cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
It's about the Students.

The recent Boston ACS National Meeting had something for everyone—technical lectures, sessions on communicating chemistry to the public, awards recognizing chemistry greatness, and networking opportunities aimed at advancing and reinventing careers. I had the privilege of participating in several such events, but one that stood out as especially memorable was the symposium organized by the chemistry graduate students of the University of Minnesota—the 2015 Graduate Student Symposium Planning Committee (GSSPC). Sponsored by the ACS Division of Chemical Education (CHED) with a different university chosen for each ACS National Meeting, the GSSPC comprising student groups that win a proposal-based competition by designing and presenting an innovative symposium topic, judged by a review panel that is composed of the previous year’s GSSPC. The torch is thus passed from institution to institution. Not surprisingly, the list of past winning institutions represents many top-ranked chemistry graduate programs with students who have vision, ambition and passion for their field. This is the second time I have been invited to present at a GSSPC symposium. When Caltech students put together a star-studded lineup for the San Diego ACS National Meeting in 2012, I was struck by the luminary speakers whom we faculty have a hard time recruiting to speak in our fancy departmental colloquia. I shared the stage with a Nobel Laureate, three now Priestley Medal winners and a fellow MacArthur Fellowship Awardee. This year, with the theme of “Academic Innovations for Tomorrow’s Industries”, UMN recruited several successful entrepreneurs, National Academy Members and a Nobel Laureate. The speakers were asked to talk about the process of translating academic science into commercial enterprises and products. We heard about new biomedical implant materials, fabrication methods that promise to beat Moore’s law, drug-delivery strategies, novel 3D printing methods and solar-powered fuel cells. I was particularly interested to hear the various pathways by which success was achieved, as diverse, surprising, entertaining and wonderful as the science itself. How did the students manage to collect this constellation of powerhouse scientists into one room on the same day? The same reason all student-driven events blow away the field: nothing is more motivating, even to the busiest and most callous scientist, than talented and driven students asking for their next source of inspiration. This is the reason many of us chose career paths focused on education and mentorship in the first place. These students impressed me even more than the A-list speakers they invited. Our future is bright indeed with this generation of chemists soon taking the helm. Keep your eyes on the schedule for the March 2016 GSSPC installment on molecular imaging, courtesy of the students of Purdue! The crowd watches the morning session talks intently and ACS Central Science Editorial Advisory Board member Joseph DeSimone (UNC Chapel Hill) discusses his transformative work on Carbon3D printing. Photo credits: Kailey Soller and Leon Lillie.
Abstract 3627: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in African Americans: A simple oral rinse detection test using solCD44 and total protein

The burden of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is greater for African Americans (AA) than for Whites with both incidence and disease-specific mortality higher in AA. Early detection tests are needed because the majority of patients present in late stage when cure rates reach only 40%. Our group has developed a prototype early detection test based on soluble CD44 (solCD44) and total protein levels that is simple, inexpensive and noninvasive. Subjects included 21 HNSCC AA patients and 68 AA controls recruited from the University of Miami Hospital and Clinics, Jackson Memorial Hospital and Liberty City Community in Miami-Dade County. The majority of cases and controls come from underserved populations of low SES. A one-way ANOVA of the two cancer types and controls followed by pairwise comparisons using the Student t-test, and comparison of all cases vs. controls using the contrast method were computed. The effects of solCD44 and total protein on the risk of being a case was evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. We report odds ratio (OR) estimates with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and area under the curve (AUC) of the operating characteristic curve (ROC) for all fitted models. The groups did not differ in regards to gender (p=0.684), but did differ significantly in age (cases were older, mean 60 vs. 50, p 2 solCD44 and total protein showed significantly elevated levels in cases compared to controls (2.12 vs. 0.76, p 2 solCD44 and total protein at p 2 solCD44, on total protein, and between markers were carried out, and there were no interactions found. Our preliminary data on AA underserved populations show great promise for detecting HNSCC. In addition, our findings strongly suggest that race, gender and age are very important components for HNSCC early detection studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3627. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3627
Relations between cell growth and cell division. I. Reduced weight, cell volume, protein content, and nuclear volume of amoeba proteus from division to division.

