cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AGE-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF MELATONIN ADMINISTRATION ON PROSTATIC CYTOSOL ANDROGEN RECEPTORS IN MALE RATS

Chronic daily administration of melatonin (MT) can have potent effects on reproduction in the experimental animals. Various theories have been elaborated to explain these “pineal” effects on gonads. In the present study we have examined the prostatic cytosol androgen receptor (AR) response in pubertal (35-day-old) and adult (70-day-old) male Wistar rats to doses of 250 μg/kg b.w. MT (in 0.5 ml saline) administered s.c. for 4 days at 17.00 hr each day with 12 h (6.00-18.00 h) light per day. The control group received only saline for 4 consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed at 7 a.m. following the last dose. In the pubertal group 6 pools out of 24 animals the mean cytosol AR declined significantly (p=0.03) from a level of 262±120 fmol/mg DMA seen in the control animals to a level of 94.3±119 fmol/mg DNA for the MT-treated group. There was also a decline for the cytosol receptors in the adult group but the difference did not reach significance. Interestingly, the studies again confirmed that perhaps cytosol AR is not dependent on testosterone, as there was no difference in testosterone levels between the control and the experimental groups. Chronic injections of MT for 4 days in adult but not in young animals suppressed circulating MT levels when samples were collected 14 h after last injection. The current study convincingly damonstrates that chronic injections of MT for 4 days in the late light phase of the light-dark cycle have marked inhibitory effects on the prostatic cytosol AR in the pubertal animals but not in the adults as was evidenced earlier in an indirect experiment (Moeller et al. (1983), Res Exp Med 183, 157-165).
Review of similarity stretching exact solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations

Abstract Similarity solutions are essential for understanding nonlinear viscous fluid flow. The similarity transform reduces the Navier–Stokes equations to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which can be solved to yield universal curves. This paper reviews the advances in similarity solutions of a viscous fluid due to a stretching boundary.
995-22 The Effect of Perioperative Storage Solutions on the Long Term Vein Graft Function and Morphology

It has been shown that suboptimal preparation of a vein graft prior to its insertion results in immediate morphological and functional damage to the endothelial cells but not to the underlying smooth muscle cells. However. little is known if such perioperative injury to the vein grafts may influence the subsequent development of intimal hyperplasia and smooth muscle cell contractility. This study examines the influence of storage in saline or Ringer's lactate on the development of intimal hyperplasia and vasomotor function in experimental vein grafts. Twenty-six NM rabbits had a carotid vein bypass graft performed after the veins had been immersed (15 minutes) in either heparinized saline (Sal; n = 13) or Ringer's lactate (RL; n = 13) and each group was harvested after 28 days for either histology (n = 8) or functional studies (n = 5; four 5 mm rings/graft). Saline storage of the vein graft resulted in a 38% increase in the thickness of the intimal hyperplasia (113 ± 2 vs. 83 ± μm, Sal vs. RL; mean ± SEM, p l 0.05) without a change in medial thickness (87 ± 5 vs. 86 ± 8 μm, Sal vs. RL; p g 0.05). There was no difference in the sensitivity to norepinephrine, serotonin and bradykinin between the two sets of vein grafts. The maximal contractile forces to serotonin and bradykinin were increased in the saline compared to Ringer's lactate stored vein grafts. Saline Ringer's p-value Norepinephrine 0.88 ± 0.12 1.57 ± 020 l 0.05 Serotonin 1.23 ± 0.15 0.37 ± 013 l 0.01 Bradykinin 2.08 ± 0.11 0.52 ± 007 l 0.01 Values are the standardized maximal contractile force (maximal contraction/contraction to 60 mM KCI) expressed as mean ± SEM. Saline storage of the vein graft results in the increased development of intimal hyperplasia with an overall enhanced contractility but without changes in agonist sensitivity. This study places further emphasis on the need for good perioperative care of the vein bypass graft because it results not only in the previously documented short term problems but also in long term structural and contractile changes which may contribute to decreased graft patency.
Feasibility of using a generalized-Gaussian Markov random field prior for Bayesian speckle tracking of small displacements

Accurate displacement estimation can be a challenging task in acoustic radiation force elastography, where signal decorrelation can degrade the ability of a normalized cross-correlation (NCC) estimator to characterize the tissue response. In this work, we describe a Bayesian estimation scheme which models both signal decorrelation and thermal noise, and uses an edge-preserving, generalized Gaussian Markov random field prior. The performance of the estimator was evaluated in FEM simulations modeling the acoustic radiation force impulse response in a linearly-isotropic material. Bias, variance, and mean-square error were calculated over a range of estimator parameters, and compared to NCC. The results demonstrate that a significant reduction in mean-square error can be achieved with the proposed estimator. Finally, in vivo data of an radio-frequency ablation in a canine model are shown, demonstrating the in vivo feasibility of the proposed method.
A systematic approach to management of high-flow vascular malformations of the mandible

