cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid Review of Breast Cancer Treatment Side Effects and Dietary Supplement/Integrative Options from A to Z: What Helps, Harms, or Does Nothing?

It is critical to keep in mind, especially in this chapter that multiple lifestyle options exists that can improve or actually not improve and even exacerbate side effects from cancer treatments. And there are many integrative medicines, especially dietary supplements that can improve, have no impact or actually cause a side effect from cancer treatment to become worse! The purpose of this chapter just like the rest of this book is to cover all of those integrative medicines that work, have no effect or are worthless for multiple cancer treatment side effects. When applicable prescription drug treatments are mentioned and reviewed. Still, this chapter and the book is not intended to provide a summary or exhaustive list of the conventional prescription treatment options for these side effects from A to Z because it would not only create an unreadable voluminous text, but this also would not serve the purpose of this text—to simply provide a non-biased and objective review of the medical research in the area of breast cancer and integrative medicines, especially in regard to lifestyle changes and dietary supplements. This is the area of oncology that appears to have arguably the greatest current needs for more objective and educational attention to this issue.
Crystal Chemistry and Phase Relations in the Synthetic Minerals of Ceramic Waste Forms: I. Fluorite and Monazite Structure Phases

McCarthy (1–4) has suggested that synthetic minerals of the fluorite and monazite types are potentially ideal hosts for the lanthanide*-actinide** elements in nuclear wastes. He has synthesized numerous compositions of these structure types relevant to nuclear waste chemistries (1–5). Their geologic stability, radiation stability and high solid solution capacity for actinides have been previously discussed (1–10). The Ln and An elements are very important constituents of high level nuclear wastes (HLW) and transuranic wastes (TRU), and thus are receiving high priority consideration in the design of ceramic nuclear waste forms. The oxides of the Ln’s and An’s can constitute more than 50 weight percent (wt%) of some HLW formulations. Also included among the actinides are long-lived hazardous radionuclides such as Np-237, Pu-238 and Am-241. We discuss here crystal chemistry and recently determined phase relations data on synthetic fluorites and monazites in the context of designing synthetic minerals for HLW ceramics.
Up Periscope! Designing a New Perceptual Metric for Imaging System Performance

Modern electronic imaging systems include optics, sensors, sampling, noise, processing, compression, transmission and display elements, and are viewed by the human eye. Many of these elements cannot be assessed by traditional imaging system metrics such as the MTF. More complex metrics such as NVTherm do address these elements, but do so largely through parametric adjustment of an MTF-like metric. The parameters are adjusted through subjective testing of human observers identifying specific targets in a set of standard images. We have designed a new metric that is based on a model of human visual pattern classification. In contrast to previous metrics, ours simulates the human observer identifying the standard targets. One application of this metric is to quantify performance of modern electronic periscope systems on submarines.
Does Privacy Require Secrecy? Societal Expectations of Privacy in the Digital Age

This paper presents the results of empirical research assessing societal expectations of privacy in digital information. In recent years, with advancements in technology and an increase in the amount of personal information that individuals disclose online, courts have struggled to determine the application of the Fourth Amendment, specifically the Katz reasonable expectation of privacy test, to that information. Although courts frequently make assertions about individual expectations of privacy in the context of the Fourth Amendment, they rarely base these assertions on empirical data. The goal of the study on which this article is based was to collect data that would assist courts in understanding individual’s subjective expectations of privacy. In 2014, we conducted a survey of over 1200 individuals asking them about privacy expectations in a variety of information. Overall, we found that individuals consistently have significantly high expectations in virtually all of their digital information, even information in which courts have held that they have no expectation of privacy.
Aged citizens in the warning phase of disasters : Re-examining the evidence

While there is a strong consistent empirical literature on older citizens in the recovery period of disasters, there is much less research on how the elderly respond to disaster warnings. Furthermore, there are conflicting findings among these studies, some characterizing the elderly as noncompliant and less likely to cooperate with authorities, while others find the elderly no less responsive than other age groups. The current article reviews the literature in this area and tries to sort out conflicting findings in terms of the timing of the research and methodological considerations. Data are analyzed from nine disasters-representing flood events, volcanic eruptions, and hazardous materials emergencies-which show citizens over sixty-five years old no less likely to comply with disaster warnings.
Inhibition of Aspergillus niger growth by m-dinitrobenzene and its reversal by amino acids.

