cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of slugging regime and transition to turbulent regime for fluidized beds of large coarse particles

Slugging characteristics, including slug velocity and frequency and the height of the slugging bed, for a slugging bed of four different types of coarse particles ranging from 1 to 7 mm in size are determined based on pressure fluctuation behavior of the bed. The slugging characteristics of coarse particle slugging beds are found to be much different from those of the particle slugging beds reported in the literature. The pressure fluctuation behavior in a coarse particle turbulent bed and the transition velocity from a slugging bed to a turbulent bed is also examined.
Medically refractory unstable angina pectoris. I. Long-term follow-up of patients undergoing intraaortic balloon counterpulsation and operation.

Abstract Of 82 patients with medically refractory unstable angina pectoris seen between October 1972 and January 1978, 60 patients underwent a combination of intraaortic balloon pump counterpulsation, cardiac catheterization and coronary revascularization. Most patients had atherosclerotic involvement of the vessels of the anterior left ventricular wall, 48 patients (80 percent) had abnormalities of left ventricular wall contraction and 22 patients (36 percent) had evidence of acute myocardial injury. One operative and one late death occurred. The perioperative infarction rate was 5 percent. Survivors, followed up for 3 to 63 months (mean 31 months), have done remarkably well; 77 percent are considered employable, and more than 90 percent are in functional class I or II.
Metrology laboratory requirements for third-generation synchrotron radiation sources

New third-generation synchrotron radiation sources that are now, or will soon, come on line will need to decide how to handle the testing of optical components delivered for use in their beam lines. In many cases it is desirable to establish an in-house metrology laboratory to do the work. We review the history behind the formation of the Optical Metrology Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the rationale for its continued existence. We offer suggestions to those who may be contemplating setting up similar facilities, based on our experiences over the past two decades.
Mutations causing in vitro resistance to azithromycin in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

In 1999, a cluster of gonococcal isolates exhibiting high Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs), to azithromycin (2.0-4.0 mg/l) were identified in Kansas City, MO. Isolates were characterized by auxotype/serovar class, lipoprotein (Lip) subtyping and sequencing of the mtrR gene, which has been implicated in decreased azithromycin susceptibility in the gonococcus. Isolates were Pro/IB-3 and contained the 17c Lip subtype. Molecular characterization of the mtrR gene revealed a 153 base pair insertion sequence located between the mtrR/mtrC promoter and the mtrC gene. Some isolates also contained a frame shift within the mtrR gene. Transformation of these mutations into an azithromycin-sensitive recipient strain resulted in transformants with MICs as high as 2.0 mg/l and inactivation of the mtrD gene reduced azithromycin MICs 270-fold. These results demonstrated that the mtr mutations were responsible for the increased MICs in these isolates.
Antithrombin III deficiency, deep venous thrombosis, and oral contraceptive use

Oral contraceptive use is a risk factor for the development of deep venous thromboses in adolescents. Most patients with venous thromboses have no well-defined disorder of hemostasis. Identifying such abnormalities in some patients however will allow the best decisions to be made concerning contraceptive practices the treatment of acute thromboses and long-term prophylaxis. For example studies have established a relationship between oral contraceptive use and changes in antithrombin III. A case is presented which highlights the multifaceted nature of venous thromboses and the need for clinicians to be aware of potential hypercoagulable states and their implications for patient care. A 16-year-old Black female had a five-day history of rapidly progressive left leg swelling and pain. Five weeks earlier she was diagnosed with dysfunctional uterine bleeding and placed upon a triphasic oral contraceptive. This patient had multiple risks for thrombosis including obesity prolonged periods of bed rest oral contraceptive use and possibly hypercoagulability related to markedly decreased antithrombin III levels. The patient was initially felt to be at high risk for a congenital antithrombin III deficiency because of her profoundly low plasma level and thus treated with antithrombin III concentrates. Based on the subsequent normalization of her antithrombin III levels however it appears that her acquired deficiency resulted from either accelerated utilization associated with an extensive thrombus or oral contraceptive use or the combination of both. Decreases in antithrombin III of this magnitude have not been previously reported in association with either oral contraceptives or extensive thromboses. The clinical importance of acquired antithrombin III deficiency for an increased risk of venous thromboembolism remains uncertain.
Simulation of nitrogen emissions in a premixed hydrogen flame stabilized on a low swirl burner

