cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LONG-TERM PLASMA INFUSIONS IN A PATIENT WITH ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA AND DEFICIENT IGA AND IGE

A patient with ataxia-telangiectasia and deficient IgA and IgE has been treated with long-term plasma infusions from a single donor over a 3-year period. No significant deleterious effects could be demonstrated. Despite the presence of anti-IgA antibodies, plasma infusions did not result in transfusion reactions. The IgA levels achieved following plasma infusion were similar to that of the donor. IgE could be detected in the skin of thee patient 5 days following plasma infusion, but no IgA was demonstrated in the saliva. Some evidence of a beneficial effect is suggested a significant control of recurrent sinopulmonary infection in a patient with deficient IgA, IgE, and abnormal cellular immunity. Currently plasma infusion is the only readily available method of replacing adequate amounts of deficient IgA and IgE. Bone marrow transplantation was considered in this patient, but lack of a suitable donor has made this form of treatment temporarily unavailable.
Ship and Ice Collision Modeling and Strength Evaluation of LNG Ship Structure

A collision model has been developed for nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis on an LNG ship and a crushable ice using commercial code DYTRAN. In this modeling, a global LNG ship model has been employed as a deformable body which follows the elastic-plastic constitutive model, and an ice floe has been modeled as a crushable body including material failure. The deformation and failure of the ship structure and the ice as well as the contact force at the contact area between the ship and the ice have been determined from collision simulations. For most ship-ice interaction scenarios, the ice load applied to the ship can be considered as a quasi-static load. The loading capacity of LNG ship hull structure has been investigated applying static ice loads to a local model, which is a whole compartment of a cargo tank in the ship structure including five components such as the side shell plating, longitudinal stiffeners, stringers, web frames, and inner hull. For each ship and ice interaction scenario, loading cases at five varying locations in the local model have been investigated. Numerical results show that different loading location cases cause the structure failure at different components. FE results also indicate that large plastic deformation and buckling failure modes are found in different components of the hull structure. Finally, acceptance criteria and the complete procedure have been developed for the strength evaluation of hull structure in LNG carriers under ice loads.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Consumption of Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Amino Acids by Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Laboratory

We investigated carbohydrate, protein, and amino acid consumption by the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Flies from the laboratory ingested greater amounts of 8% sucrose than of 2, 4, 16, and 32% sucrose; equal quantities of enzymatic yeast hydrolysate (YH) when it was presented to flies sequentially in concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 5% and from 5 to 2.5% larger quantities of YH as its concentration increased from 5 to 60% and greater amounts of the higher-concentration YH regardless of the order of presentation. Flies collected from guavas consumed greater quantities of YH during the first feeding regardless of concentration. Flies reared in the laboratory and collected in the field consumed enzymatic casein hydrolysate in greatest quantities during the first feeding regardless of concentration. All amino acids (as 0.25% in water) were phagostimulatory to males and all amino acids except asparagine were phagostimulatory to females. However, when each amino acid was prepared as a 0.25% solution with 4 g of sucrose, 16 amino acids were phagostimulatory to males, 18 amino acids were phagostimulatory to females, and alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, and lysine were highly phagostimulatory to both sexes. Cystine and hydroxy-L-proline were highly inhibitory to females, and proline was highly inhibitory to males. The amount of food ingested depended on the concentration and class of the food.
Effect of Lipid Composition on the Membrane Orientation of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2-Gβ1γ2 Complex.

Interactions between proteins and cell membranes are critical for biological processes such as transmembrane signaling, and specific components of the membrane may play roles in helping to organize or mandate particular conformations of both integral and peripheral membrane proteins. One example of a signaling enzyme whose function is dependent on membrane binding and whose activity is affected by specific lipid components is G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2). Efficient GRK2-mediated phosphorylation of activated GPCRs is dependent not only on its recruitment to the membrane by heterotrimeric Gβγ subunits but also on the presence of highly negatively charged lipids, in particular phosphatidylinositol 4′,5′-bisphosphate (PIP2). We hypothesized that PIP2 may favor a distinct orientation of the GRK2–Gβγ complex on the membrane that is more optimal for function. In this study, we compared the possible orientations of the GRK2–Gβγ complex and Gβγ alone on model cell membranes prepared with vario...
Characterization of differential via holes using equivalent circuit extraction technique: Research Articles

A fast and accurate characterization method of differential via holes is presented based on the equivalent circuit extraction technique. A 3-D model of differential via holes is created and simulated using a full wave solver and the results are compared with the equivalent circuit model using Advanced Design System software. Results presented validate the proposed approach. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2007.
It Is Easy Being Green: Disney’s Post-Racial Princess and Black Magic Nostalgia in The Princess and the Frog

