cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cell-surface Cytokeratin 8 Is the Major Plasminogen Receptor on Breast Cancer Cells and Is Required for the Accelerated Activation of Cell-associated Plasminogen by Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator

Cytokeratin 8 (CK 8) has been identified on the external surfaces of viable, unpermeabilized epithelial cells (Hembrough, T. A., Vasudevan, J., Allietta, M. M., Glass, W. F., and Gonias, S. L. (1995) J. Cell Sci. 108, 1071-1082). In this study, we demonstrated that CK 8 is the major plasminogen-binding protein in plasma membrane fractions isolated from three breast cancer cell lines, BT20, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-157. To assess the function of CK 8 as a plasminogen receptor, monoclonal antibody 1E8 was raised against the carboxyl-terminal 12 amino acids of CK 8. The 1E8 epitope was present on the external surfaces of breast cancer cells, as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. 125I-1E8 bound to MCF-7 cells; the maximum binding capacity (1.5 x 10(6) sites per cell) was comparable with that determined for plasminogen. When MCF-7 cells were incubated with Fab fragments of 1E8, specific 125I-plasminogen binding was decreased up to 82%. Specific plasminogen binding was decreased up to 67%, even when the unbound 1E8 Fab was removed by washing the cells prior to adding 125I-plasminogen. Preincubation with 1E8 Fab decreased plasminogen binding to BT20 and MDA-MB-157 cells, although to a lesser extent than with MCF-7 cells. Plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator was greatly accelerated, due to a large decrease in Km, when the plasminogen was bound to MCF-7 cells. Pretreatment with 1E8 Fab decreased the rate of plasminogen activation by up to 83%, implicating CK 8 in the MCF-7 cell-accelerated reaction. These studies identify cell-surface CK 8 as a major plasminogen receptor in breast cancer cells and as a required component for the rapid activation of cell-associated plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Effects of chlorpromazine and its dihydroxy metabolite on calcium movement and electrical activity in superior cervical ganglia.

Chlorpromazine (CPZ) binding and the binding to isolated guinea pig superior cervical of a toxic metabolite 7,8-dihydroxychlorpromazine (7,8-diOH-CPZ) were studied under resting and potassium-stimulated conditions. Maximal binding occurred more rapidly in high potassium, with binding of CPZ 10 fold higher than that of 7,8-diOH-CPZ. However, in low potassium media 50% of bound CPZ and 60% of 7,8-diOH-CPZ was retained following a 240-min washout procedure. When the washout of the drugs from the tissue was studied, release was found to be more extensive in high potassium washout media. Under resting conditions, at 10 μM CPZ or 7,8-diOH-CPZ, calcium accumulation by ganglia decreased but increased at higher drug concentrations. Calcium (Ca) uptake increased with both drugs in high potassium medium. Ca efflux from the tissue was accelerated by both phenothiazines in a dose-dependent fashion. CPZ blocked ganglionic transmission at 20 μM while 7,8-diOH-CPZ (up to 100 μM) increased ganglionic potential amplitude. Thus CPZ and 7,8-diOH-CPZ differ in binding to ganglia and in effects on ganglionic transmission.
Recursive error correction for general Reed-Muller codes

Reed-Muller (RM) codes of growing length n and distance d are considered over a binary symmetric channel. A recursive decoding algorithm is designed that has complexity of order n log n and corrects most error patterns of weight (d In d)/2. The presented algorithm outperforms other algorithms with nonexponential decoding complexity, which are known for RM codes. We evaluate code performance using a new probabilistic technique that disintegrates decoding into a sequence of recursive steps. This allows us to define the most error-prone information symbols and find the highest transition error probability p, which yields a vanishing output error probability on long codes.
The culture of democracy and Bolivia's indigenous movements

This article describes the participation of Bolivia’s indigenous movements in encompassing popular protest coalitions of the last five years. Pointing to the importance of cultural heritage in current social movement efforts to revitalize Bolivian democracy, this argument examines the importance of the ‘terms of recognition’ in the negotiation of the very meaning of democratic participation, between the traditional political class and popular protesters, but also within protesting coalitions. As both indigenous and popular traditions of struggle increasingly make common cause, Bolivia’s indigenous movements are providing the cultural resources that frame the terms of popular protest. At the same time, the terms of indigenous identity are also changing form, becoming more available to growing urban-indigenous and non-indigenous popular social sectors now willing to claim or reclaim an indigenous heritage. This article also explores key transnational and national networks now involved in this transformation...
Soluble Problem in the Theory of Coulomb Excitation

The quantum treatment of Coulomb excitation in the limiting case of no energy loss involves radial Coulomb integrals that can be expressed in simple terms. The excitation function, $G$, and particle parameter for the directional correlation, ${a}_{2}$, are evaluated for this case and compared to the classical limit. The deviation from the classical limit is found to be negligible for the excitation function in the region of experimental interest, but for the particle parameter ${a}_{2}$ the deviation is sizeable.
The role of grain size and shape in strengthening of dispersion hardened nickel alloys

