cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a stroke code system in Mobile, Alabama : Diagnostic and therapeutic yield

Background and Purpose There is now therapy of proven benefit for acute ischemic stroke. Successful interventional therapy for stroke patients requires implementation of a system that facilitates rapid triage and diagnostic evaluation. Methods We initiated a 24-hour, 7-day-per-week stroke code system at the University of South Alabama Hospitals and prospectively collected data from the first 100 patients whose clinical presentations triggered this system. Results Seventy-eight patients (78%) had acute ischemic stroke. Of the remaining 22, 9 had evidence of intracerebral hemorrhage. The most common nonstroke diagnosis was seizure (n=5). Forty-eight of the 87 stroke patients (55%) presented within 6 hours of stroke onset (40/78=51% of the ischemic stroke patients), and 35 of the 87 (40%) presented within 3 hours of onset (28/78=36% of the ischemic stroke patients). Thirty-one (31% of the group overall; 40% of the ischemic stroke patients) were eligible for acute therapy. Twenty-five of these eligible patien...
An STM study of the oxidation of Mg(0001)

Abstract We have studied the oxidation of Mg(0 0 0 1) using electron stimulated desorption ion angular distributions, low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Two structures associated with the oxidation were observed by STM and are identified as a suboxide, consisting of incorporated oxygen, and ionic MgO. We observed that both the clean step edges and oxygen adsorbed on the terraces were highly mobile and interact with the STM tip at room temperature. Ionic oxide is observed to form first at defect sites along step edges and grows as an elongated pillar. These ionic oxide nucleation sites appear to be point defects that pin two terraces forming a double step. A form of suboxide characterized by broad bumps 1.2 A across and 3.6 A in height were observed on the terraces. The bumps increase in number and the pillars grow in area and height with increased oxygen exposure. At 12 L (Langmuir=1×10−6 Torr s), the bumps coalesce to completely cover the surface. LEED shows a diffuse 1×1 pattern indicating that this coalesced phase is in registry with the Mg substrate. At 14 L, protrusions begin to form on the terraces and an upward inflection point is observed in the ESD ion yield, indicating that the oxide is now on the surface. At higher oxygen exposures, these protrusions continue to grow in size leading to an increased coverage of the ionic oxide.
Localization of Floquet states along a continuous line of periodic orbits

A periodically driven particle in an infinite square well is shown to exhibit quantum localization due to a continuous line of periodic orbits in the classical system. Individual Floquet eigenstates localized along this line of periodic orbits are identified. The enhanced localization persists for field strengths beyond that at which the continuous line of orbits is destroyed in the classical dynamics. These results may be relevant to experiments involving trapping potentials with flat regions.
The Distribution of Survival Times after Injury

The distribution of survival times after injury has been described as “trimodal,” but several studies have not confirmed this. The purpose of this study was to clarify the distribution of survival times after injury. We defined survival time (ts) as the interval between injury time and declared death time. We constructed histograms for ts ≤ 150 min from the 2004–2007 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS, for traffic crashes) and National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS, for homicides). We estimated statistical models in which death times known only within intervals were treated as interval-censored. For confirmation, we also obtained EMS response times (tr), prehospital times (tp), and hospital times (th) for decedents in the 2008 National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) with ts = tp + th ≤ 150. We approximated times until circulatory arrest (tx) as tr for patients pulseless at the injury scene, tp for other patients pulseless at hospital admission, and ts for the rest; for any declared ts, we calculated mean tx/ts. We used this ratio to estimate tx for hospital deaths in FARS or NVDRS and provide independent support for using interval-censored methods. FARS and NVDRS deaths were most frequent in the first few minutes. Both showed a second peak at 35–40 min after injury, corresponding to peaks in hospital deaths. Third peaks were not present. Estimated tx in FARS and NVDRS did not show second peaks and were similar to estimates treating some death times as interval-censored. Increases in frequency of survival times at 35–40 min are primarily artifacts created because declaration of death in hospitals is delayed until completing resuscitative attempts. By avoiding these artifacts, interval censoring methods are useful for analysis of injury survival times.
Optimized LLDPE/LDPE film properties through correlation of blend analyses

Film manufacturers are concerned with finding the optimum blend of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) which will meet customer requirements for clarity and toughness while minimizing the overall costs and the problems associated with the manufacture of polyethylene (PE) film blends. The production of PE film blends has increased over the past few years despite the increased processing cost found with LLDPE Test results show that properties of films made from these blends are related to the percentage of each resin m the blend. This correlation allows the manufacturer to meet the customers specific property needs and still be cost effective in producing the film
Effects of thiamine antagonists on nerve conduction. II. Voltage clamp experiments with antimetabolites

