cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypoallergenicity of guayule rubber particle proteins compared to Hevea latex proteins.

Abstract Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. is currently the sole commercial source of natural rubber. However, products made from Hevea latex are responsible for causing allergies affecting an increasing number of people world-wide. In this paper we test the hypothesis that latex allergy can be circumvented by using rubber of low hypoallergenicity from other species. We also report studies to determine the feasibility of ameliorating latex allergy in Hevea. We show that antibodies raised against proteins extracted from films of ammoniated Hevea latex did not recognize latex proteins from two other rubber producing plant species, guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) and Ficus elastica Roxb., indicating that Hevea latex allergy can be circumvented using rubber from other species. The hypoallergenicity of guayule and F. elastica latex was confirmed in preliminary clinical trials (reported elsewhere). F. elastica rubber is mostly of low molecular weight and short chain, whereas guayule rubber is comparable in quality to that of Hevea. Guayule latex should be suitable for the manufacture of high-quality, hypoallergenic natural rubber products for the Hevea-hyperallergic individual. The Hevea latex protein antibodies recognized not only proteins from raw Hevea latex, but also rubber particle preparations from which the soluble latex proteins were removed. Hence extensive removal of rubber particle-bound proteins, in addition to the soluble latex proteins, would be required to produce a safe Hevea latex product. Latex samples from different commercial lines of H. brasiliensis reacted similarly to the antibodies, indicating that clonal selection is unlikely to be helpful in eliminating latex antigens.
ITERATIVE METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE K SHORTEST PATHS IN A NETWORK

This paper presents and develops an algebraic structure for determining the k shortest paths from a given node to all other nodes of a network. Three new methods for calculating such k shortest path information are examined and compared. These methods are based on a fairly strong analogy which exists between the solution of such network problems and traditional techniques for solving linear equations. On the basis of both theoretical and computational evidence, one of the three methods is seen to offer an extremely effective procedure for finding the k shortest paths from a given node in a network.
Victim Blaming in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults: Variations on the Severity Effect

It has been long known that people blame victims for the bad things that happen to them, and that people blame victims more when the victims experience severe difficulties than when they experience minor difficulties, even if the victims were not particularly irresponsible. Little previous research has examined victim blaming in middle-age and older adults. One hundred and forty-five adults in 3 age groups (18–34, 35–59, and 60–84) read 4 scenarios (2 accidents, 1 crime, and 1 fire) imbedded in other scenarios. The scenarios were varied so that the victim is either very irresponsible or not very irresponsible, and the outcome is mild or severe. The oldest group of participants blamed the victims more than the other groups. However, in contrast to the typical severity effect, the oldest group blamed the very irresponsible victim more when the outcome was mild than they did when the outcome was severe.
Dominance bonding through the good old boys sociability group

Informed and illustrated by observational and interview data on two sample groups, a model of one particular form of male social groups was elaborated. Because of the characteristics of its members and its operating principle, the ideal type was labeled the Good Old Boys Sociability (GOBS) group. Members of GOBS groups share successful class and gender histories, and plan and engage in events that reflect dimensions of masculine play learned in boyhood. The GOBS group was found to perpetuate masculine identity and male privilege through dominance bonding, i.e., a process of collective alliance in which members affirm and reaffirm their superiority.
God's Harvard: A Christian College on a Mission to Save America

Patrick Henry College is a private Christian school located near Washington D.C. Exceptional students and faculty from the college were chronicled in this book by Hanna Rosin.
A domain decomposition solver for acoustic scattering by elastic objects in layered media

A finite element solution procedure is presented for accurately computing time-harmonic acoustic scattering by elastic targets buried in sediment. An improved finite element discretization based on trilinear basis functions leading to fourth-order phase accuracy is described. For sufficiently accurate discretizations 100 million to 1 billion unknowns are required. The resulting systems of linear equations are solved iteratively using the GMRES method with a domain decomposition preconditioner employing a fast direct solver. Due to the construction of the discretization and preconditioner, iterations can be reduced onto a sparse subspace associated with the interfaces. Numerical experiments demonstrate capability to evaluate the scattered field with hundreds of wavelengths.
Instrumental aversive conditioning in the Skink Eumeces Inexpectatus studied with two test chambers

Instrumental aversive conditioning was studied in Florida five-lined skinks in two similar test situations. All animals showed general decreases in escape latencies. Only a small number of avoidances occurred, but these tended to increase over trials. The avoidance responses do not seem attributable to spontaneous running.
Reassessing Victory in Warfare

