cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intramuscular droperidol versus intramuscular dimenhydrinate for the treatment of acute peripheral vertigo in the emergency department: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective The emergency department (ED) treatment of acute peripheral vertigo (APV) has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of intramuscular (IM) droperidol vs IM dimenhydrinate, in the treatment of ED patients with APV. Methods The study was a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial, performed at a suburban, teaching ED. A convenience sample of adult patients with symptoms and signs consistent with rigid diagnostic criteria for APV were randomized to one of two treatment groups. Patients more than 65 years of age were excluded to reduce the likelihood of diagnostic misclassification. Demographic and historical features were recorded on a standardized data form. Patients recorded their initial level (t0) of discomfort on a 10-centimeter (cm) visual analog scale (VAS). Treatment group 1 received 2.5 mg droperidol IM, while treatment group 2 received 50 mg dimenhydrinate IM. After 30 minutes (t30), patients again recorded the severity of their symptoms on the VAS. Chi-square, t-tests, and Mann-Whitney were used for statistical comparison as appropriate. All tests were two-tailed, with alpha set at 0.05. Primary outcome parameters were the mean change in VAS score from t0 to t30, and the percentage of patients in each treatment group who felt well enough to go home after t30 without further ED intervention. Results There were 20 patients in the droperidol group and 20 in the dimenhydrinate group. The two groups were similar with respect to mean age (40 +/- 13 years droperidol vs. 42 +/- 13 years dimenhydrinate; p = 0.6), female sex (60% vs. 50%; p = 0.7), and mean median duration of symptoms [3 (interquartile range 2-12) vs 9 (interquartile range 2-30) hours; p = 0.2]. Mean initial t0 VAS scores were 7.2 +/- 2.3 and 7.8 +/- 1.9 (p = 0.47). Both treatment groups had mean reductions in VAS scores at t30 of 3.3 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 2.3 to 4.3]. At t30, 42% of patients in the droperidol group and 45% of patients in the dimenhydrinate group felt well enough to go home without further ED intervention. Conclusions The authors found no difference between the therapeutic efficacies of IM droperidol and dimenhydrinate for the treatment of acute peripheral vertigo.
Use of pH and kinetic isotope effects to dissect the effects of substrate size on binding and catalysis by nitroalkane oxidase.

The flavoprotein nitroalkane oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of a broad range of primary and secondary nitroalkanes to the respective aldehydes or ketones, with production of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite. The V/K values for primary nitroalkanes increase with increasing chain length, reaching a maximum with 1-nitrobutane [Gadda, G., and Fitzpatrick, P. F. (1999) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 363, 309–313]. In the present report, pH and deuterium kinetic isotope effects with a series of primary nitroalkanes and phenylnitromethane as substrates have been used to dissect the effects of chain length on binding and catalysis. The apparent pKa value for a group that must be unprotonated for catalysis decreases from about 7 to 5.3 with increasing size of the substrate. The D(V/K) values for these substrates decrease from 7.5 with nitroethane to 1 with phenylnitromethane. These results show that increasing the size of the substrate results in an increased partitioning forward to catalysis. The D(V/K) and DVmax values at pH 5.5 have been used to calculate the effect of substrate size on the Kd values for primary nitroalkanes. The Kd values decrease with increasing length of the substrate, with a ΔΔGbinding of 1.7 kcal mol−1 for each additional methylene group. Such a value is less than the value of 2.6 kcal mol−1 previously determined for the effect of a methylene group on the V/K value [Gadda, G., and Fitzpatrick, P. F. (1999) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 363, 309–313], suggesting that the total energy available per methylene group is used not only to enhance binding but also to increase the rate of catalysis.
Strain-Driven Oxygen Deficiency in Self-Assembled, Nanostructured, Composite Oxide Films

Oxide self-assembly is a promising bottom-up approach for fabricating new composite materials at the nanometer length scale. Tailoring the properties of such systems for a wide range of electronic applications depends on the fundamental understanding of the interfaces between the constituent phases. We show that the nanoscale strain modulation in self-assembled systems made of high-Tc superconducting films containing nanocolumns of BaZrO3 strongly affects the oxygen composition of the superconductor. Our findings explain the observed reduction of the superconducting critical temperature.
Surfactant Phosphatidylcholine Metabolism and Surfactant Function in Preterm, Ventilated Lambs

Preterm lambs were delivered at 138 days gestational age and ventilated for periods up to 24 h in order to study surfactant metabolism and surfactant function. The surfactant-saturated phosphatidylcholine pool in the alveolar wash was 13 ± 4 µmol/kg and did not change from 10 min to 24 h after birth. Trace amounts of labeled natural sheep surfactant were mixed with fetal lung fluid at birth. By 24 h, 80% of the label had become lung-tissue-associated, yet there was no loss of label from phosphatidylcholine in the lungs when calculated as the sum of the lung tissue plus alveolar wash. De novo synthesized phosphatidylcholine was labeled with choline given by intravascular injection at 1 h of age. Labeled phosphatidylcholine accumulated in the lung tissue linearly to 24 h, and the labeled phosphatidylcholine moved through lamellar body to alveolar pools. The turnover time for alveolar phosphatidylcholine was estimated to be about 13 h, indicating an active metabolic pool. A less surface-active surfactant fra...
The international diversification fallacy of exchange-listed securities

