cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mothers' Responses to the Cries of Normal and Premature Infants as a Function of the Birth Status of Their Own Child

Mothers of premature and full-term infants viewed and heard videotapes of premature and full-term infants. The onset of crying by both infants elicited physiological arousal (evident in blood pressure, skin conductance, and heart rate increases) in the adults. The mothers of premature infants responded with especially marked arousal to the infants’ cries. These mothers also reported that they were more attentive and alert while the infant was crying. The subjects responded similarly to the cries of full-term and premature infants. Mothers who described their own baby as easy exhibited a lower increase in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, and reported being more alert, attentive, and willing to interact with the stimulus babies than those whose own baby appeared “difficult.”
Optimum transmission strategy for power saving in fading channels

An optimum transmission strategy in a fading channel with known channel side information at the transmitter and receiver is addressed. The Shannon channel capacity is reformulated based on dynamic programming and it is demonstrated how this model can extend the information-theoretic domain for solving the channel capacity when a closed-form solution cannot be found.
Diffusion-driven instability in a predator-prey system with time-varying diffusivities

We consider an ecological model by Levin and Segel (1976) for predator-prey planktonic species, which consists of two reaction-diffusion equations, and extend it to plankton populations with time-varying diffusivities. The local stability of uniform equilibria is examined both analytically and numerically. It is found that diffusive instability is less likely to occur in systems with time-varying diffusivity than those with constant diffusivity.
Design and performance analysis of a hybrid solar tricycle for a sustainable local commute

Abstract Fossil-fueled transportation is the main type of transportation used all over the world. Transportation in the United States consumes almost one third of global transportation energy and is one of the major contributors to CO 2 emissions. To deal with ever increasing environmental pollution and reduce energy consumption, a solar Trike design is presented in this paper to offer an alternative means of transportation. The solar Trike offers a higher occupancy rate, speed and travel range that can satisfy the needs of the local commute. The design, economics, sustainability and performance analysis of the solar Trike is presented in this paper. The dimension and power requirement of the solar-powered tricycle was determined based on aerodynamic force, rolling resistance, expected payload, travel velocity and distance and solar irradiance. A CAD model was built and analyzed for sustainability before building the prototype. Test run results of the prototype suggested the technical feasibility and practical applicability of the design. An LCA was performed to evaluate environmental impacts during various stages of the product life: manufacturing to disposal using SolidWorks Sustainability software. Manufacturing, operating and environmental costs are analyzed for economic viability of the design. The annual costs of CO 2 emissions, design and installation, annual maintenance, and costs to store the power for one full charge amount to $417. With a travel range of 37.1 km on a full charge, the proposed solar-powered tricycle is able to meet more than 90% of all trip distances in the USA. The proposed solar powered tricycle reduces energy consumption by more than 41%, as well as decreases CO 2 emissions by more than 75%, in comparison with the railroad, the best mode of existing transportation.
CD4 nadir is a predictor of HIV neurocognitive impairment in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: Despite immune recovery in individuals on combination antiretroviraltherapy (CART), the frequency of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs)remains high. Immune recovery is typically achieved after initiation of ART from thenadir, or the lowest historical CD4. The present study evaluated the probability ofneuropsychological impairment (NPI) andHAND as a function of CD4nadir in an HIV-positive cohort.Methods: One thousand ﬁve hundred and twenty-ﬁve HIV-positive participantsenrolled in CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research, a multisite, observationalstudy that completed comprehensive neurobehavioral and neuromedical evaluations,including a neurocognitive test battery covering seven cognitive domains. Amongimpaired individuals, HAND was diagnosed if NPI could not be attributed to comor-bidities.CD4nadirwasobtainedbyself-reportorobservation.Potentialmodiﬁersoftherelationship between CD4 nadir and HAND, including demographic and HIV diseasecharacteristics, were assessed in univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: The median CD4 nadir (cells/ml) was 172, and 52% had NPI. Among impairedparticipants,603(75%)hadHAND.HigherCD4nadirswereassociatedwithloweroddsofNPIsuchthatforevery5-unitincreaseinsquare-rootCD4nadir,theoddsofNPIwerereduced by 10%. In 589 virally suppressed participants on ART, higher CD4 nadir wasassociated with lower odds of NPI after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors.Conclusion: As the risk of NPI was lowest in patients whose CD4 cell count was neverallowedtofalltolowlevelsbeforeCARTinitiation,ourﬁndingssuggestthatinitiationofCARTasearlyaspossiblemightreducetheriskofdevelopingHAND,themostcommonsource of NPI among HIV-infected individuals.
Cognition and academic achievement: The relationship of the Cognitive Levels Test, the Keymath Revised, and the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests‐Revised

