cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental consequences of supplementing with matrix metallopeptidase-9 during in vitro maturation of heat-stressed bovine oocytes.

Because latent form of matrix metallopeptidase-9 (proMMP9) levels are positively related to blastocyst development, it was hypothesized that addition during maturation may improve development of heat-stressed oocytes. To test hypothesis, 0, 30 or 300 ng/ml human proMMP9 (hMMP9) was added at 18 h of in vitro maturation (hIVM) to cumulus-oocyte complexes matured at 38.5 or 41.0oC (first 12 h only). Heat stress decreased 24 hIVM proMMP9 levels only in 0 and 30 ng/ml groups and increased progesterone in 0 and 300 ng/ml hMMP9 groups. Heat stress decreased cleavage and blastocyst development. Independent of maturation temperature, hMMP9 at 18 hIVM decreased blastocyst development. In a second study, cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured for 24 h at 38.5 or 41.0oC (HS first 12 h only) with 0 or 300 ng/ml hMMP9 added at 12 hIVM. Without hMMP9, heat stress decreased 24 hIVM proMMP9 levels and increased progesterone production. Addition of 300 ng/ml of hMMP9 produced equivalent levels of proMMP9 at 24 hIVM (271 vs. 279 ± 77 for 38.5oC and 41.0oC treated oocytes, respectively). Heat stress did not affect ability of oocytes to cleave but reduced blastocyst development. Independent of temperature, hMMP9 decreased cleavage and blastocyst development. In summary, hMMP9 supplementation during IVM did not improve development of heat-stressed oocytes even when it was added for the entire maturation period. At doses tested, hMMP9 appeared detrimental to development when supplemented during the last 12 or 6 h of oocyte maturation.
Reliability improvement in parallel connected converter systems

The authors present methods and analyses for improving the reliability of a parallel-connected converter system under master-slave control with maximum current limit. The proposed schemes can identify the defective converters and take appropriate action to ensure the normal operation of the system. In addition, the control techniques used are able to determine the necessary number of active converters for any load condition. Consequently, the degree of redundancy increases significantly and the overall system reliability and performance are improved. >
Short Carboxylic Acid–Carboxylate Hydrogen Bonds Can Have Fully Localized Protons

Short hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) have been proposed to play key functional roles in several proteins. The location of the proton in short H-bonds is of central importance, as proton delocalization is a defining feature of low-barrier hydrogen bonds (LBHBs). Experimentally determining proton location in H-bonds is challenging. Here, bond length analysis of atomic (1.15–0.98 A) resolution X-ray crystal structures of the human protein DJ-1 and its bacterial homologue, YajL, was used to determine the protonation states of H-bonded carboxylic acids. DJ-1 contains a buried, dimer-spanning 2.49 A H-bond between Glu15 and Asp24 that satisfies standard donor–acceptor distance criteria for a LBHB. Bond length analysis indicates that the proton is localized on Asp24, excluding a LBHB at this location. However, similar analysis of the Escherichia coli homologue YajL shows both residues may be protonated at the H-bonded oxygen atoms, potentially consistent with a LBHB. A Protein Data Bank-wide screen identifies candidat...
The importance of lateral variability on exchange across the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard, MA

This study examines the spatial variability of transport within the inner-shelf south of Martha's Vineyard Massachusetts, its time and space dependence, and its importance to the total volume exchanged between the nearshore and the coastal ocean. The exchange of water across the inner shelf is often considered to be driven primarily by wind forcing, yet the effects of small-scale O(1–10 km) variability on the total exchange have not been well quantified. Using a combination of high-resolution HF radar-based surface currents and a dense array of moorings to document the lateral variability of across-shelf exchange, the cumulative wind-driven across-shelf transport over the summer stratified period was less than the volume of the inner-shelf onshore of the 25 m isobath. Along-shelf variations in the wind-driven exchange were as large as the spatial mean of the wind-driven exchange. A spatially varying time-averaged circulation caused by tidal rectification resulted in across-shelf exchange larger in magnitude than, and independent of, the integrated wind-forced exchange. Coherent submesoscale eddies also occurred frequently within the domain due to flow-topography effects onshore and horizontal density gradients offshore, generally with lifespans shorter than 10 h, diameters smaller than 6 km, and vertical depths shallower than 10 m. The across-shelf volume transport due to eddies, estimated by seeding particles within the surface current fields, was more than half the wind-driven depth-dependent exchange. Thus, accounting for the potential coherent along-shelf variability present over the inner shelf can significantly increase estimates of the across-shelf transfer of water masses and particles.
Novel Bidirectional Single-phase Single-Stage Isolated AC–DC Converter With PFC for Charging of Electric Vehicles

