cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Career Longevity in Pediatric Hospital Medicine

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) is a growing field recently approved by the American Board of Pediatrics as a subspecialty. Understanding factors associated with hospitalist retention is important for workforce planning. Our objective for this study was to examine the proportion of pediatric hospitalists who remained in PHM over a 5-year period and identify factors associated with retention. METHODS: We used 2012 and 2016 data from the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Pediatrician Life and Career Experience Study. Retention was defined as being a self-reported hospitalist on both surveys. χ2 tests were used to examine relationships between retention and variables within 3 categories: demographics, position-related factors, and factors related to stress and satisfaction. A multivariable logistic regression was used to further assess relationships between select factors and retention. RESULTS: In 2012, 206 of 1804 survey respondents were hospitalists (11%); 180 of these 206 individuals responded again in 2016, and 122 (68%) remained hospitalists. In the multivariable analysis, individuals earning ≥$175 000 were more likely than those earning less (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–12.25) and those more satisfied with their job were more likely than those less satisfied (aOR = 3.28; 95% CI: 1.22–8.80) to remain hospitalists. Respondents with more concern about educational debt were less likely than those less concerned to remain hospitalists over 5 years (aOR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.20–0.90). CONCLUSIONS: Two-thirds of early- to mid-career hospitalists remained in PHM 5 years later. Financial factors and job satisfaction appear to play an important role in retention; consideration should be given to the impact of these factors on the PHM workforce.
Sliding Mode Network Perimeter Control

Urban traffic congestion is a chronic problem faced by many cities in the US and worldwide. It results in inefficient infrastructure use as well as increased vehicle fuel consumption and emission levels. Congestion is intertwined with delay, as road users waste precious hours on the road, which in turn reduces productivity. Researchers have developed, and continue to develop, tools and systems to alleviate this problem. Network perimeter control is one such tool that has been studied extensively. It attempts to control the flow of vehicles entering a protected area to ensure that the congested regime predetermined by the Network Fundamental Diagram (NFD) is not reached. In this paper, an approach derived from sliding mode control theory is presented. Its main advantages over proportional-integral controllers include (1) minimal tuning, (2) no linearization of the governing equations, (3) no assumptions with regard to the shape of the NFD, and (4) ability to handle various demand profiles without the need to retune the controller. A sliding mode controller was implemented and tested on a congested grid network. The results show that the proposed controller produces network-wide delay savings and disperses congestion effectively.
Rapid Identification of Campylobacter Strains Cultured Under Aerobic Incubation Using Hyperspectral Microscope Imaging.

ABSTRACT Campylobacter is an organism of concern for food safety and is one of the leading causes of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis. This pathogen can be found in broiler chickens, and the level of allowable contamination of processed poultry is regulated by federal agency guidelines. Traditional methods for detecting and isolating this pathogen from broiler chicken carcasses require time, expensive reagents, and artificially generated microaerophilic atmospheres. An aerobic medium that simplifies the procedure and reduces the expense of culturing Campylobacter has been recently described, and Campylobacter can be grown in this medium in containers that are incubated aerobically. Hyperspectral microscopic imaging (HMI) has been proposed for early and rapid detection of pathogens at the cellular level. The objective of the present study was to utilize HMI to compare differences between Campylobacter cultures grown under artificially produced microaerobic atmospheres and cultures grown in aerobic medium. Hyperspectral microscopic images of three Campylobacter strains were collected cultures grown for 48 h microaerophilically and for 24 and 48 h aerobically, and a quadratic discriminant analysis was used to characterize the bacterial variability. Microaerobically cultured bacteria were detected with 98.7% accuracy, whereas detection accuracy of cultures grown in the novel medium was slightly reduced (-4.8 and -3.2% for 24 and 48 h, respectfully). The Mahalanobis distance multivariate metric was applied to quantify strain variability under all three treatment conditions. Across all strains and treatments, little cluster variation was present (4.22 to 4.42), indicating the consistency of the images collected from the three strains. The classification and spectral consistency was similar for cultures incubated in the aerobic medium for 24 h and cultures grown for 48 h under microaerobic conditions. HIGHLIGHTS
Hürthle-cell neoplasms of the thyroid: An algorithmic approach to pathologic diagnosis in light of molecular advances.

