cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nicotine replacement and behavioral therapy for smoking cessation in pregnancy.

Methods: An open-label randomized trial (Baby Steps, n181) of CBT-only versus CBTNRT (choice of patch, gum, or lozenge; 1:2 randomization) was used. Data were collected from 2003 through 2005; analyses were conducted in 2006 and 2007. Outcomes were biochemically validated self-reported smoking status at 7 weeks post-randomization, 38 weeks gestation, and 3 months postpartum. Results: Women in the CBTNRT arm were almost three times more likely than women in the CBT-only arm to have biochemically validated cessation at both pregnancy time points (after 7 weeks: 24% vs 8%, p0.02; at 38 weeks gestation: 18% vs 7%, p0.04), but not at 3 months postpartum (20% vs 14%, p0.55). Recruitment was suspended early by an Independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board when an interim analysis found a higher rate of negative birth outcomes in the CBTNRT arm than in the CBT-only arm. In the final analysis, the difference between the arms in rate of negative birth outcomes was 0.09 (p0.26), when adjusted for previous history of preterm birth. Conclusions: The addition of NRT to CBT promoted smoking cessation in pregnant women. This effect did not persist postpartum. More data are needed to determine safety parameters and to confirm the efficacy of NRT use during pregnancy. (Am J Prev Med 2007;33(4):297–305) © 2007 American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Onyx embolization of an intraosseous pseudoaneurysm of the middle meningeal artery in a patient with meningiomatosis, McCune-Albright syndrome, and gray platelet syndrome

A 13-year-old boy with meningiomatosis, McCune-Albright syndrome, and gray platelet syndrome presented with an enlarging "lump" on his right forehead. A head CT scan revealed a polyostotic fibrous dysplasia involving the entire skull. A 3.4-cm right frontal osseous cavity and an overlying right forehead subcutaneous soft-tissue mass were seen, measuring 5.2 cm in diameter and 1.6 cm thick. Ultrasound of the cavity and overlying mass showed swirling of blood and an arterialized waveform. MRI revealed an en plaque meningioma underlying the cavity. An intraosseous pseudoaneurysm fed by 3 distal anterior division branches of the right middle meningeal artery (MMA) with contrast extravasation was found on angiography. Two MMA feeders were embolized with Onyx, with anterograde filling of the intraosseous cavity with Onyx. A small pocket of residual intracavity contrast filling postembolization from a smaller third MMA feeder eventually thrombosed and the forehead lump regressed.
High Temperature Fracture Toughness of Ni3Al Alloy IC-396M

The fracture toughness of a nickel aluminide alloy IC-396M has been measured from room temperature to 800°C. The material was tested in the as-cast condition. Specimens were oriented for crack growth either parallel or perpendicular to the dendritic structure (C-R and R-C orientations, respectively). Both orientations had acceptable levels of toughness from room temperature to 600°C. At 650°C the toughness decreased markedly with some recovery at 800°C. Examination of the fracture surfaces revealed that the fracture mode changed from a ductile tearing mechanism at temperatures up to 600°C to interdendritic fracture at 650°C and higher temperatures. At 650°C the crack grew along the dendrite axis for the C-R specimens, but for the R-C specimens the crack grew out-of-plane in attempting to follow the dendritic structure. It is believed that the presence of the sharp crack in the fracture toughness specimens allowed oxygen to penetrate to the crack tip, where straining exposed metal surfaces that were not protected by an oxide layer. The result was embrittlement of the interdendritic regions and low energy fracture, analogous to intergranular fracture in wrought materials.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Drug-Eluting Stents Placed in the Setting of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction⁎

The approval for marketing and distribution of drug-eluting stents (DES) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration was based on seminal trials that primarily included stable patients with noncomplex coronary artery lesions. Not surprisingly, given the marked reduction in the need for repeat target
Abstract CN01-02: Facilitating the patient-centeredness of care for individuals with multiple chronic illnesses: Why does it matter?

