cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multimodality diagnostic imaging in unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy.

Objective To describe the clinical features and imaging characteristics in unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy. Methods Retrospective review of 4 patients with a diagnosis of unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy. Clinical characteristics (age, symptoms, Snellen visual acuity, and funduscopic features) and images from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography were analyzed. Results The median (range) age at presentation was 31 (27-52) years. The median (range) interval between symptom onset and presentation was 4 (1-20) weeks. Associated systemic findings included a viral prodrome (50%), orchitis (50%), hand-foot-mouth disease (25%), and positive coxsackievirus titers (50%). The median (range) visual acuity at initial examination was 20/400 (20/70 to 1/400), which improved to 20/30 (20/20 to 20/60) at final follow-up. The median (range) follow-up time was 8 (8-13) weeks. Early in the disease course, the central macula developed irregular, circular areas of white-gray discoloration. Following recovery, the macula had a stippled retinal pigment epithelium characterized by rarefaction and hyperplasia. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated irregular early hyperfluorescence and late subretinal hyperfluorescence. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed a partially reversible disruption of the outer photoreceptor layer. Fundus autofluorescence initially revealed stippled autofluorescence that eventually became more hypoautofluorescent. Indocyanine green angiography showed “moth-eaten”–appearing choroidal vasculature, suggestive of choroidal inflammation. Conclusions The imaging characteristics highlight the structural changes during the active and resolution phases of unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy. The visual recovery correlates with structural changes and suggests that the pathogenesis involves inflammation of the inner choroid, retinal pigment epithelium, and outer photoreceptor complex that is partially reversible.
Questioning assumptions: One company's answer to the planner's nemesis

How familiar is the lament, “It wasn't our plans that went wrong, it was our underlying assumptions.” Each year, planners carefully integrate products, cost of goods sold, marketplace tactics, and earnings results into superbly constructed plans. Then the realization dawns that the whole structure was built on a base of false assumptions — or that major factors were completely missed. And suddenly the plans are worth less than the paper they're written on.
Use of Readers Theater to Enhance Interdisciplinary Geriatric Education

This article focuses on the design and implementation of an interdisciplinary geriatric educational project at a small New England University. A novel, affective teaching approach of Readers Theater is highlighted as a beginning classroom instructional strategy for interdisciplinary students. The physical and psychosocial considerations for health are complex with geriatric clients, and the successful construction of intervention plans is enhanced through an interdisciplinary approach. This pedagogical technique served as an effective method to initially engage health profession students, promote interprofessional collaboration, and support the creation of a compassionate, holistic approach to the care of elders.
Estimation of locations in an underground shopping mall through inter-terminal message exchange

Recently, many location estimation methods have been proposed and used for navigation in a variety of environments. However, navigation inside shopping malls, including those underground, where the Global Positioning System (GPS) cannot be used reliably, is still at the research stage. This paper proposes a location estimation algorithm that relies on communication between the terminals of passers-by and salespersons in a mall, rather than on GPS. The level of accuracy of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated using an evaluation system that was built on a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) emulator and simulated a real underground shopping mall.
3He elastic scattering from 10B and 14C in the range 4 to 18 MeV

Abstract Differential cross sections for the 3 He elastic scattering from 10 B at 4, 8, 10,12, 15 and 18 MeV and from 14 C at 10, 12, 15 and 18 MeV have been measured. A systematic analysis of the elastic scattering data in terms of the optical model with surface absorption and including the spin-orbit interaction has been carried out. In most cases reasonably good agreement with the data is obtained. Inclusion of spin-orbit coupling generally improves the fits. Various ambiguities are found and examined. The results are compared with those obtained in the previous analysis 1,2) of 3 He scattering data from 11 B and 12 C. Isotope differences in the elastic scattering may be due to symmetry dependence of the 3 He optical potential. The variation of the opticalpotential parameters with energy and mass are investigated. General trends of various parameters are observed and some fluctuations are seen. Effects of experimental uncertainty on the potential parameters deduced are also examined. Average energy-dependent potentials consisting of eight parameters were obtained for each nucleus in the energy range studied.
Perforated colorectal carcinomas

Background Colorectal carcinomas that present with perforation are stated in the literature to carry a poor prognosis. This study is to verify or refute the dismal connotation associated with perforated colorectal carcinomas (PCCs). Methods A retrospective analysis of 1551 patients with colorectal carcinoma revealed that 51 (3.3%) patients presented with perforation. Mary Immaculate and St. John's Queens Hospital Divisions of the Catholic Medical Center of Brooklyn and Queens chart and tumor board data were retrieved for the period 1983 through 1993. Results Localized perforation with abscess formation occurred in 31 (61%) patients, and free perforation with generalized peritonitis in occurred 20 (39%) patients. Sixteen (31%) patients had distant metastasis at diagnosis with a mean survival of only 6 months. Overall operative mortality rate was 12%, and overall 5-year survival rate was 32%. By excluding 16 patients with doc umented Stage IV disease at diagnosis and 6 operative mortalities (3 of whom also had Stage IV disease at diagnosis), the remaining 32 patients had a mean survival of 59 months and a 5-year survival of 58%. Conclusion In view of the 58% survival in our subset of patients, aggressive management is recommended. This includes management of sepsis and radical surgical resection of adjacent involved organs. A negative attitude associated with PCC is not substantiated in this retrospective 10-year study.
Accumulation of zinc, phosphorus, and magnesium by navy bean seed