This study takes a fresh conceptual look at modern military victory so as to shed new light on the meaning of victory in the post-Cold War global security context and to probe the pitfalls and opportunities surrounding the pursuit of war-winning and peace-winning strategies. This analysis identifies competing notions of victory, defines the notion of strategic victory, common fallacies by victors, and discusses some ideas about how to improve management of complexities surrounding modern victory.
Efficacy of a Premedication Algorithm for Nonemergent Intubation in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background:Preventing significant oxygen desaturation and hypotension through adequate analgesia and sedation during nonemergent Intubation In neonates is desirable. However, in many neonatal intensive care units, elective intubations occur without adequate premedication. There is significant variation In the choice of premedication agen(s) and doses, and an ideal regimen for use during nonemergent intubation has not been developed.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of an algorithm developed for analgesia and sedation during nonemergent Intubation in neonates.Methods:Prospectively collected continuous quality Improvement data on a premedication algorithm for nonemergent intubation were analyzed following institutions] review board approval. Midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 μg/kg (if the patient was not already receiving morphine for sedation) were administered prior to nonemergent intubation. Heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiration rate, mean arterial pressure, and pain scores were recorded at baseli...
Some analytical and statistical properties of Fisher information

The concept of Fisher information I is introduced. Smoothness properties of I, and its relation to entropy, disorder, and uncertainty are explored. Information I is generalized to N- component problems, and is expressed both in direct and Fourier spaces. Applications to ISAR radar imaging and to the derivation of physical laws are discussed.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Recent Developments in High-Temperature Permanent Magnet Materials

Permanent magnet materials capable of reliably operating at high temperatures (≧400 °C) are required for future advanced power Systems in a proposed more electric aircraft (MEA) initiative. A major objective of the MEA initiative is to increase aircraft reliability, maintainability, and supportability, including drastically reducing the need for ground support equipment (Fingers and Rubertus, 2000). This advancement will be accomplished in part through the development of advanced power components such as magnetic bearings, integrated power units, and internal starter/generators for main propulsion engines. New high-temperature magnets are enabling technologies for the development of these new power components. Power system designers frequently find that magnetic materials impose technological limitations on their designs. Compromises are generally required between the desired Performance and the magnetic, mechanical, and electrical properties of available materials. If new materials can operate at ≧ 400 °C, then new advanced designs will be possible. Air-cooling, rather than complicated liquid cooling and its necessary logistics support, will become an operational capability. Likewise, oil-less/lubeless gas turbine engines and space power Systems will be possible.
EVIDENCE FOR NONADAPTIVE EVOLUTION IN PARASITOID VIRULENCE FOLLOWING A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL INTRODUCTION

Biological control systems can evolve; founder effects, drift, inbreeding, and adaptation to new environments can occur during the introduction and establishment of exotic pests and their natural enemies. It has been hypothesized that successful biological control agents are those that become locally adapted to their new environment or populations of hosts. However, there are no explicit comparisons of native and introduced populations of biological control agents testing for local adaptation. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is an introduced pest of legumes. Aphidius ervi, a parasitoid wasp, was introduced from France to control pea aphids. Using reciprocal transplant experiments, I compared introduced populations of pea aphids and A. ervi from New York State with native populations from France. I documented patterns of aphid resistance to parasitism and A. ervi ability to overcome aphid resistance (virulence) in the two localities and explored whether the introduced parasitoids are locally adapted to the introduced pea aphids. I found that parasitoids from native French populations have high rates of parasitism on pea aphids specialized on clover and on pea aphids specialized on alfalfa, regardless of whether the aphids are collected from France or New York. Introduced parasitoids from New York have high rates of parasitism on pea aphids from clover, but low rates of parasitism on pea aphids from either New York or French alfalfa fields. Thus, there is no evidence that the introduced wasps have become adapted to their local populations of pea aphid hosts. On the contrary, the ability of the introduced parasitoids to develop successfully in pea aphids from alfalfa may have been compromised by the biological control introduction. This apparently nonadaptive evolution was cryptic until examined experimentally. A better understanding of the effects of biological control introductions on natural enemies will come through additional comparisons of native and introduced populations of biocontrol agents. Such comparisons may provide valuable insights into the role of microevolutionary change in biological control and suggest useful avenues to enhance the success of biological control introductions.
Ground chia seed and chia oil effects on plasma lipids and fatty acids in the rat

