cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fine-Scale Magnetic Effects on P-Modes and Higher Frequency Acoustic Waves in a Solar Active Region

We present results from a 5 hr time series of simultaneous high-resolution measurements of oscillations in the photosphere and the chromosphere on fine spatial scales for a rapidly evolving solar active region and examine their relation to the vector magnetic field. The photospheric oscillations are determined from Doppler shifts in the Zeeman-insensitive spectral line Fe I 557.6 nm, whereas the chromospheric oscillations are determined from the intensity fluctuations seen in the Ca II K line. The vector magnetic field configurations just prior to and just after the time-series measurements are obtained from the full Stokes inversion of the line profiles of Fe I 630.15 and 630.25 nm. In both the photosphere and the chromosphere, p-mode power is suppressed by the magnetic field, decreasing with increasing field strength. At higher frequencies (above the acoustic cutoff) power is also suppressed at the highest magnetic field strengths in the photosphere and the chromosphere but is enhanced in the photosphere in localized patches ("halos") of intermediate field strength surrounding the patches of highest field strength (as first reported by Brown et al.). The evidence for similar halos in the chromosphere (as first seen by Braun et al. and Toner & LaBonte) and their association with the photospheric halos is less clear. We find seismic evidence, in the forms of suppression of p-mode and higher frequency power and a halo of enhanced higher frequency power, for a developing pore prior to its appearance as a dark patch in Fe I 557.6 nm core intensity. This result shows that p-mode power suppression cannot be due primarily to the greater transparency of the cooler pore atmosphere.
Working with Conflict in Clinical Supervision: Wise Supervisors' Perspectives.

Eight female and 4 male supervisors identified by professional peers as highly competent were interviewed about experiences of conflict in supervision and their dependable strategies for managing it. Highly competent supervisors were open to conflict and interpersonal processing, willing to acknowledge shortcomings, developmentally oriented, and willing to leam from mistakes. They believed in creating strong supervisory alliances, discussing evaluation early on, modeling openness to conflict, and providing timely feedback. Dependable strategies included contextualizing conflicts in light of developmental and environmental factors, seeking consultation with colleagues, self-coaching, processing conflicts, accentuating supervisee strengths, interpreting parallel processes, and withdrawing from supervisee dynamics.
The iron age in Mediterranean France: Colonial encounters, entanglements, and transformations

During the last seven centuries of the first millennium BC, the indigenous societies of Mediterranean France underwent a series of gradual social and cultural transformations that are linked in complex ways to their encounter and increasing entanglement with the broader Mediterranean world. This article presents a synthesis of current knowledge of this issue and explores some of the main themes guiding research. New evidence concerning the alien colonial agents (Etruscan, Greek, Punic/Iberian, and Roman), and the contrasting nature of their presence and power in the region, is discussed, as is evidence concerning forms of indigenous engagement with colonial states and paths of social and cultural change. The consumption of alien goods (wine, ceramics) and the adoption of foreign techniques and practices (ceramic production methods, coinage, writing) are examined in terms of the locally situated logic of demand and the ramifications for entanglement and change. Transformations in settlements, ritual spaces, funerary practices, and the agrarian landscape are discussed.
Oxidative removal of selected endocrine-disruptors and pharmaceuticals in drinking water treatment systems, and identification of degradation products of triclosan.

Abstract The potential occurrences of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), as well as pharmaceuticals, are considered to be emerging environmental problems due to their persistence and continuous input into the aquatic ecosystem, even at only trace concentrations. This study systematically investigated the oxidative removal of eight specially selected ECDs and pharmaceuticals by comparing their relative reactivity as a function of different oxidative treatment processes (i.e., free chlorine, ozone, monochloramine, and permanganate) under various pH conditions. For the oxidative removal study, EDC and pharmaceutical standards were spiked into both deionized water and natural water, followed by treatment using common oxidants at typical water treatment concentrations. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was used for identification and quantification. The removal efficiency of the EDCs and pharmaceuticals varied significantly between oxidation processes. Free chlorine, permanganate, and ozone treatments were all highly effective at the elimination of triclosan and estrone, while they were not effective for removing ibuprofen, iopromide, and clofibric acid. Monochloramine (at a dose of 3 mg/L) was mostly ineffective in eliminating any of the selected EDCs and pharmaceuticals under the tested conditions. pH also played an important role in the removal efficiency of the EDCs and pharmaceuticals during free chlorine, permanganate, and ozone treatments. Additionally, the study identified the oxidation products of triclosan by permanganate, and 2,4-dichlorophenol was identified as the major oxidation product of triclosan by permanganate in drinking water system treatment. Furthermore, 2,4-dichlorophenol was further degradated to 4,5-dichloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol and/or 5,6-dichloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol. The kinetics for this reaction indicated that the reaction was first order in the drinking water system.
Hematological changes in tumor-bearing mice treated with L-asparaginase active guinea pig serum.

