Murray despised religion: “If people want to go to church and be crazy fools, that's their business. But I don't want them praying in ball parks, legislatures, courts and schools. … They can believe in their virgin birth and the rest of their mumbo jumbo, as long as they don't interfere with me, my children, my home, my job, my money or my intellectual views.” At a time when religious conviction was often equated with patriotism, Murray's public statements were regarded as heretical. The media naturally sought her out and as the public learned more about her, Murray was demonized as a belligerent, loudmouthed crank—“the most hated woman in America.” She was not, in fact, the first person to challenge school prayer successfully. That distinction belonged to a fellow atheist, Lawrence Roth, in Engel v. Vitale (1962), a highly unpopular decision against a state-devised prayer in New York. But unlike the reclusive Roth, Murray gravitated to the limelight and became the leader of American atheism in the late twentieth century.
Intragenic mapping of the Neurospora pyrimidine-3 locus by functional deletions.

On the basis of complementation between polar and non-polar pyrimidine-3 mutants of Neurospora crassa, a physical linear order of the polar mutants within the locus is derived. The basis of this derivation is that a polar mutant is an intragenic functional deletion extending from the site of the mutation to the translationally distal end of the locus.
Anisotropic phonon thermal conductivity of YBa2Cu3O−7δ

Abstract Experimental data on the anisotropic thermal conductivity of single crystals of several high- T c superconductors have recently been reported, but the existing theory of this quantity is based on an isotropic Debye model of the phonon spectrum. We have used a shell model which gives accurate frequencies for all phonons in the Brillouin zone to calculate the anisotropy of the defect-limited phonon thermal conductivity of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ . We find that this anisotropy occurs because phonons propagating along the c -axis have lower velocities on the average, leading to a c -axis phonon thermal conductivity several times smaller than that in the ab -plane, in agreement with experiment.
The other body: Women's inscription of their physical images in 16th‐ and 17th‐century England

(1997). The other body: Women's inscription of their physical images in 16th‐ and 17th‐century England. Women's Studies: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 27-58.
Essentials of educational measurement

A practical treatment of the purposes, methods and problems of constructing, using and evaluating educational tests. The book is designed for use on introductory testing and measurement courses at undergraduate or graduate level.
1116 LIVE ATTENUATED VARICELLA VACCINE IN HEALTHY 12–24 MONTH-OLD CHILDREN

A safety and immunogenicity study of the Oka/Merck live attenuated varicella vaccine was conducted among 51 healthy children 12-24 months, with a negative clinical history of varicella. Parents maintained a detailed medical diary for 6 weeks following immunization, and all children with fever or rash were seen by a physician. 11 children had fever > 38 C during the 6 week follow-up period, including 3 children with documented bacterial infections. 3 children in the 1st week and 6 in the 3rd-4th week developed non-specific maculopapular rashes. Only one child had swelling and pain at the injection site. Pre-immunization and 6 week post-immunization sera were titered simultaneously by an indirect fluorescent antibody test which detects antibody to membrane antigen (modified FAMA). 48 of 51 children (94.1%) demonstrated sero-conversion with a ≥ 4 fold rise in antibody titer. Sero-conversion was less in 12-15 month old infants (14/16, 87.5%) than in 15-24 month old infants (34/35, 97.1%). Geometric mean titers (expressed as the reciprocal of the mean) were not related to age: 12-15 months, 57.4 (n = 14); 15-18 months, 35.3 (n= 8); 18-21 months, 43.9 (n = 11), and 21-24 months, 44.5 (n = 15). Oka/Merck varicella vaccine appears safe and immunogenic in children 12-24 months. Further study is indicated to determine the optimal age for vaccination.
Hypothesis on the Nature of Comprehension Deficit in a Patient with Transcortical Mixed Aphasia with Preserved Naming

