cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1400: Evaluation of tumor-initiating cell populations in the KPC mouse model of pancreatic cancer

There continue to be many questions about the frequency and phenotype of tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) which may play an important role in cancer metastasis and drug resistance in several tumor types, including pancreatic cancer. The KrasG12D, Trp53R172H, and Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) induced model of pancreatic cancer has gained considerable attention for its ability to replicate the clinical features of the disease. Here, we report the generation of a novel syngeneic xenograft model of luciferase-tagged pancreatic tumor cells (KPCL) to facilitate the investigation of the tumorigenic capacity of this cancer model. Limiting dilution analysis of bulk KPCL tumor cells revealed that 1/87 cells were capable of forming new tumors, a number considerably higher than reported for human pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Cell surface markers CD44, CD24, CD133, c-Met, and functional ALDEFLUOR activity, previously shown to mark CSC populations in human and mouse pancreatic tumors, were heterogeneous across a large panel of spontaneous KPCL tumors. Additional testing of CD133 and ALDEFLUOR populations were unable to enrich for tumorigenic populations when transplanted into syngeneic mice. Additionally, spheroid cultures initiated from KPCL tumors did not enrich for cells with stem-like characteristics and were not significantly more tumorigenic than KPCL cells cultured as monolayers. These studies demonstrate that the tumor-forming potential of KPC cells is common, and may not fit the hierarchically organized CSC model that is reported for the human disease. Citation Format: Joseph S. Dosch, Elizabeth K. Ziemke, Amrith Shettigar, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Judith S. Sebolt-Leopold. Evaluation of tumor-initiating cell populations in the KPC mouse model of pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1400. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1400
Changing Teacher–Child Dyadic Interactions to Improve Preschool Children's Externalizing Behaviors

A randomized controlled trial was used to examine the impact of an attachment-based, teacher–child, dyadic intervention (Banking Time) to improve children's externalizing behavior. Participants included 183 teachers and 470 preschool children (3–4 years of age). Classrooms were randomly assigned to Banking Time, child time, or business as usual (BAU). Sparse evidence was found for main effects on child behavior. Teachers in Banking Time demonstrated lower negativity and fewer positive interactions with children compared to BAU teachers at post assessment. The impacts of Banking Time and child time on reductions of parent- and teacher-reported externalizing behavior were greater when teachers evidenced higher-quality, classroom-level, teacher–child interactions at baseline. An opposite moderating effect was found for children's positive engagement with teachers.
Kinase Regulation Through Dramatic Unfolding, as Told by Hsp90:Cdc37:Cdk4 Atomic Cryoem Structure

The Hsp90 molecular chaperone and its Cdc37 co-chaperone help stabilize and activate over half of the human kinome. However, neither the mechanism by which these chaperones assist their client kinases nor why some kinases are addicted to Hsp90 while closely related family members are independent is known. Missing has been any structural understanding of these interactions, with no full-length structures of human Hsp90, Cdc37 or either of these proteins with a kinase. Here we report a 3.9A cryoEM structure of the Hsp90:Cdc37:Cdk4 kinase complex. Cdk4 is in a novel conformation, with its two lobes completely separated. Cdc37 mimics part of the kinase N-lobe, stabilizing an open kinase conformation by wedging itself between the two lobes. Finally, Hsp90 clamps around the unfolded kinase β5 strand and interacts with exposed N- and C-lobe interfaces, protecting the kinase in a trapped unfolded state. Based on this novel structure and extensive previous data, we propose unifying conceptual and mechanistic models of chaperone-kinase interactions.
A margin distance analysis of the impact of adjuvant chemoradiation on survival after pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Background: The role of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains controversial. Recent data suggest that increased margin clearance (MC: distance between tumor and cut surface) is associated with improved survival after PD, but the role of adjuvant CRT in patients with known MC is undefined. We sought to delineate the impact of adjuvant CRT on survival based on MC following PD. Methods: Patients who underwent PD for PDA between 2002 and 2014 were retrospectively stratified into three groups based on MC: 0 mm, ≤1 mm, and >1 mm. The impact of CRT on survival in each MC group was determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Three hundred and ten patients with known MC were analyzed (0 mm =67, ≤1 mm =113, and >1 mm =130). Increasing MC was independently associated with improved OS (≤1 mm, HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.96, P=0.03; >1 mm, HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.35–0.75, P=0.001; compared to 0 mm). Adjuvant CRT was administered to 62 patients (20%). On margin-stratified multivariate analysis, adjuvant CRT was independently associated with increased OS in patients with ≤1 mm margins (HR 0.36; 95% CI 0.18–0.69, P=0.002) but not for 0 mm and >1 mm margins. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that the benefit of adjuvant CRT may be restricted to patients with ≤1 mm MC after PD for pancreatic cancer.
Factors and Mechanisms Involved in Renal Allograft Rejection in Man

