cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 4Mb 0.18 /spl mu/m 1T1MTJ Toggle MRAM memory

The 4.5/spl times/6.3mm/sup 2/ 25ns cycle-time 4Mb Toggle MRAM memory, built in 0.18 /spl mu/m 5M CMOS technology, uses a 1.55 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ bit cell with a single toggling magneto tunnel junction. The memory uses uni-directional programming currents with isolated write and read paths and balanced current mirror sense amplifier.
3D rendering with C++ and openGL in undergraduate projects

Rendering and animation involve a number of very interesting programming problems that provide an excellent challenge for advanced undergraduate students. Furthermore, the topic itself has wide appeal among that group. Over the past three semesters independent study classes were conducted with three different undergraduate students. In these classes we used Microsoft's Visual C++ and OpenGL, a 3D graphics library. The educational focus was on learning Visual C++ and techniques of Object-Oriented Programming. This paper will present an outline of the basics of 3D rendering and animation, and a description of the classes we developed to formulate the problem in an object-oriented framework. Several programs produced by these students will be discussed to show their pedagogical value.
Horsing Around with Clean Surplus Relations

Researchers continue to "horse race" the Residual Income (RI) model and the Cash Flow (CF) model, with no regard for the underlying assumptions. Recently, Lundholm and O'Keefe (2000) asserted that they have identified an important reason for the discrepancy between the results obtained from the two models, the so-called "incorrect discount rate error". In their paper, it is unclear whether this error with the calculation of the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) can occur in a M & M world because the assumption about a M & M world is not explicitly stated. In other words, they are agnostic about the correspondence between the M & M world and reality. In this note, I illustrate the use of the WACC in a M & M world and show that the error that has been identified by Lundholm and O'Keefe cannot occur in a M & M world. Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that perhaps the error with the calculation of the WACC only occurs in a non-M & M world, whatever that may be. In addition, I show the estimation of the residual income and CF models with variable returns to levered equity.
Phase transitions of reversed-phase stationary phases : cause and effects in the mechanism of retention

We provide a somewhat historical perspective on the work that has been accomplished that supports the suggestion of phase transitions in reversed-phase liquid chromatographic bonded phases. In addition to this general review, we consider from both a practical and theoretical viewpoint the implications of such transitions in the rational design of improved reversed-phase separations. Analytical theory and molecular simulation approaches to chromatographic stationary phases and related systems are reviewed. Initial results are presented on the temperature, density and chain length dependences of stationary phase properties. The role of computer simulation in analyzing transition behavior and retention processes is discussed.
Range verification of proton radiotherapy with prompt gamma rays

In-vivo range verification systems for incident protons recently utilize positron emission tomography (PET) based on the phenomenon of positron-emitting nuclei (PEN). However, recent investigations are suggesting that the range can be verified also from the prompt gamma (PG) photon emissions generated from proton interactions. In this work we investigate using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit the clinical viability of a theoretical sequential detector system to verify the range of protons in proton radiotherapy by the PG method for simple geometries and beam configurations. The results show a correlation between selected emitted PG rays and the incident protons range and suggest that our detector system is capable of in-vivo range monitoring for energies typical of radiation oncology applications. Future work will include implementing more realistic scenarios and optimizing current detector parameters.
An unusual case of cytotoxic peripheral T-cell lymphoma

Cytotoxic cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of atypical T cells in the skin that often express CD56 and cytotoxic granules. CTCLs exhibit a wide range of clinical and histopathologic features but tend to be aggressive.1 Often diagnosis relies heavily on immunohistochemistry. We report a case of cytotoxic CTCL with a unique immunophenotype.
Genomics: In search of rare human variants

The 1000 Genomes Project has completed its pilot phase, sequencing the whole genomes of 179 individuals and characterizing all the protein-coding sequences of many others. Welcome to the third phase of human genomics. See Article p.1061 This issue of Nature contains the first publication from The 1000 Genomes Project, an international collaboration that will produce an extensive public catalogue of human genetic variation. The plan, in fact, is to sequence about 2,000 unidentified individuals from 20 populations around the world. This first paper presents the results from the project's pilot phase, testing three different strategies for genome-wide sequencing with high-throughput platforms: low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 179 individuals in three population groups, high-coverage sequencing of two mother–father–child trios, and exon-targeted sequencing of 697 individuals from seven populations.
Survey of indigenous bacterial endophytes from cotton and sweet corn

