cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Communicating in Mentoring Relationships: A Theory for Enactment

The theory explicated herein postulates that communication is central to the initiation, maintenance, and repair of mentoring relationships. The initiation of mentoring is likened to the initiation of friendships and love relationships in terms of communicating appropriate relational expectations. Because the mentor has the most power in a mentoring relationship, the protege is anticipated to direct more communicative attempts toward initiating, maintaining, and repairing the relationship than the mentor. Protegees are proposed to be more likely than males to use communicative strategies in achieving their mentoring goals. Mentors are proposed to use communication to initiate, maintain, and repair mentoring relationships if they are invested in the success of their proteges. Malama is the Hawaiian word for nurturance and care. It is often used to encourage people to kokua: to help in efforts to conserve and clean up the ocean and land or to help others within their environment. One can nurture and care for the ocean, for the land, or for others. Care of our environment and of those living in our environment is a part of being human. We nurture and care for our physical environment through conservation and proactive efforts to keep our world clean. We nurture and care for future generations through parenting, teaching, coaching, and mentoring. The theory presented in this paper focuses on a particular expression of nurturance and care, which is the mentoring relationship. A mentoring relationship is a personal relationship between a more sophisticated mentor and a less advanced protege. The mentor has achieved personal or professional success and is willing and able to share covert and overt practices that have assisted him or her in becoming successful. The protege has the potential or desire to learn the methods used by the mentor in becoming personally or professionally successful. Together, the mentor and protege form a relationship of care and assistance. In the simplest form the mentor teaches the protege by demonstration or instruction and the protege follows the mentor’s training. This coaching can be in any area of the mentor’s success and can be
Ground Dried Whole Mussels as a Calcium Supplement for Chicken Rations

Abstract Ground dried whole mussels “as harvested” were found to contain 34.2% calcium. “As harvested” refers to the mussels together with small amounts of empty shells, sand, and other debris. When substituted for ground limestone in rations for broiler type males and rations for Red × Rock sex-linked laying hens, the mussels were found to be a good source of calcium for bone formation and egg shell formation, respectively.
The pathway of nitrogen and reductive enzymes of denitrification.

Some recent studies on the pathway of nitrogen and the reductases of denitrification are reviewed. The available evidence suggests that while the intermediates of denitrification can remain enzyme-bound (presumably to nitrite reductase) prior to formation of N2O, NO and nitroxyl (HNO) can be released in part by certain bacteria. Release of NO is recognized by a nitrite/NO−15N exchange reaction and isotopic scrambling in product N2O; release of nitroxyl by Pseudomonas stutzeri is recognized by isotopic scrambling of nitrite and NO in product N2O in absence of exchange and affords evidence that the first N−N bond forms in denitrification at the N1+ redox level. The recent purification and partial characterization of nitrous oxide reductase are described. The ability of the dissimilatory nitrite reductase to activate nitrite for nitrosyl transfer affords a new chemical probe into the mechanism of action of this central enzyme. It would appear that reduction of nitrite is subject to electrophilic catalysis. 18O studies show that dissociation of nitrite from nitrite reductase can be slow relative to competing reduction or nitrosyl transfer.
Combinatorics of open covers IV: subspaces of the Alexandroff double of the unit interval

Abstract We study topological games motivated by selection procedures for families of open sets. We establish a connection to strong measure zero sets, and answer a question of Tkachuk (1995).
38.5L: Late‐News Paper: PVD SiO2 for Metal‐Oxide TFT Application

IGZO TFTs are promising candidates to drive future high performance AM LCDs. Since IGZO is known to be sensitive to hydrogen new deposition processes for the adjacent dielectric thin films are needed. We developed a full-reactive hydrogen-free sputter process for SiO2 which shows a performance comparable to the state-of-art CVD dielectrics. We demonstrated that our sputtered SiO2 thin films are stable to electric fields of above 10 MV/cm and show leakage currents below 10−8 A/cm2 at 6 MV/cm.
A highly accurate Voigt function algorithm

A complex Voigt lineshape algorithm is presented whose maximum relative error over the complex plane is less than 1 x 10(exp -8). The algorithm consists of series, rational approximations and Gauss-Hermite integrations which makes it suitable as a general purpose software module for a wide variety of uses, including a Voigt function standard.
Post-equinox dynamics and polar cloud structure on Uranus ☆

