cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Piaget’s Legacy: Cognition as Adaptive Activity

In the visual arts, “representation” usually means a copy or reproduction of some original. In that context it is clear that the original is always something the representer has seen, something that is the product of ordinary visual perception. With the introduction of the term in philosophical writings, the spurious question has arisen whether or not representations could reproduce, replicate, or correspond to things-in-themselves. The question was long ago given a negative answer on logical grounds by neurophysiology. Most arguments on the topic could have been avoided if one had followed Mark Baldwin, the pioneer of cognitive psychology, and had used the term “presentation” which has the added advantage of being a viable translation of the German “Vorstellung”.
Abstract B31: Tumor-intrinsic B7-H3 regulates drug resistance, metabolism, and pathogenesis in ovarian cancer

B7-H3 (CD276) is a cell surface glycoprotein of B7 family of checkpoint blockade proteins that has been considered a valuable novel biomarker and a promising target for cancer treatment. B7-H3 is overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers and is associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and poor patient outcome. In addition to its function in cancer immunity, B7-H3 also has tumor-intrinsic functions related to drug resistance, metabolic reprogramming, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. B7-H3 overexpression in the ovarian tumors and tumor vasculature has been reported and B7-H3 monoclonal antibodies have shown inhibitory effects in ovarian cancer xenograft studies. Nonetheless, the molecular pathways regulated by B7-H3 in ovarian cancer remain largely unknown. Here we explored the role of tumor intrinsic B7-H3 in ovarian cancer cells by genetic modulation of B7-H3 expression levels in ovarian cancer cells, using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated B7-H3 knockout and B7-H3 overexpression using retrovirus system for cell transduction. Knockout of B7-H3 in OV-90 cells, which showed high endogenous expression of B7-H3, resulted in decreased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation through downregulation of HIF1α, and its downstream target glycolytic proteins LDHA and PDK1. Furthermore, OV-90 B7-H3 KO cells showed decreased phosphorylation of the prosurvival protein STAT3, reduced clonogenic and migratory capability, and increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin. Overexpression of B7-H3 in TOV112D cells, which has low endogenous expression of B7-H3, resulted in the opposite effects, leading to increased glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, increased STAT3 phosphorylation, increased migration, and increased resistance to carboplatin. We also performed RNA-seq analysis of OV-90 B7-H3 WT and KO clones and found several signaling pathways involved in cell migration, adhesion, and inflammatory response. Finally, we found that the growth of OV-90 B7-H3 KO cells was dramatically defective in xenograft models using both athymic nude and SCID immunocompromised mice. These results suggest that tumor-intrinsic B7-H3 plays a critical role in the growth of ovarian cancer and warrants further investigation of therapeutic approaches blocking B7-H3 functions for the treatment of this deadly malignancy in women. Citation Format: Holly Taylor, Jaroslav Slamecka, Alla Musiyenko, Elaine Gavin, Tiffany S. Norton, Ileana Aragon, Taylor Young, Jennifer Scalici, Rodney P. Rocconi, Ming Tan, Luciana Madeira da Silva. Tumor-intrinsic B7-H3 regulates drug resistance, metabolism, and pathogenesis in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference: Addressing Critical Questions in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment; Oct 1-4, 2017; Pittsburgh, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(15_Suppl):Abstract nr B31.
Plant Systemic Immunity Comes Full Circle: A Positive Regulatory Loop for Defense Amplification.

The plant immune system is effective in conferring resistance to various invading pathogens and pests. Membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide binding domain, leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and
Definition of System Angle Reference for Distribution Level Synchronized Angle Measurement Applications

Distribution phasor measurement units (DPMUs) provide power grid operators unprecedented system monitoring opportunities with local-area, synchronized, low latency, and high-resolution measurements. All raw angle measurements in DPMUs require a common angle reference for comparison since the phase is likely to be shifted by transformers in distribution network. To obtain a robust reference under conditions of data loss or local oscillation, this letter proposes a definition of system angle reference for DPMU. The effectiveness of this system angle is validated via real measurement data collected by DPMUs.
Cytokine Release Syndrome with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells (CAR-Ts) targeting CD19 have resulted in unprecedented durable remissions for patients with relapsed and refractory B cell malignancies. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), resulting from rapid immune activation induced by CAR-Ts, is the most significant treatment-related toxicity. CRS initially manifests with fever and can progress to life-threatening capillary leak with hypoxia and hypotension. The clinical signs of CRS correlate with T cell activation and high levels of cytokines including IL-6. Tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor antagonist, is the standard for CRS management, but optimal timing of administration is unclear. The development of a supportive infrastructure by treatment centers is important to maintain safe administration as access expands. Collaborative efforts are underway to harmonize the definition and grading of CRS to allow for better interpretation of toxicities across CAR-T products and clinical trials and allow for informed management algorithms.
Navigating the unknown: A content analysis of the unique challenges faced by adults with rare diseases.

