cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An approach to connect ultracapacitor to fuel cell powered electric vehicle and emulating fuel cell electrical characteristics using switched mode converter

Future generation automobiles are being developed on fuel cell as the principal source of power generation in automobiles. Automobiles have fast changing load requirements like acceleration or sudden uphill, thus drastically increasing load torque. Fuel cell cannot respond to these fast changing load due to it's slow dynamic response. A solution is to provide the additional energy required by increased load with secondary source of energy like ultracapacitor till fuel cell responds to the increased load current. This paper proposes a new approach to interface ultracapacitor with fuel cell as secondary source of energy using bi-directional synchronous buck converter. A novel scheme to control fuel cell terminal voltage is presented. This control scheme prevents any substantial droop in fuel cell terminal voltage during sudden load change or disturbance. The whole system with fuel cell model was simulated in SIMULINK for step change in load current. Simulation results show gradual transformation of fuel cell terminal voltage from initial steady state to final steady state with ultracapacitor providing energy during transients, hence avoiding the characteristic fuel cell voltage droop. This paper also proposes a novel method to emulate steady and dynamic electrical characteristics of fuel cell using DSP controlled buck converter.
9‐Bromo‐9‐Phenylfluorene

9-Bromo-9-phenylfluorene product: 9-bromo-9-phenylfluorene intermediate: 9-phenyl-9-fluorenol Keywords: addition, to CO; addition, to cO; Grignard and related reactions; Grignard and related reactions; metalation reactions, lithium; metalation reactions, magnesium; replacement reactions, hydroxy by halogen; assay methods, for butyllithium, with 2-butanol, menthol, 2-pentanol, or 2-propanol, 1,10-phenanthroline indicator; assay methods, for phenyllithium; bromobenzene; tetrahydrofuran; bromobenzene, irritant; flasks, creased, morton
Fetal incubator studies. II. Fetal alveolar electrolyte excretion.

Abstract Data are presented which indicate that the fluid breathing fetus maintains an effective placental circulation. With the use of a hyperbaric immersion chamber, the electrolyte excretions of fetal rabbit alveolar membrane and placenta were studied. Tracheal fluid chlorides were consistently elevated and sugars were low when compared with fetal serum concentration. A similarity between the apparent chloride excretion of fetal alveolar membrane and the gills of fish has been suggested.
Rhizobial Ecology of the Woody Legume Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) in the Sonoran Desert.

Soil samples were collected from the surface (0 to 0.6 m) and phreatic (3.9 to 4.5 m) root systems of a Prosopis glandulosa woodland in the Sonoran Desert of southern California. P. glandulosa seedlings were inoculated with these soils, and rhizobia were isolated from nodules. The phreatic soil, characterized by constant moisture and temperature but low nutrient availability, favored slow-growing (SG) isolates as nodule occupants (85%). SG isolates from the surface and phreatic soil were distinct based on differences in colony morphology. Isolates from the surface soil, characterized by high nutrient availability and widely fluctuating water content and temperature, were equally represented by fast-growing and SG rhizobia. Most SG isolates (83%) had nodule relative efficiencies of 0.80.
Soy Milks as a Dairy Milk Substitute in Prepared Food Products: Effects on Quality and Acceptability

Two plain soy milks (full-fat and light) replaced 100% of the whole dairy (cow) milk in control formulas for muffins, popovers, and frozen custard-based ice milk dessert. Milks incorporated differed in total solids, pH, viscosity, particle size distribution, and color when assessed instrumentally. Quality of the prepared food products was evaluated with objective techniques, and consumer sensory panelists assessed appearance, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. No effect of soy milk fat content on product quality or acceptability was found. Soy milk substitution impacted food product color (L*, a*, or b*). In custard-based ice milk dessert, overrun % did not differ with milk source; however, sensory results revealed both soy milks were unacceptable substitutes. In popovers, neither volume nor acceptability differed with soy milk substitution. For muffins, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability did not differ, and appearance of the soy milk products was preferred; instrumental textural differences were not found. Either soy milk can successfully be substituted for dairy milk in muffins and popovers; nutritionally, use of light soy milk is recommended.
Autoimmune Uveitis Elicited with Antigen-Pulsed Dendritic Cells Has a Distinct Clinical Signature and Is Driven by Unique Effector Mechanisms: Initial Encounter with Autoantigen Defines Disease Phenotype

Human autoimmune uveitis is a heterogeneous group of potentially blinding ocular diseases in which most patients who exhibit immunity recognize the same retinal Ag. It is represented by the model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced in mice by immunization with retinal Ag in CFA. Murine EAU is characterized by a Th1/Th17 response pattern, which may not represent all types of human uveitis. We report in this study a new model of EAU induced by injection of matured dendritic cells loaded with a uveitogenic retinal peptide. Dendritic cell-induced EAU demonstrated unique characteristics compared with traditional EAU in terms of clinical manifestations, the nature of the inflammatory infiltrating cells, the cytokine response profile, and a strict requirement for IFN-γ, whereas IL-17 appeared to play a minor role. Disease was self-limiting, but could be reinduced with the same Ag in CFA, albeit with reduced severity, suggesting postrecovery resistance. Our study demonstrates in a disease setting that the context in which the same autoantigen is initially presented to the immune system precipitates distinct forms of pathology via a distinct pathogenic pathway on the same genetic background. These findings may shed new light on the complex biology and the heterogeneous nature of human uveitis, and provide an alternative model for uveitic diseases of immune origin.
SPECIES-SPECIFIC HEMAGGLUTINOGENS IN CULTIVATED MAMMALIAN CELLS. I. THE NATURE OF SPECIES-SPECIFIC ERYTHROCYTE RECEPTORS.