Abstract Post equinox imaging of Uranus by HST, Keck, and Gemini telescopes has enabled new measurements of winds over previously sampled latitudes as well as measurements at high northern latitudes that have recently come into better view. These new observations also used techniques to greatly improve signal to noise ratios, making possible the detection and tracking of more subtle cloud features. The 250 m/s prograde jet peaking near 60°N was confirmed and more accurately characterized. Several long-lived cloud features have also been tracked. The winds pole-ward of 60°N are consistent with solid body rotation at a westward (prograde) rate of 4.3°/h with respect to Uranus’ interior. When combined with 2007 and other recent measurements, it is clear that a small but well-resolved asymmetry exists in the zonal profile at middle latitudes, peaking at 35°, where southern winds are 20 m/s more westward than corresponding northern winds. High S/N Keck II imaging of the north polar region of Uranus reveals a transition from streaky bands below 60°N to a region from 60° to nearly the north pole, where widely distributed small bright spots, resembling cumulus cloud fields, with several isolated dark spots, are the dominant style of cloud features. This presents a stark contrast to 2003 detailed views of the south polar region of Uranus when no discrete cloud features could be detected in comparable Keck II near-IR images. The pressure levels of discrete clouds estimated from spatial modulations in H and Hcont images indicate that the polar cloud features are generally in the 1.3 to 2–3 bar range, as are equatorial and several mid-latitude features. Several of the brighter mid latitude features are found above the 1.2-bar level of methane condensation.
Correction of land-based wind data for offshore applications: a further evaluation

Abstract A formula that linearly relates the difference in wind speed between onshore and offshore regions, as tested successfully in the Great Lakes region, has been revised and extended to other parts of the world. This formula is further substantiated theoretically by using an approximation of the equations of motion. Contribution of air–sea temperature difference to wind speed and direction, as well as the meteorological conditions under which this formula way be applied, are also evaluated.
U.S. Military Veterans Transition to College: Combat, PTSD, and Alienation on Campus

U.S. universities are witnessing an influx of student veterans who have been under chronic stress, have suffered injuries, and currently exhibit symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This study utilized quantitative survey data to test a model of what causes alienation on campus among student veterans. We then present quotations from student veterans describing the types of situations they find alienating. The results have direct implications for how student affairs professionals may help veterans succeed in college.
Chemical compositions of the Moon, Earth, and eucrite parent body

Model compositions of the Moon and Earth were calculated on the assumption that these planets had experienced the same nebular fractionation processes as the chondrites. The proportions of 7 basic components (early condensate, metal, etc.) were estimated from geochemical constraints, such as K/U, bulk U and Fe abundances, etc., and used to construct abundance tables for 83 elements. When lunar and terrestrial basalt data are normalized to these model compositions (to cancel differences in bulk composition), the abundance patterns become strikingly similar. This would seem to demonstrate the essential sameness of igneous processes on both planets. The model correctly predicts the abundance ratios of certain volatile/ refractory element pairs (e.g. Cd/Ba, Ga/La, Sn/Th, and Pb/U), the density of the Moon, and the major rock types. The model is also used, in the reverse direction, to reconstruct the composition of the eucrite parent body. It resembles the Moon to a remarkable degree, except for a lower content of refractory elements. Because of this similarity, it is unlikely that the Moon acquired its composition by some unique chance event, such as disintegrative capture. More likely, such compositions represent the natural outcome of nebular fractionation processes, which may have been more extreme in the inner solar system than in the asteroid belt. All input data required by this model can be obtained by unmanned spacecraft or ground-based observations. Thus, if this model proves viable, it will permit construction of a detailed geochemical profile of a differentiated planet after a single visit by an unmanned spacecraft.
Neighborhood satisfaction, physical and perceived naturalness and openness

This study examined neighborhood satisfaction in relation to naturalness and openness. It used Geographic Information System (GIS) and Landsat satellite imagery to physically measure the environmental attributes. Through path analysis it examined the relationship among the attributes, resident ratings of those environmental attributes, their satisfaction with them, and their overall neighborhood satisfaction (n = 725). We expected overall neighborhood satisfaction to relate to the resident's ratings of the environmental attributes and to the physical measures of them. The path model showed that overall neighborhood satisfaction was associated directly with the physical measure of building density and indirectly with the physical measure of vegetation rate through perception and evaluation of them. The perceptions and evaluations of the attributes related to one another. With refinements, GIS and Landsat data geo-related to survey data can offer a powerful tool for understanding the complex nature of neighborhood satisfaction and behavior.
Comparison of hydroxylamine, 4-dimethylaminophenol and nitrite protection against cyanide poisoning in mice.

