cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of the genetic and physical maps in the central region of the bacteriophage Mu genome.

Abstract DNA fragments resulting from cleavage of mature Mu DNA by the restriction endonuclease Eco R1 were cloned into a λ cloning vehicle, Charon4. Twelve clones containing genetic markers from the central region of Mu and eight clones containing markers from the right end of Mu were isolated. Restriction endonuclease and DNA heteroduplexing analyses of selected clones demonstrated that phages 4M121 and 4M136 contain the middle Eco R1 restriction fragment of Mu DNA cloned in opposite orientations within Charon4. The isolation and genetic mapping of deleted derivatives of these clones lacking varying amounts of Mu DNA were reported earlier [O'Day, K., et al. (1979). Virology 93 , 320–328]. Four such deleted clones were analyzed by measuring single- and double-stranded DNA segments in heteroduplexes of deleted clone DNA and Mu DNA. The combination of these measurements and amber mutant marker rescue results allowed a precise localization of all 12 essential Mu cistrons in this region on the physical map of Mu DNA.
Homeless adolescents' paths to separation from family: Comparison of family characteristics, psychological adjustment, and victimization

Although a great deal of research has addressed the dissolution of the family through parental death or divorce, much less is known about the growing trend of youths separating from the family. The present study investigates three paths to adolescents' separation from their families—running away, being kicked out, and being removed from the home—and how they are related to family background characteristics, current psychological symptomatology, familial relationships, and victimization on the streets. A sample of 356 homeless adolescents was grouped according to who instigated their separation from family (themselves, 35.4%, their parents, 33.7%, or authorities, 17.7%). Adolescents removed from their family had the most problematic family background and the runaways had the least. However, despite adequate statistical power, no differences were found in current family relationships, psychological symptomatology or rates of recent victimization. These findings suggest that the traumatic experience of homelessness may supersede the differential background factors, resulting in equally high rates of distress and victimization. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prevalence of treated and untreated psychiatric disorders in three ethnic groups

The pattern and overlap of treated and untreated rates of psychiatric symptoms and disorders were examined in a sample of whites, blacks, and Mexican-Americans. In addition, we compared treatment sources for family or personal problems for the three groups. The results suggest caution in substituting treated for untreated rates and also in interchanging rates based on symptom scales with rates from clinical diagnostic instruments. Underutilization was assessed by linking psychiatric status with reports of help-seeking behavior. Comparisons indicated that all groups underuse services relative to need, but underutilization is greater for blacks and Mexican-Americans. With the exception of nonpsychiatric physicians, use of treatment sources was similar for all groups. Whites were much more likely than blacks or Mexican-Americans to use this source of care. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed in the context of the methodology employed in the study.
A second-dual method for C(X) isomorphisms

Abstract Let X and Y denote compact Hausdorff spaces, C ( X ) and C ( Y ) the sup-norm Banach spaces of continuous real-valued functions on X and Y respectively, and φ : C ( X ) → C ( Y ) an onto isomorphism whose bound is less than three. With the aid of second duals, we construct a natural function from X into the set of finite subsets of Y . This provides a new approach to results of Amir and Cambern. We then obtain necessary conditions on X and Y for the existence of a bound-two isomorphism; for instance, the existence of open sets U and V of X and Y respectively such that U and V are homeomorphic and XsU and YsV are homeomorphic.
Bias potential effects on the anisotropic electroreflectance of single crystal silver

Abstract After a review of the field of metallic electroreflectance (e.r.), we report our experimental study of electrode bias potential effects on the normal incidence e.r. of carefully prepared [110] Ag, at a 1 M KOH interface, using a drop electrolyte technique, in the potential range −0.1 to −1.2 V (SCE), with polarized light in an energy range from 3.0 to 4.2 eV. The previously reported polarization anisotropy is well characterized in the potential range −0.3 to −0.9 V, but disappears near the potential of zero charge (p.z.c.=−1.0 V, SCE). This fact, together with the demonstrated good fit of our data to the McIntyre-Aspnes charge modulation theory, which ignores symmetry effects, leads us to the conclusion that near the p.z.c., electrons at normal metallic densities screen out low frequency fields, whereas when the surface electron density is decreased, at more positive potentials, the field can penetrate into a region having periodic crystal structure. Shifts in the location of e.r. peaks as well as reversals in their polarization dependence are attributed to alterations of the electron states in the surface region.
Response to Comment on “Divergent Induced Responses to an Invasive Predator in Marine Mussel Populations”

Preliminary DNA analysis indicates that only a few Mytilus trossulus mussels were present in our study of M. edulis . Excluding these M. trossulus did not influence the outcome of our analyses. Our study provides essential evidence that populations of M. edulis respond differently to the two crab predators, and the adaptive significance of shell thickening in mollusks is well established.
A uniform treatment of order of evaluation and aggregate update