Abstract Treatment of erythrocytes with proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin or papain lowered agglutinability and absorptive potency for species-specific hemagglutinins in anti-cell guinea pig serums. Treatment of erythrocytes with carbohydrate-reactive periodate was ineffective. These treatments produced opposite effects in control experiments with heterophile or blood group A-specific hemagglutinins. The hypothesis is derived and discussed that erythrocyte receptor sites for species-specific hemagglutinins are of protein nature. Experimental results indicate that these species-specific proteins are antigenetically heterogeneous.
Elastic registration for videostroboscopic images of the larynx

quantify it.Registration of images is a commonly encountered problem in image processing applications. Examples of suchapplications are, remote sensing,5'13 motion detection,'1 and medical imaging.'2'15 In all of these applicationsregistration is a necessary step before higher-level image analysis. Elastic registration of contours is a specialcase of the image registration problem. In this problem contours which are one pixel wide are available and theirpoint-to..point registration is required. One of the main difficulties when applying previously reported elasticregistration algorithms to this problem is that the deformations we encountered were severe. In other words thecontours of videostroboscopic data undergo severe shrinking and ezpension due to the large motion in the vocalfolds.Recently, powerful but computationally expensive combinatorial optimization algorithms have been appliedto this problem. The complexity of these algorithms explodes exponentially with the problem size. The problemyields a non.convex functions with multiple local minima that has to be optimized. Maitre and Wu,13 proposed
GRP94/gp96 in Cancer: Biology, Structure, Immunology, and Drug Development

As an endoplasmic reticulum heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) paralog, GRP94 (glucose-regulated protein 94)/gp96 (hereafter referred to as GRP94) has been shown to be an essential master chaperone for multiple receptors including Toll-like receptors, Wnt coreceptors, and integrins. Clinically, expression of GRP94 correlates with advanced stage and poor survival in a variety of cancers. Recent preclinical studies have also revealed that GRP94 expression is closely linked to cancer growth and metastasis in melanoma, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, lung cancer, and inflammation-associated colon cancer. Thus, GRP94 is an attractive therapeutic target in a number of malignancies. The chaperone function of GRP94 depends on its ATPase domain, which is structurally distinct from HSP90, allowing design of highly selective GRP94-targeted inhibitors. In this chapter, we discuss the biology and structure-function relationship of GRP94. We also summarize the immunological roles of GRP94 based on the studies documented over the last two decades, as these pertain to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Finally, the structure-based rationale for the design of selective small-molecule inhibitors of GRP94 and their potential application in the treatment of cancer are highlighted.
The Vacancy Rate and Rent Levels in the Commercial Office Market

This paper develops and estimates a cross-sectional model of the commercial office market in which the building vacancy rate is a key factor in the determination of rents. Individual buildings in G...
Standard electromotive force of the H2AgCl;Ag cell in 30, 40, and 50 mass% dimethyl sulfoxide/water from −20 to 25 °C: pK2 and pH values for a standard “Bicine” buffer solution at subzero temperatures

Abstract The establishment of the pH (designated pH∗) of a standard buffer solution suitable as a pH reference in 30, 40, and 50 mass% dimethyl sulfoxide ( DMSO ) H 2 O mixtures at temperatures in the range −20 to 0 °C is reported. The buffer material selected was the ampholyte Bicine (N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine), and the reference standard consists of equal molal quantities of Bicine and its sodium salt. The assignment of pH∗ values rests on measurements of the emf of cells without liquid junction, Pt;H2(g, 1 atm) ¦Bicine, Na Bicinate, NaCl ¦AgCl;Ag, and the pH∗ was derived from a determination of K2, the equilibrium constant for the dissociation process (Bicine) ± ⇄ (Bicinate)− + H+. The standard emf in the DMSO H 2 O solvents at subzero temperatures was determined from emf measurements of the cell with solutions of HCl replacing the buffer-chloride mixture.
Occurrence of the Great Lake's most recent invader, Hemimysis anomala, in the diet of fishes in southeastern Lake Ontario