Patients with poor comprehension and preserved naming have been occasionally described. Such patients, who are affected by transcortical aphasia, have been taken as evidence of the possibility of naming an object while bypassing the semantic system. We describe a patient affected with mixed transcortical aphasia who presented a clear dissociation between ability in naming and difficulties in performing word-picture matching tasks. The pattern is explained by the existence of covert compulsory automatic naming that interferes with less automatic procedures involved in word-picture matching. In fact, when we tried to oppose automatic naming by using, in word-picture matching tasks, pictures difficult to name, the comprehension improved. This finding excludes a semantic deficit at the basis of poor comprehension of our patient. We suggest that the dissociation between naming and comprehension could be an expression of a computational limitation within the processes involved in word-picture matching, due to the competition for limited processing resources by automatically activated hyperactive naming.
Changing Racial Attitudes in Eastern North Carolina

This is an extensive analysis of African-Americans' and whites' perceptions of each other, and the relationships between racial attitudes and social-welfare preferences, cultural traditionalism, levels of trust toward government, and levels of political conceptualization. The project consists of two phases. First, a mail survey and both individual and focus group interviews were conducted in 1995. Second, a telephone survey of eastern North Carolina residents was conducted in 1996. Both the surveys and the interviews revealed expected differences between the opinions of black and white people—for example, perceptions of prejudice, equality of opportunities and integration. In addition to six questions which were asked in 1995, the 1996 telephone survey collected black and white people's opinions of four strategies for ameliorating racial friction. Not only did the survey show that one of the four proposed strategies seems viable to both black and white people but also that, again, division between the races is remarkably intense.
A note on modeling double diffusive mixing in the global ocean

Abstract Though ubiquitous in the global oceans, double diffusive mixing has been largely ignored or poorly represented in the models of turbulent mixing in the ocean and in 3-D ocean models, until recently. Salt fingers occur in the interior of many marginal seas and ocean basins, the Tyrrhenian Sea and the subtropical Atlantic being two examples. Diffusive convection type of double diffusion occurs in the upper layers of many sub-polar seas and polar oceans due to cold melt water from sea ice. Consequently, it is important to be able to properly parameterize double diffusive mixing in basin scale and global ocean models, so that the water mass structure in the interior of the ocean can be properly simulated. This note describes a model for double diffusive mixing in the presence of background shear, based on Mellor–Yamada type second moment closure, more specifically Kantha, 2003 , Kantha and Clayson, 2004 second moment closure models of resulting turbulence, following Canuto et al. (2008a) but employing a different strategy for modeling the pertinent terms in the second moment equations. The resulting model is suitable for inclusion in ocean general circulation models.
Sex differences in neuropsychological performance

The purpose of this study was to investigate male and female performance on a subset of Halstead's ( 2 ) test instruments and procedures, further developed by Reitan (4 ) . The size of Gordon, O'Dell, and Bozeman's ( 1 ) original sample was expanded to 36, in part since several comparisons were almost significant. In that study male subjects did exhibit statistically superior performance in dominant and nondominant hand strength and dominant and nondominant finger tapping. Females were superior on left-hand fingertip number writing. As in the first study all subjects were right-handed and between the ages of 17 and 35 yr. of age. Since there was a significant difference in the mean age of the male subjects (M = 20.6, SD = 3.5) in comparison with the female subjects ( M = 18.9, SD = LO), an analysis of covariance was performed on the d3ta.l All of the five significant differences in the first study held up; in addition, the female subjects were significantly superior on left-hand finger agnosia, Tacrual Performance Tesc Memory and Location scores. There were no significant differences on right-hand fingertip number writing and finger agnosia, as well as dominant, nondominant, and both hand tactual performance scores. The size of the differences indicates that only the motor functions (strength and tapping scores) are of practical significance. Revisions of cut-off scores for the tapping test ( 5 ) seem adequate to compensate for the significant sex differences. As in systematic sex variation on WAIS subtest scores ( 3 ) , many of the other Halstead-Reitan differences seem to be of minimal clinical importance. For females the cluster of left-hand tactile and the visuo-spatial memory tasks suggest possible superior right-hemisphere functioning. This is of theoretical significance if not in the application of the Halstead tests in clinical situations.
Spectrum of Rb iii observed with a pulsed-rf light source

The spectrum of doubly ionized rubidium, Rb iii, was observed with a pulsed-rf light source on two 10.7 m normal-incidence spectrographs at NBS. Wavelengths and classifications were obtained for 103 Rb iii lines, 90 of which were newly observed. The three missing levels of the 4p4 4d configuration, (3P)4F9/2 and (1D)2G7/2,9/2, and the one missing level of the 4p4 5p configuration, (1S0)[1]1/2, were located. The 4p4(1D)5d2G9/2 level was also located. Improved values were determined for 13 excited levels.
Olfactory bulb core is a rich source of neural progenitor and stem cells in adult rodent and human.

