cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neural Control of Cell Cycle Events in Regenerating Salamander Limbs

Nerves, wound epidermis, and injury are indispensable for salamander limb regeneration, but their mechanism of action is not understood. A hypothesis has been presented (Tassava and Mescher, 1975) which suggests that injury is important to dedifferentiation and entry of limb stump cells into the cell cycle, nerves are required for one or more G2 events in order that cells can proceed to mitosis, and the wound epidermis maintains the daughter cells in the cell cycle. The resultant cells accumulate to form the blastema. Complete and partial denervation experiments, which attempted to test this hypothesis, are discussed. Blastema cell cycle parameters, measured after complete denervation, did not vary greatly from innervated controls, even though denervated blastemas were resorbed. Blastema cell cycle parameters of partially denervated limbs, which exhibited delayed regeneration, were likewise not lengthened when compared to completely innervated controls. These results are consistent with the view that after either complete or partial denervation, some blastema cells continue to cycle and reach the M phase in the same time as controls. Other blastema cells block completely, never reach M, and are then removed. A possible mechanism for resorption of denervated blastemas is presented.
RGS14 Is a Centrosomal and Nuclear Cytoplasmic Shuttling Protein That Traffics to Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies Following Heat Shock

RGS14, a member of the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) protein family, possesses an N-terminal RGS domain, two Raf-like Ras-binding domains, and a GoLoco motif, which has GDP dissociation inhibitor activity. In this study we show that unique among the known mammalian RGS proteins, RGS14 localizes in centrosomes. Its first Ras-binding domain is sufficient to target RGS14 to centrosomes. RGS14 also shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus, and its nuclear export depends on the CRM-1 nuclear export receptor. Mutation of a nuclear export signal or treatment with leptomycin B causes nuclear accumulation of RGS14 and its association with promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies. Furthermore, a point mutant defective in nuclear export fails to target to centrosomes, suggesting that nuclear cytoplasmic shuttling is necessary for its proper localization. Mild heat stress, but not proteotoxic or transcription-linked stresses, re-localizes the RGS14 from the cytoplasm to promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies. Expression of RGS14, but not point mutants that disrupt the functional activity of its RGS domain or GoLoco motif, enhances the reporter gene activity. The multifunctional domains and the dynamic subcellular localization of RGS14 implicate it in a diverse set of cellular processes including centrosome and nuclear functions and stress-induced signaling pathways.
Multiple within-day conflict testing to define the time course of anxiolytic drug effects

The present article describes a method for multiple within-day conflict testing to conduct drug treatment time course studies more efficiently. Groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained for conflict testing in a standard one-session/day procedure [conditioned suppression of drinking (CSD)]. In this task, thirsty rats (24 h water-restricted) drink from a tube that is electrified only when a tone is on (approximately 20% of the 10-min session time). In Experiment 1 it was found that there was no significant variation in CSD conflict behavior when subjects were tested at 0600, 1200, or 1800 h using the traditional procedure of one test/day. In Experiment 2, subjects were assigned to treatment groups such that there were three 5-min test sessions per day and the test-retest interval was either 2, 4, or 6 h (centered around 1200 h). Test-retest intervals of 6 h (i.e., tests at 0600, 1200, and 1800 h) resulted in comparable levels of punished responding across the repeated within-day tests, whereas test-retest intervals of 2 h and, to a lesser extent 4 h, resulted in unequal within-day conflict behavior characterized by a greater number of shocks accepted and a greater volume of water consumed during the earliest test periods each day. In another group of rats, it was determined that conflict behavior sampled five times/day in 3-min sessions separated by a 3-h test-retest interval (i.e., tests at 0600, 0900, 1200, 1500, and 1800 h) also resulted in stable conflict behavior across the various within-day test periods. In Experiment 3, it was found that acute IP challenges with anticonflict treatments that exhibit either a long duration of action (phenobarbital: 40 mg/kg) or a significant delay to onset in addition to a long duration (MK-801: 0.20 mg/kg) yielded time course data comparable to those obtained using the traditional one test/day procedure. These findings indicate that the use of multiple within-day conflict testing can greatly increase the efficiency of these procedures, particularly when drug treatment timecourse information is desired.
Centrifugal elutriation of human lymphoid cells: Synchronization and separation of aneuploid cells into diploid and tetraploid populations☆