Abstract This paper reviews various investment vehicles and examines their international diversification potential. The primary focus is on the ability of U.S. exchange-listed investments such as closed-end country funds, American depository receipts (ADRs), and multinational corporations (MNCs) to provide a diversification effect similar to direct investment in foreign equity. The results show that the U.S. exchange-listed securities included in this study behave more like the host exchange than their home exchange. This result suggests that these U.S. exchange-listed securities, on average, do not perform an international diversification role for U.S. investors.
Elevated serum tumor markers in niacin induced cholestatic jaundice

Niacin is a commonly used vitamin that can cause potentially serious liver abnormalities. We present the case of a 70 year-old man who had cholestatic jaundice secondary to Niacin, that was associated with raised levels of serum tumor markers CA 19–9, and CEA. Though there have been previous case reports of Niacin induced cholestatic jaundice, to our knowledge, this is the first case where elevated serum tumor marker levels were also found. This case also illustrates the importance of obtaining a detailed history, and interpreting diagnostic tests appropriately in patients with deranged liver function tests. A 70 year-old white man presented with significant weight loss, malaise, and fatigue for three months. A questionnaire filled by the patient listed aspirin and vitamins as his medications. Physical exam was unremarkable except for marked scleral icterus. Laboratory data showed Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia. CA 19–9 was 241u/ml, and CEA was 22.8 ng/ml. A abdominal CT scan and ERCP were normal. On a subsequent office visit the patient was advised to bring all his medicines with him, and it was found that the patient was taking Niacin-2 grams per day in divided doses, which had been listed as vitamins. He was advised to stop the Niacin, and his liver function tests, and CA 19–9 and CEA levels returned to normal levels. Niacin, used to treat hypercholestrolemia, may cause a wide range of liver problems. These side effects are seen more often with the Sustained Release form rather than the Immediate Release form. Many patients report this as a vitamin, and if a more detailed history is not obtained this very important cause of liver abnormality may be missed. CA 19–9 and CEA are used as serum tumor markers especially for GI and Hepato-biliary malignancies. Levels are usually higher in malignancies compared to benign conditions, but because of the poor sensitivity and specificity, these markers are not recommended for screening for malignancies, and are usually used for confirming diagnoses and monitoring response to therapy. In patients with deranged liver function tests a detailed history should be obtained to exclude potentially hepatotoxic over-the-counter medications. Patients should be encouraged to bring their pill bottles to the office at the time of initial consultation. Serum tumor markers should be ordered selectively, and should be interpreted appropriately to avoid expensive, and potentially harmful invasive procedures.
Phrenoblysis: special brain and mind growth periods. II. Human mental development.

Spurts in the mental age of humans are shown to be recoverable from data giving the average mental age as a function of chronological age. Data from 13 independent studies are shown to give a highly consistent spectrum of ages at which spurts are found; these are 2-4, 6-8, 10-12, and 14-16, with an especially clear low rate of growth at 12-14 yr. These ages correlate very well with those found for spurts in brain and skull sizes so that an obvious working hypothesis is that mutations for increased brain weight were selected for by virtue of the greater mental ability thus afforded to humans.
Managing uncertainty and abstraction in decision support systems

Describes how evidential reasoning (ER) has been used to manage uncertainty and abstraction in U-Plan, a planning system capable of utilising uncertain and incomplete information. U-Plan uses a unique possible worlds formalism to describe likely representations of the environment at multiple abstraction levels. The possible worlds are generated from information which may have been collected from disparate sources, and expressed in diverse frames of reference. This information is accompanied by a quantitative measure of belief, that is used to weight the evidence supporting each possible world state. In support of hierarchical planning, each possible world contains a description at a number of levels of abstraction. This allows strategic decisions to be made using a coarse description of the world, and tactical decisions using a detailed description. Compatibility relations from ER provides the mechanism to represent and manipulate information at varying levels of abstraction. The architecture described also provides for planning in dynamic environments as U-Plan can rapidly assess when changes to the world, during plan generation, may invalidate existing plans.
TALKIN' TRASH AT HARDWICK HIGH: A Case Study of Insult Talk on a Boys' Basketball Team

Trash talking has been the subject of considerable social commentary and criticism in the past few years. Media constructions of the phenomenon claim that it has filtered down from the world of pro...
Urokinase activity in the developing avian heart: A spatial and temporal analysis

