cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Composite B-cell and T-cell lymphoma arising 24 years after nodular lymphocyte predominant hodgkin's disease

Twenty-four years after apparently successful treatment for nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease (nLPHD), a 41-year old male developed "B" symptoms and extensive adenopathy. A right axillary lymph node biopsy showed two distinct regions including (1) histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma and (2) diffuse small T-cell lymphoma. A clonal rearrangement of the gene for the T-cell receptor beta chain confirmed the presence of a T-cell neoplasm, and this was further confirmed by selective polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on this morphologic zone. PCR on the morphologic B-cell lymphoma confirmed the presence of an immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. These two regions were separated by a less-defined zone containing a mixture of small CD57 positive T lymphocytes, small B lymphocytes, and rare lymphocytic and histiocytic (L&H) cells, highly suggestive of recurrent LPHD. The development of composite B-cell and T-cell lymphoma in this patient raises the speculation that nLPHD may be a neoplasm of lymphoid cells, which can differentiate in both B- and T-cell directions, with the "L&H" cells constituting their B-cell progeny.
Maternal employment in a family context: Effects on infant-mother and infant-father attachments.

The relation between resumption of full-time employment by mothers of infants under 6 months of age, and subsequent infant-mother and infant-father attachments, was examined in this study. Attachment classifications and ratings of reunion behavior with mother and with father in Ainsworth's Strange Situation at 12 months were obtained for 57 nonemployed-mother families and 40 employed-mother families. No relation emerged between maternal work status and the quality of infants' attachments to their mothers, indicating that early resumption of employment may not impede the development of secure infant-mother attachment. A significantly higher proportion of insecure attachments to fathers in employed-mother families was found for sons but not for daughters. Joint examination of the infants' attachments to both parents revealed a trend suggesting that in employed-mother families, boys were more likely to be insecurely attached to both parents than were girls in employed-mother families or infants of either sex in nonemployed-mother families. These patterns are discussed in light of differences in maternal and paternal sex-typing behavior and of evidence suggesting boys' vulnerability to psychosocial stress.
The maintenance of good wall conditions and high performance operation on DIII-D over extended periods without boronization

High performance plasmas and daily reference shots (DRSs) with both L-mode and H-mode phases were used to demonstrate the maintenance of good wall conditions over ~7000 s of plasma operation in DIII-D with no intervening boronizations or high temperature bakes during each of the 2006 and 2007 campaigns. High performance discharges with high normalized beta and confinement factor and good density control over the duration of the high-power beam injection period were very repeatable over the course of these campaigns. High performance operation was also demonstrated after a six week entry vent followed by the standard high temperature bake at 350 °C and plasma conditioning, but prior to a boronization. Over the 2006 and 2007 campaigns, the DRS database indicated little to no secular increase in impurity content. Oxygen content and nickel line emission were higher after the entry vent, but were still minor contributors to plasma contamination compared with carbon. Because DIII-D has a plasma facing surface that is >95% graphite, we take this as a demonstration that erosion of boronization films used for wall conditioning will not be a limitation to establishing long-pulse high performance discharges in the new generation of superconducting tokamaks if graphite is used as the primary plasma facing material.
Feasibility of Quantifying the Mechanical Properties of Lung Parenchyma in a Small Animal Model Using 1H Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE)

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of spatially resolving the shear modulus of lung parenchyma using conventional 1H magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) imaging techniques in a small animal model. Materials and Methods A 10-cm diameter transmit-receive radiofrequency coil was modified to include a specimen stage, an MRE pneumatic drum driver, and needle system. MRE was performed on 10 female Sprague–Dawley rats using a 1H spin-echo based MRE imaging sequence with a field of view of 7 cm and slice thickness of 5 mm. Air-filled lungs were imaged at transpulmonary inflation pressures of 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O while fluid-filled lungs were imaged after infusion of 4 mL of normal saline. Results The average shear modulus of air-filled lungs was 0.840 ± 0.0524 kPa, 1.07 ± 0.114 kPa and 1.30 ± 0.118 kPa at 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O, respectively. Analysis of variance indicated that these population means were statistically significantly different from one another (F-value = 26.279, P = 0.00004). The shear modulus of the fluid-filled lungs was 1.65 ± 0.360 kPa. Conclusion It is feasible to perform lung MRE in small animals using conventional MR imaging technologies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:838–845. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Holter system development for recording plantar pressures: design and instrumentation

A Holter type, microprocessor based, portable, in-shoe, plantar pressure data acquisition system has been developed. The system allows continuous recording of plantar pressures during normal daily activity from up to fourteen discrete sensor locations. The system was evaluated during multiple trials with adult male subjects. Results indicated that system performance was sufficiently acceptable for further clinical applications and long term study of daily living activities. >
Inhibition of Rhizobium etli Polysaccharide Mutants by Phaseolus vulgaris Root Compounds

