cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enterprise logistics and supply chain structure: the role of fit

Abstract The emergence of the extended manufacturing enterprise, a globally dispersed collection of strategically aligned organizations, has brought new attention to how organizations coordinate the flow of information and materials across their supply chains. This paper explores and develops the concept of enterprise logistics [Greis, N.P., Kasarda, J.D., 1997. Enterprise logistics in the information age. California Management Review 39 (3), 55–78] as a tool for integrating the logistics activities both within and between the strategically aligned organizations of the extended enterprise. Specifically, this paper examines the fit between an organization's enterprise logistics integration capabilities and its supply chain structure. Using a configurations approach, we test whether globally dispersed network organizations that adopt enterprise logistics practices are able to achieve higher levels of organizational performance. Results indicate that enterprise logistics is a necessary tool for the coordination of supply chain operations that are geographically dispersed around the world. However, for a pure network structure, a high level of enterprise logistics integration alone does not guarantee improved organizational performance. The paper ends with a discussion of managerial implications and directions for future research.
Rate and timing of nitrogen fertilizer for white potatoes in Virginia

Because the precision of N recommendations for potatoes may be improved, the objective was to determine the effect of split N applications on white potatoes in the middle Atlantic region of the United States. Field studies employing rate and timing of N fertilizer were conducted in 1986 and 1987 at Painter, Virginia on white potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Superior). Treatments included ammonium nitrate at rates of 0,56,112 and 168 kg N/ha at first cultivation in factorial combination with midbloom-applied N at rates of 0, 56, and 112 kg/ha. Nitrogen treatments were evaluated with an without overhead sprinkler irrigation. Nitrogen applied at 56 kg N/ha at first cultivation increased yields, but N applied at midbloom increased yields only when no N had previously been applied. Tuber yields were higher with than without irrigation, but the yield response pattern to N treatments was not affected by soil moisture. Yield increases may be expected from midbloom N applications at leaf total N critical levels of 58.0 mg/g (dry weight basis) at tuber initiation and 51.6 mg/g (dry weight basis) at midbloom. Routine splitting of N for white potatoes in Virginia is not recommended.
P1 transduction: Formation of heterogenotes upon cotransduction of bacterial genes with a P2 prophage

When a P2 prophage in location H is contransduced with his or when a P2 in location I is cotransduced with metG by P1 transduction, heterogenotic transductants are formed. The transduced genes and the prophage are integrated in the recipient chromosome in tandem with the homologous bacterial genes. Integration is rec dependent. Loss of one of the sets of genes can occur either by a phage int-dependent event or by rec-promoted haploidization. The phage attachment site is altered in the process of heterogenote formation.
The nature and origin of rational errors in arithmetic thinking: Induction from examples and prior knowledge

Students systematically and deliberately apply rule-based but erroneous algorithms to solving unfamiliar arithmetic problems. These algorithms result in erroneous solutions termed rational errors. Computationally, students' erroneous algorithms can be represented by perturbations or bugs in otherwise correct arithmetic algorithms (Brown & VanLehn, 1980; Langley & Ohilson, 1984; VanLehn, 1983, 1986, 1990; Young S O'Sheo, 1981). Bugs are useful for describing how rational errors occur but bugs are not sufficient for explaining their origin. A possible explanation for this is that rational errors are the result of incorrect induction from examples. This prediction is termed the “induction hypothesis” (VanLehn, 1986). The purpose of the present study was to: (a) expand on post formulations of the induction hypothesis, and (b) use a new methodology to test the induction hypothesis more carefully than has been done previously. The first step involved teaching participants a new number system called NewAbacus, a written modification of the abacus system. The second step consisted of dividing them into different groups, where each individual received an example of only one port of the NewAbacus addition algorithm. During the third and final step, participants were instructed to solve both familiar and unfamiliar types of addition problems in NewAbacus. The induction hypothesis was supported by using both empirical and computational investigations.
Cyclic flexural analysis and behavior of beam-column connections with gusset plates

Abstract This research investigates the cyclic flexural behavior of double-angle concentrically braced frame beam-column connections using three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis. Prior experimental research demonstrated that such connections possess appreciable flexural stiffness, strength, and ductility. The reserve capacity provided by these connections plays a significant role in the seismic behavior of low-ductility concentrically braced frames, so knowledge about the impact of connection parameters on local limit states and global connection performance is needed for employing reserve capacity to design and assess concentrically braced frames. Finite element models were developed and validated against prior experiments with focus on the limit states of failure of the fillet weld between the gusset plate and beam, low-cycle fatigue fracture of the steel angles joining the beam and gusset plate to the column, and bolt fracture. The models were used to evaluate the flexural stiffness, strength, and ductility of braced frame connections with primary attention on the effects of beam depth, angle thickness, and a supplemental seat angle. The finite element analysis demonstrated that increasing beam depth and angle thickness and adding a supplemental seat angle all increased the stiffness and strength of the connection while maintaining deformation capacity. A procedure to estimate the flexural behavior of beam-column connections with gusset plates was developed based on the results of the numerical simulations.
When practice and policy collide: Child welfare workers' perceptions of investigation processes

