cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Social Context of Organized Nonbelief: County‐Level Predictors of Nonbeliever Organizations in the United States

Many recent social scientific studies have noted that the percentage of Americans with no religious affiliation is on the rise, but few have examined the nonbeliever organizations that some of these “nones” might join. This study uses an original data set, the first attempt at documenting the population of local nonbeliever organizations in the United States, to explore where these groups are more likely to flourish. Though one might assume that less religious counties, as measured by the percentage of those with no stated religious affiliation, would be more likely to contain nonbeliever organizations, this article provides evidence that they emerge more frequently and in greater numbers in counties with proportionally more evangelical Protestants. The percentage of evangelicals among a county's population is strongly associated with both the existence (dichotomously coded) and the number of nonbeliever organizations, even when controlling for a range of demographic and institutional factors.
Ovarian Cancer Therapeutic Opportunities

Among women in the United States, ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths, accounting for approximately 5% of all cancer deaths, with an estimated 22,280 new cases this year [1]. There are 239,000 new diagnoses and 152,000 deaths from the disease in 2012 worldwide. The four most common subtypes of ovarian cancer are serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous carcinoma based on distinct clinical and biological behaviors. Over 60% of ovarian cancer cases are diagnosed at a late stage of distant metastases or invasion due to lack of effective screening for detection. Currently, the standard treatment approach for patient with ovarian cancer is surgical intervention followed by platinum-based drugs plus taxane chemotherapy [2,3]. The 5-year survival rate for ovarian cancer patients with stage III or IV disease is under 20%. No effective therapy is available for relapsed or metastatic disease that has failed first-line chemotherapy [4]. However, this landscape may change because of the remarkable progress in precision medicine and cancer immunotherapy.
Training Paraprofessionals to Target Socialization in Students With ASD: Fidelity of Implementation and Social Validity

Although the literature suggests that it is feasible to train paraprofessionals to effectively implement social interventions for students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), there is a paucity of research that addresses the social validity of these programs. The present study replicated and extended previous research on paraprofessional training, as well as assessed social validity. Our results suggest that (a) paraprofessionals can be trained to fidelity using a package consisting of lecture and performance feedback, (b) there are collateral gains for paraprofessionals following the training, (c) the social interactions between students with ASD and typically developing peers improve following paraprofessional training, and (d) there is strong social validity in regard to acceptability of the training program. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Students of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists

The Committee on Graduate Student Participation was formed in 1984 with the mission to “deal with the matter of how graduate students can become more involved in Society affairs”. Well before this time, however, graduate students were an active part of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists membership. With mentorship and encouragement from senior members, graduate students have received career-building grants, served on multiple committees, and worked to engage in the Society in novel and meaningful ways. Herein, we review reflections of past award winners, initiatives stemming from graduate students themselves, and a summary of the attendance and fundraising that graduate students have brought to the Society.
Toward the Design of Less Hazardous Chemicals: Exploring Comparative Oxidative Stress in Two Common Animal Models.

Sustainable molecular design of less hazardous chemicals presents a potentially transformative approach to protect public health and the environment. Relationships between molecular descriptors and toxicity thresholds previously identified the octanol–water distribution coefficient, log D, and the HOMO–LUMO energy gap, ΔE, as two useful properties in the identification of reduced aquatic toxicity. To determine whether these two property-based guidelines are applicable to sublethal oxidative stress (OS) responses, two common aquatic in vivo models, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), were employed to examine traditional biochemical biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and total glutathione) and antioxidant gene activation following exposure to eight structurally diverse industrial chemicals (bisphenol A, cumene hydroperoxide, dinoseb, hydroquinone, indene, perfluorooctanoic acid, R-(−)-carvone, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide). Bisphenol A, cumene hydroperoxide, dinose...
Primary iris leiomyoma

Intraocular leiomyomas are uncommon and usually occur in the ciliary body. Primary leiomyoma of the iris is both rare and a difficult diagnosis to make, given melanocytic tumors are more common and may be amelanotic. The somewhat controversial diagnosis of iris leiomyoma requires further confirmation by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Herein, we describe a 58-year-old man with a 2-mm round translucent pink lesion of the iris. The tumor was excised by sector iridectomy. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for both smooth muscle actin and desmin and negativity for S-100, HMB45, SOX10, MelanA, CD31, CD34, and h-caldesmon. Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor was excluded by chromogenic in situ hybridization-Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA. Ultrastructural analysis showed cytoplasmic myofilaments with focal fusiform densities and micropinocytotic vesicles. Our review of previous literature confirmed the unusual nature of this tumor. Primary iris leiomyoma should be considered in the differential of an amelanotic S-100-immunonegative iris tumor.
Leakage Potential of Swelled Cans of Low-Acid Foods Collected from Supermarkets1