Summary1) A. niger growth was prevented when DNB at a final concentration of 2.5 × 10-5 M was added to the culture medium at any time up to 30 hours' incubation. When DNB was added at any time later, some additional growth occurred. The DNB effect appeared to be limited to molds and was static rather than cidal. 2) Growth inhibition by DNB was overcome by synthetic mixtures of amino acids, but not by ammonium nitrogen, vitamins or minerals. 3) Nitroaryl compounds can be reduced to relatively nontoxic arylamines by a sulfhydryl-dependent, pyridine nucleotide-linked enzyme from A. niger. 4) The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
Does the conformation of adsorbed fibrinogen dictate platelet interactions with artificial surfaces

Platelet activation by polymer surfaces is thought to require preliminary adsorption of fibrinogen and perhaps changes in fibrinogen conformation. We measured fibrinogen adsorption by a series of polymers by two methods, using either 125I-labeled fibrinogen or 125I-labeled antifibrinogen antibodies, and correlated the results with platelet reactivity (retention and secretion) in columns of beads coated with the polymers. For polyalkyl methacrylates with 1 to 4 carbon side chains, platelet reactivity varied directly with increasing length of the alkyl side chain and with the quantity of bound fibrinogen recognizable by antifibrinogen antibody but not with the total quantity of fibrinogen adsorbed. The same pattern of results was seen with five antibody preparations, including affinity-purified Fab fragments against the D or E domain of fibrinogen. Tests of platelet retention and fibrinogen binding to four polyalkyl acrylates and to three unrelated polymers (polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and a polyether polyurethane) indicated that platelet retention correlated positively with both total fibrinogen binding and with the amount of antibody-recognizable fibrinogen bound. Drugs that block platelet aggregation, but not adhesion, did not alter the hierarchy of platelet retention to the polyalkyl methacrylates. These data suggest that, contrary to previous views, platelet adhesion to artificial surfaces increases with increasing surface coverage of adsorbed fibrinogen if the bound fibrinogen maintains a conformation such that its functional domains remain recognizable by antibody probes.
Lexemuel Ray Hesler February 20, 1888–November 20, 1977

(1978). Lexemuel Ray Hesler February 20, 1888–November 20, 1977. Mycologia: Vol. 70, No. 4, pp. 757-765.
Design and development of a porous heterogeneous combustor for efficient heat production by combustion of liquid and gaseous fuels

This work focuses on the design and operation of a heterogeneous combustor capable of operating on both gaseous and liquid fuels, featuring a highly porous (up to 90% porosity) silicon carbide ceramic media within the combustion chamber where the combustion reactions take place. Four interlinked devices – a heat exchanger, a vaporization chamber where liquid fuel may be injected, a mixing chamber, and combustion chamber – comprise the flow loop of the combustor. Operation of the combustor is presented using temperatures recorded via thermocouples at various locations in the flow loop as well as along the axis of the combustion chamber. Demonstration of the combustor’s ability to operate on gaseous methane and air at a low equivalence ratio of 0.50 is presented across various total flow rates. Additionally, the ability of the combustor to operate on liquid fuel was also verified upon the inclusion of kerosene in the fuel-air mixture.
Development of type II pneumocytes in rat lung

At a late stage of fetal development, the mammalian alveolar epithelium undergoes an abrupt differentiation as a part of the preparation of the lung for the postnatal demands of gas exchange. Some ...
Quantitation of Cyfluthrin in Liquid and Solid Formulations by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed for quantitation of cyfluthrin (Bayfhroid®, Tempo®) in liquid and solid formulations. Cyfluthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. Samples are dissolved in acetonitrile and analyzed by reversed-phase LC with decanophenone as an internal standard. Seventeen laboratories from 7 countries participated in a collaborative study of the method. Each collaborator was provided with reference standard, internal standard, and matched pair samples of Tempo 20 wettable powder, Tempo 2 emulsifiable concentrate, and Tempo 2 flowable liquid formulations. Collaborators were instructed to use peak area measurements for quantitation. Relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSD R ) were 0.78, 0.98, and 2.32, respectively. The LC method for determination of cyfluthrin in pesticide formulations has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
SEVERE GLENOID RETROVERSION IS BEST TREATED WITH ASYMMETRIC REAMING – AFFIRMS

Retroversion, also referred to as posterior wear of the glenoid, can make resurfacing the glenoid challenging. However, careful pre-operative planning with three dimensional CT scanning can allow central placement of the glenoid component through removal of some of the anterior bone to allow contained placement and secure fixation within the glenoid vault. Since the scapula is not a fixed skeletal structure and moves substantially on the chest wall, the actual degree of posterior wear (retroversion) frequently is the result of extraneous biomechanical forces and structures. For example, the degree of kyphosis and shape of the rib cage can have a substantial impact on the relative position of the glenoid surface as it articulates with the humerus. Attempts to totally equalise this through implant augmentation have not, to date, been shown to be effective, and in some cases can be destabilising. Restoration of enough alignment to place the implant centrally can be achieved without need for augmentation even in some very hypoplastic glenoids. The technique for this straight-forward approach will be presented, including pre-surgical planning, in some cases, patient specific instrumentation, with demonstration of functional outcomes.
Modeling the temperature dependence of minor hysteresis loops in ferromagnetic materials

This paper presents a new model of minor hysteresis loop and its temperature dependence. Minor hysteresis loops under different temperatures and magnetic field intensities can be acquired by co-simulation between Jiles-Atherton model and Preisach model. First, the temperature-dependent Jiles-Atherton model was established. Second, major hysteresis loop at different temperatures was obtained by modified Jiles-Atherton model. Minor hysteresis loop at different temperature was simulated by Preisach model in the end. The new model for Fe-Si magnetic sheet was established and the results show good agreement between theory and experiment.
Transcriptome analysis reveals potential mechanisms underlying differential heart development in fast- and slow-growing broilers under heat stress.