The genotypic diversity of indigenous bacterial endophytes within stems and roots of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was determined in field trials throughout one growing season. Strains were isolated from surface-disinfested tissues and identified by fatty acid analysis. Gram-negative bacteria comprised 70.5% of the endophytic bacteria and 27 of the 36 genera identified. The most frequently isolated groups from sweet corn roots, were Burkholderia pickettii and Enterobacter spp.; from sweet corn stems, Bacillus megaterium. Bacterial genera present in sweet corn roots were also generally present in sweet corn stems. However, Burkholderia gladioli, Burkholderia solanacearum and Enterobacter cloacae were isolated much more frequently from sweet corn roots than stems, whereas Methylobacterium spp. were found more frequently in sweet corn stems than roots. Agrobacterium radiobacter, Serratia spp. and Burkholderia solanacearum, were the most frequently isolated groups from cotton roots; and Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus pumilus from cotton stems. Acinetobacter baumannii and Arthrobacter spp. were present in cotton stems but not in cotton roots. There were 14 taxonomic groups present in cotton roots that were not in cotton stems; all but one were Gram-negative. These included, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Enterobacter asburiae, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Serratia spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Rhizobium japonicum and Variovorax paradoxus were isolated, almost exclusively, from the roots of both crops. Bacterial taxa present in both sweet corn and cotton early in the season were generally present late in the season. The diversity of bacteria was greater in roots than stems for each crop.
The economics of dying: The misapplication of comments

From reading their scholarly reaction to our work on the economics of dying, it appears reasonably clear to us that Professors Lindley and Beall lack a certain sense of professional humor. They clearly missed the comical intent of our work; they took us much too seriously, or rather, more seriously than we took our discussion of one-horse shays juxtaposed with an analysis of bodily organs and death. Nonetheless, there was a quasi-serious point to the chapter in our book that Lindley and Beall misunderstand and misrepresent. As a consequence, we have several critical reactions to their comments. *First, we might, for purposes of argument, agree that "individuals do not treat the body or its organs as outputs in the utility maximizing process." Having said that, however, Lindley and Beall cannot turn around and conclude that utility maximization on death necessarily means "an organic structure comprised of many healthy organs at death." One may depreciate as many organs as possible, as much as possible, given the technical interrelationships of various organs, and the same time be implying those organs as "inputs" (our view of utility maximization with the use of organs is certainly more compatible with the view of organs as inputs than it is with the view of organs as outputs). In addition to developing that central message, we recommend that more work be done on providing people with more information on the technical interrelatedness of bodily organs. *Second, Lindley and Beall contend money and bodily assets are inherently different: "Money wealth can be drawn down and in the process utility is gained from spending the money. Bodily organs, however, while they can be drawn down, may not at the same time generate utility-yielding output. Indeed, allow-
A gene delivery approach for antimicrobials: expression of defensins.

Introduction: Peptide antibiotics as new therapeutic agents are becoming a popular option to investigate due to their broad bacterial target selectivity and limited resistance problems. Although attractive, these new drug candidates have several limitations including low potency and delivery issues which face all peptides/proteins.Methods: In this study, we designed a plasmid expression system for human beta defensin 3. This sequence was cloned from a human epithelial lung cell into a CMV driven expression cassette. This expression plasmid was then evaluated for its ability to produce human-beta defensin 3 with the use of the non-viral transfection agent, polyethylenimine (PEI).Results: The results indicate the expression cassette was transcriptionally active in HEK 293 cells, as measured by RT-PCR and that a beta defensin peptide was produced by the cells as confirmed by Western blot. The biological activity of the peptide was confirmed against both gram negative E. coli and gram positive Bacillus specie...
Silent sinus syndrome: a rare presentation after botulinum toxin injection.

Silent sinus syndrome is a unique diagnosis characterized by spontaneous enophthalmos and hypoglobus resulting from collapse of the orbital floor secondary to chronic subclinical sinusitis. Although reported in the ophthalmology and otolaryngology literature, there is no mention of silent sinus syndrome in the plastic surgery literature. The authors present a case report, along with a brief overview of silent sinus syndrome, so that knowledge of this rare but potentially devastating clinical entity may supplement plastic surgeons’ differential to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.
Thyroid disorders. Part III: neoplastic thyroid disease

This paper is part III of the series on thyroid disorders. Thyroid tumors are the most common endocrine neoplasms. Most of these tumors are benign hyperplastic or colloid nodules or benign follicular adenomas. However, 5% to 10% of the lesions that come to medical attention are carcinomas. A major clinical challenge is establishing which nodules are hyperplastic, benign, or malignant. History, clinical findings, ultrasonography, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy are the mainstays for diagnosis. There are 3 main histologic types of thyroid cancer: differentiated, medullary, and anaplastic. Differentiated lesions are subdivided into papillary, follicular, and Hurthle cell carcinomas. In addition, primary lymphoma may occur in the thyroid gland and other cancers may metastasize to the thyroid. An important neoplastic syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), involves medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. In 2002 there were 10 cases of thyroid cancer per 100 000 population. During the past 10 years the rate of thyroid cancer has been increasing 5% per year. The overall 10-year survival for papillary carcinoma is 80% to 90%, follicular carcinoma 65% to 75%, and medullary carcinoma 60% to 70%. The prognosis for anaplastic carcinoma is very poor and 5-year survival is rare. The dentist by inspection and palpation of the neck in the area of the thyroid gland may detect single or multiple lesions that may be benign or malignant. Patients with identified nodules or enlarged thyroid glands should be referred for diagnosis and treatment. Patients with thyroid cancer will benefit from the early detection and treatment of their lesions as early detection can lead to a cure or prolongation of their life.
Ischemia and Reperfusion Enhance ATF-2 and c-Jun Binding to cAMP Response Elements and to an AP-1 Binding Site from the c-jun Promoter

