cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wide Angle Reflection Study of Crustal Structure, Eastern Pennsylvania - Northern New Jersey

A 12 channel, digitally recorded wide-angle reflection profile was conducted in the northeast trending Great Valley of eastern Pennsylvania-northern New Jersey. The wide-angle reflections were inverted to determine the crustal velocity structure of the region:, Specifically, the experiment was designed to determine if the Conrad discontinuity existed in eastern PA - northern NJ and to determine its depth and the thickness of the crust. Six quarry blasts, timed by a geophone located at the quarry, were recorded at three offsets of 73.8 km, 118.3 km, and 146.7 km. The common-receiver array was located at an abandoned railroad track parallel to Paulinskill Lake, Sussex, County, New Jersey. It consisted of 11 geophone groups spaced 213 meters apart. Since the reduced data contained a low S/N ratio for which the computer was unable to pick the P-arrivals, the data were treated subjectively for the sweep of the P-wave arrival across the array at the expected time. The travel time and normal moveout were then calculated for coherent phase signals across the traces. These data were plotted on a t(p) (intercept time-ray parameter) section and best-fit by hand with two elliptical curves. A cusp in the data suggests a 2 layer structure with a velocity discontinuity at 29 km. The upper layer has a near surface compressional wave velocity of 5.8 km. The lower layer is 17 km thick with a velocity of 7.7 km. This velocity transition suggests that the Conrad discontinuity has been observed in the study area.
Morphological Instability of a Sic Film During Carbonization

A model is developed to understand the morphological stability of a SiC film on a Si substrate during carbonization where the Si substrate is exposed to a carbon precursor. The morphological stability is determined by considering the surface evolution along a slightly wavy film surface and film-substrate interface. The morphological evolution along the film surface is dominated by surface diffusion and along the interface by a chemical reaction. The kinetic analysis shows the stability is controlled by the film surface energy, the interface energy, the diffusion-reaction process of the carbon precursor, and the strain energy. At small wavelengths of the surface profiles, the two types of surface energy dominate, which results in stable morphology. The diffusion-reaction process dictates the surface stability at large wavelengths. The strain energy may cause the surfaces to become unstable at moderate wavelengths; the instability can be completely suppressed by the diffusion-reaction process and the film surface energy, while it is enhanced by a large value of interface energy.
Cholesterol Content of Market Eggs

Abstract IN recent years, there has been some hesitancy on the part of the general public in the use of eggs due to their considerable cholesterol content. High cholesterol levels in the diet have been linked with increased incidence of atherosclerosis (Friedman, 1968). It would be beneficial to determine if factors under the control of the commercial egg producer could be used to decrease the cholesterol content of eggs on the market. The literature contains little data on the variations in the cholesterol content of eggs found in normal commercial channels. Watt and Merrill (1963) suggest a value of 550 mg. cholesterol per 100 grams of edible egg contents as an average cholesterol level of eggs usually found in the American diet. Miller and Denton (1962) found from 15.5 to 17.5 mg. cholesterol per gram egg yolk depending upon the breed of bird and season of year. This was equivalent to…
S-Aroylthiooximes: A Facile Route to Hydrogen Sulfide Releasing Compounds with Structure-Dependent Release Kinetics

We report the facile preparation of a family of S-aroylthiooxime (SATO) H2S donors, which are synthesized via a click reaction analogous to oxime formation between S-aroylthiohydroxylamines (SATHAs) and aldehydes or ketones. Analysis of cysteine-triggered H2S release revealed structure-dependent release kinetics with half-lives from 8-82 min by substitution of the SATHA ring. The pseudo-first-order rate constants of substituted SATOs fit standard linear free energy relationships (ρ = 1.05), demonstrating a significant sensitivity to electronic effects.
Private-label Marketing in the Ice-cream Industry

the same manufacturer. Several developments have contributed to the change in the consumer's purchase pattern. The two most important have been the post-World War II shift in consumer food-buying habits away from small neighborhood groceries and to supermarkets, and the trend toward retail grocery-industry concentration into corporate chains and groups of affiliated independent grocers. The impact of these developments is manifested by several changes in the structure and behavior of the ice-cream industry: 1. The introduction and development of private-label ice cream. 2. A downward trend in the wholesale price of private-label ice cream.
A successful strategy for parameterizing anisotropic depth imaging in a Saudi Arabian unconventional exploration area

Summary We developed a methodology that resulted in significant enhancements in defining the subsurface geology, in a survey over an unconventional exploration area, with high anisotropy in Saudi Arabia. The methodology included (a) anisotropic model building using walkaway VSP, (b) formation-guided interpolation and extrapolation along interpreted horizons to create the full anisotropic volumes and (c) prestack Kirchhoff depth migration from topography. Approximately 400 km 2 of wide azimuth land seismic data located in Saudi Arabia were imaged in which the target is a shale formation. We observed large anisotropy (~50%) for the shale through isotropic prestack migrations with both the seismic and checkshot calibrated velocity models. Significant imaging improvements were achieved by processing the data with the anisotropic depth imaging workflow, using anisotropic models derived from the walkaway VSP. Also, the anisotropic models produced a seismic depth image that calibrated to the well depth with less than 1% depth error.
Clustering chlorine reactivity of haloacetic acid precursors in inland lakes

