cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survival and population size of a resident bird species are declining as temperature increases

1. A large number of migratory bird species appear to be declining as the result of climate change, but whether resident bird species have or will be adversely affected by climate change is less clear. We focus on the South Hills crossbill (Loxia curvirostra complex), which is endemic to about 70 km(2) of Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta latifolia) forest in southern Idaho, USA. 2. Our results indicate that the South Hills crossbill has declined by over 60% between 2003 and 2008, and that decreasing adult survival drives this population decline. 3. We evaluated the relative support for multiple hypotheses linking crossbill survival to climate, an ectoparasitic mite (scaly-leg mites Knemidokoptes jamaicensis), and the recent emergence of West Nile virus. Changes in adult apparent survival rate were closely associated with average spring and annual temperatures, and with high temperatures (≥32 °C) during summer, which have increased during the last decade. In contrast, there was little evidence that scaly-leg mites or West Nile virus contributed to recent declines in adult survival. 4. The most probable mechanism causing the decline in adult survival and population size is a decrease in the availability of their primary food resource, seeds in serotinous pine cones. Cone production has declined with increasing annual temperatures, and these cones appear to be prematurely opening owing to increasingly hot summer conditions releasing their seeds and reducing the carrying capacity for crossbills later in the year. 5. In light of regional climate change forecasts, which include an increase in both annual temperature and hot days (>32 °C), and the likely disappearance of lodgepole pine from southern Idaho by the end of this century, additional research is needed to determine how to maintain lodgepole pine forests and their supply of seeds to conserve one of the few bird species endemic to the continental United States.
Joint end-to-end scheduling, power control and rate control in multi-hop wireless networks

This paper addresses the problem of joint scheduling, power control and rate control while maximizing end-to-end data rates in multi-hop wireless networks. Using a "physical layer" network model that explicitly takes into account interference due to spatial spectrum reuse, we formulate the throughput maximization problem as a mixed integer linear programming problem (MILP). While a MILP based approach yields an optimal solution, it does not scale well to large networks. To address this issue, we also present a computationally efficient water-filling based heuristic. Simulation results, obtained using our heuristic, highlight several capacity related tradeoffs that arise in wireless ad-hoc networks. Prior work only provides either asymptotic results on ad-hoc network capacity or, at best, techniques for computing loose upper bounds for throughput in specific instances of networks.
The Team Coordination Game: Zero-fidelity simulation abstracted from fire emergency response practice

Crisis response engenders a high-stress environment in which teams gather, transform, and mutually share information. Prior educational approaches have not successfully addressed these critical skills. The assumption has been that the highest fidelity simulations result in the best learning. Deploying high-fidelity simulations is expensive and dangerous; they do not address team coordination. Low-fidelity approaches are ineffective because they are not stressful.Zero-fidelity simulation develops and invokes the principle of abstraction, focusing on human-information and human-human transfers of meaning, to derive design from work practice. Our principal hypothesis is that crisis responders will experience zero-fidelity simulation as effective simulation of team coordination. We synthesize the sustained iterative design and evaluation of the Team Coordination Game. We develop and apply new experimental methods to show that participants learn to cooperate and communicate, applying what they learn in practice. Design implications address how to employ the abstraction principle to develop zero-fidelity simulations.
The empirics of the equilibrium balanced growth model

THE FOCAL POINT of this dissertation is an empirical investigation of the analytical relevance of the equilibrium balanced growth model from the standpoint of long-term financing patterns in the corporate sector. Specifically, the postwar (i.e., 1950-1969) corporate sector and property share data for the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, France, and Japan are examined to determine whether any insights into the historical growth process can be gleaned from balanced growth equalities. In addition, a recursive or adjustment-periods model is constructed as an alternative explanation for the actual patterns of growth observed in the five sample countries. In the ideal balanced growth model, under conditions of Harrod-neutral technological progress, the rate of return on capital, the market cost of capital, and the growth rates of the capital stock and of total output all tend toward equality. This result emerges because competition reduces the rate of return on capital to the market interest rate (= normal rate of return) and because an amount equivalent to total profits is assumed to be saved and invested. Viewing the corporate sector as a self-contained investment unit, it was argued that, if an equilibrium balanced growth path were to be realized, all corporate sector earnings would have to be absorbed into savings and investment. That is, if the whole economy is investing at a rate equal to the property income share and if the corporate sector over time approximates a constant share of total output, then along the balanced, golden age path, the corporate sector's reinvestment rate (I/K) would have to be equal to its average profit rate (P/K). The actual satisfaction of this condition would mean that any payment of net dividends by corporations, in the aggregate, would represent a useless financial maneuver, since it would transfer investible funds out of the corporate sector. Moreover, if useable funds (i.e., funds that could be invested at rates of return equal to or above the financial cost of capital) were actually paid out, for example, to satisfy the preferences of stockholders for cash dividends instead of capital gains, then according to the Modigliani-Miller thesis, one would expect corporate managers to issue net new external capital sufficient to compensate for the loss of investible funds. The statistical data for the five sample countries revealed several interesting
Shorebird Responses to Construction and Operation of a Landfill on the Arctic Coastal Plain

