cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generating GO Slim Using Relational Database Management Systems to Support Proteomics Analysis

The Gene Ontology Consortium built the Gene Ontology database (GO) to address the need for a common standard in naming genes and gene products. Using different names for the same concepts and different concepts with the same name makes it effectively impossible for humans and computers alike to analyze biological processes across different organisms. The consortium addresses this need by defining terms for categorizing genes and gene products. A convention in GO is that each gene or gene product is annotated to the most specific GO term in the GO database. It is, however, also useful for researchers to be able to group genesor gene products into broad biological categories that give a higher-level view of their function when analyzing results of an experiment. A GO Slim is a subset of the GO ontology that provides such a higher-level view of functions. Existing GO Slim generation tools have two important limitations: programming language dependence, and an inability to dynamically generate a GO Slim while analyzing. We have extended the relational database engine to dynamically generate a GO Slim overcoming this limitations. Using this extension, we have developed a tool (Dynamic GOSlim) that dynamically generates a GO Slim and uses the generated GO Slim to categorize genes or gene products. This tool is being used in an ongoing proteomics project aimed at identifying possible oral cancer biomarkers in saliva.
Disturbance attenuation in a magnetic levitation system with acceleration feedback

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the use of acceleration feedback to improve the performance of a maglev system, especially in disturbance attenuation. In the single degree-of-freedom (DOF) system studied here, acceleration feedback has the effect of virtually increasing inertia, damping and stiffness. It is shown that it can be used to increase disturbance rejection without sacrificing tracking performance. Both analytical and experimental results demonstrate that disturbance rejection can be improved with acceleration feedback.
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Glucose Maintenance in the Very Low Birth Weight Infant

The low birth weight premature newborn, less than 1000 gm, represents a difficult problem in the management of parenteral fluid, electrolyte, and glucose maintenance. To assess this problem, six infants (mean weight 720 gm, range 575-835 gm; mean gestation 26.5 +/- 0.4 SEM wk) nursed under radiant warmers were evaluated during the first three days of life to determine volume of fluid intake, sodium and dextrose intakes, and urine output. Insensible water loss (IWL) was measured on a metabolic scale. In accordance with current recommendations, infant received fluid volumes of 111 +/- 10, 152 +/- 16, and 191 +/- 27 ml/kg/day on days 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Sodium intake (usually as 0.2% saline) ranges 0-8.5 mEq/kg/day. Dextrose infusions (as 10% solution) ran from 3.3 to 13.7 mg/kg/min. Insensible water loss measured 159 +/- 15 ml/kg/day. Despite increasing fluid intake, serum sodium concentration increased from 141 +/- 3 mEq/l on day 1 to 155 +/- 7 mEq/l on day 3 (p less than 0.05). None of the infants became oliguric and only two urine specimens had specific gravity greater than 1.015. These data demonstrate a larger insensible water loss than reported previously in small infants, but increasing the administration of standard 10% dextrose and 0.2% saline solution to balance insensible losses may result in sodium and glucose overload. Recommendations are made for adjusting parenteral fluid therapy for birth weight groups 600-800, 801-1000, 1001-1500, and 1501-2000 grams and for environmental conditions or radiant warmer or incubator, with or without plastic shielding or phototherapy.
Specific Neosaxitoxin Interactions with the Na+ Channel Outer Vestibule Determined by Mutant Cycle Analysis

The voltage-gated Na+ channel alpha-subunit consists of four homologous domains arranged circumferentially to form the pore. Several neurotoxins, including saxitoxin (STX), block the pore by binding to the outer vestibule of this permeation pathway, which is composed of four pore-forming loops (P-loops), one from each domain. Neosaxitoxin (neoSTX) is a variant of STX that differs only by having an additional hydroxyl group at the N1 position of the 1,2,3 guanidinium (N1-OH). We used this structural variant in mutant cycle experiments to determine interactions of the N1-OH and its guanidinium with the outer vestibule. NeoSTX had a higher affinity for the adult rat skeletal muscle Na+ channel (muI or Scn4a) than for STX (DeltaG approximately = 1.3 kcal/mol). Mutant cycle analysis identified groups that potentially interacted with each other. The N1 toxin site interacted most strongly with muI Asp-400 and Tyr-401. The interaction between the N1-OH of neoSTX and Tyr-401 was attractive (DeltaDeltaG = -1.3 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol), probably with formation of a hydrogen bond. A second possible attractive interaction to Asp-1532 was identified. There was repulsion between Asp-400 and the N1-OH (DeltaDeltaG = 1.4 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol), and kinetic analysis further suggested that the N1-OH was interacting negatively with Asp-400 at the transition state. Changes in pH altered the affinity of neoSTX, as would be expected if the N1-OH site were partially deprotonated. These interactions offer an explanation for most of the difference in blocking efficacy between neoSTX and STX and for the sensitivity of neoSTX to pH. Kinetic analysis suggested significant differences in coupling energies between the transition and the equilibrium, bound states. This is the first report to identify points of interaction between a channel and a non-peptide toxin. This interaction pattern was consistent with previous proposals describing the interactions of STX with the outer vestibule (Lipkind, G. M., and H. A. Fozzard. 1994. Biophys. J. 66:1-13; Penzotti, J. L., G. Lipkind, H. A. Fozzard, and S. C. Dudley, Jr. 1998. Biophys. J. 75:2647-2657).
High-speed quantum key distribution systems for optical fiber networks in campus and metro areas