Crude bean root extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris were tested for inhibition of the growth of several polysaccharide mutants of Rhizobium etli biovar phaseoli CE3. Mutants deficient only in exopolysaccharide and some mutants deficient only in the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide were no more sensitive than the wild-type strain to the extracts, whereas mutants defective in both lipopolysaccharide and exopolysaccharide were much more sensitive. The inhibitory activity was found at much higher levels in roots and nodules than in stems or leaves. Inoculation with either wild-type or polysaccharide-deficient R. etli did not appear to affect the level of activity. Sequential extractions of the crude root material with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water partitioned inhibitory activity into each solvent except methanol. The major inhibitors in the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts were purified by C 18 high-performance liquid chromatography. These compounds all migrated very similarly in both liquid and thin-layer chromatography but were distinguished by their mass spectra. Absorbance spectra and fluorescence properties suggested that they were coumestans, one of which had the mass spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonances of coumestrol. These results are discussed with regard to the hypothesis that one role of rhizobial polysaccharides is to protect against plant toxins encountered during nodule development. Images
Design Patterns for Internet-Scale Services

There are dramatic differences between delivering software as services in the cloud for millions to use, versus distributing software as bits for millions to run on their PCs.First, "the data center is the computer". Services are developed to run on distributed data centers for high scalability, high availability and low latency. The data centers have a scale-out shared-nothing architecture (made up of thousands of independent, unreliable servers) and are distributed in geography. In addition, there is also a move to many small, cheap, independent and flaky data centers for cost and energy effectiveness. Therefore, the service needs to be programmed to have its data set to be partitioned and spread around independent servers, and to be replicated across independent servers and data centers.Second, "the application is always offline". Despite increasingly ubiquitous wireless connectivity, clients will be occasionally disconnected. In addition, due to increasingly ubiquitous service compositions and data integrations (e.g., SOA, mashup and widget), remote services or data will be occasionally unavailable to the applications (either in the cloud or on the clients). Consequently, the application needs to be programmed to work with an assumption that it is always offline, by making progress based on its local states as much as possible, and by interacting with remote partners asynchronously to reconcile their states.Therefore, Internet-scale services need new design patterns and programming models for the partitioned data set with many copies that are changed independently. This is a huge software challenge. Big websites spend 70% of their efforts on undifferentiated heavy lifting (e.g., partitioning, replication and scaling) versus 30% on differentiated value (feature) creation. This talk will review the challenges for Internet-scale services and some of the emerging solutions to address those challenges, based on our experience in building Internet-scale service platforms as well as the industry best practices.
Market impacts of E. Coli vaccination in U.S. Feedlot cattle

Immunization through vaccination has been a commercially available pre-harvest intervention to reduce E. coli shedding in cattle for about five years. Despite demonstrated substantial improvement in human health that vaccine adoption offers, it has not been widely adopted. This highlights the need for understanding the economic situation underlying limited adoption. Using an equilibrium displacement model, this study identifies the economic impact to U.S. feedlots implementing this vaccination across a series of alternative scenarios. Producers face $1 billion to $1.8 billion in welfare losses over 10 years if they adopt this technology without any associated increases in demand for fed cattle. Retail beef demand increases of 1.7% to 3.0% or export demand increases of 18.1% to 32.6% would each individually make producers economically neutral to adoption. Retail or packer cost decreases of 1.2% to 3.9% would likewise be sufficient to make producers neutral to adoption.
A Neuro-Mechanical Model Comparing Traditional and Pseudoelastic Splinting of Spastic Joints

Neuromuscular rehabilitation of patients with upper motor neuron syndromes (traumatic brain injury - TBI, stroke, cerebral palsy…) is based on multidisciplinary approaches aiming at preventing or contrasting the detrimental sequelae of paresis, contracture and spasticity. Due to the large individual variability of patients’ conditions and impairments it is generally difficult to have a quantitative grasp of the appropriate line of action to prescribe bracing in the most effective manner. This is an even more complex task when testing new therapeutic principles and using non-standardized devices. To this end, it is important to evaluate both instantaneous interaction (orthosis compliance to patient’s movement, localized pressure on the skin, reflex responses, etc.) and mid-long term evolution of the ill-posture (resting angle, reflex adaptation, range of motion, etc.). Accordingly, the current paper presents a model devised to investigate the interaction between the human body and two main types of othotic devices: traditional and pseudoelastic Ni-Ti based orthoses. The two devices represent different approaches to repositioning: traditional braces impose a joint angle and expect plastic relaxation, while pseudoelastic splints promote a plastic creep of tissues towards a more physiological posture without forcing the joints into any particular position. This idea has already been described in previous work [1] and ad-hoc devices have been constructed [2]. The focus here is on possible application scenarios.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The role of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infection in patients with simple hand lacerations