The positioning of the Black Magic Woman character beyond the role of bio-logical female and within the African American community, as examined in Darnell Martin’s I Like It Like That is the focus of the previous chapter. In I Like It Like That, the unfixed nature of the Black Magic Woman allows for it to be personified by a Latino transgender character. This depiction speaks to the fluidity and liberating aspects of the characterisation as standing outside of the norms of mainstream society, of which it subverts. Within the previous chapters, analysis of the Black Magic Woman character focused on live action independent and studioproduced films directed by black filmmakers. This final chapter centres on the Hollywood adoption of the Black Magic Woman archetype in the Walt Disney Pictures’ 2009 classically animated musical The Princess and the Frog.
Towards an Identity-Based Approach for Examining Age in the Workplace: Perspectives and Implications

Studies of age issues in the workplace have been crucial towards understanding diversity in organisations. Many such studies have focused on perceived differences in younger and older workers, age stereotypes, and ways to attract and retain an age-diverse workforce. However, few studies have focused on the concept of age identity. This chapter advocates for engaging in age identity research by linking age stereotypes and labels to identity and by discussing potential implications for the workforce and research. In order to stress the usefulness of age identity research, this chapter examines age components, identity definitions, the importance of labels, and age stereotyping.
Design concerns of room and pillar retreat panels

Why do some room and pillar retreat panels encounter abnormal conditions? What factors deserve the most consideration during the planning and execution phases of mining and what can be done to mitigate those abnormal conditions when they are encountered? To help answer these questions, and to determine some of the relevant factors influencing the conditions of room and pillar (R & P) retreat mining entries, four consecutive R & P retreat panels were evaluated. This evaluation was intended to reinforce the influence of topographic changes, depth of cover, multiple-seam interactions, geological conditions, and mining geometry. This paper details observations were made in four consecutive R & P retreat panels and the data were collected from an instrumentation site during retreat mining. The primary focus was on the differences observed among the four panels and within the panels themselves. The instrumentation study was initially planned to evaluate the interactions between primary and secondary support, but produced rather interesting results relating to the loading encountered under the current mining conditions. In addition to the observation and instrumentation, numerical modeling was performed to evaluate the stress conditions. Both the LaModel 3.0 and Rocscience Phase 2 programs were used to evaluate these four panels. The results of both models indicated a drastic reduction in the vertical stresses experienced in these panels due to the full extraction mining in overlying seams when compared to the full overburden load. Both models showed a higher level of stress associated with the outside entries of the panels. These results agree quite well with the observations and instrumentation studies performed at the mine. These efforts provided two overarching conclusions concerning R & P retreat mine planning and execution. The first was that there are four areas that should not be overlooked during R & P retreat mining: topographic relief, multiple-seam stress relief, stress concentrations near the gob edge, and geologic changes in the immediate roof. The second is that in order to successfully retreat an R & P panel, a three-phased approach to the design and analysis of the panel should be conducted: the planning phase, evaluation phase, and monitoring phase.
Title VII and the Applicability of Disparate Impact Analysis to Subjective Selection Criteria

This article explores the use of subjective criteria and whether they may be used, under Title VII, to challenge employment decisions.
Location-aware and safer cards: enhancing RFID security and privacy via location sensing

In this paper, we report on a new approach for enhancing security and privacy in certain RFID applications whereby location or location-related information (such as speed) can serve as a legitimate access context. Examples of these applications include access cards, toll cards, credit cards and other payment tokens. We show that location awareness can be used by both tags and back-end servers for defending against unauthorized reading and relay attacks on RFID systems. On the tag side, we design a location-aware selective unlocking mechanism using which tags can selectively respond to reader interrogations rather than doing so promiscuously. On the server side, we design a location-aware secure transaction verification scheme that allows a bank server to decide whether to approve or deny a payment transaction and detect a specific type of relay attack involving malicious readers. The premise of our work is a current technological advancement that can enable RFID tags with low-cost location (GPS) sensing capabilities. Unlike prior research on this subject, our defenses do not rely on auxiliary devices or require any explicit user involvement.
Ultrasound for Endocrinologists: What I Learned from Lifetime Practice

Reflections on ultrasound imaging of the thyroid and the neck over more than two decades of use as an endocrinologist trigger both exhilaration and humility, which are persistently coupled as I continue to practice of the art of imaging. Throughout my career, I have been fortunate to partner with and learn from skilled and dedicated colleagues from multiple specialties to provide optimal care for my patients.
Research on Plant-Microbe Interactions: Making it Relevant

Significant advances in our understanding of host-microbe interactions have been made in the past 20 yr as a result of the application of the techniques of molecular biology and genetic engineering. In terms of potential applications to agriculture, however, the field has remained perennially promising. Relatively few products are planned for release and corporate interest continues to be limited to a few crops important to Western countries. Biotechnology for Third World countries, where such programs do not exist but severe shortages of food are the rule, is not developing at an adequate pace. I propose the creation of an International Science Foundation, which would focus on biotechnology and the improvement of crops that are important to agricultural development in the Third World. This research must be appropriate to small scale agriculture and must take into account practical and ethical issues related to the limited resources of developing countries.
Inhibition of insulin receptor binding by dimethyl sulfoxide.