SummaryAnimals with lymphosarcoma developed progressive anemia, reticulocytosis, and leukocytosis with granulocytosis. In such animals the blood returned to almost normal values after a short treatment with L-asparaginase active serum. The hematocrit was a good index of response to the serum. The ascitic fluid in mice with 6C3HED lymphosarcoma treated with rabbit serum showed no host macrophage response. Marked macrophage infiltration occurred in those mice treated with the L-asparaginase active serum.
Miracles in the Shadow of the Economic Miracle: The 'Supernatural 50s' in West Germany

This essay explores the overlapping worlds of spiritual healing, everyday magic, popular religion, and witchcraft beliefs in West Germany in the 1950s. It takes seriously the subjective experiences of supernatural phenomena described in contemporary sources, but it is equally concerned with the friction those phenomena caused in that segment of the population that did not credit their reality. Historians have recently begun to revise long-standing portrayals of “society” in West Germany as an aggregate of labor and living-standard statistics, institutional church ties, and party-political affiliations—portrayals that had assumed a blandly conformist, consumerist, culturally undifferentiated, politically quiescent collectivity. Recent scholarship has often specifically highlighted the divisions and sources of antagonism in West German society—especially those surrounding gender, sexuality, race and ethnicity, aesthetics and consumerism, youth and popular culture, and the introduction of millions of ethnic German refugees and expellees into the Federal Republic.1 Still quite exceptional, however, are works that seek to uncover the
Comet Cernis - Icy grains at last?

An absorption feature at 2.9-3.0 microns has been detected for the first time in comet Cernis 19831 at 3.3 AU. The feature is interpreted as scattering by ice grains in the comet's coma. The thermal emission spectrum indicates that hot, micron-sized absorbing grains are also present in the coma.
In vitro bioactive behavior of hydroxylapatite-coated porous Al2O3

To produce bioactive materials for bone substitutes, two major deposition methods, suspension method and thermal deposition method, were employed to develop bioactive, mechanically strong, and porous ceramics. Hydroxylapatite (HA) has been uniformly coated onto inner pore surfaces of reticulated alumina substrates. It has been found that the in vitro bioactivity of HA coatings was affected by both structural crystallinity and specific surface area. Well-crystallized HA heat-treated at high temperatures has resulted in reduced bioactivity. The bio-reaction rate was found to increase with the surface area of HA. We have found that the stability of the well-crystallized HA is associated with the high driving force required for the formation of hydroxy-carbonate apatite (HCA) phase.
An evolving protocol to identify key stakeholder-influenced indicators of coastal change: the case of Marine Protected Areas

Vella, P., Bowen, R. E., and Frankic, A. 2009. An evolving protocol to identify key stakeholder-influenced indicators of coastal change: the case of Marine Protected Areas. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 203-213.In recent years, there has been a growing realization of the need to protect and conserve degrading environments. This can only be achieved through integrated management of environmental protection and the rational use of living and non-living resources. However, no management plan that aims at sustainable development can be successful unless the human factor is included. The concept of ecosystem-based management considers socio-economic issues in evaluating management effectiveness. In this paper, we present a method for selecting and prioritizing socio-economic indicators, using a bottom-up approach involving stakeholder input. This technique is developed further to measure the effectiveness of integrated coastal management, using a Marine Protected Area (MPA) as an example. Stakeholder input is essential at an early stage to ensure MPA management success, providing the opportunity to include public participation and ensure community support. This paper presents a transparent and adaptable indicator ranking protocol and evaluative rules, ensuring that an ecosystem-based approach can be more effectively implemented.
Peroxisomes in the nervous system of Aplysia californica: a cytochemical study.

We have studied the distribution of peroxisomes in the abdominal ganglion ofAplysia californica using electron microscopic cytochemical methods. Reaction product for catalase was observed in small ovoid or dumb-bell-shaped bodies in the perikarya of many of the neurons. The abundance of these catalase-reactive peroxisomes is considerably greater than is the case in vertebrate neurons. While the non-neuronal cells of the Aplysia abdominal ganglion do contain appreciable peroxisome populations, there were few peroxisomes in glial cytoplasm directly adjacent to the perikarya, again contrasting with vertebrate ganglia in which the satellite cells are a principal site of peroxisomes.
Attitude perturbations on a slowly spinning multibody satellite.

