cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An innovative direct measurement of the GRAIL absolute timing of Science Data

The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL), a NASA Discovery mission, twin spacecraft were launched on 10 September 2012 and were inserted into lunar orbit on 31 December 2011 and 01 January 20121. The objective of the mission was to measure a high-resolution lunar gravity field using inter-spacecraft range measurements in order to investigate the interior structure of the Moon from crust to core. The first step in the lunar gravity field determination process involved correcting for general relativity, measurement noise, biases and relative & absolute timing. Three independent clocks participated in the process and needed to be correlated after the fact. Measuring the absolute time tags for the GRAIL mission data turned out to be a challenging task primarily because of limited periods when such measurements could be conducted. Unlike the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), where absolute timing measurements are available using the GPS system2, no absolute timing measurements were available on the far side of the Moon or when there were no DSN coverage periods. During the early cruise phase, it was determined that a direct absolute timing measurement of each spacecraft Lunar Gravity Ranging System (LGRS) clock could be directly observed by using a DSN station to eavesdrop on the Time Transfer System (TTS) S-band inter-satellite ranging signal. By detecting the TTS system directly on earth, the LGRS clock can be correlated directly to Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) because the TTS and LGRS use the same clock to time-tag their measurements3. This paper describes the end-to-end preparation process by building and installing a dedicated hardware at Goldstone station DSS-24, selecting favorable lunar orbit geometries, real time signal detection and post processing, and finally how the absolute timing is used in the overall construction of lunar gravity fields.
Estradiol Requirements for Induction and Maintenance of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Surge: Implications for Neuroendocrine Processing of the Estradiol Signal

Two experiments were performed to examine the temporal requirements of the estradiol signal for the GnRH and LH surges in the ewe. Hypophyseal portal and jugular blood (to measure GnRH and LH, respectively) were sampled from ewes set up in an artificial follicular phase model. After progesterone withdrawal to simulate luteolysis, circulating estradiol was raised to a preovulatory level by inserting estradiol implants, which then were removed at different times to vary estradiol signal duration. The objective of the first experiment was to assess the effect of withdrawing estradiol at surge onset on development and maintenance of the GnRH/LH surges. Removal of estradiol, before surge onset, neither altered the LH surge in relation to that induced when the estradiol stimulus was maintained nor affected stimulation of a massive and sustained GnRH surge that outlasted the LH surge by many hours. Continued estradiol treatment, however, did prolong the GnRH surge. In the second experiment, the estradiol stimulu...
SU-E-T-414: Clinical Implementation of Anthropomorphic Lung Phantom for Patient-Specific SAbR QA.

Purpose:Dose calculations for lung stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SAbR) are challenged by the presence of extremely heterogeneous tissue and small treatment volumes. In this work, an anthropomorphic chest phantom has been constructed for the purpose of commissioning treatment planning systems (TPS) and for patient‐specific SAbR QA. Methods: A CT scan of a realistic chest phantom containing tissue equivalent materials for the spine, ribs, and lungs was imported into a Pinnacle TPS (CCC dose algorithm) where treatment plans were created for right and left‐sided lung lesions. The phantom lungs are unique in that they contain embedded unit density spherical targets (2 and 4cm in diameter) that represent lung lesions. Plans directed to both tumors were designed for PTVs ranging from 2–5cm in diameter using 6, 10, and 15MV beams while passing RTOG 0813 dose and conformality criteria. Each plan was then exported to an Eclipse TPS (AAA dose algorithm) for dose calculation. Plans were delivered with a TrueBeam LINAC corrected for machine output. Point dose measurementswere verified with a 0.015 cc air ionization chamber placed in the center of each tumor.Results: While the majority of plans developed in Pinnacle passed conformality criteria, the dose distribution as calculated in Eclipse failed to meet the RTOG guidelines, particularly for the small tumor at higher photon energies. All point dose measurements matched both TPS within 4%. Both TPS calculated a lower point dose than measured for large PTVs at all energies, improving as PTV size decreased. Conclusions: After comparing TPS and validating calculations with point dose measurements, the phantom was clinically implemented for patient‐specific conformal SAbR QA.
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with pyrazole-1-carboxamidine and related compounds.