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents the major pool of organic precursors for harmful disinfection byproducts, such as haloacetic acids (HAAs), formed during drinking water chlorination, but much of it remains molecularly uncharacterized. Knowledge of model precursors is thus a prerequisite for understanding the more complex whole water DOM. The utility of HAA formation potential data from model DOM precursors, however, is limited due to the lack of comparability to water samples. In this study, the formation kinetics of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), the two predominant HAA species, were delineated upon chlorination of seventeen model DOM precursors and sixty-eight inland lake water samples collected from the Upper Midwest region of the United States. Of particular interest was the finding that the DCAA and TCAA formation rate constants could be grouped into four statistically distinct clusters reflecting the core structural features of model DOM precursors (i.e., non-β-...
THE PRESENT SITUATION AND EXPECTATION OF ACIDIZING CORROSION INHIBITORS

The present situation and expectation of domestic and overseas acidizing corrosion inhibitors were reviewed in this paper.And their characteristics and results of application in oil and gas fields were evaluated.Furthermore,the research of quantum chemistry on organic corrosion inhibitors was introduced.
Phase I trial of dose-escalated paclitaxel and carboplatin in combination with ifosfamide and filgrastim : Preliminary results

The purpose of this phase I study is to determine the maximally tolerated doses of paclitaxel and carboplatin (dosed by area under the concentration-time curve) when given at specified times in combination with 6 g/m2 ifosfamide (3 g/m2 at 8 AM on days 1 and 2) with mesna and 5 microg/kg/d filgrastim (from day 4 until the absolute neutrophil count is > 10,000/microL) every 21 days for six cycles. Twelve patients have been treated thus far, 10 of whom are currently eligible for toxicity and response analyses: three each at dose levels 1 and 2, and four at dose level 3. Hematologic toxicity has been the only grade 4 toxicity noted. Only one episode of neutropenic fever occurred in the 43 cycles delivered to date, and only one patient experienced an ifosfamide-related change in mental status. Two patients have developed reversible renal tubular acidosis. No other significant neurologic or renal toxicities have been noted. Patient disease distribution is three non-small cell lung cancer, two breast cancer, two adenocarcinomas of unknown primary site, one prostate cancer, one angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, and one mesothelioma. The median age is 48 years (age range, 34 to 75 years), and median prior chemotherapy treatments was zero. One patient on dose level 1 required a dose delay on cycle 6 because of inadequate hematologic recoveries and one patient required a 50% reduction of the ifosfamide dose during cycle 4 due to mental status change. No patients receiving dose level 2 required dose reductions or delays. One patient at dose level 2 was removed from study due to deterioration of performance status and subsequently died. At dose level 3 dose delays have been required in six of 15 cycles, but no dose reductions have been necessary. Four patients have achieved a complete response (40%) and six a partial response (60%), for a total response rate of 100%. At the completed dose levels, this regimen appears to be tolerable and active with minimal nonhematologic toxicities.
Accurate assessment of bowel length: the method of measurement matters

Abstract Purpose Small intestinal length has prognostic significance for patients with short bowel syndrome, and accurate measurement of Roux-en-Y limbs is considered important. The flexible elasticity of bowel makes its measurement highly subjective, yet a recommended method for intestinal measurement allowing accurate comparisons between surgeons remains undefined. Measurement of intestinal length has been described, but no comparison of the fidelity of measurement technique has been made. We hypothesized that silk suture and umbilical tape would yield the most consistent measurements. Methods This institutional review board–approved prospective trial enrolled 12 volunteer surgeons and two Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-donated rabbits. Participants were asked to measure short, medium, and long segments of small intestine in a euthanized rabbit using common operating room tools: 18-in silk suture, 75-cm umbilical tape, 15-cm straight ruler, laparoscopic Dorsey bowel graspers. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance repeated measures model. Results Over short segments, intestinal measurements by grasper were significantly shorter than those by tape (P = 0.002) and ruler (P = 0.039). Over medium lengths of bowel, measurements by grasper were significantly shorter than those by suture (P = 0.032) and tape (P = 0.046), and measurements by ruler also were significantly shorter than those by suture (P = 0.008). Over the long intestinal segment, measurements by ruler resulted in the greatest variability, and comparison of variance across all possible pairs of groups found significant difference by method of measurement (P = 0.049). There was a significant difference in measurements taken along the mesenteric border compared with those taken along the antimesenteric border (P = 0.001). Conclusions Measurement technique along short segments matters less; however, rigid tools underestimate length, and smaller variances in measurement by silk suture and umbilical tape suggest that these methods are more reliable across longer distances.
Pathophysiology of Achalasia

