cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aspirin, 110 years later

Although conceived at the end of the 19th century as a synthetic analgesic agent with improved gastric tolerability vs. naturally occurring salicylates, acetylsalicylic acid (marketed as aspirin in 1899) turned out to be an ideal antiplatelet agent about 90 years later, following the understanding of its mechanism of action, the development of a mechanism-based biomarker for dose-finding studies, and the initiation of a series of appropriately sized, randomized clinical trials to test its efficacy and safety at low doses given once daily. At the turn of its 110th anniversary, aspirin continues to attract heated debates on a number of issues including (i) the optimal dose to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity; (ii) the possibility that some patients may be 'resistant' to its antiplatelet effects; and (iii) the balance of benefits and risks in primary vs. secondary prevention.
Injury in West Virginia: a statewide survey.

OBJECTIVE: To determine an estimate of the period prevalence of medically attended injury in West Virginia via a statewide random telephone survey. METHODS: A statewide random telephone survey, the West Virginia Social Indicator Survey (WVSIS), was modified to incorporate questions regarding the incidence and mechanisms of injury. The WVSIS is periodically conducted on a representative cross-section of West Virginians to gather information about their social and economic conditions as well as to monitor change in the quality of their lives over time. RESULTS: Of the 1,498 households interviewed, 412 (28%) reported having sustained injuries for which medical care had been obtained. This translates to a conservative estimate of 231,000 medically attended injuries within West Virginia in 1993. The average age of those injured was 35 years. Falls were the most frequently reported causes of injury, with motor vehicle crashes being the second most reported cause. Most injury victims (70%) were treated in an ED. Most respondents (67%) were able to suggest ways in which the injuries might have been avoided. Only 37% of the respondents with children
Facially amphiphilic phenylene ethynylenes

Facially amphiphilic poly(phenylene ethynylenes) were synthesized with various non-polar alkyl and polar amine side chains by Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling conditions. para-Phenylene ethynylene derivatives with pentoxy and tertiary amine side chains were dissolved in organic solvent, such as toluene or 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and introduced into an acidic, aqueous environment. The polymer molecules were found to self-assemble and stabilize these oil-water interfaces as visualized by confocal scanning laser microscopy. meta Derivatives containing dodecyl and primary amine side chains were also prepared and found to be active at the air-water interface. When analyzed by Langmuir trough experiments, this polymer was found to have an area of approximately 45 A2 per repeat unit, which correlates to an edge-on orientation at the air-water interface where the polar groups are immersed in the water sub-phase and both the hydrocarbon backbone and dodecyl chains extend away from the interface. Due to the facially amphiphilic architecture and large hydrocarbon side chains, these polymers were found to self-assemble from aqueous solutions into large aggregates with some order. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polysilicon emitters for silicon concentrator solar cells

Polysilicon emitters with a thermally grown interfacial oxide are examined in great detail. Both J/sub o/ and p/sub c/ are measured for the polysilicon emitter (contact) which is annealed under various conditions. J/sub o/ >
Appropriateness of epinephrine use in ED patients with anaphylaxis

Abstract Background Studies have demonstrated low rates of emergency department (ED) epinephrine administration for anaphylaxis patients, suggestive of ED undertreatment of anaphylaxis. Our study assessed the appropriateness of ED epinephrine administration in anaphylaxis management. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted involving ED patients presenting with possible allergic reactions. Patients and ED providers completed questionnaires regarding the suspected trigger, signs and symptoms, and prehospital treatment. Two board-certified allergists-immunologists independently reviewed the questionnaires, as well as electronic health records, to determine whether the cases represented anaphylaxis and whether ED epinephrine administration was appropriate. Results Among 174 patients enrolled in the study, 61 (35%) were confirmed to have anaphylaxis. Overall, 47 anaphylaxis patients (77%) received epinephrine either before ED arrival or in the ED. In the latter situation, 24 anaphylaxis patients (39%) received epinephrine and 37 (61%) did not. Of the patients who received ED epinephrine, the allergists-immunologists determined that its administration was appropriate in all cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 83%-100%). Among the 37 patients who did not receive ED epinephrine, the allergists-immunologists determined that nonadministration of epinephrine was appropriate in 36 patients (97%; 95% CI, 84%-100%). The allergists-immunologists determined that overall, ED management was appropriate for 60 (98%) of 61 patients with anaphylaxis (95% CI, 90%-100%). Conclusions Although more than 60% of anaphylaxis patients did not receive epinephrine in the ED, the allergists-immunologists deemed ED management appropriate in 98% of total cases. Previous retrospective studies may underestimate the appropriateness of ED anaphylaxis management, particularly when prehospital epinephrine administration is not reported.
Experimental and Computational Study of Near Field/Far Field Correlations in Supersonic Jet Noise

