cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When it's Not All About Me: Altruism, Participation, and Political Context

Altruism refers to a willingness to pay a personal cost to make others better off. Past research has established a link between altruism and political participation, primarily among college students. We show that dictator game behavior predicts support for humanitarian norms and donations to Hurricane Katrina victims, suggesting that dictator game allocations are valid measures of altruism. Moreover, we show that this measure of altruism predicts participation in politics, suggesting that past results with students can be generalized to a broader population. Finally, consistent with the argument that altruists only participate when they think doing so will make everyone better off, we show that there is no relationship between altruism and voter turnout in an election where the outcome is distributive and where it is not clear that either political outcome will produce a net societal gain.
Nucleic acid-binding specificity of human FUS protein

FUS, a nuclear RNA-binding protein, plays multiple roles in RNA processing. Five specific FUS-binding RNA sequence/structure motifs have been proposed, but their affinities for FUS have not been directly compared. Here we find that human FUS binds all these sequences with Kd (app) values spanning a 10-fold range. Furthermore, some RNAs that do not contain any of these motifs bind FUS with similar affinity. FUS binds RNA in a length-dependent manner, consistent with a substantial non-specific component to binding. Finally, investigation of FUS binding to different nucleic acids shows that it binds single-stranded DNA with three-fold lower affinity than ssRNA of the same length and sequence, while binding to double-stranded nucleic acids is weaker. We conclude that FUS has quite general nucleic acid-binding activity, with the various proposed RNA motifs being neither necessary for FUS binding nor sufficient to explain its diverse binding partners.
Dimensioning the Sine‐Generated Curve Meander Geometry1

Mecklenburg, Daniel E. and Anand D. Jayakaran, 2012. Dimensioning the Sine-Generated Curve Meander Geometry. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 635-642. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00638.x Abstract: The sine-generated curve (SGC) presented by Langbein and Leopold (1966) is widely acknowledged as an idealized description of river meander form. However, as originally presented, the SGC application to the field, laboratory, or models is not a trivial task. The SGC function simply provides the direction of the flow path as its rate of change continually varies from most gradual at the crossover to most rapid at the apex of bends. Although the commonly used dimensions of meander length, stream length per meander, sinuosity, and amplitude have been approximated previously, this technical note precisely defines these dimensions by solving the integrals of the sine and cosine of the SGC function. This is performed using integral representations of the Bessel and Struve functions for the zero order and their power-series expansions. Higher precision offered by this technique will be of particular value to modeling and flume-based studies where better conformity to the SGC is necessary. The note goes on to present two simple line and arc patterns optimally fit to the SGC as simplified yet more precise methods for practical design in river restoration schemes. Equations are presented defining the geometry of the arc and line pattern and relating meander length, amplitude, radius of curvature, and sinuosity.
Subluxation of the distal radio-ulnar joint by hyperpronation.

1. Six cases of subluxation of the distal radio-ulnar joint by a probable hyperpronation injury are described. In five of the six patients, there is an unusual type of trauma producing the injury; and, in the sixth patient, the presence of severe neuromuscular disease is noted. 2. The injury is a rotatory subluxation of the distal end of the radius on the ulna without evidence of rupture of the dorsal and volar radiocarpal ligaments or the triangular cartilage. 3. The characteristic roentgenographic sign is apparent shifting of the ulnar styloid process laterally when roentgenograms are made in pronation. 4. Possible errors in the making of the roentgenograms at the time of injury are described. 5. Follow-up examination of an untreated injury showed definite disability in the wrist one and a half years later with some limitations of motion. 6. Treatment by closed reduction and immobilization in supination is recommended. 7. An additional case is presented of a three-year-old child who showed all the clinical findings but, because of the lack of ossification in the distal ulnar epiphysis, the roentgenographic diagnosis could not be made.
Smoothing Spline Semiparametric Nonlinear Regression Models

We consider the problem of modeling the mean function in regression. Often there is enough knowledge to model some components of the mean function parametrically. But for other vague and/or nuisance components, it is often desirable to leave them unspecified and to be modeled nonparametrically. In this article, we propose a general class of smoothing spline semiparametric nonlinear regression models (SNRMs) which assumes that the mean function depends on parameters and nonparametric functions through a known nonlinear functional. SNRMs are natural extensions of both parametric and nonparametric regression models. They include many popular nonparametric and semiparametric models such as the partial spline, varying coefficients, projection pursuit, single index, multiple index, and shape-invariant models as special cases. Building on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS), the SNRMs allow us to deal with many different situations in a unified fashion. We develop a unified estimation procedure based on min...
Subsurface synthesis and characterization of Ag nanoparticles embedded in MgO