Modern fast-growing broilers are susceptible to heart failure under heat stress because their relatively small hearts cannot meet increased need of blood pumping. To improve the cardiac tolerance to heat stress in modern broilers through breeding, we need to find the important genes and pathways that contribute to imbalanced cardiac development and frequent occurrence of heat-related heart dysfunction. Two broiler lines – Ross 708 and Illinois – were included in this study as a fast-growing model and a slow-growing model respectively. Each broiler line was separated to two groups at 21 days posthatch. One group was subjected to heat stress treatment in the range of 35–37 °C for 8 h per day, and the other was kept in thermoneutral condition. Body and heart weights were measured at 42 days posthatch, and gene expression in left ventricles were compared between treatments and broiler lines through RNA-seq analysis. Body weight and normalized heart weight were significantly reduced by heat stress only in Ross broilers. RNA-seq results of 44 genes were validated using Biomark assay. A total of 325 differentially expressed (DE) genes were detected between heat stress and thermoneutral in Ross 708 birds, but only 3 in Illinois broilers. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) predicted dramatic changes in multiple cellular activities especially downregulation of cell cycle. Comparison between two lines showed that cell cycle activity is higher in Ross than Illinois in thermoneutral condition but is decreased under heat stress. Among the significant pathways (P < 0.01) listed for different comparisons, “Mitotic Roles of Polo-like Kinases” is always ranked first. The increased susceptibility of modern broilers to cardiac dysfunction under heat stress compared to slow-growing broilers could be due to diminished heart capacity related to reduction in relative heart size. The smaller relative heart size in Ross heat stress group than in Ross thermoneutral group is suggested by the transcriptome analysis to be caused by decreased cell cycle activity and increased apoptosis. The DE genes in RNA-seq analysis and significant pathways in IPA provides potential targets for breeding of heat-tolerant broilers with optimized heart function.
PP141: Benzyl isothiocyanate enhances chemothrerapy and reduces migration and invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells

Purpose Approximately 500,000 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are reported worldwide each year. Despite recent improvements in cancer treatment, the increase in overall survival of advanced HNSCC has not improved in the past three decades. Consequently, our objective is to find new therapeutic options to enhance survival of patients with aggressive HNSCC. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a natural compound found in cruciferous vegetables, is showing promising results in targeting chemoresistant and metastatic HNSCC cells. Materials and methods Cell viability after BITC, cisplatin, and BITC followed by cisplatin treatment was determined using a standard MTT assay. Changes in HNSCC migration were investigated using a wound-healing assay. Boyden Chambers were used to study changes in invasion after BITC treatment of HNSCC cells. Immunofluorescence and Western blots were used to determine changes in expression of vimentin and ALDH1. Results Our current data suggests that BITC enhances sensitivity of HNSCC cell lines to cisplatin after 24, 48, and 72 h. A migration assay indicated that the wound healing of metastatic HNSCC cell lines are inhibited by BITC in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, an invasion assay showed that BITC significantly inhibits HNSCC cell invasion towards the chemoattractant EGF after 20 h, in a dose dependent manner. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis suggest that BITC inhibits the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition marker, vimentin, and putative cancer stem cell marker ALDH1 in the HN12 cell line. Conclusions The present results suggest that BITC may be able to enhance the effect of chemotherapy, while also reducing migration and invasion of HNSCC cells. Thus suggesting that BITC may be a novel adjuvant therapy for patients with aggressive HNSCC.
Moore’s Commitment to Consequentialism

Throughout his writings on ethics, Moore emphasized that judgments about good divide into two types: something may be judged good in itself or judged good as a means; that is, as a cause or necessary condition for the existence of something else that is good in itself. “The nature of these two species of universal ethical judgments is extremely different,” he states in Principia, “and a great part of the difficulties, which are met with in ordinary ethical speculation, are due to the failure to distinguish them clearly” (21, cf. 24). Clarity on this point, Moore contends, is absolutely crucial if one is to analyze and answer otherwise ambiguous questions like “What is our duty under these circumstances?”, “Is it right to act in this way?”, or “What ought we to aim at securing?” To answer such questions, “we must know both what degree of intrinsic value different things have, and how these different things may be obtained” (26).
Adolescent Immigrants in Search of Identity: Clingers, Eradicators, Vacillators and Integrators