The objective of this study was to determine the potential for leakage of swelled cans of low-acid foods. Using a vacuum leak test, 294 (38.5%) of 764 containers tested were found to have leaks. Most leakage detected by the vacuum test was located in the canner's end area (73.5%). The lap area at the side seam-double seam junction was the specific location that had the highest incidence of leakage. Can seam measurement data indicated that insufficient seam tightness was one of the primary double seam defects. It was not possible to account for double seam leakage from the individual seam measurement data. Therefore, a scoring system was developed to give a single number that included interactions of the double seam measurements. Seam measurement scores indicated that 55% of the cans had double seams of poor or questionable quality which were judged as having a potential for leakage. The results of the vacuum leak test indicated that in 26% of the cans there was potential for leakage at points other than the double seam. Therefore, a total of 81% of the swelled cans showed a potential for leakage.
Didática aplicada aos conteúdos sobre o Meio Ambiente na E. E. F Profª Iva Emidio Gondim na Cidade de Juazeiro do Norte-CE

O tema proposto para este trabalho refere-se a um estudo sobre como sao trabalhadas as questoes ambientais na escola. A tematica abordada no âmbito da escola publica na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte e os desafios pertinentes a este modelo, sobre tudo, visando sempre a participacao coletiva. A educacao encontrou ao longo do tempo praticas que aperfeicoaram a aprendizagem colocando o professor e a familia, esta mesmo que de forma pouco contundente na ardua missao de conscientizacao sobre os atos de preservacao do meio ambiente o qual encontra-se tao degradado na atualidade. A pesquisa foi realizada na E. E.F Professora Iva Emidio Gondim localizada na zona urbana da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte-CE. Foram coletados os dados cuja analise encontram-se neste trabalho. Contudo, constatou-se de fato que os professore trabalham a conscientizacao ambiental, sobretudo afirmando que eles tem grande responsabilidade na formacao cidada pelo bom exemplo que podem dar as outras pessoas e, sobretudo tomar entendimento acerca das consequencias e o que podem fazer para preservar o meio ambiente, disseminando tal conhecimento para sociedade.
Exploration of highly accelerated magnetic resonance elastography using high-density array coils.

Background: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) measures tissue mechanical properties by applying a shear wave and capturing its propagation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By using high density array coils, MRE images are acquired using single echo acquisition (SEA) and at high resolutions with significantly reduced scan times. Methods: Sixty-four channel uniplanar and 32×32 channel biplanar receive arrays are used to acquire MRE wave image sets from agar samples containing regions of varying stiffness. A mechanical actuator triggered by a stepped delay time introduces vibrations into the sample while a motion sensitizing gradient encodes micrometer displacements into the phase. SEA imaging is used to acquire each temporal offset in a single echo, while multiple echoes from the same array are employed for highly accelerated imaging at high resolutions. Additionally, stiffness variations as a function of temperature are studied by using a localized heat source above the sample. A custom insertable gradient coil is employed for phase compensation of SEA imaging with the biplanar array to allow imaging of multiple slices. Results: SEA MRE images show a mechanical shear wave propagating into and across agar samples. A set of 720 images was obtained in 720 echoes, plus a single reference scan for both harmonic and transient MRE. A set of 2,950 wave image frames was acquired from pairs of SEA images captured during heating, showing the change in mechanical wavelength with the change in agar properties. A set of 240 frames was acquired from two slices simultaneously using the biplanar array, with phase images processed into displacement maps. Combining the narrow sensitivity patterns and SNR advantage of the SEA array coil geometry allowed acquisition of a data set with a resolution of 156 µm × 125 µm × 1,000 µm in only 64 echoes, demonstrating high resolution and high acceleration factors. Conclusions: MRE using high-density arrays offers the unique ability to acquire a single frame of a propagating mechanical vibration with each echo, which may be helpful in non-repeatable or destructive testing. Highly accelerated, high resolution MRE may be enabled by the use of large arrays of coils such as used for SEA, but at lower acceleration rates supporting the higher resolution than provided by SEA imaging.
Surgical Quality and Patient Safety in Rural Settings

There has been much needed attention regarding access to surgical care in resource-poor countries, however, there are also millions of individuals in the USA who lack access to surgical services. Twenty to 25 % of US citizens reside in rural areas but only 10–15 % of physicians practice in these areas. The relative lack of surgeons in rural areas is expected to worsen over the next decade as rural surgeons currently in practice retire.
Mapping the Curricular Structure and Contents of Network Science Courses

As network science has matured as an established field of research, there are already a number of courses on this topic developed and offered at various higher education institutions, often at postgraduate levels. In those courses, instructors adopted different approaches with different focus areas and curricular designs. We collected information about 30 existing network science courses from various online sources, and analyzed the contents of their syllabi or course schedules. The topics and their curricular sequences were extracted from the course syllabi/schedules and represented as a directed weighted graph, which we call the topic network. Community detection in the topic network revealed seven topic clusters, which matched reasonably with the concept list previously generated by students and educators through the Network Literacy initiative. The minimum spanning tree of the topic network revealed typical flows of curricular contents, starting with examples of networks, moving onto random networks and small-world networks, then branching off to various subtopics from there. These results illustrate the current state of consensus formation (including variations and disagreements) among the network science community on what should be taught about networks and how, which may also be informative for K–12 education and informal education.
Opioid Medications in the Management of Chronic Abdominal Pain.