Metal nanoparticles exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) which is very sensitive to the size and shape of the nanoparticle and the surrounding dielectric medium. The coupling between the electromagnetic radiation and the localized surface plasmon in metallic nanoparticles results in a sizable enhancement of the incident fields, making them possible candidates for plasmonic applications. In particular, partially exposed metallic nanoparticles distributed in a dielectric matrix can provide prime locations for LSPR spectroscopy and sensing. We report the synthesis and characterization of a plasmonic substrate consisting of Ag nanoparticles partially buried in MgO. Ag nanoparticles of different shapes and size distributions were synthesized below the surface of MgO by implanting 200 keV Ag(+) ions followed by annealing at 1000 °C for 10 and 30 h. A detailed optical and structural characterization was carried out to understand the evolution of the Ag nanoparticle and size distribution inside the MgO matrix. Micro x-ray diffraction (Micro-XRD) was employed to investigate the structural properties and estimate the crystallite size. The nanoparticles evolved from a spherical to a faceted morphology with annealing time, assuming an octahedral shape truncated at the (001) planes, as visualized from aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The nanoparticles embedded in MgO were shown to be pure metallic Ag using atom probe tomography (APT). The nanoparticles were partially exposed to the surface by employing plasma etch techniques to remove the overlaying MgO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to study the surface morphology and obtain a height distribution for the partially exposed nanoparticles.
Changes in populations of Listeria monocytogenes in a medium with internal pH control containing Streptococcus cremoris

Abstract Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in a commercial starter culture medium with internal pH control was examined. The IPCM-1 medium was inoculated with L. Monocytogenes (strain V7, Scott A, or California) at ca. 10 3 cfu/ml and Streptococcus cremoris (.25%, 1.6 x 10 5 or 1.0%, 8.6 x 10 5 cfu/ml) and was incubated at 21 or 30°C for 30h. The pH of the uninoculated medium and control ( L. monocytogenes only) was between 6.8 and 7.0 before and after incubation. The area on a figure between control and treatment curves for numbers of L. monocytogenes was calculated, designated as area of inhibition, and used to quantitate inhibition of L. monocytogenes caused by S. cremoris . No significant difference was found in area of inhibition or pH values at 6, 24, and 30h of incubation among the three strains of L. monocytogenes for a given set of conditions (percentage of S. cremoris added and temperature). Inhibition of the pathogen increase with an increase in amount of S. cremoris inoculum used and with higher rather than lower incubation temperature. Populations of L. monocytogenes in IPCM-1 medium without S. cremoris after 30h of incubation were 10 6 to 10 7 /ml at 21°C and 10 8 /ml at 30°C. At 21°C inhibition of Listeria began after 18 and 24h and at 30°C after 12 and 15h of incubation in samples inoculated with 1.0 and .25% S. cremoris , respectively. In all trials with L. monocytogenes plus S. cremoris , populations of the pathogen increased to 10 4 to 10 5 /ml before the start of inhibition; the pH of the medium at that time was approximately 5.5 (the value at which it is claimed to be ready for use). Complete inhibition of L. monocytogenes in IPCM-1 medium by S. cremoris was not seen when this pH was reached.
The rapid disappearance of muscle AMP aminohydrolase from blood plasma of normal and dystrophic chickens

Abstract The levels of creatine kinase and pyruvate kinase are increased 22 and 9.3 fold respectively in the blood plasma of dystrophic chickens as compared to normal controls. AMP aminohydrolase levels are not increased despite their abundance in muscle tissue. When AMP aminohydrolase was injected into a blood vessel, its rate of disappearance from the plasma was rapid with 97% of the enzyme disappearing with a half-life of 3.3 minutes. In contrast, the rate of disappearance of pyruvate kinase from the blood plasma is relatively slow, following a biphasic exponential decay with half-lives of 113 min and 710 min. These data suggest that the rates of disappearance of enzymes from the blood plasma is an important factor in determining whether increased plasma levels of these enzymes are observed in muscular dystrophy.
Effect of CdCl2 Treatment on the Interior of CdTe Crystals

An essential processing step in CdTe/CdS polycrystalline solar cells is heat treatment in CdCl 2 . We present photoluminescence results from single crystals of CdTe that have been exposed to CdCl 2 treatments at 387 C similar to those used in actual cell fabrication. Using sub band gap excitation from a tunable diode laser, we probe states in the interior of the crystal. We show that high-purity (99.998 percent) CdCl 2 treatment results in the appearance of a 1.45 eV donor-acceptor transition that is likely due to a Cl-Cu center. Low purity (99.7 percent) CdCl 2 treatment results in the appearance of the 1.45 eV line and a 1.555 eV Cu-related emission. These results indicate that the CdCl 2 treatment has an effect on the interior of CdTe grains, in addition to its already well established effect on grain boundaries in polycrystalline CdS/CdTe devices. They also imply that CdCl 2 treatment may result in the incorporation of Cu into the CdTe grains. The results will be related to the effects of CdCl 2 on polycrystalline CdS/CdTe devices that have been observed by other groups. This work is supported by NREL
Ectopic expression of the homeobox gene Cux-1 rescues calcineurin inhibition in mouse embryonic kidney cultures.

