cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Occupational Therapy: by Nancy Carson, 304 page softcover, Elsevier, 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd., Ste. 1800, Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899. Price: $66.99. ISBN: 9780323089821

Psychosocial Occupational Therapy by Carson (2020) is an excellent quick reference text for new practitioners or those new to working in the field of mental health occupational therapy. Carson (202...
On-Treatment Changes in Gross Tumor Volume of Pediatric Parameningeal Rhabdomyosarcoma Treated With Upfront Proton Therapy.

Purpose/objective(s) To characterize the time trends of on-treatment morphologic change in pediatric parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma treated with upfront proton therapy and examine the feasibility of identifying patients who may benefit from on-treatment CT/MRI to address significant changes. Materials/methods We retrospectively analyzed 69 pretreatment and weekly on-treatment MRI as well as simulation and repeat CT acquired from 10 patients (aged 1 - 21 years) with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma, who were treated with chemotherapy and upfront proton therapy in a prospective trial. A radiation oncologist delineated GTV on each MRI by modifying the GTV contour from the initial simulation MRI (reference). Longitudinal changes in the volume and surface of GTV from the reference GTV were quantified to examine the feasibility of predicting the on-treatment behavior. The surface displacement was measured by the 90% Hausdorff distance. We investigated the association between the pattern grouping and the clinical need for repeat CT and/or replanning as well as potential image features of simulation CT in differentiating the groups. Results The median time was 6.5 days from the start of chemotherapy to CT/MR simulation (ranged -6 to 12 days) and 14 days from simulation to the start of proton therapy (ranged 6 to 21 days). Most (8/10) patients showed continuously decreasing trends in GTV from the simulation (slope, 0.13 - 0.88 %/day), except for two whose GTV reduced only after the start of proton therapy. The GTV reduction was > 20% in 6 patients, which occurred in 13 - 31 days from the simulation, while it was 3 mm) than those in the other group ( Conclusion The early significant GTV change is common in pediatric parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma receiving upfront proton therapy, which often needs repeat CT for dose recalculation and even adaptive replanning. Image features reflecting bone content and shape of the initial GTV appear promising for predicting the extent of GTV reduction.
Mycobacterium kansasii (Hauduroy)

This organism was first fully described as a distinct mycobacterium by Hauduroy, and it is now fully accepted as a species.450 Bonicke’s amidase tests reveal enzymes effective only against urea and nicotinamide,33 a finding fully verified by others.162,366 A distinctive set of lipases,366 serotyping,167 and phage typing167 further establish the organism as a distinct species. For other bacteriological characteristics, see Table 2-1.
Literature and Favoritism in Early Modern England: Amici principis : imagining the good favorite

The best-known literary treatments of favoritism that survive from the English Renaissance conceive of royal favorites as agents of socio-political corruption. Most contemporary observers, however, would presumably have accepted, in principle at least, that the bestowal of favor was part of the royal prerogative and that favoritism was therefore a normal aspect of functional monarchy. And since the classical humanist language of friendship authorized an idea of public service in which amici principis provided much-needed counsel, the personal favor of kings could also be regarded as a politically valuable feature of court life. Antonio Feros has argued that this positive notion of favoritism was less prevalent in England than on the continent, but certainly the idea that royal favoritism was normal – and possibly useful – was available in England as well. It should come as no surprise, then, that a significant number of Tudor and early Stuart fictions feature intimate royal favorites who are heroic or virtuous, wise counselors and sound administrators, the very antitheses of the poisonous, scheming, and parasitical favorites who seem otherwise to predominate in the culture's political imagination. Because royal favoritism raises concerns about the role of personal intimacy in the governing of the commonwealth, positive constructions of the institution tend to rely, implicitly or explicitly, upon a classical language of friendship that helped justify the personal nature of a range of politically important relationships in pre-bureaucratic Europe.
Proper Supervision: Parachute Activities in Physical Education Class

A lawsuit was filed alleging that negligence on the part of Victor Hurtuk, a physical education teacher, led to Sara Whittemore's falling on her upper back from a height of approximately four feet during a “levitation” parachute activity in physical education class.
Mortality Predictors in Bacterial Meningitis Patients who developed Hydrocephalus (P5.050)

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of mortality in bacterial meningitis who developed hydrocephalus. BACKGROUND: Hydrocephalus is a major complication of bacterial meningitis and can increase mortality. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective search of Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was done to identify patients with primary diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (ICD-9 code 320.x, 320.xx) who also had hydrocephalus (ICD-9 codes 331.3, 331.4). Patients with secondary diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, brain tumor or brain metastasis were excluded in order to minimize nosocomial and iatrogenic bacterial meningitis cases from the sample. Complications were identified using their respective ICD-9 codes. Patients who underwent ventriculostomy were identified (ICD-9-CM procedure code 02.2). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of mortality. RESULTS: Total 333 patients with bacterial meningitis who had hydrocephalus were found from year 2000 to 2011. Out of which 97 (29.1[percnt]) required ventriculostomy. There were 62 (18.7[percnt]) inpatient deaths. In multivariate analysis, every decade increase in age, ischemic stroke, respiratory failure and requirement of ventriculostomy were significant predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective analysis, we found that every decade increase in age, ischemic stroke, respiratory failure and requirement of ventriculostomy were significant predictors of mortality in patients of bacterial meningitis who developed hydrocephalus. Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Irshad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Modi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Naqvi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dharaiya has nothing to disclose.
89Zr J591 immunoPET imaging in patients with prostate cancer

