cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absence of Epstein-Barr viral DNA in Amercian Burkitt's lymphoma.

Abstract The cellular DNA from tumor-infiltrated tissue from four patients with the American form of Burkitt's lymphoma did not contain detectable Epstein-Barr viral DNA. The analyses were conducted by a highly specific and sensitive molecular hybridization technic, DNA-DNA renaturation kinetics, which can detect 0.4 genome or less of Epstein-Barr viral DNA per cell. The absence of nucleotide sequences homologous to the virus in the American lymphomas is in contrast to African Burkitt's lymphoma and also to nasopharyngeal carcinoma, in which Epstein-Barr viral DNA is usually detectable even with the less sensitive technic of complementary RNA-DNA hybridization. Six specimens from patients with American Hodgkin's disease and three from patients with metastatic melanoma also did not contain detectable Epstein-Barr viral DNA. (N Engl J Med 289:1395–1399, 1973)
'Working from the Boot of a Red Falcon': The Impact of Major Fires in Four Australian Schools.

When a major fire occurs in a school, the impact can be felt for years to come. How the school community rebuilds depends on strong leadership and the resilience of the members of that community. This article explores the stories of four Australian schools, two rural NSW schools, Kelso High School and Oxley High School and two urban schools; Lyneham Public School, in Canberra, ACT and St Clair High school in Sydney. The research draws from qualitative interviews with school leaders as well as textual sources such as newspapers, social media and departmental documents. Through a comparative lens, the story of determined principals, teachers, students and parents is revealed. In each case the school emerges from significant misfortune to become a stronger school driven by a shared determination.
Pretibial fever due to Leptospira pomona: Report of two cases in siblings

Summary Two siblings with the clinical picture of pretibial or Fort Bragg fever and serological evidence of infection with L. pomona are presented. These patients represent the first cases known to us in which this clinical picture, previously reported only with infection with L. autumnalis , has been associated with evidence of infection by L. pomona . These patients also apparently represent the first reported cases of pretibial fever occurring in childhood.
In vivo susceptibility of Mycobacterium ulcerans to KRM-1648, a new benzoxazinorifamycin, in comparison with rifampicin. Anti-mycobacterial activity of KRM-1648.

The antibacterial effects of a new benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648 (3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-isobutyl-1-piperazinyl, CAS 129791-92-0), against Mycobacterium ulcerans were evaluated in vivo in mouse foot pads, and the results were compared against those obtained with rifampicin (rifampin, CAS 13292-46-1). When mice were fed with the drugs from the day of footpad inoculations, KRM-1648, at concentrations of 0.001% and higher, mixed in mouse food, was effective in inhibiting the growth of M. ulcerans in the foot pads, and the effects were bactericidal. Effects of KRM-1648 at 0.0005% were bacteriostatic. Similar results were obtained with rifampicin, but only at concentrations of 0.008% and above. In established infection, i.e., when M. ulcerans were growing actively in footpads, bactericidal effects were observed with KRM-1648 at concentrations of 0.002% and above; to obtain similar results with rifampicin, the minimum dose was 0.032%. Thus, the results suggest the superiority of KRM-1648 over rifampicin in the treatment of M. ulcerans infection. The possibility of using KRM-1648 in combination with other antimycobacterial agents is discussed.
European Integration and Foreign Direct Investment

This paper uses a gravity model to analyze the separate effects of exchange rate volatility and economic integration, such as membership in the European Union (EU) and participation in the European Monetary System (EMS), on foreign direct investment (FDI). The panel data includes bilateral observations from 23 OECD countries from 1982 to1999. There are two conclusions. First, European integration, such as EMS or EU membership, is found to have a positive effect on intra-EU FDI, even after controlling for the endogenous nature of the exchange rate regime. Second, the total effects of the European Union on FDI can be divided into a customs union effect and an additional EMS, or “pseudo monetary union”, effect.
Is surgical resection and observation sufficient for stage I and II sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors? A case series and review

