cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and performance of a modular fiber reinforced plastic bridge

An integral fiber reinforced plastic bridge structural system is described. The design is carefully engineered to incorporate fiber reinforced plastics as the sole structural material. As a result, a number of special features evolved to produce an efficient bridge design. We describe the structural components, highlight the structural performance and some of the novel features incorporated in this design, and compare the performance of our design to other composite bridges. The design appears to have potential as a new approach to the ancient bridge construction problem that utilizes the properties of this class of materials to the fullest.
Short-latency discriminative unit response: Engram or bias?

Recent studies have shown changes during conditioning in CS-related neuronal activity. The changes were associative in character, similar to behavioral changes which result from conditioning. However, unlike behavioral conditioned responses, the neuronal responses had very short latencies (5-35 msec). In the present paper, two hypotheses accounting for the short-latency associative activity are examined. One hypothesis assumes acquisition of a neuronal modification (engram) in the vicinity of the recording electrode. The second hypothesis postulates a tonic flow of impulses originating from a distant neural locus, which biases the activity of the recorded neurons to produce the associative response. Implications of each viewpoint are examined and the greater appeal of the bias hypothesis is asserted, based upon certain implausible implications of the engram hypothesis. Recently obtained data are presented which favor the bias hypothesis over the engram hypothesis for one CNS locality.
Primate experiments on oral respiration

Oral respiration associated with obstruction of the nasal airway is a common finding among patients seeking orthodontic treatment. The primate experiments reported here are part of a series designed to test some of the current hypotheses regarding the relationship between mouth breathing and dental malocclusions, that is, between deviations in orofacial muscle recruitment and jaw morphogenesis. Mouth-breathing was developed in the animals of this experiment by obstruction of the nasal passages with silicon nose plugs. The experiments showed that the monkeys adapted to nasal obstruction in different ways. In general, the experimental animals maintained an open mouth. Some increased the oral airway rhythmically, while others maintained the mandible in a lower position with or without protruding the tongue. All experimental animals gradually acquired a facial appearance and dental occlusion different from those of the control animals. From these and the previously reported primate experiments in this laboratory, it can be deduced that orthodontic appliances in general affect the morphology of the orofacial structure in two ways: by direct force and by sensory stimulation. (1) The appliance exerts a direct physical force which alters the strain distribution in the bone and elicits bone remodeling and tooth movement. (2) The presence of the appliance initiates the sensory input which triggers a neuromuscular response. This change in neuromuscular activity, in turn, affects both muscle development and bone remodeling. The fixed orthodontic appliance may work mainly on the first principle. Certain removable appliances may have a significant effect based on the second principle.
Effect of Trap Size, Trap Height and Age of Lure on Sampling Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), and its Flight Periodicity and Seasonality

ABSTRACT Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a non-native pest that transmits the causal pathogen of laurel wilt disease to plants belonging to the Lauraceae. To improve the current monitoring and survey techniques of X. glabratus, various trapping and flight behavior studies were conducted in natural areas with host species in Alachua County, Florida. Daylight flight rhythm studied at Austin Cary Memorial Forest twice in Sep 2010 using sticky traps baited with manuka lures showed that X. glabratus flies mostly between 1600 and 1800 h daylight saving time. Flight height of the beetle was determined in a trapping study using ladder-like traps. The largest number of beetles was trapped at heights of 35–100 cm above the ground. Seasonality of X. glabratus was studied in Florida from Mar 2010–Dec 2011. Three peaks of trap catches occurred during Apr 2010, Oct 2010 and Mar 2011. To find the optimal Lindgren funnel trap design for X. glabratus, a study was conducted using 4, 8, 12 and...
Delay-Time-Enhanced Flat-Band Photonic Crystal Waveguides with Capsule-Shaped Holes on Silicon Nanomembrane

A slow-group-velocity- and low-group-velocity-dispersion photonic crystal slab waveguide is designed by using capsule-shaped air holes in hexagonal lattice. The theoretical study shows that adjusting the aspect ratio of holes in the innermost rows can fine-tune the dispersion tail. The presented design can achieve nearly flat-band photonic crystal waveguides with group index of 21-36 over the normalized bandwidth (Deltaomega/ omega) of 1.38% - 0.4%. We also discuss the effects of the change in the holes' aspect ratio combined with a slight size adjustment. The group index in the range of 21-43 for normalized bandwidth of about 1.5% - 0.3% is obtained with the combination effect. The optimized designed exhibits a nearly constant group index of 21 over 22.7 nanometer bandwidth at lambda = 1.55 mum.
Use of scaled-down models for predicting vibration response of laminated plates

