cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 60: Sequential Combined Treatment of Pifithrin-a and (+)-phenserine Enhances Neurogenesis and Functional Recovery After Stroke

Background and Purpose: Due to the limitation in treatment window of the rtPA (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator), the development of delayed treatment for stroke is needed. Utilizing a spec...
Effects of Colorectal Surgery Classification on Reported Postoperative Surgical Site Infections.

Abstract Background Current procedural terminology (CPT) for colon and rectal surgery lacks procedural granularity and misclassification rates are unknown. However, they are used in performance measurement, for example, in surgical site infection (SSI). The objective of this study was to determine whether American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) abstraction methods accurately classify types of colorectal operations and, by extension, reported SSI rates. Materials and methods This was a retrospective study conducted at a single tertiary care center. The colectomy- and proctectomy-targeted NSQIP database from January 2011 to July 2016 was used to perform a semiautomated reclassification (SAR) of all colectomy and proctectomy cases performed by colorectal surgeons. The primary outcome was the difference in perioperative SSI rates by case classification method. Results Thousand sixty-three patients underwent a colectomy or proctectomy during the study period with a mean age of 55.7 (SD = 16.7) years. Use of the NSQIP classification scheme resulted in 849 colectomy and 214 proctectomy cases. Use of the SAR method resulted in 650 colectomy cases and 413 proctectomy cases (P Conclusions These findings highlight the challenges of CPT code-based patient classification and subsequent outcomes analysis. Expanding the CPT system to more accurately represent colorectal operations would allow for more representative reported outcomes, thus enabling benchmarking and quality improvement.
UNIT 4.7 Measurement of T and B Cell Turnover with Bromodeoxyuridine

The rate of turnover of T and B cells can be measured in terms of the time between two mitoses or between mitosis and death. In vivo, this is accomplished by administering DNA precursors and measuring the rate at which cells become labeled with these precursors. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) is a thymidine analog that is incorporated into the DNA of cells during the S phase of the cell cycle and can be subsequently detected with a specific monoclonal antibody. In this method, BrdU is given to experimental animals either continuously or as a pulse, depending on the goal of the experiment. Subsequently, cells are stained in vitro with an anti-BrdU antibody and labeled cells detected by flow cytometry. By combining cell surface staining for multiple lymphocyte markers with anti-BrdU staining, it is possible to determine the lifespan of phenotypically defined subsets.
Shared Medical Appointments for the 2-Week Well Child Visit

Project Aims: Through utilization of a shared medical appointment (SMA), a southern California military pediatric clinic will increase exclusive breastfeeding rates of new mothers by 10% at the 2-month, 4-month, and 6-month well-child checks from 59.5%, 57.9%, and 53.8% respectively to 65.5%, 63.7%, and 59.2%, no later than October 1, 2018. Background: The WHO, AAP, and the literature supports exclusive breastfeeding for newborns until six months of age and continued breastfeeding until 12 months of age. Postpartum maternal breastfeeding support has been insufficient in the pediatric clinic …
Examining rumination and sleep: A transdiagnostic approach to depression and social anxiety

Abstract Background Research suggests that rumination is related to sleep difficulties. Both rumination and sleep have been shown to play important roles in various psychopathologies, with rumination often described as a transdiagnostic process. The relationship between rumination, sleep, and psychopathology has been researched in depression, but less so in other disorders. The aim of this study is to replicate previous findings between sleep and depression, but to examine these relationships in another disorder, social anxiety. Methods Participants included 143 individuals from Amazon Mechanical Turk. There were 61 participants with symptoms of social anxiety, and 21 participants with symptoms of depression. Participants took a series of surveys. In addition to correlation coefficients and t-tests, multiple linear regression analyses were completed in order to examine the relations between sleep, rumination and psychopathology (i.e., depression and anxiety, respectively). Results Sleep and rumination independently predict variance in depression scores, even when accounting for social anxiety symptoms. In contrast, in individuals with symptoms of social anxiety, the relationship between sleep and social anxiety is mediated by rumination after accounting for depressive symptoms. Limitations A limitation of this design was that psychopathology symptoms and sleep quality were examined through self-report evaluations. Additionally, the overall sample size was small; however, the relative number of participants in each group was substantial despite this limitation. Conclusions Our results strengthen the importance of examining rumination as a transdiagnostic process, but identify differences between these relationships that may be relevant in the treatment of these disorders. Further clinical implications discussed.
Association Between Perceived Threat and the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Patients With Life‐threatening Medical Emergencies