Abstract. Although much of the Arctic Coastal Plain has remained undeveloped, oil and gas industries, new and expanding villages, as well as tourism are likely to increase in the near future. One potential effect of increased human development is increased anthropogenic waste and the need to dispose of this waste in landfills. We investigated potential indirect effects of the North Slope Borough landfill on breeding shorebirds by examining changes in environmental conditions (predator densities and timing of snow melt) and measures of shorebird reproduction (nest-initiation dates, nest density, nest survival, and return rates) in relation to construction and deposition of waste in the landfill. This study included one year of pre-construction data (2004), three years when landfill roads and fences were being constructed (2005–2007), and five years when waste was being deposited (2008–2012). We monitored 364 shorebird nests within a 36-ha plot (approximately half of which was inside the landfill and half o...
Identification of Francisella tularensis Himar1-Based Transposon Mutants Defective for Replication in Macrophages

Francisella tularensis, the etiologic agent of tularemia in humans, is a potential biological threat due to its low infectious dose and multiple routes of entry. F. tularensis replicates within several cell types, eventually causing cell death by inducing apoptosis. In this study, a modified Himar1 transposon (HimarFT) was used to mutagenize F. tularensis LVS. Approximately 7,000 Kmr clones were screened using J774A.1 macrophages for reduction in cytopathogenicity based on retention of the cell monolayer. A total of 441 candidates with significant host cell retention compared to the parent were identified following screening in a high-throughput format. Retesting at a defined multiplicity of infection followed by in vitro growth analyses resulted in identification of approximately 70 candidates representing 26 unique loci involved in macrophage replication and/or cytotoxicity. Mutants carrying insertions in seven hypothetical genes were screened in a mouse model of infection, and all strains tested appeared to be attenuated, which validated the initial in vitro results obtained with cultured macrophages. Complementation and reverse transcription-PCR experiments suggested that the expression of genes adjacent to the HimarFT insertion may be affected depending on the orientation of the constitutive groEL promoter region used to ensure transcription of the selective marker in the transposon. A hypothetical gene, FTL_0706, postulated to be important for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, was confirmed to be a gene involved in O-antigen expression in F. tularensis LVS and Schu S4. These and other studies demonstrate that therapeutic targets, vaccine candidates, or virulence-related genes may be discovered utilizing classical genetic approaches in Francisella.
ITS for One of the Most Congested Cities in the Developing World?Dhaka Bangladesh: Challenges and Potentials [ITS in Developing Countries]

Transportation planners from Dhaka city always confront the paradox of adjusting an ever increasing travel demand with the limited available resources. Thus, Dhaka city motorists suffocate while they idle in the intolerable gridlock for hours. ITS applications can play an active role in mitigating this gridlock by dramatically changing the existing problems of limited roadway capacity, vulnerable safety and neglected public transportation system. However, after carefully scrutinizing the prevailing traffic conditions and their interlinked problems, the authors have identified various potential ITS applications despite limited active ITS applications in Dhaka city. Observations indicate that rather than perpetuating the concept of ITS in Dhaka city as mythological, it is indeed a cost-effective method for both the users and the government for traffic management.
Resemblance of dietary intakes of snacks, sweets, fruit, and vegetables among mother-child dyads from low income families.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between intake of snacks, sweets, fruit, vegetables, and energy in low-income mother–child dyads. This was a secondary analysis of data collected from Head Start centers in Houston, Texas and Birmingham, Alabama. Twenty four hour dietary recalls for one weekend day were collected from mother (mean 31.8 yrs [range: 20.1–72.4 yrs])-child (mean 4.4 yrs [range 2.8–5.8 yrs]) dyads (N = 650). Means ± SD were calculated for intake of food categories and energy. Pearson’s partial correlation coefficients were used to detect associations between the intakes of the dyads. Main outcome measures were the correlations between the intake of snacks, sweets, fruit, vegetables, and energy in the mother–child dyads. Partial correlations showed that children’s intake of snacks, sweets, fruit, vegetables, and energy were all correlated with the mother’s intake of these foods/energy (all p
Fragile X Syndrome and Targeted Treatment Trials

Work in recent years has revealed an abundance of possible new treatment targets for fragile X syndrome (FXS). The use of animal models, including the fragile X knockout mouse which manifests a phenotype very similar to FXS in humans, has resulted in great strides in this direction of research. The lack of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) in FXS causes dysregulation and usually overexpression of a number of its target genes, which can cause imbalances of neurotransmission and deficits in synaptic plasticity. The use of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) blockers and gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA) agonists have been shown to be efficacious in reversing cellular and behavioral phenotypes, and restoring proper brain connectivity in the mouse and fly models. Proposed new pharmacological treatments and educational interventions are discussed in this chapter. In combination, these various targeted treatments show promising preliminary results in mitigating or even reversing the neurobiological abnormalities caused by loss of FMRP, with possible translational applications to other neurodevelopmental disorders including autism.
Irregular Morphology and Athematic Verbs in Italo-Romance

