cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing craft skills with quasi-cases The example of the Big Apple’s flirtation with congestion pricing

This article adopts the perspective expounded by Weimer, and Vining and Weimer, that policy analysis requires “craft skills” and, therefore, one of the fundamental objectives of public affairs programs is to prepare graduates for the professional working world by providing opportunities to learn and practice these skills. Second, the article then introduces a method of experiential learning advanced by Weaver which he calls “quasi-cases.” The two concepts are then linked through an exposition of a quasi-case—New York City’s flirtation with “congestion pricing.” The goal of the article is to show that by linking these two ideas, one can enhance experiential learning in the classroom (and outside the classroom) and thereby provide students with the opportunity to practice craft skills in semester length courses in addition to the usual approach of relying on internships and capstone projects to provide public affairs students with opportunities to learn what it means to be professional. The quasi-case of Ne...
Roles of the recJ and recN Genes in Homologous Recombination and DNA Repair Pathways of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The paradigm of homologous recombination comes from Escherichia coli, where the genes involved have been segregated into pathways. In the human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae (the gonococcus), the pathways of homologous recombination are being delineated. To investigate the roles of the gonococcal recN and recJ genes in the recombination-based processes of the gonococcus, these genes were inactivated in the N. gonorrhoeae strain FA1090. We report that both recN and recJ loss-of-function mutants show decreased DNA repair ability. In addition, the recJ mutant was decreased in pilus-dependent colony morphology variation frequency but not DNA transformation efficiency, while the recN mutant was decreased in DNA transformation efficiency but not pilus-dependent variation frequency. We were able to complement all of these deficiencies by supplying an ectopic functional copy of either recJ or recN at an irrelevant locus. These results describe the role of recJ and recN in the recombination-dependent processes of the gonococcus and further define the pathways of homologous recombination in this organism.
GM1 ganglioside treatment of PC12 cells stimulates ganglioside, glycolipid, and lipid, but not glycoprotein synthesis independently from the effects of nerve growth factor.

: The incorporation of radioactive precursors into gangliosides and other glycolipids, glycoproteins, and total lipids has been studied in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Starting with the same PC12 cell pool, cultures displaying different degrees of neuritic expression in response to nerve growth factor (NGF) and combinations of serum ganglioside GM1 were produced. Attempts were then made to correlate neuritic regulation with biochemical performances of these cells. NGF stimulates the incorporation of [3H]galactose into gangliosides and other glycolipids and glycoproteins and [14C]acetate into total lipids, regardless of the serum concentration. NGF both increased their initial labeling rates and promoted additional and more extensive labeling from culture day 4 onward. Unexpectedly, exogenous GM1 also elicited an increase in ganglioside labeling as well as that of the other lipid classes, but not of glycoproteins. The GM1-induced increase was evident at higher serum concentrations (1%) regardless of the presence or absence of NGF, but not apparent in low (0.15%) serum. Serum levels themselves did not affect labeling patterns in the absence of NGF and GM1. GM1-induced stimulation of labeling reflects an increase in the synthetic activities of the cells, and not increased precursor uptake or reduced product degradation. For all constituents stimulated by GM1, concurrent treatment with NGF produces cumulative effects, suggesting independent mechanisms of action by the two molecules.
A Phaeocystis globosa bloom associated with upwelling in the subtropical South Atlantic Bight

We observed an unusual, subtropical bloom of Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel during a strong upwelling event and confirmed its identity using morphological, physiological and genetic traits. This low-latitude bloom of P. globosa colonies occurred on the South Atlantic Bight continental shelf during the summer of 2003. Maximum chlorophyll a concentration measured during this subsurface bloom was 11.37 μg L at 31 m depth. Divers reported abundant flocculent material below the steep thermocline, and this material was identified as Phaeocystis sp. using microscopy. Using morphological and physiological traits as well as the sequence of the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (GenBank Accession # EF100712), this phytoplankton was identified as P globosa. Interactions of physical and biological conditions may restrict low-latitude P globosa blooms to strong upwelling events.
Blocked exchanges revisited.

This paper reconsiders the topic of blocked exchanges. It has been argued by some philosophers and social theorists that in order to encourage people to make donations of, e.g., blood, the sale of such items should be banned by law or public policy. In this paper I argue that (a) donations made without the option of selling are morally diminished and (2) selling such items isn't morally wrong or even insignificant in all cases since prudence (which is a moral virtue, pace Kant) may require that one sell them.
“People from that Part of the World”: The Politics of Dislocation

“Rethinking American Culture” was a forum featuring the work of George Lipsitz in a dialogue between American Studies and anthropology about the ways in which “new forms of commercial patterns and practices, new movements of people and products, and new communications technologies are producing new ways of studying culture.” This dialogue addresses the struggles over the social warrants of U.S. culture in the 21st century and how historians and anthropologists might best describe and analyze such warrants and reconstitute these fields, both of which are under pressure in a present “moment of danger” made all the more visible by the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Effect of mutual coupling on the performance of adaptive arrays

