cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a two-step, non-probed multiplex real-time PCR for surveilling Vibrio anguillarum in seawater.

Vibrio anguillarum is an aggressive and halophilic bacterial pathogen most commonly originating from seawater. Vibrio anguillarum presence in fisheries and aquaculture facilities causes significant morbidity and mortality among aquaculture species primarily from haemorrhaging of the body and skin of the infected fish that eventually leads to death, collectively recognized as the disease vibriosis. This study served to develop a non-probe, multiplex real-time PCR assay to rapidly detect V. anguillarum presence in seawater. Specific primers targeting genes vah1, empA and rpoN of V. anguillarum were selected for multiplex reaction among 11 different primer sets and the extension step was eliminated. Primer concentration, denaturation time as well as annealing time and temperature of DNA amplification were optimized, thus reducing reaction duration. The two-step, non-probed multiplex real-time PCR set forth by this study detects as little as 3 CFU mL−1 of V. anguillarum presence in sea water, without enrichment cultivation, in 70 min with molecular precision and includes melting curve confirmation.
Crystal structures of bis(L(-)prolinato-N)(trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) and bis(L(-)prolinato-N)-(cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) complexes

Abstract The molecular structures of the compounds bis( L (-)prolinato-N)(trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) and bis( L (-)prolinato-N)(cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) have been established by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The average plane of the cyclohexane ring of the cis-DACH is nearly perpendicular to the PtN4 plane, while the ring of the trans-R,R-DACH is nearly coplanar with PtN4. Two prolinate ligands are bound to the platinum through amino nitrogen atoms. Crystallographic details: bis( L (-)prolinato-N)(trans-R,R-1,2- diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II): space group P212121 (orthorhombic), a = 10.301(2), b = 12.364(2), c = 17.920(4) A, Z = 4, R = 0.019; bis( L (-)prolinato-N)(cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II): space group P212121 (orthorhombic), a = 11.496(5), b = 12.918(6), c = 16.527(9) A, Z = 4, R = 0.040.
Embedding computation in one-dimensional automata by phase coding solitons

It is shown that some kind of meaningful computation can be embedded in very simple, microscopically homogeneous, one-dimensional automata, and in particular filter automata with a parity next-state rule. A systematic procedure is given for generating moving, periodic structures (particles). These particles exhibit soliton-like properties; that is, they often pass through one another with phase shifts. Ways to encode information in the phase of these particles are discussed. The search for useful logical operations is reduced to a search for paths in certain graphs. As a demonstration of principle, the details of implementing a carry-ripple adder are given. >
How Cultural Tastes Shape Personal Networks

This article examines the relationship between different forms of cultural taste and the density of social contacts across alternative types of network relations classified by average tie strength. The author builds on Bourdieu's ([1986] 2001) classic statement on the “forms of capital” (economic, social, and cultural) and the conversion dynamics among them, and on DiMaggio's (1987) connection between cultural tastes and sociability. He hypothesizes that (1) in addition to cultural tastes being determined by network relations, cultural tastes are used to form and sustain those networks. Furthermore he expects that (2) highbrow culture taste will be less likely to be converted into social capital beyond immediate strong-tie circles due to its more restricted, “assetspecific” nature. Because of its generalized appeal, taste for popular culture will be more likely to be associated with weak-tie network density. The results broadly support these hypotheses: a model that specifies an effect of culture on netwo...
The Roots of Modern Writing Instruction: Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Britain.

The freshman composition course is a peculiarly American institution not shared by modern British or European universities. This study grew out of an attempt to understand why rhetoric fell from favor in the British universities during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and why composition, as an English course, failed to develop. It is the purpose of this study to examine writing instruction in the British universities in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in order to understand such developments.2 Writing instruction within any society is subject to social and political influences, and nowhere is this more true than in eighteenth- and nineteenthcentury Britain, that territory that encompassed England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. In addition, strong religious movements and a special linguistic situation during this period shaped where and how writing was taught. The eighteenth century in Britain was a period of transition as the agricultural population migrated to the cities in large numbers. Industrialization was rapid. Between 1700 and 1800, England saw the rise of the industrial centers of Manchester and Liverpool, while Scotland changed from a poor agricultural society to a relatively industrialized one with an increase in population from 84,000 to 500,000 during the nineteenth century. Preparatory schools and universities were not available or adequate. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, England had two universities, Oxford and Cambridge. Although Scotland had four well-established universities, Ireland had one, and Wales none. The eighteenth century was also a period of upward mobility, and "good English" became a rung on the ladder. With economic stability established, the large and powerful merchant class and those aspiring to better themselves saw education in general, and language in particular, as one of the ways to move up. In response, the school teachers and grammarians, with a strong belief in rationality and rules, set out to standardize the language, firm in the beliefs that change was a sign of deterioration and that Latin was the standard by which all languages should be measured. During the period there was also a rise in nationalism, which resulted in a new reverence for English language and literature. Although men and
Analogical Reasoning and the case of Accounting for Cashback Programs in the Casino Industry

