cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A morphological study of HDPE-blown films using small-angle X-ray scattering

Discrete small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has been used as an analytical tool to study the development of crystalline morphology in a series of blow-extruded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) films. Processing parameters, take-up ratio (TUR) and blow-up ratio (BUR), were the primary variables used in this investigation. Results from SAXS have led to the consideration of a new microstructural model for crystallite development in blown films. The model incorporates row-nucleated lamellae, where crystalline morphology is sensitive to TUR and BUR. Increasing TUR results in an increase in the number of lamellae in a particular stack, a decrease in fluctuations of amorphous and crystalline thickness distributions, a flattening out of undulations of crystal surfaces, and an increase in the lateral dimensions of lamellae. Increasing BUR did not significantly influence any of the SAXS parameters studied; this can be attributed to the low BURs at which the films were made. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Graph-Based Algorithms for Boolean Function Manipulation

In this paper we present a new data structure for representing Boolean functions and an associated set of manipulation algorithms. Functions are represented by directed, acyclic graphs in a manner similar to the representations introduced by Lee [1] and Akers [2], but with further restrictions on the ordering of decision variables in the graph. Although a function requires, in the worst case, a graph of size exponential in the number of arguments, many of the functions encountered in typical applications have a more reasonable representation. Our algorithms have time complexity proportional to the sizes of the graphs being operated on, and hence are quite efficient as long as the graphs do not grow too large. We present experimental results from applying these algorithms to problems in logic design verification that demonstrate the practicality of our approach.
Interactions of Russian wheat aphid, a hymenopterous parasitoid and resistant and susceptible slender wheatgrasses

Interactions among three trophic levels of resistant and susceptible slenderwheat grasses, Elymus trachycaulum (Link) Goule ex Shinners ex. H.F. Lewis, Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and a hymenopterous parasitoid were studied in the laboratory and greenhouse. These relationships were compared with a commercial susceptible wheat Triticum aestivum L. variety. Aphids reared on the resistant entries showed significantly lower weights and numbers. Significant reduction of parasitoid mummy weight and adult size was positively correlated with the effects on the aphids. Resistant entries also induced a longer prereproductive period for both the aphids and parasitoids. Numbers of aphids and aphid damage were significantly modified by the addition of parasitoids. Parasitism was higher on plants that did not have leaf rolling. These findings may indicate that antibiosis resistance studied here is not the most desirable because it decreases natural enemy vitality.
HIV/AIDS and universal precautions: knowledge and attitudes of Nepalese nursing students

AIM: This paper is a report of a study exploring Nepalese nursing students knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS and universal precautions. BACKGROUND: Nepal is facing an HIV epidemic and nurses are primary caregivers for people living with HIV/AIDS. Insufficient knowledge and negative attitudes on the part of nursing students translate into fear stigmatization and unwillingness to care for patients with HIV/AIDS. METHOD: Data were collected in 2005 for this cross-sectional study in which we examined HIV/AIDS-related knowledge attitudes and universal precautions in three levels of Nepalese nursing students (N = 127). Instruments included the HIV/AIDS Knowledge Questionnaire HIV/AIDS Attitudes Questionnaire HIV/AIDS Transmission Attitudes Questionnaire and Universal Precautions Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were employed to examine socio-demographic data. One-way anova with level in school as the between-groups factor were calculated to examine students knowledge and attitudes. FINDINGS: Nepalese nursing students have a large knowledge gap and negative attitudes regardless of level of education. Their HIV/AIDS knowledge differed statistically significantly by group but there were no statistically significant group differences in general attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. Although knowledge of universal precaution improved with year of education overall universal precautions knowledge was poor among all students regardless of level of education. CONCLUSION: Nursing curricula must include adequate and culturally relevant content on HIV/AIDS attitudes towards people living with AIDS and universal precautions.
Action of cyclic nucleotide analgoues in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Abstract Cyclic nucleotide analogues have been tested for their ability to cause the morphological conversion of Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture, as well as for effects on cyclic AMP-related enzymes. The ability of the analogues to inhibit the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity and to activate the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity in cell extracts has been measured. Cell cultures were incubated with the analogues and the effects on morphology, intracellular level of cyclic AMP, and in vivo protein kinase activation were determined. All analogues which induced the morphological conversion also caused in vivo activation of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Only N6,O2′-dibutryl and N6-monobutyryl cyclic AMp caused caused on increase in intracellular cyclic AMP, presumably through inhibition of the intracellular cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity. The increase in cyclic AMP appears to cause the protein kinase activation. However, analogues such as 8-bromo and 8-benzylthio cyclic AMP do not cause any change in intracellular cyclic AMP level and appear to activate the intracellular cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase directly.
Measurement of microsamples in atomic emission and atomic fluorescence flame spectrometry