This study evaluated the ability of the Cognitive Levels Test to estimate current achievement in mathematics (as measured by the KeyMath Revised) and reading (as measured by the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised) among a group of normal children attending a private school. The validity coefficients resulting from the analysis indicated that the Cognitive Levels Test scores were moderately to highly correlated with the WRMT-R and KMR, respectively. Repeated-measures analyses of variance yielded no significant main effect for the CLT/KMR scores, but did identify a main effect for the CLT/WRMT-R scores. Follow-up multiple comparisons revealed one significant difference between the various mean scores: The CLT Verbal Reasoning mean was significantly greater than the WRMT-R Passage Comprehension mean. Given the substantial correlations and generally nonsignificant differences between mean scores, the results were judged as strong evidence of the validity of the CLT for the purpose of estimating math and reading achievement.
Morphology of a thermotropic random terpolymer liquid crystal polymer crystallized in the bulk: compression mouldings, extrudates and fibres

Abstract The morphology of extruded pellets, compression and injection moulded articles, and melt spun fibres of a random liquid crystal terpolymer has been investigated. Etching and self-decoration techniques have been used, which reveal a lamellar morphology in bulk samples. The lamellae, ranging from 50 to 1800 A in thickness depending on the preparation technique, are oriented perpendicular to the fibre or extrusion direction in melt spun fibres and extruded pellets. Extruded pellets are analogous to a composite material with 0.2–1.8 μm diameter ‘fibres’ of the liquid crystal being embedded in a less oriented matrix; greater alignment of the lamellae is observed in the ‘fibres’. The thickness of the lamellae observed in melt spun fibres ranged from 500 to 800 A. Thinner lamellae (50–130 Ǎ) are observed on the surface of compression moulded specimens with thicker (200–1800 A), presumably extended chain lamellae in the interior. The thickness and degree of alignment, or order, of the lamellae is dependent on the cooling rate. Selected area electron diffraction confirms that the chain axes are perpendicular to the lamellae.
Honey I Love You, but … Investigating the Causes of the Earnings Penalty of Being a Tied-migrant Military Spouse

Prior empirical research on the earnings penalty of being a tied-migrant has focused primarily on the working wives of servicemen. Over the last couple of decades the increased number of women in the armed forces makes it feasible to study the earnings of another group of tied-migrants, the husbands of servicewomen. Using data from the 2000 U.S. Census, Sample Edited Detail File (SEDF), we show that there is a consistently lower age-earnings pattern for military husbands as well as wives. These annual earnings patterns capture the essence of, but do not provide an explanation for, the observed annual earnings differences. These differences are evaluated using multivariate analysis accounting for sample selectivity. Moreover, decomposition analysis strongly suggests that demand-side factors account for a greater portion of the differences in annual earnings than has been previously acknowledged and, therefore, that retention might respond favorably to job matching assistance and/or employer hiring incentiv...
Random access sensor networks: Field reconstruction from incomplete data

We address efficient data gathering from a network of distributed sensors deployed in a challenging field environment with limited power and bandwidth. Utilizing the low-rank property of the sensing field, we leverage results from the matrix completion theory to integrate the sensing procedure with a simple and robust communication scheme based on random channel access. Results show that the space-time map of the sensing field can be recovered efficiently, using only a small subset of sensor measurements, collected over a fading random access channel.
A Mutation Associated with Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in the Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (RyR2-V2475F) Yields a Highly Arrhythmogenic Channel

Mutations in RYR2, the gene encoding for the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), are associated with Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT), an arrhythmogenic syndrome characterized by the development of adrenergically-mediated ventricular tachycardia in individuals with an apparently normal heart. CPVT-associated mutations are proposed to result in hyperactive RyR2 channels that “leak” Ca2+ excessively during diastole, thus creating a favorable substrate for the development of tachyarrhythmias; however, the vast majority of RYR2 mutations (∼70) fall within three domains of the RyR2 protein that control several aspects of channel function, including Ca2+ regulation, phosphorylation, e-c coupling, and FKBP12.6 interaction, among others, thus, a single molecular mechanism of arrhythmogenesis appears unlikely. We expressed CPVT-associated RyR2 mutations, R176Q, R414C, V2475F and G4671R in HEK293 cells and performed [3H]ryanodine binding and single channel experiments to determine the Ca2+ dependence of wild type (WT) and CPVT-associated RyR2 mutants. Surprisingly, R176Q, R414C and G4671R yielded no apparent phenotype and displayed Ca2+-activation profiles identical to WT, with threshold for activation at ∼pCa7 and maximal activation at ∼pCa5. Conversely, V2475F departed from the above mutants and displayed a significantly higher activity at pCa7 (diastolic [Ca2+]), suggesting a more severe phenotype for this mutation. Insertion of the V2475F mutation in the murine RYR2 gene yielded mice with moderate cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, β-adrenergic stimulation of isolated hearts with isoproterenol induced tachyarrhythmias and fibrillation to a significantly higher extent than in WT mice. Thus, the V2475F mutation yields a highly arrhythmogenic RyR2 channel that induces some structural remodeling. These findings demonstrate that there is heterogeneity of channel dysfunction among CPVT mutants, and that the severity of the dysfunction probably stems from the location of the mutation.
Modeling triggered cardiac activity : An analysis of the interactions between potassium blockade, rhythm pauses, and cellular coupling