Abstract The primary objective of this instructional case is to develop students' analogical reasoning skills. This objective is accomplished by directing the students to resolve an actual accounting issue involving an unstructured, open-ended, and real situation for which there are no specific authoritative pronouncements. To resolve the issue, students must draw upon and apply their knowledge and understanding of accounting principles as embodied in GAAP. Students are likely to disagree on the proper accounting treatment to be used in this situation. Therefore, the case can also be used to expose them to issues arising in the context of resolving disagreements in a group setting.
The effects of laminin on the growth and differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells in defined media

In this paper we have examined the growth and differentiation of the embryonal carcinoma cell line, F9, in the defined medium EM-3 at low density. We show that the growth of F9 and their differentiated cells (F9-diff) in EM-3 is strongly density dependent. At low cell densities the growth of both cell types is severely limited and most of the cells do not survive. Although this poses a problem for working with F9 and F9-diff in EM-3, it provides a convenient assay for identifying molecules that support their growth at low density. Using this assay, we have determined that laminin, a newly isolated glycoprotein of basement membranes, significantly improves the growth and short-term survival of both F9 and F9-diff. However, addition of laminin to EM-3 is insufficient to promote the clonal growth of these cell types. Our findings also indicate that laminin promotes the attachment of F9 and F9-diff in defined media. On the basis of our results, we propose an attachment function for laminin during the early stages of mammalian development.
Effect of coagulation on the size of MF and UF membrane foulants.

Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) have become common water treatment technologies for the removal of particles from natural waters. Many water utilities are now integrating MF/UF with o...
Sector choice, multiple job holding and wage differentials: Evidence from Poland

This article uses data from Poland to investigate the role played by wage differentials, between the public and private sectors, in influencing sector choice and the decision to moonlight. Standardising for worker characteristics and allowing for sector selection effects, we find (i) a substantial private sector wage premium, (ii) wage differentials are a significant determinant of sector choice, and (iii) the desire to moonlight is particularly strong among those who face the greatest wage gap, that is, university educated employees.
Reliability of Upper Quadrant Posture Analysis Using an Ultrasound-based Three-dimensional Motion Analyzer

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of upper quadrant posture analysis using an ultrasound-based three-dimensional motion analyzer. [Subjects] Subjects were 72 healthy young adults. [Methods] Neck inclination angle formed by a line connecting C7 and the tragus with a horizontal line, angle of the shoulder formed by a line connecting C7 and the acromial angle with a horizontal line, and cranial rotation angle formed by a line connecting the tragus and corner of the eye with a horizontal line were measured using an ultrasound-based three-dimensional motion analyzer. Intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of two testers, standard error of measurements, minimal detectable change at the 95% confidence level, and systematic bias were evaluated. [Results] Intra-class correlation coefficients (1,1) were 0.65 to 0.82. Intra-class correlation coefficients (2,1) were 0.76 to 0.82. High measurement error was found in the cranial rotation angle. Fixed bias was found for the angle of the shoulder in the inter-rater reliability. [Conclusion] Posture analysis using an ultrasound-based three-dimensional motion analyzer appears useful for assessing neck inclination angle and the angle of the shoulder in individuals, and cranial rotation angle in patient groups.
Conformation of the lecithin molecule with attached water molecules

CNDO/2 studies on the conformation of the α chain of lecithin indicated a strong preference for a gauche-gauche arrangement about the phosphodiester group. Folding the α chain about and α4 was energetically very favorable. Hydration of the same segment revealed three levels of water-binding energies. The ion-dipole interactions of water and the choline moiety were energetically non-substantial. In contrast, binding of water to the unesterified phosphate oxygens produced the highest enthalpies. Attachment of water to the esterified phosphate oxygens or the ester oxygens of the β chain resulted in intermediate binding strengths. By investigating complete incorporation of nine water molecules into a chosen lipid structure, a plausible lecithin-water geometry was deduced for a liquid crystalline system.
An IT and GIS exploration of web-based nature tourism enterprises in the rural agricultural sector in Texas

This paper addresses the role of IT in facilitating economic diversification for rural agricultural enterprises in Texas. The development of Texas INFRONT, an innovative database that acts as a clearinghouse of information for enterprises, is described. GIS mapping and analysis was applied as an innovative investigative tool to examine the relationship between a changing economic environment and the rise of online nature tourism businesses by rural producers. Spatial analysis for clusters and dispersions of nature tourism businesses using the internet was conducted. This revealed a variety of phenomena such as the concentration of nature tourism enterprises around urban centres. The results indicate that GIS-based spatial modelling informed by theoretical frameworks such as cultural ecology, while not common in the field of tourism research, can reveal important information about IT innovation and use by rural producers diversifying into nature tourism enterprises supported by the web, under conditions of economic hardship.
Diabetic thoracic radiculopathy: an unusual cause of post-thoracotomy pain