Abstract There is considerable interest in developing fuel-flexible, low emissions turbines for power generation. One approach is based on burning a variety of lean premixed fuels with relatively low flame temperatures. Such flames can be stabilized in a low swirl burner configuration, for example, using a variety of fuels such as pure hydrogen and hydrogen-seeded hydrocarbon mixtures. However, many hydrogen-rich fuels are thermodiffusively unstable and burn in cellular flame structures, which can have a significant impact on the local nitrogen chemistry. These cellular burning patterns are characterized by a local enhancement of fuel concentration and a corresponding increase in local flame temperature just downstream. In turn, these regions become sites for enhanced thermal NO x production. The structure of these cells, and their impact on the net emissions of a flame is influenced by the global flame stabilization mechanisms and by local turbulence properties. Here we investigate the role of thermodiffusive instabilities on NO x emissions in the context of a laboratory-scale low swirl burner fueled with a lean hydrogen–air mixture at atmospheric pressure. The simulations show how the cellular burning structures characteristic of lean premixed hydrogen combustion lead to local and global enhancements in the NO x emissions. We quantify the chemical pathways that lead to the formation of NO and N 2 O, and how they are enhanced within local regions of intense burning.
Performance following convertible bond issuance

Abstract Using a sample of 986 convertible bond issuers of U.S. operating companies during 1975–1990, we document poor stock and operating performance in the years following the offering. The underperformance of stock returns cannot be explained by new issues activity (recent initial public offerings (IPOs) or seasoned equity offerings (SEOs)) or the level of the proceeds. Concurrent with the low subsequent stock returns, we document a rapid decline in the operating performance of the issuers following the offering. Profit margin and return on assets for the issuers are approximately halved in the four years after the convertible bond issue.
Cardiopulmonary Arrest after Retrobular Block

A 61-year-old woman experienced a cardiopulmonary arrest immediately after the retrobulbar injection of a mixture of 2 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine HCl, 2% mepivacaine HCl, and hyaluronidase. The patient was immediately resuscitated but remained unconscious for a total of 20 minutes. All neurologic deficits resolved completely over the two hours following the cardiopulmonary arrest and no adverse sequelae were noted. We assumed that this cardiopulmonary arrest was precipitated by the local anesthetic being transported via retrograde flow through the ophthalmic artery and then by antegrade flow through the internal carotid artery to the thalamus and other midbrain structures.
Image Reconstruction Of Multiplane Gamma-Ray Sources With A Fresnel Zone Plate Aperture

A process is described for digitally reconstructing images of gamma-ray emitting organs recorded through an off-axis Fresnel zone plate aperture. This technique produces image cross sections for given depths which contain both quantitative and qualitative information about the source. The practicality of digital decoding is demonstrated experimentally by comparing the digital and optical reconstructions of images of a multi-plane gamma-ray source. Specifically, the multiplane source consists of numerals one, two and three located in three distinct planes at successive depths from the detector. The digital method of reconstruction has the following advantages over a method employing optical reconstruction. A quasi-real time system capable of recording and producing images can be assembled using components currently available. Quantitative data such as the source size and depth are readily determined. Digital image processing can be easily implemented to reduce the effect of artifacts and noise. Unlike the case using optical re-construction, the image depth dimension is not distorted in comparison with the source depth. Nonlinearity and film noise associated with the photographic process of obtaining a reduced transparency are avoided.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Catholic women fiction writers, 1840–1920

(1991). Catholic women fiction writers, 1840–1920. Women's Studies: Vol. 19, No. 3-4, pp. 385-405.
Genital Mycotic Infections in Patients With Diabetes

Patients with diabetes, especially those with poorly controlled glycemia, are prone to developing genital mycotic infections-vulvovaginal candidiasis in women and Candida balanitis in men-the latter almost exclusively in uncircumcised men. Candida albicans is the most common pathogen causing balanitis and is also the dominant cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with diabetes, although Candida glabrata is a prominent pathogen in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Candida glabrata is less virulent but also less susceptible to conventional antifungal treatment. High blood glucose levels promote yeast attachment and growth, and also interfere with immune responses in the host. In uncircumcised men, the moist, warm space underneath the foreskin is thought to promote yeast growth, especially when hygiene is poor. Several other risk factors have been identified that predispose to genital mycotic infections, including antibiotic use, corticosteroid use, immunosuppression, atopy, and, in women only, genetics, pregnancy, estrogen/oral contraceptive use, and select sexual behaviors (eg, orogenital sex). In patients with hyperglycemia, risk is increased for not only incident infection but also for recurrence, underscoring the key role of establishing and maintaining euglycemia in the management of genital mycotic infections in patients with diabetes. In addition to blood glucose control, first-line treatment involves either an antifungal cream/ointment (or suppository for women only) that is applied intravaginally by women and directly to the affected area(s) by men, or oral treatment, which infrequently causes systemic side effects. Antifungal treatment should also be offered to sexual partners of patients with diabetes with a genital mycotic infection if the partner is similarly infected. Given high efficacy rates, follow-up test-of-cure after the completion of treatment is generally unnecessary.
An unusual case of vegetative aortitis diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography

Abstract We report a case of Staphylococcus aureus aortitis in a 42-year-old man who had a fever, an embolus to the left upper arm, and positive blood cultures. Transesophageal echocardiography re-vealed a 3 × 1-centimeter polypoid mass attached to the intima of the medial wall of the aorta, just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery. The clinical presentation and the transesophageal echocardiography findings led to the diagnosis of vegetative aortitis. Antibiotic therapy was begun, and 5 days later the mass was surgically excised to prevent the possible formation of an infective aortic aneurysm and embolization to the vital organs. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001;14:237-9.)
Reactions of coordinated complexes I. The reaction of bis(acetylacetonato)nickel(II) with carbon disulfide

Abstract The reaction of bis(acetylacetonato)nickel(II), (Ni(AcAc)2)3, with carbon disulfide, followed by extraction with anhydrous ether yields a reddish brown solid, found on analysis to have the same composition as (Ni(AcAc)2)3. The Ni(AcAc)2 species is confirmed by infrared spectra. In addition, the mass spectra are identical, each containing a peak at m/e 256 corresponding to Ni(AcAc)2 units per molecule. The presence of square planar nickel is shown by magnetic susceptibility measurements. The UV–visible spectrum of the product is typical of those containing square planar nickel. The spectrum in the near-IR confirms the presence of octahedral nickel. The ratio of square planar to octahedral species is shown to be one to three. On the basis of the experimental observations, a structure of the product is proposed.
Scanning electron microscopy of developing human deciduous incisor teeth.

Abstract The mineralized parts of the teeth of 17 human fetal dentitions, aged 15–38 weeks, were measured mesio-distally and occluso-cervically. The growth pattern of the incisors, with particular emphasis on the changes at the developing incisal edge was studied. Contralateral teeth in the same arch developed at approximately the same rate and with mirror-image morphology. Mineralization started in the upper and lower central incisors, followed by the corresponding lateral incisors. It then progressed at approximately the same rate for both incisors. At first, mesio-distal enamel growth was more significant, but was surpassed by occluso-cervical development later. Five developmental stages were identified as the incisors developed from a central lobe to the mature form. The main component of growth for the mesial lobe was in the incisal direction, and for the distal lobe in a distal direction, resulting in the characteristic approximal asymmetry of these teeth.
The Effects of Response Format of a Structured Learning Sequence on Third Grade Children's Classification Achievement.

Classification was selected for use in this investigation because of the central position of process factors in teaching and learning. A twelve section classification program which was based on 12 rules derived from Piaget's analysis of classification was used in the study. The program was produced in both a constructed response (CR) format and in a matching multiple choice (MC) response format. The 36-item classification test was similarly produced in both response modes. Criterion scores on both the CR test and the MC test were collected from each of the 239 grade three subjects following treatment with the CR program, the MC program, or with drawing activities (control). The results of the multivariate and univariate analyses of variance indicated that the program in both response modes enhanced classification achievement although the effects on MC test scores were not consistent across classes, and that each program format enhanced achievement to a greater degree on the test which matched the program response mode.
The prevalence and clinical course of facial nerve paresis following cochlear implant surgery.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To describe the prevalence, clinical course, and outcomes of facial nerve paresis following cochlear implantation and to identify variables associated with poor definitive facial nerve function. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study with systematic literature review. Methods: All patients who underwent cochlear implantation between January 1990 and December 2010 at a single tertiary academic referral center were reviewed. Data including clinical presentation, intraoperative findings, onset, severity, management, and outcomes of all patients who experienced facial nerve paresis following cochlear implantation were recorded. Results: Eight hundred eighty-eight cochlear implants (282 pediatric, 606 adult) were performed in 768 patients. Eleven patients with postoperative facial nerve paresis were identified. Ten patients (1.1%) developed delayed-onset paresis and had complete recovery within 6 months of surgery, whereas a single patient (0.1%) demonstrated immediate onset paresis and experienced incomplete return of facial nerve function. Seventeen additional cases were identified in the literature and were summarized. Conclusions: Facial nerve paresis following cochlear implantation is rare. Most cases demonstrate a delayed onset and have complete recovery within months of surgery. Delayed onset facial nerve paresis following cochlear implantation heralds an excellent prognosis, whereas immediate onset facial paresis prognosticates a poorer outcome. In the absence of medical contraindications, corticosteroid therapy should be considered in facial paresis following cochlear implant surgery.
Observations on regioselectivity during the addition of carbon nucleophiles to isoprene-Mo(CO)2Tp cationic complex

Abstract Addition of carbon nucleophiles, such as phenylmagnesium bromide, to isoprene-Mo(CO)2Tp (Tp = hydridotris(1-pyrazolyl)borato), can proceed with excellent regiocontrol, predominantly at the diene terminus remote from the 2-methyl substituent. In contrast to the corresponding cyclopentadienyl complex, their is no reversal of regiochemistry as a result of solvent effects.
Hierarchical maximum entropy modeling for regression