It is known that under certain conditions, a combination of potassium channel blockade, sympathetic nervous activity, and pauses in sinus rhythm can increase the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias. Although the arrhythmogenic interactions of these three factors are not completely understood, it is believed that the associated arrhythmias may be initiated by afterpotentials via a process that we refer to as propagated triggered activity. Using a two-cell computational model of ventricular action potential kinetics, we simulate nonuniform potassium blockade, sympathetic nervous activity, and pauses in sinus rhythm under conditions of hypokalemia. Under these conditions, the two-cell model suggests that (1) the arrhythmogenic interactions of potassium blockade and sympathetic nervous activity are highly dependent on heart rate; (2) triggered activity induced by potassium blockade would most likely occur during a pause in sinus rhythm; (3) during a sufficiently large pause in sinus rhythm, potassium blockade can induce triggered activity at normal levels of sympathetic activity; and (4) potassium blockade can increase the probability of triggered activity only if heart rate falls within a critical range. We also show that during pauses in sinus rhythm, two-cell triggering interactions between potassium blockade and sympathetic activity closely parallel the parametric displacement of the dynamic instability underlying the afterpotentials. Our results indicate that the behavior of the triggering mechanism studied here is consistent with that of pause-induced arrhythmias.
Tu1681 Endoscopic Ultrasound for Diagnosing Pancreatic Cancer in the Absence of a Definitive Mass on Multi-Detector CT: a Meta-Analysis

intervals for patients who would otherwise undergo close surveillance or surgery per ICG recommendations. IMP also accurately identifies patients at high risk for malignancy, thereby providing evidence that immediate surgery consultation or close surveillance is necessary.References[1] Al-Haddad, M. A., Kowalski, T., Siddiqui, A., et al. Endoscopy 2014; EFirst.[2] Tanaka M, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Adsay V, et al. Pancreatology 2012; 12:183.
Effect of Adhesive Thickness on Interfacial Fracture of Bonded Steel Joints

The interfacial fracture of bonded structures is a critical issue for the extensive applications to a variety of modern industries. In the recent two decades, nonlinear fracture mechanics methods have been receiving intensive attentions for adhesively bonded joints. Extensive experimental efforts have been made to determine the toughness of adhesive joints. Several experimental studies have also been conducted to determine the interface cohesive law in bonded joints. However, very few studies investigated the effect of adhesive thickness on the interface cohesive laws. In the cohesive law, both fracture energy and the interfacial cohesive strength, as two critical parameters, have significant effect on the fracture behavior and joint’s structural capability. The present study presents the experimental investigation into how the adhesive’s thickness affect these two important parameters with the nonlinear fracture mechanics. At the mean time, the equivalent interface cohesive laws are experimentally determined for the bonded joints with various adhesive thicknesses. The experimental cohesive laws may provide valuable baseline data for simple analytical and numerical cohesive zone models. With the test results, the mechanism for the intrinsic fracture energy and plastic energy dissipation is discussed. Several other interesting conclusions are also obtained.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Safety and Efficacy of Autologous Cell Therapy in Critical Limb Ischemia: A Systematic Review:

Researchers have accumulated a decade of experience with autologous cell therapy in the treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI). We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials in the literature to determine the safety and efficacy of cell therapy in CLI. We searched the literature for clinical trials of autologous cell therapy in CLI, including observational series of five or more patients to accrue a large pool of patients for safety analysis. Safety analysis included evaluation of death, cancer, unregulated angiogenesis, and procedural adverse events such as bleeding. Efficacy analysis included the clinical endpoints amputation and death as well as functional and surrogate endpoints. We identified 45 clinical trials, including seven RCTs, and 1,272 patients who received cell therapy. The overall adverse event rate was low (4.2%). Cell therapy patients did not have a higher mortality rate than control patients and demonstrated no increase in cancer incidence when analyzed against population rates. With regard to efficacy, cell therapy patients had a significantly lower amputation rate than control patients (OR 0.36, p = 0.0004). Cell therapy also demonstrated efficacy in a variety of functional and surrogate outcomes. Clinical trials differed in the proportion of patients with risk factors for clinical outcomes, and these influenced rates of amputation and death. Cell therapy presents a favorable safety profile with a low adverse event rate and no increase in severe events such as mortality and cancer and treatment with cell therapy decreases the risk of amputation. Cell therapy has a positive benefit-to-risk ratio in CLI and may be a valuable treatment option, particularly for those challenging patients who cannot undergo arterial reconstruction.
Repeat coronary angiography in patients with chest pain and previously normal coronary angiogram