A technique for the analysis of discreteμl samples by atomic emission and atomic fluorescence flame spectrometry is described. The results of a study of this technique are compared to other flame spectrometric techniques utilizing discrete samples and to conventional methods of flame spectrometric analysis utilizing continuous nebulization of samples. The method is found to be simple, rapid, and sensitive for measurement of several typical elements. Concentrational limits of detection are higher than those determined by conventional methods by about 10 to 100 times. Absolute limits of detection and analytical curves are also reported. This method of measuring small samples has potential for analysis of typical samples encountered in clinical chemistry and other applications.
Emissions from Cooking Microwave Popcorn

This study characterized chemicals released into a chamber in the process of cooking microwave popcorn. Seventeen types of microwave popcorn from eight different brands were studied. The work proceeded in two phases: phase one investigated chemicals emitted during popping and opening, phase two investigated chemicals emitted at discrete intervals from 0-40 minutes post-pop opening. The research was performed using a microwave oven enclosed in a chamber with ports for air sampling of particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs in the air samples were identified and quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). PM was characterized using both an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) to cover a full range of emitted sizes. The compounds measured during popping and opening included butter flavoring components such as diacetyl, butyric acid, acetoin, propylene glycol, 2-nonanone, and triacetin and bag components such as p-xylene and perfluorinated alcohol 8:2 telomer. The greatest chemical quantity is emitted when the bag is opened post-popping; more than 80% of the total chemical emissions occur at this time.
Proteomics: the industrialization of protein chemistry

Establishing a proteomics platform in the industrial setting initially required implementation of a series of robotic systems to allow a high-throughput approach to analysis and identification of differences observed on 2-D electrophoresis gels. Now, a simpler alternative approach employing chromatography-based systems is emerging for identification of many components of complex mixtures, which can also provide quantitative comparisons through the use of a new labeling methodology.
Perceptions of ASIMO: an exploration on co-operation and competition with humans and humanoid robots

Recent developments in humanoid robotics have made possible a vision of robots in everyday use in the home and workplace. However, little is known about how we should design social interactions with humanoid robots. We explored how co-operation versus competition in a game shaped people's perceptions of ASIMO. We found that in the co-operative interaction, people found the robot more sociable and more intellectual than in the competitive interaction while people felt more positive and were more involved in the task in the competitive condition than in the co-operative condition. Our poster presents these findings with the supporting theoretical background.
Regeneration of the articular surface of the rabbit synovial joint by cell homing: a proof of concept study

Summary Background A common approach for tissue regeneration is cell delivery, for example by direct transplantation of stem or progenitor cells. An alternative, by recruitment of endogenous cells, needs experimental evidence. We tested the hypothesis that the articular surface of the synovial joint can regenerate with a biological cue spatially embedded in an anatomically correct bioscaffold. Methods In this proof of concept study, the surface morphology of a rabbit proximal humeral joint was captured with laser scanning and reconstructed by computer-aided design. We fabricated an anatomically correct bioscaffold using a composite of poly-ɛ-caprolactone and hydroxyapatite. The entire articular surface of unilateral proximal humeral condyles of skeletally mature rabbits was surgically excised and replaced with bioscaffolds spatially infused with transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3)-adsorbed or TGFβ3-free collagen hydrogel. Locomotion and weightbearing were assessed 1–2, 3–4, and 5–8 weeks after surgery. At 4 months, regenerated cartilage samples were retrieved from in vivo and assessed for surface fissure, thickness, density, chondrocyte numbers, collagen type II and aggrecan, and mechanical properties. Findings Ten rabbits received TGFβ3-infused bioscaffolds, ten received TGFβ3-free bioscaffolds, and three rabbits underwent humeral-head excision without bioscaffold replacement. All animals in the TGFβ3-delivery group fully resumed weightbearing and locomotion 3–4 weeks after surgery, more consistently than those in the TGFβ3-free group. Defect-only rabbits limped at all times. 4 months after surgery, TGFβ3-infused bioscaffolds were fully covered with hyaline cartilage in the articular surface. TGFβ3-free bioscaffolds had only isolated cartilage formation, and no cartilage formation occurred in defect-only rabbits. TGFβ3 delivery yielded uniformly distributed chondrocytes in a matrix with collagen type II and aggrecan and had significantly greater thickness (p=0·044) and density (p Interpretation Our findings suggest that the entire articular surface of the synovial joint can regenerate without cell transplantation. Regeneration of complex tissues is probable by homing of endogenous cells, as exemplified by stratified avascular cartilage and vascularised bone. Whether cell homing acts as an adjunctive or alternative approach of cell delivery for regeneration of tissues with different organisational complexity warrants further investigation. Funding New York State Stem Cell Science; US National Institutes of Health.
Sensory Response and Two-Photon-Fluorescence Study of Regioregular Polythiophene Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of a regioregular and soluble polythiophene were fabricated by mini-emulsion technique. The fabricated nanoparticles were characterized by optical spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The fluorescence quenching of these fabricated nanoparticles with 2,4-dinitrotolune (DNT) in aqueous and organic solutions was investigated. Significant fluorescence quenching was observed. The Stern-Volmer constants were determined to be higher than that of the bulk polymer in solution, indicating that the nanoparticles provide better sensitivity in DNT sensing. Strong two-photon-induced fluorescence was measured from these nanoparticles.
Overcoming Early-Life Failure and Aging for Robust Systems