Achalasia is a motility disorder of the esophagus, most commonly presenting as dysphagia to solids and liquids, with gradual symptom progression. Pathophysiology arises from degeneration of inhibitory neurons of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), resulting in unopposed tonicity and poor relaxation ability of the LES. The etiology of primary achalasia is unknown, but may involve viral, genetic, autoimmune, or neurodegenerative causes. Secondary achalasia, or pseudoachalasia, may arise from Chagas disease, malignancy associated with invasive or paraneoplastic disease, or other rare syndromes. Diagnosis is made using esophagogastroduodenoscopy, barium swallow radiography, and esophageal manometry, in order to demonstrate the effects of the underlying pathophysiologic changes and to allow for manometric subtyping which predicts treatment response. Treatment includes mechanical and biochemical methods to disrupt the pathophysiologic process. Complications of untreated disease may include overlying infectious esophagitis, esophageal diverticulosis, megaesophagus, and a slight increase in esophageal cancer risk.
Rhinoplasty: The Asymmetric Crooked Nose—An Overview

There are three reasons why the asymmetric crooked nose is one of the greatest challenges in rhinoplasty surgery. First, the complexity of the problem is not appreciated by the patient nor understood by the surgeon. Patients often see the obvious deviation of the nose, but not the distinct differences between the right and left sides. Surgeons fail to understand and to emphasize to the patient that each component of the nose is asymmetric. Second, these deformities can be improved, but rarely made flawless. For this reason, patients are told that the result will be all “–er words,” better, straighter, cuter, but no “t-words,” there is no perfect nor straight. Most surgeons fail to realize that these cases represent asymmetric noses on asymmetric faces with the variable of ipsilateral and contralateral deviations. Third, these cases demand a wide range of sophisticated surgical techniques, some of which have a minimal margin of error. This article offers an in-depth look at analysis, preoperative planning, and surgical techniques available for dealing with the asymmetric crooked nose.
Characterization of AlMn TES Impedance, Noise, and Optical Efficiency in the First 150 mm Multichroic Array for Advanced ACTPol

The Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) upgrade to the Atacama Cosmology Telescope features large arrays of multichroic pixels consisting of two orthogonal-polarization pairs of superconducting bolometers at two observing frequency bands. We present measurements of the detector properties and noise data in a subset of a fielded multichroic array of AlMn transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors. In this array, the distribution of critical temperature T(sub c) across detectors appears uniform at the percent level. The measured noise-equivalent power (NEP) distributions over approximately 1200 detectors are consistent with expectations. We find median NEPs of 4.0×10(exp −17) W/ √ Hz for low-band detectors and 6.2×10(exp −17) W/ √ Hz for high-band detectors under covered-window telescope test conditions with optical loading comparable to observing with precipitable water vapor approximately 0.5 mm. Lastly, we show the estimated detector optical efficiency, and demonstrate the ability to perform optical characterization over hundreds of detectors at once using a cryogenic blackbody source.
Social competence in pediatric burn survivors: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE Youth sustaining burn injuries during childhood have dramatically increased survival rates due to improvements in medical treatment and multidisciplinary approaches to burn critical care and recovery. Despite positive advancements in burn treatment, youth sustaining such injuries may experience social deficits. Thus, this systematic review without meta-analysis investigation contributes to the growing literature on this topic by comparing social competence of pediatric burn survivors to youth without burns, and examining potential correlates of social competence among children and adolescents who have sustained burn injuries. METHOD Fifteen empirical studies assessing social competence among youth with burns and published in the last 4 decades (i.e., 1980-2015) were identified. Data from youth, parent, and teacher perspectives related to social competence in pediatric burn survivors were extracted from studies meeting inclusion criteria. RESULTS Results comparing social competence levels between pediatric burn survivors and youth without burns were mixed; some studies indicate that the social competence levels of pediatric burn survivors fell within the normal range, whereas other work found these youth to display social deficits. CONCLUSIONS Implications for clinical practitioners, methodological strengths and limitations of the included research studies, and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Providing Nautical Chart awareness to autonomous surface vessel operations

When a mariner navigates into an unfamiliar area, he/she uses a nautical chart to familiarize him/herself with the environment, determine the locations of hazards, and decide upon a safe course of travel. An autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) would gain a great advantage if, like its human counterpart, it can learn to read and use the information from a nautical chart. Electronic Nautical Charts (ENCs) contain extensive information on an area, providing indications of rocks and other obstructions, navigational aids, water depths, and shore lines. The goal of this research is to increase an ASV's autonomy by using ENCs to provide guidance to the helm when its intended path, which may be dynamically changing, is unsafe due to known hazards to navigation, and context to its sensor measurements that are invariably subject to uncertainty.
Rabbit N-acetyltransferase 2 genotyping method to investigate role of acetylation polymorphism on N- and O-acetylation of aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens.