The effect of mutual coupling between array elements on the performance of adaptive arrays is examined. The study includes both steady state and transient performance. An expression for the steady state output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of adaptive arrays, taking into account the mutual coupling between the array elements, is derived. The expression is used to assess the steady state performance of adaptive arrays. The transient response is studied by computing the eigenvalues associated with the signal covariance matrix. The steering vector required to maximize the output SINR of Applebaum-type adaptive arrays in the presence of mutual coupling is also given.
A technique for determining Urbach edge, midgap states and electric field in a-Si:H and a-(Si,Ge):H devices

A technique for measuring the Urbach energy of valence band tail states and midgap defect densities in a-Si:H and a-(Si,Ge):H devices is described. The Urbach energy is determined by measuring the quantum efficiency (QE) of delocalized holes in the devices, whereas the midgap state density (DOS) is estimated by measuring the QE of localized holes. The distinction between delocalized and localized holes is obtained from the behavior of the QE upon the application of reverse bias to the device. The QE of holes localized in midgap states increases significantly upon the application of reverse bias because of Frenkel-Poole tunneling, whereas the QE of holes in tail states does not show such an increase. It is shown that upon light soaking the Urbach edge does not change, but the midgap DOS does increase significantly. >
DIGITIZED MAP OF BIOTIC COMMUNITIES FOR PLOTTING AND COMPARING DISTRIBUTIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN ANIMALS

Abstract An ecologically based classification system, when accompanied by digitized maps of biotic communities, has been shown to be useful for plotting and assessing affinities of plants and animals in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Because these maps show ecological relationships of plants and animals with their environment, maps of biotic communities can be especially informative when delineating and describing affinities of habitats. We have expanded the classification system and prepared a digitized, ecologically based, color map of the biotic communities of North America to assess distributions of organisms on a continental as well as regional scale. As such, this map also can be used as a sample frame to design and stratify surveys of animals.
Sub-part-per-trillion detection and analysis of submicrometer particles in integrated circuit processing chemicals

We have developed a new technique for the analysis of particulate contaminants in liquids (or gases) with an elemental detectability limit as low as 0.1 parts per trillion, and a particle concentration detectability limit as low as 1 particle/ml for particles greater than 0.2 μm in diameter. Samples are prepared using extraction replication and analyzed using analytical transmission electron microscopy. The methodology has been applied to the analysis of H2O2 and HF, important chemicals in integrated circuit fabrication. The new methodology should become an important tool in the identification of submicron-sized particles which adversely affect integrated circuit fabrication.
Initial public offerings in the hospitality industry—: Underpricing and overperformance

Abstract Underwriters may view the primary issue of most hotel and casino stocks as more risky than stocks of new companies generally. Still, newly issued stocks of hospitality companies have generally outperformed the market in their first year.
Functional significance of gastrin gene expression in human cancer cells

The gastrointestinal peptide, gastrin, stimulates the growth of human pancreatic cancer. A receptor for gastrin activity, the cholecystokinin-C (CCK-C) receptor, has been identified in binding assays, cloned and sequenced, and is a splice variant of the CCK-B receptor. The relationship of gastrin and the CCK-C receptor to the growth of cancer cells was examined in vitro and in vivo. Stable transfection of the sense cDNA of gastrin into human MDA Amp-7 ampullary cancer cells, which normally lack gastrin gene expression but possess CCK-C receptors, increased cell growth up to 10-fold over wild type (WT) and vector-transfected (VT) cells. MDA Amp-7 tumors of gastrin-transfected cells reduced latency time for a visible tumor by 35%, decreased the timetable of tumor incidence, and increased tumor size by at least 2-fold in comparison to WT and VT groups. Transfection of human BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells, which normally express gastrin and possess CCK-C receptors, with the antisense cDNA to human gastrin decreased cell number by 30% in culture and tumor size by 53% compared to the WT and VT groups. Transfection of sense gastrin cDNA to monkey COS-1 cells, which normally lack both the gastrin and the CCK-C receptor genes, had no effect on growth. These studies demonstrate that gastrin and the CCK-C receptor form an autocrine loop in human pancreatic cancer that plays a role in regulating growth.
BIFURCATION ANALYSIS OF MULTIVARIABLE FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS

Abstract The closed-loop dynamic behavior of nonlinear, multivanable systems is often unpredictable due to complex internal structures unaccounted for by linear control theory. Bifurcation analysis is used to explore the characteristics of such systems governed by linear feedback control. Two new theorems are presented concerning the local stability of a broad class of nonlinear, multivanable systems utilizing Proportional and Proportional-Integral control. A dynamic simulation of a binary distillation column reveals a number of interesting phenomena including limit cycle behavior in asymptotically stable areas of the controller gain space and steady-state multiplicity if a controller gain has the wrong sign.
Rape-Prone Versus Rape-Free Campus Cultures

Using the concepts of rape-free and rape-prone societies, I suggest that the next step for rape research is to investigate rape-free campus environments. Based on the articles in this volume and ethnographic research, I summarize what is known about rape-prone campus cultures and compare this information with rape-free fraternity cultures. The question of variation is also examined by comparing the rape incidence and prevalence rates averaged by campus using the data of Koss's national study of 32 campuses. The question of the criteria by which campuses might be labeled rape-free or rape-prone is raised.
Audiology and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: do you hear what I hear?

