cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-Dimensional Calibration of Impact Dynamic Models

NASA Langley, under the Subsonic Rotary Wing Program, recently completed two helicopter tests in support of an in-house effort to study crashworthiness. As part of this effort, work is on-going to investigate model calibration approaches and calibration metrics for impact dynamics models. Model calibration of impact dynamics problems has traditionally assessed model adequacy by comparing time histories from analytical predictions to test at only a few critical locations. Although this approach provides for a direct measure of the model predictive capability, overall system behavior is only qualitatively assessed using full vehicle animations. In order to understand the spatial and temporal relationships of impact loads as they migrate throughout the structure, a more quantitative approach is needed. In this work impact shapes derived from simulated time history data are used to recommend sensor placement and to assess model adequacy using time based metrics and orthogonality multi-dimensional metrics. An approach for model calibration is presented that includes metric definitions, uncertainty bounds, parameter sensitivity, and numerical optimization to estimate parameters to reconcile test with analysis. The process is illustrated using simulated experiment data.
INFECTIOUS MOTOR PARALYSIS IN YOUNG RABBITS

1. The attempt to infect young rabbits and guinea pigs with material containing in all probability the virus of human infantile paralysis failed. 2. Failure to infect the primary animals almost of necessity brought failure with the secondary flea-bitten animals. It is, however barely conceivable that a non-infectious form of an organism might circulate in the blood of the primary animal and that this form, through development in an intermediate host, the flea, might become virulent for the secondary flea-bitten animal. 3. Incidentally, and presumably accidentally, a paralytic disease was observed in young rabbits associated with the presence of an organism showing certain definite characters. So far as we know this paralysis and the associated organism have not been previously described. 4. This organism is found widely distributed in the organs of the affected animals and can be demonstrated in the urine. The active destruction by the organism of the nerve cells of the spinal cord is particularly striking, and gives complete explanation for the paralysis observed clinically. 5. With the organism present in the urine the spread of the disease by contact can be easily understood. 6. The transfer of the infection from animal to animal by fleabites is possible but not probable. 7. The nature of the observed organisms is in doubt. They represent probably an intermediate stage in the life history of some protozoan parasite.
Replacement of continuous-flow left ventricular assist device via left subcostal incision.

FIGURE 1. Surgical setup for LVAD replacement. Peripheral CPB is established via right axillary arterial and right femoral venous drainage. Deairing catheter is introduced via the left femoral artery and guided into the ascending aorta. Redo sternotomy for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) replacement may be associated with an increased risk for bleeding and right ventricular dysfunction, relative to a limited subcostal incision.
RNase L Mediates the Antiviral Effect of Interferon through a Selective Reduction in Viral RNA during Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection

The 2′,5′-oligoadenylate (2-5A) system is an RNA degradation pathway which plays an important role in the antipicornavirus effects of interferon (IFN). RNase L, the terminal component of the 2-5A system, is thought to mediate this antiviral activity through the degradation of viral RNA; however, the capacity of RNase L to selectively target viral RNA has not been carefully examined in intact cells. Therefore, the mechanism of RNase L-mediated antiviral activity was investigated following encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection of cell lines in which expression of transfected RNase L was induced or endogenous RNase L activity was inhibited. RNase L induction markedly enhanced the anti-EMCV activity of IFN via a reduction in EMCV RNA. Inhibition of endogenous RNase L activity inhibited this reduction in viral RNA. RNase L had no effect on IFN-mediated protection from vesicular stomatitis virus. RNase L induction reduced the rate of EMCV RNA synthesis, suggesting that RNase L may target viral RNAs involved in replication early in the virus life cycle. The RNase L-mediated reduction in viral RNA occurred in the absence of detectable effects on specific cellular mRNAs and without any global alteration in the cellular RNA profile. Extensive rRNA cleavage, indicative of high levels of 2-5A, was not observed in RNase L-induced, EMCV-infected cells; however, transfection of 2-5A into cells resulted in widespread degradation of cellular RNAs. These findings provide the first demonstration of the selective capacity of RNase L in intact cells and link this selective activity to cellular levels of 2-5A.
A Spur Elimination Technique for Phase Interpolation-Based Fractional- $N$ PLLs

A fractional spur elimination technique that enables wide-bandwidth phase interpolation-based fractional-N phase-locked loops (PLLs) is proposed. The technique uses specially filtered dither to eliminate the spurious tones otherwise caused by inevitable phase errors. The design of a wide-bandwidth fractional-N PLL based on the spur elimination technique and a theoretical proof of the proposed technique are presented.
Feedback between zebra mussel selective feeding and algal composition affects mussel condition: did the regime changer pay a price for its success?