Complete high-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) systems over fiber networks for campus and metro areas have been developed at NIST. The systems include an 850-nm QKD system for a campus network, a 1310-nm QKD system for metro networks, and a 3-user QKD network and network manager. In this paper we describe the key techniques used to implement these systems, including polarization recovery, noise reduction, frequency up-conversion detection based on PPLN waveguide, custom high-speed data handling and network management. A QKD-secured video surveillance system has been used to experimentally demonstrate these systems.
Structure and vibrational dynamics of the halogen-substituted butynes HC≡CCH2CH2X (X = F, Cl, Br) from molecular-beam high-resolution microwave and infrared spectroscopy

The pure rotational and high-resolution acetylenic C–H stretch rovibrational spectra of a series of substituted butynes, HCCCH2CH2X (X = F,Cl,Br), are reported. For each of the molecules the pure rotational spectrum of two conformational isomers (trans and gauche) has been assigned. For the Cl and Br substituted compounds the pure rotational spectrum of two isotopic species has been assigned (35Cl, 37Cl and 79Br, 81Br) for each conformer. An analysis of the nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure in the pure rotational spectrum shows good agreement with structural parameters obtained through electronic structure calculations. The rotational transitions are used to obtain full rotational assignment of the acetylenic C–H stretch vibrational band of the more stable trans conformers through infrared-microwave double-resonance spectroscopy. The rotational band contours are predominantly a-type for all three halobutynes. The rotational structure of the band displays separations characteristic of the trans conformer. This result reflects the fact that the bright state for the vibrational spectrum retains the ground state conformation. From the eigenstate-resolved spectra we determine the timescale for intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR). The IVR rate obtained from the high-resolution spectrum provides an upper limit to the isomerization rate following coherent vibrational excitation. The IVR lifetimes of the acetylenic C–H stretch have been determined to be 1.5 ns for trans-4-fluorobut-1-yne, 3.5 ns for trans-4-chlorobut-1-yne, and 2.0 ns for trans-4-bromobut-1-yne. In all cases, the upper limit isomerization rate inferred from the vibrational spectrum is three orders-of-magnitude slower than the RRKM rate calculated using the ab initio barrier heights. Although direct dynamical information about the isomerization rate cannot be obtained from the spectrum, evidence is found for conformational isomerization occurring through the J-dependent growth of the measured rovibrational state density.
“Creating a Little Mischief”: A Portrait of Mildred Jeffrey's 65 Years as an Activist

Mildred Jeffrey has contributed significantly to the labor movement, the civil rights movement, and the women's movement. Her many years of commitment to major U.S. social movements, coupled with her vital personality and indefatigable energy, have resulted in both an impressive list of accomplishments and increasing public recognition. Her story is important for its historical significance; as amodel of the use of primary sources, such as interviews and archival materials; and as a reminder of the many compelling stories still to be told and shared.
Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Expression After Vascular Injury. Differing Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Angiotensin Receptor Blockade

It has been suggested that the effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers are in part because of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) signaling. Interactions between the AT2R and kinins modulate cardiovascular function. Because AT2R expression increases after vascular injury, we hypothesized that the effects on vascular remodeling of the AT1R blocker valsartan and the ACE inhibitor benazepril require AT2R signaling through the bradykinin 1 and 2 receptors (B1R and B2R). To test this hypothesis, Brown Norway rats were assigned to 8 treatments (n=16): valsartan, valsartan+PD123319 (AT2R inhibitor), valsartan+des-arg9-[Leu8]-bradykinin (B1R inhibitor), valsartan+HOE140 (B2R inhibitor), benazepril, benazepril+HOE140, amlodipine, and vehicle. After 1 week of treatment, carotid balloon injury was performed. Two weeks later, carotids were harvested for morphometry and analysis of receptor expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Valsartan and benazepril significantly reduced the intima:media ratio compared with vehicle. Blockade of AT2R, B1R, or B2R in the presence of valsartan prevented the reduction seen with valsartan alone. B2R blockade inhibited the effect of benazepril. Injury increased AT1R, AT2R, B1R, and B2R expression. Treatment with valsartan but not benazepril significantly increased intima AT2R expression 2-fold compared with vehicle, which was not reversed by inhibition of AT2R, B1R, and B2R. Functionally, valsartan increased intimal cGMP levels compared with vehicle, and this increase was inhibited by blocking the AT2R, B1R, and B2R. Results suggest that AT2R expression and increased cGMP represent a molecular mechanism that differentiates AT1R blockers, such as valsartan, from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors like benazepril.
An evidence-based curriculum to prepare students for global nursing practice

