cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Male response to historical and geographical variation in bird song

In many species, individuals discriminate among sexual signals of conspecific populations in the contexts of mate choice and male-male competition. Differences in signals among populations (geographical variation) are in part the result of signal evolution within populations (temporal variation). Understanding the relative effect of temporal and geographical signal variation on signal salience may therefore provide insight into the evolution of behavioural discrimination. However, no study, to my knowledge, has compared behavioural response to historical signals with response to current signal variation among populations. Here, I measured the response of male white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) to historical songs compared with current songs from their local population, a nearby non-local population and a distant population. Males responded most strongly to current local songs, less, but equally, to historical local and current non-local songs, and least to songs of the distant population. Moreover, response to both temporal and geographical variation in song was proportional to how much songs differed acoustically from current local songs. Signal evolution on an ecological time scale appears to have an effect on signal salience comparable to differences found between current neighbouring populations, supporting the idea that behavioural discrimination among learned signals of conspecific populations can evolve relatively rapidly.
A 19-Base Pair Deletion Polymorphism in Dihydrofolate Reductase Is Associated with Increased Unmetabolized Folic Acid in Plasma and Decreased Red Blood Cell Folate

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) catalyzes the reduction of folic acid to tetrahydrofolate (THF). A 19-bp noncoding deletion allele maps to intron 1, beginning 60 bases from the splice donor site, and has been implicated in neural tube defects and cancer, presumably by influencing folate metabolism. The functional impact of this polymorphism has not yet been demonstrated. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of the DHFR mutation with respect to folate status and assess influence of folic acid intake on these relations. The relationship between DHFR genotype and plasma concentrations of circulating folic acid, total folate, total homocysteine, and concentrations of RBC folate was determined in 1215 subjects from the Framingham Offspring Study. There was a significant interaction between DHFR genotype and folic acid intake with respect to the prevalence of high circulating unmetabolized folic acid (defined as >85th percentile). Folic acid intake of ≥500 μg/d increased the prevalence of high circulating unmetabolized folic acid in subjects with the deletion (del/del genotype (47.0%) compared with the wild type (WT)/del (21.4%) and wild type (WT)/WT genotypes (24.4%) (P for interaction = 0.03). Interaction between the DHFR polymorphism and folic acid intake was also seen with respect to RBC folate (P for interaction = 0.01). When folic acid intake was <250 μg/d, the del/del genotype was associated with significantly lower RBC folate (732.3 nmol/L) compared with the WT/WT genotype (844.4 nmol/L). Our results suggest the del/del polymorphism in DHFR is a functional polymorphism, because it limits assimilation of folic acid into cellular folate stores at high and low folic acid intakes.
Providing controversial health care: Abortion services since 1973

Half of the 6.4 million pregnancies annually in the US are unintended and half of these result in 1.6 million abortions/year. When abortion was legalized in 1973 it was assumed that hospitals would provide the service. In fact only 1040 of the nations 5401 non-Catholic hospitals currently offer abortions (a decline from 1687 in 1976). By 1988 64% of abortions occurred in specialized clinics with another 22% taking place in clinics which offer other services. Among the 2600 providers 20% perform over 1000 abortions/year (80% of the total). 40% of the clinics offer middle and late second-trimester abortions with 60% of late abortions (> 20 weeks since the last menstrual period [LMP]) occurring in clinics or doctors offices. The overall safety record for all abortion services has been excellent (0.6 deaths/100000 procedures from 1980-87). However many women face a problem of access to the service; 31% of women of reproductive age live in counties with no provider. In 1988 6% of abortion-seekers traveled outside of their home state 33% traveled to another county 9% of women traveled more than 100 miles and 18% traveled 50-100 miles. This shortage of providers has increased and in some clinics physicians are flown in from out-of-state. A cause of continuing concern is that 11% of abortions occur in the second trimester with 4% after 15 weeks since the LMP. A survey of these women revealed that almost 50% were delayed by the difficulty in making arrangements for the procedure (transportation finding a provider funding). The largest proportion 71% were late in recognizing their pregnancy. Since 42% of obstetrician-gynecologists in private practice surveyed in 1983 stated that they do not provide abortions (41% for moral or religious reasons) the scarcity of providers is not surprising. This situation is made worse by the harassment of anti-abortion activists. In 1988 81% of clinics performing at least 400 abortions/year had been picketed; for 46% the picketing involved physical contact for 38% the demonstrations resulted in arrests 36% had bomb threats 34% vandalism and 17% picketing of the homes of staff members. In addition to these problems the renumeration for abortions is very low. An abortion which cost $165 in 1976 should cost $474 today but in fact costs $251. Physicians still receive the same amount per abortion (about $50). These fees which are too low to provide a financial incentive for physicians nevertheless provide a barrier for poor women especially since the fees for second trimester abortions are much higher (over $900 at 20 weeks since the LMP). This means that lack of Medicaid coverage for abortion is the most serious abortion access issue. The problem of funding will also have to be faced by any universal health insurance plan so that the need for referral approval or screening is minimized. A further access problem is the increasing number of restrictions placed on abortion-seekers which may be difficult and expensive for smaller clinics to comply with. This will likely continue the trend toward fewer larger clinics.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between mexiletine and propafenone in human beings