The article deals with irregularities in the morphological make-up of Italian verbal forms, focusing on perfect and past participle forms. It aims to account for root-based contextual allomorphy in the framework of Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993). Building upon the generalisation that morphological irregularities result whenever the thematic vowel is absent, the article provides a synchronic account and a diachronic analysis by means of a restricted set of morphophonological rules, thus challenging both the traditional view, according to which morphological irregularities follow from stress positioning, and paradigm-based accounts.
Pedagogical Reflections by Secondary Science Teachers at Different NOS Implementation Levels

This study investigated what 13 secondary science teachers at various nature of science (NOS) instruction implementation levels talked about when they reflected on their teaching. We then determined if differences exist in the quality of those reflections between high, medium, and low NOS implementers. This study sought to answer the following questions: (1) What do teachers talk about when asked general questions about their pedagogy and NOS pedagogy and (2) what qualitative differences, if any, exist within variables across teachers of varying NOS implementation levels? Evidence derived from these teachers’ reflections indicated that self-efficacy and perceptions of general importance for NOS instruction were poor indicators of NOS implementation. However, several factors were associated with the extent that these teachers implemented NOS instruction, including the utility value they hold for NOS teaching, considerations of how people learn, understanding of NOS pedagogy, and their ability to accurately and deeply self-reflect about teaching. Notably, those teachers who effectively implemented the NOS at higher levels value NOS instruction for reasons that transcend immediate instructional objectives. That is, they value teaching NOS for achieving compelling ends realized long after formal schooling (e.g., lifelong socioscientific decision-making for civic reasons), and they deeply reflect about how to teach NOS by drawing from research about how people learn. Low NOS implementers’ simplistic notions and reflections about teaching and learning appeared to be impeding factors to accurate and consistent NOS implementation. This study has implications for science teacher education efforts that promote NOS instruction.
Lateral Chromatic Aberration Optimization in Wide-Field-of-View Computational Cameras

An imaging system design procedure for miniature wide-field-of-view computational cameras is presented. Improved performance can be achieved by allowing lateral chromatic aberration in the optical design, with correction provided in computational post-processing.
Randomised natalizumab discontinuation study: taper protocol may prevent disease reactivation

Objectives To compare two modes of natalizumab cessation interventions: immediate versus tapered down, as measured by serial MRI and the occurrence of relapses during a 12-month period. Background Weighing progressive multifocal encephalopathy risk associated with ≥24 months of natalizumab therapy against the benefits of disease control, we initiated a natalizumab discontinuation study. Methods A phase IV, 12-month, single-blinded randomised (MRI) study. Fifty relapsing patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who had been on natalizumab therapy ≥24 months and were contemplating natalizumab discontinuation were enrolled. Participants were randomised to either the immediate discontinuation group (IDG) or the tapered group (TG). IDG discontinued natalizumab at once and initiated another disease modifying therapy (DMT) following the last natalizumab infusion, while the TG received two more natalizumab infusions, at 6 and 8 weeks (14 weeks from study entry) before initiating another DMT. Standardised MRI was performed at baseline, 6 and 12 months from the last natalizumab infusion. Results A higher rate of relapses in the IDG (n=28) compared to the TG (n=8) over 12 months from the last infusion (p=0.007) was observed, most relapses occurred within 3 months of discontinuation (20 vs 7 relapses, p=0.012). The IDG showed a higher number of new T2 lesions within 6–12 months of discontinuation (p=0.025), a higher mean absolute T2-LV change from 0 to 12 months (1.1 vs 0.1 mL, p=0.024) and a higher number of new T1-hypointense lesions over 0–12 months (p=0.005) as well as from baseline to 6 months (p=0.026) compared to the TG. Conclusions Natalizumab discontinuation therapy was associated with development of new disease activity. Our tapered protocol showed benefits, as patients in the TG experienced less relapses and lower accumulation of MRI lesions compared to those in the IDG.
Quantitative Measurements of Relative Accommodation and Relative Convergence

SummaryThe limits to which accommodation can be changed by interposition of spherical lenses without a change in convergence at a fixation distance of 40 cm are 4.75 D. and 0.75 D. From 4.25 D. to 1.50 D. the actual accommodation is 80% of the lens value used for stimulation.Convergence cannot be changed without slightly changing accommodation. Between the limits of —11 P.D. and +18 P.D. this change amounts to 0.01 D. change in accommodation with each 1.0 P.D. change in convergence.
Three Secrets About Harmonic Functions

