cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Boundary Element Method for the Floating Body Problem

The two-dimensional finite depth floating body problem is formulated as a boundary integral equation by using a modified Green's function consisting only of elementary sources which satisfies the boundary condition on the fluid bottom but not on the free surface. This function is much simpler than the one Fritz John introduced in 1950, but the resulting integral equation now extends over the entire free surface as well as the wetted portion of the ship hull. However this modified Green's function is constructed so that it decays algebraically at large distances from the ship which allows the formulation of a consistent numerical procedure over a finite domain. A collocation method is employed to discretize the boundary integral equation and replace it with a system of algebraic equations. Results of some numerical experiments for the heaving circular cylinder are presented and compared with results obtained by other methods
Applicability of Five Diet-Selection Models to Various Foraging Challenges Ruminants Encounter

It is common knowledge that ruminants do not forage at random, but select a diet from the plants available to them. We believe foraging environments present at least five problems or challenges to ruminants selecting dietary items: (1) variation among dietary items in kind and amount of nutritional constituents, (2) variation among potential dietary items in kind and amount of chemical defenses, (3) plant morphological defenses, (4) temporal and spatial variation in the quantity and quality of forage, and (5) exposure of ruminants to unfamiliar foraging environments. Our objective is to assess the ability of five explanations of diet selection to provide insights into the responses of ruminants to these challenges. The models are: (1) endogenously-generated hungers (euphagia), (2) immediate sensory consequences (hedyphagia), (3) body morpho-physiology and size (morphophysiology), (4) learning through foraging consequences (learning), and (5) nutritional optimization (optimal foraging). We make the assessment by first describing the diet-selection challenges and then discussing the models and their applications to the challenges.
The left atrium: a biomarker of chronic diastolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk.

Since Framingham Heart Study investigators first confirmed the existence and importance of cardiac risk factors in 1961 [(1)][1], clinicians and scientists have been seeking to refine our ability to predict cardiovascular disease risk. These efforts stem from an appreciation that atherosclerosis
Development of a thin tube cultivation method for determining coliform counts in milk.

A new rapid coliform-monitoring method using thin tube cultivation (TTC) was developed. One hundred microliters of modified selective medium (1.5% agar) and 100 μl of sample were mixed in thin cultivation tubes, yielding a semisolid mixture of 0.75% agar. The tubes were incubated at 37°C and checked for a positive reaction (gas production from lactose fermentation and color changes from acid production) at 30-min intervals. The positive reaction times for TTC were compared with actual coliform numbers. The first experiment was performed to validate the TTC method using pure coliform cultures (the Escherichia coli group, the Enterobacter cloacae group, and the Klebsiella pneumoniae group). The results indicated that the TTC method saved about 10 to 14 h of incubation time compared with the conventional plating method. When coliforms were present in small numbers, such as 1 to 1.5 log10 CFU/ml, the TTC method detected their presence within 10 h. When highly contaminated samples were assayed (6 log10 CFU/ml)...
Reliability of high-power multi-mode pump modules

Developers building high-power fiber lasers and diode pumped solid state lasers can receive significant benefits in thermal management and reliability by using single emitter multi-mode diodes in distributed pump architectures. This proposed distributed architecture relies on independent single emitter pump lasers and a modest level of pump redundancy. Driving the remaining diodes slightly harder componensates individual diode failures. A model of the ensemble lifetime based on module failure rates and power-scaling factors demonstrates that the distributed pump architecture requires random failure rates corresponding to better than 200,000h mean time between failure (MTBF), which meets typical industrial requirements. A high power, pigtailed, multi-mode pump module suitable for commercial applications is created through this model. Critical elements are based on telecom architectures, including the optical train and the fiber alignment. The module has a low thermal resistance of 4°C/W from the chip-on-sub-mount to the external heat sink, coupling efficiency of over 80% into 0.2 NA, and demonstrated reliable output power of over 5W cw with peak wavelengths near 915 nm. Individual pump modules are predicted to produce 5W cw output power with an MTBF of more than 400,000h. The relationship between anticipated MTBF requirements, test duration and test population is shown.
Dimethyl Fumarate in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: 24 Months Observations of the Effects of Dose Reduction on Lymphopenia (P6.347)

