cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discovering Flow Anomalies: A SWEET Approach

Given a percentage-threshold and readings from a pair of consecutive upstream and downstream sensors, flow anomaly discovery identifies dominant time intervals where the fraction of time instants of significantly mis-matched sensor readings exceed the given percentage-threshold. Discovering flow anomalies (FA) is an important problem in environmental flow monitoring networks and early warning detection systems for water quality problems. However, mining FAs is computationally expensive because of the large (potentially infinite) number of time instants of measurement and potentially long delays due to stagnant (e.g. lakes) or slow moving (e.g. wetland) water bodies between consecutive sensors. Traditional outlier detection methods (e.g. t-test) are suited for detecting transient FAs (i.e., time instants of significant mis-matches across consecutive sensors) and cannot detect persistent FAs (i.e., long variable time-windows with a high fraction of time instant transient FAs) due to a lack of a pre-defined window size. In contrast, we propose a Smart Window Enumeration and Evaluation of persistence-Thresholds (SWEET) method to efficiently explore the search space of all possible window lengths. Computation overhead is brought down significantly by restricting the start and end points of a window to coincide with transient FAs, using a smart counter and efficient pruning techniques. Experimental evaluation using a real dataset shows our proposed approach outperforms Nainodotve alternatives.
Challenge of Dogs with Live Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Effects of Repeated Challenges on Fluid Secretion in Jejunal Thiry-Vella Loops

Dogs were evaluated as experimental models for the study of diarrheal disease produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Although a suitable whole model for orogastric bacterial challenge could not be developed, chronic jejunal Thiry-Vella loops were used to study the secretory effects of multiple jejunal challenges with enterotoxin of either Vibrio cholerae or E. coli. The heat-stable and heat-labile E. coli enterotoxins could be differentiated clearly in this model. Sequential weekly challenges over a four-week period showed a significant decrease in loop secretory response to homologous enterotoxin, although levels of antitoxin in serum remained unchanged, a finding suggesting a local immune response. Dogs challenged with E. coli enterotoxin were markedly protected against subsequent challenge with V. cholerae enterotoxin; the converse was not true. Histologic studies of the loops showed only minimal atrophy, and results of absorption studies in the loops were normal. These studies suggest that mongrel dogs are resistant to colonization by enterotoxigenic E. coli and partially resistant to challenge with enterotoxin, perhaps on an immune basis due to prior antigenic exposure. Multiple challenges with enterotoxin effect a decreased secretory response; this finding also suggests a local immune mechanism.
Metabolic regulation of Na+/Pi-cotransporter-1 gene expression in H4IIE cells

We showed that the rat Na+/Pi cotransporter-1 (RNaPi-1) gene was regulated by insulin and glucose in rat hepatocytes. The aim of this work was to elucidate signaling pathways of insulin-mediated me...
Curing kinetics of a “green” thiol‐containing resin: Oligo(ethylene‐2‐mercaptosuccinate)

This work focuses on examining the curing process of neat oligo(ethylene-2-mercaptosuccinate) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheology, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thiol-containing resin offers much promise as a bioabsorbable polymer in medical field and as a reusable thermoset in sustainable applications. Although curing between thiol groups has been investigated in solutions, studies of neat materials without solvent are rare. Here, the evolution of glass transition temperature (Tg), complex shear modulus (G*), gelation, and chemical structure are monitored as a function of isothermal curing time and temperature. Both Tg and G* increase with curing, indicating the formation of polymer networks. The conversion of the cure is determined from the DiBenedetto equation and is found to follow a second-order plus second-order autocatalytic reaction model. Importantly, the intensity of the S–H bond absorption decreases with the extent of curing, which confirms the curing mechanism, i.e., disulfide formation between the thiol groups. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 43205.
Binary Trait Loci That Influence Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Guarding Behavior

This study was conducted to detect binary trait loci (BTLs) that insuence guarding behavior of individual honey bees, Apis mellifera L., andto locate genetic markers that are associated with these BTLs on genetic maps d erivedfrom guardbees from two reciprocal backcross colonies. Samples of guards and control bees were taken from two backcross colonies derived from a defensive colony anda gentle colony. AmpliÞedfragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were produced from DNA samples of guards. Two genetic maps were generated, one for each type of colony. A chi-square goodness-of-Þt test was performed for each marker in the map to look for deviations from the 1:1 segregation of the markers. For those markers that signiÞcantly deviated from the 1:1 ratio in the guards, AFLPs were generated from two samples of control bees, one for each type of backcross. Those markers that showeda skewedsegregation pattern in the guards but not in the controls were analyzedwith a 2 2 chi-square to test for associations between the markers andthe expression of the trait. Ten markers were associatedwith guarding behavior (Þve in each backcross). The 10 markers representedseven putative BTLs that insuence honey bee guard ing behavior. One of the BTLs represents a QTL that was previously detected in analysis of colony-level stinging response, others represent new loci speciÞc to the behavior of individuals guarding the colony entrance.
Opportunities and limitations for combined fly-scan ptychography and fluorescence microscopy