Early events in cardiac morphogenesis are characterized by cell migrations and extensive tissue remodeling. This study was undertaken to determine the levels of urokinase in specific regions of the avian heart during early stages of development. Urokinase has previously been shown to be involved in both cell migration and matrix turnover. Elevated urokinase activity and mRNA levels were associated with the onset of ventricular trabeculation and mesenchymal cell migration in the endocardial cushion tissues. Urokinase was localized by immunostaining to the endocardial and mesenchymal cells of the developing atrioventricular canal (AVC) and outflow tract (OFT) as well as with evaginating ventricular endocardium. No immunoreactivity was seen associated directly with the matrix, suggesting that the enzyme remained mostly cell associated, a finding which was confirmed in isolated endocardial cells. Results from this study suggest a role for urokinase in the tissue remodeling and cell migration that occurs during the early stages of cardiac morphogenesis.
Teaching and Learning in Ambulatory Care Settings : A Thematic Review of the Literature

A thematic review was conducted of the 1980–1994 research literature on teaching and learning in ambulatory care settings for both undergraduate and graduate medical education. Included in the review were 101 data-based research articles, along with other articles containing helpful recommendations
Seton Hall university doctor of science degree program: clinical doctorate in audiology.

This article provides an overview of the clinical doctoral program in audiology at Seton Hall University. It is a full-time, 4-year program that includes academic course work, clinical practica, an...
Effects of dose rate on the electrical conductivity of ion implanted polymers

Abstract Several kinds of polymers were implanted by 50 keV nitrogen (N + and N + 2 ) with different dose rates (0.16–2.03 μA/cm 2 ). The resistivity was measured using a constant voltage method. The dose rate was found to significantly influence the resistivities of implanted polymers. The temperature of the targets at the end of the implant was more dependent upon the total fluence than the dose rate. While some variation of resistances of the conducting layer was observed for different implant dose rates, no blistering or bubble formation occurred under these conditions. The dose rate was found to also affect the current-voltage characteristic and temperature-dependent resistivity of implanted polymers.
Do immature T cells accumulate in advanced age

The hypothesis that decreased T cell function in the elderly involves an increased number of less differentiated T cells was examined. Three markers known to change during thymocyte development were analyzed; ratio of adenosine deaminase (ADA) to purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) H/M subunit ratios and the T cell associated antigens, T3, T4, T8 and T10. Cells tested were from 10 old (greater than 75 years) and 10 young (less than 35 years) persons with equal numbers of males and females in each group. Before analysis, cells were purified into three groups; unfractionated, and monocyte depleted T cell and B cell enriched populations. Results for ADA/PNP ratios showed no significant differences between old and young in any of the fractions analyzed. H/M ratios however, were significantly reduced in all three fractions from old donors when compared with young. Surface marker distribution pattern as illustrated by the T3 - (T4 + T8) difference was lower in samples from old donors but not significantly so. There was a very significant reduction in percent cells positive for T3 in all three fractions from old persons. Although some of the changes seen in these markers could be due to a failure of normal differentiation, they could also be caused by the general phenomenon of altered gene expression known to occur with advanced age in a variety of non-lymphoid cells. The absence of any difference in the ADA/PNP ratio suggests that T cell dysfunction in the elderly may not be due to increased numbers of less differentiated cells as a result of thymic involution.
Alveolar-capillary diffusion and ventilation-perfusion inhomogeneity: a mathematical model

In analysis of ventilation-perfusion inhomogeneity with inert gases, it is commonly assumed that the effects of alveolar-capillary diffusion can be ignored. This approximation may not be valid during exercise or in the presence of oedema or emphysema. A mathematical model is presented of inert gas exchange that allows for a diffusion limitation as well as ventilation-perfusion inhomogeneity. These effects can be distinguished by examining how partial pressure ratios of various inert gases change with solubility and alveolar-capillary diffusivity. Furthermore, the model suggests that the input of inert gases by inhalation rather than venous infusion is feasible and that sampling of mixed-venous blood is unnecessary. Hence, the inert gas study of abnormal pulmonary gas exchange may yield more information and may be more readily applied to clinical studies than currently recognised.
Work stress and customer service delivery

A study was conducted examining the relationship between perceived work stressors and job performance in a customer contact position. Workers served as technical liaison between clients and company engineers and were evaluated in terms of how efficiently communication networks were installed and maintained at the customer’s site. As predicted, a significantly greater proportion of individuals in the high performance group reported low levels of job stressors, suggesting that perceptions of job stress can relate to quality service. Implications of these findings for managing service positions are discussed.
Combining Population Density Estimates in Line Transect Sampling Using the Kernel Method

Line transect methods that are pooling robust allow data from different transects or locations to be pooled for estimation of population density. This is particularly important in situations where data from individual transects are sparse and pooling is done out of necessity. In this study, we investigate a method for combining estimates from individual transects when each transect has sufficient data to support estimation with the kernel method. It is based on a minimizer of the asymptotic mean squared error of a linear combination of the individual population density estimators. The asymptotic mean squared error of the simple pooled estimator is always at least as large as the optimally combined estimator. We apply this combination to two estimates from data on a real population of mussels. Using a variety of simulations, we demonstrate the better finite-sample efficiency for combining unbalanced cases. In practice, if the detection functions were identical, it could be better to pool, but the gains are modest. On the other hand, when the detection functions are different, it can be substantially better to combine. This recommends the new linear combination.
Colloidal crystals of silica-homopolypeptide composite particles.