Objective: Report the effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) dose reduction on lymphopenia in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients, and monitor the subsequent clinical course and MRI activity. Background: Dimethyl fumarate is a first-line therapy for treatment of RRMS. At the standard dose of DMF 240 mg twice daily, lymphopenias of ≤ 0.6 k/μL are a concern. Dose reduction may lessen the degree of lymphopenia, but it is unknown if reduced dose therapy remains effective. Design/Methods: We performed a retrospective review of RRMS patients on oral DMF therapy from the University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health System databases (March 2013 to September 2017). Patients on reduced dose DMF due to lymphopenia were identified and included in this analysis Results: Of 425 patients identified through chart review, a total of 92 patients had lymphopenia ( Conclusions: Our findings a 2 or more years interval (ranges of 24–47 months) indicate that reduced dose DMF lessens the degree of lymphopenia, without increasing relapse rate or disease activity as assessed by clinical MRI scans. Our observation suggests that partial dose therapy may be an effective therapeutic option for patients with moderate lymphopenia. Disclosure: Dr. Wong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nguyen has nothing to disclose. Dr Clardy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cortez has nothing to disclose. Dr. DeWitt has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Biogen and Teva. Dr. Greenlee has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Associate Editor for Medlink. Dr. Klein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Paz Soldan has received research support from Biogen. Dr. Steffens has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rose has received research support from Biogen.
Depression and African Americans in the First Decade of Midlife: The Consequences of Social Roles and Gender.

Abstract Objective This study examined gender differences in how three social roles – marriage, parenthood, and employment – impact depressive symptoms and clinically significant depression for African Americans in the first decade of midlife, from 40 to 50 years old. Specifically, we sought to understand the associations between roles configurations (e.g., married parent versus employed only) and depressed mood as well as diagnosable depression. Method The data for this study were extracted from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort (NLSY79). Constituting a representative sample of non-institutionalized Americans, NLSY respondents were interviewed each year from 1979 to 1994 and biennially thereafter. Our study included 2372 African Americans. We used ordinary least squares regression to estimate depressive symptoms and logistic regression to model the probability of clinically significant depression. Results African American men who were married/cohabiting only, employed only, or married/cohabiting, employed parents experienced lower levels of depressed mood, compared to African American women. Holding none of the roles under consideration in this study resulted in higher levels of depressive symptoms for African American women than for African American men. For diagnosable depression, the role combinations of married/cohabiting, employed and married/cohabiting, employed parent resulted in a lower probability of depression for African American men, compared to their female counterparts. Regardless of gender, role configurations that included employment produced the lowest levels of depressive symptoms and the lowest likelihood of clinically significant depression. Conclusions Overall, the pattern of findings showed that role configurations are important in shaping mental health for both African American men and women. Multiple role combinations that included employment make individuals less vulnerable to depressive symptoms and clinically significant depression. Having no roles (e.g., unmarried, unemployed, non-parent) was more problematic for the well-being of African American women compared to African American men, but not as detrimental to African American mental health as prior studies focused on other racial and ethnic groups have suggested.
The Stamps-Baxter GI School of Music

From February 1947 to July 1953, the Stamps-Baxter Music Company sponsored the Stamps-Baxter GI School of Music in Dallas, Texas, for returning soldiers. The US government made education grants available to honorably discharged veterans under Public Law 78-346 (the GI Bill). Some veterans enrolled in traditional colleges and universities; however, many attended specialty schools. The branch of the US armed services in which they served, and the type and length of that service, varied among the students. Reasons for attendance varied; however, most if not all students were drawn by a desire to study shape-note gospel music that grew from musical experiences during their childhood years and the social benefits of interaction with other students.
Preserving Sacred Space: Mahalia Jackson’s Transnational Song Labor During the Era of Decolonization

American performance traditions and music industry trends have historically denigrated religious practices and spaces that African descended people considered sacred or worthy of regard. This legacy of sacrilege is an extension of colonialism wherein the cultural traditions of those conquered are marked primitive, strange, or laughable. Mahalia Jackson resisted such colonial systems of meaning through her discursive song and narratives incorporating both sacred and vernacular Black American traditions across the United States of America and Europe. It was her European success in the early 1950s that boosted her domestic career and distinguished her from peers with equal or greater talent. This critical hearing of her performance, together with a brief archeology of the term “gospel,” reveals how Jackson’s decolonial song labor disrupted structures that had previously excluded the African descended practices and people, and Negro women in particular, from the realm of the sacred.
Modelling construction labour productivity using evolutionary polynomial regression

Construction projects are labour-intensive and labour costs are a substantial percentage of total budget. Impaired labour productivity causes an increase in construction project schedule. Labour productivity is one of the most frequently discussed topics in the construction industry, and modelling labour productivity by utilising different techniques has been getting more attention. It is a challenging task as it requires identifying the influencing factors as well as considering the associated interdependencies. This paper investigates the application of evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) for modelling labour productivity in formwork installation. EPR is a data-driven hybrid modelling technique based on evolutionary computing and has been successfully applied to solving civil engineering problems. Results obtained from the EPR model were compared with the outcomes of three other methods: best subset, stepwise, and general regression neural network (GRNN). Results demonstrate the predictive superiority of the developed EPR model for nonlinear problems based on statistical performance indicators.
Humanware: The Critical Role of People in Supporting Research in the Cloud