Background The APC protein has an important role in maintaining function of microtubules in the ear which playa significant part in the mechanism of hearing. Preliminary data suggests that the APC protein is associated with an increased incidence of abnormal hearing which may affect intellectual function. We sought to assess the hearing among patients with FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis). Methods Patients with FAP were recruited for an IRB (Institutional Review Board) approved study assessing hearing and intelligence. Hearing was tested by pure tone air conduction audiometry, less than or equal to 30 db at 3/4 of the following frequencies (500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz). Subjects were then administered the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT-2). We then analyzed the proportion of individuals with an abnormal audiometry as compared to age and gender adjusted normalized hearing standards. Results 44 patients were recruited from 42 families. Subjects included 22 men with a mean age of 42 years. When compared to normalized hearing standards, 19 (43.2%) of the 44 patients failed to meet the standard normal range. Audiologic abnormalities showed unilateral hearing impairment was documented in 6 patients, bilateral impairment in 13. Of these patients 63% were impaired at a single frequency; the other 37% were at multiple frequencies. 59% of patients showed right hearing impairment with the highest deficit (35%) at 2000 Hz. 71% of patients had left sided impairment with the greatest number (32%) at 4000 Hz. Conclusion A large subset of our sample of FAP patients (43.2%) had abnormal audiologic results when compared to the normalized standard. Differences in IQ scores for patients with and without audiologic abnormalities are not statistically significant, suggesting that these results do not reflect an association between hearing and intellectual functioning in our sample.
Adaptive Repetitive Control Design With Online Secondary Path Modeling and Application to Bit-Patterned Media Recording

This paper presents an adaptive repetitive controller for active tracking (rejecting) of unknown periodic trajectories (disturbances). The proposed control law is based on a modified filtered- ${x}$ least mean squares (MFX-LMS) algorithm with a novel variable step size that improves the convergence rate and fades the steady state excess error in a stochastic environment. A novel secondary path modeling scheme is also proposed to adaptively compensate for the dynamic mismatches between the internal model of the MFX-LMS and the real dynamic system in an online fashion. We further discuss the application of this adaptive controller in servo mechanisms for hard disk drives (HDDs) that use bit patterned media recording in which full spectrum tracking of a periodic trajectory is crucial. Finally, comprehensive numerical simulations and experimental implementations are presented for an HDD servo system that is subjected to periodic disturbances known as repeatable run-out.
Nonequilibriun River Form

In the absence of man-induced changes and climatic changes and in the engineering time scale, the form of many rivers is primarily a result of the flood history of the river. Evidence of the effects of floods on river channel width is found in the scientific literature. The extreme event flood is the erosional agent that widens the river channel; in some cases the entire river valley has been gutted by the extreme event flood. Succeeding floods of lesser magnitude result in channel deposits that narrow the river channel. The problem is to recognize river systems that are changing form or are susceptible to change in form. If the ratio of each individual flood-peak discharge to the average annual peak-flood discharge is small, the river form can be in equilibrium or “in regime.” If the ratio of some individual peak discharges to the average annual peak discharge is large, the river channel can exhibit nonequilibrium river form, i.e., the form will change with time.
Entangled collective-spin states of atomic ensembles under nonuniform atom-light interaction

We consider the optical generation and characterization of entanglement in atomic ensembles under nonuniform interaction between the ensemble and an optical mode. We show that for a wide range of parameters a system of nonuniformly coupled atomic spins can be described as an ensemble of uniformly coupled spins with a reduced effective atom-light coupling and a reduced effective atom number, with a reduction factor of order unity given by the ensemble-mode geometry. This description is valid even for complex entangled states with arbitrary phase-space distribution functions as long as the average total spin remains large, and the detection does not resolve single spins. Furthermore, we derive an analytic formula for determining the observable entanglement in the case, of relevance in practice, where the ensemble-mode coupling differs between state generation and measurement.
El trastorno de angustia y la enfermedad de Freud

OBJECTIVE The author examined Freud's chest pains and arrhythmia beginning in late 1893 according to the new available data and modern psychiatry. METHOD Published studies and recent findings were reviewed. The major works of Freud were also considered. Among the issues examined are clinical features, comorbidity, boundaries with others disorders. RESULTS The findings of this review provided support for the dual diagnosis of panic disorder without agoraphobia and nicotine dependence. CONCLUSIONS Freud's scientific learning was wide-ranging and his scientific ambition vast. During this period (1893-1897) Freud laid the foundations for the theory of anxiety. He referred to the conditions caused by the dammed-up libido as the actual neuroses. Although the work of Freud has the same aim as the modern DSM-IV, the classification of the Austrian author reflects a different tradition. A discrepancy exists between "anxiety neurosis" (Freud) and "anxiety disorder" (DSM-IV).
The rat makes the decisions around here