The transcription factors controlling the complex genetic response to ischemia and their modes of regulation are poorly understood. We found that ATF-2 and c-Jun DNA binding activity is markedly enhanced in post-ischemic kidney or in LLC-PK1 renal tubular epithelial cells exposed to reversible ATP depletion. After 40 min of renal ischemia followed by reperfusion for as little as 5 min, binding of ATF-2 and c-Jun, but not ATF-3 or CREB (cAMP response element binding protein), to oligonucleotides containing either an ATF/cAMP response element (ATF/CRE) or the jun2TRE from the c-jun promoter, was significantly increased. Binding to jun2TRE and ATF/CRE oligonucleotides occurred with an identical time course. In contrast, nuclear protein binding to an oligonucleotide containing a canonical AP-1 element was not detected until 40 min of reperfusion, and although c-Jun was present in the complex, ATF-2 was not. Incubating nuclear extracts from reperfused kidney with protein phosphatase 2A markedly reduced binding to both the ATF/CRE and jun2TRE oligonucleotides, compatible with regulation by an ATF-2 kinase. An ATF-2 kinase, which phosphorylated both the transactivation and DNA binding domains of ATF-2, was activated by reversible ATP depletion. This kinase co-eluted on Mono Q column chromatography with a c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and with the peak of stress-activated protein kinase, but not p38, immunoreactivity. In conclusion, DNA binding activity of ATF-2 directed at both ATF/CRE and jun2TRE motifs is modulated in response to the extreme cellular stress of ischemia and reperfusion or reversible ATP depletion. Phosphorylation-dependent activation of the DNA binding activity of ATF-2, which appears to be regulated by the stress-activated protein kinases, may play an important role in the earliest stages of the genetic response to ischemia/reperfusion by targeting ATF-2 and c-Jun to specific promoters, including the c-jun promoter and those containing ATF/CREs.
Validity of Clinician's Self-Reported Practice Elements on the Monthly Treatment and Progress Summary.

An increased demand for accountability in community mental health systems has resulted in a need for valid, reliable measures of therapeutic practice. The Monthly Treatment and Progress Summary (MTPS), developed through the Hawaii Child and Adolescent Mental Health Division, is a clinician-report measure that describes therapeutic practices, treatment targets, and progress ratings for each treatment case. The current study evaluated the validity of the therapeutic strategies reported on the MTPS by comparing coder- and clinician-reported use of practices. Using 47 audio recordings from 19 youths’ therapy sessions, trained observers reliably coded 12 discrete practices. Four of the 12 practices were found to be valid according to clinician–coder agreement (intraclass correlations ≥0.60). The coding system was revised, utilizing extensiveness and experiential scales, and 100 % of practices were valid according to clinician–coder agreement. Practical use of the MTPS, implications for service systems, and future directions for research on the MTPS are discussed.
The Iranians: Their Cultural Heritage and Its Transformation

The Iranians: Their Cultural Heritage and Its Transformation, Parviz Saney, Charleston, SC: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012, 406 pp. Histories of various dynasties ruling Iran or ...
Energy Levels of Divalent Thulium in Ca F 2

From the fluorescence and absorption spectra of Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$: ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{2+}$ an energy-level scheme for the system is proposed. The cubic-crystal-field parameters are determined, and evidence is presented that the $f\ensuremath{-}f$ transitions are of magnetic-dipole origin. A fluorescent band is observed that appears to originate in closely coupled ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{2+}$---${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$ pairs. The large crystal-field splitting in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$: ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{2+}$ is confirmed by the absorption spectra of its isoelectronic systems of Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$: ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ and Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$: ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$.
Heat Transfer Characteristics in Two-Phase Closed Conventional and Concentric Annular Thermosyphons

The heat transfer in the condenser sections of conventional and annular two-phase closed thermosyphon tubes has been studied experimentally and analytically. In addition, the results of a series of experiments on the flooding phenomena of the same thermosyphons are reported. Freon 113 and acetone were used as working fluids. An improved correlation was developed to predict the performance limits of conventional thermosyphons using the present and previously existing experimental data for flooding with different working fluids. The prediction of the theoretical Nusselt number for the situations associated with measured heat transfer coefficients in the condenser section indicated that the effect of interfacial shear on the film flow is small. The increase of the experimental reflux condensation heat transfer coefficients over theoretical predictions is attributed to waves at the vapor-liquid interface.
Nonnormal deterministic equivalents and a transformation in stochastic mathematical programming