Chronic abdominal pain is a complex medical condition. The causes of chronic abdominal pain are extremely diverse ranging from chronic pancreatitis, Crohn’s disease, to chronic pain with no clear etiology. Treatment of chronic abdominal pain remains a challenge in our clinical practice. While current interventions with celiac plexus blocks and pain medications provide some relief for these patients, but these treatments are typically less efficacious and limited by various adverse effects. Opioid medications are commonly used to manage chronic pain syndromes that are refectory to other pain management interventions. The potential problems related to opioids include misuse, abuse, constipation, nausea pruritus, et al. Moreover, according to the recent centers for disease (CDC) control report, opioid abuse has reached epidemic proportions in the USA (LJ P. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2016) and accounted for 28,000 deaths in 2014. Rudd et al. (MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64(50–51):1378–82, 2016) Given this current situation, it is apparent that a careful review of clinical evidences supporting the use of opioid medications is necessary to guide our treatment approaches in the management of complex chronic abdominal pain patients. This review is set out to analyze efficacy of opioid medications for chronic abdominal pain. The literature referenced was obtained via a computer search with Google Scholar, Pubmed, Medline, and EMbase. The search terms used included Opioid, Oxycodone, Buprenorphine, Morphine, Fentanyl, Oxymorphone, Hydromorphone, chronic abdominal pain, Crohn’s disease, and pancreatitis. All studies were considered eligible for inclusion if they were clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of opioid medications for chronic abdominal pain. Two studies were found according to these criteria. Chronic abdominal pain is a challenging medical condition in our daily practice. This condition often requires opioid medications when other treatments fail. This review provided very limited clinical evidence to support long-term opioid use for chronic abdominal pain. Given recent CDC report of opioid epidemic, it is prudent to use the best medical practice with appropriate evaluation of psychological comorbidities, urine drug screening, prescription drug monitor, and opioid treatment agreements to minimize adverse side effects related to opioids. Furthermore, well-designed clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of long-term use of opioid medications, and more clinical research on which opioid medication is more effective for chronic abdominal pain.
A Multiprocess Mixture Model to Estimate Space-Time Dimensions of Weekly Pricing of Certificates of Deposit

The spatial dimension of banking markets is often discussed in the banking and finance literature, but neglected in empirical studies of behavior by depository institutions. As Anselin and Griffith (1988) point out, neglect of spatial aspects of economic behavior is not unusual, even by those working in regional science. Traditional depository institution regulatory policy, based on a structural analysis of local markets, generally operates under the assumption of the U.S. banking system as a collection of segmented markets versus an integrated national banking system. From this perspective, banks and thrifts in local regions have little or no effect on the pricing decisions of firms operating in other localities. In the deregulated banking environment of the 1980s, some bank retail deposit markets may be better characterized as operating in such a way as to generate spatial effects. As of October 1983, all depository institutions were permitted to offer competitive market rates on interest-sensitive deposits, including retail certificates of deposit (CDs). In turn, many institutions, particularly large banks, have used national advertising and brokers to attract large retail (insured) deposits from other regions. With greater deregulation and competition for deposit funds and increased reliance of banks on interest-sensitive deposits, significant spatial effects in the deposit-rate setting decisions of banks across regions might be expected. The presence or lack of spatial effects in regional bank markets is important to bank managers, analysts, and regulators in terms of defining relevant markets and measuring the competitive effects of greater deregulation.
A comparative study of mid-market IT customers in China and U.S.