Living with a rare disease can present unique challenges not shared by individuals with common diseases. A content analysis explored which challenges, in participants’ own words, are most prevalent...
Sulfenate Intermediates in the Sulfoxide Glycosylation Reaction

The sulfoxide glycosylation reaction works remarkably well for many difficult glycosylations. We attribute this in part to the fact that an extremely reactive intermediate can be generated rapidly ...
From vacant land to urban fallows: a permacultural approach to wasted land in cities and suburbs

While vacant land in cities has long been considered a sign of decline, a growing literature now suggests that such land can serve valuable social and ecological functions. In this article, I argue that such approaches advocated to date, while beneficial, operate within a New Urbanist framework that is essentially concerned with filling in vacant land with new 'green' projects. Unfortunately, such approaches are limited by a conceptualization of the city that treats inner city vacant lots as paradigmatic and makes invisible the systematic creation of functionally vacant land through zoning and building practices in low-density residential areas. Inspired by degrowth scholarship, I suggest that permaculture may provide the basis for an alternative approach based in the concept of fallowing more suited to the full range of vacant land present in American cities and suburbs. I explore the implications of such an approach through the practice of two permaculture-inspired intentional communities in the Pacific Northwest. Key words: vacant land, permaculture, New Urbanism, intentional communities, commons, degrowth
Ubiquitin modification of cyclin G1 protein stability

5192 Cyclins G1 and G2 are unconventional cyclins correlated with cell cycle arrest that associate with active protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Cyclin G-family mRNAs are low in proliferating cells, but significantly upregulated during stress-induced cell cycle exit. Upon stress, the cyclin G1 gene is transactivated by p53, but the G2 gene is a target of the growth inhibitory transcription factor FOXO3a.We reported thatectopic expression of either cyclin G1 or G2 induces cell cycle arrest.Supporting our hypothesis that upregulation of G1 or G2 promotes growth arrest, multiple microarray studies of others have repeatedly correlated their elevation coincident with diverse cell cycle-inhibitory signals. Though cyclins G1 and G2 are close homologs, they differ in their subcellular localization and ability to associate with some binding partners. In a previous collaborative study we determined that cyclin G1 is an unstable protein subjected to proteasomal degradation in the presence of the E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase and p53 antagonist Mdm2, and that the level of G1 expression impacts its cell cycle effects. We showed that G1 associates with PP2A, p53, and Mdm2 . In the present study we investigated the regulation of cyclin G1 stability compared to G2, and evaluated the importance of G1 expression to growth inhibitory responses elicited by ectopic expression of the Mdm2 antagonist, p19ARF. Here we show that cyclin G1 is a polyubiquitinated protein that interacts with the 26S proteasome subunit S5a, and is targeted for degradation in the presence of abundant Mdm2. Inhibition of poly-Ub chain formation via ectopic expression of Ub-lysine mutants (K48R) increased the abundance of cyclin G1, and its association with both Mdm2 and PP2A. We used pulldown assays to map the respective regions required for cyclin G1-Mdm2 interactions and hypothesize that, because G1 is reduced in the presence of active Mdm2, it directly contributes to cyclin G1 downregulation. To determine the importance of site-specific ubiquitin modification of cyclin G1 for its stability and associated cell cycle inhibitory activity, we generated several cyclin G1 point mutants. We identified mutants that are stabilized in the presence of Mdm2 and appears to exhibit increased intrinsic cell cycle inhibitory activity. Using shRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous G1, we have preliminary evidence that the growth-arrest response elicited by ectopic expression of p19ARF is blunted upon cyclin G1 down-regulation. We are evaluating the cellular effects of these G1 mutations and the contribution of endogenous cyclins G1 and G2 to cell cycle arrest. Ub-modification of cell cycle regulatory proteins is central to growth control, and many human cancers exhibit alterations in p53 signaling pathways. Thus determining how cyclin G1 abundance is modulated (in the presence or absence of cyclin G2 expression), and the effect this has on tumor suppressor function is clearly warranted.
Wealth and obesity among US adults entering midlife.

Objective This study examines the relationship between wealth and obesity among adults entering midlife and whether this relationship varies by sex, race, and measure of wealth. Methods The data were obtained from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY-79). Population-averaged models were used to examine the associations between multiple measures of wealth and obesity among 6,979 respondents while controlling for education, occupation, income, and relevant sociodemographic variables. Results The analysis found a robust association between wealth and midlife obesity as well as heterogeneity in the wealth-obesity association across sex, race, and measure of wealth. With the exception of black men, net worth generally had a significant and inverse relationship with obesity. The net worth-obesity association was largest among women and was driven primarily by home value, in addition to savings and debt for black women. Although home value was significant for white men, the components of wealth were generally unrelated to obesity among men. Conclusions The association between wealth and obesity was generally robust but also complex, depending on sex, race, and measure of wealth. Research that does not consider multiple components of wealth may overlook the importance of economic resources in shaping obesity rates in the US population.
To Share or Not to Share? Differing Motivations and Deterrents in Two Collaborative Consumption Modes