BACKGROUND Our objectives were to test whether during a potentially life-threatening medical emergency, perceived threat (a patient's sense of life endangerment) in the emergency department (ED) is common and associated with the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. METHODS This study was an ED-based prospective cohort study in an academic hospital. We included adult patients requiring acute intervention in the ED for resuscitation of a potentially life-threatening medical emergency, defined as respiratory or cardiovascular instability. We measured patient-perceived threat in the ED using a validated patient self-assessment measure (score range = 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater perceived threat). We performed blinded assessment of PTSD symptoms 30 days after discharge using the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (PCL-5). RESULTS Ninety-nine of 113 (88%) patients completed follow-up, with 98% reporting some degree of perceived threat, median (interquartile range [IQR]) perceived threat score 12 (6 to 17), and 72% reported PTSD symptoms in relation to their ED visit (median [IQR] PCL-5 score = 7 [0 to 30]). Patients with respiratory instability had higher median (IQR) perceived threat scores (16 [9 to 18] vs. 9 [6 to 14)] and PCL-5 scores (10 [2 to 40] vs. 3 [0 to 17]) compared to patients without respiratory instability. In a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for potential confounders, greater perceived threat in the ED was independently associated with higher PCL-5 scores (β = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15 to 1.42). Among the individual perceived threat items, the feeling of helplessness during resuscitation had the strongest association with PCL-5 score (β = 5.24, 95% CI = 2.29 to 8.18). CONCLUSIONS Perceived threat during potentially life-threatening emergencies is common and independently associated with development of PTSD symptoms. Additional research to test whether reduction of perceived threat in the ED attenuates the development of PTSD symptoms following potentially life-threatening emergencies is warranted.
Household Debt Accumulation and the Great Recession of the United States: A Comparative Perspective:

The Great Recession has provided an important intellectual challenge to both post-Keynesian and mainstream economists. In this article we survey some post-Keynesian views on household debt accumula...
Procedure for microbiological baseline surveys conducted by US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service

Abstract This article describes the procedures and statistical techniques that the US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) utilizes when performing a microbiological baseline survey. A baseline is a statistical survey of a specific product regulated by FSIS. It is used to learn about the microbiological profile associated with the commodity. The survey generates data that are used for calculation of national prevalence, performing risk assessments, providing support for guidance to industry, and answers for other data-specific projects. The knowledge gained through baseline surveys is used to accomplish the FSIS mission, which is “Protecting the public's health by ensuring the safety of meat, poultry, and processed egg products.”
Late intraocular Lens dislocation following scleral depression: a case report

The case describes a rare entity. Most cases of IOL dislocation are associated with surgical trauma or preexisting zonulopathy. This patient presents IOL dislocation following routine exam, suggesting the need of careful evaluation of zonular integrity on pseudopahkic patients. Patient is a 65 year old who presented with sudden loss of vision and pain following retinal examination using scleral depression. Patient was diagnosed with late intraocular lens dislocation, which was subsequently for proper repositioning of IOL. Pseduophakic eyes should be approached with caution when scleral indentation is attempted due to the possibility of zonular dehiscence and subsequent intraocular lens dislocation.
Children and adults selectively generalize mechanistic knowledge

A central component of evaluating others as sources of information involves estimating how much they know about different domains: one might be quite knowledgeable about a certain domain (e.g., clocks), but relatively ignorant about another (e.g., birds). Estimating one's domain knowledge often involves making inferences from specific instances or demonstrations, with some suggesting broader knowledge than others. For instance, an American who demonstrates knowledge of an unfamiliar country like Djibouti likely knows more about geography as a whole compared to an American who demonstrates knowledge of a more familiar country like Canada. The current studies investigate the extent to which one potentially salient kind of knowledge - mechanistic knowledge - signals greater domain knowledge as a whole. Across four developmental studies, we find that both adults and children as young as six think that those who possess mechanistic knowledge about a basic level artifact category (e.g., clocks) are more knowledgeable about its superordinate level category (e.g., machines) than those with factual non-mechanistic knowledge (Studies 1a and 2a). We also find an analogous, yet delayed pattern with biological categories (Studies 1b and 2b). Together, these studies demonstrate that even young children, who possess little mechanistic knowledge themselves, nevertheless have a sophisticated sense of how knowledge of mechanism generalizes across related categories.
Development of a Portable Beta Particle Detector for Precision Cancer Detection Using GEM

Radio-PTT, which combines radiotherapy and photo-thermal therapy (PTT), can achieve better local depletion of cancer cells and inhibition of tumor recurrence and metastasis than a stand-alone therapy. The radiolabeled photosensitizer can serve as an imaging reporter for image-guided light delivery. Gamma-rays are usually used for tomographic imaging, but heavy metal collimation limits its application on portable imaging devices. On the other hand, beta particles’ short range can be utilized for a compact design. In this study, we develop a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector for beta particle detection. The detector consists of a Kapton window, a drift foil, three GEM layers and a 128-channel anode readout board. The GEM detector, which amplifies weak signals by electron avalanches, is more sensitive to detect beta particles than gamma photons. Beta emitter, 137Cs, is used to show that the constructed GEM detector can reliably detect beta particles. This study lays a foundation for further development of the portable GEM imaging detector through a scalable readout system, which will yield a highresolution beta imaging tool for Radio-PTT.
Evidence for the Existence of the Hypernucleus Li 6 Λ

