cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical and biological responses of streams to wildfire severity in riparian zones

Summary We investigated the effects of a wildfire on stream physical, chemical and biological characteristics in a Mediterranean climate, comparing stream community structure and consumer resource use in burned versus unburned catchments in Santa Barbara County, CA, U.S.A. Canopy cover was lower and water temperature was higher in streams draining basins where the riparian vegetation burned than in streams in unburned basins or burned basins where riparian vegetation remained intact. Stream flow and suspended sediment concentrations during large post-fire storms and wet season nutrient levels were higher in burned than unburned catchments, with increased sedimentation after flood peaks. A year after fires, algal levels were highest in streams where riparian vegetation burned and lowest in streams in burned basins where the riparian canopy remained intact. In contrast, streams in burned basins had lower particulate organic matter, detritivore and predator levels than unburned basins, regardless of whether riparian vegetation burned. Where present, southern California steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were extirpated from burned basins. Algivore densities were high in streams with burned riparian vegetation for two post-fire years before declining to unburned stream levels. Shredder densities rebounded in streams in burned basins with intact riparian vegetation, but remained low for 4 years where riparian vegetation burned. Predatory invertebrate densities increased at sites where trout were eliminated by wildfire. Hydrogen stable isotope analysis indicated that the diets of most invertebrate taxa in streams with burned riparian vegetation a year after fires were comprised of a higher proportion of algal material than riparian detritus relative to invertebrates in streams with intact riparian vegetation. Wildfire impacts on stream food webs are determined, in part, by fire severity in the riparian zone. Streams with burned riparian canopies supported algal-based food webs and streams with intact riparian canopies sustained detrital-based food webs. Fire affected basal resources (nutrients, light, allochthonous inputs) with bottom-up effects on primary producers and consumers, but top-down effects were decoupled at the trophic link between invertebrate predators and primary consumers.
Host cues induce egg hatching and pre-parasitic foraging behaviour in the mosquito parasitic nematode, Strelkovimermis spiculatus.

The responses of eggs in diapause and the infective stage of the nematode, Strelkovimermis spiculatus ,t o larvae of its host, Culex pipiens pipiens, were investigated in the laboratory. The results indicated that the presence of the host induced the egg hatching. The hatching rate increased when larger numbers of host larvae were present. Second instar mosquito larvae induced significantly higher hatching rates than any other stages. These findings explain how S. spiculatus synchronizes its life cycle with its host life cycle and population dynamics to increase its fitness when the natural habitat is constantly covered by water. Direct exposure of the nematode eggs to host larvae resulted in consumption of as many as 20 eggs per host. The eggs consumed caused 0–70% host mortality depending on the number consumed, which indicated an infection path other than cuticle penetration although it may represent a rare situation in nature. The result of host cue assays showed that the combination of chemical cues and physical vibration induced the highest egg hatching, which may increase the chance of host availability after hatching. However, once hatched, the nematodes ignored vibrations and used only chemical cues for host location. These findings suggest that eggs hatch synchronously with the most susceptible mosquito stage and with peak mosquito larval density.
Effects of Clozapine Therapy in Schizophrenic Individuals at Risk for Tardive Dyskinesia

Neuroleptics were the first modern class of pharmacotherapeutic agents available for the treatment of schizophrenia. Although they were effective in reducing florid psychotic symptoms, up to 90% of treated individuals subsequently developed extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) (akathisia, dystonia, or parkinsonism), and about 20% developed tardive dyskinesia (TD). When clozapine became commercially available for treatment-resistant and treatment-intolerant (i.e., prone to EPS and TD) schizophrenic individuals, it became apparent that an antipsychotic need not induce motor side effects to be efficacious in reducing the symptomatology of schizophrenia. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical predictors of TD are useful in identifying a subset of schizophrenic individuals who would benefit from treatment with clozapine, the prototype atypical antipsychotic whose efficacy and motor side effect profile are superior to those of chlorpromazine. This favorable motor side effect profile of clozapine contributes to improved patient outcomes by reducing noncompliance, substance abuse, and suicide, resulting in improved quality of life and savings on health care costs.
“He Could Scare Me Without Laying a Hand on Me”: Mothers’ Experiences of Nonviolent Coercive Control During Marriage and After Separation

Studies demonstrate the negative effects of violent coercive control but few examine coercive control without violence. This study describes the characteristics of nonviolent coercive control among 8 divorcing mothers and compares them with 47 mothers who experienced violent coercive control or no violence/no control. Mothers with nonviolent coercive control reported more coping strategies, risk, harassment, and perceived threat than mothers with no violence/no control; similar levels of fear and control during marriage as mothers with violent coercive control; and more postseparation fear than both groups. Findings highlight the need to include nonviolent coercive control in screening methods and research measures.
Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT imaging for the diagnosis of gray matter heterotopia.