![Figure][1] Decision making can be infuriating, debilitating and often disappointing in retrospect. And yet, animals of all stripes are constantly faced with critical decisions that determine whether they survive or perish. Many of these decisions are reflexive or instinctive: for example
Does Global Justice Require More than Just Global Institutions

The ‘institutional approach’ to justice holds that persons’ responsibility of justice is primarily to support, maintain, and comply with the rules of just institutions. Within the rules of just institutions, so long as their actions do not undermine these background institutions, individuals have no further responsibilities of justice. But what does the institutional approach say in the non-ideal context where just institutions are absent, such as in the global case? One reading of the institutional approach, in this case, is that our duties are primarily to create just institutions, and that when we are doing our part in this respect, we may legitimately pursue other personal or associational ends. This ‘strong’ reading of our institutional duty takes it to be both a necessary and sufficient duty of justice of individuals that they do their part to establish just arrangements. But how plausible is this? On the one hand this requirement seems overly inflexible; on the other it seems overly lax. I clarify the motivation and context of this reading of the institutional duty, and suggest that it need not be as implausible as it seems.
Babao Jindan combined with acupuncture in treatment of type IIIA prostatitis

Objectives: To observe the therapeutic effects of self-made formula,Babao Jindan,combined with acupuncture in the treatment of type ⅢA prostatitis.Methods: One hundred and fifty cases of type ⅢA prostatitis patients were divided into three groups,50 patients each group.One group was administered with Babao Jindan three times a day,three capsules each time;one group was treated with acupuncture for 30 minutes a day;and the third group was treated with Babao Jindan combined with acupuncture.The treatment all lasted for 6 weeks.Results: After six weeks' treatment,there was an overall efficiency rate of 74% for the Babao Jindan group,72% efficiency rate for the acupuncture group and 92% efficiency rate for the combined treatment group.Conclusion: Babao Jindan combined with acupuncture is an effective methods in the treatment of type ⅢA prostatitis.
Retrospective Epidemiological Analysis of a Measles Epidemic Outbreak

A measles epidemic outbreak in Yaotan township Linshui county of Sichuan Province during May 2005.It covered 3 administrative villages and attacked 3 schools.Reporting 64 cases with an attack rate of 7.98‰.The youngest age of cases was 9 months old and the oldest was 15 years old.In addition 62 of 64(96.88%) reported cases were school children,and the attack rate in students was 47.73‰.The age range of patients was mainly in age groups between 15-10 years old(70.31%),and between 9-5 years old(26.56%).In all outbreak cases,15.63% were immunized,25% not immunized and 59.38% without vaccination records.The main reasons for the outbreak were that the effective vaccination rate was low and management of immune work at basic level was not good.Causes for this current epidemic;the crowded school houses and poor ventilation advanced the communication of epidemic;at the same time,the case report was not in time so that the adoption of emergent measures was postponed and made the disease spread.
The Emerging Importance of Risk in Export Marketing: A Case for Integration of Export Programs1

By comparing how entities, programs, and approaches are perceived by exporters, as well as exporters’ experiences with each, the author challenges dominant streams of thought about what is necessary for comprehensive and effective national export policy. Instead of restructuring the trade bureaucracy, the author argues that the first, essential step is to deal with exporters’ attitudes about the business environment affecting exporting activities. These attitudes, shaped by export experience and in turn conditioning future export behavior, converge around the issue of risk. The author supports this premise by a review of recent export literature, and an integration of empirical studies.
Tetralogy of fallot: choice of surgical procedure.

Deferment of total correction for tetralogy of Fallot until the age of 4 or 5 years, with the preference for a palliative shunt prior to that age, recently has been challenged by several authors. The reason is a reported operative mortality rate of 4 to 8 percent for total correction in infants compared to an accumulative operative mortality rate of 10 to 25 percent for the staged method. To determine the most effective management, we compiled data from 33 patients undergoing a palliative shunt and 218 consecutive patients undergoing total correction at Stanford University Hospital from June, 1960, through August, 1975. These data were computer processed for analysis of the effect of multiple factors upon the initial clinical result: moderate-to-severe hypoplasia of the pulmonary annulus, the type of pulmonary outflow tract patch, the need for pressor drugs postoperatively, and the presence of a previous palliative shunt. We have reached the following conclusions: (1) The operative mortality rate for total correction of tetralogy of Fallot after the age of 4 years (2.35 percent) is less than that in infancy (5 percent). (2) If surgical therapy is required in the first 24 months of life, total correction is preferred over palliative shunting with later total correction (operative mortality rate 5 percent versus 5.66 percent). (3) The Blalock-Taussig procedure, rather than the Waterston or Potts shunt, is preferred as the palliative shunt at any age because of the lower initial operative mortality rate (zero versus 28.57 percent) and the much lower accumulative operative mortality rate (5.66 percent versus 41.90 percent). (4) Severe hypoplasia of the right and left pulmonary arteries seems to be the main indication for initial palliative shunting in the first 24 months. (5) The accumulative operative mortality rate of 5.66 percent (3/53) for the Blalock-Taussig anastomosis with later total correction is significantly lower than the commonly reported rate of 10 to 25 percent.
Public Value and Private Organizations