An event has been observed in nuclear emulsion which is attributed to the decay of a $_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{Li}^{6}$ hypernucleus, $_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{Li}^{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p+p+{\mathrm{He}}^{4}$, with a total binding energy of $B=3.92\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.37$ MeV relative to the free-particle system $\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}+p+{\mathrm{He}}^{4}$.
Surface SiO2 Thickness Controls Uniform-to-Localized Transition in Lithiation of Silicon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Silicon is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its high capacity, but its widespread adoption has been hampered by a low cycle life arising from mechanical failure and t...
Electromechanics of lipid-modulated gating of Kv channels

Experimental studies reveal that anionic lipid POPA and non-phospholipid cholesterol inhibit the gating of voltage-sensitive potassium (Kv) channels at 5-10% molar concentrations. Intriguingly, other anionic lipids similar to POPA, like POPG, have minimal impact on the gating of the same channels for reasons that remain obscure. Our long-timescale atomistic simulations show that POPA preferentially solvates the voltage sensor domains of Kv channels by direct electrostatic interactions between the positively charged arginine and negatively charged phosphate groups. Cholesterol solvates the voltage sensor domains through CH-{pi} interactions between the cholesterol rings and the aromatic side chains of phenylalanine and tyrosine residues. A continuum electromechanical model predicts that POPA lipids may restrict the vertical motion of voltage-sensor domain through direct electrostatic interactions, while cholesterol may oppose the radial motion of the pore domain of the channel by increasing the mechanical rigidity of the membrane. The electromechanical model predictions are consistent with measurements of the activation curves of Kv channels for various lipids. The atomistic simulations also suggest that the solvation due to POPG is much weaker likely due to its bigger head-group size. Thus the channel activity appears to be tied to the local lipid environment, allowing lipids to regulate channel gating in low concentrations.
The Genetic Basis of Vitiligo.

Vitiligo is a complex disease in which autoimmune destruction of epidermal melanocytes results in patches of depigmented white skin. Vitiligo has an estimated prevalence of about 0.2–2% in different populations and approximately 0.4% in the European-derived white (EUR) population. The fraction of disease risk attributable to genetic variation, termed heritability, is high, with estimates from family studies in EUR of 0.75–0.83 and from SNP based studies estimated at 0.78. About 70% of genetic risk comes from common genetic variants and about 30% from rare genetic variants. Through candidate gene, genomewide linkage, and genomewide association studies, over 50 vitiligo susceptibility loci have been discovered. These have been combined into a vitiligo polygenic risk score, which has allowed various aspects of vitiligo genetic architecture in the EUR population to be better understood. Vitiligo has thus proved to be a particularly tractable model for investigation of complex disease genetic architecture. Here, we summarize progress to date including dissection of heritability, discovery of vitiligo susceptibility loci through candidate gene, genomewide linkage, and genomewide association studies, relationships to other autoimmune diseases, polygenic architecture of vitiligo risk, vitiligo triggering, and disease onset, and provide suggestions for future directions.
Physical Therapy in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: Assessing Potential Benefits and Barriers.

Background Despite advances in the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) in pediatric and young adult patients, pain remains a significant cause of disease-related morbidity. Physical therapy has been shown to be useful for the treatment of pain in young patients with chronic illnesses, however, limited data exists regarding potential benefits of physical therapy in patients with SCD. Materials and methods We conducted a web-based survey of health care providers and support staff in the New England area to identify potential benefits of and barriers to outpatient physical therapy in this patient population. Results Nearly 92% of survey participants felt that physical therapy had the potential to be beneficial in pediatric and young adult patients with SCD. A majority of physicians reported having referred patients with SCD for physical therapy. Perceived potential benefits included improved functional mobility, improved chronic pain symptoms, decreased opiate use, improved mood symptoms, improved acute pain symptoms, and improved adherence with medications and clinic visits. Significant perceived barriers identified included lack of transportation, time constraints, patient lack of understanding, and difficulty with insurance coverage. Conclusions Health care providers have a positive view of the use of physical therapy in the management of this patient population. Significant barriers exist which need to be addressed.
Coping Styles Mediate the Association between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Alcohol Outcomes in College Students

College students report high rates of alcohol consumption and Criterion A traumatic events, which puts them at higher risk for dangerous alcohol-related negative consequences when compared to the g...
Temperature-composition phase diagrams for Ba 1-x Sr x Fe 2 As 2 (0 ≤x≤ 1) and superconducting Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 (Fe 1-y Co y ) 2 As 2 (0 ≤y≤ 0.141)