Except for transplantation between identical twins, irreversible rejection is a continuous threat for the recipients of renal allografts. The survival of organs and tissues in allogeneic hosts is dependent on a series of factors, most of which are involved in the humoral and cellular immune response of the host to the foreign antigens present in the graft. Allograft survival is determined by an interaction between the immunogenicity of the allograft and the strength of the immune response of the host. Many factors, determining either the immunogenicity of the graft or the strength of the immune response, have been identified. Factors reported to be polymorphic in their effect have been given priority for such studies, especially those factors which can be evaluated before transplantation. The final goal of these studies is to obtain a so called ‘transplantogram’ on which donor-recipient selection and treatment protocols can be based. The first attempts to obtain relevant factors for such a transplantogram were retrospective analyses. In this way the influence of HLA- and ABO-determinants on renal allograft survival has been demonstrated [1,2]. A major problem encountered in such statistical analyses however was the presence of confounding factors. Although several factors each might demonstrate an influence on allograft survival, multiple regression analyses should be performed to determine their final impact on allograft survival.
Determination of low concentrations of acetochlor in water by automated solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with mass-selective detection

A sensitive and reliable gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method for determining acetochlor in environmental water samples was developed. The method involves automated extraction of the herbicide from a filtered 1 L water sample through a C 18 solid-phase extraction column, elution from the column with hexane-isopropyl alcohol (3 + 1), and concentration of the extract with nitrogen gas. The herbicide is quantitated by capillary/column GC/MS with selected-ion monitoring of 3 characteristic ions. The single-operator method detection limit for reagent water samples is 0.0015 μg/L. Mean recoveries ranged from about 92 to 115% for 3 water matrixes fortified at 0.05 and 0.5 μg/L. Average single-operator precision, over the course of 1 week, was better than 5%.
An integration of resolution and natural deduction theorem proving

We present a high-level approach to the integration of such different theorem proving technologies as resolution and natural deduction. This system represents natural deduction proofs as λ-terms and resolution refutations as the types of such λ-terms. These type structures, called expansion trees, are essentially formulas in which substitution terms are attached to quantifiers. As such, this approach to proofs and their types extends the formulas-as-type notion found in proof theory. The LCF notion of tactics and tacticals can also be extended to incorporate proofs as typed λ-terms. Such extended tacticals can be used to program different interactive and automatic natural deduction theorem provers. Explicit representation of proofs as typed values within a programming language provides several capabilities not generally found in other theorem proving systems. For example, it is possible to write a tactic which can take the type specified by a resolution refutation and automatically construct a complete natural deduction proof. Such a capability can be of use in the development of user oriented explanation facilities.
Market-based Instrument for Waste Water Management in Thailand

บทคดยอ การศกษานทดสอบความมประสทธภาพของเครองมอทางดานตลาดเพอการจดการปญหามลพษทางนำในประเทศไทย โดยพจารณา 3 ชดเครองมอ ไดแก 1) การใชใบอนญาตปลอยนำเสยทสามารถจำหนายเปลยนมอได ณ ระดบราคา 4.98 บาท/ใบอนญาต 2) การจดเกบคาบรการบำบดนำเสยในอตรา 0.83 บาท/ลบ.ม. และ 3) การใชนโยบายท 1 และ 2 ไปพรอมกน การวเคราะหใชแบบจำลองดลยภาพทวไป (CGE) ในการหาผลกระทบทางเศรษฐกจ ผลการวเคราะหจากแบบจำลองระบบเศรษฐกจพบวา เครองมอทางดานตลาดสามารถใชจดการนำเสยไดอยางมประสทธภาพ โดยทการใชนโยบายแรกทำใหปรมาณนำเสยของภาคอตสาหกรรมไมเพมขนจากปรมาณเรมตน นโยบายทสองทำใหปรมาณนำเสยของชมชนลดลง 28.29 ลานกโลกรมบโอด/ป และเกดผลกระทบในทำนองเดยวกนเมอใชนโยบายทงสองรวมกน แตปรมาณนำเสยของชมชนลดลงมากขนเปน 29.84 ลานกโลกรมบโอด/ป การใชนโยบายเหลานกอใหเกดรายไดแกรฐซงสามารถนำไปใชจดการปญหานำเสยได คำสำคญ : การจดการนำเสย, เครองมอทางการตลาด, แบบจำลองดลยภาพทวไป, บญชเมตรกทางสงคม Abstract This study tested the efficiency of some market-based instruments (MBI) in coping withwaste water pollution in Thailand. It comprises three policies: 1) tradable water permit at 4.98Baht/permit, 2) emission charge for households at 0.83 Baht/m , and 3) "1" and "2" appliedtogether. The analysis used the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to investigate theeconomy-wide impacts of the policies. The simulation results indicated that MBI is an efficientmanagement tool for waste water management. The first policy would maintain the volume ofwaste water from industry sector at the initial level. The second would decrease household wastewater by 28.29 million kg - equivalent BOD/year. The same results were obtained when the twopolicies used together, but household waste water decreased further to 29.84 million kg -equivalent BOD/year. The policies would enable the government to raise revenue, which can beused for waste water management. Keywords : waste water management, market-based instrument (MBI), computable generalequilibrium (CGE), social accounting matrices (SAM)
Prospective phase II multi-center study of individualized axitinib (Axi) titration for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) after treatment with PD-1 / PD-L1 inhibitors.

