Introduction to Polymer Chemistry

Introduction to Polymers History of Polymers Why Polymers? Today's Marketplace Environmental Assessment Managing Sustainability Polymer Structure (Morphology) Stereochemistry of Polymers Molecular Interactions Polymer Crystals Amorphous Bulk State Polymer Structure-Property Relationships Crystalline and Amorphous Combinations Cross-Linking Molecular Weight of Polymers Introduction Solubility Average Molecular Weight Values Fractionation of Polydisperse Systems Chromatography Colligative Molecular Weights Light-Scattering Photometry Other Techniques Viscometry Naturally Occurring Polymers Polysaccharides Cellulose Cellulose-Regenerating Processes Esters and Ethers of Cellulose Starch Other Polysaccharides Proteins Nucleic Acids Naturally Occurring Polyisoprenes Lignin Melanins Polymer Structure Genetic Engineering DNA Profiling Asphalt Step-Reaction Polymerization (Polycondensation Reactions) Comparison between the Polymer Type and the Kinetics of Polymerization Introduction Stepwise Kinetics Polycondensation Mechanisms Polyesters and Polycarbonates Synthetic Polyamides Polyimides Polybenzimidazoles and Related Polymers Polyurethanes and Polyureas Polysulfides Polyethers Polysulfones Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) and Polyketones Phenolic and Amino Plastics Synthetic Routes Liquid Crystals Microfibers Ionic Chain Reaction and Complex Coordination Polymerization (Addition Polymerization) Chain Growth Polymerization-General Cationic Polymerization Anionic Polymerization Stereoregularity and Stereogeometry Polymerization with Complex Coordination Catalysts Soluble Stereoregulating Catalysis Polyethylenes Polypropylene Polymers from 1,4-Dienes Polyisobutylene Metathesis Reactions Zwitterionic Polymerization Isomerization Polymerization Precipitation Polymerization Free Radical Chain Polymerization (Addition Polymerization) Initiators for Free Radical Chain Polymerization Mechanism for Free Radical Chain Polymerization Chain Transfer Polymerization Techniques Fluorine-Containing Polymers Polystyrene Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Solid-State Irradiation Polymerization Plasma Polymerization Copolymerization Kinetics of Copolymerization The Q-e Scheme Commercial Copolymers Block Copolymers Graft Copolymers Elastomers Blends Polymer Mixtures-IPNS and Alloys Dendrites Ionomers Fluoroelastomers Nitrile Rubber Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Terpolymers EPDM Rubber Organometallic and Metalloid Polymers Introduction Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms Condensation Organometallic Polymers Coordination Polymers Addition Polymers Inorganic Polymers Introduction Portland Cement Other Cements Silicates Silicon Dioxide (Amorphous) Sol-Gel Silicon Dioxide (Crystalline Forms)-Quartz Forms Silicon Dioxide in Electronic Chips Asbestos Polymeric Carbon-Diamond Polymeric Carbon-Graphite Internal Cyclization-Carbon Fibers and Related Materials Carbon Nanotubes Bitumens Carbon Black Polysulfur Ceramics High-Temperature Superconductors Zeolites Reactions of Polymers Reactions with Polyolefines and Polyenes Reactions of Aromatic and Aliphatic Pendant Groups Degradation Cross-Linking Reactivities of End Groups Supramolecules and Self-Assembly Transfer and Retention of Oxygen Nature's Macromolecular Catalysts Photosynthesis Mechanisms of Energy Absorption Breakage of Polymeric Materials Testing and Spectrometric Characterization of Polymers Spectronic Characterization of Polymers Surface Characterization Amorphous Region Determinations Thermal Analysis Thermal Property Tests Flammability Electrical Properties: Theory Electric Measurements Weatherability Optical Properties-Tests Chemical Resistance Rheology and Physical Tests Rheology Typical Stress-Strain Behavior Stress-Strain Relationships Specific Physical Tests Additives Fillers Reinforcements Nanocomposites Plasticizers Antioxidants Heat Stabilizers Ultraviolet Stabilizers Flame Retardants Colorants Curing Agents Antistatic Agents-Antistats Chemical Blowing Agents Compatibilizers Impact Modifiers Processing Aids Lubricants Microorganism Inhibitors Synthesis of Reactants and Intermediates for Polymers Monomer Synthesis from Basic Feedstocks Reactants for Step-Reaction Polymerization Synthesis of Vinyl Monomers Polymer Technology Polymer Processing Secondary Structures-Mesophases Fibers Elastomers Films and Sheets Polymeric Foams Reinforced Plastics (Composites) and Laminates Molding Casting Extrusion Coatings Adhesives Conductive Polymeric Materials Drug Design and Activity Synthetic Biomedical Polymers Dental Materials Emerging Polymers Green Materials Appendix A: Structures of Common Polymers Appendix B: Syllabus Appendix C: American Chemical Society Committee on Professional Training Requirements Appendix D: Comments on Health Appendix E: ISO 9000 and 14000 Appendix F: Symbols Appendix G: Web Information Index A Summary, a Glossary, Exercises, and Further Readings appear at the end of each chapter.