cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder in pediatric patients: a systematic review and data analysis of the world literature.

Summary Background Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the bladder is exceedingly rare in pediatric patients. Limited data are available to guide management in this population. Methods The authors systematically searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar (through February 2019) for case reports and series to summarize data regarding presentation, evaluation, management, and follow-up for patients ≤ 18 years diagnosed with UCC of the bladder. Patient-level data were abstracted, and adjusted logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with a combined outcome of recurrence or death. Results One hundred two articles describing 243 patients from 26 countries met criteria. Average age was 12.5 years, 32.6% were female, 15.3% had medical comorbidities, and 13.2% had known risk factors for bladder cancer. Initial management was transurethral resection in 95.5% of patients, whereas 6.2% required secondary intervention. Tumor stage was TaN0M0 in 86.4% and low grade in 93.4%. Recurrence and death occurred in 8.6% and 3.7%, respectively. Mean time to recurrence or death was 8.6 months (standard deviation [SD] 7.6) for 10.7%. Mean disease free follow-up without recurrence or death was 56.9 months (SD 54.2) for 89.3%. Patients with comorbidities, risk factors, or family history (odds ratio [OR]: 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–5.6); ≥TaN0M0 disease (OR: 6.2, 95% CI: 2.5–15.6); and larger tumors at diagnosis (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.4) had significantly greater adjusted odds of recurrence or death after initial treatment. Conclusion Based on pooled results, disease recurrence or death occurred in 10.7% of pediatric patients and within 9 months for most and within 32 months for all patients. This may suggest that low-grade and stage UCC of the bladder in pediatric patients can be systematically monitored for at least 3 years. However, prospective evaluation of this clinical strategy is warranted.
The good, the bad, and the aggregate.

To evaluate progress and focus goals, scientific disciplines need to identify relations that are robust across many situations. One approach is the literature review, which characterizes generality across studies. Some writers (e.g., Baron & Derenne, 2000) claim that quantitative literature reviews, but not narrative reviews, violate the methodological precepts of behavior analysis by pooling data from nonidentical studies. We argue that it is impossible to assess generality without varying the context in which relationships are studied. Properly chosen data-aggregation strategies can reveal which behavior-environment relations are general and which are procedure dependent. Within behavior analysis, reluctance to conduct quantitative reviews may reflect unsupported assumptions about the consequences of aggregating data across studies. Whether specific data-aggregation techniques help or harm a research program is an empirical issue that cannot be resolved by unstructured discussion. Some examples of how aggregation has been used in identifying behavior-environment relations are examined.
Missing Pieces in the Discussion on Climate Change and Risk: Intersectionality and Compounded Vulnerability:

Assessing the impact of climate change requires analyzing humans generally, as well as identifying unique and elevated risks among subgroups. Incorporating intersectional approaches (e.g., those fo...
Marketplace and Literature Review of Spanish Language Mental Health Apps.

Language differences between patients and providers remains a barrier to accessing health care, especially mental health services. One potential solution to reduce inequities for patients that speak different languages and improve their access to care is through the delivery of healthcare through mobile technology. Given that the Latinx community serves as the largest ethnic minority in the United States, this two-phased review examines Spanish app development, feasibility and efficacy. Phase 1 explored the commercial marketplace for apps available in Spanish, while phase 2 involved a literature review of published research centered around the creation, functions, and usability of these apps using the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases. Of the apps available on the database, only 14.5% of them had Spanish operability. The literature search uncovered 629 results, of which 12 research articles that tested or described 10 apps met the inclusion criteria. Of the 10 apps studied in this literature review, only 4 apps were translated to Spanish. Our study reveals that despite increasing interest in Spanish-language apps to address mental health, the commercial marketplace is not currently meeting the demand. This study highlights that through thoughtful design and development, apps may hold the key to reducing mental health disparities in Spanish-speaking Hispanics in the United States.
Polymer additives to personal protective equipment can inactivate pathogens

Face masks have been proven to be medicines best public health tool for preventing transmission of airborne pathogens. However, in situations with continuous exposure, lower quality and "do-it-yourself" face masks cannot provide adequate protection against pathogens, especially when mishandled. In addition, the use of multiple face masks each day places a strain on personal protective equipment (PPE) supply and is not environmentally sustainable. Therefore, there is a significant clinical and commercial need for a reusable, pathogen-inactivating face mask. Herein, we propose adding poly(dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate), q(PDMAEMA), to existing fabric networks to generate "contact-killing" face masks - effectively turning cotton, polypropylene, and polyester into pathogen resistant materials. It was found that q(PDMAEMA)-integrated face masks were able to inactivate both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in liquid culture and aerosolized droplets. Furthermore, q(PDMAEMA) was electrospun into homogeneous polymer fibers, which makes the polymer practical for low-cost, scaled-up production. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=120 SRC="FIGDIR/small/438151v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (14K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@6f8ab4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@fb39e7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19680aforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1da7dab_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG
Molecular Genetic Research on Temperament in Infancy and Early Childhood