In the following sections I will give the precise statements and proofs, but first some necessary notation. Let D(a, r) = {z E ¢:lz al 0}. For a, b E ¢ let [a, b] denote the interval {(1 t)a + tb: O < t < 1}. ¢x is the one-point compactification of ¢ (a.k.a. the Riemann sphere). A region is a non-void open, connected subset Q of ¢. We write SQ = Q \ Q, where bar denotes closure in ¢. If Q is unbounded, we write d=Q = {oo} U SQ. Of the myriad equivalent notions of simple connectivity in ¢ we adopt this one: Q simply connected means that C:= \ Q is connected, or what is the same thing, ¢ \ Q has no bounded component.
Abstract B26: Analyzing health benefits beyond the treatment period

Abstracts: Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research 2008 B26 When studying cancer treatments, the benefits and risks are usually reported following a specific duration of time. For example, the probability of recurrence might be reported with and without the treatment after five years. However, cancer treatments often provide benefits which last beyond the duration of the treatments themselves. Studies have demonstrated this clearly for calcium supplements in preventing recurrence of colorectal adenomas (1), and for isotretinoin in head and neck tumors (2). The risks associated with such treatments, on the other hand, usually persist only as long as the treatments are being applied. It is therefore impractical to compare the reduction of one risk with the increase of others at any single point in time in these cases. This is especially true for treatments that carry multiple risks, such as tamoxifen (3). A preferred method would be to consider the patient's survival curves both with and without the treatment. Adjusting the patient's initial (cancer-free) survival curve according to a disease-specific survival curve and a risk-specific survival curve yields the patient's probability of survival over time, accounting for all factors relevant to the treatment decision. This is a much more effective method for weighing the risks of a treatment against its benefits. In this work, we describe the process of the analysis, and apply it to specific cases. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B26.
Experimental Trapped Vorticity Flight Control Using An Augmenting Error Minimization Adaptive Law

Closed-loop feedback control is used in a series of wind tunnel experiments to efiect commanded 2-DOF maneuvers (pitch and plunge) of a free airfoil without moving control surfaces. The objective is to achieve control bandwidths that are beyond those achievable with mechanical control surfaces. Bi-directional changes in the pitching moment over a range of angles of attack are efiected by controllable, nominally-symmetric, trapped vorticity concentrations on both the suction and pressure surfaces near the trailing edge. Actuation is applied on both surfaces by hybrid actuators that are each comprised of a miniature obstruction integrated with a synthetic jet actuator to manipulate and regulate the vorticity concentrations. In the present work, the model is trimmed using position and attitude feedback loops that are actuated by servo motors and a ball screw mechanism in the plunge axis. Once the model is trimmed, the position feedback loop in the plunge axis is opened and the plunge axis is controlled in force mode. Force mode allows the simulation of free ∞ight in the wind tunnel. It can maintain the static trim force on the model, alter its efiective mass, change the dynamic characteristics of the model, and introduce disturbances. Attitude stabilization and plunge position control of the model is achieved by closing the position loop through the ∞ow control actuators using a model reference adaptive controller designed to maintain a specifled level of tracking performance in the presence of disturbances, parametric uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics associated with the ∞ow. The control law employs a neural network adaptive element in which the adaptation law is based on a novel error minimization scheme. The adaptive element augments a linear control law, and the closed loop system can be shown to be uniformly ultimately bounded through a Lyapunov-like stability analysis.
Evaluation of Foliar and Soil Treatments for Greenbug Control on Sorghum

Insecticides were evaluated as foliar or soil treatments in 1968-69 for control of C-biotype Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) on sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Foliar treatments of disulfoton, monocrotophos, parathion, dimethoate, malathion, demeton, carbophenothion, endrin, endosulfan, phorate, CL-47031 (cyclic ethylene (diethoxy-phosphinyl) dithioimidocarbonate), and carbofuran provided effective initial control, but residual toxicity varied. In general. most treated plots yielded more seed per acre than untreated plots; however, increases were statistically significant in only 1 test. Excellent control of greenblugs was obtained when granular and liquid formulations of disuifoton, phorate, and carbofuran were applied in the furrow at planting time. Granular formulations provided better season-long control than did liquid formulations and did not affect plant emergence adversely. Seed yields were significantly increased with most soil treatments.
Study on the clinical significance of Serum TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and IL-10 Level in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Objective:To investigate the change of clinical significance of serum TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and IL-10 Level in Children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.pneumonia.Methods:A total of 525 children with MPP were enrolled as research group and 100 health children were enrolled as control group.69 cases of the research group had pleural effusion,of which 21 cases had pulmonary fibrosis and 48 cases without pulmonary fibrosis were set as pulmonary fibrosis group and non-pulmonary fibrosis group.Double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent(ELISA)were applied to detect serum TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and IL-10 levels for comparison.Results:Before treatment,serum TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and IL-10 levels of the research group were significant higher than that of control group(P0.05);after treatment,serum TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and IL-10 level were significantly lower than that before treatment(P0.05).For patients without pulmonary fibrosis,TNF-αand IL-8 levels in pleural effusion were higher than that in serum,but there's no significant difference(P0.05).For those with pulmonary fibrosis,TNF-αand IL-8 levels in pleural effusion were significantly higher than those without pulmonary fibrosis(P0.05).Conclusions:TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and IL-10 were correlated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection,and they play important roles in the formation of pulmonary fibrosis.TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8and IL-10 can be used as indicators for clinical diagnosis,prognosis and judgement of the disease.
Analysis of urine lead level in employees of some electronics factory in Suzhou in 20111