Abstract Patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms (1) have excellent long-term survival and (2) are unlikely over the ensuing years to develop clinically significant atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Specifically, of the 17 subjects with a previously normal coronary angiogram who had repeat angiography an average of almost 9 years later, 15 showed no appearance of coronary artery disease. Only 2 developed single-vessel coronary artery disease, 1 of whom had a myocardial infarction. In our opinion, repeat coronary angiography in a patient with a previously normal coronary angiogram should be reserved for those with objective evidence of spontaneous or provocable ischemia.
A phase I study of thymoglobulin for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma

Despite much progress, the prognosis for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) remains poor. Novel therapies including the immunomodulatory agents and proteasome inhibitors h...
Algorithm Implementation for a Prototype Time-Encoded Signature Detector

The authors constructed a prototype Time-Encoded Signature (TES) system, complete with automated detection algorithms that can be used to detect point-like gamma-ray sources in search applications where detectors observe large variability in background count rates beyond statistical (Poisson) noise. The person-carried system consists of two cesium iodide scintillators placed on opposite sides of a lead shield. This geometry mitigates systematic background variation and induces a unique signature upon encountering point-like sources. This manuscript focuses on the development of detection algorithms that identify point-source signatures while remaining computationally simple. The latter constraint derives from the instrument's mobile (and thus low power) operation. The authors evaluated algorithms using both simulated and field data. The results of this analysis demonstrate the capability to detect sources at a wide range of source-detector distances using computationally simple algorithms.
The War on Terror: Forgotten Lessons From World War II

Setting Priorities In World War II, the Roosevelt administration believed that Nazi Germany was its most dangerous opponent. Administration officials reasoned that only Germany could possibly conquer Great Britain, and Britain’s demise would open the whole Atlantic region to German dominion and leave the United States dangerously exposed. The administration therefore adopted a “Germany First” strategy, under which it focused its power first against Germany, while only checking Japan in Asia; and concentrated on defeating Japan only after Germany was beaten.3
The Sulfate Moieties of Glycosaminoglycans Are Critical for the Enhancement of β‐Amyloid Protein Fibril Formation

Our previous studies have demonstrated that perlecan and perlecan-derived glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) not only bind beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) 1-40 and 1-42, but are also potent enhancers of Abeta fibril formation and stabilize amyloid fibrils once formed. However, it was not determined which moieties in perlecan heparan sulfate GAG chains may be responsible for the observed effects and whether other GAGs were also capable of a similar enhancement of Abeta fibril formation as observed with perlecan GAGs. In the present study, thioflavin T fluorometry (over a 1-week period) was used to extend our previous studies and to test the hypothesis that the sulfate moiety is critical for the enhancing effects of heparin/heparan sulfate GAGs on Abeta 1-40 fibrillogenesis. This hypothesis was confirmed when removal of all sulfates from heparin (i.e., completely desulfated N-acetylated heparin) led to a complete loss in the enhancement of Abeta fibrillogenesis as demonstrated in both thioflavin T fluorometry and Congo red staining studies. On the other hand, removal of O-sulfate from heparin (i.e., completely desulfated N-sulfated heparin), and to a lesser extent N-sulfate (i.e., N-desulfated N-acetylated heparin), resulted in only a partial loss of the enhancement of Abeta 1-40 fibril formation. These studies indicate that the sulfate moieties of GAGs are critical for enhancement of Abeta amyloid fibril formation. In addition, other sulfated molecules such as chondroitin-4-sulfate, dermatan sulfate, dextran sulfate, and pentosan polysulfate all significantly enhanced (greater than twofold by 3 days) Abeta amyloid fibril formation. These latter findings indicate that deposition and accumulation of other GAGs at sites of Abeta amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease brain may also participate in the enhancement of Abeta amyloidosis.
Theorizing Parasocial Interactions Based on Authenticity: The Development of a Media Figure Classification Scheme

The relationships viewers develop with media figures have received substantial attention in the scholarship of entertainment. The present research proposes an original four-dimension classification scheme of media figures theoretically based on authenticity across dimensions of depiction (live action vs. animated), story (fiction vs. nonfiction), form (human vs. nonhuman), and traits (super vs. normal). This classification addresses limitations from previous parasocial interaction (PSI) models and creates an exhaustive taxonomy of the types of media figures with whom viewers can develop PSIs. Implications for how the classification scheme informs identity formation, social comparisons with media figures, perceptions of social reality, maintenance of PSIs, and media enjoyment will be discussed.
Mexican Immigration and Health Care: A Political Economy Perspective