Persistent pain is common following thoracotomy. A 64-year-old retired electrician with Type 2 diabetes presented with chest wall and abdominal pain 3 months following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Postoperatively the patient had suffered pain despite a functioning thoracic epidural catheter. Following investigation, his persistent pain was due to diabetic thoracic radiculopathy (DTR). The disorder is characterized by pain, sensory loss, abdominal and thoracic muscle weakness in patients with diabetes. As in this patient, the pain and sensory loss usually resolve within one year after onset. The disorder may be distinguished from intercostal neuralgia based upon clinical and electromyographic features.
A bibliometric analysis of collaboration in a medical specialty

Investigating the relationships found in the documentation of a subject field is one method of examining the communication taking place in that field. Bibliometrics provides an objective method for this type of investigation. Coauthorship, while intuitively seeming to indicate strong communication links, nevertheless has been shown to produce graphical structures that vary with changes in threshold. Having determined that clustering structure does exist in the data, preferred partitions are identified as those least likely to have occurred by chance. Further analysis is made to test that the preferred or “meaningful” structures produced from the coauthor relationship do indeed correspond with empirical evidence of “meaning”. A small dataset of 371 authors and 550 coauthor pairs is used to investigate correspondence between experimental structures and empirical evidence. Results show that components of the experimental structures are largely consistent with subject content groups as determined by index terms. Geographic focus accounts for about half the cases showing term overlap. Hence, we have some evidence that bibliometric structures determined from the coauthor relationship may be consistent with networks of communication. If this continues to be documented by further research, bibliometric analysis of coauthor relationships found in the scholarly communication of a subject area can become a basic tool for communication research.
Conditions when anisotropy is negligible for solute transfer in sediment beds of lakes or streams

Abstract To reduce the complexity and save computation time, an isotropic and a scalar dispersion model are explored and compared to the anisotropic advection/dispersion model to study the interstitial flow in a stream and lake sediment induced by a periodic pressure wave. In these systems, the solute transport is controlled by the ratio ( R = a /( LS )) of the pressure wave steepness ( a / L ) to the stream slope ( S ), and the dispersivity ratio ( λ = α L / L ) that measures the longitudinal dispersivity ( α L ) relative to the pressure wave length ( L ). Through a series of numerical experiments, the conclusion is reached that a scalar dispersion model can be applied with satisfactory results for advection-dominated transport, i.e. when R ⩽ 0.1 and λ ⩽ 0.01, or λ ⩽ 0.0001, i.e. Peclet number ( Pe ) ⩾ 10000; an isotropic dispersion model can be applied when R ⩽ 10 or λ ⩽ 0.001, and the full anisotropic advection/dispersion model has to be applied when R > 10 and λ > 0.001.
T‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia mimicking dermatomyositis

A 57-year-old man was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) during routine hematologic evaluation. Two months later, the patient developed a mildly pruritic periorbital eruption and erythematous plaques in a photosensitive distribution. A skin biopsy at an outside institution showed nonspecific histopathologic changes. The patient was diagnosed with amyopathic dermatomyositis and treated with prednisone 1 mg/kg/day with no improvement. The patient was subsequently admitted to our institution for CLL chemotherapy. Physical examination on admission revealed bilateral, violaceous, nonblanching periorbital plaques (Fig. 1A)and symmetric erythematous plaques with mottled hypo- and hyperpigmentation on the shoulders, proximal arms (Fig. 1B), and upper chest (Fig. 1C). Periungual erythema was noted. Muscle strength was normal. Laboratory examination was significant for a white cell count of 33,700/mm3 with 78% lymphocytes, a hematocrit of 25.8%, and a platelet count of 25,000/mm3. The lymphocytes were almost exclusively CD4 T cells expressing CD2, CD3, CD5, and CD7. Electrolytes, liver function tests, creatine kinase, aldolase, antinuclear antibodies, and anti-Jo antibodies were normal or negative. Several biopsies of the plaques on the arms were obtained. Histopathology revealed leukemic infiltration of the skin with monoclonal T lymphocytes positive for CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, and CD7 ( Fig. 2). Steroids were discontinued. The patient died a week later from toxic epidermal necrolysis secondary to allopurinol. Figure 1. Clinical findings included periorbital violaceous plaques mimicking a heliotrope eruption (a) and poikilodermatous-appearing plaques on the lateral arms (b) and upper chest (c) Figure 2. Histopathology of a biopsy from the arm revealing dense dermal leukemic infiltrates with periadnexal accentuation Download figure to PowerPoint
Are collections sets