Intraperitoneal doses of 4-dimethylaminophenol hydrochloride (DMAP), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (H2NOH) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) were found where each converted a maximum of about 37% of the total circulating hemoglobin in mice to methemoglobin. Those doses in mmol/kg were: 0.29 for DMAP, 1.1 for H2NOH, and 1.1 for NaNO2. For DMAP and H2NOH the peak was sharp and at about 7 min after injection whereas for NaNO2 the peak was much broader and at about 40 min. The i.p. LD50's in mmol/kg were: 0.48 for DMAP, 1.8 for H2NOH and 2.3 for NaNO2. When mice pretreated with each of the methemoglobin-generating agents were challenged with sodium cyanide, the ratios of the LD50's in protected mice to those in control mice (protection index, PI) were 1.5 for H2NOH, 2.0 for DMAP and 3.1 for NaNO2. When sodium thiosulfate was also given in combination with each of the three methemoglobin-generating agents, the protective effect was at least additive. The PI against sodium sulfide was also significantly greater in mice pretreated with NaNO2 than in mice given H2NOH. Methemoglobins generated from human and mouse hemoglobins by either NaNO2 or by H2NOH had identical binding affinities (dissociation constants) for cyanide. When human red cells containing methemoglobin generated by exposure to either NaNO2 or H2NOH were injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice and then followed by cyanide challenges, there was no difference in the PI for the two kinds of methemoglobin. Not only was the PI the same in each case with human cells, but it was also identical with that in mice given NaNO2 systemically to generate the same total amount of methemoglobin. The difference in PI between NaNO2 and H2NOH (or DMAP) in mice appears to be related to the high rate of methemoglobin reductase activity in mouse RBC. It appears likely that cyanmethemoglobin is a substrate for mouse methemoglobin reductase activity, and that NaNO2 is an inhibitor of mouse methemoglobin reductase. No differences in cyanide antagonism between NaNO2 and H2NOH would be anticipated in humans because of the slow rates of methemoglobin reduction in human red cells.
The Making of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire

The goal of this article is to discuss one of Paul Pintrich's more enduring legacies: the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), an 81-item, self-report instrument consisting of 6 motivation subscales and 9 learning strategies scales. The MSLQ has proven to be a reliable and useful tool that can be adapted for a number of different purposes for researchers, instructors, and students. The MSLQ has been translated into multiple languages and has been used by hundreds of researchers and instructors throughout the world. This article reviews the history of the MSLQ and discusses how it has been used to (a) address the nature of motivation and use of learning strategies in different types of content areas and target populations; (b) help refine our theoretical understanding of motivational constructs, how they are distinct from one another, and what individual differences exist in self-regulated learning; and (c) evaluate the motivational and cognitive effects of different aspects of instruction.
CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIFFERENT GROWTH HABITS IN THE DICOTYLEDONS

IN REVIEWING the cytology of a number of different families of dicotyledonous angiosperms, the writer noted that although there were no characteristic differences between the chromosomes of the various larger systematic divisions of this subclass, there appeared to be, on the other hand, a definite set of characteristics associated with the different growth habits, particularly the woody plants as opposed to the herbs, and the annual or biennial as distinguished from the perennial species. In order to test this apparent phenomenon, he undertook a systematic review of the chromosomal characteristics of all dicotyledonous genera sufficiently recorded in the literature for this purpose. The results of this survey are recorded in the present paper. MATERIAL AND METHODS.-Three chromosomal characteristics were selected as the easiest to treat in the manner contemplated: (1) the basic chromosome number of a genus, (2) the percentage of polyploid species within a genus, and (3) the absolute size of the chromosomes within the genus. The data for the first two characteristics were obtained chiefly from the lists of Tischler (1931, 1936), while additional information on certain genera was obtained from more recent partial lists and from a few treatments of particular genera. In general, genera included in the classification by basic number and by absolute size are those of which at least five species are known, but unless the known species were fairly uniform in character, they were not admitted to the lists unless a larger number of species was recorded. For classification as to percentage of polyploidy, only those genera were selected of which 30 per cent or more of the species are known cvtologically, but an additional list was compiled including all the genera classified as to basic number. The basic number was considered that which was found, either in itself or in multiples of it, in fourfifths or more of the species of the genus. If a second number occurred in a considerable proportion of the species, the genus was given one-half value under each number, while if there were three, it was given onethird value under each of them. If there were more than 3 numbers in the genus, only the 3 most common ones were recorded. Numbers near to multiples of the lowest basic number were considered to be derived by polyploidy--e.g., if a genus contained the gametic numbers 8 and 17, the latter was considered as a hypertetraploid based on the former. Only those basic haploid numbers actually found in the genus were recorded; the evidence from secondary pairing was disregarded as being not firmly enough established and not recorded in a sufficient number of genera to be of use in a comprehensive survey such
Democracy and militarized interstate conflict, 1816–1965