Abstract The growth in weight of single amoebae over the life cycle was measured by means of the cartesian diver balance. Cell growth in volume and protein, and growth in the volume of the nucleus were followed over the cell cycle employing small groups of amoebae in synchronous growth. Growth of the cell is most rapid immediately following division. The rate declines steadily through most of the interphase and virtually ceases during the period of about four hours before division. Nuclear growth is rapid following division but falls to a lower rate during most of the interphase. During the several hours prior to division, when cell growth has stopped, the nuclear volume increases rapidly.
Aromatizing Olefin Metathesis by Ligand Isolation inside a Metal– Organic Framework

The aromatizing ring-closing metathesis has been shown to take place inside an extended porous framework. Employing a combination of solvent-assisted linker exchange and postsynthesis modification using olefin metathesis, the noninterpenetrated SALEM-14 was formed and converted catalytically into PAH-MOF-1 with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pillars. The metal–organic framework in SALEM-14 prevents “intermolecular” olefin metathesis from occurring between the pillars in the presence of the first generation Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst, while favoring the production of a PAH, which can be released from the framework under acidic conditions in dimethylsulfoxide.
Plasmid Dynamics in KPC-Positive Klebsiella pneumoniae during Long-Term Patient Colonization

ABSTRACT Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains are formidable hospital pathogens that pose a serious threat to patients around the globe due to a rising incidence in health care facilities, high mortality rates associated with infection, and potential to spread antibiotic resistance to other bacterial species, such as Escherichia coli. Over 6 months in 2011, 17 patients at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center became colonized with a highly virulent, transmissible carbapenem-resistant strain of K. pneumoniae. Our real-time genomic sequencing tracked patient-to-patient routes of transmission and informed epidemiologists’ actions to monitor and control this outbreak. Two of these patients remained colonized with carbapenemase-producing organisms for at least 2 to 4 years, providing the opportunity to undertake a focused genomic study of long-term colonization with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Whole-genome sequencing studies shed light on the underlying complex microbial colonization, including mixed or evolving bacterial populations and gain or loss of plasmids. Isolates from NIH patient 15 showed complex plasmid rearrangements, leaving the chromosome and the bla KPC -carrying plasmid intact but rearranging the two other plasmids of this outbreak strain. NIH patient 16 has shown continuous colonization with bla KPC -positive organisms across multiple time points spanning 2011 to 2015. Genomic studies defined a complex pattern of succession and plasmid transmission across two different K. pneumoniae sequence types and an E. coli isolate. These findings demonstrate the utility of genomic methods for understanding strain succession, genome plasticity, and long-term carriage of antibiotic-resistant organisms. IMPORTANCE In 2011, the NIH Clinical Center had a nosocomial outbreak involving 19 patients who became colonized or infected with bla KPC -positive Klebsiella pneumoniae. Patients who have intestinal colonization with bla KPC -positive K. pneumoniae are at risk for developing infections that are difficult or nearly impossible to treat with existing antibiotic options. Two of those patients remained colonized with bla KPC -positive Klebsiella pneumoniae for over a year, leading to the initiation of a detailed genomic analysis exploring mixed colonization, plasmid recombination, and plasmid diversification. Whole-genome sequence analysis identified a variety of changes, both subtle and large, in the bla KPC -positive organisms. Long-term colonization of patients with bla KPC -positive Klebsiella pneumoniae creates new opportunities for horizontal gene transfer of plasmids encoding antibiotic resistance genes and poses complications for the delivery of health care.
“Outlaw Pete”: Bruce Springsteen and the Dream-Work of Cosmic American Music

During the 2006 Seeger Sessions tour, Springsteen shared his deep identification with the internal struggle implied by old spirituals like “Jacob’s Ladder.” While the Magic album seemed to veer wide of the Seeger Sessions ethos, Working on a Dream re-engages mythically with what Greil Marcus would call “old, weird America” and Gram Parsons deemed “cosmic American music.” Working suggests the universe operates according to “cosmic” principles of justice, judgment, and salvation, but is best understood from the standpoint of what Freud would call “dream work” and “dream thoughts.” As unfolded in Frank Caruso’s illustrations for the picturebook alter ego of Working ‘s “Outlaw Pete,” these dynamics may allude to Springsteen’s conflicted relationship with his father.
Improvements in Receiver Intermodulation Rejection Tests

This paper introduces some of the efforts recently inaugurated at the Army Electronics Command to develop the next generation of receiver susceptibility limits. These new limits will be based on a statistical scoring technique and therefore, require that a receiver's susceptibility characteristics be completely described. To insure that the level of test effort is contained within a reasonable scope, associated test methods will emphasize integration of engineering analysis with collection of measured data. In the process of developing applicable analysis models for receiver intermodulation rejection requirements, it was determined that most present test specifications and procedures are based on inadequate rule of thumb guidelines rather than fundamental engineering laws. Additionally, it was established that all test data has been derived by sampling only a very few (usually three) test frequencies with no consideration to how the total number and relative amplitudes of intermodulation responses varied with receiver dial frequency. To eliminate the above shortcomings, a detailed frequency analysis model has been derived which establishes the interrelationships between receiver dial frequency IF, local oscillator frequency, IM response order and total number of probable IM responses. The paper presents the above derivation, illustrates its application to common EMI receivers and summarizes' measured data in support of stated conclusions. The objective is to show that application of engineering analysis can produce more informative data in terms of worst case and typical performance characteristics while simultaneously removing existing redundancy in data collection' The. information content is directly applicable to preparation of (l) EMI Control and Test. Plans as required by MIL-STD's 461, 462 and 469; (2) interference prediction analysis as specified in MIL-E-6051D; (3) collection of spectrum signature under MIL-STD-469; (4) frequency assignments for.cosite installations, and (5) inputs for receiver design tradeoff studies.
Health Hazards in the Home: An Assessment of a Southern Nevada Community.