Patient-centeredness is a critical component of high quality care. In order to facilitate research focused on the delivery of patient-centered care, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) published a monograph in 2007 titled “Patient-Centered Communication in Cancer Care: Promoting Healing And Reducing Suffering.” This monograph proposed a conceptual framework that identified six key functions of patient-centered communication (PCC) that healthcare organizations will need to facilitate in order to optimize patient health outcomes (fostering healing relationships, exchanging information, making decisions, addressing emotions, enabling patient self-management, and managing uncertainty). Using data from NCI9s 2012 Health Information National Trends Survey, based on NCI9s six function PCC framework, we evaluated the patient-centeredness of care delivered to individuals living with multiple (≥2) chronic conditions (MCC) in the U.S. and examined potential sources of disparities in the delivery of PCC for these individuals. We also examined the association between PCC and patients9 self-efficacy for taking care of their health. The 2012 Health Information National Trends Survey collected self-reported data on a diagnosis of 7 chronic illnesses (cancer, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, arthritis, chronic lung disease, and depression/anxiety). Responses to items mapping onto NCI9s six function PCC framework and patients9 self-efficacy were also collected. Analyses were based on data from 3,000 respondents who had at least one medical visit in the past year. Overall, 48% of respondents were diagnosed with MCC. Significant deficits in PCC were reported (e.g., 1-in-6 were rarely involved in decisions as much as they wanted; 1-in-5 rarely received needed attention to their emotions). PCC scores, however, did not vary by number of chronic illnesses. A third of respondents reported limited confidence (not at all/little/somewhat confident) in taking care of their health. Self-efficacy significantly decreased with the number of illnesses (P The increasing burden of MCC in the U.S. is likely to result in diminished patient efficacy in taking care of their health. Efforts at improving the patient-centered aspects of care are likely to facilitate greater patient engagement in this important patient population. Citation Format: Neeraj K. Arora, Bradford W. Hesse, Russell Glasgow. Facilitating the patient-centeredness of care for individuals with multiple chronic illnesses: Why does it matter?. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr CN01-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-CN01-02
A Boundary Element Algorithm for Nonlinear Transient Elastic Wave Interaction with Frictional Interface

A time-domain iterative boundary element algorithm for the study of nonlinear transient elastic wave interaction with unbonded frictional interfaces is presented. A general two-dimensional formulation is given which is applicable to both the in-plane (P,SV) and out-of-plane (SH) interaction of two arbitrary rough bodies in total or partial contact which may also slide relative to each other, governed by Coulomb friction. Numerical results for (SH) motion are presented for some linear test cases without sliding and for the non-linear propagation of slip zones along extended interfaces.
Multiple Levels of Influence That Impact Youth Tobacco Use.

Objective Multiple levels of influence interplay to impact youth tobacco use. We work towards understanding important policy and environmental strategies that are associated with youth tobacco use behaviors. Methods We utilized data from participants of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study and linked national data from multiple sources to assess correlates of youth tobacco use behaviors across individual, family, school, community, and state-level policy influences. Results Higher cigarette prices had the strongest association with youth tobacco use behaviors. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics at the individual, familial, and community/school-levels were associated with youth tobacco use behaviors. Conclusions In the present study, we confirm that higher cigarette prices could help to reduce youth tobacco use behaviors. Several states are still lagging behind in terms of their low cigarette tax and they should enact tax policies to reduce youth tobacco use.
Safety and Efficacy of Warfarin Reversal with Four-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for Subtherapeutic INR in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

The use of vitamin K antagonists is an independent risk factor for the development of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) is recommended for urgent reversal of anticoagulation in this setting. The safety and efficacy of 4F-PCC in ICH with subtherapeutic levels of anticoagulation is yet to be determined. This was a retrospective, observational study of 4F-PCC administration data from September 2013 to July 2015. Patients with spontaneous or traumatic ICH with initial INR 1.4–1.9 were compared to those with INR 2–3.9. A Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the difference between the two groups in the effectiveness of 4F-PCC in reversing the INR to ≤1.3 and in the occurrence of thrombotic events within 7 days of administration. A total of 131 patients with a presenting INR between 1.4 and 3.9 received 4F-PCC during the study period. Twenty-three of 29 patients (79 %) in the INR <2 group achieved an INR reduction to ≤1.3 after 4F-PCC administration compared to 47 of 92 patients (51 %) in the INR 2–4 group, p = 0.03. There was no difference in thrombotic complications within 7 days after administration (6.7 % in INR 1.4–1.9 group, 10 % in INR 2–3.9 group, p = 0.73). The use of 4F-PCC in patients with INR between 1.4 and 1.9 results in an effective reduction in INR with similar thrombotic risks compared to patients presenting with an INR of 2–3.9.
Investigation on awareness rate of food safety knowledge among food service employees in Daxing District of Beijing

[Objective]To understand the awareness rate of food safety knowledge among food service employees in Daxing District of Beijing,provide the basis for further carrying out the health education and improving the level of food service. [Methods]246 food service employees from 82 catering enterprises in Daxing District were randomly investigated,and the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 16. 0 software. [Results]The awareness rate of food safety knowledge among food service employees in Daxing District was good,and the integrated pass rate was 80. 7%. The awareness rates of the basic knowledge about food safety,such as what is food,how to use food additives,and how to record stock content,were low relatively in some food service employees. There were significant differences in awareness rates of food safety knowledge among food service employees with different education level( F =4. 523,P 0. 05) and different post( F =4. 551,P 0. 05).[Conclusion]It is important to continuously to strengthen food safety knowledge training among food service employees,focus on the knowledge with lower awareness rate and attitude and behavior with lower formation rate,improve the level of food safety knowledge among food service employees,and standardize the professional behavior,and ensure the effective implementation of food safety system.
Commensurate and incommensurate spin-density waves and the superconductivity dome in heavy electron systems