Abstract Considerable variation is found in zinc (Zn Concentration in navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed, an important food source of Zn and magnesium (Mg). The influence that phosphorus (P) and Zn fertilizers, and source of nitrogen (N) (inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli versus 150 mg/kg NH4NO3‐N) had on growth and nutrient uptake of ‘Upland’ navy bean was studied under greenhouse conditions on a Glyndon loamy fine sand, a Calciaquoll low in available N, P, and Zn. Yields of stems (+ pod walls), blades, and seed were increased by N, P, and Zn fertilizers. Zinc concentration at maturity varied between 13 and 37 mg/kg for seed, 15 and 39 mg/kg for blades, and 5 and 30 mg/kg for stems. Zinc fertilizer was the chief factor responsible for this variability. Phosphorus concentration at maturity varied between 4.0 and 6.2 g/kg for seed, 1.9 and 11.8 g/kg for blades, and 1.0 to 2.7 g/kg for stems. Added P fertilizer increased P concentration in the three tissues, but the effect was most pronounced for blad...
Vaporization Enthalpies and Vapor Pressures of Two Insecticide Components, Muscalure and Empenthrin, by Correlation Gas Chromatography

The vaporization enthalpies at T/K = 298.15 and vapor pressures from T/K = (298.15 to Tnb (normal boiling temperature)) of muscalure (Z-9-tricosene) and empenthrin [(E)-(RS)-1-ethynyl-2-methylpent-2-enyl (1RS)-cis-trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate], have been evaluated by correlation gas chromatography. Commercial samples of muscalure also contain a small amount of E-9-tricosene. Vaporization enthalpies of [(114.4 ± 1.0) and (114.5 ± 1.0)] kJ·mol–1 and vapor pressures, p/Pa = [(1.2 ± 0.1) and (1.1 ± 0.1)]·10–4, both at T/K = 298.15 have been evaluated for Z and E-9-tricosene, respectively. Empenthrin is also a mixture of possibly four diasteriomers. Two of the diasteriomers, empenthrin 1 and 2, are separated by the chromatography and are characterized by the order of their elusion off the column. Vaporization enthalpies of [(87.2 ± 4.8) and (87.0 ± 4.8)] kJ·mol–1 and vapor pressures, p/Pa = [(594 ± 380) and (601 ± 383)]·10–4, also at T/K = 298.15 have been evaluated for t...
Making Love After Birth

: This paper describes the major physiological and emotional changes which affect making love after birth and suggests ways that health care professionals can help couples making this transition. Factors such as physician's instructions and choice of birth control are discussed.
Testability of the arbitrage pricing theory by neural network

The arbitrage pricing theory (APT) offers an alternative to the traditional asset pricing model in finance. In almost all of the literature, a statistical methodology called factor analysis is used to test or estimate the APT model. The major shortcoming of this procedure is that it identifies neither the number nor the definition of the factors that influence the assets. A unique solution to this problem is offered. It uses a simple back-propagation neural network with a generalized delta rule to learn the interaction of the market factors and securities return. This technique can be used to investigate the effect of several variables on one another simultaneously without being plagued with uncertainty of probability distributions of each variable
Do student evaluations match alumni expectations

Purpose – This research study seeks to identify what graduating students and alumni perceive to be of most value in courses, and in turn the relationship of those perceptions with the information in evaluations conducted by students at the conclusion of courses.Design/methodology/approach – The project involves empirical research utilizing standard student course evaluation data, and rigorous matching alumni survey data. A focus group, as well as prior academic research, informs the design.Findings – There are several key conclusions from this study comparing student and alumni perceptions of course satisfaction. Consistent with end‐of‐program survey and focus group observations, career relevance clearly grows with time in importance for determining course satisfaction. Career relevance is not a statistically significant factor for course satisfaction using end‐of‐course student survey responses, but grows to a statistically significant determinant utilizing alumni survey data, larger than both the extent...
Anaerobes in Infections of the Head and Neck and Ear, Nose, and Throat

Anaerobic bacteria outnumber aerobes at most oropharyngeal sites, with counts up to 10(11)/ml of fluid, and have been implicated in infections of all structures of the head and neck. They are common in chronic otitis media, chronic sinusitis, and various soft-tissue infections. These infections are initiated primarily by mucosal breaks. Bacterial factors such as adhesiveness and antileukocytic activity also may play a role. Among the complications of these infections are brain abscess, aspiration pneumonia, and anaerobic sepsis. Treatment includes surgical drainage and use of antimicrobial agents active against the mixed flora commonly found. Penicillin is currently the drug of choice, but this may change with the emergence of beta-lactamase-producing strains of anaerobes such as Bacteroides melaninogenicus.
Aiming for Equity: Preparing Mainstream Teachers for Inclusion or Inclusive Classrooms?.