Maximumentropy/iterative scaling (ME/IS)models have been well developed for classification on categorical (discrete-field) feature spaces. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical maximum entropy regression (HMEreg) model in building a posterior model for continuous target, which encodes constraints in the hierarchical tree structures from both input features and target output variable. In ME models, the tradeoff between model bias and variance is found in the constraints encoded into the model - complex constraints give the model more representation capacity butmay over-fit, whereas simple constraints may produce less over-fitting but may have much more model bias. We developed a greedy order-growing constraint search method to sequentially build constraints with flexible order based on likelihood gain on a validation set. Experiments showed the HMEreg model performed comparably to or better than other regression models, including generalized linear regression, multi-layer perceptron, support vector regression, and regression tree.
Sustainability and the value of the ‘regulating’ services: Wetlands and water quality in Lake Victoria

Abstract The regulating services provided by ecosystems are amongst the most important for the sustainability of resource use, and yet they are also amongst the least understood. This paper considers one set of regulating mechanisms – the buffering functions of wetlands – and considers the information needed to identify both the value of the services offered by wetlands, and their substitutes. Using data from a catchment discharging water and nutrients to the Kenyan segment of Lake Victoria, the Yala catchment, the paper models the interactions between agriculture and fisheries as mediated by wetlands at the lake margin. More particularly, it estimates the value of the forgone nutrient retention function involved in the conversion of the wetland to agriculture, and the scope for providing the same services through land use change elsewhere in the catchment. The total cost of the payments that would compensate farmers for on-farm nutrient buffering services is 3.86 M US$ year− 1, or 35% of the total gains from wetland conversion to crop production. This finding contributes to an understanding of both the value of regulating services and how they might most effectively be delivered in alternative ways.
Adult age differences in recall of performed and nonperformed items

Memory for performed cognitive activities (e.g., psychometric tests of intelligence), for performed brief actions (e.g., hand wave), and for nonperformed items (e.g., written words) was assessed for 102 older and 101 younger adults. Although enactment improved recall, the beneficial effects of enactment were the same for both age groups. In fact, more than 80% of the age-related variance in memory for performed items was shared with memory for nonperformed items. Working memory and perceptual speed were important to the age differences in memory for both types of items. Performed and nonperformed items showed different serial position effects. However, the correlation between memory for the 2 types of items was high, especially for older adults, suggesting that the 2 types of memory share many common processes.
Regulation of the Ets-related transcription factor Elf-1 by binding to the retinoblastoma protein

The retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) is a nuclear phosphoprotein that regulates cell cycle progression. Elf-1 is a lymphoid-specific Ets transcription factor that regulates inducible gene expression during T cell activation. In this report, it is demonstrated that Elf-1 contains a sequence motif that is highly related to the Rb binding sites of several viral oncoproteins and binds to the pocket region of Rb both in vitro and in vivo. Elf-1 binds exclusively to the underphosphorylated form of Rb and fails to bind to Rb mutants derived from patients with retinoblastoma. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated an association between Elf-1 and Rb in resting normal human T cells. After T cell activation, the phosphorylation of Rb results in the release of Elf-1, which is correlated temporally with the activation of Elf-1-mediated transcription. Overexpression of a phosphorylation-defective form of Rb inhibited Elf-1-dependent transcription during T cell activation. These results demonstrate that Rb interacts specifically with a lineage-restricted Ets transcription factor. This regulated interaction may be important for the coordination of lineage-specific effector functions such as lymphokine production with cell cycle progression in activated T cells.
Multiplication of signed-digit numbers

A recently proposed technique for common-multiplicand multiplication of binary numbers is shown to be applicable to signed-digit numbers. The authors prove that multiplication of a single k-bit multiplicand by n k-bit multipliers can be performed using 0.306nk additions for canonically recorded signed-digit numbers, whereas the binary case requires 0.375nk additions.< >
Feminism, ecofeminism, and the maternal archetype: Motherhood as a feminine universal

This essay analyzes the use of the maternal archetype in ecofeminist rhetoric. The maternal archetype is a rhetorically powerful image that is invoked to motivate the protection and sustenance of the environment. However, the use of motherhood as a unifying principle confounds womanhood with motherhood, and fails to honor the complexity of motherhood as an ideologically and socially constructed institution. A gender‐neutral metaphor may more effectively serve both the environmental and feminist interests of the ecofeminist movement. This analysis leads to the conclusion that invoking archetypal images uncritically may serve to obscure alternative cultural, ideological, and political values.
Mechanics based statistical prediction of structure size and geometry efiects on safety factors for composites and other quasibrittle materials