High-flow vascular malformations of the mandible are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. As these lesions are rare, the experience that a clinician has with treatment may be limited. To facilitate understanding and treatment of such lesions in a controlled and efficient manner, a treatment protocol is presented that includes careful preoperative planning, embolization, and surgery.
Organ Markets and the Ends of Medicine

As the gap between the need for and supply of human organs continues to widen, the aim of securing additional sources of these “ gifts of the body ” has become a seemingly overriding moral imperative, one that could — and some argue, should — override the widespread ban on organ markets. As a medical practice, organ transplantation entails the inherent risk that one human being, a donor, will become little more than a means to the end of healing for another human being and that he or she will come to have a purely instrumental value. With the establishment of organ markets, not only will the harms of instrumentalization be a reality — the ends of medicine will be further compromised and confused.
Baboons and their close relatives are unusual among primates in their ability to release nondefective endogenous type C viruses.

Abstract Of 363 primate tissues cocultivated with cell lines from heterologous mammalian species, endogenous type C viruses were isolated only from Papio (baboons) and from the closely related genus, Theropithecus gelada. The new viral isolates cross-interfere with one another and contain antigenically related reverse transcriptases and p30 proteins; viruses from the different Papio species can, however, be distinguished as to the species of origin by nucleic acid hybridization. Using identical techniques, endogenous type C viruses were not isolated from other species of Old World monkeys, higher apes, or from normal or tumored human tissues.
Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) on rhythmic pituitary-adrenal function.

Numerous studies have documented the general toxicity of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and a sizeable literature has accumulated concerning the toxic effects of PCBs on a variety of homeostatic systems. However, current information regarding the effects of PCBs on rhythmic endocrine function is quite limited. Thus, the present study was undertaken to determine whether circadian periodicity in pituitary-adrenal function is affected by exposure to PCBs.
An adaptive machine learning algorithm for color image analysis and processing

Abstract In this paper, a new adaptive machine learning algorithm for analyzing and processing color images of natural scenes is presented. The eventual goal of this research is to obtain a mathematical training algorithm to guide the operation of an unsupervised pattern recognition and classification technique for detecting and extracting the image modes or clusters in a selected or constructed feature space. For this purpose, the peak modality of one-dimensional (1-D) image histograms is selected as the mathematical training criterion. Area, mode dispersion, approximated curvature and steepness are some of the measured quantities for a modality test. Linear discriminant function is then used to extract the detected image clusters in the feature or measurement space.
Thrombocytopenia in Critical Care Patients

Thrombocytopenia is a common laboratory finding in the intensive care unit (ICU) patient. Because the causes can range from laboratory artifact to life-threatening processes such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), identifying the cause of thrombocytopenia is important. In the evaluation of the thrombocytopenia patient, one should incorporate all clinical clues such as why the patient is in the hospital, medications the patient is on, and other abnormal laboratory findings. One should ensure that the patient does not suffer from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or one of the thrombotic microangiopathies (TMs). HIT can present in any patient on heparin and requires specific testing and antithrombotic therapy. TMs cover a spectrum of disease ranging from TTP to pregnancy complications and can have a variety of presentations. Management of disseminated intravascular coagulation depends on the patient’s condition and complication. Other causes of ICU thrombocytopenia include sepsis, medication...
Tissue Hypoxia: Implications for the Respiratory Clinician

Oxygen is essential for normal aerobic metabolism in mammals. Hypoxia is the presence of lower than normal oxygen content and pressure in the cell. Causes of hypoxia include hypoxemia (low blood oxygen content and pressure), impaired oxygen delivery, and impaired cellular oxygen uptake/utilization. Many compensatory mechanisms exist at the global, regional, and cellular levels to allow cells to function in a hypoxic environment. Clinical management of tissue hypoxia usually focuses on global hypoxemia and oxygen delivery. As we move into the future, the clinical focus needs to change to assessing and managing mission-critical regional hypoxia to avoid unnecessary and potential toxic global strategies. We also need to focus on understanding and better harnessing the body's own adaptive mechanisms to hypoxia.
In Vitro Activity, Synergism, and Testing Parameters of Amikacin, with Comparisons to Other Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