Thermomechanical processing was used to develop various microstructures in Ni, Ni-2ThO2, Ni-20Cr, Ni-20Cr-2ThO2, Ni-20Cr-10W and Ni-20Cr-10W-2ThO2, and the influence of microstructure on room temperature and elevated temperature strength was investigated. The yield strength at 25 C increased with substructure refinement according to the Hall-Petch relation. It was found that substructure refinement was a much more potent means of strengthening at room temperature than was dispersion hardening. At elevated temperature (1093 C), the most important microstructural feature affecting strength of dispersion hardened nickel alloys was the grain aspect ratio, i.e. grain length, L, divided by grain width,l. The yield strength and creep strength increased linearly with increasing L/l.
Free amino acid, protein, and fat contents of breast milk from Guatemalan mothers consuming a corn-based diet

Diet compositions and breast milk levels of free amino acids, protein, and lipid were compared in lactating American and Guatemalan women. The protein in the American diet derived principally from animal sources, whereas that in the Guatemalan diet was based most exclusively on cereal grains and legumes. Corn, in the form of cornmeal, was the predominant food. Because of these dietary differences, the Guatemalan women consumed significantly smaller amounts of protein than the American women. The concentrations of most of the free amino acids in aliquots of breast milk from the Guatemalan women were lower than those in samples from the American women. In particular, tryptophan and lysine levels were 23% and 29%, respectively, of the levels in the American breast milk samples. The Guatemalan samples contained less protein, and, when values from Guatemalan women who had nursed only for 6 mth or less were considered, the fat content was also less than in the American samples. The lipid content of the milk, however, did not differ between the two groups when the length of the lactation period was not controlled. The substantial cultural differences between the two groups in the frequency and duration of nursing probably prevented the identification of a clear dietary influence on milk lipid content. The correlations found between diet composition and either the amount of protein or the levels of free amino acids in breast milk suggest that, if a mother's diet is deficient in high-quality protein, the deficiency may be reflected in the composition of her milk, perhaps to the detriment of the nursing infant.
Supporting human interaction with robust robot swarms

In this paper we propose a bio-inspired model for a decentralized swarm of robots, similar to the model proposed by Couzin [5], that allows for dynamic task assignment and is robust to limited communication from a human. We provide evidence that the model has two fundamental attractors: a torus attractor and a flock attractor. Through simulation and mathematical analysis we investigate the stability of these attractors and show that a control input can be used to force the system to change from one attractor to the other. Finally, we generalize another of Couzin's ideas [4] and present the idea of a stakeholder agent. We show how a human operator can use stakeholders to responsively influence group behavior while maintaining group structure.
An approach to post-radical trachelectomy vaginal-isthmus cytology.

Radical trachelectomy (RT) is the surgical amputation of the uterine cervix with paracervical lymphadenectomy, performed in reproductive age women to treat invasive squamous-cell carcinoma or endocervical adenocarcinoma while preserving the uterine corpus for potential child bearing. Post-RT patient monitoring includes isthmic-vaginal cytology. This study reviews our experience with liquid based preparation of post-RT cytology samples. Fifty-four post-RT vaginal-isthmic cytology specimens were reviewed from nine patients, seven with adenocarcinoma, and two with squamous-cell carcinoma. Five patients had normal (NILM) or normal with reactive changes on all cytology samples. Two patients had isolated squamous abnormalities (atypical squamous-cells of uncertain significance (ASC-US) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)); both follow-up biopsies were negative. Two patients had repeatedly abnormal specimens interpreted as atypical glandular cells (AGC), one of whom also had a concurrent ASC-US. Only one sample was tested for high risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV), with negative results. All patients with abnormal cytology went on to have biopsies which were interpreted as benign. The cytology specimens most often interpreted as AGC contained many groups of hyperchromatic crowded glandular cells and/or stromal cells derived from direct sampling of the lower uterine segment. The crowding often limits visualization of all the cells in a group, plus sampled endometrium may harbor mitoses, adding to the atypical appearance. Cytologists should become familiar with the spectrum of changes in the post-RT cytology. Testing for hrHPV should be considered for use in the management of abnormal cytology results. Post RT cytology should be compared with presurgical cytology since one would anticipate similarities in post-RT true positive cases. In particular, a primary diagnosis of adenocarcinoma makes differentiating benign reactive glandular cells from recurrence a critical issue. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A search engine in a few lines.: yes, we can!

