cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unpacking Firm Exit at the Firm and Industry Levels: The Adaptation and Selection of Firm Capabilities

Evolutionary theory of business activity studies how firms are selected out of environments in which they do not fit, but most existing work underemphasizes the distinction between acquisition and dissolution as selection processes. We address this gap with a multilevel analysis that investigates how managerial and functional organizational capabilities affect whether struggling firms exit by acquisition or dissolution. We demonstrate that managerial and functional capabilities have heterogeneous effects on selection processes, with managerial capabilities having particularly strong influence on acquisition exits by struggling firms. The work provides a bridge between adaptation and selection views on organizational change; exit by dissolution represents selection of both firms and capabilities, while exit by acquisition represents firm selection but capability adaptation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interplay of RNA Elements in the Dengue Virus 5′ and 3′ Ends Required for Viral RNA Replication

Dengue virus (DENV) is a member of the Flavivirus genus of positive-sense RNA viruses. DENV RNA replication requires cyclization of the viral genome mediated by two pairs of complementary sequences in the 5′ and 3′ ends, designated 5′ and 3′ cyclization sequences (5′-3′ CS) and the 5′ and 3′ upstream of AUG region (5′-3′ UAR). Here, we demonstrate that another stretch of six nucleotides in the 5′ end is involved in DENV replication and possibly genome cyclization. This new sequence is located downstream of the AUG, designated the 5′ downstream AUG region (5′ DAR); the motif predicted to be complementary in the 3′ end is termed the 3′ DAR. In addition to the UAR, CS and DAR motifs, two other RNA elements are located at the 5′ end of the viral RNA: the 5′ stem-loop A (5′ SLA) interacts with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and promotes RNA synthesis, and a stem-loop in the coding region named cHP is involved in translation start site selection as well as RNA replication. We analyzed the interplay of these 5′ RNA elements in relation to RNA replication, and our data indicate that two separate functional units are formed; one consists of the SLA, and the other includes the UAR, DAR, cHP, and CS elements. The SLA must be located at the 5′ end of the genome, whereas the position of the second unit is more flexible. We also show that the UAR, DAR, cHP, and CS must act in concert and therefore likely function together to form the tertiary RNA structure of the circularized DENV genome.
Organization of the distal end of mouse chromosome 4.

BALB/cAn and NZB/B1NJ mice are unique among mouse inbred strains in their increased susceptibility to the induction of plasma cell tumors (Potter and Wax, 1981). The inability to produce plasmacytomas in DBA/2N or (BALB/cAn × DBA/2N) Fl mice for example, indicates that one or more resistance (R) genes can be associated with the development of plasmacytomas (Potter and Wax, 1985). Similarly, plasmacytoma induction studies among a broad panel of BALB/cAn.DBA/2N (C.D2) congenic strains, originally selected for allelomorphic markers that differ between BALB/cAn and DBA/2N indicate some regions fortuitously harbor R genes of DBA/2 origin. C.D2 congenic mice carrying single resistance genes from DBA/2N are partially resistant to plasmacytoma induction, e.g., C.D2 Fv-1 n mice (Potter et al., 1984). The C.D2Fv-l n congenic has also been found to carry a locus (Rep-2) derived from DBA/2N which confers more efficient chromatin repair than the BALB/cAn strain (Potter et al., 1988). This has been determined by studies of efficiency of DNA repair following x-irradiation induced damage. Thus, the region on the distal end of mouse chromosome 4 in the vicinity of Fv-1 harbors not only genes associated with DNA repair but also genes involved in increased resistance to plasmacytomagenesis.
Genetics of Benign Familial Infantile Epilepsies

Investigators at Instituto G Gaslini, Genova, Italy and multiple other centers in Italy studied the genetics of benign familial epilepsies of the first year of life and assessed the extent of the genetic overlap between neonatal and infantile seizure syndromes.
Relative vulnerability to climate change of trees in western North America

Many recent changes in tree species distributions, mortality, and growth rates have been linked to changes in climate. Managing forests in the face of climate change will require a basic understanding of which tree species will be most vulnerable to climate change and in what ways they will be vulnerable. We assessed the relative vulnerability to climate change of 11 tree species in western North America using a multivariate approach to quantify elements of sensitivity to climate change, exposure to climate change, and the capacity to adapt to climate change. Our assessment was based on a combination of expert knowledge, published studies, and projected changes in climate. Of the 11 species, Garry oak (Quercus garryana) was determined to be the most vulnerable, largely because of its relatively high sensitivity. Garry oak occupies some of the driest low woodland and savanna sites from British Columbia to California and is highly dependent on disturbances, such as periodic, low intensity fire. Big leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) was determined to be the least vulnerable, largely because of its adaptive capacity. Big leaf maple can reproduce quickly after disturbances and its seeds can disperse long distances potentially allowing it to move in response to a changing climate. Our analyses provide a framework for assessing vulnerability and for determining why some species will likely be more vulnerable than others. Such information will be critical as natural resource managers and conservation practitioners strive to address the impacts of climate change with limited funds.
Synergistic Activity of Binary Mixtures of Insecticides on Tobacco Budworrn (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs

Bioassays were conducted to test ovicidal activity of various insecticides against tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Using a dipping technique, acephate, amitraz, chlordimeform, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, and thiodicarb were compared with a water control. Binary mixtures of the materials were tested for synergism or joint action. Chlordimeform, methomyl, fenvalerate, and thiodicarb exhibited better ovicidal activity than other compounds tested. High synergism in the laboratory strain was observed with the following mixtures: amitraz/methomyl (2.3:1), amitraz/monocrotophos (1:5), amitraz/fenvalerate (5.7:1), amitraz/methyl parathion (1:1), chlordimeform/monocrotophos (1:5), chlordimeform/methomyl (1:4), and chlordimeform/methyl parathion (1:10). In the field strain, high synergism was found with amitraz/methomyl (11.5:1), amitraz/fenvalerate (1:1.5), amitraz/methyl parathion (1:1), and chlordimeform/methyl parathion (1:10).
Effects of training on the mental health attitudes of black and white psychiatric aides.

The Opinions About Mental Illness Scale was administered to 71 newly hired psychiatric aides before and after a basic training program. Significant favorable change in attitude for the total group of aides was found on 4 of the 5 attitude factors. Comparisons of black (N = 26) and white (N = 45) aides in attitude change indicated no significant differential effects of training on attitudes of the 2 racial groups.
Uncertainty evaluation of sulfur content determination in coal by infrared method

The process of total sulfur content determination in coal by infrared method was described briefly in this paper.The uncertainty sources were analyzed.Then,the mathematical model of components during the determining process was built while the relative uncertainty of each component was quantized.Finally,the combined uncertainty and the expended uncertainty were determined and the testing results were reported.
Airway function after cyclooxygenase inhibition during hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs.

Airway function deteriorates significantly on cessation of exercise or isocapnic hyperventilation challenges but is largely preserved during the challenge in humans and guinea pigs. PGE 2 , an endogenous bronchodilator, might be responsible for the preservation of lung function during hyperventilation (HV). We hypothesized that PGE 2 might have a protective effect during HV, partially explaining the minimal changes in respiratory system resistance (Rrs) usually seen during HV in humans and guinea pigs. Therefore, changes in Rrs were measured during and after HV in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated guinea pigs treated with flurbiprofen (FBN) or placebo. With HV, there was an initial bronchodilation that was unaffected by FBN. Rrs then increased with time during HV, an effect that was blocked by FBN. After HV, Rrs increased further in all groups, but the increase in Rrs was less in the FBN-treated groups. FBN treatment reduced the PGE 2 concentration slightly in lung lavage fluid compared with placebo. We found no enhancement or refractoriness of the Rrs response to repeat bouts of HV and no effect of FBN treatment on the response of Rrs to repeat HV. These results suggest that a constrictor PG is released during and possibly after HV and that the post-HV increase in Rrs is the sum of effects of the PG released during HV and a second constrictor mechanism operating after HV. We found no evidence for bronchodilator PG during or after HV in the guinea pig.
Design of Basic Circuits

Up to this point we have only examined gate-level logic and clocked-system fundamentals. In this chapter the emphasis is placed on applying the material to a few select design examples. Space limitations prohibit covering too many circuits; besides, original design is part of the fun of working in this field in the first place. Instead, we will concentrate on circuits which have been chosen because of their overall usefulness to the CMOS circuit designer. Included in this study are input/output (I/O) circuits, chains of static gates, clocking networks, and memories.
A framework for statistical modelling of plastic yielding initiated cleavage fracture of structural steels

AbstractThe well established consensus that cleavage fracture is preceded by plastic deformation in structural steels implies that plastic yielding is the threshold stress state for a volume elemen...
Diurnal Fluctuations in Acidification and Hypoxia Reduce Growth and Survival of Larval and Juvenile Bay Scallops (Argopecten irradians) and Hard Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria)

