cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of mean residence time in subsurface waters using oxygen-18 fluctuations during drought conditions in the mid-Appalachians

Abstract Seasonal variations of the stable isotope, oxygen-18 ( 18 O), were used to estimate mean residence times (MRTs) of water in two Valley and Ridge Province watersheds in central Pennsylvania. MRT was estimated by applying 18 O input precipitation signatures to response function models that describe flow conditions in the subsurface system. Precipitation 18 O is usually seasonally periodic; however, during this study period (March 1998 to June 1999), unusual weather conditions and severe drought caused an abnormal seasonal signature in precipitation 18 O. The atypical input precipitation amounts and 18 O signatures required that adjustments be made using recharge factors and an extended past input function to represent the varying fraction of input water that contributed to turnover within the watershed during the study period. Oxygen-18 variations were investigated in output waters from tension and zero-tension soil water lysimeters, shallow wells, and streamflow. Soil water 18 O signatures were more responsive to precipitation 18 O variations than streamflow 18 O signatures. Theoretical models based on exponential piston-flow and dispersion flow processes fit data better than did other groundwater age distribution models (i.e. pure piston flow or pure exponential models). Analysis suggested that during drought conditions, larger portions of older water dominated streamflow 18 O composition, and that the current year's precipitation 18 O signature became more attenuated in the subsurface flow system. MRTs obtained for streamflow at each site were 9.5 and 4.8 months for a 14 and 100 ha watershed, respectively, and soil water MRT at 100 cm depth was on the order of a couple months; indicating a relatively rapid response of shallow groundwater to precipitation.
Matrix metalloproteinase-7 is expressed by pancreatic cancer precursors and regulates acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in exocrine pancreas

In gastrointestinal epithelium, metaplastic conversion between predominant cell types is associated with an increased risk of neoplasia. However, the mechanisms regulating metaplastic transitions in adult epithelia are largely undefined. Here we show that matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is expressed not only in the majority of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma specimens, but also in human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and metaplastic duct lesions in human and mouse. In a mouse model of pancreatic acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, MMP-7 progressively accumulates during the metaplastic transition, resulting in a concomitant increase in solubilization of Fas ligand (FasL). Under identical conditions, mice either deficient in MMP-7 or carrying an inactive FasL gene are severely inhibited in development of progressive metaplasia and acinar cell apoptosis. Thus, MMP-7 and FasL influence the initiation and maintenance of metaplastic events in pancreatic epithelium, explaining the observed link between metaplasia and apoptosis in pancreas and other gastrointestinal tissues.
Development of Cortical Circuitry and Cognitive Function.

Recent functional and anatomical studies in nonhuman primates have elucidated the basic neural circuitry underlying delayed-response function in adult nonhuman primates. Thus circuitry includes connections of the principal sulcus with other areas of parietal association and limbic cortex and projections to the caudate nucleus, superior colliculus, and other premotor centers. Anatomical tracing in primate fetuses and in monkeys at various stages of postnatal development indicates that these various classes of cortical connections begin to form by the second trimester of pregnancy. Electromicroscopic studies of the principal sulcus and other areas of cerebral cortex show that the number and density of synapses in the cortex increase rapidly, reaching and maintaining higher than normal adult values between 2 and 4 months postnatally, before slowly declining over a period of years to stable adult levels. The capacity to perform delayed-response and/or AB at short delays emerges around 4 months of age, coinciding with the end of the period of highest synaptic density in the principal sulcus. These findings suggest that a critical mass of cortical synapses is important for the emergence of this cognitive function, and that fully mature capacity may depend upon the elimination of excess synapses that occurs during adolescence and young adulthood. Knowledge of the neural basis of normal cognitive development may prove useful both to social and educational purposes as well as to understanding developmental disorders of cognition.
FoxO4 interacts with the sterol regulatory factor SREBP2 and the hypoxia inducible factor HIF2α at the CYP51 promoter

The late steps of cholesterol biosynthesis are oxygen demanding, requiring eleven oxygen molecules per synthesized cholesterol molecule. A key enzymatic reaction, which occurs at the top of the Bloch and Kandutsch-Russell pathways, is the demethylation of lanosterol and dihydrolanosterol (DHL). This reaction is catalyzed by lanosterol 14α demethylase (CYP51) and requires three oxygen molecules. Thus, it is the first step in the distal pathway to be susceptible to oxygen deprivation. Having previously identified that the forkhead transcription factor 4 (FoxO4) represses CYP51 expression, we aimed to characterize its role at the CYP51 promoter. Hypoxia-treated 3T3L1 cells showed decreased cholesterol biosynthesis, accumulation of lanosterol/DHL, and stimulation of FoxO4 expression and its cytoplasmic translocation to the nucleus. Transfection assays with a CYP51 promoter reporter gene revealed that FoxO4 and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)2 exert a stimulatory effect, whereas FoxO4 and the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)2α repress CYP51 promoter activity. Electromobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, pull-down, and coimmunoprecipitation assays show that FoxO4 interacts with SREBP2 and HIF2α to modulate CYP51 promoter activity. We also show an inverse correlation between FoxO4 and CYP51 in adipose tissue of ob/ob mice and mouse fetal cortical neurons exposed to hypoxia. Overall, these studies demonstrate a role for FoxO4 in the regulation of CYP51 expression.
Seamless texture atlases