This qualitative study examines variability in practices surrounding Child Protective Services (CPS) investigations regarding the allegations of child maltreatment. Working under the auspices of a community-research collaboration with Department of Human Services officials, university researchers conducted a series of focus groups with CPS caseworkers in a state that was under court-ordered consent decree to improve child welfare investigations. Focus groups with caseworkers sought to better understand caseworkers' common investigative practices and their perceptions of best practices in conducting child welfare investigations. Two main areas were noted for improvement: (1) the need for ongoing training of CPS workers, particularly at the stage of initial intake of the allegations of maltreatment, and cross-training of police and hospital staff who regularly work with CPS, and (2) implementation of an improved risk assessment tool. These recommendations are discussed in detail.
Patterned substrate epitaxy surface shapes

Abstract This article describes a comprehensive technique to determine the shapes of GaAs epitaxial layers grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) on patterned substrates. A simple technique called the Borgstrom construction, which can predict epitaxial shapes, is reviewed. However, the assumptions in this model limit its applications and the Wulff construction is needed. The Wulff construction can predict edge shapes for constrained and unconstrained (such as at the edge of a mask) epitaxial growth. This technique is valid for any geometric situation assuming the growth rate versus orientation (growth rate polar diagram) is known. A semi-empirical growth rate polar diagram is given for GaAs at 750°C and atmospheric pressure OMCVD. The predictions made by the Wulff construction compare favorably with experimental results.
Synthesis of oligonucleotide phosphorodithioates

Abstract The synthesis of DNA containing sulfur at the two nonbonding internucleotide valencies is reported. Several different routes using either tervalent or pentavalent mononucleotide synthons are described.
Strategy-proofness and public good provision using referenda based on unequal cost sharing

The paper studies strategy-proof cost sharing rules for public good provision based on referenda with different threshold quotas. By appropriately relaxing the assumptions of individual rationality and anonymity we provide a complete characterization of the family of quota rules with (possibly) unequal pricing. We prove that these quota rules are the only cost sharing rules satisfying four conditions: strategy-proofness, non-bossiness, weak continuity and weak anonymity. In addition, the specification of the degree to which individual rationality may be violated results in the selection of a specific “quota” for the referendum. While all these rules are “almost” always efficient when providing the public good and they are also almost everywhere coalitionally strategy-proof, only one family of rules from this class satisfies these two properties everywhere. The rules satisfying these two properties are Moulin’s Conservative Equal Costs Rule and unequal cost sharing variants of Moulin’s rule.
Bicameral neural network where information can be indexed

A new neural network model that uses an asynchronous controller in the feedback loop is described. The proposed asynchronous controller together with the basic neural net forms a bicameral network that can be programmed in various ways to exploit global and local characteristics of stored memory. It is shown that memories can be indexed and ordered. The central result of the letter is that a memory can be retrieved based on its indexing key alone.
Sharp exponential band tails in highly disordered lead sulfide quantum dot arrays

We employ temperature-dependent, illumination intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) to investigate the intra-band-gap density of states in films of PbS quantum dots (QDs). Using both coplanar electrode and stacked photovoltaic device configurations, IMPS measurements of PbS QD arrays show evidence of carrier trapping in exponential band tails extending from the band edges into the gap. The band tails have characteristic energies near 14 meV, similar to those found in other larger grain, polycrystalline bulk semiconductors, rather than the large Urbach energies normally associated with nanocrystals and porous/polycrystalline films. This result helps explain recent success in using QD solids in device applications and indicates potential for QD materials to compete with bulk materials in semiconductor applications.
LookingGlass: a visual intelligence platform for tracking online social movements

We propose a multi-scale text mining methodology and develop a visual intelligence platform for tracking the diffusion of online social movements. The algorithms utilize large amounts of text collected from a wide variety of organizations' media outlets to discover their hotly debated topics, and their discriminative perspectives voiced by opposing camps organized into multiple scales. We utilize discriminating perspectives to classify and map individual Tweeter's message content to social movements based on the perspectives expressed in their weekly tweets. We developed a visual intelligence platform, named LookingGlass, to track the geographical footprint, shifting positions and flows of individuals, topics and perspectives between groups.
Seminal Truth: A Modern Science of Male Celibacy in North India

Many scholars have noted that brahmacharya (celibacy) is an important concept in Hindu notions of male identity (cf. Kakar 1981, 1982, 1990; Obeyesekere 1976, 1981; for comparison, see Gilmore 1990). Although the psychological basis of this concept has been studied, there is very little in the literature on the "medical mechanics" of being and becoming a brahmachari. Nor is there is a comprehensive account for the precise relationship between sex and the meaning of physical health in modern urban India. Through an examination of the popular Hindi literature on brahmacharya, interpreted within the context of therapeutic celibacy as put in practice by a modern yoga society, this article shows how a discourse about sex, semen, and health is conceived of in terms of embodied truth. Using Foucault's critique of Western sexuality as a contrasting frame of reference, I argue that the "truth" about sex in modern North India is worked out in somatic rather than psychological terms, in which morality is problematically defined by male physiology and gendered conceptions of good health.
Sensitivity analysis of the pressure-based direct integrity test for membranes used in drinking water treatment.

