cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early Activation of Experience-Independent Dendritic Spine Turnover in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Synaptic loss is critical in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the dynamics of synapse turnover are poorly defined. We imaged dendritic spines in transgenic APPswe/PSen1∆E9 (APP/PS1) cerebral cortex. Dendritic spine turnover is increased far from plaque in aged APP/PS1 mice, and in young APP/PS1 mice prior to plaque formation. Dysregulation occurs in the presence of soluble Aβ oligomer and requires cellular prion protein (PrPC). APP/PS1 mice lack responsiveness of spine turnover to sensory stimulation. Critically, enhanced spine turnover is coupled with the loss of persistent spines starting early and continuing with age. To evaluate mechanisms of experience-independent supranormal spine turnover, we analyzed the transcriptome of young APP/PS1 mouse brain when turnover is altered but synapse density and memory are normal, and plaque and inflammation are absent. Early PrPC-dependent expression changes occur in synaptic and lipid-metabolizing genes. Thus, pathologic synaptic dysregulation underlying AD begins at a young age prior to Aβ plaque.
Clark, the Professionalization Process and the War Essays

From the late 1880s through the 1890s, economics became increasingly institutionalized as a discipline — a discipline established as a system of intellectual authority. We are here concerned only with the course of this development in the United States, Clark’s role in this development, and the ideological thrust represented by economists of Clark’s persuasion. While it is impossible (and improper) to tell the complete story of this unfolding drama in the context of this work, a cursory examination must be undertaken to allow the reader a sufficient basis from which to understand Clark’s actions and the relationship between them and his general theoretical outlook.1
Formation and Stability of ω-3 Oil Emulsion-Based Delivery Systems Using Plant Proteins as Emulsifiers: Lentil, Pea, and Faba Bean Proteins

Many sectors of the food industry are interested in replacing synthetic or animal-based ingredients with plant-based alternatives to create products that are more natural, environmentally friendly, and sustainable. In this study, the ability of several plant protein concentrates to act as natural emulsifiers in oil-in-water emulsions fortified with omega-3 fatty acids was investigated. The impact of emulsifier type on the formation and stability of the emulsions was determined by measuring changes in droplet characteristics (size and charge) under different homogenization, pH, salt, and temperature conditions. Pea (Pisum sativum), lentil (Lens culinaris) and faba bean (Vicia faba) protein concentrates all proved to be effective emulsifiers for forming and stabilizing 10 wt% algae oil-in-water emulsions produced by high-pressure homogenization. The droplet size decreased with increasing emulsifier concentration, and relatively small oil droplets (d < 0.3 μm) could be formed at higher emulsifier levels (5% protein). Lentil protein-coated droplets were the most stable to environmental stresses such as pH, ionic strength and temperature changes. These results have important implications for the production of functional foods and beverages from natural plant-based ingredients.
Riding the Electricity Market as an Energy Management Strategy: Savings from Real-Time Pricing

Author(s): Chiles, Thomas; Shutika, Kenneth; Coleman, Philip | Abstract: Dynamic pricing of electricity, in which retail prices facing customers are responsive to changes in the underlying wholesale markets, represents a step towards economic efficiency in that customers get exposed to some or all of the costs facing wholesale market players. But what do customers who opt for this greater exposure – available in the roughly 15 “de-regulated” states, as well as, to some extent, from some regulated utilities – get in return for their risks? The U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) took a retrospective eight-year look at what the savings would have been had they let the loads for which they purchase electricity in the Washington, DC area buy electricity on the real-time pricing (RTP) market – the dynamic pricing option with the highest risk – as opposed to the strategy they chose in actuality, which was fixing flat prices with 3rd-party providers. We found that opting for RTP for the eight years of the study (2005 through 2012) would have resulted in 17% savings, or almost a quarter of a billion dollars, relative to GSA’s actual prices from the 3rd-party suppliers. This is particularly astonishing given that GSA appeared to have timed the market well during the study period, consistently beating the standard offer products provided by the distribution utilities. The issue of budgetary predictability poses an obstacle for customers (especially government ones) considering RTP and, to a lesser extent, other dynamic pricing options. Indeed, GSA would have lost money with RTP in two of the eight years, one of them substantially. But the magnitude of the savings is indisputably compelling and, even if it may be somewhat aberrational due to high congestion in the DC market, begs consideration by large electricity users currently paying to “lock in” fixed flat prices.
A tutorial of diverse genome analysis tools found in the CoGe web-platform using Plasmodium spp. as a model