Abstract This article describes a curriculum designed to prepare nurses for global public health practice. Designed to be adapted to meet the needs of either undergraduate or graduate students, the curriculum uses the Internet to provide the knowledge and skills needed by nurses to effectively practice in areas around the globe. This course offering integrates the disciplines of nursing and public health with state-of-the-art technology to teach nurses how to identify the health care needs of populations, prioritize national and international responses, and design health care delivery services to meet these needs.
Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of a Global Solar Corona Using a Temperature Distribution Map Obtained from SOHO EIT Measurements

The temperature at the base of the solar corona is one of the important factors in determining the solar coronal structure. In this Letter, we performed the time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation for the solar corona utilizing the temperature map derived from the multiwavelength observation by the EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory(SOHO) and the magnetic field map from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on SOHO. We analyzed the difference in three-dimensional magnetic field topology obtained when the uniform base temperature adopted in standard simulations is replaced by the observation-based, nonuniform temperature distribution. The differences in the magnetic field topology obtained as the response of the solar corona to the changes of the temperature at the coronal base depict the role of the plasma conditions at the coronal base in the dynamics of the global solar corona. This work is our first effort to utilize the data of the solar coronal plasma as the boundary condition to enhance the MHD simulations of a solar corona. Subject headings: methods: numerical — MHD — solar wind — Sun: corona Online material: color figures
Transient phenomena in thixotropic systems

Abstract A nonlinear rheological model which accounts for the time-dependent elastic, viscous and yielding phenomena is developed in order to describe the flow behavior of thixotropic materials which exhibit yield stress. A key feature of the formulation is a smooth transition from an ‘elastically’ dominated response to a ‘viscous’ response without a discontinuity in the stress–strain curve. The model is phenomenological and is based on the kinetic processes responsible for structural changes within the thixotropic material. As such, it can predict thixotropic effects, such as stress overshoot during start-up of a steady shear flow and stress relaxation after cessation of flow. Thus this model extends a previously proposed viscoplastic model [J. Rheol. 34 (1991) 647] to include thixotropy. An analysis and comparison to experimental data involving oscillatory shear flow are provided to evaluate the accuracy of the model and to estimate the model parameters in a prototype concentrated suspension. The experiments were conducted using a series of concentrated suspensions of silicon particles and silicon carbide whiskers in polyethylene. The data obtained with this experimental system indicated much better agreement between the theory and experiments that obtained in earlier work.
Patients with diffusion-perfusion mismatch on magnetic resonance imaging 48 hours or more after stroke symptom onset: clinical and imaging features.

Background. Abnormalities in diffusion-weighted (DWI) and perfusion-weighted (PWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are thought to reflect the presence of brain tissue at risk for ischemic stroke. Many patients with acute ischemic stroke have a mismatch pattern in which the PWI volume is larger than the DWI lesion. This mismatch typically resolves over 24-48 hours. Little is known about the presence of DWI-PWI mismatch in later stages of stroke. Methods. This is a retrospective study of 122 patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke who had DWI and PWI abnormalities on studies performed within 7 days of onset of symptoms. Patients were divided into two groups: those with MRI performed <48 hours and those with MRI performed ≥48 hours from onset of symptoms. Results. Among 42 patients with MRI performed ≥48 hours after onset of stroke symptoms, 15 of 42 (36%) showed a mismatch pattern, compared to 45 of 80 (56%) in the <48 hours group (P < 0.05). Most of the patients in the ≥48 hours group with mismatch had large artery occlusive disease and many had neurological fluctuations. A subset of these patients were treated with induced hypertension and showed clinical improvement. Conclusions. Some patients have persistent DWI-PWI mismatch up to several days after stroke onset. Further studies are needed to determine if these patients should be candidates for reperfusion therapy.
Online and in-person health-seeking for infertility.