Many research implementations of search engines are written in C, C++, or Java. They are difficult to understand and modify because they are at least a few thousand lines of code and contain many low-level details. In this paper, we show how to achieve a much shorter and higher level implementation: one in about a few hundred lines. We accomplish this result through the use of a high-level functional programming language, F#, and some of its features such as sequences, pipes and structured input and output. By using a search engine implementation as a case study, we argue that functional programming fits the domain of Information Retrieval problems much better than imperative/OO languages like C++ and Java. Functional programming languages are ideal for rapid algorithm prototyping and data exploration in the field of Information Retrieval (IR). Additionally, our implementation can be used as case study in an IR course since it is a very high level, but nevertheless executable specification of a search engine.
SMART: Scientific database management and engineering analysis routines and tools

Abstract Development of user-friendly and flexible scientific programs is a key to their widespread usage, extension and maintenance. The paper describes capabilities of a library called SMART that can be used in the development of such programs. The library contains many interactive programming aids and screen management utilities that can help in development of the user interfaces. A very flexible full screen data editor is available. Many other subroutines are available, such as vector and matrix operations, in-core data management, out-of-core numerical and relational database management, and graphics. The library is not advocated to be comprehensive. It is meant to show the kind of capabilities that are needed in development and maintenance of scientific programs. Such libraries can be of particular use in research on computational methods for scientific applications.
Characterization of Multiblock Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) as Proton Exchange Membranes

A new series of hydrophobic-hydrophilic multiblock sulfonated poly (arylene ether ketone)-b-poly (arylene ether ketone) copolymers were successfully synthesized and evaluated for use as proton exchange membranes (PEMs). The membrane properties of block copolymers including ion exchange capacities (IECs), water uptake and proton conductivities were characterized for the multiblock copolymers and compared with random sulfonated poly (arylene ether) s and other multiblock copolymer membranes at similar ion exchange capacity value. This series of multiblock copolymers showed moderate conductivities up to 0.063 S/cm at 80 °C with very low water uptake of 19%. Therefore, they are considered to be promising PEM materials for fuel cells.
Systemic cannabinoids produce CB1-mediated antinociception by activation of descending serotonergic pathways that act upon spinal 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A receptors

Serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in the descending control of pain. We evaluated the role of descending serotonergic pathways and spinal 5-HT₇ and 5-HT(2A) receptors in comparison to that of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT₃ receptors in the antinociceptive effects of systemically administered cannabinoids. Antinociceptive effects were evaluated by radiant heat tail-flick and hot plate tests in Balb-C mice. The selective CB₁ receptor agonist, ACEA; a mixed CB₁ and CB₂ receptor agonist, WIN 55,212-2; and a selective CB₂ receptor agonist, GW405833, were given systemically to induce antinociception. Spinal 5-HT was depleted with intrathecal (i.th.) injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Bilateral surgical lesions of the dorsolateral funiculus were performed. Selective 5-HT₇, 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT₃ antagonists-SB-269970, ketanserin, WAY 100635 and ondansetron, respectively-were administered i.th. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic displaying 5-HT(2A) antagonism, also irreversibly binds to and inactivates the 5-HT₇ receptors. Thus, we also injected risperidone i.th. to elucidate the role of spinal 5-HT₇ and 5-HT(2A) receptors in cannabinoid-mediated antinociception. WIN 55,212-2 and ACEA produced dose-dependent antinociception, which were reversed by selective CB₁ receptor antagonist rimonabant. GW405833 did not produce any antinociception. The antinociceptive effects of WIN 55,212-2 and ACEA were totally absent in spinal 5-HT depleted and dorsolateral funiculus lesioned mice. I.th. administration of SB-269970, ketanserin, and risperidone, but not WAY 100635 or ondansetron, blocked both WIN 55,212-2- and ACEA-induced antinociception. These findings suggest that systemically administered cannabinoids interact with descending serotonergic pathways via CB₁-mediated mechanisms and exert a central antinociceptive effect involving spinal 5-HT₇ and 5-HT(2A) receptors.
4. Developmental Dyslexia— Prevailing Diagnostic Concepts and a New Diagnostic Approach

There is growing interest in differentiating developmental dyslexia,1 as a specific psychoneurological learning disorder, from nonspecific reading retardation. Such differentiation has immediate practical bearing since spe cific dyslexia calls for remedial reading techniques that are not required in the management of nonspecific reading disorders. Moreover, early diag nosis of developmental dyslexia is essential for successful remediation and to prevent school failure with concomitant loss of self-esteem. The need for practical direct diagnostic criteria that would facilitate the early identification of developmental dyslexia has come into the fore front. This need is felt especially by physicians and psychologists, who are often the first to be consulted about the child's inability to read. It is also recognized that the diagnosis cannot be relevant to the educator unless it has immediate implications for remediation. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to present a critical review of pre vailing diagnostic concepts of developmental dyslexia and (2) to briefly describe three atypical patterns of reading and spelling, revealed through
Short communication: Effects of level of rumen-degradable protein and corn distillers grains in corn silage-based diets on milk production and ruminal fermentation in lactating dairy cows1