The nesting of the Fermi surfaces of an electron and a hole pocket separated by a nesting vector $\mathbf{Q}$ and the interaction between electrons gives rise to itinerant antiferromagnetism. The order can gradually be suppressed by mismatching the nesting and a quantum critical point is obtained as the N\'eel temperature tends to zero. If the vector $\mathbf{Q}$ is commensurate with the lattice (umklapp with $\mathbf{Q}=\mathbf{G}/2$), pairs of electrons can be transferred between the pockets and a superconducting dome above the quantum critical point may arise. If the vector $\mathbf{Q}$ is not commensurate with the lattice, there are eight phases that need to be considered: commensurate and incommensurate spin and charge density waves and four superconductivity phases, two of them with a modulated order parameter of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) type. The renormalization group equations are studied and numerically integrated. The phase diagram is obtained as a function of the mismatch of the Fermi surfaces and the magnitude of $|\mathbf{Q}\ensuremath{-}\mathbf{G}/2|$.
Honey for acute cough in children.

For the current issue of the Journal, we asked Dr Sarah J Barker to comment on and put into context the recent Cochrane Review on honey for acute cough in children.
Endogenous Preferences and Welfare Evaluations

Economists and scholars in law and economics typically assume that preferences are exogenous; that is, that the policies being considered will not change the preferences of economic actors. This assumption is wrong for many policies that law and economics scholars study. This essay examines some of the consequences for normative analysis if we instead assume that preferences are endogenous. It describes some of the puzzles that occur, and classifies them in two categories: adaptive preferences, and maladaptive preferences. Adaptive preferences occur as people adapt to the status quo in ways that call into question whether we should really honor their preferences - doing so may justify a status quo that is quite problematic. Maladaptive preferences occur as people fail to correctly predict and adapt to the environment, thereby hurting themselves. There are a variety of partial responses to these puzzles that we can use within the welfare economics tradition. Some possible responses include: Pareto self-improvements, no-regret improvements, scrubbed-up preferences, Becker's approach to utility functions, and constrained efficiency. None of these concepts on its own fully solves our problems. Indeed, even collectively they fall short. Still, these concepts help. They allow us to analyze pragmatically in many circumstances where the puzzles of endogenous preferences arise.
Does the Zeta Potential of an Iron Ore Concentrate Affect the Strength and Dustiness of Unfired and Fired Pellets

ABSTRACTWe show how pelletizing additives affect the zeta potential, sedimentation and agglomeration behavior of a hematitic iron ore concentrate. When the additives stabilized the particle–water system—indicated by higher zeta potential, higher total suspended solids content and denser settled sludge—pellet strength increased and dustiness decreased. Conversely, when the additives destabilized the particle-water system—indicated by lower zeta potential, lower total suspended solids content and rarer settled sludge—pellets became weaker and dustier. Specifically, our results show that problems related to starch binders can be resolved using carefully selected dispersants, and starch-dispersant mixtures are better pellet binders than starch alone.In general, our results suggest that sedimentation and zeta potential tests may be effective techniques for understanding pellet–water–binder systems; organic dispersants are good alternatives to bentonite for making low-silica binders; and understanding surface p...
High-Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticle Imaging in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

Summary Nanoparticles promise to advance the field of cardiovascular theranostics. However, their sustained and targeted delivery remains an important obstacle. The body synthesizes some “natural” nanoparticles, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which may home to the atherosclerotic plaque and promote cholesterol efflux. In a recent article published in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging , investigators generated modified, radiolabeled HDL nanoparticles and confirmed they accumulated in atherosclerotic lesions from several different species. These approaches hold promise for the noninvasive diagnosis of vulnerable plaque and in the stratification of patients in whom HDL-mimetic therapy may have a clinical benefit.
How sense-of-direction and learning intentionality relate to spatial knowledge acquisition in the environment

People’s impression of their own “sense-of-direction” (SOD) is related to their ability to effectively find their way through environments, such as neighborhoods and cities, but is also related to the speed and accuracy with which they learn new environments. In the current literature, it is unclear whether the cognitive skills underlying SOD require intentional cognitive effort to produce accurate knowledge of a new environment. The cognitive skills underlying SOD could exert their influence automatically—without conscious intention—or they might need to be intentionally and effortfully applied. Determining the intentionality of acquiring environmental spatial knowledge would shed light on whether individuals with a poor SOD can be trained to use the skill set of an individual with good SOD, thereby improving their wayfinding and spatial learning. Therefore, this research investigates the accuracy of spatial knowledge acquisition during a walk through a previously unfamiliar neighborhood by individuals with differing levels of self-assessed SOD, as a function of whether their spatial learning was intentional or incidental. After walking a route through the neighborhood, participants completed landmark, route, and survey knowledge tasks. SOD was related to the accuracy of acquired spatial knowledge, as has been found previously. However, learning intentionality did not affect spatial knowledge acquisition, neither as a main effect nor in interaction with SOD. This research reveals that while the accuracy of spatial knowledge acquired via direct travel through an environment is validly measured by self-reported SOD, the spatial skills behind a good SOD appear to operate with or without intentional application.
Observations on the effects of oil field structures on their biotic environment: platform fouling community