4517Background: Standard of care treatment in mRCC after checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy includes VEGFR TKIs, though no prospective data have been published. Axitinib (Axi) is a VEGF-R inhibitor...
The others: characterizing "other" therapeutic errors reported to a poison center.

Background: Therapeutic errors are costly and result in unplanned hospital visits. Recent poison center studies on therapeutic errors have focused on coded data from either the National Poison Data...
Effectiveness of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HEADS UP coaches' online training as an educational intervention.

Background:Concussions are common among youth athletes. Responsibility for the recognition and management of concussion is often put on coaches. To equip coaches with appropriate knowledge and skil...
The Fashion Forecasters: A Hidden History of Color and Trend Prediction

Editors Regina Lee Blaszczyk and Ben Wubs present a volume of research essays and interviews that treat the history and recent contexts of color and trend forecasting. The book’s four parts include...
Digital forensics: you can run but you can't hide: conference tutorial

Digital crimes, such as identity theft, child pornography, denial of service attacks, insider threats, phishing, and other cyber-crimes are now a fact of life. As computers and digital devices are becoming a valuable resource of evidence in many physical and digital crimes, proper handling of forensic investigations become a key in fighting back against such crimes. Therefore, understanding digital forensics and how digital forensic investigations should be carried out is an essential process to learn by IT and other law enforcement personnel in every organization, as they will eventually deal with cyber-crimes. Such learning essentials are necessary for detection and prevention of crime and in any dispute where evidence is stored digitally. This tutorial will explain and discuss the major phases of digital investigation; the practice of gathering digital evidence (Acquisition), examining data and extracting evidence (Analysis), and documenting evidence and key information (Reporting). In addition, it will include a hands-on and practical exercise on how digital investigation is carried; mainly focusing on the practice of memory forensics, as it is the most fruitful and interesting part of digital forensics. By learning how to capture computer memory and profile its contents, the audience will gain an invaluable resource on how to examine data and extract evidence from tested machines, and in our case, machines infected with malware. Tools used in digital investigations need to be forensically sound so they can obtain reliable data as evidence. This tutorial will explain how a tool can qualify to be forensically sound and will discuss some of the forensic tools offered in BackTrack and CAINE as an example of forensics-based operating systems. In addition, we will apply our digital investigation and memory forensics on the SANS Investigative Forensic Toolkit (SIFT), mainly using the Volatility framework. SIFT, written by an international team of forensics experts, is a free toolkit that matches any modern forensic tool suite with cutting-edge open-source tools. All of our tool examinations and experiments will be performed on virtual machines. This tutorial will provide an overview of digital forensics and give the audience a taste of how digital investigations run. Therefore, the intended audience for this tutorial is people curious to know about the digital forensics process. Even though this tutorial serves as an overview of the digital forensics science, it can also serve as a good start for faculty interested in integrating such topic in their Computer Security classes or as its own Digital Forensics course.
A case of one-on-one coaching to differentiate mathematics instruction

While coaching is a well-documented form of professional development to support teachers’ instructional practices in mathematics, limited research exists on how coaches can support teachers in diff...
Retrospective Evaluation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Postoperative Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates Following Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) preoperatively with changes in estimated glomerul...
Single Snapshot Super-Resolution DOA Estimation for Arbitrary Array Geometries

We address the problem of search-free direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for sensor arrays of arbitrary geometry under the challenging conditions of a single snapshot and coherent sources. We extend a method of search-free super-resolution beamforming, originally applicable only for uniform linear arrays, to arrays of arbitrary geometry. The infinite dimensional primal atomic norm minimization problem in continuous angle domain is converted to a dual problem. By exploiting periodicity, the dual function is then represented with a trigonometric polynomial using a truncated Fourier series. A linear rule of thumb is derived for selecting the minimum number of Fourier coefficients required for accurate polynomial representation, based on the distance of the farthest sensor from a reference point. The dual problem is then expressed as a semidefinite program and solved efficiently. Finally, the search-free DOA estimates are obtained through polynomial rooting and source amplitudes are recovered through least squares. Simulations using circular and random planar arrays show perfect DOA estimation in noise-free cases.
Racing to immunity: Journey to a COVID-19 vaccine and lessons for the future.

