cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.

Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is being performed with increasing frequency for incapacitating pulmonary hypertension caused by chronic large-vessel pulmonary embolism. However, patient-related risk factors and procedural complications associated with morbidity and mortality have not been fully defined. From Oct. 1, 1984, to April 10, 1989, we performed pulmonary thromboendarterectomy using deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest in 127 consecutive patients (62.2% male, mean age 50 ± 16 [standard deviation], range 20 to 82 years) in whom the exposure and dissection of the pulmonary arteries and methods for myocardial protection have been standardized. End points for univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors were reperfusion pulmonary edema leading to respiratory insufficiency as defined by ventilator dependency (≥5 days) (31.5%, 39/124) and hospital mortality (12.6%, 16/127). Multivariate analyses showed that ascites and need for 4 units of blood or more predicted ventilator dependency (p
Meteorological Triggers for Deep Convection in the Greenland Sea

Abstract We postulate that a favorable condition for deep convection just seaward of a pack ice edge within a marginal ice zone (MIZ) occurs when the direction of a cold, strong, off-ice wind is at an angle of less than 45 degrees from the ice edge, with the edge to the right looking downwind. In this situation, the Ekman transport of the ice formed in the outer MIZ will be toward the pack ice, keeping the outer MIZ clear of thick ice. Sustained rapid freezing and brine rejection will occur in the outer MIZ as the cold air blowing off the ice removes heat from the ice-free ocean surface. In the East Greenland Sea MIZ (EGSMIZ), a favorable situation for cold strong winds at the correct angle occurs when there is high pressure in the region between NE Greenland and the pole and unoccluded lows south of the EGSMIZ. This pattern occurs regularly in the EGSMIZ. On horizontal scales less than 20 km, MIZ wind stress and heat flux have large variability due to changes in surface roughness, wind speed and sea surface temperature. The pack ice edge orientation is also highly variable on small scales. Thus, dynamic and thermodynamic forcing of the ocean and the induced vertical motions vary at the small scales and may contribute to confining deep convection to very small (5 to 10 km diameter) chimneys.
Working with Community Groups to Inform the Design of Domestic Technologies

Human-computer interaction (HCI) traditionally studies domestic computing with methods that focus on the inner workings of the home, such as family interviews or home visits. This approach yields rich results, but may inadvertently focus discussion on productive and positive aspects of family life such as cooperation, intimacy, and the everyday joys of family life. Insights from this approach can be augmented by looking outside of the home at the family’s relationship to the local community. Community support groups are places where the problems of family life “spill over” into a more public setting. By studying how people talk about family life in community groups, a unique set of tensions and concerns are revealed. I illustrate this by performing a secondary analysis of interviews with nineteen bereaved participants who attended a local community-based support group. This analysis reveals that participants want to protect their families from outside scrutiny but at the same time are looking to the community to identify practices that could potentially help to address their family’s issues. I conclude with lessons from and challenges in using this research method, and design considerations that broaden the scope of issues we should consider in domestic computing.
STUDIES ON SOLID NH3 AND CO2 TO 11 GPa

Experiments have been done on solid NH 3 and CO 2 in a diamond anvil cell to 11 GPa at ambient temperature. In NH 3 , evidence is presented for two new phases. The first of these grows from the liquid at 1.0 GPa at ambient temperature; the second transforms from the first at 3.5 GPa at the same temperature. In CO 2 , Raman studies of the ν 1 , 2 ν 2 Fermi doublet show strong tuning of the Fermi resonance. It is concluded that ν 1 increases with pressure and ν 2 decreases.
How volunteerism inhibits mobilization: a case study of shelter animal advocates

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of how volunteerism can neutralize impulses for mobilization. An ethnographic case study of shelter animal advocates, or individuals promoting shelter reform to ensure that companion animals impounded at animal shelters receive proper medical and behavioral care and are given opportunity for adoption, illuminates a specific set of mechanisms that explain why they have not engaged in collective action such as protest. The findings speak to the complex debate about the relationship between volunteerism, political engagement, and social change by identifying five processes that undercut shelter animal advocates’ capacity to act collectively in protest of how the shelter is run: (1) periods of grievance interruption; (2) exposure to the target’s institutional narratives; (3) relational ties to the target; (4) conflict avoidance; and (5) maintenance of identity as volunteers.
Slavic Landscapes in America

This chapter includes all of the peoples from those Northern European countries in which Slavic populations dominated, but it emphasizes three Slavic groups: Czechs, Poles, and Russians. The distributions of these ancestry populations are mapped and discussed, with the greatest proportional representation shown in the Midwestern and Plains states, while the greatest aggregate population is found within several major cities. The chapter focuses upon communities of these Slavic groups in the Midwest and the Great Plains, the Russian colonial influence upon mixed race settlements within portions of southern coastal Alaska, and the Russian—largely Jewish—neighborhoods in greater New York City. In addition, Ukrainian settlements in the Great Plains and Prairie Provinces are mentioned. Because most of the Jewish population of the United States are descendents of immigrants from the former Russian Empire, the Jewish ethnic and religious landscape is introduced in this chapter.
Self-propulsion of Leidenfrost Drops between Non-Parallel Structures