This paper considers random variables of the continuous type in a stochastic programming problem and presents (1) a general approach to the development of deterministic equivalents of constraints to be satisfied within certain probability limits, and (2) a deterministic transformation of a stochastic programming problem with random variables in the objective function. Deterministic equivalents are developed for constraints containing uniform random variables, but the approach used can be applied to other types of continuous random variables, as well. When the random variables appear in the objective function, a deterministic transformation of the stochastic programming problem is obtained to yield a closed-form solution without resort to a Monte Carlo computer simulation. Extension of this approach to stochastic problems with discrete random variables and integer decision variables is discussed briefly. A numerical example is presented.
Orthodontic care in an insured population in Washington: demographic factors

Few studies have used insurance claims data to investigate demographic factors related to orthodontic care. This study sought to describe age and sex distributions in a large, insured population in Washington. Additionally, the demand for orthodontic care was evaluated with respect to county population, and the impact of the availability of orthodontists was investigated. All orthodontic claims in 2001 were retrieved from the Washington Dental Service database, along with associated provider and patient information. A total of 102,984 claims were included in this study. A large percentage of subjects (86%) were less than 20 years old, with most patients in their early teens. Overall, about 64% of all orthodontic patients were female. The demand for orthodontic treatment was the highest in the counties with the largest populations. Although there was considerable variation in the data, the number of orthodontic claims submitted by general dentists tended to decline as the availability of orthodontists increased.
Lithographic patterning and confocal imaging with zone plates

Zone-plate-array lithography (ZPAL) uses an array of zone plates, combined with an array of micromechanical mirrors or shutters, to pattern features on a substrate without a mask. In this article, we investigate the patterning characteristics of individual zone plates. We show patterns printed with pixel-dose modulation (gray scaling) and subpixel beam stepping. Using a combination of these techniques for linewidth control, edge placement, and proximity-effect correction, ZPAL can produce arbitrary patterns with features as small as the focal spot of a zone plate. We also demonstrate the use of zone plates in a confocal-microscopy mode for placing the substrate at the focus of the zone plates, and for imaging. Zone-plate-array scanning-confocal microscopy (ZPAM) could be useful for gapping and alignment in ZPAL, and possibly for wafer or mask inspection at deep ultraviolet wavelengths.
Dismantling Classroom Walls for Increased Foreign Language Proficiency

This paper describes current and past communicative classroom exercises used at the Foreign Service Institute to “break down” classroom walls with activities that encourage language acquisition. These activities were instituted as part of the Russian program of the Foreign Service Institute in 1984 and include immersion experiences during Russian Week, the Monolingual Training Program (MOLT), the Russian Internship Program (RIP), speaking tracks, phase projects, and language/area integration. Each activity's success at promoting language acquisition is assessed.
Chlorine isotopic composition of marine aerosols: Implications for the release of reactive chlorine and HCl cycling rates

We have determined the elemental and the stable chlorine isotopic composition of size-segregated aerosols collected in the marine boundary layer. All size fractions have chlorine deficiencies. Mid-size aerosols are isotopically enriched in δ37Cl and contain significant quantities of non-sea-salt-SO42− and NO3−. This is consistent with the acid displacement of HCl from the aerosols. Coarse aerosols tend to be isotopically depleted and have Cl deficiencies that are not charge balanced by MSA−, SO42− and NO3− with Cl volatilization by a different mechanism. The isotope systematics imply a fractionation factor, α, of 1.00306±0.0005 if the volatilization mechanism is first order with respect to Cl or 1.00280±0.0005 if the volatilization mechanism is zeroth order with respect to Cl. Our data are consistent with the efficient recycling of aerosol Cl through the gas phase.
CEPHEIDS AND LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES IN IC 342

Using repeated imaging with the WIYN 3.5 m telescope at Kitt Peak, we have identified 24 Cepheids in IC 342. For 20 of them, we have obtained reliable r and i photometry. In addition, we have identified 52 other variables (with varying degrees of data quality) for which we are unable to derive definite periods from the data at hand. Most of these are likely to be semiregular long-period variables. From an analysis of the period-luminosity relation of the 20 unambiguous and well-measured Cepheids in the two passbands, we derive the true distance modulus to be 27.58 ± 0.18, corresponding to a distance of 3.3 Mpc. The mean line-of-sight reddening to this sample of Cepheids is derived to be E(r-i) = 0.38 ± 0.06 mag, which corresponds to E(B-V) = 0.63 ± 0.10 and extinction Ar = 1.41 ± 0.22 and AV = 2.01 ± 0.32 mag. Within the respective uncertainties, these values are consistent with other independent estimates of the reddening. The derived distance and extinction imply that IC 342 rivals our own Galaxy in total brightness, which suggests that the Maffei/IC 342 Group taken together may be larger than the Local Group.
Interpreting Conjoined noun Phrases and Conjoined Clauses: Collective versus Distributive Preferences:

