cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations of the Vertical Structure of Tidal Currents in Two Inlets

Lippmann, T. C., J. Irish, and Hunt, J., 2013. Observations of the vertical structure of tidal currents in two inlets. In: Conley, D.C., Masselink, G., Russell, P.E. and O’Hare, T.J. (eds.), Proceedings 12 th International Coastal Symposium (Plymouth, England), Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 65, pp. 2029-2034, ISSN 0749-0208. Observations of the vertical structure of broad band tidal currents were obtained at two energetic inlets. Each experiment took place over a 4 week period, the first at Hampton Inlet in southeastern New Hampshire, USA, in the Fall of 2011, and the second at New River Inlet in southern North Carolina, USA, in the spring of 2012. The temporal variation and vertical structure of the currents were observed at each site with 600 kHz and 1200 kHz RDI Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) deployed on low-profile bottom tripods in 7.5 and 12.5 m water depths near the entrance to Hampton Inlet, and in 8 and 9 m water depth within and outside New River Inlet, respectively. In addition, a Nortek Aquapro ADCP was mounted on a jetted pipe in about 2.5 m water depth on the flank of the each inlet channel. Flows within the Hampton/Seabrook Inlet were dominated by semi-diurnal tides ranging 2.5 - 4 m in elevation, with velocities exceeding 2.5 m/s. Flows within New River inlet were also semi-diurnal with tides ranging about 1 – 1.5 m in elevation and with velocities exceeding 1.5 m/s. Vertical variation in the flow structure at the dominant tidal frequency are examined as a function of location within and near the inlet. Outside the inlet, velocities vary strongly over the vertical, with a nearly linear decay from the surface to near the bottom. The coherence between the upper most velocity bin and the successively vertically separated bins drops off quickly with depth, with as much as 50% coherence decay over the water column. The phase relative to the uppermost velocity bin shifts over depth, with as much as 40 deg phase lag over the vertical, with bottom velocities leading the surface. Offshore, rotary coefficients indicate a stable ellipse orientation with rotational directions consistent over the vertical. At Hampton, the shallower ADCP, but still outside the inlet, shows a rotational structure that changes sign in the vertical indicating a sense of rotation at the bottom that is opposite to that at the surface. Within the inlet, the flow is more aligned with the channel, the decay in amplitude over the vertical is diminished, the coherence and phase structure is nearly uniform, and the rotary coefficients indicate no sense of rotation in the flow. The observations are qualitatively consistent with behavior described by Prandle (1982) for shallow water tidal flows.
Transumbilical intravascular retrieval of an umbilical artery catheter

We present a rare case of a broken umbilical artery catheter retrieved via a transumbilical approach with biopsy forceps.
Backfolding of DNA Confined in Nanotubes: Flory Theory versus the Two-State Cooperativity Model

We compare two theories for backfolding of semiflexible polymers, such as DNA, confined in circular tubes of diameter of the order of the persistence length of the macromolecule. The first theory was proposed by Odijk on the basis of a one-dimensional analogue of Flory theory, and the second theory is a cooperativity model of deflection segments and S-loops suggested by Dai et al. By performing Monte Carlo chain growth simulations of long chains, we find that Odijk’s scaling theory not only captures the contour length dependence of extension of the confined chain but also correctly predicts its asymptotic value. In contrast, the cooperativity model appears to quantify the extension only for the contour lengths that were used to parametrize the model and systematically deviates from the simulation data as the contour length increases.
Flash Proton Radiography

Protons were first investigated as radiographic probes as high energy proton accelerators became accessible to the scientific community in the 1960s. Like the initial use of X-rays in the 1800s, protons were shown to be a useful tool for studying the contents of opaque materials, but the electromagnetic charge of the protons opened up a new set of interaction processes which complicated their use. These complications in combination with the high expense of generating protons with energies high enough to penetrate typical objects resulted in proton radiography becoming a novelty, demonstrated at accelerator facilities, but not utilized to their full potential until the 1990s at Los Alamos. During this time Los Alamos National Laboratory was investigating a wide range of options, including X-rays and neutrons, as the next generation of probes to be used for thick object flash radiography. During this process it was realized that the charge nature of the protons, which was the source of the initial difficulty with this idea, could be used to recover this technique. By introducing a magnetic imaging lens downstream of the object to be radiographed, the blur resulting from scattering within the object could be focused out of the measurements, dramatically improving the resolution of proton radiography of thick systems. Imaging systems were quickly developed and combined with the temporal structure of a proton beam generated by a linear accelerator, providing a unique flash radiography capability for measurements at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This technique has now been employed at LANSCE for two decades and has been adopted around the world as the premier flash radiography technique for the study of dynamic material properties.
Is the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Really “Psychosomatic”?