Abstract The Ponto-Caspian mysid, Hemimysis anomala, was first observed in southeastern Lake Ontario in May 2006. During July and August 2007, gill nets were fished in 6 to 8 m of water at two locations of known Hemimysis colonization in southeastern Lake Ontario to determine if fish that consume macroinvertebrates were beginning to include this new invasive mysid in their diets. Of nine fish species captured in August, September, and October 2007, three species had consumed Hemimysis : alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus ), rock bass ( Ambloplites rupestris ), and yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ); and six species had not: round goby Apollonia melanostoma , smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu , spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius , gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum , white perch Morone americana and log perch Percina caprodes . Diets of alewives from all samples were composed predominantly of Hemimysis (69.6% -100% frequency of occurrence, 46.0%–74.5% dry weight diet composition). Two of 6 rock bass stomachs sampled in August contained ≥ 98.9% Hemimysis (10 and 40 individuals each) and one of 61 yellow perch stomachs sampled in September contained 10.0% Hemimysis (6 individuals) and 90.0% fish. While Hemimysis were observed only sparsely in the diet of most nearshore fish, their predominance in alewife diets and their omnivorous feeding behavior indicated that they have the potential to alter energy flow in Great Lakes' foodwebs.
Regionalism in soviet politics: Continuity as a source of change, 1953–1982

WITH the death of Leonid Brezhnev in November 1982 Western Sovietologists once more are provided with one of those all too rare transitions in central power since 1953 when the ability of a new central leader to emerge and initiate policy changes tells us much about the underlying institutional forces of the Soviet political system. Much speculation already has surfaced among Western Sovietologists since November 1982 about the alleged institutional forces which an Andropov or Chernenko must placate in the course of establishing his legitimacy, lest, in reforming the Soviet economy or altering policies in place since 1964, he move too precipitately and arouse the institutional forces to coalesce defensively against him or move too slowly and allow them to mount a political offensive against his initiatives.1 Heading the list by Western Sovietologists of the institutional forces whose interests limit the degree of change are the vertical ministerial bureaucracies and lobbies of power at the centre of the system, like the Soviet military establishment, the security police establishment, and a neo-Stalinist corps of central Party officials and heads of heavy industrial ministries.
Novel optical probing and micromachining techniques for silicon debug of flip chip packaged microprocessors

Methods and techniques for micromachining and probing C4 packaged microprocessors from the silicon backside are described. The micromachining technique is based on using a combination of Laser Chemical Etching and Focused Ion Beam milling to open precision probe holes and perform circuit editing from the backside. A method to optically probe flip chip packaged CMOS microprocessors is also described. The optical probing technique utilizes an infrared laser to probe diffusions directly through the silicon backside without the need to mill probe holes.
Strategies for Departmental Growth and Development

Abstract Departments of poultry science and combined departments of animal science have in the past made tremendous contributions to the success of the poultry industry, in particular, and to animal agriculture in general. For the future it is clear that the three traditional missions of land grant institutions, research, teaching, and outreach and extension will continue. The specifics of how these missions are met will change, however. The needs of the late 1990s and of the early 21st century can only be met by a commitment to excellence. This must be coupled with the development of specific goals and effective plans to achieve these objectives. By forethought and application it will be possible to build on the strong traditions of the past and ensure the development of departments of outstanding quality, to support the animal industry and serve the people of the various states and the nation.
Coupled nonlocal complex Ginzburg-Landau equations in gasless combustion

Abstract We consider the evolution of a gasless combustion front. We derive coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau type equations for the amplitudes of waves along the front as functions of slow temporal and spatial variables. The equations are written in characteristic variables and involve averaged terms which reflect the fact that in the slowest time scale, the effect on one wave, of a second wave traveling with the group velocity in the opposite direction on the intermediate time scale, enters only through its average. Solutions of the amplitude equations in the form of traveling, standing, and quasiperiodic waves are found, and regions of stability for these solutions are determined. In particular we find that the traveling and quasiperiodic (including standing) waves are not stable simultaneously. Finally, we observe that the stability analysis for coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau equations with averaged terms differs from that for coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau equations with the averages removed.
Parents' motivations for involvement in children's education: An empirical test of a theoretical model of parental involvement.

This study examined the ability of a theoretical model to predict types and levels of parental involvement during the elementary and middle school years. Predictor variables included parents' motivational beliefs about involvement, perceptions of invitations to involvement from others, and perceived life context variables. Analyses of responses from 853 parents of 1st- through 6th-grade students enrolled in an ethnically diverse metropolitan public school system in the mid-southern United States revealed that model constructs predicted significant portions of variance in parents' home- and school-based involvement even when controlling for family socioeconomic status. The predictive power of specific model constructs differed for elementary and middle school parents. Results are discussed in terms of research on parental involvement and school practice.
Education and Family Income: A Comparison of White Married Men and Women in the U.S.