The olfactory bulb (OB) core is an extension of the rostral migratory stream and thus is a potential source of neural progenitor and neural stem cells. We characterized in vivo and in vitro neuronal progenitor and neural stem cells in the adult OB core. In mouse and rat, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling showed that the OB core accumulates newly replicated cells. Nestin, a neuroepithelial stem cell marker, was enriched in the OB core. BrdU-positive cells were immunolabeled for nestin and TUC4, a marker for early postmitotic neurons. The distributions of cells labeled for BrdU, TUC4, and nestin were similarly concentrated in the OB core. Nestin- and TUC4-positive cells were also found in the OB of young and aged humans. Isolated and cultured OB core cells from adult rat and mouse had the capacity to generate numerous neurospheres. Adult OB core neurospheres were cryopreserved and subsequently cultured. Single cell clonal analysis of neurospheres revealed the capacity for self-renewal and multipotency. Cultured adult OB core cells differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Some neurons expressed choline acetlytransferase, substance P, and glutamic acid decarboxylase. Basic fibroblast growth factor potentiated the self-renewal of cells and β-nerve growth factor stimulated differentiation. OB-derived neural stem cells in coculture with skeletal muscle cells were induced to become neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase and substance P and formed neuromuscular synaptic junctions on myocytes displaying acetylcholinesterase-positive motor end plates. Cocultured OB-derived neural stem cells with myoblast cells also generated nonneural cell progeny. We conclude that the adult mammalian OB core is a reservoir of neural progenitor cells and pluripotent neural stem cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:368–391, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Anomalous transient diffusion of ion implanted dopants: A phenomenological model

Abstract The reduced thermal budget required for very shallow p/n junctions gives greater significance to some of the previously ignored effects occurring during the anneal of ion implanted layers. The anomalous transient displacement that is observed for some dopants during high temperature, short time anneals is a major contribution to the junction depth. The experimental evidence supports a model for the transient displacement that involves the evolution of the damage created by the implanted ions. It is thermal dissolution of small clusters of interstitial silicon atoms created by the ion implantation that produces a supersaturation of interstitial silicon atoms which is the basic cause of the anomalous transient displacement. The formation of extended defects also plays an important role in the redistribution and activation of the dopant.
Rapid and sustained coronary artery recanalization with combined bolus injection of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator and monoclonal antiplatelet GPIIb/IIIa antibody in a canine preparation.

The effects of bolus injections of recombinant single-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and of F(ab')2 fragments of a murine monoclonal antibody (7E3) against the human platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor [7E3-F(ab')2] on coronary arterial thrombolysis and reocclusion was studied in a canine preparation of coronary artery thrombosis superimposed on high-grade stenosis. Bolus intravenous injections of rt-PA at a dose of 0.45 mg/kg, repeated at 15 min intervals until reperfusion occurred (maximum of four injections) caused reperfusion in five of seven dogs within 100 min (33 +/- 15 min, mean +/- SD). Reperfusion was rapidly followed (generally within 10 min) by reocclusion and then by periods of cyclical reflow and reocclusion. A single intravenous injection of 7E3-F(ab')2 alone at 0.8 mg/kg caused reperfusion within 100 min in two of six dogs (19 and 37 min) without subsequent reocclusion. Single bolus injections of different amounts (0.1 to 0.8 mg/kg) of 7E3-F(ab')2 were then combined with bolus injections of 0.45 mg/kg of rt-PA. Stable reperfusion without reocclusion was accomplished with 0.8 or 0.6 mg/kg 7E3-F(ab')2 and a single injection of 0.45 mg/kg rt-PA within 6 +/- 3 min (n = 6, p less than .01) and 8 +/- 5 min (n = 5, p less than .02), respectively. None of these animals suffered reocclusion of the coronary artery. Lower doses (0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg) of 7E3-F(ab')2 did not significantly shorten the time to reperfusion and did not prevent reocclusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kinetics of catalytic oxidation of sulphur dioxide for comparison of fixed and fluid bed reactors