The rabbit was the initial animal model to investigate the acetylation polymorphism expressed in humans. Use of the rabbit model is compromised by lack of a rapid non-invasive method for determining acetylator phenotype. Slow acetylator phenotype in the rabbit results from deletion of the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene. A relatively quick and non-invasive method for identifying the gene deletion was developed and acetylator phenotypes confirmed by measurement of N- and O-acetyltransferase activities in hepatic cytosols. Rabbit liver cytosols catalyzed the N-acetylation of sulfamethazine (p = 0.0014), benzidine (p = 0.0257), 4-aminobiphenyl (p = 0.0012), and the O-acetylation of N-hydroxy-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (N–OH–PhIP; p = 0.002) at rates significantly higher in rabbits possessing NAT2 gene than rabbits with NAT2 gene deleted. In contrast, hepatic cytosols catalyzed the N-acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid (an N-acetyltransferase 1 selective substrate) at rates that did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between rabbits positive and negative for NAT2. The new NAT2 genotyping method facilitates use of the rabbit model to investigate the role of acetylator polymorphism in the metabolism of aromatic and heterocyclic amine drugs and carcinogens.
Estimating Relative Input Function from Response Function

Abstract A new method is described which allows the normalised unit impulse response (disposition kinetics) to be estimated from the response function (plasma concentration data). In conjunction with a suitable deconvolution technique, the method provides an estimate of the relative input function. The method assumes that the unit impulse response is described by a sum (≤ 2) of exponentials and that the terminal input rate follows a first-order process. Under these assumptions the method can be shown to provide an estimate of the normalised unit impulse response and an estimate of the relative input function which are theoretically identifiable. An example is given using synthetic data.
Is it possible to make environmental science relevant to society at-large?

Over the last five U.S. presidential election cycles, public concern about environmental issues has seemingly declined while concerns about national security and economic issues have remained steady or increased. These changes in public attitudes have been associated with decreased attention to environmental issues amongst policymakers, a situation that contrasts strongly with the 1970s when public concern about environmental issues was high and environmental legislation was a U.S. federal government priority. “Framing” has been proposed as a tool that environmental scientists could use to increase the relevancy of their research to U.S. society at-large, thereby helping to change public attitudes and influence policymaking. However, if done haphazardly, some framing efforts can actually have the opposite effect. To combat this weakness, environmental scientists should join with experts in psychology, decision science, and social science to create interdisciplinary teams that can effectively communicate with the public, positively affect public opinion, and make environmental science more relevant and meaningful to society at-large.
Tear-Film Evaporation Rate from Simultaneous Ocular-Surface Temperature and Tear-Breakup Area.

SIGNIFICANCEA corneal heat-transfer model is presented to quantify simultaneous measurements of fluorescein tear-breakup area (TBA) and ocular-surface temperature (OST). By accounting for disruption of the tear-film lipid layer (TFLL), we report evaporation rates through lipid-covered tear. The modi
Parent Emotion Expression and Autonomic-Linked Emotion Dysregulation in Childhood ADHD.

Despite evidence that ADHD is associated with disruptions in emotion regulation, few studies have examined the biological correlates of emotion dysregulation among children with this disorder. Prior work has pointed to roles of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system, as indexed via respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP), respectively. Work in typically developing populations suggests that parenting behavior and parental emotion expression may shape the development of these systems. To date, a single study has examined the independent and interactive roles of autonomic nervous system functioning and parent emotion expression in youth with ADHD. This study seeks to extend that work. 86 children (42 with ADHD), aged 8–12 years, and a parent completed a parent-child interaction task, while electrocardiography and impedance cardiography data were recorded to derive RSA and PEP. Parent and child emotion word use (positive and negative valence) were coded from recordings of the task. Parents of youth with ADHD used fewer positive emotion words throughout the task. Additionally, throughout the task, children with ADHD engaged in excessive RSA withdrawal from baseline. Further, the association between RSA reactivity and ADHD diagnosis was moderated by parent positive emotion word use. Specifically, those with RSA augmentation and parents displaying high positive affect across the task conditions were least likely to have an ADHD diagnosis. If replicated and extended, these results support the use of interventions specifically designed to increase parental modeling of positive emotions, while simultaneously focusing on building emotion regulation skills in youth with ADHD.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Characterization of Low-Overpotential, H2O2-Selective Reduction of O2 Catalyzed by N2O2-Ligated Cobalt Complexes.