This paper examines the case of Mexican immigrants in the United States and their access to medical services within a political economy of health framework. Such an approach stresses that the provision of health care is independent of health factors per se and that access to health care is not equally distributed throughout a population. The first section reviews the three major concepts influencing medical anthropologists working within a political economy framework: the social origins of illness; the allocation of health resources; and fieldwork in Third World countries. The analysis then focuses upon the reasons for limiting immigrants' access to health care, followed by an examination of the socioeconomic characteristics of Mexican immigrants, including an undocumented immigration status, which limit their access to health care. Finally, the consequences of limited access to health services are suggested, including a low utilization of preventive health services resulting from the high cost of care combined with the immigrants' generally low income, lack of medical insurance and fear of using U.S. health services.
Red Power: Liselotte Welskopf-Henrich and Indian Activist Networks in East and West Germany

A curious photograph appeared in 1976 in the East-German newspaper Junge Welt (Fig. 1). Two well-known members of the American Indian Movement (AIM), Dennis Banks and Vernon Bellecourt, were shown together with an elderly German woman, Liselotte Welskopf-Henrich, at her home in East Berlin. This photo, like so many of the photos of Indians in unexpected places, always seems to amuse people, leading them to ask with a snigger why the Indians were there. The Indians' presence in such places, however, is seldom a laughing matter, and in this case, scholars of the post-war era might find the answer to the simple question of the Indians' presence somewhat disconcerting.
Epilogue: Shifting Baselines for the Future

No one needed to “manage” fish when people were few and fishing pressures were low. Indeed, as Andy Rosenberg is fond of pointing out, the concept of managing fish is fundamentally absurd. Fish can’t read the regulations and they don’t go to management meetings, people do. So we must manage people in order to restore the fish, fisheries, and ecosystems that we value.
Two distinct cytolytic mechanisms of macrophages and monocytes activated by phorbol myristate acetate.

Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) and peripheral blood monocytes (PBMO) of the miniature swine can be converted to cytolytically active effector cells by treating with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as determined by enhancement of cytotoxicity to various target cells. Kinetics of the PMA-actlvated PAM and PBMO in cytotoxicity show that the effective PMA concentration ranges from 10 to 1,000 ng/ml. Induction of cytotoxlc macrophages and monocytes occurred as early as 30 mm and to their maximum cytotoxicity after 1 hr exposure to PMA and the enhanced cytotoxic activity persisted up to 24 to 40 hr when PMA was removed by washing after 1 hr exposure, but prolonged exposure to PMA for more than 6 hr resulted in a drastic decrease of cytolytic activities suggesting the prolonged exposure to PMA causes macrophages and monocytes to become refractory to PMA stimulation. Target cells displayed varying degrees of cytotoxic sensitivity to the PMA-activated PAM and PBMO; PRBC, SRBC, and K562 were sensitive, WEHI-164 and U937 were relatively sensitive, and SB was very resistant to these activated effector cells. The mechanisms of PMA-lnduced cytotoxicity could largely be divided Into two categories. One was the H202 mediated killing as shown by complete reduction of cytotoxicity after adding catalase in the assay. The other was the proteases mediated cytolysis, which could be blocked by protease inhibitors, Phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and N- a-p-tosyl-L-lysine chioromethyl ketone (TLCK). H202 was the only mediator produced in large enough quantities from PBMO to kill target cells, whereas PAM could produce both mediators (H202 and proteases). PRBC, SRBC, and K562 appeared to be killed by H202 produced by PAM and PBMO. In contrast, U937 and WEHI-164 appeared to be killed by proteases in PAM mediated cytolysis but by H202 in PBMO-mediated cytolysis. These results suggest that the observed cytolytic mechanisms can be differed by type of target cells as well as the source of mononuclear phagocytes within the Individual animal.
Short, Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (−)‐8‐Demethoxyrunanine and (−)‐Cepharatines A, C, and D

All together! A unified synthetic strategy has resulted in the first enantioselective total syntheses of the natural products 8-demethoxyrunanine and cepharatines A, C, and D.
An iterative combinational logic synthesis technique using spectral information

The spectral information of a Boolean function provides data regarding the correlation between the input variables and the output of the function. A spectral based methodology for combinational logic synthesis using linear transforms is introduced. An analysis of the properties of the spectra obtained from these transforms is provided and a synthesis algorithm using spectral techniques is presented. This result is significant since it provides an algebraic method for including XOR gates in the synthesis process without resorting to manipulation of symbolic Boolean equations. >
Modeling of drosophila circadian system based on locomotor activity