Background and objective Mexiletine and propafenone are often used concomitantly and are metabolized by the same cytochrome P450 isozymes, namely CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and probably CYP3A4. Our objective was to study the potential pharmacokinetic and electrophysiological interactions between mexiletine and propafenone. Methods Fifteen healthy volunteers, 8 extensive metabolizers and 7 poor metabolizers of CYP2D6, received oral doses of mexiletine 100 mg two times daily from day 1 to day 8 and oral doses of propafenone 150 mg two times daily from day 5 to day 12. Interdose studies were performed at steady-state on mexiletine alone (day 4), mexiletine plus propafenone (day 8), and propafenone alone (day 12). Results In subjects in the extensive metabolizer group, coadministration of propafenone decreased oral clearances of R-(−)-mexiletine (from 41 ± 11 L/h to 28 ± 7 L/h) and S-(+)-mexiletine (from 43 ± 15 L/h to 29 ± 11 L/h) to an extent such that these values were no longer different between the extensive and the poor metabolizer groups. Propafenone coadministration also decreased partial metabolic clearances of mexiletine to hydroxymethylmexiletine, p-hydroxymexiletine, and m-hydroxymexiletine in extensive metabolizers by 71%, 67%, and 73%, respectively. In contrast, propafenone did not alter the kinetics of mexiletine enantiomers in subjects in the poor metabolizer group except for a slight decrease in the formation of hydroxymethylmexiletine. Pharmacokinetic parameters of propafenone were not changed during concomitant administration of mexiletine in subjects of either phenotype. Finally, electrocardiographic parameters (QRS duration, QTc, RR, and PR intervals) were not modified during the combined administration of the drugs. Conclusion Propafenone is a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor that may cause an increase in plasma concentrations of coadministered CYP2D6 substrates. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2000) 68, 44–57; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2000.108023
Functional Analysis of Posttranslational Cleavage Products of the Neuron-Glia Cell Adhesion Molecule, Ng-CAM

Neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule (Ng-CAM) mediates cell adhesion between neurons homophilically and between neurons and glia heterophilically; it also promotes neurite outgrowth. In the chick brain, Ng-CAM is detected as glycoproteins of 190 and 210 kD (Ng-CAM200) with posttranslational cleavage products of 135 kD (F135, which contains most of the extracellular region) and 80 kD (F80, which includes the transmembrane and the cytoplasmic domains). To examine the functions of each of these components, we have expressed Ng-CAM200, F135, and F80 in murine L cells, and F135 and F80 as GST fusion proteins in the pGEX vector in bacteria. Appropriately transfected L cells expressed each of these proteins on their surfaces; F135 was also found in the media of cells transfected with Ng-CAM200 and F135. In addition to binding homophilically, cells transfected with Ng-CAM200 and F135 bound heterophilically to untransfected L cells, suggesting that there is a ligand for Ng-CAM on fibroblasts that may be related to the glial ligand. Detailed studies using the transfected cells and the fusion proteins indicated that both the homophilic and the heterophilic binding activities of Ng-CAM are localized in the F135 fragment of the molecule. The results also indicated that proteolytic cleavage of Ng-CAM200 is not required either for its expression on the cell surface or for cell adhesion and that there is an "anchor" for F135 on L cells (and presumably on neurons). In contrast to the cell binding results, the F80 but not the F135 fusion protein enhanced the outgrowth of neurites from dorsal root ganglion cells; this activity was associated with the FnIII repeats of F80. The observations that a protein corresponding to F135 contains the cell aggregation sites whereas one corresponding to the F80 has the ability to promote neurite outgrowth suggest that proteolytic cleavage may be an important event in regulating these Ng-CAM activities during embryonic development and neural regeneration.
Comparison of spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted and gradient-echo T1-weighted images at 3T in evaluating very preterm neonates at term-equivalent age.

SUMMARY: Term-equivalent imaging can assess myelination status in very preterm infants ( P
CHAPTER 4 – Invariant Statistical Decision Problems

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the problems regarding invariant statistical decision. The invariance principle involves groups of transformations over the three spaces around which decision theory is built: (1) the parameter space, (2) the action space, and (3) the sample space. The sample space is assumed to be a subset of n-dimensional Euclidean space En. A parameter θ for a family of distributions is said to be identifiable if distinct values of θ correspond to distinct distributions. The chapter discusses the invariant nonrandomized decision rules. An important property of an invariant decision rule is that the risk function of an invariant decision rule δ is constant on orbits. The chapter examines whether randomized invariant rules and behavioral invariant rules are equivalent in the sense that for every randomized invariant rule there is a behavioral invariant rule with the same risk function and conversely. However, this is not the case, and behavioral invariant rules are more general than randomized invariant rules.
Effect of acclimatization to altitude on susceptibility of mice to influenza A virus infection.