We conducted a sensitivity analysis of the commonly employed pressure-based direct integrity test (DIT), the most sensitive test for defects in low-pressure hollow fiber (LPHF) microfiltration and ultrafiltration systems used in drinking water treatment. Incorporating uncertainty to assess the practice of DIT, we find the resolution in some tests may be insufficient to verify the presence of a barrier to oocysts of Cryptosporidium. Applying distributions and boundaries derived from literature and practice, we solved for the defect size resolution (DSR) using Monte Carlo and Probability Bounds Analysis for five commercial membrane designs. Surface tension was modeled using annual temperature profiles from three rivers. Contact angle measurement error and variability were derived from literature, respectively, as a standard deviation of 5.7° and ± 9.6° median change due to natural organic matter (NOM) fouling. These measures of contact angle uncertainty and variability were combined in a normal distribution...
Influence of Local Estrogen Administration on Vaginal Glycogen

Instillation of a very small amount of estrogen intravaginally elicits a marked increase in glycogen concentration of the rat vagina. This local vaginal glycogen response to estradiol was examined in adolescent and adult ovariectomized rats, and in intact prepuberal rats.In adolescent animals, as little as 2.5×10-6 μg estradiol was detectable by the method. A microbioassay for estrogen, utilizing the 5-hr increase in glycogen and having many advantages over existing methods, is suggested. (Endocrinology 82: 62, 1968)
Inter- and intramyotomal gap junctions in the axolotl embryo.

Abstract In early tailbud embryos of the axolotl ( Ambystoma mexicanum ), cells of the anterior myotomes begin to elongate and align along the longitudinal axis of the animal. Soon thereafter, gap junctions appear between the differentiating myotubes. These junctions occur between adjacent cells within a myotome (intramyotomal) and between the cells of adjacent myotomes which are separated from one another by narrow connective tissue septa (intermyotomal). The latter are found at the ends of the elongating cells where muscle-tendon insertion will occur and nerve-muscle synapses will form. The gap junctions are transient: They appear with the onset of myofibrillar formation at the time that nerve fibers enter the intermyotomal septa. The junctions last until the cells have differentiated into mature striated muscle cells and neuromuscular synapses are fully developed. These gap junctions may provide a means for the direct intercellular spread of electrical excitation between the differentiating muscle cells and so account for the observed myogenic contraction of myotomes. We also suggest that these junctions may form a means for cellular communication and interaction during the development of the axial musculature.
Using information from external databases: contextual relationships of use, access method, task, database type, organizational differences, and outcomes

Abstract This study applies theories about organizational information processing and about valuing information to better understand the influences on method of access and on effects of using online information. Interviews in four organizations indicated that users manage such systems in different ways suitable to the organization's problem-solving needs and personnel skills, in order to obtain considerable benefits and overcome some problems. Questionnaire data showed that type of database and organizational differences strongly influenced access method, but access method had no independent influence on usage or on perceived outcomes. Counter to expectations based upon the difficulties in assessing the cost/benefit ratio of information obtained from external sources, task variables had little independent influence on access method, usage, or outcomes. The moderate relationship between using online information in one's work and the two outcome factors seems generalizable across organizations. Differences in tasks, especially amount of information in one's task, appeared to influence the relationship between use and outcomes.
Tuberculin Skin Testing in San Francisco Schools, 1956–1966: an Epidemiologic Analysis

1. An epidemiologic analysis of tuberculin skin testing in San Francisco schools for the ten-year period 1956–1966 was presented. 2. There were 310,563 students tested, of whom 13,059 (4.2 per cent) were positive reactors. All positive reactors and their immediate family group were examined. A total of 542 cases of tuberculosis were discovered: 356 in students and 186 in family contacts. The case finding rate was 41.7 per 1,000 reactors found. 3. Prevalence rates and trends in students are better indices of the tuberculosis problem in the community and the effectiveness of the control program. 4. The effect of the BCG immunization and atypical mycobacterial infections in the community upon the prevalence rates in students has been discussed. 5. Whereas 85.1 per cent of the students with disease were non-whites and Latin Americans, 97 per cent of the tuberculous students resided in the older and poorer sections of the city. The geographic distribution of cases by place of residence indicates that the economic level of families is as important an epidemiologic factor in the spread of infection and the development of clinical disease as racial or ethnic background. 6. Two-thirds of the positive reactors found during the last two years have been among students new to San Francisco schools and at the first grade level. It is estimated that by modifying the program to these two groups, 95 per cent of the cases found in the present school program would be discovered.
Business and Technology Educators: Practices for Inclusion

Business educators face the challenge of operationalizing the global converging initiatives of technology integration and inclusion of students with a disability in K-12 education. A survey of business educators was conducted to ascertain how they were implementing these initiatives in the United States. Results indicated that business educators received little training and felt moderately prepared to teach students with a disability. Inclusion occurred in all courses taught and some differentiated instructional activities and assessments were utilized. Findings indicated additional training in the use of technology and assistive technology are needed.
Role of heparan sulfate as a tissue-specific regulator of FGF-4 and FGF receptor recognition.