A 36-year-old right-handed woman with a 24-year history of medically refractory complex-partial seizures described as spells of staring and lip licking was referred for brain SPECT imaging. Tomographic imaging after intravenous administration of Tc-99m HMPAO and acetazolamide revealed abnormal focal areas of increased radiopharmaceutical accumulation in the white matter of the occipital region located at and above the level of the right lateral ventricle posteriorly. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study performed for comparison showed multiple corresponding foci of ectopic gray matter. This report reveals the utility of SPECT imaging in the localization of double cortex in patients with longstanding seizure disorders.
Etiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Nutrition

Salted fish (in the presence of nitrites and nitrates from rough salt) is a proven risk-factor in the etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Southern China and Southeast Asia, where salted fish is a common food. The current work points at another food that is common in Southeast Asia, which could be another risk factor for NPC. This food comes under the guise of different names in the many Southeast Asian countries. It is ‘belacan’ in Malaysia and ‘terasi’ in Indonesia, which is salted dried shrimp paste. One objective of the paper is to point to some shortcomings in recommendations placed online for the general public (by a very respectable body like the Mayo Clinic). Logic and basic science principles are used to arrive at the deductions. It is proposed that if clean salt with no nitrites and nitrates is used, salted fish may be safe to consume. From previous research, consumption of salted fish traditionally preserved, with vitamin C, could also be safe if no other carcinogens are present. It is noted that the Epstein-Barr virus needs to be present for NPC to be initiated. A presentation for proposed research in a new area related to NPC is outlined.
Calcium Homeostasis and Compartmentation in Liver

In recent years it has become increasingly apparent that changes of intracellular free Ca2+ exert a vital role as a transducing agent for the mediation of chemical events linking hormonal or other external stimulae to alterations of intracellular enzyme activities (Rasmussen and Goodman, 1977; Kretzinger, 1976; Bygrave, 1978). With liver, which has a low resting membrane potential and flux of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane, it has been suggested that α-adrenergic agents elicit a release of Ca2+ from intracellular storage sites, and a flux of Ca2+ between intracellular organelles and Ca2+ binding target proteins (Keppens et al., 1977; Blackmore and Exton, 1977; Chen et al., 1978; Exton, 1979). Thus, α-adrenergic activity in liver is thought to be mediated by cyclic AMP independent processes and to involve a direct increase of phosphorylase b kinase activity by a rise of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration from about 10−7 M to about 10−6 M (Exton, 1979; Khoo and Steinberg, 1975; Shimazo and Amakawa, 1975; Van de Werve et al., 1977). Although there is a considerable body of data concerning the effects of catecholamines, glucagon and other hormones on 45Ca2+flux in liver (Chen et al., 1978; Foden and Randle, 1978; Blackmore et al., 1979; Blackmore et al., 1978), a more detailed understanding of the sequence and molecular mechanisms of the events involved in these processes has been severely hampered by a lack of knowledge of the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration and calcium compartmentation within the cell.
Comparison of efficacies for Monochamus alternatus adult caught by panel traps baited with APF-I chemical attractant placed at different field positions

In order to construct scientific application methods,the effects of the trap spatial position on APF-Ⅰ chemical attractant's efficacy to attract Japanese pine sawyer adults,Monochamus alternatus,were evaluated at Pinus massoniana forest stand of Lianjiang,Fujian,China in May to August,2013. The results revealed that height and hill position showed significant influences on APF-Ⅰ chemical attractant's efficacy in field. The number of Japanese pine sawyer adults caught by traps baited with the attractant increased with the height of trap,and traps placed at 3 m height from the ground captured the most beetle adults. Both the traps placed at top of hill and hillside baited with the lures attracted significant more adults than the traps placed at foot of hill. Even though no significant differences were observed among the amounts of the adults caught by the traps placed at open and shady spots in pine forest stand,there exhibited a trend that the traps captured more adults at open spots than at shady spots. It was suggested that the traps should be selected to place at hillside,top of hill and open spots in the practices of using APF-Ⅰ chemical attractant to manage Japanese pine sawyer. At the same time,it was an useful option that placing the traps as high from the ground as possible in field manipulation.
Pilot study of newborn screening for six lysosomal storage diseases using Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Abstract Background There is current expansion of newborn screening (NBS) programs to include lysosomal storage disorders because of the availability of treatments that produce an optimal clinical outcome when started early in life. Objective To evaluate the performance of a multiplex-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) enzymatic activity assay of 6 lysosomal enzymes in a NBS laboratory for the identification of newborns at risk for developing Pompe, Mucopolysaccharidosis-I (MPS-I), Fabry, Gaucher, Niemann Pick-A/B, and Krabbe diseases. Methods and Results Enzyme activities (acid α-glucosidase (GAA), galactocerebrosidase (GALC), glucocerebrosidase (GBA), α-galactosidase A (GLA), α-iduronidase (IDUA) and sphingomyeline phosphodiesterase-1 (SMPD-1)) were measured on ~ 43,000 de-identified dried blood spot (DBS) punches, and screen positive samples were submitted for DNA sequencing to obtain genotype confirmation of disease risk. The 6-plex assay was efficiently performed in the Washington state NBS laboratory by a single laboratory technician at the bench using a single MS/MS instrument. The number of screen positive samples per 100,000 newborns were as follows: GAA (4.5), IDUA (13.6), GLA (18.2), SMPD1 (11.4), GBA (6.8), and GALC (25.0). Discussion A 6-plex MS/MS assay for 6 lysosomal enzymes can be successfully performed in a NBS laboratory. The analytical ranges (enzyme-dependent assay response for the quality control HIGH sample divided by that for all enzyme-independent processes) for the 6-enzymes with the MS/MS is 5- to 15-fold higher than comparable fluorimetric assays using 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates. The rate of screen positive detection is consistently lower for the MS/MS assay compared to the fluorimetric assay using a digital microfluidics platform.
Neutral Net Neutrality

