cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The age group labels and categories of preschool children

EDWARDS, CAROLYN POPE. The Age Group Labels and Categories of Preschool Children. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1984, 55, 440-452. Questions of how young children use "age" groups to understand the social world led to 2 studies exploring the content of preschool children's age group labels and categories. Study 1 included 32 children aged 2-4 years and determined spontaneous labels for both photographs and dolls representing the life span. Results indicated that children readily labeled all ages using a relatively limited set of terms, but showed less patterned labeling of stimuli representing adults than children. Girls' labels were more structured than boys'. Older preschoolers showed more differentiated structures than did younger ones and used more kinship terms as labels. Study 2, on 84 children aged 3-5, was a photograph-sorting task that determined the points of transition between age categories as well as subjects' own self-identification by age group. Results indicated that preschoolers used a nonadult method of dividing up the life span. Older children made fewer errors. Age self-identification was congruent with how children sorted photos of unfamiliar peers. However, younger boys and girls differed in their self-identification, perhaps reflecting differences in gender identification processes.
Computing infrastructure for big data processing

With computing systems undergone a fundamental transformation from single-processor devices at the turn of the century to the ubiquitous and networked devices and the warehouse-scale computing via the cloud, the parallelism has become ubiquitous at many levels. At micro level, parallelisms are being explored from the underlying circuits, to pipelining and instruction level parallelism on multi-cores or many cores on a chip as well as in a machine. From macro level, parallelisms are being promoted from multiple machines on a rack, many racks in a data center, to the globally shared infrastructure of the Internet. With the push of big data, we are entering a new era of parallel computing driven by novel and ground breaking research innovation on elastic parallelism and scalability. In this paper, we will give an overview of computing infrastructure for big data processing, focusing on architectural, storage and networking challenges of supporting big data paper. We will briefly discuss emerging computing infrastructure and technologies that are promising for improving data parallelism, task parallelism and encouraging vertical and horizontal computation parallelism.
Efficacy of Ipronidazole in Feed and Water Against Histomoniasis in Turkeys 4 to 10 Weeks of Age

Abstract Three experiments were conducted with Large White turkeys four to 10 weeks of age. Antihistomonal activity of different levels of ipronidazole (1-methyl-2-isopropyl-5-nitroimidazole) in feed and water plus the recommended levels of five other drugs in feed were studied. Poults were exposed with approximately 100 embryonated Heterakis gallinae ova (containing Histomonas meleagridis) administered orally. Histomoniasis mortality was recorded during post-exposure periods of 27–35 days. Dead birds and those surviving (including controls) the post-exposure periods were examined for hepatic and cecal lesions typical for the disease. The 0.00625 percent level of ipronidazole in feed was highly effective in preventing histomoniasis mortality. Dimetridazole and ronidazole fed at recommended levels showed the same prophylactic efficacy in one experiment. Carbarsone, nitarsone and 2-acetylamino-5-nitrothiazole, when fed at manufacturer’s recommended levels, were significantly (P
Developing a rhythmic performance practice in music for piano and tape

There are many excellent works for piano and tape; however, there have been an insufficient number of pianists widely performing these works. The purpose of this article is to critically analyse the rhythmic relationships between piano and tape, serving a pedagogical function for both composers and pianists in technical and aesthetic terms. Hopefully these techniques will encourage pianists to include music for piano and tape as part of their repertoire.
PDFgetX: a program for obtaining the atomic pair distribution function from X-ray powder diffraction data

For many materials with disorder, the local structure information is important in understanding their physical properties. However, the conventional crystal structure re®nement by the Rietveld method only allows the determination of the long-range average structure. The pair distribution function (PDF), which can be obtained from powder diffraction data, allows one to extract both local and average structural information (Petkov et al., 1999; Billinge & Thorpe, 1998). We present here a program, PDFgetX, for obtaining the PDF from Xray powder diffraction data. A similar program to process neutron powder diffraction data has already been published (Peterson et al., 2000).
Optimization of Multiparameter Systems By Hybrid Computer Techniques Part I

The following is essentially the first part of Chapter XV of a set of notes prepared for a course in Hybrid Computation by Walter J. Karplus (Department of Engineering, Univ. of California) and George A. Bekey. It is one of the series on Education in Simulation promised in the editorial "Education: A Vital Responsibility" in the January issue of SIMULATION.
On sensitivity in multivariate non-stationary systems†

In n series of earlier papers classical system sensitivity concepts have been generalized to an abstract system setting. In this abstract setting a criteria for reducing system sensitivity through feedback was established, This paper shows that effective design techniques can be developed from the criteria in the domain of non-stationary systems.
Transfer-matrix analysis of a two-dimensional quasicrystal.