The current chapter focuses on research on the molecular genetics of temperament in infancy and early childhood. It considers the limitations of the candidate gene approach and the assumptions about development that are inherent in trying to establish simple linkages between variations in genes and variations in temperament. It considers how we conceptualize temperament, how our conceptualization and assessment approaches should inform our attempts to link molecular genetics to temperament, and how molecular genetics findings can help us advance our conceptualizations of temperament.
Abstract 19: Neurophysiological Responses Of Recovery In Pediatric Mice Compared To Adult Mice With Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and is increasingly being recognized as a disease that occurs in people of all ages, not just the elderly. Studies suggest that the immature developing brain may have a greater degree of plasticity compared to the adult, thereby enhancing functional recovery to a greater extent during development. Hypothesis: Pediatric mice exhibit greater recovery from hippocampal synaptic function following experimental stroke than adults. Methods: Extracellular field recordings of CA1 neurons were performed in acute hippocampal slices prepared at 24 hrs, 7 or 30 days after recovery from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and compared to sham control mice. Results: In adult mice, hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is impaired as early as 24 hrs after experimental stroke and remains impaired for at least 30 days in both the ipsilateral and contralateral, non-injured hemisphere. However, in pediatric mice, LTP is impaired as...
Factors Determining the Strength of Secondary Flow

An analytical equation which includes a secondary velocity is used to identify directly the various factors influencing the nature and strength of secondary currents in straight channels. A major part of the evaluation is based on data obtained in calculating secondary velocities. A family of isovels of the primary flow and the orthogonal trajectories of this family are used as a coordinate system. In such a coordinate system the shearing force, the shear gradient, and the gradient of the combined force of pressure and gravity, (which appear in the equation of motion in the direction of the primary flow) maintain the secondary flow in the direction perpendicular to isovels of the primary flow. The gradient of the primary flow velocity is also an important factor determining the strength of secondary flow.
Co-firing carbon dioxide-torrefied woody biomass with coal on emission characteristics

Torrefaction is a pre-treatment technique that involves the partial pyrolysis (200–300 °C) of biomass in an inert environment to improve its fuel properties. Effect of co-firing CO2-torrefied mesquite and juniper (10 % on mass basis) with coal in a 30-kWt downfired burner was studied considering the grindability potential of CO2-torrefied biomass (60 % higher grindability than N2-torrefied biomass). It was observed that co-firing 10 % by mass of raw mesquite with coal reduced the NO x emission from 420 to 280 ppm (33 % reduction) for an equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.9. However, co-firing TB with coal reduced the NO x emission by 10 % when compared to base case NO x emission from combustion of pure powder river basin coal (PRB) coal. Carbon monoxide percentage in the flue gas increased when biomass was co-fired with coal. An inverse relation was observed between CO and NO x emissions due to NO x reducing potential of CO in the presence of fixed carbon. Combining the advantages of using a greenhouse gas CO2 for pre-treatment and potential of CO2-torrefied biomass in reducing emissions with improved grindability, proves co-firing torrefied biomass with coal is an efficient technique.
Reforming the Law of Evidence of Tanzania (Part I): The Social and Legal Challenges

Over fifty years after its independence, the nation of Tanzania has built a complex system of courts along with intricate rules to govern them. Among those rules is Tanzania’s Evidence Act, a prolix and confusing 56-page document with 180 subpoints, some of which contradict. In 2011, the Tanzanian government established a working group to examine the Evidence Act with the goal of reforming it, and invited the authors to Dar es Salaam to meet with stakeholders in the legal community and discuss revision of the law. This Article is the result. It examines both the British colonial origin and inconsistent modern application of Tanzania’s evidence rules. The Article then identifies functional realities of the nation’s judicial system that must be considered in adopting any potential reform, many gleaned from the authors’ interviews and observations in Tanzania. The Article will serve as the first in a series about reform of Tanzania’s Evidence Act, with a second piece suggesting a new framework for governing the use of evidence in Tanzania, and a third identifying methods vital for adoption and acceptance of the new rules.
Deposition of Fuel Pellets Injected into Tokamak Plasmas

Pellet injection has been used on tokamak devices in a number of experiments to provide plasma fueling and density profile control. The mass deposition of these fuel pellets defined as the change in density profile caused by the pellet, has been found to show an outward displacement of the ablated material from that expected by mapping the theoretical ablation rate onto the flux surfaces. This suggests that fast transport of the pellet ablatant occurs during the flow along field lines that may be driven by {del}B drift effects. A comparison of the deposition of pellets from different machines shows similar behavior. Initial results from alternative injection locations designed to take advantage of the outward ablatant drift is presented.
Error aware monocular visual odometry using vertical line pairs for small robots in urban areas