SARS-CoV-2 is the novel coronavirus behind the COVID-19 pandemic. Since its emergence, the global scientific community has mobilized to study this virus, and an overwhelming effort to identify COVID-19 treatments is currently ongoing for a variety of therapeutics and prophylactics. In order to better understand these efforts, we compiled a list of all COVID-19 vaccines undergoing pre-clinical and clinical testing using the WHO and ClinicalTrials.gov database, with details surrounding trial design and location. The most advanced vaccines are discussed in more detail, with a focus on their technology, advantages and disadvantages, as well as any available recent clinical findings. We also cover some of the primary challenges, safety concerns, and public responses to COVID-19 vaccine trials, and consider what this can mean for the future. By compiling this information, we aim to facilitate a more thorough understanding of the extensive COVID-19 clinical testing vaccine landscape as it unfolds, and better highlight some of the complexities and challenges being faced by the joint effort of the scientific community in finding a prophylactic against COVID-19.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Rural Healthcare Workers

The objective of this longitudinal cohort study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in healthcare workers employed at healthcare clinics in three rural counties in eastern South Dakota and western Minnesota from May 13, 2020 through December 22, 2020. Three blood draws were performed at five clinical sites and tested for the presence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies using a fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (FMIA), neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped particles (SARS-CoV-2pp) assay, and serum virus neutralization (SVN) assay. The seroprevalence was determined to be 1/336 (0.29%) for samples collected from 5/13/20-7/13/20, 5/260 (1.92%) for samples collected from 8/13/20-9/25/20, and 35/235 (14.89%) for samples collected from 10/16/20-12/22/20. Eight of the 35 (22.8%) seropositive individuals identified in the final draw did not report a previous diagnosis with COVID-19. There was a high correlation (>90%) among the FMIA and virus neutralization assays. Each clinical sites seroprevalence was higher than the cumulative incidence for the general public in each respective county as reported by state public health agencies. As of December 2020, there was a high percentage (85%) of seronegative individuals in the study population.
Multiple Blood Biomarkers and Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation: The REGARDS Study.

Background Atrial fibrillation is associated with increased stroke risk; available risk prediction tools have modest accuracy. We hypothesized that circulating stroke risk biomarkers may improve st...
Review of signal processing applications of Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) sensors with a focus on respiration rate and heart rate detection

Abstract The article reviews signal processing applications of Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) sensors with the main focus on the respiration and pulse rate detection. Respiration and pulse rates are vital signs that are routinely measured by healthcare providers to assess a human body's basic functions. In this paper, we review non-contact human respiratory rate and heart rate (pulse) estimation methods using the low-cost, contact-free, and non-invasive Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) sensor. The time-varying sensor signal generated by the chest and subtle head movements are used to infer the respiratory rate and the heart rate, respectively. The PIR sensor can be mounted on the head rest of a chair or placed near a bed and can continuously estimate both the respiratory rate and the heart rate of a resting person at the same time. Experimental results indicate that a positive correlation higher than 95% between the heart rate estimates and the pulse oximeter measurements is achieved in our datasets. Similarly, a correlation coefficient of 95% is also achieved between the PIR-based respiratory rate estimates and the respiratory chest movements.
The Irredeemable? How Men Convicted of Sexual Offenses Reflect and Reconcile Redemption and Condemnation Scripts on the Path to Desistance

Desistance from sexual offending is of great import to scholars, practitioners, and the public. Despite theoretical advances in life course theories generally, the same work is only beginning for s...
Alternative Learning Tools In Small Group Activities

Location: JC Room G I will present an activity that informs about the class preconceived knowledge on a general topic, allowing to focus on the most pressing gaps and misconceptions. The activity involves think-pair-share, concept visualization, and peer reviews between groups. It is well suited for active learning classes, but can be easily adapted to any set up and subject. Participants will practice the activity on a basic astronomy topic and then try to adapt it to their class.
Formation of reactive oxygen species by the contracting diaphragm is PLA2dependent

Recent work indicates that respiratory muscles generate superoxide radicals during contraction (M. B. Reid, K. E. Haack, K. M. Francik, P. A. Volberg, L. Kabzik, and M. S. West.J. Appl. Physiol. 73...
Abstract 16291: Comparing Predictors of Heart Failure and Cancer Caregiver Satisfaction with Hospice Care

Introduction: Heart failure patients are increasingly enrolling in hospice care, along with their informal caregivers. While caregiver satisfaction with hospice influences both patient and caregiver outcomes, we know little about predictors of caregiver satisfaction. Secondly, previous research has been done almost exclusively in the cancer population. Objective: Our aim was to identify predictors of caregiver satisfaction, then explore whether predictors differ between heart failure and cancer caregivers. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of national data collected in 2011 by the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization using the Family Evaluation of Hospice Care (FEHC). We drew stratified random samples (n=1000 each) from the available FEHC responses of adult heart failure (n=19,818) and cancer (n=70,782) caregivers. We used multiple linear regression to examine the relationship between possible predictors and caregiver satisfaction. Predictors examined included caregiver and patient demographics, clinical characteristics and hospice characteristics. Results: In the heart failure cohort, caregiver age, relationship, patients’ symptoms, and caregiver education predicted satisfaction (p Conclusions: Hospices should seek to identify and further support vulnerable caregivers. Particular attention needs to be devoted to identifying and managing patient symptoms to the satisfaction of caregivers.
The Right to Enforce: Why RLUIPA's Land Use Provision Is a Constitutional Federal Enforcement Power