Texture atlas parameterization provides an effective way to map a variety of color and data attributes from 2D texture domains onto polygonal surface meshes. However, the individual charts of such atlases are typically plagued by noticeable seams. We describe a new type of atlas which is seamless by construction. Our seamless atlas comprises all quadrilateral charts, and permits seamless texturing, as well as per-fragment down-sampling on rendering hardware and polygon simplification. We demonstrate the use of this atlas for capturing appearance attributes and producing seamless renderings.
InGaAs/GaAs QD superlattices: MOVPE growth, structural and optical characterization, and application in intermediate-band solar cells

We report on the growth and characterization of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) superlattices for application in intermediate-band solar cells (IBSCs). Good optical and structural quality QD superlattices with up to 50 periods were obtained by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth on {113}B GaAs substrates. Solar cells containing Si /spl part/-doped and undoped QD superlattice absorption regions have been fabricated and their performance compared with control cells containing undoped GaAs or undoped InGaAs/GaAs superlattice absorption regions. The QD superlattice cells exhibited photoresponses extended to longer wavelengths than the control cells. The introduction of QDs to the absorbing region of the solar cells resulted in a decrease in the open-circuit voltages and, in some cases, a decrease in the short-circuit currents of the cells.
Informing API Design through Usability Studies of API Design Choices: A Research Abstract

Using APIs is a common and often difficult task for developers. Successful API designs can guide users of an API and reduce their dependence on documentation; however API design is far from a science. Usability lab studies have been shown to be successful at improving the usability of specific APIs; however these are expensive and not always possible to run for every API. This paper describes an approach to generalize from studies of specific APIs to investigate the usability impact of design choices that commonly arise in the creation of APIs. Based on these results we will inform the design of many new APIs. A preliminary usability study of whether or not to require constructor parameters confirms our belief that the answer to common design decisions is not always obvious, and making the wrong choice can have a strong negative impact on usability for large groups of API users.
Delivery of Suspended Sediment and Pollutants from Nonpoint Sources during Overland Flow

: Delivery of sediment and particulate pollutants from diffuse sources is shown to be related to the loss of sediment carrying energy of runoff during the overland flow phase. The loss is caused by the termination of rainfall and by reduction of flow energy during the recession phase of the overland flow hydrograph. It has been demonstrated both by theoretical analyses and experimental measurements that the saturated sediment concentration in overland flow is a function of rainfall erosivity and the runoff flow rate. The hypotheses were verified by field measurements from a small homogeneous watershed.
A progressive quadratic failure criterion, part B

The predictions for UD and laminated composites from Part A of this exercise [Compos. Sci. Technol. (1998) 1023] are compared with test data [Compos. Sci. Technol. (in press)]. Questions concerning the accuracy and flexibility of our progressive criterion are answered herein. In general, the intact and degraded models provide good agreement. So do several stress/strain curves. The selective damage scheme was found to be the source of some problems at certain loading conditions. By eliminating this selective degradation, agreement between the prediction and the test data were improved. Empirical factors are easily adjusted to close the gap between theory and data. Those factors are within the bounds set by the theory in Part A. Discrepancies do happen and some can be attributed to bad data while some have no simple explanation. All in all, the exercise has been worthwhile and may have impact on the growth of composites in the years to come. An easy to learn Excel-based program for plotting failure envelopes can be downloaded free of charge for interested parties.
Efficacy of Pregabalin in the Treatment of Radicular Pain: Results of a Controlled Trial

Background: Pregabalin is commonly used to treat patients with various neuropathic pain syndromes. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin in patients with lumbar or cervical radicular pain. Patients and Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial was conducted in 39 patients with lumbar and cervical radicular pain, who received 3 weeks of either pregabalin (n = 10) or placebo (n = 9) treatment. Baseline pain and disability were evaluated before the treatment and were re-evaluated, along with overall patient satisfaction, after the 3 weeks of treatment. Results: Data on 19 of the 39 patients recruited were available for analysis. No statistically significant differences in the pain, disability, and patient satisfaction scores were found between the groups. When the individual patient scores were assessed, the placebo treatment was found to be efficacious in 4 of the 9 patients and pregabalin was effective in 2 of the 10 patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.350). Conclusions: The present data do not suggest that pregabalin is more efficacious than placebo in the treatment of lumbar and cervical radicular pain. However, the small sample size of this study may have affected the ability to detect such a difference.
Yes, Virginia, There Can Be Wrongful Life: On Consistency, Public Policy, and the Birth-Related Torts