A soluble, bis-ketiminate-ligated Co complex [Co(N2O2)] was recently shown to catalyze selective reduction of O2 to H2O2 with an overpotential as low as 90 mV. Here we report experimental and computational mechanistic studies of the Co(N2O2)-catalyzed O2 reduction reaction (ORR) with decamethylferrocene (Fc*) as the reductant in the presence of AcOH in MeOH. Analysis of the Co/O2 binding stoichiometry and kinetic studies support an O2 reduction pathway involving a mononuclear cobalt species. The catalytic rate exhibits a first-order kinetic dependence on [Co(N2O2)] and [AcOH], but no dependence on [Fc*] or [O2]. Differential pulse voltammetry and computational studies support CoIII-hydroperoxide as the catalyst resting state and protonation of this species as the rate-limiting step of the catalytic reaction. These results contrast previous mechanisms proposed for other Co-catalyzed ORR systems, which commonly feature rate-limiting protonation of a CoIII-superoxide adduct earlier in the catalytic cycle. Co...
Ocean variability and air-sea fluxes produced by atmospheric rivers

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) cause heavy precipitation and flooding in the coastal areas of many mid-latitude continents, and thus the atmospheric processes associated with the AR have been intensively studied in recent years. However, AR-associated ocean variability and air-sea fluxes have received little attention because of the lack of high-resolution ocean data until recently. Here we demonstrate that typical ARs can generate strong upper ocean response and substantial air-sea fluxes using a high-resolution (1/12°) ocean reanalysis. AR events observed during the CalWater 2015 field campaign generate large-scale on-shore currents that hit the coast, generating strong narrow northward jets along the west coast of North America, in association with a substantial rise of sea level at the coast. In the open ocean, the AR generates prominent changes of mixed layer depth, especially south of 30°N due to the strong surface winds and air-sea heat fluxes. The prominent cooling of SST is observed only in the vicinity of AR upstream areas primarily due to the large latent heat flux. Using a long-term AR dataset, composite structure and variations of upper ocean and air-sea fluxes are presented, which are consistent with those found in the events during CalWater 2015.
SPECTROSCOPIC ASSAY OF LITHIUM ISOTOPES

Abstract (Part I)—A method for the determination of the natural Li7/Li6 abundance ratio is described in which measurements are made at relatively high intensity. The correction applied for self-absorption was developed from theoretical considerations and observations on the Li7 doublet intensity ratio. A liquid air-cooled hollow-cathode source was used to reduce the Doppler broadening. The λ6707 lines were resolved using the Argonne 30-ft Paschen-Runge spectrograph. The Fabry-Perot interferometer was also investigated as the high-resolution instrument. The problems involved in making precise intensity measurements with both highresolution instruments have been investigated and appropriate instrumental corrections made. The Li7/Li6 ratio found for normal lithium in laboratory lithium reagents was 13.5 ± 0.2. (Part II)—The isotope assay method described in Part I has been modified so that determinations can be made on 2-microgram samples. With the new source λ6707 can be observed without self-absorption as shown by the doublet intensity ratio 2.04 ± 0.02 found for Li7. Using mixtures of separated isotopes it is shown that the intensity ratio is identical with the abundance ratio in the range of normal lithium. The Li7/Li6 ratio in laboratory reagent lithium salts was found to be 13.5 ± 0.2. This result is identical with that found in Part I but is somewhat higher than the presently accepted value.
Iron Potentiates Microglial Interleukin-1β Secretion Induced by Amyloid-β

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) senile plaques in patients’ brain tissues. Elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) have been identified in cerebrospinal fluid of living AD patients and in animal models of AD. Increased expression of IL-1β and the accumulation of iron have been identified in microglial cells that cluster around amyloid plaques in AD mouse models and post-mortem brain tissues of AD patients. The goals of this study were to determine the effects of Aβ on the secretion of IL-1β by microglial cells and whether iron status influences this pro-inflammatory signaling cue. To accomplish this goal, immortalized microglial (IMG) cells were incubated with Aβ with or without the addition of iron. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that Aβ induces the expression and biosynthesis of IL-1β by IMG cells. These microglial cells secrete the mature form of IL-1β in a caspase-1 dependent manner as determined by ELISA. Incubation of IMG cells with iron provoked a greater pro-inflammatory response as measured by these assays. Inhibition of the iron transporter DMT1 protected IMG cells against Aβ-induced inflammation. Potentiation of Aβ-elicited IL-1β induction by FAC was also antagonized by ROS inhibitors, supporting the notion that DMT1-mediated iron loading and a subsequent increase in cellular ROS contribute to the inflammatory effects of Aβ in microglia. Immunoblots and immunofluorescence microscopy data indicated that the presence of iron enhances Aβ activation of NF-κB signaling to promote synthesis of IL-1β. These results support the hypothesis that Aβ stimulates IL-1β expression by activating NF-κB signaling in microglia cells. Most importantly, iron appears to exacerbate the pro-inflammatory effects of Aβ to increase IL-1β levels, most likely through ROS generation. Because IL-1β promotes neuronal degeneration, these results suggest that iron status can profoundly influence the pathogenesis of AD by altering production of this cytokine.
Topical Therapy for the Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) identifies risk factors for recurrence in basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Locations are stratified by risk. High-risk locations include the “mask areas” of the face (central face, eyelids, eyebrows, periorbital area, nose, lips, chin, mandible, preauricular and postauricular areas, and ears), genitalia, hands, and feet. Medium-risk locations are the cheeks, forehead, scalp, neck, and pretibia. Low-risk sites are the trunk and extremities excluding the ankles and sites included in high- and medium-risk locations as above. High-risk features include location in a high-risk area; size ≥10 mm in a medium-risk location; size ≥20 mm in a low-risk location; poorly defined borders; recurrent BCC; history of immunosuppression; history of prior radiotherapy (RT) at the site; presence of an aggressive growth pattern on histology including morpheaform, basosquamous, sclerosing, mixed, infiltrative, or micronodular features in any part of the tumor; and perineural involvement. The absence of the aforementioned high-risk features and histology showing superficial or nodular features characterize low-risk BCCs.
Chronic Active Antibody-Mediated Rejection Following COVID-19 Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report.