As a sub-grantee of a Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Lead Hazard Control and Healthy Homes Program, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas’ Department of Environmental and Occupational Health performed lead and Healthy Homes investigations and collected data regarding conditions in the home environment in Henderson, Nevada. The purpose of this research is to characterize housing conditions in southern Nevada, compare data to census data, and to highlight the health outcomes associated with adverse housing conditions. Visual home assessments were conducted in 106 homes in southern Nevada, and specific hazards were characterized using the Healthy Homes Rating System. The results were then compared, when possible, to American Housing Survey (AHS) data for the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Lead, domestic hygiene, carbon monoxide, damp and mold, excess cold and heat, and structural collapse were the most frequently identified hazards, found in at least 101 (90%) of participant households. Median household income of program participants was half (50%) that of the surrounding zip code, which was expected, as classification as “low-income” by HUD standards was a requirement for participation. Our data indicated that the AHS data may not be representative of very low income housing in southern Nevada and may underreport actual conditions. In-home inspections performed by trained personnel provide a more accurate picture of conditions than the self-report method used by the AHS. In addition, we recommend the development of a standardized Healthy Homes visual assessment tool to allow for the comparison of housing conditions between communities.
Surrogate End Points for Overall Survival in Metastatic, Locally Advanced, or Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 24 Randomized Controlled Trials

Overall survival (OS) has traditionally been the primary end point in studies evaluating the clinical benefit of first-line chemotherapy in metastatic, locally advanced, or unresectable pancreatic cancer (MLAUPC). Given the prolonged follow-up assessment required to obtain OS and its potential to be confounded by second-line treatments, this study sought to determine whether progression-free survival (PFS), response rate (RR), or disease control rate (DCR) can serve as a reliable surrogate for OS. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed including all phase 3 clinical trials for MLAUPC, with gemcitabine as the control arm of the trial. The hazard ratios (HRs) for OS and PFS and odds ratios (ORs) for RR and DCR were recorded. A weighted Pearson correlation coefficient was estimated for the association between OS and the other outcomes. The primary analysis used a random effects weighting model, whereas the secondary analyses used a fixed effects- or sample size-weighted approach. For the study, 24 randomized controlled trials were identified. The Pearson correlation coefficient between OS and PFS was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.94; p < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis of the studies with little to no crossover further showed a correlation coefficient of 0.91 (95% CI 0.76–0.97; p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between OS and RR was 0.45 (95% CI 0.07–0.72; p = 0.02) and between OS and DCR was 0.74 (95% CI 0.38–0.90; p < 0.001). First-line chemotherapy trials for MLAUPC show a robust correlation between OS and PFS, affirming its role as a surrogate of OS.
Ultrasound Measurement of the Cross-Sectional Area of the Median Nerve: The Effect of Teaching on Measurement Accuracy:

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of concise instruction and guidance on the accuracy of measuring the cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel ...
Community perspectives on substance use among Bhutanese and Iraqi refugees resettled in the United States.

ABSTRACTPremigration trauma and postmigration stressors put refugees at high risk for mental health concerns, including substance use. However, there is limited systematic research on substance use...
Hyperlipidemia: Prevention and Management

The relationship between diet and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is clearly established. The available data support the recommendation to displace dietary saturated and trans -fatty acids with unsaturated, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids. Additional recommendations include maintaining a moderate total fat intake and consuming at least two fish meals per week and adequate fiber. Daily consumption of phytosterols can have an additive dietary effect on normalizing plasma lipoprotein profiles. Data do not support the use of vitamin supplements to prevent or treat CVD. Attainment and maintenance of a healthy body weight is an essential component of any lifestyle modifications to reduce CVD risk.
The Pathogenicity and Molecular Biology of Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus

Infection of guinea pigs with guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) results in an acute infection followed by chronic persistent infection. The severity of the acute phase of infection is dependent upon the strain of the host and whether the host is pregnant. During the persistent phase of infection, virus persists in the salivary glands, the pancreas, and lymphoid tissues. GPCMV infects the placenta of pregnant guinea pigs, crosses the placenta and infects the fetuses. Transplacental transmission of the virus can occur throughout the entire gestation period. The molecular cloning of approximately 97% of the GPCMV genome has made it possible to determine the DNA structure, generate restriction endonuclease maps of the DNA, identify regions of DNA sequence homology with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), begin to analyze patterns of transcription, and detect GPCMV infection in cultured cells by in situ hybridization.
Ultra-fast cellular contractions in the epithelium of T. adhaerens and the "active cohesion" hypothesis