Diurnal variations in pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations are common seasonal phenomena in many eutrophic estuaries, yet few studies have investigated the concurrent effects of low pH and low DO on marine organisms inhabiting these coastal systems. Here, we assess the effects of diurnal variations in pH and DO on the early-life history of two bivalve species native to Northeast US estuaries, the bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) and hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria). In one set of experiments, larval- and juvenile-life stage bivalves were exposed to ambient conditions (pHT ~ 7.9), two continuously-low pH levels (pHT ~ 7.3 and 7.6), and diurnal fluctuations between the ambient and low conditions yielding mean pH levels equal to the intermediate pH levels. In a second set of experiments, larval bivalves were exposed to ambient conditions (pHT ~7.9, DO ~ 7 mg L-1), two levels of low pH and DO (pHT ~ 7.2, DO ~1 mg L-1; pHT ~7.4, DO ~ 4 mg L-1) and diurnal fluctuations of both pH and DO between the ambient and low pH/DO levels that resulted in mean pH and DO levels equal to the intermediate pH and DO levels. Diurnal acidification treatments with ambient DO levels yielded survival rates for both species at both life stages that were consistent with the survival of individuals exposed to the same mean level of chronic pH with juveniles being more resistant to acidification than larvae. In contrast, when both pH and DO varied diurnally, the survival rates of larval bivalves were significantly lower than the survival of individuals chronically exposed to the same mean levels of pH and DO, an indication that bivalves were physiologically more vulnerable to concurrent fluctuations of both parameters compared to acidification alone. While both species displayed sensitivities to diurnal fluctuations in pH and DO, scallops were relatively more susceptible than hard clams. Since many shallow eutrophic estuaries presently experience diurnal cycles of both pH and DO when early-life stages of bivalves are present in estuaries, the populations of the bivalves studied are likely impacted by these conditions which are likely to intensify with climate change.
Measuring racial disparities in foster care placement: A case study of Texas

Abstract This paper uses administrative data from fiscal years 2002–2013 from the state of Texas to estimate racial disparities in foster care placement. The mean predicted probability of foster care placement is 2.5 percentage points higher for Black children relative to White children, and there is not a statistically significant difference in the predicted probability of foster care placement between Hispanic children and White children. Results from non-linear Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions show racial disparities in risk factors for child maltreatment do not explain the disparity in foster care placement; rather it is racial disparities in the effects of risk factors that are the main contributors. Discerning the respective roles of racial disparities in maltreatment risk factors as compared to racially biased decision-making can help to inform solutions to racial disparities in foster care entry. This research can provide guidance as to what extent resources should be focused on alleviating poverty versus training child welfare workers to recognize and eliminate decision-making bias; of course these ought to be complementary undertakings.
Standards at the Edge of the Cloud

Cloud computing assumes communication among participating components. The boundary between the collection of these components and the world of humans and devices has acquired a set of names that encompass different concepts, including fog computing (implying a highly diffuse, distributed cloud), edge computing (implying a clean boundary between connected and non-connected devices), and the Internet of Things (IoT). These concepts all assume a degree of connectedness that requires development of standards.
Stability Analysis of Discontinuous Dynamical Systems with Applications

Abstract We first present several Lyapunov stability results (sufficient conditions as well as converse theorems) for a class of dynamical systems with discontinuous states. Examples of such systems include systems with impulse effects and discontinuous systems that arise in studies of hybrid dynamical systems. These results are then used in studying a specific class of switched dynamical systems and a specific class of dynamical systems with impulse effects. We show that the present results are more general and less conservative than existing results.
Soldiers and Shadows: The Post-national Militant in Ignacio Padilla’s Amphitryon and El daño no es de ayer

This chapter examines the work of the late Ignacio Padilla, one of the founding members of the Crack movement in Mexican literature, within the wider context of Latin American post-national literature. Like the publications of fellow Crack writers, Padilla’s work engages cosmopolitan concerns, among them the question of whether violence is justifiable within the global community. Two of his novels, in particular, Amphitryon (2000) and El dano no es de ayer (2011), present characters who are soldiers representing national interests in contested territories and across national boundaries, and who engage in acts of interpersonal violence against friends, family members, and intimate partners in these spaces. Throughout these works, shifting political and personal identities complicate the friend/enemy dichotomy. Stachura argues that the interpersonal violence in these narratives metonymically echoes the inherent violence and exploitation of the globalized economy. This chapter situates Padilla’s work within a larger trend of contemporary Latin American literature that extends beyond the Mexican Crack movement, placing these texts into the critical conversation surrounding post-national literature in the early decades of the twenty-first century.
Direct colorimetric detection of unamplified pathogen DNA by dextrin-capped gold nanoparticles.

Abstract The interaction between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and nucleic acids has facilitated a variety of diagnostic applications, with further diversification of synthesis match bio-applications while reducing biotoxicity. However, DNA interactions with unique surface capping agents have not been fully defined. Using dextrin-capped AuNPs (d-AuNPs), we have developed a novel unamplified genomic DNA (gDNA) nanosensor, exploiting dispersion and aggregation characteristics of d-AuNPs, in the presence of gDNA, for sequence-specific detection. We demonstrate that d-AuNPs are stable in a five-fold greater salt concentration than citrate-capped AuNPs and the d-AuNPs were stabilized by single stranded DNA probe (ssDNAp). However, in the elevated salt concentrations of the DNA detection assay, the target reactions were surprisingly further stabilized by the formation of a ssDNAp-target gDNA complex. The results presented herein lead us to propose a mechanism whereby genomic ssDNA secondary structure formation during ssDNAp-to-target gDNA binding enables d-AuNP stabilization in elevated ionic environments. Using the assay described herein, we were successful in detecting as little as 2.94 fM of pathogen DNA, and using crude extractions of a pathogen matrix, as few as 18 spores/µL.
Fermionic Quantization and Spinors