Cux-1 is a murine homeobox gene structurally related to Drosophila cut. Cux-1 is highly expressed in the nephrogenic zone of the developing kidney, where its expression coincides with cell proliferation. Cux-1 functions as a transcriptional repressor of the cyclin kinase inhibitors (CKI) p21 and p27. Cux-1 DNA binding activity is negatively regulated by phosphorylation, and dephosphorylation of Cux-1 results in increased DNA binding. Transgenic mice ectopically expressing Cux-1 develop renal hyperplasia associated with the down-regulation of the CKI p27. Calcineurin A (CnA) α (−/−) mice display renal hypoplasia associated with the ectopic expression of p27. CnA is a serine/threonine phosphatase activated by intracellular calcium. Inhibiting CnA with cyclosporin A (CsA) leads to nephron deficit in rat metanephric organ cultures and apoptosis in various renal cell lines. To determine whether the ectopic expression of p27 in CnA-α −/− kidneys results from the down-regulation of Cux-1, metanephroi from embryonic Cux-1 transgenic and wild-type mice were harvested and cultured with CsA for 5 days. CsA treatment significantly inhibited growth of wild-type metanephroi. In contrast, CsA-treated Cux-1 transgenic kidney cultures were not growth inhibited, but showed high levels of cell proliferation in the nephrogenic zone. Moreover, in CsA-treated Cux-1 transgenic kidney cultures, p27 was not expressed in the nephrogenic zone, but only up-regulated in maturing glomeruli and tubules. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ectopic expression of Cux-1 can rescue the effects of CsA inhibition of CnA and suggest that Cux-1 may be regulated by calcineurin A. Developmental Dynamics 236:184–191, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nucleotide sequence of the fadR gene, a multifunctional regulator of fatty acid metabolism in Escherichia coli

Abstract The Escherichia coli fadR gene is a multifunctional regulator of fatty acid and acetate metabolism. In the present work the nucleotide sequence of the 1.3 kb DNA fragment which encodes FadR has been determined. The coding sequence of the fadR gene is 714 nucleotides long and is preceded by a typical E. coli ribosome binding site and is followed by a sequence predicted to be sufficient for factor-independent chain termination. Primer extension experiments demonstrated that the transcription of the fadR gene initiates with an adenine nucleotide 33 nucleotides upstream from the predicted start of translation. The derived fadR peptide has a calculated molecular weight of 26,972. This is in reasonable agreement with the apparent molecular weight of 29,000 previously estimated on the basis of maxi-cell analysis of plasmid encoded proteins. There is a segment of twenty amino acids within the predicted peptide which resembles the DNA recognition and binding site of many transcriptional regulatory proteins.
Carbon dioxide fluxes over a grazed prairie and seeded pasture in the Northern Great Plains.

Abstract Temperate grasslands are vast terrestrial ecosystems that may be an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle; however, annual C flux data for these grasslands are limited. The Bowen ratio/energy balance (BREB) technique was used to measure CO 2 fluxes over a grazed mixed-grass prairie and a seeded western wheatgrass [ Pascopyrum smithii (Rybd) Love] site at Mandan, ND from 24 April to 26 October in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Above-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) were measured about every 21 days throughout the season. Root biomass and soil organic C and N content were determined to 110 cm depth in selected increments about mid-July each year. Peak above-ground biomass and LAI coincided with peak fluxes and occurred between mid-July to early August. Biomass averaged 1227 and 1726 kg ha −1 and LAI 0.44 and 0.59, for prairie and western wheatgrass, respectively. Average CO 2 flux for the growing season was 279 g CO 2 m −2 for prairie and 218 g CO 2 m −2 for western wheatgrass (positive flux is CO 2 uptake and negative flux is CO 2 loss to the atmosphere). Using prior measured dormant season CO 2 fluxes from the prairie sites gave annual flux estimates that ranged from −131 to 128 g CO 2 m −2 for western wheatgrass and from −70 to 189 g CO 2 m −2 for the prairie. This wide range in calculated annual fluxes suggests that additional research is required concerning dormant season flux measurements to obtain accurate estimates of annual CO 2 fluxes. These results suggest Northern Great Plains mixed-grass prairie grasslands can either be a sink or a source for atmospheric CO 2 or near equilibrium, depending on the magnitude of the dormant season flux.
Hispanic Youth/Young Adults with Disabilities: Parents' Visions for the Future

The rapid increase of culturally and linguistically diverse populations in the United States has important implications for service delivery. Addressing the needs of individuals transitioning from ...
DNA structures contributing to the instability of recombinant plasmids inStreptococcus thermophilus

Bifunctional shuttle vector (pBN183) and recombinant plasmids (pDCO2 and pDCO3) carrying aStreptomyces cholesterol oxidase gene (choA) were deleted to varying degrees inStreptococcus thermophilus. Restriction mapping of the deleted plasmids led to the identification of deletion prone regions in the transforming DNAs. Sequence analysis revealed that direct repeats and hairpin structures occurred in these regions, suggesting that they are deleterious to the stability of plasmids inS. thermophilus.
Higher-order effects on flow and transport in randomly heterogeneous porous media.