Abstract Both normal and leukemic human lymphoid cell lines were separated into populations corresponding to different positions in the cell cycle by centrifugal elutriation. Each population was analyzed for cell concentration, cell volume, [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation, percentage S phase by autoradiography, and percent G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases by flow cytometry. The smallest cells, collected at the lowest flow rate, were in G 1 phase. Cells collected at increasing flow rates progressively increased in volume and represented distinct positions in the cell cycle transition from G 1 phase, through S phase, and into G 2 /M phase. The purity of the G 1 population varied according to cell load. One hundred percent of cells were recovered and cells collected in G 1 and S-phase populations proliferated in culture with patterns characteristic of synchronized cells. An aneuploid leukemia cell line, CEM, was separated into near-diploid and near-tetraploid populations by centrifugal elutriation. This method of cell separation provides large numbers of human lymphoid cells at different positions in the cell cycle for investigating the relationship between the cell cycle and various surface membrane and metabolic properties of cells. Aneuploid leukemia and lymphoma cells can be separated by centrifugal elutriation into populations which contain different numbers of chromosomes for comparisons of their biologic properties.
Oxalate-Bridged Complexes of Dimolybdenum and Ditungsten Supported by Pivalate Ligands: (tBuCO2)3M2(μ-O2CCO2)M2(O2CtBu)3. Correlation of the Solid-State, Molecular, and Electronic Structures with Raman, Resonance Raman, and Electronic Spectral Data

The compounds ((t)BuCO(2))(3)M(2)(mu-O(2)CCO(2))M(2)(O(2)C(t)Bu)(3) (M(4)OXA), where M = Mo or W, are shown by analysis of powder X-ray diffraction data to have extended lattice structures wherein oxygen atoms from the oxalate and pivalate ligands of one M(4)OXA molecule are linked to metal atoms of neighboring molecules. Raman, resonance Raman, electronic absorption (2-325 K in 2-MeTHF), and emission spectra are reported, together with corresponding spectra of the mu-O(2)(13)C(13)CO(2) isotopomers. To aid in the assignment, the Raman spectra of K(2)C(2)O(4).H(2)O and K(2)(13)C(2)O(4).H(2)O have also been recorded. The visible region of the electronic spectra is dominated by intense, fully allowed MLCT transitions, M(2) delta to oxalate pi*, which show pronounced thermochromism and extensive vibronic progressions associated with the oxalate ligand at low temperatures. With excitation into these charge-transfer bands, strong resonance enhancement is seen for Raman bands assigned to the oxalate nu(1)(a(g)) and, to a lesser extent, nu(2)(a(g)) modes. Electronic structure calculations for the model compounds (HCO(2))(3)M(2)(mu-O(2)CCO(2))M(2)(O(2)CH)(3), employing density functional theory (gradient corrected and time-dependent) with the Gaussian 98 and ADF 2000 packages, predict the planar oxalate D(2h) configuration to be favored, which maximizes M(2) delta to oxalate pi* back-bonding, and indicate low barriers (<8 kcal mol(-1)) to rotation about the oxalate C-C bonds.
Leading U.S. universities and most influential contributors in decision support systems research (1971–1989): a citation analysis

Abstract This paper identifies the most influential contributors in the DSS area in the U.S., examines their contributions, and reviews the institutional publishing records at the leading U.S. universities, which are actively publishing DSS research. To measure the influence/contributions of leading universities and contributors, we used the bibliographic citations of the publications on the specific DSS applications. The critical assumption of this study is that “bibliographic citations are an acceptable surrogate for the actual influence of various information sources.” (M.J. Culnan, Management Science 32, 2, feb 1986, 156–172) This paper identifies thirty-two leading U.S. universities with eighty-one of their affiliated members and twenty three most influential researchers. Among the leading U.S. universities identified, two universities are truly outstanding: The University of Texas-Austin and MIT. Regardless of any types of yardsticks which may be applied to measure their contributions, these two universities may be recognized as centers of excellent DSS research in the U.S.A. in terms of the number of research publications, the number of total citation frequencies, and the number of active researchers in the DSS related areas.
Preeclampsia—A Pressing Problem: An Executive Summary of a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Workshop

On September 21 and 22, 2006, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health sponsored a 2-day workshop titled “Preeclampsia—A Pressing Problem.” The purpose of the workshop was to bring together leaders in the field to present and discuss their diverse research areas, which ranged from basic science to clinical trials and management, and to identify scientific gaps. This article is a summary of the proceedings of that workshop. Although much progress is being made in understanding the underpinnings of preeclampsia, a number of research gaps are identified that, if filled, would hasten progress in the field. It is the overall consensus that preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease whose pathogenesis is not solely vascular, genetic, immunologic, or environmental but a complex combination of factors. In addition, a number of specific scientific gaps are identified including insufficient multidisciplinary and collaborative research, clinical trials and studies of patient management, and a lack of in-depth mechanistic research. The research community needs to focus on these gaps to better understand the disease, with the ultimate goal of preventing the disorder.
Production of Isotopic Variability in Continental Basalts by Cryptic Crustal Contamination

Regional variations in the Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions of Neogene basalts from the western United States are commonly interpreted to originate in the subcontinental mantle. In southern California, isotopic variability is restricted to lavas that lack mantle-derived xenoliths; xenolith-bearing basalts have uniform isotopic compositions similar to those of ocean-island basalts (OIBs). Combined with available geochemical data, these observations suggest that isotopic variability at these volcanoes results from subtle crustal contamination, locally by mafic crust, of primitive OIB-like magma. Recognition of such cryptic contamination may help to reconcile local discrepancies between tectonic and isotopic views of the subcontinental mantle.
Fault-Tolerant Computing: An Introduction