Mainstream teachers throughout the world are increasingly expected to differentiate instruction for primary-grade students with diverse learning needs, including second or English language learners (ELLs). Does teacher preparation translate into instructional practices for English language development? What do graduates of those programs do differently, if anything, for ELLs in their classrooms? This mixed-methods study examined the beliefs and practices of two focal teacher graduates of a teacher preparation program that included second language training. Findings show that teacher graduates working with ELLs in primary classrooms with low numbers of ELLs used some generic accommodation strategies and just-in-time scaffolding techniques, but they rarely instituted specific ELL practices to facilitate the English language development of ELLs. The authors discuss implications for second language educators.
UNAMBIGUOUS EVIDENCE FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF SINGLET OXYGEN (†δ) IN PHOTODYNAMIC OXIDATION OF AMINO ACIDS

Abstract— A variety of experimental tests have been applied to the methylene-blue-sensitized photooxidation of amino acids to distinguish between singlet oxygen and non-singlet oxidation mechanisms. Conventional flash photolysis and laser photolysis were used to measure the rate constants for the quenching of excited triplet sensitizer and singlet oxygen by the amino acids histidine. tryptophan and methionine and the nucleotide guanosine-5′-monophosphate. In the case of histidine, the rate constants alone rule out an oxidation mechanism involving direct reaction with excited dye. With the other amino acids, and with guanosine monophosphate, the oxidation rates might be accounted for by either mechanism. The inhibition of the photo-oxidation of both tryptophan and methionine as well as histidine by the singlet-oxygen quenchers N3− and tetramethylethylene suggests that these reactions occur via a singlet-oxygen mechanism. A newly developed test of singlet oxygen reactions involving a comparison of photooxidation rates in normal and perdeuterated solvents has been used to establish that the photooxidation of tryptophan proceeds primarily by a singlet-oxygen mechanism. These experiments appear to constitute the first proof that singlet oxygen is involved in the photooxidation of the three amino acids tryptophan, methionine and histidine.
Imposing thermodynamic restrictions on the elastic constant-fabric tensor relationship

Zysset and Curnier (1995) rederive the general representation for the fourth rank elasticity tensor in terms of the fabric tensor given originally by Cowin (1985). Zysset and Curnier (1995) then obtain a form of the representation that is sufficiently restricted to satisfy the thermodynamic constraint that the compliance tensor be positive definite. Zysset and Curnier (1995, 1996) argue that their representation has an advantage over that of Cowin (1985) because it has, a priori, been sufficiently restricted to satisfy the thermodynamic constraint that the compliance tensor be positive definite. The purpose of this note is to point out that the limitations of the Zysset and Curnier (1995, 1996) sufficiency representation are quite severe, restricting the flexibility of the model by allowing only five of the nine normally independent orthotropic elastic coefficients to be independent. Potential users should consider employing the Cowin (1985) representation and subsequently imposing the condition that the elasticity tensor be positive definite.
Methylsulfonylnitrobenzoates, a New Class of Irreversible Inhibitors of the Interaction of the Thyroid Hormone Receptor and Its Obligate Coactivators That Functionally Antagonizes Thyroid Hormone

Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor (NR) superfamily and regulate development, growth, and metabolism. Upon binding thyroid hormone, TR undergoes a conformational change that allows the release of corepressors and the recruitment of coactivators, which in turn regulate target gene transcription. Although a number of TR antagonists have been developed, most are analogs of the endogenous hormone that inhibit ligand binding. In a screen for inhibitors that block the association of TRβ with steroid receptor coactivator 2 (SRC2), we identified a novel methylsulfonylnitrobenzoate (MSNB)-containing series that blocks this interaction at micromolar concentrations. Here we have studied a series of MSNB analogs and characterized their structure activity relationships. MSNB members do not displace thyroid hormone T3 but instead act by direct displacement of SRC2. MSNB series members are selective for the TR over the androgen, vitamin D, and PPARγ NR members, and they antagonize thyroid hormone-activated transcription action in cells. The methylsulfonylnitro group is essential for TRβ antagonism. Side-chain alkylamine substituents showed better inhibitory activity than arylamine substituents. Mass spectrum analysis suggested that MSNB inhibitors bind irreversibly to Cys-298 within the AF-2 cleft of TRβ to disrupt SRC2 association.
Photochemical changes in chemical markers of sedimentary organic matter source and age

Several chemical markers of organic matter source and age are shown to be susceptible to light-induced alteration. To test for the photochemical lability of markers previously employed for sediments from the Louisiana coastal zone, we subjected sediments under resuspension conditions to simulated sunlight, and monitored changes in C:N and Br:OC ratios, δ13C, Δ14C, and lignin composition. Markers of terrigenous origin (high C:N, lignin) decreased and δ13C became enriched in sediments containing primarily terrigenous organic matter, while a marker of marine organic matter (Br:OC) decreased in samples containing significant contributions from this source. Preferential loss of 14C from all sediments indicated enhanced photochemical lability of organic matter of relatively recent origin, consistent with the changes in chemical markers. Most, but not all, experimental alterations are consistent with field distributions of these markers. Relatively small experimental changes in the markers in combination with confounding processes in the environment, however, prevent these parallel trends from providing any more than a consistency test for the importance of photochemical reactions in this region.
Cell-specific expression of LBP-32 mRNA in retina and other locations of newborn mouse eye as revealed by in situ hybridization