The activity of the new aminoglycoside antibiotic, amikacin, was evaluated in vitro against 219 clinical bacterial isolates. One hundred eighty-nine of the 219 strains had agar dilution minimal inhibitory concentration values of 8.0 mug/ml or less for amikacin. Comparative agar dilution studies were performed for gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin. Gentamicin was the most active overall, but tobramycin and amikacin also had significant activity against most bacterial groups. The effects of divalent cations on the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to amikacin were evaluated, and the minimal inhibitory concentration values varied sixfold over a range of divalent cation concentrations from 0.2 to 8.75 mg%. The effects of media and inoculum size on disk susceptibility testing with amikacin were also evaluated. In addition, a synergistic interaction between carbenicillin and amikacin against P. aeruginosa was demonstrated. Amikacin appears to be a promising new broad spectrum antimicrobial agent.
Sal1p, a Calcium-Dependent Carrier Protein That Suppresses an Essential Cellular Function Associated With the Aac2 Isoform of ADP/ATP Translocase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Adenine nucleotide translocase (Ant) catalyzes ADP/ATP exchange between the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix. It is also proposed to form or regulate the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, a megachannel of high conductancy on the mitochondrial membranes. Eukaryotic genomes generally contain multiple isoforms of Ant. In this study, it is shown that the Ant isoforms are functionally differentiated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although the three yeast Ant proteins can equally support respiration (the R function), Aac2p and Aac3p, but not Aac1p, have an additional physiological function essential for cell viability (the V function). The loss of V function in aac2 mutants leads to a lethal phenotype under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The lethality is suppressed by a strain-polymorphic locus, named SAL1 (for Suppressor of aac2 lethality). SAL1 was identified to encode an evolutionarily conserved protein of the mitochondrial carrier family. Notably, the Sal1 protein was shown to bind calcium through two EF-hand motifs located on its amino terminus. Calcium binding is essential for the suppressor activity. Finally, Sal1p is not required for oxidative phosphorylation and its overexpression does not complement the R(-) phenotype of aac2 mutants. On the basis of these observations, it is proposed that Aac2p and Sal1p may define two parallel pathways that transport a nucleotide substrate in an operational mode distinct from ADP/ATP exchange.
A Proof of concept on defending cold boot attack

DRAM is an essential memory of a modern computer. Microprocessor loads the data which the user requested into DRAM before processing the data. Hence, DRAM contains important information in a computer. Recently, security researchers disclosed that DRAM is vulnerable to attack. Through Cold Boot Attack, DRAM contents can be recovered even after the computer has been powered off for several minutes [1]. The information obtained can be used to circumvent popular disk encryption system such as FileVault and Bit Locker. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced memory architecture which adds a data scrambling / descrambling layer between the microprocessor and DRAM controller to prevent the original data to be stored as cleartext in the DRAM. The original data will be scrambled before writing to DRAM and hence preventing the Cold Boot Attack. This new layer consists of XOR circuit, Galois Field Multiplication of order 128 (GF128) and a Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG). The scrambling scheme was selected in this proposal due to its simplicity for proof of concept. Any other cryptography scheme can replace the scrambling / descrambling blocks according to the required level of data protection. The designed blocks were implemented and tested on the Altera DE2 FPGA board using Nios II system. The results confirm that the use of the scrambling / descrambling blocks provides an easy solution with additional level of protection to secure the contents in the DRAM.
Effects of Parity and Supply of Rumen-Degraded and Undegraded Protein on Production and Nitrogen Balance in Holsteins

Abstract Eight Holstein cows (4 primiparous and 4 multiparous) were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design to determine milk production response and N balance when diets had no NRC-predicted excess of rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) or rumen-degradable protein (RDP), 10% RUP excess, 10% RDP excess, or 10% excess of both RUP and RDP. Diets were fed as a total mixed ration with (dry matter basis) 25% alfalfa silage, 25% corn silage, 19 to 21% corn grain, and varying proportions of solvent soybean meal and expeller soybean meal as primary sources of supplemental RDP and RUP, respectively. Milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded daily, and total collection of feces and urine was completed in the last 3 d of each 21-d period. Dietary crude protein averaged 17.5 and 18.5% for the recommended and excess RDP diets, respectively, and 17.3 and 18.4% for the recommended and excess RUP diets, respectively. When cows were fed excess RUP diets in the form of expeller soybean meal, DMI and milk production increased, but the opposite was true when the diets contained excess RDP in the form of solvent soybean meal. Milk composition was not affected by RDP, RUP, or by parity, and there were no parity×RDP interactions for any of the measurements. However, apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, dry matter, and N increased in multiparous cows but not in primiparous cows because of excess RUP. The increase in the yield of milk N with excess RUP was not influenced by parity, but multiparous cows retained more of the additional N apparently absorbed, whereas primiparous cows excreted the additional apparently absorbed N in the urine. Overall, the difference in urinary N due to parity (70g/d) was about 4 times greater than the impact of dietary treatments (17g/d). Our results suggest that multiparous cows have either a much larger urea pool or a greater demand to restore body protein mobilized earlier in lactation compared with primiparous cows. Reduction in urinary N excretion in commercial dairy herds could be obtained by separately balancing rations for first and later lactations.
Structural Investigations of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystal Heterostructures: Faceting and Epitaxy

We use High Resolution Transmission Microscopy (HRTEM) to study CdSe, CdS/HgS/CdS quantum-dot quantum well (QDQW), and CdSe/CdS core-shell nanocrystals, grown by wet-chemical techniques. The nanocrystals have faceted Wulff polyhedron shapes. In addition to HRTEM, we employ multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) x-ray diffraction. We use computer modeling to help interpret the experimental data. Growth of a heterogeneous phase proceeds epitaxially preserving the overall shape and point-group symmetry of the original seed nanocrystals, both for wurtzite (CdSe/CdS) and zincblende (CdS/HgS/CdS) type structures. Recently prepared InAs nanocrystals also show evidence of faceting as observed by HRTEM and may lend themselves equally well to epitaxy.
Breakup, transfer, and fusion studies of exotic "halo" nuclei using an active-target time projection chamber.