This article discusses the varying approaches adopted by states with respect to whether to recognize wrongful conception, wrongful birth, and wrongful life, with special attention paid to Virginia jurisprudence both because Virginia has case law supporting the recognition and the non-recognition of a cause of action for wrongful life and because neither the Virginia Supreme Court nor the Virginia legislature has yet addressed that issue. The article suggests that many of the justifications offered for refusing to recognize some of these causes of action (e.g., a desire not to promote abortion) do not support a blanket ban on their recognition but at most a limitation on the contexts in which they might be recognized. The article concludes that states should re-examine their approaches regarding whether to recognize the birth-related torts to make the jurisprudence fairer, more consistent, and more likely to promote good public policy.
Cooperative Control Design for Nanorobots in Drug Delivery

In this chapter, we present cooperative control strategies for multi-robots to deliver drugs in tumor environments. We first discuss a nanorobot architecture, including chemical sensors, actuators, power supply, and data transmission, which is supported by the state of the art of nanotechnology. We then review tumor microenvironment modeling and pH measurement, where a tumor pH diffusion model is introduced and the pH value profile is established in the tumor environment. Based on the mathematical modeling, we propose a cooperative control strategy for pH sensitive nanorobots to deliver drugs in such environments. The control law is composed of gradient estimation and cooperative control, where the robots cooperatively estimate the gradient of the center of the group based on individual pH measurement, and then move towards the tumor center in a formation. We conduct rigorous convergence analysis and prove that the designed control steers the group of the robots reaching the cancer cells with the lowest pH value in the presence of estimation errors. Numerical simulations have shown effectiveness of the algorithm.
Method development and survey of Sudan I–IV in palm oil and chilli spices in the Washington, DC, area

Sudan I, II, III and IV dyes are banned for use as food colorants in the United States and European Union because they are toxic and carcinogenic. These dyes have been illegally used as food additives in products such as chilli spices and palm oil to enhance their red colour. From 2003 to 2005, the European Union made a series of decisions requiring chilli spices and palm oil imported to the European Union to contain analytical reports declaring them free of Sudan I-IV. In order for the USFDA to investigate the adulteration of palm oil and chilli spices with unapproved colour additives in the United States, a method was developed for the extraction and analysis of Sudan dyes in palm oil, and previous methods were validated for Sudan dyes in chilli spices. Both LC-DAD and LC-MS/MS methods were examined for their limitations and effectiveness in identifying adulterated samples. Method validation was performed for both chilli spices and palm oil by spiking samples known to be free of Sudan dyes at concentrations close to the limit of detection. Reproducibility, matrix effects, and selectivity of the method were also investigated. Additionally, for the first time a survey of palm oil and chilli spices was performed in the United States, specifically in the Washington, DC, area. Illegal dyes, primarily Sudan IV, were detected in palm oil at concentrations from 150 to 24 000 ng ml(-1). Low concentrations (< 21 µg kg(-1)) of Sudan dyes were found in 11 out of 57 spices and are most likely a result of cross-contamination during preparation and storage and not intentional adulteration.
A Perspective on the State of Genome Editing.

Like the launch of a space probe, the advent of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing platform has caused both excitement and anxiety. The excitement, of course, reflects its high success rate, its simplicity, and its affordability.1,2 Its rapid adoption owes much to the groundwork laid by its predecessor nucleases, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), meganucleases, and transcription activator–like effector nucleases (TALENs).3 All these reagents are able to make specific, targeted breaks in chromosomal DNA and generate both new mutations and intentional sequence changes. The anxiety arises from these same features of the technology and the prospect that some researchers might be too aggressive in using it.4 Moreover, if it is really true that CRISPR/Cas genome modifications can be accomplished in anyone’s garage, will it be employed for nefarious purposes?
Effects on TiN Film Properties of the Interaction Between Titanium and Borophosphosilicate Glass During High-Temperature Nitridation