By definition of multi-cellularity, all animals need to keep their cells attached and intact, despite internal and external forces. Cohesion between epithelial cells provides this key feature. In order to better understand fundamental limits of this cohesion, we study the epithelium mechanics of an ultra-thin (~25 um) primitive marine animal Trichoplax adhaerens, composed essentially of two flat epithelial layers. With no known extra-cellular-matrix and no nerves or muscles, T. adhaerens was claimed the "simplest known living animal", yet is still capable of coordinated locomotion and behavior. Here we report the discovery of the fastest epithelial cellular contractions to date to be found in T. adhaerens dorsal epithelium (50% shrinkage of apical cell area within one second, at least an order of magnitude faster than known examples). Live imaging reveals emergent contractile patterns that are mostly sporadic single-cell events, but also include propagating contraction waves across the tissue. We show that cell contraction speed can be explained by current models of non-muscle actin-myosin bundles without load, while the tissue architecture and unique mechanical properties are softening the tissue, minimizing the load on a contracting cell. We propose a hypothesis, in which the physiological role of the contraction dynamics is to avoid tissue rupture ("active cohesion"), a novel concept that can be further applied to engineering of active materials.
Identification and validation of midbrain Kcnq4 regulation of heavy alcohol consumption in rodents.

Abstract Currently available pharmacotherapies for treating alcohol use disorder (AUD) suffer from deleterious side effects and are not efficacious in diverse populations. Clinical and preclinical studies provide evidence that the Kcnq family of genes that encode KV7 channels influence alcohol intake and dependence. KV7 channels are a class of slowly activating voltage-dependent K+ channels that regulate neuronal excitability. Studies indicate that the KV7 channel positive modulator retigabine can decrease dopaminergic neuron firing, alter dopamine (DA) release, and reduce alcohol intake in heavy drinking rodents. Given the critical nature of ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA to the addiction process and predominant expression of Kcnq4 in DA neurons, we investigated the role of midbrain Kcnq genes and KV7 channels in the VTA of genetically diverse mice and long-term heavy drinking rats, respectively. Integrative bioinformatics analysis identified negative correlations between midbrain Kcnq4 expression and alcohol intake and seeking behaviors. Kcnq4 expression levels were also correlated with dopaminergic-related phenotypes in BXD strains, and Kcnq4 was present in support intervals for alcohol sensitivity and alcohol withdrawal severity QTLs in rodents. Pharmacological validation studies revealed that VTA KV7 channels regulate excessive alcohol intake in rats with a high-drinking phenotype. Administration of a novel and selective KV7.2/4 channel positive modulator also reduced alcohol drinking in rats. Together, these findings indicate that midbrain Kcnq4 expression regulates alcohol-related behaviors in genetically diverse mice and provide evidence that KV7.4 channels are a critical mediator of excessive alcohol drinking.
Highly Discriminant Methylated DNA Markers for the Non-endoscopic Detection of Barrett's Esophagus.

Minimally invasive methods have been described to detect Barrett’s esophagus (BE), but are limited by subjectivity and suboptimal accuracy. We identified methylated DNA markers (MDMs) for BE in tissue and assessed their accuracy on whole esophagus brushings and capsule sponge samples. Step 1: Unbiased whole methylome sequencing was performed on DNA from BE and normal squamous esophagus (SE) tissue. Discriminant MDM candidates were validated on an independent patient cohort (62 BE cases, 30 controls) by quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP). Step 2: Selected MDMs were further evaluated on whole esophageal brushings (49 BE cases, 36 controls). 35 previously sequenced esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) MDMs were also evaluated. Step 3: 20 BE cases and 20 controls were randomized to swallow capsules sponges (25 mm, 10 pores or 20 pores per inch (ppi)) followed endoscopy. DNA yield, tolerability, and mucosal injury were compared. Best MDM assays were performed on this cohort. Step 1: 19 MDMs with areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) >0.85 were carried forward. Step 2: On whole esophageal brushings, 80% of individual MDM candidates showed high accuracy for BE (AUCs 0.84–0.94). Step 3: The capsule sponge was swallowed and withdrawn in 98% of subjects. Tolerability was superior with the 10 ppi sponge with minimal mucosal injury and abundant DNA yield. A 2-marker panel (VAV3 + ZNF682) yielded excellent BE discrimination (AUC = 1). Identified MDMs discriminate BE with high accuracy. BE detection appears safe and feasible with a capsule sponge. Corroboration in larger studies is warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02560623.
West African Late Stone Age