Abstract An analytical investigation was undertaken to show how and to what extent similitude theory can be applied in the design of scaled-down models. Through similitude the necessary similarity conditions, referred to herein as scaling laws, pertaining to free vibrations of laminated plates are derived. Establishment of scaling laws, based on the direct use of the governing equations is discussed and their use in the design of models is presented. These scaling laws provide the relationships between structural geometric parameters and frequency response parameters of a scaled-down model and its prototype. Later, these conditions are used to design a model, the experimental data of which can be projected in order to predict the behavior of the prototype. Attention is focused on the use of models for the analysis of free vibrations of multilayered composite rectangular plates. Angle-ply and cross-ply symmetric configurations are chosen for investigation. This analytical study indicates that distorted models with a different number of layers, material properties, and geometries than those of the prototype can predict the behavior of the prototype with good accuracy.
Comments on "A Mueller matrix formalism for modeling polarization effects in erbium-doped fiber"

This comment presents a means of extending to the paper cited above, the effects of circular polarization anisotropy for the evolution of optical signals in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) and lasers.
Copy number gain at Xp22.31 includes complex duplication rearrangements and recurrent triplications

Genomic instability is a feature of the human Xp22.31 region wherein deletions are associated with X-linked ichthyosis, mental retardation and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A putative homologous recombination hotspot motif is enriched in low copy repeats that mediate recurrent deletion at this locus. To date, few efforts have focused on copy number gain at Xp22.31. However, clinical testing revealed a high incidence of duplication of Xp22.31 in subjects ascertained and referred with neurobehavioral phenotypes. We systematically studied 61 unrelated subjects with rearrangements revealing gain in copy number, using multiple molecular assays. We detected not only the anticipated recurrent and simple nonrecurrent duplications, but also unexpectedly identified recurrent triplications and other complex rearrangements. Breakpoint analyses enabled us to surmise the mechanisms for many of these rearrangements. The clinical significance of the recurrent duplications and triplications were assessed using different approaches. We cannot find any evidence to support pathogenicity of the Xp22.31 duplication. However, our data suggest that the Xp22.31 duplication may serve as a risk factor for abnormal phenotypes. Our findings highlight the need for more robust Xp22.31 triplication detection in that such further gain may be more penetrant than the duplications. Our findings reveal the distribution of different mechanisms for genomic duplication rearrangements at a given locus, and provide insights into aspects of strand exchange events between paralogous sequences in the human genome.
Some results for skip-free random walk

A random walk that is skip-free to the left can only move down one level at a time but can skip up several levels. Such random walk features prominently in many places in applied probability including queuing theory and the theory of branching processes. This article exploits the special structure in this class of random walk to obtain a number of simplified derivations for results that are much more difficult in general cases. Although some of the results in this article have appeared elsewhere, our proof approach is different.
Home literacy environments and children's reading performance: a comparative study of 25 countries

Using data for 4th graders in primary schools from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), I compare across 25 countries the ways in which home literacy environments influence children's reading performance. Examined are three indicators: early home literacy activities, parental attitudes toward reading, and number of books at home. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analyses show that the 3 measures of home literacy environments positively affect children's reading performance in almost all countries, while the strength of the effects varies substantially across countries. The extent to which the effect of parental education on children's reading is mediated by home literacy environment is only modest except for a few countries. Finally, multilevel models show that the effects of early home literacy activities and parental reading attitudes vary across countries according to their levels of economic development, while the effect of number of books shows the U-shaped relatio...
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Differentially Modifies Fatty Acid Composition in Subcellular Fractions of Muscle and Adipose Tissue but Not Adiposity of Postweanling Pigs

This study examined the interaction between conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and dietary fat type on the enrichment of subcellular fractions, the Δ 9 desaturase index and adiposity in pigs. Early weaned piglets (n = 6/group) were fed for 35 d diets supplemented with 15 g/100 g diet beef tallow or corn oil, or 12 g/100 g tallow or corn oil plus 3 g CLA. There were no effects of dietary fat or CLA on the mass of dissected skin, bone, muscle or adipose tissue of the 7th to 9th thoracic rib sections. Medial subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs fed tallow had smaller adipocytes than that of pigs fed corn oil. The lateral subcutaneous site was unaffected by dietary fat type. Microsomes accumulated <50% the concentration of trans-10,cis-12, cis-11,trans-13, and cis-9,trans-11 CLA as membrane and nonmembrane fractions of adipose tissue and longissimus muscle. There was no evidence of preferential incorporation of any CLA isomer into any of the subcellular fractions. Addition of CLA to the diets reduced adipose tissue nonmembrane monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; g/100 g total fatty acids) by 15% in corn oil-fed pigs and by 19% in tallow-fed pigs. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) were increased by CLA commensurately in this lipid fraction. This resulted in a reduced Δ 9 desaturase index [MUFA/(SFA + MUFA)] in the nonmembrane lipid fraction of pigs fed either the corn oil or tallow diets. Thus, in spite of marked effects on fatty acid composition and the Δ 9 desaturase index, CLA had no effect on adiposity in early weaned piglets fed high fat diets.
Papilin in development; a pericellular protein with a homology to the ADAMTS metalloproteinases.