The purpose of this paper is to compare the characteristics of two illnesses thought to be typically “psychosomatic” and to look into their similarities and differences. Of course, if one accepts the holistic concept1, all illnesses are psychosomatic but, to paraphrase George Orwell’s “Animal Farm” (“all animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others”), all illnesses are psychosomatic but some psychosomatic illnesses may be more psychosomatic than others. In other words the psychosocial element maybe more pronounced in some illnesses than in others.
CURRENT STATUS OF RESEARCH ON OBJECT RECEPTION AS A FUNCTION OF BALL SIZE

Ir has long been accepted that the teaching of movement skills should progress from the simple to the complex. Task analyses such as those provided by Herkowitz (1978) aid the teacher in accomplishing this. Unfortunately, few of these task analyses are substantiated by research. Catching is one example. Many variables can affect the way in which a child catches. A large ball, for example, has been purported to increase catching success for a young child. Attempts to substantiate scientifically this claim have led to a variecy of results. Gutteridge (1939) found that 4- to 6-yr.-old children caught a small ball more successfully while Meadley (1941) found that medium- to large-sized balls gave most success. Equally divergent results have been recently reported. Isaacs (1980) found that the smaller ball was caught significantly better than the larger while Payne and Koslow ( 198 1 ) concluded the opposite. The discrepant results could be a function of several factors. Many early studies did not use statistical analysis. Also, balls were often tossed by a human to the subject so reliability of projections was questioned. Although the later research cited improved upon some aspects of prior research, many questions remain. Isaacs employed a betweensubjects design for ball size while Payne and Koslow selected a within-subjects design. An undetected des~gn factor could have confounded their results. The multiple-task strategy required of the within-subjects situation has been found to confuse subjects (Grice, 1966). A subsequent study2, however, showed both designs are appropriate. Also, a second factor might be the distance of ball projection. While Isaacs projected the ball 10 ft. prior to the attempted catch, Payne and Koslow projected the ball only 4 ft. Perhaps, as the distance of projection increases the sequence relative to ball size reverses. Another study showed that varying projections across a relatively short range of distances does not seem to influence a child's catching performance in respect to ball size (Payne, 1982). A more critical finding was a significant effect of trials in the Payne and Koslow study. Visual examination of the plotted data made evident that the significant effect of trials occurred because subjects' performance was poorer on the initial trials, an adaptation effect. Since these adaptation trials would confound an analysis of performance, they were removed and the data were reanalyzed. This phenomenon occurred in each study of object reception performed by Payne and by Payne and Koslow. Frequently initially significant factors became nonsignificant once the adaptation trials were removed. Any study of catching without an analysis of trials or a sufficient number of practice trials to attain the subject's performance level is likely to be confounded by this influence. The effect of trials, no doubt, contributed to discrepancies in past research. Such diametrically opposed findings, however, must have had another basis; most likely perhaps
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Front Windshield Sticker Reminder in Reducing Texting while Driving in Young Adults.

Texting while driving is a dangerous activity that is on the rise in the United States (U.S.). Since 2011 there has been a 17% increase in the number of people injured in a motor vehicle crash involving a distracted driver. Bans on the act of texting and driving have already taken place in 46 states in the U.S., but studies have shown that they are ineffective. An unstudied method of reducing texting while driving is sticker reminders. Sticker reminders have already been proven to be an effective intervention in the realm of driver safety; one study found that a "Buckle-Up" dashboard sticker doubled the use of safety belts by front seat passengers. In this study, 104 medical students aged 21 - 29, from the University of Central Florida (UCF) College of Medicine were randomly divided into two groups, an interventional group receiving a "Drive in the Moment" windshield sticker, and a control group not receiving the sticker. Both groups took a pre- and post-survey that recorded self-reported texting and driving frequency. The results showed that the sticker intervention significantly reduced reported rates of sending texts while driving, reading texts while driving, and using social media while driving (p Language: en
Digitizing dissent: cyborg politics and fluid networks in contemporary Cuban activism

Communication technologies shape how political activist networks are produced and maintain themselves. In Cuba, despite ideologically and physically oppressive practices by the state, a severe lack of Internet access, and extensive government surveillance, a small network of bloggers and cyberactivists has achieved international visibility and recognition for its critiques of the Cuban government. This qualitative study examines the blogger collective known as Voces Cubanas in Havana, Cuba in 2012, advancing a new approach to the study of transnational activism and the role of technology in the construction of political narrative. Voces Cubanas is analyzed as a network of connections between human and non-human actors that produces and sustains powerful political alliances. Voces Cubanas and its allies work collectively to co-produce contentious political discourses, confronting the dominant ideologies and knowledges produced by the Cuban state. Transnational alliances, the act of translation, and a host of unexpected and improvised technologies play central roles in the production of these narratives, indicating new breed of cyborg sociopolitical action reliant upon fluid and flexible networks and the act of writing.
Identifying Suspicious Bidders Utilizing Hierarchical Clustering and Decision Trees.