THIS ISSUE of IEEE TRANSATIONS ON COMPUTERS is the sixth Special Issue devoted to the field of fault-tolerant computing [1]-[5], and it contains some of the new results on design, analysis and fault diagnosis of computing systems that are subject to faults. A more extensive collection of the contributions to this field can be found in the digests of the papers presented at the Annual International Conferences on Fault-Tolerant Computing and the previous special and regular issues of this journal [1]-[2]. The first five papers and the first three corresspondences of this issue are concerned with the design, analysis, and fault diagnosis of digital circuits, while the last five papers and the last corresspondence are concerned with the design analysis, and fault diagnosis of computing systems.
CD44 interacts with EGFR and promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma initiation and progression

summary Objectives: CD44 is a promising target for therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and has two defined roles in tumorigenesis: it is a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker and it promotes migration and proliferation through interaction with many signaling molecules. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CD44 in HNSCC carcinogenesis. Materials and methods: The effects of CD44 in cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and cisplatin resistance were studied by its overexpression in HNSCC cells. We also evaluated the effect of CD44 on tumor progression by siRNA methodology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis. CD44 and EGFR colocalization were examined in CAL 27 cells by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The interaction between CD44 and EGFR was analyzed by immunoprecipation. Results: Overexpression of CD44 enhances cell proliferation and migration and correlates with increased cisplatin resistance and apoptosis inhibition in SCC25 cells. Downregulation of CD44 in CAL27 cells inhibited constitutive EGFR phosphorylation and significantly reduced tumor growth in nude mice. CD44 and EGFR colocalized in CAL 27 cells. CD44 coimmunoprecipated with EGFR in CAL 27 cells, indicating that these proteins interact with each other. Conclusion: CD44 therapy in HNSCC may target the CSC population and alter EGFR signaling.
Thue equations and the method of Chabauty-Coleman

Let OK be any domain with field of fractions K . Let F(x, y) ∈ OK [x, y] be a homogeneous polynomial of degree n, coprime to y, and assumed to have unit content (i.e., the coefficients of F generate the unit ideal in OK ). Assume that gcd(n, char(K )) = 1. Let h ∈ OK and assume that the polynomial hzn − F(x, y) is irreducible in K[x, y, z]. We denote by X F,h/K the nonsingular complete model of the projective plane curve CF,h/K defined by the equation hzn − F(x, y) = 0. We shall assume in this article that g(X F,h) ≥ 2. When K is a number field, Mordell’s Conjecture (now Faltings’ Theorem) implies that |X F,h(K )| < ∞. Caporaso, Harris, and Mazur ([CHM, 1.1]) have shown that if Lang’s conjecture for varieties of general type is true, then for any number field K , the size |X(K )| of the set of K -rational points of any curve X/K of genus g(X) ≥ 2 can be bounded by a constant depending only on g(X). Prior to the paper [CHM], Mazur and others had asked whether |X(K )| can be bounded by a constant depending only on g(X) and the Mordell-Weil rank of X/K over K (that is, the rank of the group J(K ) of K -rational points of the jacobian J/K of X/K ). These farreaching questions are totally open. As we shall recall in Sect. 1, the method of Chabauty-Coleman sometimes yields a bound for |X F,h(K )| depending only on g(X F,h) when it is known in advance that the Mordell-Weil rank of X F,h/K is small. Unfortunately, the Chabauty-Coleman method does not yield a bound for |X F,h(K )| independent of the coefficients of hzn − F(x, y) for all curves of the form X F,h . It does, however, produce such a nice bound for the number of primitive integral solutions of F(x, y) = h, as we now explain. Let K = Q and OK = Z. A classical Thue equation is an equation F(x, y) = h where F(x, 1) does not have repeated roots. Thue showed in 1909 that such an equation has finitely many solutions (x, y) ∈ Z2 if n ≥ 3.
The appearance of Grateloupia doryphora (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) on the northeast coast of North America

Abstract Grateloupia doryphora (Montagne) Howe (Cryptonemiales, Halymeniaceae), a large, foliose, red alga, has been recorded for the first time on the northeastern coast of North America. This invasive species is common to the Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Atlantic Ocean from the British Isles to Angola and from Florida to Uruguay. Since July 1996, specimens have also been observed in large numbers in the outermost portions of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Vegetative, carposporophytic, and tetrasporophytic specimens were collected from rock outcrops, loose stones, and mussel shells in the lower intertidal and upper subtidal zones. Vegetative morphology and anatomy exhibit the extensive variability described in foreign specimens belonging to the broad Grateloupia doryphora complex. Reproductive details, particularly the shape of the carpogonial and auxiliary cell ampullae, are typical of the genus. Dumping of ballast water is suspected as the vector responsible for this introduction.
The impact of “Dysconscious Racism”

(1999). The impact of “Dysconscious Racism”. Multicultural Perspectives: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 15-18.
Comparison of iron(III) and aluminum in precipitation of phosphate from solution.