Integrated platforms for storage, management, analysis and sharing of large quantities of omics data have become fundamental to comparative genomics. CoGe (https://genomevolution.org/coge/) is an online platform designed to manage and study genomic data, enabling both data- and hypothesis-driven comparative genomics. CoGe’s tools and resources can be used to organize and analyse both publicly available and private genomic data from any species. Here, we demonstrate the capabilities of CoGe through three example workflows using 17 Plasmodium genomes as a model. Plasmodium genomes present unique challenges for comparative genomics due to their rapidly evolving and highly variable genomic AT/GC content. These example workflows are intended to serve as templates to help guide researchers who would like to use CoGe to examine diverse aspects of genome evolution. In the first workflow, trends in genome composition and amino acid usage are explored. In the second, changes in genome structure and the distribution of synonymous (Ks) and non-synonymous (Kn) substitution values are evaluated across species with different levels of evolutionary relatedness. In the third workflow, microsyntenic analyses of multigene families’ genomic organization are conducted using two Plasmodium-specific gene families—serine repeat antigen, and cytoadherence-linked asexual gene—as models. In general, these example workflows show how to achieve quick, reproducible and shareable results using the CoGe platform. We were able to replicate previously published results, as well as leverage CoGe’s tools and resources to gain additional insight into various aspects of Plasmodium genome evolution. Our results highlight the usefulness of the CoGe platform, particularly in understanding complex features of genome evolution. Database URL: https://genomevolution.org/coge/
Late Nineteenth Century Business Cycles in Canada

The last third of the nineteenth century, covering the years from Confederation until the beginning of the era of rapid expansion on the Western prairies, was a formative period for Canada. It is surprising that this period has as yet received little attention from economic historians, for analyses of demographic and economic changes during these years may yield high returns in the form of a more sophisticated interpretation of Canadian development. One of a number of important yet neglected aspects of these years in Canada is the business cycle, and the purpose of this paper is to report some new research in this area. A study of business cycles, as opposed to “panics,” implies the existence of a clearly defined cyclical sequence that becomes apparent once an economy has reached a certain state of commercialization. While the process of commercialization in Canada generally lagged behind that in the United States it is clear that even before Confederation a viable market economy had been created in the united province of Ontario and Quebec. There is good reason to believe that by the time of Confederation factor and product markets were functioning quite smoothly and that the price system was playing a prominent role in allocating resources. The two most authoritative, though far from definitive, accounts of cycles and growth in the late nineteenth century are contained in the works of Breckenridge and Skelton. Other students of Canadian economic history have relied heavily upon Skelton's findings about the pace and nature of activity in the post-Confederation years. Skelton concludes that the short period from 1869 to 1873 was a prosperous one, despite the abrogation of reciprocity with the United States, because (1) exports to the latter were well maintained, (2) Canadian producers were successful in finding new domestic markets, and (3) there were expanding sales to the United Kingdom. In contrast the period from the mid-seventies through the mid-nineties he considered to be “Days of Trial” during which Canada waited grimly for a favorable turn in its economic fortunes. In the late nineties Canada's “hour had struck” with emerging opportunities for agricultural expansion in the prairie west.
Carbon Footprint – An Environmental Sustainability Indicator of Large Scale CO2 Sequestration

To slow down the degeneration of the planetary life support system atmospheric CO2 concentration must be reduced. There are no insignificant CO2 emissions since all CO2 ends-up in a single atmosphere of finite size. To minimize anthropogenic CO2 emissions and to bring its atmospheric concentration to 320 ppm, the world economies should replace fossil fuels with alternative energy sources and construct large facilities for reduction of atmospheric CO2.
Graph-based data warehousing using the core-facets model

There are a growing number of data-mining techniques that model and analyze data in the form of graphs. Graphs can link otherwise disparate data to form a holistic view of the dataset. Unfortunately, it can be challenging to manage the resulting large graph and use it during data analysis. To facilitate managing and operating on graphs, the Core-Facets model offers a framework for graph-based data warehousing. The Core-Facets model builds a heterogeneous attributed core graph from multiple data sources and creates facet graphs for desired analyses. Facet graphs can transform the heterogeneous core graph into various purpose-specific homogeneous graphs, thereby enabling the use of traditional graph analysis techniques. The Core-Facets model also supports new opportunities for multi-view data mining. This paper discusses an implementation of the Core-Facets model, which provides a data warehousing framework for tasks ranging from data collection to graph modeling to graph preparation for analysis.
Azathioprine-induced pancytopenia with normal TPMT activity presenting with HSV oral ulcers.

A 65-year-old man with treatment-resistant psoriatic arthritis, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) presented with herpes simplex virus (HSV) oral ulcers and a recent 15 lb weight loss due to reduced consumption. Five weeks previously, his methotrexate was tapered and he had begun taking azathioprine. The patient’s thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity level was normal prior to starting azathioprine. He was found to have pancytopenia with normal folate levels and azathioprine was discontinued. His pancytopenia worsened, with a nadir 8 days after stopping azathioprine, before returning to normal levels. His oral ulcers improved and he was able to tolerate solid food. This case illustrates that decreased TPMT activity is not the only risk factor for pancytopenia as an adverse reaction to azathioprine. Furthermore, HSV stomatitis may be the presenting symptom of pancytopenia. The timeline of improvement in cell counts illustrated in this patient has implications for the management of suspected azathioprine-induced pancytopenia.
A small molecular weight factor in aqueous humor acts on C1q to prevent antibody-dependent complement activation.