FGF signaling uses receptor tyrosine kinases that form high-affinity complexes with FGFs and heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans at the cell surface. It is hypothesized that assembly of these complexes requires simultaneous recognition of distinct sulfation patterns within the HS chain by FGF and the FGF receptor (FR), suggesting that tissue-specific HS synthesis may regulate FGF signaling. To address this, FGF-2 and FGF-4, and extracellular domain constructs of FR1-IIIc (FR1c) and FR2-IIIc (FR2c), were used to probe for tissue-specific HS in embryonic day 18 mouse embryos. Whereas FGF-2 binds HS ubiquitously, FGF-4 exhibits a restricted pattern, failing to bind HS in the heart and blood vessels and failing to activate signaling in mouse aortic endothelial cells. This suggests that FGF-4 seeks a specific HS sulfation pattern, distinct from that of FGF-2, which is not expressed in most vascular tissues. Additionally, whereas FR2c binds all FGF-4–HS complexes, FR1c fails to bind FGF-4–HS in most tissues, as well as in Raji-S1 cells expressing syndecan-1. Proliferation assays using BaF3 cells expressing either FR1c or FR2c support these results. This suggests that FGF and FR recognition of specific HS sulfation patterns is critical for the activation of FGF signaling, and that synthesis of these patterns is regulated during embryonic development.
Clinical Characteristics, Etiologic Associations, Laboratory Findings, Treatment, and Proposal of Diagnostic Criteria of Pernio (Chilblains) in a Series of 104 Patients at Mayo Clinic, 2000 to 2011

Abstract Objective To further characterize the clinical features, etiologic associations, laboratory findings, and treatment of pernio. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective review of patients with pernio seen at our institution between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2011. Results Of 104 patients with pernio (mean age at diagnosis, 38.3 years), 82 (79%) were women. Pernio affected the toes in 85 patients (82%) and the fingers in 31 (30%). Thirty-eight patients (37%) had at least 1 abnormal laboratory test result, and test results were positive for cold agglutinins in 11 (55%) of 20 tested patients. Results were negative for cryoglobulins in all tested patients (n=53). Four patients (4%) had connective tissue disease (nonlupus) associated with pernio; 3 patients (3%) had an associated hematologic malignant disease. Conservative treatments (eg, warming, drying, and smoking cessation) provided complete response in 23 (82%) of 28 patients with follow-up data. Conclusion To our knowledge, this study represents one of the largest single-center case series of pernio to date. Most of the patients did not have an underlying systemic association with pernio, although a few patients had pernio in association with connective tissue disease or hematologic malignant disease.
Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of C II and High-J CO Emission from Warm Molecular Gas in NGC 3576

We have observed the 158 μm2P3/2←2P1/2 fine-structure line of C II, the J = 9 → 8, 12 → 11, and 17 → 16 lines of 12CO, and the J = 9 → 8 rotational transition of 13CO in the molecular cloud and photodissociation region (PDR) associated with NGC 3576. The line profiles were fully resolved using a heterodyne spectrometer with better than 1 km s-1 resolution. The high-J CO emission arises from a spatially compact region near the infrared peak that is characterized by a kinetic temperature near 150 K and a density nH2 5 × 105 cm-3. The 12CO J = 9 → 8 line is found to be optically thick and arises from a more extended, cooler region with Tkin ~ 60 K. The increase in excitation temperature with the rotational level of CO suggests that the ionizing source is located behind much of the molecular cloud. Less than 1% of the molecular cloud material is found in the warm PDR and cloud interface region. The C II fine-structure line emission is intense over more than 4' × 4' and shows a central "self-absorption" feature at many locations. This absorption may represent a cooler or less dense component of ionized gas associated with the foreground molecular cloud.
Parental Cognitions and Satisfaction: Relationship to Aggressive Parental Behavior in Child Physical Abuse:

There are limited data on cognitions and satisfaction with the child in parents who have physically abused their children. Therefore, we examined convergence among these constructs, and their relationships to parental aggression among participants in a treatment study for child physical abuse. Data were examined at two time points 12 weeks apart. The cognitions (unrealistic expectations of the child, perception of lack of control, and hostile attribution bias) and satisfaction with the child showed little convergence. Only parental satisfaction correlated significantly with aggressive parental behavior directed at the child, even after controlling for social desirability. Where there were significant correlations between externalizing child behavior and aggressive parental behavior and between parental depression and aggressive parental behavior, some limited support was found for an indirect path through parental satisfaction. If replicated, these findings suggest it may be useful to focus on parental satisfaction in research on child physical abuse.
Effect of storm clustering on water balance estimates and its implications for climate impact assessment