In this work, we explored self-propulsion of a Leidenfrost drop between non-parallel structures. A theoretical model was first developed to determine conditions for liquid drops to start moving away from the corner of two non-parallel plates. These conditions were then simplified for the case of a Leidenfrost drop. Furthermore, ejection speeds and travel distances of Leidenfrost drops were derived using a scaling law. Subsequently, the theoretical models were validated by experiments. Finally, three new devices have been developed to manipulate Leidenfrost drops in different ways.
The WNT target SP5 negatively regulates WNT transcriptional programs in human pluripotent stem cells

The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is a prominent player in many developmental processes, including gastrulation, anterior-posterior axis specification, organ and tissue development, and homeostasis. Here, we use human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to study the dynamics of the transcriptional response to exogenous activation of the WNT pathway. We describe a mechanism involving the WNT target gene SP5 that leads to termination of the transcriptional program initiated by WNT signaling. Integration of gene expression profiles of wild-type and SP5 mutant cells with genome-wide SP5 binding events reveals that SP5 acts to diminish expression of genes previously activated by the WNT pathway. Furthermore, we show that activation of SP5 by WNT signaling is most robust in cells with developmental potential, such as stem cells. These findings indicate a mechanism by which the developmental WNT signaling pathway reins in expression of transcriptional programs.
Structural study of Na2/3[Ni1/3Ti2/3]O2 using neutron diffraction and atomistic simulations

Abstract In this work we performed Rietveld refinement on neutron diffraction datasets and atomistic simulation to investigate the average and local structure of sodium nickel titanate (Na2/3[Ni1/3Ti2/3]O2), a two-layer ternary oxide with prismatic sodium sites (P2). It was found that sodium preferentially occupies the edge-sharing sites (Nae) than the face-sharing site (Naf) and preferentially moves in-plane than through plane. Two potential sets used for the atomistic simulation, Buckingham and Morse, both suggested that it is energetically favorable to have equal amount of Na and transition metal in each of the two layers. In addition to providing nuclear density maps similar to those form neutron diffraction experiments, the Morse potential model also indicates the possibility of O2 stacking caused by the sliding of transition metal oxide layer.
Stress-induced reproductive arrest in Drosophila occurs through ETH deficiency-mediated suppression of oogenesis and ovulation

Environmental stressors induce changes in endocrine state, leading to energy re-allocation from reproduction to survival. Female Drosophila melanogaster respond to thermal and nutrient stressors by arresting egg production through elevation of the steroid hormone ecdysone. However, the mechanisms through which this reproductive arrest occurs are not well understood. Here we report that stress-induced elevation of ecdysone is accompanied by decreased levels of ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH). Depressed levels of circulating ETH lead to attenuated activity of its targets, including juvenile hormone-producing corpus allatum and, as we describe here for the first time, octopaminergic neurons of the oviduct. Elevation of steroid thereby results in arrested oogenesis, reduced octopaminergic input to the reproductive tract, and consequent suppression of ovulation. ETH mitigates heat or nutritional stress-induced attenuation of fecundity, which suggests that its deficiency is critical to reproductive adaptability. Our findings indicate that, as a dual regulator of octopamine and juvenile hormone release, ETH provides a link between stress-induced elevation of ecdysone levels and consequent reduction in fecundity.
Faith-Based Initiatives Reconsidered: The Complicated Relationship Between Religion and Social Welfare Service Provision

More than two decades after the passage of welfare reform law and Charitable Choice, what is known about faith-based initiatives? What questions remain to be addressed, and how might we benefit from a reconsideration of critical issues on this topic? In this chapter, we seek to shed light on these questions. We begin by reviewing research that is most germane to the focus of our study, namely, service provision dynamics in faith-based and secular organizations. Given the rather sizable research literature on faith-based initiatives, we do not aim to provide comprehensive coverage when reviewing previous work. Rather, we select the more limited body of studies that bears directly on our efforts to contrast faith-based and secular social service provision.
Vertebrate Fauna and Socioeconomic Status

One of the problems that can be addressed through analysis of data from an archaeological deposit is the identification of the socioeconomic status of the site’s previous occupants. Since many historic sites lack information on the identity of the previous occupants, reliance must be placed upon the excavated remains themselves for clues of socioeconomic status. Consequently archaeologists have been delineating characteristics that will serve to identify the socioeconomic status of the former occupants from archaeological data. To define status markers from faunal remains, it is necessary to recognize that the contents of trash deposits have been subjected to a variety of biasing influences. However, in historical archaeology little attention has been paid to factors that influence faunal deposits other than socioeconomic status. In a discussion of socioeconomic status and faunal assemblages, variables that affect the deposition and survival of bones, as well as those that influence the human choices that produced those deposits, should be considered. These variables may be roughly divided into those that affect the survival of bones, those that affect the recovery and interpretation of faunal deposits, and those that affect choice of foodstuffs. When data available from plantations on the Atlantic coastal plain are studied with these variables in mind, it can be seen that more work needs to be done before the influence of socioeconomic status can be determined from vertebrate faunal remains.
Hypothalamische Steuerung der hypophysären TSH-(Thyreotropin)-Sekretion