An investigation of the relationship between “joint democracy” and militarized interstate conflict over the period 1816–1965 at the dyadic level confirms the inhibitory effect of democracy reported...
Detection of human papilloma virus subtypes 16 and P16ink4a in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the fallopian tube and concomitant squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the cervix

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the fallopian tube is rare and often diagnosed postoperatively. Cervical cancer is considered as a long-term sequaele, resulting from sexual transmitted infection with certain common high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) types. The role of human papilloma virus in the development of the tubal SCC is unknown. We report an unusual case of SCC of the fallopian tube, synchronously occurring with cervical SCC in situ in a 49-year-old patient. Histological examination of the entire endometrium revealed no involvement Both tubal and cervical lesions showed the presence of high risk HPV 16 by PCR and increased expression of p16(INK4a) protein. Both SCC of the fallopian tube and cervical SCC in situ were positive for p63, while the non-involved tubal epithelium was positive for WT-1, but negative for p63. In conclusion, the concomitant occurrence of fallopian tube and cervical SCC can be explained by: (i) the 'field effect' of HPV infection resulting in the concomitant development of primary SCC in various sites of the female genital tract; (ii) the primary fallopian tube SSC metastasizing to the uterine cervix; or (iii) primary cervical SCC metastasizing to the fallopian tube. The detection of HPV 16 and p16(INK4a) in both the fallopian tube and cervicalSCCs strengthens the hypothesis of the 'field effect' of HPV infection.
Reconstructing a fragmentary Gloria

The idea of reconstructing fragmentary polyphony has not really found a niche in mid-fifteenth-century studies. Whilst editors of Baroque music have become quite used to reconstructing string parts to ‘arie con tre violini’ in skeletal opera sources, and whilst sixteenth-century specialists have occasionally been brave enough to recompose the contents of a lost partbook, this sort of treatment has rarely been applied to fragmentary works of the Dufay and Ockeghem periods. There seem to be two reasons for this. Firstly, since many of the essentials of mid-fifteenth-century style are not based on imitative techniques or the realization of simple chord progressions, the random nature of what an incomplete piece of the period might contain can make plausible reconstruction very difficult. Even the most predictable-looking of complete mid-fifteenth-century works often have surprising rhythmic turns or unexpected progressions, simply because variety was an expected and prized aspect of the mastery of sophisticated polyphony as it was then understood. Secondly, even if an editor achieves what he considers to be a satisfactory reconstruction of such a work, there are few cases of such reconstructions in which there is an overall conjecture rate of less than 20 per cent. Nevertheless, there are exceptions to all generalizations and on the present occasion I believe I have found a movement from a fragmentary cyclic Mass that can be reconstructed with comparatively little conjectural material: the Gloria from the Missa Salve Regina in Munich 3154. This article describes how I became interested in the cycle and suggests how the missing material in its Gloria can be effectively realized.
Research on Sex Equity in Education: An Agenda for the Divisions, SIGs, and AERA

AERA has an established commitment to equity as evidenced by Association policy and standing committees. An agenda for research on sex equity in education is proposed here and the division structure is used to cluster research areas. Research-related activities at the Association level are also proposed, with the goal of furthering the development of sex equity as an important dimension for all research in education. Both the activities and research agenda are intended to advance a dialogue that will assist in defining the research area of sex equity. Epistemological equality, concepts and definitions of sex equity, and methodology are identified as fundamental concerns to be addressed in research on sex equity.
Isolated, complete paralytic mydriasis secondary to herpes zoster ophthalmicus

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is a manifestation of herpes zoster when the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve becomes involved. Ocular symptoms are varied and mainly due to inflammatory mechanisms. Total, external and/or internal ophthalmoplegias, as well as isolated third, fourth and sixth cranial nerve palsies have all been reported as complications. In a minority of cases, concurrent pupillary paralysis has been documented. The presentation of complete paralytic mydriasis as the sole cranial nerve complication following herpes zoster ophthalmicus infection is a rare finding. The postulated pathophysiologic aetiology is a partial third nerve palsy with the pupillary fibres for light and accommodation-convergence affected and motor fibres spared. The mechanism responsible for the postulated lesion is speculative.
Overview of the Summer 2004 Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America (INTEX-A)