The returns to years of school completed in family income were estimated for white males and females respectively with data from the 1970 U.S. Census and from eight U.S. national surveys conducted from 1972 to 1980. On the average the estimated return to a year of school was about 25 percent greater for females than for males. The male-female difference in the increment of family income from the next lower educational level was especially great for persons with one to three years of college and that increment for females is attributable very largely to marriage rather than to personal achievement. Several implications of the findings are discussed. (authors)
Journal of Melittology : First year ‘abuzz’

The Journal of Melittology celebrates its first year of activity. In total 26 articles were published comprising 243 pages, and including accounts historical and biographical interest, biological and biogeographic notes, and the description of 19 new species, two new subgenera, and three new genera in 2013.
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Reilly's Role Overload Scale:

In 1982, Reilly developed a 13-item scale to measure role overload. This scale has been widely used, but most studies did not assess the unidimensionality of the scale. Given the significance of unidimensionality in scale development, the current study reports a confirmatory factor analysis of the 13-item scale in two samples. Based on the results, a 6-item unidimensional scale is recommended. Scores from this scale correlate in predicted fashion with external criterion variables related to role overload.
DNA and RNA Syntheses by Intraerythrocytic Stages of Plasmodium knowlesi

SYNOPSIS Incorporation of the nucleic acid precursors, orotic acid, adenosine, thymidine, and uridine, was studied in various stages of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium knowlesi from infected rhesus monkeys. Incubation of the parasitized erythrocytes with the precursors was for 3 hr periods using a plasma-free culture medium. The samples containing primarily rings, early trophozoites, or late trophozoites incorporated orotic acid, adenosine, and uridine into RNA; however, these stages exhibited negligible or very low levels of incorporation of any of the precursors into DNA. The sample containing late trophozoite and schizont stages incorporated orotic acid, adenosine, and uridine into RNA, and orotic acid, adenosine, and very low levels of thymidine into DNA. These results indicate that DNA synthesis (the S phase of the cell cycle) occurs very close to the time of nuclear division, and that either the G1 or G2 phase is very short in P. knowlesi. It was also observed that adenosine and orotic acid, 2 precursors which are incorporated into both DNA and RNA, are utilized differently by the intraerythrocytic parasites. Incorporation of orotic acid into RNA and DNA and adenosine incorporation into DNA were continuous for the entire incubation period, whereas incorporation of adenosine into RNA was very low during the last 2 hr of each period. It was further demonstrated that the parasites utilized exogenous uridine for synthesis of RNA, and that the older parasite stages incorporated thymidine into DNA.
A nondevelopable locally compact hausdorff space with a Gδ-diagonal

Abstract An example is constructed of a locally compact T 2 space which has a G δ -diagonal but is not developable. This answers negatively the question of whether every p-space with a G δ -diagonal is developable. A perfect map is constructed from this space onto a space which does not have a G δ -diagonal: thus showing that a G δ -diagonal need not be preserved under a perfect map.
Predict Whom One Will Follow: Followee Recommendation in Microblogs

Microblogging services such as Twitter and Tencent Weibo have enjoyed drastic popularity in the latest few years. Recommender is essential to those microblogs as a means to find items (users or other information sources such as organizations) that might interest a user to follow. It can greatly improve user experience as well as reduce the risk of information overload might be introduced by irrelevant followees. In this paper, we examine some of the most influential factors that user might consider in selecting followees, in the hope of recommending interesting items to match each user's preferences. We investigate a large scale microblog data extracted from Tencent Weibo and conduct the evaluation of recommendations based on the guideline proposed by the challenge of Track 1 in KDD Cup 2012. Statistical analysis of the log of user actions regarding to recommendations reflect only about 7% acceptance. Experimental results show the popularity of an item is more attractive to users than other features such as the matching of item category, keywords and the influence of user actions and current followees' acceptance.
Solvent isotope effects in intramolecular catalysis: Acyl transfer reactions of 4-nitrophenyl 5-nitrosalicylate in aqueous tris buffer

Abstract A kinetic study of the reactions of 4-nitrophenyl 5-nitrosalicylate in aqueous Tris buffer at 25°C has revealed three kinetically significant reactions: Tris aminolysis of the un-ionized substrate, Tris aminolysis of the ionized substrate, and spontaneous hydrolysis of the ionized substrate. Solvent isotope effects have been measured for all three reactions. Mechanisms are discussed, and the conclusion is reached that intramolecular catalysis is operating in only the spontaneous hydrolysis.
Mycoplasma pulmonis Vsa proteins and polysaccharide modulate adherence to pulmonary epithelial cells.

The Mycoplasma pulmonis Vsa proteins are a family of size- and phase-variable lipoproteins that shield the mycoplasmas from complement and modulate attachment to abiotic surfaces. Mycoplasmas producing a long Vsa protein hemadsorb poorly and yet are proficient at colonizing rats and mice. The effect of the length of the Vsa protein on the attachment of mycoplasmas to epithelial cells has not been previously explored. We find that independent of Vsa isotype, mycoplasmas producing a long Vsa protein with many tandem repeats adhere poorly to murine MLE-12 cells compared with mycoplasmas producing a short Vsa. We also find that mutants lacking the EPS-I polysaccharide of M. pulmonis exhibited decreased adherence to MLE-12 cells, even though it has been shown previously that such mutants have an enhanced ability to form a biofilm.
Braid groups, anyons and gauge invariance