Purpose Aqueous humor inhibits activation of the classic complement pathway; however, the mechanism of this inhibition is unknown. We have examined at the molecular level potential factors responsible for the inhibition, and we have tried to determine where in the complement pathway the inhibition takes place. Methods Fresh rabbit aqueous humor was size fractionated by centrifuge concentrators and by size exclusion column chromatography, and each fraction was assayed for inhibition of the classic complement pathway in a standard CH50 hemolytic assay. Fractions with inhibitory activity were assayed for protein and the presence of ascorbic acid and were subjected to heat treatment. To identify where in the pathway the inhibitor(s) function, the expression of activated complement components bound to the surface of antibody-coated erythrocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibodies to specific complement components. In addition, hemolytic assays were performed for the function of individual complement components. Results The most potent inhibition of the classic pathway was in a fraction of aqueous humor of less than 1.3 kDa. The inhibitory activity in the fraction was unassociated with detectable protein or ascorbic acid, and it remained present after heat treatment. The functional analysis through flow cytometry and hemolytic assays for individual complement components showed that the inhibitor in the less than 1.3-kDa fraction caused a blockade in the complement pathway at the level of C1q. Conclusions The aqueous humor contains a unique potent anticomplementary factor that has a molecular weight less than 1.3 kDa. This heat-stable inhibitory factor inhibits the classic pathway at the level of C1q. These results imply that within the eye the complement pathway is inhibited at the earliest steps of its initiation. Such inhibition would prevent production of complement products that mediate inflammation and chemotaxis of inflammatory cells. Therefore, as part of the adaptation of immune privilege, the ocular microenvironment is protected from inflammation induced by antigen-antibody complexes.
Update in primary pulmonary lymphomas.

Purpose of review Despite the fact that primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) is a rare lung tumour, significant advances addressing clinical features, histological diagnosis, prognostic criteria and therapeutic management of this disease have been made within the past decade. Recent findings Monoclonality and phenotyping of alveolar lymphocytes are suggestive of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Detection of MALT-1 gene rearrangements in bronchoalveolar fluid cells using fluorescence in-situ hybridization techniques helps to confirm the diagnosis of MALT PPL. Fine needle aspiration-computed tomography guided biopsies as well as transbronchial/cryobiopsies provide adequate tissue material for histological evaluation. Recent publications also provide a better appreciation of newer chemotherapeutic approaches, including fludarabine and mitoxantrone with or without ritubximab for the treatment of MALT, as well as complete surgical resection if local disease is present. Prognostic factors influencing survival and optimal therapy for MALT have not been well defined, but the use of tumour microvascular density appears promising. Summary This review outlines the implications of recent findings for clinical practice and research progress of PPL. Larger, multicentre and well designed studies are imperative to optimize the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach for this disease.
David Oliver: Can the extra funds for the NHS really transform care?

The now departed health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, and NHS England’s chief executive, Simon Stevens, deserve praise for securing the promised 3.4% annual increase in funding for the NHS for five years from 2019-20.1 I see this as a victory, considering the backdrop of sustained cuts in other government departments, the reluctance to raise taxes, and the potential impact of Brexit on the economy.23 But it’s still less than the 4% annual increase that the King’s Fund, Nuffield Trust, Health Foundation, and Institute for Fiscal Studies have agreed that the NHS needs if it is to maintain even current service levels, let alone compensate for several years of funding increases …
Sphere Packings, Lattices, Codes, and Greed

The problem of determining the greatest density to which n-dimensional space can be filled by nonoverlapping unit spheres is solved only for the first three values of n (namely n = 0,1,2), and so we must impose further conditions if we are to make any progress at the moment.
An Integrative Perspective of Organizational Responses: Routines, Heuristics, and Improvisations in a Mount Everest Expedition

Understanding how organizations operate in different environments has been at the core of organizational research for decades. Three distinct bodies of literature have emerged, with limited cross-p...
Height and weight changes after deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease: role of clinical subtypes.