Es wird gegenwartig allgemein angenommen, das das zentrale Nervensystem eine wichtige Rolle in der Regulation endokriner Punktionen spielt. Als Mittler dieser Kontrolle werden die Tropine der Adenohypophyse betrachtet. Verschiedene Aspekte der neuralen Kontrolle endokriner Funktionen sind bereits von den Vorrednern an diesem Symposium behandelt worden. Ich werde mich daher auf eine Diskussion der neuralen Kontrolle der TSH-Sekretion beschranken. Das Hauptgewicht meiner Ausfuhrungen wird auf den Untersuchungen liegen, die wir in unserem eigenen Laboratorium durchgefuhrt haben.
Cognitive/Personality Subtypes of Depression: Theories in Search of Disorders

As a complement to clinical and quantitative approaches to subdividing the depressive disorders, some recent researchers have taken a theory-based approach and hypothesized the existence of three cognitive/personality subtypes: Hopelessness Depression (HD), Dependent/Sociotropic Depression (D/S Dep), and Self-Critical/Autonomous Depression (S-C/A Dep). We describe and compare these hypothesized subtypes. In so doing, we present new findings from our ongoing Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression (CVD) project. Conceptual analysis and preliminary empirical results from our CVD project suggest that HD overlaps, in part, with D/S Dep and S-C/A Dep. However, the relationship does not appear to be as simple as vulnerability to HD in the interpersonal domain mapping directly on to D/S Dep nor vulnerability to HD in the achievement domain mapping directly on to S-C/A Dep. We identify and discuss three critical issues that need to be addressed to conduct a more powerful search for HD, D/S Dep, and S-C/A Dep: (1) the problem of specifying congruency between vulnerability and stress; (2) surprising vulnerability-stress interactions; and (3) going beyond common language definitions of symptoms. Finally, we conclude by pointing out that research on the cognitive/personality subtypes has a cumulative character and hasn't succumbed to the “General MacArthur Syndrome.”
Evaluation of floc properties for dewatering fine particle suspensions

Floc properties such as density, size, size distribution, porosity, and shear strength govern the effectiveness of flocculation as a process for solid-liquid separation. The floc characteristics desired for removal of suspended solids by sedimentation or filtration, for example, are known to be different. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effects of various physical and chemical factors on the density and shear strength of the flocs.
Contemporary Management of Migraine, Part 1

Investigators continue research to identify the etiology of migraine, a condition affecting millions. An essential step in the management of migraine patients is the elimination of as many precipitating factors as possible. Although many agents are effective in aborting migraine attacks, research continues with other drugs. Part 2 of this series will discuss the prophylactic therapies for migraine.
Atypical herpes simplex virus type 2 acute retinal necrosis presentation with large subretinal lesion.

Abstract Purpose To report the unique clinical findings of a case of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 herpetic retinitis manifesting as a large elevated subretinal lesion. Observations A 26-year-old Hispanic male with no significant past medical history presented with a one-week history of right eye pain and endorsement of worsening vision. Ophthalmic examination of the right eye identified a markedly elevated white subretinal lesion with associated findings of vitritis and hypotony. Ultrasound biomicroscopy demonstrated a diffusely thickened choroid and confirmed the observed subretinal mass. Examination of the fellow left eye was largely unremarkable with the exception of lesions suggestive of inactive chorioretinal scars. Diagnostic vitrectomy and vitreous PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was positive only for HSV-2 (herpes simplex virus type 2) and verified by two independent laboratories. The observed subretinal lesion of right eye improved on intravenous acyclovir and intravitreal foscarnet treatment. Conclusions and Importance Presented here is an unusual, novel clinical presentation of HSV-2 acute retinal necrosis manifesting as an elevated subretinal lesion along with findings of panuveitis. This case suggests that consideration should be given to the diagnosis of HSV ARN (acute retinal necrosis) when a subretinal elevation is concomitantly appreciated in the setting of vitritis and chorioretinal lesions.
Tolerance and stability studies on durum wheat under drought and heat stress conditions