Identifying bidders with suspicious bidding activities related to possible online auction fraud is a difficult task due to a large number of users participating in online auctions. In order to reduce the number of users to be investigated, we examine observable features of a bidder’s behavior, and utilize a hierarchical clustering technique to divide a collection of bidders into normal and deviant groups. Based on the clustering results, we generate a decision tree that can be used to efficiently characterize new bidders as normal, suspicious, or highly suspicious. To illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we collected real auction datasets from online auctions, and used 3-fold validation approach to show that the error rates of the generated decision trees are reasonably low.
Carbon nanotubes induced fibrogenesis on nanostructured substrates

While the rapidly evolving nanotechnology has shown promise in electronics, energy, healthcare and many other fields, there is increasing concern about the adverse health consequences of engineered nanomaterials. To accurately evaluate the toxicity of nanomaterials, in vitro models incorporated with in vivo microenvironment characteristics are desirable. This study aims to delineate the influence of nanotopography on the fibrogenic response of normal human lung fibroblasts to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Nanoscale gratings and pillars of various heights were fabricated on polydimethylsiloxane substrates. Cell spreading and biomechanics were measured, and fibrogenic responses including proliferation, collagen production and reactive oxygen species generation of the fibroblasts grown on the nanostructured substrates in response to MWCNTs were assessed. It was observed that the cells could be largely stretched on shallow nanogratings, leading to a stiffer cytoskeleton and nucleus, enhanced cell proliferation and collagen production, and consequently, the toxic response sensitivity of the fibroblasts was undermined. In contrast, the cell spreading and stiffness could be reduced using tall, isotropic nanopillars, which significantly improved the cell toxic sensitivity to the MWCNTs. In addition to highlighting the significant influence of cell–nanotopography interactions on cell sensing CNTs, this study contributed to the development of physiologically relevant in vitro models for nanotoxicology studies.
From RGBD image to hologram

We propose an approach to produce computer generated holograms (CGH) from RGBD data. Being able to produce CGH from RGBD images simplifies the recording process and results in more realistic reconstruction. A multilayer wavefront recording plane method is described for fast wave propagation, and it is completed with a two-step occlusion culling process to preserve the self-occlusion effect. The approach is evaluated on RGBD images of real world 3D scene and the the reconstructed images from the CGH demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Experimental Demonstration of Feature Extraction and Dimensionality Reduction Using Memristor Networks

Memristors have been considered as a leading candidate for a number of critical applications ranging from nonvolatile memory to non-Von Neumann computing systems. Feature extraction, which aims to transform input data from a high-dimensional space to a space with fewer dimensions, is an important technique widely used in machine learning and pattern recognition applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that memristor arrays can be used to perform principal component analysis, one of the most commonly used feature extraction techniques, through online, unsupervised learning. Using Sanger’s rule, that is, the generalized Hebbian algorithm, the principal components were obtained as the memristor conductances in the network after training. The network was then used to analyze sensory data from a standard breast cancer screening database with high classification success rate (97.1%).
Energy metabolic pathways control the fate and function of myeloid immune cells

The past decade has seen a significant interest in investigating the intracellular metabolism of cells of the immune system. This has increased the realization that immune cells endure metabolic reprogramming upon responding to pathogen-derived or inflammatory signals. More importantly, not only does this metabolic switch provide for the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands but also it, in a highly specific manner, determines the cellular fate and function. In this review, we discuss the metabolic aspects that regulate the differentiation and function of myeloid cells, pivotal for both innate and adaptive immunity. The manipulation of these pathways can alter the function of these cells and therefore, could provide novel therapeutic approaches in cancer and other chronic inflammatory conditions.
Using a video club design to promote teacher attention to students' ideas in science

Abstract Science education stakeholders worldwide are engaged in efforts to support teachers' noticing and making sense of students' thinking in science. Here we introduce the design of a science teaching video club and present a study of its implementation. The current design extends prior research on video clubs as a form of professional development for supporting mathematics teachers. Results indicate that the current design supported science teachers in noticing and discussing students' thinking in sustained and meaningful ways.
Overcoming challenges in single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurement of silver nanoparticles