X-ray fluorescence offers unparalleled sensitivity for imaging the nanoscale distribution of trace elements in micrometer thick samples, while x-ray ptychography offers an approach to image light element containing structures at a resolution beyond that of the x-ray lens used. These methods can be used in combination, and in continuous scan mode for rapid data acquisition when using multiple probe mode reconstruction methods. We discuss here the opportunities and limitations of making use of additional information provided by ptychography to improve x-ray fluorescence images in two ways: by using position-error-correction algorithms to correct for scan distortions in fluorescence scans, and by considering the signal-to-noise limits on previously-demonstrated ptychographic probe deconvolution methods. This highlights the advantages of using a combined approach.
Introduction to the principles and methods of recombinant DNA technology.

OLECULAR BIOLOGY is used in this article as a synonym for recombinant DNA technology, which is used widely in biomedical research and in clinical tests, and soon will be used in human therapy. Therefore, it behooves clinicians and aspiring scientists alike to have a working knowledge of the essentials of the methods used in molecular biology. With the explosive growth of the literature in molecular biology, it is difficult for the novice to comprehend the methods used or to interpret the data presented. This article is intended to provide an introduction to the: methods and concepts used in molecular biology. The excellent chapter by Alper and Lodish’ and book by Watson2 are highly recommended. The texts by Ausubel et al3 and Sambrook et al4 are recommended for detailed descriptions of methods used in molecular biology.
Effect of load on the calculation of capacitive compensation in distributive systems

The influence of load models on the capacitor values used for voltage and/or power factor control is theoretically estimated. A mixture of constant impedance and power loads is studied. Voltage-load variation equations are first derived for the model, and values of capacitors required to get 1.0-pu voltage at the load for mixed loads are obtained. The capacitor values for maintaining unity power factor are also calculated. A general formulation of an accurate distribution feeder load model and efficient analysis and graphs are presented for finding variations in capacitor values required with different mixture load characteristics. Limitations and boundary values are evaluated for a single-distributor section. Complete normalization is used so that the results obtained can be applied to any given situation. >
A Model for Predicting Persistent Elevation of Factor VIII among Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose Elevated levels of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) may persist independent of the acute-phase response; however, this relationship has not been investigated relative to acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We examined the frequency and predictors of persistently elevated FVIII in AIS patients. Methods AIS patients admitted between July 2008 and May 2014 with elevated baseline FVIII levels and repeat FVIII levels drawn for more than 7 days postdischarge were included. The patients were dichotomized by repeat FVIII level for univariate analysis at 150% and 200% activity thresholds. An adjusted model was developed to predict the likelihood of persistently elevated FVIII levels. Results Among 1616 AIS cases, 98 patients with elevated baseline FVIII had repeat FVIII levels. Persistent FVIII elevation was found in more than 75% of patients. At the 150% threshold, the prediction score ranged from 0 to 7 and included black race, female sex, prior stroke, hyperlipidemia, smoking, baseline FVIII > 200%, and baseline von Willebrand factor (vWF) level greater than 200%. At the 200% threshold, the prediction score ranged from 0-5 and included female sex, prior stroke, diabetes mellitus, baseline FVIII level greater 200%, and baseline vWF level greater than 200%. For each 1-point increase in score, the odds of persistent FVIII at both the 150% threshold (odds ratio [OR] = 10.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63-66.9, P = .0134) and 200% threshold (OR = 10.2, 95% CI 1.82-57.5, P = .0083) increased 10 times. Conclusion Because an elevated FVIII level confers increased stroke risk, our model for anticipating a persistently elevated FVIII level may identify patients at high risk for recurrent stroke. FVIII may be a target for secondary stroke prevention.
The optimal uncertainty algorithm in the mystic framework

We have recently proposed a rigorous framework for Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) in which UQ objectives and assumption/information set are brought into the forefront, providing a framework for the communication and comparison of UQ results. In particular, this framework does not implicitly impose inappropriate assumptions nor does it repudiate relevant information. This framework, which we call Optimal Uncertainty Quantification (OUQ), is based on the observation that given a set of assumptions and information, there exist bounds on uncertainties obtained as values of optimization problems and that these bounds are optimal. It provides a uniform environment for the optimal solution of the problems of validation, certification, experimental design, reduced order modeling, prediction, extrapolation, all under aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties. OUQ optimization problems are extremely large, and even though under general conditions they have finite-dimensional reductions, they must often be solved numerically. This general algorithmic framework for OUQ has been implemented in the mystic optimization framework. We describe this implementation, and demonstrate its use in the context of the Caltech surrogate model for hypervelocity impact.
Comments on Sociology of Religion in America: a History of Secular Fascination with Religion