The kinetics of the oxidation of sulphur dioxide over a commercial vanadia catalyst in confined and fluidized beds have been investigated under various operating conditions. The reaction rates for both the confined and the fluidized operation were correlated by an equation based on the assumption that the reaction rate was controlled by the specific surface reaction between activatedly adsorbed atomic oxygen and activatedly adsorbed sulphur dioxide at high mass velocities where diffusional effects are negligible. The general rate equation is: The individual reaction rate data were correlated by assuming the adsorption equilibrium and reaction velocity constants were the same for both the confined and the fluidized operations. The developed rate equations differ only in the effectiveness factors for the specific mode of gas-solid contacting. This study gives some insight into the practical problem of applying fixed bed catalytic data to fluidized operation in the absence of fluidized bed data or vice versa. It also demonstrates the possibility of correlating fixed and fluidized bed data with a single parameter. It is doubtful if, as is generally supposed, a fluidized bed under low mass velocity conditions behaves as a fixed bed.
Purpuric pityriasis rosea

An ll-year-old girl noticed several asymptomatic spots on her abdomen. The eruption spread to the remainder of her trunk and proximal extremities during the next 3 weeks. Physical examination revealed multiple, nonscaling petechiae and ecchymoses oriented along Langer's lines on the neck, trunk, and proximal extremities. Complete blood cell count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin! time, 16-variable automated chemistry panel and urinalysis were all normal. Antinuclear antibody, rapid plasma reagin, rickettsial profile, and streptococcal antibody titers were unremarkable. A skin biopsy specimen demonstrated a superficial and mid-dermal perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate with erythrocyte extravasation, No foci of parakeratosis or spongiosis were seen, and there was no evidence ofvascu-
An interpretation of assessment methods in middle school science

Current calls for reform in science education include changes in assessment practices of teachers. However, little attention is given to how these changes are to take place and why teachers feel their current assessment practices are valid. This study was concerned with the extent to which teachers could incorporate alternative assessment practices into their middle school science curriculum. This interpretive study of the use of alternative methods to assess student learning investigated factors which influenced the validity of assessment tasks and those that determined how a teacher assessed student learning. Validity was interpreted from a constructivist perspective. Three assertions emerged from the study: (1) cognitive referents influence a teacher's actions regarding assessment; (2) current assessment practices of teachers do not provide valid measures of what students know. Tasks and systems of aggregating scores often reward completion of tasks and motivation to learn rather than what is known; (3...
The theory of previewing: Preventive caregiver-infant psychoeducational groups—Part I

The rising incidence of caregiver-infant dyads seeking intervention for interactional failure underscores the pressing need for prevention models. Previewing, a prospectively-oriented developmentally-based approach, may offer techniques that can deter the emergence of conflict between caregivers and their infants. Group formats have been shown to be especially appropriate settings for applying previewing techniques. While the group format has proven effective in identifying and resolving conflict in caregiver-infant dyads, its effectiveness as a preventive measure needs to be highlighted. The group's receptiveness to previewing techniques, coupled with the effectiveness of these strategies for preventing interactional failure, suggests that group therapy involving caregiver-infant dyads can function as an effective prevention model.
Computational architecture for full-color holographic displays based on anisotropic leaky-mode modulators

The MIT Mark IV holographic display system employs a novel anisotropic leaky-mode spatial light modulator that allows for the simultaneous and superimposed modulation of red, green, and blue light via wavelength-division multiplexing. This WDM-based scheme for full-color display requires that incoming video signals containing holographic fringe information are comprised of non-overlapping spectral bands that fall within the available 200 MHz output bandwidth of commercial GPUs. These bands correspond to independent color channels in the display output and are appropriately band-limited and centered to match the multiplexed passbands and center frequencies in the frequency response of the mode-coupling device. The computational architecture presented in this paper involves the computation of holographic fringe patterns for each color channel and their summation in generating a single video signal for input to the display. In composite, 18 such input signals, each containing holographic fringe information for 26 horizontal-parallax only holographic lines, are generated via three dual-head GPUs for a total of 468 holographic lines in the display output. We present a general scheme for full-color CGH computation for input to Mark IV and furthermore depict the adaptation of the diffraction specific coherent panoramagram approach to fringe computation for the Mark IV architecture.
Nonlinear optical properties and nonlinear optical probes of organic materials