Cyberinfrastructure is generally defined as consisting of computing systems, data storage systems, advanced instruments and data repositories, visualization environments, and people, all linked by high-speed networks to enable scholarly innovation and discoveries. Usually, the "people" component is overlooked in favor of all the other "wares" ... hardware, software, vizware, and netware. The term "humanware" provides an analogous term to emphasize the important role that people play in supporting the use of cyberinfrastructure's other components. Humans have always been important to the deployment and effective use of technology. This paper seeks to provide historical perspective on the role of people in deploying technology, and to illuminate the challenges associated with emphasizing humanware's importance to the use of cloud-provided cyberinfrastructure.
THE AFFECT IN THE WORK OF JEAN-FRANÇOIS LYOTARD

An interpretation of the philosophical motivations that drive Jean-Francois Lyotard's appropriation of Freud's metapsychological concept of the affect, which, in the author's view, serves two purposes: it reinterprets first the concept of the unconscious, and second the idea of the victim.
Wind Resource Assessment at Illizi Site in the Algerian Sahara, with Environmental Analysis

This paper gives an investigation of wind characteristics of Illizi site, which is an isolated region situated in the southeastern part of Algerian Sahara. For this purpose, 11 years of measurements hourly data in terms of wind speed and wind direction recorded at 10m a.g.l. were used. For the temporal analysis, the Weibull distribution were used to study the monthly, annual and diurnal wind potential, while the WAsP program were used to establish the wind map and to find the windiest area for wind farm energy production simulation at this desert region. Given that the major part of southern regions in Algeria have an isolated grid, powered by gas and diesel turbines, this study proposes an environmental analysis which assess the quantity of C0 2 not emitted into the atmosphere during a life cycle of a wind power plant of 10 MW rated capacity, composed by 5 wind turbines of 2 MW from Vestas manufacturer, installed in this region. The analysis results for the meteorological station at a height of 10m indicate that the studied site has an appreciable wind potential with a mean wind speed equal to 5.76m/s and a mean power density of 196 W/m2, with the east as dominant direction. Regarding the temporal analysis, it is shown that the monthly mean wind speed ranges from a minimum of 5.1m/s in December to a maximum value of 6.1m/s in May. In addition, it was given that diurnal wind speed analysis gives a good potential in the daytime, while the wind potential is relatively calm during the night. Furthermore, the wind map given at 67 m, shows a mean wind speed which varies from 4 to 11 m/s over the whole studied region. Finally, the wind power plant energy production simulated at a windy site in the region of Illizi gives an annual energy production equal to 40.120 GWh, which leads to avoid the emission of 1754.47 Ton of CO 2 equivalent.
Cardiac biomarkers of disordered eating as a function of diagnostic subtypes.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to identify cardiac biomarkers of disordered eating as a function of diagnostic subtype as assessed via self-report inventory. Method Mean heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean R wave amplitude (mV), mean T wave amplitude (mV), QTc interval (sec), Tpeak-Tend interval prolongation (sec), QTc interval prolongation (sec), QRS prolongation (sec), and spectral indicators of cardiac dysfunction (LF/HF spectral ratio, HF spectral power) were assessed via electrocardiography among women with no eating disorder symptoms (n = 32), subclinical eating disorder symptoms (n = 92), anorexia nervosa (n = 7), bulimia nervosa (n = 89), binge eating disorder (BED: n = 20), and other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED: n = 19). Results MANOVA results showed statistically significant group differences. Follow-up tests revealed significantly decreased mean R wave amplitude among participants with self-indicated clinical (bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder) and subclinical forms of disordered eating compared to asymptomatic controls. Discussion Results suggest decreased mean R wave amplitude is a promising cardiac biomarker of disordered eating.
Interactions between SQUAMOSA and SVP MADS-box proteins regulate meristem transitions during wheat spike development

A better understanding of spike development can contribute to improving wheat productivity. MADS-box genes VRN1 and FUL2 (SQUAMOSA-clade) play critical and redundant roles in wheat spike and spikelet development, where they act as repressors of MADS-box genes of the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) clade (VRT2, SVP1 and SVP3). Here, we show that wheat vrt2 svp1 mutants are late flowering, have shorter stems, increased number of spikelets per spike and unusual axillary inflorescences in nodes of the elongating stem. Constitutive expression of VRT2 resulted in leafy glumes and lemmas, reversion of basal spikelets to spikes, and down-regulation of MADS-genes involved in floral development. Moreover, constitutive expression of VRT2 enhanced spikelet defects of ful2, whereas vrt2 reduced vegetative characteristics in the spikelets of vrn1 ful2 mutants heterozygous for VRN-A1. These SVP-SQUAMOSA genetic interactions were paralleled by physical interactions among their encoded proteins. SVP proteins were able to reduce SQUAMOSA-SEPALLATA interactions in yeast-three-hybrid experiments. We propose that SQUAMOSA-SVP complexes act during the early reproductive phase to promote heading, formation of the terminal spikelet, and stem elongation, but that down-regulation of SVP genes is then necessary for the formation of SQUAMOSA-SEPALLATA complexes that are required for normal spikelet and floral development.
Environmental impact of desalination: A systematic review of Life Cycle Assessment