Anthony J. Blasi’s concise history in Sociology of Religion in America: A History of Secular Fascination with Religion provides a valuable journey through the evolution of the sociology of religion. He used self-created databases (1859–1959) of early American dissertations in the sociology of religion or religion more generally as well as journal indices (1959–1984) for sociology of religion articles to trace this history. Blasi did not merely create a timeline dotted with accolades alone. He detailed the early location of the sociology of religion in the “backwaters of sociology” and documented the struggles for scientific credibility and public as well as professional recognition. I centered my comments on three highlighted issues: the tension between empiricism and religion as reform (e.g., science versus sympathy), intersectionality of race and religion, and Blasi’s lived experiences in the sociology of religion.
Photoreduction of Pt(IV) Halo-Hydroxo Complexes: Possible Hypohalous Acid Elimination

Concentrated hydrogen peroxide addition to trans-Pt(PEt3)2Cl(R) [1 (R = 9-phenanthryl), 2 (R = 4-trifluoromethylphenyl)] yields hydroxo-hydroperoxo complexes trans-Pt(PEt3)2(Cl)(OOH)(OH)(R) [5 (R = 9-phenanthryl), 4 (R = 4-trifluoromethylphenyl)], where the hydroperoxo ligand is trans to R. Complex 5 is unstable and reacts with solvent CH2Cl2 to give trans,cis-Pt(PEt3)2(Cl)2(OH)(9-phenanthryl) (3). Treatment of 4 with HCl yields analogous trans,cis-Pt(PEt3)2(Cl)2(OH)(4-trifluoromethylphenyl) (6) and HBr gives trans-Pt(PEt3)2(Br)(Cl)(OH)(4-trifluoromethylphenyl) (7), where the Br and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl ligands are trans. Photolysis of 3 or 6 at 313 or 380 nm causes reduction to trans-Pt(PEt3)2Cl(R) (1 or 2, respectively). Expected coproduct HOCl is not detected, but authentic solutions of HOCl are shown to decompose under the reaction conditions. Chlorobenzene and other unidentified products that oxidize PPh3 to OPPh3 are detected in photolyzed benzene solutions. Photolysis of 3 or 6 in the presence o...
On In-Situ Study of Dislocation/Grain Boundary Interactions Using X-ray Topography and Tem

The advantages and disadvantages of in-situ straining using both synchrotron x-ray topography and transmission electron microscopy for examining dislocation/grain boundary interactions are compared and examples given of the use of each technique. For x-ray topography, studies on ice polycrystals are discussed. Ice is well-suited for x-ray topographic studies since it has both low absorption and can be produced with a low dislocation density. Stress concentrations have been observed at grain boundaries in ice which are partially relieved by generation of % % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGymaiaac+ % cacaaIZaGaeyipaWJaaGymaiaaigdaceaIYaGbaebacaaIWaGaeyOp % a4daaa!3D31! $$1/3 $$ dislocations. Interestingly, grain boundary generation of dislocations completely overwhelms lattice generation mechanisms. Examples of transmission electron microscope in-situ straining studies include dislocation/grain boundary interactions in L12-structured and B2- structured intermetallics. Slip transmission across grain boundaries by dislocations gliding ahead of an advancing crack is a principal feature of these studies. A significant advantage of the such studies is their inherently high resolution. However, the dislocation behavior is dominated by the inherent thinness of the specimens.
Learning for Change: Transforming International Experience as Identity Work

This qualitative study examines how international graduate students have made sense of their experiences and how they have personally changed during their time in the United States. The qualitative...
Discussion on SAN Security Technology of Digital Libraries

The paper has described the concept of SAN(Storage Area Network)of Digital Libraries,introduced ways to provide SAN security in digital libraries.
Detection of methyl salicylate using bi-enzyme electrochemical sensor consisting salicylate hydroxylase and tyrosinase

Abstract Volatile organic compounds have been recognized as important marker chemicals to detect plant diseases caused by pathogens. Methyl salicylate has been identified as one of the most important volatile organic compounds released by plants during a biotic stress event such as fungal pathogen infection. Advanced detection of these marker chemicals could help in early identification of plant diseases and has huge significance for agricultural industry. This work describes the development of a novel bi-enzyme based electrochemical biosensor consisting of salicylate hydroxylase and tyrosinase enzymes immobilized on carbon nanotube modified electrodes. The amperometric detection using the bi-enzyme platform was realized through a series of cascade reactions that terminate in an electrochemical reduction reaction. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the sensitivity of the bi-enzyme sensor was 30.6±2.7 µA cm −2 µM −1 and the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 13 nM (1.80 ppb) and 39 nM (5.39 ppb) respectively. Interference studies showed no significant interference from the other common plant volatile compounds. Synthetic analyte studies revealed that the bi-enzyme based biosensor can be used to reliably detect methyl salicylate released by unhealthy plants.
Evaluation of the function of the human apolipoprotein B gene nuclear matrix association regions in transgenic mice