287 Objectives A pilot study was performed in 10 patients using 89Zr-labeled J591, an anti PSMA antibody. Serial PET/CT imaging to evaluate biodistribution, kinetics, radiation dosimetry and lesion detectability. Methods Ten patients received 5 mCi/ 2mg of 89Zr J591 with 23 mg of unlabeled antibody. Four whole body PET/CT scans, serial serum samples and whole body counts were obtained. Data were analyzed for normal tissue uptake distribution, lesion targeting, serum and whole body clearance rates and radiation absorbed dose estimates. Results Both skeletal and soft tissue disease was targeted, with a total of 198 lesions detected in 10 patients by 89Zr J591. Mean biological half lives for bi-exponential serum clearance were 7 ± 4.5h (12.3 %/L) and 62 ±13h (17.8 %/L); mean biological half-life for mono-exponential whole body clearance was 219 ± 48h. Mean residence times in whole body, liver and kidney were 79, 26 and 2.0 hr respectively with absorbed dose estimates of 7.7 ± 1.5, 3.5 ± 0.4 and 1.2 ± 0.2 cGy/mCi to liver, kidney and red marrow respectively. Eight of 10 patients had biopsies on a total of 12 lesions of which 11 were 89ZrJ591 positive. All 89ZrJ591 positive lesions were histologically confirmed as prostate cancer. Two 89ZrJ591 positive sites were biopsy-confirmed occult disease. In two patients, nodal disease was identified by 89ZrJ591scans only whereas other imaging (FDG and CT) was negative. Optimal time for imaging based on tumor to background ratios was 7 ± 1 days. Conclusions 89ZrJ591 PET/CT imaging shows excellent targeting of protate cancer lesions. A larger trial is planned to confirm these findings. Research Support Starr consortium grant
Vulnerable Youth and Transitions to Adulthood

This chapter focuses on vulnerable youth, the challenges they face during their transitions to adulthood, and the adverse effects of limited support systems on those transitions. The authors offer recommendations on how adult educators can help facilitate smooth transitions into adulthood for vulnerable youth.
Variability in respiratory rhythm generation: In vitro and in silico models

The variability inherent in physiological rhythms is disruptive in extremis (too great or too little) but may also serve a functional and important role in homeostatic systems. Here we focus on the neural control of respiration which is critical for survival in many animals. The overall respiratory control system is comprised of multiple nuclei, each of which may have different contributions to rhythm variability. We focused on the pre-Botzinger complex (preBotC) which is unique in that it can be studied in vitro as an isolated nucleus with autorhythmic behavior. The in vitro results show a bounded range of variability in which the upper and lower limits are functions of the respiratory rate. In addition, the correlation between variability and respiratory rate changes during development. We observed a weaker correlation in younger animals (0–3 days old) as compared to older animals (4–5 days old). Based on experimental observations, we developed a computational model that can be embedded in more comprehensive models of respiratory and cardiovascular autonomic control. Our simulation results successfully reproduce the variability we observed experimentally. The in silico model suggests that age-dependent variability may be due to a developmental increase in mean synaptic conductance between preBotC neurons. We also used simulations to explore the effects of stochastic spiking in sensory relay neurons. Our results suggest that stochastic spiking may actually stabilize modulation of both respiratory rate and its variability when the rate changes due to physiological demand.
Laser induced Highly Nonlinear Solitary Waves for structural NDE

This paper describes the generation and propagation of highly nonlinear solitary waves (HNSWs) in a chain of steel beads excited by means of laser pulses. Ablative generation of mechanical stress was induced on the bead at one end of the chain in order to enhance the amplitude of the stress waves generated. Compared to the use of a mechanical striker, the laser-based generation of stress waves is fully non-contact and allows for the broadest energy spectrum. In this study the amplitude, duration, and velocity of the solitary waves propagating along the chain of beads as a function of the laser pulse energy is investigated. Moreover the application of HNSW as a pulse generator for the NDE of bulk structures is shown.
Mafias on the move: how organized crime conquers new territories, by Federico Varese, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2011, 201 pp., $24.95 (pbk), $39.95(hbk), ISBN 978-0-691-15801-3

Federico Varese’s Mafias on the Move: How Organized Crime Conquers New Territories provides a thorough analysis of the transplantation of mafias in an increasingly globalized world. He discusses ca...
Evolution de la technologie des turbines " bulbe " appliquée aux petites centrales