For a rational determination of safety factors, it is necessary to establish the probability density distribution function (pdf) of the structural strength. For perfectly ductile and perfectly brittle materials, the proper pdf’s of the nominal strength of structure are known to be Gaussian and Weibullian, respectively, and are invariable with structure size and geometry. However, for quasibrittle materials, many of which came recently to the forefront of attention, the pdf has recently been shown to depend on structure size and geometry, varying gradually from Gaussian pdf with a remote Weibull tail at small sizes to a fully Weibull pdf at large sizes. This recent result is reviewed, and then mathematically extended in two ways: 1) to a mathematical description of structural lifetime as a function of applied (time-invariable) nominal stress, and 2) to a mathamatical description of the statistical parameters of the pdf of structural strength as a function of structure size and shape. Experimental veriflcation and calibration is relegated to a subsequent journal article.
Magnet Coil System for a Superconducting Spectrometer (HISS)

The Heavy Ion Superconducting Spectrometer (HISS) facility and coils are briefly described while most of the paper discusses the support structures consisting of flanged doubly tapered stainless steel cylinders having a Z-shaped cross-section with average diameter of approximately 2.35 meters and height of approx. .49 meters. This member serves as a one piece coil support to resist gravitational, seismic, and magnetic forces with an approximate heat leak to helium of 59 watts per cylinder during operation of magnet at 4 degrees K. Maximum magnetic forces on each coil are over 11 meganewtons at 3T excitation. Magnetic forces attracting the coils to the core vary with excitation in direction as well as in magnitude. Radial magnetic forces produce stresses internal to the coil bobbin.
Down-regulation of estrogen receptor-alpha and rearranged during transfection tyrosine kinase is associated with withaferin a-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Withaferin A (WA), a naturally occurring withanolide, induces apoptosis in both estrogen-responsive MCF-7 and estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines with higher sensitivity in MCF-7 cells, but the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-cancer effects of WA in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and explore alterations in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and its associated molecules in vitro as novel mechanisms of WA action. The effects of WA on MCF-7 viability and proliferation were evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and trypan blue exclusion assays. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry and Western blot analysis of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Cell cycle effects were analyzed by PI flow cytometry. Western blotting was also conducted to examine alterations in the expression of ERα and pathways that are associated with ERα function. WA resulted in growth inhibition and decreased viability in MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 576 nM for 72 h. It also caused a dose- and time-dependent apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. WA-induced apoptosis was associated with down-regulation of ERα, REarranged during Transfection (RET) tyrosine kinase, and heat shock factor-1 (HSF1), as well as up-regulation of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (phospho-p38 MAPK), p53 and p21 protein expression. Co-treatment with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide or proteasome inhibitor MG132 revealed that depletion of ERα by WA is post-translational, due to proteasome-dependent ERα degradation. Taken together, down-regulation of ERα, RET, HSF1 and up-regulation of phospho-p38 MAPK, p53, p21 are involved in the pro-apoptotic and growth-inhibitory effects of WA in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro. Down-regulation of ERα protein levels by WA is caused by proteasome-dependent ERα degradation.
A fast string searching algorithm

An algorithm is presented that searches for the location, “il” of the first occurrence of a character string, “pat,” in another string, “string.” During the search operation, the characters of pat are matched starting with the last character of pat. The information gained by starting the match at the end of the pattern often allows the algorithm to proceed in large jumps through the text being searched. Thus the algorithm has the unusual property that, in most cases, not all of the first i characters of string are inspected. The number of characters actually inspected (on the average) decreases as a function of the length of pat. For a random English pattern of length 5, the algorithm will typically inspect i/4 characters of string before finding a match at i. Furthermore, the algorithm has been implemented so that (on the average) fewer than i + patlen machine instructions are executed. These conclusions are supported with empirical evidence and a theoretical analysis of the average behavior of the algorithm. The worst case behavior of the algorithm is linear in i + patlen, assuming the availability of array space for tables linear in patlen plus the size of the alphabet.
Chemistry of materials science phenomena in high-intensity discharge light sources

Continuous development of light sources is required from energy-saving consider- ations (enhancing luminous efficacy) and an environmental protection point of view (lamps that are easy to recycle or made of environmentally friendly materials). This paper summa- rizes some of the recent results of materials science research with special attention to chem- ical aspects. The results will be cited from the field of discharge chemistry, electrodes, ce- ramics, and other materials.
Central Versus Peripheral Glucose Sensing and the Response to Hypoglycemia