This paper describes near field/far field correlations for supersonic jet noise with the use of both numerical simulations and experimental measurements. Examples are provided of correlations between the output from an Optical Deflectomter (OD) and far field microphone measurements. Numerical simulations using a modified Detached Eddy Simulation are performed for nozzle geometries typical of high performance military aircraft. Correlations are performed between the simulated flow field fluctuations and the predicted far field acoustic pressure. Comparisons are made between the simulations and experiments. The relationship between the output of the OD and the flow field fluctuations is discussed based on the numerical simulations. The results demonstrate the potential advantages of the complementary use of both unsteady flow measurements and simulations in understanding the noise generation mechanisms in high speed jets.
The LysR-Type Virulence Activator AphB Regulates the Expression of Genes in Vibrio cholerae in Response to Low pH and Anaerobiosis

ABSTRACT AphB is a LysR-type activator that initiates the expression of the virulence cascade in Vibrio cholerae by cooperating with the quorum-sensing-regulated activator AphA at the tcpPH promoter on the Vibrio pathogenicity island (VPI). To identify the ancestral chromosomal genes in V. cholerae regulated by AphB, we carried out a microarray analysis and show here that AphB influences the expression of a number of genes that are not associated with the VPI. One gene strongly activated by AphB is cadC, which encodes the ToxR-like transcriptional activator responsible for activating the expression of lysine decarboxylase, which plays an important role in survival at low pH. Other genes activated by AphB encode a Na+/H+ antiporter, a carbonic anhydrase, a member of the ClC family of chloride channels, and a member of the Gpr1/Fun34/YaaH family. AphB influences each of these genes directly by recognizing a conserved binding site within their promoters, as determined by gel mobility shift assays. Transcriptional lacZ fusions indicate that AphB activates the expression of these genes under aerobic conditions in response to low pH and also under anaerobic conditions at neutral pH. Further experiments show that the regulation of cadC by AphB in response to low pH and anaerobiosis is mirrored in the heterologous organism Escherichia coli, is independent of the global regulators Fnr and ArcAB, and depends upon the region of the promoter that contains the AphB binding site. These results raise the possibility that the activity of AphB is influenced by the pH and oxygen tension of the environment.
Median filter architecture based on sorting networks

The authors present a sorting-network-based architecture for computing two-dimensional median filters in real-time. The median computing network is a modified version of Batcher's sorting network with compare-swap units which sort 2 elements (sort-2) as well as 3 elements (sort-3) in 1 time unit. Introduction of sort-3 units reduces the latency of the network without loss of regularity. A (3*3) median filter has been implemented in 2- mu m CMOS using this approach. The architecture is completely pipelined and operates in the bit-serial mode with 8-b precision. The operating speed is 40 MHz. >
A General Measure of User Computing Satisfaction.

User satisfaction with computers is an increasingly important topic in view of the explosive growth in the number of organizational personnel who use computers in their work and the resulting need to evaluate the effectiveness of such usage. Doll and Torkzadeh (1988) presented an instrument to measure user satisfaction with specific computer applications. In the present study, data from 776 organizational knowledge workers supported the construct validity and reliability of Doll and Torkzadeh's instrument when used as a general measure of user satisfaction. This study also investigated the relationship of user satisfaction and computer attitudes, computer anxiety, computer skill, and computer usage to contribute to the nomological network of the user satisfaction construct.
Assessment of adrenocortical function.

OF the steroid hormones secreted by the human adrenal cortex into the adrenal venous effluent, only cortisol and aldosterone are essential to life processes. These steroids account for most of the ...
MHV-A59 Pathogenesis in Mice

Coronaviruses produce both acute and chronic diseases in various animal species. A recent review summarizes the biology and pathogenesis of coronaviruses.1 Of special interest is the chronic demyelinating disease produced by mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in rodents. This model has been used to study the mechanisms of virus-induced demyelination. Information acquired from such an experimental system may shed light on the pathogenesis of human demyelinating disease.
Cute: A concatenative method for voice conversion using exemplar-based unit selection

State-of-the art voice conversion methods re-synthesize voice from spectral representations such as MFCCs and STRAIGHT, thereby introducing muffled artifacts. We propose a method that circumvents this concern using concatenative synthesis coupled with exemplar-based unit selection. Given parallel speech from source and target speakers as well as a new query from the source, our method stitches together pieces of the target voice. It optimizes for three goals: matching the query, using long consecutive segments, and smooth transitions between the segments. To achieve these goals, we perform unit selection at the frame level and introduce triphone-based preselection that greatly reduces computation and enforces selection of long, contiguous pieces. Our experiments show that the proposed method has better quality than baseline methods, while preserving high individuality.
Constrained Social-Energy Minimization for Multi-Party Sharing in Online Social Networks

