cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of redox-active metals in the mechanism of action of bleomycin

Belomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic routinely used to treat human cancer. It is commonly thought to exert its biological effects as a metallodrug, which oxidatively damages DNA. This review systematically examines the properties of bleomycin which contribute to its reaction with DNA in vitro and may be important in the breakage of DNA in cells. Because strand cleavage results from the reductive activation of dioxygen by metallobleomycins, the mechanism of this process is given primary attention. Current understanding of the structures of the coordination sites of various metallobleomycins, their thermodynamic stabilities, their propensity to form adduct species, and their properties in ligand substitution reactions provide a foundation for consideration of the chemistry of dioxygen activation as well as a basis for thinking about the metal-speciation of bleomycin in biological systems. Oxidation-reduction pathways of iron-bleomycin, copper-bleomycin, and other metal-bleomycin species with O2 are then examined, including information on photochemical activation. With this background, structural and thermodynamic features of the binding interactions of DNA with bleomycin, its metal complexes, and adducts of metallobleomycins are reviewed. Then, the DNA cleavage reaction involving iron-bleomycin is scrutinized on the basis of the preceding discussion. Particular emphasis is placed on the constraints which the presence of DNA places on the mechanism of dioxygen activation. Similarly, the reactions of other metalloforms of bleomycin with DNA are reviewed. The last topic is an analysis of current understanding of the relationship of bleomycin-induced cellular DNA damage to the model developed above, which has evolved on the basis of chemical experimentation. Consideration is given to the question of the importance of DNA strand breakage caused by bleomycin for the mechanism of cytotoxic activity of the drug.
Costs of quadtree representation of nondense matrices

Abstract The quadtree representation of matrices is a uniform representation for both sparse and dense matrices which can facilitate shared manipulation on multiprocessors. This paper presents worst-case and average-case resource requirements for storing and retrieving familiar families of patterned matrices: packed, symmetric, triangular, Toeplitz, and banded. Using this representation it compares resource requirements of three kinds of permutation matrices, as examples of nondense, unpatterned matrices. Exact values for the shuffle and bit-reversal permutations (as in the fast Fourier transform) and tight bounds on the expected values from purely random permutations are derived. Two different measures, density and sparsity , are proposed from these values. Analysis of quadtree matrix addition relates density of addends to space bounds on their sum and relates their sparsity to time bounds for computing that sum.
Color surface-flow visualization of fin-generated shock wave boundary-layer interactions

Kerosene-lampblack mixtures with addition of a ground colored chalk were used in an experiment on visualizing surface flows of swept shock boundary-layer interactions. The results show that contrasting colors intensify the visualization of different regions of the interaction surface, and help the eye in following the fine streaks to locate the upstream influence. The study confirms observations of the separation occurring at shock strength below accepted values. The superiority of the reported technique over the previous monochrome technique is demonstrated.
Identification of protein kinase A phosphorylation sites on NBD1 and R domains of CFTR using electrospray mass spectrometry with selective phosphate ion monitoring

HPLC-electrospray mass spectrometry was used to identify the phosphorylated sites on a bacterially expressed cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) fragment containing the first nucleotide binding domain (NBD1) and the regulatory domain (R). Tryptic digests of NBD1-R (CFTR residues 404-830) were analyzed after protein kinase A (PKA) treatment for all possible peptides and phosphopeptides (a total of 118 species) containing Ser residues within "high-probability" PKA consensus sequences: R-R/K-X-S/T, R-X-X-S/T, and R-X-S/T. Three criteria were used to assign phosphorylated sites: (1) an 80-Da increase in the predicted average molecular weight of the tryptic peptides; (2) co-elution with the PO3- ion induced by stepped energy collision; and (3) the relative elution positions of the phosphorylated and unmodified peptides. Ser residues within the eight dibasic sites in the NBD1 and R domains (positions 422, 660, 700, 712, 737, 768, 795, and 813) were phosphorylated, a pattern similar to that observed for full-length CFTR. The serine at position 753, which in CFTR is phosphorylated in vivo, was not phosphorylated. The remaining potential PKA sites, Ser489, Ser519, Ser557, Ser670, and Thr788, were not phosphorylated. The "low-probability" PKA sites (those not containing an Arg residue) were not phosphorylated. The results suggest that isolated domains of CFTR developed useful models for investigating the biochemical and structural effects of phosphorylation within CFTR. The mass spectrometry approach in this study should prove useful for defining phosphorylation sites of CFTR in vitro and in vivo.
Changes in living arrangements of functionally dependent older adults and their adult children.