Abstract Little is known of the effects of the solvent on hormone-receptor interactions. In the present study the effect of the polar solvent dimethyl sulfoxide on the binding of insulin to its surface receptors on cultured human lymphocytes of the IM-9 line was investigated. At concentrations exceeding 0.1% (v/v), dimethyl sulfoxide produced a dose-related inhibition of 125I-labeled insulin binding. Insulin binding was totally abolished in 20% dimethyl sulfoxide. This inhibition was immediately present and was totally reversible. Analysis of the data of binding at steady state indicated that the decrease in binding of 125I-labeled insulin was due to a reduced affinity of the insulin receptor without noticeable change in the concentration of receptor sites. Kinetic studies showed that the decreased affinity could largely be accounted for by a decreased association rate constant; effects on dissociation and negative cooperativity of the insulin receptor were affected to a much lesser extent.
CONTROL MECHANISMS OF THE ADRENERGIC NEURON

The discovery that sympathetic neurons are highly receptive to a nerve growth factor (NGF) which is normally present in tissues and body fluids and plays a vital role in the life of these cells, was the starting point of an investigation on growth regulatory mechanisms of these cells. Daily injections of NGF in newborn rodents call forth a dramatic increase in size and number of these neurons, where as injections of a specific antiserum to the NGF result in death of sympathetic nerve cells. The process is known as immunosympathectomy. It was subsequently found that two pharmacological agents, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) and guanethidine, when injected in newborn mice or rats, produce destruction of sympathetic neurons comparable to that elicited by an antiserum to the NGF. Ultra-structural studies showed, however, that the sequence and localization of degenerative events in the cell compartments differ markedly from those produced by the antiserum, and also differ from each other. It seemed, therefore, of considerable interest to see whether the simultaneous administration of NGF would mitigate or prevent the toxic effects produced by 6-OH-DA or guanethidine. To this aim, littermate newborn rats were divided into four groups and injected daily from the day of birth with NGF, NGF and guanethidine, guanethidine, or saline. In a second experimental series, 6-OH-DA instead of guanethidine was used alone or in combination with NGF. The destructive effects of guanethidine are apparent earlier than those of 6-OH-DA. Ganglia of guanethidine-injected rats consist of satellite cells and only a few atrophic sympathetic neurons at 8 days; ganglia of 6-OH-DA-treated rats show a similar picture at the end of the third week. Simultaneous injections of NGF prevent the destructive effects of guanethidine or 6-OH-DA, but marked differences are apparent at stereo-, optic, and electron microscopic inspection in ganglia of the two series. Ganglia of NGF and guanethidine-treated rats compare in size to those treated with NGF alone; both are about three times larger than controls at 8 days. Ganglia of 6-OH-DA- and NGF-treated rats are three to four times larger than those treated with NGF at the end of the third week. The massive volume increase is due to an extraordinary increase in number and size of postganglionic axons and moderate increase in glial and satellite cells.
Same Book, Different Bookmarks: The Development and Preliminary Validation of the Bible Verse Selection Task as a Measure of Christian Fundamentalism:

The development and preliminary validation of a new measure of Christian fundamentalism required a multi-stage process. In an initial exploratory study, participants indicated which of a set of Bib...
Plant Parasitic Nematodes in California Agriculture

California produces the largest diversity of agricultural crops in the U.S. As sole producer of several fruit, nut and vegetable crops in the nation, California is a main provider of food for the U.S. and much of the world. Unfortunately, plant parasitic nematodes can significantly impact the state’s crop productions. In this chapter, a developmental account of nematode problems associated with major crops, nematode biology and regional distribution, and past to present management practices including sustainable strategies are discussed for certain main, economically important plant parasitic nematode species.
Engineered ovalbumin-expressing regulatory T cells protect against anaphylaxis in ovalbumin-sensitized mice.