Many companies are realizing the economic benefit of localizing products designs. Comparative studies are often used to obtain information needed to support these localized designs. Our experience with one such study revealed that it is also necessary to localize the study design itself. Additionally, results of this study indicate that there are significant differences in the structure and use of IT staff in the U.S. and China.
Vertical diel dynamic of fish assemblage associated with an artificial reef (Northern Adriatic Sea)

The vertical diel activity of a fish assemblage inhabiting the Senigallia artificial reef (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy) was evaluated from July to November 1996 using enhanced hydroacoustic techniques. Extensive seabed mapping of the area was done using a multibeam echosounder to obtain background imagery of the reef structures and identify the most suitable locations for placing stationary acoustic transducers. Three acoustic transducers were placed inside the reef area, while a fourth was located in the open sea outside the area. Data analysis was conducted on three different depth layers: surface, midwater and bottom. In each layer, diel fish biomass inside the reef showed two peaks, one in the early morning and the other in the late evening. Slightly different behaviour was observed outside the protected area. Comparison of the layers showed that fish biomass was not homogeneously distributed along the water column throughout the sampling period. There were high values in the middle and bottom layers until the end of August. However, no significant biomass variations in time were observed outside the reef where low values were always recorded in each layer.
El sistema general de participaciones en el proceso de descentralización fiscal en Colombia

En la Constitucion Politica de 1991 se establecio formalmente una norma rectora para la distribucion de recursos y competencias entre los diferentes niveles del gobierno, lo que permitio fortalecer el proceso de descentralizacion fiscal en el pais; sin embargo, la base de liquidacion de las transferencias planteada originalmente fue modificada a traves de reformas constitucionales que se materializaron en los Actos Legislativos 01 de 2001 y 04 de 2007, que respectivamente crearon y consolidaron el Sistema General de Participaciones (SGP). De estas reformas se desprendieron elementos de discusion que son importantes debatir desde la optica de la academia, motivo por el cual es pertinente plantear un estudio cuyo proposito sea determinar el papel que ha desempenado el (SGP) en el proceso de descentralizacion fiscal del pais.
Fractional Factorial Designs: The Basics

This chapter presents the essential ideas of regular fractional factorial designs. Its sections are as follows: Section 5.1. Initial Fractional Factorial Example Section 5.2. Introduction to Regular Fractional Factorial Designs Section 5.3. Basic Analysis of Regular Fractional Factorial Designs Following this introductory chapter on fractional factorials are six more chapters with additional details and examples. Regarding notation for factors, sometimes we identify factors using subscripts (e.g., x1 for the first factor). In other cases, it is more convenient to avoid the use of subscripts, in which case we will label coded factors using bold uppercase letters or numerals (e.g., A or 1).
Observational Cosmology 1920–1985: An Introduction to the Conference

The history of modern cosmology has been divided into two periods. The primary discovery phase extended from 1920 to ∿1950 when most of the classical tests were developed. The subsequent consolidation period from 1950 to ∿1980 saw a deeper understanding of the tests and the introduction of concepts of stellar populations that led to estimates of evolutionary trends with look-back time. The only test not affected by evolutionary effects is the comparison of the Hubble time, Ho -1, with independent estimates of the age of the Universe. The N(m), m(z), θ(z), θ(m), and Ho To (qo, Λ) tests are reviewed as they have been discussed in the archive literature. The problem of observational bias is emphasized, as is the difficult recent search for secular evolutionary effects. Current problems which have prospects for solutions in the next decades are set out in the final section.
Spatiotemporal variability underlying skill in curved-path walking.

Abstract Background Daily life walking frequently involves curved paths. While mean gait characteristics and orientation of the body during curved path walking have been described, little has been reported about spatiotemporal variability during curved path walking and its relation to the motor skill of walking in older adults. Research question Among community-dwelling older adults, is greater spatiotemporal variability during curved path walking related to better curved path walking ability? Methods Community dwelling older adults (n = 34) completed the Figure-of-8 Walk Test (F8W, a measure of curved path walking ability) and usual straight path walking on an instrumented walkway. Standard deviations for step length, stride width and step time (step length variability, SLV, stride width variability, SWV, step time variability, STV) during both conditions were determined, along with time and number of steps to complete F8W. Associations were examined with Pearson r correlation coefficients, regressions determined contributions of variability during curved path walking to F8W performance, and AUC analyses were used to determine the ability of variability during curved path walking to distinguish better vs poorer F8W performance. Results F8W time and steps were negatively associated with both SLV (r’s = −0.37, p Significance Greater spatial variability, particularly SWV, was associated with better motor skill of curved path walking. It is important for clinicians to understand the variables that contribute to successful performance of complex walking tasks as these can be targets for rehabilitation. The findings suggest that practice of adjustment of stride width and step length during walking are important.
Genomics: Stickleback is the catch of the day

Whole-genome sequences from a marine fish that has adjusted to life in fresh water give hints about general genetic mechanisms that drive the evolution of adaptations to new environmental niches. See Article p.55 Threespine sticklebacks have become a powerful model for studying the molecular basis of adaptive evolution. This paper presents a high-quality reference genome sequence, along with genomes of 20 further individuals from a global set of marine and freshwater populations. Genomic analysis reveals that reuse of globally shared standing genetic variation plays an important part in repeated evolution of distinct stickleback populations, and in the maintenance of divergent ecotypes during early stages of reproductive isolation. The data are consistent with an important role for regulatory changes during parallel evolution of marine and freshwater sticklebacks.
Could a Non-Rebreathing Mask or Simple Mask Be Used to Deliver Inhaled Nitric Oxide During Cardiac Catheterization Vasodilator Challenges