Objective:To measure the lead content of urine in workers of some electronics factory,to understand the healthy state of the workers,so as to take effective protective measures for workers in such factory.Methods: The electrode potential analysis methods with MP-2 stripping analyzer was used to measure the lead content of urine and statistical analysis was then carried out.Results: 1.Urine lead levels of 25 samples were beyond the limit in the 180 urine samples(13.9%).The difference of over-limit rates between genders was not significant(P0.05),but it showed a tendency of the higher over-limit rate in women than men.2.The differences of the over-limit rate in workers with different length of service were significant.The longer one worked,the more significant the over-limit rate was.Conclusion: The over-limit rate of urine lead content in workers of the electronics factory was still at a high level,so this factory should strengthen the occupational health surveillance among the workers,improve their working environment,improve their awareness of occupational protection,conduct the occupational healthy examination regularly to protect their health.
Sudden onset of steatorrhea due to surgical occlusion of the main pancreatic duct. Report of a case.

A patient is described who had complete occlusion of the distal end of the main pancreatic duct after a Billroth II gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer. This occlusion resulted in a very unusual course with prolonged, severe steatorrhea and painless pancreatic atrophy.
Eye signs of Graves' disease.

The diverse manifestations of ophthalmopathic Graves' disease are thought to signify the degree of severity of the orbital inflammatory process. Mild disease is characterized by conjunctival inject...
Advanced tools and concepts for quantum cognition: A tutorial

This tutorial is intended to provide an introduction to some advanced tools and concepts needed to construct more realistic quantum models of cognition and decision. The aim is to cover, in a format suitable for researchers with some limited exposure to quantum models of cognition, the ideas of density matrices, POVM type measurements and open system dynamics. The central theme we explore is how we might introduce noise into our quantum models, and the effect this has on model behavior. These important ideas are likely to be very useful for constructing more realistic cognitive models, but they are generally not covered by introductory accounts of quantum theory. We hope that this tutorial will help to introduce these tools to other researchers interested in constructing quantum models of cognition.
Freeweb: P2P-Assisted Collaborative Censorship-Resistant Web Browsing

In many countries, the Internet is under stringent censorship for political or religious reasons which severely undermines the free flow of information. A censorship-resistant web browsing system must be scalable, blocking resistant, and tracing resistant. However, current censorship-resistant web browsing systems, which use a group of dedicated proxies to bypass censorship, fail to meet these requirements. To tackle these challenges, we propose Freeweb, which relies on widely-distributed peer-to-peer (P2P) nodes in a decentralized manner rather than specified proxies in a centralized manner. We also proposed enhancement methods to reduce file access delay and avoid node overloads in Freeweb. Freeweb is built on top of a Distributed Hash Table (DHT)-based P2P network, where nodes not under censorship help nodes under censorship to access blocked webpages. Freeweb has a web browser front-end whose user interface resembles existing web browsers. The underlying complex process of retrieving blocked webpages is therefore hidden from users. We implemented an open-sourced Freeweb and conducted extensive real-world experiments on PlanetLab. The experimental results show that Freeweb has a high success rate and reasonable browsing latency, and its enhancement reduces much network load and file access latency, and avoids node overloads.
Silicon-Induced UV Transparency in Phosphate Glasses and Its Application to the Enhancement of the UV Type B Emission of Gd3.

The silicon route to improve the ultraviolet (UV) transparency in phosphate glasses is investigated and further exploited to enhance the UV type B (280–320 nm) emission of gadolinium(III) relevant for biomedical applications. The glasses were synthesized with a barium phosphate composition by melt-quenching in ambient atmosphere and the optical properties investigated by optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy including emission decay kinetics. An improvement in the UV transparency was gradually developed for the glasses melted merely with increasing amounts of Si powder. A particular PL in the visible was also exhibited for such glasses under excitation at 275 nm, consistent with the presence of Si-induced defects. For Si–Gd codoped glasses, the UV transparency was likewise manifested, while the UV emission from Gd3+ around 312 nm was enhanced with the increase in Si concentration (up to ∼6.7 times). Moreover, along with the Gd3+ PL intensity enhancement, a linear correlation was revea...
Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology

TULANE STUDIES IN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY is devoted primarily to the geology and paleontology of the coasts and adjacent land areas of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Each number is issued separately and contains an individual monographic study, or several minor studies. As volumes are completed, title pages and tables of contents will be distributed to institutions exchanging the entire series.
Exposure to teasing on popular television shows and associations with adolescent body satisfaction

Abstract Objective This study uses a novel mixed methods design to examine the relationship between incidents of teasing in popular television shows and body satisfaction of adolescent viewers. Methods Survey data were used to identify 25 favorite television shows in a large population-based sample of Minnesota adolescents (N = 2793, age = 14.4 years). Data from content analysis of teasing incidents in popular shows were linked to adolescent survey data. Linear regression models examined associations between exposure to on-screen teasing in adolescents' own favorite shows and their body satisfaction. Effect modification by adolescent weight status was tested using interaction terms. Results Teasing on TV was common, with 3.3 incidents per episode; over one-quarter of teasing was weight/shape-related. Exposure to weight/shape-related teasing (β = − 0.43, p = 0.008) and teasing with overweight targets (β = − 0.03, p = 0.02) was inversely associated with girls' body satisfaction; no associations were found for boys. Findings were similar regardless of the adolescent viewer's weight status. Conclusions Families, health care providers, media literacy programs and the entertainment industry are encouraged to consider the negative effects exposure to weight stigmatization can have on adolescent girls.
Bad company: Shifts in Social Activists’ Tactics and Resources after Industry Scandals

Social Movement Organizations (SMOs) are increasingly using collaborative tactics to engage firms. Implications of this are not well understood by researchers. This study investigates one risk that looms over such collaborations: if the corporate partner is later implicated in an industry scandal. Ideas are investigated in the context of the Deepwater Horizon Oil spill. First, we find that industry scandals differentially affect contentious and collaborative SMOs' ability to mobilize resources. SMOs that had collaborated with the oil and gas industry before the spill suffered from reduced public support after the spill, while those that had contentiously interacted with the industry enjoyed increased contributions. Second, we find that industry scandals affect SMOs' willingness to collaborate with firms in the future. We show that the Horizon Oil Spill produced a broad chilling effect on environmental SMOs' collaborations with firms both within and outside of the oil and gas industry. Our findings show that there are risks inherent to a collaborative strategy which cannot be fully mitigated. Further, we demonstrate that industry scandals represent critical exogenous events that affect social activists' tactical repertoires for engaging in private politics.
Validity and Diagnostic Accuracy of Early Written Expression Screeners in Kindergarten

Many students struggle with the basic skill of writing, yet schools lack technically adequate screening measures to identify students at risk in this area. Measures that allow for valid screening d...
Self-assembled Collagen-Fibrin Hydrogel Reinforces Tissue Engineered Adventitia Vessels Seeded with Human Fibroblasts

Efforts for tissue engineering vascular grafts focuses on the tunica media and intima, although the tunica adventitia serves as the primary structural support for blood vessels. In surgery, during endarterectomies, surgeons can strip the vessel, leaving the adventitia as the main strength layer to close the vessel. Here, we adapted our recently developed technique of forming vascular tissue rings then stacking the rings into a tubular structure, to accommodate human fibroblasts to create adventitia vessels in 8 days. Collagen production and fibril cross-linking was augmented with TGF-β and ascorbic acid, significantly increasing tensile strength to 57.8 ± 3.07 kPa (p = 0.008). Collagen type I gel was added to the base fibrin hydrogel to further increase strength. Groups were: Fibrin only; 0.7 mg/ml COL; 1.7 mg/ml COL; and 2.2 mg/ml COL. The 0.7 mg/ml collagen rings resulted in the highest tensile strength at 77.0 ± 18.1 kPa (p = 0.015). Culture periods of 1–2 weeks resulted in an increase in extracellular matrix deposition and significantly higher failure strength but not ultimate tensile strength. Histological analysis showed the 0.7 mg/ml COL group had significantly more, mature collagen. Thus, a hydrogel of 0.7 mg/ml collagen in fibrin was ideal for creating and strengthening engineered adventitia vessels.
Semiconducting silicon nanowire array fabrication for high throughput screening in the biosciences

Abstract: This chapter discusses various strategies to fabricate silicon nanowire field effect transistor arrays for high throughput screening in the biosciences. At the beginning, three major strategies to fabricate addressable nanowire field effect transistor arrays are reviewed, as well as their interfacing to microfluidic devices and other complementary characterization instruments for high throughput screening. Then the underlying mechanisms of screening and practical applications in the field of DNA hybridization, virus detection, cancer diagnosis and recording of cell signals are discussed. Finally, future research trends and important reference resources are given.
Osteomyelitis of the Pubic Symphysis After Urologic Surgery