Daily and monthly-based water balance computations are made for areas with climates ranging from humid (Coshocton, Ohio) through Mediterranean (Watsonville, California) and semi-arid (Dodge City, Kansas) to arid conditions (Tucson, Arizona). Monthly procedures lead to an underestimate of observed mean annual runoff by 14% in Coshocton, 59% in Tucson, and an overestimate by 9% in Watsonville. Daily balance calculations increase model accuracy. The improvement in runoff estimates by using the daily method is most significant for arid climates. Daily-monthly departures are greater in the semi-arid and arid areas than in the humid and Mediterranean areas. In terms of mean annual runoff, the difference between monthly estimates and daily estimates is 42.5% in arid Tucson, 58.2% in semi-arid Dodge City, but only 8.9% in humid Coshocton and 5.6% in Mediterranean Watsonville. The daily-monthly departures in soil moisture estimates are generally less than 10% in the humid and Mediterranean climates, but well above 50% in most months in the arid and semi-arid climates. Regression analysis indicates the daily-monthly difference in moisture surplus estimates correlates well with the amount of storm clustering within a month. Monthly computations depart increasingly from daily computations as storm clustering increases. The hydrological impacts of changes in storm clustering are studied by forcing the water balance model with daily precipitation sequences based on hypothetical storm scenarios. Total annual moisture surplus tends to increase with increased storm clustering. In the arid and semi-arid climates, the differences between the most and least clustering scenarios equal 35% up to 60% of surplus water generated by normal storms. They are about 20% in the cases of the humid and Mediterranean climates. These results suggest future potential changes in climatic variability such as storm delivery patterns can have significant impacts on water resource availability.
Emerging Infectious Diseases in the United States: Improved Surveillance, a Requisite for Prevention

Emerging infectious diseases such as prolonged diarrheal illness due to water-borne Cryptosporidium, hemorrhagic colitis and renal failure from food-borne E. coli O157:H7, and rodent-borne hantavirus pulmonary syndrome as well as reemerging infections such as tuberculosis, pertussis, and cholera vividly illustrate that we remain highly vulnerable to the microorganisms with which we share our environment. Prompt detection of new and resurgent infectious disease threats depends on careful monitoring by modern surveillance systems. This article focuses on five important elements of improved surveillance for emerging infections: 1) strengthening the national notifiable disease system, 2) establishing sentinel surveillance networks, 3) establishing population-based emerging infections programs, 4) developing a system for enhanced global surveillance, and 5) applying new tools and novel approaches to surveillance.
Design Analysis Methodology for Solar-Powered Aircraft

A methodology for conceptual design of solar-powered aircraft is described. The method is based on traditional design methodologies adapted to address the peculiar characteristics of solar-powered aircraft. The solar propulsion notation is applied to the analysis to create constraint diagrams that have takeoff wing loading ft = Wto/S as their independent variable, and the ratio of solar collector area to reference planform area R — Sce,,/S as their dependent variable. Constraints determined by the propulsion requirements for the design mission of the aircraft define a solution space on the constraint diagram. A design point is selected from within the solution space. Parametric estimates for component weights are then represented as wing loading portions. When these component wing loading portions are summed along with an expression for the required payload wing loading portion, they are equated to the design point wing loading. The resulting equation is solved for the required reference planform area, thus sizing the conceptual design. Three typical conceptual designs are described and analyzed, demonstrating the utility of the methodology.
Four-probe measurements of carbon nanotubes with narrow metal contacts

We find that electrons in single-wall carbon nanotubes may propagate substantial distances (tens of nanometers) under metal contacts. We perform four-probe transport measurements of the nanotube conductance and observe significant deviations from the standard Kirchhoff's circuit rules. Most noticeably, injecting current between two neighboring contacts on one end of the nanotube induces a nonzero voltage difference between two contacts on the other end.
Controlling interface chemistry and structure to process and toughen silicon carbide

Abstract Silicon carbide is difficult to process and the product is a brittle ceramic; however, the control of chemistry and structure at grain boundary interfaces offer the opportunity to enhance processing as well as to enhance the toughness ( K c > 9 MPa m 1 2 ) and strength of this ceramic. An active chemistry and structure can alter the kinetics of interfacial motion during the processing of a structurally dense and uniform microstructure. The residual chemistry and structure at grain boundaries can control the mechanical properties both at ambient and high temperatures. The Al, B, and C additives in ABC-SiC are discussed in this work, with regards to the effects of structure and chemistry on processing and properties.
Nuclear microenvironment in cancer diagnosis and treatment

The nuclear architecture plays an important role in the temporal and spatial control of complex functional processes within the nucleus. Alterations in nuclear structures are characteristic of cancer cells and the mechanisms underlying these perturbations may directly contribute to tumor development and progression. In this review, we will highlight aspects of the nuclear microenvironment that are perturbed during tumorigenesis and discuss how a greater understanding of the role of nuclear structure in the control of gene expression can provide new options for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Urban pest management: A conceptual framework