Abstract Using data from Wave 1 (2004–2006) of the National Survey of Fertility Barriers (NSFB), a national probability sample of women ages 25–45, we examine online information-seeking among ever-infertile women. Of the 1352 women who met criteria for infertility, 459 (34%) neither talked to a doctor nor went online for information, 9% went online only for information, 32% talked to a doctor but did not go online, and 25% did both. Guided by Chrisman's Health-Seeking Model and previous research on Internet use to obtain health information, we employ multinomial logistic regression to compare these four groups of ever-infertile women. Findings generally support Chrisman's model. Infertile women tend to seek information online as a complement to, rather than as a substitute for, in-person health-seeking. Greater faith in the ability of medical science to treat infertility and greater perceived stigma were associated with higher odds of using the Internet to obtain information about infertility. In general, women who perceived the symptoms of infertility as more salient had higher odds of using both online and in-person or only in-person health-seeking compared to online health-seeking. Women with greater resources had higher odds of using online sources of information. Strong network encouragement to seek treatment was associated with higher odds of in-person health-seeking and combining in-person and online health-seeking compared to only going online or doing nothing.
Flow in deformable porous media. Part 2 Numerical analysis - the relationship between shock waves and solitary waves

Using numerical schemes, this paper demonstrates how viscous resistance to volume changes modifies the simplest shock wave solutions presented in Part 1. For an initial condition chosen to form a step-function shock, viscous resistance causes the shock to disperse into a rank-ordered wavetrain of solitary waves. Large obstructions in flux produce large-amplitude, slow-moving wavetrains while smaller shocks shed small-amplitude waves. While the viscous resistance term is initially important over a narrow boundary layer, information about obstructions in the flux can propagate over many compaction lengths through the formation of non-zero wavelength porosity waves. For large-amplitude shocks, information can actually propagate backwards relative to the matrix. The physics of dispersion is discussed and a physical argument is presented to parameterize the amplitude of the wavetrain as a function of the amplitude of the predicted shock. This quantitative relationship between the prediction of shocks and the development of solitary waves also holds when mass transfer between solid and liquid is included. Melting causes solitary waves to decrease in amplitude but the process is reversible and freezing can cause small perturbations in the fluid flux to amplify into large-amplitude waves. These model problems show that the equations governing volume changes of the matrix are inherently time dependent. Perturbations to steady-state solutions propagate as nonlinear waves and these problems demonstrate several initial conditions that do not relax to steady state. If these equations describe processes such as magma migration in the Earth, then these processes should be inherently episodic in space and time.
Application of the Balanced Scorecard to Realize Strategic Management of Wildlife Resources

Application of the balanced scorecard to realize strategic management of wildlife resources. DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v29i2_rios
Instructor and graduate teaching assistant development and training for a blended linear circuits and electronics course

This paper discusses a training program that we are developing and are using for instructors who teach a circuits and electronics course in a blended format. The course has over 450 students enrolled in nine different sections each semester and has been taught in a blended format for six semesters. A key motivation for teaching the course in this format is to improve consistency across sections, which necessitates the need for training among the instructors on how to teach blended courses.
Using pulse testing for leakage detection in carbon storage reservoirs: A field demonstration

Abstract Monitoring techniques capable of deep subsurface detection are desirable for early warning and leakage pathway identification in geologic carbon storage formations. This work demonstrates the feasibility of a pulse-testing-based leakage detection procedure, in which the storage reservoir is stimulated using periodic injection patterns and the acquired pressure perturbation signals are analyzed in the frequency domain to detect potential deviations in the reservoir's frequency domain responses. Unlike the traditional well testing and associated time domain analyses, pulse testing aims to minimize the interference of reservoir operations and other ambient noise by selecting appropriate pulsing frequencies such that reservoir responses to coded injection patterns can be uniquely determined in frequency domain. Field demonstration of this pulse-testing leakage detection technique was carried out at a CO2 enhanced oil recovery site—the Cranfield site located in Mississippi, USA, which has long been used as a carbon storage research site. During the demonstration, two sets of pulsing experiments (baseline and leak tests) were performed using 90-min and 150-min pulsing periods to demonstrate feasibility of time-lapse leakage detection. For leak tests, an artificial leakage source was created through rate-controlled venting of CO2 from one of the monitoring wells because of the lack of known leakage pathways at the site. Our results show that leakage events caused a significant deviation in the amplitude of the frequency response function, indicating that pulse testing may be deployed as a cost-effective active monitoring technique, with a great potential for site-wide automated monitoring.
Discovering compositional trends in Mars rock targets from ChemCam spectroscopy and remote imaging

Onboard the Mars rover “Curiosity”, ChemCam contains two instruments that gather geological data in the form of remote micro images (RMI) for geologic context and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for chemical composition. By analyzing the geochemical compositional depth trends of rocks, surface layers are identified that provide clues to the past atmospheric and aqueous conditions of the planet. LIBS produces the necessary data of chemical depth profiles with successive laser shots. To quickly identify these surface layers, we fit a Gaussian graphical model (GGM) to LIBS depth profiles on rock targets. The learned GGM is a visual representation of conditional dependencies among the set of shots making for faster identification of targets with interesting depth trends that warrant more in-depth analysis by experts. We show that our learned GGMs reveal information about the compositional trends present in rock targets that match observations made in more focused studies on these same targets. RMI images provide complementary details about the rock surface. Using RMI and LIBS features, we can cluster similar rock targets by the properties of the rock's surface texture and depth profile. We present results that show our machine learning methods can help analyze both the breadth and depth of data collected by ChemCam.
The Vasodilator Properties of a Pancreatic Extract.