The development of fair and practical policies for shared content online is a primary goal of the access control community. Multi-party access control, in which access control policies are determined by multiple users each with vested interest in a piece of shared content, remains an outstanding challenge. Purposeful or accidental disclosures by one user in an online social network (OSN) may have negative consequences for others, highlighting the importance of appropriate sharing mechanisms. In this work, we develop a game-theoretic framework for modeling multi-party privacy decisions for shared content. We assume that the content owner (uploader) selects an initial privacy policy that constrains the privacy settings of other users. We prove the convergence of users' access control policies assuming a multi-round consensus-building game in which all players are fully rational and investigate a variation of rational play that better describes user behavior and also leads to the rational equilibrium. Additionally, in an effort to better approximate human behavior, we study a bounded rationality model and simulate real user choices in this context. Finally, we validate model assumptions and conclusions using experimental data obtained through a study of 95 individuals in a mock-social network.
When do managers listen to the market? Impact of learning in acquisitions of private firms

We study the influence of market signals and agency problems on the decision to cancel an announced acquisition. We find major differences between deals involving private vs. public targets. First, controlling for the value of expected synergies, acquisitions are less likely to be cancelled when the target is private rather than public. This finding supports learning rather than the alternative common-information hypothesis. Second, better manager-shareholder interest alignment makes the cancellation of a “bad” deal more likely only when the target is a private firm. This suggests bidder agency problems have a greater influence on acquisition outcome (i.e., learning) when the target is private. Third, cancellation is more likely for private targets when their post-announcement abnormal returns are low, especially if the method of payment includes stock. This indicates that it is important to control for bidder overvaluation when testing the managerial learning hypothesis. Overall, both the learning and agency hypotheses help explain observed differences in deal completion by target type.
Examining the Potential Use of a Novel Radiographic Scoring System for Determining Surgical Intervention in Diabetic Charcot Arthropathy.

Introduction Although Eichenholtz and the Schon systems are commonly used to evaluate foot Charcot arthropathy on radiographs, a novel system with expanded characterization may have added benefit. Methods Patients with Charcot arthropathy and foot radiographs were grouped in nonsurgical group 1 (imaging sets at minimum 2-year interval) and surgical group 2 (imaging preceding fusion and/or amputation). Radiographs were scored with Eichenholtz and Schon systems, and a novel scoring system (summation of 0-3 rank for bone density, distention/swelling, debris, disorganization, and dislocation/subluxation). Summative scores of the 2 groups were compared. Differences in scores of each system from serial images of group 1 were compared and average scores from each of the systems for preoperative imaging sets of group 2 were compared. Results A total of 111 patients were included (group 1, 19 patients; group 2, 92 patients). The novel system provided a broad numerical characterization of the radiographs (range 1-15). Summative scores of the novel system for groups 1 and 2 were statistically different with lower median score in the nonsurgical group (nonsurgical median score 6 vs surgical median score 9). Individual characteristic scores from 4 (distention, debris, disorganization, and dislocation) of 5 categories for the novel system were statistically different, with lower scores for the nonoperative group. The narrower numerical scores from the Eichenholtz and Schon systems did not yield statistically significant results. Conclusion The novel scoring system provides a broad numerical description of radiographic findings in Charcot arthropathy of the foot and has potential advantage for surgical predictive value. Levels of evidence Level IV: Retrospective.
Dopamine depleters in the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Abnormal involuntary movements often improve in response to anti-dopaminergic drugs. In contrast to classic neuroleptics that block dopamine receptors, drugs that deplete presynaptic dopamine by blocking vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) seem to be safer and have little or no risk of tardive dyskinesia. This is one reason why there has been a recent emergence of novel VMAT2 inhibitors.Areas covered: Since the approval of tetrabenazine, the classic VMAT2 inhibitor, in the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington disease (HD), other VMAT2 inhibitors (e.g. deutetrabenazine and valbenazine) have been studied in the treatment of HD-related chorea, tardive dyskinesia and tics associated with Tourette syndrome. This review, based largely on a detailed search of PubMed, will summarize the pharmacology and clinical experience with the various VMAT2 inhibitors.Expert commentary: Because of differences in pharmacology and pharmacokinetics these new VMAT2 inhibitors promise to...
Dechlorination of pulp bleaching plant E-1 effluent by ArF* and KrF* excimer laser photolysis: Part 2. Dechlorination of polychlorinated oxylignins