Thiamine antimetabolites were externally applied to voltage clamped squid giant axons to investigate the possible role of thiamine in nerve conduction. Phenylthiazinothiamine, in concentrations as low as 250 muM, reduced peak early current and steady-state current, with the depression of the former being two to five times greater than that of the latter. Peak transient and steady-state conductances were about equally depressed by thiamine tert-butyl disulfide (2 mM) and L-586944-00P07 (5-10 mM). None of the antimetabolites produced an appreciable change in the kinetics of Na+ activation, K+ activation, or Na+ inactivation. Thiamine itself, applied externally up to 30 mM, had no appreciable effect on either the magnitude or time course of the ionic currents. Although these data are consistent with the hypothesis that thiamine may be involved in nerve conduction, they probably reflect a nonspecific stabilizing interaction of this class of compound with the axon membrane. Taken in this light, the hypothesis that thiamine plays a direct role in Na+ channel permeability changes must be reevaluated.
Re: Pharmacogenomic Variation of CYP2D6 and the Choice of Optimal Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: A Modeling Analysis

Background Adjuvant endocrine treatment with aromatase inhibitors improves disease-free survival compared with tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. This difference could be due to differences in tamoxifen metabolism because levels of endoxifen, the active tamoxifen metabolite, vary with the number of mutant alleles, including the *4 allele, of the gene encoding cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6).
Risk factors for bullying among children with autism spectrum disorders

Although children with disabilities have been found to be at an increased risk of bullying, there are limited studies investigating predictors of bullying involvement in children with autism spectrum disorders. The current study presents findings from 1221 parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder who were selected from a national web-based registry. Parents completed a survey dedicated to the school and bullying experiences of their child, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify child and school risk factors for involvement as victim, bully, or bully-victim. Additional analyses examined the risk of bullying involvement based on the amount of time spent in general education classrooms. Children diagnosed with Asperger's disorder, attending a public school or a school with a general education population, were at the greatest risk of being victimized in the past month. Children with comorbid conditions and a high level of autistic traits were the most likely to be victims, bullies, and bully-victims. Finally, children in full inclusion classrooms were more likely to be victimized than those who spend the majority of their time in special education settings. Future research studies should be invested in finding appropriate supports for children with autism spectrum disorder placed in inclusive settings.
Remembering a Leader in General Music

We sadly share that Sally Alicia Monsour passed away on April 26, 2013. A celebrated music educator, she enhanced the field of music education through her publications, encouragement, and scholarly training as a teacher and professor, and service throughout the community. Teaching at schools and universities in Florida, Michigan, Colorado, Georgia, Canada, Hawaii, and Australia, Dr. Monsour published various books and articles, served on editorial boards of several journals, served the College Music Society as vice-president from 1971 through 1979, and regularly presented at conferences. She retired from the faculty of Georgia State University in 1995 and remained active in the community, receiving recognition for her work as a volunteer. Donations may be made to the Sally A. Monsour Graduate Fellowship through the School of Music at Georgia State University. 499346 GMTXXX10.1177/1048371313499346General Music TodayCooper research-article2013
Bacteriophage T4 rnh (RNase H) null mutations: effects on spontaneous mutation and epistatic interaction with rII mutations.

The bacteriophage T4 rnh gene encodes T4 RNase H, a relative of a family of flap endonucleases. T4 rnh null mutations reduce burst sizes, increase sensitivity to DNA damage, and increase the frequency of acriflavin resistance (Acr) mutations. Because mutations in the related Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD27 gene display a remarkable duplication mutator phenotype, we further explored the impact of rnh mutations upon the mutation process. We observed that most Acrmutants in an rnh+ strain containac mutations, whereas only roughly half of the Acr mutants detected in an rnhΔ strain bearac mutations. In contrast to the mutational specificity displayed by most mutators, the DNA alterations of acmutations arising in rnhΔ andrnh+ backgrounds are indistinguishable. Thus, the increase in Acr mutants in an rnhΔ background is probably not due to a mutator effect. This conclusion is supported by the lack of increase in the frequency of rImutations in an rnhΔ background. In a screen that detects mutations at both the rI locus and the much largerrII locus, the r frequency was severalfold lower in anrnhΔ background. This decrease was due to the phenotype of rnh rII double mutants, which display an r+plaque morphology but retain the characteristic inability ofrII mutants to grow on λ lysogens. Finally, we summarize those aspects of T4 forward-mutation systems which are relevant to optimal choices for investigating quantitative and qualitative aspects of the mutation process.
Multicenter review of preoperative risk factors for carotid endarterectomy in patients with ipsilateral symptoms.