Background Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is the most common germ cell tumor (GCT) of infancy. Up to 35% of infants may have malignant elements. The standard of care for SCT with malignant elements (SCT-ME) has been surgery and chemotherapy. However, cases where low-stage SCT-ME have been successfully observed following resection have been reported. Procedure To better understand the outcomes of low-stage SCT-ME that do not receive chemotherapy, we reviewed SCT pathology reports from five children's hospitals from 1999 to 2009. Information regarding staging workup, tumor markers, treatment, and outcome was collected for patients with stage I or II SCT-ME. An English language literature review was also performed. Results Seventy-four SCT were identified: 51 stage I and 23 stage II; 13 (18%) were SCT-ME: 5 stage I and 8 stage II; four stage I and four stage II tumors were not treated with chemotherapy. No stage I tumors recurred; all of the stage II tumors recurred and were successfully salvaged, two had no ME at recurrence. We identified another 10 stage I SCT-ME in the literature managed with active surveillance—two recurred and were successfully treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Conclusions Overall, of the 14 cases of stage I SCT-ME, 12 survived with no recurrence and the two who did recur were successfully treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (EFS = 86%, overall survival [OS] = 100%); this suggests that patients with stage I SCT-ME could be observed after surgery and treated only upon recurrence. Stage II SCT-ME require further study in a clinical trial setting.
295. Intrathecal Delivery of rAAV9-ABCD1 by Osmotic Pump in a Mouse Model of Adrenomyeloneuropathy

Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is a debilitating neurological disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, which encodes a peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCD1) responsible for transport of CoA-activated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) into the peroxisome for degradation. The Abcd1-/- mouse develops a phenotype similar to AMN, manifesting spinal cord axon degeneration as well as peripheral neuropathy due to affected dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGs). We previously reported successful transduction of central nervous system cells in vitro and in vivo using recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) vector for delivery of the human ABCD1 gene. Unfortunately, intravenous delivery in young mice was associated with cardiac toxicity due to transgene overexpression. We therefore set out to optimize delivery to the spinal cord while minimizing systemic leakage using an intrathecal osmotic pump. Self complementary AAV9 GFP(scAAV9GFP) and rAAV9 encoding ABCD1 (rAAV9-ABCD1) were delivered to Abcd1-/- mice intrathecally (IT) either by bolus over a 2min duration or by osmotic pump over 24h duration with PBS injection as sham control. Two weeks after injection, mice were sacrificed and perfused with 4% PFA. Tissues were then collected, sectioned and stained for immunofluorescence analysis. scAAV9-GFP delivered IT by osmotic pump led to widespread expression across CNS-relevant cell types and DRGs in a dose-dependent manner. Spinal cord and DRG had higher expression compared with brain, but GFP expression was also detected in peripheral organs (liver, heart and adrenal gland), with highest expression seen at 3X1011GC. A similar distribution pattern of ABCD1 protein was detected after rAAV9-ABCD1 intrathecal pump delivery. In general, higher doses (2X1011GC and 1X1011GC) led to more expression in CNS and peripheral organs compared with a lower dose (0.5X1011GC). However, widespread expression of ABCD1 across CNS was even detected after direct intrathecal bolus injection of 0.5X1011GC. Importantly, the same dose delivered by pump led to higher expression in brain and spinal cord far from the injection site and comparatively less leakage to peripheral organs compared with bolus injection. Preliminary experiments delivering rAAV9-ABCD1 at 0.5X1011GC by intracerebroventricular approach suggest behavioral improvement in the Abcd1-/- mouse despite localized expression in brain. We therefore anticipate even better performance at this dose using the outlined intrathecal pump delivery. We conclude that rAAV9-mediated ABCD1 gene transfer via intrathecal osmotic pump leads to more uniform and widespread gene delivery to CNS with reduced leakage into the systemic circulation compared with intrathecal bolus injection.
Development and Evaluation of Nurses' Scrub Jacket Through the Functional Design Process (MS - 1st place)

This study examined the existing issues and limitations of current scrub jackets by conducting a pre-focus group interview. Four female nurses, each of whom had at least five years of experience working in a hospital or the medical field, participated in the pre-focus group interview to provide feedback on existing scrub jackets. Based on their comments, six design criteria related to the FEA framework (i.e., fit/movement, line/shape, attractive/stylish, design details/convenience, durability, and professional appearance) were defined.
Educational Psychology's Past and Future Contributions to the Science of Learning, Science of Instruction, and Science of Assessment.

Patricia Alexander (2018) provides a thought-provoking analysis of the past and future of educational psychology. Based on the themes in Alexander’s paper, the present paper explores the past and future of educational psychology’s contributions to: (a) the science of learning, corresponding to Alexander’s theme of “a focus on learning as a core construct”; (b) the science of instruction, corresponding to Alexander’s theme of “a search for evidence-based approaches and practices that work”; and (c) the science of assessment, corresponding to Alexander’s theme of “an investment in measurement and an appreciation of human variability.” Educational psychology remains poised to make continued contributions to theory and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
The Importance of Contextual Relevance and Cultural Appropriateness in Global Surgery