A program of study of the reaction mechanisms of exotic “halo” nuclei at energies near the Coulomb barrier is described. The unique opportunities presented by the ReA3 reaccelerated beam facility at the NSCL, coupled with an active-target time projection chamber (AT-TPC), will be fully exploited in this program. An approximately half-scale “prototype” AT-TPC has been constructed and is currently undergoing tests. This device has recently been installed on the TwinSol [1] beam line at the University of Notre Dame, and preliminary results of reaction studies using a low-energy 6 He beam are reported.
A Method for the Quantification of Model-Form and Parametric Uncertainties in Physics-Based Simulations

Models are often constructed to represent physical scenarios and estimate outcomes based upon a set of input parameters. When the uncertainty of these simulations is analyzed, often only the uncertainties inherent to the parameters within the simulation are considered. However, in many areas of engineering design, the uncertainties induced by the modeling process itself can have a similar if not greater effect on the overall uncertainty within the analysis. In this work, a methodology is developed and presented that is capable of quantifying both the parametric and model-form uncertainties for physics-based simulations. This method utilizes fast fourier transforms and accurate surrogate models to quantify the parametric uncertainty within a model and inputs that information into a probabilistic adjustment factors approach--developed in this work--to quantify the uncertainty induced by the modeling process itself. The accuracy and validity of this approach is then demonstrated on an example calculating the flutter velocity of a two degree of freedom airfoil subject to unsteady aerodynamics.
Memory efficient minimum substring partitioning

Massively parallel DNA sequencing technologies are revolutionizing genomics research. Billions of short reads generated at low costs can be assembled for reconstructing the whole genomes. Unfortunately, the large memory footprint of the existing de novo assembly algorithms makes it challenging to get the assembly done for higher eukaryotes like mammals. In this work, we investigate the memory issue of constructing de Bruijn graph, a core task in leading assembly algorithms, which often consumes several hundreds of gigabytes memory for large genomes. We propose a disk-based partition method, called Minimum Substring Partitioning (MSP), to complete the task using less than 10 gigabytes memory, without runtime slowdown. MSP breaks the short reads into multiple small disjoint partitions so that each partition can be loaded into memory, processed individually and later merged with others to form a de Bruijn graph. By leveraging the overlaps among the k-mers (substring of length k), MSP achieves astonishing compression ratio: The total size of partitions is reduced from Θ(kn) to Θ(n), where n is the size of the short read database, and k is the length of a k-mer. Experimental results show that our method can build de Bruijn graphs using a commodity computer for any large-volume sequence dataset.
T-type calcium channels in the regulation of afferent and efferent arterioles in rats.

L-type Ca2+ channels predominantly influence preglomerular arterioles, but there is less information regarding the role of T-type Ca2+ channels in regulating the renal microvasculature. We compared...
Multicompartmental Materials by Electrohydrodynamic Cojetting

While multicomponent microand nanoscale structures and even atomically blended materials have been in use for centuries in various bulk forms ranging from metal-nanoparticle-doped glasses to crystalline alloys, recent advances in top-down and bottom-up fabrication processes have allowed for improved control over the structure of microand nanoscale multicomponent materials. These multicomponent microstructured materials are important in imaging, drug delivery, sensing, and tissue engineering. A simple example of such a material is the core–shell particle, where the shell could improve the compatibility with the surrounding environment in imaging applications, provide for a controlled release profile in drug delivery, or give tuneable absorption properties in plasmonic particles. While the core–shell configuration has its utility, there is ample room for more complex configurations. In drug delivery and diagnostics, for example, it would be attractive to have a platform where multiple compartments of a microstructured material could be used to: 1) target the desired cells, 2) deliver the desired drug(s) at the desired rate(s) for the required duration(s), and 3) label the treated cells for diagnostic evaluation. Various techniques have been utilized to fabricate multicomponent microstructured materials with core–shell, nested, Janus, and/or granular architecture. Figure 1 depicts examples of multiphase microstructures patterned by various techniques, including the microfluidic sheath flow of granular Janus particles (Figure 1a), laser direct writing of a trapped colloidal fluid (Figure 1b), electrospinning of inorganic– organic hybrid materials in core–sheath and side-by-side configurations (Figure 1c and d), and the electrospray and cellular uptake of water-stable Janus particles (Figure 1e). While the solution-phase syntheses of particles can be scaled up readily, they have not been well suited for the arbitrary placement of multiple components on the microscale. Stan-
Results from deploying a participation incentive mechanism within the enterprise

Success and sustainability of social networking sites is highly dependent on user participation. To encourage contribution to an opt-in social networking site designed for employees, we have designed and implemented a feature that rewards contribution with points. In our evaluation of the impact of the system, we found that employees are initially motivated to add more content to the site. This paper presents the analysis and design of the point system, the results of our experiment, and our insights regarding future directions derived from our post-experiment user interviews.
The effect of tail skin on the morphology and morphogenesis of limb regenerates in the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus.