The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act ("RLUIPA') superseded the Religious Freedom Restoration Act ("RFRA'), which the Supreme Court held unconstitutional in its application to states in 1997. A two-pronged law, RLUIPA protects prisoners from unjust impositions to their freedom of worship and also ensures religious institutions may use their property for legitimate worship purposes without burdensome zoning law restrictions. This paper focuses specifically on the latter prong and analyzes RLUIPA in light of the growing Islamophobia in America during the previous twenty-four months. For example, the United States Department of Justice reports "of the eighteen RLUIPA matters involving possible discrimination against Muslims that the Department has monitored since September 11, 2001, eight have been opened since May of2010."Additionally, this paper repudiates the assertion that RLUIPA is an unconstitutional exercise of Congressional power, and argues instead RL UIPA ensures effective and legal protection from religious discrimination for all Americans. * The author is an American-Muslim human rights activist, writer, and lecturer on American-Islamic issues. He received his Bachelor of Science in Marketing from the University of Illinois at Chicago (2006) and his juris doctor from the University of Richmond School of Law (2012), where he served as Executive Editor of the Richmond Journal of Global Law, and Business and Founder and President of the Muslim Law Students Association. Send all questions and inquiries to q.rashid a richmond.edu. My deepest gratitude to Rachel Reynolds, 2011-12 Editor-in-Chief of the Richmond Journal of Lav and the Public Interest. Her leadership, commitment to human rights and religious freedom, and passion for the subject matter proved an inspiration throughout this paper's development. This paper is dedicated to my wonderful wife, Ayesha, and beautiful son, Hassan. ).S. Dep't of Justice, REPORT OF THE TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RELIGIOUS LAND USE AND INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS ACT 13 (Sept. 22, 2010), available at http://www.justice.gov/crt/rluipa report 092210.pdf.
Multiple doping of silicon-germanium alloys for thermoelectric applications

It is shown that heavy doping of n-type Si/Ge alloys with phosphorus and arsenic (V-V doping interaction) by diffusion leads to a significant enhancement of their carrier concentration and possible improvement of the thermoelectric figure of merit. High carrier concentrations were achieved by arsenic doping alone, but for a same doping level higher carrier mobilities and lower resistivities are obtained through phosphorus doping. By combining the two dopants with the proper diffusion treatments, it was possible to optimize the different properties, obtaining high carrier concentration, good carrier mobility and low electrical resistivity. Similar experiments, using the III-V doping interaction, were conducted on boron-doped p-type samples and showed the possibility of overcompensating the samples by diffusing arsenic, in order to get n-type behavior. >
Asian Americans, Socio-Economic Status and Health: Current Findings and Future Concerns

Like other racial groups in the United States, Asian Americans also experience health disparities by socioeconomic status (SES). However, given that many Asian Americans are immigrants and are from diverse countries and cultural backgrounds, the association between SES and health needs to be examined and interpreted within the context of immigration. This chapter will provide a brief overview of SES and health relationship among Asian American as a whole and among various subgroups within Asian Americans. Specifically, this chapter will introduce the unique natures of the SES-health relationship, the mechanisms underlying this relationship, and directions for future research on this relationship as it applies to Asian Americans.
Programming neural Hoxd10: in vivo evidence that early node-associated signals predominate over paraxial mesoderm signals at posterior spinal levels.

Abstract Studies of the programming of Hox patterns at anterior spinal levels suggest that these events are accomplished through an integration of Hensen's node-derived and paraxial mesoderm signaling. We have used in vivo tissue manipulation in the avian embryo to examine the respective roles of node- derived and other local signals in the programming of a Hox pattern at posterior spinal levels. Hoxd10 is highly expressed in the lumbosacral (LS) spinal cord and adjacent paraxial mesoderm. At stages of LS neural tube formation (stages 12–14), the tailbud contains the remnants of Hensen's node and the primitive streak. Hoxd10 expression was analyzed after transposition of LS neural segments with and without the tailbud, after isolation of normally positioned LS segments from the stage 13 tailbud, and after axial displacement of posterior paraxial mesoderm. Data suggest that inductive signals from the tailbud are primarily responsible for the programming of Hoxd10 at neural plate and the earliest neural tube stages. After these stages, the LS neural tube appears to differ from more anterior neural segments in its lack of dependence on Hox-inductive signals from local tissues, including paraxial mesoderm. Our data also suggest that a graded system of repressive signals for posterior Hox genes is present at cervical and thoracic levels and likely to originate from paraxial mesoderm.
Saving energy in long-reach broadband access networks: architectural approaches