Randomized clinical trials have shown that carotid endarterectomy decreases the risk of subsequent stroke in patients with high-grade carotid stenosis and ipsilateral transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. The benefit of surgery is highly dependent on surgical risk. We previously found that patients with ipsilateral hemispheric symptoms were at greater risk of carotid endarterectomy complications compared with those who were asymptomatic or had nonipsilateral symptoms. The goals of the present study were (1) to identify preoperative clinical factors that may increase the risk of complications after carotid endarterectomy in patients with ipsilateral hemispheric symptoms and (2) to develop a risk index based on this patient-level data.Records from 1160 carotid endarterectomies performed at 12 academic medical centers composed the primary data set. Hospital charts for the admission during which carotid endarterectomy was performed were systematically reviewed by abstractors using a defined protocol. The...
Imputation of missing sensor data values using in-exact replicas

Sensor network systems attempt to exploit redundancy which is assumed to be inherent in a pervasive sensor network due to the density of the sensor nodes. However, there is a lack of sensor data stream correlation between seemingly redundant sensors. The approach presented the uses and prediction techniques that have been used to anticipate a sensor value using its own history, to allow one sensor to be able to anticipate the data from another different sensor, given a historical stream of data from the sensor to be anticipated. The specific mechanisms explored are artificial neural networks, pattern recognition and multivariate polynomial regression.
On Secondary Gas Injection in Supersonic Nozzles

A second rendezvous scheme planned for use in Gemini missions is the semioptical technique. This method requires the flight crew to maneuver the spacecraft based on range and range rate information from the radar and visual observations of target motion with respect to star patterns. Until recently, the semioptical method was one of maneuvering laterally to drive the apparent target motion to zero relative to the star background and, at the same time, maintaining a closing range rate. Although this scheme will still be used at small ranges (3 naut miles to a few hundred feet), recent simulations have shown hat guidance to a nominal transfer trajectory is considerably more efficient when guidance must be initiated at large ranges. In the case of the first GeminiAgena rendezvous mission, the distance of closest approach is about 15 naut miles if no rendezvous maneuvers are made; from this trajectory, semioptical rendezvous by nulling the line-of-sight angular rate is very costly. Guidance to a nominal transfer trajectory is achieved by monitoring range rate as a function of range and adjusting the rate when it deviates markedly from the nominal value at that range. Fuel values for this scheme approach the low expenditure required for the closed-loop method. The final few hundred feet of the rendezvous mission and the actual docking maneuvers are strictly manually controlled. The pilots, based on viewing the target through the Gemini window, control both the attitude and maneuvering systems of the spacecraft to accomplish docking with the target. This phase of the mission, involving a controlled joining of multiton spacecraft, has introduced several design features to Gemini. The maneuvering control system provides six-directional thrust so that attitude changes are not required for performing speed or directional changes. Hence, the pilots are never required to lose sight of the target. The thrust levels for maneuvering are set at an intermediate value between the desired high thrust for orbit changes and the desired low thrust for docking. These design requirements were confirmed, again using simulation to introduce the human aspects of the system. Conversely, other proposed design features were eliminated when simulation showed the docking task could be accomplished without added complication. It is interesting to note that, although simulations of increasing sophistication were developed during the program, the demonstrated performance remained fairly constant. Apparently, the added cues, provided with more realistic simulations, compensate for the additional disturbing factors and/or system limitations. From the very first simulations, where meter presentations of range were used, until the "ultimate"
ACIDOPHIL REGRANULATION AND INCREASED GROWTH HORMONE CONCENTRATION IN THE PITUITARY OF THYROIDECTOMIZED RATS AFTER CORTISOL ADMINISTRATION.

Female rats of the Long-Evans strain were thyroidectomized at 28 days of age by a combination of surgery and 131I. Fortynine days later, when growth stasis was complete, they were injected with 1 mg of cortisol acetate daily for 14 days. The rats were then killed for evidence of acidophil regranulation and the presence of growth hormone, as determined by the tibia test, in their anterior pituitaries. The acidophils increased from 0 to 60% of normal after cortisol administration. Although appearing cytologically active, they did not contain the normal content of specific granules. The growth hormone concentration in these pituitaries was estimated to be more than 8 times that in the thyroidectomized controls but 8 times less than in the normal. It was concluded that the presence of acidophil granulation is still a reliable sign for growth hormone in the pituitary and not necessarily dependent on the presence of thyroxine or related compounds. (Endocrinology 74: 784, 1964)
Inertia-Free Spacecraft Attitude Control Using Reaction Wheels

This paper extends the continuous inertia-free control law for spacecraft attitude tracking derived in prior work to the case of three axisymmetric reaction wheels. The wheels are assumed to be mounted in a known and linearly independent, but not necessarily orthogonal, configuration with an arbitrary and unknown orientation relative to the unknown spacecraft principal axes. Simulation results for slew and spin maneuvers are presented with torque and momentum saturation.
A Modification of the Pulmonary Autograft Procedure to Prevent Late Autograft Dilatation