Abstract There is considerable evidence suggesting that regular consumption of ω -3 fatty acids prevents cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Most studies, however, have been carried out with fish oils that are rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid fatty acids, but α –linolenic fatty acid, which is a precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, has received little attention. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect chia seed, which is the highest known vegetative source of α –linolenic fatty acid, has on plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, triacylglycerol content, and fatty acid profile when fed to rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum 3 diets containing equal energy levels derived from corn oil (T 1 ), chia seed (T 2 ), or chia oil (T 3 ) for 4 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, 6 rats from each treatment were used for blood analyses. Blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, HDL, low-density lipoprotein, triacylglycerol content, and fatty acid composition. Rats fed chia showed a significant decrease in serum triacylglycerol content, 3 and 2.5 times lower than the control for T 2 and T 3 , respectively. There was a significant increase in serum HDL cholesterol content, 21.8% and 51% for T 2 and T 3 , respectively, with the increase between chia diets being significant ( P 2 diet compared with the T 3 diet. Serum fatty acid composition showed a significantly higher α –linolenic acid content and an improved ratio of ω -6/ ω -3 fatty acids for T 2 and T 3 compared with T 1 . In summary, the chia diets dramatically decreased triacylglycerol levels and increased HDL cholesterol and ω -3 fatty acid contents in rat serum. These findings suggest that α -linolenic–rich chia oil may be an alternative to ω -3 sources for vegetarians and people allergic to fish and fish products.
Families Matter: Recommendations to Improve Outcomes for Children and Families in Court

The Families Matter initiative was designed as a major, multi-year undertaking to develop legal practice methods and approaches to reduce the destructive consequences of the family legal process. The initiative was intended to respond to the need for deep and meaningful reform of the family law process. Convened in June 2010 by the University of Baltimore School of Law Sayra and Neil Meyerhoff Center for Families, Children and the Courts (CFCC), the Families Matter Symposium brought together an interdisciplinary group of family law experts for two days at the University of Baltimore to identify problems regarding the practice of family law and to make recommendations about promising solutions. The best outcomes for family law cases require a combination of lawyers and mental health professionals, social scientists, mediators, judges, academics, policymakers and financial experts, among others. In addition, Symposium participants acknowledged that the resolution of family law cases must not be “win or lose” and that a major shift in tone is needed. The main question was, “How do we radically transform a family court system from one that disrupts and tears apart families to one that helps heal them?” The Families Matter initiative intended to help develop and support a family justice system with an interdisciplinary, holistic and therapeutic focus; to make a broad range of family and individual services available to separating families; to foster greater use of alternative dispute resolution at the earliest stages of a case; and to encourage training law students, lawyers, judges, and court personnel toward a less adversarial, therapeutic, holistic focus when dealing with family law matters. This report provides a summary and overview of the Symposium discussions and the suggestions for reform that emerged from those discussions.
Absorbing boundary conditions for the vector wave equation

Approximate absorbing boundary conditions for the vector wave equation are developed. These permit a truncation of the computational domain required to accurately model an open-region electromagnetic scattering problem using the finite element method. Details are provided to illustrate the manner in which the boundary conditions can be coupled to a weak form of the vector wave equation.
MAMMOTH (Matching molecular models obtained from theory): An automated method for model comparison

Advances in structural genomics and protein structure prediction require the design of automatic, fast, objective, and well benchmarked methods capable of comparing and assessing the similarity of lowresolution three-dimensional structures, via experimental or theoretical approaches. Here, a new method for sequence-independent structural alignment is presented that allows comparison of an experimental protein structure with an arbitrary low-resolution protein tertiary model. The heuristic algorithm is given and then used to show that it can describe random structural alignments of proteins with different folds with good accuracy by an extreme value distribution. From this observation, a structural similarity score between two proteins or two different conformations of the same protein is derived from the likelihood of obtaining a given structural alignment by chance. The performance of the derived score is then compared with well established, consensus manual-based scores and data sets. We found that the new approach correlates better than other tools with the gold standard provided by a human evaluator. Timings indicate that the algorithm is fast enough for routine use with large databases of protein models. Overall, our results indicate that the new program (MAMMOTH) will be a good tool for protein structure comparisons in structural genomics applications. MAMMOTH is available from our web site at http://physbio.mssm.edu/� ortizg/.
Induction of rat kidney ornithine decarboxylase by nicotinamide without a concomitant increase in DNA synthesis.