Single crystals of mixed alkaline earth metal iron arsenide materials, Ba${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Sr${}_{x}$Fe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ with 0.185 \ensuremath{\le} $x$ \ensuremath{\le} 0.762 and Ba${}_{0.5}$Sr${}_{0.5}$(Fe${}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}$Co${}_{y}$)${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ with 0.028 \ensuremath{\le} $y$ \ensuremath{\le} 0.141, are synthesized via the self-flux method. Ba${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Sr${}_{x}$Fe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ display spin-density wave features (${T}_{N}$) at temperatures intermediate to the parent materials, $x$ = 0 and 1, with ${T}_{N}$($x$) following an approximately linear trend. Cobalt doping of the 1:1 Ba:Sr mixture, Ba${}_{0.5}$Sr${}_{0.5}$(Fe${}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}$Co${}_{y}$)${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$, results in a superconducting dome with maximum transition temperature of ${T}_{C}$ = 19 K at $y$ = 0.092, close to the maximum transition temperatures observed in unmixed $A$(Fe${}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}$Co${}_{y}$)${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$; however, an annealed crystal with $y$ = 0.141 showed a ${T}_{C}$ increase from 11 to 16 K with a decrease in Sommerfeld coefficient \ensuremath{\gamma} from 2.58(2) to 0.63(2) mJ/(K${}^{2}$ mol atom). For the underdoped $y$ = 0.053, neutron diffraction results give evidence that ${T}_{N}$ and structural transition (${T}_{O}$) are linked at 78 K, with anomalies observed in magnetization, resistivity, and heat capacity data, while a superconducting transition at ${T}_{C}$ \ensuremath{\approx} 6 K is seen in resistivity and heat capacity data. Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements for $y$ = 0.073 give Dynes broadening factor \ensuremath{\Gamma} = 1.15 and a superconducting gap \ensuremath{\Delta} = 2.37 meV with evidence of surface inhomogeneity.
Commensal pneumococci go nuclear.

Commensal pneumococci convert invasive diseases to peaceful colonizers by commandeering the host nuclear KDM6B demethylase to mark NF-κB sites of the IL-11 cytokine promoter and increase epithelium repair.
Is laryngeal hypersensitivity the basis of unexplained or refractory chronic cough

Refractory chronic cough (RCC) and unexplained chronic cough (UCC) are common problems seen in primary care and subspecialty clinics. The role of cough hypersensitivity and laryngeal dysfunction in contributing to the persistence of cough in RCC/UCC is not well recognised. Data of patients with RCC and UCC evaluated in 2019 by an interdisciplinary cough clinic led by a pulmonologist and speech–language pathology team was reviewed. Patients completed validated questionnaires including the Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ), voice handicap index (VHI) and dyspnoea index (DI) questionnaire at initial encounter. Presence of cough hypersensitivity was based upon a history of allotussia and hypertussia. Laryngeal dysfunction was diagnosed in those with a history of laryngeal paresthesias, throat clearing, voice abnormalities, upper airway dyspnoea and documentation of functional or anatomic laryngeal abnormalities on nasoendoscopy. Of the 60 UCC/RCC patients analysed, 75% of patients were female and 85% were over 40 years of age. Cough hypersensitivity was documented in all patients and multiple cough triggers occurred in 75% of patients. 95%, 50% and 25% of patients reported laryngeal paresthesias, voice abnormalities and upper airway dyspnoea, respectively. Significant associations between LCQ and VHI and DI scores occurred when adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity and body mass index. Laryngeal functional abnormalities were documented on 44 out of 60 patients on nasoendoscopy. Hypertussia, allotussia and laryngeal dysfunction are common in patients with RCC and UCC. Evaluation of UCC and RCC can delineate laryngeal hypersensitivity and allows appropriate treatment to be directed at this phenotype.
Evaluating and Managing Tardive Dyskinesia in the Older Adult

Tardive dyskinesia is an iatrogenic hyperkinetic movement disorder caused by chronic exposure to antidopaminergic agents. The older adult population is particularly vulnerable to developing TD. It is also more difficult to discern the condition given the confounding medical comorbidities that may present at this age including Parkinson’s and other movement disorders that may mimic TD. This paper reviews the most common risk factors, including both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Additionally, the possible causes and proposed pathways of TD and how to correctly diagnose and evaluate TD are discussed. We then focus on how to prevent and manage TD given the current and evolving body of knowledge and evidence. Our stepwise management approach starts by frequent monitoring, discontinuing the culprit antipsychotic, decreasing the dose otherwise; followed by switching to less potent antipsychotics and prescribing VMAT-2 inhibitors. VMAT-2 inhibitors, initially approved for management of Huntington's disease, have been recently showing favorable results in treating other hyperkinetic movement disorders like Tourette’s disease, quickly becoming the first line in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. The properties of the three different agents belonging to this class: tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine, and valbenazine will be examined, including side-effect profiles. Finally, recent investigational agents and treatment modalities, including neuromodulation (TMS and DBS) will be reviewed that can be considered when conventional treatment fails or is not tolerated. Older adults treated with antidopaminergic medications are at greatest risk for development of tardive dyskinesia. It is important to recognize risk factors and accurately diagnose TD early. New FDA-approved treatments and investigational agents are now available to manage the condition, however further research to optimally prevent and manage TD in the older adult population remains necessary.
Human Driven Compliant Transmission Mechanism