Should applications receive special treatment from the network? And if so, who decides which applications are preferred? This discussion, known as net neutrality, goes beyond technology and is a hot political topic. In this paper we approach net neutrality from a user's perspective. Through user studies, we demonstrate that users do indeed want some services to receive preferential treatment; and their preferences have a heavy-tail: a one-size-fits-all approach is unlikely to work. This suggests that users should be able to decide how their traffic is treated. A crucial part to enable user preferences, is the mechanism to express them. To this end, we present network cookies, a general mechanism to express user preferences to the network. Using cookies, we prototype Boost, a user-defined fast-lane and deploy it in 161 homes.
Experimental investigation on the minimum approach distance for live working on 1000kV UHV compact transmission line

The reliability of UHV transmission system is important to the power grid and live working technology is a key method to cope with line components defects or fault without outage plan. In order to satisfy the design requirement of the UHV compact transmission lines, and to provide parameters for live line maintenance on those transmission lines, the air gaps switching impulse voltage discharge tests for typical working positions in the compact transmission line were tested at 1:1 ratio scale simulated tower in this paper. And the discharge characteristics of live working gaps were determined through the up and down voltage method. According to the risk criterion for live working, the minimum approach distance ensure that live working risk less than 1.0 ×10−5 in AC transmission line during working process exposed to statistical excepted maximum overvoltage level, and the live working minimum approach distance for phase to ground and phase to phase are 8.4m and 11.6m respectively at an altitude of 1000m and the below areas. The minimum approach distance for tension tower is 6.3m. The research results to provide references for the design and maintenance of UHV compact transmission lines and are benefit to ensure the reliability of the power grids.
Some thoughts about obsessional phenomena

The author proposes that the propensity to develop obsessional modes of reaction is virtually ubiquitous and, for most people, highly adaptive. As for other parameters of functioning (e.g. blood pressure, blood glucose etc.) there is a range of “obsessionality” which is essential for survival. From the standpoint of the clinician the following questions need to be addressed: (1) Is there a pattern of developmental experiences which can be correlated with the emergence of obsessional phenomena? (2) Are there defineable life circumstances which can be related both to the failure to develop appropriate levels of obsessionality and to the development of a level of obsessionality which is maladaptive? (3) How to distinguish the obsessional character from the individual suffering from an obsessional neurosis? and (4) What therapeutic interventions are likely to be effective in the managment of the obsessional individual?
IMEX: overcoming intractability in explanation based learning

Compiled knowledge, which allows macro inference steps through an explanation space, can enable explanation-based learning (EBL) systems to reason efficiently in complex domains. Without this knowledge, the explanation of goal concepts is not generally feasible; moreover, the problem of finding the most general operational concept definition is intractable. Unfortunately, the use of compiled knowledge leads to explanations which yield overly specific concept definitions. These concept definitions may be overly specific in one of two ways: either a similar concept definition with one or more constants changed to variables is operational, or a concept definition which is more general, according to the implication rules of the domain theory, is operational. This paper introduces a method (IMEX) for modifying, in a directed manner, the explanation structures of goal concepts that have been derived using compiled knowledge. In this way, more general operational concept definitions may be obtained.
Hereditary hemochromatosis: impact of molecular and iron-based testing on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of a common, chronic disease