Abstract The E-1 effluent from bleaching of pine kraft pulp was fractionated by ultrafiltration to obtain polychlorinated oxylignin fractions, PCOL-1, PCOL-2, PCOL-3 and POCL-4 with relative molecular mass ( M r ) of 6500, 6000, 5500 and 3500, respectively. These PCOLs were characterized by elemental and functional group analyses, and gel permeation chromatography. The PCOLs were decolorized and dechlorinated in the presence of H 2 O 2 in O 2 -saturated solution at 20 °C by ArF * (193 nm) excimer photolysis. The results showed that both the decolorization and dechlorination were dependent on both the initial pH and concentration of H 2 O 2 per substrate in the reaction mixture. In general, the decolorization increases with increasing pH and concentration of added H 2 O 2 . At pH 10.5 with 8% H 2 O 2 per substrate to the initial reaction mixture, approximately 70% of chromophoric structures were degraded within the initial 60 min irradiation of ArF * (193 nm) laser radiation, then leveled off. The dechlorination reactions followed first order reaction law; first order with respect to total organically bound chlorine; first order overall. The dechlorination rates increase with increasing both pH and concentration of H 2 O 2 per substrate. The quantum yields ( Φ ) for the generation of chloride ions from PCOLs in the presence of 2% H 2 O 2 were appreciably lower than the values observed for the monomeric chlorophenols, in the range of approximately 0.03 versus 0.9. The ArF * excimer laser photolysis of PCOLs were also monitored by gel permeation chromatography. PCOL-2 was degraded into fragments with relative molecular mass ( M r ) of approximately 1500. Similarly, PCOL-3 and PCOL-4 were degraded into fragments with M r of approximately 4000 and 3000, respectively. In contrast, the M r of PCOL-1 was increased to approximately 6500, indicating the occurrence of condensation among the degraded fragments.
Global view of the E region irregularity and convection velocities in the high‐latitude Southern Hemisphere

Occurrence of the E-region plasma irregularities is investigated using two Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) South Pole (SPS) and Zhongshan (ZHO) radars that sample the same magnetic latitude deep within the high-latitude plasma convection pattern but from two opposite directions. It is shown that the SPS and ZHO velocity distributions and their variations with the magnetic local time are different, with each distribution being asymmetric, i.e. a particular velocity polarity is predominant. This asymmetry in the E-region velocity distribution is associated with the bump-on-tail of the distribution near the nominal ion-acoustic speed Cs that is most likely due to the Farley-Buneman instability (FBI) echoes or an inflection point of the distribution below nominal Cs that is most likely due to the gradient-drift instability echoes. In contrast, the distribution of the convection velocity component was found to be symmetric, i.e. with no bump-on-tail or an inflection point, but with a bias (i.e. uniform shift) toward a particular polarity. It is demonstrated that the asymmetry in the convection pattern between the eastward and westward zonal component is unexpectedly strong, with the westward zonal component being predominant, especially at lower latitudes, while also exhibiting a strong IMF By dependence. The observations are consistent with the notion that the asymmetry in the E-region velocity distribution is highly sensitive to the bias in the convection component caused by the zonal convection component asymmetry and that the bump-on-tail or inflection point features may also depend on the irregularity height and the presence of strong density gradients modifying the FBI threshold value.
Origin and production of inflammatory perivascular macrophages in pulmonary hypertension

Myeloid cells, including monocytes and macrophages participate in steady state immune homeostasis and help mount the adaptive immune response during infection. The function and production of these cells in sterile inflammation, such as pulmonary hypertension (PH), is understudied. Emerging data indicate that pulmonary inflammation mediated by lung perivascular macrophages is a key pathogenic driver of pulmonary remodeling leading to increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). However, the origin of these macrophages in pulmonary inflammation is unknown. Inflammatory monocytes, the precursors of pathogenic macrophages, are derived from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in the bone marrow and spleen during acute and chronic inflammation. Understanding the role of these organs in monocytopoiesis, and the mechanisms of HSPC proliferation and differentiation in PH are important to discover therapeutic targets curbing inflammation. This review will summarize the current limited knowledge of the origin of lung macrophage subsets and over-production of inflammatory monocytes in PH.
The Impact of Visibility on Teamwork, Collaborative Communication, and Security in Emergency Departments: An Exploratory Study:

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of visibility on teamwork, collaborative communication, and security issues in emergency departments (EDs). This research explored whether with high visibility in EDs, teamwork and collaborative communication can be improved while the security issues will be reduced. Visibility has been regarded as a critical design consideration and can be directly and considerably impacted by ED's physical design. Teamwork is one of the major related operational outcomes of visibility and involves nurses, support staff, and physicians. The collaborative communication in an ED is another important factor in the process of care delivery and affects efficiency and safety. Furthermore, security is a behavioral factor in ED designs, which includes all types of safety including staff safety, patient safety, and the safety of visitors and family members. This qualitative study investigated the impact of visibility on teamwork, collaborative communication, and security issues in the ED. One-on-one interviews and on-site observation sessions were conducted in a community hospital. Corresponding data analysis was implemented by using computer plan analysis, observation and interview content, and theme analyses. The findings of this exploratory study provided a framework to identify visibility as an influential factor in ED design. High levels of visibility impact productivity and efficiency of teamwork and communication and improve the chance of lowering security issues. The findings of this study also contribute to the general body of knowledge about the effect of physical design on teamwork, collaborative communication, and security.
Cytotoxicity of Ciprofloxacin and Steroids in Mouse Tympanic Membrane Fibroblasts.