Colloidal particles of uniform size can crystallize in suspension. The large lattice spacing of these crystals leads to diffraction of visible light. Such systems have been considered as optical filters, intensity limiters, photonic bandgapmaterials, andsensors.1-6 Crystallizable colloidal particles are also useful model systems for studying orderdisorder transitions and crystal growth rate.7-9 The most popular formulations are polymer latex or silica. A few years ago, this laboratory described core-shell colloids in which a silica core was coated with poly(γ-benzyl-Lglutamate), PBLG, a helical, rodlike homopolypeptide.10 Compared to previous polypeptide-coated particles,11,12 excellent, latex-like particle uniformity was achieved. The shells of those particles were largely in the R-helical conformation. The following factors motivate continued interest in silica core/homopolypeptide shell composite particles: the helix-coil transition may lead to a responsive, configurable surface; polypeptides display a very rich chemistry; tethering polypeptides to a rigid core may alter their tendency to form cholesteric liquid crystals; colloids with a chiral surface may be useful for some separations. In this short contribution, we describe silica colloidal particles coated with a different homopolypeptide, poly( -carbobenzyloxy-L-lysine) or PCBL. The resultant coreshell particles display crystalline order not yet observed in the PBLG-coated spheres.
Stability Analysis of a Levitated Droplet by Using Floquet Multipliers

In this paper, the analysis of the time evolution of a levitated droplet is proposed. The analysis is composed of two parts: in the first part, a nonlinear dynamics approach was considered to calculate quantities characterizing time series data such as attractor dimension or largest Lyapunov exponent. The number of degrees of freedom in the system was also assessed. Based on the results obtained in the first part, Floquet theory was applied in the second part of the analysis to investigate the stability of the system. Data acquired from a levitation instrument developed by Space Power Institute at Auburn University was used to perform the analysis.
Model reference adaptive control using only input aid output signals

It is shown how globally stable model reference adaptive control systems may be designed using only the plant's input and output signals. Controllers for single input-single output, nonlinear, nonautonomous plants are developed based on Liapunov's direct method and the Meyer-Kalman-Yacubovich lemma. Filtered derivatives of the plant output replace pure derivatives which are normally required in these systems. An augmented error signal replaces the error previously used which is the difference between the model and plant outputs. However, global stability is assured in the sense that this difference approaches zero asymptotically.
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy

ABSTRACT Approaches to the midline third ventricle have presented significant problems in the past in view of the critical anatomic structures forming its borders. Technological advances have enabled the adaptation of both rigid and flexible endoscopy to the management of various pathologic processess involving the third ventricle. The authors describe the technique of endoscopic third ventriculostomy, a procedure used for treating some patients with symptomatic noncommunicating hydrocephalus without the need for a ventricular shunt.
Characteristics of the Series Interferometer

Basically, the Series Interferometer consists of three partially reflective surfaces separated by approximately equal optical distances. Some of the properties of this instrument are discussed, and some comparisons are drawn between the Series Interferometer and more complicated systems of similar versatility. Distinct low-order fringes are produced, and the instrument may be constructed to permit observation of white-light fringes. Background intensity is superimposed upon the fringe patterns obtained with parallel mirror setups, but can be eliminated by using slightly inclined mirror systems. Optimum performance for inclined mirror instruments yields a peak fringe intensity of 14.8 percent of the incident intensity. The fringe pattern is localized in or near the first mirror surface for most applications of the instrument. Experimental observations are presented to indicate the character of interference patterns obtained with normal and oblique incidence. The Series Interferometer is shown to be a compact, stable instrument capable of measuring minute variations of optical paths in a wide range of applications.
Supraceliac aortic occlusion: A safe approach to pararenal aortic aneurysms

Twenty-four patients who underwent surgery for pararenal aortic aneurysms between January 1992 and April 1997 are reviewed. Eighteen patients had primary atherosclerotic aneurysms, three patients had symptomatic infected aneurysms, two patients had an aneurysm proximal to a prior aortic repair, and one patient had a pseudoaneurysm of a proximal aortic graft anastomosis. Thirteen patients underwent elective operation, five had an urgent operation, and six patients underwent an emergency procedure. Five patients had the proximal aortic clamp placed between the renal arteries (Group I), three patients had it placed between the superior mesenteric and the renal arteries (Group II), and 16 patients had it placed in a supraceliac location (Group III). Aneurysm size, age, sex, preoperative blood chemistries (including hemoglobin, hematocrit, liver function studies, and coagulation studies) were similar in all groups. Two patients in Group III were on hemodialysis preoperatively. Preoperative renal function (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) was the same in all groups. Visceral ischemic time was 43.4 ± 9.37 min to the distal kidney in Group I, 26.6 ± 7.63 min in Group II, and 24.5 ± 6.22 min in Group III. Mean transfusion requirements were similar in all groups. Two patients in Group I required postoperative hemodialysis. No patient in either Group II or III developed renal insufficiency. Mortality was the same in each group but was related to the urgency of operation (elective 7.6%, urgent 40%, emergent 50%). Intrarenal clamping (Group I) was associated with more renal and gastrointestinal complications than either suprarenal or supraceliac clamping. Although suprarenal and supraceliac clamping had similar results, our preference is supraceliac clamping because it is technically easy to achieve and is associated with few end-organ complications.
Evaluation of a hypothesizer for silhouette-based 3-D object recognition