Study objective The use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with simple hand lacerations is controversial. This evidence-based emergency medicine review evaluates the existing evidence about the utility of prophylactic systemic antibiotics for prevention of infection in patients with simple hand lacerations. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and other databases were searched. Studies were selected for possible inclusion in the review if the authors stated that they had randomly assigned patients to an antibiotic treatment group or a control group and if they followed them up for the occurrence of infection. They also had to describe a reasonable method of wound cleaning for all subjects, repair the wounds, and exclude hand lacerations that involved special tissues such as bone, tendons, nerves, or large vessels. Standard criteria to appraise the quality of published trials were used. Results Four randomized trials met the inclusion criteria, of which 3 met minimally acceptable quality standards. Relative risks of infection after antibiotic use were 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09 to 11.38), 0.73 (95% CI 0.37 to 1.46), and 1.07 (95% CI 0.07 to 16.80) for the 3 included studies. In these trials, the differences in infection rates between antibiotic and control groups failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusion No convincing trend toward either benefit or harm from administration of antibiotics for uncomplicated hand lacerations is apparent. Clinical judgment based on individual cases should be used in such settings.
INSPIRED: Promoting diversity, retention, outreach and globalization readiness

The Increasing Student Participation in Research Development Program (ldquoINSPIREDrdquo), funded by a National Science Foundation Broadening Participation in Computing Grant, is designed to increase the participation of women and minorities in computing. This is needed to meet the growing demand for computer scientists and to strengthen the discipline by the infusion of their diverse ideas and perspectives. INSPIRED engages and develops students through an enriched research experience that includes mentoring, tutoring, and other support. INSPIRED is innovative in two respects. First, teams include students from all levels, freshmen through graduate students, and students can participate in multiple years. Secondly, the teams of students form the nucleus of a set of activities that are designed to retain and attract more students to computer science. Through involvement in outreach programs, INSPIRED students inspire others to enter and stay in the field. Working in diverse teams that include men and women from different cultures helps prepare students for the global workforce.
CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE SURFACE WATERS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN AND THE BARENTS AND KARA SEAS1

Measurements of the equilibrium concentration of carbon dioxide with respect to air in the surface waters of the Kara, Barents, and Norwegian Seas during the late summer of 1967 show undersaturation. The North Atlantic Ocean during late summer is slightly undersaturated except for limited areas such as the North Sea, south of Nova Scotia, and within the Gulf Stream, where supersaturation is found. Observations across the North Atlantic Ocean from the North Sea to Massachusetts Bay agree closely with the results of K. Buch from a similar track in 1935. The data indicate that for a 1C increase in surface sea temperature there is a 10 ppm increase in CO2 concentration. An increase in oxygen concentration of 1.0 ml/liter is associated with a decrease of 45 ppm CO2. In the Barents Sea, a linear relationship is found between CO2 and salinity, with a rise of 39 ppm CO2 per part per thousand increase in surface salinity.
Engineering Technology Special Programs

The Engineering Technology Department at the University of Houston-Downtown offers four unique Bachelor of Science programs with specialization in Process and Piping Design, Structural Analysis and Design, Controls and Instrumentation Electronics, and Safety and Fire Engineering Technology. These programs, developed to meet community needs, provide intensive and focused instruction in real world applications using new technologies. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 8: 185–190, 2000
Evaluation of Cell Phone Traffic Data in Minnesota

For decades, traffic conditions have been measured using aggregated point measurements from loop detectors. However, new technologies have become available recently that can assess traffic conditions by tracking vehicle trajectories and travel times. Among these new technologies is cell phone tracking, a concept that has received strong interest from the transportation community. AirSage, Inc., a private firm in the United States, has constructed a proprietary system that, using the Sprint PCS network, can track cell phone movements in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and deliver travel times for most of the urban roads, including both limited access freeways and signalized arterials. A University of Minnesota research team was consulted to evaluate the system's travel times against measured conditions and assess the level of accuracy and reliability of the technology through statistical analysis. The system's performance during its first-stage deployment in May and early June of 2007 was evaluated, including the system's accuracy on a limited access freeway and a signalized arterial during the peak hours over a 16-day period. The technology produced results with varied accuracies. Whether this system would produce acceptable margins of error for speeds and travel times depends on the guidelines set forth by interested transportation agencies.
Cytopathology of malignant melanoma in conventional and liquid-based smears.