AbstractOsteomyelitis represents a pyogenic infection of the bone and marrow. The diagnosis is based on specific criteria and often is difficult to make. Herein we present 2 cases initially thought to represent osteitis pubis but subsequently proved to be osteomyelitis and compare the 2 entities, with emphasis on differential diagnosis and treatment. Despite certain differentiating characteristics tiie correct diagnosis is often uncertain without histologic examination. Since the treatment of these 2 entities is quite different equivocal cases should undergo surgical exploration and bone curettage. This procedure will enable definite diagnosis to be made and proper treatment to be instituted.
Design of Asynchronous Parallel Architectures

One major difficulty in implementing high performance parallel architectures resides in global interdependencies such as arise from clock and data synchronization. To effectively alleviate the design difficulties in global synchronization, we need to establish a modular and flexible design framework, in which the path connecting system architectures to physical implementations can be formally defined and the distance between them be reduced. Asynchronous design, which does not require a global clocking signal, provides a modular design approach to implementing parallel architectures without compromising the global performance. Asynchronous design can support fast-prototyping of parallel processing systems with a minimal amount of design effort, by providing an interconnect strategy which allows the overall system performance to be improved by individual optimization of computation modules. This allows the equivalent of the object oriented software methodology to be applied to hardware design. In this chapter, we will describe the fundamentals of asynchronous circuits and demonstrate the ease with which asynchronous parallel architectures can be realized through automated synthesis tools.
Replacing general with specific training: Why restricting alternatives makes sense

This paper summarizes additional evidence indicating that much on-the-job training appears to be "specific" in that workers do not pay for such training in the form of lower starting wages. The paper then considers reasons why workers and firms might limit the portability of training. One rationale emerges in the context of a principal-agent model with firm moral hazard. A second rationale emerges in a model with financially-constrained workers. Our findings that individuals with higher education and more experience receive a higher proportion of training that is general is consistent with either the firm moral hazard model or financially-constrained worker model predictions concerning the optimal choice of the proportion of training that is specific.
Effectiveness of a General Basic Skills Curriculum for Junior High School Girls

Abstract Two seventh grade classes were chosen at random to receive experimental basic skills instruction which emphasized problem solving and student understanding of simplified mechanics prior to instruction in volleyball, basketball, and softball. Three seventh grade classes constituted the control group. With less instruction in volleyball and basketball and an equal amount in softball, the experimental group surpassed the control group on eight sport skill tests (three significant at the 1 percent level). Their mean total sport skill score was also significantly higher. These differences were not due to superiority of the experimental group in motor ability, physical development, or intelligence.
Evaluating the Suitability of Application of Hydrological Models in a Mixed Land Use Watershed

This project compared the suitability of two hydrological models for the Flint River watershed (FRW). The Flint River flows into Wheeler Lake, which drains to …
Phase I trial of docetaxel (D), prednisone, and pasireotide (P) (SOM230) in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

5060 Background: Neuroendocrine (N) differentiation is a resistance mechanism to chemotherapy in mCRPC. Somatostatin (sst) receptor analogs demonstrate efficacy in N tumors. P is a multitargeted ss...
Effect of Mild Hyperthermia on Transdermal Absorption of Nicotine from Patches.

Application of heat (hyperthermic conditions) on skin is known to enhance drug transfer and facilitate skin penetration of molecules. The aim of this work was to study the effect of hyperthermia on the drug release and skin permeation from nicotine transdermal patches. The drug release and skin permeation were characterized by in vitro release test and in vitro permeation test. The temperature was maintained at 32 °C as control (simulating normal physiological skin temperature) and 42 °C as hyperthermia condition. The in vitro release test was carried out using USP apparatus 5-Paddle over disk method for a transdermal patch. Skin permeation study was carried out across porcine skin using the flow through cells (PermeGear, Inc.) with an active diffusion area of 0.94 cm2. Mechanistic studies (parameters such as partition coefficient, TEWL and electrical resistivity) were also performed to understand the mechanisms involved in determining the influence of hyperthermia on drug delivery from transdermal patches of nicotine. The rate and extent of drug release from nicotine patch was not significantly different at two temperatures (Cumulative release after 12 h was 43.99 ± 3.29% at 32 °C and 53.70 ± 5.14% at 42 °C). Whereas, in case of in vitro permeation studies, the nicotine transdermal permeation flux for patch was threefold higher at 42 °C (100.1 ± 14.83 μg/cm2/h) than at 32 °C (33.3 ± 14.83 μg/cm2/h). The mechanistic studies revealed that the predominant mechanism of enhancement of drug permeation by hyperthermia condition is by the way of increasing the skin permeability. There is a potential concern of dumping of higher dose of nicotine via transdermal route.
PUBLIC POLICY Session 4: TEN YEARS SINCE THE FEDERAL PARITY LAW: WHAT NEXT IS NEEDED: Session 315