The human apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene resides in a 47.5 kb DNasel-sensitive chromosomal domain in hepatic and intestinal cells, flanked by the 5' distal matrix association region (MAR) and the 3' proximal MAR. A third MAR, the 5' proximal MAR, is found only in transcriptionally active hepatic (HepG2) cells. Hepatic expression of the apoB gene requires a tissue-specific promoter (-898 to +121) and an enhancer from the second intron of the gene (+360 to +1064). A vector containing this portion of the gene linked to the beta-galactosidase reporter is sufficient for low level expression in the livers of transgenic mice. Expression in transgenic mice was increased when the promoter-enhancer beta-gal vector was flanked by MARs. The results were similar whether the 5' distal, the 5' proximal or the 3' proximal MARs were placed at both ends of the construct, or whether the construct was flanked by the 5' distal and the 3' MAR, suggesting that the apoB MARs play a role in gene expression in vivo. When the MAR-containing constructs were transiently transfected into HepG2 cells, the resulting beta-gal activities were similar to that of the construct lacking MARs, thus demonstrating that the MARs do not exhibit any enhancer activity. Recent experiments (Kalos, M., and R. E. K. Fournier. 1995. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 198-207) examining stable integration of some of our constructs into human and rat hepatoma transfectants suggest that in single and double copy transfectants, the apoB MARs behave as boundary "insulators", protecting the integrated transgenes against position effects regardless of their site of integration. However, multicopy transfectants are transcriptionally inactive and when the MARs are absent, expression of the transgenes drops to background levels. Our results to date with single and low-copy number transgenes do not support an insulator function for the apoB MARs, although they appear to be required to increase the levels of expression.
Recombinant immunotoxins containing anti-Tac(Fv) and derivatives of Pseudomonas exotoxin produce complete regression in mice of an interleukin-2 receptor-expressing human carcinoma

Anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40 is a recombinant single-chain immunotoxin composed of the variable domains of the monoclonal antibody anti-Tac, which binds to the p55 subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), which does not bind to the PE receptor (Chaudhary et al, Nature 339:394, 1989). Whereas its cytotoxic activity toward autoimmune and malignant target cells has been established, its efficacy in vivo remains unknown. To establish an animal model, we produced ATAC-4 cells by transfecting the gene encoding the low-affinity IL-2R (p55) into A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. ATAC-4 cells contained low-affinity IL-2Rs (2 x 10(5)/cell) and formed tumors in nude mice. In tissue culture, protein synthesis in ATAC-4 cells was inhibited 50% (IC50) at 0.06 ng/mL (0.9 pmol/L) of anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40. IC50s for the derivatives anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38, which is missing PE amino acids 365-380, and anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38KDEL, which contains the same deletion plus the KDEL carboxyl terminus, were 0.04 and 0.025 ng/mL, respectively. All the agents produced complete tumor regressions in ATAC-4 tumor-bearing mice and anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38KDEL had significant antitumor activity at 1% of the LD50. The dose limiting toxicity of anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38KDEL was from hemorrhagic liver necrosis, which was observed at approximately 55% of the LD50.
Technical Advances in Resection and Graft Replacement of Thoracic, Abdominal, and Peripheral Aneurysms

The method described is applicable to aneurysms of a variety of anatomic sites, even in the presence of dissection, except those aneurysms involving the transverse aortic arch and thoracoabdominal aneurysms involving major visceral branches, and is simpler and safer than other surgical modalities such as total extirpation and bypass procedures.
Antigen-Addicted T Cell Reserves Trickle Charge the Frontline Killers.

Highly active killer T cells mediate a stable standoff during controlled persistent infections. In this issue of Immunity , Robey and colleagues describe a unique antigen-addicted T cell population bearing characteristics of both effector and memory CD8 + T cells that provides a continuous supply of potent killer T cells to curb Toxoplasma gondii growth during latency.
The Effects of Chronic Noise Exposure on Human Prenatal Growth

Acute intense noise is a physiological stressor in man and other animals, but the effect of chronic exposure on human health is not clearly understood. To suggest whether chronic exposure to environmental noise produces health effects in humans, an investigation of the physical growth of children from a noise exposed community was conducted. This report describes the investigation into the prenatal growth of children born to mothers exposed to airport noise.
Work Relationships: An organizational Antecedent of Role Stress and Inter-Domain Conflict