The article presents an algorithm for the destructive update optimization in first-order lazy functional languages. The main component of the method is a new static analysis of the order of evaluation cf e.xpressions which, compared to other published work, has a much lower complexity and is not restricted to pure lazy evaluation. The other component, which we call reduction to variables, is a method of detecting the variables which denote locations where the result of an expression might be stored. Starting with the operational semantics of the language, we introduce some markers for the values in the basic domain. By choosing appropriately the set of markers M and the method of propagating them during evaluation, we can extract some property of the evaluation in which an expression can participate by looking at the marker of its value. We then define an equivalent denotational semantics and derive the above analyses, in a uniform way, by abstract interpretation over a subdomain of P(M ).
MSU classification for herniated lumbar discs on MRI: toward developing objective criteria for surgical selection.

Currently, there are over 300,000 lumbar discectomies performed in the US annually without an objective standard for patient selection. A prospective clinical outcome study of 200 cases with 5-year follow-up was used to develop and validate an MRI-based classification scheme to eliminate as much ambiguity as possible. 100 consecutive lumbar microdiscectomies were performed between 1992 and 1995 based on the criteria for “substantial” herniation on MRI. This series was used to develop the MSU Classification as an objective measure of lumbar disc herniation on MRI to define “substantial”. It simply classifies herniation size as 1-2-3 and location as A-B-C, with inter-examiner reliability of 98%. A second prospective series of 100 discectomies was performed between 2000 and 2002, based on the new criteria, to validate this classification scheme. All patients with size-1 lesions were electively excluded from surgical consideration in our study. The Oswestry Disability Index from both series was better than most published outcome norms for lumbar microdiscectomy. The two series reported 96 and 90% good to excellent outcomes, respectively, at 1 year, and 84 and 80% at 5 years. The most frequent types of herniation selected for surgery in each series were types 2-B and 2-AB, suggesting the combined importance of both size and location. The MSU Classification is a simple and reliable method to objectively measure herniated lumbar disc. When used in correlation with appropriate clinical findings, the MSU Classification can provide objective criteria for surgery that may lead to a higher percentage of good to excellent outcomes.
Analysis of the Ecdysiotropic activity in larval brains of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

The ability of Manduca sexta larval brain extracts to stimulate ecdysteroid synthesis by day-3, last-instar M. sexta prothoracic glands was examined using methods previously described for M. sexta, Bombyx mori and Lymantria dispar. Ecdysteroid synthesis was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with an antiserum that recognized both ecdysone and 3-dehydroecdysone and by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with an antiserum that recognized primarily ecdysone. Time-course analysis by RIA revealed that a basal synthesis rate of about 135 pg ecdysone equivalents/gland/h was reached after 3h of incubation in Grace's medium and that at this time, glands could be activated in a dose-dependent manner about 9-fold with brain extract, as compared to Grace's medium controls. Size-exclusion analysis of the ecdysiotropic activity in brains that had been stored frozen at − 20 °C revealed activity in size ranges not previously reported for M. sexta, 11.5 kDa and 0.65 kDa. Extracts from brains that had been stored in 90% methanol/0.1% TFA at − 50 °C, however, revealed primarily the 11.5 kDa form of ecdysiotropin, suggesting possible degradation of the larger form at − 20 °C and an artifactual production of the 0.65 kDa form. Both forms were sensitive to protease digestion.
Development of a Family-based Program to Reduce Risk and Promote Resilience Among Families Affected by Maternal Depression: Theoretical Basis and Program Description

Depression is a family matter. It not only diminishes the quality-of-life of the depressed person, but also strains the resources of the family unit and increases the children's risk of developing significant problems that start early and persist into adulthood. Although treatment of a parent's depression is critical, many families also need professional intervention to reduce children's risk. This article reviews the evidence on needs of these families and shows that the theoretical and clinical evidence exists to support the design of interventions for families affected by maternal depression. A preventive intervention developed from this foundation is described, the Keeping Families Strong (KFS) program, that is designed to promote resilience and reduce the risk for psychological disorders in children of parents with depression. The pilot study on the KFS program, conducted in adult mental health outpatient settings, is described. Families participate in 10 meetings 90 min each, with a group for parents and for children (10 years and older) conducted concurrently. The program structure and content are described, the challenges of implementing a family preventive intervention in actual clinical settings are discussed, and a case example is provided, as well as preliminary outcome data on ten families. In sum, we provide a strong rationale for the potential of preventive interventions for families affected by maternal depression.
Axial rotation, tangled magnetic fields, and theoretical models of very massive stars