Single particle ICP-MS has evolved rapidly as a quantitative method for determining nanoparticle size and number concentration at environmentally relevant exposure levels. Central to the application of spICP-MS is a commonly used, but not rigorously validated, calibration approach based on the measured transport efficiency and the response of ionic standards. In this work, we present a comprehensive and systematic study of the accuracy, precision and robustness of spICP-MS using the rigorously characterized reference material (RM) 8017 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Coated Nominal 75 nm Silver Nanoparticles), recently issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We report for the first time, statistically significant differences in frequency-based and size-based measures of transport efficiency with NIST RM 8013 Gold Nanoparticles and demonstrate that the size-based measure of transport efficiency is more robust and yields accurate results for the silver nanoparticle RM relative to TEM-based reference values. This finding is significant, because the frequency-based method is more widely applied. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the use of acidified ionic standards improves measurement of ICP-MS Ag response, but does not degrade the accuracy of the results for AgNP suspensions in water or various other diluents. Approaches for controlling AgNP dissolution were investigated and are shown to effectively improve particle stability in dilute suspensions required for spICP-MS analysis, while minimally affecting the measured intensity and allowing for more robust analysis. This study is an important and necessary advancement toward full validation and adoption of spICP-MS by the broader research community.
High Glucose Variability in Hospitalized Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Abstract Background: Glucose variability (GV) has been increasingly (or more extensively) studied in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the ambulatory setting; limited data exist on GV in hospitalized patients with T1D. Materials and Methods: Retrospective single center cohort study, we analyzed in-hospital glucose measurements to assess GV in 736 hospitalized patients in different units over a consecutive 5-year period of time. GV was assessed by mean blood glucose (BG), Average daily risk range (ADRR), high BG index, and low BG index. To place our findings in context, we conducted a systematic review using Cochrane collaboration methodology to critically analyze current published literature on GV in hospitalized T1D patients. Results: Overall, glycemic control was suboptimal with mean BG 183 ± 51.5 mg/dL and mean ADRR 35 with only 16% patients being categorized as low risk (ADRR <20) for hypo or hyperglycemia. Patients admitted in medical units had mean BG of 194.4 ± 42.8 mg/dL (95% CI = 101.2–346.6...
Revuelta plebeya, conciencia criolla y reivindicación jesuita: política y gobernanza en la Historia del Reino de Quito, de Juan de Velasco

Este articulo propone una lectura de la Historia del Reino de Quito en la America Meridional (1789), de Juan de Velasco, a partir de las ideas politicas y juridicas de su autor. Sugiere abordar el ...
The Universal as “What is in Common”: Comments on the Proton-Pseudos in Husserl’s Doctrine of the Intuition of Essence*

Referring to the captious expressions “‘mental’ object” and “‘immanent’ object” in §90 of Ideas I, Husserl says: “Here denominations already evince interpretations, and often quite false ones.”1 In what follows, I would like to show that denominations also evince false, and sometimes even “quite false” interpretations especially concerning the discourse of “the universal” (das Allgemeine).
The Ongoing Dialectic between Autonomy and Responsibility

Autonomy and responsibility form the two limbs of a dialectic which helps form our communal ethos. This tension is studied not only as it pertains to medicine but also as it is reflected in other social issues of caring for members of community. In examining this issue, the chapter scrutinizes autonomy and sets out criteria for determining that a decision is or is not an autonomous one. Truth-telling, as it relates to autonomy, is briefly discussed.
Sleep in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Time to raise a red flag.

Abstract Poor sleep is a frequent complaint in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). However, few studies have examined sleep problems in this population. We aimed to compare sleep complaints in patients with PNES with those with epilepsy. Subjects diagnosed as having PNES by experts using video-electroencephalography (vEEG) were recruited through the Brigham and Women's Hospital epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) between 3/25/2013 and 3/29/2018. Controls were patients with epilepsy recruited through the EMU and subspecialty clinics. All subjects were given the Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd Edition (BDI-II) and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-10 (QOLIE-10). Subjective sleep problems were identified from item 16 (changes in sleep patterns) of the BDI-II. Independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and Spearman correlation were used. A total of 149 patients with PNES and 82 patients with epilepsy completed the BDI-II and QOLIE-10. Compared with control subjects with epilepsy, patients with PNES more frequently reported moderate–severe changes in sleep patterns, notably sleeping less than usual, waking up 1–2 h too early, and having trouble returning to sleep. These changes in sleep patterns were associated with worse quality of life. Our findings suggest that sleep is more commonly reported as a problem in PNES compared with epilepsy. Because sleep plays a major role in good health, understanding the specific sleep problem in PNES may provide insight for improving quality of life for this challenging disorder.
West Nile Virus infected human dendritic cells induce natural killer T cells to produce anti-inflammatory cytokines (INC1P.406)