ObjectiveCiprofloxacin, commonly given as eardrops, has been shown to adversely affect tympanic membrane fibroblasts. Dexamethasone potentiates this effect. A newly available eardrop contains ciprofloxacin and fluocinolone, a more potent steroid. We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of this preparation on mouse tympanic membrane fibroblasts.Study DesignProspective, in vitro.SettingAcademic laboratory.Subjects and MethodsIn experiment 1, fibroblasts were exposed to 1:10 dilutions of commercially available 0.3% ofloxacin, 0.3% ciprofloxacin, 0.3% ciprofloxacin + 0.1% dexamethasone, 0.3% ciprofloxacin + 0.025% fluocinolone, or dilute hydrochloric acid (control), twice within 24 hours. In experiment 2, cells were also treated with the dilutions of the pure form of dexamethasone 0.1% or fluocinolone 0.025%, alone and in combination with ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin. Cells were exposed to the solutions for 2 hours each time and were placed back in growth media after the treatments. Cells were observed with phase-co...
Ver2Smv — A tool for automatic verilog to SMV translation for verifying digital circuits

Verification of today's complex digital circuit designs is of critical concern for hardware designers. A tremendous amount of effort and computing resources are spent to assure if the developed design is correct or not. Simulation is by far the most extensively used method for this purpose. However, it does not provide 100% coverage of the possible test patterns. Formal verification tends to overcome these limitations. However, digital circuits are usually described in Verilog/VHDL and these descriptions need to be manually expressed in a formal language for their formal verification. This is a cumbersome task and thus limits the usage of formal verification in the industrial setting. This paper presents a step towards overcoming these problems by presenting a tool, Ver2Smv, for automatically translating RTL Verilog to the SMV language, i.e., a language supported by the NuXmv model checker. Besides the Verilog description, the user provides a VCD format file (random stimulus data) through a user friendly Python interface. This file helps in the automatic specification generation as assertions and relieves the user from writing them manually. These assertions are verified using the nuXmv model checker for the corresponding SMV model. The workflow of Ver2Smv tool is illustrated and tested on some commonly used sequential circuit designs.
A Bayesian Take on Colorectal Screening, Baseball, Fund Managers, and a Murder

This chapter looks at how Bayesian inference can be applied to social and biological questions and is based on the various forms that Bayes’ Theorem takes on. I apply these ideas to the Prosecutor’s Fallacy , to the OJ Simpson murder trial, to a dilemma in colonoscopy screening , and to the notion of false positives. The distinction between traditional hypothesis testing and the Bayesian approach in terms of rejecting a null hypothesis is also discussed. The ideas of Bayes are used to illuminate Stein’s paradox by examining in detail an example from baseball batting averages . Related concepts of regression to the mean and the role of sample variance are also applied to a variety of social and biological settings.
An Overview of Biochemical and Clinical Research on Coenzyme Q with Emphasis on Cardiomyopathy and Muscle Dystrophy

I am very pleased to be a participant in this Colloquium in honor of Dr. Tsoo King. This Colloquium on Membrane Biochemistry and Bioenergetics is a very nice tribute to Dr. King for his career of accomplishments. Since Dr. King invited me to present an overview, I include a little nostalgia, but I wish to emphasize some new data on the survival rates of patients with advanced cardiomyopathy when they are treated with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in addition to conventional therapy. Also, I shall emphasize some new data on treating patients with muscle dystrophy with CoQ10. The new therapy of muscle dystrophy with CoQ10 is the only known therapy which offers a better quality of life to such patients. This disease appears to be ideal for combining the biochemical and clinical aspects of CoQ10, and particularly because of the new availability of phosphorus NMR as currently studied by Britton Chance and other investigators. Phosphorus NMR allows the determinations of tissue levels of phosphocreatine, P1, and ATP with accuracy.
Why Resilience May Not Always Be a Good Thing: Lessons in Ecosystem Restoration from Glen Canyon and the Everglade

Designers and managers of ecosystem restoration plans face a significant challenge in recognizing and navigating the interplay between, and constraints imposed by, both the sociopolitical and biophysical worlds. By weaving ecological principles and legal analysis together, this article sheds light on the successes and failures of two landmark restoration projects: the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River and the Florida Everglades. These projects share common goals - to restore degraded habitat and to maintain water supplies. In the Grand Canyon, modest successes have been achieved through an adaptive management program that attempts to calibrate social and ecological objectives, while at the same time learning from bold experimentation and actively adapting management approaches. In the Everglades, however, the restoration plan has generated reams of scientific research but attempts to engage in actual restoration experiments and to adapt management approaches have gotten bogged down in the social, legal, and political domains, and as a result the Everglades plan has accomplished very little.The article focuses on three elemental ingredients of ecosystem restoration. The first is the emergent system property of resilience, which is the ability “to persist, buffer, and adapt to recurrent shocks without fundamentally changing, often unpredictably, into highly altered systems.” Resilience is a concept that describes a more complex model of change and restoration than conventional resource management goals related to maximizing social uses and achieving optimum yields of resource outputs. A second significant factor in achieving restoration goals is legislation and other legal requirements, which can either enable or constrain ecosystem restoration. The Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992 and the Everglades provisions of the Water Resources Development Act of 2000 specifically authorize restoration. At the same time, existing, generally applicable legislation, such as the Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act, adds to the complexities of ecosystem restoration. The third factor involves the administration of legislation through agencies’ initiatives and public participation, particularly stakeholder involvement. Whether combative, collaborative, or somewhere in between, the participants’ commitment to experimentation and adaptation in the implementation of a restoration plan has a profound influence on the speed and trajectory of restoration success or failure.
Experimental Validation of an Additively Manufactured Stiffness-Optimized Short-Fiber Reinforced Composite Clevis Joint

