cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow aspirate showing Histoplasma capsulatum.

![Figure][1] A 48-year-old male with history of alcohol abuse and untreated HIV presented with 1-week history of fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Complete blood counts showed pancytopenia with hemoglobin of 71 g/L, total leukocyte count of 2.2 × 109/L, and platelet count of 92 × 109/L.
Protein synthesis in tobacco protoplasts infected with tobacco mosaic virus

Abstract A detailed study was made of protein synthesis in tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco protoplasts using the techniques of slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Three novel proteins not demonstrable in uninfected protoplasts were detected. Their molecular weights were estimated to be 17,500, 135,000, and 165,000. The smallest of these proteins is undoubtedly the viral coat protein but the identities of the other two were not established.
Adsorption of copper and cobalt from fresh and marine systems

Abstract The adsorption of copper and cobalt from aqueous solution on to illite and other substrates has been studied as a function of pH, solution composition and solid phase concentration. The results are interpreted in terms of a model whereby the trace metals are adsorbed in exchange for surface bound H + ions. Adsorption varies with solution ionic strength and the concentrations of complex forming ligands; both of these parameters tend to reduce the trace metal adsorption. The Cu 2+ is two orders of magnitude more reactive toward solid surfaces than Co 2+ , which is consistent with the general reactivities of these two metal ions. It is also found that Mg 2+ interferes with adsorption, presumably by competing with the trace metals for the surface sites. A quantitative model was developed which describes adsorption of these metals from natural waters ranging from river water to sea water as a function of pH, complexing ligands and magnesium activity.
Evidence of Prenatal Heterosis Relating to X-Ray Induced Congenital Anomalies.∗

Embryonic mice at 8.5 days gestation from pure C57 and CFl strains and their hybrids were x irradiated to 200 r to determine whether or not prenatal heterosis was manifest. Critenia were the number of normal, resorbed, dead, or anomalous mice seen at 18.5 days in the hybrids as compared with the pure lines. The hybrids at 8.5 days exhibited some degree of heterosis based upon the higher percentage of normal fetuses and the lower percentage of resorptions when comparisons were made with the pure strain parental stocks. For heterosis to be manifest, the hybrids had to overcome the severely deleterious effect of the presence of C57 genes as indicated by the 90% resorptions among this parental stork and only 30% in the hybrids, whereas the CFl showed 39%. Thus there is evidence of more than mere dominance of the more resistant strain genes which leads to heterosis at least by the time of organogenesis. The heterosis for the embryo results in better survival and thus better survival also of the x- irradiation-produced congenital anomalies. (auth)
Preliminary experimental study of a bio-inspired, phase-change particle capillary heat exchanger

Abstract In this study a new cooling concept using encapsulated phase-change particles flowing with water in a parallel-plate mini-channel is presented. This novel concept is inspired by the gas exchange process in alveolar capillaries, where red blood cells (RBCs) flow with blood plasma, yielding very high gas transfer efficiency. Another important characteristic of alveolar capillary blood flow, which is related to the high efficiency of the lungs, is the snug fitting of the RBCs into the capillaries. Hence, preliminary results of experimental tests using particles with diameter similar to the flow channel spacing flowing with water through a heated parallel-plate channel test module are presented and analyzed. The particles are octadecane paraffin (C18H38), a phase-change material, encapsulated in a thin melamine shell. The temperature distribution along the heated surface of the channel is measured for various water flow rates, with and without particles, and with different number of particles. Results are reported in terms of the channel heated surface average temperature and the average heat transfer coefficient, showing a sensible increase (over 20%) in the latter as compared to a clear (of particles) flow. There is strong evidence the increase in heat transfer efficiency to result from a combination of the extra mixing flow effect caused by the presence of particles in the flow and the phase-change effect caused by the EPCM inside the particles.
Analytic gradients for coupled-cluster energies that include noniterative connected triple excitations: Application to cis- and trans-HONO

An efficient formulation of the analytic energy gradient for the single and double excitation coupled-cluster method that includes a perturbational estimate of the effects of connected triple excitations is presented. The formulation has a small computational cost, and the algebraic manipulations may be applied generally to the analytic gradient of Moller-Plesset perturbation theory energies. The new formulation has been implemented in an efficient set of programs that utilize highly vectorized algorithms and has been used to investigate the equilibrium structures, harmonic vibrational frequencies, IR intensities, and energy separation of cis- and trans-HONO.
Oxidation-Specific Epitopes in Human Coronary Atherosclerosis Are Not Limited to Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein

Background Previous small studies have demonstrated positive immunohistochemical staining in rabbit and human atherosclerotic plaques by antibodies that recognize oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), but none have examined a large number of human coronary arteries or evaluated whether epitopes recognized by these antibodies might be present on plaque proteins other than OxLDL. Methods and Results Immunohistochemistry was performed on atherosclerotic (n=87) and nonatherosclerotic (n=51) coronary arterial segments from 20 patients by use of monoclonal antibodies that recognize epitopes on macrophages, smooth muscle cells, apolipoprotein (apo) B, and OxLDL. Staining with the OxLDL antibody (Ox5) was much more prevalent in atherosclerotic than in control segments. Extracellular Ox5 staining colocalized with apo B, but cell-associated Ox5 staining occurred in the absence of cell-associated apo B staining, which suggests that cell-associated epitopes for Ox5 were on proteins other than LDL. Epitopes for Ox...
A Brief Review of CMS Jet Measurements

We present an overview of the current status of the recent jet measurements in PbPb and pp collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV that are studied with the CMS detector at the LHC. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-kT sequential reconstruction algorithm on particle flow objects. To distinguish between different possible energy loss mechanisms and to provide an important experimental check on the validity of the assumed jet fragmentation, inclusive jets, flavor tagged jets and jet shapes are studied.
Electroretinogram b-Wave Implicit Time and b/a Wave Ratio as a Function of Intensity in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

The ability of electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave implicit time and b/a wave ratio to predict iris neovascular response was analyzed as a function of stimulus intensity over a 3.6 log unit intensity range in 39 patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Predictive power for CRVO patients was evaluated using ROC area at intensities of 1.23, 1.83, 2.43, and 3.03 effective log quanta/rod, where reliable data for both parameters were obtainable from most patients. The relative predictive power of b-wave implicit time and b/a wave ratio were shown to vary with stimulus intensity. The predictive power of b-wave implicit time, as measured by ROC area, declined to below significance at high intensity (above 1.83 log quanta/rod), while b/a wave ratio performed best at middle intensities (1.83 and 2.43 log quanta/rod) and not as well at high and low intensities. Further analysis of statistical behavior of both ERG parameters was obtained from the t statistic. Insight into the mechanism influencing predictive power of b-wave implicit time was derived from measurements on normal adults and CRVO patients with response data taken at high intensities. These results suggest that an optimal stimulus intensity range can be found for these ERG parameters in the evaluation of CRVO.
Monitoring concrete by means of embedded sensors and electromechanical impedance technique

This paper describes the use of embedded and surface bonded piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) to monitor concrete by means of the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method. The main objective of the present study is the design and utilization of a rugged and embeddable sensing system capable to monitor curing, stress and damage in concrete structures. Three concrete cylinders with in-house designed sensors were cast and tested. Surface bonded PZT were also used to compare the response of conventional PZT patch to the response of the embedded system. After the conventional 28-days curing, two cylinders were subjected to a compression test and the third cylinder was subjected to induced damage. The EM signatures were processed using a statistical index and a slope gradient. The results show that the sensing system and the EMI method are suitable to monitor curing progression and to detect applied stress, damage onset, and damage propagation.
Synergistic Neurotoxic Effects of Styrene Oxide and Acrylamide: Glutathione-Independent Necrosis of Cerebellar Granule Cells

Conjugation with glutathione (GSH) is a mechanism of detoxification of acrylamide (ACR); hence, prior depletion of GSH might be expected to exacerbate ACR's neurotoxicity. GSH levels in female rats were reduced by ip administration of styrene oxide (SO; 250 mg/kg), diethylmaleate (DEM; 0.5 ml/kg), or 2-vinylpyridine (VP; 100 mg/kg) 1.5 or 2 hr prior to a single dose of ACR (100 mg/kg). The time course of GSH depletion following treatment with SO/ACR, DEM/ACR, or VP/ACR showed that all three regimens were equally effective in reducing GSH in liver, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus. GSH levels in the liver were reduced to 4-22% of control levels between 2 and 4 hr after treatment and to 38-57% of control levels in all brain regions between 4 and 8 hr. ACR alone (100 mg/kg) reduced both brain and liver GSH to about 60% of normal. The administration of a second dose of ACR (also 100 mg/kg) 12 hr later further depleted brain and liver GSH to 33% of control. Brains were examined 2, 4, 7, 14, and 30 days after treatment by light and electron microscopy. The administration of SO plus ACR (in either order) produced lesions consisting of pyknotic granule cells confined to the anterior portions of the cerebellum and some of the small neurons of lamina II and III of the cerebral cortex. Electron microscopy revealed condensation of the granule cell chromatin and dissolution of the cytoplasm with the formation of large pericellular spaces. The granule cell lesion was not produced when the time between SO and ACR injections was either 4 or 24 hr. No pathology was observed following treatment with DEM/ACR, VP/ACR, ACR/ACR, vehicle (peanut oil), SO, or ACR alone. It appears that the neurotoxicity in animals treated with SO plus ACR is not directly the result of reduced cellular GSH levels per se, but may involve other detoxification pathways of ACR and SO.
Some mathematical characteristics of menisci and their use in determination of surface tension