Although the pulmonary autograft procedure for aortic valve replacement is a commonly utilized option for children, its use is diminishing in adult-aged patients. One commonly cited concern is the tendency for the pulmonary autograft to dilate in the aortic position. This article reviews a technique we have used in 36 patients since October, 2004 that stabilizes the autograft so that it cannot dilate. There have been no operative or late deaths and the autograft has continued to function in 34 patients. Two patients have undergone autograft replacement because of early failure, which we believe was likely related to technical considerations in our early technique (first reported in the 2005 STCVS Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual). The technical modifications described in this article have produced a more reliable and reproducible technique and have not resulted in any autograft failures in our experience. One patient with Marfan’s syndrome and a bicuspid aortic valve is symptom- and dilation-free 8 years post op, with no autograft or pulmonary homograft insufficiency, normal activity and a stable aortic root by serial echocardiography. Our results suggest that this technique might be applicable for selected adult patients in whom autograft growth is not necessary and for whom the risk of autograft dilatation would provide a reason to avoid a pulmonary autograft procedure.
Adoption of Evidence-Based Clinical Innovations: The Case of Buprenorphine Use by Opioid Treatment Programs

This article examines changes from 2005 to 2011 in the use of an evidence-based clinical innovation, buprenorphine use, among a nationally representative sample of opioid treatment programs and identifies characteristics associated with its adoption. We apply a model of the adoption of clinical innovations that focuses on the work needs and characteristics of staff; organizations' technical and social support for the innovation; local market dynamics and competition; and state policies governing the innovation. Results indicate that buprenorphine use increased 24% for detoxification and 47% for maintenance therapy between 2005 and 2011. Buprenorphine use was positively related to reliance on private insurance and availability of state subsidies to cover its cost and inversely related to the percentage of clients who injected opiates, county size, and local availability of methadone. The results indicate that financial incentives and market factors play important roles in opioid treatment programs' decisions to adopt evidence-based clinical innovations such as buprenorphine use.
Supporting Generative Thinking About the Integer Number Line in Elementary Mathematics

This report provides evidence of the influence of a tutorial “communication game” on fifth graders’ generative understanding of the integer number line. Students matched for classroom and pretest score were randomly assigned to a tutorial (n = 19) and control group (n = 19). The tutorial group students played a 13-problem game in which student and tutor each were required to mark the same position on a number line but could not see one another's activities. To resolve discrepant solutions, tutor and student constructed agreements about number line principles and conventions to guide subsequent placements. Pre-/posttest contrasts showed that (a) tutorial students gained more than controls and (b) agreement use predicted gain. Analyses of micro-constructions during play revealed properties of student learning trajectories.
Simultaneous ESR measurements of the kinetics of oxygen consumption and spin label reduction by mammalian cells

Nitroxide spin labels and probes were applied to measurements of cell redox activities and oxygen concentration by ESR. Current experimental methods often require large numbers of cells and monitoring of only the amplitude of the ESR signal. This can result in experimental artifacts and data misinterpretation. An improved method is described for accurate measurement of nitroxide intensity and linewidth, which in turn provides information about cell redox activities and oxygen concentration. The method is based on fitting of ESR spectra using a fast convolution least-squares algorithm suitable for inhomogeneously broadened ESR lines. All fitting parameters, including the Lorentzian component of the linewidth and the double integrated intensity, are extracted from the experimental spectra directly. The experiments were carried out at cell concentrations of 5 × 106 cell ml−1 or less to prevent cell crowding and at initial nitroxide concentration of 1 mM or 100 μM to ensure that nitroxide metabolism by the cells was not diffusion limited. Examples include experiments with cultured baby hamster kidney and adenovirus transformed hamster cells using the nitroxide radicals TEMPOL (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl-4-ol) and 15N-labeled perdeuteriated TEMPONE (15NPDT) (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl-4-one). Under these experimental conditions, the rates of nitroxide metabolism derived from changes in nitroxide intensity are independent of oxygen concentration.
Computing Two-settlement Equilibrium in a Transmission-Constrained Oligopolistic Electricity Market

The two settlement equilibrium model described in this panel aims at providing a simulation tool that can capture the interaction between the forward and spot electricity markets in a realistic selling. This model can be used to explore the classic economic question posed by Allaz in a more realistic selling and analyze horizontal market power issues under varying assumptions regarding ownership structure and network effects. This model can also be used in evaluating the impact of transmission upgrades, for instance, while taking into consideration forward contracting and market power effects
Bacterial chromosome extraction and isolation

We have used diffusive mixing and dielectrophoretic trapping to lyse Escherichia coli cells in a microfabricated environment and trap the E. coli chromosome. We characterize the conditions needed for efficient lysis of the cells, and conditions needed for the dielectrophoretic trapping of the chromatin without the trapping of cytoplasmic proteins.
Truthful online spectrum allocation and auction in multi-channel wireless networks