This effort describes experiments for the validation of the response of an additively manufactured stiffness-optimized short-fiber reinforced composite. A Direct Ink Write (DIW) method is used to additively manufacture a clevis joint plate which was designed such that its compliance would be minimized (i.e., stiffness maximized) for far-field axial loading. A unique aspect of the optimization scheme is that it accounts for manufacturing constraints, such as tool turn radius and tool path spacing. Along with the optimized clevis joint plate, additively manufactured 0°–90° and ± 45° composite plates of the same number of layers, as well as a control 0°–90° sample of resin only, were also studied. In addition to far-field load-displacement, near-field strain was monitored using digital image correlation (DIC). The results showed that the optimized plate did indeed exhibit the largest stiffness, based on far-field measurements. DIC-measured strains showed that locally the axial strain component, which is the largest, was also minimized for the optimized specimen, although the other strain components followed different trends. Furthermore, in the experiments it was seen that the optimized design exhibited a nonlinear/hysteretic behavior which is believed to be a consequence of its internal gap/cell structure. This internal structure, which results by optimized placement of material, although explicitly not accounted for in the optimization, may affect global response. Finally, although not a part of the optimization study itself, the failure load for the optimized joint plate was also seen to be the largest of all the cases studied.
Parents’ attitudes toward post-operative narcotic use in pediatric patients

Abstract Objective To understand parent perceptions of post-operative narcotic use in the pediatric otolaryngology patient population. Methods This was a descriptive survey of caregivers on children being seen in a university pediatric otolaryngology clinic. Caregiver role, age of child, previous exposure to analgesics, choice of analgesics, comfort and concern with narcotic use in this child, knowledge of narcotic side effects, and knowledge about narcotic disposal were included. Comfort and concern questions were scored on a 10-point VAS where the higher numbers indicated more concern/discomfort. Results 301 caregivers participated, 84.5% were mothers, 11% were fathers and the rest were custodial grandparents. 45.2% knew someone addicted to narcotics. Respondents were uncomfortable with their child experiencing pain in a hypothetical postoperative situation, with 63.9% having at least some discomfort with it. First choice of medication to treat hypothetical post-tonsillectomy pain was ibuprofen (47.5%) followed by acetaminophen (38.9%). 29.9% were concerned about addiction, and 26.6% were concerned about drowsiness as a sequela of narcotic use. There were significant differences between respondents who knew a person addicted to narcotics and those who did not for comfort using narcotics in their child (VAS median 6.0 versus 5.0, p = 0.025), concern that their child would become addicted to narcotics (VAS median 5.0 versus 2.0, p = 0.001), concern about side effects (VAS median 7.0 versus 6.0, p = 0.007) and concern about having narcotics in the home (VAS median 3.0 versus 0.0, p Conclusions The national opioid epidemic exposes more parents to narcotic addiction in the community, which affects their perceptions of pediatric post-operative narcotic use. These experiences may need to be considered when planning postoperative pain management strategies in children.
Unified lensing and kinematic analysis for any elliptical mass profile

We demonstrate an efficient method to compute the strong-gravitational-lensing deflection angle and magnification for any elliptical surface-density profile. This method solves a numerical hurdle in lens modelling that has lacked a general solution for nearly three decades. The hurdle emerges because it is prohibitive to derive analytic expressions of the lensing quantities for most elliptical mass profiles. In our method, we first decompose an elliptical mass profile into Gaussian components. We introduce an integral transform that provides us with a fast and accurate algorithm for the Gaussian decomposition. We derive analytic expressions of the lensing quantities for a Gaussian component. As a result, we can compute these quantities for the total mass profile by adding up the contributions from the individual components. This lensing analysis self-consistently completes the kinematic description in terms of Gaussian components presented by Cappellari (2008). Our method is general without extra computational burden unlike other methods currently in use.
3-D Image Reconstruction and Display in X-Ray Crystallography and in Electron Microscopy Using Holographic Opto-Digital Computing

There is a need in crystallography for displaying 3-D structures directly from crystallographic data(struc ture-factor amplitudes with determined phases,e,g.as obtained with the aid of computerized diffractometers) without(or prior to) manual model building[1–7](*).This is.required notably for large molecules in X-ray crystallography and should be helpful also in electron microscopy of viruses and other biological structures[8–9].
Evaluation of the Sex-and-Age-Specific Effects of PM2.5 on Hospital Readmission in the Presence of the Competing Risk of Mortality in the Medicare Population of Utah 1999–2009