Summary1. Pancreatic extract in concentrations of 0.2 to 1% causes a transient but significant increase in coronary sinus outflow in the denervated and innervated heart-lung preparation. 2. Femoral blood flow in anesthetized cats may be increased by 100 to 650% following doses of 0.005 to 0.02 cc of pancreatic extract injected intra-arterially. The effect lasts no more than 2 or 3 minutes. 3. Doses of 1 cc of pancreatic extract cause a transient dilatation of the arterial bed of the perfused dog head. 4. Doses of 0.01 cc have no regular effect upon arterial pressure when injected intravenously into anesthetized cats. Doses of 0.1 cc cause a 50% fall in arterial pressure lasting only one or 2 minutes, followed by a rise of 25 to 30% above the control level lasting for 3 or 4 minutes. Femoral blood flow appears to follow passively the arterial pressure; vasodilatation probably occurs chiefly in the visceral vascular beds.
Estrogen modulates the dimensions of the lung's gas-exchange surface area and alveoli in female rats

Sexually mature virgin female rats and mice have a higher mass-specific gas-exchange surface area (Sa) and smaller alveoli than same-aged males even though mass-specific oxygen consumption (VO2) is the same, within species, in both sexes (G. D. Massaro, J. P. Mortola, and D. Massaro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 1105-1107, 1995). We now report that rats subjected to ovariectomy at age 21 days had, at age 59 days, a smaller mass-specific Sa and larger alveoli than sham-ovariectomized rats; these differences were not due to differences in VO2 and were prevented by estrogen therapy. Furthermore, sham-ovariectomized rats treated with estrogen had smaller and more alveoli than sham-operated females not given estrogen. Androgenization of newborn female rats did not alter mass-specific Sa or alveolar size. Male mice genetically deficient in androgen receptors had the same mass-specific Sa as normal male littermates. We conclude that estrogen is responsible for the sexual dimorphism of the lung's gas-exchange region and induces the formation of smaller, more numerous alveoli in otherwise untreated female rats.
Bioengineered non-coding RNA agent (BERA) in action

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are important players in the control of gene regulation and represent novel promising therapeutic targets or agents for the treatment of various diseases. While synthetic ncRNAs are predominately utilized, the effects of excessive artificial modifications on higher-order structures, activities and toxicities of ncRNAs remain uncertain. Inspired by recombinant protein technology allowing large-scale bioengineering of proteins for research and therapy, efforts have been made to develop practical and effective means to bioengineer ncRNA agents. The fermentation-based approaches shall offer biological ncRNA agents with natural modifications and proper folding critical for ncRNA structure, function and safety. In this article, we will summarize current recombinant RNA platforms to the production of ncRNA agents including siRNAs and miRNAs. The applications of bioengineered ncRNA agents for basic research and potential therapeutics are also discussed.
Patient Experiences Using an Inpatient Personal Health Record

Objective: To investigate patients’ experience using an inpatient personal health record (PHR) on a tablet computer to increase engagement in their hospital care. Methods: We performed observations and conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 post-operative cardiac surgical patients and their family members who received an inpatient PHR. Themes were identified using an inductive coding scheme. Results: All participants responded favorably to having access to view their clinical information. A majority (85.7%) of participants used the application following an initial training session. Patients reported high satisfaction with being able to view their hospital medications and access educational materials related to their medical conditions. Patients reported a desire to view daily progress reports about their hospital stay and have access to educational information about their post-acute recovery. In addition, patients expressed a common desire to view their diagnoses, laboratory test results, radiology reports, and procedure notes in language that is patient-friendly. Conclusion: Patients have unmet information needs in the hospital setting. Our findings suggest that for some inpatients and their family members, providing personalized health information through a tablet computer may improve satisfaction, decrease anxiety, increase understanding of their health conditions, and improve safety and quality of care.
Electoral Guerrilla Theatre: Radical Ridicule and Social Movements