Two experiments are reported that show that introducing event participants in a conjoined noun phrase (NP) favours a single event (collective) interpretation, while introducing them in separate clauses favours a separate events (distributive) interpretation. In Experiment 1, acceptability judgements were speeded when the bias of a predicate toward separate events versus a single event matched the presumed bias of how the subjects' referents were introduced (as conjoined noun phrases or in conjoined clauses). In Experiment 2, reading of a phrase containing an anaphor following conjoined noun phrases was facilitated when the anaphor was they, relative to when it was neither/each of them; the opposite pattern was found when the anaphor followed conjoined clauses. We argue that comprehension was facilitated when the form of an anaphor was appropriate for how its antecedents were introduced. These results address the very general problem of how we individuate entities and events when presented with a complex s...
Adoptive transfer of neonatally induced tolerance into normal mice

Abstract Neonatally induced tolerance in mice was adoptively transferred with living splenocytes into normal immunocompetent syngeneic adult recipients. It was also transferred passively with antisera from tolerant mice into syngeneic neonatal recipients. Immune splenocytes transferred anamnestic responsiveness rather than tolerance. No free antibody was detected by heat elution from tolerant spleen cells, but it was found in a form complexed with antigen and dissociable with acid. These results together with those reported in the accompanying paper on neonatal tolerance suggest a role for antibody in the induction and maintenance of this model of tolerance.
Use of Numerical Calculations to Simulate the Sampling Efficiency Performance of a Personal Aerosol Sampler

Numerical calculations were conducted to simulate air and particle behavior near and into the inlet of an aerosol sampler in order to determine sampling efficiency performance. This was done with the pre-verified commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package, FLUENT (Fluent, Inc., Lebanon, NH, US). Air flow behavior was calculated for steady-state conditions approaching and flowing into 3D geometries of an aerosol sampler free in the air that was similar in dimension to two commercial samplers, namely the Gesamtstaubprobenahme sampler (GSP) and the conical inhalable sampler (CIS). Particle trajectories were calculated in a Lagrangian reference frame on the resulting velocity fields. Based on the particle trajectories, sampling efficiencies were calculated and compared to those reported in the literature for a CIS aerosol sampler. They were found to have similar overall trends for particle sizes up to 21 μ m. Using a correction factor, agreement was observed to be very good for smaller par...
Spectral spatiotemporal imaging of cortical oscillations and interactions in the human brain

This paper presents a computationally efficient source estimation algorithm that localizes cortical oscillations and their phase relationships. The proposed method employs wavelet-transformed magnetoencephalography (MEG) data and uses anatomical MRI to constrain the current locations to the cortical mantle. In addition, the locations of the sources can be further confined with the help of functional MRI (fMRI) data. As a result, we obtain spatiotemporal maps of spectral power and phase relationships. As an example, we show how the phase locking value (PLV), that is, the trial-by-trial phase relationship between the stimulus and response, can be imaged on the cortex. We apply the method to spontaneous, evoked, and driven cortical oscillations measured with MEG. We test the method of combining MEG, structural MRI, and fMRI using simulated cortical oscillations along Heschl's gyrus (HG). We also analyze sustained auditory gamma-band neuromagnetic fields from MEG and fMRI measurements. Our results show that combining the MEG recording with fMRI improves source localization for the non-noise-normalized wavelet power. In contrast, noise-normalized spectral power or PLV localization may not benefit from the fMRI constraint. We show that if the thresholds are not properly chosen, noise-normalized spectral power or PLV estimates may contain false (phantom) sources, independent of the inclusion of the fMRI prior information. The proposed algorithm can be used for evoked MEG/EEG and block-designed or event-related fMRI paradigms, or for spontaneous MEG data sets. Spectral spatiotemporal imaging of cortical oscillations and interactions in the human brain can provide further understanding of large-scale neural activity and communication between different brain regions.
Reducing the Burden of Eating Disorders: A Model for Population-Based Prevention and Treatment for University and College Campuses