This conceptual article explores mechanisms used by adolescent immigrants from the former Soviet Union to cope with issues of identity. Based on her experience in the Russian Adolescents Project of the Jewish Board of Services for Families and Children in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn New York, the writer identifies four patterns of coping with identity issues among immigrant adolescents and discusses individual and social factors that impact on the choice of a coping pattern.
Supporting Our Troops: Library Services and Support for Veterans

Veterans are a unique population that can be found in libraries across the United States. Libraries of all types are developing new approaches to the veterans in their patron populations in the wake of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. This study identifies several common strategies that libraries, especially public and academic libraries, are employing to support their patrons who are veterans, as well as distinctions in strategy according to library type. It further explores whether libraries are relying upon library staff who are veterans when developing services and programming for patrons who are veterans.
Leukemic Cells "Gas Up" Leaky Bone Marrow Blood Vessels.

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Passaro et al. demonstrate how leukemia through aberrant induction of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production trigger marrow vessel leakiness, instigating pro-leukemic function. Disrupted tumor blood vessels promote exhaustion of non-malignant stem and progenitor cells and may facilitate leukemia relapse following chemotherapeutic treatment.
SP0150 Th17 cells drive and regulate tissue inflammation

Recently a subset of interleukin (IL)-17-producing T cells (TH17) distinct from TH1 or TH2 cells was described and shown to have a crucial role in the induction of autoimmune tissue injury. Accumulating data suggests that there are three distinct steps in Th17 differentiation: Induction, Amplification and Stabilization mediated by distinct cytokines. Whereas TGF-b + IL-6 or IL-1 + IL-6 induces them, IL-21 amplifies Th17 cells, IL-23 stabilizes the phenotype of Th17 cells. Loss of any of the cytokines (TGF-β, IL-1, IL-6, IL-21 or IL-23) in the pathway results in a defect in generation of Th17. However not all Th17 cells are pathogenic and induce autoimmunity, IL-23 is a key cytokine that induces pathogenicity in Th17 cells (Lee et al., 2012). Using expression profiling at very high temporal resolution, novel computational algorithms and innovative nano-wire based “knock-down” approaches, we have developed a regulatory network that governs the development of Th17 cells. In addition to high-density temporal microarray analysis, we have performed single-cell RNA-seq of Th17 cells in order to characterize cellular heterogeneity, identify subpopulations, functional states and learn how gene expression variation affects Th17 effector functions. We have identified novel regulators of Th17 cells both in vivo and in vitro that do not affect Th17 differentiation but affect pathogenic vs. non-pathogenic functional states of Th17 cells. Some of the regulators that make Th17 cells non-pathogenic are also utilized by CD8+ T cells to induce T cell “exhaustion” or “dysfunction”. These novel inhibitory molecules cooperate with other known “check-point” co-inhibitory receptors to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Introduction of partial convergence idea into void iteration for boiling water reactor computations

A scheme, which initially requires only partial convergence of the source iteration, is introduced into boiling water reactor (BWR) void feedback iterations. By reducing the number of source iterations within the early void iterations where nuclear parameters are uncertain, the entire iterative procedure is accomplished more efficiently, the computer time is reduced, and final convergence is guaranteed. The scheme has proven very successful in conducting BWR fuel management and control rod programming calculations.
Fischer on Foreknowledge and Explanatory Dependence

I explore several issues raised in John Martin Fischer’s Our Fate: Essays on God and Free Will. First I discuss whether an approach to the problem of freedom and foreknowledge that appeals directly to the claim that God’s beliefs depend on the future is importantly different from Ockhamism. I suggest that this dependence approach has advantages over Ockhamism. I also argue that this approach gives us good reason to reject the claim that the past is fixed. Finally, I discuss Fischer’s proposal regarding God’s knowledge of future contingents. I suggest that it may be able to secure comprehensive foreknowledge.
Rapture and Horror: A Phenomenology of Theatrical Invisibility in Macbeth: The South-Central Renaissance Conference 2017 William B. Hunter Lecture

Macbeth is arguably Shakespeare’s greatest experiment in the phenomenology of horrible imaginings. For all of its visible supernatural trappings, Macbeth is a play radically steeped in the invisible, which exerts a gravitational force on all aspects of performance. The phantom dagger, King Duncan’s slain body, Lady Macbeth’s murky hell—these unseen supernatural sights are as phenomenologically palpable and horrifying in the theater as the weird sisters are. Invisible elements of the play’s world permeate the visible, producing a pervasive sense of unease, dread, and horror in the theater. The experience of horror co-exists with another strongly felt experience, that of rapture, which arises especially in moments when the Macbeths are fascinated with invisible phenomena and enter into trance-like states of deep absorption, ecstasy, and madness.
1713d Occupational exposure to solvents and risk of parkinson disease in finland