Guanidines, amidines, S-alkylisothioureas, and other compounds containing the amidine function (−C(=NH)NH2) have been described as inhibitors of the generation of nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthase (NOS). Here we report on the inhibition of the activity of NOS isoforms by compounds in which the amidine function is attached to a nitrogen of 1,2-diazo heterocycles to form N-carboxamidines and related compounds. 1H-Pyrazole-1-carboxamidine HCl (PCA) inhibited the activity of purified inducible NOS (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS) isoforms to a similar extent (ic50 = 0.2 μM). 3-Methyl-PCA and 4-methyl-PCA showed reduced potencies, but a preference for iNOS [ic50 = 5 and 2.4 μM, respectively; cf. NG-methyl-l-arginine (NMA) ic50 = 6 μM]. Inhibition of purified iNOS by PCAs could be reversed completely by excess l-arginine, while their inhibition of NO production by stimulated RAW macrophages could be reversed by transfer to a drug-free medium. This suggests a competitive mode of inhibition. PCA caused potent concentration-dependent inhibition of the acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxations of precontracted rat thoracic aorta (ic50 = 30 μM). 4-Methyl-PCA inhibited the relaxations only at ≥300 μM. In contrast, 4-methyl-PCA was more effective than both PCA and NMA in restoring the ex vivo contractility of aortic rings taken from lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. PCA and NMA, but not 4-methyl-PCA, caused marked increases in mean arterial pressure when administered i.v. to anesthetized rats. In conclusion, PCA and related compounds caused potent inhibition of NOS. Substitution of the pyrazole ring reduced potency, but improved selectivity towards iNOS as exemplified by 4-methyl-PCA.
Building a large instruction window through ROB compression

Current processors require a large number of in-flight instructions in order to look for further parallelism and hide the increasing gap between memory latency and processor cycle time. These in-flight instructions are typically stored in centralized structures called reorder buffer (ROB), which is a centerpiece to handle precise exceptions and recover a safe state in the event of a branch misprediction. However, this structure is becoming so big that it is difficult to fit it in the power budget of future processors designs. In this paper we propose a novel ROB microarchitecture named CROB (Compressed ROB) that can compress ROB entries and therefore give the illusion of having a larger virtual ROB than the number of ROB entries. The performance study of CROB shows a tremendous benefit, with an average speedup of 20% and 12% for a 128-entry and 256-entry ROB respectively. For some benchmark categories such as SpecFP2000, speedup raise up to 30%.
Characterization of marine macroalgae by fluorescence signatures

The feasibility of distinguishing macroalgal classes by their fluorescence signatures was investigated using narrow-waveband light to excite groups of accessory pigments in brown, red, and green macroalgae and measuring fluorescence emission at 685 nm. Results obtained on 20 marine macroalgae field-collected samples showed that fluorescence excitation signatures were relatively uniform within phylogenetic classes but were substantially different for different classes. It is suggested that it may be possible to characterize the type and the abundance of subtidal macroalgae from low-flying aircraft using existing laser-induced fluorescence methodology.
The influence of the optical viewing axis on the performance of the microwave-induced plasma GC detector

The choice of viewing axis influences the sensitivity and selectivity of the GC-MIP detector. Axial (end-on) viewing provides higher sensitivity, but lateral (side-on) viewing yields improved selectivity.
Decentralized Geolocation and Bias Estimation for Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles with Articulating Cameras

The cooperative geolocation of a point of interest using multiple uninhabited aerial vehicles with articulating camera sensors is addressed, where there are non-zero-mean errors (biases) in the estimate of the uninhabited aerial vehicle state. The proposed approach is to use the onboard navigation solution in the estimator and, further, to consider biases across all uninhabited aerial vehicles and to jointly estimate both the biases and the unknown point-of-interest location. Furthermore, a decentralized solution is presented that uses marginalization of the biases, thus allowing the uninhabited aerial vehicles to share only information about the point of interest and model only their local biases. This decentralized approach saves significant computation and scales well with the number of uninhabited aerial vehicles. Real flight-test data and hardware-in-the-loop simulations are used to demonstrate the improvement in geolocation with bias estimation, as well as the effectiveness of the new decentralized point of interest and bias estimation algorithm, for both stationary and moving points of interest.
Prevalence and Frequency of Problems of Concerned Family Members with a Substance Using Loved One

Background: Limited research has examined the prevalence and frequency of specific problems of concerned family members and significant others (CSOs) of alcohol- or substance-using individuals (SUI...
The C2B Domain of Synaptotagmin I Is a Ca2+-Binding Module†