Abstract Increased body mass index (BMI) after deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been repeatedly reported in literature. However, little is known about the effect of PD clinical subtypes on weight and height changes after DBS. We aimed to study the differential effect of tremor-predominant versus hypokinetic-rigid disease on weight and height changes after DBS. Methodology: we chart-reviewed PD patients who underwent DBS at our center from 2006 to 2011. Weight and height data were obtained at the pre-surgical period, at 1-year post-surgery, and at the latest available follow-up (LAF). Results: There were 130 patients in the dataset (70% male, mean age 63+/-9.1). Eighty-eight patients had available data at 1-year post-DBS or longer. Mean LAF was 4.36+/-1.64 years. A BMI increment by 1 Kg/m2 or more was noticed in 35% after 1-year. Increased height (1cm-or-more) was seen in 24% of patients at 1-year. At 1-year post-DBS, 41.8% of patients with hypokinetic-rigid subtype increased in height compared to only 14.2% in the tremor-predominant group (OR 4.3, 95 % CI 1.3167-14.1246, P=0.015). There was no correlation between PD subtype and weight change after DBS. Conclusion: This study confirms BMI increase after DBS in PD patients and reports a novel finding of increased height after DBS in patients with hypokinetic-rigid PD. This might be secondary to improved axial rigidity following DBS. Resolution of tremor is probably unrelated to the increase in body weight after surgery since weight gain did not differ between patients with tremor-predominant and those with hypokinetic-rigid subtype.
Time-Dependent Iodate and Iodide Adsorption to Fe Oxides

Aqueous iodine removal via adsorption onto Fe oxides could provide an efficient remedial pathway for the vadose zone and groundwater contamination. We conducted a series of macroscopic batch experi...
Effects of annealing on fission fragment release from electrodeposited Cf-252 thin-films

Abstract Samarium thin-films doped with a 252 Cf radiotracer were used to study the effects of annealing on the release of fission fragments from electrodeposited films. An ammonium acetate molecular plating technique was utilized to perform the depositions. The fission fragment yields were measured using a unique technique involving the exposure of aluminum foils to the deposited material for a fixed time followed by gamma-ray spectroscopy to determine the rate at which the fission fragments implanted into the foils. Annealing of the electrodeposited films was found to have no effect on the release of fission fragments.
Ambulatory Transition from Parenteral Prostanoid to Inhaled Treprostinil in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

The intravenous or subcutaneous delivery of prostanoid drugs for moderate to severe pulmonary arterial hypertension has been fraught with complications and patient dissatisfaction. Combination therapy including inhaled treprostinil is an attractive alternative in clinically stable patients. Uncertainties exist about the patient characteristics and the optimal setting (inpatient versus office/home) for transition. Sixteen stable patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and favorable risk profile were transitioned from parenteral prostanoid to combination therapy including inhaled treprostinil in the home setting. Nine patients were using intravenous treprostinil, two patients were using subcutaneous treprostinil, and five patients were using intravenous epoprostenol at a median dose of 80 (interquartile range, IQR 72–90), 76.5 (68 and 85), and 28 (IQR 26–30) ng/kg/min respectively. Patients were followed up for a median of 732.5 days after transition (IQR 506.5–1294 days). Patients tolerated the transition to inhaled treprostinil well without significant change in functional class (81.25% FC I/II before transition vs. 87.5% after), 6-min walk distance [349 m (IQR 226–461 m) to 364 m (IQR 238–565 m), p = 0.09] or NT-proBNP [149 pg/ml (IQR 71.5–383 pg/ml) to 186.5 pg/ml (IQR 83.5–444 pg/ml), p = 0.38]. Hemodynamic data, where available, showed significant improvements in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance from 36 mmHg (IQR 27–46.5 mmHg) and 5.2 Wood Units (WU) (IQR 3.1–5.6 WU) to 28.5 mmHg (IQR 22–35.5 mmHg) and 3.2 WU (IQR 2.4–4.2 WU) (p-values 0.022 and 0.003). More patients were on triple therapy after transition, and side effects reported were less severe. For select patients, transition from a parenteral prostanoid-based therapy to a combination regimen including inhaled treprostinil in the home setting appears safe and well tolerated.
Habitat and Niche, Concept of

Why are species common in some places but rare or absent in other places? Early attempts to answer this fundamental question led to the concept of the habitat. A habitat is simply where an organism can be found in nature. Habitats are described in terms of geography, geology, climate, as well as by other species commonly found within the same habitat. The habitat concept is very closely related to another concept used to characterize species, the niche. The niche of an organism can best be described as its role in the community of organisms around it. Among the many traits that may comprise a niche are the physical and climatic characteristics that an organism can tolerate, and the resources required for the species to persist, such as food and shelter. The habitat of a species is often treated as a subset of its niche, and in practice it has grown difficult to draw a distinct line between the two concepts, yet the study of habitats has a history distinct from that of the niche. Today, habitat descriptions are commonly used as a practical guide for locating and maintaining species, whereas the niche is a more abstract concept that forms the conceptual foundation for much ecological and evolutionary theory.
Digital Overload Warnings - “The Right Amount of Shame”?