Tail skin cuffs have been grafted to the upper forelimb of red-backed salamanders in either normal or 180°-rotated dorsoventral orientation. Subsequent amputation through the graft region resulted in arrested regeneration, distally deficient or typical four-digit regenerates. Distribution was not substantially influenced by graft orientation nor were there any supernumerary limbs induced by the axially dislocated tail skin on the limb stumps. Furthermore, regenerates bore no indication of tail-like structures other than large granular skin glands proximally. These data indicate that, unlike limb skin, tail skin is not morphogenetically active in the epimorphic process of limb regeneration. In addition, the species used in this study is a fin-less, round-tailed salamander. It is therefore suggested that the previously reported morphogenetic effects of tail skin on limb regeneration may be related to the presence of tail fins on the species studied.
Fluxless Hermetic Lid Sealing Using Electroplated Sn-Rich Solder

A new fluxless hermetic sealing technique using electroplated Sn-rich soft solder is reported. Specific glass (SCG72) is chosen as lid material to seal alumina packages. It has nominal coefficient of thermal expansion of 7 ppm/deg C, close to that of alumina. Alternatively, sapphire can also be used as the lid material. A thick Sn layer is plated over the Cr/Au patterned glass wafer, followed immediately by thin Au layer. This outer Au layer prevents the inner Sn from oxidation. In bonding, the glass lid is placed over the package rim which has a metallization structure of W/Ni/Au. The fluxless sealing process is performed in vacuum (50 millitorrs) to suppress tin oxidation. Compared to bonding in air, the oxygen content is reduced by a factor of 15 200. Fluxless bonding is valuable in many hermetic sealing applications such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), sensors, photonic devices, and imaging devices. Nearly void-free sealed joints are achieved with Sn-rich composition. Helium leakage tests are performed to evaluate hermetic quality. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is used to evaluate the composition and microstructure of the sealing joints. The results show how the Sn-rich solder reacts with the W/Ni/Au on the package. This new sealing process can be applied to nearly all devices and packages that require hermetic sealing.
Enacting Gender Identity in Written Discourse: Responding to Gender Role Bidding in Personal Ads

This study investigated ways in which gender identity is enacted within written language. Participants first supplied a self-descriptive letter that might be filed with a dating service. Next, they responded to a fabricated personal ad posted by a potential dating partner. Contextual factors in this study were writing task (self-description or response to a personal ad) and the gender role “bid” (either instrumental or expressive) of the hypothetical personal ad writer. Individual difference variables were biological gender and measured gender role orientation. Texts were coded for frequency of seven gender-typed language features (e.g., hedges, first-person pronouns). Writers’ own gender role schemata affected their language use, as did their biological sex. Contextual factors were more potent than the writers’ gender in affecting these stylistic features. Overall, writers altered their styles to complement (rather than converge toward) the apparent gender role orientations of their interlocutors.
Effects of Transferrin Conjugates of Artemisinin and Artemisinin Dimer on Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Transferrin (Tf) conjugates of monomeric artemisinin (ART) and artemisinin dimer were synthesized. The two conjugates, ART-Tf and dimer-Tf, retained the original protein structure, and formed stable aggregates in aqueous buffer. ART-Tf induced declines in proteins involved in apoptosis (survivin), cell cycling (cyclin D1), oncogenesis (c-myelocytomatosis oncogene product (c-MYC)), and dysregulated WNT signaling (beta-catenin) in both the human prostate (DU145) and breast (MCF7) cancer cell lines. Both ART-Tf and dimer-Tf induced down-regulation of survivin, c-MYC and mutated human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (ERBB2 or HER2) in the BT474 breast cancer cell line. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that an ART derivative can cause a decline of ERBB2 in a human cancer cell line. Potential mechanisms for the observed effects are presented. Both transferrin conjugates strongly inhibited the growth of BT474 cells in the same concentration range that the conjugates caused declines in the levels of ERBB2, survivin, and c-MYC, while showing essentially no toxicity towards MCF10A normal breast cells.
About Computations of Hele-Shaw Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids

The flow of a fluid confined between two solid plates (Hele-Shaw cell) is of considerable interest in a variety of applications. Further interest in two phase flow in this geometry stems from the close analogy between the dynamics of fluid-fluid interface and the propagation of the solidification front. While the flow of Newtonian fluids is rather well understood, it is much more complicated to compute flows of non-Newtonian fluids. We find that the dense-branching morphology of Newtonian liquids may be replaced by dendritic fingers with stable tips and sidebranches, and discuss resulting length scales.
A hairy polyp presenting as a middle ear mass in a pediatric patient