The small bulb technology was born in the early thirties, based on the swiss company Escher Wyss patents, and applied during the following years on numerous low head sites, mainly in the south of Bavaria. The technology progresses faced some difficulties due to the generator cooling system. In the early fifties, the French engineers try to solve these problems and imagine a new oil cooling system. With this new approach, tens of small output sites were equipped. In the meantime, the big bulbs were developed. especially for tidal and large discharge applications. But in the recent years, the high costs of direct coupled low speed generator have led the manufacturers to install speed increasers. The present renewal of interest for small hydro should constitute a new impulse for this kind of units, if acceptable solutions can be found to remove the speed increaser on an economical basis. Considering the environmental criteria growing importance, the small bulb turbine would become an ideal tool for low head applications.
Effect of urea inclusion in diets containing corn dried distillers grains on feedlot cattle performance, carcass characteristics, ruminal fermentation, total tract digestibility, and purine derivatives-to-creatinine index

Increased availability of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates and a great proportion of corn-derived CP in the diet may result in a degradable intake protein (DIP) deficit. Therefore, ruminal DIP deficit may result from high dietary inclusion of processed corn grain and small to moderate inclusion of corn distillers grains (DG). Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary DIP concentration through the inclusion of urea on feedlot cattle performance, carcass characteristics, ruminal fermentation, total tract digestibility, and purine derivatives-to-creatinine (PDC) index. In Exp. 1, 42 steers (428 ± 5 kg initial BW) were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 diets containing (DM basis) 0 (control [CON]), 0.4 (low urea [LU]), or 0.6% urea (high urea [HU]) to provide 6.4, 7.5, or 8.0% dietary DIP, respectively, and 12% high-moisture corn (HMC), 20% corn dried DG with solubles (DDGS), 10% ryegrass haylage, 2.9% dry supplement, and dry-rolled corn (DRC). Steers were fed ad libitum once daily using a Calan gate system. Carcass-adjusted final BW and DMI were similar among treatments (P ≥ 0.58). Carcass-adjusted ADG was greater (P ≤ 0.04) for the HU diet compared with the LU and CON diets and was similar (P = 0.73) between the LU and CON diets. Carcass-adjusted G:F was greater (P = 0.03) for the HU diet compared with the LU diet, tended (P = 0.09) to be greater compared with the CON diet, and was similar (P = 0.61) between the LU and CON diets. Carcass characteristics were similar (P ≥ 0.34) among treatments. In Exp. 2, 4 ruminally cannulated steers (347 ± 18 kg initial BW) were randomly assigned to a replicated 2 × 2 Latin square design. Steers were fed the same CON or HU diet used in Exp. 1 ad libitum once daily. Differences in the PDC index were used as indicators of differences in microbial CP synthesis. Ruminal pH, OM intake, and starch and CP digestibility were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.13). Digestibility of OM and NDF and ruminal concentration of ammonia-N and total VFA were greater (P ≤ 0.04) for the HU diet compared with the CON diet. The PDC index was similar (P = 0.81) between treatments at 2 h before feed delivery: 4% lower and 14% greater for the HU diet compared with the CON diet at 4 and 10 h after feed delivery, respectively (P < 0.01). These results suggest that, due to limited DIP supplied by a DRC- and HMC-based feedlot diet containing 20% DDGS, urea supplementation resulted in improved ruminal fermentation and feed digestibility, which may explain the concurrently improved cattle performance.
Non-null full field X-ray mirror metrology using SCOTS: a reflection deflectometry approach

In a previous paper, the University of Arizona (UA) has developed a measurement technique called: Software Configurable Optical Test System (SCOTS) based on the principle of reflection deflectometry. In this paper, we present results of this very efficient optical metrology method applied to the metrology of X-ray mirrors. We used this technique to measure surface slope errors with precision and accuracy better than 100 nrad (rms) and ~200 nrad (rms), respectively, with a lateral resolution of few mm or less. We present results of the calibration of the metrology systems, discuss their accuracy and address the precision in measuring a spherical mirror.
Two's Company, Three's an Equilibrium: Strategic Voting and Multicandidate Elections

In this paper, we characterize equilibria in games of electoral competition between three or more office-seeking candidates. Recognizing that electoral equilibrium involves both candidates' and voters' strategies, we first prove existence of pure strategy electoral equilibria when candidates seek to maximize their vote share. Accordingly, the main difficulty with electoral equilibria is multiplicity. We prove that, even after restricting attention to subgame perfect Nash equilibria in weakly undominated strategies, the set of electoral equilibria is very large. We provide several characterizations of candidates' equilibrium platforms, including a set of conditions under which equilibrium platforms are located in the minmax set. We also examine welfare implications of the results as well as connections between the noncooperative equilibria and the uncovered set.
Sibling relatedness and social play in juvenile ground squirrels