Shape retrieval and shape-based object recognition are closely related problems; however, they have different task contexts, performance criteria, and database characteristics. In previous work, we proposed a method for similarity-based 2-D shape retrieval using scale-space part decompositions, part-frequency distributions, and structural indexing. In this paper, we evaluate the use of that shape retrieval method as the hypothesis generation component of silhouette-based 3-D object recognition systems, using a performance criterion and test database appropriate for the new application.
A Stable Finite Difference Scheme for the Linearized Vorticity and Divergence Equation System

Abstract A modification of Saul'ev's finite difference scheme for the heat equation is applied to the vorticity and divergence equation system for a rotating barotropic fluid. The scheme entails the use of two time levels to approximate second space derivatives, plus alternating ascending and descending marches through the grid lattice. The scheme is unconditionally stable in the von Neumann sense. Test integrations are performed for a linearized problem (the response of a barotropic ocean in a bounded basin to a time varying wind stress) and the truncation error is shown to be low, provided that the time step is short compared to the period of the forcing function.
Statistical Models in Behavioral Research

Contents: Introduction. Statistics, Probability, and Decision. Basic Concepts. Contrasts on Means. Testing a Statistical Hypothesis. Simple Analysis of Variance. Regression and ANOVA in the Linear Model Framework. Two-Way Factorial Designs. Repeated-Measures Designs. Unbalanced Designs and Nonorthogonality.
Avoidance of colostomy placement in advanced colorectal cancer with twice weekly hypofractionated radiation plus continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of twice weekly hypo-fractionated radiation therapy (RT) plus continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil for unresectable or locally advanced colorectal cancer with synchronous metastases. Palliative radiation consisting of 30 Gy/6 fractions/3 weeks was administered to 87 patients from 1982-1995 with 3 field belly board technique. Diverting colostomy was required for obstruction in 14 (16%) prior to radiation; 47 patients (54%) had recurrent disease following prior resection and 58 (66%) had distant metastases on presentation. Median follow-up was 12 months (1-104 months). Stabilization/regression of pelvic disease was accomplished in 65 patients (75%). Complete resection of the pelvic disease was accomplished in 5 patients (6%), all of whom had synchronous metastases. Diverting colostomy was required in only 11 patients after chemoradiation because of progressive pelvic tumor; 2 of these 11 patients (18%) had isolated progression of pelvic disease. Overall, colostomy was not required in 48 of the 72 patients (67%) who did not present with a stoma. Median survival was 11 months if metastatic disease was present and only 6 months when disease was limited to the pelvis. Grade 3 acute radiation toxicities occurred in <10% and no grade 4 acute toxicities were observed. No significant late radiation effects were noted. Twice weekly hypofractionated RT is well tolerated and provides durable palliation of symptoms related to locally advanced primary or recurrent colorectal cancer with metastatic disease.
Estimating growth rates of ferromanganese nodules from chemical compositions: implications for nodule formation processes

Abstract Using available information on the accretion rates and the bulk chemical compositions of oceanic ferromanganese nodules, it can be shown that the accumulation rate of manganese is proportional to the square of the accumulation rate of iron. This relationship has been used to derive an equation that predicts nodule growth rates from their chemical compositions. The equation accurately predicts growth rates up to about 50 mm/10 6 yr, but yields incorrect rates for faster-growing concretions. From this relationship nodules underneath water of high primary productivity grow most rapidly and accumulate transition metals most rapidly; however, nodules from regions of highest primary productivity do not have the highest concentrations of nickel and copper. Reduction of manganese within the sediment column and remobilization of a fraction to the surface sediments adds manganese to nodules without substantially augmenting the supply of other transition elements. The addition of remobilized manganese to the nodule dilutes the concentrations of nickel, copper and iron, even though their rates of accumulation are also high.
Racial Differences in Political Conceptualization