Abstract Urban integrated pest management (IPM) is concerned with a dynamic system consisting of a seminatural urban ecosystem and characteristics human components, linked by information channels. Systems science provides the perspective and organization required to deal with this complex, multiresource system. The focal point for research and implementation programs must be the interaction between people and pests affecting their psychological sense of well-being. A procedure for arriving at a workable definition of the urban pest ecosystem for a particular region is suggested. The immediate goal of urban IPM is to provide information to environmental managers enabling them to deal with urban pest problems in ways which are ecologically sound and which satisfy the public's perceived needs (this may include altering those perceptions). The long-term objective is to arrive at new designs for urban environments that will minimize negative interactions between people and pests and minimize the use of pesticides in urban areas.
Effects of dietary n-6 and n-3 lipids on antioxidant defense system in livers of exercised rats

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary n-6 and n-3 lipids and exercise on the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and microsomal lipid composition and peroxidation in Fischer-344 male rats.Methods: Weanling male Fischer-344 rats were fed ad libitum semipurified diets containing 10% corn oil (CO) or 10% fish oil (FO), with equal levels of antioxidants. After 2 months on the diets, weight-matched animals in each diet group were divided into sedentary (S) and exercised (Ex) groups, and the diets were continued. The animals in the exercise group were run on a treadmill 30 to 40 minutes to exhaustion 6 days/week for 2 months. At the end of 2 months, the rats were sacrificed and livers were collected; antioxidant enzymes were determined in the cytosol, fatty acid composition was analyzed in the microsomes, and vitamin E levels were analyzed in the sera.Results: The rats in the FO-S group exhibited significantly higher liver cytosolic catalase activity, while their ...
Collagen metabolism in the myocardium of normal and diabetic rats

Abstract Myocardial collagen and total protein synthesis were studied in normal, diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic rats after a single intraperitoneal injection of l -[2,3- 3 H]proline as a radioisotopic precursor. The incorporation of tritiated proline into myocardial protein was regarded as a measure of total protein synthesis and the incorporation into hydroxyproline as indicative of myocardial collagen synthesis. Both total protein and collagen synthesis were found to be significantly lower in diabetic rats. This was associated with decreased degradation of both total protein and collagen in diabetic rats, as suggested by prolonged turnover times. Collagen content was also found to be increased in diabetic myocardium. Early insulin therapy with normalization of blood sugars in diabetic rats returned myocardial collagen metabolism to normal. This suggests that maintenance of euglycemia in diabetic rats is necessary to prevent abnormal myocardial collagen metabolism.
Study on Very Short-term Solar Irradiance Forecasting Methods using Ground based Cloud Image

Abstract Due to the fluctuating and intermittent nature of solar irradiance, the power output of PV power station fluctuates. It brings great difficulties for power output forecasting of PV power station. Traditional PV power output forecasting technologies using physical/statistical model combined with NWP failed to provide accurate results. Based on the research of on-line analysis on ground-based cloud image captured by Total Sky Imager (TSI), through the technical phases of cloud recognition, cloud blocking prediction, distortion correction, projection transformation and integration with cloud forcing analysis, the roadmap of PV very short term solar irradiance forecasting based on ground-based cloud image analysis was presented in this paper. Theoretical analysis proves that the method tends to provide reasonable accurate forecasting results and can be widely used.
The azobenzenearsonate conjugate of poly-glutamic-lysine-tyrosine will induce tyrosine-azobenzenearsonate-specific T-cell responses and clones in nonresponder mice☆

Mice of the H-2b haplotype are low responders to ABA-tyr. However, when they were immunized with ABA coupled to poly-GLT15 for which they are nonresponders, they developed strong proliferative responses to ABA-tyr in draining lymph node cells. Clones derived from these cells were highly reactive to ABA-tyr although the original mice were not. No evidence was found to indicate that suppression played a role in the failure to respond to ABA-tyr. Characterization of two clones showed an absolute specificity for the arsonic acid group and the Azo linkage. Alterations in the terminal amino acid residues produced varying changes in reactivity which could not be ascribed unequivocally to an effect on epitope or agretope.
Genetic Composition of the Bacillus subtilis SOS System