One of the most significant limits in our ability to tightly control blood glucose in patients with diabetes is the occurrence of hypoglycemia. It is now clear that when blood glucose drops in a normal individual, there is a rapid and well-coordinated endocrine response (1). Glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone levels rise as the glucose level falls (1). The combination of low blood glucose and elevated hormones limits glucose utilization by the tissues of the body and stimulates glucose production by the liver (2). As a consequence of these metabolic adjustments, the fall in blood glucose is limited and the ensuing hypoglycemia is minimized. In an individual with diabetes, the glucagon response to hypoglycemia begins to diminish relatively early in the disease process (1). Later, even the sympatho-adrenal response may become limited (1). As a consequence, individuals with diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, are at increased risk for serious hypoglycemia. Understanding more about the normal response to hypoglycemia and about the failure of the normal response in diabetic individuals is thus of great importance. A recent debate in this area relates to the site of hypoglycemic sensing. While it has long been known that the brain is involved in detecting low blood glucose, data began to appear in the early 1990s supporting the view that hypoglycemic sensing was also occurring at peripheral sites, particularly within the hepato-portal region. A series of articles by Donovan and …
An Attributional Model of Supervisors' Decision-Making Behavior in Speech-Language Pathology

An attributional model of speech-language pathology supervisors' decision-making behavior based on Weiner's achievement motivation attributional model was applied. Forty-six supervisors were asked to imagine hypothetical good or poor therapy sessions and to cite causes for the session's outcome, request information to understand the outcome better, and suggest actions they would take in response to the particular outcome. Results indicated that clinician attributions were cited most frequently and few client, supervisor, or other attributions were made. Clinician factors were generally described in terms of planning behaviors, instructional behaviors, and strategies. Session outcomes were attributed primarily to factors controllable by the participants and were expected to vary over time. Supervisors most frequently requested information about the clinician, client, and structure of therapy. They suggested actions that focused primarily on the clinician, occurred after the session, and were directed by th...
Painting a Portrait: A Reply

This is a reply to the Research Note by Roman, Hayibor, and Agle in this issue. In this reply, the authors offer some constructive criticism of their analysis in an attempt to continue and further ...
Time-space tradeoffs, multiparty communication complexity, and nearest-neighbor problems

(MATH) We extend recent techniques for time-space tradeoff lower bounds using multiparty communication complexity ideas. Using these arguments, for inputs from large domains we prove larger tradeoff lower bounds than previously known for general branching programs, yielding time lower bounds of the form $T=\Omega(n\log^2 n)$ when space $S=n^{1-\epsilon}$, up from $T=\Omega(n\log n)$ for the best previous results. We also prove the first unrestricted separation of the power of general and oblivious branching programs by proving that \onegap, which is trivial on general branching programs, has a time-space tradeoff of the form $T=\Omega(n\log^2 (n/S))$ on oblivious branching programs.Finally, using time-space tradeoffs for branching programs, we improve the lower bounds on query time of data structures for nearest neighbor problems in $d$ dimensions from $\Omega(d/\log n)$, proved in the cell-probe model \cite{bor:nn-lb,br:nn-lb}, to $\Omega(d)$ or $\Omega(d\sqrt{\log d/\log\log d})$ or even $\Omega(d\log d)$ (depending on the metric space involved) in slightly less general but more reasonable data structure models.
Using WReSTT in SE courses: an empirical study

There continues to be a lack of adequate training for students in software testing techniques and tools at most academic institutions. Several educators and researchers have investigated innovative approaches that integrate testing into programming and software engineering (SE) courses with some success. The main problems are getting other educators to adopt their approaches and ensuring students continue to use the techniques they learned in previous courses. In this paper we present a study that evaluates a non-intrusive approach to integrating software testing techniques and tools in SE courses. The study uses a Web-Based Repository of Software Testing Tools (WReSTT) that contains tutorials on software testing concepts and tools. The results of the study show that (1) students who use WReSTT in the classroom can improve their understanding and use of testing techniques and tools, (2) students find WReSTT a useful learning resource, and (3) the collaborative learning environment motivates students to complete assignments.
Electric power quality: a tutorial introduction

Electric power quality is an aspect of power engineering that has been with us since the inception of power systems; however, topics in power quality have risen to the forefront since the advent of high power semiconductor switches and networking of transmission and subtransmission systems. Also, the trends in modern power engineering have been to extract the most from the existing installed power system, and this too has placed stress on issues of sinusoidal waveform fidelity, absence of high and low voltage conditions and other AC waveform distortion. A tutorial introduction to the concepts of electric power quality is presented in this paper.
Mixed Methods Research Designs in Counseling Psychology.

With the increased popularity of qualitative research, researchers in counseling psychology are expanding their methodologies to include mixed methods designs. These designs involve the collection, analysis, and integration of quantitative and qualitative data in a single or multiphase study. This article presents an overview of mixed methods research designs. It defines mixed methods research, discusses its origins and philosophical basis, advances steps and procedures used in these designs, and identifies 6 different types of designs. Important design features are illustrated using studies published in the counseling literature. Finally, the article ends with recommendations for designing, implementing, and reporting mixed methods studies in the literature and for discussing their viability and continued usefulness in the field of counseling psychology.
Reduction in vascular lesion formation by hirudin secreted from retrovirus-transduced confluent endothelial cells on vascular grafts in baboons.