Two of the potential obstacles precluding inclusion of higher levels of dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in corn-based dairy cow diets are the low levels of rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and the fatty acid content and composition of DDGS. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the production and rumen responses to dietary alterations in the level of RDP and DDGS for dairy cows fed a high corn silage diet. The experimental design was a replicated 4×4 Latin square with 21-d periods: 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling; 16 uncannulated cows and 4 ruminally cannulated cows were blocked and assigned randomly to treatment sequences. Rations were provided as total mixed rations and were formulated to be high or low in RDP, with or without DDGS replacing soybean-based concentrates: high RDP, no DDGS (HRDP0); low RDP, no DDGS (LRDP0); low RDP, 10% DDGS; and low RDP, 20% DDGS. Body weight (696kg) and dry matter intake (26.6 kg/d) were not affected by treatment. Rumen ammonia concentration was greater for HRDP0 than LRDP0, but was unaffected by level of DDGS inclusion. The mean and minimum rumen pH and time pH was <5.5 were not different between diets. Milk production tended to be lower for cows fed HRDP0 than LRDP0 and tended to be linearly reduced as DDGS inclusion increased. Milk protein yield tended to be greater for cows fed LRDP0 than HRDP0, but was unaffected by DDGS level. Milk fat production, concentration, and fat-corrected milk were linearly reduced by increasing levels of DDGS. Based on these results, feeding DDGS at 20% of diet dry matter is not recommended for diets based on high corn silage.
Time‐temperature superpositioning of viscosity‐time profiles of three high temperature epoxy resins

The chemo-rheological behavior has been elucidated for three high temperature epoxy resins. Constant temperature and shear stress measurements were made on a modified Weissenberg Rheogoniometer. Curing behavior of various temperatures is unified by a time-temperature superposition method. The curing rate of one resin, Ferro E-293, is limited by the chemical reaction. The other resins, 3M PR-286 and PR-288, each have consecutively occurring reactions, both of which are diffusion limited. The chemo-rheological information obtained for these materials is used to model viscosity for compression molding of hand-laidup composites.
An estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific

Abstract Two estimates of new production in the equatorial Pacific are presented and the similarity between the physically based estimate and an estimate based on measurements of primary productivity is emphasized. The new production calculated by both methods is on the order of 1 gigaton C y−1 (1 × 1015 g C y−1), an order of magnitude greater than previous estimates for this region. The new estimates suggest that equatorial Pacific circulation supports a significant proportion (18–56%) of the global new production calculated by Eppley and Peterson (1979, Nature, 282, 677–680).
Judgments of learning: evidence for a two-stage process.

Three experiments tested the hypothesis that people make judgments of learning (JOLs) by attempting to retrieve the target first. If this were the whole story, then the reaction time (RT) functions for making JOLs with no special instructions would parallel those found when people are told to first attempt retrieval and then make a JOL. In the present data, monotonic functions, showing an increase in RT with decreasing JOL, were found when people were instructed to retrieve covertly or overtly and then make a JOL, as would be expected if retrieval fluency entirely determined JOLs. However, the functions for making uninstructed JOLs were different: Low JOLs were made quickly, not slowly, and the curves were inverted U shapes, rather than linear. Furthermore, people’s memory performance was somewhat better, especially on low-JOL items, when they were instructed to first retrieve as opposed to when they were told only to make JOLs. To account for these data, we propose a two-stage model of JOLs, with the first stage occurring prior to attempted retrieval.
Analysis of Dispersion of Multinomial Responses

Abstract In analogy to analysis of variance for linear models, analyses of dispersion for loglinear models for multinomial responses are constructed. The analyses, which are based on the entropy and concentration measures, are used to construct tests of independence and measures of association.
Prostate cancer immunotherapy yields superior long-term survival in TRAMP mice when administered at an early stage of carcinogenesis prior to the establishment of tumor-associated immunosuppression at later stages.

Prostate cancer immunotherapy clinical trials have been performed, but often in immunocompromised patients with limited clinical success. The study aim was to determine whether the stage of prostate cancer development at which immunization occurs affects vaccine efficacy, and if so which tumor-associated immunosuppressive mechanisms may be involved at later stages. Therapeutic vaccination of TRAMP mice with only precancerous PIN lesions confered superior protection than immunization after development of invasive carcinoma. The presence of Treg, upregulation of tumor indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and TGFβ and an immunosuppressive intratumoral cytokine milieu were identified in more advanced prostate cancer. These results indicate that prostate cancer immunotherapy trials will be more successful if conducted in patients with less advanced disease.
Outcomes of recognizing depressed Chinese American patients in primary care.