Summary 1. We investigated the role of algal composition on pumping, clearance, assimilation, pseudofaeces and faeces production, feeding time budgets, and condition of zebra mussels from spring to autumn at two sites in Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) and one site in western Lake Erie. Size-fractioned chlorophyll was used to distinguish between feeding on small ( 53 μm) size fractions, and mussel feeding behaviour was quantified by video observations. 2. Mussel pumping, clearance and assimilation rates varied among sites, particularly during summer, when phytoplankton composition varied considerably among sites. Lowest values were seen at the inner-bay site of Saginaw Bay, low to moderate values at the outer-bay site of Saginaw Bay, and high values at the Lake Erie site. Clearance, pumping and assimilation rates were all highly positively correlated (R2 = 0.76) with per cent contribution of flagellates to total algal biomass and negatively correlated with per cent of Microcystis aeruginosa (R2 = 0.63). The negative effects on pumping rate (as determined by clearance rate on the 53 μm fraction, could be mitigated by the presence of flagellates in the <53 μm fraction. 3. Visual observations of mussel feeding showed evidence for poor seston quality during summer negatively affecting feeding rates. High faeces production during times of low assimilation rate was suggestive of poor assimilation efficiency and/or viable gut passage of grazing resistant algae. Long periods of time not filtering by the mussels during some Microcystis blooms and lack of production of a filtering current during one experiment were suggestive of intoxication from microcystin or other secondary compounds. 4. Clearance and feeding rates of the mussels in Saginaw Bay were high during spring and autumn and very low in summer, particularly at the inner-bay site. Condition of the mussels (mass : length ratio) was highest in spring and lowest during summer. This seasonal variation probably reflected high food assimilation rate during autumn and spring and low assimilation rate and reproduction during summer. The condition of mussels throughout the year was higher at the outer-bay than the inner-bay site, reflecting better feeding conditions at the former. Mussel selective feeding may have been responsible for the poor quality of food at the inner bay site; therefore, we postulate that a regime shift in phytoplankton composition promoted by the mussels fed back into lowered condition of the mussels.
Perioperative challenges in the surgical management of ankylosing spondylitis

Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who present with spinal lesions are at an increased risk for developing perioperative complications. Due to the rigid yet brittle nature of the ankylosed spines commonly occurring with severe spinal deformity, patients are more prone to developing neurological deficits. Such risks are potentially increased not only during surgical manipulation or deformity correction, but also during image acquisition, positioning within the operating room, and intubation. In this review the complications of AS are reviewed, and recommendations are provided to avoid problems during each stage of patient management.
Extracting forest canopy structure from spatial information of high resolution optical imagery: tree crown size versus leaf area index

Leaves are the primary interface where energy, water and carbon exchanges occur between the forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. Leaf area index (LAI) is a measure of the amount of leaf area in a stand, and the tree crown size characterizes how leaves are clumped in the canopy. Both LAI and tree crown size are of essential ecological and management value. There is a lot of interest in extracting both canopy structural parameters from remote sensing. The LAI is generally estimated with spectral information from remotely sensed images at relatively coarse spatial resolution. There has been much less success in estimating tree crown size with remote sensing. The recent availability of abundant high spatial resolution imagery from space offers new potential for extracting LAI and tree crown size, particularly in the spatial domain. This study found that the spatial information in Ikonos imagery is highly valuable in estimating both tree crown size and LAI. When the conifer-and hardwood-dominated stands are pooled, tree crown sizes of conifer stands relate best to the ratio of image variance at 2×2 m spatial resolution to that at 3×3 m spatial resolution, while LAI relates best to image variance at 4×4 m spatial resolution. When the conifer-and hardwood-dominated stands are separated, image spatial information estimates tree crown size much better for conifer-dominated stands than for the hardwood-dominated stands, while the relationship between image spatial information and LAI is strengthened after the two types of stands are combined. Tree crown size is more sensitive to image spatial resolution than LAI. Image variance is more useful in estimating LAI than normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and simple ratio vegetation index (SRVI). Combining both spatial and spectral information provides some improvement in estimating LAI compared with using spatial information alone. Therefore, future efforts to estimate canopy structure with high resolution imagery should also use image spatial information.
A note on enforcing stationarity in autoregressive-moving average models

SUMMARY A simple reparameterization is given that can implicitly restrict the autoregressivemoving average parameters to the stationary and invertible region.
The evolution of the Computers and Writing Conference, the second decade

This article, written for the twentieth anniversary of the Computers and Writing Conference, is the sequel to “The Evolution of the Computers and Writing Conference” (Computers and Composition, 12(3), November, 1995). The earlier article analyzed many of the intellectual concerns, values, and language expressed in presentations at the Computers and Writing Conference from 1982 to 1994. This article does the same for the second ten conferences, 1995–2004. Throughout the second decade, we have developed a new comfort with computers, expanded our idea of “writing” beyond the traditional essay, and gained a respected place in the academy. Computers and writing has become an institution. At the same time, we sometimes worry about losing control over our teaching and can feel overwhelmed by the size of the task we undertake. Many of our values have stayed the same; however, we are optimistic about the place of technology in our work and in the culture at large, we love to experiment, and we routinely weave ideas from other disciplines and other areas of our lives into our computers and writing research.
Surgical repair of pectus excavatum relieves right heart chamber compression and improves cardiac output in adult patients—an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic study