Abstract Due to the global challenge of water insecurity, desalination capacity in the world has grown in recent decades. At the same time, concerns over desalination's detrimental environmental impact have increased. To evaluate the environmental impact of desalination, Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) are often conducted. Yet, the disparate array of LCA studies do not provide a systematic understanding of the underlying evidence related to specific environmental impacts of desalination. To fill this gap, we reviewed 38 studies with 295 LCA scenarios on desalination published from 2000 to 2018. This paper presents the scope of current research related to LCA methods, databases, and methods. We produced an evidence map to identify identified that maintenance and operation, treatment process, and the energy sector as the main contributors to negative environmental impacts as they relate to key life-cycle phases, the water cycle, and components such as energy, chemicals, and materials. Next, we compared the environmental impact of alternative options including water supply and technologies to reduce the environmental burden of desalination and found the possible future technology interventions for sustainable desalination. At the same time, we reveal that emerging technologies that aim to reduce energy consumption have the potential to increase other environmental burdens such as chemical usage. The systematic review provides an evidence-based framework for future research, which should consider the various impact categories, address gaps between the current studies and the real-world environmental concerns, evaluate social and economic impacts, and examine new and emerging technologies.
Multi-orbital and Cluster DMFT

In this chapter, we present generalizations of the one-orbital one-atom-cell Hubbard model on the multi-orbital and cluster (several atoms in the unit cell) cases. We begin with derivation of the DMFT equations in the multi-orbital case and proceed with the cluster DMFT. In this part, we formulate general formalism and give details of the most popular approaches—cluster perturbation theory, cellular DMFT and dynamical cluster approximation (DCA). At the end of the chapter, we present some results obtained with these approaches, including phase diagrams for the 2D Hubbard model, and compare results obtained with the cluster and one-site DMFT approaches.
The Influence of Emotion States on Appetite and Eating

The study described in this chapter was designed to investigate effects of emotion states on quantity of food consumption. It is commonly recognized that emotion states influence eating behavior. The effects of anxiety on eating have been of considerable interest (e.g., Abramson, 1971; Bruch, 1973; Herman & Polivy, 1975; McBride, 1976; Van Buskirk, 1977), but results on eating as a possible anxiety reducer, or on the eating habits of anxious versus nonanxious persons have been inconclusive. There is a suggestion, however, that obesity can be a correlate of depression (e.g., Levy, 1974; Pollitt & Young, 1971) and possibly of hypertension - the latter being suggested by studies in which rats were selectively bred for hypertension (Koletsky, 1975).
Ryanodinopathies: RyR-Linked Muscle Diseases.

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the clinical characteristics, genetics, and pathophysiological mechanisms of the ryanodinopathies, an eclectic array of clinically distinct muscle disorders caused by inherited and acquired alterations in skeletal and cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR) function. Ryanodinopathies results from mutations and functional alterations in the skeletal—RyR1—and cardiac—RyR2—muscle RyRs. RyR1 mutations are linked to malignant hyperthermia (MH), a hypermetabolic pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle triggered by volatile anesthetics and several congenital myopathies, including central core disease (CCD), multi-minicore disease, core-rod myopathy, and centronuclear myopathy. The chapter discusses the potential mechanism by which RyR disease mutations alter channel sensitivity, leak, and release: (1) RyR hyperphosphorylation and FK506 binding protein (FKBP) dissociation, (2) disruption of critical RyR interdomain regulatory interactions, (3) enhanced store overload-induced Ca 2+ release, and (4) reduced RyR-mediated Ca 2+ ﬂux because of altered channel gating or Ca 2+ permeation.
MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE GONODACTYLIDAE (STOMATOPODA) USING MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME OXIDASE C (SUBUNIT 1) DNA SEQUENCE DATA

A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the stomatopod family Gonodactylidae and selected representatives of the superfamily Gonodactyloidea was conducted using 649 base pairs of DNA sequence data from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase C subunit 1 (CO-I). Results showed the family Gonodactylidae is not monophyletic (P < 0.0001). Within the Gonodactylidae, results are inconclusive as to whether Gonodactylellus, Gonodactylinus, and Gonodactylus represent distinct monophyletic taxa or should be collapsed into a single genus Gonodactylus. Results strongly indicate that Gonodactylellus is polyphyletic; four of the five Gonodactylellus species examined formed a monophyletic clade which was closely related to Gonodactylus and Gonodactylinus, while Gonodactylellus hendersoni was found to be deeply divergent from its congeners and formed a strong monophyletic group with members of Gonodactylopsis and Hoplosquilla. The genus Gonodactylaceus was found to be monophyletic and highly divergent from the other gonodactylid genera. The species Gonodactylaceus aloha is shown to be a synonym of G. mutatus. Finally, although our analysis suggests a close relationship of Odontodactylus and Hemisquilla, high levels of nucleotide substitution saturation prevented the resolution of deep (family level) branches within the phylogenetic structure of this relatively old stomatopod lineage.
A prototype automated dental identification system (ADIS)