Advective solute transport in nonuniform geologic media is generally nonlocal and non-Fickian [Neuman, 1993; Cushman and Ginn, 1993]. In statistically homogeneous log conductivity fields under uniform mean flow, the transport is expected to become asymptotically local and Fickian at late time. During the earlier preasymptotic regime, macrodispersivity (a measure of the rate at which a plume spreads) is expected to vary with solute residence time. A first-order (linear in the natural log hydraulic conductivity variance, σ2) analysis of this variation has been performed by Dagan [1984, 1987, 1988]. He found that, when local dispersion is neglected, the longitudinal macrodispersivity increases monotonically from zero toward a constant asymptote. However, the transverse macrodispersivity first increases from zero to a peak value, then decreases monotonically toward zero. The first-order asymptotic analyses by Winter [1982], Gelhar and Axness [1983] and Winter et al. [1984] also yield zero transverse macrodispersivity when local dispersion is disregarded.
The effect of encoding task on memory for sentence pairs varying in causal relatedness

Abstract Subjects read pairs of sentences varying in degree of causal relatedness and then recalled one sentence of each pair given the other as cue. When subjects read for comprehension, recall was a quadratic function of causal relatedness. When subjects wrote an elaboration sentence for each pair, recall did not vary with causal relatedness. When subjects studied each pair for 30 s, recall again varied with causal relatedness. When recall was delayed, performance dropped more steeply in the comprehension and study conditions than in the elaboration condition. The results support a model in which elaborations are the critical factor influencing the shape of the recall function. Other models based on strength or quality of links or on reconstructive strategies are also discussed.
Determining surface roughness and displacement height

Vertical flux densities of momentum and sensible heat, obtained from simultaneous wind speed and air temperature profiles in the surface layer, depend on the displacement height of the profile system and the surface roughness. A criterion for selecting the displacement height and the surface roughness is introduced, which requires a minimum value for the error squares between the observed and a calculated wind speed profile as determined by diabatic surface layer theory. Values of displacement height and surface roughness, which provide a minimum error squares fit within a desired tolerance, are selected by the rule of false position. The method is programmed for digital computer solution and applied to a total number of 628 profiles obtained during a 7-day period at a micrometeorological test site near Davis, California, using five measurement levels to 160 cm height.
Impact simulation and full scale crash testing of a low profile concrete work zone barrier

The development of a new low profile portable concrete barrier system for use in roadside work zone environments is presented. By making extensive use of non-linear dynamic finite element impact simulation, several cycles of concept refinement were carried out using simulation rather than expensive full scale crash testing. Issues such as ensuring stable vehicle redirection during impact, properly accounting for frictional effects (and associated energy dissipation), and monitoring system energy parameters are discussed together with corresponding example simulations. Results obtained from full scale crash testing of the barrier validate the simulation methodology and demonstrate successful barrier performance.
Nonlocal approximation to the exchange potential and kinetic energy of an inhomogeneous electron gas

A nonlocal approximation to the exchange energy and the exchange potential of an inhomogeneous electron gas is presented that is based on the conservation of the main characteristics of the correct Fermi hole. Tested for atoms, it gives better results than the local-density approximation. A new kinetic-energy functional in the Hartree-Fock approximation is also derived that depends explicitly on the exchange-correlation factor. When our nonlocal approximation is used in it, resonable results for the kinetic energy of atoms are obtained.
Attentional But Not Pre-Attentive Neural Measures of Auditory Discrimination Are Atypical in Children With Developmental Language Disorder

We examined neural indices of pre-attentive phonological and attentional auditory discrimination in children with developmental language disorder (DLD, n = 23) and typically developing (n = 16) peers from a geographically isolated Russian-speaking population with an elevated prevalence of DLD. Pre-attentive phonological MMN components were robust and did not differ in two groups. Children with DLD showed attenuated P3 and atypically distributed P2 components in the attentional auditory discrimination task; P2 and P3 amplitudes were linked to working memory capacity, development of complex syntax, and vocabulary. The results corroborate findings of reduced processing capacity in DLD and support a multifactorial view of the disorder.
A diabody that dissociates to monomer forms at low concentration: effects on binding activity and tumor targeting.

Abstract A human scFv, 15-9, was selected from a phage display library for binding to murine laminin-1. A diabody was made from the scFv by shortening the linker from 15 to 5 amino acids between the VH and VL sequence. Radioiodinated scFv and diabody were analyzed for size, binding to laminin, and biodistribution in tumor bearing mice. Diabody preparations at concentrations greater than 10 nM were largely dimer forms (∼60 kDa) as judged by gel filtration, but diluted diabody was eluted as a monomer (∼30 kDa). At low concentrations the radiolabeled diabody did not bind well to laminin. The 125 I diabody had significantly lower accumulation in tumors than did the scFv when injected at lower concentrations. These data indicate that the diabody dimer dissociates at concentrations of about 10 nM resulting in monomers with no binding activity for laminin and poor tumor homing properties.
Detecting bug duplicate reports through local references