By expressing the meniscus height and the sine of the angle between the horizontal and a tangent to the meniscus curve as simple exponential functions of radial position, a new calculational procedure for determining surface tensions from menisci has been developed. These simple functions, when combined with the Laplace-Young equation, generated three useful equations for calculating surface tensions as a function of radial positions. The overall procedure by using the three equations and five smoothing methods was tested on both experimental and calculated menisci. The results from the procedure for the calculated menisci agreed within 1.5% with the original surface tensions used to generate the meniscus. The agreement of values generated with the method and the comparison method previously reported for experimental menisci was within ±8% in general and within ±2% for the best formed menisci.
A critique of Frederick Mosteller and Robert R. Bush's stochastic models for learning

A stochastic process is one in which the probabilities of a set of events keep changing with time. Bush and Mosteller make use of the mathematical techniques developed for the study of such processes in building a theory of learning and then apply the theory to explain the results of several learning experiments. The reasoning behind their theory and its applications to one of the experiments are discussed here.
Application of the genetic optimizaton method to the design of ultrasonic motors

Ultrasonic motors often use a combination of structural modes to generate the desired elliptical vibration field that ultimately results in the linear or rotary motion of an object. Designing an ultrasonic device that combines structural modes of vibration represents a non-trivial exercise, especially when it is desired to maximize the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the piezoelectric elements, the amplitude of vibration, and the force factor of the device. Other parameters may also be combined and render the exercise even more difficult: targeting a specific frequency, constraining dimensions, electrical constraints, etc. To help designing such ultrasonic structures, we propose to use the genetic optimization method in combination to the finite element method. Although evolutionary methods are not new and have been successfully applied to a variety of problems (including smart devices), they have never been applied, to the best of our knowledge, to the design of ultrasonic motors. In this paper, we review the general aspects of the method utilized, and provide several examples, including experimental verification.
Headaches and sleep problems among adults in the United States: Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey–Replication Study

Background: Several studies have demonstrated an association between headache and disturbed sleep. None have examined this association across the headache spectrum. Our goal was to determine whether migraine and migraine with aura differ from nonmigraine headache in terms of associated insomnia complaints or severity of sleep problems.Methods: A probability sample of US adults was used. A structured interview administered by trained interviewers was used. Diagnostic criteria for migraine and migraine with aura were based on the International Headache Society classification. The presence or absence of four forms of sleep disturbance associated with an insomnia diagnosis was ascertained.Results: There was a significant association between frequent severe headache, including migraine with and without aura, and disordered sleep. Adults with headache reported more frequently difficulty initiating sleep (odds ratio [confidence interval] = 2.0 [1.6–2.5]), difficulty staying asleep (2.5 [2.1–3]), early morning aw...
Crack induced vibration localization in simplified bladed-disk structures

In this paper, we study the effect of a crack on the vibratory response of a simplified aero-engine bladed-disk model, which consists of cantilevered beams (blades) coupled with springs (inter-blade internal coupling). Our goal is to obtain qualitative understandings of the unique dynamic behavior of such structure with crack, i.e., the occurrence of vibration localization and its level. A fracture mechanics based approach is employed to evaluate the crack induced stiffness loss on a single beam. By taking advantage of the structural periodicity or near-periodicity, using the U-transformation approach we then develop analytical solutions to the free and forced vibrations of the bladed-disk with a single crack. It is identified that, while the stiffness loss on a single beam could be small and may not cause a significant frequency change, it could lead to the free and forced vibration localization in a periodic structure. The intrinsic relation between the response amplitudes and various system parameters such as internal coupling, crack severity, excitation patterns and number of blades is systematically investigated.
Control of population: numbers.

Population growth is considered with regard to evolution counting and control. During a long period of relative constancy of numbers and biomass ending about 40000 years ago the essential limiting factor to an increase in total population was the genetically built-in need of each individual to experience meaningful contacts with neighbors at a rate consistent with that in a small semiclosed group. A doubling of group size required an increase in the number of social roles which in turn requires an increase in conceptual space. With each quadrupling of population human potentiality doubles. This process required the related but independent and parallel development of prostheses for information storage transfer and transformation and linkage of increasing numbers of individuals into a sociopolitical network. Beyond attainment of final sociopolitical work union a union itself under the impetus of population growth population increase will no longer contribute to an increase in human potentiality. In order that population growth beyond world union be stable or declining the upper optimum world population at the time of world union should be about 6.3 billion. Beyond world union expansion of human potentiality requires a decline in population and expansion of informational prostheses. Four variables which determine the magnitude or capacity of an item (man being counted) are: 1) social roles 2) linkage 3) prostheses and 4) education and creativity. In a population of house mice allowed to increase until density reached 160 mice per cell 18 times the optimum for the amount of physical space social death (seen in withdrawn males and aggressive females unable to build and maintain adequate nests) may mark up to 95% of the population. A population control policy should incorporate evolutionary designing to foster fulfillment of human potentiality.
Coating mass distributions of seed particles in a tumbling fluidized bed coater