Purpose:This study aims to examine the effect of identifying Chinese American patients as having major depressive disorder (MDD) to their primary care physicians (PCPs) on the latter's attention given to the treatment of depression.Methodology:Forty Chinese American patients from a primary care clinic were identified as having major depressive disorder (MDD), and their primary care physicians (PCPs) were notified of the diagnosis by letter. Three months later, medical records of subjects in the study were reviewed to see if their PCPs had intervened through referral and/or initiated treatment of depression.Results:PCPs documented intervention in 19 patients (47%) regarding their depression. Two of these patients (11%) were started on an antidepressant. Four (21%) accepted and 13 (68%) declined referral to mental health services. No intervention was recorded for 21 (53%) patients.Conclusion:We conclude that recognition alone of MDD among Chinese Americans in the community primary care setting does not lead...
Velocity inversion and high-frequency asymptotics

Differential semblance measures are unique amongst velocity inversion objectives in having well-defined and smooth high frequency asymptotics. A version appropriate for analysis of CMP gathers and layered models is particularly easy to analyze and economical for numerical experimentation. For model-consistent data, the DS objective measures the discrepancy in takeoff slowness of rays, weighted by the energy in the data -- without of course requiring that events be identified or rays traced. Numerical experiments with synthetic data illustrate the theoretical properties.
Effects of steroids on the olfactory function of the dog.

Abstract Twenty-four (24) mature, mixed breed, healthy dogs weighing from 14.6 kg to 27.6 kg were used to study the effects of various steroids on the olfactory function of the dog using olfactory detection threshold as an index. Two odorants were used, viz; benzaldehyde and eugenol. Of the various steroids used, only dexamethasone produced classical signs of Cushing's syndrome in the dogs. However, all dogs that received either dexamethasone alone or hydrocortisone plus DOCA exhibited a significant elevation in the olfactory detection threshold for both odorants without any observable structural alteration of the olfactory tissue using light microscopy. On the other hand, neither DOCA, hydrocortisone alone, nor any of the vehicles used in the study significantly altered the olfactory function of the dogs. The results show that Cushing's syndrome can be experimentally produced in dogs using exgenous steroids and that this condition diminishes the olfactory capability of the dog without producing classical signs of the disease.
Efficient Blind Signatures for Accountability

The problem of building privacy-preserving accountability systems is long-standing and has been extensively studied by the network research community. We observe that blind signatures have potential to form critical building blocks of network security protocols, where an authority needs to vouch for the legitimacy of a message but there is also a need to keep the ownership of the message secret from the authority. Different forms of blind signature constructions exist in the literature and have found valuable use in areas such E-Cash technology and E-voting schemes. However, conventional blind signatures are quite heavyweight and thus, a direct application of these traditional signatures face scalability and performance challenges. In this paper, we present a novel third-order linear feedback shift register (LFSR) sequence-based, 2-party signature scheme, EGCLFSR, following a well-known variant of the generalized ElGamal signature scheme. Using EGCLFSR, and following fundamentals of a well known blind signature, originally used for E-Cash systems, we present an efficient blind signature BCLFSR (also the first blind signature based on LFSR sequences), which can serve as a protocol building block for privacy-preserving accountability systems. We perform a theoretical analysis including correctness and security of BCLFSR and also present a performance (computation and communication costs, storage overhead) comparison of the proposed scheme with well-known traditional constructions.
Implementation of an m-ary three-stage quantum cryptography protocol

This paper introduces an m-ary version of the Three-stage Quantum Cryptography protocol. The three-stage protocol was first proposed in 2006 and implemented in 2012. The m-ary version of the three-stage protocol proposed in this paper results in enhanced data transfer between a sender Alice and a receiver Bob since each pulse carries more than one bit of information. An experimental realization of the m-ary three-stage protocol is also reported in this paper. The implementation has used free-space optics as the transmission medium and passive optical components controlled through LabView. Furthermore, analytical results that address the impact of the noise factor and its trade-off with data rate are presented. This analysis includes a study of the probability of errors and channel capacity variations in terms of the noise variance factor for the m-ary three-stage protocol using two, four and eight levels. Limits within which the m-ary three-stage protocol can be used with higher performance efficiency compared to its original version counterpart are set.
Elasticity of Demand and Social Welfare

Scope of the paper, 217.— I. Elasticities of demand usually obtained by methods which are open to two objections: the time element, 218; data are for markets, 218.— A possible way out, 219.— Data available and method to be used, 220.— II. Coefficients for various commodities, 221.— Substitution, 221.— Relation to income, 224.— III. Spread of consumption around the averages, 225.— IV. Inferences concerning the desirability of price reductions, 229.
Cohesive, electronic, and structural properties of Al3Li: An important metastable phase