Abstract Background Cardiac compression in pectus excavatum (PE) deformity and effect of PE surgery on cardiac function in adults have been debated. We examined the effect of PE correction on right heart size and cardiac output. Methods A retrospective evaluation was performed of 168 adult patients who underwent a modified Nuss PE repair with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography from 2011 to 2014. Seventeen patients with prior PE repair undergoing bar removal acted as controls. Results Mean age was 33.0 years (range, 18 to 71 years). There was an increase in right atrium (15.1%), tricuspid annulus (10.9%), and right ventricular outflow tract (6.1%) size after surgery (all P Conclusions Surgical correction of PE deformity caused a significant improvement in right heart chamber size and cardiac output.
CMUT with substrate-embedded springs for non-flexural plate movement

A conventional capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) is composed of many cells connected in parallel. Since the plate in each CMUT cell is anchored at its perimeter, the average displacement is several times smaller than the displacement of an equivalent ideal piston transducer. In addition, the post areas, where the plates are anchored to, are non-active and, thus, do not contribute to the transduction. We propose a CMUT structure that resembles an ideal capacitive piston transducer, where the movable top plate only undergoes translation rather than deflection. Our proposed CMUT structure is composed of a rigid plate connected to a substrate using relatively long and narrow posts, providing the spring constant for the movement of the plate. Rather than the flexure of the plate as in a conventional CMUT, this device operates based on the compression of the compliant posts. For a capacitive transducer, a thin electrostatic gap is provided under the top plate. We used finite element analysis (FEA) to design and verify the structure's functionality. The simulation results show a fractional bandwidth of over 100% in immersion for all the designs. They also confirm that the average displacement of the top plate is above 90% of its peak displacement. We fabricated the first prototype based on this idea, which only requires a simple 3-mask fabrication process. In addition to 128-element 1-D arrays, we fabricated a variety of 240 µm × 240 µm, single-element transducers with different post configurations. We successfully measured the electrical input impedance of the fabricated devices and confirmed their resonant behavior in air. Further, we measured the acoustic pressure using a calibrated hydrophone at a known distance. Using this measurement, we calculated a peak-to-peak pressure of 1.5 MPa at the face of the transducer. Our results show that it is possible to fabricate CMUTs that exhibit ideal piston-like plate movement. Because of the substrate-embedded spring elements, the plate does not need to be operated in flexural mode, as in a conventional CMUT, resulting in a significantly improved fill-factor, and, thus, a more efficient device.
Session 4 — Frequency and phase generation techniques

This session presents techniques for frequency locking and schemes for phase generation with full 2π coverage at RF/mm-wave frequencies.
Equity Unbound: A Meaningful Test for Equitable Subordination

In the 1939 case of Pepper v. Litton? the U.S. Supreme Court announced that equitable subordination, the power of the bankruptcy court to change the order in which creditors will be paid by a bankrupt debtor, must be used "to the end that fraud will not prevail, that substance will not give way to form, [and] that technical considerations will not prevent substantial justice from being done."2 Exercised by early courts as an application of their equity powers in bankruptcy, equitable subordination was aimed at piercing formal and legal subterfuges to ensure that a bankruptcy estate was properly distributed among similarly situated creditors. Courts flexibly examined the conduct of creditors, originally focusing on insiders, to prevent superficially legal behavior from creating unfair or inequitable advantages in priority. In 1978, Congress formally recognized the importance of equitable subordination by codifying a provision for it at section 510(c) of the Bankruptcy Code.3 Congress specifically refrained, however, from defining or limiting the courts' application or development of the doctrine, leaving the shaping of this remedy to the courts themselves.
Coupled Downscaled Climate Models and Ecophysiological Metrics Forecast Habitat Compression for an Endangered Estuarine Fish