Abstract Allergy is a major public health concern, the main treatment for which is symptomatic relief with anti-inflammatory drugs. A key clinical challenge is to induce specific tolerance in order to control allergen-specific memory B and T cells, and specifically block effector cell responses. Our lab recently developed antigen-specific regulatory T-cell (Treg) therapies as a treatment for adverse responses. Recently, we created a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) approach in which we engineered a target protein antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), linked with the transmembrane and signal transduction domains, CD28-CD3ζ to directly target B cells and sensitized mast cells in an allergy model. We named this receptor “BAR” for B-cell Antibody Receptor. Murine or human Tregs, transduced with a BAR containing OVA or control Tregs expressing an unrelated antigen, were successfully expanded in vitro and tested in the murine OVA-alum allergy model with measurable titers of anti-OVA IgE. Because BAR Tregs express the target antigen and could interact with specific IgE on sensitized mast cells, we first demonstrated that intravenously injected OVA-BAR Tregs did not directly lead to a drop in temperature or release of mediators in plasma indicative of anaphylaxis. Forty-eight hours later, mice were challenged intraperitoneally with 200 μg OVA to induce an anaphylactic reaction, and temperature immediately measured for 30 min. We found that OVA-BAR Tregs protected mice from hypothermia, whereas mice given control BARs (expressing an unrelated antigen) or PBS showed substantial temperature drops indicative of anaphylaxis when systemically challenged with OVA. Importantly, this effect was also demonstrated in a passive anaphylaxis model in which mice that received anti-OVA IgE antibody were protected from hypothermia when treated with OVA-BAR Tregs prior to systemic OVA challenge. These results provide proof of principle that engineered allergen-specific T-regulatory cells can provide clinical protection against severe allergic reactions in individuals already IgE-sensitized to an allergen.
Herring politics: Northern Scotland’s herring fishing industry, 1660-1707:

This research note explores the interactions between environmental change and cultural response in a case study focused on the diminution of the northern Scottish North Sea herring fishing industry...
Retraining an open-source pneumothorax detecting machine learning algorithm for improved performance to medical images.

Abstract Purpose To validate a machine learning model trained on an open source dataset and subsequently optimize it to chest X-rays with large pneumothoraces from our institution. Methods The study was retrospective in nature. The open-source chest X-ray (CXR8) dataset was dichotomized to cases with pneumothorax (PTX) and all other cases (non-PTX), resulting in 41,946 non-PTX and 4696 PTX cases for the training set and 11,120 non-PTX and 541 PTX cases for the validation set. A limited supervision machine learning model was constructed to incorporate both localized and unlocalized pathology. Cases were then queried from our health system from 2013 to 2017. A total of 159 pneumothorax and 682 non-pneumothorax cases were available for the training set. For the validation set, 48 pneumothorax and 1287 non-pneumothorax cases were available. The model was trained, a receiver operator curve (ROC) was created, and output metrics, including area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results Initial training of the model using the CXR8 dataset resulted in an AUC of 0.90 for pneumothorax detection. Naively inferring our own validation dataset on the CXR8 trained model output an AUC of 0.59. After re-training the model with our own training dataset, the validation dataset inference output an AUC of 0.90. Conclusion Our study showed that even though you may get great results on open-source datasets, those models may not translate well to real world data without an intervening retraining process.
Ethics for AI Writing: The Importance of Rhetorical Context

Implicit in any rhetorical interaction-between humans or between humans and machines-are ethical codes that shape the rhetorical context, the social situation in which communication happens and also the engine that drives communicative interaction. Such implicit codes are usually invisible to AI writing systems because the social factors shaping communication (the why and how of language, not the what) are not usually explicitly evident in databases the systems use to produce discourse. Can AI writing systems learn to learn rhetorical context, particularly the implicit codes for communication ethics? We see evidence that some systems do address issues of rhetorical context, at least in rudimentary ways. But we critique the information transfer communication model supporting many AI writing systems, arguing for a social context model that accounts for rhetorical context-what is, in a sense, "not there" in the data corpus but that is critical for the production of meaningful, significant, and ethical communication. We offer two ethical principles to guide design of AI writing systems: transparency about machine presence and critical data awareness, a methodological reflexivity about rhetorical context and omissions in the data that need to be provided by a human agent or accounted for in machine learning.
Phase II study of nivolumab and relatlimab in advanced mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) cancers resistant to prior PD-(L)1 inhibition.

TPS839Background: Cancers deficient in DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) are highly immunogenic tumors exhibiting high rates of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death...
Merging Cultures: Organizational Culture and Leadership in a Health System Merger.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Health system mergers and acquisitions have increased exponentially in recent years as an apparent result of the Affordable Care Act. Mergers and acquisitions are seen as a way to control interdependencies within the market, control costs, leverage debt, and negotiate better rates among health insurers. Regardless of the impetus for a merger, the largest predictor of its success or failure lies within the organizational culture. The purpose of this research was to assess the current organizational culture and preferred organizational culture of two competing health organizations prior to a planned merger, and then to determine whether there were significant differences between the premerger cultures and the postmerger preferred organizational culture using the Competing Values Framework (CVF). Current culture is defined as the premerger culture as measured by the CVF, and preferred culture is defined as the self-identified preferred traits and characteristics of the postmerger culture as measured by the CVF. The study findings indicated a statistically significant difference between the premerger cultures of the health systems. However, respondents from both health systems preferred a postmerger organizational culture that was statistically the same. A review of the results along with best practices for health system leaders follows.
Philip John DiSaia, MD: Available Light & The Origin of Storms.