The structure of braid groups on topologically nontrivial surfaces is reviewed. The physical meaning of the braid relations and their implications on quantum mechanical properties of anyonic quasiparticles are discussed. These include not only the exotic statistics of anyons but also the Aharonov-Bohm effect for the anyons on a surface with holes. Several results on the novel properties of anyons or their states, which were previously derived by microscopic considerations, are reproduced by this seemingly kinematic and topology-dependent braid group analysis. It is suggested that in the thermodynamic limit, the global excitations in a system on a surface of nontrivial topology do not interfere with properties of local anyonic quasiparticles.
Regulation of murine α-, βmajor-, and βminor-globin gene expression

Abstract Transcriptional properties of the mouse globin genes and their promoters were examined in COS cells using transient expression assays. Transfected intact mouse α1-globin genes generate transcripts, whereas βmaj and βmin globin transcripts are detected only if the genes are associated with a strong exogenous (SV40) enhancer sequence. Under these conditions the ratio of accumulated βmaj and βmin mRNA sequences approximates the 4:1 ratio observed in reticulocytes and murine erythroleukemia cells (MELC) induced to differentiate by hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA). As determined using hybrid genes consisting of globin gene 5′ regions fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) structural gene, this 4:1 ratio appears dependent upon the relative activities of the two 5′ promoter regions.
Baryon distributions and meson production in Au+Au at 11.6 . first particle spectra from E-866

Abstract A gold beam (11.6 A·GeV/c) was delivered to experiments at Brookhaven's Tandem-AGS-Booster facility in April 1992, providing the unique opportunity to achieve in a nuclear reaction high baryon densities. It now possible to study ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions over a wide range of projectile and target masses. The data presented here are from the experiments E-866 and E-802. The first E-866 measurements [1] using the Au beam were made with existing E-802 spectrometer [2]. For E-866, an upgraded forward calorimeter has provided a hardware centrality trigger corresponding to E ZCAL ⩽ 400 GeV, with the beam kinetic energy being E BEAM = 2108 GeV. Software cuts on e zcal were used to define roughly the upper 4% of the total cross section and referred to as central Au+Au collisions. Beside the statistical errors presented here, a systematic error of (10–15)% has to be applied for each result.
External disturbances and the independence of monetary policy under the crawling peg in Colombia

Abstract This study examines the impact of external economic disturbances and the independence of monetary policy in Colombia. A five-equation econometric model is estimated. The results indicate that external occurrences have had a significant impact on Colombian prices and output. Contrary to the assumptions of the monetary approach to the balance of payments, a substantial portion of foreign reserve flows were sterilized, and the short-run balance of payments offset to domestic credit expansion was less than complete.
Protective effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor against amphotericin B-induced myelosuppression in vitro

Summary Amphotericin B causes suppression of bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells in vitro. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) enhances the proliferation of myeloid cells. The present study defines the role of G-CSF in preventing amphotericin B-induced myelosuppression. G-CSF increased the proliferative potential of BM and protected against amphotericin B-induced myelosuppression if it was added to the medium during the early phase of exposure of BM to amphotericin B. Monoclonal antibodies to tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) or interferon-γ (IFN) inhibited the myelosuppression partially: simultaneous presence of both these antibodies completely abrogated this suppression, suggesting that both TNFα and IFNγ were involved in amphotericin-induced myelosuppression. TNF- or IFN- induced suppression of BM was also inhibited by G-CSF. These data suggest that G-CSF prevents the amphotericin B-induced myelosuppression by antagonizing the suppressive effects of TNF and IFN and by enhancing the proliferative activity of BM.
Purification from human hepatoma cells of a 130-kDa membrane glycoprotein with properties of the heparin-binding growth factor receptor*

Summary The detergent-soluble 125I-labeled receptor complex resulting after affinity cross-linking of 125I-heparin-binding growth factor type one (HBGF-1, m = 15.2-kDa) to HepG2 cells had an apparent molecular mass of 145-kDa, eluted from immobilized wheat germ lectin in the presence of N-acetylglucosamine, shifted to apparent mass of 128-kDa when treated with N-glycanase and shifted to apparent mass of 205-kDa after reduction, carboxymethylation and succinylation. Electrophoretic analysis of HepG2 cell membrane proteins revealed a major silver-stained protein of apparent molecular mass of 130-kDa that has correlative properties. These properties were used to purify the 130-kDa HepG2 glycoprotein to apparent homogeneity and suggest the glycoprotein as a candidate for the human HBGF receptor.
A modular approach to developing a large deployable reflector

NASA is currently exploring the feasibility of developing a large deployable reflector (LDR) astronomical facility to perform astrophysical studies in the mid 1990's in the IR and submillimeter portion of the spectrum. This paper examines a combination of automatic deployment and on-orbit assembly that may reduce the technological complexity and cost of the LDR system. Two Shuttle volume budget scenarios are examined to assess the potential of various technological tools to reduce the LDR system complexity. It is noted that the LDR design must be flexible and allow one subsystem to be modified without adversely affecting the entire system. One way to achieve this flexibility is a modular design approach (MDA) in which the major subsystems are physically separated during launch and assembled on orbit. NASA is defining a technology development plan for LDR that will identify the technology advances that are required. It is concluded that the MDA offers the flexibility to easily incorporate these advances into the design.
The novel analysis of uranyl compounds by electrospray-ion mobility-mass spectrometry

