cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GPS Signal Scattering from Sea Surface: Wind Speed Retrieval Using Experimental Data and Theoretical Model

Global Positioning System (GPS) signals reflected from the ocean surface have potential use for various remote sensing purposes. Some possibilities arc measurements of surface roughness characteristics from which ware height, wind speed, and direction could be determined. For this paper, GPS-reflected signal measurements collected at aircraft altitudes of 2 km to 5 km with a delay-Doppler mapping GPS receiver arc used to explore the possibility of determining wind speed. To interpret the GPS data, a theoretical model has been developed that describes the power of the reflected GPS signals for different time delays and Doppler frequencies as a function of geometrical and environmental parameters. The results indicate a good agreement between the measured and the modeled normalized signal power waveforms during changing surface wind conditions. The estimated wind speed using surface- reflected GPS data, obtained by comparing actual and modeled waveforms, shows good agreement (within 2 m/s) with data obtained from a nearby buoy and independent wind speed measurements derived from the TOPEX/Poseidon altimetric satellite.
A Geometric Control Strategy for Real-time Coordination of Multiple Unmanned Aircraft Systems

In recent years, the application of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has incremented due to their cost-effectiveness ratio, portability and reduced size. This allows their utilization in multiple operations in complex military and civilian applications. UAS operations sometimes require the usage of human pilots to manage the different situations that can be present at any moment of a mission, and to decide the better option for every UAS involved. The simplest way to realize these tasks is to gather multiple pilots, one for each UAS. However, this option carries the complexity of coordinating the actions of every pilot involved in the mission. This might require several hours of specialized training, delays, and higher costs. To mitigate these nuances, this paper proposes a geometric control method to stabilize multiple UAS in formation. Our method allows a group of UAS to accomplish tasks using a determined formation. Two experiments are presented that demonstrates the performance of the technique. In the first experiment, one UAS is configured as a leader, while a second UAS is configured as a follower. The second experiment considers a scenario where the leader UAS is replaced by a physical device that can be used by a non-trained human pilot to directly affect the behavior of the follower UAS.
Drug Information Services and Sources of Information

Abstract All pharmacists are expected to provide some level of drug information service. Some even work exclusively as drug information pharmacists in centers for drug information. Most drug information centers (DICs) associated with colleges or institutions provide the typical service of responding to drug information questions. There can be several other services provided; these include precepting/teaching pharmacy students and residents on rotation, formulary management responsibilities, medication use evaluations, adverse drug reaction surveillance, and general education of staff through newsletters or other communications. Other DICs found in industry or poison centers often respond to drug information questions, but may not provide all of the previous services mentioned. Tertiary, secondary, and primary references must be utilized appropriately when researching questions, and one needs to be able to select the most appropriate resource from various examples of books, databases, and Internet websites when responding to a drug information question.
High modulus concrete: Effects of low carbon nanotube and nanofiber additions

Abstract New tall building designs require higher modulus of concrete that allows to limit lateral deformations and decrease the size of structural elements. The modulus of conventional and high-strength concrete can dramatically improve with the addition of very low amounts of effectively dispersed CNTs and CNFs and without the need of optimizing the mixture proportions with the use of supplementary cementitious materials and/or stiffer aggregates. It is shown that while the American and European empirical relationships suggest the modulus as a function of the square or cube root of compressive strength, compared with concretes of similar modulus values, the addition of 0.1 wt% of CNTs and CNFs resulted in concretes exhibiting approximately 1.6 times higher modulus values at almost half the compressive strength. The proportionality of the compressive stress to strain curves of nanomodified conventional and high-strength concrete indicates that a higher load-carrying capacity in the elastic area can be achieved for loadings up to the percolation threshold. An increase in the count of individual carbon nanotubes and nanofibers above the threshold limit adversely affects the materials’ compliance and the resulting modulus of elasticity.
Evolving Methods in Defining the Role of RNA in RNP Assembly

The causative connection between aberrant liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules and neurodegeneration is well known. LLPS driven by intrinsically disordered proteins has been intensely investigated. However, the role of RNA and RNA–protein interaction in RNP granule assembly, properties, maintenance, and eventual onset and progression of neurodegeneration remains poorly understood. A critical hurdle in addressing this question is the shortcomings of currently employed ensemble methods in probing very early-stage molecular events. Here, we present a unique combination of single-molecule biophysical and ensemble methods that can dissect single protein–RNA interaction. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a potential tool to identify early-stage molecular defects that may contribute to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
External Latchup Risks and Prevention Solutions in Advanced Bulk FinFET Technology

Internal Latchup (ILU) and External Latchup (ELU) are studied in advanced bulk FinFET technology. ELU risks of thin oxide (SG) and thick oxide (EG) devices are assessed and discussed. In this work we present different design techniques which designers can use to eliminate ELU risks in their designs.
Cost-effectiveness of Using Kidneys From HCV-Viremic Donors for Transplantation Into HCV-Uninfected Recipients.

