cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Translational enhancement of H-ferritin mRNA by interleukin-1β acts through 5' leader sequences distinct from the iron responsive element

Interleukin-1 beta (Il-1 beta), a key cytokine in the acute phase response, elevates hepatic expression of both the heavy (H) and light (L) ferritin subunits without influencing the steady-state levels of either ferritin transcript. Transfection experiments with human hepatoma cells reveal that sequences within the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of H-ferritin mRNA confer translational regulation to chimaeric chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) mRNAs in response to Il-1 beta in the absence of marked changes in CAT mRNA levels. Il-1 beta dependent translational enhancement is mediated by a distinct G + C rich RNA sequence within 70 nucleotides (nt) of the start codon. The upstream Iron Responsive Element RNA stemloop does not confer increased expression to CAT mRNA in Il-1 beta stimulated hepatoma transfectants. A 38 nucleotide consensus sequence within the 5'UTRs of the mRNAs encoding the hepatic acute phase proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and haptoglobin (Dente et al., 1985) is similar to sequences in the G + C rich H-ferritin mRNA translational regulatory element. Deletion of three nucleotides from this region of the 61 nt G + C rich element in the H-ferritin mRNA 5' leader eliminates Il-1 beta translational enhancement of the CAT reporter transcripts.
Construction of a personality inventory through Thurstone scaling of daydreams.

In this study an empirical technique was used to construct a personality inventory. Daydreams were chosen as the medium in which certain personality variables were reflected and the Thurstone scaling method of equal-appearing intervals served as the technique for scaling the daydreams and constructing the inventory. Daydreams were selected from two daydream questionnaires, and this pool of items (279 daydreams) was subjected to a Thurstone-type scaling by expert judges on nine dimensions (Pessimism-Optimism, Moving Toward People-Moving Away From People, Morbid Content-Nonmorbid Content, Self-orientationOther-orientation, Unpleasant-Pleasant, Unrealistic-Realistic, Positive Social Orientation-Negative Social Orientation, Past-Future, Physical Interest-Psychosocial Interest). This scaling resulted in the formulation of a daydream inventory which has nine scales. Reliability and validity of the daydream inventory were then assessed. A test-retest reliability procedure was used with 20 Ss. Only three scales (Past, Unrealistic, and Movement Toward) showed Spearman rho test-retest values equal to or greater than .70. I t was believed that these low reliability values reflected the use of a small and fairly homogeneous sample of students. The validity study atcempted to differentiate two "known" groups (20 graduate students and 23 prison inmates). The daydream inventory did separate the two groups and with reasonable accuracy on rwo of the nine scales (Past and Morbid). The only other scale that showed any indication of differentiating the groups was the Unrealistic scale. The results of these preliminary studies give some indication of the inventory's potential reliability and validity. The use of expert judges and the wellestablished methodology add evidence for validation, but a more adequate sample is necessary before the reliability and validity of this inventory can be demonstrated empirically.
On measuring the system coherency of quadratically nonlinear systems

Results on modeling quadratic systems described by Volterra series up to order two are presented. Specifically, expressions for the linear and quadratic transfer functions and the system coherency are derived. It is shown that all the three quantities can be independently computed in the discrete frequency domain in terms of various spectral moments. >
Fluctuations and bistability in a ``hybrid'' atomistic model for CO oxidation on nanofacets: An effective potential analysis

We analyze fluctuations in a “hybrid” atomistic model mimicking CO oxidation on nanoscale facets of metal(100) catalyst surfaces. The model incorporates a mean-field-like treatment of infinitely mobile CO, and a lattice-gas treatment of the superlattice ordering of immobile O. For an infinite system, it exhibits an Ising-type order–disorder transition for O, together with mean-field-like bistability disappearing at a cusp bifurcation. For finite systems, we use kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to study the probability distribution for the population of adsorbed species, from which bistability can be observed, together with fluctuation-induced transitions between the two stable states. An effective potential picture emerges from our analyses that can be used to quantify both the system size dependence of fluctuations and the transition rates. Thus, our hybrid atomistic model displays fluctuation behavior analogous to traditional mean-field models. This qualitative behavior can be understood by approximate tr...
Transferable potentials for phase equilibria. 9. Explicit hydrogen description of benzene and five-membered and six-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds

The explicit hydrogen version of the transferable potentials for phase equilibria (TraPPE-EH) force field is extended to benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, thiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, imidazole, and pyrazole. While the Lennard-Jones parameters for carbon, hydrogen (two types), nitrogen (two types), oxygen, and sulfur are transferable for all 13 compounds, the partial charges are specific for each compound. The benzene dimer energies for sandwich, T-shape, and parallel-displaced configurations obtained for the TraPPE-EH force field compare favorably with high-level electronic structure calculations. Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to compute the single-component vapor−liquid equilibria for benzene, pyridine, three diazenes, and eight five-membered heterocycles. The agreement with experimental data is excellent with the liquid densities and vapor pressures reproduced within 1 and 5%, respectively. The critical temperatures and normal boi...
Estimating Future Residential Water Consumption in Phoenix, Arizona Based on Simulated Changes in Climate