Background Prior epidemiologic and animal studies indicate that occupational exposure to solvents, particularly trichloroethylene, may increase risk of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods We constructed a population-based case-control study of incident PD in Finland using a medication database maintained by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland, along with the Population Information System, which includes census records for all Finnish residents. PD cases were diagnosed (first approved to receive PD medications) between 1995–2014. We randomly selected controls from the underlying population while matching on diagnosis year, birth year (1930–1950), and sex. Individual occupational census data from 1990, allowing for a minimum of five years of exposure lagging, were available for 11,757 PD cases and 23 236 controls. These data were linked to the Finnish Job Exposure Matrix (FINJEM) to identify potential for occupational exposure to four classes of solvents. We estimated PD-solvent odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression, while adjusting for matching variables and socioeconomic status as a proxy for tobacco smoking. Results Cases and controls were age 45–89 years at diagnosis/reference and age 40–60 years at occupational exposure assessment. There was no evidence that PD was associated with occupational exposure to solvents overall (19% cases and 20% controls), or to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents in particular, with ORs very close to null. In contrast, there was a modestly higher PD risk in relation to exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, most notably trichloroethylene (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.26). Occupation as a mechanic (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.49) or as an electronic or telecommunications worker (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.54) contributed to this association. Conclusion Consistent with prior literature, occupational exposure to tricholoethylene may at least modestly increase risk of PD.
How humble is your company culture? And, why does it matter?

Abstract Humility as a virtue of leadership has attracted increased attention in recent years. We introduce the concept of a humble organizational culture and define it as a culture that promotes humility as a key success factor and a source of competitive advantage, and one that institutionalizes six values and norms: (1) employee development, (2) mistake tolerance, (3) transparency, (4) accurate awareness, (5) recognition, and (6) openness. We position a company culture of humility as key to extraordinary success in the marketplace. Humility in individuals includes a willingness to see the self accurately and a propensity to put oneself and others in perspective. In this article, we offer a set of recommendations to help executives build a company culture of humility that supports the six behavioral norms and values that create the foundation for a firm’s competitive advantage. We collected information on organizational cultures of humility for a sample of Fortune 500 firms using data from company mission statements, company websites, and news articles.
A thermo-economic analysis of a combined cooling system for air conditioning and low to medium temperature refrigeration

Abstract This work investigates an integrated dual temperature system for combined air conditioning and low to medium temperature refrigeration applications (−40 °C to −10 °C). The system combines a steam driven parallel flow triple effect H2O–LiBr absorption cooling cycle with a CO2 refrigeration cycle. In this integrated system, the generated cooling effect by the H2O–LiBr absorption cycle is utilized in two different evaporators connected in series: the first evaporator as a heat sink or condenser for the CO2 refrigeration cycle, and the second evaporator as a regular evaporator for the absorption cycle. The system performance was evaluated from thermodynamic and economic viewpoints, and also detailed parametric studies were conducted. The integration of cycles assisted to significantly decrease the power requirements and annual operating cost of the CO2 refrigeration cycle as well as to increase its coefficient of performance. On the other hand, integration required a larger size absorption cooling cycle with a higher steam requirement, leading to an increase of the total capital cost and annual operating cost as well as a decrease of coefficient of performance of the absorption cycle. The economic analysis showed that integration causes a significant reduction in the annual operating cost and the unit production cost compared to the separate construction of both cycles. For the specified design and operating conditions, the annual operating cost and unit production cost of the integrated system reduced between 35.5% and 48.5% as well as between 23.4% and 34.5%, respectively.
Longitudinal analyses of educational outcomes for youth transitioning out of care in the US: trends and influential factors

ABSTRACTThis paper draws on data collected from two of the most extensive longitudinal studies of care leavers in the US. The Midwest Study (2003–2011) included 732 youths in foster care in three M...
Host Environment Determines the Development of Gvhd but Not the Extent of Activation and Expansion of Gvh-Reactive CD4 T Cells