West Nile Virus (WNV) infection is an emerging mosquito-borne zoonosis in the U.S. WNV initially replicates in keratinocytes and skin resident dendritic cells (DCs). Infected DCs in the skin or cutaneous lymph nodes are likely to interact with Invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKTs), an innate effector cell type important for control of pathogen infections. Bidirectional interactions between DCs and iNKTs amplify the innate immune response to viral infections, thus controlling viral load and regulating adaptive immunity. iNKTs can be activated indirectly by inflammatory cytokines or stimulated by lipid antigens presented by CD1d. To assess the DC-iNKT interaction upon WNV infection, we infected human monocyte-derived DCs with WNV and studied their innate immune responses and their ability to activate isolated blood iNKTs. Infected DCs synthesized viral Envelope mRNA and protein, and upregulated costimulatory molecules but showed decreased expression of CD1d. Infected DCs secreted type I interferon, but not IL-12, IL-23, IL-18 or IL-10. Unexpectedly, the WNV-infected DCs stimulated human iNKTs to upregulate CD69 and produce IL-10, but not proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, incubation of DCs with the TLR3 ligand polyIC did not lead to iNKT IL-10 production, suggesting that DC activation by viral RNA alone does not trigger this iNKT response. In sum, WNV-infected human DCs producing type I interferon induce iNKTs to secrete IL-10 but not proinflammatory cytokines.
SURVEY OF ABNORMAL MILK PROGRAMS ADMINISTERED BY STATE REGULATORY AGENCIES1,2

Summary Through survey questionnaires, information was obtained about the abnormal milk control programs administered by state regulatory agencies. Responses were received from dairy regulatory off...
A Fast Quasi-Static Time Series Simulation Method for PV Smart Inverters with VAR Control using Linear Sensitivity Model

Fast deployment of renewable energy resources in distribution networks, especially solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, have motivated the need for inverter-based voltage regulation. Integration studies are often necessary to fully understand the potential impacts of PV inverter settings on the various elements of the distribution system, including voltage regulators and capacitor banks. A year long quasi-static time series (QSTS) at second-level granularity provides a comprehensive assessment of these impacts, however the computational burden associated with running QSTS limits its applicability. This paper proposes a fast QSTS simulation technique capable of modeling the smart inverter dynamic VAR control functionality and accurately estimating the states of controllable elements including voltage regulators and capacitor banks at each time step. Consequently, the complex interactions between various legacy voltage regulation devices is also captured. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on the IEEE 13-bus test case with a 98% reduction in computation time.
An RpaA-Dependent Sigma Factor Cascade Sets the Timing of Circadian Transcriptional Rhythms in Synechococcus elongatus

The circadian clock of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 drives oscillations in global mRNA abundances with 24-hr periodicity under constant light conditions. The circadian clock-regulated transcription factor RpaA controls the timing of circadian gene expression, but the mechanisms underlying this control are not well understood. Here, we show that four RpaA-dependent sigma factors-RpoD2, RpoD6, RpoD5, and SigF2-are sequentially activated downstream of active RpaA and are required for proper expression of circadian mRNAs. By measuring global gene expression in strains modified to individually lack rpoD2, rpoD6, rpoD5, and sigF2, we identify how expression of circadian mRNAs, including sigma factor mRNAs, is altered in the absence of each sigma factor. Broadly, our findings suggest that a single transcription factor, RpaA, is sufficient to generate complex circadian expression patterns in part by regulating an interdependent sigma factor cascade.
Clinicians' reasoning as reflected in electronic clinical note-entry and reading/retrieval: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis.

Objective To describe the literature exploring the use of electronic health record (EHR) systems to support creation and use of clinical documentation to guide future research. Materials and methods We searched databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, and CINAHL from inception to April 20, 2018, for studies applying qualitative or mixed-methods examining EHR use to support creation and use of clinical documentation. A qualitative synthesis of included studies was undertaken. Results Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. We briefly reviewed 9 studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria but provided recommendations for EHR design. We identified 4 key themes: purposes of electronic clinical notes, clinicians' reasoning for note-entry and reading/retrieval, clinicians' strategies for note-entry, and clinicians' strategies for note-retrieval/reading. Five studies investigated note purposes and found that although patient care is the primary note purpose, non-clinical purposes have become more common. Clinicians' reasoning studies (n = 3) explored clinicians' judgement about what to document and represented clinicians' thought process in cognitive pathways. Note-entry studies (n = 6) revealed that what clinicians document is affected by EHR interfaces. Lastly, note-retrieval studies (n = 12) found that "assessment and plan" is the most read note section and what clinicians read is affected by external stimuli, care/information goals, and what they know about the patient. Conclusion Despite the widespread adoption of EHRs, their use to support note-entry and reading/retrieval is still understudied. Further research is needed to investigate approaches to capture and represent clinicians' reasoning and improve note-entry and retrieval/reading.
Effects of Ingested vs. Injected Propellant on Radio-Frequency Discharge Plasma Properties