Fouling organisms include nearly 2000 species of sessile algae and invertebrates (WHOI, 1952) that have great economic importance to owners and operators of ships and fixed offshore structures. They increase the fuel consumption of ships and affect the design of offshore oil platforms. The fouling community has been described in many parts of the world and on many substrates (McDougall, 1943; Scheer, 1945; Fuller, 1946; WHOI, 1952; Daniel, 1954; Raja, 1959, 1963; Skerman, 1959; Kawahara, 1962; Nair, 1962; Stubbings and Houghton, 1964; Haderlie, 1969; Pearse and Chess, 1971; Lee and Trott, 1973), including Texas coast oil field structures (Gunter and Geyer, 1955). However, the variation in this community is large, even over relatively short distances (Weiss, 1948), and alternative stable communities may be established at the same site on structures added at different times of the year (Sutherland, 1974).
Commentary on Embodied Minds and Dancing Brains: New Opportunities for Research in Mathematics Education

Stephen Campbell’s chapter reads as a clarion call for education researchers to appreciate and make use of the concept that the process of learning mathematics, whether in kindergarten or graduate school, essentially involves grounding its the abstract concepts and symbol manipulations in the learner’s imaginative experience, and that the experience of learners and researchers alike is dominated by and rooted in their experience as embodied agents moving in our 3-D world and interacting with objects and other agents including other people.
The Riemann Mapping Theorem

The Riemann Mapping Theorem implies that, as far as H(G) can tell, all simply connected regions are the “same”. To clarify what this means we need the following notion of equivalence.
Manual and automatic measures confirm — Intranasal oxytocin increases facial expressivity

The effects of oxytocin on facial emotional expressivity were investigated in individuals with schizophrenia and age-matched healthy controls during the completion of a Social Judgment Task (SJT) with a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Although pharmacological interventions exist to help alleviate some symptoms of schizophrenia, currently available agents are not effective at improving the severity of blunted facial affect. Participant facial expressivity was previously quantified from video recordings of the SJT using a well-validated manual approach (Facial Expression Coding System; FACES). We confirm these findings using an automated computer-based approach. Using both methods we found that the administration of oxytocin significantly increased total facial expressivity in individuals with schizophrenia and increased facial expressivity at trend level in healthy controls. Secondary analysis showed that oxytocin also significantly increased the frequency of negative valence facial expressions in individuals with schizophrenia but not in healthy controls and that oxytocin did not significantly increase positive valence facial expressions in either group. Both manual coding and automatic facial analysis revealed the same pattern of findings. Considering manual annotation can be expensive and time-consuming, these results suggest that automatic facial analysis may be an efficient and cost-effective alternative to currently utilized manual approaches and may be ready for use in clinical settings.
Cell Cycle Regulation and DNA Damage

Regulation of the cell cycle is perhaps the best-understood facet of the DNA damage. DNA damage signals generated downstream of the apical DNA damage signaling kinases ATM and ATR lead to transient checkpoints in the cell cycle at the G1/S and G2/M boundaries, as well as transient inhibition of DNA replication. The focus of this review is to highlight the current understanding and established principles of DNA damage-dependent cell cycle regulation, including the roles of protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, and regulated protein degradation. The DNA damage-cell cycle paradigm has broad implications for understanding genomic instability, cancer susceptibility, and neurodegenerative disease.
Insufficient Accommodation and Near Esophoria: Precursors or Concomitants of Juvenile-Onset Myopia?

Reduced blur-driven accommodation and near esophoria have been linked to the development and progression of myopia. Although both laboratory and clinical studies have reported that these conditions occur concomitantly with progressing myopia, less evidence is available that they occur before the onset of myopia. Obviously, the identification of predictive factors has important implications for the treatment and prevention of myopia, as well as for establishing the temporal order of causal mechanisms. Data from our laboratory indicate that accommodative insufficiency is an accompaniment of myopia. On the other hand, some clinical data show reduced accommodation before the onset of myopia. With respect to phorias, both laboratory and clinical data show a convergent (esophoric) shift in the near phoria as myopia develops. However, there is conflicting evidence as to the predictive power of esophoria relative to exophoria before the onset of myopia. What turns out to be highly predictive of later myopia is refractive error before the onset of myopia. Refractions of premyopic children are less positive than those of children who remain emmetropic. This finding could partially account for the differences in accommodation and phorias reported for these two groups of children.
The evolution of the sales process: Relationship selling versus “the Challenger Sale”

Introduced in 2012, the Challenger Sale has become one of the most talked about approaches to selling since SPIN Selling was introduced in the 1980s. In particular, the authors of the Challenger Sa...
Identifying roles for peptidergic signaling in mice