Titanium nitride, formed either by rapid thermal processing (RTP) or reactive sputtering, is commonly applied as a barrier film in the fabrication of metal-to-substrate contacts for CMOS devices. In one approach a titanium film is sputtered onto a patterned dielectric and then nitrided at a temperature greater than 500°C to form a TiN layer. Variations in the structure and resistivity of the titanium layer are observed when the titanium overlies a borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) film. The structural change appears as a “wrinkling” of the TiN film and the TiN-BPSG interface. More severely wrinkled films are characterized by lower sheet resistivities. Results of TEM and SEM analyses are presented, as well as data on TiN resistivity and reflectance for nitridation temperatures in the range 650°C to 900°C, and for BPSG boron and phosphorus concentrations of approximately 3 to 5 wt. %. Mechanisms for the TiN wrinkling are discussed.
Effects of Age and Gender Stereotypes on Trust in an Anthropomorphic Decision Aid

Stereotypes are beliefs about the capabilities of another group. Previous research indicates stereotypes can affect how users interact with anthropomorphic computer aids. User perception can be affected by gender and age stereotypes elicited by the appearance of the computer system. Other research has shown that perceptions of automation (e.g., implicit ones such as propensity to trust automation, or perceptions of etiquette) interact with reliability to influence automation trust behavior. The current study built upon these ideas to examine whether implicit beliefs (i.e., stereotypes) about the perceived age and gender of automation interacted with reliability to affect perceptions of trust in automation. We employed a factorial survey where we presented scenarios of automation to younger adults. The anthropomorphized automation had a perceived age and gender, and was stated to be variably reliable.
Structure of l-Serine Dehydratase from Legionella pneumophila: Novel Use of the C-Terminal Cysteine as an Intrinsic Competitive Inhibitor.

Here we report the first complete structure of a bacterial Fe-S l-serine dehydratase determined to 2.25 A resolution. The structure is of the type 2 l-serine dehydratase from Legionella pneumophila that consists of a single polypeptide chain containing a catalytic α domain and a β domain that is structurally homologous to the "allosteric substrate binding" or ASB domain of d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The enzyme exists as a dimer of identical subunits, with each subunit exhibiting a bilobal architecture. The [4Fe-4S](2+) cluster is bound by residues from the C-terminal α domain and is situated between this domain and the N-terminal β domain. Remarkably, the model reveals that the C-terminal cysteine residue (Cys 458), which is conserved among the type 2 l-serine dehydratases, functions as a fourth ligand to the iron-sulfur cluster producing a "tail in mouth" configuration. The interaction of the sulfhydryl group of Cys 458 with the fourth iron of the cluster appears to mimic the position that the substrate would adopt prior to catalysis. A number of highly conserved or invariant residues found in the β domain are clustered around the iron-sulfur center. Ser 16, Ser 17, Ser 18, and Thr 290 form hydrogen bonds with the carboxylate group of Cys 458 and the carbonyl oxygen of Glu 457, whereas His 19 and His 61 are poised to potentially act as the catalytic base required for proton extraction. Mutation of His 61 produces an inactive enzyme, whereas the H19A protein variant retains substantial activity, suggesting that His 61 serves as the catalytic base. His 124 and Asn 126, found in an HXN sequence, point toward the Fe-S cluster. Mutational studies are consistent with these residues either binding a serine molecule that serves as an activator or functioning as a potential trap for Cys 458 as it moves out of the active site prior to catalysis.
The joint effect of bias awareness and self-reported prejudice on intergroup anxiety and intentions for intergroup contact.

Two correlational studies investigated the joint effect of Bias Awareness—a new individual difference measure that assesses Whites’ awareness and concern about their propensity to be biased—and prejudice on Whites’ intergroup anxiety and intended intergroup contact. Using a community sample (Study 1), we found the predicted Bias Awareness × Prejudice interaction. Prejudice was more strongly related to interracial anxiety among those high (vs. low) in Bias Awareness. Study 2 investigated potential behavioral consequences in an important real world context: medical students’ intentions for working primarily with minority patients. Study 2 replicated the Bias Awareness × Prejudice interaction and further demonstrated that interracial anxiety mediated medical students’ intentions to work with minority populations.
Structure Optimization for Strain Clamp of Power Transmission Line

Aiming at problem of being easy to be overheated of existing strain clamp of the power transmission line,this paper discusses design for a kind of new strain clamp for which double-plate and single-plate connection is used for the drainage plate and drainage clamp and by increasing contact area it is aimed at improve electric performance of the strain clamp.By using finite element analysis software,it proceeds simulating analysis and comparison for the new strain clamp and existing strain clamp under ideal condition and abnormal condition.The results show that the existing strain clamp is easy to be overheated when contact resistance is largenning while the new strain clamp is able to effectively avoid overheat due to rapid largeness of the contact resistance caused for reasons of installation or looseness of the bolt.In addition,heat dissipation performance of the new strain clamp is obviously better than existing strain clamp which is feasible to solve overheat problem better.
Multiple levels of response in carcinogenicity bioassays: regulational variation among viable yellow (Avy/-) mice.