Abstract This study relates the first mass identification of mobility peaks associated with uranyl species. These uranyl species were introduced into the gas phase by electrospray ionization and detected by ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) to obtain rapid chemical information from uranyl compounds. Uranyl compound analysis in nuclear forensic science is typically performed using alpha, gamma, and mass spectrometry after extensive sample preparation and purification. Although providing highly sensitive isotopic and concentration information, these methods do not provide chemical information during the initial stages of analysis. Ion mobility spectrometry, when coupled with mass spectrometry, provides chemical information, including mass-identified mobility values, for analyte identification. In this study, uranyl compounds were detected in both the positive and negative ionization modes by electrospray-ion mobility-time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-IM-TOFMS). The results showed that the sample type influenced the analyte ions that formed in the negative mode and that ESI solvent composition was the main factor that influenced analyte ion formation in the positive mode analysis. These results indicate that ESI-IM-TOFMS can be used to obtain rapid, chemical information for the initial analysis of a sample containing uranyl compounds.
Use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies in the Propagation of Rhesus Macaque Offspring

The assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) as tailored to the production of rhesus monkeys at the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC) are described. Efficient fertilization of mature oocytes recovered by aspiration from females subjected to follicular stimulation was achieved with fresh or frozen sperm by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Embryo development to the early cleavage stage occurred at high frequency. Cryopreserved embryos showed high postthaw survival and were also transferred in efforts to establish pregnancies. Three methods of transfer were evaluated, two involving embryo placement into the oviduct, laparoscopy and minilaparotomy, and a nonsurgical, transcervical approach that resulted in uterine deposition. Early cleaving embryos (Days 1-4) were transferred into the oviducts of synchronized recipients with optimal results and pregnancy rates of up to 36%. Pregnancy rates were similar when two fresh or frozen embryos were transferred (28- 30%), although more than two embryos had to be thawed to compensate for embryo loss during freeze-thawing. Normal gestational lengths, birth weights, and growth curves were seen with ART-produced infants compared with infants produced by natural mating in the timed mated breeding (TMB) colony at the ONPRC. In 72 singleton pregnancies established following the transfer of ART-produced embryos, the live-birth rate, at 87.5%, was statistically identical to that for the TMB colony. Further development of the ARTs should result in increasing use of these techniques to augment conventional approaches to propagating monkeys, especially those of defined genotypes.
Proton translocation and energy dependent quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence.

A light-induced, energy dependent, quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence in the presence of DCMU and an activator of cyclic electron flow, e.g. PMS or DAD, has been described recently by two groups of workers [ 1,2] . This quenching differs from the type associated with changes in the redox state of primary acceptor “Q” of photosystem II, in being reversed on the addition of uncoupling agents. The reversal of the quenching by uncouplers, such as dianemycin and amines, which presumably act by destroying a pH gradient formed in the light led to the suggestion that the quenching is a reflection of the high-energy state associated with proton translocation [2]. Using different methods, i.e. subchloroplast particles with diminished proton uptake, and treating chloroplasts with agents which inhibit light-induced proton uptake in such a fashion that the inhibition can be readily reversed, we have provided additional evidence for a direct relationship between light-induced proton uptake and the degree of quenching of fluorescence.
Pediatric rheumatology for the adult rheumatologist.

Abstract:Although many manifestations of rheumatic diseases in children are similar to those in adults, there exist important differences. These include variations in presentation and complications, differential diagnoses to consider, medication side effects, impact on growth, and psychosocial issue
Hepatic and splenic phagocytosis of isophilic and heterophilic antigens in immunized rats.

SummaryHepatic and splenic uptakes of 51Cr-labeled sheep red cells (SRC) were significantly depressed in adult rats which had previously been immunized with heterophilic antigen (HA, boiled homogenate of guinea pig kidney). Uptake of 51Cr-labeled HA was not affected by preimmunization. Administration of HA to newborn rats significantly depressed uptake of 51Cr-SRC, but not of 51Cr-HA, given 10–13 weeks later. Administration of SRC to newborn rats failed to interfere with uptake of 51Cr-SRC or 51Cr-HA later in life. Since these observations parallel the reduced formation of antibodies for SRC in rats preimmunized with HA, the changes in phagocytosis and immune responses may be attributable to imprinting of numerous macrophages with receptors specific for HA. Subsequently introduced SRC may thus be diverted to HA-specific macrophages and be prevented from contact with macrophages better equipped to phagocytose and process this substrate containing both heterophilic and isophilic antigens.
Replication Of Grazing Incidence Optics