Background—The hypothesis that thrombin mediates the formation of neointimal vascular lesions at sites of mechanical vascular injury has been tested in baboons by measurement of the effects of hirudin delivered by retrovirus-transduced hirudin-secreting vascular endothelial cells (ECs) lining surgically implanted arterial vascular grafts (AVGs). Methods and Results—The antithrombotic efficacy of baboon ECs transduced with cDNA encoding hirudin was assessed in vitro and in vivo on thrombogenic segments in chronically exteriorized femoral arteriovenous (AV) shunts. Bilateral brachial AVGs lined with hirudin-transduced versus nonhirudin control ECs at confluent density were surgically implanted, and vascular lesion formations at distal graft-vessel anastomoses were compared after 30 days. Hirudin-transduced ECs secreted 20±6 ng · 106 cells−1 · 24 h−1 (range, 14 to 24 ng · 106 cells−1 · 24 h−1) hirudin in supernatants of static cultures. Hirudin-secreting ECs on segments of collagen-coated graft interposed in...
Evaluation of Component Commonality Strategies in Supply Chain Environment

This paper evaluates three component commonality strategies in supply chain environment: Distinctive Part (DP), Pure Component Commonality (PCC), and Mixed Component Commonality (MCC) strategies. DP is where all products consist of distinctive parts and no common component is used, while PCC is where one or more parts from different products are completely replaced by common components. In MCC, unlike PCC, it allows partial substitution of distinctive parts with common components. We develop models to analyze these strategies for both the constant and stochastic demands. The solution to minimizing the total inventory cost is presented. For constant demand, MCC is the worst choice and PCC is the best for the case of low common component price, high ordering cost, or high interest rate. For stochastic demand, PCC is the best for the case of low common component price, high demand variation, high ordering cost, long lead time, or high interest rate. However, MCC can be used to reduce inventory cost if the demand variation is high. Other conditions for the appropriateness of MCC are also discussed.
The relationship between the follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer and follicular adenomas

Background Reports suggest that the incidence of tumors diagnosed as follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer (FVPTC) is increasing and that this increase may reflect changes in diagnostic criteria with tumors presently being diagnosed as FVPTC previously being defined as follicular lesions, in particular follicular adenomas. Changes during recent years in the relationship between the incidence of FVPTC and follicular adenomas have not been reported. Herein, we have compared changes in the incidence of FVPTC with changes in the incidence of follicular adenomas. Methods The study is a retrospective analysis of a prospective database of patients undergoing thyroid surgery between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013. Results A total of 953 thyroid procedures performed in 851 patients were reviewed. The incidence of FVPTC increased approximately 4-fold during the study period when expressed as percentage of all thyroidectomies with the increase mainly reflecting an increase in the incidence of noninvasive FVPTC. The incidence of follicular adenomas decreased in a reverse fashion resulting in a >10-fold increase in the ratio between FVPTC and follicular adenomas during the study period. Conclusion Although the present results suggest that some tumors previously diagnosed as follicular adenomas are increasingly classified as FVPTC, in particular noninvasive FVPTC, the possibility that the results at least in part also reflect a true increase in the incidence of FVPTC cannot be ruled out. If the increased incidence of FVPTC reflects a lowered threshold for the diagnosis of FVPTC it is possible that some tumors presently being classified as FVPTC are overdiagnosed as cancer and may currently be treated more aggressively than needed.
Unique Property: A Supplemental Annotated Bibliography

This bibliography covers law review articles and supplemental A.L.R. entries published after 2002 on a variety of topics all within the characterization of “unique property”. For literature published from 1997-2002, see Nancy Levit & Robert R.M. Verchick, Unique Property: An Annotated Bibliography, 18 J. AM. ACAD. MATRIM. LAW. 589 (2004). A.L.R. entries, the titles of which are usually self-explanatory, are cited, but not annotated. Similarly, articles that concern only a single case or a single state are cited, but not annotated. Illustrative topics include: Businesses, Career Assets, Educational and Professional Degrees, Intellectual Property, Pets, Gifts, Reproductive Material and Tort Damages.
Micrometastasis of Genitourinary Cancer to Sentinel Lymph Nodes

A majority of the more frequent tumors can expand through the lymphatic system, affecting progressively an increasing number of lymph nodes (LNs).
Do arm postures vary with the speed of reaching