Four hours after an i.p. injection of 500 mg/kg nicotinamide, there was a decrease in kidney ODC activity, followed by a substantial increase by 24 h. Exposing rats to 0, 0.67, 6.7 and 30 mM nicotinamide in their drinking water for 7 and 28 days also resulted in a statistically significant increase in kidney ODC activity, but the rates of DNA synthesis were unaffected, as measured by incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and % labeled proximal tubule nuclei; the total amount of DNA/kidney was also unaffected. The results of this investigation demonstrate that nicotinamide, a known renal tumor promoter, was able to induce a significant increase in ODC activity in the rat kidney without a concomitant increase in DNA synthesis, suggesting that early stimulation of ODC is associated with tumor promotion even in the absence of effects on DNA replication.
Survival of Western Cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) in A Pulsing Environment

Abstract We present the first robust estimates of apparent survival of western cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) in central Texas. Estimates presented were obtained using the Cormack–Jolly-Seber Model that accounts for detectability. Apparent annual probability of survival of western cottonmouths located at Honey Creek, Comal County, Texas, a spring-fed stream flowing 3.2 km to its confluence with the Guadalupe River, was 0.81 and was consistent with estimates for similar species of snakes. Despite low probability of detection (0.12) and relatively small sample (n = 51), the estimate of survival was reasonably precise (coefficient of variation was 4%). One benefit of our study is that we used a long-term dataset (11 years) that encompassed multiple floods and droughts, and therefore, represents a relatively wide range of conditions to which western cottonmouths are exposed at this locality.
Stress Doses of Glucocorticoids Cannot Prevent Progression of All Adrenal Crises

Adrenal crises (ACs) sometimes progress rapidly and can be fatal. The aims of the present study were to reveal whether stress doses of glucocorticoids (SDGs) can prevent progression of severe ACs and to suggest a method of prevention, through analysis of its clinical features. We studied 24 severe ACs (nine patients) that occurred after diagnosis of primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency, retrospectively. The following information was analyzed: 1) whether SDGs were given orally and/or sc; 2) duration from the time when some symptoms started to the time when the patient came to the hospital; and 3) presence of hypoglycemia and electrolyte disturbance (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia). Eleven crises occurred after taking SDGs. Ten crises progressed within 3 h. Six of these ten crises progressed to severe ACs despite the fact that the patients took SDGs. Six crises were observed in association with hypoglycemia, and five of these six crises occurred in patients under 5 yr of age. Three of the six crises in association with hypoglycemia progressed to ACs within 3 h. Two of the three crises progressed to severe status within 3 h despite the fact that the patients took SDGs. Electrolyte disturbance was observed in only one crisis. In conclusion, SDGs cannot prevent progression of all ACs. Progression can be associated with hypoglycemia, particularly in patients under 5 yr of age. Patients should be given guidance on an ongoing basis on how to prevent ACs and hypoglycemia.
Non-linearities in returns to participation in Grameen Bank programs

Abstract This paper studies the benefits of participation in micro-finance programs, where benefits are measured in terms of the ability to smooth the effect of seasonal shocks that cause consumption fluctuations. It is shown that although membership in these programs is an effective instrument in combating inter-seasonal consumption differences, there is a threshold level of length of participation beyond which benefits begin to diminish. Returns from membership are modelled using an Euler equation approach. Fixed effects non-linear least squares estimation of parameters using data from 24 villages of the Grameen Bank suggests that returns to participation, as measured by the ability to smooth seasonal shocks, begin to decline after approximately two years of membership. This implies that membership alone no longer has a mitigating marginal effect on seasonal shocks to per capita consumption after four years of participation. Such patterns suggest that the ability to smooth consumption as a function of l...
Delinquent Gangs and Adolescent Victimization Revisited: A Propensity Score Matching Approach

Adolescents in delinquent gangs are at risk for multiple forms of antisocial behavior and related negative outcomes, including victimization. Theoretical attempts to explain the delinquency-gang nexus include selection, facilitation, and enhancement models, but each has limitations in terms of selection biases. To redress this, the current study used propensity score matching (PSM) to evaluate the effects of gang membership on victimization at two time points using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The most antisocial youths and those with more delinquency victimization were more likely to join gangs, which supports the selection model. In support of the enhancement model, the authors found that after controlling for selection effects using PSM, gang membership maintained a significant predictive relationship with victimization measured contemporaneously and longitudinally. Membership in a gang increases youths' chances of being victimized above and beyond personal characteristics, and the deleterious gang effect does not weaken over time.
Nurse Educator Simulation: Preparing Faculty for Clinical Nurse Educator Roles

Abstract Simulation use continues to expand in nursing education, specifically at the undergraduate level. Graduate nursing students can also benefit from simulation activities. Faculty need to consider the use of simulation to help graduate nursing students enrolled in clinical nurse educator programs learn how to address clinical teaching issues. Graduate nurse educator students' exposure to clinical teaching issues may be limited; therefore, simulation provides a realistic, safe environment for students to practice the development of the teacher role. This manuscript provides ideas for planning, implementation, and suggestions for simulation technology use in the training of nurse educators for their role in clinical teaching.
Experiences with just-in-time teaching in systems and design courses