Energetically-passive robot exoskeletons, mimicking the function of the bicycle, could enable humans to reach previously unprecedented mobility. However, energetically-passive robot exoskeletons require a sophisticated mechanism to enable the human to supply energy, similar to what is enabled by the variable gear transmission mechanism of the bicycle. In this work, we present a new type of human-driven compliant transmission mechanism that could enable humans to supply energy when the leg is in the air, store the supplied energy, and release the stored energy when the leg is on the ground, in order to amplify the leg force and power. The compliant transmission mechanism presented in this paper is the first prototype and key component of a future human-driven artificial limb that aims to augment human mobility without using external energy.
Big Tech’s ‘Voracious Appetite,’ or Entrepreneurs Who Dream of Acquisition? Regulation and the Interpenetration of Corporate Scales

At a conference of technology entrepreneurs in 2015, a moderator introduced a panel of executives in charge of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) for Facebook, Google, Twitter, and Yahoo. ‘We put it on...
Inhibition of stationary phase respiration impairs persister formation in E. coli

Bacterial persisters are rare phenotypic variants that temporarily tolerate high antibiotic concentrations. Persisters have been hypothesized to underlie the recalcitrance of biofilm infections, and strategies to eliminate these cells have the potential to improve treatment outcomes for many hospital-treated infections. Here we investigate the role of stationary phase metabolism in generation of type I persisters in Escherichia coli, which are those that are formed by passage through stationary phase. We find that persisters are unlikely to derive from bacteria with low redox activity, and that inhibition of respiration during stationary phase reduces persister levels by up to ∼1,000-fold. Loss of stationary phase respiratory activity prevents digestion of endogenous proteins and RNA, which yields bacteria that are more capable of translation, replication and concomitantly cell death when exposed to antibiotics. These findings establish bacterial respiration as a prime target for reducing the number of persisters formed in nutrient-depleted, non-growing populations.
Failure and Commit Protocols

This chapter contains sections titled: Terminology Undo/Redo and Database Recovery Transaction States Revisited Database Recovery Other Types of Database Recovery Recovery Based on Redo/Undo Processes The Complete Recovery Algorithm Distributed Commit Protocols Summary Glossary References Exercises
Raising Our Voices

ABSTRACT Field placements rarely offer student opportunities to learn and practice large scalesocial change interventions. This article describes a classroom assignment, the Advocacy Project, which allows students to gain practical skills in large system change. Data collected through a survey instrument mailed to undergraduate and graduate students (n = 48) who had completed the Advocacy Project sometime between 1985 and 1992 demonstrate the effectiveness of this exercise in increasing respondents' overall attention to macro practice tasks after graduation. As a result of the Advocacy Project, respondents reported: a new identification for successful problem resolution; feelings of increased confidence and personal empowerment; and a new awareness of the value of collective action by small groups.
Job satisfaction as a function of top management support for ethical behavior: A study of indian managers

Based on organizational justice theories and cognitive dissonance theories, the authors hypothesized that: (a) perceived top management support for ethical behaviors will be positively correlated with all facets of job satisfaction (supervision, pay, promotion, work, co-workers, and overall); and (b) the correlation will be highest with the facet of supervision. Empirical results (n = 77 middle level managers from two organizations in South India) supported only the second hypothesis. Implications for managing a global workforce are discussed.
Democracy in progress - or oligarchy in disguise? The politics of decentralized governance in Post-Suharto Indonesia

Despite the introduction of competitive elections and decentralization, Indonesia’s democracy has yet to realize its promise of good government. Public reform efforts have been paralyzed by national political controversies. Meanwhile, corruption and inefficiency remains a rampant problem across many of Indonesia’s decentralized polities. In this paper I advance three interrelated arguments: First, that the coexistence of new democratic rules and entrenched clientelistic structures has given rise to elite-centered governance; second, that local government leadership has had strong effects, for better or worse, on district performance and probity; and third, that the quality of executive leadership is influenced, not only by individual-level characteristics of local mayors, but also by local ‘topographies’ of power – such as the concentration of and the connectivity to socio-economic assets.
Geometric effects on T-breaking in p+ip and d+id superconducting arrays