Rationale & Objective Less than 4% of patients with kidney failure receive kidney transplants. Although discard rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-viremic kidneys are declining, ~39% of HCV-viremic kidneys donated between 2018 and 2019 were discarded. Highly effective antiviral agents are now available to treat chronic HCV infection. Thus, our objective was to examine the cost-effectiveness of transplanting kidneys from HCV-viremic donors into HCV-uninfected recipients. Study Design Markov state transition decision model. Data sources include Medline search results, bibliographies from relevant English language articles, Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, and the US Renal Data System. Setting & Population US patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis who are on kidney transplant waiting lists. Intervention(s) Transplantation with an HCV-unexposed kidney versus transplantation with an HCV-viremic kidney and HCV treatment. Outcomes Effectiveness measured in quality-adjusted life-years and costs measured in 2018 US dollars. Model, Perspective, and Timeframe We used a health care system perspective with a lifelong time horizon. Results In the base-case analysis, transplantation with an HCV-viremic kidney was more effective and less costly than transplantation with an HCV-unexposed kidney because of the longer waiting times for HCV-unexposed kidneys, the substantial excess mortality risk while receiving dialysis, and the high efficacy of direct-acting antiviral agents for HCV infection. Transplantation with an HCV-viremic kidney was also preferred in sensitivity analyses of multiple model parameters. The strategy remained cost-effective unless waiting list time for an HCV-viremic kidney exceeded 3.1 years compared with the base-case value of 1.56 year. Limitations Estimates of waiting times for patients willing to accept an HCV-viremic kidney were based on data for patients who received HCV-viremic kidney transplants. Conclusions Transplanting kidneys from HCV-viremic donors into HCV-uninfected recipients increased quality-adjusted life expectancy and reduced costs compared with a strategy of transplanting kidneys from HCV-unexposed donors.
Unexpected loss of sensitivity to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist activity of mecamylamine and dihydro-β-erythroidine in nicotine-tolerant mice.

Objectives There is a long-standing interest in developing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists for concomitant use with nAChR agonists (e.g., nicotine replacement) as complementary smoking cessation aids. Previous studies demonstrate that daily nicotine treatment confers tolerance to some effects of nicotine, as well as cross-tolerance to other nAChR agonists. The current study assessed the extent to which antagonism of nicotine varies as a function of daily nicotine treatment. Methods Schedule-controlled responding and hypothermia were selected for study because they have been previously used to examine the pharmacology of nicotine, and both are sensitive to the development nicotine tolerance. The rate-decreasing and hypothermic effects of nicotine, as well as antagonism of those effects, were examined in C57BL/6J mice before, during treatment with, and after discontinuation of three daily injections of 1.78 mg/kg nicotine. The nonselective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine and the β2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE) were studied in combination with nicotine. Results The ED50 values of nicotine to produce rate-decreasing and hypothermic effects were, respectively, 0.44 and 0.82 mg/kg prior, 1.6 and 3.2 mg/kg during, and 0.74 and 1.1 mg/kg after discontinuation of daily nicotine treatment. Prior to daily nicotine treatment, mecamylamine decreased response rate and rectal temperature. However, during daily nicotine, mecamylamine (up to 5.6 mg/kg) only decreased rectal temperature. DHβE (up to 5.6 mg/kg) when studied prior to daily nicotine decreased rectal temperature, but that decrease was abolished during chronic nicotine treatment. Mecamylamine and DHβE antagonized the rate-decreasing and hypothermic effects of nicotine before and after daily nicotine; however, during daily nicotine, mecamylamine and DHβE antagonized only the hypothermic effects of nicotine. Conclusions The differential antagonism of rate-decreasing and hypothermic effects implicates differential involvement of nAChR subtypes. The decreased capacity of mecamylamine and DHβE to antagonize nicotine during chronic nicotine treatment may indicate that their effectiveness as smoking cessations might vary as a function of nicotine tolerance and dependence.
Investigation of the change of CD4~+ T cell subset from children with type 1 diabetes

Objective To investigate the changes of CD4~+ T cell subset in the role of immuno-pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). Methods Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the ex-pression levels of transcriptional factors (T-bet, GATA-3, Foxp3, ROR-γt), cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A) and negative regulatory factors (CTLA-4, GITR) mRNA from CD4~+ T cells. The proportions of Th1, Th2, Tr and Th17 cells in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometric analysis. Plasma cyto-kine (IFN-γ, IL-4, TGF-β and IL-6) concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (1) The proportions of Th1 cells in peripheral blood from children with T1DM were siguificanfly increased than that of healthy controls, and proportions of Th2 were decreased (P 0.05). (2) Transcription levels of T-bet and IFN-γ mRNA were significantly up-regulated, while GATA3 and IL-4 were significantly down-regulated in children with T1DM. The mRNA expression levels of Tr negativity regulatory factors such as IL-10, CTLA-4 and GITR were lower in CD4~+ T cells from children with TIDM compared with the controls(P 0.05).(3) In comparison with controls, serum concentrations of IFN-γ or IL-4 were remarkable increased or de-creased respectively (P 0.05). Conclusion The Th1/Th2 imbalance might be play an important role in immunopathogenesis of T1DM. Functional deficiency of Tr cell might further exacerbate Th1/Th2 imbalance and lead to disturbance of cellu-lar immune response. Key words: T1DM; Th1; Th2; Tr; Th17
Microtubule Detachment in Gliding Motility Assays Limits the Performance of Kinesin-Driven Molecular Shuttles.