The replication of grazing incidence optics is reviewed. Electroform and epoxy replication are described and compared. It is concluded that for light weight and deep nesting, replication has a distinct advantage over direct production. The resolution of optics produced in this manner is however, limited to about 10 arc seconds; a typical value is 40 arc seconds. Epoxy replicated pieces tend to have better optical figures than electroformed optics, but the latter can be made thinner to make more deeply nested systems.
Prediction of Tool Wear Based on Cutting Forces When End Milling Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V

Research regarding tool wear in the machining of difficult materials is important because it is a significant indicator of process failure in terms of degradation of part quality, and the resulting high cost and increased process time. Prior researchers have investigated the effects of cutting parameters on tool wear and as a result, tool life has seen significant improvement. However, these studies are not concerned with tool flank wear during machining; they instead focus on tool flank wear after a certain amount of cutting distance. This study proposes a new method of predicting tool flank wear during machining that has the capability of suggesting tool failure without directly measuring the tool. For this purpose, a detailed set of experiments on end milling of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V was conducted and analyzed. Then, the resultant force output, which can be monitored during machining, was used to establish a predictive algorithm for tool flank wear. Using the increase in the resultant force as well as the total energy spent on the workpiece, it was shown that tool flank wear can be effectively predicted during machining and this can decrease the time spent on tool failure inspection and early tool change, increasing the throughput of the process.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Cannabinoid agonists differentially substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in C57BL/6J mice

Rationale A variety of behavioral procedures have been developed to assess cannabinoid activity in mice; however, the feasibility of establishing Δ9-THC as a discriminative stimulus in mice has not been documented.
Effect of pH on bovine liver catalase as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance.

Abstract Two major rhombic high-spin ferric heme signals are observed during the pH titration of bovine liver catalase. The less rhombic signal is dominant above pH 6.0 and the more rhombic signal below pH 6.0. Ethanol in high concentration enhances the relative intensity of the less rhombic signal. These data demonstrate the sensitivity of the ligand field to changes in catalase solvent and, furthermore, suggest that both rhombic configurations possess identical spectral and catalytic properties.
Graphene and topological insulator based transistors: Beyond computing applications

Silicon based field effect transistors (FET) have been the foundation of computing industries for decades. As we approach the end of the Moore's law scaling, there have been increasing interests and efforts to explore transistors based on many “emerging” (non-Si) materials that may replace or supplement Si in future electronics and computing devices. However, Si and Si-MOSFETs remain exceptionally competitive and hard to beat by most “emerging” contenders. On the other hand, many of the non-Si based “emerging transistors” have novel physical properties that may make them highly attractive for various non-computing applications. In this talk, I will discuss transistors based on graphene and topological insulators, two classes of materials that have attracted much recent attention in physics and nanoelectronics communities. While both materials feature many novel electronic properties related to the unique Dirac electronic bandstructure, the lack of band gap brings challenges in applying them as digital electronic switches in conventional computing applications. After a brief review of graphene and TI based transistors and their prospects for digital computing applications, I will focus on two examples of exploiting the unique physical properties of these transistors for non-computing applications, particularly sensing and energy conversion.
Normal total emittance at 400–850 K and normal spectral reflectance at room temperature of Be, Hf, Nb, Ta, Ti, V and Zr

Abstract In research conducted by the Bureau of Mines, the normal total emittance was measured on polished specimens of Be, Hf, Nb, Ta, Ti, V and Zr over the temperature range approximately 400–850 K. The normal spectral reflectance over the wavelength range 0.4–40 μm was determined for these same metals at room temperature. The emittance values calculated at 300 K from reflectance data agreed with the emittance curves. Emittance and reflectance data of other investigators are included for comparison.
A primer for morpholino use in zebrafish.

Abstract Morpholino oligonucleotides are the most common anti-sense “knockdown” technique used in zebrafish (Danio rerio). This review discusses common practices for the design, preparation, and deployment of morpholinos in this vertebrate model system. Off-targeting effects of morpholinos are discussed as well as method to minimize this potentially confounding variable via co-injection of a tP53-targeting morpholino. Finally, new uses of morpholinos are summarized and contextualized with respect to the complementary, DNA-based knockout technologies recently developed for zebrafish.
Regulation of albumin mRNA in H4 rat hepatoma cells by the availability of essential amino acids.

Deprivation of cultured H4 rat hepatoma cells for an essential amino acid (leucine, methionine, tryptophan or phenylalanine) under conditions in which the cells remain highly viable leads to a decrease in cytoplasmic albumin mRNA. The magnitude of this decrease is greatest in tryptophan-deprived and phenylalanine-deprived cells. In the tryptophan-deprived cells there is approximately a 15–17-fold decrease in albumin mRNA relative to total cytoplasmic RNA, and a 7–8-fold specific decrease in albumin mRNA relative to α-tubulin mRNA. Deprivation of the H4 cells for leucine or tryptophan causes approximately a 40–45% decrease in albumin gene transcription; however, this effect does not account for the 15–17-fold decrease in albumin mRNA abundancy caused by tryptophan limitation, or the greater effect of tryptophan limitation as compared to leucine limitation on albumin mRNA. Therefore, the decrease in albumin mRNA caused by tryptophan limitation is caused primarily by a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism.
Real-time clocks for microcomputers in behavioral research