This paper proposes a novel bidirectional single-phase single-stage ac–dc converter for Electric Vehicle (EV) charging application. AC side of the proposed converter has current-fed half-bridge converter that is connected to the full-bridge converter on secondary side of a high-frequency transformer. Current at the input of the ac side can be regulated to realize power factor correction. The proposed converter achieves Zero Current Switching of primary side switches and zero current turn-ON for secondary side devices throughout the operation without any additional components. This paper also presents novel modulation technique and control algorithm to ensure soft switching throughout the operation range of the converter in both directions of power flow. Design equations are derived to help suitable selection of components for a given specification. Design of the converter, control strategy, and the results are presented for a 1.5-kVA converter for EV charger.
Music therapy is beneficial for children with autism spectrum disorders, but more specific clinical guidance is a future need1

Geretsegger, M., Elefant, C., Mossler, K. A., & Gold, C. (2014). Music therapy for people with autism spectrum disorder. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD004381. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004381.pub3.Sources of funding and declaration of interests: The authors of this review are clinically trained music therapists. Christian Gold and Karin Mossler’s institute received a grant to support this manuscript from The Research Council of Norway and an additional grant from the Danish Council for Independent Research/Humanities. The commentary authors report no conflicts of interest.
Transient Hypokalemic Quadriplegia After a Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Dexamethasone Injection: A Case Report

Abstract A 30-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with hypokalemic quadriplegia 4 hours after he received a lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection (ESI) containing dexamethasone and lidocaine. A comprehensive workup ruled out acquired and hereditary causes of hypokalemic paralysis. Symptoms gradually resolved within hours after potassium restoration with no residual neurologic deficits. Paralysis after transforaminal ESI is uncommon but has been associated with particulate steroids that can coalesce into aggregates and occlude vessels. To our knowledge, there have been no case reports of paralysis after ESI with dexamethasone, a nonparticulate steroid. This transient paralysis is possibly caused by the effects of glucocorticoids on Na-K channels and insulin resistance resulting in hyperglycemia and subsequent hypokalemia. We reviewed the differential diagnosis of transient paralysis after epidural steroid injection in this report. Level of Evidence IV
Measuring Evangelicals: Practical Considerations for Social Scientists

Evangelicals garner much attention in polling and public opinion research, yet measuring white evangelicals remains elusive, even opaque. This paper provides practical guidance to researchers who want to measure or analyze evangelicals. In the social sciences, many have adopted a detailed religious affiliation approach that categorizes evangelicals based on the religious tradition of the denominations to which they belong. Others have used a simpler self-identification scheme, which asks respondents if they consider themselves “born-again or evangelical”. While the affiliation and self-identification schemes are predominant, a practical examination of these approaches has been absent. Using several waves of the General Social Survey and the Cooperative Congressional Election Study, we compare them. We find almost no statistical differences between the two measurements in prominent demographic, political, or religious factors. Thus, we suggest that for most a simple question about broad religious affiliation followed by a born-again or evangelical self-identification question will suffice.
INTRODUCTION TO MICROECONOMICS

Microeconomics is the detailed economic analysis of individual components of a society. Just as a microscope focuses attention on one cell at a time, microeconomics tends to magnify the workings of the individual economic entities in a disaggregated environment. The theories of microeconomics help understand the economic motivations of buyers, sellers, and governments. Almost all economic issues involve the resolution of human wants in the face of relatively scarce amounts of resources. Economic units such as consumers and producers must make choices and select the most desirable of the available alternatives. For example, General Motors has a limited quantity of resources. It must decide whether to produce the Corvette, the Corvair, the Monte Carlo, or all three. The correct quantities of each type must be produced to realize profits and a good share of the market. Frequently, the objectives of one group may be in direct conflict with those of another.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Amine Reactive Carboranyl Derivatives for Application to Boron-10 Containing Polymers

The use of monoclonal antibodies to selectively deliver boron-10 to cancer cells for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been under active investigation for over 20 years (1). A major difficulty in the application of boronated antibodies is the high concentrations of boron-10 required in the tumor tissue (e.g. 35 mg B-10/g tissue) (2). Simple calculations have shown that each antibody molecule must have a minimum of 600–1000 boron atoms to achieve the concentrations of boron-10 required (1-4). Seemingly, the only way to achieve such a large number of boron atoms per antibody molecule is to incorporate the boron into a polymer, then attach the boronated polymer to the antibody. Further, the coupling of boron containing polymer with the antibody must be accomplished in a manner that does not adversely affect its antigen binding or dramatically change the physical properties of the antibody (e.g. net ionic charge). Thus, it seems that a reasonable objective would be to prepare a neutral boronated polymer which could be site-specifically attached to the antibody.
Life Cycle Optimization of Residential Air Conditioner Replacement