The first chapter of the book introduces our key question: how can private actors be incentivized to share their data in a way that promotes the public value of the information disclosed? We are interested in whether and how these different organizations can be encouraged by governments and other interested actors to share the information that they hold. The means by which this might be accomplished—particularly how these private actors might be encouraged to collaborate among themselves and with governments—is a major focus of the book. The chapter explores the concept of public value in the context of data disclosure by private organizations, using empirical evidence from the I-Choose project. We argue that while disclosing product information can enhance the public sphere, information disclosure alone is not enough to guarantee this. Disclosure must be supported by innovative governance mechanisms. The chapter explains why disclosing private product data is considered valuable by some policymakers and advocates and considers the barriers to disclosing product information.
Talking Back: Endocannabinoid Retrograde Signaling Adjusts Synaptic Efficacy

Synaptic transmission is the dominant form of cell-cell communication within the nervous system. The presynaptic terminal of one cell resides in close apposition to the postsynaptic elements of a second cell with a separation of only -20-50 nm. The synaptic connection is especially physically stable, being cemented by proteins that span the gap between the cells. One has only to examine electron micrographs of brain synapses to appreciate the web of electron dense material connecting the two sides of the synapse (see Spacek and Harris, 1998; Tarrant and Routtenberg, 1997 for example). Much of this material is likely made up of extracellular portions of proteins. Indeed, preand postsynaptic elements in the mature brain are so tightly bound together that they are stable even following fractionation procedures that separate subcellular compartments (e.g. during the preparation of synaptosomes). The stability of synapses and the small separation between cells at these specializations creates a permissive environment for transcellular molecular communication. The most widely known form of communication at synapses involves vesicular release of small neurotransmitter molecules from the presynaptic element that act on postsynaptic receptors to alter neuronal activity (Cooper, Bloom and Roth, 2003; Nicholls et al., 2001) synaptic communication in this "anterograde" direction can take the form of fast communication, wherein the neurotransmitter activates a ligand-gated
The Influence of Peripheral Substituent Modification on PV, MnIII, and MnV(O) Corrolazines: X-ray Crystallography, Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Properties, and HAT and OAT Reactivities

The influence of remote peripheral substitution on the physicochemical properties and reactivity of phosphorus and manganese corrolazine (Cz) complexes was examined. The substitution of p-MeO for p-t-Bu groups on the eight phenyl substituents of the β-carbon atoms of the Cz ring led to changes in UV–vis transitions and redox potentials for each of the complexes. The oxygen atom transfer (OAT) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactivity of the MnV(O) complexes was also influenced by p-MeO substitution. The OAT reactivity of MnV(O)(MeOP8Cz) (MeOP8Cz = octakis(p-methoxyphenyl)corrolazinato3−) with triarylphosphine (PAr3) substrates led to second-order rate constants from 10.2(5) to 3.1(2) × 104 M–1 s–1. These rates of OAT are slower than those seen for MnV(O)(TBP8Cz) (TBP8Cz = octakis(p-tert-butylphenyl)corrolazinato3−). A Hammett study involving para-substituted PAr3 substrates reveals a Hammett ρ-value for MnV(O)(MeOP8Cz) that is more negative than that observed for MnV(O)(TBP8Cz), consistent with a less e...
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of Pd/Graphite: Microstructure and Reactivity

Abstract STM study of Pd/graphite catalyst shows a distribution of crystallite shapes indicating metastable morphologies. The crystallites also exhibits high surface microroughness. Hydrogenation of 1,3- butadiene on this catalyst gives a TOF of 0.38 at 300°K. The catalyst exhibits high reactivity even at room temperature for moderate H2/C4H6 ratios.
Secure Privacy-Preserving DDDAS/Infosymbiotics Systems

Discusses the secure privacy perserving Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) infosymbiotics systems.
Amiodarone: A potential risk factor for retinal phototoxicity.