Kidney transplant recipients who develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at increased risk of life-threatening illness, which often requires reducing immunosuppression despite the potential risk of causing an allograft rejection. Herein, we describe the clinical presentation and course of a kidney transplant recipient who acquired COVID-19 and was hospitalized with severe symptoms and hypoxemia. Upon admission, the patient was found to have elevated de novo donor-specific antibodies (DSA) yielding a positive cytotoxicity crossmatch and concurrent elevated plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) level, indicating a possible ongoing rejection despite improvement in his serum creatinine. Because of persistent positive COVID-19 tests and stable serum creatinine, a kidney allograft biopsy was initially deferred and his dd-cfDNA and DSA were monitored closely postdischarge. Three months later, because of persistent elevated dd-cfDNA and positive DSA, a kidney allograft biopsy was performed, which showed chronic active antibody-mediated rejection. Accordingly, the patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and his maintenance immunosuppressive regimen was increased.
Interference-aware Multi-User, Multi-Polarization Superposition Beamforming (MPS-Beamforming)

Wireless technology has witnessed a massive amount of attention in communication domain, not only in industrial field, but in academia field as well. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems among them has emerged itself as a promising future technology. Few of the properties of MIMO include diversity, spatial multiplexing, and beamforming. Exploiting these properties can lead us to improve the data rate. Among these properties lies polarization diversity which has large potential to improve the performance in wireless technologies. This paper contributes in investigating and implementing interference-awareness to multiple users with the help of dual polarized MIMO schemes at ±45o. Various factors such as Cross-polarization Discrimination (XPD), Signal to Interference noise ratio or SINR have been viewed that utilizes multi-polarization superposition beamforming (MPS-Beamforming) to optimize the system design. Simulation results are provided which shows improvement of the performance in terms of the Symbol Error Rate (SER) for the users. The polarization diversity with beamforming has high potential for the next generation wireless technologies.
Telomeric Double Strand Breaks in G1 Human Cells Facilitate Formation of 5′ C-Rich Overhangs and Recruitment of TERRA

Telomeres, repetitive nucleoprotein complexes that protect chromosomal termini and prevent them from activating inappropriate DNA damage responses (DDRs), shorten with cell division and thus with aging. Here, we characterized the human cellular response to targeted telomeric double-strand breaks (DSBs) in telomerase-positive and telomerase-independent alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) cells, specifically in G1 phase. Telomeric DSBs in human G1 cells elicited early signatures of a DDR; however, localization of 53BP1, an important regulator of resection at broken ends, was not observed at telomeric break sites. Consistent with this finding and previously reported repression of classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) at telomeres, evidence for c-NHEJ was also lacking. Likewise, no evidence of homologous recombination (HR)-dependent repair of telomeric DSBs in G1 was observed. Rather, and supportive of rapid truncation events, telomeric DSBs in G1 human cells facilitated formation of extensive tracks of resected 5' C-rich telomeric single-stranded (ss)DNA, a previously proposed marker of the recombination-dependent ALT pathway. Indeed, induction of telomeric DSBs in human ALT cells resulted in significant increases in 5' C-rich (ss)telomeric DNA in G1, which rather than RPA, was bound by the complementary telomeric RNA, TERRA, presumably to protect these exposed ends so that they persist into S/G2 for telomerase-mediated or HR-dependent elongation, while also circumventing conventional repair pathways. Results demonstrate the remarkable adaptability of telomeres, and thus they have important implications for persistent telomeric DNA damage in normal human G1/G0 cells (e.g., lymphocytes), as well as for therapeutically relevant targets to improve treatment of ALT-positive tumors.
Rate redistribution in dispersive electron cooling