In order to control the extent of particle coating, it is necessary to clarify how the amount of coating material of each individual seed particle varies with operating condition. The influence of these conditions on the distribution of the mass of coating material, deposited on each single seed particle treated in a tumbling fluidized bed, was experimentally examined in this work. As a result, the coating mass per unit surface area of a single seed particle was proven to obey a normal distribution by number. Moreover, it also became clear that the coefficient of variation of the coating mass distribution, cv, decreased with increasing coating time and size of the seed particle, and with decreasing their holdup. However, the rotational speed of the disk, which forces the aggregative coated particles apart, hardly affected the cv value in the experiment.
Simultaneously Presenting Head and Neck and Lung Cancer: A Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemma

Objectives/HypothesisSynchronous tumors are defined as malignancies presenting within 6 months of the index tumors. A significant subset of patients present at initial evaluation with malignant tumors of both the head and neck (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) and the lung, which are termed simultaneous primaries. The management and treatment outcomes in this cohort of patients have not been clearly defined and are the subject of the present review. Study Design Retrospective chart review of previously untreated patients. Methods From January 1974 to December 1997, a total of 2964 patients were treated for mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Forty-two patients fulfilled the criteria for synchronous head and neck and lung malignancy. Of these, 27 patients had simultaneous tumors of the head and neck and the lung. This cohort of patients (n = 27) was stratified into three treatment groups. Patients in group A (n = 10) had resectable head and neck and lung primaries treated with curative intent. Group B (n = 8) was composed of patients who could have been treated with curative intent but declined and were given only palliative therapy. Patients in group C (n = 9) were candidates for only palliative treatment. Results The estimated 5-year disease-specific survival in group A was 47%, whereas patients in group B had a 5-year disease-specific survival of only 13% (P = .05). There were no survivors beyond 1 year in group C. The presence of mediastinal adenopathy in patients in group A portended poor clinical outcome. There was an estimated 5-year disease-specific survival of 51% in patients with no preoperative evidence of mediastinal adenopathy (n = 7), whereas 67% of patients with radiological evidence of mediastinal adenopathy died (two of three patients). Conclusion The presence of simultaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and pulmonary malignancies should not be a deterrent to aggressive surgical therapy because a potentially satisfactory outcome can be expected in these patients.
Early Tertiary ages from the coastal belt of the Franciscan complex, northern California

Dinoflagellates and angiosperm pollen from the Coastal belt of the Franciscan complex and Yager Formation in northern California establish an early Tertiary age no older than Eocene for numerous localities between Cape Mendocino and Fort Bragg. Until recently, the Coastal belt of the Franciscan complex has been mapped as Cretaceous. Several species of Wetzeliella Eisenack, a distinctive dinoflagellate genus that ranges in age from Paleocene to Miocene but is characteristic of Eocene strata, are especially conspicuous in samples from many of these localities. A few samples from the same area have yielded assemblages of Cretaceous palynomorphs. Evidence of redeposition of a Jurassic dinoflagellate species into Lower Cretaceous, lower Tertiary, and Eocene sediments and of Cretaceous dinoflagellates into lower Tertiary sediments appears in several samples.
The Concept of Service in Medicine

This essay examines the origins, influence, and importance of service in medicine. It defines the concept, discusses its evolution from Hippocratic to modern writings, and describes the significance of service for contemporary physicians and patients.
Medical and statistical-psychological models for research in schizophrenia.

Although the value of diagnosis in physical medicine is well established, psychiatrists and psychologists, impatient with vague descriptive labels of undemonstrated value, decry the effort spent in diagnosing patients. While this author agrees with them in the belief that attaching a vague diagnostic label seldom helps the patient, he feels that the value of systematic diagnosis of schizophrenics never has been tested adequately. This paper does not take sides in the “dynamic” versus diagnostic controversy but attempts to formulate one approach to careful testing of the value of diagnosis in the area of schizophrenia.
Cost analysis of office-based and operating room procedures in rhinology.

