cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the D-optimality of nonorthogonal blocked main effects plans

In this paper, we consider experimental situations where a main effects plan is to be used to study m two-level factors using n runs which are partitioned into b blocks of equal size k = n/b. It is shown that when $n \equiv 2 \pmod{8}$ and k > 2, the best possible design under the D-optimality criterion does not necessarily have all factors orthogonal to blocks. In such situations, an alternative class of designs is suggested for usage which are better under the D-optimality criterion than the best available design having all main effects orthogonal to blocks.
Improved exercise tolerance and quality of life with cardiac rehabilitation of older patients after myocardial infarction. Results of a randomized, controlled trial☆

Background— Whether cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is effective in patients older than 75 years, who have been excluded from most trials, remains unclear. We enrolled patients 46 to 86 years old in a ...
Enabling vehicular visible light communication (V2LC) networks

Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a fast-growing technology to provide data communication using low-cost and omni-present LEDs and photodiodes. In this paper, we examine the key proper-ties in enabling vehicular VLC (V2LC) networks as follows. We first develop a custom V2LC research platform on which we expe-rimentally evaluate the feasibility of a V2LC system under working conditions in relation to link resilience to visible light noise and interference. Our experiments show that a receiver's narrow field-of-view angle makes V2LC resilient to visible light noise from sunlight and legacy lighting sources as well as to interference from active VLC transmitters. Then, by leveraging our experimental characterization as the basis of modifications to our simulator, we examine V2LC's performance in providing network services for vehicular applications. Our key findings include: (i) in dense vehicular traffic conditions (e.g., urban highway during peak hours), V2LC takes advantage of multiple available paths to reach vehicles and overcomes the effects of packet collisions; (ii) in the presence of a visible light blockage in traffic, V2LC can still have a significant number of successful transmissions by opportunistically using dynamic inter-vehicle gaps.
Architectural Encounters with Essence and Form in Modern China

Built around snatches of discussion overheard in a Beijing design studio, this book explores attitudes toward architecture in China since the opening of the Treaty Ports in the 1840s. Central to the discussion are the concepts of ti and yong, or "essence" and "form," Chinese characters that are used to define the proper arrangement of what should be considered modern and essentially Chinese. Ti and yong have gone through various transformations - for example, from "Chinese learning for essential principles and Western learning for practical application" to "socialist essence and cultural form" and an almost complete reversal to "modern essence and Chinese form." The book considers such subjects as cultural developments in China in response to the forced opening to the West in the mid-nineteenth century, the return of overseas-educated Chinese architects, foreign influences on Chinese architecture, the controversy over the use of "big roofs" and other sinicizing aspects of Chinese architecture in the 1950s, the hard economic conditions of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution - when architecture was almost abandoned - and the beginning of reform and opening up to the outside world in the late 1970s and 1980s. Finally, it looks at the present socialist market economy and Chinese architecture during the still incomplete process of modernisation.
Commentary on Gilded Ages, Now and Then

The skyrocketing separation of the richest Americans from the rest amidst a political and cultural discourse that celebrates the individual and the unquestioned wisdom of the free market has many commentators comparing our time to the Gilded Age of 100 years ago. It is an apt comparison. W.E.B. Du Bois’s (1935) assessment of this era, found in the chapter from his magisterial Black Reconstruction in America 1860– 1880 titled “The Counter-Revolution of Property” could also describe our era, with lives lived amidst the products of mass production, the domination of politics by corporations, economic booms and busts, labor markets divided by race and gender, and misery in this world of plenty. Painter (1987, p. xx) reports that in pre-federal income tax 1890 the top 1 % of families owned 51 % of the real and personal property, a figure that resonates with today’s 99 % Movement. Given the contradictions and crises we face in the early twenty-first century it is not surprising that historical archaeologists are interested in this earlier period. This earlier “Gilded Age,” like ours, was comprised of complex array of forces shaping life. Symptomatic of this complexity is that different scholars of the first Gilded Age, including authors in this collection, provide different date ranges to encompass these processes, depending upon which they foreground: a short politically defined Gilded Age (1876–1914), a longer Gilded Age from slavery America to imperial America (1865–1914), or an even longer phase of the social and ideological consolidation of capitalism (1789–1914) (Wallerstein 2011). Among the forces a century and more ago were:
An integrated system for on-chip temperature gradient interaction chromatography

This paper reports the first integrated MEMS high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chip that consists of a parylene high-pressure liquid chromatography (LC) column, an electrochemical sensor, a resistive heater and a thermal-isolation structure for on-chip temperature gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) application. Two sets of devices for different chromatography criteria were fabricated. The separation column was 8-mm long, 100-μm wide, 25-μm high and was packed with 5-μm sized, C18-coated beads using conventional slurry-packing technique. A novel parylene-enhanced air-gap thermal isolation technology was used to reduce heater power consumption by 58% and to reduce temperature rise in the off-column area by 67%. To test the chromatography performance of the fabricated system, a mixture of derivatized amino acids was chosen for separation. A temporal temperature gradient scanning from 25 °C to 65 °C with a ramping rate of 3.6 °C/min was applied to the column during separation. Successful chromatographic separation of derivatized amino acids was obtained on the chip. Compared with conventional temperature gradient HPLC system which incorporates “macro oven” to generate temporal temperature gradient on the column, our chip's thermal performance, i.e., power consumption and thermal response, is greatly improved without sacrificing chromatography quality.
Quantitative chimeric analysis of six specificity determinants that differentiate Escherichia coli aspartate from tyrosine aminotransferase.