Superconducting order parameters that change phase around the Fermi surface modify Josephson tunneling behavior, as in the phase-sensitive measurements that confirmed d order in the cuprates. This paper studies Josephson coupling when the individual grains break time-reversal symmetry; the specific cases considered are $p\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\mathrm{ip}$ and $d\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}id,$ which may appear in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{RuO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}\ensuremath{\cdot}({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}{)}_{y},$ respectively. T-breaking order parameters lead to frustrating phases when not all grains have the same sign of time-reversal symmetry breaking, and the effects of these frustrating phases depend sensitively on geometry for two-dimensional arrays of coupled grains. These systems can show perfect superconducting order with or without macroscopic T-breaking. The honeycomb lattice of superconducting grains has a superconducting phase with no spontaneous breaking of T but instead power-law correlations. The superconducting transition in this case is driven by binding of fractional vortices, and the zero-temperature criticality realizes a generalization of Baxter's three-color model.
Amylose graft polymers made by 60Co gamma-irradiation†

Model products were needed to elucidate structure-property relationships in a starch graft polymer research program. Simultaneous irradiation of amylose and acrylamide in oxygen-free, dilute aqueous solutions gave graft polymers with maximum add-on of about 16 percent. The graft polymers were separated from homopolymer and subfractionated by incremental additions of nonsolvent (methyl or ethyl alcohol) to irradiated aqueous reaction media. The graft polymers were fairly homogeneous in graft content. Effects were determined of ratios of monomer to substrate, dose rate, and total dose on yield, graft content, intrinsic viscosity, and homopolymer characteristics. Under some conditions, crosslinks probably formed between graft side chains. Large differences in solution properties of a synthetic mixture of separately irradiated amylose and acrylamide and an irradiated solution of amylose and acrylamide indicated that grafting had occurred. Further evidence for true grafting was based on the action of a selective precipitant, n-butyl alcohol, on graft polymer solutions.
Methylation of secondary cellulose acetate with diazomethane

In an attempt to determine the acetyl group distribution in a commercial secondary cellulose acetate, it was desired to methylate fully the remaining free hydroxyl groups of the cellulose. In order to accomplish this, etherial diazomethane was used as the methylating agent. An anomalous effect was observed during the methylation reaction which was ascribed to a neighboring acetyl group participation. It consists of deacetylation accompanied by the introduction of methoxyl groups on the cellulose. The rate of reaction is controlled by the moisture content of the sample; however, a simple hydrolytic mechanism is not postulated since diazomethane is also required. Kinetic data are presented and two alternative mechanisms for the observed reaction are postulated.
Geometrical confinement effects on the magnetization and polarization response in resonant magneto-optic rotator waveguides

Control of magnetization is central to the performance of magneto-optical switches and isolators. Photonic crystal technology on these devices can yield significant improvements in polarization rotation efficiency and an overall reduction in device dimensions. The optical response and field reversal characteristics of resonant magneto-optic polarization rotators fabricated on chip are presented herein and analyzed by micromagnetic simulation. By introducing domain-strip structures into the resonant cavity of Bragg gratings formed on magnetic garnet films, a bi-stable magnetic state is demonstrated and the enhancement of characteristic saturation field is studied. Domain closure loops between the strips affect the hysteresis response in the resonant cavity. Large magneto-optic rotations exceeding 45° are produced near resonance between 1500 and 1580 nm in the stop-bands, although the presence of linear birefringence in these gyrotropic waveguides strongly suppresses the Faraday rotation outside the stop-bands and degrades the linearity of the output polarization.
A numerical study of nonlinear wave interaction in regular and irregular seas: irrotational Green-Naghdi model

Abstract The irrotational Green–Naghdi model for nonlinear wave propagation in deep water is developed to simulate the irregular sea surface of a given directional wave spectrum. The model is derived from Hamilton's principle with a depthwise approximation to the flow field. The nonlinear boundary conditions are exactly satisfied on the actual free surface, and the continuity equation is satisfied exactly within the fluid domain. The ‘level’ of approximation in the depthwise direction is optimally chosen to simulate a given wave spectrum accurately with minimum computational effort. Several numerical techniques also are introduced to cut the computational cost further. Numerical results for two-dimensional nonlinear waves are presented.
Ocular adnexal granulocytic sarcoma as the first sign of acute myelogenous leukemia relapse

Abstract PURPOSE: To report a case of granulocytic sarcoma involving the eyelids and caruncles after bone marrow transplantation. METHODS: Case report. A 30-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia in remission developed multiple friable eyelid and caruncular lesions in addition to two cutaneous lesions on the chest wall and right axilla approximately 3 months after a successful autologous bone marrow transplant. RESULT: Pathologic examination was consistent with granulocytic sarcoma. CONCLUSION: This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous or eyelid masses in patients with a history of leukemia.
Gating properties of single SK channels in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.

Abstract The activation of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK) has a profound effect on membrane excitability. In hippocampal pyramidal neurons, SK channel activation by Ca 2+ entry from a preceding burst of action potentials generates the slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP). Stimulation of a number of receptor types suppresses the slow AHP, inhibiting spike frequency adaptation and causing these neurons to fire tonically. Little is known of the gating properties of native SK channels in CNS neurons. By using excised inside-out patches, a small-amplitude channel has been resolved that was half-activated by ∼0.6 μ M Ca 2+ in a voltage-independent manner. The channel possessed a slope conductance of 10 pS and exhibited nonstationary gating. These properties are in accord with those of cloned SK channels. The measured Ca 2+ sensitivity of hippocampal SK channels suggests that the slow AHP is generated by activation of SK channels from a local rise of intracellular Ca 2+ .
In vitro polyoma DNA synthesis: self-annealing properties of short DNA chains.