I report on my experiences with Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) in two systems courses and two design courses as a new instructor at a small liberal arts college. My purposes are threefold: to further raise awareness of JiTT in the computer science education community, to show instructors can achieve JiTT's goals with simple technology and preparation on the fly, and to consider strengths and limitations of the approach, particularly for new faculty. My experience has been very positive: classes have been fun, engaging, and conversational. Students have reported that they come to class better prepared and appreciate the opportunity to ask and discuss questions before class. Where others have warned of the high workload with this approach, my experience is that the workload is reasonable compared to preparing a new course from scratch; the approach discourages some types of overpreparation. For these reasons, I would recommend the approach for other new instructors.
Drinking from both glasses: combining pessimistic and optimistic tracking of cross-thread dependences

It is notoriously challenging to develop parallel software systems that are both scalable and correct. Runtime support for parallelism---such as multithreaded record & replay, data race detectors, transactional memory, and enforcement of stronger memory models---helps achieve these goals, but existing commodity solutions slow programs substantially in order to track (i.e., detect or control) an execution's cross-thread dependences accurately. Prior work tracks cross-thread dependences either "pessimistically," slowing every program access, or "optimistically," allowing for lightweight instrumentation of most accesses but dramatically slowing accesses involved in cross-thread dependences.This paper seeks to hybridize pessimistic and optimistic tracking, which is challenging because there exists a fundamental mismatch between pessimistic and optimistic tracking. We address this challenge based on insights about how dependence tracking and program synchronization interact, and introduce a novel approach called hybrid tracking. Hybrid tracking is suitable for building efficient runtime support, which we demonstrate by building hybrid-tracking-based versions of a dependence recorder and a region serializability enforcer. An adaptive, profile-based policy makes runtime decisions about switching between pessimistic and optimistic tracking. Our evaluation shows that hybrid tracking enables runtime support to overcome the performance limitations of both pessimistic and optimistic tracking alone.
Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Untreated and Pretreated Alfalfa Cake to Produce Ethanol

The use of lignocellulosic biomass to produce biofuel will add value to land and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by replacing petroleum products. Valuable co-products derived from fractionation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) give the resulting fibrous fraction an economic advantage as a feedstock for ethanol production. Freshly harvested alfalfa was dewatered using centrifugation and filtration, whereby alfalfa is separated into a fiber-rich cake and a nutrient-rich juice. Alfalfa solids was pretreated with alkaline soaking (1, 4, and 7 %) at room temperature to evaluate the effects on cellulose digestibility. The production of cellulosic ethanol from alfalfa fibers were investigated by this work using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). Results show the alkali pretreatment was able to effectively increase cellulosic digestibility of alfalfa solids. A maximal glucose yield of 61 % was obtained with filtered solids with 1 % NaOH pretreatment. The filtration process resulted in a solid fraction with a higher cellulose digestibility, which leads to a higher ethanol production.
Nurse-driven intravenous heparin protocol: quality improvement initiative.

BACKGROUND Safe use of intravenous heparin is an important safety goal. OBJECTIVE To improve the quality of intravenous heparin use. METHODS A pre-post intervention design assessed the number of patients who reached a therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), time to aPTT goal, and complications. Fifty traditional care patients were compared with 50 nurse-driven intravenous heparin protocol patients. The data were used to assess the effectiveness of a developed intervention package to improve the quality of intravenous heparin use. RESULTS Sixteen percent of the preintervention group never reached the therapeutic goal compared with 8% in the postintervention group (P < .05). Mean time to achieve first therapeutic aPTT was 18.6 hours in the preintervention group compared with 15.2 hours in the postintervention group (P = .33). Neither group noted complications. CONCLUSIONS The multidisciplinary team approach produced improved patient care outcomes and important lessons for improving the quality of intravenous heparin use.
Virginia Satir: “A Woman and a Social Worker Beholden to No One”

Acornerstone of Virginia Satir's model for working with couples is her belief in the equality of value of individuals. This emphasis on equality distinguishes her model of therapy from the family therapy models developed by her male contemporaries such as Bowen, Minuchin and Haley whose work emerged simultaneously with Satir's. This article suggests that a possible explanation for this distinguishing characteristic lies in the influences of the societal context in which Satir was embedded. This context was one of patriarchy in which men were socially, economically, professionally and politically dominant. Satir lived as a professional woman in a man's world, at a time when professional women were anomalies. It is quite possible that her experiences as a woman within this societal context influenced the development of her thinking about relationships and of her therapeutic approach. Her responses to these influences inform and enrich our work with couples and in turn impact the larger contexts in ...
The Leadership of Florence Wald: Listening to the Voices of the Early Hospice Founders and Colleagues:

This qualitative study investigated the transformational leadership of Florence Wald who brought hospice care to the United States in the 1970s using the constructs of the transformational leadership model of Burns (1978). A single case study design was chosen to conduct an in-depth exploration of Florence Wald's transformational leadership and the perceptions of the group of founders organized to conceptualize, build, and open the first hospice in the United States. This research also examined documents from The Florence and Henry Wald Archives in the Yale University Library. The findings showed that Florence Wald based her leadership on strong values and a shared vision. To encourage a high level of participation, Wald demonstrated a caring component in her leadership and engaged in mentoring. A conclusion of this study is that Wald was successful in creating a culture of inquiry among the Founders which served to drive evidence-based decision making to improve the quality of palliative care in the Unit...
Anterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy for cervical intervertebral disc herniation: outcome, complications, and technique.

Study DesignClinical study of percutaneous endoscopic surgery for cervical intervertebral disc herniation (CHIVD).ObjectivesOur aim was to evaluate the efficacy of anterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy (APECD), previously known as percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy, for CHIVD
Protein sequestration of lipophilic furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice.

The sequestration of grapefruit furanocoumarins by foods was investigated by characterizing the binding between these compounds and foods with contrasting protein, fat, and carbohydrate compositions. Individual grapefruit furanocoumarins exhibited contrasting affinities to foods, where the lipophilic bergamottin and several structurally related dimers bound to foods more tightly than the more polar 6′,7′-dihydroxybergamottin. From the investigation of different classes of macromolecules in foods, water-soluble proteins were found to be the major constituents responsible for furanocoumarin sequestration. Studies using bovine serum albumin as a model protein demonstrated the dissociation of grapefruit furanocoumarins from the insoluble juice cloud particles and the subsequent formation of water-soluble bovine serum albumin–furanocoumarin complexes. Fluorescence binding assays further demonstrated the binding of bergamottin and 6′,7′-dihydroxybergamottin to bovine serum albumin. These results demonstrate tha...
Five New Species of Chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) from Papua New Guinea

Five new species of chiggers, Guntheria sabinae, Guntheria buelowi, Guntheria pectinata, Schoengastia bicoxalae , and Odonlacarus mitchelli , are described from birds and mammals collected in Papua New Guinea.
Development of the intelligent graphs for everyday risky decisions tutor

ix Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Graph Comprehension 2 Measuring Graph Literacy. 6 Benefits of Understanding Graphs. 8 Improving Graph Comprehension 9 Intelligent Tutors. 12 Current Research 15 Chapter 2: Methods and Results 16 Phase 1: Individual Differences and Task Difficulty 17 Study 1: SelectionGL. 17 Study 2: LyingGL. 25 Study 3: DesignGL and Task Difficulty. 30 Phase 2: iGERD Effectiveness and User Experience Testing 40 Implementation Structure 40 Hypotheses. 45 viii DEVELOPMENT OF THE GERD TUTOR Design and participants. 47 Materials. 47 Procedure. 50 Results and Discussion. 51 Chapter 3: Discussion 57 References 61 Appendix A: Item Analysis of Study 3 73 Appendix B: Bootstrap Analysis of Phase 2 81 DEVELOPMENT OF THE GERD TUTOR ix
Generation of remotely sensed reference data using low altitude, high spatial resolution hyperspectral imagery

Exploitation of imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral) data using classification and spectral unmixing algorithms is a major research area in remote sensing, with reference data required to assess algorithm performance. However, we are limited by our inability to generate rapid, accurate, and consistent reference data, thus making quantitative algorithm analysis difficult. As a result, many investigators present either limited quantitative results, use synthetic imagery, or provide qualitative results using real imagery. Existing reference data typically classify large swaths of imagery pixel-by-pixel, per cover type. While this type of mapping provides a first order understanding of scene composition, it is not detailed enough to include complexities such as mixed pixels, intra-end-member variability, and scene anomalies. The creation of more detailed ground reference data based on field work, on the other hand, is complicated by the spatial scale of common hyperspectral data sets. This research presents a solution to this challenge via classification of low altitude, high spatial resolution (1m GSD) National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) hyperspectral imagery, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, to produce sub-pixel reference data for high altitude, lower spatial resolution (15m GSD) AVIRIS imagery. This classification is performed using traditional classification techniques, augmented by (0.3m GSD) NEON RGB data. This paper provides a methodology for generating large scale, sub-pixel reference data for AVIRIS imagery using NEON imagery. It also addresses challenges related to the fusion of multiple remote sensing modalities (e.g., different sensors, sensor look angles, spatial registration, varying scene illumination, etc.). A new algorithm for spatial registration of hyperspectral imagery with disparate resolutions is presented. Several versions of reference data results are compared to each other and to direct spectral unmixing of AVIRIS data. Initial results are promising, with ground based surveying required to quantify the accuracy of remotely sensed reference data."
Reproductive Emergencies in the Stallion