The creation of complex active nanosystems integrating cytoskeletal filaments propelled by surface-adhered motor proteins often relies on the filaments’ ability to glide over up to meter-long dista...
The curled wake model: a three-dimensional and extremely fast steady-state wake solver for wind plant flows

Abstract. Wind turbine wake models typically require approximations, such as wake superposition and deflection models, to accurately describe wake physics. However, capturing the phenomena of interest, such as the curled wake and interaction of multiple wakes, in wind power plant flows comes with an increased computational cost. To address this, we propose a new hybrid method that uses analytical solutions with an approximate form of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations to solve the time-averaged flow over a wind plant. We compare results from the solver to supervisory control and data acquisition data from the Lillgrund wind plant obtaining wake model predictions which are generally within 1 standard deviation of the mean power data. We perform simulations of flow over the Columbia River Gorge to demonstrate the capabilities of the model in complex terrain. We also apply the solver to a case with wake steering, which agreed well with large-eddy simulations. This new solver reduces the time – and therefore the related cost – it takes to simulate a steady-state wind plant flow (on the order of seconds using one core). Because the model is computationally efficient, it can also be used for different applications including wake steering for wind power plants and layout optimization.
Optimization of Engine Controls Using Geometric Programming

This paper deals with the development of a procedure to optimize engine fuel economy as a function of air-fuel ratio, spark advance, exhaust gas recirculation and air flow rate. The geometric programming method is used to determine optimum engine control settings when the solution is restricted by exhaust emissions or driveability constraints. This method is especially effective in fuel economy problems, where the constraints are highly non-linear. Some example problems are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the procedure.
Treatment-resistant CIDP in an IgG Tubulin Autoantibody Positive Patient: case report and review of the literature

Objectives: To describe a case of rapidly relapsing chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in the setting of positive serum IgG tubulin autoantibodies. Methods: We wrote a case report and performed a literature review of IgG tubulin autoantibodies and the use of rituximab in treatment resistant CIDP. Results: Our case report describes a 29-year-old woman with CIDP that was resistant to treatment with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange. An extensive workup of her rapidly relapsing CIDP was negative, with the exception of positive serum IgG tubulin autoantibodies. She ultimately stabilized on oral steroids, plasma exchange and rituximab, with a regular recurrence of weakness occurring approximately every month that led to rehospitalization. Conclusion: Anti-tubulin antibodies could be a marker of a subtype of CIDP that is treatment resistant. We detail her clinical course to serve as an example for other cases of IgG tubulin autoantibody positive CIDP patients that could be described in the future.
Building a #Nocode Academic Portfolio in Notion

Libraries increasingly need to justify their budgets to governing boards, administration, legislatures, and accrediting agencies. How librarians with faculty status are evaluated is typically diffe...
High-Resolution Spatio-Temporal Evaluation of Specular and Diffuse Paths in THz MIMO Channels

This paper presents a spatio-temporal analysis of discrete and diffuse multipath components (or paths) present in a propagation channel at Terahertz (THz) frequencies. These paths were extracted using a high-resolution parameter extraction algorithm RIMAX - an iterative maximum likelihood algorithm. For our analysis, we used measurement data obtained from a THz (300–312 GHz) $4\times 4$ Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) measurements conducted in an obstructed Line-of-Sight (OLOS) scenario in a data center environment. We provide statistical model for parameters such as mean direction-of-departure (DOD), mean direction-of-arrival (DOA) and the relevant angular and delay spreads. We provided a closed-form model for the diffuse path propagation along with statistical models for relevant spatial and temporal parameters. We showed that diffuse paths contribute a moderate amount of energy (mean value of 12.7%) to the overall energy measured in the THz MIMO Channel. Results in this work is important to wireless system design and development at THz frequencies.
Measuring Topic Based Influence of Users

In a social network, many users are influenced by other user’s activities. For example, a celebrity or motivational speaker influences some users through their thoughts and judgments on particular things, products, or topics. Nowadays, there are very few methods to evaluate topic-based social influence. In this research, a model to estimate the topic level user’s influence is proposed, and the topics are predicted on unobserved data by using RCTR. With the relationship between topics and users, the most influential nodes on every topic are measured. On the basis of coherence score and perplexity score, the RCTR method was selected for topic modeling.
DNA damage induction of ribonucleotide reductase.