This study was conducted to determine the stability of grain yield and test weight, and the susceptibility index (S) of durum wheat under stress conditions. The genotypes were grown in replicated trials at Ceylanpinar State Farm in Southeast Anatolia under supplementery irrigation between 1992 and 1994, and in lowland and upland conditions in the Mediterranean region of Adana under rainfed conditions between 1992 and 1995. Stability parameters were estimated from the regression analysis as linear regression coefficient (bi) and coefficient of determination (r2), and from Kang’s yield stability index (Ysi). Stress tolerances were estimated using stress susceptibility index (S). Genotypes evaluated in this study exhibited a wide range of stress tolerance and adaptation to stressful environments. Considerable variation in the S values of certain genotypes occurred between stress environments in this research. Stress susceptibility index (S) ranged from 0.835 to 1.243, and from 0.588 to 1.513 for grain yield and test weight, respectively. Test weight index showed greater variation than grain yield index. Differential variation among genotypes for S probably depends on heat stress and drought stress which occurred during grain filling periods. Regression coefficients ranged from 0.674 to 1.306 and from 0.574 to 1.424 for grain yield and test weight, respectively. Kang’s yield stability statistic index ranged from -4 to +27 and from -6 to +28 for grain yield and test weight, respectively. Stable lines, stress-tolerant and susceptible lines were identified for use in the evaluation of stress tolerance screening techniques and of stability parameters. Based on these findings, selected lines have been chosen as valuable initial material in durum wheat breeding for stress environments.
Differential formation of nitrogen-centered radicals leading to unprecedented, regioselective bromination of N,N′-(1,2-phenylene)bisamides and 2-amidophenols

A highly efficient, site-selective, visible light-accelerated, remote C–H halogenation of unsymmetrical aromatic bisamides/amidoesters has been developed. Unprecedented selectivity was realized in this C–H functionalization reaction. The N,N′-(1,2-phenylene)bisamides/amidoesters, derived from various halogenated acids and aliphatic/aromatic acids, were selectively mono-brominated para to the more electron-deficient group. This unique, site-selective bromination of aromatic amine derivatives proceeded under mild and metal-free conditions, without the use of any oxidant or base. The present procedure benefits from short reaction times, avoids excessive bromination, and is air and moisture tolerant. Furthermore, the synthetic utility of the products has been demonstrated by preparing useful substrates and intermediates, including 2-perfluoroalkyl benzimidazole, para-bromoaniline derivatives and substituted biphenyls. A mechanistic investigation using experimental and theoretical means was undertaken to attempt to explain the observed phenomena. Based on DFT calculations, the mechanism involves the differential formation of nitrogen-centered (amidyl) radicals which leads to the observed regioselectivity. Additionally, when the radical stabilizing abilities of both amides are similar, the regioselectivity breaks down, leading to a mixture of products (2x–2z).
Talking to the Master: Intersections of Religion, Culture, and Counseling in Taiwan and Ghana

Mental health counseling is gaining worldwide popularity. It is, therefore, important to critically examine the appropriateness of direct importation of Western psychological interventions into nonWestern countries. This article reviews the state of counseling in Taiwan and Ghana. It highlights the heterogeneous nature of counseling services in the face of cultural similarities. In addition, it demonstrates the importance of considering the interplay of culture and religion in assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment.
Cell Survival Following in Vitro Irradiation at Depth in a Lucite Phantom as a Measure of Epithermal Beam RBE

The radiation field produced in tissue during BNCT consists of a mixture of components with differing linear energy transfer (LET) characteristics. In addition to the high-LET products of the 10B(n,α)7Li reaction, the interaction of the neutron beam with the nuclei of elements in tissue will deliver an unavoidable, non-specific background dose, from a mixture of high- and low-LET radiation components, to both tumor and normal tissue. Thermal neutron capture by hydrogen releases a gamma ray through the 1H(n,γ)2H reaction. The capture of thermal neutrons by nitrogen in tissue, the 14N(n,p)14C reaction, releases a high-LET proton with an energy of 590 keV. Contaminating fast neutrons (those with kinetic energies >10keV) in the epithermal neutron beam produce high-LET recoil protons through collisions with hydrogen nuclei (1H(n,n′)p reaction) in tissue. Because the energies of the nitrogen capture proton and the fast neutron recoil proton tend to be in the same range, the biological effects of these high-LET components of the dose are most conveniently measured as a combined “proton dose”. This high-LET “proton dose” must be multiplied by an experimentally determined factor for relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in order to express the total BNCT dose in photon-equivalent units.
Postpartum haemorrhage in women with mild factor XI deficiency.

Introduction With the advent of direct-to-consumer genetic testing, mild factor XI deficiency is increasingly recognized. There are limited data regarding the risk of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) among women with mild FXI deficiency following obstetrical delivery. Aim To assess the risk of PPH among women with mild FXI deficiency undergoing vaginal or caesarean delivery. Methods We conducted a retrospective, case-control study, in women with FXI levels between 20% and 70% of normal. For a control population, delivery outcomes were analysed in 200 women (between 2016 and 2018) without known bleeding disorders. Results There was no PPH among 45 vaginal deliveries in women with mild FXI deficiency compared with one PPH among 125 vaginal deliveries in the control cohort. The rate of PPH was significantly higher among the 26 caesarean deliveries in women with mild FXI deficiency relative to 75 control caesarean deliveries (odds ratio 2.73, 95% CI 1.02-7.26, P = .04). Prior history of haemorrhage was a strong predictor of PPH following caesarean delivery. All women who developed PPH following caesarean delivery had either a history of haemorrhage or independent risk factor for PPH. Conclusion Due to the low rates of postpartum haemorrhage following vaginal delivery, routine prophylaxis to prevent postpartum haemorrhage in the setting of mild FXI deficiency does not appear warranted, especially in the absence of a bleeding history. Mild FXI deficiency is associated with an increased risk of PPH following caesarean delivery.
The Gray Matters App Targeting Health Behaviors Associated with Alzheimer's Risk: Improvements in Intrinsic Motivation and Impact on Diet Quality and Physical Activity.