Background: Bug Tracking Repositories, such as Bugzilla, are designed to support fault reporting for developers, testers and users of the system. Allowing anyone to contribute finding and reporting faults has an immediate impact on software quality. However, this benefit comes with at least one side-effect. Users often file reports that describe the same fault. This increases the maintainer's triage time, but important information required to fix the fault is likely contributed by different reports.Aim: The objective of this paper is twofold. First, we want to understand the dynamics of bug report filing for a large, long duration open source project, Firefox. Second, we present a new approach that can reduce the number of duplicate reports.Method: The novel element in the proposed approach is the ability to concentrate the search for duplicates on specific portions of the bug repository. Our system can be deployed as a search tool to help reporters query the repository.Results: When tested as a search tool our system is able to detect up to 53% of duplicate reports.Conclusion: The performance of Information Retrieval techniques can be significantly improved by guiding the search for duplicates. This approach results in higher detection rates and constant classification runtime.
Gradient Phase-Shifter Transitions Fabricated by Ion Milling

Abstract Non printing phase transitions will be useful for the general application of phase shifting masks for projection lithography. Phase shifter transitions with a moderate variation of the transmitted light were fabricated using ion milling. A progressing shadow and a corresponding variation in etch depth along the transition was achieved by changing the tilt angle of the sample during the process. Simulations show the improved performance of a gradient transition as compared to step transitions with one 90° intermediate layer. Transitions featuring a continuous slope exhibit reduced linewidth variation and smaller intensity dips. The gradient transitions were formed in theSi02 phase shift layer on top of the chromium layer on the masks. The ion milling with rotating sample was simulated to predict the slope shape and etch rates. The predictions obtained from the etch simulations were in agreement with experimental results. Ion milled gradient transitions were tested by exposing and developing positive photoresist. The resist pattern verified the simulation results.
NECESSARY MEASURES AND LOGISTICS TO MAXIMIZE THE SAFETY OF VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ATTENDING PARENT EDUCATION PROGRAMS

This article suggests measures that should be taken to ensure, as much as possible, the safety of victims of domestic violence. Because victims and perpetrators of domestic violence will inevitably be attendees at parent education programs, such programs must be sensitive to the safety concerns of these victims. Only when victims of domestic violence are safe will their children be safe and able to benefit from what their parents learn at these education programs. This article concludes that, by weaving common-sense logistical, administrative, and curricular recommendations into the fabric of every parent education program, the safety of victims and children will be prioritized as it must be, while all attendees still receive the maximum benefit from these valuable programs.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions for pain associated with chronic illnesses

Abstract Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions are often used as adjunct treatments with standard medical care to help patients with chronic illnesses better manage their pain and distress or improve function. We review the primary assumptions and the four essential components that underlie all CBT interventions. We then examine the outcomes produced by CBT interventions for patients with two chronic illnesses for which the source of pain is well understood (rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis of the knee) and three disorders characterized by “medically unexplained” pain and other symptoms (fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome). We employed American Psychological Association criteria for empirically validated treatments to evaluate the CBT intervention outcomes. Using these criteria, we conclude that CBT is a well-established adjunct treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and is probably efficacious for patients with knee osteoarthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome. However, CBT interventions must be considered as an experimental therapy for patients with fibromyalgia. The negative findings associated with CBT for fibromyalgia may be due to several factors such as high levels of psychiatric morbidity or abnormal pain sensitivity among the patients. It is necessary for investigators to devote effort to identifying the factors that account for poor CBT outcomes and to modify current CBT protocols to address these factors.
Population landscape: a geometric approach to studying spatial patterns of the US urban hierarchy

We present a geometric and graphic approach to studying spatial patterns of urban hierarchy in the US. The multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram is found to be effective for visualizing theoretical regions delineated by socio‐economic variables. The population landscape of the continental US demonstrates overall and stepwise patterns reflecting population, neighborhood and distance, with overwhelming influence from huge metropolitan areas. Stepwise exploration and cluster analysis of the spatial pattern reveal an urban hierarchy. Attributes and arrangement are the two important factors of urban hierarchy, with attribute having a stronger local influence and arrangement having a stronger global influence. The study also presents a variation of Zipf's law to visualize the rank‐size distribution from tabular and statistical space to map space.
THE REACTIONS OF SOME ORTHO-SUBSTITUTED ANILINES WITH VARIOUS α,β-ACETYLENIC KETONES. A ROUTE TO SUBSTITUTED QUINOLINES