We propose efficient spectrum channel allocation and auction methods for the online wireless channel scheduling. Assume that each user requests for the exclusive usage of a number of wireless channels for a certain time interval. The scheduler has to decide whether to grant its exclusive usage an how much will be charged. To possibly serve users with higher priority, preemptions are allowed with penalties. We analytically prove that our protocols are efficient, truthful, and they have asymptotically optimum competitive ratios. Our extensive simulations show that they perform almost optimum: most of our methods can achieve more than 50% of the optimum by offline method.
Disc Golf: Teaching a Lifetime Activity

Disc golf is a lifetime activity that can be enjoyed by students of varying skill levels and abilities. Disc golf follows the principles of ball golf but is generally easier for students to play and enjoy success. The object of disc golf is similar to ball golf and involves throwing a disc from the teeing area to the target in as few throws as possible. This article describes the equipment, course, basic rules, etiquette and skills of disc golf. The purpose of the article is to provide physical education teachers with the knowledge necessary to be able to teach a disc golf unit to their students. Practical modifications are also suggested, making it easy for physical educators to incorporate disc golf into their curriculum.
Effect of PKG activation on recombinant GABAA receptors

Abstract The effect of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) on recombinant human α 1 β 2 γ 21 . GABA A receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes was studied using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. The cGMP analog 8BrcGMP (1 mM) produced an increase in GABA-gated chloride currents. Intracellular injection of the PKG inhibitor peptide. PKGI, prevented the 8BrcGMP-mediated increase in the GABA response indicating that 8BrcGMP enhances GABA A receptor function via activation of PKG. Previous studies have shown that PKG phosphorylates a fusion protein corresponding to the intracellular loop of the β1 subunit [McDonald and Moss, J. Biol. Chem. , 269 (1994) 18111–18117]. In the present study, site-directed mutagenesis of this phosphorylation site (β2ser410) failed to eliminate the effects of 8BrcGMP on the GABA response. These results suggest that there may be other sites on the receptor which are regulated by PKG or that PKG phosphorylates other proteins which may influence GABA A receptor function.
Haplotype Structure and Divergence at Human and Chimpanzee Serotonin Transporter and Receptor Genes: Implications for Behavioral Disorder Association Analyses

Genetic variation in the human serotonin system has long-been studied because of its functional consequences and links to various behavior-related disorders and it being routinely targeted in research and development for drug therapy. However, aside from clinical studies, little is known about this genetic diversity and how it differs within and between human populations with respect to haplotype structure, which can greatly impact phenotype association studies. In addition, no evolutionary approach among humans and other primates has examined how long- and short-term selective pressures explain existing serotonin variation. Here, we examine DNA sequence variation in natural population samples of 192 human and 40 chimpanzee chromosome sequences for the most commonly implicated approximately 38-kb serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and approximately 63-kb serotonin 2A receptor (HTR2A) genes. Our comparative population genetic analyses find significant linkage disequilibrium associated with functionally relevant variants in humans, as well as geographic variation for these haplotypes, at both loci. In addition, although amino acid divergence is consistent with purifying selection, promoter and untranslated regions exhibit significantly high divergence in both species lineages. These evolutionary analyses imply that the serotonin system may have accumulated significant regulatory variation over both recent and ancient periods of time in both humans and chimpanzees. We discuss the implications of this variation for disease association studies and for the evolution of behavior-related phenotypes during the divergence of humans and our closest primate relatives.
A Ludicrous Discipline? Ethnography and Game Studies

The information age has, under our noses, become the gaming age. It appears likely that gaming and its associated notion of play may become a master metaphor for a range of human social relations, with the potential for new freedoms and new creativity as well as new oppressions and inequality. Although no methodological or theoretical approach can represent a cure-all for any discipline, in this article the author discusses how anthropological approaches can contribute significantly to a game studies nimble enough to respond to the unanticipated, conjunctural, and above all rapidly changing cyberworlds through which everyone in some way is now in the process of redefining the human project.
A GAUSS program for computing the Foulkes-Davis tracking index for polynomial growth curves

We have previously published a GAUSS program for computing the Foulkes-Davis tracking index, gamma, from a one-sample longitudinal data set when no assumptions were made concerning the structure of the individual growth curves (Schneiderman et al., Am J Hum Biol, 4 (1992) 417-420). In this paper we consider the computation of the Foulkes-Davis index assuming that each individual growth curve may be adequately represented by a polynomial function in time and a GAUSS program performing these computations is made available. As with the two other tracking indices we have described, gamma and kappa (Schneiderman et al., Am J Hum Biol, 2 (1990) 475-490), this one can be used to evaluate regularity in patterns of growth or adaptation. An example is presented where statural growth in the same three groups considered in the earlier papers are analyzed. The small disparities between these and the earlier results are discussed in view of the different assumptions of the models and the differences in how they operationalize the concept of tracking.
Data for mitochondrial proteomic alterations in the aging mouse brain