Abstract Short DNA chains, isolated from in vitro pulse-labeled replicating polyoma DNA, exhibit some degree of self-complementarity (28% resistance to S1 nuclease after self-annealing to plateau levels). This level of self-annealing is not increased if short DNA chains present as free single-stranded DNA after extraction are included in the hybridization, excluding a selective loss of chains from one side of the growing fork and supporting a semi-discontinuous mode of chain growth. This mode also applies to restricted synthesis conditions under which a relative excess of short chains is made, since no increase in the self-annealing of such short chains is observed. The self-annealing that can be measured is higher for the faster sedimenting portion (46%) of the short DNA chains than for the slower sedimenting portion (18.5%), indicating that it is most likely due to contaminating continuously growing strands from the other side of the fork. High self-annealing values (up to 60%) are obtained if virus stocks generating defective DNA are used for infection. Restriction endonuclease (HpaII) characterization of such DNA shows evidence for the presence of multiple origins of replication. One of several possible mechanisms is discussed by which replicating defective DNA can generate self-complementary short chains despite a semi-discontinuous mode of replication.
Spectral statistics of the k-body random-interaction model.

We reconsider the question of the spectral statistics of the k-body random-interaction model, investigated recently by Benet, Rupp, and Weidenmuller, who concluded that the spectral statistics are Poissonian. The binary-correlation method that these authors used involves formal manipulations of divergent series. We argue that Borel summation does not suffice to define these divergent series without further (arbitrary) regularization, and that this constitutes a significant gap in the demonstration of Poissonian statistics. Our conclusion is that the spectral statistics of the k-body random-interaction model remains an open question.
Primary care-mental health integration in healthcare in the Department of Veterans Affairs.

DThe U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs(VA) has been undergoing tremendous trans-formation in the past 15 years with regard tothe delivery of health care. This special issuedescribes one aspect of this transformation ofthe largest health system in the U.S.; the sys-tem-wide efforts to integrate mental healthtreatment into the primary care setting inVA. This primary care-mental health inte-gration (PC-MHI) is being accomplishedthrough the central VA system support andimplementation of three primary modelsdeveloped in the Þeld: the White RiverColocated models, the Behavioral HealthLaboratory, and TIDES (Translating Initi-atives in Depression into Effective Solu-tions). The papers in this special issue de-scribe the development of these models, localand regional efforts to prepare medical cen-ters to adapt and implement PC-MHI, andthe impact of the integration on mentalhealth care in these settings. These effortscould represent a national model ofPC-MHI implementation for health caresystems throughout the U.S.Keywords: primary care-mental health in-tegration, primary care, mental health ser-vices, military veterans
Effect on Different Foods and Beverages on Lipoprotein Oxidizability

Text: A research study of a group of Spaniards showed the consumption of olive oil resulted in post-prandial LDL that was protected from oxidation and contained bound polyphenols(Free Rad Biol Med.,2006). This study sought to determine if a variety of high polyphenol content foods would lower the oxidation of LDL and VLDL. A small sample of subjects ingested a low polyphenol diet for two days and collected urine samples and fasting lipid profiles. They then randomly were given high polyphenol foods as well as placebo with baseline and two hour blood sampling being done. The plasmas and aliquots of urine were stored and LDL and VLDL extracted and subjected to HPLC with electrochemical detection to determine bound phenols. Urine was analyzed for creatine and polyphenols using Folin colorimetry. This study provided baseline data that these high polyphenol food products may provide protection from cardiovascular disease through a reduction in the atheroschlerotic process.
Juvenile hormone effects on metamorphosis of lobster larvae

Summary The insect developmental regulator, juvenile hormone III, or its presumed precursor, farnesol, (10−7 M and 10 −6 M), were added to water in which larval lobsters (Homarus americanus) were allowed to develop. The most reproducible effect observed was a prolonging of the time to metamorphosis (hatching to fourth stage). Only JH III was effective. Morphological parameters such as carapace, antennae, and chelae lengths were also measured after metamorphosis. It was observed that JH III generally decreased carapace length, but increased the lengths of the antennae and chelae. These latter morphological alterations were occasionally also seen with farnesol treatment.
Thermonuclear-Reaction Rates at High Temperature