Background: Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) is commonly used during cardiac catheterization to help diagnose whether pulmonary hypertension is fixed or reactive to vasodilators. We have typically delivered nitric oxide in this setting via a non-rebreathing mask connected to the bagger blender with a sample line monitoring the dose delivers. The manufacturer does not recommend this. However the manufacturers recommendation is to use a fairly complex circuit with multiple parts and connectors. This somewhat takes away the time benefit of using INO in this setting. The risk of using the non-rebreather in this setting is the potential for the build up of nitrogen dioxide in the reservoir bag. We decided to test whether NO2 buildup occurs at the dose and flow that we use in our cardiac cath lab, via non-rebreathing mask and simple mask. Methods: The Inomax DSIR plus was used to deliver the nitric oxide. The non-rebreather was connected to the bagger via a barbed sample line adapter. The simple mask was connected in the same manner. For each mask the flow was set to 14 L/min. For the non-rebreather mask, gas was sampled at the blender, inside the mask and at the bottom of the reservoir bag. For the simple mask, the gas was sampled at the adapter and inside the mask. Nitric oxide, NO2, and oxygen were sampled at doses of 20, 40 and 60 ppm, the typical doses used during cardiac catheterization. Results: The measured nitrogen dioxide was less than or equal to 0.5 ppm in the simple mask. The measured nitrogen dioxide in the non-rebreather was Conclusions: Based on the results of this bench test, there is a small risk using the non-rebreather at higher doses given that the NO2 was much higher in the reservoir bag. This could become more problematic is the clinician accidentally used too low of a flow. We recommend changing our practice to using a simple mask to reduce the risk of NO2 build up in the reservoir bag. More tests should be performed at different flows.
Meeting FACES: Preliminary Findings from a Community Workshop for Minority Parents of Children with Autism in Central North Carolina.

In North Carolina (NC), there are many resources designed to support the needs of children with autism and their families, and yet a troubling gap in underserved families’ access to those services. To address this gap, the Meeting FACES workshop was designed to: (a) provide an opportunity for parents, educators, and service providers to build partnerships, (b) provide parents with opportunities to learn about available autism services in their communities, and (c) assess the needs of underrepresented families of children with autism in NC. Findings indicate that minority families of children with autism in central NC require more supports to access and navigate services. Additionally, participants were very satisfied with Meeting FACES and were interested in participating in future FACES programming.
Game of Trons: Normatrons and Positrons Contribute to Economic Design

Is Economic Design a Normative or a Positive Agenda? This paper provides some thoughts about this question. Readers should feel free to disagree with all of them.
Multi‐pathway multi‐echo acquisition and neural contrast translation to generate a variety of quantitative and qualitative image contrasts

PURPOSE Clinical exams typically involve acquiring many different image contrasts to help discriminate healthy from diseased states. Ideally, 3D quantitative maps of all of the main MR parameters would be obtained for improved tissue characterization. Using data from a 7-min whole-brain multi-pathway multi-echo (MPME) scan, we aimed to synthesize several 3D quantitative maps (T1 and T2 ) and qualitative contrasts (MPRAGE, FLAIR, T1 -weighted, T2 -weighted, and proton density [PD]-weighted). The ability of MPME acquisitions to capture large amounts of information in a relatively short amount of time suggests it may help reduce the duration of neuro MR exams. METHODS Eight healthy volunteers were imaged at 3.0T using a 3D isotropic (1.2 mm) MPME sequence. Spin-echo, MPRAGE, and FLAIR scans were performed for training and validation. MPME signals were interpreted through neural networks for predictions of different quantitative and qualitative contrasts. Predictions were compared to reference values at voxel and region-of-interest levels. RESULTS Mean absolute errors (MAEs) for T1 and T2 maps were 216 ms and 11 ms, respectively. In ROIs containing white matter (WM) and thalamus tissues, the mean T1 /T2 predicted values were 899/62 ms and 1139/58 ms, consistent with reference values of 850/66 ms and 1126/58 ms, respectively. For qualitative contrasts, signals were normalized to those of WM, and MAEs for MPRAGE, FLAIR, T1 -weighted, T2 -weighted, and PD-weighted contrasts were 0.14, 0.15, 0.13, 0.16, and 0.05, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Using an MPME sequence and neural-network contrast translation, whole-brain results were obtained with a variety of quantitative and qualitative contrast in ~6.8 min.
Bipedicle-Conjoined Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flaps for Unilateral Breast Reconstruction in Overweight and Obese Patients: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Risks?