We evaluated 62 fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens of metastatic malignant melanoma (MM) from 62 patients and compared 84 smears with the corresponding tissue sections. Melanin is found more often in FNA smears than in corresponding tissue sections of metastatic MM but is significantly less abundant in smears. Melanin is present more often in liquid-based than in conventional smears. Pseudoinclusions were almost twice as frequent in tissue sections as in corresponding aspirates, regardless of the preparation method. There was no statistical difference for cell type or cytoplasmic features in the tissue sections and aspirates or between the type of preparation and/or stain used. With the exception of melanin, direct comparison of liquid-based and conventional smears showed higher cellularity in the former as the only difference.
Adhesion and friction forces in microelectromechanical systems: mechanisms, measurement, surface modification techniques, and adhesion theory

Microscopic devices capable of performing sensing, actuation, and control tasks, known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), are expected to lead to new technologies with profound impact on science and engineering. The multidisciplinary nature of these miniaturized devices has necessitated the integration of basic knowledge of various mechanical, electrical, chemical, and thermal phenomena encountered at the microscale, and the discovery of novel methods for fabricating versatile micromachines. As the growth of MEMS accelerates, reliability and long-term durability issues are expected to assume even greater importance. In view of the low stiffness and large surface-to-volume ratio of micromachine devices, high interfacial attractive (adhesion) forces often lead to permanent surface attachment, a phenomenon known as stiction. Representative examples where surface interaction influences micromachine functionality are presented to elucidate the importance of adhesion and friction forces at the microdevic...
Human metapneumovirus infections are associated with severe morbidity in hospitalized children of all ages

The impact of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in children aged >5 years and the risk factors associated with disease severity for all ages have not been well characterized. A retrospective cohort study of 238 children aged 0–15 years hospitalized over a 3-year period was performed. Medical records were reviewed for demographic information, clinical parameters and outcomes. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify independent factors associated with worse disease severity assessed by length of hospital stay (LOS), need for ICU care, respiratory support, and a disease severity score. Pulmonary diseases were associated with all outcomes of care, while congenital heart disease (CHD) and neuromuscular disorders were associated with longer LOS, and CHD and trisomy 21 were associated with worse severity scores independent of other covariables. Fever, retractions, use of steroids and albuterol were also associated with enhanced disease severity. Understanding the determinants of HMPV disease in children may help design targeted preventive strategies.
Radiographic diagnosis of trans-stapedial cerebrospinal fluid fistula.

Abstract Objective To report the high-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a bulging oval window in children with recurrent meningitis and congenital cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Study Design Case series. Setting Academic medical center children's hospital. Subjects and Methods A series of eight ears in four children with profound, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and perilymphatic hydrops were evaluated. Two patients presented with recurrent meningitis. All children were assessed with high-resolution computed tomography, and two children also underwent MRI. Results Seven of eight ears had a common cavity malformation. The vestibular compartment showed severe dysplasia (n = 5), moderate dysplasia (n = 1), or a single semicircular canal (n = 2). The lamina cribrosa was clearly absent in four of eight ears. Its presence was difficult to assess in ears with small internal auditory canals. A bulging oval window, present in six of eight ears, was defined as a fluid density on high-resolution computed tomography or a hyperintense mass demonstrated by T2-weighted MRI protruding from the vestibule into the middle ear cavity. When present, this herniation of a fluid-filled sac could be seen on both MRI and computed tomography. This imaging finding was surgically confirmed in two patients. Conclusion The bulging oval window, which represents a fluid-filled sac, can be identified by both high-resolution computed tomography and MRI. Communication between the middle ear and the subarachnoid space through the inner ear is an important etiology for recurrent meningitis in children with sensorineural hearing loss.
Presynaptic adrenergic facilitation of parasympathetic neurotransmission in sympathectomized rat smooth muscle

1. Parasympathetic innervation of rat eyelid tarsal smooth muscle normally inhibits sympathetic neurotransmission prejunctionally without significant direct postjunctional effects. Following surgical sympathectomy, parasympathetic stimulation elicits smooth muscle contraction. This study examined the relative contributions of cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms mediating these contractions. 2. Electrical stimulation of the superior salivatory nucleus, which activates tarsal muscle parasympathetic nerves, elicited large contractions at 2 days postsympathectomy, which were abolished by atropine and were decreased by 65 % by alpha1-adrenoceptor blockade or spinal cord transection. 3. Contractions in response to direct cholinergic stimulation by bethanechol at 2 days postsympathectomy were increased following spinal cord transection (C2) and suppressed by the alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine, indicating that adrenoceptors on smooth muscle attenuate cholinergic contractions. However, phenylephrine infusion enhanced contractile responses to parasympathetic stimulation. 4. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed alpha1D-adrenoceptor mRNA within pterygopalatine ganglia. 5. At 5 weeks and 14 months postsympathectomy, adrenergic facilitation was significantly less than at 2 days, whereas prazosin-insensitive muscarinic contraction was increased. 6. We conclude that degeneration of sympathetic innervation is followed rapidly by adrenoceptor-mediated prejunctional enhancement of parasympathetic nerve-smooth muscle neurotransmission, which occurs prior to neuroeffector junction formation as determined previously by electron microscopy. Subsequently, noradrenergic enhancement is diminished as cholinergic neurotransmission becomes established.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Nonspecific Diarrhea in Infancy and Childhood Relationship with Juice Carbohydrate Malabsorption