Thermonuclear-reaction rates have been calculated over the temperature range $2l~(\frac{T}{{10}^{9}})\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}l~6$ for some cases of particular interest in nucleosynthesis during silicon burning (Michaud and Fowler). We explicitly relate our calculations to the evaporation theory and the optical model for particle channels. For $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray channels we develop an approximate formula fitted to the experimental results of Macklin and Gibbons on radiative capture reactions for neutrons. We compare our calculated rates with available data and discuss the effect of excited states.
Antipsychotic drug effects on the electrical activity of dopaminergic neurons

Although antipsychotic drugs have been around for 30 years, the mechanism by which they produce their clinical effects is still unknown. Progress, however, has been made in understanding their cellular site and mechanism of action. In recent years electrophysiological techniques have increasingly made a contribution in this regard. One part of this contribution has come from examining in vivo the effects of antipsychotic drugs on the activity of neurochemically identified neurons, especially those using dopamine as their chemical messenger. Acute and chronic studies have demonstrated specific actions of these drugs on dopaminergic cell firing rate. In addition, chronic studies have revealed time-dependent changes in dopamine cell activity which correlate well with the delayed onset of some of the clinical effects of these drugs. These findings allow one to develop hypotheses concerning the way in which these drugs produce their behavioral effects and suggest ways by which these hypotheses may be tested in man.
Multiple clonal MLL fusions in a patient receiving CHOP-based chemotherapy.

Summary MLL rearrangements were analysed in the blood of a patient receiving chemotherapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using inverse polymerase chain reaction targeting exon 12, parallel sequencing and a custom algorithm design. Of thirteen MLL rearrangements detected, five were capable of generating MLL fusion genes, including MLL-MLLT3, the most common fusion in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Other fusions, all previously clinically unobserved, included MLL-NKD1, a fusion to the negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a pathway linked to leukaemic cell proliferation. The majority of the fusions exhibited clonal persistence from before treatment until 6 months post-chemotherapy, suggesting the fusions may confer a survival advantage to the mutant clone. MLL breakpoints were partly clustered at a specific location, indicating commonality in the process of their formation. Further, the same MLL breakpoint location exhibited a 50–100-fold increase in C to T transitions, consistent with attack by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA). As is also observed in AML and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, in this single patient setting, MLL is capable of interacting with multiple fusion partners. This finding defines a discrete site of MLL susceptibility to fragmentation, linked to possible deregulation of AICDA function.
The notions of consistency and predicate locks in a database system

In database systems, users access shared data under the assumption that the data satisfies certain consistency constraints. This paper defines the concepts of transaction, consistency and schedule and shows that consistency requires that a transaction cannot request new locks after releasing a lock. Then it is argued that a transaction needs to lock a logical rather than a physical subset of the database. These subsets may be specified by predicates. An implementation of predicate locks which satisfies the consistency condition is suggested.
Imaging a Gas-Sparged Stirred-Tank Reactor With X-Ray CT

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is used to explore the differences in gas dispersion in a gas-sparged stirred-tank reactor (STR) for different operating conditions. X-ray CT imaging is completed for various impeller speeds and gas flow rates in a 0.21 m ID STR made out of acrylic and equipped with a nylon Rushton-type impeller. From the CT slices, major differences in local time-averaged gas holdup can be seen, depending on the operating condition. Completely dispersed conditions have a relatively uniform holdup profile while flooded conditions have an increase in gas holdup towards the center of the tank. The high resolution of the X-ray system allows for visualizing time-averaged gas flow details such as low gas holdup regions directly above the impeller region under certain operating conditions and recirculation regions behind the baffles.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Infrared spectra of the low-temperature interaction of CO and Ni

A matrix isolation technique is used to examine with infrared spectroscopy the interaction between Ni particles and CO at temperatures down to 44°K. The CO may be brought into contact with the Ni by diffusion within the matrix, by evaporating the Ar matrix to leave bare Ni and then adding CO, or by adding CO to the Ar stream during the Ni evaporation. Finely divided Ni interacts with CO in the matrix at 44°K to give large infrared bands with maxima near 2080 and 1900 cm−1, which are proposed as being due to CO on Ni atoms that have low coordination numbers on the surface. The adsorption at 21°K of CO on bare Ni left by evaporating the matrix produces a band at 2060 cm−1 which disappears by 160°K upon warming the sample. Exposure of the bare Ni to CO at 150°K produces bands near 2070 and 1900 cm−1, apparently indicating an activation energy of a few tenths of a kilocalorie for this adsorption since this did not occur at 44°K. A major sintering process which greatly reduces the intensity of infrared bands occurs just below room temperature.
Convenient one-step syntheses of tri-n-butyltin bromide or iodide and di-n-butyltin dibromide or diiodide from the corresponding organotin chlorides

Abstract Tri-n-butyltin bromide or iodide and di-n-butyltin dibromide or diiodide may be conveniently prepared from the corresponding organotin chlorides by tetra-n-butylammonium halide-catalyzed halogen redistribution reactions with suitable alkyl bromides or iodides. However, similar transformations are not feasible for trimethylhalosilanes.