Synaptotagmin I is a synaptic vesicle protein that contains two C(2) domains and acts as a Ca(2+) sensor in neurotransmitter release. The Ca(2+)-binding properties of the synaptotagmin I C(2)A domain have been well characterized, but those of the C(2)B domain are unclear. The C(2)B domain was previously found to pull down synaptotagmin I from brain homogenates in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, leading to an attractive model whereby Ca(2+)-dependent multimerization of synaptotagmin I via the C(2)B domain participates in fusion pore formation. However, contradictory results have been described in studies of Ca(2+)-dependent C(2)B domain dimerization, as well as in analyses of other C(2)B domain interactions. To shed light on these issues, the C(2)B domain has now been studied using biophysical techniques. The recombinant C(2)B domain expressed as a GST fusion protein and isolated by affinity chromatography contains tightly bound bacterial contaminants despite being electrophoretically pure. The contaminants bind to a polybasic sequence that has been previously implicated in several C(2)B domain interactions, including Ca(2+)-dependent dimerization. NMR experiments show that the pure recombinant C(2)B domain binds Ca(2+) directly but does not dimerize upon Ca(2+) binding. In contrast, a cytoplasmic fragment of native synaptotagmin I from brain homogenates, which includes the C(2)A and C(2)B domains, participates in a high molecular weight complex as a function of Ca(2+). These results show that the recombinant C(2)B domain of synaptotagmin I is a monomeric, autonomously folded Ca(2+)-binding module and suggest that a potential function of synaptotagmin I multimerization in fusion pore formation does not involve a direct interaction between C(2)B domains or requires a posttranslational modification.
Vibration Testing Of Fiber Optic Components

Vibration tests were performed on commercial grade fiber optic connectors and splices. Both singlemode and multimode components were tested. Sinusoidal vibrations up to 500 Hz and random vibrations up to 2000 Hz were applied. Analog modulation was negligible and no permanent damage was observed.
Detecting single base substitutions, mismatches and bulges in DNA by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and related methods

Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and related methods can separate DNA fragments that differ by a single base pair or defect. This article describes the basic features of TGGE, and reviews the theoretical model of DNA unwinding and its ability to predict DNA mobility in a temperature gradient gel. Recent applications of TGGE and related methods that were directed at detecting point mutations, and evaluating the effects of single site defects are also reported.
Laparoscopic Management of Interaortocaval Metastases of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Introduction: In patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), survival benefit may be achieved with complete resection of metastatic lesions. In this scenario, laparoscopy may have...
Healthy Living with Persuasive Technologies: Framework, Issues, and Challenges

While our Y2K worries about old computers "retiring" at midnight captured the television and news media attention, a more significant "old age" phenomenon snuck onto the scene with hardly a headline: the dawn of the age of the aged. 1 The over burdened health care system will face a worldwide wave of retirees who will live longer, cost more to treat, and demand new goods and services to help them stay healthy, active, and independent. Research in persuasive technologies and the associated usage of a computing system, device, or application intentionally designed to change a person's attitude or behavior in a predetermined way is showing the potential to assist in improving healthy living, reduce the costs on the health care system, and allow the aged to maintain a more independent life. This article gives a deeper insight into the evolution of persuasive technologies and presents a framework that can guide a researcher or practitioner in comprehending more effectively the work being done in this novel research field. It also provides categories of domains within health care in which these technologies are used and surveys exemplars from published literature. The article's goal is to provide greater understanding by addressing the challenges that lie ahead for all key stakeholders that design and/or use persuasive technologies in health care.
PARATUBERCULOSIS IN KEY DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS CLAVIUM)

Paratuberculosis was diagnosed in an endangered Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) in November 1996. Between 10 April 1997 and 28 September 2000, the Key deer population was monitored for infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by necropsy of available carcasses (n = 170), fecal cultures, and serology. One additional clinically affected Key deer was discovered in July 1998, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured from the feces of one live, asymptomatic deer. The results of this study provided sufficient evidence to consider the Key deer herd infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis at very low prevalence.
Precommercial Thinning Reduces Snowshoe Hare Abundance in the Short Term

Abstract Management of young forests is not often considered in conservation plans, but young forests provide habitat for some species of conservation concern. Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), critical prey of forest carnivores including the United States federally threatened Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), can be abundant in young montane and subalpine forests with densely spaced saplings and shrub cover. Precommercial thinning (PCT) is a silvicultural technique that reduces sapling and shrub density on young forest stands. We tested for effects of PCT on snowshoe hare abundance for 2 years after experimental treatment at 3 replicate study areas. We also tested the effectiveness of a precommercial thinning with reserves (PCT-R) prescription, where 20% of the total stand was retained in uncut quarter-hectare patches. All stands were in montane–subalpine coniferous forests of western Montana, USA, where there is a persistent population of Canada lynx. Posttreatment changes in abundance were strongly negat...
Not all same-different discriminations are created equal: Evidence contrary to a unidimensional account of same-different learning

Abstract In Experiment 1, we trained four pigeons to concurrently discriminate displays of 16 same icons (16S) from displays of 16 different icons (16D) as well as between displays of same icons (16S) from displays that contained 15 same icons and one different icon (15S:1D). The birds rapidly learned to discriminate 16S vs. 16D displays, but they failed to learn to discriminate 16S vs. 15S:1D displays. In Experiment 2, the same pigeons acquired the 16S vs. 15S:1D task after being required to locate and peck at the odd-item in the 15S:1D displays. Acquisition of the 16S vs. 15S:1D task had little effect on discriminative performance in the concurrent 16S:16D task, suggesting that a unidimensional entropy explanation for mastery of these two same-different tasks is not viable. During testing, the birds transferred discriminative performance in both tasks to displays composed of different visual stimuli. Such concurrent discrimination learning, performance, and transfer suggest that pigeons are flexible in the way they process the displays seen in these two same-different tasks.
The Impacts of Brand and Generic Advertising on Meat Demand