The inter-relationship between work and nonwork domains is an area of increasing research interest (e.g. Netemeyer, Boles and McMurrian 1996). Recent societal trends affecting both the home and workplace are primarily responsible for this growing level of interest. These changes and others have resulted in increasing levels of role stress and conflict between the work and home domains (hereafter referred to as inter-domain conflict) and made this an area of increasing importance to managers. Inter-domain conflict is a form of conflict that occurs when the role requirements of work and non-work responsibilities are incompatible or inconsistent in some respect (Greenhaus and Beutell 1985).
Dolichocephaly in Preterm Infants: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Early Motor Outcomes.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine when dolichocephaly develops in preterm infants, to establish factors that contribute to its development, and to determine its association with adverse motor outcomes. Study Design This study was a retrospective review of data collected from preterm infants born at Results Overall, 54% of infants developed dolichocephaly during hospitalization. The presence of dolichocephaly was highest in infants between 32 and 34 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) (39%). Birth weight, gestational age, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and severe intraventricular hemorrhage were not associated with dolichocephaly. Infants with dolichocephaly at 32 to 34 weeks' PMA were more likely to either be receiving PT services or be referred to PT services by outpatient follow-up (p = 0.05). Conclusion The presence of dolichocephaly was highest in infants between 32 and 34 weeks' PMA and was associated with increased need for PT services in early infancy. Findings support early developmental intervention at
Ceramidases, roles in sphingolipid metabolism and in health and disease.

Over the past three decades, extensive research has been able to determine the biologic functions for the main bioactive sphingolipids, namely ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) (Hannun, 1996; Hannun et al., 1986; Okazaki et al., 1989). These studies have managed to define the metabolism, regulation, and function of these bioactive sphingolipids. This emerging body of literature has also implicated bioactive sphingolipids, particularly S1P and ceramide, as key regulators of cellular homeostasis. Ceramidases have the important role of cleaving fatty acid from ceramide and producing sphingosine, thereby controlling the interconversion of these two lipids. Thus far, five human ceramidases encoded by five different genes have been identified: acid ceramidase (AC), neutral ceramidase (NC), alkaline ceramidase 1 (ACER1), alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2), and alkaline ceramidase 3 (ACER3). These ceramidases are classified according to their optimal pH for catalytic activity. AC, which is localized to the lysosomal compartment, has been associated with Farber's disease and is involved in the regulation of cell viability. Neutral ceramidase, which is localized to the plasma membrane and primarily expressed in the small intestine and colon, is involved in digestion, and has been implicated in colon carcinogenesis. ACER1 which can be found in the endoplasmic reticulum and is highly expressed in the skin, plays an important role in keratinocyte differentiation. ACER2, localized to the Golgi complex and highly expressed in the placenta, is involved in programed cell death in response to DNA damage. ACER3, also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex, is ubiquitously expressed, and is involved in motor coordination-associated Purkinje cell degeneration. This review seeks to consolidate the current knowledge regarding these key cellular players.
Decomposition characteristics of an elemental sulfur doped polysulfide based ramjet fuel

Abstract The decomposition characteristics of five candidate polysulfide (LP-33) based ramjet solid fuel formulations are evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The formulations are variants on the polymer crosslink mechanism and the doping mass fraction of elemental sulfur. Four fuel candidates are oxidatively cured and one formulation is cured with isocyanates. Post-cure, the Shore-A hardness of each sample is measured followed by TGA and DSC analysis. The objective of this research is to develop a solid fuel ramjet formulation with thermal decomposition onset temperatures lower than conventional ramjet fuels while maintaining a Shore-A hardness of at least 30. The results show that polysulfide based formulations decompose at temperatures approximately 120 °C lower than hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene based fuels. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the decomposition onset temperature, and the heat of decomposition can be further reduced with the addition of elemental sulfur.
Resource Theory in A Cultural Context: Linkages between Ethnic Identity, Gender Roles, and Purchase Behavior

This study investigated the relationships among the constructs of ethnic identification, gender roles, and relative influence in purchase decision making for Hispanic and Asian immigrant groups. Fi...
Adoption and Use of Open Source Infrastructure Software by Large Corporations: The Case of MySQL

Adoption and continuance of use of open source infrastructure software by large business organizations is not well understood. This study fills this gap in research by conducting a longitudinal investigation of the adoption and use of MySQL by two large corporations. One organization, an early adopter, adopted and used MySQL for several years before reverting back to a proprietary product. The other, a late adopter, made an initial adoption decision but didn't deploy it in mission critical applications. Interestingly, free software and freedom to access and modify the source code, the hallmark of the open source model, were not found to be significant in promoting adoption. In contrast, high quality maintenance support and timely product enhancement to keep up with user needs were considered critical for initial adoption and continued use of software. The study also demonstrates the need to investigate continuance of use to get a complete picture of open source software adoption and use by organizations.
Experimental evaluation of a small-capacity, waste-heat driven ammonia-water absorption chiller