ii Acknowledgements iii List of Figures vi List of Tables vii Nomenclature viii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Air Conditioning Trends 2 1.2 History of Federal Standards 3 1.3 A Typical Central Air Conditioning 4 1.4 Problem Statement 5 1.5 Thesis Outline 6 2 Methodology 7 2.1 Life Cycle Assessment 7 2.2 Scope and Boundaries 8 2.3 Dynamic Life Cycle Inventory 8 2.4 Life Cycle Optimization Model 8 3 Air Conditioner Life Cycle Inventories 10 3.1 Material Production and Manufacturing 10 3.1.1 EIO‐LCA Inventory 10 3.1.2 Process LCI 11 3.1.3 Comparison of EIO‐LCA and Process‐based Production Results 13 3.1.4 Refrigerants and Refrigerant Lines 15 3.1.5 Initial Costs 16 3.2 Shipping 17 3.3 Use 18 3.3.1 Season Energy Efficiency Ratio 20 3.3.2 Deterioration of Energy Performance 22 3.4 Repair and Maintenance 22 3.5 End‐of‐Life 23 3.6 Life Cycle Energy and GHG Profiles 23 4 Dynamic Life Cycle Inventory Parameters 24 4.1 Energy Efficiency 24 4.2 Material
Quantum Dynamical Behavior of the Morse Oscillator: the Wigner Function Approach

We explore the quantum dynamical behavior of the Morse oscillator in the phase space using the Wigner function. For an initial wave packet excited with Gaussian probability distribution, we calculate the associated Wigner function and compute its time evolution. By calculating the marginal probabilities, we study the formation of quantum carpets both in the position space and in the momentum space. In addition, in view of these probabilities, we present the time evolution of the position and momentum expectation values. The structure of quantum carpets and the time-evolved expectation values mimic the emergence of quantum revivals and fractional revivals.
Predation, competition, and co-occurrences of Boeckella and Calamoecia (Copepoda: Calanoida) in Western Australia

Patterns of co-occurrences of Boeckella and Calamoeciafound in Western Australia are documented. Patterns are analyzed inrelation to size of organisms and to geographical distributions oforganisms. Deviations from randomness in the number ofmulti-species assemblages suggest that biotic interactionsinfluence co-occurrences, but size relationships in severalco-occurring pairs indicate that competition for resources is nota factor influencing co-occurrence. Laboratory experimentsdemonstrate that the large Boeckella triarticulata consumesimmature stages of the small Calamoecia tasmanica butprovides a partial refuge for C. tasmanica when theplanktivorous fish Gambusia, which consumes Boeckellamore rapidly than Calamoecia, is present. These resultsindicate that co-occurrence patterns may be related to theintensity of predation by fish: in the absence of fish predation,Boeckella can prevent invasion of Calamoecia, whilemoderate predation by fish will reduce Boeckella density,consequently allowing Calamoecia to invade.
Quantifying febrile neutropenia rates using electronic medical records in a large integrated delivery network.

e18298Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a key driver of morbidity and mortality in oncology patients receiving myelotoxic chemotherapy. Identification and prophylaxis per guidelines can resul...
Exact Collision Checking of Robot Paths

This paper describes a new exact and efficient collision checker for testing single straight-line segments in c-space or sequences of such segments. This checker is particularly suited for probabilistic roadmap (PRM) planners applied to manipulator arms and multi-robot systems. Unlike the commonly used fixed-resolution method, the new checker does not require manual tuning of the resolution parameter and cannot fail to find existing collisions. To achieve this, it automatically and dynamically adjusts the required local c-space resolution by relating distances and path lengths in workspace. Several additional techniques are presented in this paper to further increase the checker’s efficiency in PRM planners and scenarios with high geometric complexity. Extensive experiments, first on segments randomly generated in c-space, next as part of an existing PRM planner, and finally as part of a path smoother/optimizer have shown that the new checker is faster than the common resolution-based approach (with suitable resolution).
Pars plana vitrectomy combined with irido-zonulo-hyaloidectomy for aqueous misdirection.

Introduction:To review the indications and necessary steps for successful irido-zonulo-hyaloidectomy in persistent aqueous misdirection.Study design/materials and methods:A 60-year-old woman was re...
Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase.

Abstract We used chromatographically purified butyrylated analogues of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) to displace [3H]cAMP bound to a partially purified bovine muscle protein kinase preparation. O2'-Monobutyryl cAMP (O2MBC) showed a linear displacement of label, with an affinity equal to 1.5% that of cAMP. N6-Monobutyryl cAMP (N6MBC) and N6,O2'-dibutyryl cAMP (DBC) show curvilinear displacement consistent with at least two types of binding sites. The most abundant of these sites does not appear to discriminate N6-butyrylated cAMPs from the N6-unsubstituted compounds. The less abundant site (∼20% of total) does distinguish N6-butyryl-substituted compounds (e.g. N6MBC has ∼100% the affinity of cAMP for the most abundant site and ∼7% for the less abundant site). The ability of these purified analogues to stimulate the kinase activity (assayed as 32P incorporation into casein) of our preparation showed a similar rank order as the binding studies. Initial rates of the enzyme reaction (relative to cAMP = 1.0) were: 0.29 for N6MBC, 0.002 for O2MBC, and 0.0003 for DBC. We conclude from these studies that: DBC is unlikely to mimic cAMP action through direct intracellular interaction with cAMP-dependent protein kinase; N6MBC is probably the active butyrylated analogue of cAMP; while N6MBC binds well to some sites it binds less effectively to others and this observation may account for observations regarding divergent biological effects of cAMP and its butyrylated analogues.
Investigating Human Factors in the Hand-Held Gaming Interface of a Telerehabilitation Robotic System