During a career, which spanned nearly 60 years, Professor Philip J. DiSaia (1937-2018) trailblazed a path forward in academic medicine, which would become the standard by which Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology Divisions and Cancer Centers would be measured throughout the United States, in Europe and Japan. Following his discovery of fetal warfarin syndrome as a resident, DiSaia would serve in the U.S. Navy and successfully compete for an American Cancer Society Grant that would fund his Fellowship in Gynecologic Oncology under the instruction of Dr Felix N. Rutledge at the MD Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston, Texas. Dr DiSaia's goal to establish a traditional academic department was realized at the University of California, Irvine, where he remained active in an unprecedented, uninterrupted 42-year run, training many outstanding obstetrician-gynecologists and gynecologic oncologists, future Division Directors, Cancer Center Directors and Department Chairpersons. His dedication to the field and inexhaustible work ethic fueled his many successes in tumor immunology and the clinical trials of the National Cancer Institute's Gynecologic Oncology Group.
In vivo evolution of biopsy-proven inflammatory demyelination quantified by R2t* mapping

A 35-year-old man with an enhancing tumefactive brain lesion underwent biopsy, revealing inflammatory demyelination. We used quantitative Gradient-Recalled-Echo (qGRE) MRI to visualize and measure tissue damage in the lesion. Two weeks after biopsy, qGRE showed significant R2t* reduction in the left optic radiation and surrounding tissue, consistent with the histopathological and clinical findings. qGRE was repeated 6 and 14 months later, demonstrating partially recovered optic radiation R2t*, in concert with improvement of the hemianopia to ultimately involve only the lower right visual quadrant. These results support qGRE metrics as in vivo biomarkers for tissue damage and longitudinal monitoring of demyelinating disease.
Self-Reported Stress and Coping Strategies of Occupational Therapy Faculty Employed at or Graduated from a Large Midwestern United States University

Abstract Purpose As occupational therapy programs grow , both in number of students and level of education provided, occupational therapy faculty face increasing workload expectations. Though the literature shows an increase in faculty workload across higher education, there is little research on how that increase is impacting faculty performance. This study explores current stress levels, how faculty use coping mechanisms to manage their stress levels, and what steps are still needed to support faculty at this time. Method Occupational therapy faculty were surveyed using a combination of the Perceived Stress Scale 10 item questionnaire, the Brief COPE, and short answer and multiple-choice questions about faculty mentorship, coping mechanisms, and current institutional support levels. Results This study informs occupational therapy programs on the current stress levels of faculty members and potential methods programs can use to reduce those levels. The participants reported moderate stress levels as well as a wide range of generally healthy coping mechanisms. Increased institutional support in stress management as a faculty development tool should be a priority as healthcare higher education expands.
How common are traumatic injuries to the epididymis? A study of prevalence, imaging appearance, and management implications

To evaluate the prevalence of epididymal injuries with scrotal trauma, review imaging appearance, clinical management, and outcomes. In this retrospective study, the radiology report database was queried for scrotal ultrasounds containing keywords pertaining to trauma, from 1998 to 2019. Exams with no clinically documented trauma, exams with trauma > 1 year ago, and duplicate exams were excluded. Chart review was conducted for age, trauma mechanism, time interval between trauma and ultrasound, signs of infection, and clinical management. Reports were reviewed to record the presence of scrotal injury, traumatic epididymitis, or epididymal hematoma. Cases with epididymal injury underwent image review. Descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney’s U test were performed to evaluate for associations between clinical parameters and epididymal injury. Initial search yielded 385 exams. A total of 103 exams met inclusion criteria. Trauma mechanisms included straddle injury (35%), blunt scrotal trauma by ball or other object (29%), assault (28%), penetrating injury (4%), and fall (3%). Sixty-eight patients (66%) had scrotal injury on imaging. Twenty-six (25%) had epididymal injury. Thirteen were isolated to the epididymis, and 13 had associated testicular or extra-testicular findings. There were 12 cases of traumatic epididymitis and 14 epididymal hematomas. All epididymal injuries were managed non-operatively. A total of 7 were prescribed antibiotics, including 1 subject who otherwise had no evidence of infection. Epididymal injury is encountered in 25% of scrotal ultrasounds for trauma evaluation. Traumatic epididymitis can be seen in 12%. It is important for radiologists to recognize this entity, as it can be mistaken for infection.
Experimental Validation of the Performance of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Ducts as Communication Channel at 60 GHz