A simple method of computing theoretical models of very massive stars endowed with fast axial rotation and tangled magnetic fields is described and used in the present paper. Both of the two perturbing (nongravitational) forces induce changes in the luminosity and radius that are studied as functions of zero-age chemical composition, opacity, and evolutionary state of the interior. The central condensation of the star is found to have a significant influence on shifts of the upper main-sequence band in the H-R diagram if the perturbing force is concentrated in the stellar envelope (but not if the perturbing force is distributed so as to be approximately proportional to gravity everywhere); the layers of the envelope that contribute most heavily to the central condensation lie approximately at a radius fraction of r/R = 0.5. It is shown that fast uniform rotation and intense envelope magnetic fields lead to probably the largest possible shifts of the main-sequence band in the H-R diagram that rotation and magnetic fields can induce. These displacements are, however, too small to account for the total width of the observed main-sequence band at luminosities brighter than log (L/solar luminosity) = 4.5.
Potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by phenytoin, leading to liver transplantation.

We report the case of a 22-year-old man who developed fulminant hepatic failure 3 days after an intentional acetaminophen overdose. The patient had a history of a seizure disorder for which he was taking phenytoin. The acetaminophen level at presentation was in the “nontoxic” range. Emergent liver transplantation was performed 4 days after the ingestion. This is the first reported case of successful liver transplantation for acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure in the setting of phenytoin therapy.
Transient startup phenomena in plasma thermionic energy converters

Abstract The slow approach to equilibrium operation in a plasma diode has previously been ascribed to permeation of the hot refractory emitter by the alkali vapor. A dual diode has been used to show that this transient behavior is controlled by the rate of arrival of the alkali vapor into the main interaction region, and by the adsorption of the vapor onto the walls of the enclosure.
Still Stable After All These Years: Perceptions of Sexual Harassment in Academic Contexts

This research examined perceptions of sexual harassment in academic contexts using data sets collected in 1990 (Time 1) and 2000 (Time 2). We assessed the influence of two individual variables—gender and gender role—and one contextual variable—power of the harasser—on perceptions of harassment. When the harasser was a higher-power individual, participants perceived more vignettes as examples of sexual harassment, viewed female targets more positively, and evaluated male harassers more negatively. Contrary to prediction, participants viewed male harassers less negatively at Time 2 than at Time 1. Despite increased media attention and educational interventions, comparisons to the earlier findings highlight remarkable stability in perceptions of harassment over time.
Obstructive voiding symptoms are not predictive of elevated postvoid residual urine volumes.

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between measured postvoid residual urine volumes (PVR) and self-reported bother from obstructive voiding symptoms (OS) using a retrospective chart review of patients presenting to our clinic from 2004 to 2005. Demographic, primary clinical diagnoses, PVR, and responses to the short form of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) were recorded. We considered a PVR > 150 ml to be elevated or consistent with urinary retention. We used Spearman’s for correlations and Mann–Whitney test for independent groups. Six hundred thirty-six patients were included in the study. Individual PFDI-20 items, which inquire about obstructive voiding symptoms, had poor sensitivity (13–57%) and specificity (18–38%) for elevated PVR. Using logistic regression, age (β = 0.04, p < 0.001) and stage ≥III prolapse (β = 0.78, p < 0.05) were predictive factors for elevated PVR. Obstructive voiding symptoms have poor sensitivity and specificity for elevated PVR in women with pelvic floor disorders.
Seasonal plasticity within the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) system of the ewe: changes in identified GnRH inputs and glial association.

The annual reproductive cycle in sheep may reflect a functional remodeling within the GnRH system. Specifically, changes in total synaptic input and association with the polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule have been observed. Whether seasonal changes in a specific subset(s) of GnRH inputs occur or whether glial cells specifically play a role in this remodeling is not clear. We therefore examined GnRH neurons of breeding season (BS) and nonbreeding season (anestrus) ewes and tested the hypotheses that specific (i.e. gamma-aminobutyric acid, catecholamine, neuropeptide Y, or beta-endorphin) inputs to GnRH neurons change seasonally, and concomitant with any changes in neural inputs is a change in glial apposition. Using triple-label immunofluorescent visualization of GnRH, glial acidic fibrillary protein and neuromodulator/neural terminal markers combined with confocal microscopy and optical sectioning techniques, we confirmed that total numbers of neural inputs to GnRH neurons vary with season and demonstrated that specific inputs contribute to these overall changes. Specifically, neuropeptide Y and gamma-aminobutyric acid inputs to GnRH neurons increased during BS and beta-endorphin inputs were greater during either anestrus (GnRH somas) or BS (GnRH dendrites). Associated with the changes in GnRH inputs were seasonal changes in glial apposition, glial acidic fibrillary protein density, and the thickness of glial fibrils. These findings are interpreted to suggest an increase in net stimulatory inputs to GnRH neurons during the BS contributes to the seasonal changes in GnRH neurosecretion and that this increased innervation is perhaps stabilized by glial processes.
Compensation for risks: host community benefits in siting locally unwanted facilities