We investigate the quasicrystalline state of a two-dimensional binary alloy in a discrete tiling approximation. Through transfer-matrix calculations we determine the configurational entropy over a range of concentrations. We find that the entropy density is maximized by a state with tenfold symmetry at the quasicrystal concentration. Derivatives of the entropy density at its maximum yield values for the phason elastic constants. Our results confirm the existence of quasi-long-range translational order in equilibrium quasicrystalline alloys and lend support to the random-tiling model of quasicrystals.
The “Spectrum Dip”: Dynamic Interaction of System Components

In the early 1960s, many full sized surface combatants, submarines and structural models were tested with underwater explosive in order to evaluate the shock load to the ship and internal equipment and structures. Initially, shock spectra were calculated from base motion measurements of internal equipment and components. Attempts were made to envelop these spectra to develop shock design spectra inputs. At that time, earthquake engineers were using this enveloping method to develop design procedures from ground motion measurements to protect structures from earthquakes. However, for the measurements on ships, this procedure resulted in calculated loads that would have caused catastrophic failure of the equipment; yet the equipment had not failed on the ship tests. As a result, the data was reanalyzed over a period of over a year. It was concluded that the dynamic interaction of each component or structure reduced the measured spectral motion at the fixed-base frequencies of the structure by about an order of magnitude. In many cases, there was a dip in the shock spectra at the fixed-base frequencies: the “spectrum dip” phenomenon. This reanalysis led to shock spectra design curves for navy ships. This paper will present a review of an experimental study and an analytical model to explain the effect of dynamic interaction on the shock or response spectrum. In addition, a practical example of interaction of four single mass dynamic systems mounted on a realistic deck and subjected to a high impact shock input was studied by the authors.© 2007 ASME
Dermatoses affecting desmosomes in animals: a mechanistic review of acantholytic blistering skin diseases

Failure of desmosomal adhesion with ensuing keratinocyte separation - a phenomenon called acantholysis - can result from genetic, autoimmune or infectious proteolytic causes. Rare hereditary disorders of desmosomal formation have been identified in animals. Familial acantholysis of Angus calves and hereditary suprabasal acantholytic mechanobullous dermatosis of buffaloes appear to be similar to acantholytic epidermolysis bullosa of human beings. A genetic acantholytic dermatosis resembling human Darier disease has been rarely recognized in dogs. In autoimmune blistering dermatoses, circulating autoantibodies bind to the extracellular segments of desmosomal proteins and induce acantholysis. Autoantibodies against desmoglein-3 are found in canine pemphigus vulgaris and paraneoplastic pemphigus. Autoantibodies against desmoglein-1 have been rarely detected in dogs with pemphigus foliaceus. When circulating autoantibodies target desmogleins-1 and -3, mucocutaneous pemphigus vulgaris develops in dogs. Finally, several infectious agents can release proteases that cleave desmosomal bonds. In superficial pustular dermatophytosis of dogs and horses, Trichophyton hyphae colonize the stratum corneum, and acantholysis presumably develops because of proteases secreted by the dermatophytes. In exudative epidermitis of piglets, Staphylococcus bacteria - usually Staphylococcus hyicus- release exfoliatin toxins that bind to and specifically cleave desmoglein-1. Any of the above mechanisms can result in impairment of desmosomal function with subsequent acantholysis. The end point of adhesion failure is identical among these diseases: there is cleft formation where desmosomes are affected. The similarity of mechanisms explains why clinical and microscopic skin lesions overlap between entities, thus leaving clinicians and dermatopathologists with the conundrum of determining whether the acantholysis is of genetic, autoimmune or infectious origin.
POLYPOID ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION OF THE URETER

Congenital arteriovenous malformations of the genitourinary system are exceedingly rare. The majority are located in the kidney or bladder. Only 1 case of arteriovenous malformation of the ureter has been previously reported.' We describe a case of an unusually long polypoid arteriovenous malformation of the mid ureter. Arteriovenous malformations are exceedingly rare but clinically they may mimic a fibroepithelial polyp. Histological examination of arteriovenous malformations shows multiple large caliber blood vessels with thromboses. In contrast, fibroepithelial polyps are characterized by an edematous submucosa with fibrous collagenous stroma and chronic inflammation.13 CASE REPORT A 29-year-old black woman presented with intermittent gross hematuria and right lower quadrant pain. A brief episode of right flank pain 1 year previously had been attributed to a renal calculus, although no stone was recovered. Physical and laboratory evaluations were remarkable only for microscopic hematuria. Cytological evaluation of the urine showed no malignant cells. Excretory urography (IVF') demonstrated right hydroureteronephrosis to the level of the mid ureter and retrograde pyelography confirmed a 12 cm. filling defect extending from the mid to distal ureter (fig. 1, A). Ureteroscopy using an 8F semirigid ureteroscope showed a long polypoid mass originating in the mid ureter and extending into the intramural ureter. Frozen section biopsy of the mass revealed benign urothelial mucosa with prominent submucosal vessels. The polyp was debulked using a 2F right angle Greenwald electrosurgical probe but complete excision was not done because of inadequate visualization of the base of the bulky mass. The remainder of the lesion was resected endoscopically at a second setting using a Greenwald electrode, and the base of the lesion was fulgurated. An indwelling ureteral stent remained in place for 6 weeks. Followup IVP at 3 and 9 months showed no residual filling defect or obstruction (fig. 1, B). The patient remains asymptomatic with a normal urinalysis 9 months postoperatively. Gross pathological examination demonstrated a contracted 2.8 x 0.5 x 0.5 cm. polypoid tan glistening mass. Histological evaluation revealed numerous large dilated submucosal arterial and venous blood vessels with irregular eccentric thickening of the walls and multiple foci of thrombosis, consistent with a polypoid arteriovenous malformation (fig. 2). The overlying urothelium was unremarkable.
High strain-rate mechanical properties of SnAgCu leadfree alloys