Acute ambient air pollution exposure increases risk of cardiac events. We evaluated sex-and-age-specific effects of PM2.5 on hospital readmission and death among 19,602 Medicare beneficiaries (Nevents = 30,510) who survived cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cardiac arrhythmias in Utah from 1999–2009. Fine and Gray regression jointly modeled the effect of PM2.5 on readmission hazard rates while allowing for the competing risk of death. Models were stratified by age and sex and adjusted for Charlson Comorbidity Index, dual enrollment in Medicare Parts A and B, temperature, and household income. There were 2032 cardiac readmissions and 1420 deaths after discharge. Among males age 65–74 years admitted for HF, a 10 μm/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 30% increase in risk of readmission (p = 0.01). Among females age 75–84 admitted for HF, PM2.5 was associated with a 22% increase in risk of readmission (p = 0.01). Among females age 75–84 years admitted for IHD, PM2.5 was associated with a 25% decrease in readmission (p = 0.01), however this was explained by a 36% increase in risk of death (p = 0.01). Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of readmission and death. Associations were dependent upon age, sex, and index condition.
Peak magnitudes of supraglottal air pressure associated with affricated and nonaffricated stop consonant productions in Hindi

Abstract Peak magnitudes of supraglottal air pressure were obtained, under a variety of conditions, from three normal adult speakers in Hindi during the production of stop consonants. The stops were produced in CVCVC nonsense utterances which were embedded in the carrier phrase, “ye—hae.” Significant differences in peak magnitudes associated with the stop productions were found as a function of place of articulation and utterance position. Peak magnitudes were always significantly higher for unvoiced stops than for voiced stops. Aspirated stops, in general, showed higher peak magnitudes than unaspirated stops, but a significant level of difference in peak magnitudes was reached only under voiced conditions. Differences in peak magnitudes as a function of stress were significant under voiced conditions; under unvoiced conditions the differences were less pronounced.
A dyadic approach to attachment anxiety and avoidance, marital conflict, and drinking.

In this research, we integrate attachment theory and dyadic methodology to examine how attachment anxiety and avoidance might interact with marital conflict to influence alcohol consumption, drinki...
Stillborn Plots: Revolution, Imagination, and the Failure of Romanticism

Clayton Carlyle Tarr, “Stillborn Plots: Revolution, Imagination, and the Failure of Romanticism” (pp. 415–447) The metaphor “fell stillborn from the press” was used frequently by Romantic-era critics to disparage unsuccessful literary productions. Stillbirth statistics began to be collected in earnest in the late eighteenth century alongside an explosion of midwifery texts and obstetric advances. Since Romantic authors often referred to their texts as offspring, it is useful to understand stillbirth plots in these texts as evidence of the authors’ anxiety over imaginative or revolutionary failure. Stillbirth plots are a recurrent theme in Romantic literature, appearing in both novels and poetry, and they are tied together by the mental struggle of the creator, either female or male. In Romantic novels, stillbirth plots signal the defeat of radical theories, whereas in poetry they express the failure of the imagination. Ultimately, these metaphors of failed parturition demonstrate Romantic writers’ fascination with contemporary obstetrics, which made extraordinary advances in the late eighteenth century only to remain static throughout the nineteenth century.
Effect of Fiber Content Variation in Plastic Hinge Region of Reinforced UHPC Flexural Members

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is used for the construction of resilient structures that can sustain dynamic loadings such as blast, impact, and earthquake loadings, among others. In structural components subjected to such loading, it is essential to ensure the formation of a ductile plastic hinge mechanism for suitable load transfer mechanisms and global stability of the structure. Experimental research is needed to understand the formation of plastic hinges in UHPC materials and the impact of plastic hinges on the rotation capacity of reinforced UHPC structural components. The study presented herein aims to understand the spread of plasticity and formation of plastic hinge regions in reinforced UHPC flexural members. Two reinforced UHPC beams with variation in fiber volume fraction (i.e., \( V_{f} \) = 1% and 2%) were subjected to monotonic loading. The test results demonstrated that the reinforcement plasticity length increased by 26% with a decrease in fiber volume fraction from 2% to 1%. The plastic hinge region of specimens with 2% fiber content had crack localization within the maximum moment region, whereas the specimen with 1% fiber content had a more uniformly distributed localized crack pattern. Further, analytical models and a recently proposed equivalent plastic hinge length equation were used to predict and compare the flexural strength and rotation values at various damage states.
Modelling and dynamic behavior of a vibratory roller for soil compacting based on lumped-parameter method