The concept of a collection plays key roles in library, museum, and archival practice, and is arguably fundamental to information organization systems in general. Locating collection concepts in a reasonably robust ontology should have a number of practical advantages, including revealing inferencing opportunities and supporting consistency and coherence in system design and modeling. Although research practices involving collections have been studied empirically there has been surprisingly little attention given to the formal analysis of the concept itself, or to related notions like collection membership. With this paper we hope to convene that discussion, beginning with the question: Are collections sets? We consider in detail the substantial arguments against collections being a kind of set, but argue that at least one version of that claim cannot yet be ruled out. As ontology decisions, both practical and theoretical, are often more a matter of weighing competing considerations than making decisive arguments, progress on this question will probably require the comparison of alternative theories. We invite the information science community to join us in exploring the possibilities.
Modelling agricultural nitrous oxide emissions for large regions

We evaluated the use of the ''DeNitrification DeComposition'' (DNDC) model to estimate variation in N"2O emissions from agriculture for large geographic areas, using maize production in the United States as an example. We address practical and methodological issues, including how much model spin-up time is necessary; whether to run the model in ''site'' or ''regional'' mode; the importance of considering crop rotations; and the contribution of ''background emissions'' (emissions that occur when no crop is grown). We conclude that: 1) Spin-up time of 5-10 years may be sufficient to achieve steady-state N"2O fluxes in many cases, 2) results between ''site'' and ''regional'' mode can differ greatly; 3) ''Site'' mode is preferable to ''regional'' mode as its use is more transparent and flexible, 4) Crop rotations have a modest, but observable effect on modeled emissions from US maize, 5) Background emissions, while generally low, can be very high in certain locations and should thus be considered.
Some invariant subspaces for subnormal operators

A theorem of D.E. Sarason is used to show that all subnormal operators have nontrivial invariant subspaces if some very special subnormal operators have them. It is then shown that these special subnormal operators as well as certain other operators do in fact have nontrivial invariant subspaces.
Use of generalized inverses in a renal optimization problem

The inverse problem in kidney modeling is a severely under determined problem. Imposing a smoothing condition on the basic variables and realistic bounds on the parameters, leads to a constrained minimization problem. A method to solve this problem by a generalized inverse algorithm is given. Computational results are given showing the significance of the smoothing condition.
Long-term Student Outcomes of the Integrated Nutrition and Physical Activity Program

Abstract Objective To examine the long-term effects of the Integrated Nutrition and Physical Activity Program (INPAP), a school-based nutrition education program. Design Quasi-experimental design comparing intervention and comparison cohorts at 3–6 years after delivery of the INPAP intervention on nutrition- and physical activity–related outcomes. Setting This study was conducted in 1 school district in a low-income rural county of ∼15,000 residents in south-central Colorado. Participants In second grade, intervention and comparison cohorts included 173 (fall 2000) and 190 (fall 1999) students, respectively. Approximately 60% of these students completed assessments in eighth grade. Interventions INPAP is an experiential school-based nutrition education program, grounded in social cognitive theory and Piaget's cognitive development theory and adapted for use in a rural setting. Outcomes Nutrition and physical activity knowledge, self-efficacy, attitudes and behaviors, body mass index. Analysis Wilcoxon signed rank test, chi-square test for proportions, and t test for means. Results Long-term effects were observed in nutrition-related knowledge and attitudes but not self-efficacy or behavior change. The effects that did occur were attenuated over time. Conclusion and Implications This study found that INPAP implemented in elementary school had limited lasting effects by the end of middle school, a time when students have increased autonomy to make food choices.
The small heat shock protein (HSP) 20 is dynamically associated with the actin cross-linking protein actinin.

Abstract Background. The heat shock-related protein (HSP) 20 is associated with actin and modulates smooth-muscle relaxation. We hypothesized that HSP20 mediates vasorelaxation via dynamic interactions with cytoskeletal proteins, such as actin, or actin binding proteins, such as α-actinin. Methods. Physiological responses of strips of bovine carotid artery were analyzed with a muscle bath. In other experiments, the arteries were homogenized, and imunoprecipitations were performed. Immunohistochemistry with anti-HSP20 and anti-actinin antibodies was used to determine co-localization of the two proteins. Results. Bovine carotid arteries contracted in response to serotonin and rapidly relaxed in response to forskolin. HSP20 co-immunoprecipitated with both actin and α-actinin, but not with HSP27 or paxillin. Immunostaining with HSP20 and α-actinin antibodies demonstrated that HSP20 and α-actinin co-localized. The amount of HSP20 that immunoprecipitated with α -actinin was markedly diminished in muscles that were treated with the vasorelaxant forskolin. Conclusions. HSP20 is associated with both actin and α-actinin. Activation of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling pathways leads to increases in the phosphorylation of HSP20 and a decrease in the association of HSP20 with α-actinin. These data suggest that phosphorylation of HSP20 may lead to relaxation of vascular smooth muscles through a dynamic association with cytoskeletal elements.
Steady-state and equilibrium vortex configurations, transitions, and evolution in a mesoscopic superconducting cylinder