In this chapter, we will begin by investigating the fermionic analog of the notion of quantization, which takes functions of anticommuting variables on a phase space with symmetric bilinear form \((\cdot ,\cdot )\) and gives an algebra of operators with generators satisfying the relations of the corresponding Clifford algebra.
Is the Term Soul Analogous

At the outset of the De anima, Aristotle asks whether all souls are of the same species or, if not, whether they are specifically or generically different. That is, if souls are specifically different, are they or are they not contained in a common genus.1 Obviously the answers to these questions will determine whether the term “soul” signifies univocally or not. If there is a common genus, there will be a common notion or logos and the term signifying it will be predicated univocally of the various species of soul.2 If there are generically different notions, the common term will be a “homonym,” that is, an equivocal term.3 Moreover, we must ask if the definition of the soul is common in the way the definition of animal is common or if it is different for every species of soul, as the definitions of horse, dog and man differ. Since these specific definitions do differ, the generic definition is either nothing or it is posterior—something true of any common predicate. Aristotle points out that such questions arise when our intention is to define, not just human soul, but to arrive at knowledge of all kinds of soul.
The impact of high BMI on acute changes in body composition following 90 min of running

Objectives: Although physical activity ameliorates the metabolic impact of high body mass index (BMI), runners with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 are relatively understudied. This study had two goals: (1) to ident...
Hardware Dithering: A Run-Time Method for Trojan Neutralization in Wireless Cryptographic ICs

We introduce a hardware dithering methodology for neutralizing Trojans in integrated circuits (ICs). The proposed approach seeks to make the operating point of an IC an unpredictable moving target during run time. Thereby, the ability of a Trojan to exploit the process variation margins, wherein hardware Trojans typically find breathing room to operate while remaining concealed, is significantly restricted. To demonstrate this hardware dithering concept, we leverage tuning knobs operating on the power and frequency characteristics of the transmission of a wireless cryptographic IC. These knobs are driven by a random number generator, thus forcing the circuit into a random walk in the space of its parametric performances while in normal operating mode. In essence, while the circuit remains within its operating specifications during this random walk, its exact operating point varies, thus muddying the waters for the adversary. Experimental results on the wireless cryptographic IC, which was designed and fabricated in a 0.35μm CMOS technology, corroborate that hardware dithering imposes a significant and unpredictably dispersed bit error rate to the adversary, thereby impeding hardware Trojan operation.
Detection and Characterization of Anharmonic Overtone Vibrations of Single Molecules on a Metal Surface.

Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a powerful technique used to characterize the vibration and spin states at the single-molecule level. While IETS lacks hard selection rules, historically it has been assumed that vibrational overtones are rarely seen or even absent. Here we provide definitive experimental evidence that the hindered rotation overtone excitation of carbon monoxide molecules adsorbed on Ag(110) can be detected with STM-IETS via isotope substitution. We also demonstrate that the anharmonicity of the overtone excitation can be characterized and compared between adsorption sites and find evidence of anisotropy in the vibrational anharmonicity for CO adsorbed on the $[1\overline{1}0]$ step edge.
Current and promising therapy for primary biliary cholangitis

Introduction: Primary biliary cholangitis is a chronic, cholestatic liver disease that may progress to cirrhosis with complications of end-stage liver disease. Approved treatment options include ur...
Procedures and Guidelines for Design of Lateral Bridge Slide Activities

AbstractAccelerated bridge construction (ABC) methods are implemented to reduce mobility impact time. In Michigan, four bridges were replaced using lateral slide, which is one of the ABC methods. T...
Phagocytosis by macrophages depends on histamine H2 receptor signaling and scavenger receptor 1

The histamine H2 receptor (H2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that mediates cyclic AMP production, protein kinase A activation, and MAP kinase signaling. In order to explore the multifaceted effects of histamine signaling on immune cells, phagocytosis was evaluated using primary mouse-derived macrophages. Phagocytosis is initiated by signaling via surface-bound scavenger receptors and can be regulated by autophagy. Absence of H2R signaling resulted in diminished phagocytosis of live bacteria and synthetic microspheres by primary macrophages from histamine H2 receptor gene (Hrh2)-deficient mice. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to quantify phagocytosis of phylogenetically diverse bacteria as well as microspheres of defined chemical composition. Autophagy and scavenger receptor gene expression were quantified in macrophages after exposure to Escherichia coli. Expression of the autophagy genes, Becn1 and Atg12, was increased in Hrh2-/- macrophages, indicating upregulation of autophagy pathways. Expression of the Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1 gene (Msr1) was diminished in Hrh2-deficient macrophages, supporting the possible importance of histamine signaling in scavenger receptor abundance and macrophage function. Flow cytometry confirmed diminished MSR1 surface abundance in Hrh2-/- macrophages. These data suggest that H2R signaling is required for effective phagocytosis by regulating the process of autophagy and scavenger receptor MSR1 abundance in macrophages.
Comparison of 2-Octylcyanoacrylate Versus 5-0 Fast-Absorbing Gut During Linear Wound Closures and the Effect on Wound Cosmesis.