In this demonstration we present an early version prototype of an automated system for postmortem identification based on dental radiograph comparison. We overview the structure of the proposed automated dental identification system (ADIS) prototype that we are currently developing. We briefly discuss some of the techniques we use in developing the prototype ADIS, as well as initial testing results. Finally, we sketch out our research plans for completing the ADIS prototype.
Flexible Distribution of Energy and Storage Resources: Integrating These Resources into a Microgrid

Industrial power systems in the mining and metal industries typically comprise several large and fluctuating loads, such as crushers, excavators, shovels, and steel mills. Flexible distribution of energy and storage resources (FDERS) is a proposed new framework for reliably regulating the quickly varying loads supplied by a network of multiple smaller-rated distributed energy resources (DERs), especially when power from the main grid is not available. It was inspired by the cooperative V-shape formation of flocks of birds and the peloton/echelon formation of cycling racing teams for extending their endurance limits. Similar ideas applied to integrating DERs can extend sustainability through increased resource lifetime, optimal energy storage deployment, enhanced controllability, and improved system robustness.
Mutual dependence, mutual success: collaboration benefits all

The semiconductor industry is an important part of today's modern economy. Innovations in this area have both increased the quality of life and created opportunities for millions of people around the world. Microelectronics research is critical for advancing semiconductor technology that will enable the products of tomorrow. Collaboration between industry, education and government in developing new technologies is key to continued advancements in microelectronics. Although there is still a need for increased future funding of university research in the electronics related fields, there are today successful programs at both the local and national level. This presentation will review some of the historical contributions of the semiconductor industry, and how collaborative programs have played a role.
A karyotypic analysis of nilgai, Boselaphus tragocamelus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

A combination of chromosomal banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to characterize the karyotype of Boselaphus tragocamelus (nilgai) relative to the domestic cattle standard karyotype. G-, Q- and C-band karyotypes of nilgai are presented, and the chromosomal complement of nilgai is determined to be 2n=46 (female FN=60, male FN=59; NAA=56), consistent with previous reports for the species. Comparisons with cattle identified extensive monobrachial homologies with some noteworthy exceptions. Chromosome 25 is centrically fused to 24, and chromosome 16 is acrocentric. Both appear to have additional pericentromeric material not seen in the equivalent cattle acrocentrics. This pericentromeric chromatin may be the result of de novo additions or translocation of pericentromeric material from chromosome 6, which is shown to be centrically fused to 13 but is only about two-thirds the length of cattle 6. Comparisons with cattle demonstrated that nilgai chromosome 17 has undergone a paracentric inversion and that chromosome 20 has two blocks of interstitial constitutive heterochromatin. The identities of both chromosomes were confirmed by chromosomal FISH. Furthermore, chromosomal banding and FISH were used to determine that autosome 14 has been fused to the ancestral X and Y of nilgai to form compound neo-X and -Y chromosomes. Additional FISH analyses were conducted to confirm other proposed chromosome homologies and to identify nucleolar organizing regions within the nilgai complement.
Thermal Cycling of Advanced Compressive Seal for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Thermal cycling was conducted on the compressive mica seals at 800 degrees C in air. Thin ({approx}0.1 mm) Muscovite mica was pressed between a metal tube and an alumina substrate and tested for leak rates at a stress of 100 psi in the advanced design and the plain design. The advanced design involves adding two glass interlayers and was found to greatly reduce the leak rates. Two metals (Inconcl No.600 and SS430) with high and low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) were used to evaluate the effect of CTE mismatch on thermal cycling. The results showed that the leak rates were lower for the advanced design than the plain micas. In addition, using the lower CTE (SS430) metal tube resulted in lower leak rates as compared to Inconel No.600 metal (high CTE). In general, the leak rates abruptly increased during the first couple of cycles, and the
Underascertainment of radiotherapy receipt in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data.

BACKGROUND: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry data have been used to suggest underuse and disparities in receipt of radiotherapy. Prior studies have cautioned that SEER may underascertain radiotherapy but lacked adequate representation to assess whether underascertainment varies by geography or patient sociodemographic characteristics. The authors sought to determine rates and correlates of underascertainment of radiotherapy in recent SEER data. METHODS: The authors evaluated data from 2290 survey respondents with nonmetastatic breast cancer, aged 20 to 79 years, diagnosed from June of 2005 to February 2007 in Detroit and Los Angeles and reported to SEER registries (73% response rate). Survey responses regarding treatment and sociodemographic factors were merged with SEER data. The authors compared radiotherapy receipt as reported by patients versus SEER records. The authors then assessed correlates of radiotherapy underascertainment in SEER. RESULTS: Of 1292 patients who reported receiving radiotherapy, 273 were coded as not receiving radiotherapy in SEER (underascertained). Underascertainment was more common in Los Angeles than in Detroit (32.0% vs 11.25%, P < .001). On multivariate analysis, radiotherapy underascertainment was significantly associated in each registry (Los Angeles, Detroit) with stage (P = .008, P = .026), income (P < .001, P = .050), mastectomy receipt (P < .001, P < .001), chemotherapy receipt (P < .001, P = .045), and diagnosis at a hospital that was not accredited by the American College of Surgeons (P < .001, P < .001). In Los Angeles, additional significant variables included younger age (P < .001), nonprivate insurance (P < .001), and delayed receipt of radiotherapy (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: SEER registry data as currently collected may not be an appropriate source for documentation of rates of radiotherapy receipt or investigation of geographic variation in the radiation treatment of breast cancer. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Eye on the Amazon: Brazilian Indians, the State, and Global Culture