This study investigated health and sociodemographic variables associated with co-residency patterns among older patients and their adult children following discharge from an acute care hospital. Data for the analysis were obtained from 172 adult children caring for functionally impaired parents. Logistic regression was employed to determine the probability that an older parent establishes co-residency with the adult child following hospitalization instead of remaining in a separate household. Results indicate that the overall level of caregiver involvement in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were strong predictors of parent and adult children forcing a joint household. Increased household income of caregivers was inversely related to co-residency. Decisions about co-residency following hospitalization appear to hinge both on parental need and the resources of the adult child, suggesting that the decision to move together is largely one of need and not pre...
Offline handwritten word recognition in Hindi

This paper discusses the Hindi offline handwritten word recognizer (HWR) that we are developing. For the purpose of training and testing the offline HWR, we have created a Hindi handwritten word and character database from 100 writers. In our HWR we use two-pass Dynamic Programming algorithm to match the test word against each word in the lexicon by initially segmenting the test word image into probable characters. We extract directional element features (DEF) on each character image segment and statistically model them. Currently we are achieving word recognition accuracies of 91.23% to 79.94% on 10 to 30 vocabulary words.
Transabdominal ultrasound–assisted embryo transfer and pregnancy outcome

Objective To assess the clinical value of transabdominal ultrasound (TAS)–assisted embryo transfer on outcomes of in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in comparison to the "clinical touch" method of transcervical embryo transfer by one physician and to determine if transabdominal ultrasound should be applied to all cases of embryo transfer in this practice. Design A retrospective comparison study. Setting A university-based IVF practice. Patient(s) Two hundred forty-nine patients who underwent transcervical transfer of fresh embryos created using autologous oocytes performed by the same physician from July 1, 2003, to June 30, 2004. Intervention(s) On selected days, at time of embryo transfer, transabdominal ultrasound was performed to guide catheter placement depth approximately 1 cm from the uterine fundus. Main Outcome Measure(s) The presence of at least one gestational sac on ultrasound was compared in the two study groups; additionally, the clinical pregnancy rate (presence of fetal cardiac activity observed on ultrasound), the ectopic pregnancy rate, the biochemical pregnancy rate, and the implantation rate (number of gestational sacs identified on ultrasound per number of embryos transfered) between groups was evaluated. Characteristics of the two cohorts were analyzed to verify similarities between the treatment and control groups, including age of recipient, prior IVF history, day of transfer (day 3 or day 5 after retrieval), difficulty of transfer, the use of a tenaculum, and the quality and number of embryos transfered. Result(s) No statistical difference was seen in the presence or number of gestational sacs following embryo transfer with or without transabdominal ultrasound guidance. Conclusion(s) No additional advantage is conferred when using transabdominal ultrasound to perform embryo transfer. In experienced hands, the "clinical touch" method of embryo transfer yields equivalent results to transabdominal ultrasound–guided embryo placement. However, in patients with a prior history of difficult uterine sounding or embryo transfer, transabdominal ultrasound guidance may still play a role.
Implications of 25% to 50% coronary stenosis with cardiac computed tomographic angiography in ED patients.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to determine if patients presenting with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome and found to have 25% to 50% diameter reduction with coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) are likely to benefit from further diagnostic testing. Methods A registry study of 213 subjects (median age, 51 years; 53% women) with symptoms concerning for possible acute coronary syndrome with low-risk features found to have 25% to 50% maximal diameter stenosis on CCTA was performed at 2 academic medical centers. The analysis was approved by an institutional review board and was conducted with waiver of consent. The potential contribution of additional testing was determined by measuring the major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) from presentation through 30 days. The MACEs included myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, unstable angina, and cardiovascular death. Sample size calculations were predicated on a 0% MACE rate leading to upper bounds of a 2-sided exact 95% confidence interval less than 2%. Results Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score of less than 2 was present in 92% subjects, 70% (150 of 213) had 2 or more serial cardiac markers performed, and 40% (87 of 213) had stress testing or cardiac catheterization. The MACEs occurred in 1 (0.5%) of 213 subjects (95% confidence interval, 0%-2.6%) and was identified by an elevation of serial cardiac markers during the index hospitalization. No patients experienced cardiovascular death or required revascularization. Conclusions In patients with emergent low-risk chest pain and 25% to 50% diameter coronary stenosis by CCTA, the rate of near-term MACE is very low. Serial cardiac markers may be beneficial in this subgroup. Routine provocative testing is unlikely to be beneficial during the index visit.
The Descriptive-Collaborative Approach to Psychological Report Writing.