External perturbation effects of near earth environment on dynamics and attitude of slowly spinning multibody satellite
Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Monitor Lower Extremities in Patients on Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Patients on peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are at risk for lower extremity ischemia. Effective monitoring is needed to identify complications quickly and allow timely correction. Near-infrared spectroscopy has been used extensively in cerebral monitoring during cardiac surgery. We present its use in monitoring lower extremity perfusion in patients on ECMO. Five patients on ECMO had near-infrared spectroscopy monitors placed on the calf of both lower extremities. Continuous real-time tissue oxygen saturation data (stO2) was displayed and recorded. Two patients had lower extremity complications in the leg with the arterial cannula. The patients with complications had lower stO2 in the cannulated leg at the time of ECMO insertion, larger differences in stO2 between the legs at the time of insertion, lower nadir stO2s, and larger peak differences in stO2 between the legs than patients without limb complications. The use of near-infrared spectroscopy for continuous monitoring of tissue oxygenation in the lower extremities in patients on ECMO may allow early identification of patients with lower extremity complications.
Reinforcement mechanisms of olfactory conditioning during parasitization by the parasitoid Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae)

Through a single oviposition experience on their natural host in presence of vanilla odor, femaleBrachymeria intermedia were induced to drum and drill in a vanilla-scented artificial host. We examined which behaviors in the oviposition sequence mediated this conditioning: conditioning was most successful when odor exposure coincided with oviposition. Wasps were also conditioned when exposure to odor coincided with preoviposition drumming on the host, if drumming was followed by oviposition, and when exposure to odor coincided with drilling in an empty pupal case. Evidently, conditioning occurred through the formation of an association between the odor and the “aroused” state underlying host acceptance. These results support the hypothesis that conditioning occurs through a stimulus-arousal association rather than, as is generally assumed, through a stimulus-stimulus association.
FT-IR/PAS Investigation of Chromocene Supported on Silica

Chromocene anchored on silica has been investigated by Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FT-IR/PAS). The mid infrared spectrum of this olefin polymerization catalyst has been obtained before and after treatment with ethylene. A model complex for a key intermediate in the olefin polymerization has been observed. The design of a vacuum jacketed PA cell for use in a vacuum bench FT-IR spectrometer is also presented.
The ideology and politics of birth control in inter-war England.

Focus in this discussion is on the ideology and politics of birth control in inter-war England. Birth control ideology experienced considerable change in the immediate post World War 1 years. The working class birthrate began to significantly decline during this same period. The primary objective of birth controllers was to legitimize this trend by making birth control information freely available. World War 1 made discussion of birth control easier and physicians came to accept the use of the condom primarily because of its use as a prophylactic in the fight against venereal disease. The war did not make the Malthusian Leagues case for birth control any more acceptable nor did it remove moral objections to birth control. Birth control needed a new approach and this was provided by Marie Stopes. Stopes divorced herself totally from the League and worked to provide a strong scientific justification for birth control rather than an economic one. She was also determined to come to terms with eugenic opposition to birth control. The scientific nature of her efforts had ideological purpose and the Society of Constructive Birth Control and Racial Progress that she founded in 1921 reflected this. When other groups and individuals began to campaign for birth control in the mid and late 1920s they all built their arguments on those of Stopes. During the decade of the 1920s the government refused to permit any access to birth control information through the public health service. In 1930 it decided to permit such information to be given to nursing and expectant mothers at maternal and child welfare clinics when further pregnancy was deemed to be detrimental to health. The 1930 decision was a critical first step and meant that birth control had achieved a degree of respectability. An attempt is made in the subsequent discussion to determine why and which parts of the argument formulated by Stopes appealed so widely to physicians policymakers and pressure groups and to examine why the official response was so limited and the implications this had for the relationship of women to welfare policy. When the government took the first steps toward granting access to birth control information it did so on health grounds. No further liberalization of the law occurred and the argument that all women had the right of access to birth control information in order to space and limit the number of births was ignored. The population scare outweighted the case for birth control as a maternal and a racial measure by the mid 1930s.
Modeling of multicomponent-fuel drop-laden mixing layers having a multitude of species

A formulation representing multicomponent-fuel (MC-fuel) composition as a probability distribution function (PDF) depending on the molar mass is used to construct a model of a large number of MC-fuel drops evaporating in a gas flow, so as to assess the extent of fuel specificity on the vapor composition. The PDF is a combination of two Gamma PDFs, which was previously shown to duplicate the behavior of a fuel composed of many species during single drop evaporation. The conservation equations are Eulerian for the flow and Lagrangian for the physical drops, all of which are individually followed. The gas conservation equations for mass, momentum, species, and energy are complemented by differential conservation equations for the first four moments of the gas-composition PDF; all coupled to the perfect gas equation of state. Source terms in all conservation equations couple the gas phase to the drops. The drop conservation equations for mass, position, momentum, and energy are complemented by differential equations for four moments of the liquid-composition PDF. The simulations are performed for a three-dimensional mixing layer whose lower stream is initially laden with drops. Initial perturbations excite the layer to promote the double pairing of its four initial spanwise vortices to an ultimate vortex. The drop temperature is initially lower than that of the surrounding gas, initiating drop heating and evaporation. The results focus on both evolution and the state of the drops and gas when layers reach a momentum-thickness maximum past the double vortex pairing; particular emphasis is on the gas composition. Comparisons between simulations with n-decane, diesel, and three kerosenes show that at same initial Reynolds number and Stokes number distribution, a single-component fuel cannot represent MC fuels. Substantial differences among the MC-fuel vapor composition indicate that fuel specificity must be captured for the prediction of combustion.
Linking Splicing to Pol II Transcription Stabilizes Pre-mRNAs and Influences Splicing Patterns