Transfer of small numbers of naive allogeneic T cells into freshly irradiated (FI) mice leads to severe, lethal GVHD. In contrast, when large numbers of naive donor T cells are transferred as delayed donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) given to established mixed hematopoietic chimeras (MC), a GVH reaction limited to the lymphohematopoietic system (LHGVHR) occurs and does not lead to GVHD. A similar phenomenon can occur when DLI are given to patients in whom mixed chimerism is established with non-myeloablative conditioning. LHGVHR without GVHD across MHC barriers provides an approach to separating GVL and GVHD and an understanding of this phenomenon will be essential to optimize its clinical application. We have previously shown that directly GVH-alloreactive CD8 T cells injected into FI mice or in delayed DLI given to MC show rapid proliferation and accumulation in lymphoid organs and similar modification of homing receptors, but with different kinetics in each type of recipient. However, GVH-reactive CD8 T cells traffic to and accumulate in the epithelial GVHD target tissues only in FI mice and not in MC. In order to determine the influence of the host environment on CD4-mediated GVH responses, we compared the expansion and activation of GVH-reactive CD4 T cells specific for recipient minor (mHA) and MHC antigens in the presence of a full haplotype mismatch (B6→B6D2F1) in MC and FI mice. With a non-myeloablative protocol, we established B6→B6D2F1 MC in transgenic B6D2F1 recipients expressing membrane-bound chicken ovalbumin (OVA-B6D2F1). Six weeks later, a group of MC and a group of OVA-B6D2F1 mice lethally irradiated on the same day received 10 6 OTII CD4 T cells (specific for OVA peptide 323-339/IA b , representing a mHA) along with 10 7 polyclonal B6 splenocytes to preserve the strong polyclonal response. FI mice also received B6 bone marrow cells (BMC) to prevent death from aplasia. Activation of OTII CD4 T cells was similar in both MC and FI mice, with no statistically significant differences in the increase in CD44 (average median fluorescence intensity [MFI] 245 and 235, respectively), %CD69+ (average 52% in MC and 36% in FI) and %CD25+ cells (average 18% in MC and 20% in FI) and downregulation of CD62L (average 18% positive in MC and 10% in FI). These changes occurred as early as day 3 in FI mice and were delayed to day 6 in MC. On day 6, OTII CD4 T cells accumulated to a 5-fold greater extent in spleens of MC compared to FI mice (mean±SD of 1.47±0.12 × 10 6 in MC vs 0.30±0.03×10 6 in FI; p 6 OTII CD4 T cells (non-specific T cells in this model because they do not recognize any recipient antigen), 10 6 4C TCR transgenic CD4 T cells (directly alloreactive for recipient IA d class-II antigen) and 10 7 polyclonal B6 spleen cells was injected into MC and FI B6D2F1 mice that also received B6 BMC. On Days 6 and 9, greater accumulation of 4C CD4 T cells compared to OTII CD4 T cells (p
Indentation fracture behavior of energetic and inert molecular crystals

Measuring the elastic and plastic properties with nanoindentation is predicated on the indentation not fracturing the material. In this study, an unloading curve analysis is used to identify indentation-induced fracture in brittle molecular organic crystals to define conditions, where properties measurements are accurate, and for calculating the toughness. Single crystals of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) and idoxuridine were indented from 1 to 300 mN with indenter probes of varying acuity to identify fracture initiation loads. Idoxuridine displayed no fracture up to and at 100 mN, with fracture occurrence then seen at an increasing rate until every indentation made induced fracture at 300 mN. HMX displayed no fracture up to and at 4 mN, with fracture then occurring at an increasing rate until every sample fractured at 8 mN. The toughness of HMX and idoxuridine is ≈0.28 ≈ 0.4–0.5 MPa/m1/2, respectively.
Anti-phase cocontraction practice attenuates in-phase low-frequency oscillations between antagonistic muscles as assessed with phase coherence.

Voluntary contraction of skeletal muscles involves common in-phase neural oscillations in low frequencies (around 1–2 Hz) across muscles. The purpose of this study was to determine if anti-phase antagonistic cocontraction practice can attenuate the occurrence of in-phase low-frequency oscillations in antagonistic muscle activity. For this purpose, we determined the probability density function of phase coherence in surface electromyogram (EMG) between antagonistic muscles. Healthy young adults were assigned to one of three intervention groups. They performed an isometric transient and steady cocontraction test with elbow flexors and extensors before and after a session of distinct intervention. In the Cocontraction group, subjects practiced alternating anti-phase isometric cocontraction with the flexors and extensors concurrently. In the Contraction group, subjects practiced alternating isometric contraction levels with flexors or extensors independently. Subjects in the Control group did not perform motor practice. The occurrence of in-phase coherence < 3 Hz during the cocontraction test (including transient and steady portions) was determined from the probability density function of phase coherence in rectified EMG between pairs of elbow flexor and extensor muscles. The change in the probability of in-phase coherence after the intervention period was greatest in the Cocontraction group, followed by Contraction group, and then Control group, on average. The Cocontraction group showed significantly greater reductions than the Control group across the cocontraction test portions. The results suggest that a session of anti-phase cocontraction practice can consistently attenuate the occurrence of in-phase low-frequency oscillations between cocontracting antagonistic muscles across steady and non-steady cocontractions in healthy young adults.
Indigenous stewardship of marine and estuarine fisheries?: Reconstructing the ancient size of Pacific herring through linear regression models