This paper describes a process whereby the school psychologist writes a more descriptive and less interpretive report. In doing so, the psychologist encourages parents and staffing team members to become collaborators in the task of hypothesis testing relative to the test results instead of being passive recipients of the wisdom of the psychologist. This approach attempts to decrease defensiveness, improve communication, and increase cooperation between professionals and parents and among professionals.
The IBM telecommunications service delivery platform

Telecommunications service providers (TSPs) are currently faced with a significant number of threats to their core business models. In addition to competition from traditional TSPs, they must also face increasing competition from Internet service providers such as Google, Yahoo!, and eBay, which have succeeded in implementing a variety of very useful communications services, including voice services, for a fraction of the traditional cost. This new set of threats is causing TSPs to reexamine their business models, explore ways of reducing their operational expenses, and devise a means of reducing the typical service life cycle (from concept to delivery, typically more than a year) to a few weeks. To help address these issues, IBM has created an SOA-centric (service-oriented-architecture-centric) reference architecture called the telecommunications service delivery platform (SDP). In this paper, we present three case studies involving field deployments to the networks of three major wireless TSPs and describe the role of the IBM SDP and its key benefits. We highlight the architecture and key use cases involved in these carrier-grade deployments, and articulate the best practices and valuable lessons gleaned from them.
A staphylococcal protein A rosetting assay for the demonstration of high affinity IgE receptors on rIL-3-dependent human basophil-like cells grown in mixed cell cultures.

Abstract Mature basophils can be differentiated from other blood born cells by their morphology, metachromatically staining granules, histamine content, and the presence on their surfaces of high-affinity IgE receptors. The identification of basophil-like cells arising in mixed human bone marrow cultures, however, is made more difficult because of their immaturity and the morphologic alterations due to in vitro culture. Identification of IgE receptors on individual cells in cell preparations which could simultaneously be examined for their histochemical properties would facilitate the study of basophil growth and differentiation. Because this was difficult using existing techniques, we developed an IgE staphylococcal protein A rosetting assay which allows the identification of cells bearing high-affinity IgE receptors and permits the same cells to be examined by a variety of staining techniques. We then examined the appearance of basophil-like cells bearing IgE receptors in cultures of human bone marrow and correlated this data with measurements of IgE receptor number and affinity. The percentage of total cells grown in the presence of human recombinant IL-3 (rIL-3) that rosetted with Staphylococcus aureus increased from 2±0.5% at 1 week of culture to 7±2% at 2 weeks, 14±5% at 3 weeks, and 18±5% at 4 weeks. Using 125I-labeled IgE PS , the number of IgE receptors per rosetting basophil-like cell was calculated to be 7.3×104 at 2 weeks, 6.8×104 at 3 weeks, and 3.9×104 receptors per rosette positive basophil-like cell at 4 weeks. Finally, the rate of dissociation of IgE from these cultured cells was found to be 4.0±1.3×10 −5 s −1 , indicating that IgE bound to IgE receptors on cultured basophil-like cells with high affinity.
The impact of initiation: Early onset marijuana smokers demonstrate altered Stroop performance and brain activation.

Abstract Marijuana (MJ) use is on the rise, particularly among teens and emerging adults. This poses serious public health concern, given the potential deleterious effects of MJ on the developing brain. We examined 50 chronic MJ smokers divided into early onset (regular MJ use prior to age 16; n = 24) and late onset (age 16 or later; n = 26), and 34 healthy control participants (HCs). All completed a modified Stroop Color Word Test during fMRI. Results demonstrated that MJ smokers exhibited significantly poorer performance on the Interference subtest of the Stroop, as well as altered patterns of activation in the cingulate cortex relative to HCs. Further, early onset MJ smokers exhibited significantly poorer performance relative to both HCs and late onset smokers. Additionally, earlier age of MJ onset as well as increased frequency and magnitude (grams/week) of MJ use were predictive of poorer Stroop performance. fMRI results revealed that while late onset smokers demonstrated a more similar pattern of activation to the control group, a different pattern was evident in the early onset group. These findings underscore the importance of assessing age of onset and patterns of MJ use and support the need for widespread education and intervention efforts among youth.
Study of Flame Spread Over JP8 Using 2-D Holographic Interferometry:

Despite the widespread use of JP8 as a transportation fuel, and hence its importance to fire safety in the event of an accident, the characteristics of flame spread over JP8 are not well known. In ...
Modeling of low-finesse, extrinsic fiber optic Fabry-Perot white light interferometers

This article introduces an approach for modeling the fiber optic low-finesse extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometers (EFPI), aiming to address signal processing problems in EFPI demodulation algorithms based on white light interferometry. The main goal is to seek physical interpretations to correlate the sensor spectrum with the interferometer geometry (most importantly, the optical path difference). Because the signal demodulation quality and reliability hinge heavily on the understanding of such relationships, the model sheds light on optimizing the sensor performance.
Clinical characteristics of chronic rhinitis patients with high vs low irritant trigger burdens.