Summary1. Mice acclimatized to a simulated altitude of approximately 20,000 feet for 3 weeks are more resistant to artificially induced infection with the PR8 strain of influenza A virus than (a) normal control mice, (b) mice similarly exposed to altitude but given three weeks of recovery at normal atmospheric pressures prior to infection, and (c) mice made anemic by standardized hemorrhage, the latter 3 groups showing no significant difference in susceptibility. 2. Altitude acclimatized mice maintained at simulated altitude for the postinfection period are significantly more resistant than those maintained at normal atmospheric pressures. 3. There is some indication that these results are due to a metabolic disturbance which accompanies adaptation to altitude as shown by a reduction in the citric acid content of lung tissue of these animals compared to that of normal mice which reduces the animal's capacity for virus synthesis.
Tectonite and Mélange— A Distinction

Metamorphic tectonite is a rock in which the fabric elements reflect the history of deformation. S- and B-tectonites are rocks characterized by planar and linear fabric elements, respectively, in which the fabric elements were produced by flow in the solid state. SF-tectonite (defined herein) is a metamorphic rock with planar fabric elements that were produced by fracture and (or) shear along a pervasive set of subparallel surfaces. Melange is a rock body; albeit many melanges contain tectonites, the presence of exotic blocks in a fragmented matrix–not the presence of tectonites–is the main criterion supported here for distinguishing a melange from other rock units.
CORTICOLOUS MYXOMYCETES IV: BADHAMIOPSIS, A NEW GENUS FOR BADHAMIA AINOAE

on the basis of a number of collections made from the bark surface of living trees. Yamashiro's collecting was concentrated in southern Kyisyf, all of the specimens of B. ainoae coming from the village of Takarabe in Kagosima Prefecture which lies at the southern foot of Mt. Kirisima. This area is located in the subtropical zone of Japan. For many years this species was known only from the type locality until Brooks (1967) noted its occurrence in Arkansas, Kansas, Kentucky, and Tennessee, and Kowalski and Curtis (1968) reported it from California. More recently, Keller (1974) reported it as being quite common and abundant in Florida on the bark of living Juniperus silicicola (Small) Bailey. A total of 39 collections of B. ainoae from 10 states indicates that as a corticolous myxomycete it is widespread and quite abundant on living trees. Indeed, wherever red cedars are common and ample rainfall occurs during the months of July, August, and September, B. ainoae can be expected.
STUDIES OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF MUS. II. POLYMORPHISM AT THE T LOCUS.

Studies of a number of natural populations of the house mouse, Mus musculus, by Dunn and his collaborators (Dunn and Morgan, 1953; Dunn, 1955; Dunn and Suckling, 1956; Dunn, Beasley, and Tinker, 1960; Anderson, 1964) have revealed the existence of a widespread polymorphism at the T locus. This polymorphism consists of a series of alleles which are concerned with the development of axial structures in the caudal region of the mouse. These alleles, the t-alleles, are divided into two major groups depending on their effect in the homozygous condition. Some of the t-alleles, when present in the homozygous condition (t/t) result in prenatal mortality and are described as lethals. Other t-alleles in the homozygous condition cause only male sterility, all homozygotes being viable. In view of the selective disadvantage of the t-alleles, their ubiquity is unexpected. The major force keeping these alleles in natural populations is an abnormal transmission ratio which favors the t-bearing sperm of heterozygous (+/t) males (Dunn, 1957). Since polymorphism at the T locus is widespread in natural populations of Mus musculus, an examination of the t-alleles was included in this study to support conclusions about breeding structure reached from data on other loci (Petras, 1965, 1967). In the process, information was obtained about: (1) the frequency of t-alleles in wild populations, (2) the fluctua-
Tenderizing spent fowl meat with calcium chloride. 1. Effects of delivery method and tumbling

Abstract In this study, different methods of 0.2 M or 0.3 M CaCl2 delivery into hot-boned spent Leghorn breast fillets followed by tumbling were evaluated. The CaCl2 was delivered by adding 10% (wt/wt) solution into the tumbler, injection 10% (wt/wt) into the fillet, or soaking at room temperature for 15 min followed by soaking at 2 C for 45 min. All these treatments were subjected to either tumbling at room temperature for 1 h or no tumbling. Water injected and untreated samples served as controls. All fillets were baked and sheared with an Allo-Kramer cell. Introduction of 0.2 M CaCl2 through different delivery methods was not sufficient to improve spent fowl meat tenderness, even when followed by tumbling. When 0.3 M CaCl2 injection was followed by tumbling, the mean shear value of the hot-boned spent hen fillets was reduced to near the tenderness level acceptable to consumers. However, when tumbling was performed on the fillets treated with calcium introduced by methods other than injection, the shear values were higher than samples using the calcium injection method. Therefore, tumbling in combination with injection of 0.3 M CaCl2 is essential for maximal tenderization of spent fowl meat.
Auto Worker Militancy and the Structure of Factory Life, 1937–1955