Author(s): Zhuang, Anne R; Beroukhim, Kourosh; Armstrong, April W; Sivamani, Raja K; Eisen, Daniel B | Abstract: BackgroundAlthough the use of 2-octylcyanoacrylate (OCA) in cutaneous surgery offers increased efficiency, there is scant data comparing scar outcomes achieved with OCA versus 5-0 fast-absorbing gut suture (FG).ObjectiveTo compare scar cosmesis achieved with OCA versus FG for surgical wound closure.Materials and methodsA total of 44 patients with postoperative defects of at least 3 cm were included. Half of each wound was randomized to receive closure with either OCA or FG. At 3 months, patients and 2 blinded observers evaluated each scar using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS).ResultsThe total observer POSAS score (mean [SD]) for the side repaired with OCA (12.3 [4.72]) and the side that received FG (11.6 [4.36]) did not differ significantly (p = .40). There was no significant difference in the total patient POSAS scores between closure with OCA (14.9 [8.67]) and FG (14.6 [8.90]) (p = .70). Based on observer POSAS scores, scar pigmentation was significantly worse on the scar half repaired with OCA (1.98 [0.91]) compared with FG (1.79 [0.80]) (p = .05).ConclusionWith the exception of inferior scar pigmentation with OCA, there was no statistically significant difference in wound cosmesis after linear wound closure with OCA versus FG.
Safety and Cost-Effectiveness of Outpatient Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in the Ambulatory Surgery Center: A Matched Cohort Study

Using an age- and comorbidity-matched cohort, we compared patients who underwent unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in an ambulatory surgery center with those who underwent the procedure in a traditional hospital inpatient setting. Postoperatively, the ambulatory surgery center cohort had fewer major complications than the inpatient cohort. No ambulatory surgery center patients required acute hospital admission and none had major complications. Four major complications occurred in the inpatient cohort. There was no difference in complication rates. Our results suggest that outpatient unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in a freestanding ambulatory surgery center is a safe and reasonable alternative to the traditional inpatient hospital setting.
A Student-Built Flatness Gauge to Determine if a Fitness Center Employs Thinning Mirrors

Fitness centers and retail stores have often been accused of using “thinning” mirrors to enhance the images of their clientele. In this paper, the authors build a flatness gauge and use it to measure the curvature of the mirrors at a local fitness center. From these measurements, the image enhancement properties of the mirrors can be determined. The mirrors are found to be thinning, widening, and neutral with no apparent intent in their use or placement.
Glycocalyx-Mediated Vascular Dissemination of Circulating Tumor Cells

The glycocalyx on tumor cells has been recently identified as an important driver for cancer progression, possibly providing critical opportunities for treatment. Metastasis, in particular, is often the limiting step in the survival to cancer, yet our understanding of how tumor cells escape the vascular system to initiate metastatic sites remains limited. Using an in vitro model of the human microvasculature, we assess here the importance of the tumor and vascular glycocalyces during tumor cell extravasation. Through selective manipulation of individual components of the glycocalyx, we reveal a novel mechanism whereby tumor cells prepare an adhesive vascular niche by depositing components of the glycocalyx along the endothelium. Accumulated hyaluronic acid shed by tumor cells subsequently mediates adhesion to the endothelium via the glycoprotein CD44. Trans-endothelial migration and invasion into the stroma occurs through binding of the isoform CD44v to components of the sub-endothelial extra-cellular matrix. Targeting of the hyaluronic acid-CD44 glycocalyx complex results in significant reduction in the extravasation of tumor cells. These studies provide evidence of tumor cells repurposing the glycocalyx to promote adhesive interactions leading to cancer progression. Such glycocalyx-mediated mechanisms may be therapeutically targeted to hinder metastasis and improve patient survival.
COVID-19 Immunity Certificates: Science, Ethics, Policy, and Law

There is much discussion of adopting COVID-19 immunity certificates to allow those proven to have antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 to resume normal life and help restart the economy. This article points out issues that must be considered before adopting any such program. These issues fall into six categories: the uncertain science of COVID-19 immunity; the questionable quality of COVID-19 antibody tests; practical problems with issuing such certificates; deciding how the certificates might be used; ethical and social issues they would raise, especially fairness and self-infection; and potential legal barriers. It does not ultimately take a position on whether some narrow COVID-19 immunity plans should be adopted, concluding that the answer depends on too many currently unknown conditions. But its seventh part makes recommendations to decision-makers who might consider implementing such programs.
Volumetric Capnography Monitoring and Effects of Epinephrine on Volume of Carbon Dioxide Elimination during Resuscitation after Cardiac Arrest in a Swine Pediatric Ventricular Fibrillatory Arrest.