Abstract This paper presents the results from an experimental evaluation of a small-scale, waste-heat driven ammonia-water absorption chiller. The cycle is thermally driven, using the waste heat from diesel generator exhaust to desorb the refrigerant solution. The absorber and condenser are directly-coupled to the ambient air. The remaining heat exchangers are packaged in a compact microchannel monolithic structure for enhancing heat transfer. The system is designed to deliver 2.71-kW of cooling at extreme ambient temperature of 51.7 °C at a coefficient of performance of 0.55. Experiments on a heat pump breadboard system are conducted at ambient conditions of 29.7–44.2 °C, with delivered cooling duties of 2.54–1.91 kW. System and individual component performance is analyzed and compared with cycle model predictions, and deviations are explained. The absorber and desorber were identified to be the limiting components in the system. Effects of variation in ambient temperature are studied to characterize the performance at off-design conditions.
Ion Distributions in Space Plasmas

In this chapter, we present the types and properties of kappa distributions of ion velocities that describe these populations in space plasmas. We also present and interpret the measurements of kappa indices of various ion populations in space plasmas throughout the heliosphere and provide a detailed discussion of the observations in the inner heliosheath. The kappa index is the primary parameter of kappa distributions, significant for identifying the nonequilibrium stationary states and characterizing their “thermodynamic distance” from thermal equilibrium and the furthest state from thermal equilibrium, or “antiequilibrium.” We examine the detailed transitions of stationary states toward the extreme state of antiequilibrium. Observations show an empirical separation of the spectrum of kappa values in ion space plasmas. The kappa spectrum is divided in two regions: the near-equilibrium region with values of kappa, 2.5 < κ <∞, (e.g., Saturnian magnetosphere), and the far-equilibrium region with indices 1.5 <κ < 2.5 (e.g., inner heliosheath). We discuss the role of PickUp Ions (PUIs) in the transitions of kappa distributions from near-equilibrium to far-equilibrium states. With the presented statistical formulations, properties, and observations of kappa distribution of ion populations in space plasmas, the chapter provides valuable and necessary tools for space physics education and research.
Representation of Heterogeneous Objects in ISO 10303 (STEP)

Solid modeling of objects forms an important task in design and manufacturing. Recent developments in the field of layered manufacturing have shown potential for the physical realization of heterogeneous (multi-material) objects. Thus, there is a need to represent material information as an integral part of the CAD model data. Information models for the representation of product data are being developed as an international standard informally called STEP (ISO 10303). However, the current application protocols focus on the representation of homogeneous objects only. This paper proposes an information model to represent heterogeneous objects using the information modeling methodology developed for ISO 10303. This will help in providing a uniform base in the development of heterogeneous solid modeling systems. It will also equip the solid modeler with the ability to integrate with other applications and process planning in the domain of layered manufacturing.
Electrons Riding a Plane Wave

We describe the fields and potentials of an electromagnetic plane wave in transverse gauge. We set up the case of an electron surfing on the electromagnetic plane wave. We show how conserved quantities constrain particle motion. The analogy with laser particle acceleration prompts consideration of the unit-language used in the high intensity laser pulse community. We than solve for particle motion, explicitly considering both linear and circular wave polarization. We demonstrate a significant change in particle dynamics when a threshold intensity of the plane wave is exceeded. This opens up the realm of ‘relativistic optics’.
Facile, one-pot synthesis of Pd@CeO2 core@shell nanoparticles in aqueous environment by controlled hydrolysis of metalloorganic cerium precursor