Climate change is driving rapid changes in environmental conditions and affecting population and species' persistence across spatial and temporal scales. Integrating climate change assessments into biological resource management, such as conserving endangered species, is a substantial challenge, partly due to a mismatch between global climate forecasts and local or regional conservation planning. Here, we demonstrate how outputs of global climate change models can be downscaled to the watershed scale, and then coupled with ecophysiological metrics to assess climate change effects on organisms of conservation concern. We employed models to estimate future water temperatures (2010-2099) under several climate change scenarios within the large heterogeneous San Francisco Estuary. We then assessed the warming effects on the endangered, endemic Delta Smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus, by integrating localized projected water temperatures with thermal sensitivity metrics (tolerance, spawning and maturation windows, and sublethal stress thresholds) across life stages. Lethal temperatures occurred under several scenarios, but sublethal effects resulting from chronic stressful temperatures were more common across the estuary (median >60 days above threshold for >50% locations by the end of the century). Behavioral avoidance of such stressful temperatures would make a large portion of the potential range of Delta Smelt unavailable during the summer and fall. Since Delta Smelt are not likely to migrate to other estuaries, these changes are likely to result in substantial habitat compression. Additionally, the Delta Smelt maturation window was shortened by 18-85 days, revealing cumulative effects of stressful summer and fall temperatures with early initiation of spring spawning that may negatively impact fitness. Our findings highlight the value of integrating sublethal thresholds, life history, and in situ thermal heterogeneity into global change impact assessments. As downscaled climate models are becoming widely available, we conclude that similar assessments at management-relevant scales will improve the scientific basis for resource management decisions.
Phthalate metabolite levels and menopausal hot flashes in midlife women

During the menopausal transition, a woman's reproductive capacity declines, her hormone milieu changes, and her risk of hot flashes increases. Exposure to phthalates, which can be found in personal care products, can also result in altered reproductive function. Here, we investigated the associations between phthalate metabolite levels and midlife hot flashes. Eligible women (45-54 years of age) provided detailed information on hot flashes history and donated urine samples (n=195). Urinary phthalate metabolite levels were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. A higher total sum of phthalate metabolites commonly found in personal care products was associated with an increased risk of ever experiencing hot flashes (odds ratio (OR)=1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.07-1.96), hot flashes in the past 30days (OR=1.43; 95%CI=1.04-1.96), and more frequent hot flashes (OR=1.47; 95%CI=1.06-2.05). These data suggest that some phthalate exposures from personal care products are associated with menopausal hot flashes in women.
Localized Osteomyelitis Due to Mycobacterium avium Complex in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral TherapyLocalized Osteomyelitis Due to Mycobacterium avium Complex in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

We describe 3 patients who developed atypical manifestations of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection >10 months (range, 3-16 months) after attaining sustained CD4(+) T cell counts of >100 cells/microL while receiving antiretroviral therapy and not receiving MAC prophylaxis. The common features of these cases include the degree of immune reconstitution, the unusual locations of the infections, and the absence of a systemic inflammatory response. The low rate of these unusual MAC infections does not warrant continuation of primary or secondary prophylaxis after presumed immune reconstitution.
United States of America Experience with and Administrative Practice Concerning Mutual Assistance in Tax Affairs

This report was part of the project for the 2009 meeting of the European Association of Tax Law Professors in Santiago de Compostela, Spain. The general reporter for the project was Professor Dr. Roman Seer, Ruhr Universitat, Bochum, Germany. The report identifies and discusses United States cooperation with the member states of the European Union through treaties and other agreements on matters of sharing tax and taxpayer information and assisting in assembling tax information and collecting tax revenue. The United States report responds to questions that the general reporter posed and provides additional information concerning United States tax procedure.
Delegating Religious Liberty: The Executive's Role in Accommodating Religion

The Affordable Care Act of 2011 requires group health insurance plans to include “preventive care” for women; the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) interpreted this language to include all Food and Drug Administration-approved abortifacients. After receiving substantial pushback from religious organizations, HHS created two rules: one exempting churches from the “contraceptive mandate,” another creating an “accommodation” for other religious nonprofits. These groups have sued HHS, arguing that the accommodation makes them complicit in providing contraception, an act they believe is against their religious faith. While the main goal of this litigation — currently on appeal at the Supreme Court — is to expand HHS’s religious exemption, one of the threshold issues implicitly involved is whether an administrative agency can make these religious accommodations. Because crafting religious exemptions has historically been in the province of the legislature (with a growing role for the judiciary over the past fifty years), studies of the executive’s decision to grant religious exemptions are absent in legal scholarship. This Note fills that void, arguing that the history of religious exemptions, canons of administrative law, and current religious liberty jurisprudence do not support the ability of the executive to, carte blanche, create religious exemptions from general laws. I further explore the nuances of when the executive branch might be able to exempt religious individuals from laws and how the nondelegation doctrine interacts with the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. I conclude with an argument for why limiting the executive’s authority with respect to religious exemptions should not be construed as a broader argument against administrative law and why, as a normative matter, the executive branch should generally not be in the business of accommodating religion.
Shameful Ambivalences: Dimensions of Rabbinic Shame