This article analyzes the recent negotiations connected with siting 24 solid-waste landfills in Wisconsin. We examine the association between the type and amount of compensation paid to host communities by facility developers and the size of facilities, certain facility characteristics, the timing of negotiated agreements, the size of the host community, and the socioeconomic status of the host area. Our findings suggest that the level of compensation after adjusting for landfill capacity is positively associated with the percentage of total facility capacity dedicated to host community use, positively associated with the percentage of people of the host area who are in poverty, and larger for public facilities that accept municipal wastes. Other explanatory variables we examined, whose association with levels of compensation proved statistically insignificant, were facility size, facility status (new vs expansion), facility use (countyonly vs multicounty), timing of negotiation, host community size, and the host area education level, population density, and per capita income. We discuss the policy implications of our principal findings and future research questions in light of the persistent opposition surrounding the siting of solid-waste and other waste-management facilities.
Indeterminate (0 ÷ 0) check in APL

One unique feature 1.2 of the APL system is the definition (0 ÷ 0) = 1. Although there is obvious merit in this decision, in real analysis (0 ÷ 0) is indeterminate. If one wishes to be alerted to the fact that a denominator is zero and does not want the result 1 if the numerator is also zero, one can replace the expression [EQUATION] with [EQUATION] Then if X and Y are both zero, a Domain Error will be reported instead of yielding.
Effects of pre- and post-bloom temperature regimes on development of Lilium longiflorum Thunb.

Abstract Glasshouse grown ‘Ace’ and ‘Nellie White’ Easter lily plants were subjected to different temperature regimes to determine temperature requirements during pre- and post-bloom development. Rate of leaf- and flower-bud development and stem elongation on the primary (mother) axis were directly proportional to the range of temperatures used (6–24°C), and were equally effective in predicting crop development. Scale initiation on the secondary (daughter) axis during pre-bloom phases was proportional to growing temperature, reaching maximum activity at 18°C in ‘Ace’ and at 12°C in ‘Nellie White’. The shift from scale to leaf initiation and development following anthesis was favored by 12 rather than 18°C with significant reductions in leaf initiation in both cultivars at 24°C. No difference in secondary meristem diameter occurred with temperature during pre-bloom, but large dome size was associated with 12°C or lower during the post-bloom phase. Primary scale weight increase (filling), reached a maximum 50 days following anthesis, and was greatest at 18°C. Secondary scale filling reached a maximum 80 days after anthesis at both 18 and 24°C. The secondary axis became increasingly responsive to sprout-inducing temperatures with increasing age and development. Fifty days after anthesis, 12 and 18°C were equally effective in sprouting ‘Ace’ bulbs, while 12°C was more effective with ‘Nellie White’. Early leaf senescence, associated with high (24°C) temperature, did not favor increased bulb size, daughter leaf primordia count and meristem diameter, or sprouting.
Neurodegeneration by activated microglia across a nanofiltration membrane

Microglia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, but their precise role remains elusive. Although neuron loss in the presence of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia has been well documented, a novel coculture paradigm was developed as a new approach to assess the diffusible, soluble mediators of neurodegeneration. Isolated microglia were plated on membrane inserts that were coated with a layer of cellulose acetate. The cellulose acetate-coated membranes have nanofiltration properties, in that only molecules with masses less than 350 Da can pass through. Products released from activated microglia that were separated from primary ventral mesencephalon cells beneath the nanofiltering membrane were able to kill the dopamine neurons. Microglial cytokines cannot diffuse through this separating membrane. Addition of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor prevented the loss of the dopamine neurons. These data describe a novel coculture system for studying diffusible factors and further support nitric oxide production as an important mediator in microglia-induced neuron death.
Free polygon enumeration and the area of an integral polygon

We introduce the notion of free polygons as combinatorial building blocks for convex integral polygons; that is, polygons with vertices having integer coordinates. In this context, an Euler-type formula is derived for the number of integer points in the interior of an integral polygon. This leads in turn to a formula for the area of an integral polygon P via the enumeration of free integral triangles and parallelograms contained inside P. c 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Flashlamp Pumped Ti:Al2O3 Laser Studies

Development of the Ti:Al2O3 laser(1) has mainly been confined to laser pumping, because of its short (3.2 μsec) spontaneous emission lifetime, Esterowitz, et.al.,(2) reported successful flashlamp pumping of Ti:Al2O3, with efficiency enhanced by using a dye surrounding the laser rod to convert near UV light from the flashlamp into blue-green fluorescent overlapping the titanium absorption band (Fig. 1). The present work describes successful attempts to substantially increase the flashlamp pumped efficiency, and to better characterize flashlamp pumped behavior. In preliminary results a slope efficiency of approximately 3×10-4 was obtained(2), in our most recent results we have increased the flashpumped efficiency to 2×10-2.
A Case Study of Deterministic Forecast Verification: Tropical Cyclone Intensity