Previous studies have shown that residential water consumption in Phoenix, Arizona is significantly related to changes in climate, although that sensitivity varies substantially from one census tract to another. In this investigation, we determine the empirical relationship between water consumption and variations in temperature and precipitation. We find the sensitivity of water consumption to either climate variable is positively related to the percent of land covered in mesic irrigated landscaping, mean household income, lot size, and percent of single-family residential lots containing swimming pools. We use estimated changes in temperature and precipitation for 50 model-scenario combinations presented by the IPCC, and we determined that mean water consumption should increase by an average of over 3% by ~2050, but the climate-induced change in consumption varies considerably across census tracts.
Behavioral marital therapy couples groups for male alcoholics and their wives

Abstract This article presents in detail the clinical procedures for a behavioral marital therapy (BMT) couples group for male alcoholics. Methods used to recruit and prepare couples for therapy are presented. In the BMT couples group, therapists use behavioral rehearsal and weekly homework assignments to help couples (a) decrease drinking and alcohol-related interactions by making an Antabuse Contract and discussing relapse prevention; (b) plan shared recreational activities; (c) notice, acknowledge, and initiate daily caring behaviors; (d) learn communication skills of listening, expressing feelings directly, and the use of planned communication sessions; and (e) negotiate desired changes using positive specific requests, compromise, and written agreements. Methods for dealing with resistance and noncompliance in the group are also described. Finally, modifications in the BMT treatment package presented here that may be helpful in other settings are described.
Analysis of three-dimensional grids: The cube and the octahedron

The analysis of three-dimensional data is customarily performed by arranging eight measurements in a cubical array and representing them by the trilinear equation. The octahedral design offers the prospect of reduced laboratory costs because it requires only six measurements. Operational interpolating equations for six data in octahedral array can be more accurate than the trilinear equation for eight data in cubical array. The operational equations apply to the six- or seven-point octahedron.
Quantitative assay of recombinant vaccinia virus-encoded neomycin phosphotransferase in infected eukaryotic cell lysates

A method for the detection and quantitation of neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II) activity in recombinant vaccinia virus (VV)-infected eukaryotic cell lysates is described. The assay is linear with respect to both protein concentration and time of incubation. Cytoplasmic extracts of cells infected with a recombinant VV expressing the bacterial neo gene exhibited NPT II levels more than 50-fold higher than those detected in extracts from either uninfected or VV-infected cells. These results indicate that interference from cellular or viral-induced ATPase activities is sufficiently low that NPT II enzyme activity can be measured in crude cell lysates without employing additional protein purification procedures.
Shifting nutrient limitation and eutrophication effects in marsh vegetation across estuarine salinity gradients

In light of widespread coastal eutrophication, identifying which nutrients limit vegetation and the community consequences when limitation is relaxed is critical to maintaining the health of estuarine marshes. Studies in temperate salt marshes have generally identified nitrogen (N) as the primary limiting nutrient for marsh vegetation, but the limiting nutrient in low salinity tidal marshes is unknown. I use a 3-yr nutrient addition experiment in mid elevation, Spartina patens dominated marshes that vary in salinity along two estuaries in southern Maine to examine variation in nutrient effects. Nutrient limitation shifted across estuarine salinity gradients; salt and brackish marsh vegetation was N limited, while oligohaline marsh vegetation was co-limited by N and phosphorus (P). Plant tissue analysis of S. patens showed plants in the highest salinity marshes had the greatest percent N, despite N limitation, suggesting that N limitation in salt marshes is partially driven by a high demand for N to aid in salinity tolerance. Fertilization had little effect on species composition in monospecific S. patens stands of salt and brackish marshes, but N + P treatments in species-rich oligohaline marshes significantly altered community composition, favoring dominance by high aboveground producing plants. Eutrophication by both N and P has the potential to greatly reduce the characteristic high diversity of oligohaline marshes. Inputs of both nutrients in coastal watersheds must be managed to protect the diversity and functioning of the full range of estuarine marshes.
Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in soman-induced convulsions.