Media is rife with articles regarding smartphone addiction and how digital overload may be harming the mental well-being of children and young adults. As a response to the negative backlash about digital overload, Apple and Google released ScreenTime and Digital Wellbeing on iOS and Android devices to help users make informed decisions about their smartphone app usage. However, we expect that reminding users about their digital overload may have a negative effect, especially in undergraduate students, who are avid users of smartphones, and maybe also struggling with mental health issues. We conducted a survey among 230 undergraduate students to understand whether they use the ScreenTime feature on their iOS devices to manage app usage and if so, how the tool affected their emotions. We discovered that ScreenTime was effective in changing smartphone usage behavior, but also triggered negative emotions in undergraduate students who are avid smartphone users and also struggle with mental health issues. We expect the tools can be improved by changing the way users are warned about increased phone usage, by incorporating positive mindfulness techniques. We also emphasize the need to have more studies, like ours, to understand the effectiveness of digital overload reminder tools.
Abstract B46: CATACOMB: An endogenous inducible gene that antagonizes H3K27 methylation activity of Polycomb Repressive complex 2 via a H3K27M-like mechanism

Dysregulation of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) function is a common feature of many cancer types, including both solid and hematologic malignancies. A number of chromosomal translocations involving Polycomb group proteins have been identified; however, the molecular function of these fusion proteins remains largely unexplored. Here we characterize two endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) associated fusion proteins: JAZF1-SUZ12 and MBTD1-CXORF67. We identify JAZF1 as a previously unreported subunit of the NuA4 complex, which when fused to SUZ12 creates a bridge between the NuA4 and PRC2 complexes. Intriguingly, the MBTD1-CXORF67 fusion binds to PRC2 and leads to strongly reduced levels of the PRC2 catalytic products H3K27me2/3. We demonstrate that this inhibitory function is mediated by the CXORF67 half of the fusion protein. Because of this striking property, we propose a new gene name: CATACOMB (CATalytic Antagosnist of polyCOMB; official gene name: EZHIP). We map CATACOMB’s inhibitory function to a short, highly conserved region and identify a single methionine residue essential for diminution of H3K27me2/3 levels. Remarkably, the amino acid sequence surrounding this critical methionine resembles that of the oncogenic histone H3 lysine-27-to-methionine (H3K27M) mutation found in high-grade pediatric gliomas. Finally, we show CATACOMB expression is silenced through DNA methylation and upon treatment with DNA demethylating agents, CATACOMB is expressed, binds to PRC2, and antagonizes its catalytic activity. In conclusion, we have identified an endogenous inducible gene, CATACOMB, which can regulate the catalytic activity of PRC2 and propose that such mechanism of regulation of histone modifications through the expression of antagonistic subunits may also exist for other histone-modifying enzyme complexes. Citation Format: Andrea Piunti, Edwin Smith, Marc Morgan, Michal Ugarenko, Natalia Khaltyan, Kathryn Helmin, Caila Ryan, David Murray, Ryan Rickels, Bahar Yilmaz, Emily Rendleman, Jeffrey Savas, Benjamin Singer, Serdar Bulun, Ali Shilatifard. CATACOMB: An endogenous inducible gene that antagonizes H3K27 methylation activity of Polycomb Repressive complex 2 via a H3K27M-like mechanism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr B46.
Remote Wound Care

With the increasing global presence of and reliance on smartphones, featuring high-resolution digital photography and wireless, high-speed Internet, patients with wounds and point-of-care wound professionals are increasingly engaged in remote wound management and surveillance. Twenty years ago, home wound care professionals, advised by remote experts using telemedicine, were achieving sterling chronic wound outcomes. Mobile technology has sharply reduced transportation costs compared with clinic visits. Registered nurses using smartphones to access a web-based surgical infection site (SIS) surveillance algorithm based on validated Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, extended reliable, valid SIS surveillance into the first month of home care as recommended in the guidelines. This improved timely SIS identification and management while generating a registry that motivated patients and caregivers. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic accelerated needs for evidence-based care delivered by telemedicine, empowering wound care professionals to deliver quality care while limiting risks associated with patient contact. This installment of Evidence Corner reviews 2 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that used telehealth in varying ways to improve health care delivery and outcomes. One reported use of a telehealth application is to improve patient knowledge and outcomes of diabetic foot care. The second compared clinical and economic outcomes for patients with complex wounds whose local clinicians delivered home care guided by remote experts using telemedicine with those of similar patients managed without expert advice in the home or patients who attended wound clinics.
Priorities for Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment and Prevention During COVID-19's Second Wave.

Furthermore, persons with AUD have increased susceptibility to respiratory pathogens and lung injury, including a two to four times greater risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is a key cause of death in COVID19 4Thus, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have issued statements about the short- and longterm physical and mental impacts of alcohol abuse during the pandemic [ ]we need to review current alcohol policies and suggest changes that may be warranted A recent study in London, United Kingdom, demonstrated that virtual clinical contact with an alcohol nurse specialist during lockdown was positively correlated with avoiding relapse and even developing new abstinence behaviors during isolation 12 Because of a decrease in accessible inperson treatment options, aggressive outreach programs should be put in place to retain existing patients in care and encourage new patients to seek treatment;research shows that patient outreach interventions result in increased treatment attendance and continuity of care 9 Policy changes have also been enacted to support rapid adoption of telebehavioral health services to ensure continuity of care for people with AUDs, and many states are expanding Medicaid and reopening insurance exchanges under the Affordable Care Act The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has relaxed regulations governing telehealth, broadening access to recovery services 13 Although these are steps in the right direction, we must continue to expand and improve existing telebehavioral health services to prepare for a coming mental health and substance use disorder crisis-a "second wave" as described by the mental health community-and support from the government will be required to reinforce the behavioral health system
Using nanoparticles to prevent enamel wear