We described the relationship between relatedness as full or maternal half siblings and expression of social play and other social behaviors in juvenile Belding’s ground squirrel (Urocitellus beldingi) litters and evaluated the possible role of play in establishing social bonds between juvenile females. We used microsatellite analysis to determine relatedness. Juvenile females did not interact preferentially with full over half siblings, suggesting that they may form bonds equally with full and half sisters. The probability that females will have a surviving full sister beyond the juvenile period may be low in U. beldingi, and establishing a cooperative relationship with a half sister may sometimes be the best available option in adulthood. As the proportion of females within litters increased, rates of play decreased, suggesting that low social play may be adequate for social bonding among females. Among juvenile male U. beldingi, play bouts lasted longer between full than half brothers; however, juvenile males did not interact preferentially with full brothers in play or other social interactions. Body mass differences were smaller between full than half brothers, and in both full and half brother pairings, play bouts lasted longest when body mass differences were small. Because male U. beldingi do not ordinarily interact with littermate siblings after emigrating from the natal area, it is unlikely that play behavior functions to establish long-term social bonds between full brothers. Rather, young males may favor play interactions with phenotypically similar partners who can provide optimal challenges in interactions that promote motor development.
The process of architecting for software/system engineering

With the advent of potent network technology, software/system engineering has evolved from a traditional platform-centric focus into a network-centric paradigm where the ‘system of systems’ perspective has been the norm. Under this paradigm, architecting has become a critical process in the life cycle of software/system engineering. The need for a structured description of the architecting process is undeniable. This paper fulfils that need and provides a structured description of the process of architecting a software-based network-centric system of systems. The architecting process is described using a set of goals that are specific to architecting, and the associated specific practices that enable the realisation of these goals. The architecting process description presented herein is intended to guide the software/system architects.
Metabolism of asialotranscortin by hepatocytes and cortisol binding to hepatocytes.

Binding and catabolism of iodinated human transcortin and asialotranscortin were studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. Human transcortin binding to hepatocytes was very low (< 3%) while 40–60% of the asialotranscortin bound to the hepatocytes, Asialofetuin inhibited asialotranscortin binding to hepatocytes, producing 50% inhibition of binding at 5 × 10−9M, but had no effect on transcortin binding. The lysosomal inhibitors leupeptin (0.05 mM) and ammonium chloride (10 mM) had no effect on asialotranscortin binding but prevented the latter's catabolism, suggesting lysosomal involvement in asialotranscortin degradation. Both transcortin and asialotranscortin inhibited the binding of [3H]Cortisol to the hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner.
Vitronectin receptors are expressed by macaque trophoblast cells and play a role in migration and adhesion to endothelium.

Abstract The objective of this work was to develop an in vitro system that would extend the usefulness of the macaque as a model for studying trophoblast invasion and spiral artery modification. We sought to determine whether trophoblast cells isolated from early gestation macaque placentas expressed vitronectin receptors and tested the idea that these receptors play a role in trophoblast migration and adhesion. Cytotrophoblast cells were isolated from 40–100 day macaque placentas, cultured, and characterized by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The cells expressed αV, β3, and β1 integrins on their surfaces. Immunohistochemical analysis of early gestation placentas and decidua basalis confirmed that intravascular trophoblast cells express αVβ3/β5. Using migration chambers we found that the trophoblast cells migrated towards vitronectin but not towards bovine serum albumin. This specific migration was blocked by preincubating the trophoblast cells with anti-vitronectin receptor (αVβ3/β5) antibodies. In other experiments, macaque trophoblast cells adhered to myometrial endothelial cells in a time-dependent manner and adhesion was significantly blocked by antibodies against αVβ3/β5 integrin. The results suggest that vitronectin receptors expressed by macaque trophoblast cells play a role in the migratory activity of these cells and may also be important in mediating attachment to endothelium.
A Comparative Study of the Values of a Group of Ministers and two Groups of Laymen

(1951). A Comparative Study of the Values of a Group of Ministers and two Groups of Laymen. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 225-235.
Limit Pressure for a Protruding Cylindrical Nozzle in a Spherical Pressure Vessel

Using the one-moment limited interaction surface, an exact solution verified by obtaining coincident upper and lower bounds has been calculated for the limit pressure for a protruding cylindrical nozzle in a spherical pressure vessel.Using a particular mechanism configuration involving the sphere and the external part of the branch which covers a wide range of the parameters r/R, R/T and t/T, a comprehensive study of the effect of the internal protrusion has been made. Results of the limit pressure for a wide range of parameters are presented.
Infrared spectra of humic acids and related substances

Humic and fulvic acids from several sources were separated into three spectral types depending upon their infrared absorption characteristics. Those belonging to Type I showed equally strong bands at 1720 and 1600 cm−1, with no discernible absorption being evident at 1640 cm−1. A distinguishing characteristic of the preparations giving spectra of Type II was a very strong 1720 cm−1 band, a shoulder at 1650 cm−1, and the absence of a 1600 cm−1 band. The preparations of Type III showed pronounced bands indicative of proteins and carbohydrates. Observed spectral changes in the 1700-1600 cm−1 region indicated that the humification process consisted, in part, of a loss of COOH groups and a change in the environment of CO from the free or weakly H-bonded state to strongly chelated forms.
New portable infusion pumps: real advantages or just more of the same in a different package?