RNA processing is carried out in close proximity to the site of transcription, suggesting a regulatory link between transcription and pre-mRNA splicing. Using an in vitro transcription/splicing assay, we demonstrate that an association of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription and pre-mRNA splicing is required for efficient gene expression. Pol II-synthesized RNAs containing functional splice sites are protected from nuclear degradation, presumably because the local concentration of the splicing machinery is sufficiently high to ensure its association over interactions with nucleases. Furthermore, the process of transcription influences alternative splicing of newly synthesized pre-mRNAs. Because other RNA polymerases do not provide similar protection from nucleases, and their RNA products display altered splicing patterns, the link between transcription and RNA processing is RNA Pol II-specific. We propose that the connection between transcription by Pol II and pre-mRNA splicing guarantees an extended half-life and proper processing of nascent pre-mRNAs.
NUCLEAR MATTER PROPERTIES FROM COLLECTIVE MODES IN NUCLEI

Bulk properties of nuclear matter associated with the equation of state, the nuclear matter incompressibility coefficient, Knm, in particular, are very important physical quantities required in the study of properties of nuclei, supernova collapse, neutron stars and heavy-ion collisions. Here we review the current status of Knm and the experimental and theoretical methods used to determine the value of Knm from the excitation cross-sections and the transition strength distributions of compression modes in nuclei, mainly the the isoscalar giant monopole resonance and the isoscalar giant dipole resonance.
In vitro selection of state-specific peptide modulators of G protein signaling using mRNA display.

The G protein regulatory (GPR) motif is a ∼20-residue conserved domain that acts as a guanine dissociation inhibitor (GDI) for G_(i/oα) subunits. Here, we describe the isolation of peptides derived from a GPR consensus sequence using mRNA display selection libraries. Biotinylated G_(iα1), modified at either the N or C terminus, serves as a high-affinity binding target for mRNA-displayed GPR peptides. In vitro selection using mRNA display libraries based on the C terminus of the GPR motif revealed novel peptide sequences with conserved residues. Surprisingly, selected peptides contain mutations to a highly conserved Arg in the GPR motif, previously shown to be crucial for binding and inhibition activities. The dominant peptide from the selection, R6A, and a minimal 9-mer peptide, R6A-1, do not contain Arg residues yet retain high affinity (K_D = 60 and 200 nM, respectively) and specificity for the GDP-bound state of G_(iα1), as measured by surface plasmon resonance. The selected peptides also maintain GDI activity for G_(iα1), inhibiting both the exchange of GDP in GTPγS binding assays and the AlF_4^--stimulated enhancement of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. The kinetics of GDI activity, however, are different for the selected peptides and demonstrate biphasic kinetics, suggesting a complex mechanism for inhibition. Like the GPR motif, the R6A and R6A-1 peptides compete with G_(βγ) subunits for binding to G_(iα1), suggesting their use as activators of G_(βγ) signaling.
Social metacognition and the creation of correct, new ideas: A statistical discourse analysis of online mathematics discussions

During asynchronous, online mathematics discussions, new ideas and justifications (knowledge content) and evaluations and invitations to participate (social metacognition) can influence the likelihood of a correct, new idea (CNI) in the current message. Using statistical discourse analysis, we modeled 894 messages by 183 participants on 60 high school mathematics topics on a mathematics problem solving website not connected to any class or school. Results showed that CNIs, justifications, and social metacognition (correct evaluations and questions) in recent messages increased the likelihood of a CNI in the current message. Meanwhile, more experienced participants (who had posted more messages on the website) had more CNIs, and participants who initiated topics had fewer CNIs. Applied to practice, these results suggest that teachers can facilitate students' creation of CNIs by encouraging them to justify their ideas, evaluate one another's ideas carefully, and ask questions during online mathematics discussions.
Specific expression of proteins and phosphoproteins in 3T3 T mesenchymal stem cells at distinct growth arrest and differentiation states.