Our understanding of neoplasia is evolving at a rapid pace in these exciting times, where recent molecular pathology advances are reinforcing and fine tuning morphological divisions and classification. Thyroid gland neoplasia in general, and Hurthle-cell neoplasms in particular, are no exception in the current era of histopathology-molecular biology paradigm. In this review paper, we discuss the rationale that led pathologists in the past to separate Hurthle-cell neoplasms into its own dedicated diagnostic category, and provide an algorithmic approach to the differential diagnosis of oncocytic lesions of the thyroid. This review will also shed light on the current WHO classification of Hurthle-cell neoplasms in light of molecular advances that justify histopathologic distinctions.
Child Characteristics and Family Processes that Predict Behavioral Readiness for School

Between the ages of 4 and 6, young children are expected to make a major life transition from the relative safety of the home, family day care, childcare center or preschool to elementary school. This transition involves many changes and challenges. Children must become integrated into a new and larger group of peers, build relationships with a new set of adults who have different roles and different expectations for the child’s behavior than did caregivers or preschool teachers, and move into a new physical setting (and with bussing and magnet schools, sometimes even a new community). For some children, this transition may also involve riding on the school bus alone without the company of family members or familiar peers-–a potentially intimidating experience. Despite the fact that most children today in North America have experienced some form of out-of-home care before they enter kindergarten, the demands placed on young children to adapt to far-reaching changes in their daily lives occasioned by the transition to school are daunting.
The long and deadly road: the covid pandemic and Indian migrants

This essay focuses on the Indian migrant crisis in the context of the state’s handling of the pandemic. It argues that the migrant situation in India pries open ‘problem spaces’ that, if attended t...
Aripiprazole lauroxil, a novel injectable long-acting antipsychotic treatment for adults with schizophrenia: A comprehensive review

Purpose of Review. This is a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of Aripiprazole lauroxil for schizophrenia. This review presents the background, evidence, and indications for using aripiprazole lauroxil to treat schizophrenia in the context of current theories on the development of schizophrenia. Recent Findings. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health disorder that currently affects approximately 3.3 million people in the United States. Its symptoms, which must be present for more than six months, are comprised of disorganized behavior and speech, a diminished capacity to comprehend reality, hearing voices unheard by others, seeing things unseen by others, delusions, decreased social commitment, and decreased motivation. The majority of these symptoms can be managed with antipsychotic medication. Aripiprazole lauroxil is a long-acting intramuscular injection that works as a combination of partial agonist activity at D2 and 5-HT1A receptors combined with antagonist activity at 5-HT2A receptors. It can be dosed as a 4-, 6-, or 8-week injection, depending on oral dosage. Aripiprazole lauroxil was FDA approved in October of 2015. Summary. Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder if left untreated. There are multiple medications to help treat schizophrenia. One antipsychotic agent, aripiprazole lauroxil, offers long duration injections that optimize and improve compliance. Known side effects include weight gain, akathisia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, and orthostatic hypotension. Aripiprazole lauroxil is an FDA-approved drug that can be administered monthly, every six weeks, or every two months and has been shown to be both safe and effective.
From the archives: neighborhoods as the focus: the 1904 report of the Committee on Neighborhood Improvement

This “From the Archives” article provides the text of Jane Addams’ committee report on Neighborhood Improvement to the 1904 National Conference of Charities and Correction together with two excerpt...
Implementation of a standardized robotic assistant surgical training curriculum

Since 2000, robotic-assisted surgery has rapidly expanded into almost every surgical sub-specialty. Despite the popularity of robotic surgery across the United States, a national consensus for standardized training and education of robotic surgeons or surgical teams remains absent. In this quality improvement initiative, a novel, stepwise iterative Robotic Assistant Surgical Training (RAST) curriculum was developed to broaden and standardize robotic bedside assistant training. Thirteen voluntary participants, capable of fulfilling the bedside assistant role, were evaluated to determine if RAST enhanced the learner’s self-perceived level of confidence and comfort in their role as bedside assistant. A pre- and post-RAST training survey and a between-stages repeated-measures survey were conducted. All learner participants reported statistically significant increases in confidence and comfort after RAST training, (p = < 0.001), and between each stage, F (2, 24 = 60.47, p < .001; $$\eta_{{\text{p}}}^{2}$$ = 0.834). Participant feedback regarding curriculum improvement was obtained, suggesting the desire for more training and practice, in smaller groups of 2–3 participants. One hundred percent of participants felt RAST was beneficial and that it should be implemented as standardized training during onboarding for all robotic bedside assistants. Thus, a standardized, stepwise iterative robotic bedside assistant curriculum increases learner preparedness, comfort, and confidence, safely away from the patient bedside.
The Art of Collaboration in the Classroom: Team Teaching Performance