The cohesive and electronic properties and the structural stability of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{3}$Li in its fcc-based L${1}_{2}$ and bcc-based D${0}_{3}$ structures are investigated with use of the first-principles all-electron full-potential linear augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method. Particular care was taken to ensure convergence of the total energy as a function of the inherent numerical parameters in order to obtain high precision. To further understand the calculated stability, the electronic structure of some superstructures (notably ${\mathrm{Al}}_{7}$Li and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{5}$${\mathrm{Li}}_{3}$) was also determined. The equilibrium properties of the metastable L${1}_{2}$ structure are in good agreement with experiment. A simple picture emerged which emphasizes the importance of the anisotropic bonding between the Al atoms with the Li basically donating its valence electron to strengthen the Al bonds. The bulk moduli were found to decrease with increasing Li content; by contrast, the calculated Young's modulus of the L${1}_{2}$ phase is high (1.20 Mbar) compared to the bulk modulus (0.72 Mbar). Both results are in keeping with the picture of anisotropic Al-Al bonding.
Management of squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of mouth

Between 1964 and 1987, 194 patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of mouth were managed at the University of Florida. A retrospective analysis was undertaken in order to evaluate the treatment results and associated complication rates. Surgery or irradiation alone was found to result in similar local control rates for stage I and II lesions, whereas more advanced tumors had better local control rates with a combination of surgery and irradiation. Radiotherapy had a higher incidence of minor and moderate complications, whereas a greater number of severe complications occurred after surgery. We recommend surgery for early lesions due to the lower overall incidence of associated complications. Despite a higher risk of severe complications, combination therapy is recommended for more advanced lesions due to improved local control as compared to single modality therapy.
Honor Thy Newton

How far has Newtonian scholarship progressed in the course of two decades? Until the 1990s, those students of the "other" Sir Isaac New ton-the theologian and the alchemist wrote as if an apology might be in order, or at least a self-justification. Today, the opposite appears to be the case. Theology is at the "front and center" of the Newtonian industry, Margaret Jacob informs us in her introduction to Newton and Newtonianism, "followed by the alchemical-chemical, and the ever persistent questions about Newton's legacy" (p. ix). This radical shift of scholarly interests away from the mathematical and physical sciences, viewed approvingly by Jacob, coincides with the passing of "the greats" of the older generation-albeit Jacob is a bit premature in pronounc ing Tom Whiteside's demise. It also dovetails with the position held by Betty Jo Dobbs that there existed a "unified Newton, held together by the fabric of his deep religiosity" (p. xi). While such a position is open to debate, Jacob's comment that Dobbs' own "religious core" situated her "closer to her subject than more secularist scholars might hope to be" (p. xi) is cause for some concern. The implication that secular
The effect of birth month on the risk of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in the first year of life in the United States.

Background:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of severe respiratory illness in infants. To help direct targeted interventions and future RSV vaccine programs, we examined risk of RSV-related hospitalization by infant age and birth month.Methods:We conducted Poisson regression
Hydrogen migrations in a constrained cyclohexylidene. Hax/Heq shift ratios in thermal and photic Bamford-Stevens reactions.

Abstract Homobrexan-2-one was synthesized labeled in the α-position with 13C and also with an axial or equatorial D. Their p-tosylhydrazone Li salts were thermolyzed and photolyzed (Bamford-Stevens reaction) to generate putative singlet carbenes, which undergo competitive 1,3-insertion to a @Tetracycle and 1,2-H (or D) shift to an alkene. After correction for isotope effects, the Hax/Heq shift ratios were ca. 1.7 and ca. 1.2 for the thermal and photic processes, respectively. These ratios are free of chair-boat and epimerization ambiguities.
Growth Management and Resident Satisfaction with Local Public Services

The lack of timely survey data on resident satisfaction with local public services makes it difficult to verify the legitimacy of resident concerns with the effects of rapid population growth. This study attempts to verify the legitimacy of such concerns by analyzing survey data on resident service satisfaction in a rapidly growing county in Northern Virginia. Using an empirical model that simultaneously incorporates individual- and community-level predictors of resident service satisfaction seems to support resident's concerns; resident service satisfaction is significantly lower in the area of the county (the eastern part) where most new development has occurred. This finding suggests that residents living in comparatively low density communities in the fastest-growing area of the county are not very satisfied with services. One explanation is that these services are not yet in place so they compare unfavorably with the services residents experienced in the communities from which they came.
Target preparation for the fission TPC

A project is underway to build and use a fission time projection chamber (TPC) to make high precision/accuracy measurements of neutron-induced fission cross sections to address issues in fast reactor design. A critical aspect of this program is to have thin TPC targets on thin backings with uniform deposits of the actinides. We have prepared, using vacuum deposition, 100–200 μg/cm2 deposits of 232Th, 235U and 238U on 30–100 μg/cm2 C backings with a measured thickness variation of <1.5%. To facilitate measurement of cross section ratios, we are preparing targets with an n-leaf clover design where each petal is a different nuclide.
Arterial hypertension in infancy and childhood. Etiologic factors and management.