Due to the 24-hour lighting-dark cycle on earth, circadian rhythm regulates the biochemical and physiological processes of almost all living organisms, including plants, insects, and mammals. Maintaining the regular cyclicity of this internal clock, called entrainment, is important to the well being of an organism. For human, circadian disruption can lead to lower productivity, digestive problems, decreased sleep efficiency and other health problems. Various models have been proposed for the circadian rhythm, from empirical oscillator type models to genetic network based biochemical models. These models are used to gain insight into the mechanism governing the circadian rhythm, but may also be used to formulate light-based control strategies for its regulation. As a first step towards our eventual goal of light based circadian rhythm regulation for human, we are conducting experiments with drosophila (fruit fly), measuring the interaction between light intensity and wavelength and its locomotive activity level. Instead of the high order biochemical models proposed in the past, we consider a second order empirical oscillator model, with light intensity as input and activity as the output. By first entraining the flies in a regular rhythm and then observe the effect of light pulses, we are able to identify the model parameters based on the input/output experimental data. The model shows promising predictive capability: Our simulation shows that two blue pulses can shift the phase of drosophila circadian pacemaker by 12 hours, while the experiment result is 13.3 hours.
The relative contributions of frontal and parietal cortex for generalized quantifier comprehension.

Quantifiers, like “some” or “few”, are frequent in daily language. Linguists posit at least three distinct classes of quantifiers: cardinal quantifiers that rely on numerosity, majority quantifiers that additionally depend on executive resources, and logical quantifiers that rely on perceptual attention. We used BOLD fMRI to investigate the roles of frontal and parietal regions in quantifier comprehension. Participants performed a sentence-picture verification task to determine whether a sentence containing a quantifier accurately describes a picture. A whole-brain analysis identified a network involved in quantifier comprehension: This implicated bilateral inferior parietal, superior parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, and right inferior frontal cortex. We then performed region-of-interest analyses to assess the relative contribution of each region for each quantifier class. Inferior parietal cortex was equally activated across all quantifier classes, consistent with prior studies implicating the region for quantifier comprehension due in part to its role in the representation of number knowledge. Right superior parietal cortex was up-regulated in comparison to frontal regions for cardinal and logical quantifiers, but parietal and frontal regions were equally activated for majority quantifiers and each frontal region is most highly activated for majority quantifiers. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that majority quantifiers rely on numerosity mechanisms in parietal cortex and executive mechanisms in frontal cortex. Also, right inferior frontal cortex was up-regulated for logical compared to cardinal quantifiers, which may be related to selection demands associated with logical quantifier comprehension. We conclude that distinct components of a large-scale fronto-parietal network contribute to specific aspects of quantifier comprehension, and that this biologically-defined network is consistent with cognitive theories of quantifier meaning.
Multistate Workers and Their State Tax Liabilities

ABSTRACT: The lack of uniformity of state laws applicable to employer withholding and their employees who work in multiple states has created a cumbersome compliance burden, not only for employers, but also for employees. This paper discusses the state tax ramifications associated with an employer having employees who work from a different state, and employers who have employees who perform services in multiple states. The paper also looks at proposed remedies for the mobile workforce issue, including proposed federal legislation and the Multistate Tax Commission's proposal addressing the issue. The paper considers whether Congress has authority under the Commerce Clause to regulate this issue. The paper concludes with alternative recommendations to consider as a workable solution.
Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Transperineal Cryoablation in the Treatment of Prostate Carcinoma: Preliminary Results

AbstractPurpose: We studied ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoablation for treatment of prostate carcinoma.Materials and Methods: Our series includes 83 individuals who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal percutaneous cryoablation of the prostate. Prostate specific antigen levels, biopsy results and complications were assessed at 3 months.Results: Of 61 biopsies 8 (13.1 percent) were positive for carcinoma (half showed stage D disease). Of patients with stages T1 to T3 cancer 92.6 percent were free of disease at 3 months. Prostate specific antigen levels were significantly decreased by an average of 1.90 ng./ml. (p less than 0.05). Major complications were infrequent, including bladder perforation in 1 patient, urethral strictures in 3, bladder outlet obstruction in 2 and partial incontinence in 2. Impotence was frequent but transient.Conclusions: Transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal percutaneous cryoablation of the prostate produces few major complications and appears at 3 month...
When States Act Like Movements Dismantling Local Power and Seating Sovereignty in Post-Neoliberal Bolivia

Ethnographic approaches to sovereignty have focused on de jure or de facto practices and relations of rule constituted through culturally mediated violence inscribing incorporation or exclusion ont...
Albusin B, a Bacteriocin from the Ruminal Bacterium Ruminococcus albus 7 That Inhibits Growth of Ruminococcus flavefaciens

An ∼32-kDa protein (albusin B) that inhibited growth of Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 was isolated from culture supernatants of Ruminococcus albus 7. Traditional cloning and gene-walking PCR techniques revealed an open reading frame (albB) encoding a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 32,168 Da. A BLAST search revealed two homologs of AlbB from the unfinished genome of R. albus 8 and moderate similarity to LlpA, a recently described 30-kDa bacteriocin from Pseudomonas sp. strain BW11M1.
On the performance of a polarization sensitive adaptive array