The prospect of system failure has increased because of device and chip-level effects in the late CMOS era. In this article, the authors present novel system-level architecture and design innovations to cope with these lifetime reliability challenges. At nanometer-scale geometries, several hardware failure mechanisms, which were largely benign in the past, are becoming visible at the system level. Moreover, recent studies indicate that, depending on the application, hardware failures can be significant contributors to overall system failure rates.Design of robust systems ensuring required hardware reliability, although nontrivial, is achievable but at high costs. Concurrent error detection during system operation is an extremely important aspect of such systems.Hardware reliability challenges arise from three major sources: early-life failures (also called infant mortality), radiation-induced soft errors, and circuit aging. Several techniques, such as Built-in Soft-Error Resilience (BISER), can be effectively used for correcting radiation-induced transient (soft) errors. Focus on early-life failures (ELF) and circuit aging was discussed. These techniques utilize specific characteristics of reliability mechanisms without incurring the high costs of traditional concurrent error detection.
Influence of size, morphology, surface structure, and aggregation state on reductive dissolution of hematite nanoparticles with ascorbic acid

Abstract Nanoscale iron (oxyhydr)oxide minerals are omnipresent in natural environments and past studies have found that their size, morphology, surface structure, and aggregation state influence chemical reactivity. In this study, we have investigated the influence of these factors on the reductive dissolution of hematite with ascorbic acid using two types of nanoparticles with average diameters of 6.8 ± 0.8 nm and 30.5 ± 3.5 nm, referred to as Hem-7 and Hem-30, respectively, in this paper. Hematite nanoparticles were synthesized by forced hydrolysis of ferric nitrate and characterized with powder XRD, TEM, and BET surface area measurements. Reductive dissolution experiments were conducted at 23.0 ± 0.5 °C and pH 3.35 ± 0.03 in the absence of light under nitrogen. Aqueous [Fe(II)] was measured by the ferrozine assay. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) revealed that the Hem-7 crystals are pseudo-hexagonal plates and the Hem-30 crystals are rhombohedral. Initial and steady state dissolution rates were determined from batch experiments and compared after surface area (SA) normalization: the initial rates of Hem-7 and Hem-30 are 9.11 ± 2.24 and 4.48 ± 1.62 (10 −7 mol m −2 h −1 ), and the steady state rates are 1.94 ± 0.53 and 1.29 ± 0.36 (10 −7 mol m −2 h −1 ), respectively. These results suggest that both initial and steady state rates of Hem-7 dissolution are faster than the steady state rate of Hem-30, although the differences between the steady state rates of Hem-7 and Hem-30 are within one standard deviation. HRTEM observation of individual crystals and aggregates of Hem-7 reveal that this hematite is defect-free and no preferential etching occurred. Additional TEM measurements indicate that previous to dissolution, Hem-7 is present as both dispersed particles and as aggregates. Dispersed particles dissolve initially before aggregates, which influences the dissolution rate. The Hem-30 hematite has nanoscale surface steps and internal defects, and its dissolution initiates from the steps, defects, or sharp edges of the crystals. In addition, HAADF-STEM (high angle annular dark field – scanning transmission electron microscope) tomography was employed to observe the three-dimensional structures of individual particles and aggregates. This three-dimensional tomography reveals that aggregates of nanoparticles dissolve heterogeneously and holes form on the surface of crystals. This study directly shows the importance of size, surface roughness, defects, crystal morphology and aggregation states on dissolution rates of nanoparticles.
Developing a Self-Scoring Comprehensive Instrument to Measure Rest’s Four-Component Model of Moral Behavior: The Moral Skills Inventory