We report a new error-aware monocular visual odometry method that only uses vertical lines, such as vertical edges of buildings and poles in urban areas as landmarks. Since vertical lines are easy to extract, insensitive to lighting conditions/shadows, and sensitive to robot movements on the ground plane, they are robust features if compared with regular point features or line features. We derive a recursive visual odometry method based on the vertical line pairs. We analyze how errors are propagated and introduced in the continuous odometry process by deriving the closed form representation of covariance matrix. We formulate the minimum variance ego-motion estimation problem and present a method that outputs weights for different vertical line pairs. The resulting visual odometry method is tested in physical experiments and compared with two existing methods that are based on point features and line features, respectively. The experiment results show that our method outperforms its two counterparts in robustness, accuracy, and speed. The relative errors of our method are less than 2% in experiments.
Effective document-oriented telemetry data compression

Storing vast amounts of multidimensional telemetry data presents a challenge. Telemetry data being relayed from sensors to the ground station comes in the form of text, images, audio, and various other formats. Compressing this data would optimize bandwidth usage during transmission and reduce storage resources needed at the ground level. The application of a single compression technique for all data types usually yields ineffective results. We will present a telemetry data compression algorithm that utilizes Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFTs) along with different compression algorithms for different data types, including Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) and Flate for textual and numerical data and JPEG coding for images. Although these algorithms do not yield the greatest compression ratios, the Portable Document Format (PDF) standard supports decoding of all of them, which allows us to write our encoded data streams directly to a PDF file. This approach alleviates the need for traditional database storage systems. It also standardizes and simplifies the data retrieval, decoding, and viewing process. This work results in packets-oriented telemetry data encapsulated with multiple compression stream algorithms, which can be decoded, rendered and viewed by any standard PDF viewer. This paper presents the aforementioned algorithms and its development status as applicable proof-of-concept prototypes.
Habituation to a stressor predicts adolescents' adiposity.

ABSTRACTBackground and Objectives: Stress is associated with gains in adiposity. One factor that determines how much stress is experienced is how quickly an adolescent reduces responding (habituates) across repeated stressors. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of body mass index (BMI) percentile and the rate of habituation to a stressor. Design: Thirty-four adolescents completed anthropometric measures and a habituation protocol using a within study design. Methods: The habituation protocol measured the rate of decline in perceived stress and heart rate (HR) across four, two-minute serial subtraction trials. Results: Multivariate linear regression revealed the habituation rate of the HR predicted BMI percentile after adjusting for gender, socioeconomic status, and initial HR (β = 17.2, p < .04). Conclusions: Slower habituation to a laboratory stressor was associated with greater BMI percentiles in adolescents.
Experimental ozone preexposure and histamine. Effect on the acute toxicity and respiratory function effects of histamine in guinea pigs.

Guinea pigs were exposed to O/sub 3/ via chamber (mortality studies) or nose mask (lung function studies). Exposure to 5 ppM O/sub 3/ for 2 h increased mortality from approx. 1 mg/kg histamine injected 1.5 to 2 h post-exposure. Death resulted from complete bronchoconstriction. Increased mortality was noticeable for as long as 12 h post-exposure to O/sub 3/. As little as 0.5 to 1.1 ppM O/sub 3/ increased susceptibility to histamine. Endogenous histamine content of lung was not affected by O/sub 3/. O/sub 3/ increased R/sub L/ and respiratory frequency and decreased compliance and tidal volume. Histamine evoked similar responses, but the magnitude was much greater in animals pre-exposed to ozone. Changes in lung function were not enough, however, to account for mortality. No explanation for these findings was given. Guinea pigs are very sensitive to histamine.
Clinical and In Vitro Evaluation of Cefazolin, a New Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Cefazolin sodium, a cephalosporin for parenteral use, was evaluated in vitro and in 26 patients. Cefazolin had activity equivalent to cephalothin against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, group A streptococci, and Proteus mirabilis. Cefazolin was four- to eightfold more active against Escherichia coli and slightly more active against Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereas cephalothin was slightly more active against indole-positive Proteus species. After a 500-mg dose of cefazolin intramuscularly, peak concentrations in the serum were high enough to inhibit all strains of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, group A streptococci, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis, as well as 60% of strains of Proteus species other than P. mirabilis. All of 26 patients (18 with pneumonia, 6 with urinary tract infection, and 2 with skin infections) responded clinically and bacteriologically to cefazolin therapy. There were no major side effects of therapy, and no patient complained of pain at the site of intramuscular injection. Cefazolin is an effective cephalosporin which can be used intramuscularly for therapy of serious bacterial infections. Its major advantages over other cephalosporins are higher, more sustained concentrations in the blood and apparent lack of pain on intramuscular injection.
Pre-eruptive protein-energy malnutrition and acid solubility of rat molar enamel surfaces.