We examine if the Gray Matters intervention (education and behavioral self-monitoring app targeting lifestyle risks for Alzheimer’s disease [AD]) affected participants’ motivation for change and whether high motivation predicts improved diet and physical activity over 6 months. In this 6-month randomized controlled trial (treatment n=104; control n=42; assessed pre/post intervention) amotivation, external regulation, identified regulation, and intrinsic motivation were assessed via the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS). Diet quality was assessed via adherence to the DASH diet, and physical activity was assessed in minutes. Eligibility criteria included not having significant cognitive impairment. Participants were aged 39–64 (M = 54.17, SD = 6.9), 66% female, 81% married, 90% White, and 80% had a college degree. Treatment included an activity tracker, Gray Matters app, access to booster sessions, contact with a student health coach, and study website. Participants were in the general community. Independent samples t-tests determined that intrinsic motivation (IM) increased significantly for the treatment group (M = 2.09 SD = 4.82), compared to the control group (M = 1.00 SD = 5.52; t (130) = -3.04, p =.003). Comparing subgroups of people with High vs Low IM we found that High IM males increased vigorous physical activity more than Lower IM males (F(1,42)=5.053, p=.030). Comparing persons aged 58–64 years with High vs Lower IM, High IM persons had less improvement in diet quality F(1,48)=4.538; p=0.038). RCT results support that the Gray Matters AD-focused intervention increased IM, and IM was associated with improved physical activity and diet quality for some subgroups.
A Modern Appraisal of Nebulizer Technologies During Mechanical Ventilation

Background: Aerosol technology during modern mechanical ventilation is constantly evolving. This in vitro study compared 3 nebulizer designs: a new breath-enhanced jet nebulizer (BEJN), i-VENT (InspiRx, Somerset NJ); vibrating mesh (VMN), Solo (Aerogen, Galway Ireland); and jet nebulizer (JN), Hudson MicroMist (Teleflex Medical, Morrisville NC) during mechanical ventilation. Aerosol delivery (Inhaled Mass, IM) was measured using multiple ventilator settings (TI = 0.45 to 1.01). Device reproducibility, humidification effects and fill volume were assessed. Measurements included mass balance across the ventilator circuit and particle size distribution. Methods: Using radiolabeled saline and gamma scintigraphy, bench studies were performed using 2 ventilators, 4 breathing patterns. Four examples of each nebulizer type were randomly rotated during testing to assess reproducibility. 3- and 6-mL fill volumes were tested wet and dry [with and without heated wire humidification (Hudson Neptune Heated Humidifier, Teleflex Medical)]. Measurements of IM, nebulizer residual and exhaled mass, plus circuit losses were made to account for the total mass balance. Aerosol particle size distribution (APSD) at the distal ETT tip was made with a Marple cascade impactor. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney. Results: Mean ± SD IM (% of nebulizer charge) averaged 17.5 ± 4.99%, 17.2 ± 7.81%, and 6.43 ± 6.43%, for BEJN, VMN and JN respectively (Figure). IM for VMN varied widely due to random failures to complete nebulization. For all ventilator settings, IM for JN was significantly affected by combined effects of fill volume and humidification compared to the BEJN (P = .002) and VMN (P = .02). BEJN and VMN were not different (P = .74). Mass balance indicated that large particles were lost in ventilator tubing for all devices and, for VMN, also in the humidifier (17%), resulting in similar APSD measurements (MMAD = 1.05, 1.05, 1.2µm for BEJN, VMN, and JN). Humidity effects were significant only for JN using 3 mL volume fill (P = .002). Conclusions: Aerosol delivery during BEJN nebulization was less sensitive to fill volume, humidification and ventilator settings than VMN or JN. VMN delivery was not predictable over the range of individual devices and settings. All devices delivered similar particle size distributions to the distal ETT. Breath-enhanced nebulizer technology can ensure better control of drug delivery during mechanical ventilation.
An Excellent Library Science Management Textbook: A Review of Management Basics for Information Professionals by G. Edwards Evans and Stacey Greenwell

Management Basics for Information Professionals, 4th edition, by G. Edwards Evans and Stacy Greenwell is intended as a textbook for the introductory library management course with the secondary obj...
Deciding Whether to Accept or Decline Collections: Legal, Ethical, and Practical Considerations at the Arizona State Museum:

The Arizona State Museum (ASM), at the University of Arizona, is required to accept collections recovered from state, county, and municipal lands in Arizona. In deciding whether to accept other col...
Supercapacitor Peukert Constant During a Constant Power Discharge Process