One of the most extensively studied constructs in dental education is the four-component model of moral behavior proposed by James Rest and the set of instruments for measuring it developed by Rest, Muriel Bebeau, and others. Although significant associations have been identified between the four components Rest proposed (called here Moral Sensitivity, Moral Reasoning, Moral Integrity, and Moral Courage) and dental ethics courses and practitioners with disciplined licenses, there is no single instrument that measures all four components, and existing single component instruments require professional scoring. This article describes the development and validation of a short, self-scoring instrument, the Moral Skills Inventory, that measures all four components. Evidence of face validity, test/retest reliability, and concurrent convergent and divergent predictive validity are demonstrated in three populations: dental students, clinical dental faculty members, and regents and officers of the American College of Dentists. Significant issues remain in developing the Rest four-component model for use in dental education and practice. Specifically, further construct validation research is needed to understand the nature of the components. In particular, it remains undetermined whether moral constructs are characteristics of individuals that drive behavior in specific situations or whether particular patterns of moral behavior learned and used in response to individual circumstances are summarized by researchers and then imputed to practitioners.
Heterosexuality, Male Dominance, and the Father Image

In this paper I try to substantiate, by examining studies that compare homosexuals and heterosexuals. that the father image is more pivotal to sexual preference in both sexes than is the mother image. Beyond this I develop an argument about why becoming heterosexual for both sexes would involve establishing a solidary (but not seductive) relationship with the father or a father figure. Translating psychoanalytic theory into more social-structural terms, I argue that the Oedipal period may be understood as the time at which the power of the father representing the system of male dominance is substituted for the power of the mother in the mother-infant dyad. For the girl, becoming heterosexual then involves adding on a love for her father to her initial love for the mother in a relationship in which the father is dominant by virtue of both his sex and his generation. For the boy, becoming heterosexual involves reclaiming the heterosexuality he learned in infancy in a context in which he himself is dominant. In both cases, it is the father image, not that of the mother, that figures most prominently in the transition. This analysis in essence makes explicit what the psychoanalytic descriptions I drew upon assumed, namely: the nuclear family, female responsibility for infants, male dominance and homophobia. Finally, I suggest that there is likely no inherent connection between male dominance and heterosexuality and that heterosexual relations to the extent that they serve to break up the male peer group may actually mitigate this dominance.
Confronting Unique Problems with Twins

Families with twins occasionally confront unique problems warranting considerable professional attention. The possibility that twins may be less likely to be admitted to private schools of their choice, due to reduced financial contributions from family members, was recently raised. Specifically, two twin children have two sets of grandparents, while two non-twin children have four sets of grandparents; thus, schools would profit more highly by admitting non-twins. This sets the stage for reviewing steps that some universities and businesses have taken to offset the financial burdens of rearing multiples. Next, a research review of four twin studies follows. Findings on gluten sensitivity, tremors, communicative adaptability and serological differences are summarized. A tour of a fascinating twin exhibit at the Teylers Museum, in the Netherlands, concludes this column.
1,2-benzisoxazole phosphorodiamidates as novel anticancer prodrugs requiring bioreductive activation.

Several 1,2-benzisoxazole phosphorodiamidates have been designed as prodrugs of phosphoramide mustard requiring bioreductive activation. Enzymatic reduction of 1,2-benziosoxazole moiety is expected to result in the formation of imine intermediate due to the cleavage of the N−O bond. The imine should then be spontaneously hydrolyzed to a ketone metabolite, thereby facilitating base-catalyzed β-elimination of cytotoxic phosphoramide mustard. As expected, the proposed prodrugs 4, 9, and 12 were at least 3−5-fold more potent cytotoxins than control compounds 5 and 15, which lack in the phosphoramide mustard group. Upon incubation with phenobarb-induced rat liver S-9 fraction, compounds 4, 9, and 12 underwent extensive NADPH-dependent metabolism with concomitant generation of alkylating activity under both hypoxic and oxic conditions. Corresponding ketone metabolites were detected for 9 and 15. NADPH-dependent bioreduction of 15 to its ketone metabolite 16 was located in the microsomal fraction and inhibited b...
Análisis del patrón flexivo de los sustantivos relacionales en lengua mayangna

En este articulo se analiza la flexion en los sustantivos relacionales en mayangna y se argumenta que estos sustantivos constituyen una clase propia, cuya flexion se debe a la aplicacion de una restriccion que prohibe la presencia de grupos consonanticos dentro de la silaba. Se propone asi un patron flexivo CV(μ).CVAfijoC. Este patron tambien da cuenta de la variacion observada en la copia de vocales del afijo en la raiz: la presencia de una segunda mora en la primera silaba de la raiz impide que la vocal del afijo se copie en el nucleo de la raiz. Palabras Mayangna; Sustantivos relacionales; Infijo; Copia vocalica; Morfofonologia 1. LENGUA MAYANGNA 2. GRAMATICA COMPARADA Y GENERAL
First Observations of Microbaroms with Single Absolute Barometers

AbstractThe first observations of microbaroms with single absolute barometers are presented and discussed. Microbaroms are pulses of atmospheric infrasound emitted by ocean surface waves. They can propagate over thousands of kilometers through the atmosphere, and they can reach altitudes well into the upper atmosphere before they are refracted down to the earth’s surface. Typical microbarom periods are 5 s, typical wavelengths are 1.5 km, and typical surface amplitudes are 100 mPa (1 μbar). The data presented here were collected during the 2-week period from 26 February through 10 March 2008 in Amherst, Massachusetts, which is located about 150 km away from the Atlantic Ocean. The authors report for the first time, to the best of their knowledge, an f−5 microbarom frequency spectrum, which is consistent with Phillips’s f−5 ocean surface wave equilibrium spectrum.
Oxytocin mediates social neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia.