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and regional cerebral glucose utilization (CGU) were studied by quantitative autoradiographic techniques in rats. Animals were treated either with a toxic dose of soman, an irreversible organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor, that produced convulsions or with saline as controls. An increased arterial blood pressure (mean increase = 41% of control) always preceded onset of convulsions. Convulsive activity was associated with an increase of plasma glucose concentration and marked increases over controls of CGU [average of all regions: control = 75 +/- 5 mumol.100 g-1.min-1, n = regions/animals (304/8); seizures = 451 +/- 20 mumol.100 g-1.min-1, n = 190/5] and CBF [average of all regions: control = 135 +/- 6 ml.100 g-1.min-1, n = 190/5; seizures = 619 +/- 29 ml.100 g-1.min-1, n = 190/5). Regional distribution of these effects revealed a greater proportional increase of CBF over CGU in cingulate, motor, and occipital cortex and caudate-putamen. In contrast, a lower proportional increase of CBF over CGU in CA3 region of hippocampus, dentate gyrus, medial thalamus, and substantia nigra was observed, implying the existence of a relative ischemia in these brain areas. These findings may be relevant to the pathogenesis of brain lesions associated with soman-induced convulsions.
MENOPAUSAL HOT FLASHES: MECHANISMS, ENDOCRINOLOGY, TREATMENT

Abstract Hot flashes (HFs) are a rapid and exaggerated heat dissipation response, consisting of profuse sweating, peripheral vasodilation, and feelings of intense, internal heat. They are triggered by small elevations in core body temperature (Tc) acting within a greatly reduced thermoneutral zone, i.e., the Tc region between the upper (sweating) and lower (shivering) thresholds. This is due in part, but not entirely, to estrogen depletion at menopause. Elevated central sympathetic activation, mediated through α 2 -adrenergic receptors, is one factor responsible for narrowing of the thermoneutral zone. Procedures which reduce this activation, such as paced respiration and clonidine administration, ameliorate HFs as will peripheral cooling. HFs are responsible for some, but not all, of the sleep disturbance reported during menopause. Recent work calls into question the role of serotonin in HFs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Menopause’.
Trapped vehicle detection system for four-quadrant gates in high speed rail corridors: design methodology and implementation issues

The objective of this paper is to determine the location of sensors in the track system functioning as checkpoints to provide information to a train on the status of the crossing and provide evasive maneuver time for the train and trapped vehicle. Two train-operating scenarios are evaluated: the first provides no deceleration when a trapped vehicle is detected; the second scenario has the train decelerate at a tolerable deceleration rate to passengers when a trapped vehicle is detected. The findings indicate that there is a trade-off between minimizing the distances to locate the trapped vehicle detection sensors in the track system and potential issues of reliability of vehicle detection and maximization of safety. Recommendations include provision of on-board real-time status information on the crossing(s) in the train with automatic train location and control to continuously provide safe stopping distances in event of a trapped vehicle.
Media Discourse on Globalization and Terror

This article studies the linkage made in media discourse between the September 11 terror attacks and globalization. Analysis of the prestige, national, and regional American press reveals three principal frames that support issue cultures that enhance state power and promote neo-liberal economic policy. These frames also provide an inadvertent cover for unilateral United States foreign policy interests and thus lend support to those theorists who argue that globalization is a distraction that hinders a productive analysis of international politics.
On the coarse-graining of hydrologic processes with increasing scales

The transformation of hydrologic processes from nonstationarity to stationarity with increasing scales is investigated. The fundamental mechanism of this transformation is the coarse-graining of hydrologic processes by aliasing and averaging operations. These operations are investigated by means of spectral relationships and hydrologic conservation equations. It is shown that hydrologic conservation equations at large scales may still be parsimonious due to the coarse-graining of hydrologic processes with increasing scales. When a larger scale process is formed by averaging a smaller scale process, the high frequency components of the smaller scale process are eliminated by the averaging operation, rendering the average hydrologic conservation equations to be quite simple in form. It is also shown that for the ensemble average form of a hydrologic conservation equation to be equivalent to its volume-average form, the parameter functions of that conservation equation at the immediately smaller scale must be ergodic.
Raising Students' Awareness of Women in Psychology.

The near invisibility of women's contributions to psychology is a serious problem in the teaching of psychology. We tested the effectiveness of a teaching exercise aimed at increasing students' awareness of women's contributions to psychology. The exercise involved making, displaying, and examining posters about women in psychology. Students (a) named more women who contributed to psychology, (b) identified more contributions of women to psychology, and (c) listed more women with their accurately matched contributions following the assignment than they did before the assignment. This exercise can be modified to teach students about the contributions of other groups (e.g., racial and ethnic minorities) to psychology.
An efficient wavelength path assignment method for hypercube photonic networks

The hypercube photonic network is promising as a metropolitan area network and intra-/inter-datacenter network, since it is resilient against even severe disasters. However, the lack of a simple and efficient wavelength-path assignment method has made network operation challenging. This paper proposes a simple and efficient wavelength-path assignment method and reveals that the method constantly achieves over 80% average accommodation efficiency.
Immunodominant regions for T helper-cell sensitization on the human nicotinic receptor α subunit in myasthenia gravis