Abstract In this survey of arterial hypertension as it occurs in infants and children four points should be emphasized: 1. 1. The determination of blood pressure in infants and children is an important, though sometimes neglected, part of the physical examination. 2. 2. An elevated arterial pressure should be considered an indication for a thorough etiologic investigation. 3. 3. While in most patients a primary renal basis will be found, there are important nonrenal causes of hypertension, the successful management of which depends upon their early recognition and treatment. 4. 4. In general, a specific etiologic basis for childhood hypertension can be found.
Anisotropic Partial Volume CSF Modeling for EEG Source Localization

Abstract Electromagnetic source localization (ESL) provides non-invasive evaluation of brain electrical activity for neurology research and clinical evaluation of neurological disorders such as epilepsy. Accurate ESL results are dependent upon the use of patient specific models of bioelectric conductivity. While the effects of anisotropic conductivities in the skull and white matter have been previously studied, little attention has been paid to the accurate modeling of the highly conductive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) region. This study examines the effect that partial volume errors in CSF segmentations have upon the ESL bioelectric model. These errors arise when segmenting sulcal channels whose widths are similar to the resolution of the magnetic resonance (MR) images used for segmentation, as some voxels containing both CSF and gray matter cannot be definitively assigned a single label. These problems, particularly prevalent in pediatric populations, make voxelwise segmentation of CSF compartments a difficult problem. Given the high conductivity of CSF, errors in modeling this region may result in large errors in the bioelectric model. We introduce here a new approach for using estimates of partial volume fractions in the construction of patient specific bioelectric models. In regions where partial volume errors are expected, we use a layered gray matter-CSF model to construct equivalent anisotropic conductivity tensors. This allows us to account for the inhomogeneity of the tissue within each voxel. Using this approach, we are able to reduce the error in the resulting bioelectric models, as evaluated against a known high resolution model. Additionally, this model permits us to evaluate the effects of sulci modeling errors and quantify the mean error as a function of the change in sulci width. Our results suggest that both under and over-estimation of the CSF region leads to significant errors in the bioelectric model. While a model with fixed partial volume fraction is able to reduce this error, we see the largest improvement when using voxel specific partial volume estimates. Our cross-model analyses suggest that an approximately linear relationship exists between sulci error and the error in the resulting bioelectric model. Given the difficulty of accurately segmenting narrow sulcal channels, this suggests that our approach may be capable of improving the accuracy of patient specific bioelectric models by several percent, while introducing only minimal additional computational requirements.
Efficient Prolog: a practical tutorial

This tutorial presents twelve guidelines for making Prolog programs efficient. Topics covered include procedural versus declarative programming, internal representation of data, first-argument indexing, cuts, and ways to avoid consing.
Evaluation of Individual and Group Grief and Trauma Interventions for Children Post Disaster

This study evaluated a community-based grief and trauma intervention for children conducted postdisaster. Fifty six children (7 to 12 years old) who reported moderate to severe levels of symptoms of posttraumatic stress were randomly assigned to group or individual treatment. Treatment consisted of a manualized 10-session grief- and trauma-focused intervention and a parent meeting. Measures of disaster-related exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, traumatic grief, and distress were administered at preintervention, postintervention, and 3 weeks postintervention. There was a significant decrease in all outcome measures over time, and there were no differences in outcomes between children who participated in group intervention and those who participated in individual intervention. Results suggest that this intervention using either treatment modality may be effective for addressing childhood grief and trauma postdisaster.
Two-step debinding and co-extrusion of ceramic-filled PEBA and EVA blends

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the choice of thermoplastic binders in a two-step debinding process involving solvent extraction (SE) and thermal debinding (TD) of samples produced using polymer (co-)extrusion. Two-step debinding uses a binder system combining soluble binders and thermoplastic binders, which are removed by SE and TD, respectively. In prior work, it was demonstrated that the two-step protocol eliminates debinding defects that are commonly observed in TD (Sharmin and Schoegl, 2014 [1] ). The primary goal of this follow-up study is to establish that two-step debinding eliminates debinding defects irrespective of the choice of thermoplastic binders; a secondary goal is to investigate how the binder choice affects the co-extrusion process. In total, five batches using alumina powder and a binder system with a 1:1 ratio of thermoplastic binder and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as water soluble binder were tested. Three grades of polyethylene butyl acrylate (PEBA) and two grades of polyethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) with different melt flow indices were investigated. In all cases, extraction tests resulted in 80 wt% removal of the original PEG content. However, PEBA samples showed a significantly faster PEG removal compared to EVA samples, which is attributed to a better dispersion of PEG within EVA. Tests with 4h extracted PEBA and 6h extracted EVA samples resulted in 60 wt% removal of PEG and a defect-free specimen after TD and sintering. Also, microstructures of sintered PEBA and EVA samples are comparable, which confirms that the choice of thermoplastic binders has no effect on the two-step debinding process. Co-extrusion tests were performed for selected EVA and PEBA blends, where results showed better performance for co-extrusion of EVA blends.
Expression patterns of a circadian clock gene are associated with age-related polyethism in harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis.