In June 1944 the army's Industrial Services Division flew Major A. H. Raskin to Detroit for a hurried investigation of the industrial unrest that plagued the very heart of wartime America's arsenal of democracy. Raskin spoke with community, labor, and business leaders, visited the giant production facilities at Ford and Chrysler, and reviewed the records of the War Labor Board and the War Manpower Commission. War workers were unquestionably patriotic, reported Raskin, a labor journalist in civilian life, but a perplexing, defiant "mood of rebellion and irrationality" seemed to be sweeping through the million-strong work force of southeastern Michigan. The leadership of the United Automobile Workers (UAW) has found it impossible to adjust the thinking of its rank and file membership to the changed situation created by the war." As wildcat strikes and shop-floor job actions became more frequent, "a breakdown of discipline" threatened to shatter the usual pattern of factory administration and union authority. ' Militancy of the sort that so puzzled Raskin has increasingly attracted the interest of scholars concerned with the changing pattern of consciousness and activity exhibited by ordinary workers. Much research has been directed at understanding the complex relationship between rank-and-file workers and the production process in factory, mill, and office, especially in the early twentieth century when managers adopted policies of close supervision and a rationalized work flow to win greater control of the factory work environment. The rearguard battle waged by skilled workers against this process has received much attention; the resistance or accommodation of the unskilled, relatively less.2 While historians have recently begun to probe the unionization process
Forward Homework — A Motivational Tool

(1990). Forward Homework — A Motivational Tool. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 400-402.
Tripartite Regulation in the Public’s Interest: The Overlapping Roles of the DOJ, FCC, and FTC in Consolidation of the Communications Industry

Concern about the continuing media consolidation has led to questions about the regulatory process by which media consolidation is policed—and the roles of the government agencies responsible for policing. In the USA, the Federal Communications Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Antitrust Division of the US Department of Justice are the trio of federal agencies that conduct the merger review processes by which proposed consolidation is approved or denied. Their jurisdiction and corresponding authority and standards of review create regulatory overlap, viewed by some as anti-democratic, by others as inefficient, and still by others as inequitable. Concerns about phalanxes of well-heeled, “revolving door” lobbyists speak to a perceived lack of regulatory transparency and fears of skewed regulatory policies augured by inequitable access to government decision-makers.
Charge-Field Interactions in Cell Membranes and Electroconformational Coupling: Transduction of Electric Energy by Membrane ATPases

Electron and ion transports, reductions and oxidations are common chemical reactions in cellular energy transductions. These reactions involve charges and are, thus, susceptible to influence by an electric field. Many laboratories have recently discovered that electric fields in certain ranges and frequencies can stimulate DNA, RNA, and protein biosyntheses (Blank & Findl, 1987; Cleary, 1987). Enhancement and suppression of enzyme activities have also been reported (Blank & Findl, 1987). This paper will discuss our experiments in which electric fields of defined frequency and amplitude were used to activate mitochondrial ATPases of rat liver and beef heart and the (Na,K)-ATPase of human erythrocytes (see Tsong et al., 1989 for references). Electroconformational Coupling which we proposed earlier (Tsong & Astumian, 1986, 1987, 1988; Tsong et al., 1989a; Tsong, 1989; Astumian et al., 1989) will be used to explain these results. The following two papers (Astumian et al. & Robertson et al. in this volume) will elaborate the concept in greater details and analyze some simple reaction mechanisms which are relevant to the present discussion. We will also show that non-linear effects arising from the coulombic interaction of membrane proteins and an electric field are responsible for the many observed effects.
Outcomes of bedside sutureless umbilical closure without endotracheal intubation for gastroschisis repair in surgical infants.

Abstract Introduction Newborns with gastroschisis have historically undergone surgical repair under general anesthesia. Our institution recently transitioned to the sutureless umbilical closure for gastroschisis. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of bedside gastroschisis repair without endotracheal intubation. Methods A retrospective review was performed of neonates with gastroschisis who underwent sutureless umbilical closure from 2011 to 2015. Clinical characteristics and outcomes between groups were compared. Results In total, 53 infants underwent sutureless umbilical closure. Closure without endotracheal intubation was attempted in 23 (43%) babies and was successful in 15 (65%) infants. Two of the 8 patients who required intubation needed a temporary silo. Neonates successfully repaired without intubation were more premature (p Conclusion Bedside sutureless umbilical closure without intubation is feasible and effective in newborns with gastroschisis. The procedure decreases time to gastroschisis closure. Smaller and more premature neonates were more likely to be successfully closed without intubation.
Robotic-Assisted Abdomino-perineal Vesicourethral Anastomotic Reconstruction for 4.5 Centimeter Post-prostatectomy Stricture