Robotic devices can be used as effective tools to provide rehabilitation supports to stroke patients. Such robotic rehabilitation practices can replace therapists providing rehabilitation therapy to patients. Patients can independently practice rehabilitation with robotic rehabilitation devices for longer hours. These advantages are now motivating patients to use rehabilitation robots. However, contemporary rehabilitation practices are expensive, and patients need to travel to rehabilitation centers for rehabilitation, which is time consuming and burdensome. This is why, the concepts of telerehabilitation are becoming more and more popular where the patients can practice rehabilitation at homes, and the therapists can remotely monitor the rehabilitation practices and communicate with the patients if necessary. However, such rehabilitation practices, real-time monitoring of patients by therapists from distant places and communication of patients with therapists may be more intuitive and human-friendly if the patients can operate the rehabilitation system and communicate with the therapists using a hand-held interface. Again, the hand-held interface may be more intuitive and engaging if the rehabilitation performance can be expressed through some game-like activities. To do so, a clear understanding of human factors involved in the gaming interface is necessary. However, such knowledge is not available in the literature. To address this knowledge gap, in this paper, the human factors associated with the operation of a hand-held gaming interface for robot-assisted full-body smart telerehabilitation of stroke patients are investigated. At first, potential human factors associated with the operation are identified through surveys conducted with healthcare professionals, researchers and patients. The identified human factors are then analyzed and divided into different categories, e.g. physical and cognitive human factors. The role of each human factor in the interface operation is explained. The findings can be utilized to design and develop hand-held gaming interfaces for robot-assisted telerehabilitation that may be more human-friendly and intuitive.
Towards a View of Originary Theory in Instructional Design.

In this paper we offer a call for the development and utilization of originary theory in instructional design. Originary theory, which is generated by scholars within the field of its intended application, can be contrasted with imported theory, which is formulated in one field and later moved or “imported” into another for new purposes. In making our argument we first review the use of theories imported into instructional design and address limitations that might arise if these theories are overly relied upon, such as if they are treated as the primary source of insight for supporting the work of practitioners. Next, we define originary theory and argue that it should be emphasized within the field of instructional design because of the central role it can play in facilitating the field’s work of designing and developing excellent learning experiences. We further explore how originary theories can support instructional design practice by considering two examples of recent theoretical work that speak to the values, and challenge the assumptions, of instructional designers, disclosing aspects of the field that can help them better accomplish their work. First, we consider originary theory that conceptualizes instructional design as a design discipline; and second, we review originary theorizing that provides alternatives to common views about learners and learning. We conclude by considering what it might mean for the field to more intentionally develop and apply originary instructional design theory.
Fundamentals of adsorption for photocatalysis

Abstract In a typical photocatalytic reaction involving a semiconductor, the reactant species firstly need to be adsorbed on the photocatalyst's surface; hence, the adsorption ability of a photocatalyst has a direct effect on its efficiency. The adsorption data pertaining to a photocatalytic system have been commonly interpreted by using the Langmuir equation. As a result, the adsorption capacity, equilibrium constant, changes in the standard Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy can be determined. From the kinetics point of view, the pseudo–first-order and pseudo–second-order rate equations have been developed to describe kinetic adsorption data. The overall photoreaction rate is typically described by the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism.
Appropriate use of echocardiography for palpitations in paediatric cardiology clinics.

Objectives: Identify diagnostic yield and frequency of echocardiograms for palpitation-related indications at outpatient paediatric cardiology clinics in relation to the 2014 ACC/AAP/AHA/ASE/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/SOPE appropriate use criteria for Initial Transthoracic Echocardiography in Outpatient Paediatric Cardiology. Study design: A single-centre, retrospective study of children presenting for evaluation of a chief complaint of palpitations to outpatient paediatric cardiology clinics from 2015 to 2017. Palpitations were defined as an unpleasant sensation of rapid, irregular, and/or forceful beating of the heart. Indications for echocardiogram in patients were retrospectively classified based on the appropriate use criteria as “appropriate,” “may be appropriate,” or “rarely appropriate.” The incidence of abnormal and incidental echocardiographic findings for each category was determined. Results: A total of 286 patients presented with palpitations, with 128 (52% female) meeting inclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria included patients with additional cardiac complaints, prior echocardiogram, or history of congenital heart disease. Echocardiograms were performed on 36 (28%) patients. The appropriate use criteria were retrospectively applied, and indications for their performance were classified as “appropriate” (n = 4), “may be appropriate” (n = 17), or “rarely appropriate” (n = 15). Minor echocardiographic abnormalities were present in 22% (n = 8) of echocardiograms obtained for all appropriate use criteria classifications. No moderate or severe echocardiographic abnormalities were found. Incidental findings were noted in eight echocardiograms. Conclusion: Echocardiography in the evaluation of “rarely appropriate” and “may be appropriate” palpitation-related indications is of low diagnostic yield.
Sealed and revealed: Roman grave-opening practices