Global health and global surgery have made unprecedented progress in the past decade, and global surgery is now recognized as a critical component of academic surgery. With this new development, however, comes the added responsibility of ensuring that surgeons are adequately prepared to take on the challenges of participating in diverse healthcare systems around the world. There is a significant distinction between global and international health that directly informs the conversation about global surgery. While international health is defined as health issues on foreign soil, global health deals with health issues that are collectively seen across the world. As borders continue to become more porous and the demographics of different countries change, we can no longer neatly categorize health issues. There is a significant rise in noncommunicable diseases in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) and an increase in infectious diseases in high- and middle-income countries that necessitate surgical intervention. Global surgery is affected by all of these various dynamics, and it is more important than ever that the complexity of these issues be adequately addressed by attention to the contextual relevance and cultural appropriateness, not only in surgical residency but throughout a surgical career. This is particularly necessary for surgeons who plan to work in underserved areas, both at home and abroad.
On Using Disparate Scholarly Data to Identify Potential Members for Interdisciplinary Research Groups

Supporting interdisciplinary research (IDR) requires detecting the expertise needed to solve complex problems and identifying researchers with that expertise. Universities have adopted various expertise systems, many of which use publications and keywords to identify experts. Research expertise is dynamic in nature as one's expertise may change over time. Relying solely on publications to infer research interests can be less effective in identifying potential collaborators as different types of scholarly activities demonstrate the change in research direction at different times. This paper uses disparate scholarly data to propose and evaluate different approaches for building research footprints and presents experimental results to show how these footprints perform in identifying potential members for IDR groups. Results indicate that grant data is a better predictor of IDR membership than publication data. The paper also describes two approaches for building IDR-specific classifier models, along with the accuracy of those models in identifying potential IDR group membership.
Effects of aromatic fluids on properties and stability of alternative marine diesels

Abstract Hydroprocessed renewable diesel (HRD-76) and synthesized isoparaffin (SIP-76) have been produced in sufficient quantity for testing by the US Navy, and demonstrated as compatible replacements or blend stock with marine diesel (NATO F-76). Operational limitations with respect to the lubricity, seal swell and cold-flow properties, however, need to be addressed before using 100% HRD-76 or SIP-76. Aromatics are known to improve seal swell and low-temperature characteristics. In this study, three commercial aromatic fluids (Aromatic 100, 150 and 200) produced from petroleum refining were added to HRD-76 and SIP-76 at various concentrations to investigate their impacts on the properties of the biofuel blend. The composition, hydrogen content and physicochemical properties of these aromatic fluids were determined according to ASTM methods and compared with that of biofuels and F-76. The seal-swell capability of the aromatic fluids and biofuel blends was investigated using nitrile O-rings, while the effects of aromatic fluids on fuel low-temperature quality were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, ASTM D5304 and D2274 tests were conducted to investigate the impacts of adding aromatics to biofuels on long-term storage and oxidative stabilities. Although the composition and characteristics of these three aromatics fluids varied, all were capable of inducing o-ring seal swell and adjusting the density of biofuels without significantly affecting the biofuels’ stabilities. HRD-76 and aromatic fluid blends also exhibited liquid to solid phase transitions at lower temperatures and greater hydrophilicity than neat HRD-76.
Optimal Conducting Structures

In this chapter we consider minimization of functionals that depend on the solution of the stationary conductivity problem. Energy minimization is one such problem. Other examples include minimization of the mean temperature within some area in the body, minimization of a norm of the difference between the desired and actual temperature, or maximization of the total current through a boundary component. Again, microstructures appear in these optimal designs. We describe an approach based on homogenization and demonstrate that the optimal composites are surprisingly simple: Laminates are the optimal structures for a large class of cost functionals.
On Brownian Excursions in Lipschitz Domains Part II. Local Asymptotic Distributions

In this paper, we continue the study initiated in Burdzy and Williams (1986) of the local properties of Brownian excursions in Lipschitz domains. The focus in part I was on local path properties of such excursions. In particular, a necessary and sufficient condition was given for Brownian excursions in a Lipschitz domain to share the local path properties with Brownian excursions in a half-space. This condition holds for C 1,α -domains (α > 0), but there is a C 1-domain for which it fails. Here we consider the distributions of a selection of local events for excursions. In particular, we focus on the asymptotics of these distributions as the region of locality shrinks to a point. We show that when a Lipschitz domain is locally approximated by a half-space, the asymptotics for excursions in the two domains are comparable.
Novel Oxide Spacer High-Contrast Grating VCSELs

VCSELs using high-contrast grating mirrors defined by wet oxidation of an AlGaAs spacer layer are demonstrated. The devices, operating near 960nm, have threshold current as low at 0.6mA and peak power as high as 1mW.
Ordered and Disordered Aggregation of Colloidal Particles and Macromolecules