Abstract The results of phosphate precipitation using iron(III) (Hsu, 1973a) and aluminum (Hsu, 1975) are compared. It is suggested that these two coagulants react with phosphate following the same mechanism. The observed differences in optimum conditions and effectiveness of phosphate precipitation are interpreted by assuming that Fe 3+ has a stronger affinity for PO 4 3− and a stronger hydrolyzing power than Al 3+ .
Dynamic, self-assembled aggregates of magnetized, millimeter-sized objects rotating at the liquid-air interface: Macroscopic, two-dimensional classical artificial atoms and molecules

This paper describes self-assembly of millimeter-sized, magnetized disks floating on a liquid-air interface, and rotating under the influence of a rotating external magnetic field. Spinning of the disks results in hydrodynamic repulsion between them, while the rotating magnetic field produces an average confining potential acting on all disks. The interplay between hydrodynamic and magnetic interactions leads to the formation of patterns. Theoretical analysis of hydrodynamic and magnetic forces indicates that the interactions in this system are similar to those acting in systems of finite numbers of particles behaving classically ("classical artificial atoms"). Macroscopic artificial atoms and molecules are described, and the rules governing their morphologies outlined.
Mimics of childhood stroke: characteristics of a prospective cohort.

BACKGROUND. Little is known about the clinical features and spectrum of diagnoses in children with “stroke mimics,” those with acute neurologic deficits but without cerebrovascular diseases. OBJECTIVES. Our goal was to describe patients with stroke mimics and to determine if clinical features predict benign diagnoses. METHODS. Our stroke consult team registered a prospective consecutive cohort of 143 patients with acute presentations suspicious for cerebrovascular disease from November 2003 to November 2004. Cases in which stroke was ruled out (stroke mimics) were reviewed for clinical features and diagnostic test results and were classified “benign” if there was no structural brain lesion and there was an expectation of complete recovery. RESULTS. Of the 143 cases evaluated for suspected stroke, 30 (21%) had stroke mimics. Presenting signs included seizure (n = 11), headache (n = 9), mental status change (n = 6), focal weakness (n = 14), and focal sensory change (n = 7). Eleven patients had “benign” diagnoses (3 migraine, 3 psychogenic diagnoses, 3 musculoskeletal abnormalities, 1 delirium, and 1 episodic vital sign changes). Nineteen patients had “not-benign” diagnoses (3 reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, 3 neonatal seizures, 2 vascular anomalies, 2 inflammatory disease, 2 intracranial infection, 2 epilepsy, 2 metabolic stroke, 1 tumor, 1 drug toxicity, and 1 idiopathic intracranial hypertension). Except for the presence of seizures, there were no significant differences in presentation or risk factors between benign and not-benign cases. CONCLUSIONS. Many disorders mimic childhood stroke. History and clinical presentation often do not distinguish the one third of patients with benign disorders from the two thirds with more serious problems, necessitating timely comprehensive investigations, especially brain MRI.
Effects of covariates and interactions on a genome-wide association analysis of rheumatoid arthritis

While genetic and environmental factors and their interactions influence susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), causative genetic variants have not been identified. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of covariates and genotype × sex interactions on the genome-wide association analysis (GWAA) of RA using Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 Problem 1 data and a logistic regression approach as implemented in PLINK. After accounting for the effects of population stratification, effects of covariates and genotype × sex interactions on the GWAA of RA were assessed by conducting association and interaction analyses. We found significant allelic associations, covariate, and genotype × sex interaction effects on RA. Several top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (~22 SNPs) showed significant associations with strong p-values (p < 1 × 10-4 - p < 1 × 10-24). Only three SNPs on chromosomes 4, 13, and 20 were significant after Bonferroni correction, and none of these three SNPs showed significant genotype × sex interactions. Of the 30 top SNPs with significant (p < 1 × 10-4 - p < 1 × 10-6) interactions, ~23 SNPs showed additive interactions and ~5 SNPs showed only dominance interactions. Those SNPs showing significant associations in the regular logistic regression failed to show significant interactions. In contrast, the SNPs that showed significant interactions failed to show significant associations in models that did not incorporate interactions. It is important to consider interactions of genotype × sex in addition to associations in a GWAA of RA. Furthermore, the association between SNPs and RA susceptibility varies significantly between men and women.
The effect of warning on malingering on memory and motor tasks in college samples

The effect of a warning regarding detection of simulated cognitive and motor deficits on the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R; Wechsler, 1987) and Grooved Pegboard (Klove, 1963; Matthews & Klove, 1964) was examined. Undergraduates (N = 87) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: simulators without warning, simulators with warning, and controls. It was predicted that warning participants that simulation efforts will be detected would reduce malingering behavior and this hypothesis was generally supported. Analyses indicated simulators with warning frequently approximated control group performances and were significantly better than simulators without warning on some measures. Stepwise discriminant function analysis accurately classified 57% of all participants. Results provide support for effectiveness of warning in reducing malingering behavior on selected measures and are discussed in terms of the use of warning as an adjunct to existing procedures, role of the neuropsychologist, and informed consent for assessment in personal injury litigation.
Quantitative weighting of postoperative complications based on the accordion severity grading system: demonstration of potential impact using the american college of surgeons national surgical quality improvement program.