THE ART OF COLLABORATION IN THE CLASSROOM: TEAM TEACHING PERFORMANCE By Jenna Neilsen, MFA and Julie Phillips, MFA A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2007 Major Director: Dr. Noreen Barnes Head of Graduate Studies, Department of Theatre The Art of Collaboration in the Classroom: Team Teaching Performance is a cowritten master’s thesis which records our research in the field of team teaching as it relates to theatre education at the university level. It is our intent that this text be used as a tool for helping universities and teachers decide if a collaborative teaching model is right for their courses. vi A portion of the text is research-based, examining the scholarly writings which have preceded our work. In Chapter 1, we compiled a set of definitions, in the hopes of codifying the language used within this document as well as that used within the field. We establish a hierarchy of terms associated with teaching in collaborative forms. We then describe the various models associated with collaborative teaching, specifically the model which we have employed: team teaching. Chapter 2 explores the reasons for and against implementing collaborative teaching structures in higher education. Chapter 3 discusses team teaching specifically, and explores reasons for implementing it at the university level, and in artistic disciplines, specifically acting. We also discuss the practical appropriateness for this model in today’s classrooms. The second section of the text is practical in nature. Chapter 4 includes a description of our actual experiences working together in the classroom, including discoveries, failures and successes. Finally, Chapter 5 is a guide for implementing team teaching which covers the basic essentials of starting a team teaching program. This section of the document can be used as a training tool for future co-teachers in the VCU theatre graduate program. This document was created in Microsoft Word 1997.
Two- and Three-Dimensional Model for Sound Attenuation by Objects on Propagation

It is well known that the performance of open field acoustic sensors is affected by complex sound propagation phenomena occurring in outdoor settings, such as ground effects, noise from atmospheric turbulence, refraction by wind and temperature gradients, diffraction over buildings and hills, and acoustic sensors on moving platforms. In addition, the behavior of sound propagation changes at the interface of different media. We have developed a time-domain simulation that enables the numerical simulation of all the mentioned factors. This capability provides information on the effect of sound waves once they reach a sensor or a target. We are implementing this algorithm for 3D, long-distance propagations. The challenge is three-fold: a) efficient parallelization; b) moving frame capability in 3D for long-distance propagation simulation; c) accurately implementing the perfectly match layer (PML) methods to represent the free boundaries.In this paper, we have selected cylinders as the objects for sound wave to propagate through. Both 2D and 3D simulations were conducted. The results are compared with available measurement data in the literature. The phenomena are discussed in the context of 2D and 3D propagation behaviors.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Mass spectrometric characterization and physiological actions of GAHKNYLRFamide, a novel FMRFamide‐like peptide from crabs of the genus Cancer

The stomatogastric ganglion (STG) and the cardiac ganglion (CG) of decapod crustaceans are modulated by neuroactive substances released locally and by circulating hormones released from neuroendocrine structures including the pericardial organs (POs). Using nanoscale liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and direct tissue matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry we have identified and sequenced a novel neuropeptide, GAHKNYLRFamide (previously misassigned as KHKNYLRFamide in a study that did not employ peptide derivatization), from the POs and/or the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the crabs, Cancer borealis, Cancer productus and Cancer magister. In C. borealis, exogenous application of GAHKNYLRFamide increased the burst frequency and number of spikes per burst of the isolated CG and re-initiated bursting activity in non-bursting ganglia, effects also elicited by the FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) SDRNFLRFamide and TNRNFLRFamide. In the intact STNS (which contains the STG), exogenous application of GAHKNYLRFamide increased the frequency of the pyloric rhythm and activated the gastric mill rhythm, effects also similar to those elicited by SDRNFLRFamide and TNRNFLRFamide. FLP-like immunoreactivity in the POs and the STNS was abolished by pre-adsorption with the synthetic GAHKNYLRFamide. Different members of the FLP family exhibited differential degradation in the presence of extracellular peptidases. Taken collectively, the amino acid sequence of GAHKNYLRFamide, the blocking of FLP-like immunostaining, and its physiological effects on the CG and STNS suggest that this peptide is a novel member of the FLP superfamily.
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON SOCIAL CHANGE

Abstract L'etude psychologique des changements soeiaux. Problems scientifiques et ethiques. Les recherches psycho-sociologiques peuvent aider a comprendre comment faciliter des changements sociaux constructifs. Pour des raisons a la fois scientifiques et sociales, l'etude du changement social presente un interět commun pour les psychologues des pays avances et de ceux qui le sont moins. De plus, elle requiert, pour ětre efficace, un haut degre de cooperation internationale. S'engager dans de telles etudes souleve des problemes fondamentaux tant du point de vue scientifique que du point de vue moral. Les problemes scientifiques sont relatifs aux implications de telles recherches pour le developpement de la discipline et le maintien de l'objectivite scientifique: les etudes du changement social dans les pays en voie de developpement peuvent reellement contribuer, et d'une maniere irremplacable, aux progres de la psychologie sociale; l'objectivite scientifique depend, non de l'absence de valeurs preferentiel...
Efficiently Computing Arbitrarily-Sized Robinson-Foulds Distance Matrices