Deterministic predictions of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity from operational forecast systems traditionally have been verified with a summary accuracy measure (e.g., mean absolute error). Since the forecast system development process is coupled to the verification procedure, it follows that TC intensity forecast systems have been developed with the goal of producing predictions that optimize the chosen summary accuracy measure. Here, the consequences of this development process for the quality of the resultant forecasts are diagnosed through a distributions-oriented (DO) verification of operational TC intensity forecasts. DO verification techniques examine the full relationship between a set of forecasts and the corresponding set of observations (i.e., forecast quality), rather than just the accuracy attribute of that relationship. The DO verification results reveal similar first-order characteristics in the quality of predictions from four TC intensity forecast systems. These characteristics are shown to be consistent with the theoretical response of a forecast system to the imposed goal of summary accuracy measure optimization: production of forecasts that asymptote with lead time to the central tendency of the observed distribution. While such forecasts perform well with respect to the accuracy, unconditional bias, and type I conditional bias attributes of forecast quality, they perform poorly with respect to type II conditional bias. Thus, it is clear that optimization of forecast accuracy is not equivalent to optimization of forecast quality. Ultimately, developers of deterministic forecast systems must take care to employ a verification procedure that promotes good performance with respect to the most desired attributes of forecast quality.
Web services QoS: external SLAs and internal policies or: how do we deliver what we promise?

With Web services starting to be deployed within organizations and being offered as paid services across organizational boundaries, quality of service (QoS) has become one of the key issues to be addressed by providers and clients. While methods to describe and advertise QoS properties have been developed, the main outstanding issue remains how to implement a service that lives up to promised QoS properties. This keynote speech revisits the current state of the art of QoS management applied today to Web services and raises a set of research issues that originate in the visualization aspect of services and are specific to QoS management in a services environment - beyond what is addressed so far by work in the areas of distributed systems and performance management.
Aggressiveness, competitiveness, and human sexual orientation

Previous research has suggested that homosexual mean are less aggressive than heterosexual men, but limitations of available studies prevent them from being conclusive. The empirical evidence is even more mixed regarding the relation of aggressiveness to female sexual orientation. We examined the relation between self-reported physical and verbal aggressiveness, interpersonal competitiveness, and sexual orientation in both men and women. The aggressiveness and competitiveness scales yielded significant sex differences, with men being more aggressive and competitive. Consistent with past findings, heterosexual men were more physically aggressive than were homosexual men; no other within-sex relationship was significant. We discuss the implications of our findings for developmental theories of sexual orientation, aggressiveness, and competitiveness.
Role of Venous Return in the Cardiovascular Response Following Injection of Ganglion-Blocking Agents

The reduction of arterial pressure in anesthetized dogs following the injection of ganglion-blocking agents is dependent primarily upon a reduction in arterial vasomotor activity and secondarily upon a reduction in venous return associated with an increase in vascular capacity. When venous return is maintained at control levels, the administration of the blocking agents of this study invariably produce a decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR). Ordinarily in the intact animal such a decrease in TPR is not observed due to a marked reduction in cardiac output which produces a secondary increase in TPR. The results of this study further suggests that the venous and arterial systems may differ in their sensitivity to the effects of ganglion-blocking agents.
The 'miss rate' for the analysis of gene expression data.

SUMMARY Multiple testing issues are important in gene expression studies, where typically thousands of genes are compared over two or more experimental conditions. The false discovery rate has become a popular measure in this setting. Here we discuss a complementary measure, the ‘miss rate’, and show how to estimate it in practice.
Attitudes toward practice guidelines among intensive care unit personnel: a cross-sectional anonymous survey.

Variations in patient care are common, but only appropriate if they are related to variations in the patient's needs for care. Unfortunately, factors in the clinical environment such as type of intensive care unit (ICU), characteristics of care providers (e.g. experience, staffing levels), and hospital size have been shown to result in differences in the quality of care provided and, subsequently, higher rates of adverse events. [1-6] Over the past two decades, clinical practice guidelines have been promulgated as one way to assure that patient care for specific conditions is standardized and reflective of ‘best practices’.[7] In light of the proliferation of practice guidelines as a mechanism to improve the quality, equity, and efficiency of patient care, the purposes of this study were to assess the attitudes of staff members working in critical care units toward practice guidelines in general and toward a specific guideline, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings[8], to correlate these attitudes with staff and hospital characteristics, and to examine the impact of staff attitudes toward the Hand Hygiene Guideline on self reported implementation of the Guideline.
Health behavior risk factors across age as predictors of cardiovascular disease diagnosis.