Despite accumulating evidence demonstrating the essential roles played by neuropeptides, it has proven challenging to use this information to develop therapeutic strategies. Peptidergic signaling can involve juxtacrine, paracrine, endocrine, and neuronal signaling, making it difficult to define physiologically important pathways. One of the final steps in the biosynthesis of many neuropeptides requires a single enzyme, peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), and lack of amidation renders most of these peptides biologically inert. PAM, an ancient integral membrane enzyme that traverses the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways, also affects cytoskeletal organization and gene expression. While mice, zebrafish, and flies lacking Pam (PamKO/KO ) are not viable, we reasoned that cell type-specific elimination of Pam expression would generate mice that could be screened for physiologically important and tissue-specific deficits. Conditional PamcKO/cKO mice, with loxP sites flanking the 2 exons deleted in the global PamKO/KO mouse, were indistinguishable from wild-type mice. Eliminating Pam expression in excitatory forebrain neurons reduced anxiety-like behavior, increased locomotor responsiveness to cocaine, and improved thermoregulation in the cold. A number of amidated peptides play essential roles in each of these behaviors. Although atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is not amidated, Pam expression in the atrium exceeds levels in any other tissue. Eliminating Pam expression in cardiomyocytes increased anxiety-like behavior and improved thermoregulation. Atrial and serum levels of ANP fell sharply in PAM myosin heavy chain 6 conditional knockout mice, and RNA sequencing analysis identified changes in gene expression in pathways related to cardiac function. Use of this screening platform should facilitate the development of therapeutic approaches targeted to peptidergic pathways.
Genetic and Epigenetic Characterization of Pulpal and Periapical Inflammation

Pulpal and periapical diseases affect a large segment of the population. The role of microbial infections and host effector molecules in these diseases is well established. However, the interaction between host genes and environmental factors in disease susceptibility and progression is less well understood. Studies of genetic polymorphisms in disease relevant genes have suggested that individual predisposition may contribute to susceptibility to pulpal and periapical diseases. Other studies have explored the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to these diseases. Ongoing research expands the spectrum of non-coding RNAs in pulpal disease to include viral microRNAs as well. This review summarizes recent advances in the genetic and epigenetic characterization of pulpal and periapical disease, with special emphasis on recent data that address the pathogenesis of irreversible pulpal pathosis and apical periodontitis. Specifically, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene expression and gene polymorphism, as well as recent data on DNA methylation and microRNAs are reviewed. Improved understanding of these mechanisms may aid in disease prevention as well as in improved treatment outcomes.
Application of cardiac MRI in myocarditis

Myocarditis refers to inflammatory disease of the myocardium caused by variety pathogens, 90% of patients are asymptomatic.A new and effective screening method is badly needed.Lake Louise standard cardiac MRI has become the non-invasive alternative diagnostic methods for myocarditis(instead of myocardial biopsy), as it can not only to show myocardial injury site, but can also reveal the extent of myocardial edema, fibrosis repair in late phase. Key words: Myocarditis; Fulminant myocarditis; Magnetic resonance imaging,
The maximum likelihood estimator under the exponential distribution with right-censored linear regression data

Abstract The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) under the parametric set-up with the right-censored (RC) data rarely has a closed form solution. The exponential distribution is an exception. Moreover, the parametric MLE’s with RC regression data are currently computed by iterative algorithms. We show that the MLE of the exponential distribution under the linear regression model with RC data has a closed form solution and prove its consistency. We also propose a diagnostic plot method and a test of H 0 : Y = β X + W and X ⊥ W , where W ∼ E x p ( θ ) , and apply them to a cancer data set.
Analysis of a preQ1-I riboswitch in effector-free and bound states reveals a metabolite-programmed nucleobase-stacking spine that controls gene regulation

Riboswitches are structured RNA motifs that recognize metabolites to alter the conformations of downstream sequences, leading to gene regulation. To investigate this molecular framework, we determined crystal structures of a preQ1-I riboswitch in effector-free and bound states at 2.00 A and 2.65 A-resolution. Both pseudoknots exhibited the elusive L2 loop, which displayed distinct conformations. Conversely, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence (SDS) in the S2 helix of each structure remained unbroken. The expectation that the effector-free state should expose the SDS prompted us to conduct solution experiments to delineate environmental changes to specific nucleobases in response to preQ1. We then used nudged elastic band computational methods to derive conformational-change pathways linking the crystallographically-determined effector-free and bound-state structures. Pathways featured: (i) unstacking and unpairing of L2 and S2 nucleobases without preQ1-exposing the SDS for translation and (ii) stacking and pairing L2 and S2 nucleobases with preQ1-sequestering the SDS. Our results reveal how preQ1 binding reorganizes L2 into a nucleobase-stacking spine that sequesters the SDS, linking effector recognition to biological function. The generality of stacking spines as conduits for effector-dependent, interdomain communication is discussed in light of their existence in adenine riboswitches, as well as the turnip yellow mosaic virus ribosome sensor.
Machine Learning in Population and Public Health.