Background and Purpose—The reduced incidence, morbidity, and mortality of stroke among humans with strong social support have been well-documented; however, the mechanisms underlying these socially mediated phenomena remain unknown, but may involve oxytocin (OT), a hormone that modulates some aspects of social behavior in humans and other animals. Methods—In the present study, adult male mice were socially isolated (housed individually) or socially paired (housed with an ovariectomized female); social pairing increased hypothalamic OT gene expression. To determine whether a causal relationship exists between increased OT and improved stroke outcome, mice were treated with exogenous OT or OT receptor antagonist beginning 1 week before induction of experimental stroke via middle cerebral artery occlusion. Results—Relative to social isolation, social housing attenuated infarct size, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress following experimental stroke; the neuroprotective effect of social housing was elimina...
Temperature-dependent electroluminescence of AlGaN-based UV LEDs

The electrical and optical characteristics of AlGaN-based ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (265-365 nm) at elevated temperatures (25/spl deg/C-175/spl deg/C) were investigated, and compared to those of InGaN-based visible LEDs (400-465 nm). Strong carrier localization and localized-state emission were retained in the InGaN LEDs up to 175/spl deg/C, leading to temperature-independent emission intensity at low-energy tails. The deep-UV LEDs, however, showed dominant band-edge emission, much smaller alloy broadening, and weaker localization effects. The optical power of the UV LEDs decreased much more rapidly with increasing temperature. The characteristic temperature was in the range of 31-73 K, and decreased with increasing Al content in the active region. These findings implicate the lack of localization effects in AlGaN alloys as one of the causal factors in the poor thermal performance of the UV LEDs and suggest that increasing carrier-confining potentials will provide a critical means to improve their radiative efficiencies.
Biogeographic patterns in below-ground diversity in New York City's Central Park are similar to those observed globally

Soil biota play key roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, however, compared to our knowledge of above-ground plant and animal diversity, the biodiversity found in soils remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we present an assessment of soil biodiversity and biogeographic patterns across Central Park in New York City that spanned all three domains of life, demonstrating that even an urban, managed system harbours large amounts of undescribed soil biodiversity. Despite high variability across the Park, below-ground diversity patterns were predictable based on soil characteristics, with prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities exhibiting overlapping biogeographic patterns. Further, Central Park soils harboured nearly as many distinct soil microbial phylotypes and types of soil communities as we found in biomes across the globe (including arctic, tropical and desert soils). This integrated cross-domain investigation highlights that the amount and patterning of novel and uncharacterized diversity at a single urban location matches that observed across natural ecosystems spanning multiple biomes and continents.
A longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study of language development in children 5 to 11 years old.

Objective Language skills continue to develop rapidly in children during the school-age years and the “snapshot” view of the neural substrates of language provided by current neuroimaging studies cannot capture the dynamic changes associated with brain development. The aim of this study was to conduct a five-year longitudinal investigation of language development using fMRI in healthy children.
Disentangling manual muscle testing and Applied Kinesiology: critique and reinterpretation of a literature review

Cuthbert and Goodheart recently published a narrative review on the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing (MMT) in the Journal. The authors should be recognized for their effort to synthesize this vast body of literature. However, the review contains critical errors in the search methods, inclusion criteria, quality assessment, validity definitions, study interpretation, literature synthesis, generalizability of study findings, and conclusion formulation that merit a reconsideration of the authors' findings. Most importantly, a misunderstanding of the review could easily arise because the authors did not distinguish the general use of muscle strength testing from the specific applications that distinguish the Applied Kinesiology (AK) chiropractic technique. The article makes the fundamental error of implying that the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing lends some degree of credibility to the unique diagnostic procedures of AK. The purpose of this commentary is to provide a critical appraisal of the review, suggest conclusions consistent with the literature both reviewed and omitted, and extricate conclusions that can be made about AK in particular from those that can be made about MMT. When AK is disentangled from standard orthopedic muscle testing, the few studies evaluating unique AK procedures either refute or cannot support the validity of AK procedures as diagnostic tests. The evidence to date does not support the use of MMT for the diagnosis of organic disease or pre/subclinical conditions.
Knowledge for Corporate Energy Management - Structural Contradictions and Hope for Change?