Electronic products are subjected to high G-levels during mechanical shock and vibration. Failure-modes include solder-joint failures, pad cratering, chip-cracking, copper trace fracture, and underfill fillet failures. The second-level interconnects may be experience high-strain rates and accrue damage during repetitive exposure to mechanical shock. Industry migration to leadfree solders has resulted in proliferation of a wide variety of solder alloy compositions. Few of the popular tin-silver-copper alloys include Sn1Ag0.5Cu and Sn3Ag0.5Cu. The high strain rate properties of leadfree solder alloys are scarce. Typical material tests systems are not well suited for measurement of high strain rates typical of mechanical shock. Previously, high strain rates techniques such as the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) can be used for strain rates of 1000 per sec. However, measurement of materials at strain rates of 1–100 per sec which are typical of mechanical shock is difficult to address. In this paper, a new test-technique developed by the authors has been presented for measurement of material constitutive behavior. The instrument enables attaining strain rates in the neighborhood of 1 to 100 per sec. High speed cameras operating at 300,000 fps have been used in conjunction with digital image correlation for the measurement of full-field strain during the test. Constancy of cross-head velocity has been demonstrated during the test from the unloaded state to the specimen failure. Solder alloy constitutive behavior has been measured for SAC105, and SAC305 solders. Constitutive model has been fit to the material data. Samples have been tested at various time under thermal aging at 25°C and 125°C. The constitutive model has been embedded into an explicit finite element framework for the purpose of life-prediction of leadfree interconnects. Test assemblies has been fabricated and tested under JEDEC JESD22-B111 specified condition for mechanical shock. Model predictions have been correlated with experimental data.
Treatment Failure Outcomes for Emergency Department Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.

Author(s): May, Larissa S.; Zocchi, Mark; Zatorski, Catherine; Jordan, Jeanne A.; Rothman, Richard E.; Ware, Chelsea E.; Eells, Samantha; Miller, Loren | Abstract: Introduction: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are commonly evaluated in the emergency department (ED). Our objectives were to identify predictors of SSTI treatment failure within one week post-discharge in patients with cutaneous abscesses, as well as to identify predictors of recurrence within three months in that proportion of participants.Methods: This was a sub-analysis of a parent study, conducted at two EDs, evaluating a new, nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for Staphylococcus aureus in ED patients. Patients ≥18 years receiving incision and drainage (IaD) were eligible. Patient-reported outcome data on improvement of fever, swelling, erythema, drainage, and pain were collected using a structured abstraction form at one week, one month, and three months post ED visit. Results: We enrolled 272 participants (20 from a feasibility study and 252 in this trial), of which 198 (72.8%) completed one-week follow up. Twenty-seven additional one-week outcomes were obtained through medical record review rather than by the one-week follow-up phone call. One hundred ninety-three (73%) patients completed either the one- or three-month follow up. Most patients recovered from their initial infection within one week, with 10.2% of patients reporting one-week treatment failure. The odds of treatment failure were 66% lower for patients who received antibiotics following IaD at their initial visit. Overall SSTI recurrence rate was 28.0% (95% CI [21.6%-34.4%]) and associated with contact with someone infected with methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), previous SSTI history, or clinician use of wound packing. Conclusion: Treatment failure was reduced by antibiotic use, whereas SSTI recurrence was associated with prior contact, SSTI, or use of packing.
What Makes Them the Best? An Analysis of the Relationship between State Education Quality and Principal Preparation Practices

This paper examines the relationship between principals’ training experiences and perceived school quality in seven U.S. states. Current school principals were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the comparative effectiveness of field experiences in the principal preparation program (PPP) each attended. States were selected to represent high, middle, and low scorers in the annual Education Week “Quality Counts” report. Surveys were emailed to school principals in Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Nebraska, and South Dakota; the response rate was over 17%. Most respondents completed field experiences as part of their PPPs and considered many of those experiences to have been valuable learning tools. Principals from the highest-ranked states identified data-driven analysis as having helped prepare them the most, while principals from two of the three lowest-ranked states mentioned working with curriculum, data analysis, & involvement in teacher observations and/or evaluations as field experiences that helped prepare them the most. This research found strong support for expanding the use of field experiences in principal training, especially as part of a longer PPP period or internship. It also indicates a need for more budget and finance training; teacher observation and evaluation training; curriculum training; and student discipline training.
Materials Design of Visible-Light Ferroelectric Photovoltaics from First Principles