This paper examines the supercapacitor Peukert constant during a constant power discharge process. Recent studies show that the energy delivered by a supercapacitor during a constant power discharge process increases when the discharge power decreases if the discharge power is above a certain threshold, i.e., Peukert's law applies. This paper investigates the dependence of the supercapacitor Peukert constant on the initial voltage, cutoff voltage, and voltage difference of the constant power discharge process by testing two supercapacitor samples. The physical mechanisms leading to the Peukert constant dependence are revealed by analyzing a physics-based RC ladder circuit model for supercapacitors.
Replacement of Pork Fat in Chicken-based Bologna Sausage with Oleogels of High-Oleic or Conventional Soybean Oil and Rice Bran Wax

In this study, pork fat in bologna sausage made with mechanically separated chicken (MSC) as primary lean raw material was successfully replaced with high-oleic (HOSO) and conventional (CSO) soybean oil oleogels structured with rice bran wax (RBW). Textural parameters, sensory attributes (except color), and lipid oxidation over 98 d of storage were unaffected by lipid source, while color was darker and redder in pork fat-containing samples. Raw batter stability was not different, except it was lower when liquid soybean oil was the lipid source. Samples containing oleogels made with HOSO had a more favorable lipid profile. These results complement previous studies by us and others and highlight the potential of oleogelation technology to modify the lipid profile of finely-comminuted meat products without negatively affecting product quality attributes.
Predictors of screening for cervical and colorectal cancer in women 50-65 years old in a multi-ethnic population.

Abstract Middle Eastern/North Africa (MENA) women are often not identified in cancer screening studies. The aim of this study was to determine the rates and predictors of cervical and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for women 50–65 years of three race/ethnicities. White, black and MENA women of Southeast Michigan were surveyed once in 2019 for demographics, health care barriers, chronic diseases, and cancer screening updates using in-person, telephone, and online methods. Descriptive statistics and multivariate multinomial logistic regression were used to predict up-to-date colorectal cancer and cervical cancer screening. All analyses were adjusted by local population weights for comparability and generalizability. 394 women participated with 54% up-to-date on both screenings, 21% for cervical cancer screening alone, and 12% for CRC alone. Women more likely to be up-to-date for only cervical cancer screening compared to both cancer screens are younger (aOR 0.83 (95% CI 0.76, 0.92), are of MENA descent (7.97 (2.46, 25.76) and have no insurance (9.41 (1.07, 82.92). There are no predictors for women being up-to-date for CRC screening alone compared to both screens. Among women 50–65 years old, being up-to-date in cervical cancer screening is unrelated to being up-to-date for CRC screening. Compared to Healthy People 2020, there are significant gaps in cervical and CRC screening among women 50–65 years old of all races, but particularly among women of MENA descent who are even less likely to have CRC screening than cervical cancer screening.
Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma: Epidemiology and Genetic Susceptibility

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children, yet little is known about its etiology. Studies that examine either environmental exposures or germline genetic predisposition in RMS have begun to identify factors that contribute to this malignancy. Here, we summarize epidemiological reports of RMS incidence in terms of several factors, including age at diagnosis, biological sex, and geographic location. We then describe findings from association studies, which explore the role of parental exposures, birth and perinatal characteristics, and childhood exposures in RMS. Further, we discuss RMS predisposition syndromes and large-scale sequencing studies that have further identified RMS-associated genes. Finally, we propose future directions of study, which aim to advance our understanding of the origin of RMS and can provide knowledge for novel RMS therapies.
Postpartum Treatment and Hormone Use in the Dairy Cow

Reproductive problems in the recently postpartum cow are almost always associated with difficult calving and retained placenta. This paper will describe how this practitioner handles such problems and their sequelae.
Psychological Adaptive Mechanism Maturity Predicts Good Outcomes in Treatment for Refractory PTSD

Background: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) severity follows a bell-shaped curve ranging from mild to severe. Those in the severe range often receive the most intensive treatments, including targeted residential rehabilitation stays. These are expensive and welcome ways to improve their effectiveness. We hypothesized that positive change among subjects treated in a 45-day residential rehabilitation format would be associated with the maturity levels of measurable Psychological Adaptive Mechanisms (PAMs), alternately ego defense mechanisms. Methods: In this association study, adult male patients (N = 115) with a history of combat related PTSD treated in a residential rehabilitation setting completed the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) on admission, as well as the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Military Version (PCL-M) and the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (M-PTSD) on admission and again at discharge. This allowed prospectively calculated change scores on each of the PTSD measures for each patient. The change scores allowed association testing with averaged admission DSQ scores using Pearson's correlation probability with significance held at p < 0.05. Results: As hypothesized, averaged individual Mature scores on the DSQ were associated with improved change scores on both the PCL-M (p = 0.03) and the M-PTSD (p = 0.04). By contrast neither averaged DSQ Neurotic or Immature scores associated significantly with either PTSD scale change scores. Conclusion: These results, the first of their kind to our knowledge, suggest that patients presenting with predominantly Mature level PAMs are likely to benefit from residential rehabilitation treatment of PTSD. By contrast, those presenting with Neurotic or Immature PAMs predominantly are less likely to encounter positive change in this type of treatment. Although residential treatment is often reserved for the most refractory PTSD cases, it appears that those endorsing Mature level PAMs will make use of residential treatment whereas other forms of treatment may be better suited to those with Neurotic and Immature adjustment mechanisms.
A robust and stable gene selection algorithm based on graph theory and machine learning.