‘Energy’ has been continuously a topic in Western discourses on environmental and technology politics, at the latest since the global oil crises between 1970 and 1980. Potential for private sector innovation to put environmental protection goals into practice is considered significant. Implicit to the aims of energy efficiency and safe energy is the presence of actors who support corporations in reaching these aims. These agents of ecological modernisation, i.e. environmental managers, and their practices have rarely been scrutinised. This paper, therefore, aims to make them the object of enquiry – approached from a Science and Technology Studies perspective. This article studies the implications for knowledge politics of techno-economic decision-making by such an actor within the energy management at a site of a multinational corporation. Based on ethnographic research at the site the article focuses on an instance of a management tool, corporate suggestion schemes, to mobilise workers’ ideas of improving the environmental performance. With this it becomes possible to attend to how corporate agents of ecological modernisation deal with the issue ‘energy’. We find that the manager uses specific forms of knowledge – adequate to the discourse of ecological modernisation – while, however, sidelining alternative forms. Thus, the latter are lost to sustainable development. It is concluded, that the actors’ knowledge practice renders corporate energy management unsustainable. To conceptualise a way out of this dilemma the article draws on theories of grounded utopias.
Dematiaceous Fungi Are an Increasing Cause of Human Disease

The dematiaceous fungi appear to be an increasing cause of human disease. At The Methodist Hospital, in Houston, Texas, five cases of serious disease caused by these fungi occurred between 1987 and 1992. Cerebral abscesses with Xylohypha bantiana followed treatment for lymphoma. An infection of the lower extremity with Exophiala jeanselmei var. castellanii followed cardiac surgery. Peritoneal growth of Altemaria tenuissima was a complication of peritoneal dialysis. Cerebral abscesses with Dactylaria gallopava occurred in a liver transplantation patient. A traumatic ankle wound contaminated with dirt led to an infection with Phialophora repens. All patients except the last were immunocompromised at the time of the infection ; diabetics and patients on steroids may be at particular risk.
MOCVD Growth and Structure of PbTiO3 Thin Films

PbTiO3 thin films grown on (001)MgO and (110)MgO by MOCVD have been characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The PbTiO3 films deposited on (001)MgO under the optimum conditions always show a bi-layer structure. The top layer of the films near the free surface is c-axis oriented with the orientation relationship (001)[100]PbTiO3∥(001)[100]MgO. The bottom layer of the films near the substrate is a-axis oriented with (100)[001]PbTiO3∥(001)[100]MgO. 90° domains were observed, but only in the caxis oriented layers. The thickness of the a-axis oriented layers near the substrate decreases with decreasing the cooling rate. PbTiO3 films deposited on (110) MgO, however, are single-layer, epitaxial films with (101)[001]PbTiO3∥(110)[001]MgO.
Differential Distributed Space-Time Modulation for Cooperative Networks

In this paper, we develop a protocol for the construction of cooperative networks when the channel state information is not available at the transmitters and the receivers. In the proposed protocol, differential space-time codewords are generated at the source terminal. In the broadcast phase, each row of the differential space-time codeword is transmitted to a different relay, whereas in the relay phase, the relaying terminals retransmit the codeword through simple amplify-and-forward algorithm. The performance of the cooperative diversity system is analyzed for a two-user case for different channel environments in. terms of the diversity gain and the diversity product. The optimization of the power allocation between source and relay terminals is considered for the maximization of the diversity product. When the same modulation scheme is used, the performance of differential detection is degraded by 3 dB noise enhancement compared with coherent detection
Cardiac excitation and propagation: what can we learn from 0D-2D models?

We present an overview of work done on simulations of cardiac excitation and propagation with models of single cells as well as models of 1 or 2 dimensional propagation. The overview attempts to present several general principles which have been established by the correlation of these simulations studies with experimental work on cardiac excitation and propagation.
Freeze Concentration of Black Currant Juice

Freeze concentration is a method used to remove pure water from juice, wine, or beer by means of crystallization. An advantage of this technology is that it completely preserves the quality of the fresh juice, so that aroma, color, and flavor remain in the concentrated black currant juice.
Network ties and mean lies: a relational approach to relational aggression.

The current study considers how the structure of peer networks facilitates or constrains children's opportunities to engage in relationally aggressive behaviors such as social exclusion and rumor spreading. Specifically, the influence of two network features, centrality and density, on relational aggression are explored using grade-level behavioral and social network data collected on a demographically diverse sample of 144 third through eighth grade urban elementary school students. As hypothesized, these network features influenced levels of teacher-rated and peer-nominated relational aggression beyond the effects of demographic characteristics (i.e., gender and grade). Results revealed that relational aggression is influenced not only by who children are, but also by where they are located in the peer context. Implications for future research and intervention are offered. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The absolute rate of fatty acid synthesis by mammary gland slices from lactating rats.