Further improvement of the power conversion efficiencies of conventional perovskite ferroelectric oxides has been strongly impeded by their wide band gaps. Here, we use several band gap engineering strategies to design low band gap ferroelectric materials from first principles. We show that polarization rotation is useful for reducing the band gaps of strongly distorted perovskites. A variety of visible-light ferroelectric solid solutions are designed by combining Zn substitution into KNbO3 with polarization rotation. Alternatively, the band gaps can be reduced by the introduction of low-lying intermediate bands through Bi5+ substitution. With this strategy, two Bi5+-containing visible-light ferroelectric solid solutions are designed, which exhibit comparable bulk photocurrent to that of prototypical ferroelectric oxides, but with lower photon energies, as evidenced by the shift current calculations.
Antitumor effects of lenalidomide in combination with IDEC114 (anti CD80) in lymphoma bearing severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model

3037 Background: Lenalidomide is a thalidomide analogue with immunomodulatory effects. We previously demonstrated that lenalidomide enhances the biological activity of rituximab. In our current wor...
Improving the quality of high alloy CA6NM stainless steel castings

This paper describes two studies performed on CA6NM martensitic stainless steel. The goal of the first study was to investigate claims that CA6NM hardness could be held below Rockwell C (Rc) 23 as per NACE requirements using an ice water quench. This research was performed on three grades of CA6NM, namely, A487 Class A, A487 Class B and A743 in both asreceived and as-cast conditions. A double tempering at 667oC and 607oC followed by different cooling techniques after solutionizing and tempering was employed to test the hypothesis. The holding time for each tempering step was also changed to study the changes in hardness. Hardness was found to decrease on each tempering and no special effect was found on using different cooling techniques. Lower hardness values were only found to be related to the amount of carbon in the three grades studied. The goal of the second study was to analyze the possible use of cold spray as a means of porosity repair in CA6NM stainless steel and to determine the effect on the hardness of the material. Hardness and microstructure were studied for both the cold sprayed and substrate surfaces and it was found that while the cold sprayed material was slightly higher there was no major change in the hardness and microstructures of the substrate. However, improper bonding and cracks seen in the cold spray material raise concerns that the material may spall from the surface during use. Further study is needed to determine whether this could happen and whether cold spray is a truly viable alternative to weld repair.
Optical Encoders Encoding Characteristics Simulation Design Using ZEMAX Optical Design Program

This technical paper writing explains a customized analysis methodology to study the optical and encoding performance of optical encoders using simulation technique in ZEMAX Optical Design Program.
The MPA capstone course: multifaceted uses and potentialities in program assessment

In the United States, Master of Public Administration Program (MPA) accreditations come through fulfilling the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and administration (NASPAA) accreditatio...
Incidence of Autotomy in New England Populations of Green Crabs, Carcinus Maenas, and an Examination of the Effect of Claw Autotomy on Diet

ABSTRACT Like other decapod crustaceans, the green crab Carcinus maenas can actively amputate limbs by the process of autotomy. The loss of limbs may have consequences for the future fitness of an individual, since it is likely to impose energetic costs, including a reduced foraging efficiency. This study examined the occurrence of limb loss and the effects of claw autotomy on the diet of green crabs. Green crabs were collected from May-October 1995 from sites in New England. All crabs (N = 1,504) were examined in the field, and 402 adult crabs (>30 mm wide) were included in the analysis of gut contents. Overall, females experienced more injuries (38.4% missing at least I limb, N = 277; 17.89% missing 1 or both claws, N = 129) than males (32.18% missing at least 1 limb, N = 252; 14.8% missing 1 or both claws, N = 116). The overall incidence of autotomy generally increased with increasing crab size. but the incidence of claw autotomy did not. The most common identifiable materials in the guts were the hard parts of molluscs, arthropods, and annelids. The contents of the guts differed between sites, but was not significantly different for crabs missing claws than for intact crabs. Thus, the loss of a single claw does not seem to alter crab diet.
Pinchot and Coolidge: The Politics of the 1923 Anthracite Crisis

IN the late summer and early fall of 1923, Gifford Pinchlot, the newlyelected Progressive Republican governor of Pennsylvania, emerged as a major contender for the 1924 Republican presidential nomination. A serious strike in Pennsylvania's anthracite coal fields had made the governor a focal point of national attention. After Calvin Coolidge, the new President, had failed to act to avert the walkout, Pinchot intervened vigorously in the labor situation. By settling the strike quickly and decisively, thus demonstrating to the nation qualities of leadership which contrasted sharply with the apparent vacillation of the Chief Executive, Pinchot gathered public acclaim and the support of many Progressives who sought to unseat the
Theorizing Diplomacy as Agency