The aim of this study was to examine the use of volumetric capnography monitoring to assess cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) effectiveness by correlating it with cardiac output (CO), and to evaluate the effect of epinephrine boluses on both end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and the volume of CO2 elimination (VCO2) in a swine ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest model. Planned secondary analysis of data collected to investigate the use of noninvasive monitors in a pediatric swine ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest model was performed. Twenty-eight ventricular fibrillatory arrests with open cardiac massage were conducted. During CPR, EtCO2 and VCO2 had strong correlation with CO, measured as a percentage of baseline pulmonary blood flow, with correlation coefficients of 0.83 (p
A Multichannel, MEMS-Less −99dBm 260nW Bit-Level Duty Cycled Wakeup Receiver

This paper describes a −99dBm sensitivity, 260nW 434 MHz ISM band wakeup receiver (WuRX) in 65nm CMOS without MEMS filters, which is 18dB better sensitivity than any prior MEMS-less sub-μW design. The WuRX supports a new Channel-Embedded OOK single-tone TX scheme to enable multichannel operation without a local oscillator, improving usability for long-range, high density IoT applications. Reconfigurable within-bit duty cycling of the tuned-RF front end trades power for latency between 260ms latency at 2.17μW and 2.6s latency at 260nW.
Frequency Conversion in a Dielectric Time-Variant Metasurface via Optical Pumping

We experimentally observe frequency conversion via electromagnetic wave interaction with a high quality-factor resonance in an array of resonators whose refractive indices are varied on an ultrafast timescale. Further, we describe the observations using coupled-mode-theory.
A Masquerade Ball: Polypoid Endometriosis Mimicking Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

Study Objective To present the identifying characteristics of polypoid endometriosis as well as techniques for safe and effective resection of the disease. Design Stepwise demonstration of characteristics and techniques with narrated video footage. Setting Polypoid endometriosis is a rare variant of endometriosis first described in 1980. It microscopically resembles an endometrial polyp and is significantly associated with unopposed estrogen. It can precede premalignant and malignant conditions and has been reported in pre- and post-menopausal women. In this video, we review the visual characteristics of polypoid endometriosis as well as principles for safe and efficient resection of the disease. Patients or Participants A 60-year-old female with multiple abdominopelvic soft tissue nodules on CT scan concerning for peritoneal carcinomatosis. CT-guided biopsy demonstrated endometriosis, and the patient underwent laparoscopic cytoreductive surgery. Interventions When viewed laparoscopically, polypoid endometriosis appears as a lesion with irregular borders surrounded by scarring and fibrosis. Neovascularization appears commonly in these implants. The key principles for safe and effective resection of polypoid endometriosis include: Defining the borders of the lesion via palpation and thinning of the surrounding tissue Thoughtful instrument choice to minimize instrument switching during surgery Meticulous hemostasis to preserve visualization and prevent tissue staining Performance of ureterolysis, if necessary, to mobilize this structure away from the intended area of dissection Maintenance of a margin around the lesion to ensure complete resection Measurements and Main Results The patient recovered well without any postoperative complications. Conclusion Polypoid endometriosis should be a diagnostic consideration when imaging suggests peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Encapsulation of Bacillus anthracis Inhibits Human Dendritic Cell Responses

The capsule of Bacillus anthracis is composed of a d isomer poly-γ-glutamic acid polymer, which is especially nonstimulatory to dendritic cells, even more so than similar mixed d, l isomer polymers from nonpathogenic Bacillus species. Capsule is an essential virulence factor for B. anthracis, protecting the bacilli from phagocytosis by innate immune cells. In this study, we demonstrate that encapsulation provides a further pathogenic advantage by shielding more inflammatory Ags on the bacillus surface, thereby reducing dendritic cell responses. We exposed human immature dendritic cells (DCs) to increasing multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of killed B. anthracis bacilli from the fully encapsulated wild-type Ames strain (WT) and an isogenic capsule-deficient strain (capA mutant). Both strains elicited robust cytokine responses, but IL-23, TNF-α, and IL-10 were significantly reduced in response to the encapsulated WT compared with capA mutant up to an MOI of 15. capA mutant bacilli could induce phenotypic maturation of immature DCs with upregulation of MHC classes I and II, CD83, and CCR7 at an MOI of 3.75, whereas encapsulated WT bacilli still did not induce significant upregulation of MHC classes I and II at an MOI of 15. DCs exposed to capA mutant bacilli (MOI 3.75) exhibited CCR7-dependent chemotaxis that was comparable to that of LPS-stimulated controls, whereas DCs exposed to encapsulated WT bacilli exhibited significantly less chemotaxis. We conclude that capsule shields more inflammatory surface Ags, delaying development of an adaptive immune response by reducing TNF-α, thereby inhibiting DC maturation.
Defining self-disclosure of personal cancer coping experiences in oncology social workers' helping relationships: When cancer "hits home".

Oncology social workers are increasingly finding themselves diagnosed with or caring for a loved one with cancer. Self-disclosure may be useful for building a therapeutic alliance. Yet, practice-in...
The Epidemiology of Depression among Women.