While energy conservation and reach-extension technologies are being developed for broadband access networks, this article focuses on the intersection between these two topics. Specifically, it reviews several architectural enhancements that can enable energy conservation in longreach broadband access networks using methods such as turning off idle transceivers and other network elements, shedding transmission speed, and adaptively reconfiguring itself based on current traffic characteristics.
X-Ray diffraction analysis of cohenite from iron meteorites

Cohenite grains from iron meteorites studied by X-ray diffraction for establishing pressure scale, using solid state recrystallization
Classical aspects of the laser excitation of a Morse oscillator

Abstract A Morse oscillator in an intense laser field is studied classically. A new approach to solving the classical equations of motion, based on construction of a map from initial conditions to final conditions after one period of oscillation of the laser, is given. The evolution of phase-space curves over many periods is then examined by repeatedly applying the map. Phase-space curves, as a function of time, are seen to exhibit some very interesting behaviour, including spirals or “whorls”. The pendulum model of non-linear resonance is shown to describe this behaviour reasonably well and, in fact, can be used to crudely interpret dynamical trends, such as the average energy absorption as a function of initial vibrational state.
Intersubband absorption in Si1-xGex/Si and δ-dope Si multiple quantum wells

Abstract The hole intersubband infrared absorption in SiGe/Si and δ-doped Si multiple quantum wells is reported. Typical structures consist of 10 periods of 300 A thick undoped Si barriers and either SiGe quantum wells of 48 A or boron doped Si quantum wells of 35 A wide. Near 100% infrared absorption is measured by a FTIR spectrometer using waveguide structures. The polarization dependent spectra show good agreement with the intersubband selection rule. In SiGe/Si multiple quantum well structures, the transition energy depends on the Ge fraction and the well thickness and the transition between the first two heavy-hole subbands are observed. In the case of the δ-doped structures, the resonance absorption and peak energy can be turned by varying the doping concentration in the δ-doped layer. The experimentally observed transition energy positions are considerably higher than that estimated using the Hartree approximation. With the inclusion of the many-body effect, the hole-hole exchange interaction, the estimated subband energy separations are in close agreement with the experimentally observed values. This observation suggests that the multiple quantum well IR detectors may be used for Si-based optoelectronics.
Carbon nanotubes analysis for the peristaltic flow in curved channel with heat transfer

In the present article, we have investigated the effects of heat transfer on peristaltic flow of carbon nanoparticles in a curved channel. Governing equations for flow and heat transfer are derived by analysing the effects of curvature of the curved channel and taking inboard the long wavelength and small Reynolds number assumptions. Exact solution is obtained for the stream function, which is used to find the velocity of the fluid flow in the curved channel. Effects of curvature parameter and Grashof number on the velocity and pressure gradient are analysed. The effect of heat transfer through the curved channel is also studied.
A method for platform identification to support service family design

Customised services are an important source of revenue for many companies, particularly those subscribing to mass customisation where customer satisfaction is paramount. In this paper, we extend concepts from platform-based product family design to create a new method for module-based service family design. The objective in this research is to introduce a method for identifying a service platform along with variant and unique modules to create a service family by integrating object-oriented concepts, ontologies and data-mining techniques. Object-oriented concepts were used to support service analysis and representation combining ontologies. Fuzzy clustering is employed to partition service processes into subsets to identify common modules – the platform – and specific modules for the given service family. To demonstrate the proposed approach, we apply the proposed method to select a platform for a family of banking services.
Hyperprolactinemia Decreases the Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Concentration in Pituitary Portal Plasma: A Possible Role for β-Endorphin as a Mediator*

Hyperprolactinemia can reduce the LH secretion in rats, but the mechanism of the effect of PRL is not clear. We have investigated the actions of PRL on the secretion of LHRH and LH and the interaction among PRL, β-endorphin (β-EP), and LHRH. The effects of PRL on LHRH and LH secretion were studied in ovariectomized female rats after transplanting four anterior pituitaries to the right kidney capsule of each ovariectomized rat for 2-3 weeks. The level of PRL in rats with pituitary transplants was approximately 5 times higher than that in control rats. The concentration of LHRH in pituitary portal plasma of hyperprolactinemic rats was approximately 4 times lower than that in control rats. Hyperprolactinemic animals also showed lower plasma LH levels than the controls. Since β-EP inhibits the secretion of LHRH, we have tested whether the reduced secretion of LHRH in hyperprolactinemic ovariectomized rats is associated with an increase in β-EP activity. This was studied by measuring the concentration of β-EP ...
A tag-based cache replacement

Conventional cache replacement policies use access information of each cache block for replacement decisions. We observe that there are many identical tags across different cache sets because programs exhibit spatial locality. The number of different tags in cache memory is significantly less than the total number of cache blocks in a cache. We propose a tag-based replacement that uses access frequency and recency of tags instead of cache blocks for the replacement decision. The tag-based replacement reduces the average miss rate of the baseline 1MB L2 cache by 15% over conventional LRU with 95% status bits reduction over conventional LRU. The performance improvement of a processor using the tag-based replacement is up to 40% with an average of 4.5% over LRU.
Atmospheric particulate absorption and black carbon measurement