Rigid nonspherical colloidal particles or macromolecules may, under certain conditions, form aggregates. The factors are briefly discussed which determine whether such aggregates are disordered or ordered. Experimental tests are carried out in order to check the conclusions arrived at. The colloidal systems used are dispersions of colloidal s-FeOOH and α-FeOOH crystals. Differences in the degree of order of the aggregates are achieved (a) by wide variations in the rate of coagulation by addition of electrolyte to the sols; (b) by surface coagulation; and (c) by mixed coagulation. The degree of order of the aggregates obtained and its variation with the experimental variables is determined by measurements of the magnetic birefringence and, in certain cases, by measurements of the anisotropic turbidity and of the anisotropy of forward scattered light. The concept of an anisotropy of the collision number, introduced as one of the factors determining the order of the aggregates is verified experimentally by comparing the rate of aggregation and the final anisotropy of aggregates if the primary particles are oriented and if they are randomly oriented prior to aggregation. The aggregates covered thus far are “irreversible”; i.e., only very drastic action, such as ultrasonic treatment, can break them up. In contradistinction, “reversible” aggregates which disperse on gentle agitation to reform reversibly exhibit generally a remarkably high degree of internal order. This type of ordered aggregates in which the individual primary particles may maintain long range equilibrium distances of the order of the wavelength of visible radiation, exhibit, in most cases known, nematic or smectic symmetry of structure reminiscent of the symmetry properties of liquid crystals with which they are often confused in spite of fundamental differences.These differences are indicated and briefly reviewed. The similarities and differences between this type of aggregates, generally referred to as tactoids, and coacervates and irreversible crystalloids (e.g., molecular crystals) are briefly discussed and also the special cases of reversible aggregation in thixotropic and syneretic systems and of irreversible aggregation in permanent gels. All aggregation processes referred to thus far are observed in systems containing fairly or completely rigid primary particles (crystals or macromole-cules). The discussion is rounded out by briefly reviewing also prototypes of ordered structures obtained from fully or moderately flexible macromolecules. Finally, going beyond the subject matter indicated in the title, ordered structures of low molecular weight, flexible, amphipathic molecules, viz. micelles, micellar tactoids and micellar crystals, will also be surveyed briefly in order to point out broad similarities and differences in their structure and properties compared to the structure of colloidal particles and macromolecules.
Reading in the context of online games

Research suggests that text is an important component of videogame culture (Gee, 2003; Leander, & Lovvorn, 2006; Steinkuehler, 2007), but we have few empirical assessments of what kinds of texts are involved or youth's reading performance on them. This paper presents a series of four studies conducted to examine: What texts are a regular part of videogame play? What is their nature, function, and quality? And what is the nature of adolescent reading performance within such contexts? Our results show that informational texts, comprised of 20% academic language and with an 11.8 average reading level, are the most prevalent text type used for gameplay. Reading performance on such texts is no different than on school-related texts when topic and difficulty were controlled. However, when struggling readers when allowed to choose the topic, they performed at "independent" level (94--97% accuracy) even on texts that were 7--8 grade levels above their head.
Cartoons as Advance Organizers.

AbstractThis exploratory study investigated student reaction to the use of cartoons as advance organizers for online discussions in an online course. A convenience sample of 15 students participated in the study by contributing cartoons, participating in online discussions, and completing a survey. Overall, survey results indicated student reaction to the use of cartoons as advance organizers was purposeful, motivational, and contributed to the understanding of course content. Study participants indicated they understood the targeted purpose of the cartoons, felt cartoons were relevant to course topics, and that the cartoons communicated information relevant to course topics.
Joint Delay and Cost Optimization for Electric On-Demand Vehicles with In-Route Charging

On-Demand electric vehicle (EV) systems are expected to play a significantly increasing role in near future urban transportation systems, to cope with the massive increases in urban population and reduce global carbon emissions. One inconvenience in MoD-EV systems is the need of some customers to perform in-routing charging, which may cause delays in the trip time. Moreover, the customer choice of which station to charge at is an operational issue for the MoD-EV service operator due to the different pricing for the charging at different stations. Given a connected system linking these EVs and charging stations to the operator, we propose a routing scheme that aims to reduce these inconveniences for both the customers and the operator. By modeling the routing problem between multiple MoD-EV stations with in-route charging as a multi-server queuing system, we formulate the joint problem of minimizing the average overall trip time for all customers, relative to their actual trip time without in-route charging, and the average overall cost of charging as a dual-objective stochastic convex optimization problem. Optimal routing decisions are then derived analytically for any arbitrary weighting of the two problem objectives. Simulation results show the significant merits of our proposed solution as compared to shortest time and random routing decisions. They also illustrate the trade-offs between the delay experienced by the customer and the charging cost for the operator.
Being Motivated by Nutrition Is Associated With Healthy Home Food Environment of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Recipients.