Abstract RNR2 encodes the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the pathway for the production of deoxyribonucleotides needed for DNA synthesis. RNR2 is a member of a group of genes whose activities are cell cycle regulated and that are transcriptionally induced in response to the stress of DNA damage. An RNR2-lacZ fusion was used to further characterize the regulation of RNR2 and the pathway responsible for its response to DNA damage. beta-Galactosidase activity in yeast strains containing the RNR2-lacZ fusion was inducible in response to DNA-damaging agents (UV light, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide [4-NQO], and methyl methanesulfonate [MMS]) and agents that block DNA replication (hydroxyurea [HU] and methotrexate) but not heat shock. When MATa cells were arrested in G1 by alpha-factor, RNR2 mRNA was still inducible by DNA damage, indicating that the observed induction can occur outside of S phase. In addition, RNR2 induction was not blocked by the presence of cycloheximide and is therefore likely to be independent of protein synthesis. A mutation, rnr2-314, was found to confer hypersensitivity to HU and increased sensitivity to MMS. In rnr2-314 mutant strains, the DNA damage stress response was found to be partially constitutive as well as hypersensitive to induction by HU but not MMS. The induction properties of RNR2 were examined in a rad4-2 mutant background; in this genetic background, RNR2 was hypersensitive to induction by 4-NQO but not MMS. Induction of the RNR2-lacZ fusion in a RAD(+) strain in response to 4-NQO was not enhanced by the presence of an equal number of rad4-2 cells that lacked the fusion, implying that the DNA damage stress response in cell autonomous.
Avoiding Cartesian products for multiple joins

Computing the natural join of a set of relations is an important operation in relational database systems. The ordering of joins determines to a large extent the computation time of the join. Since the number of possible orderings could be very large, query optimizers first reduce the search space by using various heuristics and then try to select an optimal ordering of joins. Avoiding Cartesian products is a common heuristic for reducing the search space, but it cannot guarantee optimal ordering in its search space, because the cheapest Cartesian-product-free (CPF for short) ordering could be significantly worse than an optimal non-CPF ordering by a factor of an arbitrarily large number. In this paper, we use programs consisting of joins, semijoins, and projections for computing the join of some relations, and we introduce a novel algorithm that derives programs from CPF orderings of joins. We show that there exists a CPF ordering from which our algorithm derives a program whose cost is within a constant factor of the cost of an optimal ordering. Thus, our result demonstrates the effectiveness of avoiding Cartesian products as a heuristic for restricting the search space of orderings of joins.
Gold Nanoshell Enhanced Fluorophores for Multi-Frequency Near Infrared Fluorescence Optical Tomography

We investigate reflectance mode multi-frequency domain optical imaging with novel theranostic silica core gold nanostructures with Indocyanine Green. From phase sensitive images from homodyne measurements we determine optimal measurement parameters for nanoshell enhanced fluorescent dyes.
Exploring the Hydroxylation−Dehydrogenation Connection: Novel Catalytic Activity of Castor Stearoyl-ACP Δ9 Desaturase

The novel product profile obtained by incubating chiral fluorinated substrate analogues with castor stearoyl-ACP Δ9 desaturase has been rationalized through a series of labeling studies. It was found that the introduction of the Z-double bond between C-9 and C-10 of the parent substrate occurs with pro-R enantioselectivitya result that accounts for the observed stereochemistry of oxidation products derived from (9R)- and (9S)-9-fluorostearoyl-ACP. Oxidation of (9R)-9-fluorostearoyl-ACP occurs via at least two rapidly interchanging substrate conformations in the active site as detected by reaction pathway branching induced by deuteration at C-10 and C-11. Hydroxylation and desaturation of this substrate share the same site of initial oxidative attack.
Can Connectionists Explain Systematicity

: Classicists and connectionists alike claim to be able to explain systematicity. The proposed classicist explanation, I argue, is little more than a promissory note, one that classicists have no idea how to redeem. Smolensky's (1995) proposed connectionist explanation fares little better: it is not vulnerable to recent classicist objections, but it nonetheless fails, particularly if one requires, as some classicists do, that explanations of systematicity take the form of a‘functional analysis’. Nonetheless, there are, I argue, reasons for cautious optimism about the prospects of a connectionist explanation.
Recent CCD development activities at the University of Hawaii

At the University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy, we are carrying out several activities to develop CCDs for astronomical observation. In this paper, we report the test results of devices from three CCD manufacturers: Loral, Hamamatsu Photonics and MIT/Lincoln Laboratory.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Physics-based, high-fidelity simulation: strategic scene generation model