Abstract Rat dams were fed diets containing either 8 or 25 per cent protein during lactation. Owing to a 1-day difference in molar eruption, pups were killed on either day 17 or 18. The first and second maxillary molars were dissected out and were acid-treated in a sealed plastic chamber through which 10 mM acetic acid (pH 4.5) flowed at a constant rate. Fractional collections were made over 1 h and analysis of Ca, P and F made to evaluate acid solubility. Mineral dissolution in the 8 per cent group, compared to the 25 per cent protein group, was increased in the following proportions: Ca 25.5 per cent, P: 17.'6 per cent, F: 5.8 per cent. The enamel dissolved from molars of rats in the 8 per cent protein group showed a high Ca:P ratio. The increase in acid solubility due to differences in chemical composition of the outer enamel surface may contribute to the increase in caries susceptibility associated with protein-energy malnutrition.
The Sixty-Cycle Flashover of Long Suspension Insulator Strings

This is a study of the 60-cycle flashover of strings up to voltages of 1100 kv., undertaken at the Ryan High-Voltage Laboratory, Stanford University. Investigation was made of the variations in flashover voltage for similar horizontal and vertical strings, with and without shields and tower members. An attempt has been made to correlate these flashover voltages with the point-to-point and point-to-grounded-plane arc-over voltages established in 1928 at the Laboratory.
In situ thermal nitridation of GaAs using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy

Abstract The in situ thermal nitridation of GaAs surfaces has been performed by annealing GaAs in an ammonia ambient within a metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) system. The shift of the GaAs surface Fermi level, and hence the surface charge density, resulting from the in situ thermal nitridation has been studied using photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy. Samples consisting of an undoped GaAs layer on highly doped n-GaAs (UN + ) and p-GaAs (UP + ) structures allow for the determination of the surface Fermi level position. These structures were grown by MOVPE and in situ thermal nitridation was performed after growth within the MOVPE system without exposure to air. After nitridation, the surface Fermi level can be shifted by ∼0.23 eV towards the conduction band edge for UN + structures and by ∼0.11 eV towards the valence band edge for UP + structures from the normally mid-gap `pinned' positions. The surface morphology of nitrided surfaces was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
In Situ Biorestoration as a Ground Water Remediation Technique

In situ biorestoration, where applicable, is indicated as a potentially very cost-effective and environmentally acceptable remediation technology. Many contaminants in solution in ground water as well as vapors in the unsaturated zone can be completely degraded or transformed into new compounds by naturally occurring indigenous microbial populations. Undoubtedly, thousands of contamination events are remediated naturally before the contamination reaches a point of detection. The need is for methodology to determine when natural biorestoration is occurring, the stage the restoration process is in, whether enhancement of the process is possible or desirable, and what will happen if natural processes are allowed to run their course. In addition to the nature of the contaminant, several environmental factors are known to influence the capacity of indigenous microbial populations to degrade contaminants. These factors include dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, availability of mineral nutrients, salinity, soil moisture, the concentration of specific pollutants, and the nutritional quality of dissolved organic carbon in the ground water. Most enhanced in situ bioreclamation techniques available today are variations of hydrocarbon degradation procedures pioneered and patented by Raymond and coworkers at Suntech during the period 1974 to 1978. Nutrients and oxygen are introduced through injection wells and circulated through the contaminated zone by pumping one or more producing wells. The limiting factor in remediation technology is getting the contaminated subsurface material to the treatment unit or units, or in the case of in situ processes, getting the treatment process to the contaminated material. The key to successful remediation is a thorough understanding of the hydrogeologic and geochemical characteristics of the contaminated area.
The influence of rolled erosion control systems on soil temperature and surface albedo: Part I. A greenhouse experiment