○ Objective.-To review the current state-of-the-art regarding the role of iron- and DNA-based testing on the detection, treatment, and prevention of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), the most common single-gene disorder in white people. Sources.-Review of the medical literature, with particular emphasis on recent reports of the impact of DNA-based testing on the detection of symptomatic and presymptomatic patients with HH. Conclusions.-Hereditary hemochromatosis, a common autosomal recessive iron overload disorder (with a population prevalence of 0.3%-0.8%), is a common cause of preventable liver, heart, joint, and endocrine disease. Since the associated clinical signs and symptoms are nonspecific, an accurate HH diagnosis demands both a high index of suspicion and the direct laboratory demonstration of elevated iron parameters. The substantial public health burden of HH as a common, deadly, detectable, and treatable chronic disease has led the College of American Pathologists to recommend that systematic screening for hemochromatosis is warranted for all persons over the age of 20 years. The recent discovery that most HH cases are the result of a single well-conserved homozygous missense mutation (C282Y) within a novel transferrin-receptor binding protein (HFE) has given rise to diagnostic clinical tests for the DNA-based detection of this pathologic mutation. This direct HFE mutation test can now be used not only to confirm the diagnosis of HH in those with symptomatic disease, but also, perhaps more importantly, to detect those with presymptomatic iron overload in whom future disease manifestations may be prevented (with phlebotomy therapy).
Evaluating which plan quality metrics are appropriate for use in lung SBRT.

Objective:Several dose metrics in the categories—homogeneity, coverage, conformity and gradient have been proposed in literature for evaluating treatment plan quality. In this study, we applied these metrics to characterize and identify the plan quality metrics that would merit plan quality assessment in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) dose distributions.Methods:Treatment plans of 90 lung SBRT patients, comprising 91 targets, treated in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Dose calculations were performed using anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) with heterogeneity correction. A literature review on published plan quality metrics in the categories—coverage, homogeneity, conformity and gradient was performed. For each patient, using dose-volume histogram data, plan quality metric values were quantified and analysed.Results: For the study, the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) defined plan quality metrics were: coverage (0.90 ± 0.08); homogeneity (1.27 ± 0.07); conformity ...
Relationship Between the Subcostal and Right Lateral Ultrasound Views of Inferior Vena Cava Collapse: Implications for Clinical Use of Ultrasonography

Background The collapsibility index of the inferior vena cava is traditionally visualized from the subcostal region in the sagittal plane, referred to here as cIVC SS . Alternatively, the collapsibility index of the inferior vena cava can be visualized from the right midaxillary line in the coronal plane, referred to here as cIVC RC . It is unclear whether values of cIVC RC are comparable with values of cIVC SS because the inferior vena cava collapses asymmetrically into an elliptical form, quantified as the flat ratio of the inferior vena cava (F-IVC). This study aimed (1) to establish if cIVC RC is concordant or discordant to cIVC SS , and (2) to describe how this concordance or discordance is related to F-IVC. Methods This single-center cross-sectional study enrolled 110 spontaneously breathing patients. Values of cIVC RC were compared with cIVC SS . Performance of cIVC RC ≥ 42% in predicting fluid responsiveness, defined as cIVC SS ≥ 42%, was assessed. F-IVC was also correlated to the difference between cIVC SS and cIVC RC . Results cIVC RC ≥ 42% was 61.5% sensitive (95% CI, 31.58%-86.14%) and 67.1% specific (95% CI, 55.81%-77.06%) for predicting cIVC SS ≥ 42%. cIVC RC underestimated cIVC SS . The degree of discordance between cIVC RC and cIVC SS was proportional to the value of F-IVC. Conclusions cIVC RC and cIVC SS measures are discordant, where cIVC RC underestimates cIVC SS . The degree of discordance is directly proportional to the value of F-IVC. Therefore, we recommend that cIVC RC ≥ 42% be used to rule in, but not to rule out, fluid responsivity. Wherever possible, F-IVC should be assessed to understand the clinical relevance of cIVC RC .
A Social Network Analysis of International Collaboration in Counseling Psychology

Over the past two decades, counseling psychology has emerged as an international discipline. Despite efforts to internationalize counseling psychology and increase cross-cultural relationships, few...
Optical coherence tomography reveals complex motion between the basilar membrane and organ of corti in the gerbil cochlea

The mechanical basis of auditory transduction within the mammalian cochlea is not fully understood but relies on complex mechanical interactions between different structures within the Organ of Corti (OoC). We used spectral domain phase microscopy, a functional extension of optical coherence tomography (OCT), to measure the sound-evoked motion in response to “Zwuis” frequency complexes, in vivo, in the basal region of the gerbil cochlea. Because OCT allows for measurements from multiple axial positions along the optical path, we are able to simultaneously record vibration at different points within the OoC between the basilar membrane (BM) and tectorial membrane. Imaging through the round window membrane, we could record from several longitudinal locations along the cochlea and at each location, we measured from several radial positions. Both the BM and intra-OoC vibrations are tuned and show nonlinear amplification, or compressive growth, with the applied sound pressure level. Similar to recent reports (...
Automated Vehicle Legislative Issues

This paper provides a synthesis of issues addressed by state legislation in relation to automated vehicles (AV); technologies are rapidly evolving and many states have developed legislation to gove...
Dual-Band and Polarization-Flexible CRLH Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Resonant Antenna