Stable URL:http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9092%28199511%2977%3A4%3C969%3ATIOBAG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-FAmerican Journal of Agricultural Economics is currently published by American Agricultural Economics Association.Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available athttp://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtainedprior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content inthe JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use.Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained athttp://www.jstor.org/journals/aaea.html.Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printedpage of such transmission.The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academicjournals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers,and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community takeadvantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.http://www.jstor.orgFri Feb 22 18:03:47 2008
Least Squares Regression II

This topic extends your study of least squares regression. You will examine the impact that a single observation can have on a regression analysis, learn how to use residual plots to indicate when the linear relationship is not appropriate, and discover transformation of variables as a way to use regression even when the relationship between the variables is not linear.
Ultrasonic measurements in the CeCu/sub 6/ Kondo compound

Attenuation and velocity measurements were performed on a single crystal of CeCu/sub 6/ from 50 mK up to room temperature with longitudinal waves propagating along the a axis of this crystal. An increase in attenuation and a small peak in velocity were seen at around 210 K, where an orthorhombic to monoclinic structural transition occurs. A maximum in attenuation (at 130 MHz) was observed at 2.5 K, which appears to be in the vicinity of the Kondo temperature. Below 2 K the attenuation (at 300 MHz) increases monotonically down to 50 mK. Field sweeps up to 8 T at 70 mK and 1 K showed that the velocity has a large change in both cases, but at 70 mK the amount of change is about 15% larger than at 1 K. >
Summary of a National Institute of Mental Health workshop: Developing animal models of anxiety disorders

Rationale: There exists a wide range of animal models and measures designed to assess anxiety or fearfulness. However, the relationship between these models and clinical anxiety symptoms and syndromes is unclear. The National Institute of Mental Health convened a workshop to discuss the relationship between existing behavioral models of anxiety and the clinical profile of anxiety disorders. A second goal of this workshop was to outline various approaches towards modeling components of anxiety disorders. Objectives: To briefly describe epidemiological and behavioral manifestations of clinical anxiety syndromes and how they relate to commonly employed animal models of anxiety. To describe approaches and considerations for developing, improving, and adapting anxiety models to better understand the neurobiology of anxiety. Methods: Clinicians, psychiatrists and clinical and basic neuroscientists presented data exemplifying different approaches towards understanding anxiety and the role of animal models. Panel members outlined what they considered to be critical issues in developing and employing animal models of anxiety. Results: This review summarizes the discussions and conclusions of the workshop including recommendations for improving upon existing models and strategies for developing novel models. Conclusions: The probability of developing comprehensive animal models that accurately reflect the relative influences of factors contributing to anxiety disorder syndromes is quite low. However, ample opportunity remains to better define and extend existing models and behavioral measures related to specific processes that may be disrupted in anxiety disorders and to develop new models that consider the impact of combined factors in determining anxious behaviors.
Design considerations for high efficiency Buck PFC with Half-Bridge regulation stage

AC-DC converters for applications such as notebook adapters require operation over universal input mains range, and are challenged to achieve high efficiency over the entire range. Given the enclosed construction, and the demand for smaller, thinner adapters, they must be designed for high, yet relatively flat efficiency over the full mains range, to meet stringent thermal constraints. A novel two-stage architecture has been developed for high density, high efficiency notebook adapters. A buck regulator is used for the PFC front-end stage. The output isolation & regulation stage is implemented using a Half-Bridge topology operated in an Integral-Cycle-Controlled mode. Smart burst modes are deployed in both stages, delivering excellent efficiency also across the full load range −93% efficiency at 100% loading, and >80% efficiency at 5% loading. The Buck PFC delivers Power Factor performance that greatly exceeds EN61000–3–2 & meets Energy Star requirements, with Power Factor >0.93 at 115Vac (low line). This paper details the design approach, practical issues and their resolutions, and benefits of the approach. Performance data is presented.
Association of Parity With Carotid Diameter and Distensibility Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Pregnancy and childbirth are associated with hemodynamic changes and vascular remodeling. It is not known whether parity is associated with later adverse vascular properties such as larger arterial diameter, wall thickness, and lower distensibility. We used baseline data from 3283 women free of cardiovascular disease aged 45 to 84 years enrolled in the population-based Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Participants self-reported parity status. Ultrasound-derived carotid artery lumen diameters and brachial artery blood pressures were measured at peak-systole and end-diastole. Common carotid intima-media thickness was also measured. Regression models to determine the association of carotid distensibility coefficient, lumen diameter, and carotid intima-media thickness with parity were adjusted for age, race, height, weight, diabetes mellitus, current smoking, blood pressure medication use, and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The prevalence of nulliparity was 18%. In adjusted models, carotid distensibility coefficient was 0.09×10−5 Pa−1 lower (P=0.009) in parous versus nulliparous women. Among parous women, there was a nonlinear association with the greatest carotid distensibility coefficient seen in women with 2 live births and significantly lower distensibility seen in primiparas (P=0.04) or with higher parity >2 (P=0.005). No such pattern of association with parity was found for lumen diameter or carotid intima-media thickness. Parity is associated with lower carotid artery distensibility, suggesting arterial remodeling that lasts beyond childbirth. These long-term effects on the vasculature may explain the association of parity with cardiovascular events later in life.
ULTRASONIC LIFT MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR FLOW-INDUCED STRUCTURAL VIBRATIONS