Abstract The objective of this research is to study the feasibility using nanomaterials to prevent and/or repair wear of teeth. Canine teeth have thin enamel prone to dental wear, causing pain, tooth loss, and infection. This research developed a new teeth repair agent based on the tribochemically active nanoparticles. The presence and properties of synthesized repair agents were evaluated after applying the repair agents by rubbing (simulated chewing) between extracted dog teeth. Polyether modified alpha‑zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) nanoparticles form a strong and durable protective layer on a canine tooth's enamel surface through chewing. The effectiveness of this protective film generation was enhanced by adding hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles into the repair agent. This protective film is up to 2 μm thick and has a hardness comparable to the enamel substrate. These results show that by chewing with the repair agent, the teeth are protected. The tomography result shows this repair agent also has the potential to mend cracks on the enamel surface. This research reports a novel approach to protect the wear of teeth. Nanoparticles promoted the generation of a protective film in situ during the chewing process. This nanomaterial can be the base of novel dental protective devices such as chewing toys or gums that preventing or reversing tooth wear and reducing the stress and cost of dental restoration operations.
Why and how predators pick prey: Followers’ personality and performance as predictors of destructive leadership

Abstract Our limited knowledge about destructive leadership has created an incomplete understanding of why destructive leaders target certain followers. I use the perpetrator predation paradigm to explain why destructive leaders prey on certain followers based on features of followers’ personality and performance. Then, I use meta-analytic data to empirically examine the extent to which predatory destructive leaders rely on followers’ personality versus performance, as well as the sub-facets of each. The relative weight results demonstrate that destructive leaders rely more on followers’ performance than personality (i.e., 92.11% of the explained variance versus 7.89%). Further, the results demonstrate that followers’ counterproductive work behaviors directed toward individuals and organizations account for the majority (i.e., 74.83%) of the variance explained by 10 sub-facets of followers’ personality and performance (R2 = 0.19). Overall, I theoretically argue why and empirically demonstrate how destructive leaders use followers’ personality and performance as they prey on certain followers.
The Demand for Medical Cannabis Education

Medical marijuana is currently legalized in two-thirds of US states. However, policy-makers have outpaced clinical research and have thus created a critical mismatch between state legalization and the lack of knowledge and education among physicians. As more states loosen their legislation surrounding marijuana use, health-care providers are increasingly expected to advise patients regarding its potential health benefits and safe use. Despite the growing public interest, medical teaching and training at the medical school and post-graduate levels are widely lacking.
Allograft discard risk index for lung transplantation.

ABSTRACT Background The demand for donor lungs continues to outpace the supply, yet nearly 75% of donor lungs intended for lung transplantation are discarded. Methods We reviewed all donation after brain death organ donors listed within the UNOS Deceased Donor Database between 2005 and 2020. Univariable and multivariable analyses were run on the training set (n=69,355) with the primary outcome defined as lung discard, and the results were used to create a discard risk index (DSRI). Discard data was assessed at DSRI value deciles using the validation set (n=34,670), and differences in 1-year mortality were assessed using stratum-specific likelihood ratio (SSLR) analysis. Results Donor factors most associated with higher DSRI values included age > 65, PaO2 400. The DSRI was a reliable predictor of donor discard, with a C-statistic of 0.867 in the training set and 0.871 in the validation set. The DSRI was not a reliable predictor of 30-day, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival following transplantation (C-statistic 0.519-0.530). SSLR analysis resulted in three 1-year mortality strata (SSLR 0.88 in the 1st DSRI value decile, 1.03 in the 2nd-5th, & 1.19 in the 6th-10th). Conclusions The factors leading to lung allograft discard are not the same as those leading to worse recipient outcomes. This suggests that with proper allocation, many of the grafts that are now commonly discarded could be used in the future donor pool with limited impact on mortality.
PTBP1/HNRNP I controls intestinal epithelial cell regeneration by maintaining stem cell survival and stemness