A dual-band and polarization-flexible substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) resonant antenna based on composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) structure is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of a CRLH SIW resonator and dual feeding lines. A slot and surface-mount technology capacitors on the top metallic layer of SIW resonator provide necessary reactance to realize multiresonance CRLH structure. Due to the intrinsic multiband characteristic of a CRLH structure, the proposed antenna can provide dual-band broadside radiations. Polarization flexibility is realized by two orthogonal feedlines. Utilizing the CRLH resonator instead of the conventional square resonator, such as patch antenna, allows antenna miniaturization. The electrical lengths of the sidewalls for the proposed square SIW resonant antenna are 75% (for first resonant mode) and 44% (for second resonant mode) shorter than that of the previously proposed dual-band polarization-flexible SIW antenna. To highlight the unique advantages, the dual-band circularly polarized antenna array based on the proposed antenna element is presented. Dual-band circularly polarized radiation is supported by the dual-band CRLH transmission-line-based feeding network.
Life events and alcohol use disorder clinical course: Modeling the dynamic association.

Abstract Background Despite over 35 years of study, the relationship between life events (LEs) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment outcome lacks consistent empirical support, which may be due to a lack of theoretically driven designs and corresponding statistical analyses. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the LEs-AUD treatment outcome relationship by statistically modeling the dynamic relationship between negative LEs and alcohol use post-treatment, as it is conceptualized within the dynamic model of relapse. Methods Existing longitudinal data from 417 AUD treatment-seeking adults were randomly assigned to two demographically comparable samples. One sample ( N = 208) was used to estimate a series of dynamic bivariate latent change score models that differentially relate latent indicators of distal and proximal negative LEs (i.e., events subjectively rated as negative) and percent heavy drinking days across 12 months. Cross-validation was conducted on the second sample ( N = 209). Results Findings indicated that distal negative LEs were positively associated with a greater increase in negative LEs, but not heavy drinking, over the subsequent 12 months. Proximal negative LEs were significantly associated with subsequent increases in heavy drinking, though heavy drinking was not a determinant of change in negative LEs. These findings were cross-validated with the second sample. Conclusions This study provides initial justification for the further study of the LEs-alcohol use relationship as it is described in the dynamic model of relapse.
Geometric Classification of Commutative Algebras of Ordinary Differential Operators

The purpose of this paper is to give a geometric classification of all commutative algebras consisting of linear ordinary differential operators whose coefficients are scalar-valued functions.
Predictors of Early ( 30 Days) Onset De Novo Ventricular Arrhythmia Following Continuous Flow- Left Ventricular Assist Device (CF-LVAD) Implantation

Background A significant proportion of patients develop new onset ventricular arrhythmia (VAs) after implantation of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). Factors associated with these de novo VAs remain unexplored. Objective Identify factors associated with de-novo ventricular arrhythmia after CF-LVAD implantation. Methods A single center retrospective review of patients undergoing CF-LVAD implantation between 2000 and 2015 was done to identify patients without any history of VAs. Patient characteristics, operative variables and outcomes including development of arrhythmias were assessed. Results 296 patients without previously documented ventricular arrhythmia underwent CF-LVAD implant. Two hundred and thirty (77.7%) remained free of VAs for their respective duration of follow-up. The remaining 66 (22.3%) patients developed de novo ventricular arrhythmia (VAs). Of these, 37 (12.5%) had early onset ( 30 days) de-novo VAs. On multivariable analysis, need for temporary mechanical circulatory support (OR:2.15, p=0.013); diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.79, p=0.043); pre-op hemoglobin 600 U/L (OR:0.53, p=0.041) were associated with early onset de-novo VAs. Low ejection fraction 7.5 cm (OR: 3.90, P=0.099)] and history of diabetes mellitus (OR:2.07, p=0.083) also exhibited statistical trends towards late onset de novo VAs in the multivariable model. Conclusions Whereas immediate preoperative clinical status or comorbidities of the patients undergoing CF-LVAD implant predicted early onset VAs, the structural and compromised functional cardiac status turned out to be predictors for late onset de novo VAs.
Energy and Processing Demand Analysis of TLS Protocol in Internet of Things Applications

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is the de-facto protocol for secure communication in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, the processing and energy demands of this protocol are two essential parameters that must be taken into account with respect to the resource-constraint nature of IoT devices. In this paper, we study the resource consumption of the TLS handshake using a testbed in which an IoT board (Cypress CYW43907) communicates with a Raspberry Pi server over an 802.11 wireless link. Although TLS supports a wide-array of encryption algorithms, we focus on the performance of TLS using three of the most popular and robust cipher suites. Our experiments show that ciphers using Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman (ECDHE) key exchange are considerably more efficient than ciphers using Diffie Hellman (DHE). Furthermore, ECDSA signature verification consumes more time and energy than RSA signature verification given ECDHE key exchange. The studies of this paper help IoT designers choose an appropriate TLS cipher suite based on application demands, computational capabilities, and available energy resources.
Comparison of Alemtuzumab Versus Basiliximab Induction Therapy in Elderly Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Experience.