The prevalence of individuals at high risk or with clinical eating disorders (EDs) on college campuses is high. Often, students are tasked with evaluating the urgency of their needs and knowing when to seek services, which leads to delays in seeking care. Without intervention, symptoms may worsen, resulting in adverse consequences and impaired functioning. As such, early identification and reduced symptom progression for individuals across the risk/clinical continuum of ED psychopathology is urgently needed. However, effective intervention for EDs on the college campus remains a significant challenge. Counseling centers are often understaffed and overburdened, with directors reporting an average student to counselor ratio of 1,900:11. Indeed, less than 20% of students who are screened positive for EDs report receiving treatment.2 The gap in care delivery necessitates research on ways to improve the quality and efficiency of treatment delivery for symptomatic individuals and decrease the number of individuals requiring care. We propose a population-based model, for heuristic purposes, for the identification, prevention, and treatment of EDs, to reduce the incidence and prevalence of EDs on the college campus. A population-based approach allows us to move beyond treating individuals to more broadly intervene with a population, thereby increasing real-world clinical utility of ED interventions and improving the college counseling system of care for EDs.
Modeling Variability and Uncertainty of Photovoltaic Generation: A Hidden State Spatial Statistical Approach

In this paper, we construct, fit, and validate a hidden Markov model for predicting variability and uncertainty in generation from distributed (PV) systems. The model is unique in that it: 1) predicts metrics that are directly related to operational reserves, 2) accounts for the effects of stochastic volatility and geographic autocorrelation, and 3) conditions on latent variables referred to as “volatility states.” We fit and validate the model using 1-min resolution generation data from approximately 100 PV systems in the California Central Valley or the Los Angeles coastal area, and condition the volatility state of each system at each time on 15-min resolution generation data from nearby PV systems (which are available from over 6000 PV systems in our data set). We find that PV variability distributions are roughly Gaussian after conditioning on hidden states. We also propose a method for simulating hidden states that results in a very good upper bound for the probability of extreme events. Therefore, the model can be used as a tool for planning additional reserve capacity requirements to balance solar variability over large and small spatial areas.
Writing, Reader Response, and The Community College

The community college stands as a beacon of democratic, inclusive ideals. Unlike the four year college—where research and advanced degrees are sought—the community college celebrates learning on a ...
Angular Porosity Distributions in Fixed Packed Beds of Low Diameter Aspect Ratio

The angular porosity distribution for fixed packed beds of monosized spheres in cylindrical containers with low diameter aspect ratios (1 ≤ D/d ≤ 2) is determined from the spheres' center coordinates. By dividing the packed bed into a large number of identical wedge-shaped segments, the angular porosity distribution is established from the local angular porosity and the angular positions within the cylindrical container. A correlation which accurately predicts the local angular porosity is determined from the angular porosity distributions. The correlation is a function of D/d and the angular position in the cylindrical container. On a determine a partir des coordonnees du centre des spheres la distribution de porosite angulaire pour des lits fixes garnis de spheres monodisperses dans des reservoirs cylindriques ayant de faibles rapports de diametres (1 ≤ D/d ≤ 2). En divisant le lit garni en un grand nombre de segments en forme de biseau identiques, on etablit la distribution de porosite angulaire a partir de la porosite angulaire locale et des positions angulaires dans le reservoir cylindrique. Une correlation qui predit avec precision la porosite angulaire locale est determinee a partir des distributions de porosite angulaire. La correlation est une fonction de D/d et de la position angulaire dans le reservoir cylindrique.
An Exploratory Study: Relationships Between Bloom's Taxonomy and Keirsey's Temperament Sorter

Abstract This study began with the idea that personality traits influence the correct response to certain categories of questions in exams, or Bloom's (1956) Taxonomy. The significant results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) suggest that personality (Keirsey's Temperament Sorter, 1998) does impact correct responses on categories of Bloom's Taxonomy and on the style of questioning. Completing analysis on individual personality traits, the MANOVA suggest the Judgment/Perception personality trait influences the significant result more than the other two personality traits (Sensing/Intuition and Thinking/Feeling).
Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of and protection from inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease affects millions of people, some with fatal consequences. Little is known about the factors which contribute to its pathogenesis particularly regarding cytokine production and action. In this paper we summarize our recent findings using the rabbit model for immune complex-generated experimental colitis, a model which is similar to ulcerative colitis in humans. Recombinant human IL-1 was perfused through rabbit colons and we observed elevated levels of PGE2, TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α, the stable metabolite of PGI2. Using radioimmunoassays specific for rabbit IL-1α and IL-1β, we induced immune complex colitis and measured the generation of these IL-1's in various tissues. Markedly elevated levels of IL-1 were detected only in inflamed tissues. The levels of IL-1 correlated with the degree of inflammation as judged by a blinded assessment of pathological changes. Similar to other disease models in which small doses of the agonist can afford protection or result in a state of “desensitization” when administered prior to the onset of the disease, we accordingly injected rabbits with a single, small (300 ng/kg) dose of IL-1 and observed a significant reduction in the inflammatory index and necrosis of immune complex colitis. However, unlike other models of IL-1-induced protection, in this model cyclooxygenase products were required since we prevented the IL-1-induced protection with a single dose of ibuprofen given at the same time as the IL-1. This correlated with the reduction in IL-1-induced PGE2. These results demonstrate that IL-1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease in the rabbit and that the protection afforded by a low dose of IL-1 24 hours before the onset of the colitis requires IL-1-induced cyclooxygenase products.
Types of short-range order in amorphous inorganic solids