Properly controlled intestinal epithelial cell regeneration is not only vital for protection against insults from environmental hazards but also crucial for preventing intestinal cancer. Intestinal stem cells located in the crypt region provide the driving force for epithelial regeneration, and thus their survival and death must be precisely regulated. We show here that polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1, also called heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I, or HNRNP I), an RNA-binding protein that post-transcriptionally regulates gene expression, is critical for intestinal stem cell survival and stemness. Mechanistically, we show that PTBP1 inhibits the expression of PHLDA3, an AKT repressor, and thereby maintains AKT activity in the intestinal stem cell compartment to promote stem cell survival and proliferation. Furthermore, we show that PTBP1 inhibits the expression of PTBP2, a paralog of PTBP1 that is known to induce neuron differentiation, through repressing inclusion of alternative exon 10 to Ptbp2 transcript. Loss of PTBP1 results in a significant upregulation of PTBP2, which is accompanied by splicing changes in genes that are important for neuron cell development. This finding suggests that PTBP1 prevents aberrant differentiation of intestinal stem cells into neuronal cells through inhibiting PTBP2. Our results thus reveal a novel mechanism whereby PTBP1 maintains intestinal stem cell survival and stemness through the control of gene function post-transcriptionally.
Comparison of Untreated Mature Switchgrass and Cornstalks as Roughage in Beef Cattle Feedlot Diets

A feeding trial using 121 crossbred steers was conducted to evaluate the utilization of untreated mature switchgrass as a roughage source in feedlot diets. Steers were fed either cornstalks (STALK) or switchgrass (SWITCH) as roughage at 14.2% of diet DM. Performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated relative to roughage source. Cattle fed SWITCH had lesser marbling scores but backfat, HCW, KPH, ribeye area, and yield grade did not differ between treatments. Cattle fed SWITCH had lesser DMI than did STALK cattle but carcass-adjusted ADG and G:F did not differ between treatments. Untreated switchgrass may replace cornstalks at low inclusions in finishing diets, and digestibility of this low quality roughage may be improved through alkaline treatment.
Marine Boundary-Layer and Air-Sea Interaction

Abstract : The long-terms goals of the research are to understand and parameterize the physics of air-sea interaction and the marine boundary layer over a wide spectrum of weather and ocean conditions.
Galactic Colonization and Competition in a Young Galactic Disk

Even if long-lived advanced technical civilizations arise very frequently and interstellar colonization is possible and common among them, it is argued that this colonization process is unlikely to fully occupy the Galaxy i.e., saturate it due to interactions between the colonizing civilizations. This argument is supported by the analysis of population dynamics equations based upon those of theoretical ecology which are believed to be applicable to an extremely wide range of behavior patterns. It is also pointed out that recent astronomical evidence suggests that the disk of our Galaxy may be substantially younger than previously thought, thus making a non-saturated colonization model more plausible.
Vulnerabilities and security threats in structured overlay networks: a quantitative analysis

A number of recent applications have been built on distributed hash tables (DHTs) based overlay networks. Almost all DHT-based schemes employ a tight deterministic data placement and ID mapping schemes. This feature on one hand provides assurance on location of data if it exists, within a bounded number of hops, and on the other hand, opens doors for malicious nodes to lodge attacks that can potentially thwart the functionality of the overlay network. This paper studies several serious security threats in DHT-based systems through two targeted attacks at the overlay network's protocol layer. The first attack explores the routing anomalies that can be caused by malicious nodes returning incorrect lookup routes. The second attack targets the ID mapping scheme. We disclose that the malicious nodes can target any specific data item in the system; and corrupt/modify the data item to its favor. For each of these attacks, we provide quantitative analysis to estimate the extent of damage that can be caused by the attack; followed by experimental validation and defenses to guard the overlay networks from such attacks.
Solid-state qubits under control

The search for a practical quantum computer has come one step closer to reality with the creation of a solid-state 'quantum bit', or 'qubit'. A qubit is a two-state quantum system, which offers greater efficiency than the classical computer bit. What makes this latest qubit so exciting is that it can be controlled externally allowing the device to be switched between states.
Polymeric (di­phenyl­phosphinato)tetra­hydro­furanlithium

In the title compound, [Li(C12H10O2P)(C4H8O)]n, the O atoms of adjacent and bridging di­phenyl­phosphinate ligands and that from a tetra­hydro­furan (thf) mol­ecule are arranged in a tetrahedral manner around the Li atoms, resulting in a one-dimensional array (parallel to the a axis) of alternate eight-membered and rectangular planar four-membered rings [the two Li—O distances are 1.962 (6) and 1.991 (6) A, and the Li—O—Li and O—Li—O angles are 88.3 (2) and 91.7 (2)°, respectively]. The Li—O distances for the O atoms of the phosphinate ligand are 1.992 (6) (for the μ-O atom) and 1.897 (6) A, and the distance from Li to the O atom of the thf ligand is 2.028 (6) A.
Phase I Study of ZD9331 on Short Daily Intravenous Bolus Infusion for 5 Days Every 3 Weeks With Fixed Dosing Recommendations