[1] The INTEX-A field mission was conducted in the summer of 2004 (1 July to 15 August 2004) over North America (NA) and the Atlantic in cooperation with multiple national and international partners as part of a consortium called ICARTT. The main goals of INTEX-A were to (1) characterize the composition of the troposphere over NA, (2) characterize the outflow of pollution from NA and determine its chemical evolution during transatlantic transport, (3) validate satellite observations of tropospheric composition, (4) quantitatively relate atmospheric concentrations of gases and aerosols with their sources and sinks, and (5) investigate aerosol properties and their radiative effects. INTEX-A primarily relied on instrumented DC-8 and J-31 aircraft platforms to achieve its objectives. The DC-8 was equipped to measure detailed gas and aerosol composition and provided sufficient range and altitude capability to coordinate activities with distant partners and to sample the entire midlatitude troposphere. The J-31 was specifically focused on radiative effects of clouds and aerosols and operated largely in the Gulf of Maine. Satellite products along with meteorological and 3-D chemical transport model forecasts were integrated into the flight planning process. Intercomparisons were performed to quantify the accuracy of data and to create a unified data set. Satellite validation activities principally focused on Terra (MOPITT, MODIS, and MISR), Aqua (AIRS and MODIS) and Envisat (SCIAMACHY) to validate observations of CO, NO2, HCHO, H2O, and aerosol. Persistent fires in Alaska and NW Canada offered opportunities to quantify emissions from fires and study the transport and evolution of biomass burning plumes. Contrary to expectations, several pollution plumes of Asian origin, frequently mixed with stratospheric air, were sampled over NA. Quasi-Lagrangian sampling was successfully carried out to study chemical aging of plumes during transport over the Atlantic. Lightning NOx source was found to be far larger than anticipated and provided a major source of error in model simulations. The composition of the upper troposphere was significantly perturbed by influences from surface pollution and lightning. Drawdown of CO2 was characterized over NA and its atmospheric abundance related to terrestrial sources and sinks. INTEX-A observations provide a comprehensive data set to test models and evaluate major pathways of pollution transport over NA and the Atlantic. This overview provides a context within which the present and future INTEX-A/ICARTT publications can be understood.
Analytical electron microscopy study of colloids from nuclear waste glass reaction

An Analytical Electron Microscopy study of colloidal particles formed during reaction of wste glass has been performed. The effect of waste glass test parameters on colloid formation is examined. Characterization of phases present in the leachate of these tests has shown that layers spalled from the glass and precipitated phases are both sources of colloids in the leachate. Elements, such as uranium, have been found to concentrate within colloidal particles in the leachate.
Challenges in the Electronic Consult Process for Diabetes Treatment A Systems Approach

The United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) created an electronic consult to increase access to specialty care. This system has the potential to improve access, reduce the number of face-to-face appointments, reduce travel and decrease chronic disease expense. Evaluation of the process is occurring at the same time as implementation. The purpose of this research was to perform a systems and human factors engineering analysis of the e-consult system. Using a mixed method approach we decomposed the e-consult process by analyzing the e-consults and interviewed system users. The e-consult program supports diabetes treatment but the system requires improvement. We describe seven areas of focus for system improvement. The recommendations provided serve as a requirements framework for electronic health record system upgrades.
Saturation-Induced Instability and Its Avoidance in Adaptive Control of Hard Disk Drives

This paper presents an investigation of the design and implementation of minimum-variance adaptive controllers for computer hard disk drive (HDD) read-write track following. A common characteristic of minimum-variance controllers, adaptive or not, is that they rely on prediction filters with large high- frequency gains to predict broadband disturbances, and this often produces control-signal saturation and eventual loss of stability. Two methods are introduced here to address this issue. The first method, suitable for online adaptive control, uses frequency weighting to constrain the high-frequency gain of the prediction filter. The second method, suitable for tuning fixed-gain controllers, employs an adaptive scheme iteratively over a finite duration. Both methods were implemented on a commercial hard disk drive, and experimental results demonstrate their effectiveness.
Selected List of Medical Journals for the General Collection

A selected list of medical journals for the general collection is offered. This list is intended to serve as an aid in collection development for the selection of health science titles. An entry for each title includes the following information: title, subtitle, publisher, address, starting date of publication, frequency, price range, indexing sources, regular features, and brief annotation. An alphabetical list of titles is also provided. It is hoped that comments from readers may result in supplementary lists being prepared in the future.
Mixing Humans and Nonhumans Together: The Sociology of a Door-Closer

Is sociology the study of social questions, or is it the study of associations? In this paper the author takes the second position and extends the study of our associations to nonhumans. To make the argument clearer, the author chooses one very humble nonhuman, a door-closer, and analyzes how this “purely” technical artifact is a highly moral, highly social actor that deserves careful consideration. Then the author proposes a vocabulary to follow human and nonhuman relations without stopping at artificial divides between what is purely technical and what is social. The author builds “its” or “his” own text in such a way that the text itself is a machine that exemplifies several of the points made by the author. In particular, the author is constructed and deconstructed several times to show how many social actors are inscribed or prescribed by machines and automatisms.
Severe retinal vaso-occlusive disease secondary to procainamide-induced lupus