In this paper, we introduce the HashRF(p,q) algorithm for computing RF matrices of large binary, evolutionary tree collections. The novelty of our algorithm is that it can be used to compute arbitrarily-sized (p×q) RF matrices without running into physical memory limitations. In this paper, we explore the performance of our HashRF(p,q) approach on 20,000 and 33,306 biological trees of 150 taxa and 567 taxa trees, respectively, collected from a Bayesian analysis. When computing the all-to-all RF matrix, HashRF(p,q) is up to 200 times faster than PAUP* and around 40% faster than HashRF, one of the fastest all-to-all RF algorithms. We show an application of our approach by clustering large RF matrices to improve the resolution rate of consensus trees, a popular approach used by biologists to summarize the results of their phylogenetic analysis. Thus, our HashRF(p,q) algorithm provides scientists with a fast and efficient alternative for understanding the evolutionary relationships among a set of trees.
Managerial response to a hostile takeover in an uncertain legal environment

Abstract Following the tragedy at its Bhopal, India plant. Union Carbide found itself the object of a hostile takeover attempt in 1985. In spite of great uncertainty regarding its final legal liability, Union Carbide's management opposed the offer and began an aggressive program of asset and financial restructuring. From an analysis of the performance of Union Carbide's common stock, Sant and Ferris find that the financial impact of the Bhopal accident was dissipated within a year. Using additional accounting and industry data, they draw universal conclusions regarding the international management of complex technologies and firm valuation in the presence of foreign legal threats.
Street Sex Work: Re/Constructing Discourse from Margin to Center

Newspaper media create interpretations of marginalized groups that require rhetorical analysis so that we can better understand these representations. This article focuses on how newspaper articles create interpretations of sex work that affect both the marginalized and mainstream communities. My ethnographic case study argues that the material conditions of many street sex workers— the physical environments they live in and their effects on the workers’ bodies, identities, and spirits—are represented, reproduced, and entrenched in the language surrounding their work. The signs and symbols that make up these “material conditions” can be rhetorically analyzed in order to better understand how interests, goals, and ideologies are represented and implemented through language. Locating the street sex workers’ voices at its center, my analysis reveals that journalists include and omit words and themes that serve to highlight particular material conditions related to street sex work that influences the reader’s perspective of sex work as a whole. I then offer suggestions for making different language choices that subvert these disempowering ideologies.
Comparing electronic vs print book preferences between students in the social sciences, the arts and STEM

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any distinct differences in e-book usage habits among students in the social sciences, technical fields and the arts. Design/methodology/approach – To complete this study, students from three different disciplinary areas were surveyed. The same nine questions were posed to each student group, with slight modifications to some questions based on the discipline. Findings – The results of this study show that students in each discipline have a preference for convenience and accessibility, whether material is print or electronic. Some more unique characteristics between disciplines include the percentage of students using books and frequency of e-book usage. Originality/value – This study is unique in that it compares the preferences and habits of three specific groups of students from unrelated disciplines. It will be useful for librarians who manage collections for various disciplines and want a better understanding of what should be conside...
Radio Galaxies and Quasars, II

It is my pleasant duty and high privilege to continue the story of radio galaxies and quasars begun by Professor Ryle. Because the intenseness of activity has been so great, and the advance of knowledge so remarkably rapid in this field, it is surprising to recall that only 9 quasars were known at the time of the Hamburg meeting of the Union just 3 years ago. Several hundred are now known, and techniques exist for the discovery of thousands more at will. At the time of Hamburg, less than a year had passed since M. Schmidt’s discovery of the red-shift in 3C 273. Hoffleit and Smith, and Matthews and myself had only just established the optical variation of 3C 273 and 3C 48, respectively. There was no knowledge of how extensive the phenomenon of optical variability was, nor of the exceedingly short time-scales of the variation. Ideas of the number of quasars, radio and non-radio, were not yet formed, and the feature of radio doubling had not yet been established as a general characteristic.
Dependance of electric conduction on film thickness of conductive adhesives

The effect of film thickness on the conduction behavior of electrically conductive adhesives is presented. For comparison purposes, an analytical relation is developed to predict three dimensional resistivity of particle filled conductive adhesives. This analysis reveals that the adhesive's resistivity depends on parameters, m, representing an average contact number and, Si, representing the average length of conductive paths between the conductive particles incorporated in the adhesive matrix. Both the parameters m, and Si are functions of the conductive particle volume fraction /spl phi/, and these functional relations are developed by computer simulation for the cases of spherical particles in three dimensional (3-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) contact. The latter (2-D) case represents thin film applications. The computer simulation utilized reveals that the average length of conductive paths in the planar direction of the 2-D case is much larger than that for the 3-D case. This leads to an anisotropic electric conduction case for 2-D thin film applications where the resistivity values in planar directions are much larger than encountered in 3-D measurements for the same adhesive material. This behavior is illustrated using four different commercial conductive adhesives containing silver flakes.
Does IgE bind to and activate eosinophils from patients with allergy