The six mutations, referred to as the Hex mutations, that together have been shown to convert Escherichia coli aspartate aminotransferase (AATase) specificity to be substantially like that of E. coli tyrosine aminotransferase (TATase) are dissected into two groups, (T109S/N297S) and (V39L/K41Y/T47I/N69L). The letters on the left and right of the numbers designate AATase and TATase residues, respectively. The T109S/N297S pair has been investigated previously. The latter group, the "Grease" set, is now placed in the AATase framework, and the retroGrease set (L39V/Y41K/I47T/L69N) is substituted into TATase. The Grease mutations in the AATase framework were found primarily to lower KMs for both aromatic and dicarboxylic substrates. In contrast, retroGrease TATase exhibits lowered kcats for both substrates. The six retroHex mutations, combining retroGrease and S109T/S297N, were found to invert the substrate specificity of TATase, creating an enzyme with a nearly ninefold preference (kcat/KM) for aspartate over phenylalanine. The retroHex mutations perturb the electrostatic environment of the pyridoxal phosphate cofactor, as evidenced by a spectrophotometric titration of the internal aldimine, which uniquely shows two pKas, 6.1 and 9.1. RetroHex was also found to have impaired dimer stability, with a KD for dimer dissociation of 350 nM compared with the wild type KD of 4 nM. Context dependence and additivity analyses demonstrate the importance of interactions of the Grease residues with the surrounding protein framework in both the AATase and TATase contexts, and with residues 109 and 297 in particular. Context dependence and cooperativity are particularly evident in the effects of mutations on kcat/KM(Asp). Effects on kcat/KM(Phe) are more nearly additive and context independent.
Do commercial interests impact clinical science during a public health emergency

Edwards (2013) raises important areas for further analysis in her discussion of clinical science regulation during a public health emergency. Successful and sustainable mitigation of a global pande...
Improving Swimming Pool Warning Signs

The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission sponsored us to perform a human factors evaluation of existing swimming pool warning signs. Our study covered warnings which convey the messages “NO DIVING” and “WATCH CHILDREN”. These warnings are particularly intended to reduce the incidence of diving accidents involving teenage boys and drowning accidents involving children under five; population groups that are over-represented in accident statistics. Our evaluation of twenty-two existing signs uncovered deviations from warning sign design principles and identified opportunities to improve each of the signs. Following the evaluation, we developed improved signs and tested them using teenage boys and mothers of young children as subjects. We then made final recommendations to the CPSC for improved signs.
Feeling good after praise for a successful performance: The importance of social comparison information

This study examined the role of social comparisons in producing the satisfaction that often follows from praise. Participants received no praise, comparison-free praise (without explicit social comparison information), and social comparison praise (with explicit social comparison information) after successfully completing a challenging intellectual task. In addition, they either received or did not receive performance norms indicating superior relative performance. Praise only led to greater feelings of satisfaction compared to the no praise, norm absent condition when it was also joined with social comparison information, either provided directly through social comparison praise or through performance norms. The presence of performance norms also enhanced satisfaction. Overall, participants' perceptions of superior relative performance mediated the effects of social comparison praise and of norm information on feelings of satisfaction.
Hard-real-time resource management for autonomous spacecraft

This paper describes tickets, a computational mechanism for hard-real-time autonomous resource management. Autonomous spacecraft control can be considered abstractly as a computational process whose outputs are spacecraft commands. In order to make the engineering of such systems tractable, these computations an usually organized as multiple parallel threads of control. It is sometimes necessary, particularly in emergency situations, for one thread of control not only to issue certain commands, but to actively prevent the issuing of other commands by other threads of control. Tickets are software objects that act as intermediaries between control processes and low-level commands. In order to gain access to a low-level command a control process must be in possession of a valid ticket for that command. Tickets can be invalidated in constant time. This allows hard-real-time guarantees of performance for denying access to a particular low-level command or set of commands.
On matrix equations over the ring of p-adic integers

(1983). On matrix equations over the ring of p-adic integers. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 11, No. 11, pp. 1237-1252.
The hemodynamic effects of diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin in dopamine-resistant endotoxic shock in swine