Abstract Objective To examine the relationship between food shopping motivating factors and the home food environment (HFE). Methods Participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (n = 123) who were taking part in the Utah State Double-Up Food Bucks evaluation program were interviewed about their HFE, factors motivating shopping, and food security status. Composite HFE scores were derived from the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measure Survey questionnaire and food security score from the 6-item US Household Food Security Survey questionnaire. Analysis included multiple linear regression. Results Mean age was 46 ± 16.1 years. Regression models showed significant associations of being motivated by nutrition, education, and food security with HFE (β = 4.70, P = .03; β = 1.44, P = .06; and β = 1.44, P = .06, respectively). Conclusion and Implications In-store interventions to improve perceived nutrition importance among shoppers may be a useful tool to improve home food supplies. Further research is recommended examining the association between food shopping motivators and the HFE in a larger population.
Trends in Testosterone Prescribing for Age-related Hypogonadism in Men With and Without Heart Disease.

This cohort study examines the trend in prescription testosterone use among male Medicare beneficiaries with and without coronary artery disease aged 50 years or older.
Diet quality and Gleason grade progression among localised prostate cancer patients on active surveillance.

High diet quality may support a metabolic and anti-inflammatory state less conducive to tumour progression. We prospectively investigated diet quality in relation to Gleason grade progression among localised prostate cancer patients on active surveillance, a clinical management strategy of disease monitoring and delayed intervention. Men with newly diagnosed Gleason score 6 or 7 prostate cancer enroled on a biennial monitoring regimen. Patients completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (n = 411) and first 6-month follow-up (n = 263). Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to evaluate multivariable-adjusted associations of diet quality [defined via the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015] with Gleason grade progression. After a median follow-up of 36 months, 76 men progressed. Following adjustment for clinicopathologic factors, we observed a suggestive inverse association between baseline diet quality and Gleason grade progression [hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs. the lowest HEI-2015 tertile: 0.59 (0.32–1.08); Ptrend = 0.06]. We observed no associations with diet quality at 6-month follow-up, nor change in diet quality from baseline. In localised prostate cancer patients on surveillance, higher diet quality or conformance with United States dietary guidelines at enrolment may lower risk of Gleason grade progression, though additional confirmatory research is needed.
A novel nanocomposite for food packaging developed by electrospinning and electrospraying

Abstract The association of electrospinning and electrospraying can produce a new nanomaterial for coating sensitive bioactive compounds as phycocyanin and the final product of these process present characteristics which make it possible the application as food packaging with actives properties. The aim of this work was the development of a new nanofiber material with incorporated phycocyanin/polyvinyl alcohol nanoparticles (PC-PVAn) through electrospinning and electrospraying techniques. Nanoparticles were produced with 11% PVA and 2% PC (w v−1) upon a collector with deposited 12% polycaprolactone (PCL) or 13% poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibers. The PC-PVA nanoparticles presented nanoencapsulation efficiency of 75.1 ± 0.2% and provided antioxidant activity by the ABTS, DPPH and reducing power methods. The results obtained potentiate the application of nanomaterials produced by the association of electrospinning and electrospraying techniques in active food packaging due to their good thermal and mechanical characteristics and antioxidant capacity, which protect food from deterioration and increase their shelf-life.
Combined PET and MRS study of neurochemistry of obsessive-compulsive disorder