La interaccion entre un rodillo y el suelo es un problema dinamico complejo que se ha convertido en un importante requisito teorico que limita el diseno de los rodillos y la aplicacion de un rodillo avanzado en el desarrollo de la inteligencia y la informatizacion en la industria de los rodillos. Para aclarar el mecanismo de interaccion entre un rodillo y el suelo durante el proceso de compactado, se establecio un modelo de dos grados de libertad (DOF) de parametros agrupados para un sistema de acoplamiento vibratorio entre el rodillo y el suelo, teniendo en cuenta el estado de contacto del suelo y el rodillo. Sobre la base de la ecuacion dinamica del sistema, los efectos del suelo y la fuerza de excitacion en el comportamiento dinamico del rodillo se revelaron mediante la introduccion de ciertos parametros. Los resultados muestran que las frecuencias naturales del sistema aumentan obviamente desde el principio hasta la etapa intermedia de compactado, pero las frecuencias naturales solo tienen ligeros aumentos despues de la etapa intermedia de compactado, mientras que el tambor permanece en contacto con el suelo. En comparacion con la etapa inicial y la etapa intermedia, se puede observar que las frecuencias naturales primera y segunda aumentan 0,29 veces y 0,43 veces, respectivamente. Con el aumento de la compactacion del suelo, aumenta la posibilidad de que el estado de vibracion del rodillo pase de la estabilidad al caos. El aumento de la frecuencia de la fuerza de excitacion y la disminucion de la amplitud de la fuerza de excitacion pueden mejorar eficazmente la vibracion del sistema, y el comportamiento dinamico del sistema es mas sensible a la frecuencia. El modelado y el analisis dinamico de un rodillo vibratorio se presentan en este estudio. El modelo puede utilizarse para el analisis teorico del reconocimiento de la vibracion del rodillo, y las conclusiones proporcionan una referencia para el diseno y la aplicacion de un rodillo.
Ultrasound classification-guided minimally invasive rotary cutting in granulomatous lobular mastitis.

To summarize the clinical experience of ultrasound-guided minimally invasive surgery for granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM), and explore the feasibility of this technique for treating GLM. This retrospective study reviewed the clinical features and treatment outcome of 30 patients who were diagnosed pathologically as GLM from 2016.3 to 2019.5 in the Department of Breast Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University. These patients weretreated with ultrasound-guided Mammotome minimally invasive surgery, and we tried to classified the lesion into four distinct patterns (diffuse abscess mixed type, sheet hypoechoic type, localized abscess type, localized hypoechoic mass type) according to the sonographic findings and clinical symptoms to find out if these patterns correlated with treatment and recurrence rate. After a median follow-up of 12 months on average (4–42 months), 26 cases (86.7%) were cured without acute or chronic complications such as disseminated inflammation and bleeding. Post-operative bleeding occurred in 1 case, and 3 cases (10.00%) relapsed. The ultrasound classification had 0 cases of diffuse abscess mixed type, 17 cases (56.7%) of sheet hypoechoic type, 9 cases (30%) of localized abscess type, and 4 cases (13.3%) of localized hypoechoic mass type. All 3 recurrent cases were sheet hypoechoic type, which were cured after another open surgical resection and showed no recurrence during an average follow-up of 20 months (11–40 months). In treating GLM patients with minimally invasive rotary cutting, ultrasound classification helps to select suitable patients, especially those with localized abscess and localized hypoechoic mass types with low recurrence rate, which is one of the safe and effective treatment methods.
Solvent manipulation of the pre-reduction metal-ligand complex and particle-ligand binding for controlled synthesis of Pd nanoparticles.

Understanding how to control the nucleation and growth rates is crucial for designing nanoparticles with specific sizes and shapes. In this study, we show that the nucleation and growth rates are correlated with the thermodynamics of metal–ligand/solvent binding for the pre-reduction complex and the surface of the nanoparticle, respectively. To obtain these correlations, we measured the nucleation and growth rates by in situ small angle X-ray scattering during the synthesis of colloidal Pd nanoparticles in the presence of trioctylphosphine in solvents of varying coordinating ability. The results show that the nucleation rate decreased, while the growth rate increased in the following order, toluene, piperidine, 3,4-lutidine and pyridine, leading to a large increase in the final nanoparticle size (from 1.4 nm in toluene to 5.0 nm in pyridine). Using density functional theory (DFT), complemented by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we calculated the reduction Gibbs free energies of the solvent-dependent dominant pre-reduction complex and the solvent-nanoparticle binding energy. The results indicate that lower nucleation rates originate from solvent coordination which stabilizes the pre-reduction complex and increases its reduction free energy. At the same time, DFT calculations suggest that the solvent coordination affects the effective capping of the surface where stronger binding solvents slow the nanoparticle growth by lowering the number of active sites (not already bound by trioctylphosphine). The findings represent a promising advancement towards understanding the microscopic connection between the metal–ligand thermodynamic interactions and the kinetics of nucleation and growth to control the size of colloidal metal nanoparticles.
Combining photoredox catalysis and oxoammonium cations for the oxidation of aromatic alcohols to carboxylic acids

Abstract A methodology is reported for converting alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids. A dual catalytic system involving a merger of photoredox catalysis and 4-acetamido-TEMPO is employed to carry out this oxidation process.