LBP-32 is a cell surface and cytoplasmic protein which is thought to both mediate cell attachment to laminin and play a role in translation initiation. In the present study, antisense RNA for LBP-32 was used to document its cellular mRNA expression pattern in newborn mouse eye. In situ hybridization revealed that LBP-32 was distributed uniformly through the retina as well as over anterior oblique muscle, in corneal and lens epithelial cells and in capillary endothelial cells of the choroid. This unique cell-specific expression raises interesting questions of the role of LBP-32 in eye development.
Warfarin use leads to larger intracerebral hematomas

Background: Among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), warfarin use before onset leads to greater mortality. In a retrospective study, we sought to determine whether warfarin use is associated with larger initial hematoma volume, one determinant of mortality after ICH. Methods: We identified all patients hospitalized with ICH in the Greater Cincinnati region from January through December 2005. ICH volumes were measured on the first available brain scan by using the abc/2 method. Univariable analyses and a multivariable generalized linear model were used to determine whether international normalized ratio (INR) influenced initial ICH volume after adjusting for other factors, including age, race, sex, antiplatelet use, hemorrhage location, and time from stroke onset to scan. Results: There were 258 patients with ICH, including 51 patients taking warfarin. In univariable comparison, when INR was stratified, there was a trend toward a difference in hematoma volume by INR category (INR 3.0, 33.2 mL; p = 0.10). In the model, compared with patients with INR p = 0.25) or INR 2.1–3.0 ( p = 0.36), but patients with INR >3.0 had greater hematoma volume ( p = 0.02). Other predictors of larger hematoma size were ICH location (lobar compared with deep cerebral, p = 0.02) and shorter time from stroke onset to scan ( p Conclusion: Warfarin use was associated with larger initial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume, but this effect was only observed for INR values >3.0. Larger ICH volume among warfarin users likely accounts for part of the excess mortality in this group. GLOSSARY: AAICH = anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage; GERFHS = Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Stroke; HR = hazard ratio; ICH = intracerebral hemorrhage; INR = international normalized ratio; IVH = intraventricular hemorrhage.
Integrated-circuit digital logic families IIIߞECL and MOS devices

This final installment of a three-part article is devoted to emitter-coupled logic (ECL) devices as well as to metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) logic devices of the p-channel (P-MOS) and complementary (CMOS) types. The concluding portion presents a summary chart comparing the major parameters of the various IC digital families discussed in the three installments, plus a useful check list of available functions.
Cosmological perturbations: Entering the nonlinear regime

We consider next-to-leading-order (one-loop) nonlinear corrections to the bispectrum and skewness of cosmological density fluctuations induced by gravitational evolution, focusing on the case of Gaussian initial conditions and scale-free initial power spectra, P(k) kn. As has been established by comparison with numerical simulations, leading order (tree-level) perturbation theory describes these quantities at the largest scales. The one-loop perturbation theory provides a tool to probe the transition to the nonlinear regime on smaller scales. In this work, we find that, as a function of spectral index n, the one-loop bispectrum follows a pattern analogous to that of the one-loop power spectrum, which shows a change in behavior at a critical index nc ? -1.4, where nonlinear corrections vanish. The tree-level perturbation theory predicts a characteristic dependence of the bispectrum on the shape of the triangle defined by its arguments. For n nc, one-loop corrections increase this configuration dependence of the leading order contribution; for n nc, one-loop corrections tend to cancel the configuration dependence of the tree-level bispectrum, in agreement with known results from n = -1 numerical simulations. A similar situation is shown to hold for the Zeldovich approximation, where nc ? -1.75. We obtain explicit analytic expressions for the one-loop bispectrum for n = -2 initial power spectra, for both the exact dynamics of gravitational instability and the Zeldovich approximation. We also compute the skewness factor, including local averaging of the density field, for n = -2: S -->3(R)=4.02+3.83?$2{r G}$ -->(R) for Gaussian smoothing and S -->3(R)=3.86+3.18?$2{r TH}$ -->(R) for top-hat smoothing, where ?2(R) is the variance of the density field fluctuations smoothed over a window of radius R. A comparison with fully nonlinear numerical simulations implies that, for n < -1, the one-loop perturbation theory can extend our understanding of nonlinear clustering down to scales where the transition to the stable clustering regime begins.
Effect of spontaneous mammary carcinogenesis on in vivo glucose-U-C14 incorporation in C3H mice.