We demonstrate heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts as viable and inexpensive high-speed communication links inside of buildings at millimeter (mm-wave) frequencies. HVAC ducts are hollow metal pipes which can be used as waveguides for mm-wave signals. Indoor communication at mm-wave using HVAC ducts outperforms the existing communication methods and the same has been validated through theoretical and extensive experimental results here. Measurement and system calculations show that a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of -$50\mathrm {d}\mathrm {B}\mathrm {m}$ and data rates in excess of 600 Mbps can be achieved over a distance of up to 8 m using HVAC ducts at 60 GHz.
Pace making and worker reassignment for assembly line rebalancing

The objective of this article is to develop a mathematical model that helps foremen rebalance assembly lines in real time. Assembly lines with a large number of workstations go through extensive line balancing to determine production rates. Once production begins, one or more workstations may not operate at predetermined production rates due to disturbances, and the assembly line requires rebalancing. Previous research largely focused on task reassignment for rebalancing. Effective and efficient tools for real-time line rebalancing are needed. This research focuses on rebalancing of unpaced and asynchronous assembly lines through pace making and worker reassignment. A mixed integer programming model is developed and its optimal solution determines which workstations pace up (increase production rates) and the amount of increase, which workstations pace down (decrease production rates) and the amount of decrease, and whether workers from certain workstations are reassigned to work at other workstations to decrease the production rates of the former and increase the production rates of the latter. Foremen may use these recommendations to rebalance assembly lines by adjusting production rates and reassigning workers. Numerical results show that the solution time of the model is less than one second, which enables real-time line rebalancing for large assembly lines.
Inhibitory interneurons in a brainstem circuit adjust their inhibitory motifs to process multimodal input

Key points Inhibitory-interneuron networks, consisting of multiple forms of circuit motifs including reciprocal (inhibitory interneurons inhibiting other interneurons) and feedforward (inhibitory interneurons inhibiting principal neurons) connections, are crucial in processing sensory information. The present study applies a statistical method to in vivo multichannel spike trains of dorsal cochlear nucleus neurons to disentangle reciprocal and feedforward-inhibitory motifs. After inducing input-specific plasticity, reciprocal and feedforward inhibition are found to be differentially regulated, and the combined effect synergistically modulates circuit output. The findings highlight the interplay among different circuit motifs as a key element in neural computation. Abstract Inhibitory interneurons play an essential role in neural computations by utilizing a combination of reciprocal (interneurons inhibiting each other) and feedforward (interneuron inhibiting the principal neuron) inhibition to process information. To disentangle the interplay between the two inhibitory-circuit motifs and understand their effects on the circuit output, in vivo recordings were made from the guinea pig dorsal cochlear nucleus, a cerebellar-like brainstem circuit. Spikes from inhibitory interneurons (cartwheel cell) and principal output neurons (fusiform cell) were compared before and after manipulating their common multimodal input. Using a statistical model based on the Cox method of modulated renewal process of spike train influence, reciprocal- and feedforward-inhibition motifs were quantified. In response to altered multimodal input, reciprocal inhibition was strengthened while feedforward inhibition was weakened, and the two motifs combined to modulate fusiform cell output and acoustic-driven responses. These findings reveal the cartwheel cell's role in auditory and multimodal processing, as well as illustrated the balance between different inhibitory-circuit motifs as a key element in neural computation.
Rules and reasons, public and private on the use and limits of simple rules 25 years later

The basic “simple rules” thesis holds that most legal relationships can be reduced to questions of autonomy, property acquisition, contract and tort on the private law side, and eminent domain and taxation on the public law side. This paper extends that analysis in three directions. First, it explains how a single-owner model drives this basic set of entitlements under conditions of universal consent, which are not matched in a state of nature. It then explains how when property rights derive from occupation instead of common ownership, a simplified set of entitlements offers the best path for incorporating the basic insights of the single-owner model. When, however, one or more parties deviate from these entitlements, the needed remedial adjustments typically must overcome uncertainty in trying to choose the proper mix of damages and specific relief in varying contexts. Once that private law framework is settled, the paper then identifies the central rule that governs the switch from private to public law: efficient entitlements should never be altered, but that new remedial design should improve the private law model by reducing the transactions costs needed to operate the overall system.
Active control of electron cyclotron emission radiometer channel frequencies for improved electron temperature measurements.