Abstract Only NONLINEAROPTICAL PROPERTIES AND NONUNEAR OPTICAL PROBES OF ORGANICMATERIALS Gerald R. MeredithCentral Research and Development Department The DuPont Co.Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0356 Nonlinear optical processes and electro-oplical effects are expected to have increasingimportance as the information age matures and photonics augnnt electronics in various highdensity and high bandwidth technologies. Whereas for electronics the emphasis is in construction of smaller device structures from a few parent materials, for organic materials thedirection of materials research has been reversed. For some time it's been known that somemolecular structures engender exceptionally large molecular nonlinear-polarization responses.If such molecules could be assembled in convenient, versatile and reliable ways, the resultingmaterials would be very useful or even enabling in various photonics applications. The maturescience and art of chemistry allows very good control over molecular composition and structure
Generalizing the Utility of GPUs in Large-Scale Heterogeneous Computing Systems

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have been widely used as accelerators in large-scale heterogeneous computing systems. However, current programming models can only support the utilization of local GPUs. When using non-local GPUs, programmers need to explicitly call API functions for data communication across computing nodes. As such, programming GPUs in large-scale computing systems is more challenging than local GPUs since local and remote GPUs have to be dealt with separately. In this work, we propose a virtual OpenCL (VOCL) framework to support the transparent virtualization of GPUs. This framework, based on the OpenCL programming model, exposes physical GPUs as decoupled virtual resources that can be transparently managed independent of the application execution. To reduce the virtualization overhead, we optimize the GPU memory accesses and kernel launches. We also extend the VOCL framework to support live task migration across physical GPUs to achieve load balance and/or quick system maintenance. Our experiment results indicate that VOCL can greatly simplify the task of programming cluster-based GPUs at a reasonable virtualization cost.
Clinical practice. Chronic urticaria and angioedema.

A 35-year-old woman presents with a three-month history of daily generalized hives. She has also had swelling of her lips and tongue, with associated tightness of the throat. How should she be evaluated and treated?
Endoscopic, radiographic, and manometric findings associated with cardiovascular dysphagia

The roentgenographic, echocardiographic, endoscopic, and manometric findings were studied in five consecutive patients with cardiovascular dysphagia, including four with a dilated left atrium and one with an anomalous left subclavian artery. Common and different manometric findings were found in the two types of cardiovascular dysphagia. The major manometric abnormality in all cases was an elevated baseline pressure, with superimposed large rhythmic pressure waves occurring at the same frequency as the electrocardiogram in the mid-esophagus. This manometric abnormality, produced by pulsatile cardiovascular compression, provides direct evidence that cardiovascular dysphagia is caused by esophageal luminal obstruction from cardiovascular compression. Indirect evidence supporting this mechanism includes smooth extrinsic compression and hang-up of ingested barium in the mid-esophagus on esophagogram and transmitted mural pulsations and a compressed lumen in the mid-esophagus at panendoscopy. Two of the five patients had deranged esophageal peristalsis within the high-pressure zone, which also contributed to the dysphagia. Autopsy in one patient with deranged peristalsis revealed a band of ischemic esophageal mucosa in the zone compressed by the dilated left atrium. A novel manometric maneuver might distinguish dysphagia due to an anomalous left subclavian artery from dysphagia due to a dilated left atrium. Left arm elevation during manometry in the single patient with the anomalous artery significantly increased the mean mid-esophageal baseline pressure by 92% (N = 10 trials), and mean pressure wave amplitude by 93% (N = 10 trials, P < 0.002 for each, nonparametric signed rank test). Left arm elevation in this patient also increased the observed luminal obstruction during endoscopy. These manometric and endoscopic findings may be explained by increased arterial compression of the esophagus produced by arterial stretch and anterior displacement with arm elevation.
Metabolism of 3H-labelled lactate by rat adipose tissue