Collaborative consumption (CC) or sharing economy—where consumers share access to cars, clothes, lodging, and other commodities—has gained tremendous popularity in recent years. In the fashion industry, the CC market is manifested by two distinct modes of exchange: access-based ownership and transfer of ownership. Although the business models of the two modes are different, most prior research has not distinguished between the two exchange contexts. In order for CC companies to develop more finely-tuned strategies, the purpose of this study is to explore consumers’ motivations for and deterrents against participation in collaborative fashion consumption across the two sharing modes, as well as to investigate consumers’ experiences with each mode.
DNA Origami Post-Processing by CRISPR-Cas12a

Customizable nanostructures built through the DNA-origami technique hold tremendous promise in nanomaterial fabrication and biotechnology. Despite the cutting-edge tools for DNA-origami design and preparation, it remains challenging to separate structural components of an architecture built from-thus held together by-a continuous scaffold strand, which in turn limits the modularity and function of the DNA-origami devices. To address this challenge, here we present an enzymatic method to clean up and reconfigure DNA-origami structures. We target single-stranded (ss) regions of DNA-origami structures and remove them with CRISPR-Cas12a, a hyper-active ssDNA endonuclease without sequence specificity. We demonstrate the utility of this facile, selective post-processing method on DNA structures with various geometrical and mechanical properties, realizing intricate structures and structural transformations that were previously difficult to engineer. Given the biocompatibility of Cas12a-like enzymes, this versatile tool may be programmed in the future to operate functional nanodevices in cells.
“How to Use Democracy” Videos as a Tool to Engage General Education Students

Political Science classrooms often treat justice as a natural outcome of democratic political institutions and processes. This paper highlights an assignment that asks students to produce a video explaining how-to use democracy to achieve justice. Students are required to identify an injustice, research causes and solutions, and present the information in a how-to video publicly available on YouTube. While doing the assignment, students explore the multiple options available to produce social change. This paper presents the scaffolded assignment components and assesses civic engagement outcomes using a pre and post survey administered to two sections of the course taught by the same instructor with only one section completing the video assignment. Results suggest that the video assignment required students to examine more closely the structural explanations for injustice as well as increased their sense of personal responsibility when witnessing injustice.
Hospitality faculty: are we meeting the demands of industry?

This study investigated the perceptions of hospitality industry professionals and faculty on the relevancy of hospitality management curriculum. The problem investigated the importance of hospitali...
Spatial and temporal variation in nest temperatures forecasts sex ratio skews in a crocodilian with environmental sex determination.

Species displaying temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) are especially vulnerable to the effects of a rapidly changing global climate due to their profound sensitivity to thermal cues duri...
Case 2: Diarrhea and Petechiae in an 8-year-old Girl

1. Jayson R. Baman, MD*,† 2. Nathaniel T. Townsand, MD‡ 3. Parker Hill, MD‡ 4. Ayesa Mian, MD‡ 1. *University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 2. †Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 3. ‡Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY A previously healthy 8-year-old girl is referred to the emergency department for acute-onset diarrhea with abdominal pain. This illness began 2 days earlier with coryza, nonproductive cough, and subjective fever, for which she took ibuprofen. She denies a change in urine output, mental status changes, headache, nausea, and emesis. She has not had recent travel. Her only home medication is a fiber supplement for chronic constipation. All immunizations are up to date except for the annual influenza vaccine. In the emergency department, her temperature is 104.2°F (40.1°C), heart rate is 77 beats/min, respiratory rate is 27 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. She was hypertensive, with a blood pressure of 117/81 mm Hg. She is pale, alert, cooperative, and not toxic-appearing. There is no periorbital edema or tonsillar enlargement, but palatine petechiae are present. Respirations are clear and unlabored. She is in regular rhythm without murmurs or gallops. Her abdomen is soft and nondistended, with normoactive bowel sounds. She is mildly tender in the right upper quadrant. She has a significant number of pretibial petechiae extending to the dorsa of her feet, and she demonstrates appropriate strength and muscle tone, with normal reflexes throughout. Initial laboratory findings are significant for creatinine level, 1.12 mg/dL (99.01 μmol/L); hematocrit level, 28%; platelet count, 9×103/μL (9×109/L); …
Distinguishing relational turbulence, marital satisfaction, and parenting stress as predictors of ineffective Arguing among parents of children with autism:

Relational turbulence theory suggests that relational turbulence causes pervasive patterns of dysfunctional communication in romantic relationships, such as an inability to resolve conflicts. Other...
Halide Homogenization and Cation Segregation in High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Compositional engineering related to the organic and inorganic cations (A-site) in halide perovskites solar cells has helped improve efficiency and long-term durability. However, this compositional complexity can lead to phase segregation that weakens the optoelectronic performance. Here, we show the halide distribution and cation distribution by means of synchrotron-based nanoprobe x-ray fluorescence. We find that the halide distribution homogenizes upon the addition of CsI and RbI precursors. The halide homogenization coincides with long-lived charge carrier decays. Additionally, we observe Rb-rich areas that phase segregate within the film and the Rb aggregates are identified to be recombination active using X-ray and E-beam induced current microscopy.
Effect of a pragmatic home-based mobile health exercise intervention after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a randomized pilot trial.