Background Some surgeons have advocated for the use of bipedicle-conjoined deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps in unilateral autologous breast reconstruction in thin patients in whom a hemiabdominal flap is deemed insufficient. There have been no studies to date, however, exploring complication rates for bipedicle-conjoined DIEP flaps for unilateral reconstruction in overweight or obese patients. Methods The authors performed a retrospective review of two senior authors' patients from 2013 until 2018. In this time period, 71 patients underwent unilateral breast reconstruction with bipedicle-conjoined DIEP flaps. The patients were divided into normal weight (body mass index [BMI] 25, n = 41) groups. Outcomes were reviewed for both major and minor complications. Results The average BMI of the normal group was 23.1 ± 1.3 kg/m2, while the average BMI of the overweight/obese group was 28.9 ± 4.0 kg/m2 (p There were no statistically significant differences in the overall incidence of major or minor complications between the two groups (major: overweight/obese = 12.1%, normal BMI = 10.0%, p = 0.39; minor: overweight/obese = 39.0%, normal BMI = 36.7%, p = 0.47). The rate of moderate fat necrosis was significantly higher in the overweight/obese group (overweight/obese = 9.8%, normal BMI = 0%, p = 0.04). Conclusion Unilateral breast reconstruction with bipedicle-conjoined DIEP flaps can be performed safely in overweight and obese patients. The use of bipedicle-conjoined DIEP flaps in this population allows surgeons to provide overweight or obese patients with reconstructions that are commensurate with their body habitus and/or contralateral breast.
Adult Ventricular Septal Defect Repair Using a Robotic Totally Endoscopic Approach: A Case Report:

The growth and advancement of minimally invasive cardiac surgery in recent years has allowed robotic and totally endoscopic procedures to become safe and effective options for the treatment of patients with various diseases of the heart. However, despite these advances, outcome data for robotic correction of congenital cardiac anomalies are scarce. This is particularly true for robotic ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair with initial experiences only recently having been published by a single group. Here, we present the case of a 29-year-old female who underwent robotic totally endoscopic VSD repair due to persistent symptoms with resolution of preoperative shunting and severe tricuspid regurgitation following surgery. This unique case adds to the limited data currently available in the literature on robotic VSD repair to show that it is a safe procedure when performed by a dedicated surgical team experienced in minimally invasive robotic cardiac surgery. We feel that, in this setting, the benefits of a robotic surgical approach can be afforded to more patients with excellent results.
Merchants, Monarchs, and Sixteenth-Century Atlantic Exploration: New Insight into Henry VIII’s Planned Voyage of 1521

In 1521 Henry VIII of England and Cardinal Wolsey requested the Worshipful Company of Drapers and other London guilds to assist in a westward voyage. After the Drapers’ repeated refusal to contribu...
An Optimal Temperature Regulation Strategy for a Multi-Unit Building

Fair power allocation for temperature regulation in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of a multi-unit building is investigated in this paper. The temperature of each unit is described by a discrete-time dynamic equation, taking into account the effect of outside temperature as well as heat-transfer between the adjacent rooms. Temperature regulation is then formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where the objective is to maintain the temperature of each unit within a prescribed thermal comfort zone with the limited amount of power. An optimal control strategy is presented to minimize the maximum mutual temperature difference between different units (long-term fairness) while maintaining the temperature of each unit in the comfort zone or close to it at all times, as much as possible (short-term fairness). Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in regulating the temperature of every unit in a building.
Avoidable Mortality: The Mediating Role of Communication in Health IT

The adoption of health IT transforms communication between care providers and patients. Unfortunately, research on the transformation of communication has produced conflicting results, creating tension regarding its efficacy among healthcare professionals. Upon closer examination of prior research models, we find that nurse and physician communication performance mediate the relationship between health IT implementation and patient outcomes. We test the mediating role of communication with a hospital-level data set spanning 2011 through 2015. The specific health information technologies we investigate include EMR documentation, computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems, clinical decision support (CDS) systems, and health information exchanges (HIE). Our results provide that EMR documentation, CPOE, and HIE directly improve communication between care providers and patients as well as patient outcomes. Further, nurse-patient and physician-patient communication mediates the relationship between health IT implementation and patient outcomes. The mediating effect extends the positive benefits to patient outcomes following technology implementation. We also find that increasing nurses and physicians’ communication with patients directly improves mortality, satisfaction, and loyalty. Surprisingly, CDS negatively affects communication and patient outcomes. Our findings contribute to the information systems and healthcare literatures by demonstrating the need to account for the multidimensional nature of healthcare and by providing context for the positive and negative effects previously discovered. Furthermore, the results offer practical and theoretical implications for leveraging specific health IT adoption and for realigning federal incentive structures for hospitals.
Microsurgical management of a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm in a 41-day-old infant.