As advanced scenarios are developed for tokamak operations, the demand for flexibility of the electron cyclotron emission (ECE) channels’ locations has increased. The tunable feature of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) filters provides this spatial flexibility. Here, we present a method of performing ECE measurements on fixed flux surfaces instead of fixed frequencies. This is achieved by adjusting YIG filters utilized in the intermediate frequency section to frequencies associated with flux surfaces in regions of interest during the discharge. The key components are the application of tunable YIG filters and a control program that calculates the filter settings using flux information from real-time reconstruction equilibria (EFIT). This fast procedure facilitates Te measurements in regions of interest to investigate plasma dynamic behaviors.
Breast Reconstruction Completion in the Obese: Does Reconstruction Technique Make a Difference in Its Achievement?

Background Breast mound and nipple creation are the goals of the reconstructive process. Unlike in normal body mass index (BMI) women, breast reconstruction in the obese is associated with increased risk of perioperative complications. Our aim was to determine if reconstruction technique and the incidence of perioperative complications affect the achievement of reconstruction completion in the obese female. Methods Consecutive obese women (BMI ≥30) who underwent mastectomy and implant or autologous reconstruction were evaluated for the completion of breast reconstruction. Results Two hundred twenty-five women with 352 reconstructions were included. Seventy-four women underwent 111 autologous reconstructions and 151 women underwent 241 implant-based reconstructions. Chemotherapy, radiation, and delayed reconstruction timing was more common in the autologous patients. Major perioperative complications (requiring hospital readmission or unplanned surgery) occurred more frequently in the implant group (p ≤ 0.0001). Breast mounds were completed in >98% of autologous cases compared with 76% of implant cases (p ≤ 0.001). Nipple areolar complex (NAC) creation was completed in 57% of autologous patients and 33% of implant patients (p = 0.0009). The rate of successfully completing the breast mound and the NAC was higher in the autologous patient group (Mound odds ratio or OR 3.32, 95% confidence interval or CI 1.36–5.28 and NAC OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.50–4.69). Conclusion Occurrence of a major complication in the implant group decreased the rate of reconstruction completion. Obese women who undergo autologous breast reconstruction are more likely to achieve breast reconstruction completion when compared with obese women who undergo implant-based breast reconstruction.
Overseas Gonorrhea Screening Among Newly Arrived Refugees During 2018.

We assessed the overseas gonorrhea results reported in the CDC’s Electronic Disease Notification (EDN) system among refugees ≥ 15 years old who arrived in the United States during 2018. Of 18,720 refugees, 57 (0.4%) tested positive. Among those with a positive test, 31 (54.5%) were born in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, followed by 12 (21.1%) from Afghanistan. Thirty-three (57.9%) cases were female. Fifty-one cases (89.4%) were between 15 and 44 years of age; 25 (43.9%) were ages 15–24 and 26 (45.6%) were ages 25–44. Among the cases, 56 (98.2%) were treated overseas with the recommended therapy of ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Our findings suggest that the risk of gonorrhea in refugees is similar to that in the U.S. Given recent worldwide increases in gonorrhea, additional monitoring among refugees are necessary to assess the appropriateness of the gonorrhea screening requirement in the overseas medical examination.
William James and the Metaphysics of Experience

Acknowledgments Note on the text Introduction 1. James's radically empiricist Weltanschauung 2. From psychology to religion: pure experience and radical empiricism in the 1890s 3. The Varieties of Religious Experience: Indications of a philosophy adapted to normal religious needs 4. Squaring logic and life: making philosophy intimate in A Pluralistic Universe 5. Estimations and anticipations Select bibliography Index.
Flavonoids of citrus—VIII : Synthesis of Limocitrol, limocitrin and spinacetin

Abstract Allan-Robinson syntheses of limocitrol (3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxy-6,8,3′-trimethoxyflavone), limocitrin (3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxy-8,3′-dimethoxyflavone) and spinacetin (3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxy-6-3′- dimethoxyflavone) are described. The direction of ring closure to give limocitrin or spinacetin is determined by the blocking group (benzyl or benzoyl) at the 4-position of the B-ring component.
Development and evaluation of a laboratory based phasor measurement devices

In this paper, the development of a laboratory based phasor measurement unit (PMU) is presented. The developed PMU complies with the technical requirements of C37.118 synchrophasor standard and provides large number of time-synchronized measurements for a variety of laboratory based smart grid experiments. The prototype implementation was tested, evaluated and compared with commercial PMUs available at the smart grid test bed at Florida International University. The actual GPS antenna and receiver were used to provide standard timing (IRIG-B) signal. Through the developed embedded IRIG-B decoder, the trigger instance was retrieved. The deployed time information was used to trigger data acquisitions and consequently, to time-stamp the measurements such as frequency and voltage phasors. Finally, the collected information messages were reported to the phasor data concentrator (PDC) using synchrophasor protocol and compared with commercial PMUs. The results compare accurately and provide the user to implement a variety of test cases and training data to teach the many uses of PMUs.
Forest cover algorithms for estimating meteorological forcing in a numerical snow model