We report surgical management of a disrupted radical prostatectomy vesicourethral anastomosis after bleeding from undiagnosed hemophilia that required re-exploration, pudendal artery embolization, and urinary diversion with nephrostomy and surgical drains. After referral, the 4.5 cm vesicourethral anastomotic defect was reconstructed with a robotic-assisted abdomino-perineal approach. Intra-abdominal robotic-assisted mobilization of the bladder and perineal mobilization of the urethra permitted a tension-free vesicourethral anastomosis while avoiding a pubectomy. Side docking of the Da Vinci Xi robot allows for simultaneous access to the perineum during pelvic minimally invasive surgery, enabling a novel approach to complex bladder neck reconstruction.
Relationships of depressive behavior and sertraline treatment with walking speed and activity in older female nonhuman primates

Depression is the most common mental health problem in aging persons and is a leading risk factor for physical disability, especially in women. Though antidepressant drugs such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are commonly prescribed, epidemiological evidence reveals mixed effects of long-term antidepressant use on physical function and activity, possibly depending on depressive status. The purpose of this preclinical trial was to determine the relationships of depressive behavior and the potential for an SSRI treatment to modulate walking speed and activity patterns in older adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). We evaluated the effects of depression and a commonly prescribed SSRI, sertraline HCl (20 mg/kg/day p.o.), on (a) walking speed, (b) accelerometry-derived activity (counts) and sedentariness (daytime 60-s sedentary epochs), and (c) observed locomotor and sedentary behaviors (% time) in adult female depressed and nondepressed monkeys (n = 42; 17.2 ± 1.8 years) during an 18 month pre-treatment phase and an 18 month treatment phase using a longitudinal, stratified placebo–control study design. Monkeys that were depressed prior to treatment (19/42) subsequently had slower walking speeds (F D [1, 38] = 4.14; p ≤ 0.05) and tended to be more sedentary during the daytime (F D [1, 38] = 3.63; p ≤ 0.06). Sertraline did not affect depressive behaviors, walking speed, accelerometry-derived physical activity or sedentariness, or time observed in total locomotor or sedentary behavior (all p > 0.10). This study provides the first experimental demonstration of relationships between nonhuman primate behavioral depression and walking speed, activity, and sedentariness and provides evidence for a lack of an effect of SSRI treatment on these phenotypes.
Pastoral psychology and christian ethics

Approaching the relation of pastoral psychology to Christian ethics through the study of a single pastoral contact, we have attempted to show how our knowledge of pastoral psychology, or lack of such knowledge, basically affects our understanding of the ethical problem in the actual situation. Conversely, we have attempted to indicate that our understanding of the true ethical problem, and therefore of what must be accomplished before it can be considered solved in any sense, enriches our understanding of pastoral psychology. If pastoral psychology were a morally neutral affair, it might be much less of a required subject than it actually is.
Exploiting Identical Generators in Unit Commitment

We present sufficient conditions under which thermal generators can be aggregated in mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulations of the unit commitment (UC) problem, while maintaining feasibility and optimality for the original disaggregated problem. Aggregating thermal generators with identical characteristics (e.g., minimum/maximum power output, minimum up/down time, and cost curves) into a single unit reduces redundancy in the search space induced by both exact symmetry (permutations of generator schedules) and certain classes of mutually nondominated solutions. We study the impact of aggregation on two large-scale UC instances: one from the academic literature and the other based on real-world operator data. Our computational tests demonstrate that, when present, identical generators can negatively affect the performance of modern MILP solvers on UC formulations. Furthermore, we show that our reformation of the UC MILP through aggregation is an effective method for mitigating this source of computational difficulty.
Study on environmental effects and regulation of foreign direct investment (fdi) in china

The environmental pressure brought by foreign direct investment (FDI) to China has been an increasingly common topic. It is the current and later policy tropism to protect environment all-sided and keep the environmental elements continual use in making use of FDI in China. Environmental effect of FDI is a "double blade sword". This paper first analyzes the environmental effects of FDI and the terms of its positive effect, and then analyzes the negative environmental impacts of FDI in China. Further, the paper empirically analyzes the impact of FDI on China s Eastern, Central, Western environment by using the panel-data model. The analysis shows that, in China, both the enlargement of FDI stock-induced economic scale and the change of FDI stock-induced economic composition deteriorate the environment, while the FDI stock-induced technology transfer improves the environment. The different environmental control degrees of each district in China resulted in that regional transfer of industrial pollution occurs on a certain degree. Analysis of results about the environmental model in the three regions is also in accordance with that of the national model. FDI produces negative effects on the three regional environments. Although the regional distributions of FDI in China decrease progressively from East to West, the environmental influence of FDI increases progressively from the East to the West. China should change the economic growth pathway, creatively adopt advanced techniques which are represented by resources-saving and environmental friendly developing modes, adjust the industrial development direction of FDI, blaze new trail in environmental control system, establish the long-term strategy and plans which are good for sustainable development. By doing these, positive environmental effect of FDI would be achieved.
Pilot points method for conditioning multiple-point statistical facies simulation on flow data