Aims Impaired physical function is common in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and associated with worse outcomes. Participation in centre-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after cardiovascular procedures is sub-optimal. We aimed to test a home-based mobile health exercise intervention as an alternative or complementary approach. Methods and results At five centres, after a run-in period, eligible individuals treated with TAVR were randomized 1:1 at their 1-month post-TAVR visit to an intervention group [activity monitor (AM) with personalized daily step goal and resistance exercises] or a control group for 6 weeks. Among 50 participants, average age was 76 years, 34% were female, average STS score was 2.91.8, and 40% had Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) 9. Daily compliance with wearing the AM and performing exercises averaged 8590%. In the intention to treat population, there was no evidence that the intervention improved the co-primary endpoints: daily steps +769 (95% CI 244 to +1783); SPPB +0.68 (0.27 to 1.53); and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire 1.7 (9.1 to 7.1). The intervention did improve secondary physical activity parameters, including moderate-to-intense daily active minutes (P<0.05). In a pre-specified analysis including participants who did not participate in CR (n=30), the intervention improved several measures of physical activity: +1730 (1003360) daily steps; +66 (28105) daily active minutes; +53 (2780) moderate-to-intense active minutes; and 157 (265 to 50) sedentary minutes. Conclusion Among selected participants treated with TAVR, this study did not provide evidence that a pragmatic home-based mobile health exercise intervention improved daily steps, physical performance or QoL for the overall cohort. However, the intervention did improve several measures of daily activity, particularly among individuals not participating in CR. Trial registry Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03270124.
The paradoxical relationship between severity of cerebral palsy and renal function in middle-aged adults: better renal function or inappropriate clinical assessment?

To determine the association between severity of cerebral palsy with serum creatinine (sCr) and sCr-based equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a marker of renal function.A clini...
Crossing the cervicothoracic junction in complex pediatric deformity using anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a case series.

Proximal instrumentation failure is a challenge in posterior spinal fusions (PSFs) crossing the cervicothoracic junction. High rates of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and loss of fixation have been reported. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we evaluate the utility of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in addition to traditional PSF crossing the cervicothoracic junction in order to mitigate implant-related complications. All patients who underwent PSF across the cervicothoracic junction with ACDF with 2 years of follow-up data were reviewed. We analyzed clinical, surgical, and radiographic measures such as operative details, presence of PJK, complications, instrumentation migration, curve angles, and vertebral translation. Measurements were compared statistically using paired samples t-tests. Ten patients (6 girls, 4 boys) met inclusion criteria with a mean age at surgery of 12.8 ± 3.3 years and follow-up of 3.38 ± 0.9 years. All patients underwent ACDF (range 1–3 levels), and 8 (80%) underwent traction. The average number of levels fused posteriorly was 16.7 ± 4.7 and anteriorly was 2.4 ± 0.7. The major coronal curve averaged 48.8 ± 34.7° preoperatively and 23.3±13.3° postoperatively (p = 0.028). The average major sagittal curve was 83.5 ± 24.2° preoperatively, resolving to 53.9 ± 25.5° (p=0.001). One patient suffered rod breakage at T7, and another developed symptomatic PJK 19 months postoperatively. Our data suggest that ACDF procedures added to PSFs crossing the cervicothoracic junction offer promise for reducing risk for instrumentation-related complications. ACDF also significantly helps improve and maintain both coronal and sagittal correction over 2 years. Level of Evidence: 4
Incorporation of a nucleoside analog maps genome repair sites in postmitotic human neurons

Neurons are the longest-lived cells in our bodies and lack DNA replication, which makes them reliant on a limited repertoire of DNA repair mechanisms to maintain genome fidelity. These repair mechanisms decline with age, but we have limited knowledge of how genome instability emerges and what strategies neurons and other long-lived cells may have evolved to protect their genomes over the human life span. A targeted sequencing approach in human embryonic stem cell-induced neurons shows that, in neurons, DNA repair is enriched at well-defined hotspots that protect essential genes. These hotspots are enriched with histone H2A isoforms and RNA binding proteins and are associated with evolutionarily conserved elements of the human genome. These findings provide a basis for understanding genome integrity as it relates to aging and disease in the nervous system.
The Heart of the Grand Canyon