SummaryStudies were conducted to elucidate previously observed differences between carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic mice. Glucose-U-C14 was incorporated into biochemical intermediates (lactic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and alpha-ketoglutaric acid) in C3H mice. These intermediates and glucose were isolated, and their concentration and specific activities were determined. For mammary tumor tissue versus liver, the in vivo incorporation of these intermediates indicated a decrease in oxidative metabolism via the Krebs cycle but no observable differences in glycolytic metabolism.
Chromosomal elimination induced by 6-Aza-Uracil

DURING preliminary work in this Laboratory dealing with the effects of some antimetabolites on cell division in Allium cepa, it was noted that 6-aza-uracil brings about chromosomal elimination. This elimination occurred at metaphase and anaphase. Root tips from bulbs after reaching a length of 2–3 cm. were treated for 6 hr. with a 1 per cent aqueous solution. The solution was prepared by first grinding the powder and dissolving it in warm tap water. In order to clarify the location of the spindle attachment region of the chromosomes the root tips were treated with a 1 per cent aqueous solution of colchicine for a half-hour prior to fixation. On each preparation the number of normal metaphases, anaphases and telophases and the number of these stages showing elimination were counted. The eliminated chromosomes were studied in detail to determine whether or not the same chromosomes were always eliminated. Aceto-orcein smears and sections stained in iron alum haematoxylin were used.
Multi‐allelic self‐incompatibility polymorphisms in plants

The multi-allelic self-incompatibility polymorphisms in angiosperms have long interested geneticists and population geneticists, but the limits of classical genetic resolution were reached many years ago. In recent years, new progress has been made by molecular genetic approaches. Intriguing similarities to and differences from the fungal systems are emerging. The polymorphism at these loci is now known to be even more baroque than appeared from classical genetic studies. Alleles differ so much at the level of both the DNA and protein sequence that they would be difficult to recognise as products of the same locus, were it not for the presence of certain conserved regions. Despite the successes of the recent work, the locus responsible for the specificity of the incompatibility reaction in pollen, and the mechanism of self-incompatibility, remain elusive.
Empathy a conceptual and clinical deconstruction

Empathy has come to occupy a central place in much discourse on psychoanalytic theory and practice. Since empathy is fundamental to how data are obtained and interpreted within psychoanalysis, it is essential to understand its relationship to the assumptions underlying any psychoanalytic epistemology. This paper examines some of the epistemological issues involved in Kohut's view of empathy as a mode of inquiry. The Kohutian view of empathy is contrasted with the understanding of empathy employed by Harry Stack Sullivan and the epistemology of American pragmatism. The epistemology inherent in empathy as a mode of inquiry is then clarified in relation to hermeneutics, phenomenology, structuralism, and deconstruction. The paper concludes with a case example to illustrate the clinical implications of the particular meaning of empathy as a mode of inquiry.
Stochastic space-time and quantum theory

Much of quantum mechanics may be derived if one adopts a very strong form of Mach's principle such that in the absence of mass, space-time becomes not flat but stochastic. This is manifested in the metric tensor which is considered to be a collection of stochastic variables. The stochastic-metric assumption is sufficient to generate the spread of the wave packet in empty space. If one further notes that all observations of dynamical variables in the laboratory frame are contravariant components of tensors, and if one assumes that a Lagrangian can be constructed, then one can obtain an explanation of conjugate variables and also a derivation of the uncertainty principle. Finally, the superposition of stochastic metrics and the identification of $\sqrt{\ensuremath{-}g}$ in the four-dimensional invariant volume element $\sqrt{\ensuremath{-}g}\mathrm{dV}$ as the indicator of relative probability yields the phenomenon of interference as will be described for the two-slit experiment.
DIFFERENCES IN ENERGY METABOLISM OF MONONUCLEAR CELL SUB-POPULATIONS

Impairment of cell mediated immune (CMI) function has been correlated with abnormalities of mononuclear leukocyte energy metabolism. In order to improve the understanding of the metabolic basis of immune function, we have compared glycolytic metabolism of two sub-populations of normal mononuclear cells, T- and non-T cells. Mononuclear cells were isolated from blood by density-gradient centrifugation. Enrichment of T-cells was accomplished by nylon column separation; non-T cells were harvested from the interface of a density gradient after resetting with sheep erythrocytes. Glucose utilization (GU) by non-T cells (206±33 μmoles/1010 cells/hr) was much greater than that by T-cells (23±15) (p<0.001). The addition of PHA to T-cell incubation caused an immediate four-fold stimulation of GU while non-T cells were totally unaffected (92±22 vs 196±20). Lactate production (LP) by enriched T-cells (34±19) was much less than LP by non-T cells (351±35) (p<0.001). The addition of PHA to the incubation stimulated LP by T-cells (104±35) but did not affect LP by non-T cells (316±36). The ATP content of T-cells was identical to that in non-T cells (6.4±2.0) and remained stable during the course of the incubations. The metabolic activity of sub-populations of mononuclear cells is consistent with observations of metabolism in unseparated mononuclear cells. These studies document marked differences in basal and stimulated metabolic activity of mono-nuclear cell sub-populations, and suggest new approaches toward the understanding of the metabolic basis of immune dysfunction.
A client‐centred, occupation‐based occupational therapy programme for adults with psychiatric diagnoses