A greenhouse study examined the influences of various surface covers (a bare control soil and seven rolled erosion control systems—RECS) on surface radiative properties, and soil temperature. In our companion paper we examine relationships with soil moisture, biomass production, and nutrient assimilation. Randomization and replication were key components to our study of microclimate under tropical radiation conditions. The bare Oxisol control soil exhibited the most extreme microclimatic conditions with the lowest albedo (not significantly different from that of P300© North American Green, a dark green polypropylene system), and the highest mean and maximum hourly temperatures recorded at depths of 5 and 8 cm. This hostile climatic environment was not conducive to biomass production or moisture storage and it is likely that the observed soil surface crusts impeded plant emergence. Rolled erosion control systems, on the other hand, generally moderated soil temperatures by reflecting more shortwave radiation, implying less heat energy at the surface for conduction to the soil. The result was that RECS exhibited lower mean soil temperatures, higher minimum temperatures and lower maximum soil temperatures. An aspen excelsior system (Curlex I© Excelsior) had the highest albedo and the soil beneath this system exhibited the greatest temperature modulation. Open-weave systems composed of jute (Geojute© Price & Pictures) and coconut fibers (BioD-Mat 70© RoLanka) were the RECS most similar in temperature response to the bare control soil. Other systems examined were intermediate in their temperature response and surface albedo (i.e., SC150BN© North American Green, C125© North American Green and Futerra© Conwed Fibers). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A meta analysis of pancreatic microarray datasets yields new targets as cancer genes and biomarkers

The lack of specific symptoms at early tumor stages, together with a high biological aggressiveness of the tumor contribute to the high mortality rate for pancreatic cancer (PC), which has a five year survival rate of less than 5%. Improved screening for earlier diagnosis, through the detection of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers provides the best hope of increasing the rate of curatively resectable carcinomas. Though many serum markers have been reported to be elevated in patients with PC, so far, most of these markers have not been implemented into clinical routine due to low sensitivity or specificity. In this study, we have identified genes that are significantly upregulated in PC, through a meta-analysis of large number of microarray datasets. We demonstrate that the biological functions ascribed to these genes are clearly associated with PC and metastasis, and that that these genes exhibit a strong link to pathways involved with inflammation and the immune response. This investigation has yielded new targets for cancer genes, and potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. The candidate list of cancer genes includes protein kinase genes, new members of gene families currently associated with PC, as well as genes not previously linked to PC. In this study, we are also able to move towards developing a signature for hypomethylated genes, which could be useful for early detection of PC. We also show that the significantly upregulated 800+ genes in our analysis can serve as an enriched pool for tissue and serum protein biomarkers in pancreatic cancer.
The United States and Latin America: “Benevolent Imperialism” and/or “Imperial Hubris”

A Hemisphere to Itself: A History of US-Latin American Relations. Frank Niess. Translated by Harry Dost. London: Zed Books, 1990. xx + 228 pp. $55.00 (cloth), $17.50 (paper). ISBN 0-86232-866-7, ISBN 0-86232-867-5. A Hemisphere Apart: The Foundations of United States Policy toward Latin America. John J. Johnson. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. x + 271 pp. $32.50 (cloth). ISBN 0–8018–3953-X. U.S. Policy toward Economic Nationalism in Latin America, 1917-1929. Michael L. Krenn. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1990. xxi + 169 pp. $35.00 (cloth). ISBN 0-8420-2346-1. Shattered Hope: The Guatemalan Revolution and the United States, 1944-1954. Piero Gleijeses.Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1991. $29.95 (cloth), xix + 430 pp. ISBN 0-691-07817-3. Requiem for Revolution: The United States and Brazil, 1961-1969. Ruth Leacock. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1990. xi + 317 pp. $30.00 (cloth), $18.50 (paper). ISBN 0-87338-401-6, ISBN 0-87338-402-4. Partners in Conflict: The United States and Latin America. Abraham F. Lowenthal. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, revised ed., 1990. xii + 263 pp. $35.00 (cloth), $12.95 (paper). ISBN 0-8018-4061-9; ISBN 0-8018-4059-7.
Amplification in A Rhetoric on style

(1965). Amplification in A Rhetoric on style. The Southern Speech Journal: Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 294-307.
Environmental policy formulation and current Soviet management: A reply to Ziegler

(1981). Environmental policy formulation and current Soviet management: A reply to Ziegler. Soviet Studies: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 146-149.
A Useful Elementary Correlation Inequality, II

Abstract An inequality is given that enables one to estimate the probability of a conjunction by the product of the probabilities when the events have low correlation.
Geohazards Graduate Study With the U.S. Peace Corps

A unique, new educational program that focuses on geological natural hazards, U.S. Peace Corps field work, and on-campus study has begun its second year at Michigan Technological University, in Houghton, Michigan. While “Masters International” programs that combine Peace Corps service with a graduate degree program are available at 49 different universities in a variety of fields, the program at Michigan Tech is the only one with a natural hazards focus offering geological degree programs.
Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks: The Effectiveness of Community-Based Social Marketing on Energy Conservation for Sustainable University Campuses