A numerical scheme to study the mixed states in a mesoscopic type-II superconducting cylinder is described. Steady-state configurations and transient behavior of the magnetic vortices for various values of the applied magnetic field H are presented. Transitions between different multivortex states as H is changed is demonstrated by contour plots and jumps in the B vs H plot. We evolve a uniformly superconducting initial state using the simplest set of relaxation equations. The results reveal that the system passes through nearly metastable intermediate configurations while seeking the final minimum-energy steady state consistent with the square symmetry of the sample. An efficient scheme to determine the equilibrium vortex configuration in a mesoscopic system at any given applied field, not limited to the symmetry of the system, is devised and demonstrated.
Differential 18O enrichment of leaf cellulose in C3 versus C4 grasses

We show that differences in the oxygen isotope ratio of leaf water between C3 and C4 grasses (five species of each photosynthetic type) become less distinct as relative humidity increases, and that 18O leaf water differences translate directly to the oxygen isotope ratio of leaf cellulose. A conceptual model is presented that is based on grass blade growth characteristics and observed patterns of progressive enrichment in grasses. The Barbour and Farquhar (2000) model was capable of explaining the oxygen isotope ratio of bulk leaf cellulose of C3 and C4 grasses grown under a variety of growth conditions.
Complete Follow‐Up Echocardiograms are Needed to Detect Stenosis of Normally Connecting Pulmonary Veins

Reimbursement for limited echocardiograms focusing on known pathology rather than complete studies has recently received widespread attention. Few data are available to determine if these limited examinations provide enough information to adequately evaluate many forms of congenital heart disease. Stenosis of normally connecting pulmonary veins is a congenital or acquired cardiac anomaly that is difficult to diagnose clinically and may be detectable only by echocardiography. To evaluate the yield of complete versus limited echocardiograms for detecting the presence and development of stenosis in pulmonary veins with anatomically normal connections, the cardiology database was searched for all patients with this diagnosis presenting between June 1990 and January 2000. Charts were reviewed for demographic data, associated defects, surgeries, and outcomes. Angiograms and echocardiograms were reviewed for location and severity of pulmonary vein stenosis. A pulsed-wave Doppler signal of > 1.6 mm/sec with loss of phasic flow was used to define stenosis. Eighteen patients were identified and ranged in age at first evaluation from 1 day to 17 years (median 15 days). All 18 patients had associated cardiac anomalies, and 4 (22%) of 18 had Trisomy 21. Pulmonary vein stenosis was detected on the initial evaluation in 5 patients, detected 8 +/- 5 months after the initial echocardiogram in 11 patients, and missed by echocardiography in 2 patients who were diagnosed by cardiac catheterization. The initial echocardiograms were complete, with pulsed-Doppler sampling of all four pulmonary veins in 17 of 18 patients. Of the 12 patients who had echocardiographic evidence of late stenosis, 10 had 17 limited interim studies prior to eventually having a complete diagnostic follow-up study. Of the two patients in whom the diagnosis was missed by echocardiography, one initial study was technically inadequate (17-year-old) and one had only limited interim studies after the initial echocardiogram. Of the 9 patients in whom repair of the pulmonary vein stenosis was attempted, 3 had no residual obstruction and 6 had progressive stenosis (three deaths). Of the remaining nine patients who had no intervention for their pulmonary venous stenosis, four have died from progressive pulmonary hypertension. Stenosis of normally connecting pulmonary veins is an uncommon lesion that has a significant impact on clinical outcome. The stenoses might be undetectable on limited echocardiograms that focus on evaluating only specified pathology. Complete follow-up examinations might be warranted to diagnose this lesion. This may be an important consideration when formulating reimbursement policies.
Reply to Cohen

1 In certain ordinary zoological contexts, we know we see a zebra. If closure is right, then in those contexts, we know we do not see a cleverly disguised mule. Cohen's diagnosis: In those contexts, "Our reason for denying we see a cleverly-disguised mule, e.g., the infrequency of such deceptions, is sufficient for us to know we do not see a cleverly-disguised mule." Here's another case. I know I'll never have enough money to buy ten Rolls Royces. If closure is right then in those contexts 'know' truly qualifies 'I will never win first prize in a lottery' (even if I have a lottery ticket at home). We can now reapply Cohen's diagnosis: In those contexts, our reasons for denying that we will win first prize in a lottery, namely the statistical infrequency of winning tickets, is sufficient for us to know that we we will never win a lottery. Isn't this bad? You don't have to shift context to realize that you don't know whether or not a lottery ticket is a winner.
Estimations of the parameters of the flux of sediments near the west coast of the Bakal’skaya Spit under the conditions of heavy storms in 2007