Human eosinophils have been reported to express both the mRNA and protein for the high affinity IgE receptor (FceRI); it is speculated that this receptor plays a role in eosinophil mediator release in allergic diseases. However, questions still remain. How much of the FceRI protein is actually expressed on the cell surface of the eosinophil? If they are present, are these IgE receptors associated with effector functions of eosinophils? To address these issues, we studied blood eosinophils from patients with ragweed hay fever. A high level of low affinity IgG receptor (FcγRII, CD32), but no expression of FceRI, was detectable on the eosinophil surface by standard FACS analysis. However, after in vitro sensitization with biotinylated chimeric IgE (cIgE), cell-bound cIgE was detected by PE-conjugated streptavidin. This cIgE binding was partially inhibited by anti-FceRI mAb, suggesting that eosinophils do express minimal amounts of FceRI detectable only by a sensitive method. Indeed, FACS analysis of whole blood showed that eosinophils express ∼0.5% of the FceRI that basophils express. When stimulated with human IgE or anti-human IgE, these eosinophils did not exert effector functions; there was neither production of leukotriene C 4 or superoxide anion nor any detectable degranulation response. In contrast, eosinophils possessed membrane-bound human IgG and showed functional responses when stimulated with human IgG or anti-human IgG. Thus, IgG and/or cytokines, such as IL-5, appear to be more important for eosinophil activation in allergic diseases than IgE.
Bioethics in the Lutheran Tradition

What do Lutherans say about issues in biomedical ethics? How do they approach such questions? Is there a distinctively Lutheran perspective on bioethics? This report addresses these questions with respect to the teachings and policies of the major Lutheran churches in the United States. Readers are cautioned against the assumption that positions taken by the churches necessarily represent a consensus, or even the majority view, among those approximately ten million Americans who call themselves Lutherans. One should realize, also, that these official teachings are expressions of the views of bureaucratic departments, committees, commissions, and ultimately church conventions, in which the influence, and even more the control, of confessionally Lutheran theology is greatly attenuated by other considerations. It is not uncommon to find prominent Lutheran theologians and ethicists in vigorous dissent from the “official” positions of their churches. While it is not possible to survey the writings of individual Lutherans within the Yearbook’s allotted pages (except when their work was published by the churches as study material), some of them do appear in the notes.
Improving the Cognitive Development of Students' Mental Maps of the World

Abstract In this study, the author examines the use of four protocol lessons designed to aid 7th grade students in developing a clear mental map of the world. Two classes, involving 44 students, participated in the study. One class was taught using the instructional sequence common to the district's 7th grade world geography classes. The second class was instructed using the protocol lessons. A quantitative and qualitative assessment took place. The results indicated that students using the protocol lessons developed more detailed and accurate mental maps of the world than those instructed in the common sequence. The study advocates having students construct and work with maps, rather than simply filling in information on them.
Multiprotein complex containing succinate dehydrogenase confers mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channel activity

The mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoKATP) channel plays a central role in protection of cardiac and neuronal cells against ischemia and apoptosis, but its molecular structure is unknown. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is inhibited by mitoKATP activators, fueling the contrary view that SDH, rather than mitoKATP, is the target of cardioprotective drugs. Here, we report that SDH forms part of mitoKATP functionally and structurally. Four mitochondrial proteins [mitochondrial ATP-binding cassette protein 1 (mABC1), phosphate carrier, adenine nucleotide translocator, and ATP synthase] associate with SDH. A purified IM fraction containing these proteins was reconstituted into proteoliposomes and lipid bilayers and shown to confer mitoKATP channel activity. This channel activity is sensitive not only to mitoKATP activators and blockers but also to SDH inhibitors. These results reconcile the controversy over the basis of ischemic preconditioning by demonstrating that SDH is a component of mitoKATP as part of a macromolecular supercomplex. The findings also provide a tangible clue as to the structural basis of mitoKATP channels.
Women's advancement as chairpersons in lower state legislative chambers: 1979 and 1983