Abstract We propose a new pilot points method for conditioning discrete multiple-point statistical (MPS) facies simulation on dynamic flow data. While conditioning MPS simulation on static hard data is straightforward, their calibration against nonlinear flow data is nontrivial. The proposed method generates conditional models from a conceptual model of geologic connectivity, known as a training image (TI), by strategically placing and estimating pilot points. To place pilot points, a score map is generated based on three sources of information: (i) the uncertainty in facies distribution, (ii) the model response sensitivity information, and (iii) the observed flow data. Once the pilot points are placed, the facies values at these points are inferred from production data and then are used, along with available hard data at well locations, to simulate a new set of conditional facies realizations. While facies estimation at the pilot points can be performed using different inversion algorithms, in this study the ensemble smoother (ES) is adopted to update permeability maps from production data, which are then used to statistically infer facies types at the pilot point locations. The developed method combines the information in the flow data and the TI by using the former to infer facies values at selected locations away from the wells and the latter to ensure consistent facies structure and connectivity where away from measurement locations. Several numerical experiments are used to evaluate the performance of the developed method and to discuss its important properties.
Teaching and learning vocabulary in context: Examining engagement in three prekindergarten French classrooms

Studies have documented the contribution of vocabulary knowledge in second language acquisition and have shown the benefits of repetition, creating context, and the use of multimodal instruction across visual and verbal modalities. This study examined instructional strategies used to teach French vocabulary in an inclusive, prekindergarten foreign language exploratory (FLEX) program using data from observations, videorecordings, and assessments of student learning. Results showed that students of all ability levels were able to learn French vocabulary, although students’ scores varied across the three classrooms. Assessment results were highest in the classroom in which students received the most opportunities for repetition, engagement, and use of language in context where meaning was constructed through a community of practice. Implications of this study highlight the importance of the teacher and student engagement and the role of meaningful input.
Summary of Research: Defense Mechanisms and Their Relationship to Other Psychological Variables

The development and psychometric characteristics of the various defense measures and their interrelationships were presented in the preceding three chapters. What follows here is a summary of the substantive findings regarding the relationships between defense mechanisms and other psychological variables. The findings are grouped under seven headings: personality characteristics, psychopathology, physical pathology, gender and gender orientation, family background and relationships, cognitive functioning, and occupations/nationality. Chapter 2 provided a summary of the research findings on developmental changes in defense use, and a summary of the research findings that use the Defense Mechanisms Inventory (DMI) appeared at the end of Chapter 6.
The Claudin 11 Gene

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure, morphology, expression, organization, and function of claudin 11 gene. The claudin family can be divided into two groups on the basis of the presence or absence of introns, and a clustal analysis of the encoded proteins shows that intronless genes are more closely related to each other than to intron-containing genes. Claudin 11 was initially isolated as an oligodendrocyte-specific protein (OSP) in a differential display of dorsal versus ventral spinal cord from mice that was designed to identify genes involved in myelinogenesis. The role of claudin 11 tight junctions in CNS myelin sheaths remains uncertain, although recent data suggests a barrier function that is similar to that observed for tight junctions in many polarized epithelia. Although it is clear from mouse mutant studies that the integrity of the adhesive axoglial junctions at the paranode is paramount to normal conduction along myelinated fibers, the hypothesis developed herein makes room for claudin 11 to make an important contribution to saltatory conduction. Experiments are currently underway to test this hypothesis.
An Elaboration Strategy for the Study of Deviant Behavior

We estimate four models specifying aspects of an increasingly more inclusive multivariate explanation of deviant behavior. The practice of including additional constructs in each sequential model is an elaboration strategy we adopted for several reasons. First, the elaboration strategy begins with baseline models that are relatively simple, which permits us to simultaneously conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the latent structure of key theoretical constructs in the context of an explanatory model. This was important in the early development and specification of the model because most of the previous research did neither. If CFA was performed, it was often done on a battery of items selected and tested in isolation from other constructs. Once valid and reliable constructs were identified, they were scaled and entered into ordinary least squares (OLS) regression equations, and no further attention was given to the factor structure. However, as we discovered early in the process, the factor structure was often not isolated from the context of the explanatory model, and as many have discovered (Elliott, Huizinga, & Ageton, 1985), it is often not possible to estimate large complex explanatory models without first obtaining stable latent variables. Some researchers have mused that this is a problem with latent variable analyses. We maintain, however, that it is, instead, a problem with failing to properly construct the theoretical model. The elaboration strategy is an approach we advocate because it permits the researcher to use the methodology and theory in synergism, accomplishing both stable measurement models and meaningful explanatory models.
Pyrethroid levels in toddlers' breathing zone following a simulated indoor pesticide spray.