Papilin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that we have found to be involved in, (1) thin matrix layers during gastrulation, (2) matrix associated with wandering, phagocytic hemocytes, (3) basement membranes and (4) space-filling matrix during Drosophila development. Determination of its cDNA sequence led to the identification of Caenorhabditis and mammalian papilins. A distinctly conserved ‘papilin cassette’ of domains at the amino-end of papilins is also the carboxyl-end of the ADAMTS subgroup of secreted, matrix-associated metalloproteinases; this cassette contains one thrombospondin type 1 (TSR) domain, a specific cysteine-rich domain and several partial TSR domains. In vitro, papilin non-competitively inhibits procollagen N-proteinase, an ADAMTS metalloproteinase. Inhibiting papilin synthesis in Drosophila or Caenorhabditis causes defective cell arrangements and embryonic death. Ectopic expression of papilin in Drosophila causes lethal abnormalities in muscle, Malpighian tubule and trachea formation. We suggest that papilin influences cell rearrangements and may modulate metalloproteinases during organogenesis.
5-D force control system for fingernail imaging calibration

This paper presents a low-cost automated system that is able to apply a 5-degree-of-freedom (DOF) force on a human fingertip with high precision. It is designed to be used as a calibration platform for the previous proposed fingernail imaging system, and as a haptic system. The system is composed of two Novint Falcon devices linked by two universal joints and a rigid bar to provide 5-DOF motion and force, with feedback from a 6-DOF force sensor. A force controller is designed with an inner position control to meet the calibration goal and requirement. Experiment result and analysis showed that the system was capable of controlling the force with a settling time of less than 0.25 seconds. Two force trajectories are designed for fast and sufficient calibrations. A calibration experiments demonstrated that the system tracked the trajectories with an interval of 0.3 seconds, and step sizes of 0.1 N and 1 N·mm with root-mean-squared errors of 0.02 – 0.04 N for forces and 0.39 N·mm for torque.
Enhancing the depth resolution of contactless electrical conductivity imaging

Contactless electrical conductivity imaging (CECI) collects magnetic field measurements of the induced currents from a biological subject. Because magnetic induction strength is highly dependent on the distance between the source and the measurements, information about the deeper conductivity variations are highly vulnerable to measurement noise. In this study, a novel form of the bounded data uncertainties (BDU) algorithm is designed to improve the depth resolution of CECI. The column weighted bounded data uncertainties (CWBDU) algorithm defines column-specific regularization parameters for ill-posed problems, without increasing the computational complexity. The performance of CWBDU is tested on a simulated CECI setup, and results are presented with Tikhonov regularization, Moore Penrose inversion, and BDU results for comparison. The mean square error of the images are at least 1.25 dB better than the mentioned algorithm results for all our test cases. In general, CWBDU seems to be promising tool for other ill-posed problems, such as electrical impedance tomography, and eddy current imaging.
Memory size estimation for multimedia applications

Memory modules dominate the cost, performance, and power of embedded systems that process multidimensional signals, typically present in image and video processing. Therefore, studying the impact of parallelism on memory size is crucial for trading off system performance against area cost to enable intelligent system partitioning and exploration. We propose a memory size estimation method for algorithmic specifications containing multidimensional arrays and parallel constructs, intended as part of a high-level partitioning and exploration methodology. The system designer can trade-off estimation accuracy for increased run time. We present the results of our estimation approach on a number of image and video processing kernels, and discuss some preliminary results on the influence of parallelism on storage requirement.
Induced Fatty Liver-Hemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) and Accumulation of Hepatic Lipid in Force-Fed Laying Chickens

Abstract Weights of the liver components (water, lipid and non-lipid dry weight) were increased in adult female chickens proportional to the amounts of feed force-fed for 21 days at daily amounts up to 50 percent more than ad libitum fed control birds. Despite being force-fed, all force-fed chickens consumed feed, ad libitum, at amounts inversely proportional to the rate of force-feeding. Hepatic hemorrhages characteristic of Fatty Liver-Hemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) were induced in these force-fed birds and the hemorrhagic score, in particular, as well as, the hemorrhagic incidence were directly related to the total daily feed intake and to hepatic fatty metamorphosis. The excellent reproducibility of the experimental data from three experiments using gradient doses of force-feeding suggests that the force-feeding technique is adaptable to an assay procedure.
Using the brief symptom inventory to profile monolingual spanish‐speaking psychiatric outpatients