Background To quantify severity of postoperative complications based on the Accordion Severity Grading System, determine the ability of severity grading to enhance National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data, and develop an aggregate measure of severity of complications (the postoperative morbidity index). Study Design Forty-three surgical experts rated case vignettes containing postoperative complications on a severity scale. Vignettes were based on the Accordion Severity Grading System derived from the Toronto Severity Grading System. The system was adjusted using the expert severity scale results and applied to 1 year of NSQIP outcomes (1,857 patients, 704 complications) at a large tertiary care center. Results Experts initially distinguished the 6 grades of severity in a highly significant manner ( t -test probabilities all t -test probabilities all Conclusions Quantitative severity weighting of complications is feasible. Adjustment of American College of Surgeons NSQIP outcomes using this quantitative severity grading system provides uniquely informative representations of relative burdens of morbidities.
Changes in C-reactive protein during weight loss and the association with changes in anthropometric variables in men and women: LIFE Study

Changes in C-reactive protein during weight loss and the association with changes in anthropometric variables in men and women: LIFE Study
Reversible thermal gelation of soft semi‐crystalline polyethylene microparticles with surface interactions in squalane

The effect of temperature on the steady-shear viscosity of a soft semi-crystalline crosslinked-polyethylene microparticle suspension in squalane was studied using rotational rheometry. The results show a sharp increase in the viscosity of the system occurring at about 86°C. The magnitude of this spike is dependent on the concentration of the suspension and is reproducible over multiple heating and cooling cycles. This phenomenon has been attributed to the melting of the crystalline regions within the particles, causing them to swell by soaking up squalane. The Mooney equation was used to model the viscosity data based on swelling data obtained from separate experiments. The results showed that the model is inadequate for describing the observed phenomenon, suggesting the possibility of additional interactions existing among the particles. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Theoretical Study of the Photodissociation and Hydrogenation of the Fluorene Cation

Previous Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR/MS) experiments have shown that UV/visible photolysis of the fluorene cation leads primarily to sequential loss of one to five hydrogens. Subsequent photolysis of the odd mass dehydrogenated species induces further fragmentation to lower mass products. In the present paper, results from density functional calculations are used to explain the experimental findings. These results show that dehydrogenation is predicted to occur first from the sp3 carbon on the five-membered ring and then from only one of the six-membered rings. The predicted infrared spectrum of this C13H5+ (m/z 161) species is shown to match well with a matrix isolation spectrum of a photolyzed fluorene sample. The conclusion is drawn that the C13H5+ (m/z 161) ion retains its fluorene-like framework and does not isomerize upon dehydrogenation. Photolysis of this C13H5+ (m/z 161) ion does appear to lead to isomerization. Plausible photodecomposition pathways leading ...
Effects of coal-water mixture properties in atomization

Recent suggested CWM applications include using filter cake material and mill tailings as coal sources. Neither coal type nor particle size distribution are necessarily well suited for coal-water mixture production. Slurries were prepared with and without additives and attempts were made to characterize their rheological properties and atomize these materials. Limits of operation and the value of existing rheological instrumentation and methods were investigated. Effects of changes in particle size distribution are discussed.
A simple, specific radiometric assay for 5'-nucleotidase.

Abstract A radiometric assay for 5′-nucleotidese (EC 3.1.3.5) has been developed, which is applicable for all 5′-nucleotide substrates. Various column materials and eluants were evaluated for their suitability in the separation of purine and pyrimidine bases and nucleosides produced in the reaction. Neutral alumina columns were found to be the best. The unadsorbed nucleosides and their bases could be quantitatively eluted with 0.1 m Tris-HCl, pH 7.4; subsequent elution of the 5′-nucleotide was then accomplished with 0.2 m sodium phosphate, pH 7.4. Differential measurement of 5′-nucleotidase can be accomplished in the presence of acid or alkaline phosphatases by inclusion of concanavalin A into the reaction mixture. It completely inhibits 5′-nucleotidase without effecting the phosphatases. The applicability of this assay has been demonstrated by studying the properties of 5′-nucleotidase present in a purified plasma membrane preparation from a rat tumor which is enriched with both 5′-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase.
S-nitrosylation TRiPs a calcium switch.

Accumulating evidence indicates that protein S-nitrosylation may convey a broad spectrum of cellular signals. S-nitrosylation of critical cysteine thiols activates a subset of cation-permeable, transient receptor potential channel proteins (TRPs), which may represent a general mechanism for regulating stimulus-coupled cellular Ca2+ flux.
Animal models in ANCA-vasculitis.