Background Patients with chronic allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) often experience irritant-induced symptoms. The clinical relevance of the magnitude of their symptoms in response to these nonspecific stimuli remains unclear. Objective To determine the internal consistency and validity of an irritant index questionnaire (IIQ) and whether reclassification of physician-diagnosed rhinitis subtypes based on IIQ scores results in rhinitis subtypes with different clinical characteristics. Methods Patients 18 to 65 years old with physician-diagnosed AR (n = 404), mixed rhinitis (MR; n = 129), or NAR (n = 123) completed an IIQ that rated rhinitis symptom severity in response to 21 nonallergic irritant triggers on a 1- to 10-point scale. Multistage sex-specific statistical analyses were performed using IIQ responses to reclassify physician-diagnosed AR, MR, and NAR into categories with high and low irritant burdens. Results The IIQ demonstrated good internal consistency and cross-validation. After reclassification, 48% and 52% of patients with physician-diagnosed AR patients (n = 533) were categorized as having low-burden AR and high-burden AR, respectively, whereas 64% and 36% of NAR (n = 123) patients were categorized as having low-burden NAR and high-burden NAR, respectively. Reclassified high-burden AR and high-burden NAR patients were more likely to have a physician diagnosis of asthma and a greater number of self-reported rhinitis symptoms and perennial symptoms with seasonal exacerbations than reclassified low-burden AR and low-burden NAR patients, respectively ( P Conclusion The IIQ resulted in significant reclassification of physician-diagnosed rhinitis patients into different diagnostic categories with unique clinical characteristics. Further studies are necessary to confirm the IIQ's utility as a tool for characterizing rhinitis patients in clinical practice and research.
Maxima of branching random walks

In recent years several authors have obtained limit theorems for L n , the location of the rightmost particle in a supercritical branching random walk but all of these results have been proved under the assumption that the offspring distribution has ϕ(θ) = ∝ exp(θx)dF(x) 0. In this paper we investigate what happens when there is a slowly varying function K so that 1−F(x)∼x }-q K(x) as x → ∞ and log(−x)F(x)→0 as x→−∞. In this case we find that there is a sequence of constants a n , which grow exponentially, so that L n /a n converges weakly to a nondegenerate distribution. This result is in sharp contrast to the linear growth of L n observed in the case ϕ(θ)<∞.
Was government the solution or the problem? The role of the state in the history of American social policy

This article attempts to resolve a contradiction noted by Charles Tilly between my earlier writings on education and later writings on the welfare state. The earlier work on education was critical of governments’ role in constructing bureaucratic school systems that reinforced inequality; the later work on the welfare state argued for the extension of government social provision. This article shows how the contradiction poses a false dichotomy. It then uses history to show how assessments of governments’ role reflect the political context in which they are written but rest on consistent values and priorities. The article emphasizes, as well, the absence of a counter narrative to the political right’s assertion of government policy failure; the truncated and inappropriate use of “state” in much writing on public policies; and the need for historians of policy to develop means of assessing the success or failure of government policies and programs.
Sequential Correspondence Biases and Perceptions of Change: The Castro Studies Revisited

In previous studies, Jones and Harris found that persons who wrote a favorable or unfavorable essay about Fidel Castro were judged as holding attitudes that corresponded to the essay's position, even when they had been compelled to endorse the position. The present research tested the robustness of this correspondence bias. In Study 1, subjects read two essays about Castro that they believed were written 9 months apart by the same author under forced-choice conditions. The correspondence bias emerged in subjects' judgments of the author's attitudes toward Castro at the time each essay was composed. Essay writers who endorsed two opposite positions were judged to have undergone greater attitude change than writers who twice endorsed the same position. Study 2 demonstrated the effect with an interval as brief as 1 week between constrained behaviors. These data underscore the robustness of the correspondence bias.
A comprehensive review of microwave system requirements on thin-film ferroelectrics

Abstract The dual aspects of the relationship between microwave system requirements on thin-film ferroelectric (TF-FE) loss tangent (tanδ) and dielectric tunability (δ∊r,eff) and the performance enhancements TF-FE in turn offers as compared to existing technologies is comprehensively covered. Communication and sensor system requirements on TF-FE-based oscillators, filters, phase shift and true-time-delay phase shift circuits are thoroughly explained for many system-and-circuit combinations, and quantified where possible. In general, if TF-FE tanδ and Δ∊r,eff are low and high enough respectively, it can replace existing non-tunable, switched assemblies, resulting in lower size, weight, power, complexity and cost, especially as bandwidth widens. While there is substantial application-dependent variation, requirements on TF-FE performance as a function of system-circuit combination can be discerned. Of all four circuits, oscillators need the lowest tanδ (< 0.01) and modest Δ∊r,eff (< 4:1). Filters and phase ...
Enteral nutrition in the management of pediatric intestinal failure