As part of a larger study (Acosta, Evans, Hurwicz, & Yamamoto, 1987), a translated version of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) was given to 153 monolingual Spanish-speaking psychiatric outpatients in the Los Angeles area. The raw mean scores on the nine primary symptom dimensions and the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the Spanish-speaking population were compared with the published raw mean scores of a normative sample of English-speaking psychiatric outpatients. Results suggested that the Spanish-speaking population had higher symptom levels on several dimensions and the GSI. It was suggested that the BSI could be a potentially useful instrument for self-reported psychiatric symptomatology among the Spanish-speaking population if an appropriate translation of the BSI were used.
Computations of Turbulent Flow over a Backstep

*† Numerical simulations of a turbulent flow over a backward facing step are performed. The governing equations are solved by the finite volume code Cobalt. Fast two-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged and more computationally intensive three-dimensional Detached-Eddy Simulations are carried out, with Menter’s Shear Stress Transport turbulence model. Mean flow quantities such as pressure, velocity and skin friction coefficients are accurately predicted by both techniques. Pressure fluctuations can only be captured by the threedimensional computation. The dominant frequency is in good agreement with existing experimental data, and power spectral analysis is consistent with empirical relations found in the literature. I. Introduction ALL pressure fluctuations beneath a turbulent boundary layer are associated with noise generation and can lead to structural vibrations. It is desirable to understand the nature of pressure fluctuations to limit their impact in several engineering applications such as commercial airplanes and turbines. Turbulent boundary layer measurement has been the subject of numerous investigations, and precious information can be obtained from experiments [1-7], which can be used to validate available semi-empirical models. W With the advent of Computational Fluid Dynamics, numerical tools have been developed to study and understand a wide range of turbulent flow fields. There are mainly three approaches for the computation of turbulent flows. The Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) approach is an “exact method” in the sense that the original governing equations are solved without any modifications, or filtering process. The second approach for turbulent flow computation is the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) [8]. Large scales are numerically computed, whereas the small scales are modeled by simple eddy viscosity models, known as Sub Grid Scale models (SGS). Algebraic models are sufficient, because the imperfections of these simple models should not greatly affect the solution. The two methods described above are very costly in terms of computational time and storage requirement. A more affordable method consists in averaging the Navier-Stokes equations in time, resulting in the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. A turbulence model is required to close the system. Several different turbulence models exist, ranging from simple algebraic models to more sophisticated multi-equation models [9-13]. A hybrid method has been recently developed to take advantage of existing techniques. The Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) combines the RANS approach in regions of thin boundary layer where no separation occur, because this does not constitute a real challenge for RANS and switches to LES in region of massive separation [14]. This method allows a reduction of the prohibitive cost of LES method and therefore, the solution of a turbulent flow field can be obtained within a reasonable computational time.
A Model for Strengthening Collaborative Research Capacity Illustrations From the Atlanta Clinical Translational Science Institute

Introduction. Community-engaged research is effective in addressing health disparities but may present challenges for both academic institutions and community partners. Therefore, the need to build capacity for conducting collaborative research exists. The purpose of this study is to present a model for building research capacity in academic–community partnerships. Method. The Building Collaborative Research Capacity Model was developed as part of the Community Engagement Research Program (CERP) of the Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (ACTSI). Six domains of collaborative research capacity were identified and used to develop a model. Inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes of building collaborative research capacity are described. Results. To test this model, a competitive request for applications was widely distributed and four community-based organizations were funded to participate in a 2-year program with the aim of conducting a pilot study and submitting a research proposal for ...
Discovery of gluten as the injurious component in celiac disease.

Celiac disease is a common disorder that was first identified in the early 1900s. Multiple diets were used to treat celiac disease until 1953, when Dicke, Weijers, and van de Kamer identified gluten as the cause of the symptoms. Today, gluten avoidance continues to be the only treatment for patients with celiac disease. (Nutr Clin Pract. 2011;26:160-162)
Catalytic reduction of NO over a mechanical mixture of NiGa2O4 spinel with manganese oxide : influence of catalyst preparation method