In myasthenia gravis an autoimmune response against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) occurs. The alpha subunit of the AChR contains both the epitope(s) that dominates the antibody response (main immunogenic region) and epitopes involved in T helper cell sensitization. In this study, overlapping synthetic peptides corresponding to the complete AChR alpha-subunit sequence were used to propagate polyclonal AChR-specific T helper cell lines from four myasthenic patients of different HLA types. Response of the T helper lines to the individual peptides was studied. Four immunodominant sequence segments were identified--i.e., residues 48-67, 101-120, 304-322, and 419-437. These regions did not include residues known to form the main immunogenic region or the cholinergic binding site, and they frequently contained sequence motifs that have been proposed to be related to T-epitope formation.
Intravenous contrast medium does not increase the severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in the opossum

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography provides diagnostic and prognostic information in patients with acute pancreatitis. To evaluate whether contrast medium may worsen the severity of acute pancreatitis, we have used a model of necrotizing pancreatitis induced by ligating the common bile-pancreatic duct in opossums. Animals were infused with either saline or an ionic contrast agent 48 and 96 hr after induction of pancreatitis. Hyperamylasemia, pancreatic edema, acinar cell fragility, and macroscopic evidence of pancreatitis were comparable in both experimental groups. The microscopic extent of inflammation was similar in both groups, whereas acinar cell injury/necrosis was less in the contrast group. We conclude that administration of this ionic contrast agent during early stages of necrotizing pancreatitis in the opossum does not worsen the disease severity. The concept that administration of contrast medium during early stages of pancreatitis is dangerous should not be accepted until additional experimental and clinical studies support its validity.
INFLUENZA : III. RAPID ALTERATIONS IN THE RESPIRATORY RATE OF EMBRYONATED EGGS APPARENTLY CAUSED BY INFLUENZA VIRUS TOXIN.

Allantoic fluid from embryonated eggs infected with influenza A virus contains a toxic agent which can be demonstrated and quantitatively measured by its rapid effect on oxygen consumption when it is introduced in new series of fertile eggs. The effects were measured 90 minutes after the injection of the infected fluid, and were seen following both intra-allantoic injection and injection into the yolk sac. This toxin, in concentrations resulting from the injection of 0.5 cc. or less of the infected fluid, has no effect on oxygen consumption. The injection of 0.75 to 2.0 cc. of the fluid strikingly increases the oxygen consumption of the fertile eggs, while the injection of 3.0 cc. markedly depresses respiration. A similar reversal and eventual loss of the effect of the toxin on respiration were noted when the concentration of toxin was progressively diminished by heat inactivation. The toxic agent is slowly inactivated by heating at 56°C., but is effective long after infectivity and hemagglutinating ability have been destroyed. In this respect the agent differs from rickettsial and lymphogranuloma venereum virus toxins. The method described may be of value in studying the physiological effects of other toxic agents.
Mode-locking of lasers

The evolution of the theory of mode-locking over the last three and a half decades is reviewed and some of the salient experiments are discussed in the context of the theory. The paper ends with two-cycle pulses of a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser.
On low power operations during Spirit's third winter on Mars

The Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Project is operating two Martian robotic rovers, Spirit and Opportunity.1 2 The primary mission duration included 90 Martian days (or “sols” as the team calls them) for each rover to explore the Martian surface. The project is currently enjoying a fifth successful year of operating both rovers on Mars, as several extended missions have been approved. Both of the rovers get their electrical power from solar arrays and store excess energy in batteries. Both operate in the southern hemisphere of Mars. Both share similar seasons, but Spirit is further away from the equator than Opportunity, and Spirit has collected more dust on its solar array panels. Opportunity gathers so much solar array power each sol that the trade-offs to be considered in daily operations focus around science gathering versus data storage and telemetry downlink limitations. Opportunity's ability to gather science on Mars is data bound, as it shunts excess power every sol. Spirit, on the other hand, gathers less solar array energy on its solar panels, because of its position relative to the equator and because of the relatively worse dust accumulation on top of its solar panels. For Spirit, daily operations are also typically data bound. But in the deepest of winter, the daily operations trade-offs pit science versus power, and telemetry downlink versus power. As Spirit's solar array power falls lower and lower, survival of the instruments and spacecraft become the primary focus during winter operations.
Ferromagnetic Resonance Magnon Distribution in Yttrium Iron Garnet

The presence of excited magnons results in a shift of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency. Calculations of this frequency shift have been made by retaining terms in the Hamiltonian up to fourth order in the spin wave variables. The shift can be expressed in terms of the number of excited k = 0 magnons and k≠0 magnons. Determination of this shift can then be used to study the magnon distribution during resonance. This frequency shift has been measured in four single-crystal yttrium iron garnet spheres at 9 Gc. The shifts are observed to be directly proportional to the rf power absorbed by the sample, positive when the dc magnetic field is in [100] direction, and negative when the dc magnetic field is in the [111] direction. These results require a distribution of k ≠ 0 magnons dominated by magnons with 48°<θk<60°. If it is assumed that the k≠0 magnons are degenerate with the k = 0 magnons, the total number of k≠0 magnons is approximately equal to the number of k = 0 magnons, and magnons in the region centered about k = 1 – 2×105 cm−1 dominate. This result is in agreement with a prediction of the surface pit scattering model; namely, the relaxation of the k = 0 magnons results in the production of k≠0 magnons with wavelength approximately equal to the pit size. The results are in disagreement with any model requiring a uniform distribution of degenerate modes.
Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railway Loan A Case Study of the Rights Recovery Movement