328 Objectives Pharmacological evidence suggests abnormalities in the brain serotonin (5-HT) system in OCD involving cortical 5-HT2A receptors. As these are located on pyramidal cells and interneurons and may modulate glutamate (Glu) and GABA transmission, we measured 5-HT2A receptor availability with PET, and Glx (Glu plus glutamine) and GABA levels with MRS in OCD patients and matched controls. Methods Nineteen unmedicated patients (ages 31 ± 10 years, 9 F, 10 M) and 19 matched healthy controls completed PET and MRS studies. [11C]MDL100907 PET scans were acquired on an HR+ camera with arterial input function and analyzed with two-tissue kinetic modeling to generate BPP in multiple ROIs. MRS data were acquired using a 3T GE system and an 8-channel phased-array head coil with the J edited spin echo difference technique from an anterior cingulate (ACC) and a dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) voxel to generate GABA and Glx ratios to water. Results PET and MRS outcome measures showed no regional differences between OCD and controls. Glx/W was 3.2 ± .99 in OCD and 3.3 ± .58 in controls in DLPFC (p = 0.8); GABA/W was 2.2 ± .62 in OCD and 2.4 ± .54 in controls in ACC (p = 0.2, all values times 10-3). However, there were significant correlations between ACC GABA/W and [11C]MDL100907 BPP in multiple cortical regions in OCD but not controls. In orbital frontal cortex, where BPP values were 37.4 ± 8.4 mL.cm-3 in OCD and 38.0 ± 14.4 mL.cm-3 in controls (p = 0.9), Pearson R values were -0.19 (p = 0.4) in controls and 0.67 (p = 0.002) in OCD. Conclusions We found no abnormalities in Glx or GABA levels or 5-HT2A receptors in OCD. However, the strong correlations between PET and MRS data suggest heightened coupling in OCD between these systems. Further studies are needed to fully characterize the nature of this relationship. Research Support NIM
Usability: Adoption, Measurement, Value.

ObjectiveWe searched for the application of usability in the literature with a focus on adoption, measurements employed, and demonstrated value. Five human factors domains served as a platform for ...
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain Treatment in Brachial Plexus Avulsions: A Literature Review and Report of Two Cases.

Background At least 50% of individuals who suffer a brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) will develop chronic pain, frequently more debilitating than their functional limitations. Similar to other neuropathic pain states, BPA pain is often refractory to pharmacological agents. Despite spinal cord stimulation (SCS) first being used for BPA in 1974, there have been no published literature reviews examining the current evidence of SCS for the treatment of neuropathic pain following BPA. In addition to a clinical review of the literature for this indication, we also share our experience with high-frequency SCS (HF-SCS) for BPA-related pain. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched. All published articles including at least one BPA individual treated with SCS for pain treatment were included. Results The initial search identified 288 articles, of which 13 met inclusion criteria for a total of 41 patients. These patients were primarily male and underwent SCS with reported improved pain scores. Case reports HF-SCS leads were percutaneously placed in two male patients who suffered BPA from traumatic injuries. At follow-ups of 13 and eight months, respectively, both patients continued to report an improvement in their pain. Conclusions Despite published reports showing benefit for pain control in patients with BPA, the overall low quality, retrospective evidence included in this review highlights the need for a rigorous prospective study to further address this indication.
Cybersecurity Risk in IT Outsourcing—Challenges and Emerging Realities

IT outsourcing (ITO) is a major contributor to cybersecurity risk exposure. When organizations outsource IT needs and/or cybersecurity functions, they explicitly or implicitly assume that ITO providers bear the responsibility for cybersecurity risk. In reality, ITO clients’ risk profile changes and becomes a combination of their risks and a subset of their ITO provider risks. This paper discusses cybersecurity risk challenges that are exacerbated in the ITO context and a commonly made argument that ITO client-provider trust can improve the management of cybersecurity risk. The paper proceeds to contrast three views on how to build trust with ITO providers: decision-theoretic view, transparency-based view, and market-based view. It shows that the market-based view is most likely to emerge as the dominant model for client-provider trust. Market-based trust involves market mechanisms that reward and penalize ITO service providers for obtaining cybersecurity certifications from independent, trusted third-party agencies. Specifically, the same way firms that obtain cybersecurity certifications benefit from positive market reactions that create firm value, so do firms that experience cybersecurity incidents indicating failures of certified IT security suffer punitive market reactions that destroy firm value. The paper elaborates on the feasibility of market-based trust in the ITO context, and shows that it works in the context of cyber failures and IT insourcing. The paper concludes with a discussion of obstacles to widespread adoption of market-based trust by ITO players.
Pleuroperitoneal (Denver) Shunt for Recurrent Nonmalignant Breast Seroma in a Metastatic Breast Cancer Patient

Pleuroperitoneal (Denver) shunts have been used primarily for palliation of refractory malignant and chylous peritoneal and pleural collections.1-5 We used a pleuroperitoneal (Denver) shunt for a recurrent, nonmalignant breast seroma in the palliation of metastatic breast cancer as a novel use of this shunt.
Mining and Statistical Modeling of Natural and Variant Class IIa Bacteriocins Elucidate Activity and Selectivity Profiles across Species