The paper presents a community-based social marketing (CBSM) study that was conducted at Kansas State University (KSU) to determine potential strategies to decrease energy consumption on college campuses. The study was supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) project, “Earth, Wind, and Fire: Sustainable Energy for the 21st Century.” The ultimate goal of this research is to establish an effective campaign to make KSU a more sustainable community while ensuring that the needs and concerns of individuals-specifically, laboratory scientists-on campus are addressed as well. This approach to sustainability has the capability of motivating and empowering building users and managers to not only make KSU's campus more sustainable but also to stretch beyond the boundaries of the university in the future.
The “bronze” baby syndrome: A complication of phototherapy

An intense grey-brown discoloration of the skin, serum, and urine, and anemia occurred in a premature infant when phototherapy was used to reduce hyperbilirubinemia. Pre-existing hepatic disease was suspected as a cause of the joundice and may have prevented the biliary excretion of the photooxidation products of bilirubin; their retention resulted in the bronze discoloration. A disproportionately high saturation of the serum albumin with bilirubin was observed, suggesting that the retained pigments may compete with bilirubin for protein binding or that the phototherapy altered the capacity of albumin to bind bilirubin.
Empirical angular-dependent potentials for intermetallics

This paper discusses recently developed interatomic potentials of the Embedded Defect type for several intermetallic phases. The potentials are semiempirical and very similar in nature to the Embedded Atom Method. They include an angular term that can be used to appropriately fit elastic constants of intermetallic phases even for negative values of the Cauchy pressure. The predicted phase stabilities and defect energies and structures obtained using these potentials are discussed, with special emphasis on the effects of the noncentral interaction term.
The association between sleeve gastrectomy and histopathologic changes consistent with esophagitis in a rodent model

Abstract Background As the association between sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and gastroesophageal reflux disease remains unclear, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether performance of SG impacts the development and severity of esophagitis in a rodent model. Setting: University Hospital. Methods Wistar rats (Charles River Institute, Wilmington, MA) were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 4 months and then were divided into 3 cohorts of nearly equal mean weight: HFD only (n = 25), sham operation+HFD (n = 29), and SG+HFD (n = 19). Animals were euthanized at 12 weeks. The esophagus was harvested en-bloc and processed for histologic assessment by a board certified pathologist, blinded to the animal treatment group. Reflux was graded by severity and defined as the presence of inflammation in the esophageal squamous mucosa. Results Rats who underwent SG had significantly increased reflux severity, compared with sham and HFD alone (21.1% versus 0% versus 4.5%, P = .02), respectively. No difference was demonstrated in negative, mild, or moderate esophagitis between the control, sham, and sleeve groups. Using nonparametric ANOVA, the mean severity score for severe esophagitis was significantly increased in the SG group versus sham or HFD group (1.5 versus .81 versus 1.36, P = .0202) respectively. Following multinomial logistic regression to assess for confounding variables to the severity scores, final weight, and change in weight, had no effect on severity of esophagitis between the 3 groups (P> .373). Conclusions SG is independently associated with histopathologic changes consistent with severe esophagitis in an animal model, likely secondary to gastroesophageal reflux.
Revenge of the dead subject: The contexts of Michael Bowman's Killing Dillinger

This essay offers critique of the call to specify the context of autoperformance, as if this context were not a construction. Michael Bowman's Killing Dillinger is used as an exemplar of auto‐performance's ability to resist the dismissives that it “preaches to the converted” and “turns away from the other.”
Preliminary Evaluation of a Combined Group and Individual Treatment for College Students With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract The aim of the current study was to investigate the preliminary effects of a CBT intervention, designed for adults with ADHD (Safren, Perlman, et al., 2005), adapted to a combined group and individual format for college students with ADHD. Participants included undergraduate and graduate students with the final sample consisting of 12 completers and 5 noncompleters. Treatment effectiveness was examined by comparing changes in baseline and post treatment levels of ADHD symptoms and functional impairment for these college students receiving both individual and group CBT. For this preliminary study, there was no comparison group. The adapted intervention resulted in significantly lower levels of inattention symptoms in completers. Further, completers reported significant improvement in functioning at school and work. Although the data showed no statistically significant reduction in hyperactivity/impulsivity or the other measured areas of life impairments, estimates of effect size suggest that the small sample size might have limited the detection of statistically significant differences in both hyperactivity/impulsivity and impairment in certain domains (i.e., self-esteem and daily living skills). Preliminary data suggested that the adapted intervention was effective in reducing symptoms and impairment in several critical areas. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Pressurized fluidized-bed hydroretorting of six eastern shales in batch and continuous laboratory-scale reactors☆