Nonbipolar major depression is estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study to be the leading cause of disease-related disability among women in the world today (Murray & Lopez, 1996). This conclusion is based on epidemiological data that have documented a high prevalence of major depression among women around the world in conjunction with estimates of disease burden based on expert judgements. This chapter reviews the epidemiological research that underlies the WHO GBD estimates as well as more recent epidemiological research on women and depression. The discussion begins with a review of basic descriptive epidemiological patterns and then turns to epidemiological evidence about the cause of the higher prevalence of depression among women than men. PREVALENCE The fact that women have a higher prevalence of depression than do men is one of the most widely documented findings in psychiatric epidemiology, having been found throughout the world using a variety of diagnostic schemes and interview methods (Andrade et al., 2003; Nolen-Hoeksema, 1987). The prevalence of major depression among women in community epidemiological studies is typically estimated to be between one and a half and three times that of men, although there is enormous variation in the estimated total population prevalence of major depression across these studies. Lifetime prevalence estimates of major depressive episode range between 6 and 17%. Twelve-month prevalence estimates range between 1 and 10%. Current prevalence estimates range between less than 1 and 6%.
Judicial Leadership in Family Court: A Cautionary Tale

This article is based on the Charles Miller Endowed Lecture given at the University of Tennessee College of Law in April 2014 and forms the core of a chapter about judicial leadership in the family court in a planned book about the court. A central element of the historical juvenile court and the ensuing family courts has been the role of the judge as a judicial leader, shouldering responsibilities, including therapeutic ones, far beyond those of the traditional legal decision-maker. These multiple roles – as investigator, collaborator, convener, advocate, mediator, and problem-solver – have given the family court judge tremendous power to intervene in the lives of families, often at the price of diminished due process, biased and flawed decision-making, and increased reliance on court-based rather than preventive solutions to family problems. Recent efforts to integrate therapeutic jurisprudence into family court reform, particularly in creating unified family courts, have reinvigorated the idea that the court is capable of intervening in a family’s life not just to resolve the legal dispute that brought the family to court but also to improve the family’s life by addressing the complex social, emotional or psychological issues underlying the dispute. These reforms are built on the belief that when unified, therapeutic courts intervene in the lives of families, the outcomes for the families will improve and, most centrally, that the court is a good place to resolve family problems. These basic tenets of the unified, therapeutic family court sound remarkably like the therapeutic justifications for the original juvenile court. This historical review of judicial leadership in the juvenile and family court systems, however, has never found these therapeutic attempts to be successful on a systemic level and strongly cautions against this trend.
Wavefunction methods for the accurate characterization of water clusters

Although the first ab initio Hartree–Fock computations of the water dimer were reported more than four decades ago, the detailed characterization of water clusters with sophisticated electronic structure techniques remains an important and vibrant area of research. The field of computational quantum chemistry has made significant advances since those pioneering studies. Geometry optimizations of the water dimer can now be carried out at the CCSDTQ level, and CCSD(T) energies can be computed with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis for clusters as large as (H2O)17. Some of these high-level studies are starting to reveal that the electronic structure is harder to describe for some hydrogen bonds than others. For example, discrepancies between MP2 and CCSD(T) energetics tend to increase when there are qualitative differences in the hydrogen-bonding networks of the water clusters being studied. This review highlights the recent and exciting work in this area and provides an overview of popular strategies for generating reliable properties and benchmark quality energetics for water clusters with correlated wavefunction methods.
A framework of fuzzy evidential reasoning

With the desire to apply the Dempster-Shafer theory to complex real world problems where the evidential strength is often imprecise and vague, several attempts have been made to generalize the theory. However, the important concept in the D-S theory that the belief and plausibility functions are lower and upper probabilities is no longer preserved in these generalizations. In this paper, we describe a generalized theory of evidence where the degree of belief in a fuzzy set is obtained by minimizing the probability of the fuzzy set under the constraints imposed by a basic probability assignment. To formulate the probabilistic constraint of a fuzzy focal element, we decompose it into a set of consonant non-fuzzy focal elements. By generalizing the compatibility relation to a possibility theory, we are able to justify our generalization to Dempster's rule based on possibility distribution. Our generalization not only extends the application of the D-S theory but also illustrates a way that probability theory and fuzzy set theory can be combined to deal with different kinds of uncertain information in AI systems.
Myxoma of the right ventricle. Report of a case with unusual findings.

Abstract A case of myxoma of the right ventricle is presented in which the patient exhibited many of the usual clinical symptoms which have previously been described. She exhibited syncopal episodes and bursts of ventricular tachycardia, and the clinical course terminated in sudden death. The patient presented unusual auscultatory phenomena which we have tentatively attributed to the rhythmic rubbing during the cardiac cycle of the large calcific tumor mass against the endocardium of the right ventricular outflow tract. An additional unusual feature was the appearance of an outline of most of the tumor in the right ventricle by the heavy calcification in the wall of the infarcted tumor.
Cascade control of E. coli glutamine synthetase. II. Metabolite regulation of the enzymes in the cascade.