Bradford Washburn’s (1910–2007) The Heart of the Grand Canyon map was born out of frustration. While visiting that iconic park with his wife Barbara in 1969, Washburn was ‘disturbed’ to find a tota...
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Robot-Assisted, Video-Assisted, and Open Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance The utilization of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) for esophageal cancer is increasing, despite limited data comparing RAMIE with other surgical approaches. Objective To evaluate the literature for clinical outcomes of RAMIE compared with video-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (VAMIE) and open esophagectomy (OE). Data sources A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, and Embase databases from January 1, 2013, to May 6, 2020, was performed. Study selection Studies that compared RAMIE with VAMIE and/or OE for cancer were included. Data extraction and synthesis Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline, data were extracted by independent reviewers. A random-effects meta-analysis of 9 propensity-matched studies was performed for the RAMIE vs VAMIE comparison only. A narrative synthesis of RAMIE vs VAMIE and OE was performed. Main outcomes and measures The outcomes of interest were intraoperative outcomes (ie, estimated blood loss [EBL], operative time, lymph node [LN] harvest), short-term outcomes (anastomotic leak, recurrent laryngeal nerve [RLN] palsy, pulmonary and total complications, and 90-day mortality), and long-term oncologic outcomes. Results Overall, 21 studies (2 randomized clinical trials, 11 propensity-matched studies, and 8 unmatched studies) with 9355 patients were included. A meta-analysis was performed with 9 propensity-matched studies comparing RAMIE with VAMIE. The random-effects pooled estimate found an adjusted risk difference (RD) of -0.06 (95% CI, -0.11 to -0.01) favoring fewer pulmonary complications with RAMIE. There was no evidence of differences between RAMIE and VAMIE in LN harvest (mean difference [MD], -1.1 LN; 95% CI, -2.45 to 0.25 LNs), anastomotic leak (RD, 0.0; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.03), EBL (MD, -6.25 mL; 95% CI, -18.26 to 5.77 mL), RLN palsy (RD, 0.01; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.10), total complications (RD, 0.05; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.11), or 90-day mortality (RD, -0.01; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.0). There was low certainty of evidence that RAMIE was associated with a longer disease-free survival compared with VAMIE. For OE comparisons (data not pooled), RAMIE was associated with a longer operative time, decreased EBL, and less pulmonary and total complications. Conclusions and relevance In this study, RAMIE had similar outcomes as VAMIE but was associated with fewer pulmonary complications compared with VAMIE and OE. Studies on long-term functional and cancer outcomes are needed.
Image Quality of Photoelectronic Imaging Systems and its Evaluation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the criteria for evaluating image quality of photoelectronic imaging systems. An imaging system is used to form an image that can be interpreted by the eye in terms of the scene viewed, and which contains visual information that is not available to the eye without the device. Except for the purely optical systems, which form aerial images, imaging systems form their images on a surface, usually plane. The basic problem in evaluating image quality is to determine and quantitatively evaluate the ways in which the visual information content in the image varies from that in the scene. A complete description of the image quality of an imaging system requires evaluation at the points distributed over the volume in image space extending over the entire area of the image plane, and between the extreme positions of the image plane for all wavelengths for which the system can be used, and over the illumination range for which the system is suited. In this chapter, concepts related to the point spread function are discussed. Details of the line spread function, the edge gradient and acutance are also provided. It also elaborates the basics of optical transfer function, contrast transfer function, and limiting.
Glycemic control influences lung membrane diffusion and oxygen saturation in exercise-trained subjects with type 1 diabetes: alveolar-capillary membrane conductance in type 1 diabetes.

Lung diffusing capacity (DLCO) is influenced by alveolar-capillary membrane conductance (DM) and pulmonary capillary blood volume (VC), both of which can be impaired in sedentary type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) subjects due to hyperglycemia. We sought to determine if T1DM, and glycemic control, affected DLNO, DLCO, DM, VC and SaO2 during maximal exercise in aerobically fit T1DM subjects. We recruited 12 T1DM subjects and 18 non-diabetic subjects measuring DLNO, DLCO, DM, and VC along with SaO2 and cardiac output (Q) at peak exercise. The T1DM subjects had significantly lower DLCO/Q and DM/Q with no difference in Q, DLNO, DLCO, DM, or VC (DLCO/Q = 2.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.7 ± 0.3, DM/Q = 2.8 ± 0.6 vs. 2.4 ± 0.5, non-diabetic and T1DM, p < 0.05). In addition, when considering all subjects there was a relationship between DLCO/Q and SaO2 at peak exercise (r = 0.46, p = 0.01). Within the T1DM group, the optimal glycemic control group (HbA1c <7%, n = 6) had higher DLNO, DLCO, and DM/Q than the poor glycemic control subjects (HbA1c ≥7%, n = 6) at peak exercise (DLCO = 38.3 ± 8.0 vs. 28.5 ± 6.9 ml/min/mmHg, DLNO = 120.3 ± 24.3 vs. 89.1 ± 21.0 ml/min/mmHg, DM/Q = 3.8 ± 0.8 vs. 2.7 ± 0.2, optimal vs. poor control, p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between HbA1c with DLCO, DM and DM/Q at peak exercise (DLCO: r = −0.70, p = 0.01; DM: r = −0.70, p = 0.01; DM/Q: r = −0.68, p = 0.02). These results demonstrate that there is a reduction in lung diffusing capacity in aerobically fit athletes with T1DM at peak exercise, but suggests that maintaining near-normoglycemia potentially averts lung diffusion impairments.
Jealousy Graphs: Structure and Complexity of Decentralized Stable Matching