Abstract The Institute of Gas Technology has conducted pressurized fluidized-bed hydroretorting (PFH) tests of six Eastern US oil shales in batch and continuous laboratory-scale reactors. Batch tests were conducted to determine the effects of temperature (from 480 to 590 °C) and pressure (from 2.8 to 7.0 MPa) on oil yield and carbon conversions for shales from Alabama, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio and Tennessee. Continuous laboratory-scale unit tests were conducted with Indiana shale at similar temperatures and at pressures of 2.8 and 4.2 MPa. Carbon conversion to oil was found to increase significantly with increasing hydrogen pressure for all six shales while the relationship between temperature and oil yield was different for each shale. Carbon conversion to gas increased with increasing temperature but was generally unaffected by changes in pressure. The highest oil yield for each shale was obtained at the highest pressure tested of 7.0 MPa. PFH processing has been shown to produce in excess of 200% of the Fischer Assay oil yield for all six shales and up to 268% for one of the shales.
Free Sphingosines of Human Skin Include 6-Hydroxysphingosine and Unusually Long-Chain Dihydrosphingosines

Ceramides containing 6-hydroxysphingosine, a previously unknown long-chain base, have recently been found in human skin. The present study investigated whether human skin also contains 6-hydroxysphingosine as the free base. Human skin surface lipids were obtained by washing with ethanol. A fraction enriched in sphingoid bases was isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography and reacted with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. The resulting N-dinitrophenyl derivatives were separated by thin-layer chromatography into three components, the most polar of which accounted for 15% of the total. After acetylation of the hydroxyl groups and repurification, each component was examined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The spectrum of the most polar of the derivatives indicated that it was 6-hydroxysphingosine or homologues of that substance. The spectra of the other two derivatives were virtually identical to those of derivatives prepared from authentic sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine. The chain-length distributions of the skin sphingoid bases were examined by gas chromatography after conversion of the dinitrophenyl acetates to dinitrophenyl trimethylsilyl derivatives. The analysis showed that the sphingosines and 6-hydroxysphingosines ranged from 17 to 22 carbons in length, with the 18- and 20-carbon species predominating. Surprisingly, the dihydrosphingosines included species with up to 26 carbons, with the 24-, 25-, and 26-carbon species accounting for about half of the total. Examination of the sphingoid bases of pig epidermis indicated that 6-hydroxysphingosine was not present and that the major chain length in the dihydrosphingosines was the 22-carbon species.
Modeling the suitability of wetland restoration potential at the watershed scale

Abstract Despite the fact that landscape level processes dominate wetland ecosystem development and sustainability, restoration decisions (including those for compensatory mitigation) are typically made on a project-by-project basis. Watershed planning designed to strategically restore wetlands has the potential to provide dramatic benefits by restoring ecosystem-level processes (functions) that maintain water resource integrity. We developed a GIS-based model to predict the suitability for wetland restoration for all locations in the Cuyahoga River watershed (2107 km 2 ), in northeastern Ohio (U.S.A.). The model offers a useful tool to focus and set goals for wetland restoration efforts in a spatially explicit way. A two-phase approach was used: the first is to develop criteria, or environmental indicators, to identify the total population of sites suitable for wetland restoration. Locations are identified where restoration has a high likelihood of success and will be sustainable over the long term. Criteria used include hydric soils, land use, topography, stream order, and a saturation index based on slope and flow accumulation in each grid cell in the model. The second phase “filters” the total population of available sites in order to prioritize them according to their potential to contribute to water resource integrity once restored. We generated three versions of the suitability model depicting restoration potential. All versions rely on the same criteria but vary in how the factors were weighted or the hydrology criterion was calculated.
The Effect of Information Feedback Upon Psychophysical Judgments

An analysis was made of the effect of introducing false-information feedback in a yes-no signal detection task. The experimental results indicate that the false-information feedback increases both the probability of a hit and of a false alarm, and at the same time reduces the overall probability of a correct response.
Inhibition of PTEN gene expression by oncogenic miR-23b-3p in renal cancer.

Background: miR-23b is located on chromosome number 9 and plays different roles in different organs especially with regards to cancer development. However, the functional significance of miR-23b-3p in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been reported. Methods and Results: We measured miR-23b-3p levels in 29 pairs of renal cell carcinoma and their normal matched tissues using real-time PCR. The expression level of miR-23b-3p was correlated with the 5 year survival rate of renal cancer patients. In 15 cases (52%), miR-23b-3p expression was found to be high. All patients with moderate to low miR-23b-3p expression survived 5 years, while those with high miR-23b-3p expression, only 50% survived. After knocking down miRNA-23b-3p expression in RCC cell lines, there was an induction of apoptosis and reduced invasive capabilities. MiR-23b-3p was shown to directly target PTEN gene through 39UTR reporter assays. Inhibition of miR-23b-3p induces PTEN gene expression with a concomitant reduction in PI3-kinase, total Akt and IL-32. Immunohistochemistry showed the lack of PTEN protein expression in cancerous regions of tissue samples where the expression of miR-23b-3p was high. We studied the in vitro effects of the dietary chemo preventive agent genistein on miR-23b-3p expression and found that it inhibited expression of miR-23b-3p in RCC cell lines. Conclusions: The current study shows that miR-23b-3p is an oncogenic miRNA and inhibits PTEN tumor suppressor gene in RCC. Therefore, inhibition of miR-23b-3p may be a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
TORQUE ON A RAYLEIGH DISK DUE TO He II FLOW.