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is known to cause various forms of ocular problems, including severe retinal vaso-occlusive disease. Procainamide is one of many drugs that may cause a lupus-like syndrome which resembles SLE but can be distinguished through clinical features and laboratory studies. Presented is a patient with severe vaso-occlusive retinopathy on highdose procainamide therapy. Associated clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings suggest the diagnosis of drug-induced lupus and exclude other vasculitic or inflammatory etiologies. This represents the first documented case of retinal disease attributed to procainamide-induced lupus.
The planktic foraminiferal B/Ca proxy for seawater carbonate chemistry: A critical evaluation

Abstract The ratio of boron to calcium (B/Ca) in the carbonate tests of planktic foraminifers has been proposed as a proxy for surface ocean pH or carbonate ion concentration ( [ CO 3 2 − ] ) , with a possible secondary influence of temperature. In both cultured and wild specimens, B/Ca generally increases with [ B ( OH ) 4 − / HCO 3 − ] , consistent with the proxy's theoretical basis. However, close examination of the available data reveals that calibrations using the empirical boron partition coefficient, K D = [ B / Ca ] calcite / [ B ( OH ) 4 − / HCO 3 − ] seawater , can be driven by independent relationships between [ B ( OH ) 4 − / HCO 3 − ] and other environmental parameters, not by B/Ca itself. If the influence of B/Ca on a calibration is negligible, it follows that combining that calibration with down-core B/Ca can not yield new information about past ocean conditions. In this study, we evaluate existing calibrations and down-core records with the aim of establishing a framework that allows consistent calibration methods to yield accurate proxy reconstructions from the fossil record. While many issues still need to be addressed, B/Ca does respond to seawater chemistry, and does change across some major climate transitions. Because it may provide insight into major carbon cycle perturbations, we make specific recommendations on how to tackle current uncertainties and develop B/Ca into a more robust proxy.
A second improved digit-reversal permutation algorithm for fast transforms

Based on three previously published theorems and an algorithm for the digit-reversal permutation required by fast transform algorithms, a fourth theorem is given, indicating an alternate order of generating the index pairs for swapping, and a second permutation algorithm results. This algorithm uses the same principles as the first and differs principally in that in its innermost loop, one of the pair of indexes is usually generated by an integer increment (i:=i+n). This will result in slightly faster execution on most computers. >
Techniques for VLSI design of pipelined IIR digital filters

Using a design method for pipelining recursive filters, a multiply-add chip was improved from a 40-MHz throughput rate to a 68-MHz rate and a functional compiler design was improved from 24 MHz to 31 MHz. Using this same technique a DSP chip (Sharp LH-9124) implementation of a pipelined FIR filter can be modified to yield pipelined IIR filters which maintain the high throughput rate but offer the better filter responses associated with IIR filters. In the process of applying this new design method to actual VLSI circuits, great insights into pipelining limitations have been obtained. >
Form and function of the spermatophore in Culicoides melleus (Coq.) (Dipt., Ceratopogonidae)

Sperm-transfer in Culicoides melleus (Coq.) is achieved by means of an intermediary spermatophore. The form of the spermatophore, only the second to be observed in a species of Culicoides , is described and illustrated. Though generally similar to others reported in Diptera, the spermatophore of C. melleus is distinguished by the presence of a long neck attached to the main capsule. Formation of the spermatophore occurs after sexual union has been achieved, and throughout mating the capsule remains held in the male apparatus. The distinguishing functional feature is that the entire length of the neck lies within the common duct of the spermathecae. The presence of an appendage of the spermatophore inside the spermathecal duct is a hitherto unknown phenomenon in Nematocera.
Effects of Paternal Presence and Family Instability on Child Cognitive Performance

This study uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) to examine the effects of a father?s presence on the cognitive performance of his pre-school aged child. Cognitive performance is measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), a well-known indicator of cognitive ability and academic readiness for young children. Like previous studies, the richness of the data is exploited by including numerous covariates in the OLS regression model. In addition, the study also employs a Proxy Variable-OLS Solution to dealing with the problem of omitted variable bias. Subsequently, causal inferences can be made from the empirical findings. The study finds two distinct effects of paternal presence based on whether the child belongs to a stable versus disruptive family structure. The empirical results indicate that cognitive outcomes are statistically similar for children in stable single-parent and stable two-parent family households. However, disruptive family structures, characterized by a father?s partial presence in the home, are shown to have deleterious effects on cognitive performance compared to a stable single-parent family structure where the father has never even been present. One profound implication of these findings is the importance of family stability above family structure in producing positive child outcomes. Moreover, there is suggestive evidence that the effect of disruptive paternal presence is significantly larger for girls than for boys.
Lymphoma- and leukemia-associated chromosomal translocations in healthy individuals.