The SOS response in bacteria includes a global transcriptional response to DNA damage. DNA damage is sensed by the highly conserved recombination protein RecA, which facilitates inactivation of the transcriptional repressor LexA. Inactivation of LexA causes induction (derepression) of genes of the LexA regulon, many of which are involved in DNA repair and survival after DNA damage. To identify potential RecA-LexA-regulated genes in Bacillus subtilis, we searched the genome for putative LexA binding sites within 300 bp upstream of the start codons of all annotated open reading frames. We found 62 genes that could be regulated by putative LexA binding sites. Using mobility shift assays, we found that LexA binds specifically to DNA in the regulatory regions of 54 of these genes, which are organized in 34 putative operons. Using DNA microarray analyses, we found that 33 of the genes with LexA binding sites exhibit RecA-dependent induction by both mitomycin C and UV radiation. Among these 33 SOS genes, there are 22 distinct LexA binding sites preceding 18 putative operons. Alignment of the distinct LexA binding sites reveals an expanded consensus sequence for the B. subtilis operator: 5'-CGAACATATGTTCG-3'. Although the number of genes controlled by RecA and LexA in B. subtilis is similar to that of Escherichia coli, only eight B. subtilis RecA-dependent SOS genes have homologous counterparts in E. coli.
Selection and orientation of lung tissue for scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Abstract The response of lung tissue to low-level administration of many noxious agents is focally related to certain anatomical structures and, thus, a random selection of small pieces of tissue for electron microscopy is very difficult, if not impossible, to interpret. The technique described here permits the precise acquisition and orientation of the desired area so that observations made with the light microscope and both the transmission and scanning electron microscopes can be closely correlated to the organization of the tissue. After fixation which is accomplished by perfusion through the airways, 1-mm slices of tissue are prepared, dehydrated, and cleared prior to observation with a stereozoom dissecting microscope. Small pieces of tissue (i.e., terminal bronchioles and adnexa) are selected and dissected out of the 1-mm slices. If they are to be used for scanning electron microscopy, they are dried via CO 2 critical-point substitution; or they are flat-embedded for transmission microscopy. Subsequent handling ensures accurate comparison of experimental and control tissues.
Sex differences in tooth wear ofMacaca fuscata, the Arashiyama-A troop in Texas

The incidence of tooth wear was studied in a wild troop ofM. fuscata, that had previously been transplanted from Arashiyama, Japan, to Texas. This study was undertaken to determine differences of attrition between males and females, and between maxillary and mandibular dentitions. Contrary to other findings, the rate of wear was not found to be an expression of sex difference, but seemed rather related to function. The following observations may suffice as examples: The mandibular third premolars function as a honing surface for the maxillary canines, and experience greater wear over time in males due to their proximity to smaller canines which leave their neighbors more vulnerable to wear.
The larval ring gland of Drosophila melanogaster: a comparison of Ebony and Oregon strains by use of a qualitative protein stain

Le contenu proteique des cellules glandulaires circulaires des larves de 2 races deDrosophila melanogaster est examine en detail. Les resultats de cette etude montrent que la production et l'activite hormonale de ces 2 races differe.
Synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of (S,S)- and (R,R)-secoisolariciresinol diglucosides (SDGs).

Abstract Secoisolariciresinol diglucosides (SDGs) (S,S)-SDG-1 (major isomer in flaxseed) and (R,R)-SDG-2 (minor isomer in flaxseed) were synthesized from vanillin via secoisolariciresinol (6) and glucosyl donor 7 through a concise route that involved chromatographic separation of diastereomeric diglucoside derivatives (S,S)-8 and (R,R)-9. Synthetic (S,S)-SDG-1 and (R,R)-SDG-2 exhibited potent antioxidant properties (EC50 = 292.17 ± 27.71 μM and 331.94 ± 21.21 μM, respectively), which compared well with that of natural (S,S)-SDG-1 (EC50 = 275.24 ± 13.15 μM). These values are significantly lower than those of ascorbic acid (EC50 = 1129.32 ± 88.79 μM) and α-tocopherol (EC50 = 944.62 ± 148.00 μM). Compounds (S,S)-SDG-1 and (R,R)-SDG-2 also demonstrated powerful scavenging activities against hydroxyl [natural (S,S)-SDG-1: 3.68 ± 0.27; synthetic (S,S)-SDG-1: 2.09 ± 0.16; synthetic (R,R)-SDG-2: 1.96 ± 0.27], peroxyl [natural (S,S)-SDG-1: 2.55 ± 0.11; synthetic (S,S)-SDG-1: 2.20 ± 0.10; synthetic (R,R)-SDG-2: 3.03 ± 0.04] and DPPH [natural (S,S)-SDG-1: EC50 = 83.94 ± 2.80 μM; synthetic (S,S)-SDG-1: EC50 = 157.54 ± 21.30 μM; synthetic (R,R)-SDG-2: EC50 = 123.63 ± 8.67 μM] radicals. These results confirm previous studies with naturally occurring (S,S)-SDG-1 and establish both (S,S)-SDG-1 and (R,R)-SDG-2 as potent antioxidants and free radical scavengers for potential in vivo use.
Formation of Hierarchical Nanoparticle Pattern Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography and Two-Step Self-Assembly: Microspheres atop Nanospheres

We report a simple approach to the fabrication of hierarchical nanoparticle arrays and film patterns using a novel combination of colloidal lithography (CL), two-step self-assembly, and reactive-ion etching (RIE). In this approach, a uniform nanoparticle film (∼15−50 nm particle diameter) is first deposited on a substrate. Then, larger (several hundred to thousands of nanometers diameter) microparticles with a different composition are self-assembled into well-ordered patterns atop the nanoparticle film. Next, reactive-ion etching is used to remove parts of the initial nanoparticle film using the upper layer of large particles as a mask. After selective removal of the remaining upper layer of large particles, hierarchical nanoparticle patterns are obtained on flat surfaces. Hexagonal patterns of small nanoparticle film arrays were easily fabricated with a monolayer of large spheres using this approach. Moreover, the shape and diameter of nanoparticle film disks depend on the etching duration while the per...
Relationships among loneliness, interpersonal dependency, and disordered eating in young adults