ABSOLUTE TIME PERIOD: At least 13,000–4000 B.P. Microlithic assemblages are present in Central Africa from 40,000 B.P. and may prove to be earlier than 13,000 B.P. in West Africa. Areas with stone-using hunter-gatherers may persist well after 4000 B.P. in some areas, particularly the southwest. The transition to the Neolithic, marked by the inclusion of domestic animals and/or plants into subsistence, is well documented only in the Sahel and northern savanna, and in central Ghana.
NMR-based urine metabolic profiling and immunohistochemistry analysis of nephron changes in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury can be caused by multiple factors, including sepsis, respiratory failure, heart failure, trauma, or nephrotoxic medications, among others. Here, a mouse model was used to invest...
Massing a laser-induced plasma with atomic absorption spectroscopy

Abstract A new technique, pseudocontinuum source atomic absorption spectroscopy, is used to map neutral atomic populations in a titanium laser-ablation plasma under helium cover. Measurements show good reproducibility and spatial resolution adequate to measure inhomogeneity in atmospherically-confined LIBS plasmas. 160 ± 20 ng of material is imaged across four terms (one ground and three metastable) of the neutral atom. This mass exceeds the crater volume, indicating substantial redeposition within the crater from pulse to pulse. At five microseconds comparison of the ground and the lowest metastable terms indicates departure from local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The technique shows promise for understanding the evolution of these inhomogeneous plasmas, particularly the fate of ablated material.
Excursions into the Wild

This chapter examines instances of what Scott Slovic calls “going away to think” and how going away also implies a return, creating a continuous oscillation between being grounded and groundlessness. These samples reveal how becoming an errant body, even perhaps only intermittently, can provide the foundation for a compendium of innovative thoughts and new ways to be in relation with the world. In many cases, this has meant breaking from the world and sidestepping its limitations in order to reach a new frontier. A diverse juxtaposition will bring together disparate “excursions into the wild” by Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, Jean Baudrillard, and Hamish Fulton in order to demonstrate how being in retreat can be a method of engagement—how getting lost can lead to discovery.
Evaluation of the Mechanical Axis of the First Ray Before and After First Metatarsal-Phalangeal Joint Reconstructive Surgery

Abstract LaPorta et al published a description of measurement of the mechanical axis of the first ray in an attempt to introduce center-of-rotation angulation principles into forefoot reconstructive surgery. They found significant differences in the measurement of the first intermetatarsal angle between groups of feet with and without hallux abducto valgus deformity, but they found no difference in the measurement of the M1-M2 mechanical axis angle between groups. The objectives of this study were to further investigate the proposed M1-M2 mechanical axis angle and to examine the effect of hallux abducto valgus corrective surgery on its measurement. We retrospectively evaluated weight-bearing dorsal-plantar projection radiographs taken in the angle and base of gait of 56 consecutive feet before and after first metatarsal-phalangeal joint corrective surgery. On each radiograph, we calculated the first intermetatarsal angle, the hallux abductus angle, the tibial sesamoid position, the M1-M2 mechanical axis angle, and the position of the sesamoids relative to the mechanical axis of the medial column. Statistically significant decreases were observed when comparing pre- versus post-operative measurement of the first intermetatarsal angle (−4.83°; p
Quantifying the Consumer Surplus from Smartphones

Quantifying the consumer welfare of smartphones is important in understanding the new innovation's overall benefit to the economy. I empirically estimate consumer surplus from smartphones and explore the market and policy implications of the welfare estimates. I employ newly available Korean panel survey data, which contain detailed information on individuals' digital device usage. The data capture the adoption trajectory of smartphones from its onset. I develop and estimate a model of consumer demand for digital activities, allowing the set of activities to change as a function of the individual's smartphone ownership and physical location. The model allows me to quantify the overall consumer surplus from smartphones, how it varies across demographic groups, and how much of it results from the substitution effect or the expansion, effect. I find that the average monthly consumer surplus per person is $41, where $23 is the surplus from expansion, such as checking emails or searching for information online while commuting. The consumer surplus estimate is highest for individuals aged 20-30, who indeed constitute the group that adopted smartphones the most. Overall, the total consumer surplus from smartphones in Korea is approximately $49 million per day. I explore the market and policy implications of my estimates through counterfactual exercises. I find that providing free WiFi at public transportation locations in Seoul increases consumer surplus by $117 million per year, which substantially exceeds the annual budget allocated by the government to provide the service.
Clinician Perspectives Regarding In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation: A Multicenter Survey.