As the blood substitute Diaspirin Cross-linked Hemoglobin (DCLHb) has potent vasopressor activity, we assessed its hemodynamic effects in a clinically relevant dopamine-resistant endotoxic shock model in swine. In a randomized and controlled study, E. coli LPS was administered to anesthetized and invasively monitored swine. Group I (n = 3) control pigs were not resuscitated. Groups II (n = 5) and III (n = 6) pigs received dopamine (DA) after MAP decreased 30%, and hetastarch and DCLHb, respectively, after dopamine-resistance occurred. Progressive hemodynamic decline occurred in Group I pigs. DA failed to restore MAP to baseline. However, 0% and 67% of pigs also treated with heta-starch and DCLHb, respectively, achieved temporary restoration of baseline MAP (p = 0.03), prompting a reduction in the dose of DA in 0% of hetastarch vs. 50% of DCLHb treated pigs. Except for increased MPAP and decreased heart in DCLHb treated pigs (p 0.05). In conclusion, although DCLHb exacerbated pulmonary hypertension and did not improve O2 utilization or survival, because DCLHb restored MAP to baseline and had a dopamine sparing effect, further investigation of DCLHb's hemodynamic effects in adrenergic agent-resistant endotoxemia is warranted.
Short communication: LANDISVIEW: A visualization tool for landscape modelling

A major challenge in landscape and environmental modelling is to effectively visualize large amounts of time-series simulation output, often in various Geographic Information System (GIS) formats. We developed a software tool (LANDISVIEW), to easily visualize and animate time-series of ERDAS *.gis maps. The open source tool can also be used to generate batch files for FRAGSTATS, a widely used spatial analysis program.
Effectiveness and Costs of TNF-Alpha Blocker Use for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is ranked among the highest of all chronic diseases in terms of its adverse impact on health-related quality of life, limitations in physical function, increased pain and fatigue, and diminished work performance and attendance compared with other debilitating chronic conditions. OBJECTIVE To compare healthcare expenditures, utilization, and productivity-related outcomes for patients with RA using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha blockers compared with patients with mild, moderate, or severe RA who are not using these medications. DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with RA were identified from the 1998-2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey database, using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes (714.xx); the patients were classified as (1) TNF-alpha blocker users, identified on the basis of pharmacy or intravenous therapy utilization, or (2) TNF-alpha blocker nonusers (but could be using other RA-related medications). Patients who were not using TNF-alpha blockers were subclassified as having mild, moderate, or severe RA; nonusers were not subclassified by disease severity. An algorithm was created for this study that combined and ranked 5 patient-reported health-related outcomes used to classify RA severity in the TNF-alpha blocker nonusers group. The main outcome measures included healthcare expenditures, medical service utilization, and work-related productivity for patients with RA. RESULTS A total of 1152 patients were included in this study. TNF-alpha blocker users (N = 65) were found to have lower odds of being unemployed compared with nonusers who had moderate (N = 159) or severe (N = 208) RA, using patients with mild RA as the reference group (N = 720; P <.01 for both comparisons). Only significant results were included in this study. There were no differences between patients with mild RA who were TNF-alpha blocker users versus nonusers with regard to all-cause emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and average length of hospital stay. The medical, prescription, and total healthcare costs were higher for TNF-alpha blocker users than for patients with mild RA who did not use these agents. Patients with moderate or severe RA who did not use TNF-alpha blockers also had higher incremental annual medical expenditures ($1088 and $1640, respectively) than nonusers with mild RA; these incremental cost differences were lower than the difference in users of TNF-alpha blockers ($2096). CONCLUSIONS Based on this study, the use of TNF-alpha blocker treatment had a positive impact on employment status and was associated with fewer hospitalizations compared with other RA medications and compared with patients who did not use TNF-alpha blockers in patients with moderate or severe RA. The determination of RA severity may be biased, because it was based on patient self-reports and not on provider assessments; however, self-reporting is a common, validated method of assessing RA severity.
Age at Migration, Social Connections, and Well-Being among Elderly Hispanics

This study employs data from the 1988 National Survey of Hispanic Elderly People to examine the impact of age at migration and social contacts on the self-assessed health, functional disability, and life satisfaction of elderly Cuban Americans, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Ricans in the United States. The results indicate that the difficulties associated with immigration late in life undermine an older person's morale and interfere with the ability to perform basic activities of daily living. Although children are important sources of social support for all Hispanic groups, our findings also reveal important group differences in the use of other community social resources and their impact on health. Older Cuban Americans, in particular, appear to benefit from residence in ethnic enclaves in which they have largely duplicated their culture of origin.
Superconvergent HDG methods for linear elasticity with weakly symmetric stresses