During the first decade of the twentieth century, foreign residents in China observed a noticeable change in the temper of the Chinese people. It was more than a change in mood, but a wave of activities, a dynamic force aimed at the recovery of China's sovereign rights. The movement was so intense that Japanese diplomats in Peking called it the ‘rights recovery fever’. Sir Ernest Satow, British minister in China, remarked that the movement was a manifestation of ‘the consciousness of national solidarity, which is entirely a new phenomenon in China’.
Differential fermentation of cellulose allomorphs by ruminal cellulolytic bacteria

In addition to its usual native crystalline form (cellulose I), cellulose can exist in a variety of alternative crystalline forms (allomorphs) which differ in their unit cell dimensions, chain packing schemes, and hydrogen bonding relationships. We prepared, by various chemical treatments, four different alternative allomorphs, along with an amorphous (noncrystalline) cellulose which retained its original molecular weight. We then examined the kinetics of degradation of these materials by two species of ruminal bacteria and by inocula from two bovine rumens. Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 were similar to one another in their relative rates of digestion of the different celluloses, which proceeded in the following order: amorphous > IIII > IVI > IIIII > I > II. Unlike F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens did not degrade cellulose II, even after an incubation of 3 weeks. Comparisons of the structural features of these allomorphs with their digestion kinetics suggest that degradation is enhanced by skewing of adjacent sheets in the microfibril, but is inhibited by intersheet hydrogen bonding and by antiparallelism in adjacent sheets. Mixed microflora from the bovine rumens showed in vitro digestion rates quite different from one another and from those of both of the two pure bacterial cultures, suggesting that R. flavefaciens and F. succinogenes (purportedly among the most active of the cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen) either behave differently in the ruminal ecosystem from the way they do in pure culture or did not play a major role in cellulose digestion in these ruminal samples.
Low specificity and high false-positive rates limit the usefulness of the STRATIFY tool and clinical judgement in predicting falls in older patients in an acute hospital setting

Commentary on: J Webster, M Courtney, N Marsh, et al.. The STRATIFY tool and clinical judgment were poor predictors of falling in an acute hospital setting. J Clin Epidemiol2010;63:109–13.
Outcomes of Patients With Esophageal Cancer Staged With [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET): Can Postchemoradiotherapy FDG-PET Predict the Utility of Resection?

Purpose To determine whether [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) can delineate patients with esophageal cancer who may not benefit from esophagectomy after chemoradiotherapy. Patients and Methods We reviewed records of 163 patients with histologically confirmed stage I to IVA esophageal cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy with or without resection with curative intent. All patients received surgical evaluation. Initial and postchemoradiotherapy FDG-PET scans and prognostic/treatment variables were analyzed. FDG-PET complete response (PET-CR) after chemoradiotherapy was defined as standardized uptake value ≤ 3. Results Eighty-eight patients received trimodality therapy and 75 received chemoradiotherapy. Surgery was deferred primarily due to medical inoperability or unresectable/metastatic disease after chemoradiotherapy. A total of 105 patients were evaluable for postchemoradiotherapy FDG-PET response. Thirty-one percent achieved a PET-CR. PET-CR predicted for improved outcomes fo...
Immersed boundary method for plasma simulation in complex geometries

The immersed boundary method is a powerful tool for plasma simulation in complex geometries. A brief description of the method is provided and results from a paradigmatic simulation are reported. An advanced color graphics interface, based on an advanced visual system (AVS), is used to highlight the relevant aspects of the simulation.
Living with Prostate Cancer: One Gay Man's Experience

SUMMARY The author, a gay man diagnosed with prostate cancer at age 48, describes his experience deciding on a course of treatment and coping with sexual dysfunction following a prostatectomy. His experience was made more difficult by ignorance in the medical community, the straight community and the gay community. Frustrated by the absence of a source of fully accepting and understanding support, he started his own support group for gay men with prostate cancer.
Adhering to the Risk and Need Principles: Does It Matter for Supervision-Based Programs?