In 1889, R. Lanciani witnessed the opening of the marble sarcophagus of Crepereia Tryphaena near the Mausoleum of Hadrian. He described the event as follows: As a rule, the ceremony of cutting the brass clamps which fasten the lids of urns and sarcophagi is performed in one of our archaeological repositories, where the contents can be quietly and carefully examined, away from an excited and sometimes dangerous crowd. In the present case, this plan was found impracticable, because the coffin was ascertained to be filled with water which had, in the course of centuries, filtered in, drop by drop, through the interstices of the lid. […] No sooner had the seals been broken, and the lid put aside, than my assistants, myself, and the whole crowd of workmen from the Halls of Justice, were almost horrified at the sight before us.1
Ice-Time

Ice-Time is an immersive video installation that combines science and art to create a singular cinematic portrait of ice from vast glaciers to individual crystals. The project is a poetic response to the accelerating changes we are currently observing in Earth's ecosystem. Ice-Time elicits the poetics of frozen water revealed by current geological research. The artwork documents this moment in glacial space-time, expressing the beauty and the rationality of ice at odds with the devastating chaos its disappearance portends. In the installation, contrasting visual scales and supra-human speeds of observation reveal the essence of ice. The immersive cine-installation Ice-Time occupies a hexagonal architecture, echoing the structure of water crystals. Six large projections and a 9.1-channel, three-dimensional ambisonic soundscape create a room-sized environment of translucent screens. The juxtaposition of elements transfigures as visitors navigate the space in an embodied, dynamic montage. The Ice-Time project demonstrates the value of interdisciplinary art-science research and collaboration in its approach as it distills contemporary culture's psychic moment of a data-driven reality. Through a vivid, material presence of image, sound, data, and time, the immersive film establishes a somatic interaction of form and content. With its form and content, the installation imbues the spectator with an awareness of the environmental and cultural implications of polar ice and the essential role ice plays in anthropogenic climate change.
Chief Resident Skills: A Study on Resident Perceptions of Skill Importance and Confidence.

# CONTEXT Chief residents (CRs) generally play a pivotal role in the graduate medical education mission to facilitate the professional development of resident physicians. Courses designed to prepare CRs for their new role previously have primarily focused on developing their teaching, evaluation and interpersonal communication skills. What remains unclear is how different types of residents (CRs versus Non-CRs and men versus women) may vary in their perception of how important particular skills are, and their confidence in performing these same skills. The purpose of this cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was to investigate the potential differences in sample respondents’ perceived importance of CR skills and respondents’ perceived confidence to perform these skills. # METHODS The authors administered a 28-item survey questionnaire to a population of 457 CR and Non-CR respondents from 20 clinical specialties regarding their perceived importance of 11 skills, as well as their self-assessed confidence in performing each skill. This study also sought to examine whether gender-based differences existed for the perceived importance and confidence of these same CR skills. # RESULTS Statistically significant differences in perceived importance and confidence levels between sample subgroups for the majority of key CR skills were observed. When asked about importance of CR skills, both CR and Non-CR respondents identified administrative and time management skills as most important, contrary to the other types of skills (e.g., teaching skills) the authors had generally expected to be most highly rated. As expected, the largest overall gap in perceived importance and self-reported confidence as either a CR or Non-CR was in the area of conflict management. Males reported higher confidence than females in each of the CR skills, with differences for five items found to be statistically significant. (p < 0.05) CR respondents also reported higher confidence in performing 10 of 11 skills at statistically significant levels. (p < 0.05) # CONCLUSIONS Although this project contributes baseline data from a relatively large sample, further studies are still required to replicate these results in other resident populations to further examine the perceptions of contemporary resident physicians concerning this vital role.
Designing food structure using microfluidics

Abstract Microfluidics has been studied as a rapid detection tool for food safety related applications for a long time. Recently, more and more interests have been attracted to use microfluidics as microreactors to assemble biopolymers to achieve desirable functionalities. Attributed to the accurate flow control and unique bottom-up mechanism, the properties of the assembled biopolymer structures could be well-controlled. To date, several food-grade biopolymers, including proteins and carbohydrates, have been found suitable for the microfluidic process. However, challenges remain, notably the scale-up of the process. In this chapter, the fundamental principles of microfluidics and their feasibility to process food materials and design food structures are thoroughly covered and discussed.
696-P: Insulin Pump Infusion Set Failure (IPISF) Management: T1D Exchange Survey