Middle ear masses in the pediatric population are rare. They may present with conductive hearing loss or recurrent otitis media.lM4 The most common middle ear mass in the pediatric age group is cholesteatoma, either congenital or acquired. Other more rare congenital pediatric middle-ear masses include hamartomas, choristomas, and teratomas. Hamartomas are growths of mature tissues normally found in the anatomic site but abnormally arranged. Conversely, choristomas consist of normally arranged mature tissues not normally found in the anatomic site. A teratoma consists of mature or immature tissue types, which typically include all three germinal layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Hamartomas and choristomas are always benign, whereas teratomas may be either benign or malignant. Benign teratomas may be further subdivided into epidermoid, dermoid, hairy polyp, and true teratoma categories, depending on the presence or absence of each of the three germinal layers and their adenexa.5 Therefore, epidermoid teratomas are ectodermal cysts without adenexal structures. Dermoid teratomas are ectodermal cysts with adenexal structures.2,5z6 Hairy polyp teratomas include both ectodermal and mesodermal tissues with adenexa.4,5*7p8 Complete teratomas are masses that contain all three germinal
Self-Administration of Morphine in the Cat

Three experiments investigated morphine dependence in the cat. Psychological dependence was measured by self-administration and physiological dependence by induction of withdrawal signs. The data indicate that cats self-administer significantly more morphine than saline. The pattern of morphine self-administrations in cats resembles that which they and other species develop while self-administering psychomotor stimulants. Additionally, although cats develop psychological dependence on morphine and tolerance to some drug effects, little if any physiological dependence, as measured by signs of spontaneous or precipitated withdrawal, is seen. Thus the cat may provide a model system by which the neurobiological phenomena underlying psychological and physiological dependence on morphine may be separated.
Looking Again at SPSSI: History, Activism, and Advocacy

SPSSI has a well-established history of self-scrutiny. Central to any self-evaluation effort is the presence of an archival record that documents the aspirations and struggles of an organization and its members, perspectives that may never make it into the “official” published record. In this reflection, I describe my efforts in the 1980s, on the occasion of my presidential address, to use the archival record of SPSSI to examine how the organization had dealt with advocacy in the then-46+ years of its existence. I then mention a contemporary archival project for Psychologists for Social Responsibility, and comment on changes in the institutional landscape that have created a new context for SPSSI's historic role as an activist organization.
Minimizing resources in a repeating schedule for a split-node data-flow graph

Many computation-intensive or recursive applications commonly found in digital signal processing and image processing applications can be represented by data-flow graphs (DFGs). In our previous work, we proposed a new technique, extended retiming, which can be combined with minimal unfolding to transform a DFG into one which is rate-optimal. The result, however, is a DFG with split nodes, a concise representation for pipelined schedules. This model and the extraction of the pipelined schedule it represents have heretofore not been explored. In this paper, we demonstrate one scheduling algorithm for such graphs, and then discuss a way to reduce the hardware requirements of the resulting schedule. In the process, we state and prove a tight upper bound on the minimum number of processors required to execute the static schedule produced by our algorithms. Finally, we demonstrate our methods on a specific example.
HPV and Anal Cancer Knowledge among HIV-Infected and Non-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of what men who have sex with men (MSM) know about anal cancer in terms of self-care behaviors/practices, human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge, risk awareness, anal cancer screening history, the need to be screened, and how demographic or behavioral practices were associated with knowledge and awareness. Methods: A convenience sampling method was employed. Participants were recruited in 2014–2015 in venues such as Pride Center events as well as in bars, restaurants, and cafes that cater to a gay clientele. Participants' knowledge of HPV and anal cancer were examined using the Anal Cancer Knowledge Questionnaire (ACKQ). The 65-item survey consisted of demographic variables, questions related to anal health behaviors, practices, and perceptions, HPV and anal cancer knowledge, and HPV and anal cancer risk awareness. Results: The sample consisted of 163 men. The mean age of the participants was 49.6 years. The majorities were wh...
Simulation-Based Inference on the Improvement in a Rotatable Response Surface