Application of pyrethroid insecticides in residential settings may result in children’s exposures to these chemicals and possible adverse health effects. Household dust is a recognized reservoir for pyrethroids and a potential medium for multi-route pyrethroid exposure. Young children move and play in a manner that resuspends dust, and since their breathing zone is close to the floor, they will have higher inhalation exposure to pesticide-laden dust than other age groups. Directly measuring a toddler’s exposure to household dust presents many logistic challenges. We simulated the dust resuspension induced by a toddler using a robot, which also served as a platform to collect air samples at the toddler’s breathing zone height. We performed simulated pyrethroid residential spray and dust resuspension experiments on vinyl and carpeted floors. The mean pyrethroid airborne concentrations in the stationary and mobile samples were 0.065 μg/m3 and 0.143 μg/m3 for the vinyl floor with 1 g/m2 dust loading, and 0.034 μg/m3 and 0.061 μg/m3 for the carpeted floor with 10 g/m2 dust loading, respectively. Pyrethroids concentrations in the settled dust samples were significantly lower than that measured in the stationary and mobile samples in the carpeted floor experiments. Thus, the use of stationary samples and settled dust samples may underestimate a toddler’s personal inhalation exposure to pyrethroids in residential houses.
Improving Pre-Service Teachers' Self-Efficacy on Technology Integration through Service Learning.

The paper reports an action research study that investigated pre-service teachers’ beliefs about service-learning in a Makerspace lab at an elementary school. As part of the service-learning project requirement in an Educational Technology course, the pre-service teachers were asked to work in an elementary school to provide service to the technology teacher and the school students utilizing what they had learned in the university course. The findings of the research indicated that the service-learning experience at the elementary school’s Makerspace lab had positive impact on pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy on technology competency, their beliefs in technology integration in future classroom instructions, and their understanding of the role of technology in education.
Premorbid adjustment trajectories in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A transdiagnostic cluster analysis.

Abstract Despite the overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, neurodevelopmental abnormalities are thought to be associated primarily with schizophrenia. Transdiagnostic and empirical identification of subgroups based on premorbid adjustment (PMA) may enhance understanding of illness trajectories. 160 patients with bipolar I or II disorder (BD; n = 104) or schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ; n = 56) were assessed on PMA course from childhood to late adolescence and current symptoms and functioning. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using social and academic PMA scores, resulting in three optimal clusters. Cluster 1 (n = 28 SZ, 65 BD) had normal social and academic PMA, the most education, and mildest current symptoms. Cluster 2 (n = 15 SZ, 24 BD) had normal social PMA but an impaired-declining academic course and had a greater proportion of males than Cluster 1. Cluster 3 (n = 13 SZ, 15 BD) had an impaired-stable social PMA and an impaired-declining academic course and the most severe current negative symptoms and childhood trauma. The proportions of SZ and BD diagnoses, current neurocognition, and functioning did not differ between clusters. These findings suggest shared neurodevelopmental abnormalities between SZ and BD, with subgroups exhibiting distinct PMA trajectories that cut across disorders.
A look behind the scenes of virtual reality applications

This paper concentrates on the applicability of virtual reality (VR) technology to science and engineering research. To that end, a look into the effort required to develop effective applications emphasizing software design issues is presented. The applicability and use of these issues is covered for their implementation on the CAVE virtual reality system.
Some integrals of the Dedekind $\eta$ function

Let $\eta$ be the weight $1/2$ Dedekind function. A unification and generalization of the integrals $\int_0^\infty f(x)\eta^n(ix)dx$, $n=1,3$, of Glasser \cite{glasser2009} is presented. Simple integral inequalities as well as some $n=2$, $4$, $6$, $8$, $9$, and $14$ examples are also given. A prominent result is that $$\int_0^\infty \eta^6 (ix)dx= \int_0^\infty x\eta^6 (ix)dx ={1 \over {8\pi}}\left({{\Gamma(1/4)} \over {\Gamma(3/4)}}\right)^2,$$ where $\Gamma$ is the Gamma function. The integral $\int_0^1 x^{-1} \ln x ~\eta(ix)dx$ is evaluated in terms of a reducible difference of pairs of the first Stieltjes constant $\gamma_1(a)$.
Blackness and lines of beauty in the eighteenth-century Anglophone Atlantic world

ABSTRACTThis essay recalibrates the visual signifier of blackness in eighteenth-century art to the period’s adjoining theories and visual aesthetics of lines. The uneven archive of eighteenth-centu...
Analyzing the Efficiency of Response to News Regarding Legalization of Sports Wagering

A landmark decision (Murphy v. NCAA) by the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) in 2018 ruled the federal government could not prohibit states from allowing sports wagering. While the implications of this decision are far reaching at both an industry and societal level, our study assesses the market response to information available throughout the various phases leading up to this decision by SCOTUS. The timeline of events preceding the SCOTUS decision is tracked, and stock performances of relevant, publicly traded firms are analyzed across three inflection points. Findings suggest the market failed to adequately acknowledge key events indicating the likelihood of the eventual decision by SCOTUS, instead only responding once its formal ruling was released on the final decision date. These findings raise questions about the efficiency of markets reacting to available information and the potential for investors to profit in similar future situations.
Felony and the Guilty Mind in Medieval England