Abstract Purpose To report the only known case, to our knowledge, of amiodarone induced retinal phototoxicity following vitrectomy surgery. Observations A 66-year-old male presented with visual acuity of 20/150 OS secondary to an epiretinal membrane (ERM). Patient was on oral amiodarone for atrial fibrillation. Baseline spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) revealed an ERM with retinal thickening and schisis. The patient underwent an uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peel using standard vitrectomy settings and illumination. Triamcinolone was used to stain the ERM intraoperatively. ICG was not used. On post-operative day one, vision was count finger (CF) at 1′. At post-operative week one, vision was unchanged and SD-OCT showed macular edema. At post-operative month one, vision remained CF at 1′ and macular edema resolved with residual pigmentary changes and subretinal fibrosis resembling phototoxic damage. SD-OCT at one month showed resolution of macular edema, retinal pigment epithelium hyperplasia and an indistinct ellipsoid layer. Fluorescein angiography did not show any neovascularization. At three month follow-up, patient's vision, exam and OCT findings remained unchanged. Conclusions and importance Many pharmacologic agents have the ability to alter a patient's sensitivity to solar or artificial radiation. Drugs act as photosensitizers that lead to photochemical damage. Amiodarone has been reported to have such photosensitizing properties in humans. This report describes a case of retinal phototoxicity from intraoperative light exposure photosensitized by systemic amiodarone use.
Phage-based biomolecular filter for the capture of bacterial pathogens in liquid streams

This paper investigates a phage-based biomolecular filter that enables the evaluation of large volumes of liquids for the presence of small quantities of bacterial pathogens. The filter is a planar arrangement of phage-coated, strip-shaped magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors (4 mm × 0.8 mm × 0.03 mm), magnetically coupled to a filter frame structure, through which a liquid of interest flows. This "phage filter" is designed to capture specific bacterial pathogens and allow non-specific debris to pass, eliminating the common clogging issue in conventional bead filters. ANSYS Maxwell was used to simulate the magnetic field pattern required to hold ME biosensors densely and to optimize the frame design. Based on the simulation results, a phage filter structure was constructed, and a proof-in-concept experiment was conducted where a Salmonella solution of known concentration were passed through the filter, and the number of captured Salmonella was quantified by plate counting.
The Seeds of Dispute: Vernon Hugh Bowman v. Monsanto Company et al.

In May 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court decided in Vernon Hugh Bowman v. Monsanto Company et al. in favor of Monsanto Company, affirming the judgment of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and holding that patent exhaustion does not permit a farmer to reproduce patented seeds through planting and harvesting without the patent holder's permission. This case note gives a brief overview of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision, in which the meaning and limits of the doctrine of patent exhaustion have been examined, and discusses its implications for farmers and seed companies.
Radiation Risks from p-Boronophenylalanine-Mediated BNCT for Glioblastoma Multiforme

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary treatment modality that requires selective delivery of a 10B-labeled compound to a tumor and slow neutron irradiation of the tumor-bearing tissues. The capture of thermalized neutrons by 10B releases high linear-energy-transfer (LET) alpha (α) and 7Li particles via the 10B(n,α)7Li reaction. These particles can kill or render non-clonogenic 10B-rich tumor cells while sparing boron-poor tissues. A phase I/II clinical trial of p-boronophenylalanine (≥95% 10B enriched)-mediated BNCT for GBM is being conducted using the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor’s clinical epithermal neutron irradiation facility.
Abstract P114: Longitudinal Use of Echocardiography After Heart Failure Diagnosis in the Community

Background: Echocardiography is an important component of the assessment of patients with heart failure (HF). However, its longitudinal use after initial HF diagnosis has not been evaluated. Methods: We studied patterns of echocardiogram use after HF diagnosis among a random sample of validated incident HF cases in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1987 to 2006. Results: Among 1472 HF patients (mean age 76.0 years, 45% male), 4817 echocardiograms were obtained over a mean follow-up of 5.1 years. The majority were transthoracic (n=3952, 82%), with fewer transesophageal (n=604, 13%) and stress (n=250, 5%) studies obtained. Most patients died during follow-up (n=1126, 76%), and thus had their entire lifetime after HF diagnosis captured. The number of echocardiograms per person ranged from 0-38 (Figure) with a median (25 th , 75 th percentile) of 2 (1, 4). The mean rate of echocardiograms obtained per 10 years of follow-up was 6.4, and increased over time with mean echocardiograms per 10 years follow-up of 4.9, 5.9, 7.2, and 7.8 for persons diagnosed from 1987-1991, 1992-96, 1997-2001, and 2002-06, respectively (p for trend Conclusions: Most patients have multiple echocardiograms performed after HF diagnosis, and echocardiography use in patients with HF has increased over time. Men and younger patients have higher rates of use after HF diagnosis.
Anion Binding in Solution: Beyond the Electrostatic Regime

Summary A fundamental understanding of anion binding by receptors is essential for managing salts during energy, water, and food production. However, the limited understanding of solvent effects in ion recognition leads to a persistent blind spot that prevents effective receptor design. We experimentally discovered an underlying 1/ ɛ r dependence of anion affinity on solvent dielectric constant ( ɛ r ). We found this relationship by measuring how chloride binds to macrocyclic triazolophane receptors across a wide range of solvents: ɛ r = 4.7–56.2. Solvent weakens affinity by screening electrostatics; electrostatics dominates when ɛ r ɛ r – affinity in solvents used in liquid-liquid extractions in the nuclear fuel cycle. This model offers a general foundation for anion recognition and electrostatically driven complexation.
Prediction of Packed Cell Volume after Whole Blood Transfusion in Small Ruminants and South American Camelids: 80 Cases (2006-2016).