We provide a systematic way of devising superconvergent mixed and hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) methods for linear elasticity based on weak stress symmetry formulations. We show that, by suitably modifying the spaces defining superconvergent mixed and HDG methods for diffusion obtained in Cockburn et al. (Conditions for superconvergence of HDG methods for second-order elliptic problems, Math. Comp., 81, 1327–1353.), we obtain optimally convergent approximations for all unknowns, as well as a superconvergent approximation of the displacement. We use a projection-based a priori error analysis to achieve this goal.
Two Methods for Converting a Heavy-Water Research Reactor to Use Low-Enriched-Uranium Fuel to Improve Proliferation Resistance After Startup

AbstractThis article demonstrates the feasibility of converting a heavy-water research reactor from natural to low-enriched uranium in order to slow the production of weapon-usable plutonium, even if the core cannot be physically reconfigured. The analysis was performed for Iran’s IR-40 reactor at Arak in support of negotiations with Iran, but the methods have application to future reactors that present similar nonproliferation challenges. Two methods are considered, and both retain identical power, thermal-hydraulic, and safety profiles as the original reactor design. The conversion options can be implemented at any time during the reactor’s life. The two methods have competing effects on achievable burnup, and they can be combined to produce an optimized core that matches both the fresh-core reactivity and maximum burnup of the original reactor. For the IR-40 example, the optimized design produces weapon-grade plutonium at only about 19% of the rate of the unmodified reactor for the same power level. Ad...
Mechanisms of Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Sleep Deprivation Therapy: Clock Genes and Circadian Rhythms

A significant subset of both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder patients rapidly (within 24 hours) and robustly improves with the chronotherapeutic intervention of sleep deprivation therapy (SDT). Major mood disorder patients are reported to have abnormal circadian rhythms including temperature, hormonal secretion, mood, and particularly sleep. These rhythms are modulated by the clock gene machinery and its products. It is hypothesized that SDT resets abnormal clock gene machinery, that relapse of depressive symptoms during recovery night sleep reactivates abnormal clock gene machinery, and that supplemental chronotherapies and medications can block relapse and help stabilize circadian-related improvement. The central circadian clock genes, BMAL1/CLOCK (NPAS2), bind to Enhancer Boxes to initiate the transcription of circadian genes, including the period genes (per1, per2, per3). It is suggested that a defect in BMAL1/CLOCK (NPAS2) or in the Enhancer Box binding contributes to altered circadian function associated, in part, with the period genes. The fact that chronotherapies, including SDT and sleep phase advance, are dramatically effective suggests that altered clock gene machinery may represent a core pathophysiological defect in a subset of mood disorder patients.
Exploring arrestee drug use in rural Nebraska

Since 1987, the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program (ADAM—formerly known as the Drug Use Forecasting Program) has documented the prevalence and type of arrestee drug use across the nation. Unfortunately, this research is limited to urban or metropolitan areas, possibly because of presumed low levels of both crime and drugs in rural areas. The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of researching arrestee drug use in rural areas using data collected from the Rural ADAM Pilot Program. Specifically, this study examines the prevalence and type of arrestee drug use in four rural Nebraska counties and compares these results to those found in Omaha, Nebraska, which is a current ADAM site. Results indicated that arrestee drug use is similar to that in urban areas and the type of arrestee drug use varies across rural counties as well as between rural and urban areas. Most importantly, rural arrestee methamphetamine use appeared to exceed Omaha arrestee use in one rural area. These findings have subs...
A Model For Analyzing the Universality and Transferability of Management

The fundamentals of management comprise elements even of an embryonic science, then they must be universal and apply in varying environments and cultures. By separating science from art, this artic...
Music recommendation and query-by-content using Self-Organizing Maps

The ever-increasing density of computer storage devices has allowed the average user to store enormous quantities of multimedia content, and a large amount of this content is usually music. Current search techniques for musical content rely on meta-data tags which describe artist, album, year, genre, etc. Query-by-content systems allow users to search based upon the acoustical content of the songs. Recent systems have mainly depended upon textual representations of the queries and targets in order to apply common string-matching algorithms. However, these methods lose much of the information content of the song and limit the ways in which a user may search. We have created a music recommendation system that uses Self-Organizing Maps to find similarities between songs while preserving more of the original acoustical content. We build on the design of the recommendation system to create a musical query-by-content system. We discuss the weaknesses of the naive solution and then implement a quasi-supervised design and discuss some preliminary results.
Does Alcoholics Anonymous Work? The Results from a Meta-Analysis of Controlled Experiments

This article reviews the outcome (usually abstinence at 12 months) of 21 controlled studies of AA, with emphasis on methodological quality. Severe selection biases compromised all quasi-experiments. Randomized studies yielded worse results for AA than nonrandomized studies, but were biased by selection of coerced subjects. Attending conventional AA meetings was worse than no treatment or alternative treatment; residential AA-modeled treatments performed no better or worse than alternatives; and several components of AA seemed supported (recovering alcoholics as therapists, peer-led self-help therapy groups, teaching the Twelve-Step process, and doing an honest inventory).
Technology Use, Women, and Global Studies in Social Studies Teacher Education