Abstract The Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (the Federal Parity Law) requires that insurers treat illnesses of the brain the same way that they treat illnesses of the body. However, ten years later many individuals, including older adults, are needing to pay more out of pocket to obtain treatment for illnesses of the brain. The Carter Center Mental Health Program in collaboration with The Morehouse School of Medicine/ Kennedy-Satcher Center for Mental Health Equity and The Kennedy Forum are taking action aimed at improving regulatory and enforcement activity in order to advance the goals of parity.
What Have We (Not) Learnt from Millions of Scientific Papers with P Values

P values linked to null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is the most widely (mis)used method of statistical inference. Empirical data suggest that across the biomedical literature (1990–2015)...
Legal, Ethical, and Professional Issues Related to Use of Psychotropic Medications in School-Aged Populations

Given the important involvement of psychologists and school professionals in psychopharmacological treatment, the purpose of this chapter is to address legal, ethical, and professional issues related to the use of psychoactive medications in the school-aged population. Specific attention is given to the implications of these issues for the roles and responsibilities of school personnel when working with families and physicians around medication treatment decisions. The chapter concludes with a list of readings and websites that may be helpful for readers seeking more information on this topic.
Joint Power Control and Routing for Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) that are powered by energy harvested from the environment, also known as rechargeable WSNs, typically experience wide variations of energy availability across the network. Such variations can cause frequent node outages at specific locations where energy availability is low, whereas the remaining nodes may receive sufficient energy for continuous operation. The energy availability also varies over time due to environmental factors, which exacerbates the problem. To minimize the impact of such spatial and temporal variations of energy resources, we propose a joint Power COntrol and Routing scheme (PCOR) that adapts the energy consumption in the sensor nodes according to its available energy resources in order to facilitate uninterrupted operations. The scheme is applied to data collecting WSNs with a MAC that utilizes asynchronous duty-cycling for energy conservation. PCOR achieves its objective by reducing the energy consumption at energy-critical sensor nodes, i.e. nodes that have comparatively lower energy resources, using network-wide cooperative power control and route adaptations. This is accomplished by reducing the overhearing at energy-critical nodes, which is a key cause of energy consumption in such networks. We demonstrate through simulations and experimental results that PCOR reduces overhearing at energy-constrained nodes by up to 75% without significantly affecting the end–to–end packet delivery rates.
Mp-Matt:a Time Series Prediction Method with Mine Gas Sensor Data

Based on the Encoder-Decoder Framework, Combined with the Pooling Preprocessing and the Mupli-Attention Mechanism, This Paper Proposed the Mp-Matt Model for the Prediction of Mine Gas Time Series Data. the Model Had a Good Predictive Accuracy in the Data Set of Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide and Methane in a Mine. the Accuracy of the Best Baseline Comparison Model Had Increased by 10.30%, 22.26% and 20.02%, Respectively. This Study Compared the Effects of Each Component in the Model. the Comparison Showed That the Multi-Attention Layer Had the Most Obvious Effect. the Increase of the Metic Pooling Layer Was Lower, and the Effect of Adding the Fatt Layer Was Slightly Better Than That of Adding the Hatt Layer.
PK/PD-driven starting and effective human dose determination for immuno-oncology drugs

Abstract Immuno-oncology (I-O) therapies exploit body's own immune system to fight cancer. These therapies include immune-checkpoint inhibitors, immune agonist antibodies, T-cell engaging bispecific molecules, CAR-T cells, and oncolytic viruses. While I-O therapies can eradicate the cancer, they can also lead to fatal toxicities. As such, it is very important to choose the right dosing regimen for clinical evaluation of I-O agents, which can balance the risks and benefits associated with these drugs. In this chapter, we have provided several examples of how PK/PD drive approaches like MABEL, HNSTD/NOAEL, or mathematical modeling and simulation can be used for selection of FIH and effective clinical dose of I-O therapies.
ChemTest: an automated software testing framework for an emerging paradigm

In recent years the use of non-traditional computing mechanisms has grown rapidly. One paradigm uses chemical reaction networks (CRNs) to compute via chemical interactions. CRNs are used to prototype molecular devices at the nanoscale such as intelligent drug therapeutics. In practice, these programs are first written and simulated in environments such as MatLab and later compiled into physical molecules such as DNA strands. However, techniques for testing the correctness of CRNs are lacking. Current methods of validating CRNs include model checking and theorem proving, but these are limited in scalability. In this paper we present the first (to the best of our knowledge) testing framework for CRNs, ChemTest. ChemTest evaluates test oracles on individual simulation traces and supports functional, metamorphic, internal and hyper test cases. It also allows for flakiness and programs that are probabilistic. We performed a large case study demonstrating that ChemTest can find seeded faults and scales beyond model checking. Of our tests, 21% are inherently flaky, suggesting that systematic support for this paradigm is needed. On average, functional tests find 66.5% of the faults, while metamorphic tests find 80.4%, showing the benefit of using metamorphic relationships in our test framework. In addition, we show how the time at evaluation impacts fault detection.