Abstract NO reduction with C 3 H 6 in the presence of O 2 was studied over a mechanical mixture of Ni–Ga mixed oxide with 10 wt.% Mn 2 O 3 . Three Ni–Ga mixed oxides were prepared from co-precipitation methods by using urea or by using aqueous ammonia at the final pH of 8.5 and 9.5. All the Ni–Ga mixed oxides converted to NiGa 2 O 4 spinel. By mixing them with Mn 2 O 3 , NiGa 2 O 4 exhibited a NO reduction activity quite different from one spinel to another: the spinel prepared using urea exhibited a higher NO conversion than the spinel prepared using ammonia. In addition, the NiGa 2 O 4 spinel prepared by using urea had larger pores, a smaller particle size and better Ni dispersion. These factors are probably responsible for the higher activity of the catalyst prepared by using urea. Another advantage of preparation using urea was that the Ga/Ni atomic ratio in the sample could be readily controlled. Using aqueous ammonia led to a serious Ni loss because of the formation of soluble Ni(NH 3 ) 4 2+ complex ions and as a result, the final Ga/Ni atomic ratio in the product was larger than the starting Ga/Ni atomic ratio. The synergetic effect of NO oxidation over Mn 2 O 3 particles and the subsequent reduction of NO 2 with C 3 H 6 over a neighboring NiGa 2 O 4 spinel played an important role in the catalysis of the present mixture catalyst.
Reduced Methylation of the Thromboxane Synthase Gene Is Correlated With Its Increased Vascular Expression in Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is characterized by increased thromboxane and decreased prostacyclin levels, which predate symptoms, and can explain some of the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia, including hypertension and thrombosis. In this study, we examined DNA methylation of the promoter region of the thromboxane synthase gene (TBXAS1) and the expression of thromboxane synthase in systemic blood vessels of normal pregnant and preeclamptic women. Thromboxane synthase is responsible for the synthesis of thromboxane A(2), a potent vasoconstrictor and activator of platelets. We also examined the effect of experimentally induced DNA hypomethylation on the expression of thromboxane synthase in a neutrophil-like cell line (HL-60 cells) and in cultured vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. We found that DNA methylation of the TBXAS1 promoter was decreased and thromboxane synthase expression was increased in omental arteries of preeclamptic women as compared with normal pregnant women. Increased thromboxane synthase expression was observed in vascular smooth muscles cells, endothelial cells, and infiltrating neutrophils. Experimentally induced DNA hypomethylation only increased expression of thromboxane synthase in the neutrophil-like cell line, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α, a neutrophil product, increased its expression in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Our study suggests that epigenetic mechanisms and release of tumor necrosis factor-α by infiltrating neutrophils could contribute to the increased expression of thromboxane synthase in maternal systemic blood vessels, contributing to the hypertension and coagulation abnormalities associated with preeclampsia.
A case of fatal sodium azide ingestion

A fatal case of sodium azide poisoning in which exchange blood transfusions, charcoal hemoperfusion, hemodialysis and potent vasopressor agents failed to prevent the development of circulatory collapse associated with a wide complex cardiac rhythm is presented. The cellular toxin sodium azide resulted in the development of an altered mental status, profound metabolic acidosis, cardiac arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation and terminal wide complex arrhythmias), a relative decrease in cardiac output, hypotension and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Further animal studies are needed to gain new approaches for the treatment of this rare cause of human poisoning.
Determination of the mechanical losses of the Penn State electrical ventricular assist device

The Penn State electric ventricular assist device (EVAD) consists of a brushless DC electric motor, rollerscrew, pusher plate, pump chamber, and valves. The authors analyze the mechanical linkage of the EVAD and quantify the dissipated energy of the rollerscrew and the supporting bearings. Their analysis sheds further light on the physical phenomenon undertaken in transforming the rotary motion of the armature into a linear motion of the pusher plate. Understanding this phenomenon enables them to construct a better mathematical model of the device, which can be used for identifying the possible modifications that will increase the efficiency of future EVAD designs. >
Measurements and Predictions of the Heat Transfer at the Tube-Fin Junction for Louvered Fin Heat Exchangers

Compact heat exchangers are usually characterized by a large heat transfer surface per unit of volume. These characteristics are useful when thermal energy between two or more fluids must be exchanged without mixing. Most compact heat exchangers are liquid-to-air heat exchangers, with approximately 85% of the total thermal resistance occurring on the air side of the heat exchanger. To reduce the space and weight of a compact heat exchanger, augmentation strategies must be proposed to reduce the air side resistance. However, before any strategies to augment the air side heat transfer can be proposed, a thorough insight of the current mechanisms that govern air side heat transfer is required. The tube wall heat transfer results presented in this paper were obtained both experimentally and computationally for a typical compact heat exchanger design. Both isothermal and constant heat flux tube walls were studied. For the experimental investigation, a scaled-up model of the louvered fin-tube wall was tested in a flow facility. Although computational results for the isothermal tube wall are shown, control of the experimental isothermal tube wall proved to be unrealistic and only heat transfer measurements along the constant heat flux tube wall were made. For the constant heat flux tube wall, reasonable agreement has been achieved between the measurements and the steady, three-dimensional computational predictions. The results of the study showed that high heat transfer coefficients existed at the entrance to the louver array as well as in the louver reversal region. Vortices created at the leading edge of the louvers augmented heat transfer by thinning the tube wall boundary layer. Results indicate that an augmentation ratio of up to 3 times can occur for a tube wall of a louvered fin compact heat exchanger as compared to a flat plate.
Hispanic Populations: Special Issues in Neuropsychology