This paper describes a computerized system to generate reliable line-of-sight radiometry and time-sequenced digital images in support of the design, development and test of advanced strategic surveillance systems and for strategic engagement simulations required by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO). The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing the Strategic Scene Generation Model (SSOM) to provide valid images, and the capability to generate them, to various BMDO program elements and technology demonstration and measurements programs - thereby serving as a standard against which different BMD concepts and designs can be tested. Consequently, the SSOM has emerged as a highly visible focus for the ongoing development of phenomenology models and currently provides many projects in the BMD community with integrated, consistent, dependable, accessible and affordable state-of-science modeling and simulation capability.
Relationship to blood pressure of combinations of dietary macronutrients: Findings of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)

Background Elevated blood pressure remains a widespread major impediment to health. Obesity and specific dietary factors such as high salt and alcohol intake and low potassium intake adversely affect blood pressure. It is a reasonable hypothesis that additional dietary constituents, particularly macronutrients, may also influence blood pressure. Methods and Results Participants were 11 342 middle-aged men from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Data from repeat 24-hour dietary recalls (four to five per person) and blood pressure measurements at six annual visits were used to assess relationships, singly and in combination, of dietary macronutrients to blood pressure, adjusted for multiple possible confounders (demographic, dietary, and biomedical). Multiple linear regression was used to assess diet–blood pressure relations in two MRFIT treatment groups (special intervention and usual care), with adjustment for confounders, pooling of coefficients from the two groups (weighted by inverse ...
Becoming good: The role of spiritual practice

Abstract Personal formation using the classical spiritual exercises is an important, but perhaps ignored, aspect of moral development that should interest philosophical counselors. Resisting dysfunctional desires should not be confused with altering such desires. Psychological strategies can help people to develop self-control. But while they may change behavior, they do not transform deep attitudes and inclinations. Spiritual strategies, by contrast, aim to root out dysfunctional dispositions. By de-conditioning unproductive wants and beliefs, spiritual formation develops full virtue. I begin by describing a model of human behavior, using anger as an illustration. I then review several psychological strategies for controlling behavior. Finally, I examine the role of spirituality (especially exercises such as meditation, journaling, self-examination, and fasting that are shared across wisdom traditions) in changing character.
Music Research with Children and Youth with Disabilities and Typically Developing Peers: A Systematic Review

Background Systematic reviews of research provide pertinent information to both practitioners and researchers. While there are several recent reviews of music research and children with specific disabilities (primarily autism), there is no current review of music research with children with a wide variety of disabilities. Objective The aim of the current study is to identify and systematically review music research with children and youth published in peer reviewed journals for the years 1999 through 2009. Research questions focused on participant characteristics; research purposes, methodologies, and findings; as well as the presence of ideas from special education policies, and practices. We also asked how results have changed from those from an earlier review (Jellison, 2000). Methods Using computer and hand-searches, we identified 45 articles that met our criteria for inclusion. Once identified, through a process of consensus we analyzed articles based on criteria, categories, and codes used in the earlier review. Additionally we analyzed measurement instruments and effectiveness of interventions as reported by the authors. Results Primary findings show a large majority of studies were experimental with most reporting effective or partially effective interventions, particularly for social variables. Compared to the earlier review, increases were found for participants with autism and for reports including ideas from special education. Percentages of articles measuring generalization and examining high-incident disability populations (specific learning disabilities) were low. Conclusions The findings from this review and comparisons to the earlier review reveal important implications for practices with children with autism and preparation of researchers to design and conduct studies in inclusive music settings.
The Discovery of Chinese Logic

Joachim Kurtz, The Discovery of Chinese Logic. Brill: Leiden, 2011. xiv+471 pp. $221.00, €161.00. ISBN 978-9-0041-7338-5. Reviewed by Stephen C. Angle, Philosophy Department, Wesleyan University, 3...
The African Writer as Translator: Writing African Languages Through French

The relationship between the African writer and the language of the former colonial power has often been studied in ideological terms. The classical approach has consisted in examining the attitudes and reactions of African writers in the use of an alien tongue rather than the writer's re-appropriation of the foreign language in the creative writing process. This paper attempts to re-orient the reflection on the imaginary, that is, on the creative use of the foreign language, a process that can now be considered under the notion of translation. I wish to expand the traditional notion of translation in order to demonstrate how it functions as a creative and critical activity in African literature. My definition of translation goes beyond the linguistic process that consists in transferring meaning from one language to another to include the entire medium through which ‘Third World’ cultures are transported to and recuperated by audiences in the West.
Human ZHX1: cloning, chromosomal location, and interaction with transcription factor NF-Y.