Background:The optimal choice of induction immunosuppression for elderly kidney transplant recipients remains unclear. Although alemtuzumab has been associated with escalating risk of death and gra...
Aesthetic Experience and Global Competence: a museum-inspired online course

This article presents Aesthetic Experience and Global Competence, a graduate-level online course for educators in all areas, whose development was rooted in art museum education practices. The arti...
Implementation of a Neonatal RSI Pre-sedation Protocol and Effect on First Attempt Endotracheal Intubation Attempts for Neonatal Transport Team Members

Implementation of a Neonatal RSI Pre-sedation Protocol and Effect on First Attempt Endotracheal Intubation Attempts for Neonatal Transport Team Members PURPOSE In pediatric and adult transport environments, strong evidence demonstrates that Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) Protocols improve first attempt endotracheal intubation success rates. While RSI Protocols are used in hospital-based Neonatal lntensive Care Units (NICU), their use during neonatal transport is just emerging. Using Quality Improvement (QI) …
"Who Are These People and Why Are They Saying These Things?": George Heller and the Growth of Historical Research in Music Education.

This historical investigation explores the life of George N. Heller (1941–2004) and his influence on historical research in music education and music therapy. By means of primary source materials, ...
Marginal probabilities and point estimation for conditionally specified logistic regression

Conditionally specified logistic regression (CSLR) models p binary response variables. It is shown that marginal probabilities can be derived for a CSLR model. We also extend the CSLR model by allo...
High-Energy Flux Density Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Versus Traditional Physical Therapy Modalities in Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Randomized-controlled, Single-Blind Trial

Objectives This study aims to investigate the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on pain, sleep, fatigue, disability, depression, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Patients and methods Between March 2018 and September 2018, a total of 94 patients (16 males, 78 females; mean age 44.2±11.94 years; range, 19 to 74 years) with the diagnosis of MPS were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. The treatment group consisted of 49 patients and a total of seven sessions of high-energy flux density ESWT (H-ESWT) (0.26 mJ/mm2) were given with three days interval. The control group consisted of 45 patients and the treatment of hot pack, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and ultrasound was given for five days for two weeks. At baseline and one month after treatment, the visual analog scale (VAS), Short Form-36 (SF-36), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue Scale, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were compared between the groups. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the age, sex, demographic characteristics, and baseline VAS, SF-36, NDI, BDI, FACIT, and PSQI scores between the groups (p>0.05). In the ESWT group, there was a statistically significant decrease in the VAS, SF-36, NDI, BDI, FACIT, and PSQI scores after treatment compared to the baseline scores, while only the SF-36 subscale scores were statistically significantly higher (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation between the VAS and SF-36 scores and the BDI, NDI, FACIT and PSQI scores after the treatment. Conclusion Our study results suggest that H-ESWT is more effective than traditional physical therapy methods on pain, QoL, sleep, fatigue, depression, and disability in patients with MPS.
The Welfare of Pigs

Series Preface Acknowledgements List of Contributors 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE WELFARE OF PIGS Jeremy N. Marchant-Forde 2. THE NATURAL BEHAVIOR OF THE PIG Richard B. D'Eath and Simon P. Turner 3. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF COGNITION, BEHAVIOURAL PRIORITIES AND EMOTIONS Suzanne Held, Jonathan J. Cooper and Michael T. Mendl 4. WELFARE OF DRY SOWS Jeremy N. Marchant-Forde 5. WELFARE OF PIGS IN THE FARROWING ENVIRONMENT Anna K. Johnson and Jeremy N. Marchant-Forde 6. HOUSING THE FATTENING PIG Niamh E. O'Connell 7. PIGS AND HUMANS Hans A.M. Spoolder and Susanne Waiblinger 8. BALANCE BETWEEN PORCINE DISEASE AND WELFARE Wim J.A. Boersma, Jan van der Meulen and Theo A. Niewold 9. WELFARE INTO PRACTICE David C.J. Main 10. WELFARE OF PIGS DURING TRANSPORT AND SLAUGHTER Jeremy N. Marchant-Forde and Ruth M. Marchant-Forde 11. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF THE WELFARE OF PIGS Donald C. Lay, Jr and Jeremy N. Marchant-Forde INDEX
The Prescription Abuse Prevention Act: A New Federal Statute to Criminalize Overprescribing Opioids