Background Nowadays we are observing an explosion of gene expression data with phenotypes. It enables us to accurately identify genes responsible for certain medical condition as well as classify them for drug target. Like any other phenotype data in medical domain, gene expression data with phenotypes also suffer from being a very underdetermined system. In a very large set of features but a very small sample size domain (e.g. DNA microarray, RNA-seq data, GWAS data, etc.), it is often reported that several contrasting feature subsets may yield near equally optimal results. This phenomenon is known as instability. Considering these facts, we have developed a robust and stable supervised gene selection algorithm to select a set of robust and stable genes having a better prediction ability from the gene expression datasets with phenotypes. Stability and robustness is ensured by class and instance level perturbations, respectively. Results We have performed rigorous experimental evaluations using 10 real gene expression microarray datasets with phenotypes. They reveal that our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms with respect to stability and classification accuracy. We have also performed biological enrichment analysis based on gene ontology-biological processes (GO-BP) terms, disease ontology (DO) terms, and biological pathways. Conclusions It is indisputable from the results of the performance evaluations that our proposed method is indeed an effective and efficient supervised gene selection algorithm.
Trapping Region and Currents due to Trapped Particles

Although early descriptions of charged particle motion in the geomagnetic field were applied mainly to cosmic ray trajectories, geomagnetic storms, and auroral phenomena (Stormer, 1907, 1933, 1955; Chapman and Ferraro, 1931, 1932; Alfven, 1939, 1940, 1950; Singer, 1956, 1957a, b), the concept of charged particle trapping, the overall trapping region geometry in relation to a dipole magnetic field, and trapped particle motion within such a field were well understood quantitatively (see Chapter 2) before the discovery of the earth’s trapped radiation (Van Allen et al.,1958). Verification of the interpretation that the newly observed charged particles above the atmosphere were trapped geomagnetically came from a number of experiments, all of which demonstrated the direct control exerted by the earth’s magnetic field on the observed particle intensities. An early example of this is shown in Figure 3.1 (from Yoshida et al., 1960) where the ordering of the data by the earth’s magnetic field is clearly demonstrated.
The duration of chemically demonstrable blood in the feces following ingestion of whole blood.

Summary 1.Studies were conducted on 38 normal male subjects to determine how rapidly the stool guaiac test reverts to negative after simulated upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Subjects ingested their own blood according to one of the following protocols: 120, 330, or 600 cc. at one time, or in amounts of 50 cc. per day over a 10 day period. 2.Ingestion of 120 cc. was followed by a return of the stool guaiac test to negative in less than 5 days in nine of ten subjects. The mean time interval was 3 days, 7 hours. 3.Of ten subjects ingesting 330 and ten 600 cc., the stool guaiac test returned to negative in less than 7 days in 18 of 20 instances. The respective mean time intervals were 5 days, 10 hours and 4 days, 16 hours. 4.Of eight subjects ingesting 50 cc. of blood per day for 10 days, all exhibited a negative guaiac test within 8 days following the last ration of blood ingested. The mean duration was 5 days, 7 hours. 5.The evidence indicates that a patient may suffer upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage of clinically significant degree and describe recently noted abnormal color of the feces, but the guaiac test may become negative over a 3 to 6 day period. This must be taken into consideration when evaluating a history suggestive of melena.
Energy Utilization of a Low Carbohydrate Diet Fed Genetically Obese Rats and Mice

Genetically obese Zucker rats, ob/ob mice and non-obese littermates were fed low carbohydrate (2%, 48%, and 50% of energy as carbohydrate, protein, and fat, respectively) and control (60%, 19%, and 21%, as carobhydrate, protein, and fat) diets. The oxidation of the energy components of these diets was measured by adding D-[U-14C]glucose, L-[U-14C]glutamic acid, and glyceryl tri-[1-14C]oleate to test meals given intragastrically and collecting respiratory CO2 for 4 hours. The animals responded to the low carbohydrate diet by oxidizing less glucose and more glutamic acid, but these amounts were proportional to dietary carbohydrate and protein composition, In contrast, the animals oxidized both higher amounts and percentages of glyceryl trioleate when fed the low carbohydrate diet. Obese Zucker rats oxidized less fat than non-obese rats when fed both diets, while obese mice oxidized fat to the same extent as non-obese mice. Feeding the low carbohydrate diet significantly increased body weight in the obese mice, but not in obese rats and non-obese mice and rats. The effect of obesity and the low carbohydrate diet on food intake, serum glucose and lipid values and CO2 production are also reported.
Deriving a novel codon index by combining period-3 and fractal features of DNA sequences