At the Edge of Conquest: The Journey of Chief Wai-Wai. 1992. 28 minutes, color. Produced by Geoffrey O'Connor .Realis Pictures Inc. Distributed by Filmaker's Library, 124 East 40th Street, Suite 901, New York, NY 10016.212/80&4980. Amazon Journal. 1996. 58 minutes, color. Produced and directed by Geoffrey O'Connor. Realis Pictures Inc. Distributed by Filmaker's Library, 124 East 40th Street, Suite 901, New York, NY 10016. 212/8084980.
Visions of circuits and systems: circa 2100

Summary form only given, as follows. A hundred years from now, circuits and systems will be made of smart molecules operating in the quantum-mechanical regime. The architecture will be based Cellular Nonlinear Networks (CNN) where brain-like computation is consummated via the local activity principle. The systems will be self-assembled via bio-chemical processes. The author covers a broad spectrum of new concepts ranging from nonlinear circuit theory to molecular biology.
Dose-response for chiropractic care of chronic low back pain☆

Abstract Background context There have been no trials of optimal chiropractic care in terms of number of office visits for spinal manipulation and other therapeutic modalities. Purpose To conduct a pilot study to make preliminary identification of the effects of number of chiropractic treatment visits for manipulation with and without physical modalities (PM) on chronic low back pain and disability. Study design/setting Randomized controlled trial with a balanced 4×2 factorial design. Conducted in the faculty practice of a chiropractic college outpatient clinic. Patient sample Seventy-two patients with chronic, nonspecific low back pain of mechanical origin. Main outcome measures Von Korff pain and disability (100-point) scales. Methods Patients were randomly allocated to visits (1, 2, 3 or 4 visits/week for 3 weeks) and to treatment regimen (spinal manipulation only or spinal manipulation with PM). All patients received high-velocity low-amplitude spinal manipulation. Half received one or two of the following PM at each visit: soft tissue therapy, hot packs, electrotherapy or ultrasound. Results Pain intensity: At 4 weeks, there was a substantial linear effect of visits favoring a larger number of visits: 5.7 points per 3 visits (SE=2.3, p=.014). There was no effect of treatment regimen. At 12 weeks, the data suggested the potential for a similar effect of visits on patients receiving both manipulation and PM. Functional disability: At 4 weeks, a visits effect was noted (p=.018); the slope for group means was approximately 5 points per 3 visits. There were no group differences at 12 weeks. Conclusions There was a positive, clinically important effect of the number of chiropractic treatments for chronic low back pain on pain intensity and disability at 4 weeks. Relief was substantial for patients receiving care 3 to 4 times per week for 3 weeks.
Recognition of the Various Expressions of Anxiety, Psychosis, and Aggression in Epilepsy

Anxiety, psychosis, and aggressive behavior are among the frequent comorbid psychiatric disorders identified in patients with epilepsy. Often the clinical manifestations of these disorders vary according to their temporal relation relative to seizure occurrence. Thus, postictal symptoms of anxiety or psychosis differ in severity, duration, and response to treatment with interictal symptomatology. Psychiatric symptomatology in epilepsy can appear concurrently with the seizure disorder and improve or remit on the abolition of epileptic activity. We refer to these as paraictal psychiatric phenomena. Such is the case of aggressive disturbances associated with gelastic seizures caused by hypothalamic hamartomas. In this article, three case studies are presented to illustrate the importance of distinguishing psychiatric symptoms of anxiety, psychosis, and aggression, with respect to their temporal relation with seizure occurrence.
Maintenance of transmission lines by helicopter

SUCCESSFUL USE of the transport helicopter in Korea and in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia is focusing attention on the potentialities of this craft as a transport vehicle. With such successful operations in mind, a study was indicated of the feasibility of using a commercially available 8-passenger 1,500-pound payload-carrying transport helicopter for transmission-line maintenance and repair work. The system studied was the 1,558-mile transmission system of the Parker-Davis Project of the Bureau of Reclamation, in Arizona, California, and Nevada.
Plodia interpunctella: Effect of Sex Ratio on Reproductivity

The effect of sex ratio on the reproductive capacity of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), was compared in a test of sequential mating and by varying the ratio of males to females from 6:1 to 1:6. Males mated as many as 10 times and females as many as 5 times. The sex ratio had a great effect on the number of times a male mated but had much less effect on female mating. The total number of progeny produced was directly correlated to the number of matings by males but not to the number by females. The maximum number of progeny per male was 2200 and the maximum per female was 450. High moth densities did not affect mating frequency.
PHASE TRANSFORMATION DAMAGE IN PLUTONIUM.