. Murine mesenchymal stem cells can be induced to arrest their growth at a series of growth and differentiation states in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. These include the predifferentiation arrest state (GD) at which the integrated control of proliferation and differentiation is mediated, the growth factor/serum deficiency arrest state (GS), and the nutrient deficiency arrest state (GN). Cells at states of reversible nonterminal differentiation (GD) and irreversible terminal differentiation (TD) can also be isolated. In this paper we have employed 1- and 2-dimensional (D) gel electrophoresis to evaluate changes in specific proteins that occur during the various growth and differentiation states of 3T3 T mesenchymal stem cells. The protein composition of membrane, microsome and cytosol preparations of cells arrested at GD, GS and GN states was determined by 2-D gel electrophoresis. More than 50 distinct polypeptides could be identified for each arrest state in gels analysed by a silver staining procedure or by autoradiography following [35S]-methionine labelling. A second series of studies established that a more limited number of differences could be identified if phosphoproteins were analysed by 1-D gel electrophoresis in cells at the GS, GD, GD. and TD states. These results established that one distinct 37 kD phosphoprotein is present in all growth arrested cells and that two distinct differentiation-associated phosphoproteins with molecular weights of 29 kD and 72 kD are present in cells at the GD and TD states. Thus, the composition of proteins and phosphoproteins in mesenchymal stem cells serves to characterize different states of growth arrest and differentiation. The identification of differential protein expression provides an opportunity to test their functional role in growth and differentiation control.
Pulmonary delivery of antiviral drugs in liposome aerosols

Summary Today, through molecular biology, we see opportunities for the development of a host of new antiviral agents. This biologic revolution, which has produced a number of immunologic and genetic approaches to antiviral therapy in addition to the use of increasingly sophisticated biochemicals, will require much more study. For the large numbers of agents that can be tested against virus infections, particularly those involving the respiratory tract, the delivery of drugs in liposome aerosols further may enhance their potential for treatment while minimizing their toxicity.
Authentication, bandwidth, and collaboration: the library systems directors’ ABCs

For this third column in the IT I‐V (information technology interview) series, we interview library systems directors. While library directors (first column) and chief information officers (second column) addressed similar questions from a high‐level administrative perspective, this time we look at the practical aspects of these issues as told by systems directors working closely with the technologies themselves. Some of the questions were: “What challenges do you see libraries experiencing now and in the near future that could be assisted by information technology?”, “What would you like technologists/library automation vendors to work on that you do not see any progress in at this time?”, “What do you see as the ideal relationship between the library and the information technology offices of your campus or government unit?”, and “If you could explain one thing to technologists/library automation vendors that would help communication between you and them, what would it be?”.
Middle-School Science Through Design-Based Learning versus Scripted Inquiry: Better Overall Science Concept Learning and Equity Gap Reduction

This paper contrasts performances overall and by gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) for middle school students learning science through traditional scripted inquiry versus a design-based, systems approach. Students designed and built electrical alarm systems to learn electricity concepts over a four-week period using authentic engineering design methods. The contrast study took place in the eighth grade of an urban, public school district, with the systems approach implemented in 26 science classes (10 teachers and 587 students) and the scripted inquiry approach implemented in inquiry groups of 20 science classes (five teachers and 466 students). The results suggest that a systems design approach for teaching science concepts has superior performance in terms of knowledge gain achievements in core science concepts, engagement, and retention when compared to a scripted inquiry approach. The systems design approach was most helpful to low-achieving African American students.
Spectroscopic Studies of Membrane Protein Folding: Changes in Hydration

We have investigated the folding reaction of a model beta-barrel membrane protein, OmpA, using vibrational and electronic spectroscopy. Our primary focus is to interrogate changes in hydration during insertion and folding of the protein into the bilayer. The results suggest that expulsion of water and residual denaturant from the bilayer and/or protein core may give rise to the long-time component in folding kinetics. This finding is discussed in the context of in vitro mechanisms for membrane protein folding.
A treasure trove of gene expression patterns.

Combining cell group specific gene expression patterns with recent technologies has provided insights into brain circuitry. A new resource may make it possible for those studying the hypothalamus to use these techniques as well.
Preparation and spectroscopic properties of 2‐benzothiazolyl araldehyde hydrazones

Notwithstanding its tendency toward air oxidation in solution, 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole I reacted with aromatic aldehydes in ethanol to give the corresponding hydrazones III-XV in high yields and analytical purity. In related examples, acylation took place under similar conditions to produce hydrazides XVI-XX. The near-infrared bands of the absorption spectra of the araldehyde hydrazones have been associated with charge transfer and appeared to correlate with structural elements of the compounds in a way suggesting that the charge transfer was intermolecular.
The Use of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Gardasil) as Adjuvant Therapy in the Treatment of Recurrent Respiratory Papilloma