This book explores the role of mens rea, broadly defined as a factor in jury assessments of guilt and innocence from the early thirteenth through the fourteenth century - the first two centuries of the English criminal trial jury. Drawing upon evidence from the plea rolls, but also relying heavily upon non-legal textual sources such as popular literature and guides for confessors, Elizabeth Papp Kamali argues that issues of mind were central to jurors' determinations of whether a particular defendant should be convicted, pardoned, or acquitted outright. Demonstrating that the word 'felony' itself connoted a guilty state of mind, she explores the interplay between social conceptions of guilt and innocence and jury behavior. Furthermore, she reveals a medieval understanding of felony that involved, in its paradigmatic form, three essential elements: an act that was reasoned, was willed in a way not constrained by necessity, and was evil or wicked in its essence.
Sensitizing the interdisciplinary team to desensitizations: An alemtuzumab case report.

IntroductionWe describe a case of alemtuzumab (Campath®) hypersensitivity requiring desensitization within the medical intensive care unit (MICU) in a patient with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.Ca...
Protein biomaterials for theranostic applications

Protein biomaterials have been used for a wide range biomedical applications due to their intrinsic biocompatibility, versatility and higher order structure. Multifunctional theranostic agents fabricated by incorporating the diagnostic modalities and drug payloads in protein nanoformulations have garnered significant attention in recent years. Protein-based theranostic agents manifest high target specificity, enhanced blood circulation and reduce reticuloendothelial system elimination. This review focuses on the fabrication of peptide- and protein-based nanoformulations for imaging guided therapy.
Integration interaction of Russia and China in the conditions of digital transformation of the economy

In the context of the active digitalization of the economic space, a fundamental transformation of thinking, methodological approaches to the development and implementation of public policy and its tools for building effective integration interaction to achieve strategic advantages in a strategic perspective is taking place. It is these circumstances that determine the relevance of the research topic. The purpose of the publication is to study the features of the integration interaction between Russia and China in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. The study is based on the modern methodology of economic analysis, performed using the deductive and inductive approaches, using the methods of comparative, structural-logical, statistical analysis. As a result of the study, it was proved that the development of long-term relations between Russia and China is based on the virtual exchange of resources in the context of the digital transformation of the economy.
Natural and synthetic probable inhibitors of endoribonuclease Nsp15 encoded by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Computer modeling approach. p-coumaric acid, Curcumin and their Boronic acid derivatives

Abstract Based on the structural and biochemical characterization of endoribonuclease Nsp15 in crystal structure, I am providing probable inhibitors of this enzyme. In this report I intent to signal that is possible to inhibit these enzymes by the use of naturaral occurring compound and their boronic acid derivatives, compounds with boronate B(OH)2 groups. Boronic acids are atracted to serine side chains in the active site of serine proteases. Actual lab tests need to be conducted, nevertheless I venture here to propose four compounds: p-coumaric acid, Curcumin and their boronic acid derivatives with the use of computer modeling. I used AutoDock Vina, UCSF Chimera 1.12, DeepView / Swiss-Pdb Viewer, Sulp3.0, PubChem, MDL Isis Draw 2.5, OpenBabelGUI 2.2.3, and Microsoft word pad. As hardware I used a VAIO loptop with Intel Core i5 with Window 8.0, and a Dell loptop Inspiron E 1405 with an Intel Core Duo with Windows Xp.
Does a Multidisciplinary Approach to Invasive Breast Cancer Care Improve Time to Treatment and Patient Compliance

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate whether comprehensive multidisciplinary care (cMDC) for breast cancer patients affected time from diagnosis to treatment, compliance with appointments and to assess for racial disparities. Methods This institutional review board approved retrospective study included adult patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between February 2015 and February 2017 and treated at an academic health system where the cMDC program was implemented in February 2016. The cMDC and non-cMDC groups as well as black and white patients were compared to assess time from diagnosis (date of pathology result indicating invasive breast cancer) to treatment (date of surgery or chemotherapy). Compliance was measured by appointments characterized as “no shows” or “canceled due to personal reasons” in the electronic medical record. Results Of 541 patients (419 cMDC and 122 non-cMDC), mean time from diagnosis to treatment was significantly longer for blacks than whites in the non-cMDC group (46.9 ± 64.6 days vs 28.2 ± 14.8 days, p = 0.024) and the cMDC group (39.9 ± 34.1 days vs 31.4 ± 16.3 days, p = 0.001). Of 38 (7.2%) patients who started treatment > 60 days after diagnosis, 25 (65.8%) were black. Implementation of cMDC significantly improved patient compliance (missed appointments 4.9 ± 7.6 non-cMDC vs 3.2 ± 4.6 cMDC, p = 0.029). Conclusion Use of cMDC for invasive breast cancer at our institution highlighted an area for improvement for care administered to blacks and improved patient compliance with appointments.