Abstract The nearest neighbor environments about constituent atoms in a wide variety of amorphous solids have been examined and may be classified in terms of three parameters: A—the angle sustained at a given atom by a pair of nearest neighbors, B—the bond length between a given atom and its nearest neighbors and C—the coordination number of a given atom. It is found that the well defined short-range order characteristic of crystalline solids is preserved in simple oxide glasses where very strong bonds are formed. Deviations in bond angle from a single value appear to be a general structural characteristic in the nearest neighbor environment of all other amorphous solids which include elemental and compound semiconductors, glassy salts and metallic glasses. The metallic glasses, however, seem to be unique in that each of the A, B and C parameters for the close-packed metal constituent has a distribution of values. Strictly speaking, in the metallic glasses there is not a single basic structural unit (such as the SiO 4 tetrahedron in vitreous SiO 2 ) but a distribution of local configurations which exists in the dense random structure.
Abstract 349: Leptin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells requires β-catenin activation via Akt/GSK3-dependent and MTA1/Wnt1-dependent pathways

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Perturbations in the adipocytokines-profile, especially higher levels of leptin, are a major cause of breast tumor progression and metastasis; the underlying mechanisms, however, are not well understood. In particular, it remains elusive whether leptin is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we provide first molecular evidence that leptin induces breast cancer cells to undergo a transition from epithelial to spindle-like mesenchymal morphology. Investigating the downstream mediator(s) that may direct leptin-induced EMT, we found functional interactions between leptin, metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) and Wnt1 signaling components. Leptin increases accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin leading to increased promoter recruitment. Silencing of β-catenin or treatment with small molecule inhibitor, ICG-001, inhibits leptin-induced EMT, invasion and tumorsphere formation. Mechanistically, leptin stimulates phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) via Akt activation resulting in a substantial decrease in the formation of GSK3β-LKB1-Axin complex which leads to increased accumulation of β-catenin. Leptin treatment also increases Wnt1 expression that contributes to GSK3β phosphorylation. Inhibition of Wnt1 abrogates leptin-stimulated GSK3β phosphorylation. We also discovered that leptin increases the expression of an important modifier of Wnt1 signaling, MTA1, which is integral to leptin-mediated regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway as silencing of MTA1 inhibits leptin-induced Wnt1 expression, GSK3β phosphorylation and β-catenin activation. Furthermore, analysis of leptin-treated breast tumors show increased expression of Wnt1, pGSK3β and Vimentin along with higher nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and reduced E-cadherin expression providing in vivo evidence for a previously unrecognized crosstalk between leptin and MTA1/Wnt signaling in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 349. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-349
Auxin movement in corn coleoptiles.

Movement of radioactive auxins was analysed in corn coleoptile sections. The results support the idea that processes involved in the transport of indoleacetic acid (IAA) are specific for growth-promoting auxins.
Transfer in Problem Solution as Related to the Type of Training

(1956). Transfer in Problem Solution as Related to the Type of Training. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 3-14.
Real-Time Automated 3-D Sensing and Recognition of Biological Microorganisms

We present an overview of approaches for automatically identifying biological microorganisms without bio-chemical/molecular processing. These methods are based on 3D optical coherent imaging interfaced with computers to perform specially developed recognition algorithms.
The Effects of Nest Date and Placement of Eggs in Burrows on Sex Ratios and Potential Survival of Hatchling Desert Tortoises, Gopherus agassizii

ABSTRACT We studied the effects of timing and placement of eggs by gravid desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii, on sex ratios and potential survival of hatchlings. We monitored nest placement by female tortoises under seminatural conditions at the Fort Irwin Study Site (FISS) in the Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California, United States, and under wild conditions in habitat surrounding FISS. We located 16 nests and found no significant difference between nest placement in the seminatural enclosure at FISS and nest placement in the wild. Gravid females deposited their eggs down the tunnel a mean distance of 0.7 m and buried their eggs at a depth of 8–10 cm from the soil surface. Utilizing this preliminary nesting data, we set up a manipulative experiment to further characterize the effect of nest site and date on sex ratios and survivorship of hatchlings. We constructed 14 egg nests and 9 pseudo-nests in the FISS enclosure and monitored incubation temperatures and resulting hatchling sex ratios. F...
Of atoms, oaks, and cannibals; or, more things that talk.