Radio-frequency (RF) ion thrusters are characterized in vacuum test facilities differentiated by pumping speed and thus subject to varying levels of neutral propellant ingestion that affect plasma plume properties and artificially raise the pressure of neutral propellant available to the thruster. These plasma properties are often used to calculate anticipated thrust values for RF thruster prototypes without consideration of the effects ingested neutral propellant may have beyond increasing the amount of neutral atoms available. This study compares exit plane plasma properties for nominal operation of a replica of the Madison Helicon Experiment operating at a propellant flow rate of 2 standard cm^3/min argon subject to 3.8 cm^3/min ingested argon flow with thruster operation over a range of propellant flow rates (1.3–60 standard cm^3/min argon) subject to a maximum ingested argon flow rate of 0.8 cm^3/min to determine the validity of compensating for neutral ingestion at higher operating pressures by increasing supplied propellant flow rates when operating at lower facility pressures. This study finds that no single operating condition at the 0.8 cm^3/min ingestion condition reproduces all the plasma property values recorded at the nominal flow rate at the 3.8 cm^3/min ingestion condition. The inability of plasma properties to be reproduced at a single adjusted flow rate is a result of the differing magnitudes of influence neutral ingestion effects have on individual plume properties.
Predicting childhood obesity using electronic health records and publicly available data.

Background Because of the strong link between childhood obesity and adulthood obesity comorbidities, and the difficulty in decreasing body mass index (BMI) later in life, effective strategies are needed to address this condition in early childhood. The ability to predict obesity before age five could be a useful tool, allowing prevention strategies to focus on high risk children. The few existing prediction models for obesity in childhood have primarily employed data from longitudinal cohort studies, relying on difficult to collect data that are not readily available to all practitioners. Instead, we utilized real-world unaugmented electronic health record (EHR) data from the first two years of life to predict obesity status at age five, an approach not yet taken in pediatric obesity research. Methods and findings We trained a variety of machine learning algorithms to perform both binary classification and regression. Following previous studies demonstrating different obesity determinants for boys and girls, we similarly developed separate models for both groups. In each of the separate models for boys and girls we found that weight for length z-score, BMI between 19 and 24 months, and the last BMI measure recorded before age two were the most important features for prediction. The best performing models were able to predict obesity with an Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve (AUC) of 81.7% for girls and 76.1% for boys. Conclusions We were able to predict obesity at age five using EHR data with an AUC comparable to cohort-based studies, reducing the need for investment in additional data collection. Our results suggest that machine learning approaches for predicting future childhood obesity using EHR data could improve the ability of clinicians and researchers to drive future policy, intervention design, and the decision-making process in a clinical setting.
Properties and projects: Reconciling resilience and transformation for adaptation and development

Abstract Resilience has surged to the forefront of conversations in the increasingly intertwined development and adaptation communities of practice. However, their use of this concept lacks an implementable vision of the connection between resilience and the sorts of transformations that are central to their goals. Instead, these communities implicitly privilege stability and persistence, a framing that neither represents the current state of resilience thinking in the literature, nor addresses the substantial body of critique concerned with the lack of attention to agency, power, and difference in resilient systems. In this paper, I argue that this state of affairs is a symptom of an approach to transformation in practice that lacks an explicit theorization of agency, power, and difference in socio-ecological resilience. To address this issue, I offer one such theorization, framing resilience as the outcome of context-specific socio-ecological projects manifest in livelihoods and aimed at achieving safety and stability for the widest number of people. By employing the Livelihoods as Intimate Government approach, which makes power relations, social difference, and agency central to explanations of observed livelihoods decisions and outcomes, this theorization identifies dynamics of socio-ecological resilience distinct from those of purely ecological resilience. I illustrate these distinctions through various cases in the literature, including studies of development projects, agrarian livelihoods, and socio-ecological system dynamics, and from these illustrations suggest larger lessons about socio-ecological resilience. Among these lessons is a clear message for the development and adaptation communities of practice: the path to the transformative goals of these communities lies in a focus on alleviating shocks and stresses on socio-ecological projects, as opposed to merely addressing their material outcomes.
Special curves and postcritically finite polynomials

We study the postcritically finite maps within the moduli space of complex polynomial dynamical systems. We characterize rational curves in the moduli space containing an infinite number of postcritically finite maps, in terms of critical orbit relations, in two settings: (1) rational curves that are polynomially parameterized; and (2) cubic polynomials defined by a given fixed point multiplier. We offer a conjecture on the general form of algebraic subvarieties in the moduli space of rational maps on containing a Zariski-dense subset of postcritically finite maps.
Crepitus and Subcutaneous Emphysema.