Class IIa bacteriocin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a compelling alternative to current antimicrobials because of potential specific activity toward antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Engineering of these molecules would be enhanced by a better understanding of AMP sequence-activity relationships to improve efficacy in vivo and limit effects of off-target activity. Toward this goal, we experimentally evaluated 210 natural and variant class IIa bacteriocins for antimicrobial activity against six strains of enterococci. Inhibitory activity was ridge regressed to AMP sequence to predict performance, achieving an area under the curve of 0.70 and demonstrating the potential of statistical models for identifying and designing AMPs. Active AMPs were individually produced and evaluated against eight enterococcus strains and four Listeria strains to elucidate trends in susceptibility. It was determined that the mannose phosphotransferase system (manPTS) sequence is informative of susceptibility to class IIa bacteriocins, yet other factors, such as membrane composition, also contribute strongly to susceptibility. A broadly potent bacteriocin variant (lactocin DT1) from a Lactobacillus ruminis genome was identified as the only variant with inhibitory activity toward all tested strains, while a novel enterocin variant (DT2) from an Enterococcus faecium genome demonstrated specificity toward Listeria strains. Eight AMPs were evaluated for proteolytic stability to trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pepsin, and three C-terminal disulfide-containing variants, including divercin V41, were identified as compelling for future in vivo studies, given their high potency and proteolytic stability.IMPORTANCE Class IIa bacteriocin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), an alternative to traditional small-molecule antibiotics, are capable of selective activity toward various Gram-positive bacteria, limiting negative side effects associated with broad-spectrum activity. This selective activity is achieved through targeting of the mannose phosphotransferase system (manPTS) of a subset of Gram-positive bacteria, although factors affecting this mechanism are not entirely understood. Peptides identified from genomic data, as well as variants of previously characterized AMPs, can offer insight into how peptide sequence affects activity and selectivity. The experimental methods presented here identify promising potent and selective bacteriocins for further evaluation, highlight the potential of simple computational modeling for prediction of AMP performance, and demonstrate that factors beyond manPTS sequence affect bacterial susceptibility to class IIa bacteriocins.
Revising our attitudes towards agonist medications and their diversion in a time of pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic led government regulators to relax prescribing rules for buprenorphine and methadone, the agonist medications that effectively treat opioid use disorder, allowing for take home supplies of up to 28 days. These changes prioritized the availability of these medications over concerns about their misuse and diversion, and they provided a means for overdose prophylaxis during the highly uncertain conditions of the pandemic. In considering how to capitalize on this shift, research should determine the extent to which increased diversion has occurred as a result, and what the consequences may have been. The shifts also set the stage to consider if methadone can be safely prescribed in primary care settings, and if the monthly injectable formulation of buprenorphine is a suitable alternative to increased supplies of sublingual strips if concerns about diversion persist. The disruptions of the pandemic have caused a surge in overdose deaths, so carefully considering the prophylactic potential of agonist medications, in addition to their role as a treatment, may help us address this mortality crisis.
Potential-Driven Model for Influence Maximization in Social Networks

The adoption of a new technology, the spreading of ideologies, the transmission of contagions, are examples of spreading phenomena that can be modelled at two distinct levels of resolution, a macroscopic and a microscopic level.In the present work, we consider the network at the microscopic level and represent its nodes as a system of interacting particles and propose a novel, physics-inspired approach. This approach assumes that nodes interact via ‘forces’ that derive from the ‘potential’ that each node creates at the location of the other nodes, leading to a potential gradient that indicates the ‘natural’ direction of diffusion through the network. A set of influencers in the network, is determined from strategically selected nodes based on the value of their net potential. We use synthetic networks of various sizes and compare the influence spread resulting from a seed set determined from the potential-based model and alternate approaches, including the greedy algorithm of Kempe et al. Our findings indicate that this approach achieves comparable results to those of the greedy algorithm without the prohibitive computational cost, and consistently outperforms the other approaches by a large margin. We then apply our methodology to information spreading related to the Twitter Higgs Boson user dataset. The results are analyzed in the context of influence maximization, and we provide insights into the general application of this technique for information dissemination.
Microfluidic reaction modeling for evaluating mass transfer of enzymes