Intestinal failure is an uncommon but devastating condition whose natural history has dramatically improved over the past two decades (1). Infants with intestinal failure due to severe short bowel syndrome or other diagnoses previously considered incompatible with life are now routinely being saved and cared for in cutting edge, multidisciplinary programs. Enteral nutrition plays a central role in the management of children with intestinal failure. This review provides an overview of enteral nutrition in pediatric intestinal failure, with specific emphasis on recent advances in clinical management, patient outcomes, and emerging therapies.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF COMBINED HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES IN A ROTARY DEHUMIDIFIER

A new finite-difference method is presented for simulating the combined heat and mass transfer processes that occur in a solid desiccant dehumidifier, which is the main component of a solid desiccant dehumidification and cooling system. The numerical method is of high-order accuracy, is numerically implicit, and is unconditionally stable. This method allows for more rapid simulation of the performance of desitcant-based dehumidification and cooling systems. Using the numerical method, the effect of the rotational speed on the performance of an adiabatic rotary dehumidifier was parametricaily studied, and the optimal rotational speed was determined by examining the outlet adsorption-side humidity profiles and the humidity wave fronts inside the desiccant dehumidifier.
Two Ps in the bacterial pod.

RNase P is an ancient ribonucleoprotein (RNP) enzyme present in every living organism. Several recent reports collectively provide a structural and functional analysis of this 'simple' RNP and result in a better understanding of the apparent differences between the two types of RNase P in bacteria.
Wood Chips for Poultry Litter

Abstract Green wood chip litter from standing pine, hardwood trees, and a 50/50 pine-hardwood mix was compared to shavings from air-dried lumber. Eight-week old weight, feed conversion, and mortality of broilers reared on the four litter types were not significantly different (P
A model for the effect of daily injections of gonadal hormones on LH levels in recently-castrated adult rats and its comparison with experiment.

A model is presented to correlate data on LH levels obtained in recently-castrated rats which receive daily injections of a single gonadal hormone. This experimental animal can permit a controlled evaluation of the feedback effects of individual gonadal hormones on LH behavior. First, the data on decrease in both pituitary and serum LH, ΔLH, with increased hormonal injection rate, I H , is examined and postulated to be approximated by a linear variation of ΔLH with I H , rather than a threshold effect. The slope ΔLH/I H for each experiment is then determined from the data. The feedback effects on LH production and release rates are taken to be linearly proportional to the hormonal injection rate, with constants of proportionality λ and μ , respectively. These constants of proportionality, or feedback coefficients, are then determined by comparing model results with experimental values of the slopes ΔLH/I H for various lengths of time of injections. A first estimate for μ seems to be zero, implying that the direct effect of gonadal hormones on LH release is not crucial in modelling daily-injection experiments. However, these hormones do influence LH release through the production-rate feedback constant, λ . In the model, this occurs because release is taken to be proportional to pituitary LH levels and these levels are determined by the production rate. The feedback constants for the negative effect of gonadal hormones on LH production rate are found to be λ TP = 9·0 ± 0·3 × 10 −4 μg(LH)/mg (pit.)/day 2 / μg(TP)/100 g (body wt.)/day λ Eb = 0·4 ± 0·15 μg(LH)/mg (pit.)/day 2 / μg(Eb)/100 g (body wt.)/day
N-Methyl-d-aspartate microinjected into the suprachiasmatic nucleus mimics the phase-shifting effects of light in the diurnal Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus)

Mammals exhibit circadian rhythms in behavior generated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Exposure to light synchronizes the circadian clock to the environmental light:dark cycle through the release of glutamate into the SCN. In nocturnal animals such as Syrian hamsters, direct application of NMDA to the SCN results in phase shifts similar to those produced by exposure to light. This study was designed to determine if light phase shifts the circadian pacemaker of diurnal Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus) housed in constant darkness by acting on NMDA-type glutamate receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA; 0, 1, 10, 50, and 100 mM) was administered through guide cannulae aimed at the SCN at circadian times when light induces phase shifts. Maximal phase delays were attained with 50 mM NMDA, and maximal phase advances were seen after 100 mM NMDA. A phase-response curve (PRC) for NMDA, determined by administering NMDA at each hour over the circadian cycle, resembled the PRC to light in this species. These data support the hypothesis that NMDA-type glutamate receptors play a critical role in mediating the phase shifting effects of light in diurnal, as well as nocturnal, animals. In addition, these data suggest that diurnal grass rats may be less sensitive to the phase shifting properties of NMDA than nocturnal rodents.
A Data-Based Method of Ranking Department, Faculty and Journals in Professional Impact