According to a ninth-century midrash, God asks the wicked of the world why they did not come closer to God. Each person responds, “I was so steeped in my wickedness that I was ashamed.” Too ashamed, it seems, to muster sufficient courage to admit failures, change behaviors, and move closer—ritually if not spiritually—to God, and so they wallowed deeper into wickedness. Had these people not been so wicked, their shame might have spurred a return to God. A few centuries later, Moses Maimonides prefaces his introductory remarks to the Mishneh Torah with a quotation from Psalms: “Then I would not be ashamed when I regard all Your commandments.” This verse, coming after and completing the psalmist's prayer, “Would that my ways were firm in keeping your laws,” suggests that between action and complete lawfulness shamefulness exists. It is unclear whether the shamefulness Maimonides speaks of inspires fidelity to the law or impinges it. Either way, shame precedes (seeing) the law both lexicographically and phenomenologically. Before lawfulness, shame facilitates both regard of self as well as regard of notions of uprightness and of wickedness. At least according to these two sources, shame intertwines self-consciousness with self-evaluation; it mixes a sense of dark depths with a notion of ascent toward righteousness. Shame breeds inwardness and otherness, and can debilitate as well as empower. In short, shame simultaneously damns and redeems.
Bird Species Distribution Patterns in Riparian Habitats in Southeastern Arizona

Bird species densities were determined for summer and winter on 132 study plots grouped into 25 riparian habitats in or near the Huachuca Mountains of southeastern Arizona. The habitats were defined based on the dominant riparian tree species, the size of the riparian stand, and the type of adjacent upland vegetation. Vegetation characteristics and physical environmental data were collected at each plot. The type of dominant riparian tree species influenced bird species richness and total density during the breeding season. Cottonwood habitats had the greatest richness, and both cottonwood and sycamore habitats had high densities. Upland vegetation was an important factor related to winter species richness and abundance, with plots in open grassland areas having greater richness and density. Riparian stand size was a relatively poor predictor of avian density or richness in either season. Groups of bird species that shared similar density distributions in the summer were associated with specific riparian habitats. The winter pattern of species groups was not as clear, and groups could not be assigned to riparian habitats, but they were related to either wooded or open upland vegetation. Riparian habitats were also clustered based on similar densities of birds. In summer, high-elevation habitats were distinct from low-elevation and foothill habitats. In winter, riparian habitats separated into categories of wooded vs. open adjacent vegetation.
Analyzing the Performance of Mass Transit Systems: Can Effectiveness and Efficiency Be Measured

A review of the literature indicates that transit systems have had difficulties determining meaningful and appropriate performance measures. Sepcifically, there has been little done in establishing effectiveness and efficiency measures for the transit industry.
The Action of Prolactin on the Sex Accessory Glands of the Male Rat

SummaryProlactin synergizes with testosterone to increase the wet weight of the dorsolateral prostate of the rat and the functional activity of this gland, as indicated by an increase in zinc content. Prolactin, in the absence of testicular androgens, increased the uptake of zinc by the dorsolateral prostate.
RU-486 (Mifepristone) ameliorates diabetes but does not correct deficient beta-adrenergic signalling in adipocytes from mature C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of hypercorticism in the development of compromised β-adrenergic signalling in adipocytes of mature C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice. DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL UNITS: Mature male ob/ob mice and their lean littermates were treated with vehicle or the specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, RU-486 (30 mg/kg bw/d) for 21 d. MEASUREMENTS: Blood glucose, serum insulin, adipocyte Glut-4 expression, adipocyte Gsα expression, adenylylcyclase activation by β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonists in adipocyte membranes and mRNA levels for β1-, β2- and β3-adrenergic receptor subtypes in adipocytes. RESULTS: RU-486 reduced blood glucose levels in ob/ob mice to levels that were not different from lean mice. RU-486 also reduced serum insulin by approximately 50% in ob/ob mice, but failed to restore depressed Gsα or GLUT-4 expression in adipocytes of ob/ob mice. RU-486 produced a two-fold increase in β3-AR mRNA in ob/ob mice and a small but significant improvement in isoprenaline-mediated adenylylcyclase activation. CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that glucocorticoid antagonism ameliorates diabetic symptoms of the mature ob/ob mouse, but does not lessen their obesity or fully reverse deficient expression and function of components of the adipocyte β-adrenergic signalling cascade.
A brief discussion on rebuilding flows of accounting business in Net Era

With the development of computerized accounting,methods of financial accounting are changing.Traditional accounting flows have already been unsuitable for requirement of computerized accounting.Rebuilding flows of accouting business should be taken to consummate financial accounting in net era.
Use patterns, perceptions of relative harm, and gender effects in dual users of electronic and tobacco cigarettes

psychoactive effects such as for euphoria and stimulation. Still, the abuse of steroids, including testosterone is reported by athletes as well as non-athletic users. With the recent increase in reported use of testosterone by middle aged and older men for low energy and sexual interest, the risk of abuse and misuse of testosterone is a heightened safety concern for this population. From an abuse prospective, dose and duration of testosterone use may be factors that should be considered in relation to potential risk of dependence development. Conclusions: Thedose and the duration of testosterone usemay be associated with adverse effects related to testosterone abuse or misuse in different populations. These include possible increased risk of cardiovascular-related events and include possible withdrawal symptoms once testosterone use is discontinued. These factors and others are considered and presented. Financial support: N/A.
Genetic determinants of lactococcal C2viruses for host infection and their role in phage evolution.