The Rayleigh disk has been used in several experiments1–7 to probe the local velocity field of He II. However, the flow pattern around the disk has not been well understood.8 We present here a simple model for He II flow past a Rayleigh disk which assumes that superfluid potential flow and normal fluid Helmholtz flow occur. A torque which increases as the temperature decreases below T λ is predicted. New measurements of the torque on a Rayleigh disk in nonrotating helium are then presented which are in substantial agreement with this model. Finally, we show that our model is in agreement with Pellam’s Rayleigh disk measurements1–4 in rotating helium below T λ .
Market-Based Air Traffic Flow Control with Competing Airlines

To advance efficient and equitable use of the U.S. National Airspace System during weather disruptions, air traffic management is modeled as a network flow optimization program that explicitly incorporates airline preference information. Market mechanisms are proposed to perform distributed computation of efficient solutions based on novel cost metrics that accurately reflect the cost of delays to the airlines. Two distinct types of network flow models are presented to demonstrate the tradeoff between computational complexity and control input flexibility. The discrete path flow model describes a simplified approach by fixing flow velocity and limiting rerouting options, thereby satisfying the primary assumptions of general equilibrium theory to ensure efficiency of the market outcome. The continuous link flow model allows additional control inputs to better align with current methods used in dealing with adverse weather conditions; namely, ground-delay programs, miles-in-trail restrictions, and flight reroutes. The market-mechanism outcome for both models is shown to be preferred by all airlines over a solution determined without incorporating preference information. Simulation results are presented for feasible problem sizes of both flow models and demonstrate the gains that can be achieved by implementing market mechanisms for air traffic management.
Variation in the frequency of complex forms of mitochondrial DNA in different brain regions of senescent mice

It was shown previously that the frequency of an aberrant form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), double-sized circular molecules or circular dimers, increased significantly in the brain of senescent mice, to about 2% versus less than 0.1% in the brain of adult mice. To follow up these observations, we isolated total mtDNA from 6 different brain regions of 29-month-old male BALB/c mice and examined it for the occurrence of circular dimers and other complex forms by electron microscopy. There was a statistically highly significant variability in the occurrence of circular dimer mtDNA among the 6 brain regions. The frequencies of circular dimers were: medulla, 3.3%; cortex, 1.7%; midbrain, 1.1%; cerebellum, 0.9%; hippocampus, 0.5%; and striatum, 0.2%. The frequency of catenated (topologically interlinked) molecules varied only slightly, from 4 to 6%. On the basis of the available literature, a correlation appears to exist between age-related tissue pathology of the mouse brain and the increased incidence of circular dimer mtDNA. Although no cause-effect relationships can be established, it is suggested that the frequency of circular dimer mtDNA may be a useful marker in assessing the general physiological condition of the aging brain.
Derivation and assessment of strong coupling core particle model from the Kerman-Klein-Donau-Frauendorf theory

We review briefly the fundamental equations of a semimicroscopic core-particle coupling method that makes no reference to an intrinsic system of coordinates. We then demonstrate how an intrinsic system can be introduced in the strong coupling limit so as to yield a completely equivalent formulation. It is emphasized that the conventional core-particle coupling calculation introduces a further approximation that avoids what has hitherto been the most time-consuming feature of the full theory, and that this approximation can be introduced either in the intrinsic system, the usual case, or in the laboratory system, our preference. A new algorithm is described for the full theory that largely removes the difference in complexity between the two types of calculation. Comparison of the full and approximate theories for some representative cases provides a basis for the assessment of the accuracy of the traditional approach. We find that for well-deformed nuclei, e.g., {sup 157}Gd and {sup 157}Tb, the core-coupling method and the full theory give similar results. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Multidisciplinary study of ozone, acidic deposition and climate effects on a mixed conifer forest in California, USA

Effects of ozone, dry and wet acidic deposition and climate were studied on tree species and nutrient cycling in a southern California mixed conifer forest from 1991 to 1994 at a location within the plume of photochemical oxidant pollutants transported from the Los Angeles region to the San Bernardino mountains. Ozone injury to ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) and Jeffrey (P. jeffreyi) pines increased during the study. The current rate of dry and wet deposition of nitrogen during the summer season (5–9 kg N ha−1) has not caused detectable changes in nutrient cycling, although summer throughfall N inputs supply pulses of available N that may be biologically significant in the short term.