For many members of ethnic minority and non-minority groups living in the U.S., Hispanics included, the interrelationship between neuropsychological test performance and education, socioeconomic factors, and other specific variables, such as nutrition, access to health care, and stress, is particularly complex, with significant implications for a science of brain-behavior relationships and its practice. While educational attainment to a large degree dictates, and certainly facilitates, income potential, it is also the case that socioeconomic advancement facilitates educational attainment and other specific advantages, and both of these variables have been shown to impact neuropsychological performance. These are important factors meriting attention, and many investigators have noted that it is these factors, rather than cultural or ethnic factors, that require attention.
Building a Bridge Across the Ocean: Commentary on a Dialogue Between Adrienne Harris and David Lichtenstein

This essay is a commentary on the dialogue between Adrienne Harris and David Lichtenstein and aims to address the points of contact and divergence between relational and Lacanian perspectives. As a starting point, I focus on issues that are central to both schools of thought, including (but not limited to) the self as subject, transference and countertransference, the analytic relationship, interpretation, transformation and the goals of treatment, and the question of analytic authority. These areas are discussed with an eye toward understanding the way that theory informs technique and comes alive in the clinical situation ultimately effecting change.
Micro-tubular flame-assisted fuel cells for micro-combined heat and power systems

Abstract Currently the role of fuel cells in future power generation is being examined, tested and discussed. However, implementing systems is more difficult because of sealing challenges, slow start-up and complex thermal management and fuel processing. A novel furnace system with a flame-assisted fuel cell is proposed that combines the thermal management and fuel processing systems by utilizing fuel-rich combustion. In addition, the flame-assisted fuel cell furnace is a micro-combined heat and power system, which can produce electricity for homes or businesses, providing resilience during power disruption while still providing heat. A micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell achieves a significant performance of 430 mW cm−2 operating in a model fuel-rich exhaust stream.
Sensitizing Future Health Professionals to Determinants of Childhood Obesity

Long-term solutions to the childhood obesity epidemic will require concerted interdisciplinary efforts that are sensitive to both individual and social determinants of health. The Junior Doctors of Health© (JDOH) program involves interprofessional education (IPE) with university students from health science fields (e.g., medicine, pharmacy, social work, public health) who deliver an interactive program in teams to at-risk school-aged youth. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of participation in the JDOH IPE program on university students' beliefs about childhood obesity. Fifty-three of the 71 health sciences students enrolled in the JDOH IPE program between 2011 and 2013 participated in this study. Pre- and post-surveys assessed students' beliefs about the importance, causes of, and responsibility for reducing childhood obesity with both closed- and open-ended questions. In 2013, quantitative data were analyzed using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests and qualitative data were analyzed through open coding to identify emergent themes. Results indicate that after participation in the JDOH IPE program, students' identification of social and environmental causes of childhood obesity increased significantly. Further, students' ranking of the importance of obesity was initially higher than those of different issues typically portrayed as social or environmental (e.g., youth violence) but it was similarly ranked after participation in JDOH. This suggests a greater sensitivity to social and environmental challenges faced by youth. Findings suggest that IPE experiences that bring clinical and community-oriented health professions together to engage with disadvantaged youth foster sensitivity to the complexities of childhood obesity in low-income settings.
Effect of impurities on the electronic structure of grain boundaries and intergranular cohesion in tungsten

Abstract The cohesion of a grain boundary (GB) is believed to be the controlling factor limiting the ductility of high-strength metallic alloys, and particularly those containing W. Intergranular embrittlement is usually associated with segregation of impurities at the GBs. Impurities present in ppm concentrations can result in a dramatic decrease in plasticity. This paper reviews recent results on both semi-empirical and first-principles modelling of the energetics and the electronic structures of impurities on a Σ3 (111) GB in W. Our calculations have shown that impurities, such as N, O, P, S, and Si, weaken the intergranular cohesion resulting in ‘loosening’ of the GB. The presence of B and C on the contrary, enhances the interatomic interaction across the GB. The so-called ‘site-composition effect’ should play an important role affecting impurity distribution in W GBs. Among the impurities analyzed, B in the GB has the lowest energy and thus would tend to displace other impurity atoms from the GB. Microalloying with 10–50 ppm B may be an effective way of improving tungsten's ductility. These results are important for understanding the fundamental physics of intergranular embrittlement.
Host range of Caloptilia triadicae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): an adventive herbivore of Chinese tallowtree (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae)

Summary An adventive herbivore of the invasive weed Chinese tallowtree (Triadica sebifera [L.] Small; Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) first appeared in North America in 2004. Identified as a Caloptilia triadicae Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), this leaf miner was found damaging T. sebifera saplings. In Gainesville, Florida, we exposed naturalized populations of C. triadicae to Chinese tallowtree and related plant species in multiple-choice tests. Our findings indicated that the larvae of this species had a narrow host range as they readily fed and completed development on Chinese tallowtree leaves. The only exception to this specificity was larval feeding and development on the native oysterwood, Gymnanthes lucida Sw. (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae). Naturalized populations of C. triadicae were also found in Miami-Dade and Broward Counties, Florida, feeding and developing on ornamental populations of G. lucida.
PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL STUDIES. II. SLEEP HABITS OF HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS WITH OBSERVATIONS ON LEVELS OF CHOLESTEROL AND CIRCULATING EOSINOPHILS.