Lactococcus lactis is an industrial starter culture used for the production of fermented dairy products. Pip (phage infection protein) bacteriophage-insensitive mutant (BIM) L. lactis DGCC11032 was isolated following challenge of parental strain DGCC7271 with C2viruses. Over a period of industrial use, phages infecting DGCC11032 were isolated from industrial whey samples and identified as C2viruses. Although Pip is reported to be the receptor for many C2viruses including species type phage c2, a similar cell-membrane-associated protein, YjaE, was recently reported as the receptor for C2virus bIL67. Characterization of DGCC7271 BIMs following challenge with phage capable of infecting DGCC11032 identified mutations in yjaE, confirming YjaE to be necessary for infection. DGCC7271 YjaE mutants remained sensitive to the phages used to generate pip variant DGCC11032, indicating a distinction in host phage determinants. We will refer to C2viruses requiring Pip as c2-type andC2viruses that require YjaE as bIL67-type. Genomic comparisons of two c2-type phages unable to infect pip mutant DGCC11032 and four bIL67-type phages isolated on DGCC11032 confirmed the segregation of each group based on resemblance to prototypical phages c2 and bIL67, respectively. The distinguishing feature is linked to three contiguous late-expressed genes: l14–15–16 (c2) and ORF34–35–36 (bIL67). Phage recombinants in which the c2-like l14–15–16 homologue gene set was exchanged with corresponding bIL67 genes ORF34–35–36 were capable of infecting a pip mutated host. Together, these results correlate the phage genes corresponding to l14–15–16 (c2) and ORF34–35–36 (bIL67) to host lactococcal phage determinants Pip and YjaE, respectively.
Commitment and Relatedness: How College Students Use Religious Coping to Manage Anxiety.

Anxiety is a common symptom among college counseling clients. Perhaps because of the unique developmental tasks they face, many later adolescents (ages 18–24 years) use religious coping to manage anxiety. Many counselors are uncertain about how to address religious themes in therapy, if at all. However, most clients of faith do not want counselors to ignore their religious beliefs. In fact, later adolescents may use faith-based coping mechanisms to navigate the challenges of their developmental stage.
Decomposition and Order of the Maximal Abelian Quotients of Certain Cyclically Presented Groups

Let b = �k ∈ Z. We consider the Maximal Abelian quotient, An ,o f We show that the order of the Maximal Abelian quotient is effectively computable, depending only on n and b, but independent of the factor- ization of b. Results relating to the decomposition and order enumer- ation of An are also presented. In particular, we show that An is 2- generated and its order satisfy the recurrence relation a1 =1 ,a 2 =4 b − 1 ,a 3 =( 3b−1) 2 ,a n =( 3b−1)an�1 −b(3b−1)an�2 +b 3 an�3 for all n ≥ 4.
Lung Cancer Screening Practices in North Carolina CT Facilities

Abstract Background The burden of lung cancer in the United States is staggering, with more Americans dying from lung cancer than the next four most common cancers combined. With endorsement of lung cancer screening by the United States Preventive Services Task Force and reimbursement by CMS, the number screened for lung cancer with low-dose CT (LDCT) is anticipated to rise in the near future. Methods In 2015, we conducted a cross-sectional study of mailed surveys to 112 ACR CT facilities across North Carolina to examine recommended guidelines for lung cancer screening, referral patterns, and patient tracking methods. We describe the survey results and compare findings with surveys of academic medical centers. Results Among 48 respondents (response rate = 42.9%), 54.2% offer lung cancer screening with LDCT (93.1% community and 6.9% academic settings); of these, 70.8% use ACR/CMS guidelines. In lung cancer screening facilities, reported patient volumes are low (average eight patients screened per month, range: 0-30) and patient tracking occurs in 72% of facilities. Conclusions Among our predominately community-based sample of facilities, we found variation in lung cancer screening guideline usage, number of patients screened, and tracking methods.
Repeated failures to obtain selective directed forgetting in lab and online samples and variations in stimuli

Previous research has produced mixed findings as to whether it is possible to selectively forget a subset of items while maintaining access to the remaining items from the same episode, using a modified version of the list-method directed forgetting (LMDF) paradigm. The present study includes six attempts to obtain the selective directed forgetting (SDF) effect with the aim of exploring its underlying mechanisms. However, despite variations in the stimuli and samples, which included both lab and online participants, we failed to obtain SDF across five experiments. In one of the experiments, we observed what appeared to be an SDF effect; however, the unexpected baseline differences across the conditions make the interpretation of this result equivocal. In contrast, standard directed forgetting effect was obtained when an LMDF condition was included in the design. An evaluation of the previous literature in combination with the present study raises questions about the reliability of the SDF phenomenon.
Determining intruder aircraft position using series of stereoscopic 2-D images