r _ HE 1960s was a tumultuous time in American racial politics. Social scientists confronted a host of questions arising out of that turmoil, some of the most significant of which concerned racial differences in political attitudes. One focus was political cynicism and political support. In the late 1960s black children exhibited greater political cynicism than did white children (Abramson 1977), a pattern shared by adults (Miller 1974). Similarly, Aberbach and Walker found a series of racial differences in political orientations and policy attitude (1970). And Verba and Nie identified black consciousness as an important corrective to the lower rates of black political participation generated by socioeconomic characteristics (1972). There also have been important changes in black and white political orientations (Converse et al. 1980: 59-101; Taylor et al. 1978; Condron 1979). Pomper notes the substantial growth of "group consciousness" among blacks, such that "racial evaluations of the parties and candidates have become sharply distinct" (1975: 130). Others have found that although racial differences on racial issues exhibit "approximately the same distance between the races over the years" from 1960 to 1973, "political activism and sophistication among blacks is increasing to levels comparable with that of whites" (Schwartz and Schwartz 1976: 157, 167). And while from 1965 to 1973 many policy and political orientations of blacks and whites became less distinct, Jennings and Niemi found "a small increase in the differential resources of whites and nonwhites" (1981: 313). To this point, though, little is known about longitudinal differences in the political conceptualization of blacks and whites. Information about black and white patterns of conceptualization has several implications. First, variations in political conceptualization may indicate differences in individual political resources (Inglehart 1977). Second, abstract conceptualization of politics also forms the basis for consistent configurations in attitude systems and frequent political participation (Klingemann 1979a). Third, conceptualization is cognitively more fundamental than the concerns of most previous research into racial differences in political thinking. The analysis of political conceptualization thus will show if racial differences in political orientation are deeply seated in fundamental cog-
The three HveA receptor ligands, gD, LT-α and LIGHT bind to distinct sites on HveA

Abstract The herpes virus entry mediator A (HveA), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, interacts with three different protein ligands; lymphotoxin-α (LT-α) and LIGHT (LIGHT stands for l ymphotoxin homolog, which exhibits i nducible expression and competes with HSV g lycoprotein D for H veA and is expressed on T -lymphocytes) from the host and the herpes simplex virus (HSV) surface glycoprotein gD. It has been reported that the gD binding site on HveA is located within the receptor's two N-terminal CRP domains, and that gD and LIGHT compete for their binding to HveA. However, whether these ligands interact with the same or different sites on the receptor is unclear. We analyzed and compared the sites of interaction between HveA and its TNF ligands, by using two recombinant forms of the receptor, comprising the full-receptor ectodomain (HveA (200t)) and its two first CRP domains (HveA (120t)), as well as several monoclonal antibodies recognizing HveA. Two HveA peptide ligands (BP-1 and BP-2) that differentially inhibit binding of soluble gD and LT-α to the receptor were also used to demonstrate that gD, LIGHT and LT-α bind to distinct sites on the receptor. Our results suggest that binding of a ligand to HveA may alter the conformation of this receptor, thereby affecting its interaction with its other ligands.
Radiosensitization of cervical cancer cells via double-strand DNA break repair inhibition.

Abstract Purpose. LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, has been found to radiosensitize various human cancer cells. However, its potential to act as an effective therapeutic agent is diminished by its toxicity levels. The purposes of this study were to determine the mechanism by which LY294002 radiosensitizes. Materials and methods. Cell growth curves and clonogenic assays were performed with increasing LY294002 exposure times proximate to the radiation dose. Protein levels of downstream PI3K effectors were analyzed. Detection of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) was used to identify DNA double-strand breaks at various time points post-radiation. Results. LY294002 significantly radiosensitized HeLa cervical cancer cells when administered for just 12 h following radiation. Cell growth curves also decreased with brief LY294002 application. DNA double-strand breaks are typically repaired within 2–6 h following radiation. Interestingly, at 48, 72, and 96 h post-irradiation, γH2AX was still significantly elevated in cells radiated in combination with LY294002. Protein expressions of ATM and ATR downstream effectors showed no differences among the treated groups, however, DNA-PK activity was significantly inhibited by LY294002. Conclusions. These results lead us to conclude that the central mechanism by which LY294002 radiosensitizes is via DNA-PK inhibition which induces DNA double-strand break repair inhibition. We are currently investigating radiosensitization induced by DNA-PK-specific inhibition in efforts to find a less toxic, yet equally effective, chemotherapeutic agent than LY294002.
Heterosubtypic Immunity to Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection Is Associated with Virus-Specific CD8+Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses Induced in Mucosa-Associated Tissues☆

Heterosubtypic immunity, defined as cross-reactive immune responses to influenza virus of a different serotype than the virus initially encountered, was investigated in association with virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses induced in systemic and mucosa-associated lymph nodes after immunization via different routes. Mice immunized by the pulmonary route with live nonpathogenic influenza virus, strain Udorn (H3N2), survived challenge with mouse-adapted pathogenic influenza virus, strain PR/8/34 (H1N1). These mice developed strong heterosubtypic CTL responses in spleen, cervical lymph nodes (CLN), and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN). Alternately, only 20% of mice immunized intravenously, intraperitoneally, or intranasally survived the challenge; all of these developed CTL responses in spleen and CLN, but not in MLN. Direct correlation between short-term and long-term memory heterosubtypic CTL responses induced in MLN and host recovery after lethal infection indicates that these CTL responses may play an important role in heterosubtypic immunity. Furthermore, induction and maintenance of memory CTL in regional mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues are highly dependent on mucosal immunization. The results implicate the mechanism of heterosubtypic immunity and should be an important consideration in the development of protective mucosal vaccines against variant strains of influenza and HIV.
Comparison of Nerve Endings in Normal Gingiva with Those in Mucosa Covering Edentulous Alveolar Ridges