Crepitus and Subcutaneous Emphysema An 86-year-old woman with a history of severe emphysema presented with shortness of breath. The physical examination revealed diminished breath sounds in the rig...
Vlog Commentary YouTube Influencers as Effective Advisors in College and Career Readiness for Minorities in Computing: An Exploratory Study

Poor computing identity contributes to a deficit in performance of minority computing student compared to their other ethnic counterparts. As the demand for computing careers continues to increase, it is imperative to discover novel ways to improve the deficit of minority college and career performance in computing. Minority social media influencers that produce video log (vlog) commentary content were investigated on the YouTube platform to determine the influence they have on improving computing identity of minority students through computing and academic advisement. This exploratory study consists of two parts: (1) a synthesis of vlog commentary college and career advisement videos, coding for the quality of advisement, usability, and user experience, and (2) an advisor effectiveness and user experience survey using a selected minority social media influencer who provides computing college and career advisement. Findings suggest YouTube influencers are effective (over a series of measures), particularly for beginners in the computing field. As minorities heavily participate in and enjoy the use of YouTube and social media, computing advisement influencers on social media allow for supplemental advisement at a wide scale. Future studies intend to further experiment minority computing advisement through social media over a longer term and at varying levels of interaction. Findings help validate existing academic advisement influencers and prompts new approaches for organizations and industries to engage with prospective minority students and members for preparation and training purposes.
Study on sleeping features in children with tic disorder

Objective To study the sleeping features of children with tic disorder, searching for the medical comprehensive intervention plan based on study evidence. Methods 59 children with tic disorder and 61 healthy children (control group) were enrolled. The sleeping situation of those children was investigated by Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) under the help of their parents. Then the results were analyzed. Results The scores of bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep anxiety, parasomnia, night awakening and daytime sleepiness of children with tic disorder were obviously higher than those of control group (P 0.05). Conclusion Compared with normal children, children with tic disorder show more sleep problems, which are needed to take more special therapy when managing those children. Key words: Tic disorder; Sleep features; Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire
Novel dietary protocol prior to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to evaluate for cardiac sarcoidosis

The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is challenging. Recently, guidelines incorporated cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (F18-FDG) as a non-invasive diagnostic modality for the detection and follow-up of CS. However, this technique is dependent of patient dietary preparation to suppress physiological myocardial F18-FDG uptake. We present a case of possible CS which highlights a novel preparation protocol that facilitated appropriate myocardial suppression.
Liking guides learning: The role of interest in memory for STEM topics

Abstract Interests are an essential part of the learning process, yet no previous work has examined the relationship between learning and individual differences in domain-general interests. Across a pilot study and a confirmatory follow-up study, we tested whether the broad interest traits of person orientation and thing orientation predict memory for STEM-related topics. In both studies (total N = 624), college student participants read brief educational texts on a randomly assigned STEM topic. The topics included artificial limb design, self-driving automobiles, and the anatomy of vision. Recall performance was measured using open-ended factual questions from the readings. Participants with stronger thing-oriented interests recalled more information from the texts, while person orientation was unrelated to recall. Thing orientation also predicted performance beyond the variance explained by gender and previous knowledge. The findings from these studies highlight the cognitive consequences of interests and present implications for STEM education.
Teacher and Parent Perspectives on NGSS Alignment Following Teacher Professional Development

Abstract: This study examined United States K-12 science teacher interactions with parents during Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) reform following teachers’ professional development (PD) participation, as well as parent accounts of understanding and support for NGSS. Fourteen teachers and fifteen parents completed an online surveys and phone interviews. Themes, based on coded data, were constructed to represent relationships between teachers and parents during NGSS classroom implementation post-PD. We found that parents were generally unaware of NGSS and not well-informed about the changes the new standards brought to their child’s science classrooms. Despite parents’ lack of NGSS understanding, parents generally gave positive feedback about teachers’ science instruction. However, parents expressed concern about their child’s ability to transition between grade levels and subjects, the lack of an aligned textbook and homework assignments, and confusion with how to help their children at home in preparation for assessments. The results of this study suggest that it is important for school districts to inform parents adequately about the new NGSS curriculum and its implementation. While this study took place in the United States and pertains to NGSS, the findings are broadly applicable to teacher development and communications with parents during standards reform, regardless of country.
Chemotactic activity from rabbit peritoneal neutrophils: Lack of identity with N-Acetyl-dl-Phenylalanine β-napthyl esterase