Background Recent advances in sociogenomics allow for comparative analyses of molecular mechanisms regulating the development of social behavior. In eusocial insects, one key aspect of their sociality, the division of labor, has received the most attention. Age-related polyethism, a derived form of division of labor in ants and bees where colony tasks are allocated among distinct behavioral phenotypes, has traditionally been assumed to be a product of convergent evolution. Previous work has shown that the circadian clock is associated with the development of behavior and division of labor in honeybee societies. We cloned the ortholog of the clock gene, period, from a harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) and examined circadian rhythms and daily activity patterns in a species that represents an evolutionary origin of eusociality independent of the honeybee.
DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL-LEVEL LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY

DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL-LEVEL LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY. Betty Lou Leaver and Boris Shekhtman (Eds.) . New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xiv + 308. $65.00 cloth, $24.00 paper. In the face of a vast array of non-English culture and language media, increases in diaspora populations in the United States and elsewhere, the importance of global circuits of capital (and hence global communicative practices), and the increasing penetration of world events into the lives of Americans (with its implications for national security), one would surmise that developing professional-level additional language expertise would not be the exception that it is in the United States. Lambert ( 2001 ) described the low percentage of American students who study a foreign language at the advanced level and estimated that only 3% of those studying commonly taught languages such as Spanish or French enroll in advanced-level courses. Although support for less commonly taught languages (LCTL) such as Arabic have recently increased, students enrolled in LCTL programs are presumably even fewer in number. It is also clear that advanced-level coursework occupies only a fraction of most language programs' overall investment of resources. In a fiscal climate that makes the academy increasingly accountable to private sector logic, few interested students make developing advanced language programs a nonutilitarian choice.
Extraordinary Heat Resistance of Talaromyces flavus and Neosartorya fischeri Ascospores in Fruit Products

Ascospores of three strains each of Talaromyces flavus, Neosartorya fischeri and Byssochlamys fulva/nivea were analyzed for resistance to thermal inactivation in five fruit-based (blueberry, cherry, peach, raspberry and strawberry) products. D91°C values for two strains of T. flavus ranged from 2.9–5.4 min; D88°C values ranged from 7.1–22.3 min. Ascospores of N. fischeri were somewhat less heat resistant; D91°C values were < 2.0 min and D88°C were 4.2–16.2 min. Ascospores of Byssochlamys spp. were considerably less heat resistant. The type of fruit product did not appear to substantially influence rates of thermal inactivation. No heat-resistant ascospores of T. flavus or N. fischeri, i.e., ascospores capable of surviving 15 min at 75°C, were formed on fruit products stored at 10°C for 137 days. However, T. flavus and N. fischeri formed ascospores on cherry substrate stored at 25°C within 65 and 137 days, respectively, that survived 15 min at 88°C.
AKAP79-mediated Targeting of the Cyclic AMP-dependent Protein Kinase to the β1-Adrenergic Receptor Promotes Recycling and Functional Resensitization of the Receptor *

Resensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) following prolonged agonist exposure is critical for restoring the responsiveness of the receptor to subsequent challenges by agonist. The 3′-5′ cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and serine 312 in the third intracellular loop of the human β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) were both necessary for efficient recycling and resensitization of the agonist-internalized β1-AR (Gardner, L. A., Delos Santos, N. M., Matta, S. G., Whitt, M. A., and Bahouth, S. W. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 21135-21143). Because PKA is compartmentalized near target substrates by interacting with protein kinase A anchoring proteins (AKAPs), the present study was undertaken to identify the AKAP involved in PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the β1-AR and in its recycling and resensitization. Here, we report that Ht-31 peptide-mediated disruption of PKA/AKAP interactions prevented the recycling and functional resensitization of heterologously expressed β1-AR in HEK-293 cells and endogenously expressed β1-AR in SK-N-MC cells and neonatal rat cortical neurons. Whereas several endogenous AKAPs were identified in HEK-293 cells, small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of AKAP79 prevented the recycling of the β1-AR in this cell line. Co-immunoprecipitations and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy experiments in HEK-293 cells revealed that the β1-AR, AKAP79, and PKA form a ternary complex at the carboxyl terminus of the β1-AR. This complex was involved in PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the third intracellular loop of the β1-AR because disruption of PKA/AKAP interactions or small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of AKAP79 both inhibited this response. Thus, AKAP79 provides PKA to phosphorylate the β1-AR and thereby dictate the recycling and resensitization itineraries of the β1-AR.