PURPOSE: To conduct a phase I study of ZD9331, a potent, nonpolyglutamatable thymidylate synthase inhibitor using a short daily infusion for 5 consecutive days every 21 days. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with refractory cancer or cancer for which no standard therapy was available were treated in escalating doses using an accelerated titration design. Plasma and urine samples were collected at timed intervals in the first cycle for pharmacokinetic analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were enrolled at 12 dose levels from a starting dose of 0.4 mg/m2/d to 16 mg/m2/d and 25 mg/d fixed dosing, of which 67 were assessable for toxicity. Maximum-tolerated dose was reached at 16 mg/m2/d. Myelosuppression was dose-limiting, consisting of thrombocytopenia associated with neutropenic fever. Body-surface area did not correlate with drug clearance; therefore, fixed daily dosing of 25 mg/d was studied and found to be tolerable, with two of 12 dose-limiting events. Dose-limiting nonhematologic toxicity consisted of...
Discrete time adaptive sliding control of nonlinear systems without matching condition

This paper presents a discrete time adaptive sliding control law for SISO nonlinear systems with mismatched uncertainties. The systems are assumed to have no zero dynamics, i.e. the relative degree is the same as the system order. Control objective is for the output to track a sufficiently smooth desired trajectory. The control law utilizes the idea of the multiple sliding surface. The developed discrete time adaptation laws differ from those of conventional sliding control, and aim at adaptation on time varying parameters such as disturbances or unstructured unmodeled dynamics. The close loop stability is checked in the discrete time domain, and exponential decay of the adaptation error can be guaranteed by proper placement of the discrete time closed loop poles.
University Students’ Perceptions of Academic Cheating: Triangulating Quantitative and Qualitative Findings

Using a parallel mixed-methods design, the current study examined university students’ perceptions of academic cheating through collecting and analyzing both the quantitative and qualitative data. Our quantitative findings corroborate previous research that male students have engaged more in academic cheating than females based on students’ self-reports, and that undergraduate students are less willing to discuss issues on academic cheating as compared with their graduate counterparts. Five themes emerged from the thematic analysis of the qualitative data: (1) flexible definitions for cheating, (2) environmental promotion of cheating, (3) the moral transgression of cheating, (4) cheating as an ambiguous justification, and (5) cheating as a conscious decision making process. The mixed-methods findings indicate that there is no relationship between students’ gender or classification and their endorsements of the qualitative themes. However, non-White students are more likely to endorse the theme “cheating as an ambiguous justification.” Implications for reducing and preventing academic cheating at the university level are discussed.
Task Support through Total Ship Information Management

Flexible, dynamic task-managed watchstanding breaks the traditional model of a component system with its own operators. Watchstanders' interaction with their operational world is now mediated through explicitly designed tasks; each task may require information from and exercise control over a number of diverse information-providing and action-taking systems. These task-system linkages are contextual; the particular information required by a particular watchstander's particular task depends on the particular situation in which it is undertaken. Information and control connections must be determined dynamically while remaining understandable and manageable by watchstanders and supervisory authorities. We describe the Total Ship Information Management (TSIM) architecture that we have implemented to accomplish this. TSIM works with the Multi-Modal Watchstation through the use of ship-wide Enterprise Objects that represent (among other things) missions, orders, goals, watchstanders, tasks, events, information ...
Long-Term Telemetric Recording of Arterial Pressure and Heart Rate in Mice Fed Basal and High NaCl Diets

Research examining the control of arterial pressure in mice has primarily relied on tail-cuff plethysmography and, more recently, on tethered arterial catheters. In contrast, the radiotelemetry method has largely become the "gold standard" for long-term monitoring of arterial pressure and heart rate in rats. Whereas smaller telemetry probes have recently been developed, no published studies have used radiotelemetric monitoring of arterial pressure in mice, largely because of a relatively low success rate in small mice (ie, <30 g body weight). We report on the development of a protocol for the use of these probes to continuously monitor arterial pressure and heart rate in mice as small as 19 g body weight. To test the accuracy and reliability of this method, adult C57/BL6 mice were monitored for 3 weeks during exposure to a basal followed by a high NaCl diet. The results demonstrate that carotid and aortic placements of the telemetry probe provide equally accurate monitoring of arterial pressure and heart rate, but the carotid placement has a much greater rate of success. Exposure to a high NaCl diet increases both the amplitude of the arterial pressure rhythm (+ 6.0+/-0.6 mm Hg, approximately 32%) and the average mean arterial pressure (+ 8.6+/-1.1 mm Hg, approximately 8%), as would be predicted from previous studies in NaCl-resistant rats. Thus, the data demonstrate that telemetric recording of long-term arterial pressure and heart rate provides a powerful tool with which to define the mechanisms of cardiovascular control in mice.
Communicating bioastronautics research to students, families and the nation

The National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) is supporting the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) education mission through a comprehensive Education and Public Outreach Program (EPOP) that communicates the excitement and significance of space biology to schools, families, and lay audiences. The EPOP is comprised of eight academic institutions: Baylor College of Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Rice University, and the University of Washington. This paper describes the programs and products created by the EPOP to promote space life science education in schools and among the general public. To date, these activities have reached thousands of teachers and students around the US and have been rated very highly.