OBJECTIVES Evaluate clinicians' sentiments about participating in cardiac arrest resuscitations and identify factors associated with confidence in resuscitation of cardiac arrest. DESIGN Electronic survey. SETTING Twenty-one hospitals in Utah and Idaho. SUBJECTS All attending physicians, residents, and nurses in a multilevel healthcare system likely to participate in an in-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation at least once every 2 years. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND METHODS A survey instrument evaluating clinician perceptions of in-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation participation was developed after literature review and iteratively revised based on expert input and cognitive pretesting. Survey responses were collected anonymously. Sixty percent of 1,642 contacted clinicians (n = 977) submitted complete responses, of whom 874 met study inclusion criteria (190 attending physicians, 576 nurses, and 110 residents). Most respondents (74%) participated in less than or equal to six in-hospital cardiac arrest events per year, and 41% of respondents were most likely to participate in in-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation at a community, rural, or critical access hospital. Confidence in in-hospital cardiac arrest participation was high overall (92%), but lower among residents (86%) than nurses (91%) or attending physicians (96%; p = 0.008). Fewer residents (52%) than nurses (73%) or attending physicians (95%; p < 0.001) reported feeling confident leading in-hospital cardiac arrest teams. Residents (63%) and attending physicians (36%) were more likely to worry about making errors during an in-hospital cardiac arrest event than nurses (18%; p < 0.001). Only 15% of residents and 50% of respondents overall reported they were both confident participating in in-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation and did not worry about making errors. In-hospital cardiac arrest participation frequency was the dominant predictor of respondents' confidence leading or participating in an in-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS Many clinicians, especially residents, who participate in or lead in-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation events lack confidence or worry about management errors. Hospitals-particularly smaller hospitals-should consider methods to provide in-hospital cardiac arrest teams additional "effective experience," potentially using simulation or telemedicine consultation.
Cerebellar ataxia disease-associated Snx14 promotes lipid droplet growth at ER-droplet contacts.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are nutrient reservoirs used by cells to maintain homeostasis. Nascent droplets form on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and grow following an influx of exogenous fatty acids (FAs). The budding of LDs requires extensive ER-LD crosstalk, but how this is regulated remains poorly understood. Here, we show that sorting nexin protein Snx14, an ER-resident protein associated with the cerebellar ataxia SCAR20, localizes to ER-LD contacts following FA treatment, where it promotes LD maturation. Using proximity-based APEX technology and topological dissection, we show that Snx14 accumulates specifically at ER-LD contacts independently of Seipin, where it remains ER-anchored and binds LDs in trans. SNX14KO cells exhibit perturbed LD morphology, whereas Snx14 overexpression promotes LD biogenesis and extends ER-LD contacts. Multi-time point imaging reveals that Snx14 is recruited to ER microdomains containing the fatty acyl-CoA ligase ACSL3, where nascent LDs bud. We propose that Snx14 is a novel marker for ER-LD contacts and regulates FA-stimulated LD growth.
Teaching Bits: Statistics Education Articles From 2007

Over 150 articles and book chapters were published in 2007 that pertained to statistics education. In this column, we will highlight a few of these articles that represent a variety of different jo...
Reassessing the Effect of Cloud Type on Earth’s Energy Balance in the Age of Active Spaceborne Observations. Part II: Atmospheric Heating

AbstractThe role of clouds in modulating vertically integrated atmospheric heating is investigated using CloudSat’s multisensor radiative flux dataset. On the global mean, clouds are found to induc...
Are separate room test accommodations effective for college students with disabilities

College students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or learning disabilities are frequently allowed to complete examinations in a separate, distraction-reduced setting. Althou...
Use of Potassium Iodide to Minimize Thyroid Radiation from Radioactive Fall-Out

Nuclear power reactors have a large inventory of radionuclides generated from fission of uranium and plutonium. Radioiodines and other fission products are held within the metal cladding of the fuel rods. An accident destroying the integrity of this cladding and the containment will release these radionuclides into the atmosphere as gases, aerosols, or particulates. In these forms, their environmental dispersion is erratic and inhomogeneous, depending largely on meteorologic conditions.
The bear myth in Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene

Abstract The animals in Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene have been skillfully treated as allegories, but these creatures also deserve a look from a mythological perspective. Perhaps the most important animal to begin with is the bear, which French historian Michel Pastoureau recently has explored in his monumental, The Bear: History of a Fallen King. Using many of Pastoureau’s insights (and criticizing others), we can make room for an analysis of The Faerie Queene as a text in which pre-modern and even ‘prehistorical’ images of bears meet with Early Modern views of the noble creature, demonstrating that, despite Spenser’s allegorical tendencies, the bears in The Faerie Queene still speak.
Differential Correlates of Positive and Negative Risk Taking in Adolescence

Positive risks benefit adolescent development without posing the same public safety concerns as negative risks, but little is understood about the psychological characteristics of positive risk taking. This study explored the shared and unique correlates of positive and negative risk taking in 223 adolescents (48% female) ages 16–20 years (M = 18.1; SD = 0.81). Positive and negative risk taking were both associated with higher sensation seeking. Unlike negative risk taking, positive risk taking was not associated with impulsivity or risk taking on experimental tasks. Further, positive risk taking was associated with lower reward sensitivity, higher punishment sensitivity, and greater school engagement than negative risk taking. The findings offer new insights for prevailing models of adolescent risk behavior and suggest positive risk taking may be particularly beneficial in the school context.
Buchanan and Bloomington