Summary form only given. When a gene finding algorithm incorporates multiple useful and non-redundant sources of information about coding regions, it becomes more successful. It is thus highly desirable to find new and efficient codon indices. Here we propose a novel codon index, which we call the period-3 fractal deviation (PFD). This is obtained by simultaneously considering two incompatible features of DNA sequences, the period-3 feature in coding regions and the fractal feature in both coding and non-coding regions. These two features are incompatible because period-3 defines a specific scale of three nucleotide bases while fractal means there are not any specific scales. The PFD is very different for coding and non-coding sequences, and is reading-frame-dependent. The accuracy of the PFD is evaluated by studying all of the 16 yeast chromosomes. It is found that the percentage accuracy is very high and quite independent of the sliding window size. It is also found that this percentage accuracy is much higher than when period-3 and fractal features are characterized alone, especially when the window size is small. This highly suggests that the method is not only useful for the study of long genome sequences, but may also be very powerful for the study of short DNA segments. The PFD is complementary to other codon indices, including Fourier measures of period-3. This makes it possible to integrate PFD with other measures. Indeed, integration of the PFD measure with those indices using the Fisher linear discriminant analysis significantly improves the accuracy of protein coding sequence identification; This implies the measure proposed here may be readily incorporated into existing gene finding algorithms. Other salient features of the method is that it is non-parametric, does not require training, and can be fully automated.
Jolesz, Ferenc A.: The Development of Interventional MRI

Personal experiences of my career in leading and contributing to the development of MRI sequences and image-guided therapy, such as the development and application of intraoperative MRI and focused ultrasound surgery guided by MRI are described. These advances are described (from the 1980s until today, in 2010) to show how MRI techniques are progressing as is image-guided therapy as a whole area of worldwide research development and burgeoning clinical practice. Keywords: MRI; pulse sequence; white-matter contrast; SSFP; CPMG; NMR; ultrasound; ablation; cancer; brain tumor; neurosurgery; MRgFUS
A social and historical perspective of the San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus.

ABSTRACT This study sought to understand the various roles music played for gay men who were members of the San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus, the world's first gay men's chorus. Specifically, it answers the following questions: What is the demographic profile of the chorus members? How has the chorus shaped or reflected social issues; how has the chorus shaped or reflected political issues; how has the music evolved over time?; How was the chorus impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic? Historical information for this study was gathered through eight interviews of original and long-time choral members as well as the current artistic director. Interviews were conducted in San Francisco at the San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus office, and additional data were derived from programs of previous choral concerts, two questionnaires (Internalized Homophobia Scale and Gay Chorus Questionnaire), and observations of choral rehearsals and concerts. As a follow-up to a previous study documenting the formation of the chorus in 1...
Learning deficits, but normal development and tumor predisposition, in mice lacking exon 23a of Nf1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a commonly inherited autosomal dominant disorder. Previous studies indicated that mice homozygous for a null mutation in Nf1 exhibit mid-gestation lethality, whereas heterozygous mice have an increased predisposition to tumors and learning impairments. Here we show that mice lacking the alternatively spliced exon 23a, which modifies the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain of Nf1, are viable and physically normal, and do not have an increased tumor predisposition, but show specific learning impairments. Our findings have implications for the development of a treatment for the learning disabilities associated with NF1 and indicate that the GAP domain of NF1 modulates learning and memory.
How Many Immigrant-Friendly Communities are in the United States? Results of a Local Government Policy Scan

While federal immigration reform has been at a standstill in recent years, state and local governments have taken leadership in addressing problems related to immigration. Some have endorsed welcoming immigrants to stabilize high poverty urban neighborhoods and as a solution to regional economic development. How big is this trend and for what kind of cities? This project attempts to address these questions. In order to answer this question, we have prepared a local government policy scan of all municipalities in the United States with a population of over 500 persons to identify policies designed to recruit or specifically serve immigrants. We also seek to categorize the array of immigrant-friendly policies that were found in our policy search. We report our results in this brief.
Single-gate logic solutions for space-constrained designs

Until recently, most standard logic ICs were still only available as multiple functions in a single package. Now, by using small outline 5-pin packages such as SOT23 or SC70, standard logic ICs can be purchased as single function, small package devices. Several semiconductor manufacturers now produce these single function, small package devices making the latest IC speeds, drives, and supply voltage levels available for even the most space-constrained applications. This paper discusses the importance, advantages, and uses provided by single-gate logic. Examples of why, where, and how to implement single-gate logic are also provided.
An Analysis by Gender of Long-Term Postschool Outcomes for Youth with and without Disabilities

This study analyzed gender differences in postschool outcomes for youth with learning disabilities, mild mental retardation, and no disabilities. Data were collected on two cohorts of graduates (549 youth who were graduated in 1985; 398 youth, in 1990) from three school districts. Data were collected at 1, 2, 6, and 7 years postgraduation. Comparisons were made between genders within disability groups on employment, postsecondary education attendance and graduation, engagement, independent living, marital status, and parenting. In contrast to the findings of other studies, few significant differences were noted between genders, except for the parenting category. A similar analysis between youth by disability category resulted in considerably more significant differences.