Rankings of clinical psychology programs and factors influencing journal impact are important in selecting training materials and choosing journals in which to submit publications. Such choices are inherently important because they influence both the quality of an individual's training and the overall impact of their research. This article reviews current popular rankings of schools and journals. Overall publication and citation records for full-time faculty at the top institutions were tabulated. Alternate methods in ranking clinical psychology departments to the popular press are needed, since factors of publication and researcher impact are not included in these rankings. Additionally, journal impact factors were assessed. Authors of the Journal Citation Reports note deficits in reviewing specialized journals. Given these deficits, faculty members from the Department of Psychology at Louisiana State University were asked to list the most highly regarded journals in their specialty area. Rankings were made on the variables of impact factor, total citations, circulation rates, and international distribution.
The museum becomes archive: reassessing Johannesburg’s MuseumAfrica

This article charts the history of MuseumAfrica (formerly the Africana Museum) from its founding vision to the present. Taking the museum’s current abysmal reputation as its starting point, it seeks to fill the void in academic and popular thought that encompasses the institution. Sketching the original mandate under which it was created before focusing on the museum’s work from 1935 to the near present, it explores the ways in which the museum interacted with and impacted the world outside its doors. Paying particular attention to the museum’s engagement with liberal and illiberal forces for change, it presents the museum as something other than the monument impervious to change that it is often assumed to be. Categorising the museum as an archive, this article argues in favour of the museum’s enduring relevance in the post‐colonial order.
Prolactin secretion in a brood parasite, the brown‐headed cowbird, Molothrus ater

Blood samples were collected from a free-living population of male and female brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater, during the breeding season and plasma levels of prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassay. Prolactin concentrations in both sexes increased significantly in mid to late May; peak levels were reached by June and were maintained throughout June and into July. Prolactin levels in juveniles were significantly lower than in adults but were still elevated. Prolactin has been implicated in parental care in several avian species; however, cowbirds are brood parasites with complete absence of parental behaviour, suggesting that prolactin must function in another capacity in cowbirds, or that cowbirds have developed target tissue insensitivity to this hormone.
Morphology and deformation mechanisms of crystalline polymers

Crystalline polymers consist of regions of varying order ranging from perfectly crystalline to random and rubber-like assemblies of polymer chains. Such structures may thus be represented in terms of statistical parameters characterizing the size and shape of ordered regions, degree of order and orientation of these regions. These parameters may be characterized by such techniques as x-ray and light scattering. A study of the deformation of such polymers requires the specification of the change in these descriptive parameters with time, temperature, and morphology. The application of a number of optical techniques to this determination is discussed and typical results are presented. A deformation mechanism for crystalline polymers is proposed which is consistent with these observations.
Experiences with fibrinolysin in peripheral vascular occlusive disease.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present our experience with fibrinolysin (Thrombolysin) in the treatment of twenty-three patients with thromboembolic disease. The historic background of the use of fibrinolytic agents and the biochemical derivation of the preparation used have been described previously. We agree completely with a recent editorial setting down the requirements for an ideal thrombolytic agent. The present study was initiated with a note of pessimism, since previous proteolytic enzymes administered by various routes had dismally failed in our experience.
Encapsulation of Gold Nanoclusters in Silica Materials via an Inverse Micelle/Sol−Gel Synthesis

Nanometer-sized gold particles were encapsulated in the micropores of xerogels and aerogels. The synthesis involves the sequential reduction of a gold salt followed by sol-gel processing in an inverse micelle solution. The inverse micelle solution solubilizes the metal salt and provides a microreactor for the nucleation, growth, and stabilization of the nanometer-sized clusters. Hydrolysis and condensation of an added siloxane precursor produces a wet gel embedding the particles. Characterization of the particle size and composition and the particle growth process was completed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, and UV-visible absorption spectrometry. Characterization of the gel surface areas was completed with N{sub 2} porosimetry. Material properties determined as a function of the gel precursor (TEOS vs a prehydrolyzed form of TEOS), the water to gel precursor reaction stoichiometry, and surfactant concentration are discussed in terms of the unique solution chemistry occurring in the microheterogeneous inverse micelle solutions. 73 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
The drug-use patterns of helping-profession students in Brisbane, Australia

Abstract A survey of 1691 first- and final-year students in the helping professions (medicine, law, nursing, pharmacy, police science, seminary, social work/ psychology, and teaching) as to their use of drugs was carried out during February to April, 1980, in Brisbane, Australia. The results indicated that about 86% drank coffee or tea, 85% drank alcohol, 85% used non-prescription analgesics, 31% used tobacco, 25% antihistamines, 9% marijuana, 9% sedatives, 6% tranquilizers, 2% hallucinogens, 2% stimulants, 1% cocaine and 1% used opiates at least once a year. Of these students, females used analgesics and antihistamines significantly more frequently than males and consumed more caffeine, tobacco and analgesics than males, while males drank significantly more alcohol than females. Final-year students used more alcohol, coffee or tea and tobacco, and used marijuana, coffee and tea and tobacco significantly more frequently than first-year students. Individuals who did not consider religion important used more alcohol and tobacco and used marijuana, tobacco and hallucinogens more frequently compared to individuals who considered religion to be important. There was also a significant difference in drug usage between the different courses of study for most of the substances, with law students using the majority of substances the most frequently and seminarians the least frequently.
Beamforming for Phased Arrays on Vibrating Apertures