Background: Analyses of office-based procedures in laryngology and otology have shown them to be safe and satisfying for patients, with substantial savings of time and money for patients and physicians. The objectives of this study were to compare the billable charges and reimbursement for rhinologic procedures performed in the office with charges for procedures performed in an ambulatory surgery center operating room (OR). Methods: A retrospective, matched-pair cost analysis was performed. Patients who underwent office-based procedures between 2006 and 2011 were matched by Current Procedural Terminology® (CPT) code with patients who underwent similar procedures in the OR. Twenty-nine matched pairs were included. Charges for surgery, anesthesia, and facility usage were analyzed. Because surgery charges may be influenced by contracts with insurance providers, both the total billed charges and total allowed charges were analyzed using paired t tests. When a single office-based procedure was compared with multiple procedures performed during the same operation in the OR, anesthesia and facility charges were scaled to allow for more accurate comparison. Results: Mean total charges for office-based procedures were significantly less than for OR procedures ($2,737.17 vs $7,329.69, p < 0.001). Mean allowed charges for office-based procedures were significantly less than for OR procedures ($762.08 vs $5,835.09, p < 0.001). Mean scaled charges for office-based procedures were also significantly less than mean scaled charges for OR procedures ($762.08 vs $4,089.33, p < 0.001). Office procedures were reimbursed at similar or higher rates than were OR procedures. Conclusion: In appropriate patients, performing simple rhinologic procedures in the office rather than in the OR offers significant cost savings without impacting physician reimbursement. ©2012 ARSAAOA, LLC.
A Climatology of Cold-Season Nonconvective Wind Events in the Great Lakes Region

Abstract A 44-yr climatology of nonconvective wind events (NCWEs) for the Great Lakes region has been created using hourly wind data for 38 first-order weather stations during the months of November through April. The data were analyzed in terms of the two National Weather Service (NWS) criteria for a high-wind watch or warning: sustained winds of at least 18 m s−1 for at least 1 h or a wind gust of at least 26 m s−1 for any duration. The results indicate a pronounced southwest quadrant directional preference for nonconvective high winds in this region. Between 70% and 76% of all occurrences that satisfied the NWS criteria for NCWEs were associated with wind directions from 180° through 270°. Within the southwest quadrant, the west-southwest direction is preferred, with 14%–35% of all NCWEs coming from this particular compass heading. This directional preference is borne out in five out of six stations with high occurrences of cold-season NCWEs (Buffalo, New York; Dayton, Ohio; Lansing, Michigan; Moline, ...
Regulatory RNAs and chromatin modification in dosage compensation: A continuous path from flies to humans?

Chromosomal sex determination is a widely distributed strategy in nature. In the most classic scenario, one sex is characterized by a homologue pair of sex chromosomes, while the other includes two morphologically and functionally distinct gonosomes. In mammalian diploid cells, the female is characterized by the presence of two identical X chromosomes, while the male features an XY pair, with the Y bearing the major genetic determinant of sex, i.e. the SRY gene. In other species, such as the fruitfly, sex is determined by the ratio of autosomes to X chromosomes. Regardless of the exact mechanism, however, all these animals would exhibit a sex-specific gene expression inequality, due to the different number of X chromosomes, a phenomenon inhibited by a series of genetic and epigenetic regulatory events described as "dosage compensation". Since adequate available data is currently restricted to worms, flies and mammals, while for other groups of animals, such as reptiles, fish and birds it is very limited, it is not yet clear whether this is an evolutionary conserved mechanism. However certain striking similarities have already been observed among evolutionary distant species, such as Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus. These mainly refer to a) the need for a counting mechanism, to determine the chromosomal content of the cell, i.e. the ratio of autosomes to gonosomes (a process well understood in flies, but still hypothesized in mammals), b) the implication of non-translated, sex-specific, regulatory RNAs (roX and Xist, respectively) as key elements in this process and the location of similar mediators in the Z chromosome of chicken c) the inclusion of a chromatin modification epigenetic final step, which ensures that gene expression remains stably regulated throughout the affected area of the gonosome. This review summarizes these points and proposes a possible role for comparative genetics, as they seem to constitute proof of maintained cell economy (by using the same basic regulatory elements in various different scenarios) throughout numerous centuries of evolutionary history.
PENN biomarker core of the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

There is a pressing need to develop effective prevention and disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a dreaded affliction whose incidence increases almost logarithmically with age starting at about 65 years. A key need in the field of AD research is the validation of imaging and biochemical biomarkers. Biomarker tests that are shown to reliably predict the disease before it is clinically expressed would permit testing of new therapeutics at the earliest time point possible in order to give the best chance for delaying the onset of dementia in these patients. In this review the current state of AD biochemical biomarker research is discussed. A new set of guidelines for the diagnosis of AD in the research setting places emphasis on the inclusion of selected imaging and biochemical biomarkers, in addition to neuropsychological behavioral testing. Importantly, the revised guidelines were developed to identify patients at the earliest stages prior to full-blown dementia as well as patients with the full spectrum of the disease. The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative is a multicenter consortium study that includes as one of its primary goals the development of standardized neuroimaging and biochemical biomarker methods for AD clinical trials, as well as using these to measure changes over time in mildly cognitively impaired patients who convert to AD as compared to the natural variability of these in control subjects and their further change over time in AD patients. Validation of the biomarker results by correlation analyses with neuropsychological and neurobehavioral test data is one of the primary outcomes of this study. This validation data will hopefully provide biomarker test performance needed for effective measurement of the efficacy of new treatment and prevention therapeutic agents.
Seasonality and approximation errors in rational expectations models