We are in a national emergency—an epidemic of opioid addiction and abuse—that has claimed the lives of more than 700,000 Americans at a cost of more than 500 billion dollars to the economy in the last twenty years. Even now, on average 130 people die every day from an opioid overdose, making it a leading cause of injury-related death in the United States. And 70 percent of those deaths involve an opioid that a doctor legally prescribed. There is a growing sense that those responsible for the epidemic—specifically doctors who overprescribe these drugs have escaped responsibility. In the last decade nation-wide, criminal charges against doctors have numbered only in the few hundred. Thus, a disparity exists between the size of the opioid epidemic and the number of people, specifically overprescribing doctors, who have been held to account for deaths resulting from prescribing these dangerously addictive drugs. This raises questions: Given the increasing number of opioid overdose deaths nationally, why are charges and convictions of doctors so rare? And why haven’t existing legal mechanisms worked to punish the improper prescribing practices and curb the epidemic so far? The problem of overprescribing opioids persists because the current law, the federal—the Controlled Substances Act—is unclear and lacks uniform application. This article examines these issues and others. It is the first article in legal scholarship to offer concrete and common-sense solutions, including one grounded in a proposed new federal criminal statute aimed directly at those doctors who knowingly violate acceptable health care norms in prescribing opioids. The novel federal homicide law proposed here will deter and punish physicians whose reckless prescription practices cause their patients’ deaths while also providing the space for those doctors engaged in legitimate pain treatment and management to use these drugs to relieve suffering.
Interlayer bonding strength of 3D printed PEEK specimens.

Recent advances in extrusion-based filament 3D printing technology enable the processability of high-performance polymers. Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is an important group of high-performance polymer that has been widely used in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical applications. The interlayer bonding strength of 3D printed PEEK is crucial for load-bearing applications, yet studies on 3D printed PEEK are sparse due to processing challenges. In this study, the three-point flexural test is used to study the interlayer bonding strength of 3D-printed PEEK specimens with respect to the printing process parameters, including nozzle temperature, print speed, layer height, and wait-time. A design of experiment (DOE) approach is developed to study correlations between printing parameters and the end-use properties, including flexural stress (σf) and strain at break (ef), flexural modulus (Ef), and crystallinity (χ). Our results show that the nozzle temperature, layer height, and wait-time significantly affect the interlayer bonding strength, with nozzle temperature being the most influential parameter to enhance interlayer bonding strength indicated by a significant increase in σf, ef, and χ. Thermal annealing post-printing is shown to increase the degree of χ and Ef, yet its effect on interlayer bonding strength is minimal, indicating that the interlayer bonding strength is primarily determined during the printing process. This study demonstrates the use of a three-point flexural test integrated with a versatile and robust DOE approach to study the interlayer bonding strength of PEEK to reduce product development time while improving mechanical properties.
Problematic smartphone use: The role of reward processing, depressive symptoms and self-control.

Abstract The widespread adoption of smartphones has been associated with the emergence of problematic smartphone use. Problematic smartphone use is consistently associated with increased levels of depression and lower self-control, and pathological technology use more generally may be associated with reduced activity in the reward system, an effect that is also observed in depression and with poor self-control. The current study sought to examine the association between problematic smartphone use and event-related potentials (ERPs) related to reward processing, and to determine whether reward processing, depressive symptoms and self-control have shared or unique influences on problematic smartphone use. The sample was drawn from a university student population (N = 94, age M = 19.34, SD = 1.23 years, 67 female, 25 male, 1 gender non-conforming, 1 unidentified). Participants performed a gambling task while EEG was recorded and completed measures of smartphone pathology, depressive symptoms and self-control. The ERP data revealed that increasing problematic smartphone use was associated with reduced ERP amplitude for gains and losses when individuals were the agent of choice, but not when the computer chose. This may reflect a selective association between problematic smartphone use and neural prediction errors. Regression analyses revealed that reward processing, depressive symptoms and self-control were predictors of problematic smartphone use, possibly revealing multiple pathways to problematic smartphone use.
Enhancement of balance, and mobility in individuals with multiple sclerosis using visual cue guided multidirectional step training - A pilot study.

BACKGROUND Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) often experience limitations in mobility due to impairment of gait and balance. Rehabilitation approaches to improve balance and mobility in individuals with MS are limited. We have developed a novel visual cue guided multi-direction step (MDS) training method to improve balance and mobility in individuals with MS. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of MDS training on balance, gait, and mobility in individuals with MS. METHODS Five individuals with relapsing- remitting MS participated in the 4-week training involving stepping in eight directions in response to a visual cue. Balance, gait, and mobility were assessed before and after training. RESULTS Training related improvements were seen in the limits of stability (p< .05), spatial and temporal gait parameters (p<.05), and performance of the Tinetti Mobility Assessment (p=.001), 10-Meter Walk test (p<.001), and Four-Square Step test (p<.002). CONCLUSION Balance, gait, and mobility in individuals with MS could be improved after 4 weeks of visual cue guided multi-direction stepping training. Outcomes from this feasibility study could help to refocus conventional rehabilitation strategies aimed at aiding individuals with MS to achieve maximal independence in mobility.
Evolution of antigen-specific follicular helper T cell transcriptional programs across effector function and through to memory