AbstractQuadratic response surface methodology often focuses on finding the levels of some (coded) predictor variables x = (x1, x2 ,..., xk) that optimize the expected value of a response variable y. Often the experimenter starts from some best guess or “control” combination of the predictor variables (usually coded to x = 0) and performs an experiment varying them in a region around this center point. Sa and Edwards (1993) provided simultaneous confidence intervals for the improvement in E(y) at x as compared to 0, δ(x) = E(y|x) — E(y | 0) for all x within a specified distance of 0. Here, we give a new method for inference on δ(x) in a 2nd-order rotatable design, utilizing a simulation-based critical point to give substantially sharper intervals. For large k, to achieve the same level of precision using the Sa and Edwards methods over the simulation-based method, the experimenter would need to double the experiment size. The new method allows for one-sided bounds, blocks and covariates in the design, and...
Evaluation of Formic Acid and a Thymol-Based Blend of Natural Products for the Fall Control of Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) in Colonies of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Formic acid, a thymol-based blend of natural products, and Apistan (tau-fluvalinate) were compared as fall control agents for Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, a parasitic mite of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Mite mortality averaged 99% in colonies receiving Apistan, 70% in those receiving the thymol blend, 51% in those receiving formic acid, and 33% in control colonies. Mite mortality in colonies receiving the thymol blend was higher than in the control colonies. The ratio of the coefficient of variation in mite mortality among colonies in the thymol group to the coefficient of variation among colonies in the Apistan group was 67.15. The corresponding ratio for the formic acid group and the Apistan group was 117.65. These results indicate that Apistan is a more effective and a more consistent control agent than the other treatment formulations used in this study. Mortality was independent of the level of mite infestation for all treatments. Overall, 109.52 ± 5.777 g (≈43.8%) of a 250-ml formic acid treatment evaporated during the 33-d treatment period, giving an average daily release of 3.32 g of formic acid, well below that required for effective mite control. For the thymol blend, 26.32 ± 1.298 g (≈65.8%) of the original 80 g of material evaporated during the treatment period, giving an average of 0.80 g/d. The amount of each material evaporating was positively correlated with ambient temperature. The number of mites collected during the 1st 4 d of the evaluation period was correlated ( r = 0.99) with the total number of mites collected during the entire 34-d evaluation period.
Creating Mosaics in Drosophila

The ability to create mosaic animals allows the phenotypic analysis of patches of groups of genetically different cells that develop in a wild type environment. In Drosophila, a variety of techniques have been developed over the years to generate mosaics, and in this chapter, I review the techniques that our laboratory has developed. These include the "Dominant Female Sterile" technique which allows the analysis of gene functions to oogenesis and embryogenesis; the "Gal4-UAS" technique which allows the control of where and when specific genes are expressed; and, the "Positive Marked Mutant Lineages" technique which allows clones of cells to express a specific reporter gene.
Surveillance on Notifiable Disease in Dayi County During 2005-2006

Objective To get an insight into the epidemic dynamics of infectious disease in Dayi County,so as to provide a scientific basis for adopting appropriate measures to prevent and conrol the infectious disease.Method The data were collected,stored and analyzed through"Diseases Reporting Information System".Results The annual incidence of infectious disease was 206.61/105,mortality rate was 0.39/105,and fatality rate was 0.19% during 2005-2006.The pulmonary tuberculosis,viral hepatitis,desentery,gonorrhea,syphilis constituted the top 5 infectious diseases in terms of incidence.Conclusion To prevent and control pulmonary tuberculosis,desentery,rabies,mumps etc.among students,peasants should be strengthened for a long time to come.
Confidence in Government: An Empirical Study of Opinion in 60 Countries

Confidence in the federal government of the United States has been very low in recent years. The reasons for the low regard with which American politicians and institutions are held is apparent from reading the front page of every major newspaper in America. The constant lies by politicians, the various scandals in Washington and elsewhere, mass murders by federal government officials going back to Waco, Ruby Ridge, and even Wounded Knee have destroyed whatever trust and confidence Americans once had in their government. Various cover-ups, such as the IRS scandal where IRS employees targeted conservative groups, disappearing emails, both by IRS officials and Hillary Clinton, the suspected murders of enemies of the Clintons, President Johnson and others, the Nixon Watergate scandal, annual deficits that are out of control regardless of which party is in power, military invasions of countries that pose no threat to the United States, and so forth, have all chipped away at the integrity of government officials and institutions. Many people are starting to think of secession as a viable option to the status quo.Other countries have had their own ups and downs over the years, and it is reasonable to expect that the confidence in their governments has been affected by those changes. The present study uses the most recent data for 60 countries using the World Values Survey statistics to determine the extent of confidence the various sample populations have in their governments. Mean scores are ranked from highest to lowest degree of confidence.
Amusing Minds for Joyful Learning through E-Gaming

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the present use of e-gaming in language acquisition along with its potential and challenges. We review the use of traditional, non-electronic games for language acquisition, provide a brief introduction of computer-assisted language learning (CALL), and examine the use of electronic games in language learning. Although there is limited research on the use of electronic games in language acquisition, potential exists for the integration of electronic games in language classrooms. In addition, more in-depth research is still needed in this field. For classroom practice, we provide a resource of online e-games for practitioners.
Comparison of Stereo-PIV and Plenoptic-PIV Measurements on the Wake of a Cylinder in NASA Ground Test Facilities.