Mammary gland utilizes a combination of sub- strates in vivo. To determine if and how the substrates presented to the gland alter milk fat synthesis, slices of mam- mary gl;und of lactating rats were incubated with combina- tions of glucose, (.-lactate, and pyruvate. Uptakes and con- versions of uniformly and specifically labeled substrates to CO, and fatty acid were measured. The absolute rate of fatty acid synthesis was measured by incorporation of tritium from tritiated water into fatty acid. The extent, hut not the type. of fatty acids synthesized was affected by the substrates utilized. Glucose stimulated uptake and conver- sion to fatty acid of 1.-lactate and, to a smaller extent, of pyruvate. Analysis of CO, and fatty acid yields revealed that (U) the major stimulatory effect of glucose was on the conversion of acetyl coenzyme 4 from other substrates to fatty acid; (h) the rate of fatty acid synthesis paralleled the activity of the hexose monophosphate pathway up to a point. A likely source of the NADPH required beyond this point is provided by oxidation of malate to pyruvate. Reduction by NADH of oxaloacetate, produced during citrate cleav- age, would yield malate. Hence, maximal synthesis would require production of NADPH and NADH, a condition met when glucose and (.-lactate were substrates. Decreased fatty acid synthesis in pyruvate's presence supports this suggested requirement for cytosolic NADH in rat mammary gland.
A Review of Turfgrass Fertilizer Management Practices: Implications for Urban Water Quality

Urban watersheds include extensive turfgrass plantings that are associated with anthropocentric attitudes toward landscapes. Native and constructiondisturbed urban soils often cannot supply adequate amounts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for the growth and beauty of landscape plants. Hence, fertilization of landscape plants is practiced. Mismanaged fertilization and irrigation practices represent a potential source of nutrients that may contribute to water quality impairment. This review focuses on turfgrass fertilization practices and their impacts on urban water quality. Research results show that fertilization during active growth periods enhances turfgrass nutrient uptake efficiencies. The major concern regarding the fertilization of turfgrass and landscape plants in urban watersheds, therefore, is selecting the proper combination of fertilizer rate, timing, and placement that maximizes nutrient utilization efficiency and reduces the risk for nutrient loss to water bodies. Encouraging individuals to adopt best management practices (BMPs) is a priority for watershed managers. Research has found that educational programs are an important part of changing fertilization habits and that education needs to be thorough and comprehensive, which is beyond the scope of many seminars and fact sheets currently in use.
Tool theory and the urban data medium: Data driven visual tools for urban energy

What is the nature of data driven tools for digitally augmented urban environments? This paper addresses issues related to tool theory for the new breed of tools based on data streams generated by digital systems in urban environments. To get a better understanding of the nature of these tools I propose a viewpoint that brings together three established tool theories that approach the topic from different angles. I argue that the data driven tools in discussion cannot be adequately discussed by any one of these theories but require a combination of the three different theories. An example from my recent practice, based on urban energy systems data, serves to illustrate the conceptual framing of data driven tools at the intersection of the discussed theories. By bringing together the views on tools as ‘extension of man’, ‘virtualization of action’, and as ‘memory of social activity’ I invite designers and developers to investigate the nature of data driven tools afforded by the increasing pervasiveness of networked digital technologies in urban environments.
Measuring exposure to sexually explicit media among young men who have sex with men: a pilot study.

Background Sexually explicit media (SEM) consumption may contribute to sexual risk-taking among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Methods: The prevalence and frequency of SEM consumption as well as associations with contextual and sexual risk characteristics among 61 YMSM were estimated. Results: All participants (n = 61, 100%) reported viewing SEM; 45 (74%) in the past week. There were no significant associations between viewing SEM in the past week and measured characteristics. Conclusion: SEM use among YMSM is extremely common. Future research should clarify potential relations between SEM and sexual risk-taking with larger samples of YMSM and specific measures, including SEM content and amount.
STREAMSCOPE: continuous reliable distributed processing of big data streams

STREAMSCOPE (or STREAMS) is a reliable distributed stream computation engine that has been deployed in shared 20,000-server production clusters at Microsoft. STREAMS provides a continuous temporal stream model that allows users to express complex stream processing logic naturally and declaratively. STREAMS supports business-critical streaming applications that can process tens of billions (or tens of terabytes) of input events per day continuously with complex logic involving tens of temporal joins, aggregations, and sophisticated user-defined functions, while maintaining tens of terabytes in-memory computation states on thousands of machines. STREAMS introduces two abstractions, rVertex and rStream, to manage the complexity in distributed stream computation systems. The abstractions allow efficient and flexible distributed execution and failure recovery, make it easy to reason about correctness even with failures, and facilitate the development, debugging, and deployment of complex multi-stage streaming applications.
Pseudo-Chediak-Higashi anomaly in acute leukemia. A significant morphologic corollary?