Abstract 1. 1. The sleep habits of 1122 healthy young adults of both sexes were surveyed by the questionnaire method. 2. 2. The only significant difference found between the sleep patterns of the two sexes was that women are more subject to dreaming and to talking in their sleep than men. 3. 3. For the most part, there was striking similarity between the proportions of men and women reporting the other sleep habits under investigation. 4. 4. About one-third of the subjects awaken tired. 5. 5. Insomnia is characteristic of slightly more than 5 per cent of the subjects. 6. 6. Less than 40 per cent of the students consider that they have usually obtained sufficient sleep, past and present. 7. 7. On the average, subjects express the need of at least 7.8 hr of sleep per night to feel their best, but obtain about 45 min less than that per night. 8. 8. Close to 12 per cent of subjects reported a ‘sleep deficit’ of 2–4.75 hr per night; one student reported a deficit of 6 hr per night. 9. 9. There was no correlation between sleeping habits and levels of cholesterol or of circulating eosinophils.
Computationally Efficient Axial Compressor Characteristic Map Generation Based on 1-D Meanline Approximation

This paper develops and explores a new method to analytically generate the compressor characteristic map of an N-stage axial compressor. The accuracy of this new approach is compared to full-blown CFD computations. Based on an initial investigation, the results are in strong agreement for a prototypical 2.5-stage axial compressor. Using this CFD model, the limits of this approximation method is evaluated. This new approach will be valuable to the design community due to its high computational efficiency compared with typical CFD analyses.
Laboratorians Want “Caution” Labels on AIDS Specimens

We surveyed clinical laboratory workers in a large teaching hospital for their attitudes concerning continued use of “caution” labels. The survey instrument couched he question in terms of conflicting theories about the advisability of continuing such use even though it was acknowledged that every specimen is potentially infectious and should be treated as such. In September 1988,246 usable responses were collected from among 258 potential respondees for an overall return rate of 95%. A preference for retaining caution labels was expressed by 186, or 76%, of all respondees. Responses were further segregated according to whether they were made by laboratorians who handled specimens or those who did not and also according to supervisory or nonsupervisory status. Essentially the same results were obtained from all of these groups. The survey was conducted during implementation of numerous strict guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control recommended “universalprecautions” throughout the hospital and particularly in the clinical laboratory. Since previous education of the clinical laboratory staff had created a high level of awareness about the transmittability of hepatitis from blood specimens, the survey provided an opportunity for laboratorians to express their opinion about a potential change to eliminate caution labels on specimens known or suspected to be from patients with AIDS. We believe that our article gives the first published data obtained from clinical laboratorians regarding the retention of caution labeling.
Richard T. Ely: Lay Spokesman for the Social Gospel

H ISTORIANS have justifiably given special attention to the role of the clergy in the social gospel movement of the late nineteenth century. The layman who sometimes spoke with equal ardor and more effect has usually been relegated to a secondary role.' During the last two decades of the century it is doubtful that any single minister had more influence than one academician, Richard T. Ely, in focusing the attention of Protestant churches on the ethical problems emerging from the industrial and urban revolutions. Both ministers and laymen looked to him for authoritative accounts of contemporary economic problems and an outline of their obligations in the new society. Ely not only wrote six books and more than fifty articles permeated with an ethical and practical approach to economics, but he was also an active participant and consultant in several major Protestant reform organizations. Ely's two major works on Christian sociology, Social Aspects of Christianity and Other Essays (1889) and The Social Law of Service (1896), became standard texts for Protestant social reformers. For more than twenty years every minister entering the Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church was required to read Social Aspects as well as Ely's An Introduction to Political Economy (1889). The Social Law of Service became part of the required reading course of the Epworth Youth League of the Metho-
Rapid detection of pathogenic leptospira spp by quantitative real-time PCR

Objective: To establish quantitative real-time PCR method for the detection of leptospira spp by using new TaqMan probe.Methods: According to the 16s rDNA to design a pair of primers and probes,and then take the nuclear acid of standard strain of leptospira spp as template to set up quantitative real-time PCR on detector(ABI 7500).Results: The relationship between the values of threshold cycle(CT) and the DNA copy number was found to be linear(r=0.998).The sensitivity of real-time PCR was about 1000 times of the convention PCR when used to detect Leptospira DNA,accompanied by high species-specificity.Conclusion: This results suggest that the quantitative real-time PCR is hightly specific and sensitive for detection of Leptospira,especially useful for detection of tiny leptospira spp of samples.
An evaluation framework for scientific programming productivity: position paper