Abstract Linear regression models constructed from modern fish skeletal collections and applied to archaeological fish remains have a long history in archaeological practice. These data are often employed by researchers to understand ancient human impacts on ichthyofaunas, to consider changes in fishing technologies and techniques, and the effects of environmental change. In this study, I build and apply linear regression formulae of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), a keystone and umbrella forage fish to faunal materials from Point Reyes National Seashore on the central California coast, which date to the Late Holocene. Through the application of these formulae to archaeological Pacific herring skeletal elements, I reconstruct the standard length of ancient Pacific herring. The findings are compared to Pacific herring standard length data gathered by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife within Point Reyes and Bodega Bay. These data suggest that Coast Miwok fishers may have used standardized net mesh size to capture Pacific herring selectively. These findings are consistent with expectations from the indigenous coastal management and ecological literature.
The individual stem student in context: Idiographic methods for understanding self-knowledge and intraindividual patterns of self-efficacy appraisal

This study aimed to identify elements of personal knowledge that were hypothesized to underlie within-person, across-context variations in students’ appraisals of self-efficacy for coping with challenges encountered in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. Freshman in a college of engineering completed assessments of (a) 4 elements of personal knowledge regarding themselves and their educational resources; (b) their subjective beliefs about links between these 4 personal and social qualities and each of 32 specific educational challenges; and (c) perceived self-efficacy for successfully handling each of the 32 challenges. Individual students’ self-efficacy appraisals commonly varied substantially within-person, across contexts. This variability was predictable. Students displayed relatively high (low) self-efficacy within subsets of situations they subjectively linked to positively (negatively) valenced knowledge that they possessed, a finding consistent with the knowledge-and-appraisal model of personality architecture that guided the research. Additional analyses demonstrated that students with similar overall academic self-efficacy scores may display markedly different profiles of self-efficacy appraisal across context. Students’ narrative accounts enriched understanding of these profile patterns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Improved models for the prediction of asphalt binder dynamic shear modulus and phase angle

Abstract In this paper, new set of models for predicting the dynamic shear modulus and phase angle of asphalt binders from conventional viscosity are developed and presented. Based on theoretical considerations, suitable forms of general logistic functions are introduced to develop new models for binder dynamic shear modulus and phase angle over a wide range of temperature and loading conditions. A nonlinear optimization technique based on the Nelder-Mead optimization method is used to obtain the coefficients for the new binder dynamic shear modulus and phase angle models. The experimental binder testing database consisting of dynamic shear modulus, phase angle, frequency, viscosity measurements of thirty-two (32) unmodified and nine (9) modified binders from different sources is used in the study. A total of 7, 120 binder data points are used for the model development, evaluation and validation. The new models deliver very accurate prediction of the binder dynamic shear modulus and phase angle from the conventional steady-state viscosity indicated by very high goodness of fit using 7,120 binder data points. A new parameter termed the “reduced viscosity” is identified which produces a smooth continuous function of the binder phase angle for both modified and unmodified binders using a single viscosity shift factor. The reduced viscosity is considered as the independent variable in the new dynamic shear modulus and phase angle predictive models.
151 Community-level variation in child restraint system use among children involved in motor vehicle crashes

Purpose Prior studies have found disparities in child restraint system (CRS) use by individual-level factors like race/ethnicity and income. However, it is unclear if CRS use varies at the community level, which can directly inform effective implementation of resources (e.g., check-points). We determined how rates of CRS use among crash-involved drivers were associated with community-level indicators of race/ethnicity and income. Methods We utilized the New Jersey Safety and Health Outcomes warehouse—which includes individual-level statewide data on police-reported crashes—to identify all drivers involved in a crash in 2014 who were carrying child occupants Results The proportion of crash-involved drivers who had all child occupants in CRS’s varied substantially by community-level indicators. 58.0% of crash-involved drivers residing in census tracts with the greatest proportion of minority residents had all children in CRS’s compared with 79.1% of drivers residing in tracts with highest proportions of non-Hispanic white residents (p Conclusion There appears to be disparities in CRS use across communities, similar to other health behaviors. Future research should aim to better understand the relative contribution of and relationship between individual (e.g., income) and community level (e.g., social norms) influences on CRS use. Significance of Contributions This project is the first to use statewide crash data to describe community-level CRS use. Results will be utilized to evaluate whether current community-based CRS resources are distributed in an equitable way that prioritizes highest-risk communities.
Efficient and Low-Complexity Iterative Detectors for 5G Massive MIMO Systems

The global bandwidth shortage in the wireless communication sector has motivated the study and exploration of sub-6 GHz wireless access technology known as massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). Massive MIMO groups together antennas at both transmitter and the receiver to provide high spectral and energy efficiency. Although massive MIMO provides enormous benefits, it has to overcome some fundamental implementation issues before it can be implemented for 5G networks. One of the fundamental issues in Massive MIMO systems is uplink signal detection, which becomes inefficient and computationally complex with a larger number of antennas. In this paper, we propose three iterative algorithms to address the issues of uplink signal detection in massive MIMO systems. The simulation results, compared to the traditional detection algorithms, show that the proposed iterative massive MIMO uplink signal detection algorithms are computationally efficient and can achieve near-optimal Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. Additionally, we propose novel hardware architectures for the proposed detection algorithms to identify the required physical components and their interrelationships.
Diffusion-Controlled Porous Crystalline Silicon Lithium Metal Batteries