Aberrations in leukemic cells similar to the Pelger-Huet anomaly and the May-Hegglin anomaly have been described, but generally leukemic morphologic variations are individually bizarre. We report for the first time two patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia in whose leukemic cell line morphologic abnormalities closely mimicked the Chediak-Higashi anomaly. Of our leukemic patient, one died after 6 weeks, with evidence of uncontrolled infection in lungs and urinary tract, and probable septicemia. The second patient attained complete hematologic remission with chemotherapy, but not before two separate episodes of septicemia, due to Klebsiella species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The leukocyte anomaly disappeared after remission was attained. It is suggested that the lysosomal abnormality known to result in poor granulocyte function in the inherited disorder also does so in the acquired state, pseudo-Chediak-Higashi anomaly associated with leukemia.
Comparison of plan quality and delivery time between volumetric arc therapy (RapidArc) and Gamma Knife radiosurgery for multiple cranial metastases.

Background Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has been shown feasible for radiosurgical treatment of multiple cranial lesions with a single isocenter.
Modeling Three-Dimensional Deformation in Response to Pumping of Unconsolidated Aquifers

A mathematical model and a corresponding coupled numerical model that incorporate the concepts of three dimensional poroelasticity based on Biot9s consolidation theory are developed for simulating the displacement field of solids within unconsolidated aquifers in response to induced changes in water pressure. The granular displacement model (or GDM) is incorporated into MODFLOW, a U.S. Geological Survey9s finite-difference program, and uses an efficient row-indexed storage mode and biconjugate gradient solver, so that it is tractable at the field scale. The application to three dimensions is an improvement over two-dimensional axisymmetric models incorporating Biot9s equations and over the commonly used one-dimensional subsidence models based on Terzaghi9s method of effective stress. Most subsidence due to ground-water withdrawal occurs in the inelastic range of specific storage within clay interbeds or confining units. However, most horizontal deformation occurs within coarser aquifer units. The GDM program uses both elastic and inelastic storage and Poisson9s ratio as key parameters. Conversion from elastic to inelastic specific storage occurs when the previous maximum volume strain for a particular cell is exceeded. Model outputs are compared with a currently available one-dimensional subsidence model (IBS1) developed for MODFLOW and an axisymmetric finite-element Biot program. The results indicate that under traction free conditions subsidence is a three-dimensional problem and one-dimensional subsidence models tend to focus excessive amounts of vertical deformation near the pumped well. The magnitude of vertical deformation in one-dimensional subsidence models is exacerbated as the grid size becomes smaller in the vicinity of the pumping well. This is due to increased calculated drawdown in the vicinity of the well for more finely-spaced grids.
MICROGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF GENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN SAVANNAH SPARROWS (PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS)

Surveys of genetic population structure are often limited to large geographic scales because geographically close populations are indistinguishable. Genetic uniformity across adjacent demes can be interpreted as evidence for cohesion (panmixia) or recent divergence. However, poor genetic resolution at microgeographic scales can also arise from the use of overly conservative (slowly evolving) markers. This study examines the ability of hypervariable, minisatellite loci to discriminate among geographically close populations of Savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) and to track morphological differentiation at a microgeographic scale (interregional distance < 55 km). Savannah sparrows breeding at five island and two mainland sites in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada, show concordant patterns of variation in external morphology (seven characters) and multilocus DNA fingerprinting profiles (Sxy ): island sparrows are phenotypically larger and genetically more similar to each other than they are to mainland sparrows. This pattern of variation is consistent with both adaptive (natural selection) and nonadaptive (genetic drift) mechanisms of population divergence. Based on minisatellite diversity, the effective size of both island and mainland populations is 37, an estimate substantially lower than census population sizes. These data are discordant with observations of sparrow vagility and abundance and suggest a closer examination of microgeographic patterns in avian systems.
Observations on anaerobic bacteria in the female urinary tract

Urine was cultured from adult female subjects receiving examination for urinary tract infection to determine the occurrence of anaerobic bacteria and to ascertain if such organisms are involved in urinary tract infections. A total of 810 cultures were investigated from 600 individuals. Pure cultures of obligate anaerobic strains of bacteria were isolated from 5 individuals and in mixed cultures from 36 subjects. Proof that anaerobic bacteria isolated from the urine in patients can cause urinary tract infection has not been established.