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a client-centred, occupation-based occupational therapy programme for individuals with psychiatric diagnoses. The study took place in a college campus. A pre-test/post-test design was used. There were 38 participants which included college students and community members who desired to attend college, work and/or address life skill goals. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used as a pre- and post-test measure. Goals were based on problems identified in the COPM, reflected academic, vocational, life skill, and leisure goals, and were systematically addressed weekly through activities developed by the participant and a graduate occupational therapy student who acted as a mentor. The Participant Overall Satisfaction Scale was completed by each participant. A case study was used to describe the programme in more depth. The results support that the client-centred, occupation-based occupational therapy programme increased client scores on satisfaction and performance of occupational performance problems identified on the COPM. Further research is recommended to explore how client-centred occupational therapy programmes can be effective in improving academic, vocational and life skill goals.
MATCHING‐TO‐SAMPLE AND ODDITY‐FROM‐SAMPLE IN GOLDFISH1

Acquisition of three-alternative simultaneous matching-to-sample and oddity-from-sample was investigated. Five goldfish were trained on matching and five on oddity for a minimum of 70 days. Subsequently, six of the fish were trained for 70 days on the other task. Acquisition was similar for oddity and matching. Correct responding started at about chance level and slowly increased to about 75%, with some animals performing at levels of over 85%. Acquisition of oddity following matching and matching following oddity began below chance. Maximal level of performance on second-task oddity was comparable to that on first-task matching. By contrast, the maximal levels of performance when matching was the second task were not as high as that of the same subjects at the end of first-task oddity. All fish exhibited strong color preferences during matching acquisition but not during oddity acquisition. The data demonstrated that goldfish can acquire a discrimination in which the stimulus associated with reinforcement depends on the identity of a second stimulus.
Structural properties of epitaxial films of Fe on Cu and Cu-based surface and bulk alloys

Thin films of Fe were grown epitaxially at room temperature on Cu{001}, on the ordered surface alloys Cu{001}c(2×2)-Au and Cu{001}c(2×2)-Pd, and on the bulk alloy Cu3Au{001}. The maximum thicknesses attained in well-crystallized Fe films were 18 layers on the first three surfaces but only 3 layers on Cu3Au {00}. Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) intensity data from 1-, 2- and 3-layer films on Cu{001&} could not be fitted by models with complete layers of Fe, suggesting that the growth of these ultrathin films was not layer-by-layer. The 12-layer films were found to have a tetragonally distorted face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure with a= 3.61 A, c= 3.54 A and 4%-expanded first interlayer spacing. Analysis of the elastic strain gave an equilibrium lattice constant of 3.59 A for fcc Fe at room temperature. Comparison with lattice constants from total-energy band calculations shows that the Fe cannot be in the nonmagnetic phase, but could be in the ferromagnetic phase, or possibly in an antiferromagnetic phase with the same lattice constant. It is suggested that the first interlayer spacing is enlarged owing to the larger magnetic moment of the first layer.
Behavior patterns and communication in feral horses

The social behavior of feral horses was studied in the western United States. Stable harem groups with a dominant stallion and bachelor hermaphrodite hermaphrodite groups occupied overlapping home ranges. Groups spacing, but not territoriality, was expressed. Harem group, stability resulted from strong dominance by dominant stallions, and fidelity of group members. Eliminations of group members were usually marked by urine of the dominant stallion. Hermaphrodite-hermaphrodite aggression involved spacing between harems and dominance in bachelor groups. Marking with feces was important in hermaphrodite-hermaphrodite interactions. Foaling occurred in May and early June, following the post-partum estrous. All breeding was done by harem stallions. Young were commonly nursed through yearling age. These horses showed social organizations similar to other feral horses and plains zebras.
Unusual structure of human splenic sinusoids revealed by monoclonal antibodies.

The sinusoid of the human spleen is an unusual vascular structure which is involved in the removal of damaged or aged erythrocytes. The sinusoid also permits the migration of leukocytes from the cords of Billroth into the circulation. The sinusoids were studied with a variety of monoclonal antibodies in an effort to further delineate their structure. Immunohistochemical studies of sinusoids with antibodies to the intermediate filament protein vimentin and the T cell antigen Leu 2 revealed unusual rod-shaped and banded structures. These structures are distinct from the annular fibers detected by histochemical methods. They are not detected in other types of endothelium. The sinusoids are also distinct in that they fail to react with antibody Leu M3 which stains other types of endothelium. The sinusoids are similar to other types of endothelium in their immunoreactivity with antibodies to Factor VIII and HLADR antigens.
Internal State of a Gravitating Gas

The significance of a theory of gravitational equilibrium of concentrated masses is discussed, in connention with possible general relativistic effects in white dwarf stars. The covariant form of phase space and Liouville's theorem is developed, using the canontcal equations for a particle under gravitational and electromagnetic forces. The dynamical isotropy of the ideal fiuid is formulated, and the associated equations of state and allowed streaming patterns are found. A covariant kinetic theory yields general relativistic forms for the Maxwell and Fermi distributions in the case of thermal equilibrium, and limits their streaming to rigid motion. Rotating fluids are studied in comoving coordinates, and the problem of determining their gravitational equilibrium is reduced, in most cases of physical interest, to a simple standard form with constant density and vorticity. (auth)
Some Recent Developments on Complex Multivariate Distributions.