The morphology and quantity of neural elements in 109 tissue specimens of gingiva and edentulous mucosa were studied by the cholinesterase whole-mount technique. The microscopic findings were compared on the basis of morphology, sex and age of patient, location of the biopsy site in the mouth, edentulous state and time, and the presence of a prosthesis.
LIGHT-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF RUDIMENTARY EMBRYOS OF ILEX OPACA'

A B S T R A C T The mature seeds of llex opaca Ait. contain rudimentary heart-shaped embryos. When excised embryos of cv. Farage were grown in vitro with a 16-hr photoperiod, only 20 % reached germination size after 13-day incubation, while 75 % of the embryos reached the same stage when incubated in darkness. This light inhibitory effect increased with the length of daily light exposure as the daily photoperiod reached 4 hr. Nearly 50%, growth reduction resulted as the cultures were preincubated in light continuously for 2 days before a 10-day dark incubation. After 4 days of light incubation the inhibitory effect could no longer be reversed by the subsequent dark incubation. Once the heart-shaped embryos started to grow in darkness they become progressively insensitive to subsequent light inhibition. After a 6-day initial dark incubation the embryos become immune from the inhibitory effect of light. This light inhibitory effect on in vitro embryo growth was universal in all 11 tested cultivars. THE SEEDS of llex opaca (American holly) contain rudimentary embryos which remain in the heart-shaped stage after the fruits have reached maturity (Ives, 1923). A minimum of 15 months under the proper germination conditions is required for the seeds of mature berries to complete their embryonic development and to begin germination (Barrett, 1962; Ives, 1923). Barrett (1962) referred to this period of embryonic development (from heart-shaped stage to mature embryo) as "late embryogeny." To bypass this period of embryo dormancy, an in vitro method of culturing the excised rudimentary embryos of 11 llex species has been developed (Hu, 1975a).
An LTCC-based microfluidic system for label-free, electrochemical detection of cortisol

Abstract This paper presents a fully automated low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) based microfluidic system with an integrated electrochemical biosensing platform for the detection of cortisol. This paper presents the design, fabrication, integration and testing of the integrated 3D microfluidic system. The electrochemical immunosensor consists of microfabricated interdigitated Au electrodes, onto which cortisol antibodies are immobilized using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) matrix of dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) (DTSP). Finite element based simulation was used to optimize the fluid flow dynamics and washing efficiency required for immunosensing in the LTCC microfluidic assay chamber. Cortisol was used as a model analyte to demonstrate electrochemical immunosensing in a fully automated microfluidic system. Cortisol was detected in a linear range of 10 pM–100 nM at a sensitivity of 0.207 μA/M using cyclic voltammetry (CV). This system establishes the basis for the development of a POC cortisol sensor.
Structure and expression of a second sea urchin U1 RNA gene repeat

Abstract There are two tandemly repeated sets of U1 RNA genes in the sea urchin L. variegatus. Each of these genes is present in a 1.4 kb repeat defined by a HindIII site about 450 bases 5' to the gene. The sequences of a member of both repeating units (U1.1 and U1.2) has been determined. The repeats are nearly identical for 550 nucleotides 5' to the gene but show great divergence starting 30 nucleotides 3' to the gene, just after the CAAAGAAAGAAAA sequence thought to be required for 3' end formation. The other boundary between the conserved and non-conserved sequences is a polypyrimidine sequence (on the strand which codes for U1 RNA). Both of these repeats are expressed in blastula stage embryos, as judged by transcription of unique sequences 3' to the gene in nuclei isolated from blastula stage embryos. At least some of the two types of repeats are interspersed, since representatives of both repeat types on a single gamma phage isolated from a gene library. The sequence of the U1 RNA in L. variegatus eggs and embryos corresponds to the sequence of the U1 repeat.
A theoretical basis for identifying the sound sources in a turbulent flow

A space-time filtering approach is used to divide an unbounded turbulent flow into its radiating and non-radiating components. The result is then used to clarify a number of issues including the possibility of identifying the sources of the sound in such flows. It is also used to investigate the efficacy of some of the more recent computational approaches.
Deformation and flow of matter: Interrogating the physics of materials using rheological methodsa)