Pump SelectionSix small, portable, infusion pumps marketed forlocal anesthetic infusion were selected for testingand donated by their respective manufacturers (Fig1). The energy source to dispense an infusate variedbetween 2 pump types and consisted of electrical(6060, AutoMed 3200, I-Pump, and ambIT Pump)or elastic (Accufuser Plus and C-Bloc) energy. Theelectronic pumps are programmable, which al-lowed for various infusion rates, bolus doses, andlockout periods (Table 1). The elastomeric pumpsare available in various reservoir volume and infu-sion rate combinations. However, once manufac-tured, these attributes cannot be altered. All pumpswere previously unused, set for a basal rate of 5mL/h, and tested with normal saline (NS) as theinfusate using a protocol and apparatus describedpreviously.
Turbulent mixing model based on ordered pairing

Abstract In Turbulent reactive flows the fluid composition at a point changes due to convection, reaction, and mixing (i.e., molecular transport). Modeling approaches based on the transport equation for the joint probability density function (jpdf) of velocity and composition have proved successful, largely because convection and reaction can be treated exactly, without modeling assumptions. Mixing has to be modeled, however, and current mixing models are deficient in several respects. The first contribution of this article is to define a model problem pertaining to turbulent diffusion flames in the flamelet regime. When applied to this problem, existing models incorrectly yield composition jpdfs corresponding to distributed combustion. The second contribution is to develop and demonstrate a new class of mixing models that performs satisfactorily for the model problem, and also for the case of the decaying field of a conserved scalar.
Photophysical Properties of the Spinach-DFHBI RNA Aptamer-Fluorogen Complex and its Applications to Live Cell Imaging with Improved Fluorescence Signal

The use of aptamer-fluorogen complexes is an emerging strategy for RNA imaging. Despite promise for cellular imaging and sensing, the low fluorescence intensity of the Spinach-DFHBI RNA aptamer fluorogen complex hampers its utility in quantitative live-cell and high-resolution imaging applications. Here we report that illumination of the Spinach-fluorogen complex induces photoconversion and subsequently fluorogen dissociation, leading to fast fluorescence decay and fluorogen concentration-dependent recovery. We demonstrate a low-repetition illumination scheme that enables us to maximize the potential of the Spinach-DFHBI RNA imaging tag in living cells.
Reexamining political economy and crime and explaining the crime drop

Critical criminologists have ignored the crime drop, and have failed to undertake efforts to explain this phenomenon. As a result, explanations of the crime drop are entirely explored from an orthodox criminological position, and have made rare reference to economic factors as explanatory variables related to the crime drop. The present article addresses that deficiency by exploring advances in political economic explanation of trends in the US economy, and relating those trends to the long-term (1950–2007) crime trend, and the shorter-term crime drop era (1992-present). The decline of manufacturing, the rise of the service sector, and the transition from Fordist, liberal political economic conditions to Post-Fordist, neoliberal political economic conditions are employed to explore their potential impact on the rate of crime.
The “mirror” and the “mask”: Self-focused attention, evaluation anxiety, and the recognition of psychological implications

It was predicted that attention focused on the self would interfere with performance on a task that requires recognizing the psychological implications of word associations. In particular, it was expected that the combination of a high level of test anxiety or self-consciousness and experimental testing conditions (i.e., instructions about task importance, unveiling of a mirror, and request for permission to videotape) would produce especially poor performance. Results revealed a main effect of testing condition such that subjects in the experimental condition were less vigilant and less successful in their performance than were subjects in the control condition. The results are discussed in terms of Scheibe’s (1979) concept of the interpersonal prediction mode of sagacity and the “mirror” as a tool for avoiding prediction.
Utility-based acceleration of multithreaded applications on asymmetric CMPs

Asymmetric Chip Multiprocessors (ACMPs) are becoming a reality. ACMPs can speed up parallel applications if they can identify and accelerate code segments that are critical for performance. Proposals already exist for using coarse-grained thread scheduling and fine-grained bottleneck acceleration. Unfortunately, there have been no proposals offered thus far to decide which code segments to accelerate in cases where both coarse-grained thread scheduling and fine-grained bottleneck acceleration could have value. This paper proposes Utility-Based Acceleration of Multithreaded Applications on Asymmetric CMPs (UBA), a cooperative software/hardware mechanism for identifying and accelerating the most likely critical code segments from a set of multithreaded applications running on an ACMP. The key idea is a new Utility of Acceleration metric that quantifies the performance benefit of accelerating a bottleneck or a thread by taking into account both the criticality and the expected speedup. UBA outperforms the best of two state-of-the-art mechanisms by 11% for single application workloads and by 7% for two-application workloads on an ACMP with 52 small cores and 3 large cores.
Multiple transcripts of sodium channel SCN8A (NaV1.6) with alternative 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions and initial characterization of the SCN8A promoter