On the basis of the wind-energy method, we estimate the distributions of the parameters of a longshore flux of sediments formed near the west coast of the Bakal’skaya Spit (in the northwest part of the Crimea) under the conditions of heavy storms whose action caused a significant erosion of the west coast of the spit and retreat of the coastline in January and November 2007. The calculations are carried out by using the actual directions and velocities of the winds recorded in the investigated region. We analyze the trends of changes in the formation of the coastal zone caused by the nonuniform distribution of the intensity of longshore transportation of sediments. In analyzing the causes of formation of gullies in the barrier of the Bakal’skoe Lake and in the narrow distal part of the body of the spit, we make an attempt of interpretation of the quantities characterizing the force of the frontal action of waves. The obtained numerical results are confirmed by the data of field observations.
Mechanism and regulation of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) uptake by mouse and human pancreatic β-cells/islets: physiological and molecular aspects

Riboflavin (RF) is essential for the normal metabolic activities of pancreatic β-cells and provides protection against oxidative stress. Very little is known about the mechanism of RF uptake by the...
Modernizing welding courses

Scientific and technological developments of the last decade have transformed the welding industry. Today, the welding industry needs highly educated people, capable of operating sophisticated equipment and controlling complex processes. Thus, academia must equip students with appropriate knowledge and skills in order that they may easily integrate into the 21st century workplace. The paper describes changes in an advanced welding course offered in the Mechanical Engineering Technology Department, Purdue University.
Kinetics of the reactions of OH radicals with n-alkanes at 299 ± 2 K

Relative rate constants for the reaction of OH radicals with a series of n-alkanes have been determined at 299 ± 2 K, using methyl nitrite photolysis in air as a source of OH radicals. Using a rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with n-butane of 2.58 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1s−1, the rate constants obtained are (X1012 cm3 molecule−1 s−1): propane 1.22 ± 0.05, n-pentane 4.13 ± 0.08, n-heptane 7.30 ± 0.17, n-octane 9.01 ± 0.19, n-nonane 10.7 ± 0.4, and n-decane 11.4 ± 0.6. The data for propane, n-pentane, and n-octane are in good agreement with literature values, while those for n-heptane, n-nonane, and n-decane are reported for the first time. These data show that the rate constant per secondary C—H bond is ∽40% higher for —CH2— groups bonded to two other —CH2— groups than for those bonded to a —CH2— group and a —CH3 group.
Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Database: Data Overview

The Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Database includes data on U.S. Chapter 11 cases, including filed motions, objections and judicial rulings. Download the slides at: http://papers.ssrn.com/paper=1028255 Download the audio file at: http://papers.ssrn.com/paper=1029801
The Effects of Wulst Ablations on Color, Brightness and Pattern Discrimination in Pigeons (Columba Livia)

Pigeons were trained to peck at a transparent response key on which was projected either a color, brightness or pattern discrimination problem. Each subject was trained on only one of these problems. Training was continued until the subjects had reached asymptote. After reaching asymptote, subjects received brain ablations (by subpial suction) according to the following design: hyperstriate group, tissue removed from the Wulst; ablated controls, tissue removed from the neostriatum and corticoid areas; operated controls, no neural tissue intentionally removed. After a two week recovery period, each subject was re-tested on the same discrimination task that it had learned pre-operatively. Those birds with ablations of the Wulst showed deficits in performance on the brightness and pattern problems, but not on the color problem. Ablated and control subjects showed no post-operative deficits. These findings indicate that the Wulst functions in brightness and pattern discrimination, but may not be essential for color discrimination.
Hydrogen storage properties of 2LiNH2 + LiBH4 + MgH2

Abstract We have investigated the ternary mixture of complex hydrides with stoichiometry 2LiNH2 + LiBH4 + MgH2, and have identified a set of novel hydrogen storage reactions. One of these reactions involves the known reversible reaction Mg(NH2)2 + 2LiH ↔ Li2Mg(NH)2 + 2H2. Previous studies have shown that initiating this reaction from the binary mixture 2LiNH2 + MgH2 results in poor hydrogen desorption kinetics and a small amount of NH3 release. In contrast to this behavior, here we demonstrate that by starting from the ternary mixture 2LiNH2 + LiBH4 + MgH2, the above reaction can proceed at lower temperatures and with improved kinetics, while maintaining reversibility. The advantage of starting with the ternary mixture can be traced to the subsequent formation, melting, and reaction of Li4BH4(NH2)3 with MgH2 to form the mixed imide phase Li2Mg(NH)2, which acts as a seed for the reversible reaction, and is at least partly responsible for the improved kinetic response.
Moments of a Noncentral t and Noncentral F-distribution

(1969). Moments of a Noncentral t and Noncentral F-distribution. The American Statistician: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 33-34.
Collaborative writing as a process of formalizing group memory