Aim: To identify IPISF occurrence and troubleshooting methods, determine habits and perceptions of diabetes technology use, and assess the history and satisfaction of education in those who utilize CSII. Methods: A 57-item online survey was constructed and included demographic questions, assessment with Likert scales, and open-ended questions regarding infusion sets. Participants were recruited via the T1D Exchange online community database. Statistical analysis was performed using R and JMP. Results: A total of 715 individuals were surveyed including 639 people with diabetes (PwD) and 76 caretakers among 49 states and territories from 09/2020 - 11/2020. Demographics: PwD age 51.6±15.1 years, caretaker age 46.1±7.6 years (dependent PwD age 15.2±11.2 year), 99.6% type 1 diabetes, 69% female, 92% white, CSII use for 14.1±8.5 years, 44% use AID, HbA1c 6.8±0.97%, TIR 72.3±16.1%, TIR 3 days. 97% of participants experience IPISF with 41% reporting ≥1 IPISF/month. Following IPISF, participants administered correction boluses using their pump with (41%) and without (44%) changing their failed infusion set. 61% of subjects had not received IPISF education in over a year and 19% had never received IPISF education. For users who experience ≥1 IPISF/month, hyperglycemia and related symptoms were more likely to alert users of IPISF than pump alarms (n=259, p=0.0355). Respondents with ≥1 IPISF/month were also more likely to both feel burned out by their diabetes technology (p Conclusion: Developing technologies that reduce and mitigate IPISF should be a critical focus, especially as extended wear infusion sets become available. Disclosure J. H. Wilcox: Employee; Self; Diatech Diabetes, Inc. J. C. Gray: Employee; Self; Diatech Diabetes, Inc. N. R. Cooper: Employee; Self; Diatech Diabetes, Inc. L. E. Blanco: Employee; Self; Diatech Diabetes, Inc. R. Kelleher: Employee; Self; Diatech Diabetes, Inc. L. M. Vanengelen: Employee; Self; Diatech Diabetes, Inc. R. Lal: Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Biolinq, Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Morgan Stanley, Tidepool.
The binding of alcohol to brain membranes.

It has been our thesis that the primary action of alcohol in the central nervous system is on cell membranes. The conceptual and experimental background for such a contention has been reviewed to a large extent by Grenell (1957, 1959, 1971), Kalant (1971), Seeman (1972) and, in certain related respects by Mullins (1954).
Evidence on Investor Behavior from Aggregate Stock Mutual Fund Flows

Utilizing monthly aggregate flow data for U.S. equity mutual funds over 1986-2008, we document several new findings on investor behavior. First, we find a strong negative relationship between changes in expected market volatility as measured by the VIX index and net equity fund flows. Second, we document several asymmetries in mutual fund investors’ buy-sell decisions. We find that the negative volatility - net flow relationship is entirely due to the effect of volatility on outflows. When volatility increases, equity fund inflows actually increase - just not as much as outflows. In contrast, returns on equity funds only impact inflows, i.e., when returns increase aggregate inflows rise but outflows do not slow. These findings imply that mutual fund investor purchase decisions are primarily driven by returns while redemption decisions are primarily driven by risk perceptions. Suggesting further compartmentalization in investor decision making, we also find an asymmetry in the investor reaction to risk in that both inflows and outflows increase significantly (with a much stronger effect on outflows) as the VIX increases, but there is little effect on either outflows or inflows when the VIX declines. Lastly, we find evidence of month-of-year flow patterns consistent with: 1) tax minimization, and 2) a tendency to reevaluate and rebalance portfolios at the turn-of-the-year.
Investment, Consumption and Asset Pricing: A Three-Legged Stool

This paper surveys literature related to interactions among the macroeconomic forces that drive investment. It reviews the primary literature that develops the classical/neoclassical and Keynesian theories regarding investment and consumption, and further reviews the literature related to asset pricing, especially as it is related to consumption. Finally, it brings these three areas together and identifies both existing literature related to the three-way interaction and also suggests unexplored areas for future research.
DeFries–Fulker Analysis

DeFries-Fulker (DF) analysis involves a series of models that provide traditional estimates of genetic and environmental parameters for individual differences on a trait, along with unique parameters specific to the etiology of extreme levels of a trait. These models are presented along with reference to a new model-fitting implementation of the DF approach. Keywords: DeFries-Fulker analysis; etiology of the extremes; model-fitting; regression
Motility and cytoskeletal organization of migrating cerebellar granule neurons