Research in population and public health focuses on the mechanisms between different cultural, social, and environmental factors and their effect on the health, of not just individuals, but communities as a whole. We present here a very brief introduction into research in these fields, as well as connections to existing machine learning work to help activate the machine learning community on such topics and highlight specific opportunities where machine learning, public and population health may synergize to better achieve health equity.
Proteins in Bioelectricity

At the turn of the century it was widely accepted that in a fluid system, such as the living cell, ions must be the carriers of electric currents. Since the uneven distribution of Na+ and K+ ions between the interior of cells and their outer environment was already known, Overton(63) proposed, on the basis of simple experiments, that during electrical activity Na+ ions move into the cell interior and an equivalent amount of K+ ions flow to the outside. It is common knowledge that Overton’s assumption was borne out when, after World War II, radioactive ions became available and made it possible to measure ion movements during rest and during activity. But the fundamental question for understanding these processes is that of the control of these ion movements. It was postulated at the turn of the century that the cell membranes surrounding nerve and muscle fibers must have a special ability to change their permeability to ions during activity, although at that time cell membranes were largely a hypothetical postulate. No mechanism was considered for explaining the changes of permeability to ions.
Point of Care Ultrasonography for Objective Assessment of Heart Failure: Integration of Cardiac, Vascular, and Extravascular Determinants of Volume Status.

Background: Lingering congestion portends poor outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and is a key target in their management. Studies have shown that physical exam has low yield in this setting and conventional methods for more precise assessment and monitoring of volume status (e.g., body weight, natriuretic peptides, and chest radiography) have significant inherent shortcomings. Summary: Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) is a noninvasive versatile bedside diagnostic tool that enhances the sensitivity of conventional physical examination to gauge congestion in these patients. It also aids in monitoring the efficacy of decongestive therapy and bears prognostic significance. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of focused sonographic assessment of the heart, venous system, and extravascular lung water/ascites (i.e., the pump, pipes, and the leaks) in objective assessment of fluid volume status. Key Messages: Since each of the discussed components of POCUS has its limitations, a combinational ultrasound evaluation guided by the main clinical features would be the key to reliable assessment and effective management of congestion in patients with HF.
A FOUNDATION FOR A CULTURE OF JUSTPEACE: Church as a Hermeneutic Community to Promote Peace Narratives

This article argues that a culture of justpeace could be reached if the church as a hermeneutic community interprets all narratives in the light of promoting justpeace. Promoting good narratives will shape us to be peacemakers. By using the concept of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) as a method, this article aims to invite people to engage conflict in a constructive way. This article aims discovers the role of justice, truth, and ecumenical-interreligious dialogue which play in the vision of a culture of justpeace. It also shows how the use of imagination is important in dreaming of a culture of justpeace. It invites us to see how narratives drive our imagination and design our character to make peace or violence.
The encapsulin from Thermatoga maritima is a flavoprotein with a symmetry matched ferritin-like cargo protein

Abstract Bacterial nanocompartments, also known as encapsulins, are an emerging class of protein-based ‘organelles’ found in bacteria and archaea. Encapsulins are virus-like icosahedral particles comprising a ∼25-50 nm shell surrounding a specific cargo enzyme. Compartmentalization is thought to create a unique chemical environment to facilitate catalysis and isolate toxic intermediates. Many questions regarding nanocompartment structure-function remain unanswered, including how shell symmetry dictates cargo loading and to what extent the shell facilitates enzymatic activity. Here, we explore these questions using the model T. maritima nanocompartment known to encapsulate a redox-active ferritin-like protein. Biochemical analysis revealed the encapsulin shell to possess a flavin binding site located at the interface between capsomere subunits, suggesting the shell may play a direct and active role in the function of the encapsulated cargo. Furthermore, we used cryoEM to show that cargo proteins use a form of symmetry-matching to facilitate encapsulation and define stoichiometry. In the case of the T. maritima encapsulin, the decameric cargo protein with 5-fold symmetry preferentially binds to the pentameric-axis of the icosahedral shell. Taken together, these observations suggest the shell is not simply a passive barrier—it also plays a significant role in the structure and function of the cargo enzyme.
LIRS2: an improved LIRS replacement algorithm

A block replacement algorithm keeps receiving attention on improvement of its hit ratio. Many replacement algorithms have been proposed, among which LIRS stands out with its consistently higher hit ratio across various workloads with low time and space overheads. However, there are still access patterns where LIRS produces sub-optimal hit ratio and has room for further improvement. In this paper, we replace the locality measure used by LIRS, the reuse distance, with a more stable and thus more reliable measure, to predict future access time. The new measure is the sum of a block's two recent consecutive reuse distances. It addresses the issue with the reuse distance, which is more likely to fluctuate and mislead replacement decisions. We proposed LIRS2 by incorporating this new measure into the LIRS algorithm to reduce its miss ratio. We further propose a replacement design that allows a responsive adaptation between LIRS2 and LRU so that LRU-friendly access patterns can be well accommodated. We have implemented LLRS2 and its adaptive variant. With extensive experiments on traces from different sources, we show that the algorithms can consistently improve cache miss ratio with low overheads.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