The stable matching problem has many applications to real world markets and efficient centralized algorithms are known. However, little is known about the decentralized case. Several natural randomized algorithmic models for this setting have been proposed but they have worst case exponential time in expectation. We present a novel structure associated with a stable matching on a matching market. Using this structure, we are able to provide a finer analysis of the complexity of a subclass of decentralized matching markets.
Utilization of a 5-Meter Walk Test in Evaluating Self-selected Gait Speed during Preoperative Screening of Patients Scheduled for Cardiac Surgery.

Purpose The 5-Meter Walk Test (5MWT) has been recommended for use by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons as an outcome measure in the Adult Cardiac Surgery Database to predict frailty in individuals who are candidates for cardiac surgery. However, there are no published reports of performance on this test in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide descriptive analysis of the 5MWT for individuals who were candidates for cardiac surgery.
5'-->3'-exoribonuclease from rabbit reticulocytes.

Publisher Summary It has been demonstrated that 5′ → 3′-ribonucleases play an important role in the decay of mRNAs in yeast cells. A 5′ → 3′-ribonuclease from yeast cells named Xrn1p has been purified and cloned. Other 5′ → 3′-exoribonucleases have been partially purified from nuclei of mammalian cells. Coutts and Brawerman found that extracts of mouse sarcoma 180 cells possess a 5′ → 3′-exoribonuclease that can cleave both capped and uncapped mRNA. They observed that the initial cleavage of the substrate could occur at either the first, second, or probably the third phosphodiester linkage in some RNAs. The purification and characterization of a 5′→ 3′-exoribonuclease from rabbit reticulocytes that degrades capped and uncapped RNAs has been reported. This chapter summarizes information about the reticulocyte enzyme. The exoribonuclease appeared to be reasonably stable when stored at -70°C. No significant loss in activity was observed over a 3-month period. The enzyme was heat labile. Incubation for 10 min at 45°C led to loss of about 90%of activity. The purified enzyme possessed a normal ultraviolet spectrum and appeared to be free of nucleic acids or nucleotides.
Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Gene 1A (SH2D1A)

This article has no abstract. Keywords: Src homology 2 domain-containing gene 1A (SH2D1A)
The Self-Similar Structure of Molecular Clouds

Information on the structure of the interstellar clouds is contained in both spatial maps and spectral profiles of molecular gas emission lines. In this paper, we show that non gaussian aspects of line profiles are found at all scales. This excess wing emission is shown to be generated in dense gas. From a study of the moments of the lines as a function of scale size, we deduce a break-down in the exactness of self-similarity in the hierarchical structure of the interstellar clouds.
Dating violence: A research review and comparison with spouse abuse.

As a result of recent professional concern with issues of family violence, a new type of interpersonal violence has been identified—dating violence or premarital abuse among high school and college...
Reproductive exposures, incident age-related cataracts, and age-related maculopathy in women: the Beaver Dam Eye Study

Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship of reproductive exposures and incident age-related cataract and maculopathy in women. METHODS: This was a population-based cohort study including all adults 43 to 84 years of age living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin (a representative midwestern community) who were identified during a census in 1987 to 1988. They were evaluated initially in 1988 to 1990 and at follow-up in 1993 to 1995. Evaluations included medical histories and both fundus and lens photography. All procedures were done according to protocols that were the same at both examinations. All photographs were graded by trained observers using defined grading schemes. The severities of age-related cataracts and maculopathy were determined by grading of photographs. Information on hormone exposures was ascertained from structured interviews. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, the only significant finding for lens end points was a trend indicating a possible protective effect of increasing number of live births and incident posterior subcapsular cataract. There were no significant associations of any reproductive exposure with lesions of early or late age-related maculopathy. CONCLUSIONS: In these population-based data, there is little evidence of association of hormone exposures with incident age-related eye disease in women 5 years later. Longer follow-up of this population, whose mean age is approaching that of heightened incidence, may disclose significant relationships.
Characterization of inertial measurement unit placement on the human body upon repeated donnings