Abstract Plutonium may contain a large volume of microcracks which form during the β → α transformation. The volume of microcracks increases with increasing transformation temperature, metal purity, specimen size and applied uniaxial tensile stress. Transformation cycling causes additional microcracking, with concomitant swelling in all directions and extensive surface rumpling. For a given β → α transformation temperature, more damage occurs if the parent beta was formed from alpha rather than gamma. Alpha plutonium containing no microcracks can be produced by quenching the beta phase to −75° C during casting. No physical damage occurs during γ ⇆ β, δ ⇆ γ, or δ ⇆ β transformation cycling if the metal initially contains no microcracks.
Isopycnography of intact cells — V: The kinetics of the initiation of DNA synthesis in E. coli undergoing nutrient shift-up

Abstract Manipulation of the ribosome content of E. coli by means of a nutrient shift-up leads to predictable changes in cellular specific gravity. Thus whole-cell pycnography can be used to monitor the proliferative status of the rRNA loci which cluster closely about the genetic origin of DNA synthesis. In this manner the rate of initiating new rounds of genome replication was followed during an upshift. The results indicate that after a short lag initiation of new rounds abruptly and completely shifts to the rate appropriate to the enriched conditions.
Hypermethylation of the nel-like 1 gene is a common and early event and is associated with poor prognosis in early-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma

The nel-like1 (NELL1) gene maps to chromosome 11p15, which frequently undergoes loss of heterozygosity in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). NELL1 promoter hypermethylation was examined by real-time methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 259 human esophageal tissues. Hypermethylation of this promoter showed highly discriminative receiver-operator characteristic curve profiles, clearly distinguishing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and EAC from normal esophagus (NE) (P<0.001). NELL1 normalized methylation values were significantly higher in Barrett's metaplasia (BE), dysplastic Barrett's (D) and EAC than in NE (P<0.0000001). NELL1 hypermethylation frequency was zero in NE but increased early during neoplastic progression, to 41.7% in BE from patients with Barrett's alone, 52.5% in D and 47.8% in EAC. There was a significant correlation between NELL1 hypermethylation and BE segment length. Three (11.5%) of 26 ESCCs exhibited NELL1 hypermethylation. Survival correlated inversely with NELL1 hypermethylation in patients with stages I-II (P=0.0264) but not in stages III-IV (P=0.68) EAC. Treatment of KYSE220 ESCC and BIC EAC cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine reduced NELL1 methylation and increased NELL1 mRNA expression. NELL1 mRNA levels in EACs with an unmethylated NELL1 promoter were significantly higher than those in EACs with a methylated promoter (P=0.02). Promoter hypermethylation of NELL1 is a common, tissue-specific event in human EAC, occurs early during Barrett's-associated esophageal neoplastic progression, and is a potential biomarker of poor prognosis in early-stage EAC.
Intracaval Repair of a Persistent Ductus Venosus in a Dog

A persistent ductus venosus was diagnosed in a 4-month-old Old English sheepdog. Total occlusion of blood flow to the liver was achieved through heparinization, hepatic artery occlusion, and placement of bypass cannulas from the portal vein and caudal vena cava to the right atrium. Intracaval closure of the ductus venosus then was accomplished. Despite postoperative complications of continued hemorrhage and acute renal uremia, the animal recovered. The neurologic abnormalities exhibited before surgery resolved, and the dog became more active and gained weight. The dog died due to undetermined causes three months after surgery. The ductus venosus was found to be closed, and the liver was markedly increased in size at necropsy.
Residual circulation in eastern Long Island Sound: Observed transverse-vertical structure and exchange transport