Elinor Ostrom (2011) describes the work of James Buchanan as “foundational” to the Bloomington approach to political economy. This chapter explores the relationship between Buchanan’s “Virginia School” approach to that of the Bloomington School. We examine the foundational role of the Calculus of Consent, both in inspiring Vincent Ostrom’s Political Theory of a Compound Republic and as a key component of the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. We then outline other important connections and areas of overlap between the two schools of thought, such as self-governance and polycentricity.
La perception de l’enseignement de la francophonie littéraire en Amérique du Nord

La francophonie en tant que champ d’etude de la litterature des regions du monde en dehors de la France metropolitaine ayant le francais comme langue de communication apparait de plus en plus, de nos jours, dans les universites en Amerique du Nord en general, et aux Etats-Unis en particulier. Cependant, force est de reconnaitre que le terme « francophonie » tel qu’il apparait pour la premiere fois vers la fin du XIXe siecle est loin de representer un domaine d’etudes de la litterature et de la culture aussi riche que celui de l’Amerique du Nord d’aujourd’hui, d’ou la problematique a resoudre : Qu’est-ce que la francophonie? Comment la francophonie en Amerique du Nord differe-t-elle de celle du plus grand espace francophone en termes de locuteurs, en l’occurrence l’Afrique? Ce projet se propose de partir des definitions multidimensionnelles du terme francophonie pour se focaliser sur l’Amerique du Nord, en particulier les Etats-Unis ou le terme represente un champ academique et revele un aspect unique dans les institutions universitaires avec plusieurs defis qui, de nos jours, necessitent des solutions pratiques.
Cover crops and precipitation influence soluble reactive phosphorus losses via tile drain discharge in an agricultural watershed

Subsurface tile drainage speeds water removal from agricultural fields that are historically prone to flooding. While managed drainage systems improve crop yields, they can also contribute tothe eutrophication of downstream ecosystems, as tile‐drained systems are conduits for nutrients to adjacent waterways. The changing climate of the Midwestern US has already altered precipitation regimes which will likely continue into the future, with unknown effects on tile drain water and nutrient loss to waterways. Adding vegetative cover (i.e., as winter cover crops) is one approach that can retain water and nutrients on fields to minimize export via tile drains. In the current study, we evaluate the effect of cover crops on tile drain discharge and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) loads using bi‐monthly measurements from 43 unique tile outlets draining fields with or without cover crops in two watersheds in northern Indiana. Using four water years of data (n = 844 measurements), we examined the role of short‐term antecedent precipitation conditions and variation in soil biogeochemistry in mediating the effect of cover crops on tile drain flow and SRP loads. We observed significant effects of cover crops on both tile drain discharge and SRP loads, but these results were season and watershed specific. Cover crop effects were identified only in spring, where their presence reduced tile drain discharge in both watersheds and SRP loads in one watershed. Varying effects on SRP loads between watersheds were attributed to different soil biogeochemical characteristics, where soils with lower bioavailable P and higher P sorption capacity were less likely to have a cover crop effect. Antecedent precipitation was important in spring, and cover crop differences were still evident during periods of wet and dry antecedent precipitation conditions. Overall, we show that cover crops have the potential to significantly decrease spring tile drain P export, and these effects are resilient to a wide range of precipitation conditions.
Considerations for working with youth with socially complex needs.

Topic The presence of adverse childhood experiences offers a glimpse into the social complexity in the lives of youth. Thus far, youth have been categorized as "at-risk" or "vulnerable,"-identifiers which highlight a deficits-based framework and continue to stigmatize youth. To combat this systemic marginalization, we propose using the term youth with socially complex needs. These youth, often minority ethnic/racial and/or sexual/gender minorities, experience repeated adversity and discrimination. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize the unique considerations of working with youth with socially complex needs-who have an increased vulnerability for social marginalization. Sources used Given the adversity experienced and challenges inherent in working with youth with socially complex needs, ethical principles, and relevant care delivery models were explored. Conclusions Delivering mental health care and/or conducting research in collaboration with youth with socially complex needs requires thoughtful consideration of ethical principles and models of care. In conclusion, we propose a strengths-based, individualized approach to working with youth with socially complex needs that requires a dynamic, fluid, multisystemic approach to care and research.
Suicide Attempt in a 38-Year-Old Patient on Varenicline While Intoxicated With Alcohol.