Abstract A pseudoaneurysm of the proximal right brachial artery is rare, with most caused by penetrating or blunt trauma. We report the case of a 41-day-old patient with a large iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm of the right brachial artery that had been induced by a puncture lesion during peripherally inserted central catheter placement for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The patient was successfully treated with a multidisciplinary approach, that consisted of direct excision of the pseudoaneurysm, followed by microvascular direct anastomosis. The patient was discharged with no complications, and complete exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm was confirmed at the 2-year follow-up examination.
Responses of Florida Scrub Vegetation to Water Additions from a Groundwater Treatment Project and to Hurricane Disturbance

Florida scrub is a fire-maintained shrub vegetation of well-drained, sandy soils; dominant species include several species of Quercus and Serenoa repens. In a remediation project, treated groundwater was distributed through an exfiltration gallery into intact scrub. We established eight permanent line-intercept transects (15 m length) in the site in April 2002, four close to the exfiltration gallery and four more distant from it. We sampled vegetation, <0.5 m and ≥0.5 m, along each transect and measured vegetation height at four points (0, 5, 10, 15 m) annually through 2019. The initial phase of the project operated from October 2002 to early March 2004 (494 days) and distributed 1.74 × 108 L of water. The final phase of the project occurred from March 2005 through August 2008 (1,251 days) and distributed 1.90 × 108 L of water. Pumping raised the water table near the exfiltration gallery. Vegetation height did not differ between the near and far transects initially. Vegetation height increased in the near transects by 2004 with the greatest percent change in 2003 and 2004 as did total cover ≥0.5 m. Total cover <0.5 m and bare ground were similar initially in the near and far transects and declined in the near transects by 2004. Scrub species, particularly the dominant scrub oaks, increased height and cover in response to water additions with no loss of dominant scrub species and no establishment of mesophytes. Hurricane Frances (September 2004) reduced cover ≥0.5 m the following year. Hurricane Matthew (October 2016) and Hurricane Irma (September 2017) caused greater damage including breaking limbs as reflected in reduced height and total cover ≥0.5 m probably because the older, taller scrub was more vulnerable to wind damage.
Nuclear-Powered Aircraft Carrier Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

In 1996, to find ways to reduce operating costs as well as the costs of future acquisitions, the Navy began to assess various design concepts for a new class of aircraft carriers and to analyze life-cycle costs, not just the acquisition costs, as life-cycle cost implications were complex and would significantly impact current and future budgets. The acquisition decisions for the next-generation aircraft carrier, CVX, would largely be determined on the basis of a life-cycle cost review of the current class of nuclear-powered carriers. Students will apply their understanding of the key elements of life-cycle costing to review the basic life-cycle costs associated with nuclear-powered aircraft carriers. Excerpt UVA-C-2282 Nuclear-Powered Aircraft Carrier Life-Cycle Cost Analysis In 1996, to find ways to reduce operating costs as well as the costs of future acquisitions, the Navy began to assess various design concepts for a new class of aircraft carriers and to analyze life-cycle costs, not just the acquisition costs. Life-cycle cost implications were complex and would significantly impact current and future budgets. The acquisition decisions for the next-generation aircraft carrier, CVX, would largely be determined on the basis of a life-cycle cost review of the current class of nuclear-powered carriers. You have just reported to your assignment in PEO Carriers and have been asked to dive into the life-cycle cost data for CVN-68 and provide feedback and fresh ideas regarding the analysis and implications for future carriers. You picked up your notes from the Navy Corporate Business Course you attended at the Darden School of Business last year and refreshed your understanding of the key elements of life-cycle costing to review the basic life-cycle costs associated with nuclear-powered aircraft carriers. . . .
Effects of Heatsink Application and PCB Design Variations on BGA Solder Joint Reliability

The ever-increasing performance demand on advanced semiconductor devices such as networking processors has been driving the continued growth of body size, complexity, and power consumption of these devices. For thermal management, new thermal interface materials may be needed and some of these materials require higher pressure to achieve the desired thermal performance. On the printed circuit board side, both layer count and thickness are increasing for new systems and a new generation of materials is also needed. All of these factors pose new challenges to solder joint reliability and the fatigue life models require fresh assessment and validation. In this work, we use finite element simulation to investigate and correlate the reliability performance of solder joints in near-product designs in multiple configurations. In the first configuration, the effects of heatsink loading are evaluated. Strain and stress distribution in the solder joints arrays will be analyzed. The results will be used to interpret real-life testing results from both configurations, one with heatsink and one without. Secondly, PCB materials from the same electrical performance group are evaluated. The same component is mounted on three PCB materials with identical layout and all assemblies are tested with the same temperature cycling test. Lifetime differences will be discussed and compared with simulation results. Lastly, effects of PCB thickness will be evaluated in a similar fashion where two thicknesses are tested and compared, again using the same component test vehicle and acceleration testing condition. Results from these studies will provide realistic assessment of solder joint reliability in some of the most challenging application conditions and will be important for improving field lifetime models. For component and system qualification, these data will also help identify important areas of focus to ensure qualification tests are properly executed.
Educator Practices and Perceptions of Integrating Sustainability and Food Systems Concepts Into Elementary Education: Comparative Case Study in Two Northwestern States in the United States