This paper, which won a best paper award at the 2004 annual conference of the Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education, is a report of findings related to the introduction of technology in a course, entitled Women of the World, in a master’s degree program in the teaching of social studies. Recent academic research and journalistic commentary have pointed to a gender gap in technology use. The authors address this problem by infusing technology into an interdisciplinary course focused on women’s lives within a global context. By employing technology to teach innovative curriculum dealing with the status of women worldwide, the course attempts to motivate students, most of whom are women, to use technology in teaching. This strategy has succeeded by linking digital technology with powerful social studies content that holds considerable relevance to future teachers’ professional and personal lives.
Marriage and Patriarchy

Matheus Miller was a family man. His memoir records the growth of his household. The narrative of his youth ends with his marriage on 30 July 1647 to Anna Maria Warmberger and the birth eight months later of a son named Michael. The child survived a week, and Matheus dutifully sketched the ceremonies and recorded the expenses of its baptism and burial.1 At this point the form of the memoir changes abruptly, and narrative gives way to chronicle. The first entry concerns the birth, in 1650, of a second son and heir, Philip Jakob.2 Marriage and birth mark a turning point in Matheus’s consideration of his own life. Despite the simplicity of its description, that transition loomed complex in his mind. More than a simple change of circumstance, it was the foundation of a domestic kingdom, of mastery over wife, children and servants.3 Matheus had changed. The trials of his early years had ended; he had made a new beginning. He had moved from youth and dependence to adulthood and independence. He had become a husband, father and householder; he had become, in other words, a paterfamilias. In his memoir, he offered his own notion of patriarchy as practice.
Detection of Social Engineering Attacks Through Natural Language Processing of Conversations

As computer security approaches improve, social engineering attacks have become more prevalent because they exploit human vulnerabilities which are hard to automatically protect. We present an approach to detecting a social engineering attack which applies natural language processing techniques to identify suspicious comments made by an attacker. Social engineering attacks involve either questions which request private information, or commands which request the listener to perform tasks which the speaker is not authorized to perform. Our approach uses natural language processing techniques to detect questions and commands, and extract their likely topics. Each extracted topic is compared against a topic blacklist to determine if the question or command is malicious. Our approach is generally applicable to many attack vectors since it relies only on the dialog text. We have applied our approach to analyze the transcripts of several attack dialogs and we have achieved high detection accuracy and low false positive rates in our experiments.
Development of Feeding Formulations for Boll Weevil: Effect of Ratios of Cottonseed Oil to Invert Sugar on Quantity Ingested and Initiation of a Feeding Response123

The importance of ratios of cottonseed oil to invert sugar in formulations of bait used against Anthonomus grandis Boheman was evaluated by determining the effect on weevil feeding responses and quantity ingested. Previous baits using water as a major quantity and occasionally with fumaric acid added were compared to the new baits. Addition of fumaric acid gave no clear improvement in either the percentage of the weevils that started to feed or in an increase in total amount eaten per feeding individual. The 100% oil bait had the greatest ingestion response and was equaled statistically by other high oil baits. The greatest difference between formulations was seen with initiation of feeding. The percentage of weevils that started to feed was positively correlated to increased concentrations of invert sugar. Therefore, the best field formulations must be a balance between the percentage of the population that can be induced to feed on the bait and the total amount eaten by an individual weevil when the pathogen or chemical must be eaten in order to kill the insect. The desired goal is that of getting enough of the population to eat a killing dose of the bait in order to produce an acceptable reduction of the population.
Die entwicklungspsychologische Sprachtherapie mit kleinen Kindern

Einleitend legt die Autorin die theoretischen Zusammenhange dar, auf denen die entwicklungspsychologische Sprachtherapie basiert. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei
Bis[μ-2-(phenyl­sulfan­yl)anilido-κ2N:N]bis­[bis­(tetra­hydro­furan-κO)lithium]

The title compound, [Li2(C12H10NS)2(C4H8O)4], exists as a dimer in the solid state, with a central four-membered Li2N2 ring that is planar by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The Li atoms are bridged by the N atoms of two anilide ligands, and each Li atom is coordinated by two O atoms from tetra­hydro­furan ligands, resulting in a distorted tetra­hedral N2O2 environment. One of the tetra­hydro­furan rings is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.665 (16):0.335 (6) ratio.
Coincidence Dips and Revivals from a Type-II Optical Parametric Amplifier

The signal and idler beams from a doubly-resonant, type-II phase matched optical parametric amplifier are shown to produce a series of coincidence-counting dips and revivals in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer.
Effects of Temperature and Nitrogen Sources on the Parasitism of Dimargaris Verticillata On Mortierella Alpina and M. Ramanniana Var. Angulispora