A beamforming approach for phased arrays on vibrating apertures is proposed. The essence is to dynamically calibrate the antenna element position errors due to aperture vibrations. This is achieved by estimating element positions through the aid of a few near field reference sources attached to the antenna. The reference sources need to be mounted on rigid frames and be impervious to vibrations. The estimated position information is then substituted into the beamforming process to correct the distorted pattern of the antenna array. To validate the proposed concept, a 5.8 GHz eight-element array with artificially displaced element positions is built to emulate the vibration effect. The proposed calibration approach gives, a close estimate of position errors with deviations under 4% of the free space wavelength. Based on the estimated information, an array pattern with desired features is constructed
On High Dimensional Projected Clustering of Uncertain Data Streams

In this paper, we will study the problem of projected clustering of uncertain data streams. The use of uncertainty is especially important in the high dimensional scenario, because the sparsity property of high dimensional data is aggravated by the uncertainty. The uncertainty information is important for not only the determination of the assignment of data points to clusters, but also that of the valid projections across which the data is naturally clustered. The problem is especially challenging in the case where the data is not available on disk and arrives in the form of a fast stream. In such cases, the one-pass constraint in data stream computation poses special challenges to the algorithmic sophistication required for incorporating uncertainty information into the high dimensional computations. We will show that the projected clustering problem can be effectively solved in the context of uncertain data streams.
DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF CDK2 AND CYCLIN D1 IN IRRADIATED HUMAN GLIOMA CELLS

Abstract We have utilized a series of glioma cell lines to study the effects of ionizing radiation on the regulation of proteins that contribute to cell cycle progression. While no alterations of cyclin E or cdk4 were detected, a high percentage of glioma cell lines exhibited constitutive overexpression of cdk2 protein and aberrant patterns of cyclin D1 protein. The fraction of glioma cells expressing cdk2 was similar to that observed in normal astrocytes, but individual glioma cells overexpressed cdk2. In response to ionizing radiation, both cyclin D1 and cdk2 accumulated in control cells but not in gliomas with overexpressed cdk2 or aberrant cyclin D1. These novel findings provide the first evidence of altered cyclin-cdk regulation in gliomas in response to ionizing radiation.
Multiple isolates and characteristics of human T-cell leukemia virus type II.

Abstract Human T-cell leukemia (or lymphotropic) virus type II (HTLV-II) was isolated from eight HTLV-seropositive patients, six of whom were also infected with human immunodeficiency virus, by cocultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with BJAB, a continuous B-cell line. Restriction endonuclease mapping of the proviruses demonstrated consistent differences among isolates, and two distinct physical map patterns were observed. The results suggest the existence of two closely related molecular subtypes of HTLV-II, which are tentatively designated HTLV-IIa and HTLV-IIb. This finding was supported by preliminary nucleotide sequence analysis of the env gene region encoding the transmembrane glycoprotein gp21, which showed consistent differences between the two proposed virus subtypes. Exploitation of differences in restriction endonuclease sites allowed polymerase chain reaction amplification to detect and differentiate the two subtypes in fresh PBMCs of HTLV-seropositive intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs). The results of these studies confirm that HTLV-II infection is the prominent HTLV infection in seropositive IVDAs and also show that infection with both subtypes occurs. The finding of genetic heterogeneity in the HTLV-II group of viruses may have important implications for studies on its role in human disease and will be useful in characterizing the viruses present in newly discovered endemic foci in New World indigenous populations.
Limits of information, Markov chains, and projection

The chain rule of information shows that log densities form Cauchy sequences, convergent in L/sub 1/, proving information limits, Markov chain convergence, and the existence of information projections.
Estimating the synchronizing and damping torque coefficients using Kalman filtering

Abstract This paper presents an optimal approach for optimal estimation of the synchronizing and damping torque coefficients of a synchronous machine using two-state linear Kalman filter. These coefficients can be used as indices which provide insight into the dynamic stability of power systems. The two coefficients are calculated using the time responses of the changes in the rotor angle, rotor speed, and electromagnetic torque. The effect of system noise on the performance of the Kalman filter is also investigated. The performance of Kalman filter is compared with the least-square error technique. The paper shows that the steady-state response of Kalman filter agrees with the least-square solution. The paper shows that Kalman filter can be used as efficient tool for either on-line or off-line estimation of the synchronizing and damping torque coefficients.
Addition reactions of p-carboranylcarbene. EPR spectra of m-carboranylcarbene and p-carboranylcarbene

p-Carboranylcarbene adds to alkenes with nearly complete retention of stereochemistry, thus implying the singlet state as the predominant reacting species. Nonetheless, EPR spectroscopy shows that the ground state of this intermediate is the triplet, as is the ground state of m-carboranylcarbene.
Adaptive OFDM system for multi-rate multi-user services in wireless communications