Lactose intolerance and malabsorbed carbohydrate present in some fruitjuice may trigger symptoms commonly seen in irritable bowel syndrome. In a two-site study, 28 subjects 9 months to 18 years old (mean 6.9 +/- 5.9 years) with significant intake of apple juice or pear nectar (> 6 oz a day) with the diagnoses of irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, or chronic nonspecific diarrhea were recruited. Breath hydrogen tolerance tests utilizing lactose, sucrose, and apple juice in the amount they typically consumed were positive in 32%, 0%, and 50%, respectively. Subjects were asked to refrain from the ingestion ofjuice for 1 month: 13 of the 28 (46%) subjects improved while 15 (54%) showed no change in their symptoms. In fact, none consuming 6 to 12 oz of apple or pear juice daily improved, 27% of those consuming 12 to 16 oz improved, and 91% of those consuming > 16 oz improved (P < 0.02). Subjects were then given comparable amounts of white grape juice for 1 year. The initial symptoms did not recur in any of the subjects who initially responded to the juice-free diet. Of the 15 subjects who did not respond to the juice-free diet, seven became asymptomatic. Overall, 20 subjects (71%) were asymptomatic, and eight (29%) had no change in their symptoms. Some individuals with irritable bowel syndrome have their symptoms based on their malabsorption of carbohydrates present in apple juice and pear nectar and may improve with adequate choices of fruit juice such as changing to white grape juice.
Reengineering Human Bruch's Membrane Increases Rod Outer Segment Phagocytosis by Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium

We have shown previously that Bruch's membrane (BM) aging decreases retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) phagocytosis. Herein, we determine the effects of BM reengineering on RPE phagocytosis.BM explants were dissected from young and old donor eyes. Some old BM explants were reengineered by cleaning with Triton X-100 and/or coating with extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands. ARPE-19 cell-derived ECM (ARPE-ECM) modified ("aged") by sodium nitrite was subjected to similar treatments. ARPE-19 cells were then cultured to confluence onto the different surfaces. Fluorescently-labeled bovine rod outer segments (ROS) were fed to cells with or without αVβ5 integrin antibody. Image acquisition and phagocytosis quantification was performed by fluorescence microscopy and ImageJ analysis.Cleaning old donor-derived BM with detergent does not increase the uptake of ROS, but a combination of cleaning and coating with ECM ligands significantly increases RPE phagocytosis (54.9 ± 6.2 vs. 83.5 ± 6.5 arbitrary units; P < 0.05) to levels closer to young donor BM (123.6 ± 9.9 arbitrary units). Similar effects were observed on nitrite-modified ARPE-ECM subjected to the same treatments. Incubation of αVβ5 blocking antibody with ROS significantly decreased RPE phagocytosis.The detrimental effects of aging BM on RPE phagocytosis can be reversed by reengineering the BM surface with detergent cleaning and recoating with ECM ligands.These results demonstrate that the therapeutic success of transplanted RPE cells may require, at least in part, reengineering of diseased BM to make it a more suitable environment for attachment, survival and proper functioning of the RPE.
An Empirical Evaluation Of Goodwill Accounting

While the current amortization period for goodwill is criticized by many financial statement preparers for being too short, the accounting profession and regulatory bodies indicate the intention of further reducing the amortization period. This study documents consistent evidence suggesting that any attempt to significantly shorten the amortization period may impose an unfair penalty on firms with goodwill assets and cause the reported goodwill to be significantly understated.
Using a Class Blog for Student Experiential Learning Reflection in Business Courses.

ABSTRACTReflective observation is an important component of experiential learning that allows students to draw meaning from their experiences and incorporate that meaning into new learning conceptualizations. However, the present study indicates that business educators rarely incorporate reflection after concrete experiences into curricula. This research explores the use of a class blog as a medium for students to engage in social reflective observation. The authors include a case study of two marketing classes that used class blogs for reflective observation after semester-long group projects. Results from a survey of student attitudes toward the blog assignment indicate positive affective responses and perceived effectiveness of the blog task as a tool for reflection.
Critical Race Theory and Counselor Education Pedagogy: Creating Equitable Training

Infusing critical race theory, the authors discuss specific pedagogical strategies to enhance educational experiences of counselor trainees. The authors then provide an evaluative checklist to facilitate and evaluate curricular integration of critical race theory.
Implicit Water Simulations of Non-Equilibrium Charge Transport in Ion Channels