IN THE PAST 20 YEARS, there has been a re-emergence of interest in the effectiveness of correctional treatment programs for offenders. This interest has led to the development of the principles of effective interventions (Gendreau, 1996; Gendreau, French, & Taylor, 2002). Research has now shown a link between these program characteristics and effectiveness (Andrews & Dowden, 1999; Lipsey & Wilson, 1995; Gendreau, 1996; Lowenkamp, 2004: Lowenkamp, Latessa, and Smith, 2006). However, most of these studies have examined traditional residential treatment programs. Therefore, the question remains: Do these principles apply to community non-residential programs such as intensive supervision probation? The current study examines the effects of program characteristics on recidivism using a sample drawn from community non-residential programs to determine if the risk and need principles apply to traditional supervision-oriented programs such intensive supervision probation, electronic monitoring, day reporting, and work release.
Here Today. . . Gone Tomorrow

A 42-year-old woman presented with ptosis of the left upper lid and limitation of elevation and adduction of the left eye. Neuroimaging revealed a left cavernous sinus lesion which on biopsy proved to be a meningioma. She was symptomatically stable for three weeks until she had spontaneous elevation of her left upper lid and resolution of her diplopia over the course of one day. Spontaneous improvement of a neurologic deficit is generally considered evidence against an underlying tumor; however, it should not rule out the possibility that a tumor is present.
A safe velocity tracking controller for AHS platoon leaders

A velocity tracking controller for platoon leaders in the PATH automated highway system (AHS) architecture is presented. This controller keeps the state of the platoons inside a safety region in such a way that high velocity impacts between platoons are avoided, even in the presence of single lane disturbances. When safety is not compromised, the controller keeps the acceleration and jerk of the vehicles in a platoon within comfort limits. This controller can be applied to all of the four leader control laws used in the regulation layer of the architecture. Therefore transitions between control laws are also made safe.
Para-arytenoid Cartilage Pseudodiverticulum Formation as a Sequela of Endotracheal Intubation

Abstract Context.—Laryngotracheal injury secondary to endotracheal intubation results from ischemic necrosis, which develops within hours of intubation, with injury severity increasing with duration of intubation. Postextubation and postmortem observations demonstrate that laryngotracheal injury still occurs in a large number of intubated patients. Objective.—To demonstrate laryngeal injury, specifically pseudodiverticulum formation, as a result of intubation. Design.—A total of 41 autopsy cases from February 1970 to February 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had been intubated during their hospital course and had an endotracheal tube in place at the time of death. Continuous endotracheal intubation ranged from several hours to 33 days. Results.—The earliest manifestations of laryngeal injury occurred within hours and included hyperemia, edema, and ovoid mucosal lesions over the arytenoid and inner posterolateral cricoid cartilages. Within 48 hours, superficial epithelial denudation progres...
The Center for Alaska Native Health Research Study: a community-based participatory research study of obesity and chronic disease-related protective and risk factors.

Objectives. To describe the background, approach and general results of the Center for Alaska Native Health Research (CANHR) study. Study Design. This was a cross-sectional Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) study with one tribal group to assess risk and protection for obesity and the risk factors related to chronic disease, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Methods. A combination of biological, genetic, nutritional and psychosocial measurements were taken on 9�� Alaska Native participants in ten communities in Southwestern Alaska. The paper reports on data from 753 adult participants. Results. The prevalence of type � diabetes is �.�% in the sample population. Metabolic syndrome is significantly lower among the males and equal for females when compared with Caucasians in the NHANES III sample. Obesity among adults is now at the national average. Risk factors for chronic disease include a shift to a Westernized diet, stress, obesity and impaired fasting glucose and protective factors include high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary intake. Articles in this issue present specific results in these areas. Conclusions. The data strongly indicate that, in general, Yup'ik people in our study are metabolically healthy and that diet and life style provide a delicate combination of protective and risk factors. The results strongly indicate that solution focused research (1) utilizing primary and secondary prevention strategies may provide evidence for how to intervene to prevent further increases of chronic diseases. Research that focuses on relating the intrinsic strengths of indigenous worldviews and practices with basic research may contribute to positive transformations in community health. (Int J Circumpolar Health 2007; 66(1):8-18)
Additive Particles under Stress

Additive particles are so-called because they express that the predication holds for at least one alternative of the expression in focus (here, Pia). This is presupposed; for example, it remains an entailment when the sentence is put in the scope of a modal expressing possibility, as in It may be that Peter also invited PiaF for dinner. In (1), I added the presupposed parts in parentheses (cf Horn (1969) for presupposition and assertion of grading particles). Exclusive particles presuppose that the predication holds for the expression in focus, and assert that it does not hold for any alternative. Scalar particles assert that the predication holds for the expression in focus, and presuppose that this predication is prima facie less likely than the alternative predications. We can represent things schematically as follows:
Pathways for biomass‐derived lignin to hydrocarbon fuels