SUMMARY The animal models described to date suggest pathogenicity of ANCA. Unfortunately, none of the models unequivocally proves that ANCA are pathogenic. Further search for a suitable animal model to document or exclude causal significance of ANCA in vasculitis is needed.
Maternal aggression in CD-1 mice: Influence of the hormonal condition of the intruder

Intruders were placed in the home cages of 210 individually housed lactating albino mice whose litters were between 3 and 8 days of age, for 5-min tests of maternal aggression. The lactating experimental females were classified into six groups ( N = 35 in each group) depending on the type of intruder placed in their cages, viz., intact male, castrated male, intact female, ovariectomized female, lactating female (used as an intruder ) whose litter was 3–8 days old, or lactating female whose litter was 16–20 days of age. Each experimental female and intruder was used in only one test. Significantly fewer experimental mothers attacked gonadectomized male intruders than attacked intact males, and fewer mothers attacked gonadectomized females than attacked intact animals of either sex. No experimental female attacked a lactating female intruder whose own pups were 3—8 days old. Significantly more experimental females attacked lactating females used as intruders whose litters were 16–20 days old than attacked mothers of young litters. Thus maternal aggression is strongly influenced by the hormonal and reproductive condition of intruder mice.
Metal-insulator transition in an one-dimensional Hubbard-like model with degeneracy and crystalline field splitting

Abstract We consider the SU( N ) generalization of Lieb and Wu's Bethe-ansatz solution of the one-dimensional Hubbard model, where N is a degeneracy composed of spin and orbital degrees of freedom. At T = 0 the model has a Mott metal-insulator transition at a critical value U c ( N ) for a band-filling of exactly one electron per site. U c increases with N , being zero for N = 2 and U c = 3.466 as N → ∞. We discuss groundstate properties along the metal-insulator boundary for two bands ( N = 4) split by a crystal field Δ. The bands could represent to the z 2 and x 2 - y 2 3d-orbitals of CuO 2 .
A developed nature: a phenomenological account of the experience of home

Though “dwelling” is more commonly associated with Heidegger’s philosophy than with that of Merleau-Ponty, “being-at-home” is in fact integral to Merleau-Ponty’s thinking. I consider the notion of home as it relates to Merleau-Ponty’s more familiar notions of the “lived body” and the “level,” and, in particular, I consider how the unique intertwining of activity and passivity that characterizes our being-at-home is essential to our nature as free beings. I argue that while being-at-home is essentially an experience of passivity—i.e., one that rests in the background of our experience and provides a support and structure for our life that goes largely unnoticed and that is significantly beyond our “conscious” control—being-at-home is also a way of being to which we attain. This analysis of home reveals important psychological insights into the nature of our freedom as well as into the nature of the development of our adult ways of coping and behaving.
Interfacial and solvent effects govern the formation of tris(dibenzylidenacetone)dipalladium(0) microstructures.

Organometallic palladium adducts have application as catalysts and as precursors for nanoparticle synthesis. Herein, we study the spontaneous formation of molecular crystals of the organometallic reagent tris(dibenzylidenacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(DBA)3) in THF/H2O binary solvent systems. We report structural and chemical characterization of the resulting diverse structures with shapes including hexagonal platelets, rods, cubes, and stars. Optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to determine representative structures and corresponding compositions when formed either in a binary solution or upon evaporation on a surface. The difference in Pd2(DBA)3 particle morphology was attributed to differences in the surface tension of growing crystalline faces. The formation of a majority of rods or hexagonal platelets in solution was shown to be determined by the ratio of THF to H2O in the solvent, whereas supersaturation effect...
Switched identity of two Przewalski's horse mares detected by blood typing

Accurate pedigrees are of prime importance to breeders of both domestic and captive animals. Blood typing is a tool utilized to verify accuracy of pedigrees in domestic animal breeding programs that may often be directly applied to related zoo species. We describe the application of blood typing techniques developed for domestic horses to detect a switch in the identity of two Przewalski's horse mares. Before the switch detection, one of the mares had been bred to a closely related stallion, a breeding which would not have been planned had the correct identity of the mare been known.
Ferguson rock slide buries California State Highway near Yosemite National Park

During spring 2006, talus from the toe area of a rock-block slide of about 800,000 m3 buried California State Highway 140, one of the main routes into heavily-visited Yosemite National Park, USA. Closure of the highway for 92 days caused business losses of about 4.8 million USD. The rock slide, composed of slate and phyllite, moved slowly downslope from April to June 2006, creating a fresh head scarp with 9–12 m of displacement. Movement of the main rock slide, a re-activation of an older slide, was triggered by an exceptionally wet spring 2006, following a very wet spring 2005. As of autumn 2006, most of the main slide appeared to be at rest, although rocks occasionally continued to fall from steep, fractured rock masses at the toe area of the slide. Future behavior of the slide is difficult to predict, but possible scenarios range from continued scattered rock fall to complete rapid failure of the entire mass. Although unlikely except under very destabilizing circumstances, a worst-case, rapid failure of the entire rock slide could extend across the Merced River, damming the river and creating a reservoir. As a temporary measure, traffic has been rerouted to the opposite side of the Merced River at about the same elevation as the buried section of Highway 140. A state-of-the-art monitoring system has been installed to detect movement in the steep talus slope, movement of the main slide mass, local strong ground motion from regional earthquakes, and sudden changes in stream levels, possibly indicating damming of the river by slide material.
Packing experiments for sharing and publication