A common form of collective memory is the group-authored document. Examining collaborative writing from the group memory perspective may yield important design and theoretical insights. This paper views collaborative writing as a cognitive process in which a portion of group memory is formalized. This view is the basis for expanding an existing model of individual writing to include collaborative writing and group memory. A collaborative writing tool is analyzed with the design implications from the expanded model. The analysis suggests that a group memory view of collaborative writing contributes useful insights that can guide the design of computer-based collaborative writing tools. >
The Jevons double coincidence condition and local uniqueness of money: An example

Abstract Jevons’s double coincidence of wants condition is derived as the result of household level transaction costs in general equilibrium where N commodities are traded at ( 1 / 2 ) N ( N − 1 ) commodity-pairwise trading posts. Each household experiences a set-up cost on entering an additional trading post. Budget constraints are enforced at each trading post separately implying demand for a carrier of value between trading posts, commodity money. General equilibrium consists of prices so that each trading post clears. Existence and local uniqueness of commodity money in equilibrium can follow from the scale economy implied by the household set-up cost.
Collagen-targeted molecular MR imaging of liver fibrosis in a mouse model

1576 Objectives Liver fibrosis is the end common pathway of chronic liver injuries. Liver biopsy, the current clinical gold standard for assessment of fibrosis, is invasive and has sampling errors, and is not optimal for screening, monitoring, or clinical decision-making. Fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins including type I collagen. We hypothesize that a MR probe targeted to type I collagen will enable noninvasive staging of hepatic fibrosis. Methods Mice were administered carbon tetrachloride or vehicle for 6 - 18 weeks resulting in mild to severe liver fibrosis. Mice were imaged prior to and following administration of a Gd-based probe targeted to type I collagen or with non-specific Gd-DTPA. Following imaging, animals were euthanized and the livers analyzed for Gd concentration, hydroxyproline (total collagen), and stained with Sirius Red for fibrosis and scored by a board certified pathologist blinded to the study. Results MRI signal enhancement showed strong correlations with liver hydroxyproline concentration and with Ishak scoring for fibrosis. Ex vivo analysis of gadolinium showed positive linear correlations with hydroxyproline and Ishak scoring. Unenhanced MRI or Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI could not distinguish fibrotic animal from controls. Conclusions Molecular MRI with a collagen specific probe shows feasibility for non-invasive staging of liver fibrosis. Research Support Sanofi-Aventis and NCI (CA140861)
Comprehensive Analysis of the Beta-Myosin Heavy Chain Gene in 389 Unrelated Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the prevalence and phenotype of beta-myosin heavy chain gene MYH7 mutations in a large cohort of unrelated patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous cardiac disease. MYH7 mutations are one of the most common genetic causes of HCM and have been associated with severe hypertrophy, young age of diagnosis, and high risk of sudden cardiac death. However, these clinical findings from large, family studies have not been confirmed in a large unrelated cohort. METHODS Deoxyribonucleic (DNA) samples obtained from 389 HCM outpatients seen at this tertiary referral center were analyzed for mutations, using polymerase chain reaction, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, and DNA sequencing for all 38 protein-coding exons of MYH7. Clinical data were extracted from patient records blinded to patient genotype. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients (15%) harbored 40 different mutations in MYH7. Compared with HCM patients without MYH7 mutations, HCM patients with MYH7 were younger at diagnosis (32.9 vs. 42.7 years, p = 0.0002), had more hypertrophy (left ventricular wall thickness of 24.2 vs. 21.1 mm, p = 0.0009), and more frequently underwent myectomy (60% vs. 38%, p = 0.002). The HCM patients with MYH7 mutations more often had a family history of HCM (43% vs. 29%, p = 0.006), but there was no difference in family history of sudden death (16% vs. 14%, p = NS). CONCLUSIONS In this setting, HCM patients with MYH7 were diagnosed at a younger age and had more hypertrophy, but they had no greater frequency of sudden death among first-degree relatives. Although these associations may prove useful for targeted gene screening, caution should be exercised in terms of using pathogenic status in risk stratification.
Kingdom Hearts, Territoriality and Flow

This paper explores the relationship between companies Square-Enix and Disney as played out within the games of the Kingdom Hearts ( ) franchise. We contrast the relationship between these two transnational companies within the franchise's aesthetics and theoretical logics over the course of the various games. We are particularly interested in the games' own thematization and problematization of concepts of globalization, transnationalism and cultural flow. The games narratively and interactively foreground the collapse of membranes that separate worlds, producing legitimate and illegitimate modes of territoriality and intermixture. Author Keywords role-playing games, franchises, Japan, globalization, translation, transmediation THE FRANCHISE
Field Emission and Nanostructure of Carbon Films