Background Calculation of desired whole blood transfusion volume relies on an estimate of an animal's circulating blood volume, generally accepted to be 0.08 L/kg or 8% of the animal's body weight in kilograms. Objective To use packed cell volume before and after whole blood transfusion to evaluate the accuracy of a commonly used equation to predict packed cell volume after transfusion in small ruminants and South American camelids; to determine the nature and frequency of adverse transfusion reactions in small ruminants and camelids after whole blood transfusion. Animals Fifty-eight small ruminants and 22 alpacas that received whole blood transfusions for anemia. Methods Retrospective case series; medical record review for small ruminants and camelids that received whole blood transfusions during hospitalization. Results Mean volume of distribution of blood as a fraction of body weight in sheep (0.075 L/kg, 7.5% BW) and goats (0.076 L/kg, 7.6% BW) differed significantly (P < 0.01) from alpacas (0.103 L/kg, 10.3% BW). Mild transfusion reactions were noted in 16% of transfusions. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance The generally accepted value of 8% for circulating blood volume (volume of distribution of blood) is adequate for calculation of transfusion volumes; however, use of the species-specific circulating blood volume can improve calculation of transfusion volume to predict and achieve desired packed cell volume. The incidence of transfusion reactions in small ruminants and camelids is low.
Hydrogen Atom with Spin in External Fields

Having established the properties of irreducible tensor operators, I am now in a position to use perturbation theory to study how the energy levels of the hydrogen atom are modified in external magnetic and electric fields. Before doing so, however, I will use perturbation theory to obtain the relativistic corrections to the energy levels of hydrogen in the absence of any external fields. This will lead naturally to a discussion of the fine-structure and hyperfine structure of hydrogen.
Improved Modeling of Canted–Cosine–Theta Magnets

The Canted–Cosine–Theta is a design option for the next generation of high field superconducting dipoles being pursued within the US Magnet Development Program. This paper presents new modeling techniques developed for design and analysis of CCT magnets. For mechanical modeling in ANSYS, three approaches with increasing accuracy are compared: 2-D symmetry models; 3-D periodic symmetry models; and full 3-D models. Methods for the static and transient magnetic simulation using ANSYS are presented with a focus on circuit-coupled models for predicting magnet behavior following quench. Where applicable, simulation results are compared to data from CCT magnet tests at Berkeley.
Sound edge of the quenching jets

When quenching jets deposit certain amounts of energy and momentum into ambient matter, part of it propagates in the form of shocks/sounds. The ``sound surface'', separating disturbed and undisturbed parts of the fireball, makes what we call the sound edge of jets. In this work we semianalytically study its shape, in various geometries. We further argue that since hadrons with in the kinematical range of ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}\ensuremath{\sim}2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$ originate mostly from the ``rim'' of the fireball, near the maximum of the radial flow at the freeze-out surface, only the intersection of the ``sound surface'' with this ``rim'' would be observable. The resulting ``jet edge'' has a form of extra matter at the elliptic curve, in $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\phi},\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\eta}$ coordinates, with radius $|\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\phi}|\ensuremath{\sim}|\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\eta}|\ensuremath{\sim}1$. In the case of large energy/momentum deposition $\ensuremath{\sim}100\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$ we argue that the event should be considered as two subevents, with the interior of the ``sound surface'' having modified radial and directed flow. We further argue that in the kinematical range of ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}\ensuremath{\sim}3\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$ the effect of that can be large enough to be seen on an event-by-event basis. If so, this effect has the potential to become a valuable tool to address the geometry of jet production and quenching.
Advances in understanding structure-function relationships in hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope (ENV) proteins.

HBV belongs to the group of hepadnaviridae, each member of which has a narrow host-specificity. HBV is infectious for humans and chimpanzees. Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is not infectious for humans. However, transfection of human hepatoma cells with DHBV DNA results in replication of DHBV in these cells (Pugh et al., 1988). Thus, the narrow host range of hepadnaviruses must be determined by the specificity of virus-host cell interactions during early steps of infection. These steps are likely to correspond to virus adsorption, penetration, and uncoating, processes in which viral envelope proteins are involved. In order to fully understand the molecular basis of the virus life cycle and to design on a rational basis preventive and curative measures against hepatitis B, it is necessary to understand structure-function relationships in HBV env proteins.
Total eclipses and the heart