It is known that dispersive coupling can be applied to realize three-dimensional cooling in stochastic cooling and laser cooling. In electron cooling, the transverse cooling rate is usually smaller than the longitudinal one, especially for high-energy beams. We find that dispersion can also be introduced into electron cooling (dispersive electron cooling) to redistribute the cooling rate between the longitudinal and transverse planes. In this paper, we present an analytical model to explain and estimate the rate redistribution in dispersive electron cooling, in which both ion dispersion and electron dispersion are included. It demonstrates that a small horizontal dispersion of the ions can enhance the horizontal cooling at the expense of longitudinal cooling, and the electron dispersion is also of benefit to this effect. We also find that this redistribution effect will be more significant when there is a large difference between the horizontal and longitudinal cooling rates, which will be of great significance for high-energy electron cooling in the future.
Prostatic artery embolization for bladder outlet obstruction in the setting of prior posterior urethroplasty

Abstract This case presents a patient with a remote history of complex posterior urethral repair related to a prior motorcycle accident who presented to the urology clinic in urinary retention with associated lower urinary tract symptoms. Due to his altered anatomy, traditional outlet procedures were deferred due to significant reported risks of post treatment urinary incontinence. Decision was made to proceed with prostatic artery embolization, and at follow up he reported resolution of his urinary retention and significant symptomatic improvement in his voiding without development of urinary incontinence.
The Tempo of Evolutionary Change in Primate Karyotypes: Speciation Mode and Phylogenetic Inferences

Evolutionary inferences made on the basis of cytogenetic data are of considerable value to biologists and anthropologists. Although a considerable amount of data has accumulated on the rates of cytogenetic change among lineages, there has been a general failure to appreciate the implications of these observations for the overall study of the evolutionary processes, and for the interpretation of other bodies of cytogenetic data. My goals in this paper are to discuss evolutionary rates; to focus on the factors influencing the rate of karyotypic change; and to show how phylogenetic influences may be made from karyotype data -- with special reference to the order Primates.
Religion and Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract This study examined the religious beliefs and practices of forty-one people with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities. The results indicated that the majority of participants attended worship services, prayed, and rated religion as an important part of their lives. Ratings of the importance of religion were positively correlated with participation in religious activities. Participants tended to score high on measures of intrinsic religiosity, and used positive religious coping strategies more frequently than negative religious coping strategies. Individuals with mild intellectual disabilities identified significantly more abstract representations of religion than individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities. The implications of these findings for the inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in religious activities are discussed along with future research directions.
Born This Way: Thinking Sociologically about Essentialism

“Born this way” has become a rallying cry for many LGBTQ people, and a succinct slogan for the political logic behind mainstream US-based gay and lesbian equality activism in the late 2000s. This short phrase—“born this way”—invokes the idea that sexual orientation is an innate, essential part of a person that cannot be changed or acted upon by others. Following this logic, homosexual people and their relationships must be incorporated as a valid part of the social fabric and be afforded the same state-based rights and benefits as heterosexual people and their relationships. Such an understanding of homosexuality as an innate essence stands in contrast to much sociological theorizing that situates sexual identity categories—as with all identity categories—as social constructs that emerge and shift across particular political, historical, and geographical contexts. In this essay, I argue that sociologists need to find ways to think empirically about this essentialist logic. I pose the question, what cultural work does “born this way” logic perform in everyday interactions around social difference, and how does it shape popular, academic, and legislative ideas about such differences? I offer a comparative analysis of the use of essentialism as an explanatory framework for social difference in four cases—race, gender, sexual orientation, and weight. I unpack the ways in which invoking “born this way” as a frame or strategy can be used both to discount the possibility of social interventions into inequality and to make a claim that inequality can only be alleviated through social interventions. Within this analysis, I further explore how social constructionist critiques of biological determinism are taken up or dismissed. I end with ideas for an empirical agenda that highlights the variations in social reactions to different identity-based claims of biological essentialism and illustrates the importance of using an intersectional lens when examining the social outcomes of such logic. Keywords: essentialism; homosexuality; inequality; social intervention; constructionist; biological determinism; sexual identity; sexual orientation; gay and lesbian; equality activism
Interference and throughput analysis of uplink user-assisted relaying in cellular networks

Relay-aided cooperative communication is a critical component of next generation cellular networks as it improves coverage and boosts system capacity. In this paper, we use stochastic geometry to study the performance of partial decode-and-forward (PDF) relaying through another idle user in uplink cellular communication. We analytically derive the average inter-cell interference power caused by system-wide deployment of this PDF relaying. This interference analysis provides the basis for quantitatively evaluating performance impacts of user-assisted relaying in cellular networks. We show that user-assisted relaying can significantly improve per-user transmission rate despite of increased inter-cell interference. This throughput gain further increases with higher idle-user density.
Ruling out PTAS for graph min-bisection, densest subgraph and bipartite clique