Praise for the First Edition: 'A major contribution to performance studies. If cynicism and political quietism have quelled your impulse to rage against this sorry state of affairs, Bogad demonstrates, with wit and verve, that it is possible to expose the sham and, through a variety of performative tactics, make a meaningful contribution to democracy.' Modern Drama 'A compelling and urgent read. Bogad’s passion for the topic reminds the reader of the exhilaration of live performance and the importance of engagement in democratic life.' Theatre Journal 'Delightfully written and wonderfully provocative ... Valuable reading for any scholar of social movements.' Mobilization 'As a guide to both theory and action, it is insightful, entertaining and indispensable.' Andrew Boyd, Wrangler-in-Chief, Beautiful Trouble 'Beautifully contextualized within social movement theory, this book enlivens the debate about performative interventions into power.'Jan Cohen-Cruz, Editor, Public, A Journal of Imagining America 'Electoral Guerrilla Theatre deals a refreshing wild card in the repertoire of resistance.' Baz Kershaw, Emeritus Professor, University of Warwick, and author of The Radical In Performance. In liberal democracies across the globe, where the right to vote is framed as both civil right and civic duty, disillusioned creative activists run for public office on satiric, ironic and iconoclastic platforms. With little intention of "winning" in the conventional sense, they use drag, camp and stand-up comedy to undermine the legitimacy of their opponents and sometimes the electoral system itself. This revised and updated edition of Electoral Guerrilla Theatre explores the phenomenon of the satirical election campaign, and questions the purpose of such public political performances. Drawing on extensive archival and ethnographic research, this is an entertaining and illuminating read that will be invaluable to students and scholars working across a variety of disciplines, including performance studies, the social sciences, cultural studies and politics. New case studies for this edition include: Reverend Billy’s run for Mayor of New York City in 2009; Stephen Colbert’s run for President in 2012; Candidates including Superbarrio, the Best Party, Antanas Mockus, and Einstein the Dog.
Max L. Baeumer, Heinse-Studien. Mit einer bisher unveröffentlichten Schrift Heinses zur Erfindutig der Buchdruckerkunst in Mainz: Stuttgart: J. B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1966. P. 214

(1969). Max L. Baeumer, Heinse-Studien. Mit einer bisher unveroffentlichten Schrift Heinses zur Erfindutig der Buchdruckerkunst in Mainz. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 160-163.
Erratum to: Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions in Family Members: Does a Positive Family History Impact Phenotypic Potency?

Background Although repetitive microtrauma and athletic overuse patterns are most commonly associated with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), recent studies have identified a potential genetic predisposition for OCD. Several case series have documented family pedigrees that support autosomal-dominant inheritance, but the families in these studies were all selected as a result of unique histories that may not accurately represent OCD inheritance patterns at large. Because there has been little investigation beyond these case reports, we aimed to describe a broader, more representative pattern of OCD inheritance applicable to all affected patients.
3D modeling of rapid thermal processors for design optimization of a new flexible RTP system

A "virtual reactor" methodology for optimal design of a rapid thermal processor (RTP) to obtain the best possible wafer temperature uniformity is described in this paper. Given the equipment configuration, e.g., the lamp array, a three-dimensional simulator is used to predict the wafer temperature profiles for various lamp array designs for different processing conditions. The only experimental input needed is the spatial light flux distribution of the individual tungsten-halogen bulb which forms the lamp array. The simulations show that the flux distribution of the heating source significantly affects the temperature pattern of the wafer. Based on these results, a new RTP system with an adjustable reflector and multivariable control has been designed. >
Normative Values for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Testing Among US Children Aged 6-11 years.

Background:Nationally representative normative values for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have not been described for US children since the mid 1980s. Objective:To provide sex- and age-specific normative values for CRF of US children aged 6–11 years. Methods:Data from 624 children aged 6–11 years who participated in the CRF testing as part of the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey, a cross-sectional survey, were analyzed. Participants were assigned to one of three age-specific protocols and asked to exercise to volitional fatigue. The difficulty of the protocols increased with successive age groups. CRF was assessed as maximal endurance time (min:sec). Data analysis was conducted in 2016. Results:For 6–7, 8–9, 10–11 year olds, corresponding with the age-specific protocols, mean endurance time was 12:10 min:sec (95% CI: 11:49–12:31), 11:16 min:sec (95% CI: 11:00–11:31), and 10:01 min:sec (95% CI: 9:37–10:25), respectively. Youth in the lowest 20th percentile...
Contact-dependent killing by Caulobacter crescentus via cell surface-associated, glycine zipper proteins

Most bacteria are in fierce competition with other species for limited nutrients. Some bacteria can kill nearby cells by secreting bacteriocins, a diverse group of proteinaceous antimicrobials. However, bacteriocins are typically freely diffusible, and so of little value to planktonic cells in aqueous environments. Here, we identify an atypical two-protein bacteriocin in the α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus that is retained on the surface of producer cells where it mediates cell contact-dependent killing. The bacteriocin-like proteins CdzC and CdzD harbor glycine-zipper motifs, often found in amyloids, and CdzC forms large, insoluble aggregates on the surface of producer cells. These aggregates can drive contact-dependent killing of other organisms, or Caulobacter cells not producing the CdzI immunity protein. The Cdz system uses a type I secretion system and is unrelated to previously described contact-dependent inhibition systems. However, Cdz-like systems are found in many bacteria, suggesting that this form of contact-dependent inhibition is common.
1D Genome Sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore MinION