NF-YA, B, and C comprise the heterotrimeric transcription factor known as nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) or CCAAT-binding protein (CBF). NF-Y binds many CCAAT and Y box (an inverted CCAAT box, ATTGG) elements. Mutations of these elements that disrupt the binding of NF-Y result in decreased transcription from various tissue-specific and inducible promoters. We employed a yeast two-hybrid system to screen a human liver cDNA library in an effort to isolate proteins that interact with NF-Y and that may play a role in tissue-specific or hormone-inducible promoter activity. Using a fragment of the NF-YA subunit as bait we isolated a cDNA that encodes most of the open reading frame of the human zinc fingers and homeobox 1 (ZHX1) protein. The complete open reading frame was subsequently isolated and found to encode a protein of 873 amino acids that contains two zinc fingers and five homeodomain motifs. Northern blot analysis of poly(A) 1 RNA isolated from various tissues revealed two major ZHX1 transcripts of about 4.5 and 5 kilobases. Both transcripts were expressed ubiquitously, although the 5-kilobase transcript is of greater abundance in most tissues examined. The human ZHX1 gene is located on chromosome 8q, between markers CHCL.GATA50B06 and CHLC.GATA7G07. © 1999 Academic Press
Arterial fluid mechanics modeling with the stabilized space–time fluid–structure interaction technique

We present an overview of how the arterial fluid mechanics problems can be modeled with the stabilized space–time fluid–structure interaction (SSTFSI) technique developed by the Team for Advanced Flow Simulation and Modeling (T★AFSM). The SSTFSI technique includes the enhancements introduced recently by the T★AFSM to increase the scope, accuracy, robustness and efficiency of this class of techniques. The SSTFSI technique is supplemented with a number of special techniques developed for arterial fluid mechanics modeling. These include a recipe for pre-FSI computations that improve the convergence of the FSI computations, using an estimated zero-pressure arterial geometry, and the sequentially coupled arterial FSI (SCAFSI) technique. The recipe for pre-FSI computations is based on the assumption that the arterial deformation during a cardiac cycle is driven mostly by the blood pressure. The SCAFSI technique, which was introduced as an approximate FSI approach in arterial fluid mechanics, is also based on that assumption. The need for an estimated zero-pressure arterial geometry is based on recognizing that the patient-specific image-based geometries correspond to time-averaged blood pressure values. In our arterial fluid mechanics modeling the arterial walls can be represented with the membrane or continuum elements, both of which are geometrically nonlinear, and the continuum element is made of hyperelastic (Fung) material. Test computations are presented for cerebral and abdominal aortic aneurysms, where the arterial geometries used in the computations are close approximations to the patient-specific image-based data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human-Monkey Gaze Correlations Reveal Convergent and Divergent Patterns of Movie Viewing

Summary The neuroanatomical organization of the visual system is largely similar across primate species [1, 2], predicting similar visual behaviors and perceptions. Although responses to trial-by-trial presentation of static images suggest that primates share visual orienting strategies [3–8], these reduced stimuli fail to capture key elements of the naturalistic, dynamic visual world in which we evolved [9, 10]. Here, we compared the gaze behavior of humans and macaques when they viewed three different 3-minute movie clips. We found significant intersubject and interspecies gaze correlations, suggesting that both species attend a common set of events in each scene. Comparing human and monkey gaze behavior with a computational saliency model revealed that interspecies gaze correlations were driven by biologically relevant social stimuli overlooked by low-level saliency models. Additionally, humans, but not monkeys, tended to gaze toward the targets of viewed individual's actions or gaze. Together, these data suggest that human and monkey gaze behavior comprises converging and diverging informational strategies, driven by both scene content and context; they are not fully described by simple low-level visual models.
Externalizing visual images: examining the accuracy of facial descriptions vs. composites as a function of the own-race bias.

Abstract. Two studies investigated whether the recall accuracy of facial details would differ depending on recall method, and also explored the own-race/ethnic bias in face recall. In Experiment 1, Hispanic participants (N = 120) viewed either a Hispanic or a White face and then were asked to recall the face by either giving a physical description or constructing a facial composite. Independent judges then determined the accuracy of the recalled information in both a rating task and a matching task. Results revealed reliably higher accuracy scores for the descriptions over the facial composites but showed no evidence for an own-race bias. A second experiment (N = 120) was conducted to attempt to replicate the description-advantage effect and to further explore the own-race bias in a stronger test using Black faces as the cross-ethnic group. This experiment again showed a description advantage and provided some evidence for an own-race bias in recall similar to that found in the facial recognition literatu...
Amide hydrolysis reactivity of a N4O-ligated zinc complex: comparison of kinetic and themodynamic parameters with those of the corresponding amide methanolysis reaction.