Abstract Residual currents in eastern Long Island Sound (LIS) are investigated using direct velocity measurements from an acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted on a ferry. Circulation at the site has major influence on exchange of water and water-borne materials between LIS and the coastal ocean. Ferry sampling enables sufficient averaging to isolate the residual motion from stronger tidal currents, and captures its spatial structure. Mean along-estuary currents based on about 2 years of sampling reveal a vigorous estuarine exchange circulation (peak 25–30 cm s −1 at depth), with flow eastward out of the estuary in the upper water column of the southern half and inward westward movement strengthening with depth over the central and north section. Application of volume conservation implies there is a strong eastward current out of the estuary in the shallowest 7 m where no measurements were made, as expected for estuarine exchange flow. Water from the Connecticut River, entering LIS on the north shore nearby to the west, does not appear to exit the estuary directly eastward along the north shore unless this occurs wholly in the shallow layer not sampled. Transverse currents have complex structure with generally northward (southward) flow where shallow outward (deep inward) motion occurs. An idealized semi-analytic solution for transverse-vertical structure of along- and across-estuary flow has limited success accounting for observed currents, despite inclusion of bathymetric, frictional, and rotational influences; this suggests the importance in LIS of dynamics it omits, in particular stratification, or does not represent with sufficient realism, such as complex bathymetry. Estimated annual-mean exchange volume transport, based on the better-sampled deep inward component, is 22,700±5000 m 3 s −1 . This is comparable to previous estimates from some salt budget and hydrographic analyses, and implies advection contributes substantially to the total salt transport, contrary to results of a recent box-model analysis of hydrographic measurements. At seasonal timescales, changes to the transverse-vertical velocity structure are modest, but amplitude variations cause exchange volume transport increases (decreases) to 30,000 m 3 s −1 (18,000 m 3 s −1 ) in the summer (winter) months; a power-law dependence of exchange on river flow, as seen in other estuaries, is not supported. Strengthened summer transport is associated with enhanced stratification, suggesting that mixing effects modulate the exchange. To the extent that advection by residual flow contributes to total exchange between LIS and coastal waters, the flushing of materials from LIS should occur substantially faster in summer than in winter.
Prevention of Aneurysm Development and Rupture by Local Overexpression of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1

Background—Arterial aneurysms exhibit a loss of elastin and an increase in the plasminogen activators urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Because u-PA, t-PA, and plasmin have a limited proteolytic activity against elastin, the role of plasminogen activators in the aneurysmal disease is unclear. To investigate this question, we overexpressed plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an inhibitor of t-PA and u-PA, in a rat model of aortic aneurysm. Methods and Results—Guinea pig–to-rat aortic xenografts were seeded with syngeneic Fischer 344 rat smooth muscle cells retrovirally transduced with the rat PAI-1 gene (LPSN group) or the vector alone (LXSN group). Some grafts were not seeded with cells (NO group). Western blots showed increased PAI-1 in grafts from the LPSN group compared with LXSN and NO groups. All grafts in the NO group (n=8) and 40% in the LXSN group ruptured between days 4 and 14. At 4 weeks in the LXSN group, the remaining unruptured grafts (n=6)...
Straight alley extinction performance is disrupted by taste-aversion conditioning

Abstract Three experiments investigated the effects on taste-reinforced straight alley performance of a single, response-contingent toxicosis exposure. In Experiment 1, rats ran on a single conditioning trial to a goalbox containing a saccharin reward and a distinct peppermint odor. Controls ran for a water reward in the presence of the same odor. All animals were then injected with lithium chloride. Experiment 2A was procedurally identical to Experiment 1 except the goalbox did not contain the distinct odor on the conditioning trial. On extinction tests in the presence of the odor (Experiment 1) or without the odor (Experiment 2A), instrumental behavior was disrupted in the groups that drank saccharin in the goalbox during conditioning. Experiment 2B ruled out the possible contribution of neophobia-mediated punishment to these effects. Taken together, the outcomes of these experiments indicate that straight alley locomotor behavior can be used as a noningestive assessment of taste-mediated potentiation.
Environmental Monitoring of Chromium in Air, Soil, and Water

Historical uses of chromium have resulted in its widespread release into the environment. In recent years, a significant amount of research has evaluated the impact of chromium on human health and the environment. Additionally, numerous analytical methods have been developed to identify and quantitate chromium in environmental media in response to various state and federal mandates such as CERCLA, RCRA, CWA, CAA, and SWDA. Due to the significant toxicity differences between trivalent [Cr(III)] and hexavalent [Cr(VI)] chromium, it is essential that chromium be quantified in these two distinct valence states to assess the potential risks to exposure to each in environmental media. Speciation is equally important because of their marked differences in environmental behavior. As the knowledge of risks associated with each valence state has grown and regulatory requirements have evolved, methods to accurately quantitate these species at ever-decreasing concentrations within environmental media have also evolved. This paper addresses the challenges of chromium species quantitation and some of the most relevant current methods used for environmental monitoring, including ASTM Method D5281 for air, SW-846 Methods 3060A, 7196A and 7199 for soils, sediments, and waste, and U.S. EPA Method 218.6 for water.
Pedagogical Stances of High School ESL Teachers: Huelgas in High School ESL Classrooms

This article presents a qualitative case study of the pedagogical stances of high school English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers, and the subsequent responses of resistance or conformity by their English Language Learners (ELLs). The participants include three high school ESL teachers and 60 high school ESL students of Mexican origin. Findings indicate that dehumanizing pedagogical stances by ESL teachers promote rigid language boundaries. In response, ESL students perceive the boundaries and articulate apprehension over the inevitable loss of their linguistic and cultural identities and they wage huelgas (strikes) of resistance. Findings also indicate that humanizing pedagogy promotes huelgas that foster cultural knowledge and pride.