Chromosomal translocations (CTs) are hallmark mutations of hematopoietic malignancy that result in the deregulated expression of oncogenes or the generation of novel fusion genes. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to detect illegitimate recombinations of genomic DNA sequences as a more sensitive assay than cytogenetics for determining the presence of CTs. Both direct DNA-PCR and reverse transcriptase-PCR were used to examine healthy individuals for lymphoma- and leukemia-associated CTs. Two oncogene-activating CTs [t(14;18)(q32;q21) and t(8;14)(q24;q32)] and one fusion-gene CT [t(2;5)(p23;q35)] from lymphomas and five fusion-gene CTs from leukemia [t(9;22)(q34;q11), t(4;11)(q21;q23), t(15;17)(q22;q11), t(12;21)(p13;q22), t(8;21)(q22;q22)] were detected in such studies. The biological implication is that CTs associated with malignant tumors may also be found in cells that are not neoplastic. CTs are characteristic attributes of neoplastic clones but are by themselves insufficient to cause malignant transformation. A better understanding of the special biology of non-neoplastic CT-bearing cells will provide insight into their putative role as tumor precursors. Prospective epidemiological studies are needed to determine whether such cells in healthy individuals may, in some instances, become clonogenic founders of lymphoma or leukemia.
Multi-path Planning for Mobile Element to Prolong the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

obile elements, which can traverse the deployment area and convey the observed data from static sensor nodes to a base station, have been introduced for energy efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, most existing solutions only plan a single path for the mobile element, which may lead to quick energy depletion for the sensor nodes that are far away from the path. In this paper, for data collection in WSNs, we study the multi-path planning (MPP) problem for the mobile element to prolong the lifetime of WSNs. Observing the intractability of the problem, two MPP heuristic schemes, namely fixed-K and adaptive-K, are proposed. The central idea of these schemes is to plan multiple paths and have the mobile element follow them in turn to balance the energy consumption on individual sensor nodes, thus extending the lifetime of WSNs. The proposed schemes are evaluated through extensive simulations. The results show that, compared to that of the single path solution, the multi-path approaches can extend the lifetime of WSNs by up to four times. Moreover, the adaptive-K scheme treats the sensor nodes more fairly with less variation on their energy consumptions.
The lattice Boltzmann equation method: theoretical interpretation, numerics and implications

Abstract During the last ten years the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) method has been developed as an alternative numerical approach in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Originated from the discrete kinetic theory, the LBE method has emerged with the promise to become a superior modeling platform, both computationally and conceptually, compared to the existing arsenal of the continuum-based CFD methods. The LBE method has been applied for simulation of various kinds of fluid flows under different conditions. The number of papers on the LBE method and its applications continues to grow rapidly, especially in the direction of complex and multiphase media. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive, self-contained and consistent tutorial on the LBE method, aiming to clarify misunderstandings and eliminate some confusion that seems to persist in the LBE-related CFD literature. The focus is placed on the fundamental principles of the LBE approach. An excursion into the history, physical background and details of the theory and numerical implementation is made. Special attention is paid to advantages and limitations of the method, and its perspectives to be a useful framework for description of complex flows and interfacial (and multiphase) phenomena. The computational performance of the LBE method is examined, comparing it to other CFD methods, which directly solve for the transport equations of the macroscopic variables.
Carbon dioxide retention and carbon exchange on unsaturated Quaternary sediments

Retention of CO{sub 2} on three air-dried and partly water-saturated glacial and eolian sediments was measured at 20{degree}C for a range in PCO{sub 2} that commonly occurs in unsaturated zones. Ratios of the relative losses of CO{sub 2} and {sup 14}CO{sub 2} from a surrogate atmosphere overlying the sediments were 1:1 for the dry condition. For the wet condition, those relative losses were generally {le}1:2, indicating bicarbonate-ion formation and C-isotope exchange. Mass losses of CO{sub 2} per surface area of sediment were similar for dry and wet conditions; however, CO{sub 2} losses for the wet condition were 8 to 17 times greater than losses predicted by calcite equilibria. Occurrence of this comparatively large reservoir of immobile, exchangeable C in unsaturated zones can cause alteration of the C-isotope composition of soil CO{sub 2} and of dissolved inorganic C in interstitial water, and needs to be considered when modeling {sup 14}CO{sub 2} movement in the unsaturated zone or when interpreting radiocarbon ages of infiltrating water.
The Influence of Soil Geochemistry on Nematode Distribution, Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