It is convenient to measure the optical attenuation A of the combination of a layer of atmospheric particulate matter and the quartz fiber filter on which it has been collected. The problem of relating A to the absorption and scattering coefficients k and s of the particulate matter itself is treated as a problem in diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using the Kubelka–Munk theory. The results show that although, in general, A is a nonlinear function strongly dependent on both s and k, for a limited range of s and sample thickness d, A can be a practically linear function of k. Fortunately, this range includes that common to atmospheric particulate samples. Furthermore, it is shown that if the filter’s reflectance is sufficiently high, A can be nearly independent of s. This is in agreement with experimental and, for the limiting case when the substrate filter reflectance is unity, theoretical results obtained by other researchers. Use of such measurements of A as a means of determining the black carbon mass loading C on a filter is also investigated. It is shown that when the black carbon mass fraction fc is high, as it is for samples collected in large urban areas, A is a predictable and practically linear function of C. However, when fc is low, as it is for many rural locations, then the slope of the function A(C) is strongly dependent on fc, leading to possible overestimates of C. This problem can be alleviated by making the measurement of A at near-infrared wavelengths rather than in the visible spectrum.
Phenethyl alcohol: reversible inhibition of synthesis of macromolecules and disaggregation of polysomes in rat hepatoma cells.

Abstract 1. The effect of phenethyl alcohol (4–24 mM) on cell division, permeability and cell volume of exponentially growing Novikoff rat hepatoma cells and on their synthesis of macromolecules and membranes was investigated. 2. Phenethyl alcohol inhibits immediately and to about the same extent the synthesis of RNA, DNA and protein, and causes a rapid disaggregation of the polysomes and a marked decrease in nucleosidetriphosphate: RNA nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2. 7. 7. 6) activity of the cells. Cell division is inhibited to a lesser extent than the synthesis of macromolecules which leads to a decrease in the average size of the cells after addition of phenethyl alcohol. Phenethyl alcohol inhibits the incorporation of [Me-3H]choline into phosphorylcholine but has little effect on the incorporation of the latter into phosphatidylcholine of mitochondria and cellular membranes. The cells do not become permeable to cytoplasmic proteins or RNA or phosphorylcholine as a result of treatment with phenethyl alcohol. 3. The degree of inhibition of the various cellular processes is directly related to the concentration of phenethyl alcohol employed. The effects are readily reversed by removal of the chemical. The rate of synthesis of protein commences to increase immediately after reversal and this is accompanied by the re-formation of the polysomes. The re-formation of polysomes is largely unaffected by the presence of actinomycin D indicating that messenger RNA persists intact throughout the period of treatment with phenethyl alcohol. The rates of synthesis of RNA and DNA increase more slowly after reversal and cell division is delayed for several hours. 4. The overall results suggest that phenethyl alcohol affects a basic site or process associated with growth control of the cell. Most of the morphological and biochemical changes observed after treatment of cells with phenethyl alcohol resemble those observed during the normal transition of cells from the exponential to the stationary phase of growth.
Adsorption of CH3O on Ni(111)

Abstract The adsorption of methoxy on Ni(111) is treated using a many-electron embedding theory, modelling the lattice as a 28-atom, three-layer cluster. Ab initio valence orbital configuration interaction (multiple parent) calculations carried out on a local surface region permit an accurate description of bonding at the surface. The 3d orbitals are explicitly used for four Ni atoms in the local surface region. Methoxy binds strongly to the Ni(111) surface at both three-fold and bridge sites with adsorption energies of 90 and 87 kcal/mol and O-surface distances of 1.51 and 1.59 A, respectively. The calculated adsorption energy for methoxy at an atop Ni site is 61 kcal/mol with an O-surface distance of 1.82 A. The methoxy CO axis is normal to the surface or inclined 5° or 10° from the surface normal at three-fold sites and is inclined 20° from the surface normal at bridge sites. For methoxy adsorbed at three-fold and bridge sites, the calculated CO stretching frequencies are 1025 and 1010 cm−1, and the CH3O-surface perpendicular stretching frequencies are 495 and 380 cm−1 respectively. The 5a1, 1e and 2e orbitals of adsorbed methoxy are the orbitals principally involved in bonding with the surface. The bonding of methoxy to the nickel surface is characterized as a combination of ionic and covalent bonding with substantial mixing with Ni 3d orbitals. Adsorption studies of CH3ONi and CH3ONi3 are also reported. Methoxy basis effects and bonding properties of methoxy upon adsorption on Ni are discussed.
Exact seismic velocities for transversely isotropic media and extended Thomsen formulas for stronger anisotropies