Accurate estimations of variability in multiple donnings of sensor suites may aid algorithm development for wearable motion capture systems that make use of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs). The accuracy of any algorithm incorporating these sensors is limited by the accuracy of the sensor to segment calibration. When either sensor placement (use by a non-expert) or limb motion during calibration (natural human variation) vary, the estimations are affected. In this study, 22 participants self-placed IMUs on three locations and performed six prescribed motions during each of these five donnings. For absolute placement of the sensors, the chest location mean was less than the forearm, which was less than the bicep. For sensor orientation, the opposite ordering of location was found. No difference in sensor rotation was found between the bicep and forearm, but both locations differed from the chest location. Results were analyzed at the beginning of prescribed motions.
Clinical use of thiazolidinediones: recommendations.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by progressive β-cell secretory dysfunction against a background of insulin resistance, which is present many years before the onset of hyperglycemia in most patients. Intensive treatment of diabetes reduces the risk of the onset and progression of microvascular complications and may impact the risk of development of macrovascular complications, notably coronary artery disease. Therefore, aggressive treatment with the goal of achieving serum glucose concentrations as close to normal as possible is warranted. Although medical nutritional therapy and exercise remain the cornerstones of therapy for type 2 diabetes, >90% of patients ultimately require pharmacologic therapy, and most need >1 agent to achieve therapeutic objectives. When considering which agent or agents to use to treat type 2 diabetes, one must consider the mechanism of action of the drug, its ability to lower serum glucose concentrations, the durability of effect, and potential adverse effects. In addition, some medications have potential benefits that extend beyond glucose lowering. These include beneficial effects on the adverse metabolic consequences of insulin resistance and possibly β-cell preservation. Thiazolidinediones should be considered as early as possible in the natural history of type 2 diabetes because of their persistent glucose-lowering effect and their ability to reduce insulin resistance as well as because these agents may preserve β-cell function and reverse some of the adverse metabolic consequences of insulin resistance.
Electroconvulsive treatment compared with electrocardioversion: a source of ideas.

Summary Information concerning the electrical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias is compared with information about electroconvulsive therapy. The role of antiarrhythmic drugs is compared with antidepressant drugs and the drugs are discussed in relationship with their supplementation of electrotherapy. It is suggested that comparison of electrotherapy of the heart and of the brain may result in additional testable hypotheses concerning the physiology of these organs.
Sirolimus‐Eluting Stents versus Paclitaxel‐Eluting Stents in Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency

Background: Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) is associated with an increased incidence of restenosis and stent thrombosis. Drug-eluting stents (DES), when compared to bare metal stents (BMS), reduce the incidence of restenosis in these patients. This study aimed to examine whether there are differences in clinical outcome after implantation of sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) versus paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) in patients with CRI who are subjected to coronary intervention. Methods: A cohort of 570 patients with CRI who underwent intervention with DES (346 with SES and 224 with PES) were followed clinically up to 1 year and the clinical events were recorded and compared between groups. Results: Baseline and procedural characteristics were similar, with a slightly higher number of diseased vessels in the SES group as compared to the PES group (2.3 ± 0.9 vs 2.1 ± 0.9, P = 0.06). The overall rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and stent thrombosis were similar. The PES group had lower revascularization rates when compared to the SES group. After covariate adjustment, however, there was no difference seen in target vessel revascularization between stent types (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.3 [0.8–6.2], P = 0.110). The strongest predictor of death and MACE at 1 year was the number of diseased vessels. Conclusions: Patients with CRI who undergo PCI with either SES or PES have similar repeat revascularization rates and acceptable stent thrombosis rates, although they continue to have high MACE and death rates. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:33–39)
Transonic gliding edge dislocations/slip pulse near and on an interface/fault

Three problems are solved in this paper that are related to transonic earthquakes. (1) The shear shock Mach wave emanating from a transonic gliding edge dislocation which impacts an interface. (2) A transonic edge dislocation gliding parallel and near to an interface. (3) The transonic edge dislocation gliding on the interface itself. The dislocation is in uniform or quasi-uniform motion. The interface separates isotropic elastic material of slightly different properties. The first and last problems are essentially the same. The problems are solved with the building blocks of Mach waves, with logarithmic and arctan distributions of infinitesimal shock waves and with subsonic (with respect to longitudinal wave velocities) glide edge and climb edge dislocations. The need for the smeared infinitesimal shock wave distributions is an interesting feature of the solutions. Distributions of infinitesimal smeared Mach waves will exist wherever physical discontinuities exist near a transonic dislocation. A slip pulse of infinitesimal moving edge dislocations can be self sharpening because of attractive forces between like sign dislocations in certain velocity ranges.
Integrable one-dimensional heavy fermion lattice model

Abstract We consider a one-dimensional lattice gas of interacting electrons embedding a finite concentration of magnetic impurities. The host electrons propagate with nearest neighbor hopping t, constrained by the excluded multiple occupancy of the lattice sites, and interact with electrons on neighboring sites via spin exchange J and a charge interaction (t-J model). The host is integrable at the supersymmetric point, J = 2t, where charges and spin form a graded FFB superalgebra. Without destroying the integrability we introduce a finite concentration of mixed-valent impurities with two magnetic configurations of spin S and (S + 1 2 ) , respectively, which hybridize with the conduction states of the host. We derive the Bethe ansatz equations diagonalizing the correlated host with impurities and discuss the ground-state properties as a function of magnetic field and the Kondo exchange coupling. While for an isolated impurity the ground state is magnetic of effective spin S, a finite concentration of impurities introduces an additional Dirac sea (the impurity band), which gives rise to a singlet ground state. The impurities are antiferromagnetically correlated and frustrated in zero-field. As a function of field first the narrow impurity band is spin polarized. The van Hove singularities of the spindashrapidity bands define critical fields at which the susceptibility diverges. The number of itinerant electrons and the concentration of impurities can be varied continuously, so that the Kondo problem, the supersymmetric t-J model and the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain are contained as special limits. The properties of the model are related to heavy fermion alloys and the Kondo lattice.
Cerebellar excitatory amino acid binding sites in normal, granuloprival, and Purkinje cell-deficient mice.