Abstract In this paper, the author gives a review of the literature on complex multivariate distributions. Some new results on these distributions are also given. Finally, the author discusses the applications of the complex multivariate distributions in the area of the inference on multiple time series.
Electrocapillarity Modulators And Large Screen Projection Displays

A new type of optical modulator has been developed, and has proved to be particularly well suited to the task of projection display. The device uses electrocapillarity (an electrochemical surface tension effect) to switch small mercury mirrors on and off. These mirror elements have the high optical efficiency required for projection light valves; they have thresholding and memory, are amenable to matrix address, and can be switched with small voltages. An 8 x 8 array has been built and operated.
Random sampling and reconstruction of spectra

This paper deals with the problem of perfect reconstruction of the spectrum of a weakly stationary stochastic process x ( t ) from a set of random samples { x ( t n )}. A broad class of random sampling schemes, for which the sampling intervals are dependent, is constructed. It is shown that this class is “alias free≓ relative to various families of spectra. It is further shown that the alias free property of this class of sampling schemes is invariant under random deletion of samples.
Effects of Imperatoxin A on Local Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Release in Frog Skeletal Muscle

Abstract We have investigated the effects of imperatoxin A (IpTx a ) on local calcium release events in permeabilized frog skeletal muscle fibers, using laser scanning confocal microscopy in linescan mode. IpTx a induced the appearance of Ca 2+ release events from the sarcoplasmic reticulum that are ∼2s and have a smaller amplitude (31±2%) than the "Ca 2+ sparks" normally seen in the absence of toxin. The frequency of occurrence of long-duration imperatoxin-induced Ca 2+ release events increased in proportion to IpTx a concentrations ranging from 10nM to 50nM. The mean duration of imperatoxin-induced events in muscle fibers was independent of toxin concentration and agreed closely with the channel open time in experiments on isolated frog ryanodine receptors (RyRs) reconstituted in planar lipid bilayer, where IpTx a induced opening of single Ca 2+ release channels to prolonged subconductance states. These results suggest involvement of a single molecule of IpTx a in the activation of a single Ca 2+ release channel to produce a long-duration event. Assuming the ratio of full conductance to subconductance to be the same in the fibers as in bilayer, the amplitude of a spark relative to the long event indicates involvement of at most four RyR Ca 2+ release channels in the production of short-duration Ca 2+ sparks.
Hermansky-pudlak syndrome complicated by pulmonary fibrosis: Radiologic-pathologic correlation and review of pulmonary complications

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous hypopigmentation, platelet dysfunction, and in many cases, life-threatening pulmonary fibrosis. We report the clinical course, imaging, and postmortem findings of a 38-year-old female with HPS-related progressive pulmonary fibrosis, highlighting the role of imaging in assessment of disease severity and prognosis.
Identification and comparative analysis of accessory gland proteins in Orthoptera.

Accessory reproductive gland proteins (Acps) in Drosophila evolve quickly and appear to play an important role in ensuring the fertilization success of males. Moreover, Acps are thought to be involved in establishing barriers to fertilization between closely related species. While accessory glands are known to occur in the males of many insect groups, the proteins that are passed on to females by males during mating have not been well characterized outside of Drosophila. To gain a better understanding of these proteins, we characterized ESTs from the accessory glands of two cricket species, Allonemobius fasciatus and Gryllus firmus. Using an expressed sequence tag (EST) approach, followed by bioinformatic and evolutionary analyses, we found that many proteins are secreted and, therefore, available for transfer to the female during mating. Further, we found that most ESTs are novel, showing little sequence similarity between taxa. Evolutionary analyses suggest that cricket proteins are subject to diversifying selection and indicate that Allonemobius is much less polymorphic than Gryllus. Despite rapid nucleotide sequence divergence, there appears to be functional conser- vation of protein classes among Drosophila and cricket taxa. Resume´ : Les proteines des glandes reproductives accessoires chez le genre Drosophila evoluent rapidement et semblent jouer un role important dans le succes des males en matiere de fecondation. De plus, ces proteines sont soupconnees d'une implication dans l'etablissement de barrieres ala fecondation entre especes proches. Tandis que des glandes accessoires sont presentes chez les males de nombreux groupes d'insectes, les proteines transmises des males aux femelles lors de l'accouplement n'ont pas etebien caracterisees a l'exterieur du genre Drosophila. Afin de mieux connaoˆtre ces proteines, les auteurs ont caracterisedes EST des glandes accessoires chez deux especes de grillons, Allonemobius fasciatus et Gryl- lus firmus .Al'aide d'une approche EST, suivie d'analyses bioinformatiques et evolutives, les auteurs ont trouveque plu- sieurs proteines etaient secretees et ainsi disponibles pour transfert a la femelle lors de l'accouplement. De plus, la plupart des EST etaient inedits puisqu'ils montraient peu de similariteentre taxons. Des analyses evolutives suggerent que les pro- teines de grillons sont sujettes aune selection divergente et indiquent que l'Allonemobius est beaucoup moins polymorphe que le Gryllus .E n depit d'une rapide divergence de la sequence nucleotidique, il semble y avoir une conservation fonc- tionnelle des classes de proteines chez le genre Drosophila et les grillons. Mots cles : Allonemobius, Gryllus ,evolution rapide, isolement reproductif, fluide seminal. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Use of antileukotriene agents in asthma management

Antileukotriene agents make up the newest class of antiasthma drugs. The results of clinical testing and post-marketing surveillance indicate that these agents are safe and well tolerated in patients with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma.
Blast neurotrauma impairs working memory and disrupts prefrontal myo-inositol levels in rats.