The ability of a least mean square (LMS) adaptive array to adapt to the electromagnetic polarization of incoming signals is considered. An array of two pairs of crossed dipoles is studied. A desired signal and an interference signal are assumed to arrive from arbitrary directions with arbitrary elliptical polarizations. The output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) from the array is computed as a function of the signal angles of arrival and polarizations. It is shown that as long as certain special desired signal polarizations are avoided, the array is difficult to jam with a single interference signal. To produce a poor SINR, an interference signal must both arrive from the same direction and have the same polarization as the desired signal.
DNA-Mutation Inventory to Refine and Enhance Cancer Treatment (DIRECT): A Catalog of Clinically Relevant Cancer Mutations to Enable Genome-Directed Anticancer Therapy

Purpose: Tumor gene mutation status is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of patients with cancer. A comprehensive catalog of tumor gene–response outcomes from individual patients is needed, especially for actionable mutations and rare variants. We created a proof-of-principle database [DNA-mutation Inventory to Refine and Enhance Cancer Treatment (DIRECT)], starting with lung cancer-associated EGF receptor (EGFR) mutations, to provide a resource for clinicians to prioritize treatment decisions based on a patient9s tumor mutations at the point of care. Methods: A systematic search of literature published between June 2005 and May 2011 was conducted through PubMed to identify patient-level, mutation–drug response in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutant tumors. Minimum inclusion criteria included patient9s EGFR mutation, corresponding treatment, and an associated radiographic outcome. Results: A total of 1,021 patients with 1,070 separate EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy responses from 116 different publications were included. About 188 unique EGFR mutations occurring in 207 different combinations were identified: 149 different mutation combinations were associated with disease control and 42 were associated with disease progression. Four secondary mutations, in 16 different combinations, were associated with acquired resistance. Conclusions: As tumor sequencing becomes more common in oncology, this comprehensive electronic catalog can enable genome-directed anticancer therapy. DIRECT will eventually encompass all tumor mutations associated with clinical outcomes on targeted therapies. Users can make specific queries at http://www.mycancergenome.org/about/direct to obtain clinically relevant data associated with various mutations. Clin Cancer Res; 19(7); 1894–901. ©2013 AACR .
CUL2 Is Required for the Activity of Hypoxia-inducible Factor and Vasculogenesis

CULLIN 2 (CUL2) is a component of the ElonginB/C-CUL2-RBX-1-Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor complex that ubiquitinates and degrades hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα). HIFα is a transcription factor that mediates the expression of hypoxia-sensitive genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which in turn regulates vasculogenesis. Whereas CUL2 participates in the degradation of HIFα, the potential role of CUL2 in the regulation of other cellular processes is less well established. In the present study, suppression of CUL2 expression by Cul2 siRNA inhibited HIFα transcriptional activation of the VEGF gene in vitro, indicating that CUL2 plays a role distinct from its known function in HIFα degradation. Because ARNT heterodimerizes with HIFα, we assessed whether CUL2 influenced ARNT expression. Cul2 siRNA inhibited the expression of endogenous ARNT. Ectopically expressed ARNT reversed the inhibition of HIF activity by Cul2 siRNA in the VEGF promoter, suggesting that CUL2 regulates HIF activation through ARNT. In 786-O cells lacking VHL, Cul2 siRNA suppressed the expression of both ARNT and VEGF, indicating that CUL2 regulates HIF activity independently of VHL. In transgenic zebrafish expressing GFP driven by the Flk promoter (a known HIF target), zCul2 morpholino blocked embryonic vasculogenesis in a manner similar to that caused by inhibition of VEGF-A. In the zebrafish embryos, zCul2 inhibited the expression of CUL2, VEGF, and Flk-GFP protein, indicating that CUL2 is required for expression of other vasculogenic HIF targets. Taken together, CUL2 is required for normal vasculogenesis, at least in part mediated by its regulation of HIF-mediated transcription.
Generic object detection using model based segmentation

This paper presents a novel approach for detection and segmentation of generic shapes in cluttered images. The underlying assumption is that generic objects that are man made, frequently have surfaces which closely resemble standard model shapes such as rectangles, semi-circles etc. Due to the perspective transformations of optical imaging systems, a model shape may appear differently in the image with various orientations and aspect ratios. The set of possible appearances can be represented compactly by a few vectorial eigenbases that are derived from a small set of model shapes which are affine transformed in a wide parameter range. Instead of regular boundary of standard models, we apply a vectorial boundary which improves robustness to noise, background clutter and partial occlusion. The detection of generic shapes is realized by detecting local peaks of a similarity measure between the image edge map and an eigenspace combined set of the appearances. At each local maxima, a fast search approach based on a novel representation by an angle space is employed to determine the best matching between models and the underlying subimage. We find that angular representation in multidimensional search corresponds better to Euclidean distance than conventional projection and yields improved classification of noisy shapes. Experiments are performed in various interfering distortions, and robust detection and segmentation are achieved.
Discovery and Use of Online Learning Resources: Case Study Findings