Topics addressed in this article include complications of castration, scrotal and inguinal hernias, torsion of the spermatic cord, traumatic injuries to the external genitalia, and posthumous collection of spermatozoa. A concise overview of the clinical management of emergency cases is provided.
Multicriteria Optimization Problems in Statistics

Many statistical procedures can be viewed as solutions of optimization problems. A careful and detailed analysis of these procedures reveals that many of these problems are essentially multiobjective optimization problems. Further, most of the standard statistical procedures aim at finding an efficient (nondominated) solution.
Developing Electronic Health Record Algorithms That Accurately Identify Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objective To study systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the electronic health record (EHR), we must accurately identify patients with SLE. Our objective was to develop and validate novel EHR algorithms that use International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), Clinical Modification codes, laboratory testing, and medications to identify SLE patients. Methods We used Vanderbilt's Synthetic Derivative, a de-identified version of the EHR, with 2.5 million subjects. We selected all individuals with at least 1 SLE ICD-9 code (710.0), yielding 5,959 individuals. To create a training set, 200 subjects were randomly selected for chart review. A subject was defined as a case if diagnosed with SLE by a rheumatologist, nephrologist, or dermatologist. Positive predictive values (PPVs) and sensitivity were calculated for combinations of code counts of the SLE ICD-9 code, a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA), ever use of medications, and a keyword of “lupus” in the problem list. The algorithms with the highest PPV were each internally validated using a random set of 100 individuals from the remaining 5,759 subjects. Results The algorithm with the highest PPV at 95% in the training set and 91% in the validation set was 3 or more counts of the SLE ICD-9 code, ANA positive (≥1:40), and ever use of both disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and steroids, while excluding individuals with systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis ICD-9 codes. Conclusion We developed and validated the first EHR algorithm that incorporates laboratory values and medications with the SLE ICD-9 code to identify patients with SLE accurately.
Determining the Power and Energy Capacity of a Battery Energy Storage System Utilizing a Smoothing Feeder Profile to Accommodate High Photovoltaic Penetration on a Distribution Feeder

Electricity is a perishable commodity; once it is generated it needs to be consumed or stored. Electric energy storage provides both power and energy capacity. Power capacity applications reduce the need for generation, while energy capacity allows for energy consumption to be decoupled from generation. Previous research was done to develop an algorithm for determining the power (MW) and energy (MWh) capacities of a battery energy storage system (BESS) to mitigate the adverse impacts of high levels of photovoltaic (PV) generation. The algorithm used a flat feeder profile, and its performance was demonstrated on the equinoxes and solstices. Managing feeder power leads to fewer voltage fluctuations along the length of the feeder, potentially mitigating load management issues caused by variability of renewable generation and load profile. These issues include lighting flicker, compressor seizing, equipment shut-off, loss of motor torque (τ ∝ V), frequent transformer tap changes and even voltage collapse due to loss of reactive power support (Q ∝ V). The research described in this thesis builds on this algorithm by incorporating a smoothed feeder profile and testing it over an entire year. Incorporating a smoothing function reduces the requisite BESS energy capacity necessary to provide firming and shaping to accommodate the stochastic nature of PV. Specifically, this method is used to conduct a year-long study on a per second basis, as well as a one-minute basis, for a distribution feeder. Statistical i analytical methods were performed to develop recommendations for appropriately sizing the BESS. This method may be used to determine the amount of PV generation that could be installed on a distribution feeder with a minimal investment in the BESS power and energy capacities that would be required to manage the distribution feeder power. Results are presented for PV penetration levels of 10%-50% of the distribution feeder capacity and show that the use of a smooth feeder profile reduces the required energy capacity by a minimum factor of 10 when compared to a flat feeder profile. Results indicated that it is sufficient to have a one-minute sampling rate, as it provides the necessary granularity to model cloud-induced fluctuations. This method can be applied to any distribution feeder where a load profile and a PV profile are available.
Computing topological indices of the line graphs of Banana tree graph and Firecracker graph

n this paper, we compute first Zagreb index (coindex), second Zagreb index (coindex), third Zagreb index, first hyper-Zagreb index, atom-bond connectivity index, fourth atom-bond connectivity index, sum connectivity index, Randi´c connectivity index, augmented Zagreb index, Sanskruti index, geometric-arithmetic connectivity index and fifth geometricarithmetic connectivity index of the line graphs of Banana tree graph and Firecracker graph.
Defining "significant weight loss" in atypical anorexia nervosa.