Abstract The chemotactic and N- acetyl- dl -phenylalanine β-naphthyl esterase activities of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils are separable from each other by both DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Partially purified esterase obtained from DEAE-cellulose chromatography had molecular weight of 70000. However, the partially purified fraction contained chemotactic activities with major activity in molecular weight of 28 000 and minor activities in the molecular weights of 45000, 21900, 14500 and 10500. Esterase activity is inhibited by 10−7 M p-nitrophenylethyl-5-chloropentylphosphonate but chemotactic activity is not.
Patient Adherence in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors Versus Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists

Adherence to acid suppression therapy is essential in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Current guidelines suggest that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) are the mainstays of therapy. The likelihood of adherence to these medications and barriers that may affect adherence and persistence must be considered. A survey done by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services suggests that barriers to adherence include complexity of therapeutic regimens, cost of therapy and lack of understanding of the purpose of treatment. Retrospective cohort studies have evaluated the rates of medication adherence and persistence to PPIs and have found overall rates to be low. When designing treatment regimens, clinicians often consider drug factors such as effectiveness, adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. However, barriers to adherence must also be considered by practitioners to ensure that maximum benefit of therapy can be achieved.
Rectal thermometer-induced pneumoperitoneum in the newborn. Report of two cases.

Two cases of pneumoperitoneum of the newborn caused by perforation of the rectum by a rectal thermometer are presented. The infants presented with symptoms of respiratory distress and cyanosis associated with vomiting and abdominal distention. The literature on the subject is reviewed. Only seven such cases have been reported to date, and the mortality approximates 70%. The single most important factor affecting prognosis appears to be the state of maturity at the time of reparative surgery. Of five mature infants operated on within 24 hours of symptoms, four have survived and have done well. We strongly advocate caution in the use of rectal thermometers, and we would suggest that axillary temperatures or flexible rectal probes be used whenever possible.
Littré's umbilical hernia

Abstract 1. 1. Meckel's diverticulum in a hernia is discussed and the recorded (182) cases tabulated to date. 2. 2. Littre's hernia is differentiated from the lesions with which it is confused. 3. 3. A new case of the umbilical variety of Littre's hernia is reported, and its operative rarity estimated. 4. 4. The case presented, the thirty-eighth in the literature, is perhaps unique.
Moonlighting Metals: Insights into Regulation of Cyclization Pathways in Fungal Δ6-Protoilludene Sesquiterpene Synthases

Fungal 1,11 cyclizing sesquiterpene synthases are product specific under typical reaction conditions. However, in vivo expression of certain Δ(6)-protoilludene synthases results in dual 1,11 and 1,10 cyclization. To determine the factors regulating this mechanistic variation, in-depth in vitro characterization of Δ(6)-protoilludene synthases was conducted. Divalent metal ions determine cyclization specificity and this product variability. Promiscuity in metal binding is mediated by secondary metal-binding sites away from the conserved D(D/E)XX(D/E) motif in sesquiterpene synthases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a divergent evolution of Basidiomycota trans-humulyl cation producing sesquiterpene synthases, results that indicate a wider diversity in function than previously predicted. This study provides key insights into the function and evolution of 1,11 cyclizing fungal sesquiterpene synthases.
Website Design and Liability

Two regrettable behaviors have emerged online: the posting of content about others without their consent; and impulsive postings with no consideration of long-term consequences. Website operators can either encourage or discourage these regrettable behaviors and influence their consequences through the design of their website and by the fostering of norms and codes of conduct. Unfortunately, courts interpret section 230 of the Communications Decency Act as providing websites with broad immunity. In an earlier article, I argued that a proprietorship standard should be imposed upon websites, which would require them to take reasonable measures to prevent foreseeable harm. This article further champions the concept of website proprietorship liability and proposes that section 230 should be amended to recognize such liability with provisions for the following “safe harbors” for website operators that: (1) permit only postings by identified posters; (2) have nonprofit status and do not accept ad revenue; and (3) remove postings upon request of the victim. This article also addresses anticipated objections that are based upon market concerns and free speech concerns.
Thermomechanical behaviour of a damageable beam in contact with two stops

A model for the thermomechanical behaviour of a beam which allows for the general evolution of material damage is presented and investigated. One end of the beam is fixed while the other is constrained to move between two stops. The contact of the free tip with the stops is modelled by the normal compliance condition. The thermal interaction between the stops and the free tip is described by a heat exchange condition where the heat transfer coefficient is a general function of the gaps between the tip and the stops. The effects on the mechanical properties of the material due to crack expansion are described by a damage field, which measures the decrease in the load-bearing capacity of the material. The damage evolves as a constrained diffusion process in which the microcracks that develop may grow or disappear. The mathematical model consists of a coupled system of energy--elasticity equations together with a nonlinear parabolic inclusion for the damage field. The existence of a local solution is establi...