Within genetically identical inbred and F1 hybrid test animal populations there exist subpopulations with different levels of sensitivity to induction of toxic endpoints, e.g., neoplasms, in response to toxicant exposure. These subpopulations differ from each other by other phenotypic characteristics as well. Presumably, these differences reflect alterations in the quantitative expression of some genes. These alterations are most probably directly or indirectly induced by subtle prenatal, neonatal or postnatal changes in endogenous microenvironmental conditions or factors. Such subpopulations have been identified within a population of agouti A/a and mottled yellow Avy/A (C3H x VY)F1 hybrid male mice. In these subpopulations differential body weight gain and formation of multiple liver adenomas in response to phenobarbital treatment were correlated with altered constitutive and inducible hepatic drug-metabolizing isozyme activities. These subpopulations could be identified by body weight as early as weaning age. In a different population of (YS x VY)F1 hybrid female mice, three phenotypes with different patterns of sensitivity to liver and lung tumor formation form visually separable phenotypic subpopulations by postnatal day 7. Two of these phenotypes, obese mottled yellow and lean pseudoagouti, are genetically identical (genotype: Avy/a), while the third phenotype, lean black a/a, differs from the others by just the Avy allele. The yellow and pseudoagouti mice, fed lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) for 24 months, differed with respect to liver tumor incidence but had similar incidences of lung tumors. In contrast, the black mice, fed lindane, were totally resistant to both types of tumors. Analyses of phenotypic variation within other inbred or F1 hybrid populations have identified analogous subpopulations. In carcinogenicity assays this phenotypic variability can be used to mimic differential sensitivity to toxicant exposure among individuals in human populations. Data obtained from such phenotypic subpopulations should assist in improving risk assessment efforts.
The Need to Distinguish Personal from General Wisdom: A Short History and Empirical Evidence

In this chapter, I aim to demonstrate the usefulness of a rather recent addition to the conceptualization and measurement of wisdom, and that is the notion of “personal or self-related wisdom,” which was first introduced as a concept in the late 1990s (Staudinger UM, Social cognition and a psychological approach to an art of life. In Blanchard-Fields F, Hess T (eds) Social cognition, adult development and aging, Academic Press, New York, pp 343–375, 1999a). I have suggested to distinguish personal from general wisdom as evidence has shown that the covariance patterns, age trajectories, and plasticity patterns of both concepts differ. Folklore and grandmother wisdom captures in a number of sayings that it is easier to give wise advice to others than oneself, let alone following it. Obviously, personal and general wisdom are not independent of each other but each carry unique variance. This chapter compiles the evidence underlying the distinction between general and personal wisdom. Most of the approaches to wisdom in the literature to date, however, have not specified whether they are addressing personal or general wisdom or both. Research on personal and general wisdom needs to take into consideration method effects such that identified similarities or differences between the two concepts should not be confounded by a difference in the assessment method. More longitudinal evidence is needed to disentangle the intricate developmental interrelations between general and personal wisdom.
Theoretical study of interfacial damping in perpendicular anisotropy superlattices along multiple crystal orientations

Damping, representing the loss of magnetic energy from the electrons to the lattice through the spin-orbit interaction, is calculated for Co/Pt and Co/Pd superlattices grown along the (001), (111), and (011) orientations. The damping consists of two contributions: interfacial and, usually, bulk. The interfacial damping shows dependence on the superlattice orientation. The origin of the interfacial damping is due to both the distorted electronic states at the interface and the spin-orbit interaction in the weakly polarized nonmagnetic Pt/Pd layers deposited on Co layers. The density of states around the Fermi level provides the spin-flip channels and closely correlates with the damping value. The damping shows asymmetry in the two transverse directions of the spin for spins at most angles. The damping for out-of-plane magnetization can be as much as 1.7 times larger than that of in-plane magnetization.
Association of Weight and Body Composition on Cardiac Structure and Function in the ARIC Study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities)

Background Obesity increases cardiovascular risk. However, the extent to which various measures of body composition are associated with abnormalities in cardiac structure and function, independent of comorbidities commonly affecting obese individuals, is not clear. This study sought to examine the relationship between body mass index, waist circumference, and percent body fat with conventional and advanced measures of cardiac structure and function. Methods and results We studied 4343 participants of the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) who were aged 69 to 82 years, free of coronary heart disease and heart failure, and underwent comprehensive echocardiography. Increasing body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat were associated with greater left ventricular (LV) mass and left atrial volume indexed to height(2.7) in both men and women (P Conclusions In a large, biracial cohort of older adults free of clinically overt coronary heart disease or heart failure, obesity was associated with subclinical abnormalities in cardiac structure in both men and women and with adverse LV remodeling and impaired LV systolic function in women. These data highlight the association of obesity and subclinical abnormalities of cardiac structure and function, particularly in women.
Scalable Production of Digitally Designed Multifunctional Polymeric Particles by In-Fiber Fluid Instabilities