Today's short-read sequencing instruments can generate read lengths between 50 bp and 700 bp depending on the specific instrument. These high-throughput sequencing approaches have revolutionized genomic science, allowing hundreds of thousands of full genomes to be sequenced, and have become indispensable tools for many researchers. With greater insight has come the revelation that many genomes are much more complicated than originally thought and include many rearrangements and copy-number variations. Unfortunately, short-read sequencing technologies are not well suited for identifying many of these types of events. Long-read sequencing technologies can read contiguous fragments of DNA in excess of 10 kb and are much better suited for detecting large structural events. The newest long-read sequencing instrument is the MinION device from Oxford Nanopore. The rapid sequencing speed and low upfront instrument cost are features drawing interest in this device from the genomics community. This unit provides a representative protocol for carrying out human genome sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore MinION. (c) 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improving the care of veterans: The role of nurse practitioners in team-based population health management

Background and purpose Improving healthcare delivery for U.S. veterans is a national priority. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) employs a variety of team-based, population health strategies to address critical issues in veterans’ health including the effective management of chronic disease. Nurse practitioners (NPs) are integral members of the VHA patient care team with a substantial role to play in the organization and delivery of healthcare services for veterans. This report explores the contributions of NPs in team-based, population health strategies within the VHA. Methods This review of the literature examines peer-reviewed articles published between 2006 and 2017 to explore the contributions of NPs in team-based, population health strategies within the VHA. Search words include veterans, VHA, NPs, population health, panel management, and chronic disease. Conclusions NPs are vital members of the VHA primary care team; however, there is a dearth of available evidence reflecting the unique contribution of NPs within VHA team-based, population health management strategies. Implications for practice The VHA adoption of full practice authority for NP practice provides NPs with an expanded capacity to lead improvements in veterans’ health. Future research is needed to fully understand the unique role of the NP in the delivery of population health management strategies for veterans.
Quantitative vascular neuroimaging of the rat brain using superparamagnetic nanoparticles: New insights on vascular organization and brain function

A method called Quantitative Ultra-Short Time-to-Echo Contrast Enhanced (QUTE-CE) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which utilizes superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a contrast agent to yield positive contrast angiograms with high clarity and definition is applied to the whole live rat brain. QUTE-CE MRI intensity data are particularly well suited for measuring quantitative cerebral blood volume (qCBV). A global map of qCBV in the awake resting-state with unprecedented detail was created via application of a 3D MRI rat brain atlas with 173 segmented and annotated brain areas. From this map we identified two distributed, integrated neural circuits showing the highest capillary densities in the brain. One is the neural circuitry involved with the primary senses of smell, hearing and vision and the other is the neural circuitry of memory. Under isoflurane anesthesia, these same circuits showed significant decreases in qCBV suggesting a role in consciousness. Neural circuits in the brainstem associated with the reticular activating system and the maintenance of respiration, body temperature and cardiovascular function showed an increase in qCBV with anesthesia. During awake CO2 challenge, 84 regions showed significant increases relative to an awake baseline state. This CO2 response provides a measure of cerebral vascular reactivity and regional perfusion reserve with the highest response measured in the somatosensory cortex. These results demonstrate the utility of QUTE-CE MRI for qCBV analysis and offer a new perspective on brain function and vascular organization.
Crystallographic Relations of Biaxial Crystals

The size, shape, and elongation of biaxial crystals are determined essentially the same way as for uniaxial crystals. The sign of elongation is defined somewhat more completely. Crystals may be elongated parallel to either X, Y, or Z, or to none of these. Crystals elongated parallel to Y are considered to have an indeterminate (±) sign of elongation.
Locally adaptive decision in detection of clustered microcalcifications in mammograms.

In computer-aided detection or diagnosis of clustered microcalcifications (MCs) in mammograms, the performance often suffers from not only the presence of false positives (FPs) among the detected individual MCs but also large variability in detection accuracy among different cases. To address this issue, we investigate a locally adaptive decision scheme in MC detection by exploiting the noise characteristics in a lesion area. Instead of developing a new MC detector, we propose a decision scheme on how to best decide whether a detected object is an MC or not in the detector output. We formulate the individual MCs as statistical outliers compared to the many noisy detections in a lesion area so as to account for the local image characteristics. To identify the MCs, we first consider a parametric method for outlier detection, the Mahalanobis distance detector, which is based on a multi-dimensional Gaussian distribution on the noisy detections. We also consider a non-parametric method which is based on a stochastic neighbor graph model of the detected objects. We demonstrated the proposed decision approach with two existing MC detectors on a set of 188 full-field digital mammograms (95 cases). The results, evaluated using free response operating characteristic (FROC) analysis, showed a significant improvement in detection accuracy by the proposed outlier decision approach over traditional thresholding (the partial area under the FROC curve increased from 3.95 to 4.25, p-value <10-4). There was also a reduction in case-to-case variability in detected FPs at a given sensitivity level. The proposed adaptive decision approach could not only reduce the number of FPs in detected MCs but also improve case-to-case consistency in detection.
Gauge Symmetry Breaking which Preserves Supersymmetry