Working memory, which is dependent on higher-order executive function in the prefrontal cortex, is often disrupted in patients exposed to blast overpressure. In this study, we evaluated working memory and medial prefrontal neurochemical status in a rat model of blast neurotrauma. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized with 3% isoflurane and exposed to calibrated blast overpressure (17 psi, 117 kPa) while sham animals received only anesthesia. Early neurochemical effects in the prefrontal cortex included a significant decrease in betaine (trimethylglycine) and an increase in GABA at 24 h, and significant increases in glycerophosphorylcholine, phosphorylethanolamine, as well as glutamate/creatine and lactate/creatine ratios at 48 h. Seven days after blast, only myo-inositol levels were altered showing a 15% increase. Compared to controls, short-term memory in the novel object recognition task was significantly impaired in animals exposed to blast overpressure. Working memory in control animals was negatively correlated with myo-inositol levels (r = − .759, p < 0.05), an association that was absent in blast exposed animals. Increased myo-inositol may represent tardive glial scarring in the prefrontal cortex, a notion supported by GFAP changes in this region after blast overexposure as well as clinical reports of increased myo-inositol in disorders of memory.
Gait analysis for fall prediction using hierarchical textile-based capacitive sensor arrays

Falls are a major cause of injuries in adults above the age of sixty-five. The economic aftermath of falls and their consequent hospitalization can be huge, totaling more than 30 billion dollars in 2010 alone. A plausible way of mitigating this problem is accurate prediction of future falls and taking proactive remedial action. Spatio-temporal variation in gait is a reliable indicator of a future fall, however, existing systems focus on gait analysis in clinical settings and are not tuned towards continuous gait analysis. In this paper, we present the design of a novel textile capacitive sensor array-based system built into clothing that can reliably capture spatio-temporal gait attributes in a home setting. A key novel research contribution of our work is a context-aware hierarchical signal processing architecture that breaks down the signal processing algorithm into a hierarchy of processing elements. The lower power processing components perform generic feature extraction using observations derived from the capacitor plates, while the higher-level processors aggregate features to infer gait attributes such as stride speed and inter-leg spacing. The system activates the higher power processing elements only when it detects walking. We have prototyped our system using textile capacitive plates built into an ace-bandage and a custom FPGA-based system and show that our system can accurately detect gait attributes that have high correlation with falls, while consuming minimal energy as estimated for a multi-clock-domain 180-nm IC.
Age-related changes in calpain II and calpastatin in rat lens

The purpose of these experiments was to determine how the activity and regulation of calpain in rat lens changed during aging. Calpain II enzyme activity and immunoreactivity decreased with both chronological and anatomical age. Two pieces of data suggested that loss of soluble calpain II was a result of both autolysis and insolubilization during aging: (i) proteolytic fragments of calpain were detected in lenses with molecular weights similar to fragments produced during incubation of purified calpain II with calcium; (ii) the water-insoluble fraction of lens cortex contained increasing amounts of calpain antigen during aging both the 75-kDa calpain subunit and a unique high-molecular-weight immunoreactive protein. The regulation of calpain II also appeared to change with age. The activity of calpain II in vivo may be regulated by the relative concentrations of calpain II and its endogenous inhibitor calpastatin. Calpain II concentrations decreased in the rat lens with age, whereas levels of the endogenous inhibitor calpastatin were maintained. Assays of calpain II and calpastatin indicated that upon aging there was insufficient activity of calpain II to overcome the inhibition of calpastatin in the nucleus. These findings were confirmed by incubation of crude lens homogenates of 2-week- and 7-month-old rat lens regions with calcium. It is hypothesized that binding of calpain II to membrane may be important for calpain II activation, especially in older lens regions, because it may allow escape from the inhibitory action of calpastatin.
Preparation and Characterization of Organic-Soluble Optically Transparent Polyimides from Alicyclic Dianhydride, Bicyclo(2.2.2)-Oct-7-Ene-2,3,5,6-Tetracarboxylic Dianhydride

Abstract Organic-soluble optically transparent polyimides were prepared from alicyclic dianhydride monomer, bicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCDA). BCDA gives soluble polyimides with diamines containing at least one flexible linkage such as ether, methylene and sulfide. The polyimides have glass transition temperatures above 350°C and a thermal decomposition temperature of 450°C in an inert atmosphere. The polyimides form a tough film with an ultra-violet cut-off between 300 and 400 nm, which is comparable to that of a fluorinated polyimide.