Summary Objective To examine the effect of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine, Gardasil, on the disease course of patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Methods A retrospective chart review of patients with RRP was conducted and 20 patients were selected who had received the Gardasil vaccine as part of their treatment. Efficacy was assessed by calculating the intersurgical interval (ISI) before and after receiving the vaccine, as well as number of complete and partial remissions. Results Analysis of all patients found a significant increase in the ISI of 3.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–5.19, P =0.0061). Male patients experienced an increase in the ISI of 4.2 months (95% CI: 1.6–6.7, P =0.0048). Female patients had a nonsignificant increase in ISI of 1.2 months (95% CI: 3.1–5.4, P =0.51). Eight patients (40%; six male and two female) experienced complete remission. Five patients (25%) overall (three male and two female) experienced partial remission. In total, complete or partial remission was achieved in a total of 13 (65%) patients (nine male and four female). Conclusions The Gardasil vaccine can modulate the severity of RRP and induce remission in some patients. The effect was much greater in males and in females in low estrogen states.
LANGUAGE AFTER SECTION OF THE CEREBRAL COMMISSURES

SOME of the functional effects that appear in man following surgical separation of the hemispheres produced by complete transection of the corpus callosum plus the anterior and hippocampal commissures, with separation of the massa intermedia have been described in earlier reports (Gazzaniga, et al, 1962, 1963, 1965). The observations were based on two patients operated on by Drs. Philip Vogel and Joseph Bogen of the California College of Medicine at the White Memorial Medical Center in Los Angeles for relief of intractable seizures. In general the post-surgical studies indicate a striking functional independence of the gnostic activities of the two hemispheres. Perceptual, cognitive, mnemonic, learned and volitional activities persist in each hemisphere, but can proceed separately in each case outside the realm of awareness of the other hemisphere. The subjective experience of each hemisphere is known to the other only indirectly through lower level and peripheral effects.
Measurement of Triboelectric Response of Raw Cottons

By use of a novel commutator method, triboelectric potentials produced by rubbing cotton with various materials have been measured by comparison with known D.C. potentials. Results are given here for fiberboard (phenolic resin laminate, fabric base), cork roller material, syn thetic rubber roller material, Lucite, polystyrene, glass, and cellulose acetate sheet, used as rubbing materials on three varieties of cotton and trash extracted from baled cotton. The purpose of this study was to learn if the sufficiently great differences in triboelectricity produced by cot tons and trash could be used practically in the electrostatic cleaning of cotton.
Selective signal transmission to inlaid microcoils by inductive coupling

Inductive links are widely used to power medical implants, but are not suited to transmitting low frequency waveforms. Here, using amplitude modulation, such waveforms are transmitted via an integrated receiving coil and a passive demodulator. An "inlaid electroplating" process is used to fabricate microcoils of small resistance to obtain enhanced output. As our inductive link resonates at a frequency specific to the secondary microcoil, selective signal transmission is demonstrated with frequency-multiplexing input. Further, combining two coils with switching transistors, biphasic pulses are produced at the load, which has potential applications for biomedical electrical stimulations.
The G. I. Looks at the ASTP

Summary.— Soldier-students of Swedish, Norwegian and German express their opinions of the ASTP by means of a questionnaire. Their reactions are, on the whole, favorable, but pertinent criticisms and suggestions are offered as well.
Lightly doped drain transistors for advanced VLSI circuits

A comprehensive analysis of lightly doped drain (LDD) transistors is presented. We discuss LDD characteristics and ways to model the n-series resistance. This LDD structure has also been found to exhibit greater stability than conventional transistors when subjected to accelerated aging. By analyzing circuits employing both LDD and conventional devices we examine the tradeoffs between circuit performance and long-term circuit stability. We conclude that the fabrication sequence presented for an optimum LDD transistor will result in improved long-term circuit stability with minimal reduction in circuit performance.
A technique to transfer metallic nanoscale patterns to small and non-planar surfaces.

Conventional lithographic methods (e.g., electron-beam lithography, photolithography) are capable of producing high-resolution structures over large areas but are generally limited to large (>1 cm2) planar substrates. Incorporation of these features on unconventional substrates (i.e., small (<1 mm2) and/or non-planar substrates) would open possibilities for many applications, including remote fiber-based sensing, nanoscale optical lithography, three-dimensional fabrication, and integration of compact optical elements on fiber and semiconductor lasers. Here we introduce a simple method in which a thin thiol-ene film strips arbitrary nanoscale metallic features from one substrate and is then transferred, along with the attached features, to a substrate that would be difficult or impossible to pattern with conventional lithographic techniques. An oxygen plasma removes the sacrificial film, leaving behind the metallic features. The transfer of dense and sparse patterns of isolated and connected gold features ...
A Note on the Accuracy of Calibration of a Fifth Wheel

Abstract A series of experiments were carried out using a fifth wheel to determine how accurate the wheel was when using different calibration methods. The methods are described and the results analyzed to determine the effects of method and speed. It was found that the methods of calibration were not significantly different but the tests were speed‐dependent.
Self-reported ADHD and adjustment in college: Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings

Objective: To examine the association between self-reported ADHD and college adjustment. Participants: Study 1 included nearly 3400 undergraduates attending a public and private university. Study 2 included 846 students who participated during freshman and sophomore year. Method: Students completed a web-based survey that assessed diagnostic status and adjustment in multiple domains. Results: Relative to other students, those with self-reported ADHD had lower GPAs and reported more academic concerns, depressive symptoms, social concerns, emotional instability, and substance use. Overall, however, most were making satisfactory adjustments in these domains. Benefits of medication treatment were not found. Freshman year ADHD predicted lower GPA, increased academic concerns and alcohol use, and smoking initiation. Conclusion: Students with ADHD struggled relative to peers but most were adjusting reasonably well across multiple domains. Future research should move beyond the use of self-reported diagnosis and ...
The link between texting and motor vehicle collision frequency in the orthopaedic trauma population.

Background: This study will evaluate whether or not texting frequency while driving and/or texting frequency in general are associated with an increased risk of incurring a motor vehicle collision (MVC) resulting in orthopaedic trauma injuries. Methods: All patients who presented to the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Orthopaedic Trauma Clinic were administered a questionnaire to determine background information, mean phone use, texting frequency, texting frequency while driving, and whether or not the injury was the result of an MVC in which the patient was driving. Results: 237 questionnaires were collected. 60 were excluded due to incomplete date, leaving 57 questionnaires in the MVC group and 120 from patients with non-MVC injuries. Patients who sent more than 30 texts per week (“heavy texters”) were 2.22 times more likely to be involved in an MVC than those who texted less frequently. 84% of respondents claimed to never text while driving. Dividing the sample into subsets on the basis of age (25 years of age or below considered “young adult,” and above 25 years of age considered “adult”),young, heavy texters were 6.76 times more likely to be involved in an MVC than adult non-heavy texters (p = 0.000). Similarly, young adult, non-heavy texters were 6.65 (p = 0.005) times more likely to be involved in an MVC, and adult, heavy texters were 1.72 (p = 0.186) times more likely to be involved in an MVC. Conclusions: Patients injured in an MVC sent more text messages per week than non-MVC patients. Additionally, controlling for age demonstrated that young age and heavy general texting frequency combined had the highest increase in MVC risk, with the former being the variable of greatest effect.
Discrimination, drugs, and alcohol among Latina/os in Brooklyn, New York: differences by gender.

Abstract Background Based on a stress-coping framework, the present study investigates the relationship between discrimination and substance use, and the moderating effects of gender. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzes data from Latina/o young adults aged 18–25 ( N =401) from Brooklyn, New York. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the association between discrimination and substance use. Results Discrimination was significantly associated with increased odds of substance use adjusting for covariates (e.g. age, education). Gender was a moderator. Discrimination was associated with increased risk of alcohol/cannabis and hard drug use among young Latina women. However, discrimination was associated with decreased risk of alcohol/cannabis use and increased risk of hard drug use among young Latino men. Conclusion These findings suggest that discrimination is generally associated with risk for substance use, but further that the outcomes vary by gender. Future research should explore gender-specific dimensions of discrimination and their associations with other outcomes.
Resonance ultrasonic vibrations for crack detection in photovoltaic silicon wafers

The resonance ultrasonic vibrations (RUV) technique is adapted for non-destructive crack detection in full-size silicon wafers for solar cells. The RUV methodology relies on deviation of the frequency response curve of a wafer, ultrasonically stimulated via vacuum coupled piezoelectric transducer, with a periphery crack versus regular non-cracked wafers as detected by a periphery mounted acoustic probe. Crack detection is illustrated on a set of cast wafers. We performed vibration mode identification on square-shaped production-grade Si wafers and confirmed by finite element analyses. The modelling was accomplished for the different modes of the resonance vibrations of a wafer with a periphery crack to assess the sensitivity of the RUV method relative to crack length and crack location.
Action-Naming Performance in Four Syndromes of Aphasia

This study examined the influence of two situational contexts on the action-naming performances of 44 aphasic patients: single-word confrontation naming and naming within the context of connected speech. Subjects were evenly distributed among the syndromes of Broca's. Wernicke's, anomic, and conduction aphasia. The two naming tasks employed each comprised the same 18 target verbs. Naming performance was not systematically influenced by the particular naming task in any of the aphasia groups studied. However, for some individuals, particularly in the group of anomic aphasia, there were substantial performance discrepancies between scores obtained on the two different tasks. Correlations between scores on the confrontation-naming and picture-description tasks were highest for the Wernicke's aphasics, followed by the conduction, Broca's, and anomic aphasics. The extent to which action-naming error types could discriminate between the four groups of aphasics was examined. Results obtained in the present study were compared to results obtained in an earlier study on object-naming (S. Williams & G. Canter, 1982), Brain and Language, 17, 92-106). Discussion focuses on implications for the psycholinguistic processes involved in action versus object-naming.
Long-Term Hypoxia Changes Myometrial Responsiveness and Oxytocin Receptors in the Pregnant Ewe: Differential Effects on Longitudinal Versus Circular Smooth Muscle