Deficiencies exist in our current ability to measure lift forces in wind-tunnel experiments on vibrating structures in a fluid flow. The ultrasonic lift measurement (ULM) technique has been previously developed to measure time-averaged fluid circulation and lift on stationary structures. The ULM technique is based on measuring transit times of acoustic pulses along paths enclosing the structure. A quasi-steady method based on the Kutta–Joukowski theorem has been used in the past to convert fluid circulation to lift values in ULM studies. In this paper, the largely unstudied extension of the ULM technique to measure unsteady lift forces in flows involving structural vibration is considered. Analytic methods are developed that can be used to properly convert the instantaneous circulation measurements (attainable from ULM experiments) to lift values. These unsteady methods are validated by using numerical simulations of flows over flat plates undergoing oscillating motion. It is shown that the addition of un...
Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection of Differentiated Human Neural Stem Cells

Primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in humans produces varicella (chickenpox), after which the virus becomes latent in ganglionic neurons. Analysis of the physical state of viral nucleic acid and virus gene expression during latency requires postmortem acquisition of fresh human ganglia. To provide an additional way to study the VZV-host relationship in neurons, we developed an in vitro model of infected differentiated human neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs were induced to differentiate in culture dishes coated with poly-l-lysine and mouse laminin in the presence of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and retinoic acid. Immunostaining with neuronal (MAP2a and β-tubulin), astrocyte (GFAP), and oligodendrocyte (CNPase) markers revealed that differentiated neurons constituted approximately 90% of the cell population. These neurons were maintained in culture for up to 8 weeks. No cytopathic effect (CPE) developed in neurons infected with cell-free VZV (Zostavax vaccine) compared to human fetal lung fibroblasts infected with VZV. Weeks later, VZV DNA virus-specific transcripts (open reading frames [ORFs] 21, 29, 62, and 63) were detected in infected neurons, and dual immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of VZV IE63 and gE exclusively in healthy-appearing neurons, but not in astrocytes. Neither the tissue culture medium nor a homogenate prepared from VZV-infected neurons produced a CPE in fibroblasts. VZV induced apoptosis in fibroblasts, as shown by activation of caspase 3 and by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, but not in neurons. This model provides a unique in vitro system to study the VZV-neuronal relationship.
Gender differences in reward-related decision processing under stress

Recent research indicates gender differences in the impact of stress on decision behavior, but little is known about the brain mechanisms involved in these gender-specific stress effects. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine whether induced stress resulted in gender-specific patterns of brain activation during a decision task involving monetary reward. Specifically, we manipulated physiological stress levels using a cold pressor task, prior to a risky decision making task. Healthy men (n ¼ 24, 12 stressed) and women (n ¼ 23, 11 stressed) completed the decision task after either cold pressor stress or a control task during the period of cortisol response to the cold pressor. Gender differences in behavior were present in stressed participants but not controls, such that stress led to greater reward collection and faster decision speed in males but less reward collection and slower decision speed in females. A gender-by-stress interaction was observed for the dorsal striatum and anterior insula. With cold stress, activation in these regions was increased in males but decreased in females. The findings of this study indicate that the impact of stress on reward-related decision processing differs depending on gender.
Hamster Cheek Pouch Bioassay of Dentifrices Containing Hydrogen Peroxide and Baking Soda

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of hydrogen peroxide alone and in combination with 7,12-dimethylbenza[a]anthracene (DMBA) in the oral cavity because H2o2, has been implicat...
Cocaine use and post partum psychiatric symptoms.