Understanding how follicular helper T cells (TFH) regulate the specialization, maturation, and differentiation of adaptive B cell immunity is crucial for developing durable high-affinity immune protection. Using indexed-single cell molecular strategies, we reveal a skewed intra-clonal assortment of higher affinity TCR and the distinct molecular programming of the localized TFH compartment compared to emigrant conventional effector TH (ETH) cells. We find a temporal shift in BCR class switch which permits identification of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory modules of transcriptional programming that subspecialize TFH function before and during the germinal center (GC) reaction. Late collapse of this local primary GC reaction reveals a persistent post-GC TFH population which discloses a putative memory TFH program. These studies define specialized antigen-specific TFH transcriptional programs that progressively direct class-specific evolution of high-affinity B cell immunity and uncover the transcriptional program of a memory TFH population as the regulators of antigen recall. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=149 SRC="FIGDIR/small/460841v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (48K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@21bb64org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@95d8aborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c3e9d5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@12c9fda_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG SummaryDistinct inflammatory and anti-inflammatory antigen-specific TFH transcriptional programs regulate class-specific B cell maturation. Highlights- Skewed intra-clonal assortment of high affinity TCR into the TFH compartment - Significant temporal delay in anti-inflammatory IgG1 production - Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory transcriptional modules subspecialize TFH - Late GC collapse reveals a persisting post-GC putative memory TFH compartment
Novel ESD Compact Modeling Methodology Using Machine Learning Techniques for Snapback and Non-Snapback ESD devices

Novel ESD compact modeling methodology using machine learning techniques is proposed for the first time in this paper. ESD compact modeling for snapback and non-snapback ESD protection devices are discussed. Comparisons between conventional, novel fitting methodology and different machine learning models are discussed. The advantages of this novel methodology are introduced and methods to further improve the model accuracy are also discussed.
Opendf - An Implementation of the Dual Fermion Method for Strongly Correlated Systems

Abstract The dual fermion method is a multiscale approach for solving lattice problems of interacting strongly correlated systems. In this paper, we present the opendf code, an open-source implementation of the dual fermion method applicable to fermionic single- orbital lattice models in dimensions D = 1, 2, 3 and 4. The method is built on a dynamical mean field starting point, which neglects all local correlations, and perturbatively adds spatial correlations. Our code is distributed as an open-source package under the GNU public license version 2.
Active Control and Stability of Cable-Stayed Bridge

The dynamic stability analysis of a typical two cable-stayed bridge implemented by the active feedback control systems has been carried out. The control systems (hydraulic servomechanisms) are connected to the existing four suspension cables so that under severe wind storm these cables serve also as active tendons. The bridge is subjected to both the buffeting and the self-excited loads as well as the control forces from the tendons (cables). The analysis has been applied to the Sitka Harbor Bridge in Alaska, as well as a hypothetical bridge with a much smaller stiffness. Numerical results indicate that the flutter speed of both bridges can be raised up to any desirable level or infinity by a suitable choice of the design values for the active control parameters.
Effect of Carbohydrate Supplementation on Investment into Offspring Number, Size, and Condition in a Social Insect.

Resource availability can determine an organism’s investment strategies for growth and reproduction. When nutrients are limited, there are potential tradeoffs between investing into offspring number versus individual offspring size. In social insects, colony investment in offspring size and number may shift in response to colony needs and the availability of food resources. We experimentally manipulated the diet of a polymorphic ant species (Solenopsis invicta) to test how access to the carbohydrate and amino acid components of nectar resources affect colony investment in worker number, body size, size distributions, and individual percent fat mass. We reared field-collected colonies on one of four macronutrient treatment supplements: water, amino acids, carbohydrates, and amino acid and carbohydrates. Having access to carbohydrates nearly doubled colony biomass after 60 days. This increase in biomass resulted from an increase in worker number and mean worker size. Access to carbohydrates also altered worker body size distributions. Finally, we found a negative relationship between worker number and size, suggesting a tradeoff in colony investment strategies. This tradeoff was more pronounced for colonies without access to carbohydrate resources. The monopolization of plant-based resources has been implicated in the ecological success of ants. Our results shed light on a possible mechanism for this success, and also have implications for the success of introduced species. In addition to increases in colony size, our results suggest that having access to plant-based carbohydrates can also result in larger workers that may have better individual fighting ability, and that can withstand greater temperature fluctuations and periods of food deprivation.
Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Management and Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Structural Heart Disease

Treatment for ventricular tachycardia (VT) generally includes 1 or more of the following options: antiarrhythmic therapy, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and/or catheter ablation. Catheter ablation is performed with an electroanatomic mapping system to define the heart's 3D anatomy, as well as regions of scar. Radiofrequency energy is then applied to areas of abnormal substrate within which are located channels critical to the VT circuit. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a non-invasive modality that provides high-resolution images of cardiac structure and function. CMR has become a very useful tool for sudden cardiac death risk stratification and to facilitate successful radiofrequency ablation of VT in patients with abnormal cardiac substrate. The role of CMR in the management and treatment of VT in patients with structural heart disease is reviewed.