Do arm postures vary with the speed of reaching? For reaching movements in one plane, the hand has been observed to follow a similar path regardless of speed. Recent work on the control of more complex reaching movements raises the question of whether a similar "speed invariance" also holds for the additional degrees of freedom. Therefore we examined human arm movements involving initial and final hand locations distributed throughout the three-dimensional (3D) workspace of the arm. Despite this added complexity, arm kinematics (summarized by the spatial orientation of the "plane of the arm" and the 3D curvature of the hand path) changed very little for movements performed over a wide range of speeds. If the total force (dynamic + quasistatic) had been optimized by the control system (e.g., as in a minimization of the change in joint torques or the change in muscular forces), the optimal solution would change with speed; slow movements would reflect the minimal antigravity torques, whereas fast movements would be more strongly influenced by dynamic factors. The speed-invariant postures observed in this study are instead consistent with a hypothesized optimization of only the dynamic forces.
Vision-Enhanced Aerial Rendezvous Along Elliptical Paths

This paper describes a guidance method that enables an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) to y in close formation with another aircraft along an elliptical path. The method uses a vector eld approach combined with vision-based guidance enhancements for controlling UAS ight to achieve an aerial rendezvous. The desired ight path is mathematically de ned as the intersection of two surface functions. The paper describes a method for combining vector elds with vision-based guidance that provides both altitude correction and modi ed ight path commands to keep the target vehicle within the seeker UAS camera eld of view. Flight test results are shown to demonstrate the suitability of the method.
Use of indium-111-labeled hepatocytes to determine the biodistribution of transplanted hepatocytes through portal vein infusion.

Purpose Hepatocyte transplantation is useful for ex vivo gene therapy and liver repopulation. Methods for hepatic reconstitution were recently developed, but hepatocyte transplantation systems must be optimized. The authors report their experience with In-111 oxyquinolone labeling of a test dose of hepatocytes (108 cells) for noninvasive assessment of the biodistribution of transplanted hepatocytes in a 5-year-old child with omithine transcarbamoylase deficiency. Materials and methods Donor hepatocytes (approximately 108) were radiolabeled using a commercially available In-111 oxyquinolone solution (specific activity of 1 mCi/ml). Results The overall labeling efficiency was 36.4%. A final dose of approximately 290 ,uCi of the In-111-labeled hepatocytes in 10 ml serum-free phosphate-buffered saline was infused percutaneously into the portal vein approximately 2.5 hours after their preparation. The study was performed 3 hours before cell transplantation (109 cells). Quantitative analysis of the biodistribution of In-111-labeled hepatocytes indicated that cells were predominantly localized in the liver immediately after portal vein-infused transplantation. The predominant hepatic distribution was persistent for as long as 7 days after the procedure, with an average liver-to-spleen ratio of 9.5 to 1. No significant pulmonary radiotracer uptake was present. Conclusion These results indicate that In-111 labeling of hepatocytes is useful for the short-term noninvasive analysis of the biodistribution of transplanted hepatocytes.
Attenuated expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecules in murine polycystic kidney disease

Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disorder of parenchymal structure that leads to renal failure. Cysts begin as focal dilations in proximal tubules and collecting ducts, giving rise to cyst walls lined by a phenotypically disturbed epithelium that expresses dysfunctional transport and matrix proteins. We used an mRNA search protocol to probe efficiently for tissue-specific disturbances that might underlie the formation of cysts. This search assessed the relative abundance of transcripts encoding a variety of growth factors (transforming growth factor-beta 1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, and endothelin-1), structural proteins (collagen IV, nidogen, fibronectin, and laminins A and B1), and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs; E-cadherin, N-CAM, laminin receptor, and fibronectin receptor) in the cystic kidneys of cpk/cpk mice and uncovered a previously unrecognized early reduction in mRNA encoding N-CAM (54%) and E-cadherin (56%) (n = 5; P less than 0.001). Levels of transcripts for growth factors, structural proteins, and for fibronectin and laminin receptors in normal and cystic kidneys were generally similar. The reduction in transcripts for N-CAM and E-cadherin in kidneys from cystic mice was not observed in autologous liver. The immunofluorescent staining of cystic kidneys confirmed that the decrease in N-CAM and E-cadherin was generally confined to regions abundant in developing cystic epithelium. The presence of both N-CAM and E-cadherin appears to guide the sequential differentiation and polarization of normal renal epithelium, and their attenuated expression in the kidney of cpk/cpk mice may be a material factor contributing to the pathogenesis of cyst formation.
Support of the myocardium with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation following cardiopulmonary bypass.

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) was instituted in 27 patients in cardiogenic shock who had undergone cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Patients who required IABC either prior to CPB or else to be weaned from CPB had a survival rate of 22 per cent (219). In contrast, the survival rate for those patients requiring IABC after CPB had been discontinued was 72 per cent (13/18). The composition of these two groups was different. The first group contained primarily patients with either severe coronary artery disease or aortic valve stenosis, whereas the latter group contained patients with either less severe coronary artery disease or mitral valve disease. Most patients had an initial satisfactory response to IABC. The over-all survival rate was 55 per cent (15127). IABC was particularly beneficial for those patients in cardiogenic shock following CPB who had not had massive and irreversible myocardial injury.