The association of mental health symptoms with cocaine use was studied among post partum women. Gestational cocaine use was determined by confidential interview or urine assay. A structured Psychiatric Symptom Index was used to measure mental health symptoms. Among 155 women, 24 (15%) used cocaine. Cocaine-using women had less education, higher parity, less weight gain during pregnancy, and used more cigarettes, marijuana, and opiates in pregnancy than nonusers. High frequency of symptoms (standardized Psychiatric Symptom Index score ≥20) was found in 71% of women for the Total Index score, 81% on depression, 61% on anxiety, 36% on cognitive disturbance, and 75% on anger. No differences in Psychiatric Symptom Index Total or factor scores were associated with cocaine use.
Common Methods Bias: Does Common Methods Variance Really Bias Results?:

Methods variance and its effects are at the center of a debate in organizational science. Most of the debate, however, is focused on the prevalence of common methods variance and ignores common methods bias, or the divergence between observed and true relationships among constructs. This article assesses the level of common methods bias in all multitrait-multimethod correlation matrices published over a 12-year period in a set of six social science journals using a combination of structural equation modeling and meta-analysis. The results indicate that only 46% of the variation in measures is attributable to the constructs, that 32% of the observed variation in measures is attributable to common methods variance, and that common methods variance results in a 26% bias in the observed relationships among constructs. This level of bias is cause for concern but does not invalidate many research findings.
Dispersion of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: cicadellidae), a vector of Xylella fastidiosa, into vineyards in Southern California

Recent epidemics of Pierce's disease of grapevine in California vectored by Homalodisca coagulata (Say), an invasive vector species, have characteristics that differ from epidemics involving native vectors. Among these differences are the longer distances and greater speed that the disease is spread by H. coagulata. In this investigation, we used yellow sticky traps to study the seasonal dispersion activity of H. coagulata in a southern California grape-growing area in which an epidemic of Pierce's disease has caused large losses. For 21 mo, we monitored adult H. coagulata at the edges of vineyards bordering citrus, an important crop host, natural coastal sage scrub vegetation, and natural riparian vegetation. We also monitored H. coagulata dispersion from 0 to 40 m into vineyards. Finally, we examined the vertical dispersion of H. coagulata adults into grapevines through a season. This investigation showed that H. coagulata is associated with citrus, from where it disperses deep into vineyards, and not just the vineyard edge as with Pierce's disease vectors that are native to California. Peak dispersion into vineyards occurred in the summer. Another period of H. coagulata activity occurred in the winter in vineyards bordering citrus. Through the period of peak flight activity, 97% of all H. coagulata adults trapped between 1 and 7 m were caught at an altitude of 5 m or lower, suggesting the potential of a barrier as a management tactic to keep H. coagulata out of vineyards.
Three-Dimensional Silicon–Germanium Nanostructures for CMOS-Compatible Light Emitters

The present status of light emitters based on SiGe nanostructures is reviewed. To be commercially valuable, these light emitters should be efficient, fast, operational at room temperature, and, perhaps most importantly, compatible with the “main stream” CMOS technology. Another important requirement is in the emission wavelength, which should match the optical waveguide low-loss spectral region, i.e., 1.3–1.6 μm. Among other approaches, epitaxially grown Si/SiGe quantum wells and quantum dot/quantum well complexes produce efficient photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) in the required spectral range. Until recently, the major roadblocks for practical applications of these devices were strong thermal quenching of the luminescence quantum efficiency and a long carrier radiative lifetime. The latest progress in the understanding of physics of carrier recombination in Si/SiGe nanostructures is reviewed, and a new route toward CMOS-compatible light emitters for on-chip optical interconnects is proposed.
Diarrhea in Adults Caused by Deficiency in Intestinal Disaccharidases

In 1963 and 1964, 10 papers110 were published presenting case histories of 22 adult patients with proved isolated deficits of intestinal mucosal disaccharidases, in most instances associated with diarrhea. Important advancements in concepts and in methods of assay have rapidly led to increased interest in this field and more can be expected in the next few years. It is the purpose of this paper to review some of the recent publications responsible for this progress and to report tentatively on the presently visible clinical implications. Pediatricians and internists in Vienna in the early part of this century wrote extensively about "fermentative diarrhea," and presented evidence in some cases that certain carbohydrates were poorly tolerated and that their removal from the diet would be followed by cessation of the diarrhea. There the matter stood until the last decade when pediatricians revived the syndrome, showing that certain disaccharides induced a severe watery acid diarrhea in infants who had become ill when that disaccharide was introduced into the diet. Tolerance curves for that sugar were flat and typical diarrhea followed the test. Curves for blood glucose were normal after giving the hexoses resulting from hydrolysis and diarrhea did not result. Striking therapeutic results often followed dietary exclusion of the specific disaccharide. The presumption of an enzy-
Work-arounds slow electronic health record use.

The Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System is a confidential, statewide Internet reporting system to which all Pennsylvania hospitals, outpatient-surgery facilities, and birthing centers, as well as some abortion facilities, must file information on medical errors.Safety Monitor is a column from Pennsylvania's Patient Safety Authority, the authority that informs nurses on issues that can affect patient safety and presents strategies they can easily integrate into practice. For more information on the authority, visit www.patientsafetyauthority.org. For the original article discussed in this column or for other articles on patient safety, click on "Patient Safety Advisories" and then "Advisory Library" in the left-hand navigation menu.
Effect of lysine provided by different routes on cariogenicity of lysine deficient diet.

Conclusions(1) Administration of L-lysine in food, water and by intubation, to rats receiving a highly cariogenic lysine-deficient diet containing autoclaved skim milk powder, significantly inhibited smooth surface caries as diagnosed in these experiments. Although L-lysine as administered by injection was utilized for growth, it did not clearly inhibit caries. (2) When administered by intubation L-lysine was cariostatic. The result suggests a systemic involvement in this action of lysine on dental caries. This hypothesis gains support in the fact that injection of lysine resulted in less than 1 mg% lysine in rats'saliva.
The effect of cortisone on mitotic activity in the rat incisor.

SummaryThe administration of cortisone in young rats resulted in an increase in the number of colchicine arrested cells in the basal (proliferative) loop of the maxillary incisor during certain periods of the day. A single injection of 0.5 or 1 mg in normal rats resulted in an increase in colchicine arrested cells at 7 a.m., 7 p.m., and to some extent at 1 a.m. with no effect at 1 p.m. A cyclic cell division was evident in both experimental and control animals. In rats receiving 0.5 mg more mitoses were observed at 7 p.m. and 1 a.m. Controls revealed the same rhythmicity. Animals injected with 1 mg showed a less pronounced circadian rhythm with more mitotic figures at 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. The controls showed significantly more activity at 1 p.m. and 1 a.m. It is concluded that these results provide additional evidence in support of the theory that cell proliferation in the rat is one of the causative factors in incisor eruption.
Off-peak detector mimicking ischemia on myocardial scan.

Tl-201 SPECT myocardial images were performed at rest on a Picker Prism 3000 triple head gamma camera followed by Tc-99m sestamibi stress SPECT myocardial imaging. Stress images showed significant depression of activity in all portions of the myocardium except the lateral wall, whereas rest images were normal, suggesting extensive ischemia. Investigation revealed a spontaneous peak shift in one camera head causing the apparent stress myocardial abnormality. Correction of the camera problem and repeated scanning revealed normal stress myocardial activity, emphasizing the need for fastidious quality control and raw data cine loop image review.
Analysis on the change of CD4~+T cell and the influencing factors in AIDS patients after one year treatment in Fujina,China

ObjectiveTo investigate the change of CD4+T cell in AIDS patients after treatment for one year and explore the influencing factors.Methods The counts of CD4+T cell between baseline and the level after one year treatment were compared and the influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression model.Results After one year treatment,the CD4+T cells increased significantly.The main risk factors for CD4+T cell change were as follows:age≥ 30,taking drugs with intravenous injection,suspended treatment and bacterial pneumonia.Conclusion The recovery of immune system of AIDS patients after anti-virus treatment for one year is satisfactory.
3D MCRLB Evaluation of a UMTS-Based Passive Multistatic Radar Operating in a Line-of-Sight Environment

In this paper, the performance of a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS)-based passive multistatic radar in a line-of-sight (LoS) environment is studied. The presence of LoS component from the target considerably alters the received signal model, therefore, its characterization is necessary and is the main subject of this work where the transceivers and a target are localized in a three-dimensional Euclidean space. The probability density function (PDF) of the received signal in the presence of LoS is derived and the closed-form expressions of the modified Cramer–Rao lower bounds (MCRLBs) on the Euclidean coordinates of target's position and velocity are found. It is shown that modified Fisher information matrix (MFIM) is a combination of MFIMs due to non-LoS (NLoS) components and LoS component. With the aid of numerical examples, it is verified that by exploiting LoS, the target radar cross section (RCS) increases, which improves the accuracy of target's detection and parameter estimation. In addition, it is also shown that by exploiting LoS component, the performance limits of a waveform can be determined for a generalized radar cross section model (GRCSM), which provides the characterization of a waveform for a broader range of radar applications.
Room for improvement: An examination of advance care planning documentation among gynecologic oncology patients