SUMMARY Parasitism of Dimargaris verticillata on Mortierella alpina and M. ramanniana var. angulispora developed more rapidly on a glucose-yeast extract (5-5 g/liter) agar medium as temperature was raised from 15 C to 24 C. The glucose-yeast extract agar medium supported good parasitism of D. verticillata on M. alpina, but only poor parasitism on M. ramanniana var. angulispora. Dimargaris verticillata parasitized M. alpina extensively on media containing L-glutamaic acid, glycine or peptone, with or without thiamine. However, the parasitism of M. ramanniana var. angulispora on these media only occurred when thiamine was present. The concentration and source of nitrogen affected the extent and/or rate of deveolpment of D. verticillata on these hosts. Mandelbrot and Erb (1972) showed that the mycoparasite, Dimargaris verticillata Benjamin parasitized only species of the Mucorales in the spectrum of potential hosts used in that study. Mortierella ramanniana var. angulispora (Naumov) Linnemann was not parasitized on a glucose-yeast extract (5-5 g/liter) agar medium under the conditions of their study. Barnett (1970) reported a thiamine deficiency for D. verticillata and obtained good axenic growth on a medium containing glycerol, a high concentration of casein hydrolysate and thiamine.
Rediscussion on the latest drying up of the "Great Ear" in the Lop Nor area

Based on the previous survey results,various remote sensing imagery,and authors' field investigation,a few new understandings on the timing of the latest drying up of the "Great Ear" in the Lop Nor area were achieved.A reinterpretation of the 1958 aerial photographs completed suggest that the official topographic maps derived from the 1958 aerial photographs for the study area are incorrect in properties of several surface features.The concentric salt crust landform was already in place prior to the 1958 great flood and only a small portion of the area of the "Great Ear" was flooded.137Cs isotope dating results show since 1950's only 0-9cm surface soil had deposited that reject the hypothesis that the "Great Ear" in the Lop Nor area was formed by rapid drying up of the 1958 flood water within 4 to 5 years during the early 1960's.And the high sediment concentration of salt crust rejects the formation only 4~5 years also.14C isotope dating results at the 105 cm deep puddle soil layer of profile F01 shows its age more then 3 000 a.It means during the early and mid Holocene there were immersed by water and plant growth thickly.Except for the inner part of the "Great Ear" which was still covered by lake water in 1930's,the widespread slat crust area within the "great Ear" area was formed during the late Holocene(3 000 a B P).The "Great Ear" experienced the fresh water lake-semi saline lake-saline lake-salt lake-dry salt lake stages.
Dose rate distribution in triple-layered dielectric cylinder with irregular cross section irradiated by plane wave sources.

ABSTRACTPrevious investigations have shown that absorptions of microwave energy in biological bodies depend, in part, on the size and shape of the biological bodies.N Calculations of dose rate distributions in regularly-shaped biological tissues have been reported. In this investigation, dose distributions are calculated for a human thigh simulated by a dielectric cylinder with irregular cross section. Method of moments is used in the investigation. The results indicate possibility of using method of moments to calculate dose distribution in a two-dimensional irregularly-shaped biological body. It is concluded that additional research is needed to determine dose rate distribution in three-dimensional irregularly-shaped biological bodies.
Alkaline Earth Chemistry: Synthesis and Structures

Despite their highly electropositive character and almost universally divalent metal centers, the coordination and organometallic compounds of the alkaline-earth (group 2) elements (beryllium to barium) display remarkable diversity. A variety of synthetic methods can be used to produce them, from direct oxidation of the metals to ligand-exchange reactions. The change in radius from Be 2 + to Ba 2 + is nearly sixfold, and there is a correspondingly large range of coordination numbers and structural types known – from monomers to three-dimensional coordination polymers. Widely used sterically bulky ligands have greatly improved the solubility and modified the reactivity of alkaline-earth compounds, and computations increasingly have been used to describe their metal–ligand interactions, including the involvement of metal d orbitals in bonding.
Study of malaria incidence in Bishrampur Block (Palamau).

Plasmodium vivax et P. falciparum sont isoles de 42716 individus (34% de la population) avec fievre. On note une incidence plus elevee du paludisme pendant les mois d'hiver. Les infections a P. vivax sont plus frequentes que celles a P. falciparum. On note de plus une predominance dans le sexe masculin. Quelques cas atypiques de paludisme sont observes
The Determinants of Development Costs

Although a great many studies have been made of the costs of production in various firms and industries, there is surprisingly little information concerning the costs of development. Even the most basic sorts of data are generally unavailable. For example, we do not have even crude estimates of how much it cost to develop the individual new products that have arisen in recent years in various sectors of the economy. Beyond this, little attempt has been made to test various hypotheses concerning the determinants of development costs. Economists have hypothesized that the cost of developing a new product depends on the size and complexity of the product being developed, the extent of the advance in performance that is sought, the development time, the available stock of knowledge, components, and materials, and the development strategy that is pursued. But there has been little or no attempt to test these hypotheses or provide quantitative estimates of the effects of these or other factors.
The effects of elevated hearing thresholds on performance in a paintball simulation of individual dismounted combat.