Abstract Enzymes and regulatory proteins involved in the cascade control of glutamine synthetase activity of Escherichia coli have been separated from one another and the effects of numerous metabolites on each step in the cascade have been determined. The adenylyl transferase (ATase) -catalyzed adenylylation of glutamine synthetase, which requires the presence of the unmodified form of the regulatory protein PII is enhanced by glutamine and is inhibited by either α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) or the uridylylated form (PII·UMP) of the regulatory protein. PII·UMP and α-KG act synergistically to inhibit this activity. In contrast, the PII·UMP-dependent, ATase-catalyzed deadenylylation of glutamine synthetase requires α-KG and ATP and is inhibited by glutamine or PII and synergistically by glutamine plus PII. The capacity of uridylyl transferase (UTase) to catalyze the uridylylation of PII is dependent on the presence of α-KG and ATP and is inhibited by glutamine. The deuridylylation of PII·UMP by the uridylyl removing enzyme (UR) is enhanced by glutamine but is unaffected by α-KG. However, CMP, UMP, and CoA all inhibit activity at 10 −6 m . High concentrations of ATase inhibit both UR and UTase activities, presumably by binding the regulatory protein. Of more than 50 substances that alter the activity of at least one enzyme in the cascade, only α-KG and glutamine affect the activity at every step. This accounts for the observation that glutamine synthetase activity in vivo is very sensitive to the intracellular ratio of α-KG to glutamine.
Measurement and Analysis Issues with Explanation of Variance in Daily Experience Using the Flow Model

Over the past several years, researchers have used data from the experience sampling method to operationalize flow and non-flow experiences in people's daily lives, including leisure, as indicated ...
Proposal to simplify development of a mixed signal test standard

This paper proposes a method to simplify development of a mixed signal test standard by assigning the analog interconnect test to IEEE 1149.1 and the analog measurement test to IEEE P1149.4.
The Science and Business of Genetic Ancestry Testing

Commercially available tests of genetic ancestry have significant scientific limitations, but are serious matters for many test-takers.
Analysis of Human RSV Immunity at the Molecular Level: Learning from the Past and Present

Human RSV is one of the most prevalent viral pathogens of early childhood for which no vaccine is available. Herein we provide an analysis of RSV epitope data to examine its application to vaccine design and development. Our objective was to provide an overview of antigenic coverage, identify critical antibody and T cell determinants, and then analyze the cumulative RSV epitope data from the standpoint of functional responses using a combinational approach to characterize antigenic structure and epitope location. A review of the cumulative data revealed, not surprisingly, that the vast majority of epitopes have been defined for the two major surface antigens, F and G. Antibody and T cell determinants have been reported from multiple hosts, including those from human subjects following natural infection, however human data represent a minority of the data. A structural analysis of the major surface antigen, F, showed that the majority of epitopes defined for functional antibodies (neutralizing and/or protective) were either shown to bind pre-F or to be accessible in both pre- and post-F forms. This finding may have has implications for on-going vaccine design and development. These interpretations are in agreement with previous work and can be applied in the larger context of functional epitopes on the F protein. It is our hope that this work will provide the basis for further RSV-specific epitope discovery and investigation into the nature of antigen conformation in immunogenicity.
Infrared temperatures of coal dust explosions

Abstract A comprehensive set of temperature measurements is presented for coal dust explosions as a function of dust concentration. Data include the dependence of explosion temperature on particle size, volatility, oxygen content, and added rock dust. The majority of the data are for constant volume explosions in a laboratory-scale vessel, but data from a coal dust burner flame and full-scale mine dust explosions are also included. In all of the measurements, the gas temperature was significantly higher than the dust particle temperature. The measurements were made with a three-wavelength near-ir pyrometer and a six-wavelength ir pyrometer (in the 1–5-μm-wavelength region). Some thermocouple measurements are shown for comparison.
The development of variably compliant haptic systems using magnetorheological fluids

In this study the authors develop haptic systems for telerobotic surgery. In order to model the full range of tactile force exhibited from an MR damper a microstructural, kinetic theory-based model of Magnetorheological (MR) fluids has been developed. Microscale constitutive equations relating flow, stress, and particle orientation are produced. The model developed is fully vectorial and relationships between the stress tensor and the applied magnetic field vector are fully exploited. The higher accuracy of the model in this regard gives better force representations of highly compliant objects. This model is then applied in force feedback control of single degree of freedom (SDOF) and two degrees of freedom (2DOF) systems. Carbonyl iron powders with different particle sizes mixed with silicone oils with different viscosities are used to make several sample MR fluids. These MR fluid samples are then used in three different designed MR dampers. A State feedback control algorithm is employed to control a SDOF system and tracking a 2-D profile path using a special innovative MR force feedback joystick. The results indicate that the MR based force feedback dampers can be used as effective haptic devices. The systems designed and constructed in this paper can be extended to a three degree of freedom force feedback system appropriate for telerobotic surgery.