Brian C. Rathbun. (2014). Diplomacy’s Value: Creating Security in 1920s Europe and the Contemporary Middle East . Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 267 pp., $29.95 paperback (ISBN: 978-0-8014-7990-8). Almost twenty years ago, Paul Sharp (1999, 34) made the following observation in this very journal: “… we might think that students of international relations would pay a great deal of attention to diplomacy, but they do not. The study of diplomacy remains marginal to and almost disconnected from the field.” Close to two decades later, the study of diplomacy, firmly planted within the discipline of international relations, is in much healthier shape. Sharp’s own (2009) Diplomatic Theory of International Relations , Christer Jonsson and Martin Hall’s (2005) Essence of Diplomacy , Jennifer Mitzen’s (2013) Power in Concert: The Nineteenth-Century Origins of Global Governance , Keren Yarhi-Milo’s (2014) Knowing the Adversary: Leaders, Intelligence, and Assessment of Intentions in International Relations , and Rebecca Adler-Nissen’s (2014) Opting Out of the European Union: Diplomacy, Sovereignty, and European Integration are all exemplary attempts to not only refocus attention onto diplomacy as a discrete activity of international practice that deserves attention, but to theorize at a deep level how diplomats contribute to the construction of the international system. Brian C. Rathbun’s (2014) Diplomacy’s Value: Creating Security in 1920s Europe and the Contemporary Middle East not only contributes to this resurgence of interest in diplomacy, but propels the discussion forward in three important ways, including theoretically, empirically, and methodologically. Before discussing the value of the argument, … mholmes{at}wm.edu
On the Enlightenment of Liang Qichao's National Cohesive Force

Liang Qichao is the famous ideologist in Chinese modern history.His thoughts enlighten a whole epoch.His thoughts,especially the thoughts on the national cohesive force of unity,self-improvement,patriotism and love of one's family,have penetrated into people's heart,which give us deep enlightenment.The thoughts of national cohesive force are as following:the long splendid historical culture is the solid foundation of the national cohesive force;the insisting of CPC's leadership position is the nucleus of the national cohesive force;the unity of the country and the national prosperity is the strong footstone of the national cohesive force;the economic basis is the powerful backing of the national cohesive force;the patriotism,unity,self-respect and self-improvement is the endless force sources of the national cohesive force.
Abstract B06: Complex requirement of YAP and TAZ in gastrointestinal development and tumorigenesis

YAP and TAZ are the major intracellular mediators of Hippo signaling in mammals; however, the precise function of YAP/TAZ in gastrointestinal development and tumorigenesis remains poorly understood. By specific removal of YAP/TAZ from the developing endoderm and gastrointestinal tract, we find that YAP/TAZ are dispensable for Wnt signal transduction and normal gastrointestinal epithelial differentiation, but act as the direct TCF4 targets and downstream effectors during epithelial transformation. Surprisingly, our loss- and gain-of-function genetic analyses identify an essential role for YAP/TAZ in the gastrointestinal mesenchyme as a molecular switch to coordinate growth and differentiation. We find that YAP/TAZ are required for the expansion of the primitive progenitor populations critical for mesenchymal growth. However, persistent YAP activation inhibits the induction of the smooth muscle lineage, and YAP/TAZ down-regulation during later development is essential for Hedgehog signaling-induced differentiation of smooth muscle cells. Taken together, our studies uncover a complex requirement of YAP/TAZ in the gastrointestinal tract and demonstrate the functional interplays among key signaling pathways during gastrointestinal development and tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Jennifer L. Cotton, Qi Li, Lifang Ma, Tony Ip, Randy Johnson, Junhao Mao. Complex requirement of YAP and TAZ in gastrointestinal development and tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Developmental Biology and Cancer; Nov 30-Dec 3, 2015; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(4_Suppl):Abstract nr B06.
Fashion and Beauty

Long before the middle of the twentieth century, magazines for women placed great emphasis on women’s physical appearance. Nineteenth-century periodicals such as Godey’s Lady’s Book regularly published illustrations of the latest women’s fashions, and some magazines that began in the late nineteenth century, such as McCall’s, originated as a means of promoting dressmaking patterns for home seamstresses. Vogue and Harper’s Bazaar have long been devoted to the world of high fashion. Whereas these magazines have primarily addressed the sophisticated, well-to-do reader, by the 1940s other segments of the population were being given advice on not only how to dress but also how to apply cosmetics, keep skin soft, style hair, and smell good. The magazines for homemakers tended to offer practical suggestions for budget-conscious women who shopped at J. C. Penney instead of Bergdorf Goodman; magazines for younger women, such as Mademoiselle and Seventeen, focused on the proper appearance for dating, parties, and attracting members of the opposite sex. Whatever the magazine’s audience, the underlying message was similar to those regarding housekeeping, marriage, and parenting: Looking good was a duty, requiring hard work and commitment. Titles such as “Do You Make These Beauty Blunders?” suggested just how close women could be to making mistakes and did little to alleviate the anxieties about personal appearance that were also being fostered by films and, later, television.
Delineating serial mechanical property changes in a dog model of duchenne muscular dystrophy using ARFI ultrasound, in vivo