Ion channels are natural nano-channels found in the membranes of all living cells, which exhibit a broad range of specific device-like functions to help regulate cell physiology. The study of charge transport in ion channels is imperative to understand how charge regulation is accomplished at the molecular level if one is to develop nanoscale artificial systems that mimic biological function and detection. Although Molecular Dynamics is the most popular approach to simulate ion channel behavior, the computational cost of representing all water molecules and ions in the system is prohibitive to study the timescales required to resolve ionic current and lead to structure design. A hierarchy of models of decreasing complexity is needed to address simulation of different time and space scales, similar to the set of models developed to study transport in semiconductors. This paper discusses the application of Monte Carlo and Drift-diffusion methods to simulate transport in ion channels, using the ompF porin channel as a prototype.
Probing DNA Stiffness through Optical Fluctuation Analysis of Plasmon Rulers

The distance-dependent plasmon coupling between biopolymer tethered gold or silver nanoparticles forms the foundation for the so-called plasmon rulers. While conventional plasmon ruler applications focus on the detection of singular events in the far-field spectrum, we perform in this Letter a ratiometric analysis of the continuous spectral fluctuations arising from thermal interparticle separation variations in plasmon rulers confined to fluid lipid membranes. We characterized plasmon rulers with different DNA tethers and demonstrate the ability to detect and quantify differences in the plasmon ruler potential and tether stiffness. The influence of the nature of the tether (single-stranded versus double-stranded DNA) and the length of the tether is analyzed. The characterization of the continuous variation of the interparticle separation in individual plasmon rulers through optical fluctuation analysis provides additional information about the conformational flexibility of the tether molecule(s) located ...
Ion Beam Irradiation of Metal Films on SiO2

Ion beam irradiation of metal film/SiO2 interfaces causes reactions when the metals are those chemically capable of reducing SiO2. These reactions result in the formation of metal rich silicides in the region of the interface and an increase in the adhesion of the film to the substrate. For other nonreactive metals ion irradiation causes lateral transport of metal atoms resulting in the formation of an island structure. The results obtained by ion irradiation are compared with previous studies of high temperature thermal processing of metal films on SiO2.
S12.2 Tales of Woe: HSV Vaccine and Null Study Results

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infects 530 million people, is the predominant cause of genital ulcer disease, and a key driver of HIV epidemic in subSaharan Africa. In human populations with susceptibility to HSV appears universal. In animal models, several candidate preventative and therapeutic vaccines have been successful only to fail in clinical trials, including recent null results from the prophylactic glycoprotein D2 subunit vaccine trial. However, detailed analyses of the immune suggest assays that antibody response may correlate with protective immune response, providing the first evidence of immune correlate of protection from infection. In addition, recent characterization of CD8 tissue memory cells in genital mucosa suggests that we may also identify immune correlate of HSV-2 control in the infected host. In this Symposium, I will discuss HSV-2 vaccine efforts in the context of our understanding of pathogenesis and epidemiology, as well as the current pipeline of candidate vaccines.
Directed Assembly of Block Copolymer Templates for the Fabrication of Mesoporous Silica Films with Controlled Architectures via 3-D Replication

Mesoporous silica films with cylindrical or spherical pores up to 40 nm in diameter were fabricated by replicating the morphologies of polystyrene-b-poly(tert-butyl acrylate), PS-b-PtBA, copolymers using CO2-assisted infusion and phase selective condensation of tetraethylorthosilicate within the polymer template. The template structures, including domain packing, orientation and spacing were controlled by adjusting the molecular weight, volume fraction and polydispersities of the block copolymers and by solvent annealing. Cylinder alignment was achieved in polymer templates through directed self-assembly (DSA). The structural details imparted to the template prior to precursor infusion were retained in the mesoporous films. In one example, aligned PS-b-PtBA templates were replicated to yield massively parallel arrays of cylindrical pores with pore diameters up to ∼20 nm. The ability to tune pore sizes in this range within aligned nanochannels is attractive for applications involving biomolecules.
Bibliometric Analysis and Comparison of Two STEM LIS Journals: Science & Technology Libraries and Issues in Science & Technology Librarianship (2005–2014)

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to present a bibliometric analysis and a comparison of two journals that cover all aspects of STEM librarianship: ISTL (Issues in Science & Technology Librarianship) and STL (Science & Technology Libraries). A recent 10 years of publications were selected to report many variables that describe and compare the bibliometric indicators of the publications and bibliographies. Each issue of these journals published from 2005 to 2014 were carefully examined, and nonresearch articles such as reviews, editorial boards, opinions, and columns were excluded from the study. A total of 338 research articles; 163 from STL and 175 from ISTL, have been analyzed. Findings presented a wide range of data such as subject coverage, nature of authorship, number and format distribution of the bibliographic citations, affiliations of the authors, etc. It is hoped that this bibliometric study will provide a concise review of these two STEM LIS journals as well as in-depth analysis of the res...
Evapotranspiration from drained wetlands with different hydrologic regimes: Drivers, modeling, and storage functions