Rheological measurements offer a unique means of interrogating the physics of amorphous solids, including crosslinked rubbers and polymeric glasses. Here, we present several vignettes to demonstrate the ability of both classical and novel rheological experiments to resolve important questions in condensed matter physics. First, results from torque and normal force measurements aimed at understanding the thermodynamics and mechanics of polymer networks in both dry and swollen states are presented. In particular, we examine the validity of the Frenkel–Flory–Rehner theory of rubber network swelling. Torsion and normal force measurements are also described for a series of polymeric glasses that exhibit similar shear moduli but, surprisingly, very different normal force responses, with one set of materials showing extreme deviations from neo-Hookean behavior and the other being close to neo-Hookean. We then describe the use of a novel torsional dilatometer, which allows simultaneous measurement of mechanical p...
Quaternion Variational Integrators for Spacecraft Dynamics

A general method for deriving variational integrators for systems with quaternion state variables is introduced. These integrators exhibit realistic energy and momentum behavior while having computational costs comparable to or less than low-order Runge–Kutta methods, making them suitable for both simulation and real-time estimation and control applications. Integrators are derived for several systems, including rigid bodies with momentum actuators and internal viscous damping. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of the integrators and an application to attitude determination using an extended Kalman filter is presented.
Markers of extracellular matrix turnover and the development of right ventricular failure after ventricular assist device implantation in patients with advanced heart failure

Background Cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and metabolically active collagenous network that responds to mechanical strain. The association between ECM turnover and right ventricular failure (RVF) development after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation in patients with advanced heart failure (HF) was investigated. Methods Circulating levels of osteopontin, metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MPP-9, and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-4 were measured in 61 patients at LVAD implantation and explantation and in 10 control subjects. RVF was defined as the need for RVAD, nitric oxide inhalation > 48 hours and/or inotropic support > 14 days. Results All ECM markers were elevated in patients with HF compared with controls (all p 0.05). RVF developed in 23 patients (37.7%) on LVAD support. All ECM markers decreased on LVAD support in patients without RVF (all p p r = −0.44, p 260 ng/ml discriminate patients who develop RVF from those without RVF (sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 82%). Conclusions Marked elevation of osteopontin levels before LVAD placement is associated with RVF development. Persistent elevation of circulating ECM markers after LVAD implantation characterizes patients who develop RVF. These novel biomarkers would have a potential role in the prediction of RVF development in patients undergoing LVAD implantation.
A convenient method for the accurate estimation of concentrations of alkyllithium reagents

Abstract 1,3-Diphenyl-2-propanone tosylhydrazone in tetrahydrofuran solvent is shown to be an effective reagent for the determination of concentrations of alkyllithium reagents. A sharp color change is observed at equivalence, the solution becoming orange upon initial production of the tosylhydrazone dianion. 1,3-Diphenyl-2-propanone tosylhydrazone is conveniently prepared, stored and handled, and is non-hygroscopic.
Collective bremsstrahlung recoil force on the bare charge of an unperturbed test particle in a nonequilibrium beam-plasma system

This work presents the reduction of the collective bremsstrahlung recoil force on the bare charge of an unperturbed relativistic test particle in a nonequilibrium beam-plasma system. In this part of the bremsstrahlung process, the field of the test particle is scattered by the second- and third-order dynamic polarization current that is induced by the test particle and acts back on the bare charge of the unperturbed test particle. The expressions obtained here are to be used in determining the conditions for occurrence of a possible collective bremsstrahlung radiative instability in a nonequilibrium relativistic beam-plasma system.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Moderating effects of gender and organizational level between role stress and job satisfaction among hotel employees

This study investigates the moderating roles of gender and organization level in the relationship between role stress and job satisfaction for hotel employees. A survey instrument that included measures of job satisfaction, role stress (conflict and ambiguity) and demographic information was used to collect information from hotel employees in Republic of Korea. Data from 320 respondents, representing a 64% of response rate, were analyzed. Findings show that the effect of role stress on job satisfaction is significantly stronger for female employees and supervisory employees than male employees and non-supervisory employees. Research implications and suggestions for future research are provided.
Regulation of gonadotropin subunit messenger ribonucleic acid expression by gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse amplitude in vitro.

The present study examined the effect of GnRH pulse amplitude on alpha, LH beta and FSH beta mRNAs using an in vitro perfusion model. Pituitaries from 30-day-old female rats were dissociated and the cells plated for 48 h to allow attachment to collagen-coated microcarrier beads. The beads were loaded into perifusion chambers, preperifused for 1 h, and then given GnRH pulses (17.5-175 pg/ml) every 30 min for 24 h. Perifusate LH was measured after 2 h and 22 h of perifusion and alpha LH and FSH beta messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were determined by hybridization to complementary DNA (cDNA) probes. All doses of GnRH acutely stimulated LH release, and responses were similar after 2 h and 22 h. LH release increased as a function of GnRH pulse dose with maximal increases seen following 70 pg/ml pulses. alpha mRNA levels (control = 0.73 +/- 0.1 fmol cDNA bound/100 micrograms pituitary DNA) were increased 30% and 40% after 24 h of 35 and 70 pg/ml pulses, respectively (P < 0.05 vs. media controls). LH beta mRNA concentrat...