The paper investigates the performance and throughput of an adaptive bit allocation and variable rate algorithm depending on channel state information (CSI) and transmit power in a multi-user OFDM transmission. The purpose of the multi-rate OFDM system using adaptive modulation is to increase bandwidth efficiency by controlling constellation size and to adapt the proper service for each user according to channel conditions and the transmit power while maintaining the transmission's quality of service (QoS) at the receiver. A fixed-rate adaptive OFDM system only exploits instantaneous channel state information by using several modulation levels, but it is inappropriate to multi-rate multi-user services. On the contrary, the multi-rate adaptive OFDM system is very efficient for a multi-user system requiring various services, because this system exploits not only instantaneous channel state information but also the transmit power. Computer simulation results show that the capacity of the adaptive multi-rate OFDM system can be adaptively changed for various services. A performance and throughput analysis of this system in multipath fading channels with different RMS delay spread is also presented.
The Politics of Precarity Views Beyond the United States

Drawing on experiences in the global south and western Europe, this commentary identifies 3 focal points of precarity politics that a singular focus on the United States may have eclipsed: (a) In t...
Reflections on Equity, Adequacy, and Weighted Student Funding.

Abstract Within the context of the school finance literature, the concepts of equity and adequacy raise a number of complex definitional and pragmatic issues. The purpose of this article is to clarify those issues and to use those concepts to evaluate the recent policy proposal called weighted student funding (WSF). Though WSF contains some equity-enhancing elements, it could fall short of its equity goals because of imperfect weights. This approach also fails to take full account of the concentrations of challenging-to-educate students and their effects on the distribution of teachers. In addition, the WSF proposal can be faulted for paying no attention to adequacy, potentially stigmatizing individual students, and placing so much focus on individual schools. A more complete evaluation of WSF would require a broader institutional perspective that extends beyond the equity and adequacy considerations of this article.
High Energy Hf Pulsed Lasers

Recent experiments show that pulsed HF lasers are capable of producing high energy with good efficiency. Preliminary experiments show that the laser radiation from the high-gain medium can be controlled with a low-power probe laser beam or with low-level feedback. These results indicate that the HF laser may have potential for second-generation laser fusion experiments.
A Letter from a Middle English Dictaminal Formulary in Harvard Law Library MS 43

Harvard Law Library MS 43, an English compendium from the second half of the fifteenth century, deserves study.' This codex, on 133 paper and parchment folios, has much to reveal about secular education in late medieval England.2 The bulk of the manuscript is made up of an extensive collection of legal forms acquittances, contracts, indentures, wills for the most part in Latin or legal French,3 but with a few entries in Middle English.4 The pedagogical function of the book can be seen in the Latin grammatical exercises found on the flyleaves and pastedowns and by a method for keeping accounts on the penultimate gathering.5 The purpose of this note is not, however, to provide the much-needed discussion of the book as a whole. Rather, it is to bring to the attention of students of Middle English two sections of the book: a Latin-English Nominale occupying twenty-six folios; and a dictaminal formulary containing four folios of letters and parts of letters, some in English. The Nominale begins on fol. 16rv with a list of chapters, that is to say, categories of substantives to be listed. The first category, common nouns
Oysters, rabbits and people: A critique of “race differences in behaviour” by J.P. Rushton

Abstract Rushton's article is criticized for its logic, the credibility of some of its sources, selectivity from the literature and from data within studies, failing to consider diversity in subgroups within races that may exceed differences between races, lack of analysis of racial differences in socioeconomic status and how this might influence group differences, and failure to apply statistical tests to minute differences between means. A wide range of phenomena assumed to be heritable are linked with the idea that they serve a reproductive end. However, there is no evidence that fertility itself is heritable. Large scale studies have shown no racial differences in diagnoses or on the MMPI that fit Rushton's theory. Rushton's analysis of international data on the EPQ is selective, ignoring the variance within racial groups and the scale of greatest relevance for his theory: P. An analysis of the data on this scale reveals no results in conformance with his theory. Data on sexual behavior is based on small and unrepresentative samples of blacks. Sizes of heads and genitals are compared with no obvious connection to the primary issue of biological fertility strategies. Everything is assumed to be on a primarily genetic basis although sexual mores have shown remarkable changes in a single generation.