Assuming that NP /spl nsube//spl cap//sub /spl epsi/> 0/ BPTIME(2/sup n/spl epsi//), we show that graph min-bisection, densest subgraph and bipartite clique have no PTAS. We give a reduction from the minimum distance of code problem (MDC). Starting with an instance of MDC, we build a quasi-random PCP that suffices to prove the desired inapproximability results. In a quasi-random PCP, the query pattern of the verifier looks random in some precise sense. Among the several new techniques introduced, we give a way of certifying that a given polynomial belongs to a given subspace of polynomials. As is important for our purpose, the certificate itself happens to be another polynomial and it can be checked by reading a constant number of its values.
Mereotopology: a theory of parts and boundaries

Abstract The paper is a contribution to formal ontology. It seeks to use topological means in order to derive ontological laws pertaining to the boundaries and interiors of wholes, to relations of contact and connectedness, to the concepts of surface, point, neighbourhood, and so on. The basis of the theory is mereology, the formal theory of part and whole, a theory which is shown to have a number of advantages, for ontological purposes, over standard treatments of topology in set-theoretic terms. One central goal of the paper is to provide a rigorous formulation of Brentano's thesis to the effect that a boundary can exist as a matter of necessity only as part of a whole of higher dimension of which it is the boundary. It concludes with a brief survey of current applications of mereotopology in areas such as natural-language analysis, geographic information systems, machine vision, naive physics, and database and knowledge engineering.
A note concerning the proper choice for Markov model order for daily precipitation in the humid tropics: a case study in Costa Rica

The use of chain-dependent hydroclimatological models (sometimes referred to as ‘combined models’ or ‘two-part models’) in analysing daily precipitation requires that rainfall be modelled using both occurrence and intensity statistics. Markov processes in the context of precipitation climatology have been studied in such regions as monsoonal Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Many studies have indicated that the use of a first-order Markov model is often adequate when describing daily precipitation occurrences, particularly when working in temperate regions, but relatively little work has been done in the humid tropics regarding proper Markov model order, particularly in the western hemisphere. This research examines the occurrence characteristics of Costa Rican daily precipitation by comparing the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria (AIC and BIC) for three long-term meteorological stations. It is found that the most parsimonious models generally are those of first order (winter) or zero order (summer). Overall, the BIC yields less ambiguous results than the AIC, and thus, a higher level of model confidence is achieved when using the BIC as the model-order selection criteria. Copyright © 2000 Royal Meteorological Society
Accreditation and Academic Professionalism in Business Administration

Abstract Responses of a sample of professors were examined to determine the effect of being in an AACSB-accredited school versus a school not accredited by AACSB on publications records, total articles published, and perceptions of the effects of poublishing on careers. Respondents in AACSB schools published more articles and saw a significantly greater impact of such publishing on salary, tenure, promotion, and collegiality than did those from non-AACSB-accredited schools. There was a negative relationship between the number of courses taught (whether on the quarter or semester basis) and research productivity during the 5-year period.
Site-selective electronic Raman excitation spectroscopy of the lowest 4f ? 5d transitions in Ce(3+):Y(2)O(3).

The intensities of electronic Raman-scattering transitions between the ground state and the first excited state of the (2)F(7/2) manifold of Ce(3+) in both the C(2) and C(3i) sites of Y(2)O(3) are measured as a function of excitation frequency in the region of the lowest 4f ? 5d intermediate-state resonance with a wavelength-tunable pulsed dye laser. As the dye laser is tuned through the center of the resonance, we observe a 2-order-of-magnitude enhancement in electronic Raman-transition intensity over that for nonresonant excitation. The electronic Raman excitation profiles (resonance enhancement as a function of frequency) in the 15 949- to 23 810-cm(-1) (627-420-nm) range provide spectrally resolved information about the lowest 4f ? 5d transitions of both the C(2) and C(3i) centers that could not be obtained from the strongly overlapping absorption spectra.
Influence of level of education on disability free life expectancy by sex: the ILSA study.

Abstract Purpose To assess the effect of education on Disability Free Life Expectancy among older Italians, using a hierarchical model as indicator of disability, with estimates based on the multistate life table method and IMaCh software. Methods Data were obtained from the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging which considered a random sample of 5632 individuals. Results Total life expectancy ranged from 16.5 years for men aged 65 years to 6 years for men aged 80. The age range for women was 19.6 and 8.4 years, respectively. For both sexes, increasing age was associated with a lower probability of recovery from a mild state of disability, with a greater probability of worsening for all individuals presenting an independent state at baseline, and with a greater probability of dying except for women from a mild state of disability. A medium/high educational level was associated with a greater probability of recovery only in men with a mild state of disability at baseline, and with a lower probability of worsening in both sexes, except for men with a mild state of disability at baseline. Discussion The positive effects of high education are well established in most research work and, being a modifiable factor, strategies focused on increasing level of education and, hence strengthening access to information and use of health services would produce significant benefits.