Abstract Political culture and sex role stereotypes are hypothesized to have a significant association with women's advancement as committee chairpersons in 25 randomly sampled lower state legislative chambers. This article assumed women representatives would advance as chairpersons over time and hypothesized that three political subcultures (Moralistic, Individualistic, Traditionalistic) would affect patterns of female advancement and representation as committee chairs. In addition, patterns of socialization and widelyheld stereotypes of women's appropriate role suggest the likelihood that the pattern of specialization is in care-oriented committees. Women's advancement to committee chairs increased somewhat from 1979 to 1983. Political culture was significantly associated with women's advancement as chairpersons, with most advances occurring in Moralistic states. Surprisingly, northern states dominated by an Individualistic subculture had fewer chairpersons than Traditionalistic southern legislatures. Finally, women tended to be better represented as chairs of care-oriented committees. Their successful advancement in these committees far outstrips their representation in lower legislative chambers.
Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare brain abscesses in an HIV-infected patient

The Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare complex (MAC) is an uncommon cause of brain abscesses even in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We present a case of a multiple MAC brain abscesses, confirmed by brain biopsy and culture, in a patient with AIDS. The patient's initial symptoms were weakness, confusion and headaches. The patient was initially treated for toxoplasmosis and pyogenic bacterial brain abscesses with no resolution. Following treatment for MAC the patient's abscesses resolved.
Resistance oscillations and magnetic fingerprints in superconducting Au 0.7 In 0.3 cylinders

Magnetoresistance of hollow ${\mathrm{Au}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{In}}_{0.3}$ cylinders of submicron diameter was measured in the superconducting transition regime. Depending on the amount of disorder present in the samples, resistance oscillations were either absent or found only below a certain temperature in the transition regime. For those samples where the resistance oscillations were completely suppressed, reproducible sample-specific magnetoresistance fluctuations (magnetic fingerprints) were observed, also in the low-temperature part of the transition regime. The amplitude of the conductance fluctuation exceeded that of the universal conductance fluctuation in normal metals by several orders of magnitude. The fluctuation disappeared as superconductivity in the samples was suppressed by increasing either temperature or magnetic field. Thermal cycling to temperatures much higher than the superconducting critical temperature resulted in irreversible changes in the fingerprint pattern. In addition, a negative magnetoresistance was found just above the transition temperature in some samples. The physical origin of these observations is discussed in the context of mesoscopic effects in disordered superconductors.
A search for possible structure in the 238U(n,f) cross section near 2.3 MeV

The shape of the 238U(n,f) cross section was measured relative to the 237Np(n,f) cross section over the neutron energy region 1.9–2.6 MeV to search for possible gross structure in the 238U cross section. Forty-two measurements were made in this energy interval with ∼ 24 keV energy resolution and a statistical accuracy of < 1 % using the 7Li(n,p)7Be reaction as the neutron source. No structure was observed. Absolute measurements were made at 2.150 and 2.453 MeV to normalize the shape data.
Further regional localization of the genes for human acid alpha glucosidase (GAA), peptidase D (PEPD), and alpha mannosidase B (MANB) by somatic cell hybridization.

We have further regionally localized the gene for human acid alpha glucosidase (GAA) to 17q21→q23 by examinaiton of hybrid clones derived from a fusion between human fibroblasts carrying a 17/19 balanced translocation (17pter→17q23::19p13.3→19pter; 19qter→p13.3::17q23→17qter) and a mouse line deficient in thymidine kinase. These hybrids were constantly maintained in HAT selective media in order to select for the presence of the human thymidine kinase gene on the intact chromosome 17 (17q21-q22) or the 17/19 (17pter→17q23::19p13.3→19pter) translocation chromosome. We detected human GAA by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, using a human specific heterologous antibody raised against human acid alpha glucosidase (GAA) (Honig et al. 1984). Three secondary clones, which contained the 17/19 translocation and no intact chromosome 17 or 19, were still positive for GAA. Two of these secondary clones contained the distal portion of the 17/19 translocation chromosome, with a break in the band 17q21 (probably at 17q21.2), attached to a mouse chromosome. Combined with earlier results (Weil et al. 1979; Nickel et al. 1982; Honig et al. 1984), the gene for GAA can be assigned to 17q21.2→17q23. Additionally, these clones were negative for human peptidase D (PEPD), alpha mannosidase B (MANB), and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI). Combined with previous results (Ingram et al. 1977; Bruns et al. 1979), these results exclude the genes for PEPD and MANB from 19pter→19p13.3 and confirm the exclusion of the gene for PHI from this segment of chromosome 19 (Wilson et al. 1984; Ingram et al. 1977).
POISONING OF WILDLIFE WITH ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDES IN NEW YORK