1. 1. Rat epididymal fat pad tissue was incubated with l-lactate labelled with 14C and with 3H. 3H was recovered in water, fatty acids and glycerol. 2. 2. The recovery of 3H from [2-3H]lactate in tissue of starved and fed rats exceeded the uptake of lactate and incorporation of 14C into products. The recovery of 3H was as much as 3 times that of 14C. In tissue of starved-refed rats, the utilization of 3H and 14C were nearly equal. 3. 3. When lipogenesis was high, 65–70% of the 3H from [2-3H]lactate was recovered in water, 20–25% in fatty acids and 5–10% in glycerol. When lipogenesis and lactate utilization were depressed (starved rats), 95% of the tritium was in water, 1–2% in fatty acids and the rest in glycerol. 4. 4. In most experiments with [14C3, 2-3H]lactate, the 3H14C ratio in fatty acids ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 and in glycerol from 2 to 6. 5. 5. When lactate and pyruvate are common substrates, extensive exchange of 14C between the two acids occurs. However, in tissue of starved-refed rats, addition of pyruvate nearly abolishes incorporation of 3H from [2-3H]lactate into water and lipids. 6. 6. It is concluded that the hydrogen of cytoplasmic NADH exchanges extensively with protons. Reactions that may catalyze the exchange are discussed. 3H incorporation into water represents mainly a detritiation rather than oxidation and the specific activity of cytoplasmic NADH is diluted by protons. 3H yields in lipids do not represent quantitatively the fate of cytoplasmic reducing equivalents.
A simple procedure for determining the aqueous half-lives of pyrrolic metabolites of pyrrolizidine alkaloids

We report a simple and rapid procedure for estimating the aqueous half-lives of the reactive metabolites of pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are responsible for toxicity. The metabolites (dehydroalkaloids; DHAs) were rapidly added to a 0.5 mM HEPES solution, pH 8.0. The subsequent fall in pH, due to ester hydrolysis, was followed potentiometrically. The change in pH was well described by single-component exponential decay, allowing the derivation of rate constants and half-lives of hydrolysis. Half-lives varied from 0.31 sec for dehydro-7-acetyllycopsamine to 5.36 sec for dehydrotrichodesmine. The results support the view that alkaloids whose DHA metabolites have longer half-lives produce greater extrahepatic toxicity.
Early detection of congenital cardiovascular malformations in infancy.

• In an ongoing population-based study of congenital cardiovascular malformations in the Baltimore–Washington, DC, area, 1527 affected infants were ascertained from multiple sources during the years 1981 to 1984. Ninety-eight percent were evaluated at a regional pediatric cardiology center. Among the unreferred cases, in which the cardiac defect was diagnosed only at autopsy, most infants died in the first week of life and had associated problems, such as low birth weight, major noncardiac malformations, or other life-threatening illnesses, but a few Infants with potentially remediable heart disease escaped clinical detection. Until preventive measures become available, reduction of infant mortality due to congenital cardiovascular malformations will continue to depend on early recognition of signs of serious heart disease in infants and on effective community-wide use of specialized cardiac services. ( AJDC 1987;141:1218-1220)
A Simplified Sum-Frequency Vibrational Imaging Setup Used for Imaging Lipid Bilayer Arrays

Given the complexity of cell membranes, there is a need for an analytical technique which can explore the physical properties of lipid membranes in a high-throughput and noninvasive manner. A simplified sum-frequency vibrational imaging (SFVI) setup has been developed and characterized using asymmetrically prepared 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC):1,2-distearoyl(d70)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC-d(70)) lipid bilayer arrays. Exploiting the vibrational selectivity and inherent symmetry constraints of sum-frequency generation, SFVI was successfully used to probe the transition temperature of a patterned DSPC:DSPC-d(70) lipid bilayer array. SFVI was also used to study the phase behavior in a multicomponent micropatterned lipid bilayer array (MLBA) prepared using three different binary lipid mixtures (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC):DSPC, DOPC:1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC:DSPC). This paper demonstrates that a simplified SFVI setup provides the necessary chemical imaging capabilities with the spatial resolution, sensitivity, and field of view required for exploring lipid membrane properties in a high-throughput array based assay.
Characterization of burst noise in silicon devices