Treatment of the mononuclear amide-appended zinc complex [(ppbpa)Zn](ClO4)2 (1(ClO4)2) with Me4NOH·5H2O in CD3CN/D2O (3:1) results in the formation of the deprotonated amide species [(ppbpa-)Zn]ClO4 (2). Upon heating in CD3CN/D2O, this complex undergoes amide hydrolysis to produce a zinc carboxylate product, [(ambpa)Zn(O2CC(CH3)3)]ClO4 (3). X-ray crystallography, 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and elemental analysis were used to characterize 3. The hydrolysis reaction of 1(ClO4)2 exhibits saturation kinetic behavior with respect to the concentration of D2O. Variable-temperature kinetic studies of the amide hydrolysis reaction yielded ΔH‡ = 18.0(5) kcal/mol and ΔS‡ = −22(2) eu. These activation parameters are compared to those of the corresponding amide methanolysis reaction of 1(ClO4)2.
Developmentally programmed healing of chromosomes by telomerase in tetrahymena

Healing of a broken chromosome and in eukaryotes involves acquisition of a telomere. During macronuclear development in ciliated protozoans, germline chromosomes are fragmented into linear subchromosomes, whose ends are healed by de novo addition of telomeres. We showed previously that the ribonucleoprotein enzyme telomerase elongates preexisting telomeres by synthesizing one telomeric DNA strand, using a template sequence in the RNA moiety of the enzyme. By marking telomerase with a mutation in the telomerase RNA template, which causes synthesis of novel telomeric sequences, we now show that in the ciliate Tetrahymena, telomerase directly adds telomeric DNA onto nontelomeric sequences during developmentally controlled chromosome healing. Unexpectedly, one telomerase RNA template mutation converted telomerase from an enzyme that normally synthesizes precisely templated sequences to a less precise polymerase that sometimes synthesizes irregular telomeric repeats in vivo.
Automatic Composition of ETL Workflows from Business Intents

Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) tools have provided organizations with the ability to build and maintain workflows (consisting of graphs of data transformation tasks) that can process the flood of digital age data. Currently, however, the specification of ETL workflows is largely manual, human time intensive, and error prone. As requirements become increasingly complex, users must have considerable technical expertise and domain knowledge to build and maintain these workflows. This paper describes a domain-specific modeling approach to automate the composition of data processing workflows. A high-level domain-specific language is used to assertion ally express the desired results of a workflow, from which the composition of the procedural workflow satisfying these goal statements can be generated. This problem solving approach results in an intuitive interface that is usable even by casual users for the rapid composition of workflows that are accurate and error free.
Antibiotic susceptibility of urinary isolates in nursing home residents consuming cranberry capsules versus placebo.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary isolates is compared amongst nursing home participants from a randomized controlled trial of cranberry capsules versus placebo. We hypothesized that cranberry spares non-Escherichia coli Enterobacteriaceae, which tend to be less susceptible to oral antibiotics. Analyses showed no differences in susceptibility or proportions of non-E. coli Enterobacteriaceae.
States of difference: Refiguring ethnicity and its ‘crisis’ at India's borders

Abstract This article critically rethinks the possibilities and paradoxes of identity at the interstices of South Asia. Through ethnographic and historical analyses, I chronicle the varying forms, (dis)contents, and failures of ethnic identity in the geo-politically sensitive region of Darjeeling, India. In this Himalayan corner of the nation-state, borders have proven simultaneously generative yet undermining of identity and its politics—at once amplifying communities' desires for national inclusion, while rendering them largely unable to meet the Indian state's criteria for national recognition. As is the case along India's other borders, anxieties over national belonging have subsequently spawned violent subnationalist agitations in Darjeeling, as well as more legal quests for right, recognition, and autonomy. But to little avail. A perennial ‘identity crisis’ thus haunts (and charges) the people and politics of this Himalayan borderland. Refiguring the crisis at hand, this paper asks how certain forms of human difference become viable identities in India, while others do not. Doing so, I locate the crisis not within the realm of identity, but rather its rightful recognition. The paper accordingly develops ‘states of difference’ as an analytic for understanding the accentuated, paradoxical interplays of identity, state, and difference at the borders of South Asia and beyond.
Stark quantum defect for high Rydberg states of three-dimensional Schrödinger operator with screened Coulomb potential

We consider a 1-particle 3-dimensional Schrodinger operator with Coulomb potential perturbed by a compactly supported functionq(x)(x∈R3) and by an external electric field. In contrast with the usual treatment of Stark effect, we assume that the electric field is homogeneous only in a bounded region and is zero outside this region. Both the region and the perturbationq(x) are assumed to have a special parabolic symmetry. We give a rigorous derivation of an asymptotic formula for the discrete spectrum of the problem. This formula describes the splitting of the high Rydberg energy levels of an alkali-like atom in an electric field. We give an explicit formula for the «Stark quantum defect» in terms ofq(x) and the strength ℰ of the electric field. We give, also, explicit expressions for zero-order, linear and quadratic terms in the asymptotic expansion of the quantum defect with respect to ℰ → 0. The derivation of the above-mentioned results is nonperturbative. We suggest a method which allows to carry out a very detailed asymptotic analysis of the solutions of the corresponding Schrodinger equation. The main formulas of this work can be used for numerical computations of the quantum defect. This work can, also, be considered as a necessary technical step towards the precise asymptotic analysis of the Stark resonances in the problem without a cut-off of the electrical field potential.
Detecting and Identifying Spectral Anomalies Using Wavelet Processing