Objective Atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) is defined by the symptoms of anorexia nervosa in the presence of "significant weight loss" in individuals who are not underweight. Description of current weight in AAN has been limited, significant weight loss has not been defined, and the distinction between having AAN versus having weight suppression has not been examined. Method Secondary analyses were conducted with data from an epidemiological study of women (n = 1,640) and men (n = 794). Three definitions of significant weight loss (5, 10, and 15%) for AAN were tested in comparisons with controls and a DSM-5 eating disorder group (DSM-5 ED) on measures of eating pathology and clinical significance using ANCOVA and logistic regression, controlling for age and body mass index. Secondary analyses compared AAN to a weight suppressed group (WS-only) and a cognitive concerns group (COG-only). Results Across weight loss thresholds, ≥25% of adults with AAN were currently overweight/obese. At the 5% and 10% definitions, AAN was associated with elevated eating pathology and distress relative to controls, WS-only, and COG-only in women and men. Women with AAN endorsed less eating pathology and distress than DSM-5 ED at some weight loss definitions, whereas men with AAN did not differ from DSM-5 ED in eating pathology or distress. Discussion Results support that even a 5% weight loss, combined with cognitive concerns, may produce a group with a clinically significant eating disorder. AAN was observed in both healthy weight and overweight/obese adults, highlighting the importance of screening for restrictive eating disorders at all weights.
Hydrodynamic flows of non-Fermi liquids: Magnetotransport and bilayer drag

We consider a hydrodynamic description of transport for generic two dimensional electron systems that lack Galilean invariance and do not fall into the category of Fermi liquids. We study magnetoresistance and show that it is governed only by the electronic viscosity provided that the wavelength of the underlying disorder potential is large compared to the microscopic equilibration length. We also derive the Coulomb drag transresistance for double-layer non-Fermi liquid systems in the hydrodynamic regime. As an example, we consider frictional drag between two quantum Hall states with half-filled lowest Landau levels, each described by a Fermi surface of composite fermions coupled to a $U(1)$ gauge field. We contrast our results to prior calculations of drag of Chern-Simons composite particles and place our findings in the context of available experimental data.
104 Alcohol-control policies and health-related outcomes in youth in low- and middle-income countries

Statement of Purpose Young people are at increased risk for negative health outcomes resulting from alcohol use, but are an overall understudied demographic. As alcohol use continues to rise in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), it’s important to understand how this group drinks, what negative outcomes they are experiencing, types of policies effective at reducing negative outcomes, and whether effective policies are the same as in high-income countries (HICs), where the majority of research has been completed. Methods Two data sources, the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) and the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH), are used in multilevel modelling to explore associations between eight alcohol control policies from GISAH (availability restrictions, advertising restrictions, drink-driving interventions, and pricing regulations) and youth alcohol consumption (categorised as no reported current drinking/current drinking without binge drinking/current binge drinking) and negative consequences (lifetime drunkenness, lifetime alcohol-related trouble with your family or friends, missed school, or got into fights) in at least 21 LMIC countries. Results/Conclusions Results from this dissertation research will be used to answer the following questions: (1) How are each of the following policies’“availability restrictions, advertising restrictions, drink-driving interventions, and pricing regulations’“associated with patterns of drinking and with alcohol-related injury and harm among youth? and (2) Can we identify combinations of these policies that have greater associations with patterns of drinking and alcohol-related injury and harm among youth? Significance Policies addressing alcohol production, distribution, and access can be very effective in reducing morbidity and mortality from alcohol use. As alcohol use among young people and in LMICs increases, it is important to understand which policies are most effective and should guide implementation.
Seborrheic Keratoses, Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra, and Dermatofibromas

Seborrheic keratoses (SKs) are among the most common benign skin lesions seen in the general population. SKs are such a common incidental skin finding that epidemiological studies are lacking. These lesions typically present as early as the 1930s but become more common with advancing age. Dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) is felt to be a subset of seborrheic keratosis as they share common features on microscopic examination. DPNs are seen more commonly in darker-skinned persons, including those of African descent, Hispanics, and Asians. Similar to SKs they have a familial tendency and become more frequent with advancing age. The etiology of these benign lesions is unknown. Although they are harmless, they often are of cosmetic concern to the patient.