From 1971 through 1997, we documented 51 cases (55 individual animals) of poisoning of non-target wildlife in New York (plus two cases in adjoining states) (USA) with anticoagulant rodenticides—all but two of these cases occurred in the last 8 yrs. Brodifacoum was implicated in 80% of the incidents. Diphacinone was identified in four cases, bromadiolone in three cases (once in combination with brodifacoum), and chlorophacinone and coumatetralyl were detected once each in the company of brodifacoum. Warfarin accounted for the three cases documented prior to 1989, and one case involving a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in 1995. Secondary intoxication of raptors, principally great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) and red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), comprised one-half of the cases. Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), raccoons (Procyon lotor) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were the most frequently poisoned mammals. All of the deer originated from a rather unique situation on a bar...
Designing Environmentally Sustainable Computer Systems Using Networks of Exergo-Thermo-Volume Building Blocks

As regulation and competition drives the creation of environmentally sustainable systems, cradle-to-cradle life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies are becoming increasingly commonplace. However, existing LCA techniques are often laborious and costly to implement. Moreover, while LCA provides great insight into the impact of a given product or service, the translation of LCA outputs into iterative design inputs is not straightforward. A tighter linkage between product design and LCA methods is desired. In this paper, we propose creating such a linkage through the method of “exergo-thermo-volumes”. Specifically, we consider the design of an enterprise server with multiple heat dissipating components. Each of these heat dissipating components can be represented as an exergo-thermo-volume (ETV). Simultaneously, the cooling solution that removes heat from each of these components is also treated as an ETV. We show that the optimal system design can be determined through superposition of each of these ETVs with appropriately coupled boundary conditions. The resulting ETV representation of discretized heat sources and companioned cooling solutions essentially leads to the creation of an ETV network, which can then be optimized for the minimum sustainability footprint. We find that the optimal solution predicted by the exergo-thermo-volume approach matches those that would be predicted intuitively based on general design-for-environment and thermal management practices, but — using the current approach — we are also able to quantitatively show the difference between the optimal and sub-optimal choices. We conclude by demonstrating the applicability of the exergo-thermo-volume approach for the sustainable design of an enterprise server.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Disinhibition and external inhibition in fixed interval operant conditioning

Probe stimuli were introduced at 10 sec. and at 40 sec. in a one minute fixed interval operant conditioning paradigm. Data indicated disinhibition resulting from the 10 sec. probe. Some evidence for external inhibition was seen as a result of the 40 sec. probe.
On interpreting Gödel's second theorem

In this paper I have considered various attempts to attribute significance to G2.25 Two of these attempts (Beth-Cohen and the position maintaining that G2 shows the failure of Hilbert's Program), I have argued, are literally false. Two others (BCR and Resnik's Interpretation), I have argued, are groundless.
Product of T4 gene 12.

Abstract The product of gene 12 appears to be required for the proper functioning of the base plate of bacteriophage T4. Utilizing an in vitro assay for this gene product, a purification procedure has been devised. Gel filtration and sedimentation analyses show that the partially purified protein has a molecular weight of at least 157,000 daltons; in addition, a partially purified gene 12 product preparation activates purified gene 12 − particles at a high efficiency. Since other experiments have shown that the gene 12 product is a structural component of the phage, we interpret the high efficiency of activation to mean that the gene 12 product is the only structural defect of gene 12 − particles. Autoradiography of infected cell extracts analyzed by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate/acrylamide gels reveals that the gene 12 polypeptide has a molecular weight of 55,000 daltons; moreover, this labeled polypeptide is the only peptide of molecular weight greater than ≈20,000 daltons which specifically binds to gene 12 − particles. We suggest that the 55,000 molecular weight polypeptide is the major subunit of the active gene 12 product and that the active protein contains at least two such peptides. The possibility of additional low molecular weight subunits has not been eliminated. Quantitative analysis of in vitro assembly, employing infected cell extracts, suggests that two gene 12 product molecules are capable of converting a gene 12 − particle to an infective unit but a gene 12 − particle possesses at least three binding sites for the gene 12 product. This product appears to “bind” to the debris present in infected cell extracts; the product of gene 11 does not.
Development of an Efficient Prognostic Estimator

In this paper, the development of a new prognostic estimation technique for on-line gear health management system is described and demonstrated with real spiral bevel gear run-to-failure test data. Unlike conventional particle filter-based prognostic estimation methods, the prognostic technique presented in this paper is a hybrid of the unscented Kalman filter and particle filter. It is designed to improve the processing efficiency whilst the state estimation accuracy is maintained. The unscented Kalman filter is utilized to obtain the “best estimate” of the states of a degrading nonlinear component and the particle filter l-step ahead prediction technique is employed to obtain the remaining useful life of the component. In addition, data mining techniques are applied to efficiently define the system dynamics model, observation model, and predicted measurement information for the prognostic estimator. At last, the feasibility of the presented prognostic estimator is demonstrated with satisfactory results using the actual oil debris mass and health index data obtained from a spiral bevel gear test rig.
Capacity of byzantine agreement: summary of recent results

In this paper, we consider the problem of maximizing the throughput of Byzantine agreement, for two cases: i. communication link's capacity is fixed; and ii. the sum capacity of all links in the system is fixed. Byzantine is a classical problem in distributed computing, with initial solutions presented in the seminal work of Pease, Shostak and Lamport. The notion of throughput here is similar to that used in the networking/communications literature on unicast or multicast traffic. In case i, we characterize the maximum achievable agreement throughput in four-node networks. In case ii, we identify sufficient condition for achieving agreement throughput R.
Joint modeling of multivariate longitudinal measurements and survival data with applications to Parkinson's disease.