Real-time clock strategies are described for microcomputers in behavioral research. Software-oriented and hardware-oriented counters are described in both free-running and strobed modes. An example of a clock using the Intel 8253 is given, along with driving software in 8080 assembly code and hardware for the S-100 bus.
Diseases of wild and cultured juvenile crustaceans: Insights from below the minimum landing size

Decapod crustaceans (i.e., lobsters, crabs, and shrimps) are all subject to disease, both in the wild and in culture. No life stage appears to be immune to some form of pathogen or parasite. However, juveniles appear to be the targets of some of the most pervasive and consequential diseases. It is therefore surprising, given the enormous economic value of adult decapods, that we know so little about the effects of pathogens on their vulnerable life stage. Here I review the significant diseases reported for juvenile decapods that support fisheries and aquaculture, and highlight research that demonstrates the advantage of incorporating juveniles and ecology in studies of disease.
Operant conditioning of rat H-reflex: effects on mean latency and duration.

We are currently studying the mechanisms of operantly conditioned changes in the H-reflex in the rat. Primate data suggest that H-reflex decrease is due to a positive shift in motoneuron firing threshold and a small decrease in the monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), and that increase might be due to change in group-I oligosynaptic (especially disynaptic) input. To further evaluate the possibility of conditioned change in oligosynaptic input, we compared the mean latency (i.e., the average latency of the entire H-reflex) and the duration of control (i.e., pre-conditioning) H-reflexes with those of H-reflexes after up-conditioning or down-conditioning. Up-conditioning was associated with small, statistically significant increases in H-reflex mean latency [+0.11±0.05 (±SE) ms] and duration (+0.32±0.16 ms). The mean latency of the H-reflex increase (i.e., the part added to the H-reflex by up-conditioning) was 0.28±0.14 (±SE) ms greater than that of the control H-reflex. Down-conditioning had no significant effect on mean latency or duration. While these results indicate that operant conditioning does not greatly change H-reflex mean latency or duration, the effects detected with up-conditioning are consistent with the hypothesis that decreased inhibition, or increased excitation, by homonymous and heteronymous group-I oligosynaptic input contributes to the H-reflex increase produced by up-conditioning. Several other mechanisms might also account for these small effects.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE QT INTERVAL DURING UPRIGHT EXERCISE IN CHILDREN

The QTc interval which reflects ventricular activation/repolarization has not been characterized in children during exercise. We studied 60 children (ages 5-18 years) who underwent upright cycle ergometry according to a standard James protocol. These children were without known cardiac or medical problems. The QT interval was measured at rest (R); maximal exercise (MAX); immediate post exercise (IPE); and 1 (IPE1), 3 (IPE3) and 5 (IPE5) minutes post exercise. This interval was corrected for heart rate and QTc calculated with Bazett's formula. All patients demonstrated a normal QRS duration (<0.08 sec.). Patients were assigned to one of four groups on the basis of body surface area (BSA) and sex (M, F). There were no significant differences in QTc interval on the basis of body size or sex at each level of exercise. In all out the smallest children, the QTc interval was longer at 5 min. post exercise than at rest. This suggests that there is a modest prolongation of ventricular repolarization following exercise which is an integral part of a normal exercise response.
Structure of the critical lines for the lattice gas model

Abstract Despite its simplicity, the three-component lattice gas model (in which one component is “holes”) for compressible binary mixtures is known to have many important features of the global phase behavior in common with more realistic equations of state. In this paper the underlying structure of the critical lines in a composition-composition projection is investigated by demarking, but maintaining, all unstable segments in the diagrams. Changes in the class of phase behavior with variations of the interaction parameters are then seen to be frequently accompanied by premonitory changes in the critical lines occuring in the unstable regions. A principal transition mechanism is a “crossing point” at which two critical lines meet and exchange branches. An equation for the critical line is given in closed form and used to investigate major regions in the global phase diagram including symmetric sections and the Griffiths shield region.
Quasi-isometric rigidity of Fuchsian buildings

Abstract We show that if a homeomorphism between the ideal boundaries of two Fuchsian buildings preserves the combinatorial cross ratio almost everywhere, then it extends to an isomorphism between the Fuchsian buildings. Together with the results of Bourdon–Pajot and Kleiner, it implies the quasi-isometric rigidity for Fuchsian buildings: any quasi-isometry between two Fuchsian buildings that admit cocompact lattices must lie at a finite distance from an isomorphism.
Stereospecific total synthesis of 12-(r)- and 12- (s)-forms of 6-trans leukotriene B

Abstract Non enzymatic hydration of leukotriene A ( 1 ), the biogenetic precursor of leukotriene B ( 2 ) affords among other products two diastereomeric 6- trans -isomers of 2, the first stereospecific and efficient syntheses of which are recorded herein.