Reproducibility is a core component of the scientific process. Revisiting and reusing past results allow science to move forward - "standing on the shoulders of giants", as Newton once said. An impediment to the adoption of computational reproducibility is that authors find it difficult to generate a compendium that encompasses all the required components to correctly reproduce their experiments. Even when a compendium is available, reviewers and readers may have difficulties in verifying the results on platforms different from the ones where the experiments were originally run. As a step towards simplifying the process of creating reproducible experiments, we have developed ReproZip, a tool that automatically captures the provenance of experiments and packs all the necessary files, library dependencies and variables to reproduce the results. Reviewers can then unpack and run the experiments without having to install any additional software. We will demonstrate real use cases for ReproZip, how packages are created, and how reviewers can validate and explore experiments.
A platform for x-ray absorption fine structure study of dynamically compressed materials above 1 Mbar

A platform consisting of a multi-shock drive and an implosion backlighter has been developed for x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements on materials compressed to multi-Mbar pressures. The experimental setup, target design, and backlighter characteristics are presented. Extended XAFS (EXAFS) measurements for various materials have been demonstrated. A quintuple-crystal design is described to enhance the efficiency of the x-ray spectrometer, enabling observation of very weak EXAFS signals in a single shot.
THE MARINE DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA OESTRUPII: STRUCTURE, TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION

Thalassiosira oestrupii (Ostenfeld) Hasle was studied from the southern Indian Ocean, Weddell Sea, and northern Atlantic Ocean. It has the longer extension of the strutted process inwards, with three small columnar supports. A single strutted process near the central areola is 2-3 areolae away from the single labiate process; both are usually visible in the light microscope. Two bands are septate: the valvocopula (intercalary band next to the mantle) is ribbed with a complex pattern of pores, while the other intercalary band (copula) present has but a single ring of large pores. T. oestrupii var. venrickae is described from warmer water with similar bands but with differences in areolae array and spacing of marginal strutted processes. It was found in the Gulf of Mexico, eastern and western Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and western Indian Ocean. The two varieties appear to differ in their ecology and distribution, with T. oestrupii var. oestrupii apparently a cosmopolitan oceanic taxon and T. oestrupii var. venrickae a tropical and subtropical continental shelf taxon.
A new approach for pricing American put options

A new approach based on stochastic approximation is proposed for pricing American put options. Formulated as optimal stopping problems, the solutions of pricing American options are often given in terms of threshold values. Assuming that the market model includes a Markov regime switching as well as the usual geometric Brownian motion, we develop a stochastic approximation algorithm to approximate the threshold levels. We obtain convergence and rates of convergence by weak convergence methods, and report numerical experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. The proposed approach provides us with a viable computational approach, and has distinctive advantage in terms of the reduced computational complexity compared with the optimal stopping approach.
Zyzomys woodwardi (Top) Z. argurus (Bottom)

The X chromosome of Zyzomys, especially that of Z. woodwardi is very large. It contains a long, interstitial block of heterochromatin.
Dopaminergic Dysfunction in Parkinsonism: New Lessons from Imaging:

In recent decades, identification of the dopaminergic deficit in Parkinson's disease has spawned an explo sion of research in the molecular neurobiology of the basal ganglia. In vivo imaging has provided a tool to bridge developments in basic neuroscience and clinicial neurology. Imaging studies have opened a unique window on the neurochemical pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and more specifically on the onset, progression and physiology of the degenerative process. As we are poised on the brink of new protective and restorative therapies for Parkinson's disease, the potential of imaging to teach us about in vivo brain neurochemistry offers both promise and challenge. NEUROSCIENTIST 5:333-340, 1999
Stem cells for osteodegenerative diseases: current studies and future outlook

As the worldwide population grows and life expectancies continue to increase, degenerative diseases of the bones, muscles, and connective tissue are a growing problem for society. Current therapies for osteodegenerative disorders such as hormone replacement therapies, calcium/vitamin D supplements and oral bisphosphonates are often inadequate to stop degeneration and/or have serious negative side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need in the medical community for more effective and safer treatments. Stem cell therapies for osteodegenerative disorders have been rigorously explored over the last decade and are yielding some promising results in animal models and clinical trials. Although much work still needs to be done to ensure the safety and efficacy of these therapies, stem cells represent a new frontier of exciting possibilities for bone and cartilage regeneration.
Therapeutic Ambition, Uncertainty, and Psychotherapy with Heterosexually Married Gay Men: A Short Commentary

A Short Commentary on the article 'Staying Put in the Closet: Examining Clinical Practice and Countertransference Issues in Work with Gay Men Married to Straight Women' by Edward Alessi. The focus is upon countertransference issues, especially therapeutic ambition, in working clinically with heterosexually married gay men. The work of the interpersonal school is emphasized as providing a creative approach to therapeutic ambition with Otto Allen Will's concept of the governing principle of uncertainty.
Sexual dimorphism in snake tail length: sexual selection, natural selection, or morphological constraint?