Abstract Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that long-term hypoxia (LTH) altered in vitro contractile responses to oxytocin in full-thickness myometrial strips from pregnant sheep. The present study was designed to determine, first, if the reduced contractile response to oxytocin following LTH is the result of combined effects on longitudinal and circular smooth muscle or if the effect is specific to a single muscle layer and, second, if the reduced contractile response to oxytocin following LTH is caused by changes in oxytocin-receptor protein. Pregnant ewes were maintained at high altitude (3820 m) from Day 30 to Days 137–142 of gestation, when the ewes were killed for collection of myometrial tissue. Tissue was also collected from age-matched, normoxic controls. Longitudinal and circular layers were separated, length-tension curves generated to determine optimal resting tension, and all strips exposed to increasing half-log doses of oxytocin ranging from 10–12 to 10–6.5 M. The expression...
Brachytherapy partial breast irradiation: analyzing effect of source configurations on dose metrics relevant to toxicity.

Purpose Recently, the use of partial breast irradiation (PBI) for patients with early-stage breast cancer with low-risk factors has increased. The volume of the high-dose regions has been correlated with toxicity in interstitial treatment. Although no such associations have been made in applicator-based experience, new applicators are being developed that use complex noncentered source configurations. This work studied the effect of noncentered source placements on the volume of the high-dose regions around a spherical applicator. Methods and Materials Many applicator configurations were numerically simulated for a range of inflation radii. For each configuration, a dose homogeneity index was used as a dose metric to measure the volume of the high-dose region. Results All multisource configurations examined resulted in an increase of the high-dose region compared with a single-center source. The resulting decrease in the prescription dose homogeneity index was more pronounced for sources further from the center of the applicator, and the effect was reduced as the number of dwell locations was increased. Conclusion The geometries of particular applicators were not considered to achieve a more general result. On the basis of the calculations of this work, it would appear that treatment using noncentered dwell locations will lead to an increase in the volume of the high-dose regions.
Effect of antiproteolytic drugs: epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and aprotinin on experimental anti-GBM nephritis.

Background. Given the evidence accrued by other authors on beneficial effect of protease inhibitors on experimental immune nephritis, and following our preliminary report on abrogation of immune glomerulopathy in the rat by an antifibrinolytic and antiproteolytic drug, epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), we investigated the effect of this drug on the rat autologous anti-GBM nephritis. Along with the EACA we evaluated another protease inhibitor, aprotinin, an antagonist of serine proteases. Methods. EACA (0.3 g/kg) or aprotinin (5000 kallikrein inhibition units, KlU/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (t.i.d.) from day 0 (preventive protocol) or day 3 (therapeutic protocol) of autologous anti-GBM nephritis induced in Wistar rats. Proteinuria, creatinine clearence and renal histopathology were assessed as markers of disease activity, while glomerular fibrin deposits (immunoperoxidase staining) and standard parameters of coagulation/fibrinolysis of peripheral blood enabled insight into local and systemic haemostatic mechanisms. Glomerular binding of anti-GBM antibodies (immunofluorescence) and serum titres of autologous nephrotoxic antibodies (haemagglutination assay) represented conditions of immune induction of glomerulopathy. Results. Our experiments indicate that the EACA, and to a lesser extent also aprotinin, are capable of preventing proteinuria (EACA, reduction by 57.6%; aprotinin, reduction by 26.8%, compared to untreated nephritic rats, day 3 post-induction) and glomerular histopathological changes, without affecting endogenous creatinine clearence, otherwise depressed in this model of glomerulonephritis. More importantly, both drugs significantly ameliorated glomerular lesions and proteinuria, even when the treatment was initiated on day 3 post-induction, after the injury has begun (EACA reduced proteinuria by 32.0%, and aprotinin reduced it by 20.9%, day 7). Administration of EACA and aprotinin at doses reducing glomerular injury did not cause any appreciable fibrin deposition in glomeruli Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr Zbigniew W. Hruby, Dept. of Nephrology, Academy of Medicine, 57 Traugutta Street, 50-417 Wroclaw, Poland. of nephritic rats, nor did it modify parameters of systemic coagulation and fibrinolysis in these animals. EACA and aprotinin did not interfere with serum titres of nephrotoxic antibody, nor with the intensity of its binding to the glomerular basement membrane in vivo. Conclusions. Antiproteolytic drugs utilized in our studies exert their beneficial effect on autologous antiGBM nephritis through interference with inflammatory phase of the disease, while sparing its immune induction and mechanisms of coagulation/fibrinolysis.