By exploiting fluid instabilities in multimaterial fibers, we present a fabrication methodology for producing multifunctional particles. Particles are produced with optical and magnetic dopants confined to specific compartments within the particle.
Comic book apologia: The “paranoid” rhetoric of congressman George Hansen

Congressman George Hansen, convicted of four felony counts of filing false financial disclosure records, lost his 1984 reelection bid by less than 150 votes. Analyzing Hansen's apologetic rhetoric from the perspective of a generic, “paranoid style” of discourse illuminates why the Congressman was able to defend his character to the satisfaction of nearly one‐half of his constituency. Hansen's case helps to illustrate the development and function of a rhetorical genre in a given, historical context.
Spirituality and the Challenge of Clinical Pluralism: Participatory Thinking in Psychotherapeutic Context

From a secular perspective, emphasizing the theme of spirituality can seem antithetical to the needs of a pluralistically nuanced clinical attitude. This article suggests that, on the contrary, the reticence of the clinical mainstream to more directly embrace spiritual concerns betrays an underlying dogmatism. The theme of spirituality is thus argued to have paradigmatic importance in demonstrating the pluralistic failings of Western psychology. Drawing on recent developments in American psychoanalysis, consideration is given to the theoretical challenges associated with maintaining a pluralistic sensibility in clinical practice. Contemporary psychoanalysis is argued to offer spiritually oriented clinicians an important basis in which to ground practice, yet it is also argued that contemporary psychoanalysis can only hope to more adequately reflect its ostensible commitment to inclusivity by revising its implicit reliance on a secular worldview. Such an undertaking might be achieved by drawing from the recent “participatory turn” in transpersonal psychology to offer a reading of Jung’s work demonstrating the enduring importance of an archetypal approach.
Horace, Ofellus and Philodemus of Gadara in Sermones 2.2

This paper examines Horace’s portrayal in Sermones 2.2 of Ofellus, the poet’s rustic spokesman whose recent loss of property provides the opportunity for an ethical discourse on wealth administration. More specifically, it considers his advice on how to manage wealth within the context of Epicurean ethical doctrines, particularly those of Philodemus of Gadara, who was Horace’s contemporary in Italy and who authored relevant treatises with the concerns of Roman landowners in mind. These concerns involve not only the proper acquisition and use of revenue, which is based on the Epicurean doctrine of observing a “measure of wealth” in connection with the pleasure calculus, but also advice on how to endure financial crises by drawing on the support of a network of close friends, all of which contributes to Ofellus’ own equanimity in the face of misfortune.
Pharmacogenomics-Based Point-of-Care Clinical Decision Support Significantly Alters Drug Prescribing

Changes in behavior are necessary to apply genomic discoveries to practice. We prospectively studied medication changes made by providers representing eight different medicine specialty clinics whose patients had submitted to preemptive pharmacogenomic genotyping. An institutional clinical decision support (CDS) system provided pharmacogenomic results using traffic light alerts: green = genomically favorable, yellow = genomic caution, red = high risk. The influence of pharmacogenomic alerts on prescribing behaviors was the primary endpoint. In all, 2,279 outpatient encounters were analyzed. Independent of other potential prescribing mediators, medications with high pharmacogenomic risk were changed significantly more often than prescription drugs lacking pharmacogenomic information (odds ratio (OR) = 26.2 (9.0-75.3), P < 0.0001). Medications with cautionary pharmacogenomic information were also changed more frequently (OR = 2.4 (1.7-3.5), P < 0.0001). No pharmacogenomically high-risk medications were prescribed during the entire study when physicians consulted the CDS tool. Pharmacogenomic information improved prescribing in patterns aimed at reducing patient risk, demonstrating that enhanced prescription decision-making is achievable through clinical integration of genomic medicine.
Measuring Network Reputation in the Ad-Bidding Process

Online advertising is a multi-billion dollar market, and therefore a target for abuse by Internet criminals. Prior work has shown millions of dollars of advertisers’ capital are lost due to ad abuse and focused on defense from the perspective of the end-host or the local network egress point. We investigate the potential of using public threat data to measure and detect adware and malicious affiliate traffic from the perspective of demand side platforms, which facilitate ad bidding between ad exchanges and advertisers. Our results show that malicious ad campaigns have statistically significant differences in traffic and lookup patterns from benign ones, however, public blacklists can only label a small percentage of ad publishers (0.27%), which suggests new lists dedicated to ad abuse should be created. Furthermore, we show malicious infrastructure on ad exchanges can be tracked with simple graph analysis and maliciousness heuristics.
Cognitive-Affective Interactions in Strategic Decision Making