To characterize CNS neuronal precursor migration along astroglial fibers, we examined the motility of the migratory leading process and cytoskeletal-based mechanisms of locomotion of early postnatal mouse cerebellar granule neurons in vitro. To visualize the surface motility of the leading process, granule neurons were labeled with the fluorescent lipophilic dye, PKH-26, and imaged by time lapse fluorescence microscopy. The motile behavior and cytoskeletal organization of the migrating neuron had several distinctive features. As the migrating neuron moved along the glial fiber, the leading process rapidly extended, projecting up to 40 microns, and retracted, withdrawing towards the cell soma. Broad lamellipodia were common along the entire length of the leading process, giving it a ruffled appearance. Within the cell soma, a cage-like distribution of microtubules encircled the nucleus and actin filaments formed a subcortical rim underneath the plasma membrane. Disruption of actin filaments with cytochalasin B inhibited migration, suggesting involvement of actin subunit assembly in neuronal migration. Both microtubules and actin filaments were heavily concentrated in the leading process; the leading process did not show the development of a distinct actin-rich domain at its tip.
Mediator Variables in Headache Research: Methodological Critique and Exemplar Using Self-Efficacy as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Headache Severity and Disability

Background Despite advances in headache medicine, there remains little research on process-related variables that mediate relations between headache and outcomes, as well as limited dissemination of optimal statistical methodology for conducting mediation analyses. The present paper thus aims to promote and demonstrate a contemporary approach to mediation analysis as applied to headache. Methods An overview of a contemporary path-analytic approach to mediation analysis is presented, with an empirical exemplar for illustrative purposes. In the exemplar, headache management self-efficacy (HMSE) was proposed as a mediator between headache severity and disability. The sample included 907 young adults (M age = 19.03 [SD = 2.26]; 70.8% female) with primary headache. Direct and indirect effects of headache severity on headache disability through HMSE were assessed using the espoused methods. Results Pain severity was positively associated with headache disability (β = 2.91, 95% confidence interval [CI; 2.62, 3.19]) and negatively associated with HMSE (β = −3.50, 95% CI [−4.24, −2.76]); HMSE was negatively associated with headache disability (β = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.09, −0.04]). A positive indirect effect of pain severity on disability through HMSE was identified (point estimate = 0.24, 95% CI [0.14, 0.34]); thus, self-efficacy mediated the association between pain severity and disability. The proposed mediation model accounted for 38% of total variance in disability (P < .001). Conclusions There is a need for theory-driven and statistically rigorous mediation analyses within the headache literature. In one exemplar application, self-efficacy partially accounted for the disability resulting from headache. We advocate for increased attention to intervening variables in headache via dissemination of contemporary mediation analyses.
Type 1 Diabetes at a Crossroads

“Be at a crossroads”: to be at a stage in your life when you have to make a very important decision (1). Type 1 diabetes at a crossroads? What does that really mean? It cannot mean that progress has not been made! Indeed, in the field of diabetes, reporting of new information is clearly outpacing our ability to incorporate new findings into clinical treatment options and recommendations. Over the recent past, important new information regarding the burden of diabetes, prevention, and screening and comprehensive discussions on new therapies have been reported (2–7). However, on closer inspection, the most impressive changes in treatment and preventive strategies have been focused on type 2 diabetes. What then are the major advances in type 1 diabetes? How close are we to realizing an intervention that can delay or prevent type 1 diabetes? Are we any closer to a cure today than we were 10 years ago? What progress has been made toward the “holy grail” of offering a fully functioning artificial pancreas (AP)? To address these questions, our editorial team has elected to feature these topics in a series of articles in this issue of Diabetes Care . Specifically, articles in this issue describe research related to the present status of treatment methods and clinical outcomes in type 1 diabetes in the U.S.; discuss current concepts on the pathogenesis, prediction, and prevention of the disease; review the successes and ongoing challenges of islet transplantation; and describe a pathway for the translation of advances in diabetes technology into an AP suitable for home use by large numbers of patients (8–15). The limitations of current treatment of type 1 diabetes are addressed in the report by Miller et al. (8), which summarizes the most recent data collected on 16,601 individuals participating …
Affinity purification of 5-methylthioadenosine kinase and 5-methylthioribose/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase from Klebsiella pneumoniae

Two enzymes in the methionine salvage pathway, 5-methylthioribose kinase (MTR kinase) and 5'-methylthioadenosine/ S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTA/SAH nucleosidase) were purified from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Chromatography using a novel 5'-(p-aminophenyl)thioadenosine/5-(p-aminophenyl)thioribose affinity matrix allowed the binding and selective elution of each of the enzymes in pure form. The molecular mass, substrate kinetics and N-terminal amino acid sequences were characterized for each of the enzymes. Purified MTR kinase exhibits an apparent molecular mass of 46-50 kDa by SDS/PAGE and S200HR chromatography, and has a Km for MTR of 12.2 microM. Homogeneous MTA/SAH nucleosidase displays a molecular mass of 26.5 kDa by SDS/PAGE, and a Km for MTA of 8.7 microM. Comparisons of the N-terminal sequences obtained for each of the enzymes with protein-sequence databases failed to reveal any significant sequence similarities to known proteins. However, the amino acid sequence obtained for the nucleosidase did share a high degree of sequence similarity with the putative translation product of an open reading frame in Escherichia coli, thus providing a tentative identification of this gene as encoding an MTA/SAH nucleosidase.
Recognition of durations embedded in temporal patterns.