Burst noise has been investigated in forward-biased silicon diodes and transistors. To separate surface effects from bulk effects, measurements were performed on gate-controlled devices. Both gate-voltage-dependent and gate-voltage-independent burst noise were observed. Burst noise under forward bias conditions has been characterized in terms of the bias across the p-n junction. From this characterization simple equivalent circuits are presented for diodes and bipolar transistors which model the main features of burst noise in these devices. Analytical expressions for the burst noise spectral distributions are developed and compared with experiment.
Design considerations for an on-line computer system for automated psychiatric assessment

The computer-assisted multidisciplinary Psychiatric Assessment Unit at the Salt Lake City VA Hospital required a unique computer system. Design considerations and procedures for development of a Psychiatric Real-Time Information System for Management (PRISM) are outlined. This design is presented as an example for others considering implementing on-line systems. Advantages of the approach are discussed.
Classification of all cycles of the parabolic map

Abstract The problem of determining all cycles of the parabolic map pζ(x) for all parameters values ζ ϵ (0,∞) and all xϵ (0,∞) is addressed. The method is one of decomposing the set of all fixed points of the nth iterate pζn(x), for arbitrary n, into cycles of pζ(x). Toward this goal, the inverse graph of pζn(x) is constructed for all ζ and its complete description given in terms of sequences α=(α0, α1, α2,…), each αi a nonnegative integer, and their negatives, and a total order relation on all such sequences. It is shown how the properties of these sequences give a complete description of the evolution of the graph in the parameter ζ with respect to changes in its shape and in its bifurcation structure. These results are then used to infer properties of the decomposition of the set of fixed points of pζn into cycles of pζ.
Comprehension and Text Genre: An Analysis of Secondary School Foreign Language Readers

FOR A NUMBER OF REASONS, THE STUDY OF SECond language reading has received much attention in recent years. ' Three of these reasons are of particular interest to this study. First, communicative language teaching with its incumbent emphasis on functional materials recognizes the importance of reading. Byrnes contends, for example, that "authentic texts are still the most preferable resource. Only by helping learners deal with authentic texts can we rees-
Effects of Sampling Rate on STAP-Based RFI Suppression Systems

In this paper, the effects of sampling rate on the performance of the space-time adaptive processing (STAP)-based RFI suppression system is studied when the performance metric consists of pre-correlator performance (output SNR) as well as the post-correlator performance (peak-to-peak ratio and distortion of the cross-correlation function). It is shown that for good performance, the sampling rate should be selected below or equal to the system bandwidth (front end of the antenna electronics). In general, the sampling rate is greater than the system bandwidth which leads to performance degradation. For these situations, a resampling procedure is presented which can be used effectively to reduce the sampling rate to below or equal to the system bandwidth. It is shown that when the resampled data is used in STAP, one obtains good performance. The resampling procedure consists of two steps. First, a low-pass filter is applied to the data. The bandwidth of the low-pass filter is selected to be between the desired signal bandwidth and the system bandwidth. Next, the signals are resampled to match the low-pass filter bandwidth. The antenna array and the signal scenario used in the study is described next
Critical crack tip opening displacement for polymer composites

Abstract Applicability of critical stress intensity factor ( K IC ) and/or critical crack up opening displacement (CTODc for epoxy and polyester polymer composites (PC) in mode I Fracture are investigated. Both unreinforced and glass fiber reinforced polymer composite systems are studied using single edge notched beams in three-point and four-point bending at room temperature. Crack mouth opening displacement method (CMOD) is used in determining the crack extension during pre-peak loading. The critical stress intensity factor is calculated at the tip of the effective crack and the critical crack extension is represented by the elastic crack tip opening displacement. A simple model has been developed to determine the elastic CTOD from the measured elastic CMOD, and the performance of this model is compared to several other models proposed for metals and cement concrete. The test results indicate that the two Fracture parameters are independent of initial notch depth. The two Fracture parameters are used in predicting the notch sensitivity of epoxy PC and polyester PC. Resistance curves based on stress intensity factor ( V R - curve ) and crack tip opening displacement ( V R - curve ) have been developed for the 4% glass fiber reinforced polyester PC.
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis with promoted iron catalyst: Reaction pathways for acetic acid, glycol, 2-ethoxyethanol and 1,2-diethoxyethane