The aim of this study is to investigate methods for computing the position of an intruder aircraft relative to an observer aircraft with onboard stereo cameras. To focus on relative position estimation rather than the intruder aircraft detection through image processing, the first phase is to generate camera images given the relative position information. This process uses a simple pinhole camera method where cameras are characterized by focal length, angle of view, and resolution. The second phase is to develop two methods to estimate the relative position based on the generated camera images. Both methods employ epipolar geometry of stereo vision based on two cameras placed on the aircraft with lateral separation. Various cases are run in a Matlab/Simulink simulation environment. Simulation cases are designed to evaluate the relative position estimation methods with different aircraft trajectories, different camera separations, and different camera resolutions. Simulation results show that relative position can be estimated while both aircraft are flying along any trajectories as long as the intruder aircraft is visible by both cameras. The estimation accuracy degrades as the relative distance between the aircraft increases. The larger lateral separation seems to improve the estimation accuracy. Image resolution seems to have little to no impact on estimation accuracy.
High-risk obstetrics. II. Value of semiobjective grading system in identifying the vulnerable group.

An arbitrary system of levying penalties against all presumed adverse obstetric factors was devised. Abnormal conditions were grouped into eight categories and degrees of anticipated perinatal vulnerability were expressed as a numerical value resulting from the sum of all such penalties subtracted from a perfect score of 100. Index scores assigned to 1,001 consecutive ward service patients at the time of their initial prenatal visit permitted three general groupings: a high-risk group with scores of less than 70, 299 patients; a moderate-risk group with scores of 70 to 84, 390 patients; and a low-risk group with scores of 85 or over, 312 patients. There was a consistent trend for patients with the lowest scores to yield the poorest obstetric results. In general, the risk of antenatal and intrapartum complications as well as of poor perinatal outcome among the low scoring patients (29 per cent of the total) was twice as great as that observed in the remaining 71 per cent. This obstetric approach which includes aggressive laboratory investigation can be expected to identify in a broad sample of pregnant women a group of approximately 30 per cent who will give rise to 60 per cent or more of all pathologic outcomes. Gradations of risk occur even within socially deprived groups and the use of a simple, relatively sensitive screening device of the type presented permits a sharper focus of attention and intensification of effort upon the most vulnerable minority.
Abstract TP450: Angiotensin II-induced Hypertension is Associated With Parenchymal Arteriole and Posterior Cerebral Artery Remodeling and Reduced Cerebral Perfusion

Hypertension can cause inward artery remodeling, artery rarefaction, increased vascular resistance and blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. These conditions increase the risk of stroke and dementia. The differential effects of Ang II-induced hypertension on the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and parenchymal arterioles (PAs) have not been investigated. The PAs serve as bottlenecks for the perfusion of the cortex and are important in determining the outcome of stroke. We hypothesized that Ang II-induced hypertension would cause inward remodeling of the PAs and PCAs, artery rarefaction, and blood brain barrier breakdown. PAs and PCAs were collected from 20-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice to assess structure by pressure myography. Data collected at an intraluminal pressure of 60mmHg are presented as mean ± SEM; Sham (n=5) vs. Ang-II (n=5; 800ng/kg/day for 4 weeks). Ang II increased systolic (148 ± 4 vs 176 ± 6mmHg) and diastolic (115 ± 4 vs. 144 ± 6mmHg) blood pressures (p 0.05). Ang II-induced artery remodeling was not associated with increased BBB permeability (2 ± 1 vs 3 ± 1 % extravasation Evans Blue; p > 0.05). Our results suggest that Ang II-induced hypertension results in remodeling of the PCA and PAs associated with decreased cerebral perfusion; this could have detrimental effects on neuronal function increasing the risk of vascular dementia and stroke.
U.S. CARBON TAX SCENARIOS AND BIOENERGY

This paper documents application of the Future Agricultural Resources Model (FARM) to stylized carbon tax scenarios specified by the Stanford Energy Modeling Forum (EMF). Model results show that th...
Subgraph connectivity numbers of a graph

\(\hat \delta , \hat \lambda , \hat \kappa\)and ω denote the maximum values of the minimum degree, edge-connectivity, vertex-connectivity and clique size, respectively, of the subgraphs of the graph G. These subgraph connectivity numbers are shown to be ordered by ω-1 \(\leqslant \hat \kappa \leqslant \hat \lambda \leqslant \hat \delta\)for any graph. Extremal variations between these subgraph connectivity numbers of a graph are investigated. The constraint \(\hat \delta \leqslant 2 \hat \lambda\)− 1 is derived and equality is shown possible for certain graphs having 1 ≤ \(\leqslant \hat \lambda \leqslant 6\). Extremal relations between the chromatic number and the subgraph connectivity numbers are investigated. Computationally, the cut lemmas are described and shown to yield polynomial bounded algorithms for computing \(\hat \delta , \hat \lambda and \hat \kappa\).
Evaluating the Optic Nerve for Glaucomatous Progression