Abstract An aqueous, one-pot synthesis of encapsulated palladium (Pd) nanoparticles by cerium dioxide (CeO 2 ) is reported. A metalloorganic compound, cerium (IV) atrane, was prepared and used as water-stable CeO 2 precursor. The CeO 2 shell of the synthesized Pd@CeO 2 core@shell nanoparticles was composed of 2–5 nm nanocrystals exhibiting both micro- and meso-pores. The catalytic activity as well as the accessibility of reactants to the Pd core were confirmed by CO oxidation, where excellent low temperature activity was observed. The thermal stability of the as-prepared Pd@CeO 2 can be enhanced by two methods: (1) forming CeO 2 -ZrO 2 solid solutions and (2) forming SiO 2 secondary shells as a sintering-barrier.
Vagus nerve stimulation improves locomotion and neuronal populations in a model of Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder with no disease-modifying therapies, and symptomatic treatments are often limited by debilitating side effects. In PD, locus coeruleus noradrenergic (LC-NE) neurons degenerate prior to substantia nigra dopaminergic (SN-DA) neurons. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) activates LC neurons, and decreases pro-inflammatory markers, allowing improvement of LC targets, making it a potential PD therapeutic. Objective To assess therapeutic potential of VNS in a PD model. Methods To mimic the progression of PD degeneration, rats received a systemic injection of noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP-4, followed one week later by bilateral intrastriatal injection of dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine. At this time, a subset of rats also had vagus cuffs implanted. After eleven days, rats received a precise VNS regimen twice a day for ten days, and locomotion was measured during each afternoon session. Immediately following final stimulation, rats were euthanized, and left dorsal striatum, bilateral SN and LC were sectioned for immunohistochemical detection of monoaminergic neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH), α-synuclein, astrocytes (GFAP) and microglia (Iba-1). Results VNS significantly increased locomotion of lesioned rats. VNS also resulted in increased expression of TH in striatum, SN, and LC; decreased SN α-synuclein expression; and decreased expression of glial markers in the SN and LC of lesioned rats. Additionally, saline-treated rats after VNS, had higher LC TH and lower SN Iba-1. Conclusions Our findings of increased locomotion, beneficial effects on LC-NE and SN-DA neurons, decreased α-synuclein density in SN TH-positive neurons, and neuroinflammation suggest VNS has potential as a novel PD therapeutic.
Induction of cell death following restimulation of the T cell receptor results in activation of the DNA damage response pathway in a JNK and ROS-dependent manner (TUM7P.1026)

The p53 protein is activated by various forms of cellular stress and its function is modulated though a multiplicity of posttranslational modifications to dictate signaling outcomes. A recent study demonstrated that inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-m effectively blocked cell death caused by restimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR). Using human T cells, we investigated the phosphorylation status of p53 following TCR restimulation and detected a time-dependent increase in phosphorylation on Ser15, which correlated with onset of cell death. Phospho-p53 (Ser15) was limited to the nucleus and coincided with phosphorylation of ATM. Blocking ATM function through KU55933 or caffeine prevented cell death. Phosphorylation of ATM suggested activation of the DNA damage response pathway and we confirmed coordinate increases in both yH2AX and SMC-1. Activation of the ATM-p53-dependent DNA damage response pathway following restimulation of the TCR was reduced by inhibition of JNK by SP600125 as well as the anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Activation of the DNA damage pathway occurred in an antigen-specific manner and was also observed in T cells derived from melanoma patients undergoing adoptive T cell therapy. In vitro treatment with NAC improved survival of T cells while increasing melanoma cell killing. Thus our data highlight a role for activation of the DNA damage response pathway following TCR restimulation and its potential translational significance in adoptive T cell therapy.
Abstract 15060: Resting Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: Results From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Introduction: Evidence suggests an association between augmentation of sympathetic tone or alteration of parasympathetic activity and atrial fibrillation (AF). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that lower and higher heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) as measures of autonomic dysregulation are associated with incident AF. Methods: The MESA cohort consisted of participants who were free of clinically-recognized cardiovascular disease at baseline. We used three standard 10-second, 12-lead electrocardiograms to measure heart rate, the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), and the root mean square of successive differences in RR intervals (RMSSD). Incident AF was identified using inpatient and outpatient diagnostic codes, study electrocardiograms, and Medicare claims. Participants with AF at baseline, and those who were on a beta-blocker or any AV nodal agent were excluded. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and known clinical risk factors for AF were used to examine the association of baseline heart rate, and log transformed SDNN and RMSDD with incident AF. Results: Of 6104 participants enrolled in this study, 498 (8.1%) developed AF over a median follow-up of 10.1 ± 2.6 years. In unadjusted analysis, heart rate ≤51bpm (10 th percentile) and ≥ 76bpm (90 th percentile) were associated with incident AF (reference group: heart rate > 51 bpm and Conclusions: In a multi-ethnic population, the association of autonomic dysregulation (as reflected by low HRV) and sinus node dysfunction (as reflected by low baseline heart rate) with incident AF was not independent of cardiovascular risk factors. Only higher heart rate was independently associated with incident AF.
Injuries from physical abuse: National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence I-III