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles critical for many cellular processes, including energy generation. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction likely plays a role in the observed alterations in brain glucose metabolism during aging. Despite implications of mitochondrial alterations during brain aging, comprehensive quantitative proteomic studies remain limited. Therefore, to characterize the global age-associated mitochondrial proteomic changes in the brain, we analyzed mitochondria isolated from the brain of 5-, 12-, and 24-month old mice using quantitative mass spectrometry. We identified changes in the expression of proteins important for biological processes involved in the generation of precursor metabolites and energy through the breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. These results are significant because we identified age-associated proteomic changes suggestive of altered mitochondrial catabolic reactions during brain aging. The proteomic data described here can be found in the PRIDE Archive using the reference number PXD001370. A more comprehensive analysis of this data may be obtained from the article “Proteomic analysis and functional characterization of mouse brain mitochondria during aging reveal alterations in energy metabolism” in PROTEOMICS.
Autoradiographic studies 18F-FDNNP and 18F-FBM in transgenic mouse models

390 Objectives: Imaging agents that target β-amyloid (Aβ) senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are being developed for use in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We report evaluation of two agents, 18F-FDDNP (Agdeppa et al., 2001) and 18F-FBM (Wang et al., 2006) in two transgenic mouse models of AD that develop Aβ plaques (Tg2576) or both Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (3xTg, triple-transgenic). Findings will assist microPET studies. Methods: Tosylate precursors were labeled using 18F-fluoride to obtain 18F-FDDNP and 18F-FBM. Tg2576 (15 mo old) and 3xTg (15 and 18 mo old) mice were used and whole brain sagittal sections (10μm thick) obtained from the two transgenic models and wild-type (WT) mice of ~same age. Sections were incubated with 18F-FDDNP (3-6 μCi/cc) or 18F-FBM (3-6 μCi/cc) in 0.9% saline, pH 7.4 at 37 oC for 1 hr. Brain slices were cotreated with 10μM FDDNP and 10μM thioflavin T. Slices were washed with cold water, 70%-90%-70% alcohol, water for 2,1,1,1,1 min. Binding of 18F-FDDNP and 18F-FBM in various brain regions were quantitated using Optiquant Image program. Adjacent mice brain sections were immunostained with an anti-Aβ antibody and thioflavin to confirm presence of Aβ plaques. Results: Anti-Aβ antibody staining confirmed presence of β-amyloid plaques. Slices radiolabeled with 18F-FDDNP or 18F-FBM matched immunostained regions. Binding was reduced in the presence of 10μM FDDNP and no thioflavin. Overall 18F-FDDNP binding in 3xTg was >5 fold higher compared to 2576 because of binding to Aβ plaques and tangles in the former and only to Aβ plaques in the latter. Cerebellum (CB) is not a good reference for 18F-FDDNP in both models. Ratios of binding (using striatum (ST) as reference) were in the range of 1.4-1.6 (for hippocampus (HP), thalamus (TH) and cortex (CTX) for 3xTg and ~1.2-1.8 (HP and TH) for Tg2576, while the CTX in Tg2576 was ~1. 18F-FBM in 3xTg mice showed greater contrast compared to 18F-FDDNP. Ratios using either ST or CB were >3 for HP and >1.5 for TH. Aβ plaques within CTX regions were more easily discernible with 18F-FBM. Conclusions: 18F-FBM being less lipophilic is able to provide higher ratios than 18F-FDDNP in the mouse models. MicroPET studies with 18F-FBM may be able to use CB as a reference region. The high lipophilicity of 18F-FDDNP results in low ratios.
Raman Spectroscopic Studies of the Vulcanization of Rubbers. II. Raman Spectroscopic Studies as a Function of Cure Time

Abstract It has been demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy can be used to follow changes that occur in the network of vulcanizates as a function of cure time. In the system studied we have found that dialkenyl sulfides, cyclic sulfides and conjugated triene structures parallel the cure. In other words, the Raman lines due to these structures display an asymptotic trend as a function of cure time with the plateau occurring in the region of the optimum cure time. On the other hand those Raman lines assigned to the trans isomer and conjugated dienes do not exhibit the same asymptotic dependence as a function of cure time but show an increase in intensity as the cure time is prolonged up to at least 2 hours at 150° C. This would appear to indicate that these Raman lines are not solely associated with the vulcanization process but that thermal and allied processes may contribute. The Raman line occurring at 440 cm−1 does not show any definitive trend and is unlikely to be associated directly with the network. I...
Polarization Effects in the Photoluminescence of AlGaN and AlInGaN Based Quantum Well Structures