The reactions of some ortho-substituted anilines with various α,β-acetylenic ketones were investigated as a route to 4-alkyl-, 4-aryl-, 4-hydroxy-, and 4-amino-3-quinolyl ketones. The anilines examined were 2-aminoacetophenone (1), 2-aminobenzophenone (2), anthranilonitrile (3), methyl anthranilate (4), and ethyl anthranilate (5). The acetylenic ketones used were 1,4-diphenyl-2-butyne-1,4-dione (6), 3-butyn-2-one (7), 1,3-diphenyl-2-propyn-1-one (8), and 4-phenyl-3-butyn-2-one (9). The acetylenic ketones typically reacted with the anilines to give enamines; however, exceptions were found. Acetylene 6 reacts with 3 to give the enamine (13) along with a small amount of 2,3-dibenzoyl-4-quinolamine (14). The reactions of 1 or 2 with 6 give the respective quinoline derivatives directly. Acetylene 8 reacts with 2 to give 3-benzoyl-2,4-diphenylquinoline (22) directly, whereas no reaction occurs between 8 and 1 or 3. Acetylene 9 does not react with 1, 2, or 3. The enamines exist as the intramolecularly hydrogen bonded isomers and usually undergo cyclization with 5 molar equivalents of methanolic sodium methoxide to give quinoline derivatives. The 4-quinolinols exist predominantly as the 4-quinolinone tautomer.
Abdominal surgery inhibits circulating acyl ghrelin and ghrelin-O-acyltransferase levels in rats: role of the somatostatin receptor subtype 2.

Clinical studies are evaluating the efficacy of synthetic ghrelin agonists in postoperative ileus management. However, the control of ghrelin secretion under conditions of postoperative gastric ile...
The Value of Milk Inspection for a Small City

Summary That milk inspection service in small cities is practical and by expending a comparatively small amount of money, in the case of the city of LaFayette $1000 per year covered all expenses, a marked improvement upon the quality of milk can be obtained. The results quoted were accomplished by a veterinarian devoting one-fourth of his time. Devoting of more time by the inspector and the conduction of more surveys would undoubtedly yield greater improvement.
Investigating the stability of a nonsupersymmetric landscape

We investigate the classical stability of nonsupersymmetric Freund-Rubin compactifications of Type IIB string theory on a product of three-dimensional Einstein spaces A{sub 3}xB{sub 3} with both Neveu-Schwarz (NS) and Ramond-Ramond (RR) three-form fluxes turned on through A{sub 3} and B{sub 3}, and a zero axion. This results in a three parameter family of AdS{sub 4} vacua, with localized sources such as anti-three-branes or orientifold planes required to cancel the RR four-form tadpole. We scan the entire space of such solutions for perturbative stability and find that anti-three branes are unstable to a Jeans-like instability. For orientifold compactifications, we derive a precise criterion which the three-dimensional Einstein spaces have to satisfy in order to be stable.
Percutaneous sclerosis of low-flow vascular malformations: technical considerations and comparison of sclerosants

Learning Objectives 1. Provide an overview of venous and lymphatic malformations. 2. Review the role of percutaneous sclerotherapy in their management. 3. Discuss technical considerations when performing percutaneous sclerosis. 4. Compare maximum doses, relative advantages and associated complications of available sclerosants. 5. Review outcomes after sclerotherapy, including change in lesion size, symptom relief, side effects and complications. Background 1. Low-flow vascular malformations are congenital lesions related to capillary, venous and lymphatic development that commonly occur in the head and neck and cause pain and symptoms related to compression of adjacent structures. 3. Treatments options include observation, surgical resection or percutaneous sclerotherapy. 4. Available sclerosants include ethanol, doxycycline, bleomycin and detergents. Clinical Findings/Procedure Details 1. Pretreatment imaging with MR or US can help characterize the lesion, including the presence of a large draining vein (venous) or size of internal cysts (lymphatic). 2. Large draining veins are occluded using endovascular techniques, manual compression or surgical ligation to increase dwell time and minimize systemic administration of sclerosant. 3. Cystic fluid in lymphatic malformations is aspirated prior to sclerosis. 4. Analgesics and steroids help reduce postprocedure pain and swelling related to inflammation. 5.The majority of malformations require repeat treatments. Conclusion and/or Teaching Points 1. Low-flow vascular malformations should be managed by a multidisciplinary team that includes interventional radiologists. 2. Percutaneous sclerotherapy is widely considered first line therapy for lymphatic and venous malformations. 3. Different sclerosants have distinct advantages and associated complications. 4. Pretreatment imaging and close postprocedure monitoring are used to minimize the extent of side effects and risk of complications. References 1. Love Z, Hsu DP. Low-flow vascular malformations of the head and neck: clinicopathology and image guided therapy. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2011Oct.3. 2. Legiehn GM, Heran MK. Venous malformations: classification, development, diagnosis, and interventional radiologic management. Radiol Clin North Am. 2008 May;46(3):545-97, vi.
Key Local and Surgical Factors Related to Implant Failure