Much recent research and funding have focused on building Internet-based repositories that contain collections of high-quality learning resources, often called ‘learning objects.’ Yet little is known about how non-specialist users, in particular teachers, find, access, and use digital learning resources. To address this gap, this article describes a case study of mathematics and science teachers’ practices and desires surrounding the discovery, selection, and use of digital library resources for instructional purposes. Findings suggest that the teacher participants used a broad range of search strategies in order to find resources that they deemed were age-appropriate, current, and accurate. They intended to include these resources with little modifications into planned instructional activities. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for improving the design of educational digital library systems, including tools supporting resource reuse.
Voting is the Best Revenge: How Violent Metaphors Shape Voter Turnout

Political candidates regularly use violent metaphors, but little is known about their influence on voting behavior. Are they rhetorical flourishes or effective tools for mobilizing supporters? Drawing from psychological research on aggression and metaphors, I show that the electoral effects of metaphorical frames depend on their resonance with audience traits, both personal and political. I begin with content analysis of violent metaphors in presidential campaigns from 1932 through 2012, which correlate with aggregate turnout. Next I analyze two nationally-representative survey experiments that isolate the causal effects of violent metaphors. Finally, I show how violent campaign metaphors produce similar shifts in individual voting behavior across 11 presidential elections with pooled data from the American National Election Studies. In all three tests, the electoral impact of metaphorical frames depends jointly on audience personality traits and political orientations. This work also reveals the surprising role of aggression in democratic participation, one which also has a dark side.
Prospective Evaluation of Cancer Clinical Trial Accrual Patterns: Identifying Potential Barriers to Enrollment

PURPOSE: Well-conducted cancer clinical trials are essential for improving patient outcomes. Unfortunately, only 3% of new cancer patients participate in clinical trials. Barriers to patient accrual in cancer clinical trials must be identified and overcome to increase patient participation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively tracked factors that potentially affected patient accrual into cancer clinical trials at the University of California Davis Cancer Center. Oncologists seeing new outpatients were asked to complete questionnaires regarding patient characteristics and the physician’s decision-making on patient eligibility, protocol availability, and patient opinions on participation. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate these parameters with subsequent protocol accrual. RESULTS: There were 276 assessable patients. At the initial visits, physicians did not consider clinical trials in 38% (105/276) of patients principally because of a perception of protocol unavailability and poor performa...
Enzymatic defence against post-anoxic injury in higher plants

Plants tolerant of long-term flooding and oxygen deprivation in their perennating organs such as rhizomes and tubers are able to avoid the deleterious effects of anoxia and minimise the dangers of re-entry to air by reactions with antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and glutathione. In processes of detoxification of oxygen radicals, ascorbic acid is oxidised to dehydroascorbic acid and reduced glutathione to oxidised glutathione. Through the action of enzymes such as monodehydroascorbate reductase (MR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione and ascorbic acid may be regenerated to maintain sufficient levels of antioxidants within the tissue in order to quench oxygen radicals.
FORUM: THE IDEA OF SUSTAINABILITY INTRODUCTION

The encounter of environmental history and intellectual history is a union of two insidiously oceanic inquiries. “Oceanic” in the sense of limitlessness, or oneness with the universe. “All history is the history of thought”, and the history of thought is in modern intellectual history a universal investigation, of advertisements for sofas and Ayn Rand and adoption laws in early colonial Bihar. But all history is also the history of space, and of the environment that surrounds the sofas and the laws. It is apparent, now, that “history occurs in space as well as time”. Environmental history is everywhere as well as nowhere. It is a new universal understanding, which subverts even the historians' own anxieties about universalization: a “negative universal history”.
Flight Phenology and Pheromone Trapping of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Southern Coastal California

A standard wing trap was significantly more effective at capturing Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) males than a delta trap, a cone-orifice trap, an omnidirectional trap, or a modified omnidirectional trap. No significant differences in collections from wing traps were evident when the two-component pheromone was formulated in polyethylene caps or in 3, 10, or 15 hollow fiber dispensers. Mean numbers of moths captured in wing traps containing 10-fiber dispensers aged for up to 1 month in the field were not significantly different from numbers collected in traps with fresh dispensers. Pheromone trap collections from San Diego, Orange, and Ventura counties demonstrated that S. exigua flight activity was bimodal in California, with peak flights occurring from April to June and again from August until early December. Analysis of wind direction, velocity, and temperatures at heights up to 3,000 m showed that moths could not migrate into southern California before or during peak flight periods in the spring, indicating that S. exigua was overwintering in these areas.