Summary We tested whether the current understanding of insignificant effect of drainage on evapotranspiration (ET) in the temperate region wetlands applies to those in the subtropics. Hydro-climatic drivers causing the changes in drained wetlands were identified and used to develop a generic model to predict wetland ET. Eddy covariance (EC)-based ET measurements were made for two years at two differently drained but close by wetlands, a heavily drained wetland (SW) (97% reduced surface storage) and a more functional wetland (DW) (42% reduced storage). Annual ET for more intensively drained SW was 836 mm, 34% less than DW (1271 mm) and the difference was significant (p = 0.001). This difference was mainly due to drainage driven differences in inundation and associated effects on net radiation (Rn) and local relative humidity. Two generic daily ET models, a regression model (MSE = 0.44 mm2, R2 = 0.80) and a machine learning-based Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) model (MSE = 0.36 mm2, R2 = 0.84), were developed with the latter being more robust. The RVM model can predict changes in ET for different restoration scenarios; a 1.1 m rise in drainage level showed 7% increase ET (18 mm) at SW while the increase at DW was negligible. The additional ET, 28% of surface flow, can enhance water storage, flood protection, and climate mitigation services at SW compared to DW. More intensely drained wetlands at higher elevation should be targeted for restoration for enhanced storage through increased ET. The models developed can predict changes in ET for improved evaluation of basin-scale effects of restoration programs and climate change scenarios.
Introduction to Secret-Sharing

This is the written form of a talk that I gave at the Dagstuhl seminar “Dependence Logic: Theory and Applications”. My purpose is to explain what the theory of secret-sharing is about; to point out its connections with the fundamental notions, dependence and independence, of dependence logic; and to indicate some of the results and open problems of this theory.
Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Activities of Green Tea Polyphenols in Cancer Prevention

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a widely consumed beverage that has shown preventive effects against chronic diseases including cancer. Green tea polyphenols are believed to be responsible for this cancer preventive effect and modulation of redox activity has been suggested as a potential mechanism of action. Data from various laboratories have suggested that green tea polyphenols can act as direct antioxidants by scavenging reactive oxygen species or chelating transition metals; as potent pro-oxidants which generate reactive oxygen species via a transition metal catalyzed reaction; or indirectly to modulate redox status by upregulating of phase II and antioxidant enzymes. Considerable data has been generated using in vitro systems, but these results must be interpreted with caution because of the relatively high oxygen concentrations available in vitro compared to in vivo. In the present review, we discuss the available data regarding the pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of tea polyphenols and provide suggestions for future research.
Cancer clinical trials in persons with HIV infection.

Purpose of reviewThe era of modern HIV therapeutics is well underway. The cancer and infectious disease epidemiology of HIV disease has markedly altered as populations are availed to the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ARV). The types of cancers occurring among those with HIV infection has broad
An economy and reliability comprehensive assessment method of distribution network connection modes

Comparison of the connection modes is one of the most important questions in the planning and maintaining of the urban distribution networks. Considering the characteristic of the actual distribution networks, this paper creates a load distribution model in which considers load density as the main indicator, considers the constraints such as current limit and voltage drop limit of the branches, and sets up unified reliability and economy indicators. Based on the above studies, this paper establishes an economy and reliability comprehensive assessment method which is suitable for the analysis of the distribution network connection modes. Then, this paper does a comparison of different connection modes in overhead lines and cable lines using the assessment method, and gets comparison results under different line lengths and different load density situation.
Uniform quadratic penalties cause nonuniform spatial resolution

Examines the spatial resolution properties of penalized maximum-likelihood image reconstruction methods by analyzing the local impulse response. The authors show that for emission image reconstruction using the ordinary uniform quadratic regularization penalty, the local impulse response is spatially variant. Paradoxically, the local resolution is poorest in high activity regions. The analysis leads naturally to a modified quadratic regularization penalty that achieves nearly uniform resolution. The modified penalty also provides a very practical method for choosing the smoothing parameter to obtain a specified resolution. >
Asymmetric Synthesis via (α-Haloalkyl)boronic Esters

The discovery of a practical synthesis of (α-haloalkyl)boronic esters in very high enantiomeric and diastereomeric purity has resulted in a novel method of asymmetric synthesis of broad scope [1]. For example, this chemistry provides the most general known synthesis of chiral secondary alcohols in >99% enantiomeric excess. Several adjacent chiral centers and a wide variety of functional groups can be incorporated into the target compounds. The only restrictions are those imposed by high steric hindrance and reactive functionality.
Concurrent Migration of Multiple Pages in software-managed hybrid main memory