ABSTRACT Soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys are among the most extreme terrestrial environments, hosting low-diversity food webs of microbes, protozoa, and metazoan invertebrates. Distribution of soil invertebrates, particularly nematodes, is related to the highly variable soil geochemistry of the valleys. Bull Pass is a glacially carved area within the McMurdo Dry Valleys where a broad range of geochemical conditions occurs along a continuous soil gradient. This site provides the opportunity to investigate how soil geochemistry controls nematode distribution on a local scale, and to establish correlations that may also be relevant at regional scales. At Bull Pass, two nematode species were present, with the dominant Scottnema lindsayae occurring in >30% of the samples. There were significant negative correlations between live nematode abundance and soil nitrate concentration and salinity, consistent with experiments showing strong salinity effects on nematode survival. A logistic regression model based on ...
Medication Errors in Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Code-Related Situations

PubMed/MEDLINE (1966-November 2014) was searched to identify relevant published studies on the overall frequency, types, and examples of medication errors during medical emergencies involving cardiopulmonary resuscitation and related situations, and the breakdown by type of error. The overall frequency of medication errors during medical emergencies, specifically situations related to resuscitation, is highly variable. Medication errors during such emergencies, particularly cardiopulmonary resuscitation and surrounding events, are not well characterized in the literature but may be more frequent than previously thought. Depending on whether research methods included database mining, simulation, or prospective observation of clinical practice, reported occurrence of medication errors during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and surrounding events has ranged from less than 1% to 50%. Because of the chaos of the resuscitation environment, errors in prescribing, dosing, preparing, labeling, and administering drugs are prone to occur. System-based strategies, such as infusion pump policies and code cart management, as well as personal strategies exist to minimize medication errors during emergency situations.
Categoricity and Comparability Graphs

Publisher Summary For any countable, ℵ 0 -categorical partially ordered set (A, 0 -categorical. If R is a countable, ℵ 0 - categorical structure which can be expanded to a model of T, then R can be expanded into an ℵ 0 -categorical model of T. The chapter presents the proof of one such conjecture by showing that if (A,R) is a countable, ℵ 0 -categorical comparability graph, then there is a partial order 0 -categorical and (A,R) is the comparability graph of (A, 0 partially ordered set (A, 0 -categorical. The chaper characterizes the comparability graphs of reticles, which leads to some results on the decidability and ℵ0-categoricity of theories of graphs using corresponding results for theories of reticles.
Breaking Out of Local Optima with Count Transforms and Model Recombination: A Study in Grammar Induction

Many statistical learning problems in NLP call for local model search methods. But accuracy tends to suffer with current techniques, which often explore either too narrowly or too broadly: hill-climbers can get stuck in local optima, whereas samplers may be inefficient. We propose to arrange individual local optimizers into organized networks. Our building blocks are operators of two types: (i) transform, which suggests new places to search, via non-random restarts from already-found local optima; and (ii) join, which merges candidate solutions to find better optima. Experiments on grammar induction show that pursuing different transforms (e.g., discarding parts of a learned model or ignoring portions of training data) results in improvements. Groups of locally-optimal solutions can be further perturbed jointly, by constructing mixtures. Using these tools, we designed several modular dependency grammar induction networks of increasing complexity. Our complete system achieves 48.6% accuracy (directed dependency macro-average over all 19 languages in the 2006/7 CoNLL data) — more than 5% higher than the previous state-of-the-art.
No Reason to Blame Liberals (or, the Unbearable Lightness of Perversity Arguments); Review of the First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America, by Naomi Murakawa

This is a review of The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America, by political scientist Naomi Murakawa. Murakawa takes as her target a conventional wisdom that explains the rise of mass incarceration as a victory of Republican law-and-order over Democratic civil rights. Rather, she argues, starting right in her subtitle, “liberals built prison America.” It was liberals, she claims, who “established a law-and-order mandate: build a better carceral state, one strong enough to control racial violence in the streets and regimented enough to control racial bias in criminal justice administration.” Her major point along these lines is that the liberal preoccupation with using fair, non-racist procedures has contributed importantly to the growth of the carceral state, taming reform urges, entrenching the punitive regime. This argument sounds in perversity — on Murakawa’s account, liberalism’s attempt to improve racial justice using procedural tools not only fails, it is counter-productive, entrenching and worsening the system’s inequities. The review critiques Murakawa's focus on federal crime policy as missing the more important state and local dynamics. In addition, it argues that Murakawa's perversity argument is essentially aesthetic — that she adduces only post-hoc/propter-hoc kind of evidence that the liberal proceduralism she highlights has accompanied the ballooning of the incarcerated population. That is far from enough to convict generations of liberals — many though not all of whom decried overincarceration, as well as the unfair procedures that accompanied it — of the charge that they “built prison America.”