Abstract To identify the transcriptional start sites of the neuronal channel SCN8A , we carried out 5′-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) with RNA from human and mouse brain. We recovered four mutually exclusive 5′-untranslated exons (exon 1a to exon 1d) that map to a 1.8-kb region of genomic DNA located ∼70 kb upstream of the first coding exon. The same 5′-untranslated exons are expressed in central, peripheral and sympathetic nervous system and in embryonic and adult brain. A 4.8-kb genomic fragment containing these 5′ exons demonstrated promoter activity in transfected MN-1 cells. In transgenic mice, transcription of the 4.8-kb promoter was restricted to brain and spinal cord. The 4.8-kb promoter contains eight consensus Sp1-binding sites and two Inr sites. A potential NRSE/RE-1 site is located nearby. Two active polyadenylation sites identified by 3′-RACE are conserved in human, mouse, and chicken SCN8A . Sequence comparison of human and mouse SCN8A identified 12 conserved noncoding elements whose effect on transcription was tested in transfected cells.
Cancer stem cells in the blood: Possible therapeutic implications

Increasing evidence has revealed the importance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in carcinogenesis. Although liver CSCs have been identified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, no data have shown the presence of these cells in human settings. The present study was designed to delineate CSCs serially from HCC cell lines, human liver cancer specimens to blood samples, using CD90 as a potential marker. The number of CD90+ cells increased with the tumorigenicity of HCC cell lines. CD45−CD90+ cells were detected in all the tumor specimens, but not in the normal, cirrhotic, and parallel nontumorous livers. In addition, CD45−CD90+ cells were detectable in 90% of blood samples from liver cancer patients, but none in normal subjects or patients with cirrhosis. A significant positive correlation between the number of CD45−CD90+ cells in the tumor tissues and the number of CD45−CD90+ cells in the blood samples was identified. CD90+ cells sorted from cell lines and CD45−CD90+ cells from the tumor tissues and blood samples of liver cancer patients generated tumor nodules in immunodeficient mice. Serial transplantation of CD90+ cells from tumor xenografts generated tumor nodules in a second and subsequently third batch of immunodeficient mice. Treatment of CD90+ CSCs with anti-human CD44 antibody induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Identification of CD45−CD90+ CSCs in both tumor tissues and circulation suggests that CD45−CD90+ could be used as a marker for human liver cancer and as a target for the diagnosis and therapy of this malignancy.
Two-dimensional tissue imaging by use of parallel detection of ultrasound-modulated laser speckles

Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography in biological tissue was studied. An ultrasonic beam was focused into a biological tissue sample to modulate the laser light passing through the ultrasonic beam inside the tissue. The speckle field formed by the transmitted laser light was detected by a CCD camera with the source-synchronous-illumination lock- in technique. The ultrasound-modulated laser light reflects the local optical and mechanical properties within the ultrasonic beam and can be used for tomographic imaging of the tissue. We implemented frequency-swept modulation to obtain spatial resolution along the ultrasonic axis. 2D images of biological tissue were successfully obtained with both single frequency modulation and frequency-swept modulation. 3D images could be acquired as well in principle.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
TIDeFlow: A Parallel Execution Model for High Performance Computing Programs

The popularity of serial execution paradigms in the High Performance Computing (HPC) field greatly hinders the ability of computational scientists to develop and support massively parallel programs. Programmers are left with languages that are inadequate to express parallel constructs, being forced to take decisions that are not directly related to the programs they write. Computer architects are forced to support sequential memory semantics only because serial languages require them and operating system designers are forced to support slow synchronization operations. This poster addresses the development and execution of HPC programs in many-core architectures by introducing the Time Iterated Dependency Flow (Tide Flow) execution model.
Visually estimated and calculated blood loss in vaginal and cesarean delivery.

Objective The objective of the study was to compare visually estimated blood loss (vEBL) with calculated estimated blood loss (cEBL) according to mode of delivery and degree of perineal laceration. Study Design Pre- and postdelivery hematocrit (HCT) and other variables including vEBL were prospectively recorded into an obstetrical database between January and September 2005. The cEBL was derived by multiplying the calculated pregnancy blood volume (0.75 × {[maternal height (inches) × 50] + [maternal weight in pounds × 25]}) by percent of blood volume lost ({predelivery HCT − postdelivery HCT}/predelivery HCT). cEBL and vEBL were compared according to mode of delivery and degree of perineal laceration. Results There were 677 subjects with complete data. vEBL was statistically different from cEBL between each degree of laceration and between all modes of delivery, demonstrating an underestimation of vEBL with increasing cEBL. Conclusion Improved methods for calculating blood loss include the use of a modified version of the formula used for pregnancy blood volume calculation.
"White coat hypertension" in adolescents: increased values of urinary cortisol and endothelin.