AbstractObjective: To examine the relationship between hearing acuity and operational performance in simulated dismounted combat. Design: Individuals wearing hearing loss simulation systems competed in a paintball-based exercise where the objective was to be the last player remaining. Four hearing loss profiles were tested in each round (no hearing loss, mild, moderate and severe) and four rounds were played to make up a match. This allowed counterbalancing of simulated hearing loss across participants. Study sample: Forty-three participants across two data collection sites (Fort Detrick, Maryland and the United States Military Academy, New York). All participants self-reported normal hearing except for two who reported mild hearing loss. Results: Impaired hearing had a greater impact on the offensive capabilities of participants than it did on their “survival”, likely due to the tendency for individuals with simulated impairment to adopt a more conservative behavioural strategy than those with normal hea...
P29: Size doesn’t matter: Lack of correlation between gastric pouch size and weight loss after laparoscopic gastric bypass

strictive part of biliopancreatic diversion duodenal switch (BPD) that has recently been used as an isolated operation in a staged therapy concept. We investigated early results of LSG in a prospective pilot study. Methods: Between 6/04 and 10/06 LSG was performed on 52 pts, 23 times after failed gastric banding, 71% were female, mean age was 43 (24-64) years, mean initial BMI 49 (38-58) kg/m. Mean follow-up time was 9 (1-25) months, the rate was 100%. Results: Mean operative time was 101 (70-200) minutes for primary LSG. No intraoperative complications were observed. There was one conversion to an open procedure. Early morbidity was 8% (dysphagia: 1, portal vein thrombosis: 1, non-surgical: 2). Mean BMI loss 12 months postop. was 12 kg/m following LSG, corresponding to an excessive weight loss of 54% respectively. Up to date laparoscopic BPD had to be performed twice after insufficient weight loss following LSG. Conclusion: LSG is a safe initial bariatric procedure in a staged concept and has the potential to be sufficient as definitive operation in some patients. PII: S1550-7289(07)00268-7
Measuring the impact of ambulatory red blood cell transfusion on home functional status: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is frequently employed in both ambulatory and hospital environments with the aim of improving patient functional status. In the ambulatory setting, this practice is particularly common in patients with malignancy due to anemia associated with their cancer therapy. Increasingly, the efficacy of this US$10.5 billion per year practice has been called into question. While it is often standard of care for patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia to receive ambulatory RBC transfusions, it is unclear to what extent such transfusions affect home functional status. It is also unclear whether or not changes in functional status in this population can be objectively quantified using wearable activity monitors. We propose to directly measure the impact of outpatient RBC transfusions on at-home functional status by recording several physiological parameters and quantifiable physical activity metrics, e.g., daily energy expenditure and daily total step count, using the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT. This device is an accelerometer-based wearable activity monitor similar in size to a small watch and is worn at the waist. Study participants will wear the device during the course of their daily activities giving us quantifiable insight into activity levels in the home environment. This will be a randomized crossover pilot clinical trial with a participant study duration of 28 days. The crossover nature allows each patient to serve as their own control. Briefly, patients presenting at a tertiary medical center’s Ambulatory Infusion Center (AIC) will be randomized to either: (1) receive an RBC transfusion as scheduled (transfusion) or (2) abstain from the scheduled transfusion (no transfusion). After an appropriate washout period, participants will crossover from the transfusion arm to the no-transfusion arm or vice versa. Activity levels will be recorded continuously throughout the study using an accelerometry monitor. In addition to device data, functional status and health outcomes will be collected via a weekly telephone interview. The primary outcome measure will be daily energy expenditure. Performance metrics, such as step count changes, will also be evaluated. Additional secondary outcome measures will include daily sedentary time and Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global 10 Survey scores. This trial will provide important information on the feasibility and utility of using accelerometry monitors to directly assess the impact of RBC transfusion on patients’ functional status. The results of the study will inform the merit and methods of a more definitive future trial evaluating the impact of ambulatory RBC transfusions in the target population. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02835937 . Registered on 15 July 2016.
Chemotherapy (CTX) treatment patterns for early-stage breast cancer (ESBC): Changing use of anthracyclines (A).