Using quantitative autoradiography, the cellular localization and characterization of cerebellar excitatory amino acid binding sites in normal, Purkinje cell-deficient and granuloprival (granule cell-deficient) mouse cerebella were investigated. In the molecular layer of normal mouse cerebellum, the quisqualate subtype of excitatory amino acid receptor (assayed by[3H](RS)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate, quisqualate-sensitivel-[3H]glutamate, and [3H]6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione binding) predominated. In the granule cell layer of the cerebellum,N-methyl-d-aspartate-sensitivel-[3H]glutamate and [3H]glycine binding sites were predominant. In the molecular layer of Purkinje cell-deficient mutant mice,[3H](RS)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate binding sites and [3H]6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione binding were reduced to 24% (P < 0.01) and 36% (P < 0.001) of control, respectively, while quisqualate-sensitive [3H]glutamate binding sites were reduced to 54% of control (P < 0.01).N-Methyl-d-aspartate-sensitive [3H]glutamate and [3H]glycine binding were unchanged. In the granule cell layer of these mouse cerebella, there was no change in excitatory amino acid receptor binding. In the molecular layer of granuloprival mouse cerebella,[3H](RS)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxa-zole-4-propionate binding was increased to 205% of control (P < 0.01), [3H]6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione binding was increased to 136% of control (P < 0.02), and quisqualate-sensitive [3H]glutamate binding was increased to 152% of control (P < 0.01).N-Methyl-d-aspartate-sensitive [3H]glutamate and [3H]glycine binding were unchanged. In areas of granule cell depletionN-methyl-d-aspartate-sensitive [3H]glutamate and [3H]glycine binding were reduced to 68% (P <0.01) and 59% (P < 0.01) of control, respectively. In the granule cell layer, binding to quisqualate receptors was not significantly different from binding in controls with any of the ligands tested. These results suggest that three different receptor assays:[3H](RS)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxa-zole-4-propionate, quisqualate-sensitivel-[3H]glutamate, and [3H]6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione binding can be used to demonstrate that quisqualate receptor specific binding sites are located on Purkinje cell dendrites in the molecular layer of cerebellum, and that these binding sites apparently up-regulate in response to granule cell ablation and Purkinje cell deafferentation.
A network model and simulation analysis of a journal review process

Abstract The manuscript review process is of special interest to two groups: academicians comtemplating the submission of a paper for publication; and, editors and publishers involved in journal publication. Two aspects of special interest are (1) the probability of successfully negotiating the various hurdles to ultimate publication, and (2) the expected time to response from the editorial offices of the journal. The purpose of this paper is to accurately portray the manuscript review process of an existing journal (not CAOR), and to provide summary statistics concerning outcome probabilities and response times. The review process is depicted as a GERT network showing outcome branching possibilities and possible paths to success or failure. The network model is simulated 1000 times to provide summary data on response times at various critical stages in the review process.
Gradient moment smoothing: A new flow compensation technique for multi-shot echo-planar imaging

This work identifies an additional source of phase error across ky in multi-shot echo-planar imaging resulting from flow or motion along the phase-encoding direction. A velocity-independent flow compensation technique, gradient moment smoothing, is presented that corrects this error by forcing the phase to have smooth quadratic behavior. The correction is implemented, without compromising scan time, by changing the first moment of a bipolar prephaser pulse on a shot-by-shot basis. In phantom and in vivo experiments, gradient moment smoothing effectively eliminates ghosting and signal loss due to phase-encoding flow. When used in conjunction with a “flyback” echo-planar readout, which compensates for flow in the frequency-encoding direction, gradient moment smoothing renders multi-shot echo-planar imaging relatively insensitive to in-plane flow. This can make multi-shot echo-planar imaging a viable technique for accurately imaging in-plane flow and may desensitize it to the otherwise serious problem of in-plane motion.
Improved radon based imaging using the shearlet transform

Many imaging modalities, such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), can be described mathematically as collecting data in a Radon transform domain. The process of inverting the Radon transform to form an image can be unstable when the data collected contain noise so that the inversion needs to be regularized in some way. In this work, we develop a method for inverting the Radon transform using a shearlet-based decomposition, which provides a regularization that is nearly optimal for a general class of images. We then show through a variety of examples that this technique performs better than similar competitive methods based on the use of the wavelet and the curvelet transforms.