Male snakes typically have longer tails relative to body length than females, but the extent of this dimorphism varies among species. Three hypotheses have been suggested to explain tail dimorphism. The Morphological Constraint Hypothesis proposes that males have relatively longer tails to accommodate hemipenes and retractor muscles. The Female Reproductive Output Hypothesis proposes that females have relatively shorter tails as a secondary result of natural selection for increased reproductive capacity. The Male Mating Ability Hypothesis proposes that sexual selection favours relatively longer tails in males during courtship. These hypotheses make different predictions about the relationships among tail length, body size, male reproductive morphology, female reproductive output, mode of reproduction, and male mating behaviour among and within taxa. Predictions were tested using published data for 56 genera in the family Colubridae and original data for the water snake, Nerodia sipedon. Tail length dimorphism was more male-biased in tam having relatively short tails (r=–0.52, P < 0.001), hemipenes and retractor muscles occupied a greater proportion of the tail in taxa having relatively short tails (r=– 0.71, P < 0.00l and r=– 0.66, P = 0.001, respectively), and tail length dimorphism was more male-biased in taxa in which body size dimorphism was more female-biased (r=– 0.60, P < 0.001). These results support both the Morphological Constraint Hypotheses and the Female Reproductive Output Hypothesis. However, tests of other predictions, including those regarding patterns within N. sipedon, failed to support any of the three hypotheses. Comparisons among taxa suggest several species in which further tests of these hypotheses would be especially appropriate.
Factors influencing failure to show for a family evaluation

Abstract An important issue in clinical practice concerns clients' failure to keep their initial evaluation appointments, which has been termed defection (Shapiro and Budman, 1973). Research findings and clinical impressions suggest that client defection can be related to three sets of factors: actuarial variables, client psychological and motivational variables, and client-clinician interaction prior to the initial appointment (Rubinstein and Lorr, 1956; Garfield, 1971). Among the actuarial variables, the following have been suggested as being related to clients' defection: referral source, distance client must travel for the appointment, client socioeconomic status (SES), and waiting time (Brill and Storow, 1960; Raynes and Warren, 1971; Lorion, 1973).
Background, Reserve, and Gandy Machines

The reserve of a state of an abstract state machine was defined to be a "naked set". In applications, it may be convenient to have tuples, sets, lists, arrays, etc. defined ahead of time on all elements, including the reserve elements. We generalize the notion of reserve appropriately. As an application, we solve a foundational problem in Gandy's formalization of mechanical devices.
Effects of insulin on ovine fetal leucine kinetics and protein metabolism.

Abstract Fetuses of eight pregnant ewes (114-117 d of gestation) were used to study whether fetal insulin concentration affects fetal protein accretion and, if so, whether such changes are caused by effects on protein synthesis or protein breakdown. Fetal leucine kinetics were measured by infusion of [1-14C]leucine during each of three protocols: (I) low vs. normal insulin concentration; (II) low vs. high insulin concentration; and (III) low vs. high insulin concentration during amino acid infusion to keep leucine concentration constant. Fetal leucine concentration (233 +/- 20 vs. 195 +/- 18 microM) and clearance (48.3 +/- 4.4 vs. 54.2 +/- 5.5 ml/kg per min) were the only aspects of fetal leucine kinetics that changed during protocol I. During protocol II, insulin infusion decreased fetal leucine concentration (222 +/- 22 vs. 175 +/- 22), decreased fetal leucine disposal (11.63 +/- 0.89 vs. 12.55 +/- 0.89 mumol/kg per min), increased leucine clearance (48.0 +/- 4.2 vs. 57.6 +/- 6.5 ml/kg per min), decreased leucine decarboxylation (1.77 +/- 0.17 vs. 2.04 +/- 0.21 mumol/kg per min), decreased nonoxidative leucine disposal (9.81 +/- 0.78 vs. 10.51 +/- 0.74 mumol/kg per min), decreased release of leucine from fetal protein (7.43 +/- 1.08 vs. 8.38 +/- 0.84 mumol/kg per min), but did not change the accretion of leucine into protein. In contrast, when leucine concentrations (205 +/- 25 vs. 189 +/- 23) were maintained (protocol III), insulin infusion did not change fetal leucine disposal, decarboxylation, or nonoxidative disposal although leucine clearance still rose (55.4 +/- 5.0 vs. 64.4 +/- 5.9 ml/kg/min). Fetal release of leucine from protein, however, decreased (7.46 +/- 0.83 vs. 8.57 +/- 0.71 mumol/kg per min) and the accretion of leucine into protein increased (3.27 +/- 0.30 vs. 1.80 +/- 0.32 mumol/kg/min). These findings show that insulin decreases fetal protein breakdown. If insulin-induced hypoaminoacidemia occurs, protein synthesis decreases so that no net accretion of protein occurs. If fetal amino acid concentrations are maintained, however, insulin itself does not affect protein synthesis, and fetal protein accretion increases.