Production of hydrocarbon fuel from biomass-derived lignin sources with current vision of biorefinery infrastructure would significantly improve the total carbon use in biomass and make biomass conversion more economically viable. Thus, developing specialty and commodity products from biomass derived-lignin has been an important industrial and scientific endeavor for several decades. However, deconstruction of lignin's complex polymeric framework into low molecular weight reactive moieties amenable for deoxygenation and subsequent processing into hydrocarbons has proven challenging. This review offers a comprehensive outlook on the existing body of work that has been devoted to catalytic processing of lignin derivatives into hydrocarbon fuels, focusing on: (i) the intrinsic complexity and characteristic structural features of biomass-derived lignin; (ii) existing processing technologies for the isolation and depolymerization of bulk lignin (including detailed mechanistic considerations); (iii) approaches aimed at significantly improving the yields of depolymerized lignin species amenable to catalytic upgrading; and (iv) catalytic upgrading, using aqueous phase processes for transforming depolymerized lignin to hydrocarbon derivatives. Technical barriers and challenges to the valorization of lignin are highlighted throughout. The central goal of this review is to present an array of strategies that have been reported to obtain lignin, deconstruct it to reactive intermediates, and reduce its substantial oxygen content to yield hydrocarbon liquids. In this regard, reaction networks with reference to studies of lignin model compounds are exclusively surveyed. Special attention is paid to catalytic hydrodeoxygenation, hydrogenolyis, and hydrogenation. Finally, this review addresses important features of lignin that are vital to economic success of hydrocarbon production. Published in 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: indications for long-term anticoagulation.

Primary antiphospholipid syndrome, defined as the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies with recurrent thrombosis in patients who have no clinical or serologic features of systemic lupus erythematosus, is now a medically recognizable and treatable disorder. 1 The syndrome is associated with a high incidence of recurrent arterial and venous occlusions, with cerebrovascular thrombi occurring second in frequency only to deep vein thrombi.2 Current recommendations are to screen for antiphospholipid antibodies in all patients younger than 45 years (even those with risk factors for thromboses) who have had a thrombotic event, as well as in patients who have clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus or who have had more than two miscarriages.3 The case presented here illustrates the challenge and importance of recognizing primary antiphospholipid syndrome in a family practice.
Exposing the Alkanesulfonate Monooxygenase Protein-Protein Interaction Sites.

The alkanesulfonate monooxygenase enzymes (SsuE and SsuD) catalyze the desulfonation of diverse alkanesulfonate substrates. The SsuE enzyme is an NADPH-dependent FMN reductase that provides reduced flavin to the SsuD monooxygenase enzyme. Previous studies have highlighted the presence of protein–protein interactions between SsuE and SsuD thought to be important in the flavin transfer event, but the putative interaction sites have not been identified. Protected sites on specific regions of SsuE and SsuD were identified by hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. An α-helix on SsuD containing conserved charged amino acids showed a decrease in percent deuteration in the presence of SsuE. The α-helical region of SsuD is part of an insertion sequence and is adjacent to the active site opening. A SsuD variant containing substitutions of the charged residues showed a 4-fold decrease in coupled assays that included SsuE to provide reduced FMN, but there was no activity observed with an SsuD variant containi...
Analytical Devices Based on Direct Synthesis of DNA on Paper

This paper addresses a growing need in clinical diagnostics for parallel, multiplex analysis of biomarkers from small biological samples. It describes a new procedure for assembling arrays of ssDNA and proteins on paper. This method starts with the synthesis of DNA oligonucleotides covalently linked to paper and proceeds to assemble microzones of DNA-conjugated paper into arrays capable of simultaneously capturing DNA, DNA-conjugated protein antigens, and DNA-conjugated antibodies. The synthesis of ssDNA oligonucleotides on paper is convenient and effective with 32% of the oligonucleotides cleaved and eluted from the paper substrate being full-length by HPLC for a 32-mer. These ssDNA arrays can be used to detect fluorophore-linked DNA oligonucleotides in solution, and as the basis for DNA-directed assembly of arrays of DNA-conjugated capture antibodies on paper, detect protein antigens by sandwich ELISAs. Paper-anchored ssDNA arrays with different sequences can be used to assemble paper-based devices capa...
Information for Patients and Safety Considerations

The proper execution of Mohs surgery requires proper planning. Both patient and physician alike must be adequately prepared for the procedure in order to optimize outcomes and enhance safety. For the Mohs surgeon, this entails maximizing the preoperative visit, where the patient can be properly assessed for any conditions or comorbidities that may pose a real or potential risk to the patient during or after the procedure. The Mohs surgeon should be well versed on safety issues commonly encountered in skin cancer patients, such as cardiovascular complications, antibiotic prophylaxis for infections, anticoagulation issues, and anesthesia safety. Patients should also be educated about the procedure as well as their role in postoperative care. Staff must also be informed about office safety protocols and should be trained on how to respond to potential office emergencies.
The management of locally advanced prostate cancer

The current management of locally advanced prostate cancer generally involves treatment with radiotherapy, hormone therapy or a combination of both. Of particular importance when choosing the type and duration of treatment is the patient's risk category, which predicts the risk of subclinical metastases based on prostate-specific antigen level, Gleason score and tumor stage. A breakout group at the PROstart 2002 workshop, charged with discussing this topic, concluded that hormone therapy is a recommended component of disease management and may improve survival, and that radiotherapy should be combined with neoadjuvant and or adjuvant hormone therapy.
Regional allocation of biomass to U.S. energy demands under a portfolio of policy scenarios