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder that is caused by a mutation in the gene for dystrophin leading to a loss of the dystrophin protein from the muscle cell (myofiber) membrane. The golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) model also has a naturally-occurring dystrophin gene mutation and progressive phenotypic features analogous to those seen in DMD. We have investigated the use of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging in the GRMD canine model. Imaging was performed in vivo on the right rectus femoris (RF) and cranial sartorius (CS) muscles in both transverse and parallel planes. A cohort of 6 normal dogs and 4 GRMD dogs were imaged at 3, 6, and 12 months of age. Results showed significant differences in peak displacement in the RF for GRMD vs normal dog, but similar ARFI results in the CS. These results are consistent with known variations in disease progression in RF versus CS muscles in the dog model and suggest that ARFI could be relevant to monitoring therapy in affected individuals.
Synthesis of statistics and CAE for exhaust gas systems

The application of FEM and CAE as a tool to the prediction of the life span has been well established. However, what is if the reality deviates from the ideal model? How does one judge a large amount of components with statistically distributed loads and component qualities? Here Tenneco indicates ways to solve this job also for the complex calculations of the thermo-mechanical load.
Fixation of Regan-Morrey Type II Coronoid Fractures: A Comparison of Screws and Suture Lasso Technique for Resistance to Displacement

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the load to failure and stiffness achieved in coronoid fractures treated with a posterior-to-anterior screw versus a suture lasso technique. Methods We performed a biomechanical study using 10 pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric elbows. A transverse osteotomy at the midpoint of the coronoid height was created to simulate a Regan–Morrey type II coronoid fracture. The specimens were randomized to screw fixation or suture lasso fixation. The load to failure and stiffness were then measured using a materials testing machine. Results Screw fixation provided greater strength and stiffness than suture lasso fixation. Mean load to failure was 405 N in the screw fixation group compared with a load to failure of 207 N for suture fixation. Screw fixation resulted in a mean stiffness of 284 kPa/mm compared with 119 kPa/mm after suture fixation. Conclusions Screw fixation was biomechanically superior to fixation using a suture lasso technique. For coronoid fractures in which screw or suture fixation is feasible, screw fixation may provide greater resistance to displacement of the coronoid compared with a suture lasso technique. Clinical relevance Clinical studies have reported a higher rate of failure after screw fixation compared with suture lasso fixation; however, this study demonstrated a greater stiffness and load to failure after screw fixation of type II coronoid fractures. Screw fixation may provide a stronger fixation construct for fractures of adequate size to support a screw. Further studies may be warranted to assess the importance of securing the anterior capsule to the coronoid tip when using a suture lasso construct because this may affect the stability of the elbow after fixation.
Diagnosis of seasonally varying regression slope coefficients and application to the MJO

Simple linear regression is frequently applied to diagnose relationships between time series in weather and climate. Yet, when similar calculations are applied based on data from different times of the year, the coefficients vary. This paper introduces a new algorithm to estimate seasonally varying regression slope coefficients. The algorithm generates a seasonal time series of the variance of the predictor and of covariance between the predictor and the predictand. It does so by fitting the seasonal cycle and select harmonics thereof to the time series of products between the values of the predictor and the predictand and to the time series of the squares of the values of the predictor. On a given day of the year, the resulting seasonal covariance divided by the seasonal variance constitutes the best fit to the regression slope coefficient on that day. The algorithm is tested on artificial data, compared with a previous algorithm with similar intent, and then applied to the relationship between a Madden Julian Oscillation index and global atmospheric patterns. Statistical significance is assessed through a Monte Carlo technique that randomly selects from the sample of years included in a training set.
An Effective Model of QCD Monopoles

Abstract In this work, we carried out quantum many-body studies of magnetic monopole ensembles through numerical simulations of the path integral for one- and two-component Coulomb Bose systems. We found the relation between the critical temperature for the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition and the Coulomb coupling strength using two methods, the finite-size scaling of the superfluid fraction and statistical analysis of permutation cycles. After finding parameters that match the correlation functions measured in our system with the correlation functions previously measured on the lattice, we arrived at an effective quantum model of color magnetic monopoles in QCD. From this matched model, we were able to extract the monopole contribution to QCD equation of state near T c . This proceeding and the given talk are based on [A. Ramamurti and E. Shuryak, Phys. Rev. D 95, 076019 (2017). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.95.076019 ].
Isolated But Not Oblivious: A Re-evaluation of Emily Dickinson's Relationship to the Civil War