We have analyzed photoluminescence (PL) dynamics of GaN/AlGaN and AlInGaN/AlInGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with different well and barrier widths. The quantum structures were grown by conventional metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and novel pulsed atomic layer epitaxy. In both types of MQWs a blueshift followed by a redshift of the PL peak position were observed with increasing excitation power, which we attributed to the screening of built-in electric fields and band gap renormalization, respectively. In bulk AlInGaN material or in MQWs with thin well widths the blueshift was not observed. This means that the incorporation of In into AlInGaN material in the amount required to fabricate smooth layers with strong emission at 330-350 nm does not create significant concentration of band-tail states. We have also evaluated the internal field in the MQW structures by comparing the experimental PL data to the simulations based on triangular quantum well model resulting from the polarization fields.
Energetics of Adsorbed CH2 and CH on Pt(111) by Calorimetry: The Dissociative Adsorption of Diiodomethane

The enthalpies of molecular and dissociative adsorption of CH2I2 on Pt(111) at 100–210 K were studied using single-crystal adsorption calorimetry and density functional theory (DFT). Gaseous CH2I2 was found to adsorb on the Pt(111) surface at 100 K to form CH2,ad + 2Iad, with a calorimetric heat of adsorption that decreases with coverage as 222–480θ kJ/mol for θ < 1/8, where θ is the coverage in monolayers (ML), defined as the number of dissociatively adsorbed CH2I2 molecules per Pt(111) surface atom. These coadsorbed iodine atoms greatly destabilize the methylene species even at the lowest coverage, which we attribute to their inability to diffuse away from the near-neighbor sites where they are initially produced on the short time scale of the heat measurement. A mixture of dissociative adsorption fragments of methylene and methylidyne were detected at elevated temperatures between 125 and 190 K. At 210 K, CH2I2 adsorption produced CHad, Had, and 2Iad, with the Iad now able to diffuse away to minimize r...
WAVE TRANSMISSION THROUGH A DOUBLE-ROW PILE BREAKWATER

Several previous investigators have conducted experiments leading to expressions for predicting the transformation of waves passing through closely-spaced pile or large cylinder breakwaters. The present study extends the earlier experiments which used a single row of piles instead of a double row of piles forming a breakwater. The experiments using the double-pile breakwater were performed in the same facility as the experiments conducted on a single-pile breakwater and employed the same method of analysis for a more meaningful comparison. The experiments consisted of allowing waves to pass through a pile array and measuring the incident and transmitted wave heights. The variables were: depth, period, diameter, monochromatic and random waves. The experimental matrix was three water depths, four wave periods, two pile diameters, two gap dimensions between piles and four random wave spectra: Darbyshire, I.T.T.C., Pierson- Moskowitz and JONSWAP, two pile diameters and two gap dimensions between piles. The two-row breakwater had less wave transmission than the single-row breakwater, as expected. For a gap to a pile diameter ratio, or b/D = 0.2 (where b = gap spacing, D — pile diameter), the wave transmission was reduced by 15 percent, as compared with a single-row breakwater; for a gap ratio of b/D - 0.1, the wave transmission was reduced by 5 to 10 percent.
Risk Prevention of the Application of E-commerce in SMEs

With the rapid development of e-commerce in China,it is accepted by more and more small and medium enterprises.It provides SMEs with a great opportunity and platform.SMEs not only seize the development opportunities that e-commerce brings,but should be more aware of the risks inherently.This paper analyzes the risks of applying e-commerce in SMEs and puts forward the countermeasures on how to guard against its risks.
Intracardiac echocardiography to guide percutaneous closure of atrial baffle defects.

Background Patients with complex congenital heart disease may require surgical construction of interatrial baffles to shunt blood between atria. Long-term complications of these procedures may include stenosis or leak of the baffle, typically along the suture line. There are limited data on transcatheter management and intraprocedural imaging of these anatomically complex lesions. Methods We describe three cases of adults who each presented with baffle leaks more than 20 years after surgical construction of an atrial baffle. In each case, intracardiac echocardiography was essential for intraprocedural guidance, sizing of the defect, and successful percutaneous deployment of an Amplatzer septal occluder device to close the baffle leak. Results and conclusions One patient had a baffle leak along the inferior surface of the baffle suture line; the second patient had a baffle leak along the superior border with the left atrium; the third patient had a leak along the sutures of surgical shunt for an anomalous pulmonary vein. Percutaneous closure was successful in all cases, with deployment of an Amplatzer occluder device in each case. Intracardiac echocardiography may be may be useful for procedural guidance during percutaneous closure of atrial baffle defects.
Location as interaction: exploring blended spaces in the global village

We present a novel means of experiencing an unfamiliar tourist destination using location-based interaction design with mobile devices. Tracking a visitor's location allows us to automatically present the visitor with relevant information as soon as they arrive at a point-of-interest. By synchronizing the delivery of digital content with the visitor's physical location, the visitor is able to move through and explore the physical and digital spaces simultaneously, using a location-based interface to experience a blended space. We theorize that this location-based content delivery method will instill a sense of freedom and immersion as the visitor explores the blended space in a natural and serendipitous way. To test our theory and validate our design strategy, we have developed a prototype application called Global Village Explorations.
Experimental Investigation of Flow Distortion in an Auxiliary-Power-Unit-Style Inlet System