ABSTRACT While literary works are often treated as museum pieces, an alternative Romantic/Pragmatic aesthetic emphasizes instead the rootedness of all texts in lived experience. This suggests that both literary and scientific texts may be approached as performances that weave together discursive and material elements, giving language to matter, both making, and becoming, “things that talk.” Three authors are contrasted: Emerson uses natural objects as metaphors to complete his thought; Thoreau uses natural objects as mediators who enroll him to speak for them in the name of a wider ecology; Humboldt attempts to enroll nonhumans, namely cannibals, into the global civil community by asking them to speak for themselves. The resulting quandary unsettles the Cartesian boundary between human and nonhuman, subject and object; as scholars divided by this boundary, we must multiply our own relations, the better to understand the ties that bind us into the common project of building the Cosmos.
On exponential stability of contraction semigroups

A semigroup [T(t)] on a Hilbert space is exponentially stable if there exist real constants M≥1 and α>0 such that ∥T(t)∥≤Me−αt for every t≥0. If [T(t)] is a strongly continuous contraction semigroup, then it is proved that we can set M=1 in the definition of exponential stability if and only if the generator A of [T(t)] is boundedly strict dissipative (just a strict dissipative A is not enough).
Production of high-charge-state thorium and uranium ions in an electron-beam ion trap

High-charge-state thorium (up to 80+) and uranium (up to 70+) ions have been extracted from an electron-beam ion trap (EBIT). The ions were produced after injecting low-charge-state thorium and uranium ions initially from a metallic vapor vacuum arc ion source into the trap. The extracted ions from the EBIT provide microsecond-wide ion-beam pulses of about ${10}^{4}$ ions per second. The production and loss rates are estimated from modeling calculations and are compared to the measured extracted ion rates.
Serum uncouples elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration from cyclic adenosine monophosphate dependent morphological changes exhibited by cultured pituicytes

Abstract Cultured pituicytes (neurohypophysial astrocytes) are normally flat amorphous cells when incubated (90 min) in a HEPES balanced salt solution (HBSS) but become stellate when incubated in HBSS supplemented with forskolin. This stellation process is attenuated by serum (0.5% vol/vol). The experiments described here were designed to determine whether serum attenuates stellation by modulation of the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration or some other mechanism. It was observed that the effect of serum on forskolin-induced stellation was not affected by pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml) and that serum also inhibited stellation induced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; 100 μ M). Further, serum inhibited stellation induced by the membrane permeable cAMP analog 8-bromo cAMP (150 μ M). These results indicate that although an increase of intracellular cAMP concentration is necessary for pituicyte stellation, an increase of intracellular cAMP concentration may be decoupled from stellation.
Oceanography: A sea butterfly flaps its wings

Ocean acidification is predicted to harm the ocean's shell-building organisms over the coming centuries. Sea butterflies, an ecologically important group of molluscs in the Arctic and Southern oceans, are already suffering the effects.
USE OF A SANDWICH ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY STRATEGY TO STUDY MECHANISMS OF G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR ASSEMBLY

All G protein-coupled receptors are predicted to consist of a bundle of seven transmembrane helices (I-VII) that are connected by various extracellular and intracellular loops. At present, little is known about the molecular interactions that are critical for the proper assembly of the transmembrane receptor core. To address this issue, we took advantage of the ability of coexpressed N- and C-terminal m3 muscarinic receptor fragments to form functional receptor complexes (Schoneberg, T., Liu, J., and Wess, J. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 18000-18006). As a model system, we used two polypeptides, referred to as m3-trunk and m3-tail, that were generated by "splitting" the m3 muscarinic receptor within the third intracellular loop. We initially demonstrated, by employing a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay strategy, that the two receptor fragments directly associate with each other when coexpressed in COS-7 cells. Additional studies with N- and C-terminal fragments derived from other G protein-coupled receptors showed that fragment association was highly receptor-specific. In subsequent experiments, the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system was used to identify amino acids that are required for proper fragment (receptor) assembly. Point mutations were introduced into m3-trunk or m3-tail, and the ability of these mutations to interfere with efficient fragment assembly was examined. These studies showed that three highly conserved proline residues (located in transmembrane helices V, VI, and VII) are essential for proper fragment association (receptor assembly). Interestingly, incubation with classical muscarinic agonists and antagonists or allosteric ligands led to significant increases in the efficiency of fragment association (particularly upon substitution of the conserved proline residues), indicating that all of these ligands can act as "anchors" between the m3-trunk and m3-tail fragments. The approach described here should be generally applicable to gain deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms governing G protein-coupled receptor structure and assembly.
Gene classification: issues and challenges for relational learning

We present ongoing research that applies statistical relational learning techniques, in particular, propositionalization, to the challenging and interesting real-world domain of functional gene classification of the Yeast genome Sachharomyces Cerevisiae. The main objective of this paper is to identify and describe the structural and statistical properties of this domain and examine how they conflict with the assumptions of relational learning approaches. Such properties are, in fact, shared by many relational application domains and potential solutions will be of interest far beyond the particular genetic application. We show in the last part some preliminary experimental results on potential approaches to overcome such limitations by extending the existing automated feature construction strategies to accommodate the specific domain properties.