Isolated but Not Oblivious: A Re-evaluation of Emily Dickinson’s Relationship to the Civil War By Peggy Henderson Murphy Emily Dickinson’s physical isolation and her disinterest in publishing have led scholars to conclude that Dickinson had no interest in the outside world. Although Dickinson’s poems do contain war imagery, scholars have argued that these images are used by Dickinson to deal with her own inner struggles and are not directly related to the Civil War. However, Karen Dandurand’s discovery of poems published by Dickinson in a Civil War fund-raising magazine compels us to reconsider Dickinson’s supposed disinterest. It is evident by Dickinson’s letters and her poems that the war energizes and inspires her by providing questions about life, death, and the responsibility of God. The Civil War was not some abstract idea nor was it merely a metaphor to be used to express her inner demons. The Civil War affected Dickinson in a profound way; therefore, she used her poetry to explore the horrific effects of war.
Aging leads to inferior Achilles tendon mechanics and altered ankle function in rodents

Spontaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon is increasingly common in the middle aged population. However, the cause for the particularly high incidence of injury in this age group is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify age-specific differences in the Achilles tendon-muscle complex using an animal model. Functional measures were performed in vivo and tissues were harvested following euthanasia for mechanical, structural, and histological analysis from young, middle aged, and old rats. Numerous alterations in tendon properties were detected across age groups, including inferior material properties (maximum stress, modulus) with increasing age. Differences in function were also observed, as older animals exhibited increased ankle joint passive stiffness and decreased propulsion force during locomotion. Macroscale differences in tendon organization were not observed, although cell density and nuclear shape did vary between age groups. Muscle fiber size and type distribution were not notably affected by age, indicating that other factors may be more responsible for age-specific Achilles tendon rupture rates. This study improves our understanding of the role of aging in Achilles tendon biomechanics and ankle function, and helps provide a potential explanation for the disparate incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures in varying age groups.
Attachment, hope, and participation: Testing an expanded model of Snyder's hope theory for prediction of participation for individuals with spinal cord injury.

Purpose The aim of the study was to test an expanded model of Snyder's hope theory for prediction of participation for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Statistical model testing focused on evaluation of hope theory constructs (i.e., agency thoughts and pathways thoughts) as serial mediators of relationships between attachment and community participation. Design Quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive design using multiple regression and correlational techniques. Participants The sample comprised 108 persons with SCI recruited from spinal cord injury advocacy organizations in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Results Secure attachment, avoidant attachment, anxious attachment, and the hope constructs were significantly related to participation. Significant mediational effects were observed when agency thoughts and pathways thoughts were specified as mediators in series between attachment and community participation for people with SCI (i.e., agency specified as M1 and pathways specified as M2). Conclusion Results provide support for Snyder's theoretical conceptualization and the use of hope-based interventions by rehabilitation practitioners for improving global participation outcomes for people with SCI who experience attachment-related difficulties. (PsycINFO Database Record
The extent of hybridization and its impact on the genetic diversity and population structure of an invasive tree, Ulmus pumila (Ulmaceae).

Ulmus pumila is considered an invasive tree in 41 of the United States. In this study, we examined the extent of hybridization in naturalized populations of U. pumila, its impact on genetic diversity and genetic structure and its potential role in explaining the invasion process of U. pumila. Genetic analyses indicated widespread hybridization with native Ulmus rubra in naturalized U. pumila populations. Hybridization increased the genetic diversity of U. pumila populations and affected their genetic structure. The level of genetic diversity in ‘mature’ accessions, many of which may represent original plantings throughout the USA, was high and similar to the diversity of East Asian accessions. Hybridization with the native red elm may play an important role in the success of Siberian elm as an invader in temperate regions of the USA.
Financing and Sustainability of Food Fortification

Abstract This chapter reviews the various aspects of financing and sustainability of food fortification. The evidence would suggest that food fortification is a cost-effective approach to addressing micronutrient deficiencies and that it is a good public health investment. It is generally used in combination with other approaches such as dietary diversification and micronutrient supplementation, in order to meet the full dietary requirements of a population. National food fortification programs typically transition through the following three stages of financing: “Build/Expand” → “Improve” → “Sustain.” The sources of financing evolve as a program matures, starting initially mainly with financing from development partners, the private sector and governments and evolving to a stage where governments bear the costs of monitoring and enforcement and consumers bear the recurrent costs. Estimates of the resources required to scale-up fortification which are reviewed in this chapter would indicate that it is an affordable intervention. Finally, the chapter outlines how fortification is a sustainable approach from ecological, economic, political, and cultural perspectives.
Early Communication Interventions for Young Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: The Roles of Natural Communication Partners