The year was 1834, and William Whewell was impressed: Mary Somerville9s grasp of celestial mechanics placed her on the forefront of science. But what to call an interdisciplinary "man of science" who was a woman? The word Whewell ultimately coined was "scientist." Figuring is a love letter to these scientists of the past, women whose lives have all too often been eclipsed.
Ready or Not Here I Come: A Qualitative Investigation of Students’ Readiness Perceptions for Study Abroad/Away

Participation in education abroad is frequently considered to be a high-impact educational practice that will contribute to global learning outcomes and psychosocial development. Yet inequities in ...
Sensing others: Empty buildings and sensory worlds in Detroit:

In recent years, tens of thousands of empty buildings have been demolished in Detroit. Alongside visual appearances like collapsed roofs and broken windows, unoccupied structures gather noxious sme...
The Membrane-Bound 95 KDA Subunit of the Yeast Vacuolar Proton-Pumping ATPase is Required for Enzyme Assembly and Activity

Yeast vacuoles, like mammalian lysosomes, are maintained at an acidic pH by a vacuolar-type proton-pumping ATPase (V-ATPase). A genetic screen using the pH sensitive fluorescence of 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate was developed to identity yeast defective in vacuolar acidification (Preston et al., 1992). Yeast bearing the vphl-1 (Vacuolar pH1-1) mutation have neutral vacuoles in vivo (Preston et al., 1989) and have no detectable bafilomycin-sensitive ATPase activity or ATP dependent proton-pumping associated with purified vacuoles. The peripherally bound nucleotide-binding subunits (Vmaip and Vma2p) are present in wild type levels in yeast whole cell extract yet are not associated with the vacuolar membrane. The VPH1 gene was cloned by screening a λgt11 expression library with antibodies directed against a 95 kDa vacuolar integral membrane protein and independently cloned by complementation of the vphl-1 mutation. Disruption of the gene revealed that the VPH1 gene product is required for V-ATPase assembly and vacuolar acidification but is not essential for cell viability or for targeting and maturation of vacuolar proteases. Through cell fractionation and immunobloting, the Vphlp antigen was shown to co-purify with alkaline phosphatase activity, a specific marker for vacuolar membranes. Furthermore, the Vphlp antigen was enriched and co-purified with vacuolar ATPase activity. H+-ATPase activity. The inability of alkaline Na2CO3
Evaluation of Radiolabeled Peptides for HER2 PET Imaging of Breast Cancer

72 Objectives: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and ranks second among causes for cancer related death in women. Significantly, therapy targeting receptors overexpressed in breast cancer has led to successful treatment options for many women. In particular, treatments targeting the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) such as Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and T-DM1 have improved patient outcomes. As patient response relies heavily on the expression of HER2, the development of imaging strategies for HER2 and other receptors to aid in patient selection for targeted therapies is an urgent need. One potential solution is the use of peptides as radiolabeled imaging agents. Methods: HER2 binding peptides were designed with the conjugation of a DOTA chelator to bind 68Ga for PET imaging. A modified peptide reported by Huawei et al. from Journal of Fluorescence, (DOTA-Bn-SCN)-PEG2-GSGKCCYSL, was radiolabeled with 68Ga at 95 °C for 12 min at a pH of 4.5.1 The combination of labeled peptide and phosporamidon or PA (an enzyme inhibitor to prevent degradation described by Nock et al. in Journal of Nuclear Medicine) was added to three cell-lines: HER2-negative MDA-MB-231, HER2 positive SKBR3, and HER2 positive BT474 to confirm specificity and uptake of the designed peptide. Cells were plated on 24-well plates (8 per cell line) and incubated at 37 °C for 15 min in the presence of 300nM of peptide and 200nM of PA in 1mL of media per well. Cells were washed with ice-cold PBS and removed with 0.5M NaOH. Cells were collected and counted on a HIDEX Automatic Gamma Counter and the %uptake/mg of radioactivity/peptide per protein was determined. Results: Peptide radiolabeling resulted in greater than 98% radiochemical yields, with a specific activity of 49Ci/g, showing an efficient radiolabeling that is favorable for cell-studies and future investigations. Cell-studies showed that HER2 positive SKBR3 cells had significantly more %uptake/mg of the radiotracer (0.020±0.006s.e.) similar to HER2 positive BT474 cells (0.026±.008s.e.) compared to the non-HER2 expressing MDA-MB-231 (0.010±.004s.e.). All samples had n=16 and analysis was done using a one-way ANOVA with a Tukey’s post-hoc test. Conclusions: These preliminary studies show promising results for the development of Targeted peptides for HER2 imaging. Other peptide sequences are under investigation. With these preliminary results, tumor xenograft mice models will be planned to look at the in vivo stability, binding affinity, and biodistribution. Overall, we aim to optimize our peptide conjugates to fine tune pharmacokinetics and PET imaging attributes.Acknowledgements: I would like to thank the Lapi Lab and the Cyclotron Crew for their constant support and help. I would also like to thank UAB Radiology for funding and opportunity to do my research.