A series of comparison experiments have been performed using a single-camera plenoptic PIV measurement system to ascertain the systems performance capabilities in terms of suitability for use in NASA ground test facilities. A proof-of-concept demonstration was performed in the Langley Advanced Measurements and Data Systems Branch 13-inch (33- cm) Subsonic Tunnel to examine the wake of a series of cylinders at a Reynolds number of 2500. Accompanying the plenoptic-PIV measurements were an ensemble of complementary stereo-PIV measurements. The stereo-PIV measurements were used as a truth measurement to assess the ability of the plenoptic-PIV system to capture relevant 3D/3C flow field features in the cylinder wake. Six individual tests were conducted as part of the test campaign using three different cylinder diameters mounted in two orientations in the tunnel test section. This work presents a comparison of measurements with the cylinders mounted horizontally (generating a 2D flow field in the x-y plane). Results show that in general the plenoptic-PIV measurements match those produced by the stereo-PIV system. However, discrepancies were observed in extracted pro les of the fuctuating velocity components. It is speculated that spatial smoothing of the vector fields in the stereo-PIV system could account for the observed differences. Nevertheless, the plenoptic-PIV system performed extremely well at capturing the flow field features of interest and can be considered a viable alternative to traditional PIV systems in smaller NASA ground test facilities with limited optical access.
Microstructural Modeling of Intergranular Fracture in Tricrystals With Random Low- and High-Angle Grain Boundaries

Intergranular (IG) fracture behavior near triple junctions (TJs) in f.c.c. tricrystals with a variety of grain boundary (GB) misorientations has been investigated. Based on a dislocation-density GB interaction scheme, critical fracture conditions were coupled to evolving dislocation-density pileups and local stresses by using a dislocation-density-based crystalline plasticity formulation within a nonlinear finite-element framework to elucidate the effects of local GB structure, dislocation–GB interactions, and misorientations on IG crack propagation in f.c.c. crystalline materials. Tricrystals with low-angle GBs had higher fracture toughness than tricrystals with high-angle GBs. In TJs with a combination of random low- and high-angle GBs, the formation of dislocation-density pileups in the high-angle GB led to IG crack propagation along the high-angle GB rather than along the low-angle GB. These predictions, which are consistent with experimental observations, indicate that fracture behavior near TJs is controlled by highly local, evolving, and interrelated events, such as dislocation-density pileups and GB misorientations.
Regulation of Iron Homeostasis by SPAK-dependent Modulation of FBXL5 Stability

Intracellular iron homeostasis is regulated by a proteolytic switch whereby the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXL5 targets iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) for ubiquitin-dependent degradation in iron-replete conditions while it is itself degraded during iron deficiency allowing IRPs to accumulate and regulate their downstream RNA targets. The cellular pathways that control FBXL5 degradation in low iron conditions are not well understood. Here, we report the identification of the STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase (SPAK) as a novel regulator of FBXL5 stability. We find that SPAK, a kinase previously implicated in osmotic stress regulation, regulates intracellular iron homeostasis through its physical association with FBXL5. This role is dependent on its kinase activity as overexpression of constitutively active SPAK increases FBXL5 poly-ubiquitination and degradation. Through this work, we have discovered a novel role for SPAK that extends beyond its well-established function in salt homeostasis and raises the possibility for signaling crosstalk between iron homeostatic and osmotic regulatory pathways.
The Jacobson Radical’s Role in Isomorphism Theorems for p-Adic Modules Extends to Topological Isomorphism

For a complete discrete valuation domain R, a class of R-modules is said to satisfy an isomorphism theorem if an isomorphism between the endomorphism algebras of two modules in that class implies that the modules are isomorphic. A class satisfies a Jacobson radical isomorphism theorem if an isomorphism between only the Jacobson radicals of the endomorphism rings of two modules in that class implies that the modules are isomorphic. Jacobson radical isomorphism theorems exist for subclasses of the classes of torsion, torsion-free and mixed modules which satisfy an isomorphism theorem. Warren May investigated the use of the finite topology in isomorphism theorems, and showed that the topological setting allows an isomorphism theorem for a broader class of reduced mixed modules than the algebraic isomorphism alone. The purpose of this paper is to prove that the parallels that exist between isomorphism theorems and Jacobson radical isomorphism theorems extend to the topological setting. The main result is that the class of reduced modules over a complete discrete valuation domain which contain an unbounded torsion submodule and are divisible modulo torsion satisfy a topological Jacobson radical isomorphism theorem.
Epitaxial nanowire formation in metamorphic GaAs/GaPAs short-period superlattices

Metamorphic growth presents routes to novel nanomaterials with unique properties that may be suitable for a range of applications. We discuss self-assembled, epitaxial nanowires formed during metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of metamorphic GaAs/GaPAs short-period superlattices. The heterostructures incorporate strain-engineered GaPAs compositional grades on 6°- B miscut GaAs substrates. Lateral diffusion within the SPS into vertically aligned, three-dimensional columns results in nanowires extending along A directions with a lateral period of 70-90 nm. The microstructure is probed by transmission electron microscopy to confirm the presence of coherent GaAs nanowires within GaPAs barriers. The compositional profile is inferred from analysis of {200} dark-field image contrast and lattice images.