The architectural properties of a forest are known to significantly modify meteorological forcing of snowcover. This project develops four numerical modules to simulate canopy processes including attenuation of solar radiation and wind speed, the mixed sky and canopy components of longwave irradiance, and precipitation interception by canopy elements. The four modules and a more realistic atmospheric stability algorithm were included in the Utah Energy Balance (UEB) snow model to estimate water equivalence beneath coniferous and defoliated deciduous forests in northern Michigan. Systematic underestimation of early season snow depth was attributed to the assumption of constant, seasonal average, snow density in the model's lumped treatment of the snowpack processes. The modified UEB model (UEBMOD) improved estimation of snow depth in a clearing and beneath the coniferous site, whereas UEB with original forest parameterizations performed best for the deciduous site.
Extended-time demand bids: A new bidding framework to accommodate time-shiftable loads

Time-shiftable loads play an important role in creating load flexibility and enhancing demand response and peak-load shaving programs. However, recent studies have suggested that time-shiftable loads may face load synchronization and market instability if they are deployed at high penetrations such that they become price maker. To tackle this problem, in this paper, we propose a new demand bidding framework that recognizes the special characteristics of time-shiftable loads. The bids in this new bidding framework are called extended-time demand bids. They are either extended-time self-schedule bids or extended-time economic bids. The bidding concept, its visualization, and its mathematical representation are presented. Using the bids data in the California energy market, we show that the new bidding structure is beneficial not only to the power system as a whole but also to the consumers that are capable of shifting a portion of their loads. The new bidding structure also increases the market competitiveness due to expanding the competition domain and increasing demand elasticity with temporal dependencies.
Lymphomas of the Head and Neck: CT Findings at Initial Presentation

CT findings were reviewed in 68 patients with untreated head and neck lymphoma. More than half of the patients with either Hodgkin9s disease or non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma were detected in the earlier stages (stage I or II). Four types of abnormalities were identified with CT: nodal involvement alone (type 1), extranodal involvement alone (type 2), a combination of extranodal and nodal disease (type 3), and multifocal extranodal disease with or without nodal involvement (type 4). In the 18 patients with Hodgkin9s disease, a subgroup of mixed cellularity was most common; type 1 was the prevailing CT presentation, and no type 2 or 4 lesions were observed. In the 50 patients with non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma, diffuse large-cell lymphoma was the most common histologic subtype, and the most common CT presentation was type 2, followed by type 3. Lymphomatous nodes may be extensive and confluent, but often they are smaller than 2 cm and rarely are necrotized. The most frequent extranodal sites of head and neck lymphomas are Waldeyer9s ring, paranasal sinuses, and nasal cavity. Extranodal lymphoma cannot be differentiated reliably from the more commonly occurring carcinoma, although it is less often associated with invasion and destruction of adjacent bony structures. Multiple sites of extranodal involvement, with or without neck lymphadenopathy, may suggest a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma.
A spherical representation for the recognition of curved objects

The authors introduce a surface representation for recognizing curved objects. The approach begins by representing an object by a discrete mesh of points built from range data or from a geometric model of the object. The mesh is computed from the data by deforming a standard shaped mesh, for example, an ellipsoid, until it fits the surface of the object. Local regularity constraints that the mesh must satisfy are defined. A canonical mapping is then defined between the mesh describing the object and a standard spherical mesh. A surface curvature index which is pose-invariant is stored at every node of the mesh. This object representation is used for recognition by comparing the spherical model of a reference object with the model extracted from a new observed scene. It is shown that the similarity between reference model and observed data can be evaluated, and it is also demonstrated that the pose of the reference object in the observed scene can be easily computed using this representation. >
B Cell Receptor Rehabilitation--Pausing to Reflect

Immunologists have long been fascinated by how the immune system gets rid of immature B cells carrying antibody against self antigens before they can do any real damage. Clonal deletion (death) and clonal anergy (disability) are two mechanisms for inducing tolerance to self antigens in order to avoid autoimmunity. Recently, a third more parsimonious mechanism, receptor editing, has been described. However, it has been difficult to reconcile how cell death and receptor editing can coexist as distinct tolerance mechanisms. Even more contentious has been defining the stage in B cell development where these processes take place. Now, according to King and Monroe in their Perspective, recent work by Casellas et al. may have shed some light on these issues. Self-reactive B cells pause during their development in the bone marrow and attempt to remove the offending antibodies without destroying or inactivating the developing B cells that bear them. Those that fail to accomplish this are likely doomed to die.
Climate change: the cloud conundrum.

One of the great uncertainties in projecting global warming is accounting for the effects of small particles in Earth's atmosphere. Progress is nonetheless being made with this fiendishly complex problem.