An automated method integrating wavelet processing and techniques from multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) is presented, providing a means for the simultaneous localization, detection, and identification of disturbances in spectral data. A defining property of the wavelet transform is its ability to map a one-dimensional chemical spectrum into a two-dimensional function of wavelength and scale. Therefore, unlike the traditional MSPC approach where disturbance detection is carried out in the original wavelength domain by using a single principal component analysis (PCA) model, detection employing wavelet transform processing results in the generation of multiple models within the wavelengthscale domain. Provided that the spectral disturbance can be localized within a subregion of the wavelength-scale domain through an advantageous choice of basis set, the method described allows the identification of the underlying disturbance. The utility of the proposed method in localizing, detecting, and identifying spectral disturbances is demonstrated by using real near-infrared measurements, suggesting its general applicability in spectroscopic monitoring of chemical processes.
Sub-Coulomb Transfer Reactions on Actinide Nuclei

Surprisingly large discrepancies have been found between some measured and calculated cross sections for sub-Coulomb transfer reactions on several actinide nuclei. The calculated cross sections of strongly excited states with $J\ensuremath{\ge}\frac{7}{2}$ are generally too small by a factor of 2-3, such as Siemssen and Erskine had observed in the reaction $^{182}\mathrm{W}(d,p)^{183}\mathrm{W}$. A few exceptions to the above rule are found for weakly excited states. In the present study, the use of very low bombarding energies results in an important simplification of the analysis in that the calculated cross sections then are insensitive to uncertainties in the optical-model parameters. The present results suggest that the discrepancy in cross sections probably results from inadequate treatment of the asymptotic tail of the bound-state wave function rather than from neglect of inelastic scattering processes in the incoming and outgoing waves.
Coherent phase equilibria: Effect of composition-dependent elastic strain

Abstract Recent investigations on coherent equilibria have shed much light on the nature of phase stability. For example, equilibrium phase concentrations are shown to depend on the alloy composition, and two-phase coexistence can terminate at a critical coherency strain, termed a Williams point. This work, however, presents that when lattice parameter, hence coherency strain, is taken to be a function of phase composition, Williams point can disappear, i.e. the two-phase termination occurs only at an infinite elastic strain. In particular, if lattice parameter depends linearly on phase composition following Vegard's law, the equilibrium phase compositions are found to be independent of alloy composition, similar to the incoherent equilibrium case, but the chemical potentials vary with alloy composition, underlying breakdown of the usual Gibbs phase rule. When the analysis is extended to a binary regular solution obeying Vegard's law, complete nature of both coherent solvus and coherent spinodal is revealed in accordance with Cahn's prediction made a generation ago.
Spectral radius algebras and C0 contractions

We consider the spectral radius algebras associated to C 0 contractions. It A is such an operator we show that the spectral radius algebra B A always properly contains the commutant of A.
Kinetics of browning during accelerated storage of sweet whey powder and prediction of its shelf life

Abstract Sweet whey powder (SWP) of different pH was prepared by exposing native SWP to acetic acid vapors in a desiccator. Samples were subjected to accelerated browning at temperatures of 40, 60 and 80 °C in sealed vials and the rate of color formation was measured. Sample lightness decreased over time and the rate of decrease was faster at higher temperature and lower pH. Results were modeled using a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic equation. The shelf life of SWP was estimated using a time–temperature plot. Increasing the temperature and decreasing the pH strongly decreased the shelf life from greater than 2 years at 53 °C for native SWP (pH∼6.3) to 5.2 days at 60 °C for intermediate acid SWP (pH∼5.0). A time–temperature–tolerance approach involving the practical storage life was used to predict the impact of temperature abuse during manufacture, transportation or storage.
Thermomechanics of thin films and interfaces

Several mechanics and thermomechanics problems associated with the deposition of thin films on substrates are reviewed. They include: (1) Stress concentrations in interfacial cracks, and the corresponding calculation of the energy release rate for crack growth along the film-substrate interface. (2) The effect of microstructure and of stress relaxation by diffusional creep during the growth of a thin film on the residual stresses present in the film; and (3) the thermal conductivity in film-substrate assemblies, and the issue of extracting film thermal properties from composite measurements. The relation between bulk and thin film values of the thermal conductivity is discussed. The issue of interfacial thermal resistance, which may lead to interfacial temperature drops of the order of 0.6° K is also addressed, and discussed in view of the inhomogeneous interface in films deposited by electron beam evaporation or ion beam sputtering.
Non‐terpenoid essential oils from Bursera chemapodicta

The essential oils of the neotropical deciduous tree Bursera chemapodicta are short-chain alkanes and alkanoic derivatives, which contrast to the terpenoid resins of other characterized Bursera species. The resin composition of B. chemapodicta differs from leaf to twig, indicating a tissue specificity for non-terpenoid essential oil synthesis. Field-collected leaves contained an average of 4.38% heptane and 5.32% total semi-volatiles. This is a major switch in resin chemistry from terpenoid to linear alkanes within the genus Bursera. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.