>> Objectives: The current study examines the prevalence of health risk behaviors and their cumulative effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) among a sample of adults. Age cohort is also examined to determine the role of age in predicting CVD and risky health behaviors. Method: Medical records of a sample of adults from the Seattle Longitudinal Study categorized into one of four age-group cohorts were examined. Data regarding participants’ health risk behaviors were examined individually and cumulatively for predicting later CVD diagnosis. Results: The prevalence of CVD increases with age, obesity, and risky medical checkups. Female risky sleepers are more likely to receive a CVD diagnosis than men who report risky sleep patterns (p < .05). Discussion: A high risk of CVD appears to exist for adults across the life span, and several risky health behaviors also seem to place individuals more at risk for being diagnosed with CVD.
The Communication and Data-Handling Subsystem for the Advanced Orbiting Solar Observatory

This paper describes the communications and data-handling subsystem (CDHS) for the Advanced Orbiting Solar Observatory (AOSO). The CDHS is presently being developed by Texas Instruments Incorporated for Republic Aviation. Goddard Space Flight Center is the responsible NASA agency. The paper includes a detailed functional description of the CDHS, a presentation of the packaging design, and a brief description of the engineering model constructed. Several pictures of the engineering model are included to aid in the description of the packaging.
Designing a Better Business School: Channelling Herbert Simon, Addressing the Critics, and Developing Actionable Knowledge for Professionalizing Managers

Herbert Simon's 1967 article 'The business school: a problem in organizational design' anticipated many of the challenges business schools face today. Critics charge business schools with failing to realize their primary purpose, that is, to produce professional managers. This article revisits what Simon advocated with regard to a core feature of this professionalism, the production of essential management knowledge, and the process of educating people in applying it. With Simon as a guide, this article outlines educational and research interventions to help business schools realize their founding purpose. In doing so, it addresses the distinctive knowledge products that business school research can contribute to the management profession. This article also highlights the key role that evidence-based management and the related practices of design science play in providing a more complete solution to the design problem Simon identified.
On Efficient Multigrid Methods for Materials Processing Flows with Small Particles

Multiscale modeling of materials requires simulations of multiple levels of structural hierarchy. The computational efficiency of numerical methods becomes a critical factor for simulating large physical systems with highly desperate length scales. Multigrid methods are known for their superior efficiency in representing/resolving different levels of physical details. The efficiency is achieved by employing interactively different discretizations on different scales (grids). To assist optimization of manufacturing conditions for materials processing with numerous particles (e.g., dispersion of particles, controlling flow viscosity and clusters), a new multigrid algorithm has been developed for a case of multiscale modeling of flows with small particles that have various length scales. The optimal efficiency of the algorithm is crucial for accurate predictions of the effect of processing conditions (e.g., pressure and velocity gradients) on the local flow fields that control the formation of various microstructures or clusters.
Seasonal productivity and nest survival of Golden-cheeked Warblers vary with forest type and edge density

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the demography and habitat requirements of the endangered Golden-cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) is needed for its recovery, including measures of productivity instead of reproductive indices. We report on breeding phenology and demography, calculate model-based estimates of nest survival and seasonal productivity and evaluate support for relationships with forest type, forest edge density, day of year, and year, and determine correspondence in these 2 measures of reproductive success. Males arrived in early March. Females laid the first egg of the first clutch in early April, made up to 5 nesting attempts, and completed nesting by mid-June. The most-supported nest survival model included day of year, proportion of juniper and juniper–oak forest within a 100-m radius of each nest, and the interactive effect of year and forest edge density. The most-supported seasonal productivity model included proportion of each forest type and the interactive effect of year and forest edge ...
A Low Cost Scheme for Reducing Silent Data Corruption in Large Arithmetic Circuits

Aggressive scaling of CMOS transistors in last four decades has resulted in circuits with progressively higher packing density, increased switching speed, and higher power density. However in future, CMOS technology nodes are predicted to suffer from greater intermediate to long-term reliability and circuit marginality problems. To address these problems researchers have proposed the usage of redundant circuits to detect and, in some cases, to correct transient or permanent field failures. The proposed solutions target 100% of circuit errors but are expensive in terms of area and more importantly power overhead, some times exceeding 200%. In this paper, we investigate a flexible, lower-overhead error detection scheme that provides trade-off between reliability and circuit overhead in terms of area, performance, and power. Simulation studies on a 32-bit multiplier circuit show that this scheme can provide greater than 90% fault coverage with 15 to 20% area overhead including overhead for the comparator circuitry. Additionally, the redundant portion of the circuit can be turned off when concurrent checking is not critical, resulting in power savings. Currently, mainstream desktop processors use low-cost error detection schemes in busses, IOs and sometimes in embedded memories to reduce likelihood of silent data corruption (SDC). The discussed approach provides significant reduction in likelihood of silent data corruption in generally unprotected arithmetic circuits at a small cost.
The paradox of "engineering science"-a cold war debate about education in the U.S