The concept of osseointegration has revolutionized the treatment options for the replacement of missing teeth in both partially and completely edentulous patients. Dental implants are widely used because clinical practice and studies have documented its successful outcomes. However, implants can occasionally fail, and such failures can be classified as early or late. Measures that can aid in the early recognition of failing osseointegrated implants are needed, as are measures that can facilitate appropriate treatment methods aimed at saving failing implants by determining the probable etiologic factors. This article summarizes our current understanding of the local factors that can be linked to implant failure.
Age-related hypotensive effect of atropine in unanesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract Intravenous injection of atropine (0.5–20 mg/kg) produced a dose- and age-dependent decrease in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) of conscious spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats 11–20 weeks of age. No effect on blood pressure occurred in age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls; however, heart rate was increased in both groups. In contrast to atropine, the same doses of methylatropine increased MAP and heart rate in both SH and WKY rats. Methylatropine also failed to modify the hypotensive effect of atropine in SH rats. The difference between the effects on blood pressure of atropine and methylatropine in SH rats was not seen when the animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital. In this case both agents reduced MAP. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of atropine in doses up to 200 μg in SH rats failed to modify MAP and was without effect on the hypotensive response to intravenous injection of atropine. Likewise, i.c.v. injection of hemicholinium-3 (which reduced MAP in SH rats) failed to modify the hypotensive effect of atropine. However, intravenous injection of atropine (10 mg/kg) prevented the hypotensive effect of hemicholinium-3. Theser results are discussed in terms of central and peripheral muscarinic mechanisms.
Salivary cotinine levels in children presenting with wheezing to an Emergency Department

We set out to evaluate salivary cotinine concentrations to judge tobacco smoke exposure among infants and children, and to examine the results in relation to age and wheezing. This was a case-control study of wheezing children (n = 165) and children without respiratory tract symptoms (n = 106) who were enrolled in the Pediatric Emergency Department at the University of Virginia. The age range of both wheezing and control patients was 2 months to 16 years. Questionnaires were combined with cotinine assays in saliva to evaluate exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) for each child. The prevalence of exposure to one or more smokers at home was high (68%); and 43% of the children enrolled were exposed to ETS from their mothers. According to the questionnaires, and after adjusting for age and race, a wheezing child in this study was more likely than a control to be exposed to at least one smoker at home (odds ratio = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1–3.4). However, the odds of exposure to ETS from smoking mothers did not differ significantly between wheezing and control patients, and no significant association was found between the presence of wheezing and salivary cotinine levels. Among children exposed to ETS at home, cotinine levels were significantly higher in saliva from those under the age of two years, and from toddlers aged 2 and 3 years, compared to values from children over age 4 years. Moreover, the number of smokers in the home strongly influenced cotinine levels from children under age 4 years. In addition, higher cotinine levels were observed in saliva from children under age 2 years who were exposed to ETS from their mothers. Cotinine levels were similar and significantly correlated in paired samples of saliva and serum from children under 4 years of age (n = 54), (r = 0.92, P < 0.001). Based on information gathered from questionnaires, the results indicate that wheezing children were more likely than controls to be exposed to ETS at home. However, significant differences in ETS exposure between wheezing and control groups with respect to maternal smoke exposure or comparisons of salivary cotinine levels were not apparent. It was clear that determinations of salivary cotinine for monitoring the prevalence and intensity of household smoke exposure in this study were most valuable during the first 4 years of life. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2000;29:257–263. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Further remarks on the Global Newton method

Abstract In this work, we are concerned with the behavior of Smale's ‘Global Newton’ process, starting from points not necessarily on the boundary. We find that the process is locally system stable in the sense that, sufficiently near an equilibrium, one is almost always led to some equilibrium of the system. However, the ‘Global Newton’ process is found typically not to be globally stable; instead, families of cycles appear, preventing convergence to equilibrium.
Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Algae in Lake Washington after Diversion of Sewage

After diversion of sewage effluent from Lake Washington, winter concentrations of phosphate and nitrate decreased at different rates. From 1963 to 1969, phosphate decreased to 28 percent of the 1963 concentration, but nitrate remained at more than 80 percent of the 1963 value. Free carbon dioxide and alkalinity remained relatively high. The amount of phytoplanktonic chlorophyll in the summer was very closely related to the mean winter concentration of phosphate, but not to that of nitrate or carbon dioxide.
Monitoring Deep Body Temperature Responses of Broilers Using Biotelemetry

Abstract A popular notion among researchers is that management of animal environments could be improved with the use of physiological data collected in real time. This is a sort of “listen to the patient” approach to climate control. What variables to monitor and just how to use them is the subject of much research. Deep body temperature (DBT) has been pointed out in the literature as a potential indicator of heat stress. In this paper, we describe a number of investigations into the responsiveness and on-line measurability of DBT in commercial broilers. A biotelemetry system monitored DBT responses of broilers to changes in ambient temperature and relative humidity. Birds were less able to maintain their DBT when increases of ambient temperature occurred at faster rates. These results indicate that DBT is quite responsive to changes in the ambient environment. This together with the fact that responses could be measured on-line, make DBT a good stress indicator in poultry.
Neck Pain One Week after Pacemaker Generator Replacement