Abstract Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a medically unexplained illness characterized by severe fatigue limiting normal daily activities for at least 6 months accompanied by problems with unrefreshing sleep, exacerbation of symptoms following physical or mental efforts (postexertional malaise [PEM]), and either cognitive reports or physiological evidence of orthostatic intolerance in the form of either orthostatic tachycardia and/or hypocapnia. Although rarely considered to have cardiac dysfunction, ME/CFS patients frequently have reduced stroke volume with a significant inverse relation between cardiac output and PEM severity. Magnetic resonance imaging of ME/CFS patients compared with normal control subjects found significantly reduced stroke, end-systolic, and end-diastolic volumes together with reduced end-diastolic wall mass. Another cardiovascular abnormality is reduced nocturnal blood pressure assessed by 24-hour monitoring. Autonomic dysfunction is also frequently observed with postural orthostatic tachycardia and/or hypocapnia. Two consecutive cardiopulmonary stress tests may provide metabolic data substantiating PEM.
Hosea 4 and 11, and the Structure of Hosea

Hosea 4:1-3 pronounces an indictment on the entire world as a way of getting home a message to Ephraim. It opens a series of biddings in 4:1–9:9 that seek to get Ephraim to face the facts about itself and about the danger it is in. Hosea 9:10–13:16 [14:1] then comprises a series of reminders of past and present realities in the relationship between Israel and Yahweh. Within it, 11:1-11 is not a self-contained pericope marking mercy’s final victory over wrath, but part of 11:1–12:1 [2], which continues to urge Ephraim to choose between doom and hope.
To Investigate the Effect of Targeted Overdilation in Balloon-Expandable Stents.

Purpose Balloon-expandable stents are commonly used for the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures. We routinely perform targeted overdilation of these stents 1-2mm on initial deployment to prevent stent migration or allow foreshortening to target airway caliber; however, specific data on the effect of targeted overdilation is unknown. Patients and Methods We used three iCAST stents (6×22mm, 7×22mm, and 10×38mm) to perform the study. We had two sets of each size to average our results. Targeted overdilation was accomplished with Merit Elation balloons. Results The 6 × 22 and 7 × 22 stent OD increased from 6 to 11.4mm and 7 to 11.6mm. The 10 × 38 stent demonstrated minimal OD change with overdilation (OD change of 10.4 to 12.2mm). All stents demonstrated significant foreshortening with overdilation (20.2 to 5.65mm, 19.4 to 6mm, and 30.9 to 10.2mm for 6 × 22, 7 × 22, and 10 × 38, respectively). The breakpoint was seen at near twice the stated stent OD (13.5mm, 15mm, and 15mm with 6 × 22, 7 × 22 and 10 × 38, respectively). Conclusion We have demonstrated that iCAST stents can increase their OD with subsequent foreshortening during targeted overdilation. This data can help facilitate decisions when selecting a particular iCAST stent for a specific airway application. Additionally, we have highlighted that balloon inflation diameter does not correspond to the actual stent OD during deployment. We believe that this data offers practical information for end-users of this stent type and additional data will be needed to corroborate our findings.
Protection of dopaminergic cells by urate requires its accumulation in astrocytes

Urate is the end product of purine metabolism and a major antioxidant circulating in humans. Recent data link higher levels of urate with a reduced risk of developing Parkinson's disease and with a slower rate of its progression. In this study, we investigated the role of astrocytes in urate-induced protection of dopaminergic cells in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. In mixed cultures of dopaminergic cells and astrocytes oxidative stress-induced cell death and protein damage were reduced by urate. By contrast, urate was not protective in pure dopaminergic cell cultures. Physical contact between dopaminergic cells and astrocytes was not required for astrocyte-dependent rescue as shown by conditioned medium experiments. Urate accumulation in dopaminergic cells and astrocytes was blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of urate transporters expressed differentially in these cells. The ability of a urate transport blocker to prevent urate accumulation into astroglial (but not dopaminergic) cells predicted its ability to prevent dopaminergic cell death. Transgenic expression of uricase reduced urate accumulation in astrocytes and attenuated the protective influence of urate on dopaminergic cells. These data indicate that urate might act within astrocytes to trigger release of molecule(s) that are protective for dopaminergic cells.
Twin Poets Who Lived Apart: Nazim Hikmet and Faiz Ahmed Faiz