A different type of approximation to the exact anisotropic wave velocities as a function of incidence angle in transversely isotropic (TI) media is explored. This formulation extends Thomsen’s weak anisotropy approach to stronger deviations from isotropy without significantly affecting the equations’ simplicity. One easily recognized improvement is that the extreme value of the quasi-SV-wave speed vsv (θ) is located at the correct incidence angle θ= θex rather than always being at the position θ=45° . This holds universally for Thomsen’s approximation, although θex ≡45° actually is never correct for any TI anisotropic medium. Wave-speed magnitudes are more closely approximated for most values of the incidence angle, although there may be some exceptions depending on actual angular location of the extreme value. Furthermore, a special angle θ= θm (close to theextreme point of the SV-wave speed and also needed by the new formulas) can be deduced from the same data normally used in weak anisotropy data analy...
Dietary cholesterol supplementation protects against endothelial cell dysfunction mediated by native and lipolyzed lipoproteins derived from rabbits fed high-corn oil diets

Abstract Epidemiologic studies indicate that dietary plant fats are negatively and dietary cholesterol positively correlated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease. However, recent research suggests that unsaturated fats may be atherogenic because of their contribution to cellular oxidative stress and that cholesterol may exhibit antioxidant properties. To test this hypothesis, rabbits were fed diets containing 2 g corn oil/100 g diet, supplemented either with 16 g/100 g diet of corn oil (CO) or CO plus added cholesterol (CO+C) for 10 weeks. The cholesterol concentration in the CO+C diet was less than 30 mg cholesterol/100 g diet, which was sufficient to cause a significant rise in plasma and LDL cholesterol, but that did not lead to any detectable fatty steak or lesion formation. Compared with the native CO group, lipid hydroperoxide levels were significantly lower in both native lipoproteins ( VLDL LDL ) and lipolyzed remnants of this lipoprotein mixture derived from rabbits fed CO+C. This may be attributable in part to the observed decrease in unsaturated fatty acids as a result of dietary cholesterol supplementation. Relative to native lipoproteins, endothelial cells exposed to lipolyzed lipoprotein remnants experienced a significant increase in oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased DCF fluorescence, NF-ϰB, an oxidative stress sensitive transcription factor, was markedly induced in cells treated with both native and lipolyzed lipoproteins derived from the CO group, compared to the CO+C group. Independent of lipolysis, oxidative stress was markedly decreased in cells exposed to lipoproteins derived from animals fed CO+C, Furthermore, dietary cholesterol supplementation protected endothelial cells against lipolytic remnant-mediated barrier dysfunction. These data continue to support the hypothesis that lipolytic lipoprotein remnants are atherogenic and that small amounts of supplemental cholesterol may provide antioxidant protection.
An economy of risk: Resource acquisition strategies of inner city women who use drugs.

Researchers suggest that women’s HIV risk is influenced by environmental factors. In order to better understand the processes through which environmental factors are mediated into HIV risk, 28 women who used drugs from two low income neighbourhoods in New York City (NYC) participated in life history interviews. Women 18 years or older who used heroin, crack or cocaine were recruited from out-of-treatment settings between March and November 2000. Central to this analysis was an assessment of the strategies adopted for acquiring resources (resource aquisition strategies) as well as the costs and obligations associated with such strategies. The majority of women’s resources came from illegal sources or from men with whom they had sexual relationships. Three quarters of the women worked in the drug trade, 68% reported stealing and 68% engaged in street based sex work. Most (89%) women had been arrested. The large majority (79%) had current, male sex partners from whom they received financial and other benefits, including a diminished risk of incarceration. The implicit or explicit trade of sex for a reliable supply of resources severely limited women’s ability to implement sex risk reduction. In the context of economic deprivation, most resource acquisition strategies employed by the women increased HIV risk. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Prolonged Erythema After Facial Laser Resurfacing or Phenol Peel Secondary to Corticosteroid Addiction

Background. Prolonged persistent erythema postprocedure using phenol or carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers occurs frequently and the reasons have not been fully ascertained. Objective. To describe patients whose postoperative care consisted of prolonged use of topical corticosteroids and to assess the outcome of cessation of this medicine. Methods. Twelve patients who underwent CO2 laser resurfacing or phenol peels to their face are presented. All patients were seen between 3 and 30 months after the procedures were performed. All dressings, wound care, and other medicaments had been stopped prior to being seen. Most were patch tested to a wide variety of chemicals including corticosteroids, topical medications, and preservatives. They were observed during the poststeroid cessation period and the clinical response is described. Results. All patch testing showed insignificant results. All postpeel patients cleared within 6 months of steroid cessation, experiencing several flares of erythema before the end result. Three of the six laser resurfacing patients cleared fully within 12 months and three are still being followed. The erythema and severe burning in the patients that cleared stayed clear during long-term follow-up. No scars or atrophy were seen. Conclusion. The use of topical corticosteroid preparations postoperatively in peel and resurfacing patients is believed to be a major cause of prolonged erythema, dermatitis, burning, and telangiectasias in these patients. The mechanism is believed to be one of vasoconstriction/vasodilatation secondary to the corticosteroids through a nonintact barrier.