While making a decision to maximize the expected utility is among the prime examples of human intelligence, the ultimatum game showcases a social dilemma where people sacrifice their economic self-interest in the presence of negative emotions. In the present study, we explore human cognitive-affective interactions in strategic thinking from an integrated neurocomputational perspective. We manipulated participants’ emotions by inducing incidental affective states in the ultimatum game. We found that participants’ rejection rates of unfair offers were significantly lower in positive valence emotions (“happy” and “calm”) than in negative valence emotions (“sad” and “anxious”). In addition, the reduction of rejection rates appeared to be independent of the arousal level (high arousal in “happy” and “anxious” versus low arousal in “calm” and “sad”). Our results suggested that positive valence emotions, by broadening people’s evaluations of decision perspectives and alleviating the perception of unfairness, may help people regain focus on their economic self-interest.
Left-Corner chart parsing

In Chapters 10 and 11 we apply the notion of parsing schemata to define Left-Corner and Head-Corner chart parsers. These two chapters can be read as a separate paper. From the theory that has been developed in Part II, we will use the notation, and the general idea of what a parsing schema is, but not much of the underlying theory.
US Shipbuilding Activities at American River, South Australia: Finding Significance of “Place” in the Maritime Cultural Landscape

Australian maritime archaeologists have approached the maritime cultural landscape in a variety of ways, but to date only a few have used the notion of “place,” or a space ascribed with meaning, to enhance this approach. This chapter will discuss how “place” gives symbolic meaning to the maritime cultural landscape. Using the case study of the schooner Independence, constructed by the crew of the American ship Union on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, during 1803, this chapter explores the significance of the American presence on Kangaroo Island and the construction of Independence through the notion of “place.”
Multiplicative and min processing of experimental passive sonar data from thinned arrays

Sparse arrays reduce the number of sensors required to achieve a specific angular resolution by using sensor spacing greater than the half-wavelength. These undersampled sparse arrays require processing algorithms to eliminate aliasing ambiguities. Thinned arrays are sparse arrays whose sensor positions lie on an underlying equally spaced grid. Using data from a shallow water passive sonar experiment, this paper investigates two thinned array geometries (coprime and nested) along with two processing algorithms (multiplicative and min). Coprime and nested arrays consist of two interleaved Uniform Line Arrays (ULAs) where one or both of the ULAs are undersampled. Multiplicative and min processors combine the outputs of the conventionally-beamformed subarrays to estimate the spatial spectrum. While these nonlinear processors can suppress aliasing, they are often plagued by high sidelobes and cross term interference. This paper presents sparse array designs for a shallow waveguide that require 33% fewer sensors than a fully-sampled ULA and provide significant sidelobe attenuation. Experimental data analysis reveals that cross term interference dominates the spectral estimates for the coprime and nested multiplicative processors and the coprime min processor. The nested min processor outperforms its sparse counterparts due to its ability to contend with coherent multipath in the environment.
Lower resting cardiac autonomic balance in young adults with current major depression.

Research on cardiac autonomic function in major depressive disorder (MDD) has predominantly examined cardiac vagal control and adopted a model of reciprocal autonomic balance. A proposed bivariate autonomic continuum uses cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) models, derived from normalized values of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and pre-ejection period, to more adequately index patterns of autonomic control. The purpose of this study was to assess resting levels of CAB and CAR among young adults with and without a current diagnosis of major depression. One hundred forty-two young adults (n = 65 MDD, n = 77 healthy controls; 20.8 ± 2.6 years) completed a structured diagnostic interview, cardiovascular assessment, and a maximal aerobic fitness test. The findings revealed that CAB, but not CAR, significantly predicted current MDD status (OR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.53, 0.93]), an effect that remained after controlling for aerobic fitness and body mass index. Although CAB was found to be a significant predictor of current MDD status among a sample of young adults, there remained substantial variation in autonomic control that was not captured by the traditional model of reciprocal autonomic balance.
Characterizing Inductance Effects in RLC Trees

The importance of on-chip inductance for single lines has been characterized in [50]-[52] and [69] (see Chapter 5). However, nets in an integrated circuit are often structured as a tree rather than as a single line. Also, the clock distribution network, which is common to all synchronous digital circuitry, is typically tree structured. The performance of an integrated circuit therefore heavily depends upon the design of the clock distribution network where the most accurate interconnect models are required. It is shown in this chapter that a branch of a tree cannot be treated as a single line for the purpose of evaluating inductance effects. Rather, the entire tree should be examined for inductance effects as a single structure since a large interaction occurs among the different branches. It is therefore shown that applying a single line analysis to an RLC tree can cause misleading conclusions.
Evaluation of the cracking and aging susceptibility of asphalt mixtures using viscoelastic properties and master curve parameters