Abstract Reaction pathways for oxygenates, acetic acid, ethylene glycol (EG), 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE) and 1,2-diethoxyethane (1,2-DEE) added during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) over a doubly promoted fused iron catalysts were studied. The addition of acetic acid, EG and 2-EE affected only slightly the CO conversion but resulted in a significant reduction in H 2 conversion while addition of 1,2-DEE results in slight increase in both H 2 and CO conversion. Addition of these oxygenates caused a large decrease in the alkene ratio for C 2 hydrocarbons as compared to an increase for the C 3 and C 4 hydrocarbons suggesting a direct formation pathway of ethane from added oxygenate molecules. The 1-alkene/2-alkene fraction was found to increase significantly when these oxygenates were added and then return to the original value once the addition is terminated, indicating inhibition of secondary reactions of 1-alkene by added oxygenates. Added acetic acid reversibly increased the CO 2 production rate while EG, 2-EE and 1,2-DEE reversibly decreased the CO 2 selectivity. Addition of these oxygenates reduced the production rate of methane. Addition of acetic acid and 1,2-DEE decreased methanol selectivity significantly while added EG results in a significant increase in methanol production. In the case of 2-EE addition, methanol selectivity was nearly constant. Reaction of acetic acid during FTS was found to produce products such as ethyl butanoate, ethylene glycol and its ether, 1,2-diethoxyethane, which are not generally observed in the normal FTS product spectrum. Addition of EG results in a significant increase in the production rate of 1,2-DEE only and no measurable amount of 2-EE was found. While addition of 2-EE caused a significant increase in the production rate of glycol, the addition of 1,2-DEE indicated a significant increase in 2-EE production rate without any measurable change in EG selectivity. The results suggest that acetic acid undergoes some C C bond rupture while 2-EE and 1,2-DEE undergoes cleavage of the ether linkage (C O C bond). On the contrary, EG undergoes fast and equally probable C O C chain growth in both terminal positions. The results indicate that neither of these oxygenates is a significant intermediate in FTS with an iron catalyst. Product distribution in most of the oxygenate compounds are consistent with hydrogenation of the added oxygenate to acetaldehyde and/or ethanol as primary products followed by secondary reaction of these two primary oxygenate products.
A Pioneer‐Voyager study of the solar wind interaction with Saturn

Voyager 1/2 observations are used to confirm and quantify the unusual bluntness of the dayside Saturn magnetopause suggested by the earlier Pioneer 11 measurements. Once corrected for variations in solar wind pressure, the Saturn observations are found to indicate a magnetospheric radius in the terminator plane equal to 1.8 times the nose distance. This ratio is 30% greater than the terrestrial value and is corroborated by the very blunt shape of the Saturn bow shock and large width of the forward magnetosheath. Possible causes and ramifications of these results for the solar wind interaction with Saturn are discussed.
The effect of acute starvation on thyroid function in rodents.

Apres 96 h de jeune, le rat consomme moins d'oxygene et ses erythrocytes moins de radiotriiodothyronine. La thyroide de l'animal en etat de jeune absorbe davantage d'iode radioactif administre pendant 24 h et la concentration thyroidienne en thyroxine est augmentee. Le jeune ne modifie pas la perte intestinale de la radiothyroxine. L'administration de TSH ne retablit pas completement la fonction thyroidienne, bien que la courbe de la ‘clearance’ plasmatique de la radiothyroxine des rats affames se rapproche alors de celle observee apres l'administration de TSH chez les animaux nourris normalement.
Microwave Mixing Using Superconducting Josephson Devices

In this paper we present an analysis of the Josephson device as a mixing element and give experimental results for 10 GHz mixing using constricted thin films. Sensitivity, conversion loss, and dynamic range are reported.