This paper describes Concurrent Migration of Multiple Pages (CMMP), a new hardware-software mechanism for managing hybrid main memory (DRAM+PCM). CMMP migrates multiple pages concurrently without significantly affecting the memory bandwidth available to applications. CMMP provides a simple interface for the OS to observe memory access patterns. CMMP reduces PCM-to-DRAM transfer bandwidth by copying blocks on-demand. It also reduces DRAM-to-PCM bandwidth by suppressing the transfer of untouched blocks back to PCM. Compared to a state-of-the-art page migration approach for hybrid memory, CMMP improves performance by 14% and reduces energy consumption by 29% on average.
Bumble bee colony growth and reproduction depend on local flower dominance and natural habitat area in the surrounding landscape

Abstract Conservation measures for bees often focus on increasing the diversity and abundance of floral resources. But it has not been clear if observed benefits of floral enhancements result from greater population growth, which is critical for the long-term success of conservation, or from mobile foragers aggregating in high-resource locations. Experimental evidence is only beginning to emerge in favor of the former mechanism and it is not well-established how different aspects of floral resources affect population growth. For example, bumble bee colonies may benefit from greater overall floral abundance, richness, or relative dominance of resource species. Because bumble bees are highly mobile, resource variability in the surrounding landscape is also important for colonies and may mediate local-scale effects. We experimentally assessed the growth and reproduction of bumble bee colonies (Bombus impatiens) deployed in grasslands in different local- and landscape-scale resource environments. We found that floral dominance, rather than the overall abundance or richness of floral resources, was the most important local factor for colony growth and reproduction. This may reflect more efficient foraging on a few numerically dominant and abundant resource species. Local- and landscape-scale predictor variables had interacting effects on colony growth and reproduction, suggesting that foraging distance depends on where in the landscape efficiently used resources are located. Our results provide further evidence that conservation strategies aimed at enhancing floral resources can increase bumble bee population growth. However, the most effective form of floral enhancement may vary among bee species.
Mismatch negativity (MMN) to spatial deviants and behavioral spatial discrimination ability in the etiology of auditory verbal hallucinations and thought disorder in schizophrenia.

Abstract Persistent auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia are increasingly tied to dysfunction at the level of auditory cortex. AVH may reflect in part misattribution of internally generated thoughts to external spatial locations. Here, we investigated the association between persistent AVH and spatial localization abilities assessed both behaviorally and by mismatch negativity (MMN) to location deviants. Methods Spatial- and tonal- discrimination abilities were assessed in patients (n = 20) and controls (n = 20) using free-field tones. MMN was assessed to spatial-location-, pitch- and duration-deviants. AVH and thought disorder were assessed using clinical evaluation. Results As predicted, patients showed significant reductions in behavioral spatial-discrimination (p Conclusion These findings demonstrate a significant relationship between auditory cortical spatial localization abilities and AVH susceptibility, with relatively preserved function of left vs. right auditory cortex predisposing to more severe AVH, and support models that attribute persistent AVH to impaired source-monitoring. The findings suggest new approaches for therapeutic intervention for both AVH and thought disorder in schizophrenia.
Monomials and the Lexicographic Order

This paper investigates the relationship between the lexicographic order on monomials and lex-segments of monomials
Critique [of Women, Religion, and Peace in an American Indian Ritual by Kristin Herzog]

Kristin Herzog9s journey into the past is a necessary journey for serious students of ethnic and American studies; she establishes the relevance and validity of oral literature which has been relegated to an inferior status by scholars in the western world. The attempt to impose an inferior status on oral literature is rather sinister when one considers the absence of a written literature has been taken to mean an absence of intellectual activity on the part of such people. Not only American Indians but also Africans have suffered a great deal because of the tendency to regard such people as lacking in culture or intellectual achievements. On the contrary, the oral tradition has been the strength of ancient cultures as Kristin Herzog shows and was brought to light in a remarkable way by Alex Haley in his novel ROOTS. Alex Haley went back to a living ancient tradition in The Gambia and brought to life and to the attention of the world the richness of an African culture while documenting his personal history. There is, however, a danger that oral tradition might not stand up to critical scientific analysis but this does not mean that it cannot be validated by evidence from other sources supporting it. The main point to be made however is that oral tradition is a legitimate tradition.
Plural Action Sentences and Logical Form: Reply to Himmelreich

ABSTRACTThis paper replies to Himmelreich's ‘The Paraphrase Argument Against Collective Actions’ [2017], which presents three putative counterexamples to the multiple agents analysis of plural action sentences. The paper shows that the argument from the first example, the discursive dilemma, fails because it relies crucially on a simplification of the target analysis, and that the others don't bear on the question because they turn out on examination to be about individual rather than group action sentences.
Social Care and Social Exclusion: A Comparative Study of Older People’s Care in Europe: Tim Blackman, Sally Brodhurst, and Janet Convery; Hampshire, England: Palgrave, 2001, 226 pages

Assuming that the most desirable situation for elderly persons is to be cared for in the familiar surroundings of their homes, then what services are needed, how should these services be provided, ...