Abstract Previous studies on loneliness and interpersonal dependency suggest a shared relation with eating disorders. Previous findings of the relation of interpersonal dependency with eating disorders may have misestimated the importance of interpersonal dependency by not including loneliness. Measures of loneliness, interpersonal dependency, and disordered eating (drive for thinness, bulimic symptoms, and body dissatisfaction) were given to 176 college students. Mediation models were used to test the relative influence of interpersonal dependency and loneliness on body dissatisfaction. Loneliness mediated the relation between interpersonal dependency and body dissatisfaction; no other mediation models could be tested.
Thermal conductivity of quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin-chain materials.

We study heat transport in quasi-one-dimensional spin-chain systems by considering the model of one-dimensional bosonic spin excitations interacting with three-dimensional phonons and impurities in the limit of weak spin-lattice coupling and fast spin excitations. A combined effect of the phonon and impurity scatterings yields the following spin-boson thermal conductivity behavior: ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{s}\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{2}$ at low, ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{s}\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at intermediate, and ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{s}=\mathrm{\text{const}}$ at higher temperatures. Our results agree well with the existing experimental data for ${\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r}}_{2}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. We predict an unusual dependence on the impurity concentration for a number of observables and propose further experiments.
Vibrational emission of NO2 from the reaction of NO with O3

Vibrational chemiluminescence in the Δν1 = Δν3 = −1 band of NO2 is observed both in the O + NO and O3 + NO reactions and shown to be emitted by molecules with up to 11 000 cm−1 of vibrational energy. Quenching rate constants of NO2‡ are estimated ranging from about 6 × 10−14 for Ar to about 3 × 10−12 cm3 s−1 for NO2. The ratio of vibrational to electronic emission is 0.06 ± 0.03 for O + NO and 5.3 ± 1.0 for O3 + NO. It is suggested that vibrationally excited NO2 is a major product of that channel of the O3 + NO reaction which forms ground-state NO2(2A1) directly.
Enhanced thermal conductivity oxide nuclear fuels by co-sintering with BeO: II. Fuel performance and neutronics

Abstract The fuel rod performance and neutronics of enhanced thermal conductivity oxide (ECO) nuclear fuel with BeO have been compared to those of standard UO 2 fuel. The standards of comparison were that the ECO fuel should have the same infinite neutron-multiplication factor k inf at end of life and provide the same energy extraction per fuel assembly over its lifetime. The BeO displaces some uranium, so equivalence with standard UO 2 fuel was obtained by increasing the burnup and slightly increasing the enrichment. The COPERNIC fuel rod performance code was adapted to account for the effect of BeO on thermal properties. The materials considered were standard UO 2 , UO 2 with 4.0 vol.% BeO, and UO 2 with 9.6 vol.% BeO. The smaller amount of BeO was assumed to provide increases in thermal conductivity of 0, 5, or 10%, whereas the larger amount was assumed to provide an increase of 50%. A significant improvement in performance was seen, as evidenced by reduced temperatures, internal rod pressures, and fission gas release, even with modest (5–10%) increases in thermal conductivity. The benefits increased monotonically with increasing thermal conductivity. Improvements in LOCA initialization performance were also seen. A neutronic calculation considered a transition from standard UO 2 fuel to ECO fuel. The calculation indicated that only a small increase in enrichment is required to maintain the k inf at end of life. The smallness of the change was attributed to the neutron-multiplication reaction of Be with fast neutrons and the moderating effect of BeO. Adoption of ECO fuel was predicted to provide a net reduction in uranium cost. Requirements for industrial hygiene were found to be comparable to those for processing of UO 2 .
Is a resident's score on a videotaped objective structured assessment of technical skills affected by revealing the resident's identity?

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether knowledge of resident's identity affects the evaluation of surgical skills. Study design During an objective structured assessment of technical skills, 33 residents in obstetrics and gynecology who performed 10 surgical skills were videotaped with two digital cameras simultaneously. One camera videotaped "hands only," concealing resident identity; the other camera videotaped from the "waist up," revealing identity. Residents wore opaque gowns and gloves. Four faculty reviewers with previous clinical experience with the residents scored the "hands only" videos first. The scoring was based on the total of a global rating scale and a task-specific checklist. Results The combined scores for all reviewers was significantly different between the two views ( P =.03). When the video tapes were analyzed individually, two reviewers scored the views differently; one reviewer scored higher, whereas the other reviewer scored lower. Conclusion Bias can occur in evaluation of surgical skills but is dependent on the individual reviewer. Resident identification can alter the score, depending on the evaluator.