Substantial time is spent on building, optimizing and maintaining large-scale software that is run on supercomputers. However, little has been done to utilize overall resources efficiently when it comes to including expensive human resources. The community is beginning to acknowledge that optimizing the hardware performance such as speed and memory bottlenecks contributes less to the overall productivity than the development lifecycle of high-performance scientific applications. We propose an evaluation approach that compares recorded novice programming workflows to an expert workflow to identify productivity bottlenecks and suboptimal paths. We use these results to suggest improvements to the programming environment or tools. We give preliminary results from applying this approach to two case studies involving the use of numerical libraries.
Steric course of the rhodium-catalyzed decarbonylation of chiral 4-methyl-[1-3H,2-2H1]pentanal.

(R)- and (S)-4-methyl-[1-3H,2-2H1]pentanal were prepared from L- and D-leucine via leucic acid and (S)- and (R)-4-methyl-[2-2H1]pentanoic acid. Decarbonylation of these samples with tris-(triphenylphosphine)rhodium chloride followed by Kuhn-Roth oxidation of the resulting 2-methylbutane gave chiral acetic acid of 35% e.e. S and 31% e.e. R configuration, respectively. The decarbonylation reaction thus proceeds with net retention of configuration, possibly accompanied by some racemization.
Thiamin, Riboflavin, and α-Tocopherol Content of Exotic Meats and Loss Due to Gamma Radiation†

Changes in thiamin, riboflavin, and alpha-tocopherol concentrations due to gamma irradiation were followed in alligator, caiman, bison, and ostrich (exotic) meats. The proximate composition showed that the exotic meats generally had lower fat content than domestic animal meats and that the thiamin content of the reptiles was lower. The changes in the vitamins due to irradiation were similar to those previously observed for domestic species. The results indicate that the loss of vitamins in these species is negligible insofar as the American diet is concerned, and that the concept of "chemiclearance" is applicable to exotic meats.
International Marketing: The Perils of Causal Reasoning from Single Instances

Recent research indicates that when faced with new and complex situations people tend to use the similarity of that situation with a single prior instance (or exemplar), in making analogical predictions. This is done at the cost of other, more objective, evidence, Since international marketers entering new markets face similar circumstances, there is a likelihood that they too may rely too heavily on single instances. Theoretical issues, as well as research findings and their implications for international marketers are discussed.
Psychological Assessment Training in Clinical Psychology Doctoral Programs

We surveyed American Psychological Association-accredited clinical psychology doctoral programs' (n = 83) training in psychological assessment-specifically, their coverage of various assessment topics and tests in courses and practica, and whether the training was optional or required. We report results overall and separately per training model (clinical science, scientist-practitioner, and practitioner-focused). Overall, our results suggest that psychological assessment training is as active, or even more active, than in previous years. Areas of increased emphasis include clinical interviewing and psychometrics; multimethod, outcomes, health, and collaborative or therapeutic assessment; and different types of cognitive and self-report personality tests. All or almost all practice-focused programs offered training with the Thematic Apperception Test and Rorschach compared to about half of the scientist-practitioner programs and a third of the clinical science programs. Although almost all programs reported teaching multimethod assessment, what constitutes different methods of assessing psychopathology should be clarified in future studies because many programs appear to rely on one method-self-report (especially clinical science programs). Although doctoral programs covered many assessment topics and tests in didactic courses, there appears to be a shortage of program-run opportunities for students to obtain applied assessment training. Finally, we encourage doctoral programs to be familiar with (a) internships' assessment expectations and opportunities, (b) the professional guidelines for assessment training, and
Exploring Trust and Cooperation Development with Agent-Based Simulation in A Pseudo Scale-free Network

Globally distributed collaboration requires cooperation and trust among team members. Current research suggests that informal, non-work related communication plays a positive role in developing cooperation and trust. However, the way in which teams connect, i.e. via a social network, greatly influences cooperation and trust development. The study described in this paper employs agent-based modeling and simulation to investigate the cooperation and trust development with the presence of informal, non-work-related communication in networked teams. Leveraging game theory, we present a model of how an individual makes strategic decisions when interacting with her social network neighbors. The results of simulation on a pseudo scale-free network reveal the conditions under which informal communication has an impact, how different network degree distributions affect efficient trust and cooperation development, and how it is possible to "seed" trust and cooperation development amongst individuals in specific network positions. This study is the first to use agent-based modeling and simulation to examine the relationships between scale-free networks' topological features (degree distribution), cooperation and trust development, and informal communication.