Abstract Young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities who have complex communication needs need access to effective, evidence-based interventions that support their individual communication needs and optimize their developmental outcomes. Given the critical roles that parents, educators, peers, and siblings play in the lives of children, increasing attention has focused on learning how to equip these natural communication partners to effectively promote the communication development of children with complex communication needs. This review synthesizes empirical research on effective early communication interventions for young children with IDD by focusing on the roles and involvement of different communication partners and on the ways they have been trained and supported for these roles. Key recommendations and directions for future research in this area are discussed.
Integrating Egocentric Videos in Top-View Surveillance Videos: Joint Identification and Temporal Alignment

Videos recorded from first person (egocentric) perspective have little visual appearance in common with those from third person perspective, especially with videos captured by top-view surveillance cameras. In this paper, we aim to relate these two sources of information from a surveillance standpoint, namely in terms of identification and temporal alignment. Given an egocentric video and a top-view video, our goals are to: (a) identify the egocentric camera holder in the top-view video (self-identification), (b) identify the humans visible in the content of the egocentric video, within the content of the top-view video (re-identification), and (c) temporally align the two videos. The main challenge is that each of these tasks is highly dependent on the other two. We propose a unified framework to jointly solve all three problems. We evaluate the efficacy of the proposed approach on a publicly available dataset containing a variety of videos recorded in different scenarios.
Attributions of Conflict: Impact on the Relation between Parental Physical Maltreatment and Emotion Regulation Difficulties

Studies have revealed that childhood physical maltreatment is a risk factor for emotion regulation difficulties; however, less is known about the underlying processes that may mediate or moderate t...
Prolonging Independence Versus Effects of Institutionalization

This chapter explores the most common dilemmas faced by older adults and their families as they make decisions around the best living situations for an older adult. Prolonging independence is often challenging in the setting of increasing physical and cognitive frailty of an older adult. What kinds of options are available, what resources are available to help, and how do older adults and their families navigate these difficult decisions? This chapter also covers possible effects, both good and bad, of institutionalization on older adults who live in institutional settings and their families.
Simvastatin provides long-term improvement of left ventricular function and prevents cardiac fibrosis in muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by absence of the protein dystrophin, is a common, degenerative muscle disease affecting 1:5000 males worldwide. With recent advances in respiratory care, cardiac dysfunction now accounts for 50% of mortality in DMD. Recently, we demonstrated that simvastatin substantially improved skeletal muscle health and function in mdx (DMD) mice. Given the known cardiovascular benefits ascribed to statins, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of simvastatin on cardiac function in mdx mice. Remarkably, in 12-month old mdx mice, simvastatin reversed diastolic dysfunction to normal after short-term treatment (8 weeks), as measured by echocardiography in animals anesthetized with isoflurane and administered dobutamine to maintain a physiological heart rate. This improvement in diastolic function was accompanied by increased phospholamban phosphorylation in simvastatin-treated mice. Echocardiography measurements during long-term treatment, from 6 months up to 18 months of age, showed that simvastatin significantly improved in vivo cardiac function compared to untreated mdx mice, and prevented fibrosis in these very old animals. Cardiac dysfunction in DMD is also characterized by decreased heart rate variability (HRV), which indicates autonomic function dysregulation. Therefore, we measured cardiac ECG and demonstrated that short-term simvastatin treatment significantly increased heart rate variability (HRV) in 14-month-old conscious mdx mice, which was reversed by atropine. This finding suggests that enhanced parasympathetic function is likely responsible for the improved HRV mediated by simvastatin. Together, these findings indicate that simvastatin markedly improves cardiac health and function in dystrophic mice, and therefore may provide a novel approach for treating cardiomyopathy in DMD.
Frequency Effects on Flawed-Composite Fatigue Reliability

Variations in the degradation and subsequent fatigue reliability of laminated composite plate specimens with a center hole due to changes in cycle frequency have been identified and investigated. Boron-epoxy and boron-aluminum specimens were examined, principally for stiffness and strength variations. Various combinations of stiffness and strength changes were observed as a function of cycle frequency and specimen material, including a mode wherein stiffness decreased significantly while residual strength increased. A kinetic damage model was developed and combined with a Weibull extreme value expression to attempt to represent the stochastic aspects of the fatigue process. The model shows some promise, especially from the standpoint of representing widely varying fatigue behavior, including the unusual situation of stiffness drop with strength increase. Frequency dependence is included in the model.
All-Optical Quantum Sensing of Rotational Brownian Motion of Magnetic Molecules.

Sensing the local environment through the motional response of small molecules lays the foundation of many fundamental technologies. The information on local viscosity, for example, is contained in...
The ‘berth’ of a maritime management program: A case study on value creation through industry–university collaboration:

In the fall of 2013, the College of Business at Nicholls State University, in collaboration with industry, launched a 4-year Bachelor’s program in management specifically designed to train graduate...