Abstract Objectives The goals of this study were: (1) to evaluate patients' knowledge regarding advance directives and completion rates of advance directives among gynecologic oncology patients and (2) to examine the association between death anxiety, disease symptom burden, and patient initiation of advance directives. Methods 110 gynecologic cancer patients were surveyed regarding their knowledge and completion of advance directives. Patients also completed the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) scale and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). Descriptive statistics were utilized to examine characteristics of the sample. Fisher's exact tests and 2-sample t -tests were utilized to examine associations between key variables. Results Most patients were white (76.4%) and had ovarian (46.4%) or uterine cancer (34.6%). Nearly half (47.0%) had recurrent disease. The majority of patients had heard about advance directives (75%). Only 49% had completed a living will or medical power of attorney. Older patients and those with a higher level of education were more likely to have completed an advance directive (p Conclusion Most patients were familiar with advance directives, but less than half had created these documents. Young age, lower level of education, disease-related interference with daily activities, and a higher level of death anxiety were associated with decreased rates of advance directive completion, indicating these may be barriers to advance care planning documentation. Young patients, less educated patients, patients with increased disease symptom burden, and patients with increased death anxiety should be targeted for advance care planning discussions as they may be less likely to engage in advance care planning.
The Idea of Community, an Ethical Exploration, Part I: The Search for an Elusive Concept

L'A. se propose de rehabiliter l'idee de communaute en tant que concept et paradigme ethiques des relations humaines. Definissant la communaute comme un type de groupe regi par des normes et des valeurs comportementales, l'A. souleve le probleme des relations entre la communaute et l'Etat au sein de la philosophie politique contemporaine, d'une part, et examine les fonctions politiques du concept instrumental de communaute, d'autre part. Analysant les notions de solidarite, mutualisme et egalitarisme, l'A. critique le postulat de l'existence d'une super-entite qui fonde la conception collectiviste de la communaute
Giving up the hats? Entrepreneurs' role transitions and venture growth

Abstract At the start of a venture, most entrepreneurs wear many hats. However, entrepreneurs often cannot remain involved in every aspect of the venture process, and so they face important decisions about which roles to give up, which roles to retain, and which new roles to adopt. For many, this process is particularly difficult as roles represent more than just something entrepreneurs do but also an important part of who they are (role identities). Through an inductive field study, this research reveals how and why entrepreneurs add, subtract, or retain roles. We find three mechanisms—perceiving the entrepreneur as someone who ‘gives up the hats,’ discovering new meaning (new role identities) within the venture, and role identity imprinting—lead to a narrowing of one's role set, which ultimately influences venture growth.
Hologenomics: Systems-Level Host Biology.

ABSTRACT The hologenome concept of evolution is a hypothesis explaining host evolution in the context of the host microbiomes. As a hypothesis, it needs to be evaluated, especially with respect to the extent of fidelity of transgenerational coassociation of host and microbial lineages and the relative fitness consequences of repeated associations within natural holobiont populations. Behavioral ecologists are in a prime position to test these predictions because they typically focus on animal phenotypes that are quantifiable, conduct studies over multiple generations within natural animal populations, and collect metadata on genetic relatedness and relative reproductive success within these populations. Regardless of the conclusion on the hologenome concept as an evolutionary hypothesis, a hologenomic perspective has applied value as a systems-level framework for host biology, including in medicine. Specifically, it emphasizes investigating the multivarious and dynamic interactions between patient genomes and the genomes of their diverse microbiota when attempting to elucidate etiologies of complex, noninfectious diseases.
Helicon normal modes in Proto-MPEX*

The Proto-MPEX helicon source has been operating in a high electron density 'helicon-mode'. Establishing plasma densities and magnetic field strengths under the antenna that allow for the formation of normal modes of the fast-wave are believed to be responsible for the 'helicon-mode'. A 2D finite-element full-wave model of the helicon antenna on Proto-MPEX is used to identify the fast-wave normal modes responsible for the steady-state electron density profile produced by the source. We also show through the simulation that in the regions of operation in which core power deposition is maximum the slow-wave does not deposit significant power besides directly under the antenna. In the case of a simulation where a normal mode is not excited significant edge power is deposited in the mirror region.
Lymphocyte aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness in acute leukemia of childhood

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity and inducibility were examined in mitogen-stimulated cultured lymphocytes from children with acute leukemia in remission, with nonleukemic malignancies, and with no family or personal history of malignant disease. Neither morphological differences nor differences in mitogen responsiveness were observed among the three sources of cells studied. Levels of constitutive and dibenzanthracene-induced AHH activity were found to be similar among the three groups by analysis of variance. However, when results were analyzed in terms of inducibility ratios, it was found that cells from leukemic children were significantly less inducible (p less than 0.005) than cells from unaffected children or children with nonleukemic malignancies. The reason for this difference became apparent when statistical criteria were employed for the pheontypic separation of individuals who were highly aromatic hydrocarbon responsive and minimally responsive. A significantly larger proportion (p less than 0.001) of leukemic children than unaffected children or children with nonleukemic malignancy were found to be minimally aromatic hydrocarbon responsive. Moreover, in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapsing while on therapy, longer durations of the first remission were correlated (r = 0.63, p less than 0.05) with the highly inducible AHH phenotype.