Subjects were presented with a pair of blips which defined a standard duration, followed by another pair of blips, which defined a comparison duration, and they judged whether the comparison was identical to the standard, longer, or shorter. In one set of conditions, a series of extra blips was interpolated during the interstimulus interval, so as to produce interpolated durations in the same range as the standard. Comparison judgments here reflected distortion of memory for the standard in the direction of the interpolated duration. In another set of conditions, the interpolated blips defined durations in the range of half the standard. Comparison judgments here reflected distortion of memory for the standard in the direction of twice the interpolated duration. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that temporal patterns are distorted by the listener so that they appear closer to those with simple metrical descriptions, and that such distortions occur through a process of memory interference between durations which are embedded in the patterns.
Pediatricians' opinions about otitis media and speech-language-hearing development.

Abstract Twenty-five pediatricians responded to a confidential survey about their opinions on the relationship between otitis media and children’s speech-language-hearing status. Results found that pediatricians did not necessarily agree that otitis media has an impact on speech-language-hearing development. Pediatricians reported that an early otitis media onset (birth to age 2) affects speech-language development, but they also reported that parents and daycare environments could mitigate any otitis media effect. Pediatricians reported a possible otitis media impact on hearing status, but they did not necessarily agree that an otitis media history required referral for audiological testing. Clinical implications are discussed for collaboration among pediatricians, speech-language pathologists, and audiologists. Learning outcomes (1) The reader will become familiar with pediatricians’ opinions about the impact of otitis media on speech-language development. (2) The reader will become familiar with strategies to support interdisciplinary collaboration between pediatricians, speech-language pathologists, and audiologists.
Evidence for the reestablishment of copulatory behavior in castrated male rats with a brain-enhanced estradiol-chemical delivery system.

We have developed a redox-chemical system for brain-enhanced drug delivery of estradiol based on an interconvertible dihydropyridine ⇌ pyridinium salt carrier. Estradiol, when combined with the carrier, readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and upon oxidation of the carrier is “locked” in the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an estradiol-chemical delivery system (E2-CDS) versus an equimolar dose of estradiol-17-valerate (E2-VAL) on copulatory behavior in orchidectomized rats. The data revealed that a single dose of E2-CDS was more efficacious than E2-VAL in stimulating mounting behavior (percent responding) and the effect was 100% through 5 weeks. E2-CDS increased intromission behavior more than E2-VAL through 28 days. Mount and intromission latencies were reduced by E2-CDS to a greater extent and for a longer time (28 days) than E2-VAL. Neither form of estradiol restored ejaculation parameters or penile reflexes. These data suggest that E2-CDS causes a potent and long-acting stimulation of proceptive and consummatory components of male sexual behavior, presumably acting through the local brain-release of estradiol.
Data Compression in Scientific and Statistical Databases

Scientific and statistical database systems heavily depend on data compression techniques to make possible the management and storage of their large databases. The efficiency of data compression methods has a signficant impact on the overall performance of these systems. The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of data compression to scientific/statistical databases, to discuss the pros and cons of data compression, and to survey data compression techniques relevant to scientific/statistical databases. The emphasis is on the basic idea, motivation, and tradeoffs of each approach. Both software and hardware methods are covered. The paper is concluded by a discussion of several points of research that seem worthy of further investigation.
Exploration of NDE Properties of AMB Supported Rotors for Structural Damage Detection

This paper addresses self-diagnostic properties of AMB (active magnetic bearing) supported rotors for on-line detection of the transverse crack on a rotating shaft. In addition to pure levitation, the rotor supporting bearing also serves as an actuator that transforms current signals additionally injected into the control loop into the superimposed specially selected excitation forces into the suspended rotor. These additional excitations induce combination frequencies in the rotor response, providing unique signatures for the presence of crack. The background of theoretical modeling, experimental and computer simulation results for the AMB supported cracked rotor with self-diagnostic excitation forces are presented and discussed.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Nuclear export of ribosomal subunits

The partitioning of cells by a nuclear envelope ensures that precursors of ribosomes do not interact prematurely with other components of the translation machinery. Ribosomal subunits are assembled in nucleoli and exported to the cytoplasm in a CRM1/Ran-GTP-dependent fashion. Export of the large (60S) subunit requires a shuttling adaptor protein, NMD3, which binds to mature, correctly folded subunits. Immature or defective particles do not bind NMD3 and thus are excluded from the export pathway. This structural proofreading is extended into the cytoplasm, where it is believed that several energy-requiring steps release shuttling factors from the subunit, allowing it to function in translation.