During the early years of the Cold War, engineering educators in the United States vigorously debated a rather abstruse topic that, nevertheless, had lasting public policy implications. Did the field called "engineering science", which the newly formed National Science Foundation (NSF) was chartered to support, indeed exist, and, if it did, how should engineering colleges and the NSF support it? My recounting of the public aspect of this debate (which occurred in articles published in the Journal of Engineering Education and magazines of professional engineering societies from 1945 to 1960) will focus on attempts by prominent engineers and a few scientists to come to terms with a perceived epistemological paradox. Although these groups had defined engineering as the application of science in the first half of the century, the NSF and the American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE) promoted research and teaching in "engineering science" after the war on the assumption that it represented "basic research in engineering". This paper raises the historlographic method suggested by O. Mayr (1976) and examines how historical actors themselves defined and used the term "engineering science" rather than appplying the concept of engineering science to the past as an analytic tool.
Regulation of hepatic and peripheral glucose disposal

Precise regulation of hepatic and peripheral glucose uptake is essential to preserve glucose homeostasis. The liver extracts approximately 1/3 of an oral glucose load, skeletal muscle extracts approximately 1/3, and other tissues, particularly the central nervous system and the formed elements of the blood, take up the balance. The load of glucose reaching the liver, the insulin concentration, and the route of glucose delivery (the hepatic portal or a peripheral vein) are key determinants of the rate of net hepatic glucose uptake. Glucose uptake by muscle requires three steps: delivery of glucose from the blood to the muscle, transport of glucose across the muscle membrane, and phosphorylation of glucose, processes affected by glycaemia and insulinaemia. Exercise stimulates insulin-dependent and -independent muscle glucose uptake, as well as the liver's ability to take up glucose.
A Unified Treatment of the Filament and Flare Instabilities

Filaments and flares occur in sheared magnetic structures as a result of radiative cooling and resistive reconnection, respectively. A new integrated theory of these two unstable processes is described, which includes the relevant effects of magnetohydrodynamics and energy transport. The normally dissociated thermal and tearing phenomena are coupled together by a temperature-dependent Coulomb resistivity. As a result, the filament at ion and flaring instabilities of a sheared field may coexist, as is familiar from the solar example.
A drift-compensating precision divider technique using circular data patterns

A divider that is able to provide precision integer-to-one ratios (or those ratios near by) where the integer depends on the number of equal resistors in the divider, is described. The technique compensates for most of the drift associated with resistive dividers. Data acquisition and reduction are based on flexible circular data patterns. These patterns have the advantage of simplicity and they reduce the required number of readings to an acceptable level. Other data patterns can be used with this divider technique. The use of the divider to establish the relationship between 10-V and solid-state standards and 1.018-V saturated standard cells is described. Comments are included on the repeatability and accuracy obtained with the divider. >
VALORIZING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PEOPLE AND BIRDS: EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS FROM HONDURAS

Resumen. – Valorizando las relaciones entre la gente y las aves: Experiencias y lecciones de Honduras. – El articulo se basa en una decada de investigacion cualitativa en areas urbanas y rurales de Honduras enfocada en los paisajes de interaccion entre humanos y aves. Contornea un marco metodologico para la investigacion etnoornitologica basada en el analisis sistematico de relaciones intencionales y accidentales entre la gente y los pajaros, y marcada por una serie de indicadores de tales relaciones. Discute un modelo para la interaccion humano-pajaro basada en valores utilitarios, simbolicos, y empaticos, y contornea un sistema de diferenciaciones sociales y de usos de la tierra de las relaciones humano-pajaro que influencian este modelo. La utilidad de este acercamiento se aplica a una discusion del papel de la etnoornitologia en la conservacion, y el concepto del “dialogo conservacionista” entre la gente local y los agentes del exterior se presenta como una posible manera de seguir adelante.
Biomass to Liquid Transportation Fuels via Biological and Thermochemical Conversion: Process Synthesis and Global Optimization Strategies

Biological conversion of biomass into gasoline, diesel, and kerosene provides an alternative means to meet liquid transportation fuel demand, going beyond the traditional thermochemical methods involving gasification, Fischer–Tropsch conversion, and methanol synthesis. Process synthesis is an ideal methodology for comparing the developing biological technologies with established thermochemical methods through input–output modeling of biorefinery units and inclusion in a superstructure. The resulting model takes the form of a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem with full heat, power, and water integration. In the novel superstructure, the MixAlco process for biological conversion is modeled, in which biomass is fermented into carboxylic acid salts which are further upgraded into liquid transportation fuels. The model is solved to global optimality based on the minimization of the cost of liquid transportation fuels production using a branch-and-bound global optimization algorithm to provide upper ...
Evolving agent cognition with netlogo levelspace