Abstract Aging can significantly affect the performance of asphalt mixtures, causing increase in stiffness, reduction in relaxation capability and increase in cracking susceptibility. It is also well known that fundamental viscoelastic properties are used for design and modelling of asphalt mixtures and pavement structures to addressing rutting, fatigue and thermal cracking concerns. The objective of this paper is to study how the viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixture change over time, and evaluate and identify the cracking and aging susceptibility of asphalt mixtures with different mix variables during material selection and mixture design. Ten mixtures are evaluated using different laboratory conditioning protocols to simulate a range of aging levels in the field. The complex modulus test is then conducted on the lab aged mixtures to measure the viscoelastic properties in order to construct the dynamic modulus and phase angle master curves. The mixture Glover-Rowe (G-Rm) parameter and the shape parameters of the dynamic modulus and phase angle master curves, including inflection point frequency (−β/γ), difference between the glassy modulus and the inflection point modulus (γ), peak value of phase angle (a) and the horizontal position (frequency) of the peak phase angle value (c), are determined and evaluated for the mixtures with different aging conditions and mix variables. The study indicates the ability of the G-Rm parameter and all the master curve shape parameters to capture the effect of different aging conditions on linear viscoelastic mixture properties, as well as the cracking and aging susceptibility of asphalt mixtures.
Translation of Wang Yinglin’s Sanzijing 三字經 (Three Character Classic)

This chapter provides a new English translation of the celebrated Confucian children’s primer, the Three Character Classic (Sanzijing 三字經), published in the thirteenth century by Wang Yinglin. Wang’s children’s primer not only served to teach children how to read, but it sought to imbue children with the hallowed tenets of Neo-Confucianism. This work served as a child’s introduction to learning until the late nineteenth century, and was structured in easily memorized triplets of Chinese characters.
Multidimensional Sleep Health: Concepts, Advances, and Implications for Research and Intervention

Abstract The new paradigm of multidimensional sleep health (‘sleep health’) offers both challenges and opportunities for sleep science. Buysse (2014) has described sleep health to be multidimensional, framed as positive attributes, operationalizable into composite measures of global sleep health, sensitive to upstream exposures, and consequential for downstream health. We highlight two paradigm-shifting effects of a multidimensional sleep health perspective. The first is the use of composite sleep metrics which i) enable quantification of population shifts in sleep health, ii) with possibly reduced measurement error, iii) greater statistical stability, and iv) reduced multiple-testing burdens. The second is that sleep dimensions do not occur in isolation, that is, they are commonly biologically or statistically dependent. These dependencies complicate hypothesis tests yet can be leveraged to inform scale construction, model interpretation, and inform targeted interventions. To illustrate these points, we i) extended Buysse’s Ru SATED model; ii) constructed a conceptual model of sleep health; and iii) showed exemplar analyses from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n=735). Our findings support that sleep health is a distinctively useful paradigm to facilitate interpretation of a multitude of sleep dimensions. Nonetheless, the field of sleep health is still undergoing rapid development and is currently limited by: i) a lack of evidence-based cut-offs for defining optimal sleep health; ii) longitudinal data to define utility for predicting health outcomes; and iii) methodological research to inform how to best combine multiple dimensions for robust and reproducible composites.
Fundamental Characteristics of an Air-Assisted Direct Injection Combustion System as Applied to 4-Stroke Automotive Gasoline Engines (2000-01-0256)

Gasoline direct injection technology is rapidly evolving. At present, there does not exist a dominant combustion system, however many believe that the ultimate system will be spray or jet guided. These combustion systems rely on an ignitable mixture being promoted directly from the injection source to the spark plug gap location. Very small droplet sizes, coupled with low penetration rates and diffuse sprays, characteristic of air-assisted direct injection systems, are ideally suited to these spray guided combustion systems. The ability of the air assisted system to function with the spark plug directly in the injected spray without plug fouling problems is testament to the quality of fuel preparation enabled by the dual fluid injection process. This paper presents the findings of some fundamental characterisation of Orbital’s low pressure air-assisted, spray guided combustion system, including effects of injection pressure, injected gas composition, and incylinder charge motion. The results presented demonstrate the ability of the system to operate in highly stratified conditions at very lean A/F ratios with an injection pressure of only 6.5bar. As well, the direct injected air is identified as playing an important role at part load conditions by increasing combustion stability when using high EGR levels, enabling the simultaneous achievement of low fuel consumption and low raw engine emissions. The injected air is also instrumental in providing “soft” stratification gradients which result in excellent stability and high levels of robustness, both of which are important in ensuring easy transition from engine testcell to vehicle platforms.