The flowfield inside a rectangular-sectioned 90 deg bend was studied using laser Doppler velocimetry. The bend used in the present study was part of an auxiliary power unit for helicopter engines. The results showed strong tangential velocity gradients near the inlet of the 90 deg bend and reverse flow at the inlet corner near the top wall and the outer wall. Rapid mixing was observed as the flow traveled through the bend. Additionally, measurements were acquired at constant-theta planes with a high spatial resolution to better resolve the secondary flow structures. The geometric asymmetry in the circular-to-rectangular transition duct was measured, and the effect of this asymmetry on the downstream flowfield was characterized. Results showed that the asymmetry of the transition duct led to asymmetric flow through the bend. This was one of the few studies that showed how a small change in the upstream geometry yielded very different flow patterns, which were eventually mixed out by the exit of the bend, a...
Introduction to the Special Issue on Health Behavior Theory

The major causes of death and disability in the United States and worldwide are chronic diseases. Heart disease and cancer are the 2 leading causes of death in the United States followed by chronic...
Choose Your Own Adventure: The Role of Histone Modifications in Yeast Cell Fate

When yeast cells are challenged by a fluctuating environment, signaling networks activate differentiation programs that promote their individual or collective survival. These programs include the initiation of meiotic sporulation, the formation of filamentous growth structures, and the activation of programmed cell death pathways. The establishment and maintenance of these distinct cell fates are driven by massive gene expression programs that promote the necessary changes in morphology and physiology. While these genomic reprogramming events depend on a specialized network of transcription factors, a diverse set of chromatin regulators, including histone-modifying enzymes, chromatin remodelers, and histone variants, also play essential roles. Here, we review the broad functions of histone modifications in initiating cell fate transitions, with particular focus on their contribution to the control of expression of key genes required for the differentiation programs and chromatin reorganization that accompanies these cell fates.
Small-on-large geometric anelasticity

In this paper, we are concerned with finding exact solutions for the stress fields of nonlinear solids with non-symmetric distributions of defects (or more generally finite eigenstrains) that are small perturbations of symmetric distributions of defects with known exact solutions. In the language of geometric mechanics, this corresponds to finding a deformation that is a result of a perturbation of the metric of the Riemannian material manifold. We present a general framework that can be used for a systematic analysis of this class of anelasticity problems. This geometric formulation can be thought of as a material analogue of the classical small-on-large theory in nonlinear elasticity. We use the present small-on-large anelasticity theory to find exact solutions for the stress fields of some non-symmetric distributions of screw dislocations in incompressible isotropic solids.
Ancient palace complex (300-100 BC) discovered in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico.

Recently completed excavations at the site of El Palenque in Mexico's Valley of Oaxaca have recovered the well-preserved remains of a palace complex dated by associated radiocarbon samples and ceramics to the Late Formative period or Late Monte Alban I phase (300-100 BC), the period of archaic state emergence in the region. The El Palenque palace exhibits certain architectural and organizational features similar to the royal palaces of much later Mesoamerican states described by Colonial-period sources. The excavation data document a multifunctional palace complex covering a maximum estimated area of 2,790 m2 on the north side of the site's plaza and consisting of both governmental and residential components. The data indicate that the palace complex was designed and built as a single construction. The palace complex at El Palenque is the oldest multifunctional palace excavated thus far in the Valley of Oaxaca.
Crystal structure of a mutant glycosylasparaginase shedding light on aspartylglycosaminuria-causing mechanism as well as on hydrolysis of non-chitobiose substrate

Abstract Glycosylasparaginase (GA) is an amidase that cleaves Asn-linked glycoproteins in lysosomes. Deficiency of this enzyme causes accumulation of glycoasparagines in lysosomes of cells, resulting in a genetic condition called aspartylglycosaminuria (AGU). To better understand the mechanism of a disease-causing mutation with a single residue change from a glycine to an aspartic acid, we generated a model mutant enzyme at the corresponding position (named G172D mutant). Here we report a 1.8A resolution crystal structure of mature G172D mutant and analyzed the reason behind its low hydrolase activity. Comparison of mature G172D and wildtype GA models reveals that the presence of Asp 172 near the catalytic site affects substrate catabolism in mature G172D, making it less efficient in substrate processing. Also recent studies suggest that GA is capable of processing substrates that lack a chitobiose (Glycan, N -acetylchiobios, NAcGlc) moiety, by its exo-hydrolase activity. The mechanism for this type of catalysis is not yet clear. l-Aspartic acid β-hydroxamate (β-AHA) is a non-chitobiose substrate that is known to interact with GA. To study the underlying mechanism of non-chitobiose substrate processing, we built a GA-β-AHA complex structure by comparing to a previously published G172D mutant precursor in complex with a β-AHA molecule. A hydrolysis mechanism of β-AHA by GA is proposed based on this complex model.