Introduction Official data sources do not provide researchers, practitioners, and policy makers with complete information on physical injury from child abuse. This analysis provides a national estimate of the percentage of children who were injured during their most recent incident of physical abuse. Methods Pooled data from three cross-sectional national telephone survey samples (N=13,052 children) included in the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence completed in 2008, 2011, and 2014 were used. Results Analyses completed in 2016 indicate that 8.4% of children experienced physical abuse by a caregiver. Among those with injury data, 42.6% were injured in the most recent incident. No differences in injury were observed by sex, age, race/ethnicity, or disability status. Victims living with two parents were less likely to be injured (27.1%) than those living in other family structures (53.8%–59%, p Conclusions A substantial percentage of physical abuse victims are physically hurt to the point that they still feel pain the next day, are bruised, cut, or have a broken bone. Self-report data indicate this is a more common problem than official data sources suggest. The lack of an object in an incident of physical abuse does not protect a child from injury. The results underscore the impact of childhood physical abuse and the importance of early prevention activities.
Symbolic Play in School-Aged Minimally Verbal Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Few interventions exist for school-aged minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Even though play skills are associated with children's production of language, few studies have focused on play for minimally verbal children. Fifty-eight minimally verbal children with ASD received a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention. Children were randomized to receive a speech generating device in the context of the intervention or not. Children in both conditions improved in play skills at exit. Children demonstrated an increase in play skills in proximal (sessions) and distal (during blind assessment) contexts. Minimally verbal children with ASD can improve their play skills within a targeted intervention. Increases in symbolic play were associated with increases in expressive language skills.
The "Pat" effect: perceiving (and misperceiving) physically androgynous people

This investigation consists of three studies exploring the effects of physical androgyny on information processing and person perception. Study 1 examines the distracting influence of physical androgyny in a dual-task paradigm. Will individuals shift attention away from an ongoing task in an effort to categorize the gender of a physically androgynous person? Study 2 measures the type of inferences perceivers make about the personality, role behaviors, occupations, and sexual orientation of physically androgynous people. Study 3 explores the cognitive and affective consequences of gender miscategorization. How does mistaking a man for a woman (or vice versa) influence a perceiver's memory for that person and does gender miscategorization elicit an emotional response from the perceiver? Results did not support the hypotheses that physical androgyny will draw attention away from other tasks. Although cognitive consequences of gender miscategorization were somewhat evident in the data, affective consequences were not. Physical androgyny does influence perceivers' assumptions regarding an individual's personality and behavior. Perceivers tend to infer psychological androgyny from physical androgyny, both in terms of personality traits and gender-typed behaviors. Individuals also assume physically androgynous persons are more likely to be homosexual and less likely to be heterosexual than people whose gender is not ambiguous.
Staircase predictor models for reliability and risk analysis

Abstract This paper proposes a technique for constructing computational models describing the distribution of a continuous output variable given input-output data. These models are called Random Predictor Models (RPMs) because the predicted output corresponding to any given input is a random variable. We focus on RPMs having a bounded support set and prescribed values for the first four moments. This prescription, to be realized by staircase variables, enables modeling skewed and multimodal phenomena distributed over an input-dependent interval. Responses with such complex features often arise in structural dynamics. As an example we consider the reliability analysis of an aeroelastic airfoil subject to flutter instability whose data is corrupted by model-form uncertainty and measurement noise. Furthermore, we propose a risk analysis methodology to trade-off performance against reliability. This example demonstrates that substantial performance improvements are obtained by (taking the risk of) ignoring a small percentage of the predicted responses.
Dutch norms for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) – parent form for children aged 2–18 years

Identification of children at risk for psychosocial problems is important to be able to provide supportive and tailored care at an early stage. Due to its brevity and wide age range, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Parent Form is an appropriate instrument for use in paediatric clinical practice as it facilitates assessment of psychosocial functioning from young childhood into adulthood. The aim of the present study was to provide Dutch normative data for the SDQ Parent Form. A sample of 1947 parents with children aged 2–18 years was drawn from a large panel of a Dutch research agency, stratified on Dutch key demographics of the parents. The SDQ Parent Form assesses the child’s Emotional symptoms, Conduct problems, Hyperactivity-Inattention, Peer problems and Prosocial behaviour. Summary scores can be calculated: Internalising, Externalising and Total difficulties. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient) and normative scores (mean, median, clinical cut-off scores) of the SDQ- Parent Form were calculated in four age-groups 2–3, 4–5, 6–11 and 12–18 years. Gender differences were tested with independent t-tests. A total of 1174 parents (60.3%) completed the SDQ. In the age-groups 2–3 and 4–5, norm scores are not available for Conduct problems and Peer problems due to insufficient internal consistency. In addition, in age-group 2–3, norm scores for Emotional symptoms and Internalising are not available because of insufficient internal consistency. In the age-groups 6–11 and 12–18, norm scores are available for all scales, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients 0.53–0.86. The comparison by gender revealed that boys had more behavioural problems than girls (0.000 < p < 0.048), most prevalent for Hyperactivity-Inattention, Peer Problems, Prosocial behaviour, Externalising and Total Difficulties. Dutch normative data by age-group and gender are now available for parent-reported SDQ scores in children aged 2–18 years. Due to insufficient internal consistency, normative scores for 2–5 year-old children could not be presented for several SDQ scales. Yet, the SDQ Total score provides a reliable indication of the psychosocial functioning of younger children. In case of high Total scores in children younger than 6 years, alternatively to scale scores, the answers on the individual items could yield useful clinical information about the child’s problems.