Abstract Background The incidence of cardiac pacemaker implantation has risen markedly in the past three decades, making awareness of possible postprocedural complications critical to the emergency physician. This case is the first documented instance of internal jugular (IJ) deep vein thrombosis (DVT) from an uncomplicated pacemaker generator replacement. Case Report A patient presented to an Emergency Department with a 2-day history of mild left temporal headache migrating to his left neck. The patient did not volunteer this information, but review of systems revealed a temporary transvenous pacemaker inserted through the right IJ vein 1 week previously during a routine exchange of a left-sided cardiac pacemaker generator. Manipulation of the existing pacemaker wires entering the left subclavian vein was minimal. Computed tomographic angiography of the neck demonstrated near-complete thrombotic occlusion of the entire length of his left IJ vein. This required hospital admission for observation and treatment with anticoagulation. Why Should An Emergency Physician Be Aware Of This? DVT, with thrombotic extension into adjacent vessels anywhere along the course of pacemaker wires, should be considered by the emergency provider in the evaluation of head, neck, or upper extremity symptoms after recent or remote implantation or manipulation of a transvenous cardiac pacemaker, including generator replacement. Failure to identify and treat appropriately could result in significant morbidity and mortality from airway edema, septic thrombophlebitis, superior vena cava syndrome, superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism.
Redox properties of the disulfide bond of human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase and the effects of human glutaredoxin 1.

The intramolecular disulfide bond in hSOD1 [human SOD1 (Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase 1)] plays a key role in maintaining the protein’s stability and quaternary structure. In mutant forms of SOD1 that cause familial ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), this disulfide bond is more susceptible to chemical reduction, which may lead to destabilization of the dimer and aggregation. During hSOD1 maturation, disulfide formation is catalysed by CCS1 (copper chaperone for SOD1). Previous studies in yeast demonstrate that the yeast GSH/Grx (glutaredoxin) redox system promotes reduction of the hSOD1 disulfide in the absence of CCS1. In the present study, we probe further the interaction between hSOD1, GSH and Grxs to provide mechanistic insight into the redox kinetics and thermodynamics of the hSOD1 disulfide. We demonstrate that hGrx1 (human Grx1) uses a monothiol mechanism to reduce the hSOD1 disulfide, and the GSH/hGrx1 system reduces ALS mutant SOD1 at a faster rate than WT (wild-type) hSOD1. However, redox potential measurements demonstrate that the thermodynamic stability of the disulfide is not consistently lower in ALS mutants compared with WT hSOD1. Furthermore, the presence of metal cofactors does not influence the disulfide redox potential. Overall, these studies suggest that differences in the GSH/hGrx1 reaction rate with WT compared with ALS mutant hSOD1 and not the inherent thermodynamic stability of the hSOD1 disulfide bond may contribute to the greater pathogenicity of ALS mutant hSOD1.
Using transmission properties to determine blood glucose levels

A non-intrusive technique based on modeling the body as a transmission channel was tested in vitro and was shown to perform equally with a commercial OTS glucose meter on saline-glucose solutions of concentrations of glucose from 30 to 300 mg/dL. The technique uses an initial frequency sweep to locate a frequency where a resonant response occurs. At that position the phase is changing rapidly and can therefore be used more easily to measure a phase difference. This sweet spot can be natural or assisted. Present efforts are toward a system which uses a feedback amplifier with a low phase margin in order to easily find the the region of rapid phase change. Initial tests measuring known glucose concentrations with an OTS glucose meter and then using the proposed technique were shown to correlate with the actual concentrations with an R2 = 0.9879 and R2 = 0.9952 respectively (with one outlier data point removed). Further tests are being conducted in vitro on whether other interfering agents may disrupt results. The ultimate goal of the development of this technique is to fabricate a device that is worn externally on the upper arm and does not require blood for testing. A device is being built and is scheduled for human subject testing in Summer 2013. Some results of human testing may be available at the EMBC conference. Human testing will involve measurements done with our device against an OTS glucose meter and results compared. The future goal is to refine the device so that it can be worn 24 hours a day and will automatically test the wearer at a user specified interval such as 10 or 20 minutes by transmitting a low power signal for a few microseconds. Power levels are still being determined but, in simulation, nano-watts was sufficient for the distance needed to travel which is orders of magnitude less than present day cell phones. To evaluate safety of the system, 3D electromagnetic simulations are being carried out with the device positioned strapped to the upper arm. Simulations show transmission along the targeted paths which suggests that affective glucose sensing is possible with this device.
Field compensation for high-dispersion spectrographs

Abstract A novel method for compensating the field distortion of high-dispersion spectrographs is suggested.
The effectiveness of triiodothyronine or thyroxine administered orally in the treatment of myxedema.

THE introduction of the use of whole thyroid gland in the treatment of myxedema in 1891 (1, 2) pioneered the development of specific hormonal replacement therapy. Thyroxine, believed to be the effective principle of the thyroid gland, was isolated in 1915 by Kendall (3). Its chemical structure was determined and its synthesis was accomplished in 1927 by Harington and Barger (4). It has been clearly demonstrated that identical metabolic effects result from the administration of desiccated thyroid and synthetically prepared thyroxine. However, the latter was thought to be ineffective when administered orally to patients with myxedema due to poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (5). The numerous difficulties inherent in the chemical synthesis of thyroxine permitted only limited quantities for experimental studies and impeded more extensive investigations on the use of thyroxine by mouth. Desiccated thyroid has thus remained for more than sixty years the agent of choice in the treatment of myxedema.