Identification of progressive glaucomatous damage to the optic disc is one of the most important aspects of glaucoma management, yet it remains largely subjective and imprecise. Progressive change in the appearance of the optic disc or retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) often precedes the development of visual field defects in glaucoma. Because visual field defects on standard automated perimetry may only be detected after a substantial number of nerve fibers has been lost, assessment of the optic disc and RNFL is essential for monitoring the initial stages of the disease. Before the development of visual field defects, structural changes in the optic disc or RNFL may be the only evidence for the ophthalmologist that the glaucoma is progressing and treatment needs to be intensified. Even in the presence of visual field defects, progression of optic disc damage may occur without any detectable evidence of functional deterioration.
Investigating web dynamics

Brownian motion is the random movement of particles in solution, as a result of their being bombarded by other particles. It was discovered by the biologist Robert Brown in 1827, and was verified by Albert Einstein in 1905. Brownian motion is significant today because it is used to simulate molecular interactions in important domains such as biochemistry and drug design. However, simulating Brownian motion by brute force is a time-consuming process because the simulator must move each individual particle at every time step. In addition, interesting events, such as two particles colliding in a certain way, only happen infrequently, and a lot of time can be spent waiting for these events of interest to occur.
Pasteurellales ord. nov.

The order Pasteurellales was circumscribed for this volume on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences; the order contains the family Pasteurellaceae.
Syntax, Morphology, Semantics: Production

This chapter discusses Genie's spontaneous production, and presents the linguistic elements and structures present in Genie's production of language in the areas of syntax, morphology, and semantics. In July 1971, Genie strung two words together. Genie produced possessive structures as soon as she began combining words. In the first part of 1973, Genie began using prepositional phrases as adverbial modifiers of full sentences. During the same period, several other prepositions entered Genie's speech, namely, at, behind, and front. Genie continued to acquire and use new prepositions. Genie's use of prepositional phrases continued to exhibit syntactic growth and complexity. In the first half of 1975, Genie used two prepositional phrases within one sentence and used a complex noun phrase in a prepositional phrase, both for the first time. In October 1971, Genie first began using verbs. Thereafter, her verb phrases increased in variety and complexity.
The Dirty Work of Poker: Impression Management and Identity

ABSTRACTPoker has penetrated mainstream popular culture in recent years with the emergence of internet poker sites and television coverage of poker’s largest events. However, not only do images of seedy, back alley poker games and riverboat gamblers persist in popular culture but the language of addiction has been attached to gambling. We draw on the research on identity, stigma and “dirty work” to examine how poker players negotiate an identity on poker and how that identity is managed both within and outside of the poker community. We show how the strategies players use for deflecting stigma are continually renegotiated.
Promises and Challenges of MSC-Based Therapies: Parkinson Disease and Parkinsonism

Abstract Parkinson disease (PD) and parkinsonism manifest as a group of neurological movement disorders resulting in uncoordinated and slowed movement, muscle rigidity, and often tremor and postural instability. In PD and the other neurodegenerative forms of parkinsonism, disease progression may lead to severe disability. However, present treatment focuses predominantly on symptom management as opposed to restoration of neuronal function. There is, therefore, intense interest in the potential for cell-based interventions. Beyond replacing damaged neurons, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could provide benefit by virtue of their neurotrophic, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, and further effects. Encouraging preclinical studies of MSC function are now being translated into clinical trials in PD itself, as well as the more rapidly progressive Parkinson-plus syndromes, such as multiple system atrophy. In this chapter, we discuss the supporting evidence for this investigative approach, future prospects, and potential pitfalls of MSC-based treatment of PD and parkinsonism.
The Influence of Reactor Parameters on the Boron Nitride-Catalyzed Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane

In this contribution, we investigate the effect of various reactor parameters on the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane using a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterogeneous catalyst. The analysis begins with an assessment of the influence of mass and heat transport on the observed ODH activity. Unexpected experimental results during this analysis prompted us to investigate the use of SiC as an inert catalyst diluent, and we found an increase in propane conversion with increasing diluent content in the reactor. Control experiments suggested that SiC itself is catalytically inactive and that there may be a significant influence of gas-phase chemistry on the observed reactivity.
Mapping of MalaCards Maladies to UMLS Concepts

Three different mapping practices are compared to create a map that identifies UMLS Metathesaurus® concepts which are semantically equivalent to maladies in MalaCards. The methods that evolved from experience with each practice are presented and discussed. The impact of each practice is discussed and examples are used to demonstrate improvements to the quality of the map produced.