Any agent-based model (ABM) involving agents that think or make decisions must inevitably have some model of agent cognition. Often, this cognitive model is incredibly simple, such as choosing actions at random or based on simple conditionals. In reality, agent cognition can be complex and dynamic, and for some models, this process can be worthy of its own dedicated ABM. The LevelSpace extension (Hjorth, Head & Wilensky, 2015) for NetLogo (Wilensky 1999) allows NetLogo models to open instances of other NetLogo models and interact with them. We demonstrate a method for using LevelSpace to simulate agents with complex, evolving cognitive models. We give the agents in a NetLogo predator-prey model "brains," themselves represented as independent instances of a NetLogo neural network model.
Computations of Boiling Flows

Numerical simulations of boiling flows are discussed. The change of phase from liquid to vapor and vice-versa usually takes place in a highly unsteady manner where the phase boundary is very convoluted. Direct numerical simulations therefore require the accurate solution of the Navier-Stokes equations and the energy equation in each phase and the correct incorporation of the unsteady phase boundary. Such simulations, where the motion of an unsteady phase boundary is followed for a sufficiently long time to allow computation of average heat transfer are very recent. Here, we will describe one method that has been used successfully to simulate boiling flows and show a few examples of studies using the method.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Decreased Resistance of Purified Bacteriophages to Disinfectants.

The surprising resistance of the bacteriophage to action of disinfectants has been commented upon by many observers. Thus d'Herelle1 states that bacteriophage corpuscles survive 3 days'exposure to 0.5% mercuric chloride in physiological saline. Prausnitz and Firle2 claim that resistance is above that of anthrax spores. Watanabe3 noted well defined racial variations in the resistance of'phages to phenol, 1% for 24 hours being sufficient to destroy some races, while 4% was necessary to inactivate others.In order to determine whether the organic matter in the lysates exerts any protective action, 3 races of bacteriophage were purified according to the technique of Arnold and Weiss.4 These purified'phages gave negative Biuret, Xanthoproteic acid, Millon, Hopkins, Cole and Molisch tests. Non-purified'phages were adjusted to the same lytic titer and the lysol resistance of both the purified and non-purified suspensions was compared. Tests of each'phage were made in triplicate at various lysol concentrations. Th...
Corticolous Myxomycetes I: Two New Species of Didymium

SUMMARYThis paper introduces a somewhat distinctive biota, the corticolous Myxomycetes. This biota includes those species growing and fruiting on the bark surface of living trees and vines. Two new plasmodiocarpous species of Didymium are described from the bark of Juniperus spp. Didymium synsporon is characterized by its white, eggshell-like peridium and is the only known species in either Didymum or Diderma in which the spores are adherent in clusters. Didymium orthonemata is distinguished by its rather coarse, upright capillitial threads that seldom anastomose and by its strongly spinulose spores.
Brief lapses of consciousness in children.

Cortically initiated short lapses of consciousness in children are usually not true petit ma I seizures. Often the episodes are preceded by an aura, and the electroencephalogram may show a phenomenon called secondary bilateral synchrony. The diagnostic approach in such lapses of consciousness is different from that in true petit mal seizures. Therapy includes drugs, or occasionally, a ketogenic diet.
The rhetoric of irredentism: The Russian Federation’s perception management campaign and the annexation of Crimea

Following the February 2014 fall of Viktor Yanukovych as president of Ukraine and the installation of a pro-Western government in Kiev, Russia initiated an irredentist intervention to annex the Cri...
Selection of Calculation Model for Steel Tubular Tower of UHV Power Transmission Line

Based on the simplified model of integral space truss,the member stress of UHV steel tubular tower is calculated by bar elements.Due to the assumption that the element only sustains axial force while the action of bending moments at its both ends are neglected,there are diffenrences between calculation results and actual conditions.Taking the steel tubular tower for 1 000 kV power transmission project from South Anhui to Shanghai,in which the double circuits on the same tower mode is adopted,as analysis object and by use of three computation models,namely the bar element model in general program for tower design,the beam-bar and beam element models in general program for finite element computation ANSYS,the static and dynamic performances of tubular tower are calculated and compared.Calculation result comparison shows that the axial force of legs and natural vibration of the tower are almost the same;the bar end bending moments respectively calculated by beam-bar hybrid element model and beam element model are similar.Thus,it is recommended that the stress of steel tubular tower for UHV power transmission project can be calculated by integral space truss method in beam-bar hybrid element model,and in the design of the steel tubular tower the effects of bending moment at member end on the stress of tower leg should be considered.