Spontaneously — broken Yang-Mills theory provides the theoretical framework for description of electroweak forces and of grand unification of strong and electroweak forces. In the last year it has become highly fashionable to consider the generalization thereof to include unextended global supersymmetry.
Pressure Induced and Metabolic Alterations in the Glomerulus: Role in Cytokine Activity and Progressive Sclerosis

The experimental search for mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of glomerulosclerosis has resulted in the identification of factors, broadly classified as hemodynamic and metabolic, which may be involved in both the glomerular injury of diabetes and in that occurring in the kidney remnant following subtotal nephrectomy. The hemodynamic factors include systemic arterial hypertension [1–3], glomerular hyperfunction and increased glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure [4–6]. The metabolic factors relate to changes associated with glomerular hypertrophy [7–9], hyperlipidemia [10, 11] and, in the case of diabetes, the effects of hyperglycemia exerted either directly [12–14] or through the formation of advanced glycosylation end products and increased oxidative stress [15–19] or the increased activity of the polyol pathway [20].
Electron Probe Microanalyzer in Coal Research

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses electron probe microanalyzer in coal research. The capability of nondestructive quantitative analysis on micrometer-size points of a sample is a characteristic unique to electron beam instruments. The heterogeneous and fine-grained nature of coal constituents, therefore, makes the electron probe microanalysis (EPM) uniquely adaptable to many aspects of coal characterization. At the same time, as with other types of instruments, it has limitations that restrict it to specific problems. The EPM offers potential solutions to many problems concerning organic and inorganic chemistry of coal, especially if used in conjunction with other techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and optical microscopy. Use of the EPM in coal research is in its infancy and is certain to increase significantly in the near future.
High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Solids

While nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been an enormously useful tool for analyses of liquid species, use for characterization of solid catalysts or adsorbed, immobile species has been severely limited, with the exception of studies of relaxation. For nuclei with the highest sensitivity to detection, e.g. 1H, 19F, and 31P, homonuclear dipolar coupling, (1) in solids results in sufficient line broadening to obscure NMR chemical shifts which identify molecular environments. For low abundance, low gyromagnetic ratio nuclei in molecules containing a large portion of 1H, e. g. 13C in naphthalene, heteronuclear dipolar broadening of the 13C by the 1H is sufficient to mask chemical shifts of 13C. In the absence of techniques to remove dipolar broadening, therefore, surface scientists utilizing NMR to infer chemical information about substrates and rigidly held immobile adsorbed molecules have had to resort to the use of relaxation times and to average proton-proton distances inferred from the magnitude of the dipolar line broadening associated with these interactions (i.e. to second moment calculations). T1’s or longitudinal relaxation times of nuclei on surfaces can be a reflection of the content of effectively paramagnetic species present (e.g. dissolved O2, or free radicals). T*2’s or transverse relaxation times are associated predominantly with dipolar interactions; heteronuclear, homonuclear, and free radical-nuclear.
La tierra clama por remedio : la conquista espiritual del territorio muisca

espanolLa historiografia colonial de America Latina ha enfatizado el papel central y decisivo que jugo la Iglesia Catolica en el desarrollo de la conquista, colonizacion y transformacion cultural de los habitantes del Nuevo Mundo. Pero la verdad es que sabemos muy poco sobre el desarrollo del cristianismo en los inicios de la colonizacion neogranadina. La mayoria de los estudios coloniales sobre territorio muisca no considera el papel de la Iglesia. Este estudio, enfatizando los obstaculos que enfrentaron los clerigos y los esfuerzos hechos para convertir a la poblacion indigena, pone en duda el concepto popular de que la conquista espiritual de los muiscas fue rapida y completa. Este articulo, fruto de un cuidadoso analisis en los archivos coloniales de Colombia, Espana e Italia, debe ser considerado como un primer paso en la dificil reconstruccion de un proceso prolongado y muy complejo. EnglishThe historiography of colonial Latin America has emphasized the central and decisive role of the Catholic Church in the conquest, colonization and cultural transformation of the inhabitants of the New World. This paper is an initial step toward understanding the role of the Church in the evangelization of the Muisca Indians in early-colonial New Granada, a topic that has received surprisingly little scholarly attention. A careful analysis of colonial records from Colombia, Spain and Italy suggests that the Church in early-colonial New Granada had limited influence in the daily lives of the Muisca inhabitants of Colombia's Eastern Highlands.
Recent Results on the Free Lattice-Ordered Group over a Right-Orderable Group

In the following, we give a survey of recent results concerning when the free lattice-ordered group over a group retains some properties, such as nilpotency or solvability, of the original group.