Varenicline is one of two non-nicotine replacement therapy medications approved by the FDA for smoking cessation. It has also demonstrated some success in trials for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. In this case report, we present a case of a 38-year-old male with a history of alcohol and tobacco use disorders and no other psychiatric history, including no history of suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, who was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric facility after a suicide attempt while acutely intoxicated with alcohol one week after starting varenicline treatment for smoking cessation. Reports from the media, and literature from the FDA and manufacturers of CHANTIX® have mentioned a potential interaction between varenicline and alcohol that can subsequently cause "unusual and aggressive behaviors" that are "often accompanied by amnesia to the events"; however, we were unable to find any case reports related to a potential interaction between the two causing a suicide attempt in a PubMed search. Therefore, to our knowledge, this represents the first case report of its kind.
Biomedical Measurement Systems and Data Science

Discover the fundamental principles of biomedical measurement design and performance evaluation with this hands-on guide. Whether you develop measurement instruments or use them in novel ways, this practical text will prepare you to be an effective generator and consumer of biomedical data. Designed for both classroom instruction and self-study, it explains how information is encoded into recorded data and can be extracted and displayed in an accessible manner. Describes and integrates experimental design, performance assessment, classification, and system modelling. Combines mathematical concepts with computational models, providing the tools needed to answer advanced biomedical questions. Includes MATLAB® scripts throughout to help readers model all types of biomedical systems, and contains numerous homework problems, with a solutions manual available online. This is an essential text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in bioengineering, electrical and computer engineering, computer science, medical physics, and anyone preparing for a career in biomedical sciences and engineering.
Applications of models from epidemiology to metrics for computer virus risk -- a brief update

This brief update describes research on the maintenance of integrity in information systems via the establishment of an organisational environment that will prevent the damage caused by external agents. The main focus is on the development of information security metrics and a computer simulation model for the threat of computer viruses in organisations. Early results from this research project were presented at the IFIP TC11 Working Group 11.5’s Second Working Conference on Integrity and Internal Control in Information Systems (Mon and Gove, 1998). This brief update summarizes subsequent work conducted by a team comprising Science Applications International Corporation, Science Communication Studies and the Towson University Applied Mathematics Laboratory (SAIC 1999a, 1999b).
Restrain “Risky Business”: Treat High-Risk Private Security Contractors as Inherently Governmental

Should Congress limit private security contractors ("PSCs") in wartime by declaring that high-risk activities are "inherently governmental"? In government contracting law, private contractors are not permitted to conduct activities deemed inherently governmental. As a result, only governmental actors may perform those functions. The role of PSCs in war zones raises a number of questions as to where the line exists, in determining what is, or is not, within this classification. Traditionally, the government draws the line at combat and combat-related activities-only these functions are inherently governmental. This Article argues that the line should instead be drawn at "high-risk" activities, which would include a number of functions outside of combat. The author bases much of his argument on his personal experiences and observations as a member of the Commission on Wartime Contracting.
The Estimation of Prediction Error

Having constructed a data-based estimation rule, perhaps a logistic regression or a classification tree, the statistician would like to know its performance as a predictor of future cases. There are two main theories concerning prediction error: (1) penalty methods such as Cp, Akaike's information criterion, and Stein's unbiased risk estimate that depend on the covariance between data points and their corresponding predictions; and (2) cross-validation and related nonparametric bootstrap techniques. This article concerns the connection between the two theories. A Rao–Blackwell type of relation is derived in which nonparametric methods such as cross-validation are seen to be randomized versions of their covariance penalty counterparts. The model-based penalty methods offer substantially better accuracy, assuming that the model is believable.
Broadband W-band on-chip Yagi antenna using superstrate for high efficiency and endfire radiation

A Silicon (Si)-based on-chip Yagi antenna with a superstrate is proposed at W-band. Conventional on-chip Yagi antenna suffers from low gain, low efficiency, and beam squinting towards the Si substrate due to the lack of ground shielding from the electrically thick, high-permittivity, and lossy Si substrate. By using the superstrate above the Yagi antenna, undesired strong coupling into Si is reduced and by properly selecting the thickness of the superstrate, endfire radiation is maintained. Furthermore, gain and efficiency are significantly improved. Simulation shows that at 82–108 GHz, the on-chip antenna with the superstrate exhibits a higher endfire gain (> 0 dBi) and higher efficiency (> 60%), which is comparable to those of an off-chip antenna.
A complementary magnetic field sensor using magnetic tunnel junction

A complementary planar magnetic field sensor for the compass application was designed and successfully fabricated. Additionally, an MTJ with well-crystalline MgO film was also fabricated on an inclined surface as the Z-axis sensor. The weak temperature dependence was found in the planar magnetic sensor and a good consistency was found between the package level and the wafer level measurements. The operation point drift at the temperature of 185 oC is about 0.2%. Besides, the geomagnetic field was measured by the planar magnetic sensor and its sine wave-like response demonstrated the capability of the planar sensor. The sensitivities of the magnetic sensor are 10.58 mV/Oe (X-sensor) and 11.1 mV/Oe (Y-sensor).