The results of field emission measurements of various forms of carbon films are reported. It is shown that the films nanostructure is a crucial factor determining the field emission properties. In particular, smooth, pulsed-laser deposited amorphous carbon films with both high and low sp3 contents are poor field emitters. This is similar to the results obtained for smooth nanocrystalline, sp2-bonded carbon films. In contrast, carbon films prepared by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HE-CVD) exhibit very good field emission properties, including low emission turn-on fields, high emission site density, and excellent durability. HF-CVD carbon films were found to be predominantly sp2-bonded. However, surface morphology studies show that these films are thoroughly nanostructured, which is believed to be responsible for their promising field emission properties.
Flat Epithelial Atypia: A Review of Current Concepts

Columnar cell change in breast epithelium is frequently encountered in biopsies performed for evaluation of radiographically detected microcalcifications. While columnar cell change by itself is typically of no clinical consequence, on occasion cytologic atypia may be present, a finding now termed "flat epithelial atypia (FEA)". Morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic associations between FEA and low grade in situ and invasive breast carcinomas provide compelling evidence that FEA represents a precursor lesion in the spectrum of low grade breast neoplasia. Despite this information, the ultimate clinical impact of FEA and, thus, the best management strategy for it remains unknown. Herein, current concepts regarding FEA are reviewed, including pathologic definition, evidence supporting its role as a neoplastic precursor, and suggested management strategies.
Effects of Varying Shade and Fertilizer on the Growth of Zamia floridana A. DC

I. Abstract It has repeatedly been noted that ready availability of well-grown cycad specimens would substantially reduce collection of plants from their natural habitats. Although some cycads are extensively produced in several countries, there is uncertainty as to their optimal growing conditions and fertilizer requirements. Using Zamia floridana (sensu lato) as a model, one-year-old seedlings were grown in 30% and 50% light-exclusion shadehouses for one growing season. They were fertilized with roughly equivalent nutrient proportions of 20–20–20 (N–P–K) Peters solution at 300 ppm applied biweekly, nine-month 18–6–12 controlled-release Osmocote granules, and 16–8–12 Controlled Release Sierra Tablets plus minors at two and three tablets per container, and in combinations. There was interaction between shade and fertilizer types in all parameters measured. Overall, plants grown in 30% shade had a larger caudex, more leaves, and higher leaf and stem-plus-root fresh and dry weights. Peters fertilizer at 300...
Triarchic Model of Psychopathy: Origins, Operationalizations, and Observed Linkages with Personality and General Psychopathology

The triarchic model (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009) was formulated to reconcile contrasting conceptions of psychopathy reflected in historic writings and contemporary assessment instruments, and to address persisting unresolved issues in the field. The model conceives of psychopathy as encompassing three distinct but interrelated phenotypic dispositions--disinhibition, boldness, and meanness--with biological referents. These dispositional constructs can be viewed as building blocks for alternative conceptions of psychopathy, and various existing psychopathy measures are presumed to index these constructs to differing degrees. This article summarizes the bases of the triarchic model in the conceptual and empirical literatures on psychopathy, and it describes linkages between the constructs of the model and established structural frameworks for personality and psychological disorders. Alternative methods for indexing the constructs of the model are described, and evidence regarding their interrelations and criterion-related validity is reviewed. Promising aspects of the model for ongoing research on psychopathy are discussed, along with current gaps in knowledge/methods and recommended avenues for future research.
Dynamics of sediment bars in straight and meandering channels: experiments on the resonance phenomenon

The results of an experimental study on the formation and development of sediment bars in straight and meandering channels, are reported. The laboratory observations are used to analyze recently developed linear and nonlinear theoretical models for the formation, geometrical properties, and migration characteristics of alternate bars. The theoretical predictions are found to be in good agreement with the observations of height, wavelength, and celerity of alternate bars. The theoretical conditions for which the suppression of migrating bars in meandering channels takes place, seem to agree qualitatively well with the experimental observations made in the laboratory.
Single switch dual output DC-DC converter performance

The performance of the single-switch dual-output DC-DC converter is evaluated. This converter regulates two independent DC outputs supplied from a single DC voltage source using a power semiconductor switch. Two discrete proportional feedback control loops regulate the duration of on switching and off switching. The duty cycle of the switch controls one output voltage, supplied from a low-pass filter, while the switching frequency regulates the other output voltage, supplied from a higher-frequency bandpass filter. The control algorithm is implemented with an Intel 8096 microcontroller. The experimental data demonstrate the actual circuit performance and confirm the simulation results. Both experiments and simulation show that an increase in the load current on the 12 V output results in an increase in the duty cycle, whereas an increase in the load current on the 5 V output results in a change in the switching frequency. The experimental prototype demonstrates operation over a load current range from about 40% to 100% with a +or-25% variation in the 24 V input. Full load currents are 12 A and 2.5 A on the 12 V and 5 V outputs, respectively. The switching frequency ranged from approximately 29 kHz to 264 kHz, and the duty cycle ranged from 0.35 to 0.72. >