Summary Nanostructured porous silicon materials have recently advanced as hosts for Li-metal plating. However, limitations involve detrimental silicon self-pulverization, Li-dendrites, and the ability to achieve wafer-level integration of non-composite, pure silicon anodes. compo. Herein, full cells featuring low-resistance, wafer-scale porous crystalline silicon (PCS) anodes are embedded with a nanoporous Li-plating and diffusion-regulating surface layer upon combined wafer surface cleaning (SC) and anodization. LL Lithiophilic surface formation is illustrated via correlation of surface groups and X-ray structure. Low-cost SC-PCS anodes require no composite formulation, and pre-lithiation enables sustainable Li-metal plating/stripping on the lithiophilic surface and in SC-PCS bulk nanostructure. Anodization time and C-rate determined competitive full cell performance: NMC811 | 4800 s SC-PCS: 195 mAh/g (99.9% coulombic efficiency [C.E.], C/3, 50 cycles), 165 mAh/g, 587 Wh/kg (97.1% C.E., C/3 and C/2 rate, 350 cycles), 24 Ω∗cm2 SC-PCS-resistivity (900 cycles); 160 μm LCO | 500 s SC-PCS: 102 mAh/g (94.1% C.E., 1C, 350 cycles).
Antibiotics for Prophylaxis in the Setting of Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes

"For many years, providers have been using antibiotics to prevent infection in women who present with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Given the polymicrobial nature of intra-amniotic infection, the recommended regimen includes a 7-day course of ampicillin and erythromycin, although many substitute of azithromycin. This regimen is used from viability to 34 weeks, independent of the number of fetuses present. Meta-analyses have shown that antibiotics for this indication are associated with lower rates of maternal and fetal infection, as well as longer pregnancy latency. Thus, latency antibiotics are recommended for all women with PPROM through 34 weeks of gestation."
Interaction between Discs large and Pins/LGN/GPSM2: a comparison across species.

The orientation of the mitotic spindle determines the direction of cell division, and therefore contributes to tissue shape and cell fate. Interaction between the multifunctional scaffolding protein Discs large (Dlg) and the canonical spindle orienting factor GPSM2 (called Pins in Drosophila and LGN in vertebrates) has been established in bilaterian models, but its function remains unclear. We used a phylogenetic approach to test whether the interaction is obligate in animals, and in particular whether Pins/LGN/GPSM2 evolved in multicellular organisms as a Dlg-binding protein. We show that Dlg diverged in C. elegans and the syncytial sponge O. minuta and propose that this divergence may correspond to differences in spindle orientation requirements between these organisms and the canonical pathways described in bilaterians. We also demonstrate that Pins/LGN/GPSM2 is present in basal animals, but the established Dlg-interaction site cannot be found in either Placozoa or Porifera. Our results suggest that the interaction between Pins/LGN/GPSM2 and Dlg appeared in Cnidaria, and we therefore speculate that it may have evolved to promote accurate division orientation in the nervous system. This work reveals the evolutionary history of the Pins/LGN/GPSM2-Dlg interaction and suggests new possibilities for its importance in spindle orientation during epithelial and neural tissue development.
The potential of smart home technology for improving healthcare: A scoping review and reflexive thematic analysis

As aging populations grow and contribute to rising healthcare costs, policymakers and scholars recognize the need for technological solutions that reduce the costs of public service delivery. Smart...
Uncommon Tumors and Uncommon Presentations of Cancer in the Breast

The purpose is to present a case series of rare diagnoses and unusual presentations of breast lesions with radiologic-pathologic correlation from a major cancer center, and to review the recent literature on each entity with a focus on radiology-pathology concordance. We present our findings and experience from cases of metastatic small cell lung carcinoma to the breast, IgG-4-related breast disease, breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, granular cell tumor, pleomorphic sarcoma, adenomyoepithelioma, postradiation angiosarcoma, and breast carcinoma after risk-reducing total mastectomy. It is essential for physicians to have knowledge of rare breast diagnoses and unusual breast disease presentations to formulate a complete differential diagnosis, recognize radiological-pathological concordance of these entities, and provide appropriate patient care. Current literature on these rare described entities exists mainly as case reports, case series, and small-scale studies. By sharing our findings, we hope to educate trainees in radiology, pathology, and other fields across the continuum of care in radiologic-pathologic correlation, while also augmenting the existing literature on these rare entities.
From Light to Life

The biogeochemical cycles of H, C, N, O and S are coupled via biologically catalyzed electron transfer (redox) reactions far from thermodynamic equilibrium. In this paper I examine the evolution of the structural motifs responsible for redox reactions (the biological “transistors”) across the tree of life, and the photogeochemical reactions on minerals that ultimately came to be the driving force for these biological reactions.