Abstract A frequency domain representation of the approximation criterion that is implicit in Gaussian maximum likelihood estimation is applied to study the effects of using seasonally adjusted versus seasonally unadjusted data to estimate rational expectations models. Three classes of economic mechanisms for generating seasonality are described. Approximating parameter estimates are computed numerically for several examples.
SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE INSOLUBLE NITROGEN FRACTION IN THE CURRENT YEAR'S SHOOTS OF BARTLETT PEAR.

In a previous paper (1), it was shown that there were considerable variations in the quantity of insoluble nitrogen, both in bark and wood, during the growth cycle of pear shoots. It was also shown in another paper (2) that seasonal variations in the water-soluble nitrogen fraction in pear shoots are not only quantitative but qualitative also. It was of interest to find how the insoluble nitrogen fraction, representing mainly cytoplasmic proteins, behaved in this respect. As a convenient way of partially answering this question, a Van Slyke fractionation of the insoluble nitrogen was undertaken, although it was apparent that the constancy of results by this method would be no proof of the constant composition of this fraction.
Forbidden Lines of Bismuth BiI

A group of forbidden lines of bismuth BiI, namely \ensuremath{\gamma}8755, 6476, 5640, 4615, 4597, and 3014, all belonging to transitions between levels of the configuration $6{p}^{3}$ (Fig. 1) was investigated with a spectrograph of high resolving power. The hyperfine structures observed are collected in Table I and the photographs obtained are reproduced in Fig. 2. Predicted patterns with components corresponding only to the change of the quantum number $F$ by 0 or \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 and intensities calculated on basis of usual formulas for electric dipole radiation are in best agreement with the observed ones (Fig. 3). The absence of components corresponding to $\ensuremath{\Delta}F=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ shows the predominantly magnetic dipole character of the radiation. All observed separations of components and wave-lengths of the forbidden lines found are in very good agreement with the values predicted on basis of the highly accurate level scheme of the bismuth atom previously determined by the author.
Biologic immune modifiers: Trials and tribulations—are we there yet?

Biologic agents as therapeutic modalities have emerged as an important new drug treatment. This article focuses on specific groups of immune response modulators of mAbs and recombinant proteins, and their use or their potential use in asthma as an example of an inflammatory allergic process. Although some of these new biologic agents are currently used only in animal models of allergic disease or in other inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, this field is advancing so rapidly that in a few years, these new treatment modalities could be applied to allergic diseases. This article provides a brief rationale for the use of these new biologic agents in asthma. Although optimism is very high for this new class of drugs, caution is needed in extrapolating in vitro data or studies from animal models; adverse events will happen. Nevertheless, as we learn how to modify and alter the inflammatory and immune processes with these new biologic agents, clinicians will enter a new era of treatment options available for their patients with allergic disorders.
Putting a KAP on Transcription and Stress

Chromatin regulation plays an important role in brain development and the generation of phenotypic diversity. In this issue of Neuron , Jakobsson et al. find that disruption in neurons of KAP1, a key component of transcriptional repressor complexes in the brain, results in increased anxiety-like behavior and sensitivity to stress.
Supersymmetry phenomenology and the nature of the lightest supersymmetric particle

We show that in addition to the photinolike and Higgsino-like states usually considered as candidates for the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), there is yet one more state in the neutralino sector which could be the LSP in minimal supergravity models. In this paper, we study how the phenomenology of supersymmetry is altered depending on the nature of the LSP. Within the framework of minimal supergravity models, we demonstrate that if the mass of the LSP is small compared to that of the W boson, the lightest chargino and the next to lightest neutralino states are always lighter than ${M}_{W}$ and ${M}_{Z}$ independent of the soft-supersymmetry-breaking gaugino masses. We show that the W- and Z-boson decay widths into these particles depends quite significantly on the nature of the LSP. We further show that the bound on the scalar-electron mass of the ASP detector at the SLAC storage ring PEP is considerably weakened if the LSP is the new state discussed above, even if this state is dominantly a gaugino. Finally, we briefly study the phenomenology of the LSP in the context of superstring-inspired E(6) models.
Biodegradable plastic made from soybean products. II. Effects of cross-linking and cellulose incorporation on mechanical properties and water absorption