The two twentieth century poets, Nazim Hikmet of Turkey and Faiz Ahmed Faiz of Pakistan, were so similar in their political struggles and poetic discourse; they look like twin poets who lived apart in different societies. Both are remembered as poets who juxtaposed ideological sensibilities with romantic imageries in their poetry. Both fought against tyrannies of their rulers and were invariably imprisoned and exiled from their own countries. The paper, citing their work and life experiences, draws parallels from their ideological and poetic discourse.
Cell surface expression and biosynthesis of epithelial Na+ channels

The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) complex is composed of three homologous subunits: alpha, beta and gamma. Mutations in ENaC subunits can increase the number of channels on the cell surface, causing a hereditary form of hypertension called Liddle's syndrome, or can decrease channel activity, causing pseudohypoaldosteronism type I, a salt-wasting disease of infancy. To investigate surface expression, we studied ENaC subunits expressed in COS-7 and HEK293 cells. Using surface biotinylation and protease sensitivity, we found that when individual ENaC subunits are expressed alone, they traffic to the cell surface. The subunits are glycosylated with high-mannose oligosaccharides, but seem to have the carbohydrate removed before they reach the cell surface. Moreover, subunits form a complex that cannot be disrupted by several non-ionic detergents. The pattern of glycosylation and detergent solubility/insolubility persists when the N-teminal and C-terminal cytoplasmic regions of ENaC are removed. With co-expression of all three ENaC subunits, the insoluble complex is the predominant species. These results show that ENaC and its family members are unique in their trafficking, biochemical characteristics and post-translational modifications.
LP-relaxation based distributed algorithms for scheduling in wireless networks

LP relaxations of Maximum Weighted Independent Set (MWIS) problems have been widely studied. A key motivation for this prior work comes from the central role that MWIS plays in designing throughput-optimal algorithms for wireless networks. However, to the best of our knowledge, the actual packet delay performance of these algorithms has not been studied in the context of wireless networks. In this paper, we first present an algorithm for solving the LP relaxation of MWIS which exhibits faster convergence to an optimal solution. Further, we show that one does not have to wait for infinite time for convergence to occur, but a simple rounding technique can be used to identify the ON/OFF states of the wireless links in finite time. As in prior work, such an approach only identifies the optimal MWIS states of some of the links in the network. Therefore, we present a scheme to combine this solution with Q-CSMA. Simulations indicate that the proposed scheme significantly improves the performance of Q-CSMA. Further, the proposed algorithm is shown to perform much better than previously suggested LP relaxation schemes due to its superior convergence properties.
Data Handling Algorithms For Autonomous Shingled Magnetic Recording HDDs

The acceptance of shingled magnetic recording (SMR) drives in the marketplace depends in part upon their system performance with the operational constraints demanded by SMR's wide writing heads. Current thinking suggests that SMR may require significant changes to the host file system because of SMR's natural proclivity for sequential writing, and supposed difficulty with random write operations. In this work, we propose a data handling algorithm which exhibits good short-block sustained random write performance. In addition, we examine optimal algorithms for intermediate transfer lengths on the order of one physical track in length.
The topology of rational functions and divisors of surfaces

Segal studied the homotopy types of the spaces of holomorphic functions of the 2-sphere S 2 , of closed surfaces of higher genus, and of the spaces of divisors of these surfaces. We continue Segal's program by describing the entire stable homotopy types of these spaces in terms of the homotopy types of more familiar spaces
Ventilatory effects of muscimol microdialysis into the rostral medullary raphé region of conscious rats.

Abstract We hypothesized that inhibition of the rostral medullary raphe region (MRR), a putative central chemoreceptor location, with the GABA A receptor agonist muscimol would decrease ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in conscious rats, and that its known effect at this site on body temperature might alter its effect upon these ventilatory responses. At ambient temperatures of 24.5–26.5 °C (Cool), microdialysis of 1 mM muscimol into the MRR significantly decreased body temperature by approximately 0.5 °C, increased the ventilatory response to 7% CO 2 and decreased the response to 10% O 2 . At ambient temperatures of 29.5–30.5 °C (Warm), 1 mM muscimol microdialysis no longer decreased body temperature and increased the ventilatory response to hypercapnia and to hypoxia. Muscimol did not significantly affect the V ˙ E / V ˙ O 2 ratio at either temperature. Muscimol significantly increased the hypercapnic ventilatory responses in Cool and Warm conditions and the hypoxic response in Warm conditions, which indicates the presence of an inhibitory effect of rostral MRR neurons sensitive to muscimol. In the Cool condition the ventilatory response to hypoxia is inhibited but appropriately so for the lower V ˙ O 2 .
Huntington’s disease: A decade beyond gene discovery

Huntington's disease is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease that causes a progressive movement disorder, cognitive decline, and varying degrees of psychiatric dysfunction. The identification of the mutant gene in 1993 paved the way for a decade of basic research. The resultant advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disorder are moving us toward rational therapies to slow the progression and delay the onset of the illness.