The potential for widespread use of domestically available energy resources, in conjunction with climate change concerns, suggest that biomass may be an essential component of U.S. energy systems in the near future. Cellulosic biomass in particular is anticipated to be used in increasing quantities because of policy efforts, such as federal renewable fuel standards and state renewable portfolio standards. Unfortunately, these independently designed biomass policies do not account for the fact that cellulosic biomass can equally be used for different, competing energy demands. An integrated assessment of multiple feedstocks, energy demands, and system costs is critical for making optimal decisions about a unified biomass energy strategy. This study develops a spatially explicit, best-use framework to optimally allocate cellulosic biomass feedstocks to energy demands in transportation, electricity, and residential heating sectors, while minimizing total system costs and tracking greenhouse gas emissions. Comparing biomass usage across three climate policy scenarios suggests that biomass used for space heating is a low cost emissions reduction option, while biomass for liquid fuel or for electricity becomes attractive only as emissions reduction targets or carbon prices increase. Regardless of the policy approach, study results make a strong case for national and regional coordination in policy design and compliance pathways.
Subcellular distribution of sodium pump isoform subunits in mammalian cardiac myocytes.

The cardiac Na+ pump (Na+ -K+ -ATPase) provides the driving force for the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, a determinant of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Three Na+ pump alpha-catalytic subunit isoforms are express...
Endoscopic Stent Placement and Suturing: Management of Gastrointestinal Anastomotic Leaks

Endoscopic therapies have evolved significantly over the past decade and allow for intervention in the management of anastomotic dehiscence in both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy allows for recognition and various management techniques in the treatment algorithm and should be considered a first-line approach for selected patients to avoid the morbidity of reoperation.
Problematic Aspects of Fania Fénelon’s Testimony in Playing for Time

In this chapter, Eischeid synopsizes the major concerns. Aspects of false promotion, misrepresentations of the personality and character of the other musicians, and their initial response to Fenelon’s work, are explored. Resources utilized in the critical analysis of the memoir are detailed, as is input from 17 other members of the orchestra. Data utilized includes live interviews, personal correspondence, archival testimonies, press coverage, documentary footage, annotated copies of Fenelon’s memoir, and correspondence with descendants.
Adolescent Brain Development

Adolescence is a time of significant social, emotional, and cognitive change. This chapter will review the literature on neurobiological changes that underlie these behaviors. We begin by operationalizing adolescence, then review how the conceptual frameworks and empirical studies in the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience have contributed to understanding this important developmental window and conclude by discussing the translational value of the basic science and implications for real-world applicability. Keywords: adolescence; socio-emotional; cognitive; brain development
Lyn Kinase Supports Primary Erythroid Progenitor Cell Development.

Several lines of investigation have implicated Lyn as an important positive effector of red cell development: Deregulated Src kinases promote erythroleukemia, and Lyn is the predominant Src kinase of erythroid cells; as critical erythropoietic factors, Kit and the Epo receptor each stimulate Lyn kinase; and in an insightful set of investigations in J2E cells, Lyn has been shown to be required for Epo-dependent late erythroid development. Based on these considerations, adult bone marrow-derived primary erythroid progenitor cells from Lyn −/− mice presently were assessed for their ex vivo growth, survival and differentiation potentials. Lyn −/− erythroid progenitors expanded efficiently in serum-free media, and showed essentially wild-type Epo dose-dependent proliferative responsiveness. When transferred to BSA/insulin/transferrin differentiation medium, however, Lyn −/− erythroid progenitor cells clearly faltered in their development to Ter119-high, CD71-low erythroblasts. For these Lyn −/− cells, annexin-V binding studies revealed that this defect was associated, in part, with a stage-specific loss in survival potential. Interestingly, however, this defect was not Epo-dose dependent. In addition, MACS-isolated Kit-positive early erythroid progenitor cells prepared from Lyn −/− mice (unlike preparations from wild-type mice) failed to support synergistic effects of SCF-plus-Epo in 3HdT incorporation assays. In response to phenylhydrazine, Lyn −/− mice exhibited expanded erythroid progenitor cell pools (including BFUe and CFUe), and this hyper-expansion may occur in response to the compromised survival of late Lyn −/− erythroblasts. Analyses of pp60-Src expression revealed elevated levels of activated PY416-Src specifically in Lyn −/− EPC, a finding that is consistent with the activation of apparent compensatory mechanisms. In contrast, no significant changes in the levels of GATA1 or other assessed erythroid defining factors were detected. In response to phenylhydrazine, Lyn −/− mice showed ≥2-fold enhanced splenomegaly, as well as enhanced frequencies of BFUe, CFUe and Ter119(+) cells. Overall, these studies in primary erythroid progenitor cells from Lyn −/− mice reveal a previously undiscovered positive role for Lyn as a late-stage specific positive effector of erythroid cell survival, and regulator of Epo receptor and Kit co-signaling.