Soy isolate was treated with formaldehyde and glyoxal at 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% (w/w isolate) and with adipic and acetic anhydrides. The materials were then compression-molded into plastic tensile bars and tested for tensile and yield strength, percentage elongation, Young's modulus, and water absorption. Treatment with 5% formaldehyde increased the tensile strength significantly, to 4.9 kg/mm2, compared with the untreated sample (3.7 kg/mm2). The yield strength increased slightly, to 0.68 kg/mm2. Elongation was significantly less after treatment with formaldehyde. Young's modulus increased after treatment and leveled off at 174 kg/mm2. Water absorption decreased as the formaldehyde concentration increased. Treatment with either glyoxal or adipic/acetic anhydride had a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the plastic specimens. Water absorption was decreased by glyoxal treatment but was not affected by adipic/acetic anhydride treatment. Long-fiber (lf), short-fiber (sf), and microcrystalline (mc) cellulose were incorporated into soy isolate at various levels. Cellulose addition decreased the percentage elongation and increased the rigidity of the plastic. All three cellulose additions increased Young's modulus. The tensile strength increased with the addition of sf-cellulose to soy isolate; lf-cellulose decreased the tensile strength, whereas the incorporation of mc-cellulose did not have a significant effect. The yield strength increased slightly with the addition of sf-cellulose and was less affected by the addition of lf- or mc-cellulose. All three types of cellulose slightly decreased water absorption at ca. 15% content.
CD52 Is Expressed on Human Mast Cells and Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia and Mast Cell Disorders

Abstract Background Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of CD52-expressing B-cell malignancies, including Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). Recent studies demonstrate high levels of alemtuzumab activity in relapsed/refractory disease. One potential target of alemtuzumab is bone marrow mast cells (BMMCs), which provide growth and survival signaling for WM lymphoplasmacytic cells. Patients and Methods We therefore examined BMMCs (FcɛRI + , CD117 + ) from WM and other mast cell (MC) disorders for expression of CD52. Results We identified cell surface antigen expression by multicolor flow cytometric analysis and found CD52 expressed on human mast-derived cell line–1 (HMC-1) and LAD2 MC lines, on BMMC from 13 of 15 patients with WM, and on BMMCs from 4 of 4 patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM). None of 4 healthy donors expressed CD52. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed CD52 expression in the HMC-1 and LAD2 MC lines, in BMMCs from 14 of 15 patients with WM, and 3 of 3 patients with SM. CD52 transcripts were also detected in BMMCs from 6 of 6 healthy donors, despite the absence of CD52 cell surface expression. Importantly, we observed high levels of alemtuzumab-mediated, antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity against LAD2 MCs and BMMCs from patients with WM and SM. Conclusion These studies demonstrate that CD52 is widely expressed on human MCs and WM bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic cells and provide the preclinical rationale for the use of alemtuzumab in the treatment of WM and possibly other MC-related disorders.
Histocytologic changes in grafts of rat pituitary on the kidney and upon retransplantation under the diencephalon.

Histocytologic comparisons were made, hy means of the periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and the aldehyde fuchsin (AF) techniques, between pars distalis autografts on the kidney and similar grafts re-transplanted close to the median eminence. Time intervals from transplantation to autopsy ranged from 1 day to 6 months. Transplants to the kidney are severely damaged by the transfer, the functional parenchyma ofthe established grafts apparently being derived from a thin shell of healthy tissue surroundingthe massive central infarct. Reorganization of the graft is essentially complete after 1 week. Normal cytologic differentiation is promptly lost. Large gonadotrophs (PAS+, AF−)are missing, but smaller ones may be found in significant numbers for 2 to 3 weeks; after thatthey are rarely recognized. Thyrotrophs (PAS +, AF+) are prominent during thefirst week, but older grafts usually contain in this category only a few minute, angular basophilesand occasional vacuolated cells thought to be “thyroidectomy cells.” Small...
Equitable apportionment of railcars within a pooling agreement for shipping automobiles

Abstract This paper examines the problem of apportioning a railcar fleet to car manufacturers and railroads within a pooling agreement for shipping automobiles. We demonstrate the potential inequities in the presently implemented allocation procedure in the industry, and we propose four alternative schemes to apportion railcars to manufacturers and an alternative railroad allocation scheme. We test the combinations of current and proposed techniques on realistic instances derived from representative data of the current business environment, and illustrate their impact relative to the existing methodology.
Molecular approaches to personalizing management of ovarian cancer