Abstract Objective: To investigate whether “white coat hypertension” (WCH) in adolescents is an innocent phenomenon or is associated with early changes of the vascular system and/or increased stress response, reflected in the urinary endothelin and cortisol values, respectively. Study design: The study group included 36 subjects, 14 with WCH (8 males and 6 females) aged 12.9 ± 3 years and 22 normotensive control subjects (12 males and 10 females) aged 13 ± 3.5 years. WCH was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥95th percentile for age, sex, and height and with reported normal BP measurements at home. Urinary endothelin (UET1), urinary free cortisol (UFC), and plasma renin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay; and urinary albumin levels were determined by nephelometry. For statistical analysis, the Mann Whitney U test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and multivariate analysis of variance/multivariate analysis of covariance were used, as applicable. Results: The 24-hour values of UET1 and UFC were greater in male subjects with WCH than in male control subjects ( P =.02), whereas no such difference was found in female subjects. The difference in UFC values in male subjects was accounted for by the day values. In subjects with WCH, and not in control subjects, a positive correlation of UET1 to UFC ( r = 0.59, P =.027), diastolic BP ( r = 0.55, P =.04), and mean BP ( r = 0.65, P =.012) was detected. Conclusions: Our data indicate that WCH in adolescence may not be an innocent phenomenon and may represent a prelude to permanent idiopathic hypertension of adulthood. (J Pediatr 2000;136:359-64)
Seedability of Winter Orographic Clouds

This article is a review of work on the subject of seedability of winter orographic clouds for increasing precipitation. Various aspects of seedability are examined in the review, including definitions, distribution of supercooled liquid water, related meteorological factors, relationship of supercooled liquid water to storm stage, factors governing seedability, and the use of seeding criteria.
Super-Riemann surfaces, loop measure, etc…☆

Abstract An explicit expression for the loop measure over supermoduli space is derived for a specific choice of local coordinates. Geometrical interpretation of these local coordinates over supermoduli space allows one to construct a matrix of superperiods and suggests the generalization of theta functions. A non-analytic factor over supermoduli space turns out to be det ( T R − T L ) −5 where T R ( T L) is a matrix of superperiods corresponding to the right (left) geometry.
How Visibility and Convenience Influence Candy Consumption

This paper addresses two questions: (1) How does the visibility and convenience of a hedonic food influence one’s consumption, and (2) how do these factors influence one’s estimate of how much he or she had consumed? Both questions have important implications for clinicians and for the nutritionally concerned. Answering the first question will show the extent to which two environmental factors (visibility and convenience) influence consumption. Answering the second will show the extent to which consumers overestimate or underestimate the influence of these factors. This is important in helping individuals monitor consumption patterns of which they may be unaware.
Investigation of the aqueous dissolution of semicrystalline poly(ethylene oxide) using infrared chemical imaging: the effects of molecular weight and crystallinity.

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging was used to successfully explore several factors influencing the dissolution of poly(ethylene oxide). The effect of the degree of crystallinity on the rate of dissolution of mid-range molecular weight PEO was negligible over the temperature ranges studied. The influence of molecular weight on polymer dissolution was found to be much greater than the changes in morphology. An examination of the polymer and solvent images and absorbance profiles, compared with the results of the bulk polymer/solvent boundary movement, confirmed this relationship. An investigation of the bulk polymer/solvent boundary using a crystalline-sensitive polymer band showed the crystalline to amorphous phase change occurred over a short distance. Moreover, solvent diffusion ahead of the bulk polymer/solvent front was minimal, most likely a result of the required phase change, which in turn regulated the degree of solvent ingress. Modeling of the dissolution was performed using the Peppas (power law) model. Physical parameters of the dissolution process were obtained from fitting the release profiles to the power law (fraction released = k × t, where k is the dissolution rate constant and n is the release exponent). Results indicated the model worked well to describe dissolution at all molecular weights. By varying the number of data points input to the model and then comparing the generated graphs, it becomes clear that not only does the dissolution slow down over the course of the experiment, but an increase in molecular weight enhances this effect. The effect of different types of drug on the rate of polymer dissolution was also studied. The dissolution of neat polymer was compared to the dissolution of polymer containing 10% (by weight) of theophylline, etophylline, or testosterone. The general trend of all the dissolution curves was the same, with the addition of etophylline and testosterone tracing almost the same route in terms of movement of the bulk polymer/solvent front.
Performance evaluations of unslotted CSMA/CA algorithm at high data rate WSNs scenario

As a leading standard in wireless sensor networks, IEEE 802.15.4 based networks are well-adapted to various applications such as environment monitoring, building automation and medical/health care, in which sensor nodes are always densely deployed and with the intense channel competition. However, the use of 250Kbps low-rate based network that defined in the standard can be inefficiency for these applications. Therefore, in this paper with nRF24 transceiver that supports high data rate over the air transmission and reception, we analyse the packet loss and lifetime estimation of a high data rate network via SystemC simulations by using unslotted algorithm in 1Mbps and 2Mbps scenarios. The impact of macMinBE / macMaxBE (BE), macMaxCSMABackoffs(Backoff) and macMaxFrameRetries (Retries) are performed under different traffic loads and at 1Mbps and 2Mbps high rate along with 250Kbps low rate. Experimental results show that the use of greater BE under different traffic loads of three data rates,and smaller Backoff at high traffic loads under 250Kbps and 1Mbps are able to achieve better lifetime and less packet loss.For Retries, the use of a greater value under low traffic loads of 1Mbps and 2Mbps can provide a good trade-off between lifetime performance and packet loss. On the other hand, we also deepen the analysis to include the nRF24 transceiver's embedded communication protocol engine Enhanced ShockBurst (ESB) for comparison. Furthermore, we also provide suggestions on the trade-off between packet loss and lifetime after each scenario analysis.
On the second eigenvalue of the Laplace operator penalized by curvature