Elementary education can equip future consumers and leaders with the systems thinking skills, real-world experiences, and knowledge to make decisions and lead progress towards sustainability transitions. The implementation of learning standards that focus on sustainability is one approach for integrating sustainability and food systems content into elementary education. The purpose of this study was to administer a survey with elementary-level educators to: (1) identify practices and perceptions of integrating sustainability and food systems concepts into the classroom; and (2) determine if practices and perceptions vary based on the presence of state learning standards focused on sustainability. A total of 171 educators completed the majority of the survey from two northwestern states in the United States: Washington (which has state learning standards focused on sustainability) and Montana (which does not have sustainability learning standards). Findings that 30% or less of the surveyed educators integrate sustainability and food systems content in their classroom highlights the urgent need for reforming elementary school curriculum to integrate sustainability as a central unifying framework to support societal and planetary health. Given the similarities in survey responses between educators in Washington and Montana, findings emphasize that state learning standards focused on sustainability are not adequate on their own to foster teacher adoption of sustainability content. There is thus a need for larger curriculum reformation to integrate sustainability as a framework, development of place-based teacher resources, and open access professional development to ensure that elementary-school students cultivate the systems thinking skills, real world experience, and knowledge that will allow them to develop the competencies to ultimately guide society towards meeting the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.
Characterization of a Mouse β1-Adrenergic Receptor Genomic Clone

ABSTRACT A β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) clone, designated Clone 5, was isolated from a BALB/c mouse liver genomic library screened at low stringency with a human brain β2AR cDNA probe. Sequence an...
Crafting 3D faces using free form portrait sketching and plausible texture inference

In this paper we propose a sketch-based interface for drawing and generating a realistic 3D human face with texture. The free form sketch-based interface allows a user to intuitively draw a portrait as in traditional pencil sketching way. Then, the user's drawing is automatically reshaped to an accurate natural human facial shape with the guidance of a statistical description model, and an artistic-style portrait rendering technique is used to render the work-in-progress face sketch. Furthermore, with additional user-specified information, e.g., gender, ethnicity, and skin tone, a realistic face texture can be synthesized for the portrait through our probabilistic face texture inference model. Lastly, the textured portrait will be further used to construct a realistic 3D face model by the 3D morphable face model algorithm. Through our preliminary user evaluations, we found that with this system, even novice users were able to efficiently craft a sound 3D realistic face within three minutes.
Sheltered No More: The U-Visa Revocation Statute Undermines Congress’s Purpose of Victim Protection

Created by Congress in 2000, the U-Visa is a life-saving nonimmigrant visa for victims of crime that occurred to them in the United States. Congress’s recognition that immigrant victims face insurmountable obstacles escaping an abuser led to their dual-prong purpose for the U-Visa to protect victims and prosecute criminals. However, with full discretion in the hands of local law enforcement to provide the mandatory law enforcement certification of a victim’s crime and her cooperativeness, police have the power to grant or deny certification at their will not matter if the victim has satisfied all criteria for the U-Visa application. While many legal scholars have discussed the overly broad discretion given to law enforcement over the U-Visa application process by the U-Visa regulations created in 2009, none have discussed the equally appalling parallel broad discretion granted to law enforcement to revoke a U-Visa based upon trivial, inconsequential, or nonexistent reasoning. This excessively broad power in the hands of law enforcement to revoke U-Visas not only violates Congress’s original dual-purpose for the U-Visa, but it also places victims right back into a state of vulnerability and into the hands of their abusers.Congress’s dual purpose for the U-Visa could be restored by several changes to the U-Visa regulations. Requiring mandatory notice of intention to revoke a U-Visa to be given to a petitioner’s advocate or lawyer, extending the thirty-day rebuttal process to sixty days for a victim to respond to a notice of revocation, and clarifying the revocation provision of U-Visa regulation statute to avoid ambiguity and consequential abuse of power all assuage the overly broad power in the hands of law enforcement. Making such changes will enable law enforcement to continue prosecuting criminals while realistically fulfilling Congress’s purpose of protecting victims by not only allowing adequate time for a victim to learn of a law enforcement agency’s intention to revoke a visa, but also permitting a realistic time frame for her to rebut her case to the USCIS.