Cytoreductive surgery and empirical combination chemotherapy have improved 5-year survival for ovarian cancer patients, but have not increased the overall rate of cure. Poor outcomes relate, at least in part, to late diagnosis and to the persistence of dormant ovarian cancer cells that have resisted conventional drugs. Increased understanding of the molecular, cellular and clinical biology of ovarian cancer must be translated into personalized therapy with conventional and targeted agents as well as personalized detection of high-grade cancers in early stages. Different strategies will be required to treat low-grade and high-grade serous cancers as well as other histotypes. Activating mutations of Ras and Raf can be targeted in low-grade cancers. Activation of the PI3K pathway-PI3Kness-and inactivation of BRCA function-BRCAness-can be targeted in high-grade lesions. Inhibition of multiple pathways will be required. Sensitivity of primary cancers to paclitaxel and platinum can be modulated by inhibiting kinases and other molecules that regulate the cell cycle. Dormant ovarian cancer cells may depend upon autophagy, cytokines and growth factors for survival. Early detection can utilize two stage strategies where rising serum biomarker levels prompt imaging in a small fraction of women. Screening can be personalized by taking into account each woman's baseline biomarker levels.
Monotonicity and Asymptotic Queue-Length Distribution in Discrete-Time Networks

For closed, cyclic, discrete-time networks with one server per node and with independent, geometric service times, in equilibrium, the joint queue-length distribution can be realized as the joint distribution of independent random variables, conditionally given their sum. This tool helps establish monotonicity properties of performance measures and also helps show that the queue-length random variables are negatively associated. The queue length at a node is asymptotically analyzed through a family of networks with a fixed number of node types, where the number of nodes approaches infinity, the ratio of jobs to nodes has a positive limit, and each node type has a limiting density. The queue-length distribution at any node is shown to converge, in a strong sense, to a distribution that is conditionally geometric. As a by-product, this approach settles open issues regarding occupancy proportion and average queue length at a node type.
Mixed total diet slurry as a prospective reference material

A total diet composite based on foods from the U.S. FDA Total Diet Study was investigated to assess its suitability as a slurry material as a candidate reference material in the form of a slurry. Results for the distribution of chlorine and sodium (overall variation 2% for Na and 3% for Cl) indicated no serious problems of sedimentation. Similarly determination of Co, Se, Rb, Sn, Fe and Zn covering an overall concentration (dry weight basis) range of 25 ng/g for Co to 33 μg/g for Fe and Zn, suggests that the homogeneity of the composite is reasonably good. However the operational steps adopted for this preliminary investigation were not optimal. Use of a high pressure diffusion type of approach adopted by the National Research Council of Canada in preparing the lobster hepatopancreas matrix (LUTS-1) should further improve the homogeneity characteristics of the slurry.
Circadian uterine activity in the pregnant rhesus macaque: do prostaglandins play a role?

Eight rhesus macaques between 127 and 132 days of gestation had catheters implanted into maternal femoral vessels and the amniotic fluid cavity and were placed in a vest-and-tether systemfor chronic catheter maintenance. Uterine activity was continuously recorded, and paired maternal arterial blood and amniotic fluid samples were collected at 0900 h (AM) and 2100 h (PM) until delivery and analyzed for prostaglandin metabolites (PGFM and PGEM-11). A circadian pattern in uterine contractility was observed, with peak
Performance in adaptive manipulator control

Effective adaptive controller designs potentially combine high speed and high precision in robot manipulation and further more can considerably simplify high-level programming by providing consistent performance in the face of large varia tions in loads or tasks. A simple, globally tracking-conver gent, direct adaptive manipulator controller has previously been developed and experimentally demonstrated. In this article, we further explore the performance issues linked to a computationally effective implementation. Specifically, we develop a recursive implementation applicable to both open and closed kinematic chains, as well as rules for obtaining minimal parametrizations. We also discuss implementations of the algorithm directly in Cartesian space, the exploitation of kinematic redundancies, and applications to adaptive compliant motion control. These developments are illustrated experimentally on a four-degrees-of-freedom articulated robot arm and suggest a wide range of application well beyond adaptati...
GABA(A) receptor alpha5 subunit as a candidate gene for autism and bipolar disorder: A proposed endophenotype with parent-of-origin and gain-of-function features,with or without oculocutaneous albinism

Our earlier family history studies of individuals with autism found a high incidence of major affective disorder, especially bipolar disorder, and unusual talents or intellectual abilities among family members. We now describe a subgroup of such families, selected from a large clinical experience, illustrating specific features of major affective disorder, special talents or intellectual ability, and familial patterns of trait transmission, with the additional feature of oculocutaneous albinism in some cases. These observations, suggesting parent-of-origin and gain-of-function effects, considered together with recent genetic findings in the literature, suggest a genetic hypothesis possibly unifying disparate observations found in families of individuals with autism.
Pulmonary, Chest Wall, and Lung-Thorax Elastances in Acute Respiratory Failure*

The usefulness of lung-thorax compliance (or elastance) as an index of pulmonary compliance (or elastance) was examined in 15 patients being ventilated for acute respiratory failure. Mean lung-thorax elastance (E LT ) was 27.9 ± 2.6 cm H 2 0/L, and the chest wall accounted for 34 ± 2 percent of the mean total value. Changes in E LT caused by increments of positive end-expiratory pressure correlated only with changes in pulmonary elastance (r = 0.96; P