Abstract Consider the operator −∇ 2 − q ( κ ), where −∇ 2 is the (positive) Laplace-Beltrami operator on a closed manifold of the topological type of the two-sphere S 2 and q is a symmetric non-negative quadratic form in the principal curvatures. Generalizing a well-known theorem of J. Hersch for the Laplace-Beltrami operator alone, it is shown in this note that the second eigenvalue λ 1 is uniquely maximized, among manifolds of fixed area, by the true sphere.
Field evidence and hydraulic modeling of a large Holocene jökulhlaup at Jökulsá á Fjöllum channel, Iceland

Abstract Field investigation and hydraulic modeling of the Jokulsa a Fjollum outflow channel in the northern highlands of Iceland suggest a larger than previously modeled jokulhlaup catastrophic release of glacial floodwaters probably occurring just after early Holocene deglaciation. Although earlier investigations described a similar large paleoflood event, our hydraulic model parameter estimates and floodplain inundation maps correlate with new field evidence presented here. Due to its temporal and voluminous outflow we consider potential jokulhlaup sources and mechanisms and also its relevance as an Earth analog to Mars fluvial geomorphology and processes. In this study, we reconstruct this large jokulhlaup event using HEC-GeoRAS to extract three-dimensional channel geometry and the HEC-RAS hydraulic model. Depositional and erosional landforms across the 435–485 km 2 flood inundation area provide field evidence of high water lines (trimlines) required for hydraulic model constraints. Hydraulic modeling results related to this field evidence and the unambiguous inundation of Ferjufjall along the Mt. Herðubreið reach gives a conservative peak discharge rate of 2.2 × 10 7 m 3 s −1 and a mean flow velocity of 14.9 m s −1 . By comparison, this is larger than the 1.8 × 10 7 m 3 s −1 peak discharge of the Kuray paleoflood in the Altai Mountains of Siberia, which is the largest previously documented paleoflood on Earth. This study suggests that this paleoflood through the Jokulsa a Fjollum channel is the largest known on Earth.
Life dynamism explorations on perceived quality of life and social exchange paradigms in casino settings.

This study explores quality of life (QOL) perceptions associated with casino gambling and examines the causes of variations in those perceptions using an integrated version of age-graded phenomenon and life characteristics. This study further examines the affects of gaming activity participation as a leisure activity on subsequent support for the casino gambling activity within the context of social exchange theory (SET). Data were collected from local residents residing within a 50-mile radius of existing casinos in a U.S. midwestern state. Results indicate similar gambling activity participation behavior across age groups. In addition, more subtle affects of age and life characteristics across age groups for the casino gambling activity are noted. Traces of similarities in perceptions, participation, and SET behavior are found to be more notable than absent.
STROUHAL NUMBERS OF RECTANGULAR CYLINDERS AT INCIDENCE: A REVIEW AND NEW DATA

Experimentally determined Strouhal numbers for a family of rectangular cylinders with side ratios (B/D) ranging from 0·04 to 1·0 and with angles of attack from 0° to 90° are presented. Tests were conducted both in a water channel with Reynolds numbers between 7·2 × 102 and 3·1 × 104 and in a wind tunnel with Reynolds numbers between 8·8 × 103 and 8·1 × 104, based on the projected cross stream dimension and the mean velocity. In addition, the mean drag as well as the mean and fluctuating lift were measured as functions of the angle of attack in the wind tunnel tests for B/D =0·25, 0·5 and 1. The Strouhal number of all except the thinnest plate showed qualitatively similar behavior with changing angle of attack. The general tendency is for a rapid rise in the Strouhal number to occur at relatively small angles of attack. This rapid rise is associated with reattachment of the separated shear layer. The angle of attack where reattachment and, hence, the rapid rise in Strouhal number occurs is dependent on the B/D ratio. After the sudden rise, the Strouhal number levels off with a further increase in angle of attack. As the angle of attack approaches 90°, there is a sudden decline in the value of the Strouhal number, again associated with shear layer-comer interaction (i.e. detachment). For the thinnest plate, the Strouhal number was found to be essentially independent of the angle of attack over a wide range of angles. Measured force coefficients show a strong dependence on the angle of attack, suggesting that for 0·5 ≤ B/D ≤ 2·0 there is an optimum incidence that makes most efficient use of the load-bearing capacity of the structure. The present data agree well with available results from previously published papers which are reviewed.
THE NUMINOUS IN THE QUR'ĀN: AN ASSESSMENT OF RUDOLF OTTO'S VIEW OF ISLAM*

L'article est consacre a la conception de l'islam elaboree par Rudolf Otto et aux defauts de cette conception. L'A. examine d'abord les principes theologiques de ce dernier et leur application a la mystique coranique. Il examine ensuite la vision mystique de Mohammed exposee dans les 18 premiers versets de la sourate 53. L'A. montre que la conception du sacre developpee par Otto est presente dans l'islam.