1083 Background: Anthracyclines (A), given in sequence or combination, have been the mainstay of adjuvant CTX for ESBC. Recent molecular studies have questioned the value of A for ESBC. Trials for ESBC, presented primarily in 2005, have demonstrated similar or improved efficacy with non-anthracycline (NA) CTX. We sought to understand changing use of A for ESBC from 2000-2010 as reported in the population-based 9-county Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry (GBACR). Methods: Using the GBACR database, we recorded use of A or NA based CTX regimens in women with ESBC and no prior CTX from 2000-2010, and correlated type of CTX with tumor stage, receptor status, and age. We evaluated the use of A vs. NA (80% taxane-based) CTX from 2000-2005 and 2006-2010. Results: 16,476 patients (pts) met criteria for inclusion; 2,032 (12%) were excluded (missing information, or CTX not given). Pt characteristics were: median age 52 (range 21-94), stage I (25%), II (56%), and III (19%), 69% HR+. From 2000-2010, 83% received A; over...
Current Status of Catheter-Based Treatment of Mitral Valve Regurgitation

This review examines the current status of catheter-based repair and replacement for mitral valve disease, with a focus on native primary and secondary mitral valve regurgitation. Transcatheter mitral valve repair with the MitraClip®, with >40,000 performed procedures worldwide, has significantly advanced the field of transcatheter therapy for mitral valve regurgitation. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement remains in the early stages of development, mainly due to the complex anatomy and physiology of the mitral valve. Early feasibility studies in high-risk patients show promising procedural success, yet the adverse events require further study. Transcatheter therapies for mitral valve disease are the next endeavor for the pioneers of percutaneous structural heart disease interventions. Early results are encouraging but also show that further rigorous study is needed to determine efficacy and safety.
The synthesis of methionine by enzymic transmethylation. V. Chromatographic analysis of thetinhomocysteine methylpherase on modified cellulose columns.

Abstract The chromatographic behavior of the enzyme thetin-homocysteine methylpherase has been examined on both DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose columns. The enzyme is not held on DEAE-cellulose, but this adsorbent has been found suitable for a final purification step. After DEAE-cellulose treatment, thetin-homocysteine methylpherase behaves as a single component during chromatography on CM-cellulose columns. It has been shown that there is no chromatographic difference between the monomer and the polymeric form of the enzyme. On the other hand, chromatographic evidence has been presented for the formation of a number of mixed disulfides of thetin-homocysteine methylpherase and various low molecular weight thiols. Such mixed disulfides often exhibit markedly altered chromatographic behavior and may be of some general significance.
Does the Middle Conform or Compete? Risk and Audience Response as Scope for Mid-Status Conformity

The middle-status conformity argument contends that actors in the middle of a status hierarchy fear falling below the standards of their audience and hence conform to prevailing norms. On the other...
Programa Nacional de Vacinação 2017 e vacinação antitetânica

Tetanus is a severe infectious disease caused by the contamination of wounds by spores of Clostridium tetani. Immunization is the only intervention able to produce immunity, but administration of several boosters is required to maintain protective and long-lasting antibody levels. Recent changes have been made to the Portuguese immunisation scheme, to come into force in 2017. These changes include a reduction in the number of recommended boosters, in line with recommendations from other European Union countries. The aim of this paper is to substantiate and analyse the evidence supporting these changes.
Introduction: The Person in Politics and Culture

Drawing together psychological anthropology and the study of political subjectivity, Friedman and Strauss explore how politics becomes part of who we are. Tracing an arc from theories of culture to theories of subjectivity, the chapter argues for the special value of a person-centered research approach that will allow theories of political subjectivity to be built up from the individual. This chapter examines a number of critical questions that are explored throughout this volume: What is the role of emotions in politics? How are political messages taken up by the public? What are the subjective consequences of conflicting political discourses? How do people’s identities relate to politics? What are the subjectivities of political bystanders? How do people become politically active? How do we explain populist politics?
APOE genotype modifies the association between central arterial stiffening and cognition in older adults.

Abstract Arterial stiffening is associated with cognitive impairment and prodromal Alzheimer's disease. This study tested the interaction between arterial stiffening and an Alzheimer's disease genetic risk factor (apolipoprotein E [APOE] genotype) on cognition among older adults. Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project participants with normal cognition (n = 162, 72 ± 7 years, 29% APOE-e4 carrier) and mild cognitive impairment (n = 121, 73 ± 8 years, 42% APOE-e4 carrier) completed neuropsychological assessment and cardiac MRI to assess aortic stiffening using pulse wave velocity (PWV, m/s). Linear regression models stratified by cognitive diagnosis related aortic PWV × APOE-e4 status to neuropsychological performances, adjusting for demographic and vascular risk factors. PWV × APOE-e4 related to poorer performance on measures of lexical retrieval (β = −0.29, p = 0.01), executive function (β = −0.44, p = 0.02), and episodic memory (β = −3.07, p = 0.02). Among participants with higher aortic PWV, APOE-e4 modified the association between central arterial stiffening and cognition, such that carriers had worse performances than noncarriers. Findings add to a growing body of evidence for APOE-vascular interactions on cognition in older adults and warrant further research into less heart-healthy cohorts where the association between PWV and cognition among older adults might be stronger.