We modeled and conducted microfluidic device reaction experiments to evaluate mass transfer of enzymes during protein phosphorylation to better understand signal transduction. In this work, we studied the effects of fluid flow rates in our microfluidic device, where molecular arrangements were monitored using a modular confocal Raman system. We focused on the phosphate bond since this resulted in the greatest source of signal variance in both solid- and solution-based experiments. We performed initial measurements that eliminate instrumental effects and conducted flow experiments that correlate phosphate intensities to water flow rates. We also studied flow of varying concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), tracked the phosphate modes that appear between 1000-1600 /cm and based on these measurements, confirmed when the chamber transitions from ATP to ADP. By doing so, this study provides evidence that monitoring in real time and non-invasively the transition from ATP to ADP within the microfluidic chamber is achievable and enables the study of protein phosphorylation events.
Students’ Personality and Susceptibility to Persuasion during Mathematics Groupwork: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of this exploratory study was to understand how and to what extent personality traits, positionality, and content knowledge influence students’ susceptibility to persuasion during groupwork. Personality surveys, recorded videos, and semi-structured interviews provided evidence to support the findings. The findings confirmed that individuals who have low levels of conscientiousness or high levels of neuroticism are more likely to be convinced during a group activity. Additionally, individual background of content knowledge influenced the group persuasion process. A rich body of content knowledge about a subject area helped students feel that they were more confident; those who had confidence were more actively involved in discussions and firmly stood by their own opinions during the social persuasion process. However, the findings indicated there was not a link between susceptibility to persuasion and learners’ sociocultural factors. These findings provide educators with insights for improving the design of constructive groups in the mathematics classroom.
Student Teaching Interview

This chapter examines four teacher candidates’ perception of their teaching readiness by providing them a forum during a structured-interview where they could be free to share their reflection of who they are and how they perceived their aspiring profession. The interviews were conducted in person with three instructors while they were student teaching and in writing after completing their teaching training. Self-reflective practice among teacher candidates gives them an opportunity to externalize inner thoughts, feeling, and beliefs. Through the interviews, it was learned the four teacher candidates’ perception of learners, their degree of self-efficacy beliefs, how they use self-regulatory strategies, their perception of diverse and urban learners, classroom management skills, willingness to delay gratification, and perception of the support they have received by their institution, faculty, and peers. The interviews revealed that help seeking was for these four teachers a paramount self-regulatory strategy, which they attributed to the success of their teaching training.
Malaria diagnosis for malaria elimination.

Purpose of reviewLimitations of blood smear microscopy contributed to failure of the 1950–1960s WHO Global Programme to Eliminate Malaria. All diagnostic methods encounter limits of detection (LOD) beyond which it will not be possible to identify infected individuals. When this occurs, it becomes di
Watch This! A Guide to Implementing Video Modeling in the Classroom

The video modeling (VM) teaching strategy is one in which a student watches a video of someone performing a specific behavior, skill, or task and is then expected to complete the behavior, skill, o...
Irrigation and Water-Use Efficiency

Irrigation is the practice of supplying water artificially to permit farming in arid regions and to offset drought in semiarid or semihumid regions. It plays a key role in feeding an expanding population. In practice, the old hypothesis of equal availability of water to crops within a fixed range of soil moisture resulted in a regimen of repeated, infrequent, but massive applications of water that was intended to fill the soil reservoir to its “field capacity.” Newer irrigation methods including permanent installations, called “solid set,” of low-intensity sprinklers, subirrigation by means of porous tubes, and “microirrigation” techniques of drip, trickle, bubbler, or microsprayer irrigation have made it possible to establish and maintain soil-moisture conditions at a more nearly optimal level than before. These newer methods simultaneously make the optimization of soil moisture, salinity, fertility, and aeration possible. Irrigation or water-use efficiency is defined in different ways, depending on the nature of the inputs and outputs considered. A widely applicable expression of efficiency is the agronomic or crop water-use efficiency. It is generally defined as the net amount of water added to the root zone divided by the amount of water taken from some source. This criterion of efficiency is applied to large regional projects, individual farms, or specific fields. Irrigation scheduling is used to describe the procedure by which an irrigator determines the timing and quantity of water application.
Determinants of axonal and dendritic structure in the superior colliculus.

Publisher Summary The constraints that govern the conformation of both the axonal arborizations and the dendritic arbors of the central nervous system (CNS) neurons are studied extensively. The rodent superior colliculus (SC) are also used by numerous investigators as a model for studying the development and plasticity of CNS pathways. The dominant input to the superficial SC laminae is that from the retina, and all of the neurons in the superficial SC laminae, the stratum griseum superficial (SGS) and stratum opticum (SO), are exclusively visual. However, when one or both eyes are enucleated at birth, somatosensory axons that would normally terminate in the deep layers (those ventral to the SO) extend into the superficial laminae and make functional contacts with neurons in the SGS and SO. This chapter discusses data that are consistent with the conclusion that the dendrites of at least some tecto-LP cells are reoriented toward the deep laminae after removal of retinal input on the day of birth. They suggest further that retinal ganglion cell axon arbors, which are themselves dorsally directed and achieve this orientation early in development are required for the normal completion of dendritic development that is already underway prior to birth for many of these neurons. The reorientation of dendrites after eye removal is also consistent with the conclusion that these processes are redirected toward sources of residual afferent input.