In many clinical trials, studying neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple longitudinal outcomes are collected in order to fully explore the multidimensional impairment caused by these diseases. The follow-up of some patients can be stopped by some outcome-dependent terminal event, e.g. death and dropout. In this article, we develop a joint model that consists of a multilevel item response theory (MLIRT) model for the multiple longitudinal outcomes, and a Cox’s proportional hazard model with piecewise constant baseline hazards for the event time data. Shared random effects are used to link together two models. The model inference is conducted using a Bayesian framework via Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation implemented in BUGS language. Our proposed model is evaluated by simulation studies and is applied to the DATATOP study, a motivating clinical trial assessing the effect of tocopherol on PD among patients with early PD.
Peak flow variation in childhood asthma: A three-year analysis

Measuring peak expiratory flow (PEF) variation has been suggested as a indicator of asthma disease severity and also of nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity. To test these assumptions, we examined the relationships between PEF variation, methacholine reactivity, symptom scores, and medication requirements in 74 children with tightly controlled allergic asthma. The level of mean diurnal variation (MDV) for the group was 7.1%, which is generally regarded as normal. We found statistically significant correlations between MDV and both methacholine reactivity (r = 0.43, p = 0.0001) and symptom scores (r = 0.28, p = 0.016). These asthma variables were analyzed longitudinally in 33 children who were followed up at 6-month intervals for at least 36 months. Visit-to-visit changes in MDV were generally not reflective of changes in other variables. However, group levels of MDV gradually decreased over time, especially in children with initial MDV of more than 8%. This reduction in group MDV coincided with similar reductions in group medication requirements and methacholine reactivity. We conclude that children with moderately severe asthma that is tightly controlled may have normal levels of PEF variation. The correlation between PEF variation and other asthma variables is statistically significant but too weak to be useful in the treatment of individual patients. In contrast, measurement of MDV may be a useful indicator of disease severity in group studies of asthma.
Binary modulated oscillations in a semi-discrete version of Burgers equation

Abstract In this paper we study, both analytically and numerically, the binary modulated oscillations which arise in an integrable, semi-discrete approximation to inviscid Burgers. Explicit solutions of the binary modulation equations, derived in Goodman and Lax (1988), are found for several choices of initial data. Observations, based on numerical experiments, are presented as to which initial data lead to solutions containing purely binary oscillations. Comparisons are made to the integrable theory of the Kac-van Moerbeke and Toda lattices. Non-integrable schemes, for which the binary oscillations also remain hyperbolic, are presented, and explicit solutions of their binary modulation equations are found.
Teaching psychiatry? Let hollywood help! : suicide in the cinema.

Commercial films on videotape may be helpful in teaching medical students and residents about psychiatry. Recommendations are made on the use of specific films to illustrate various aspects of suicide, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, adolescent pressures and suicide, suicide gesture vs. suicide attempt, and the spiritual and philosophical aspects of suicide. In the Appendix, the authors list several dozen films depicting suicide that might be used for teaching purposes.
Serial intraoral radiographs in monkeys

Abstract A method has been devised for obtaining serial intraoral x-ray photographs in monkeys. These radiographs allowed the experimenter to use fewer animals and yet gather more comprehensive data upon which to base his conclusions.
Cross‐hedging the cottonseed crush: A case study

This article reports, without breaching confidentiality agreements, on a cross-hedging consulting study performed for a cottonseed crusher. This article's objectives are twofold. First, it examines how futures markets should be used to hedge cottonseed crushing. The soybean crushing spread is applied in a cross-hedging context with a portfolio-risk minimization objective to develop the desired hedge ratios for a variety of cross-hedging portfolios and for several hedge horizons. The hedge ratios and hedging effectiveness statistics resulting from this analysis are reported. Second, based on follow-up discussions, this article reports on whether the recommended hedging strategies were adopted, how they were applied, the difficulties in implementing these strategies, and differences between managerial and academic perceptions of hedging strategies. This will lead to the conclusion that the economics of hedge management are as important as the underlying risk aversion in determining hedging behavior. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.