cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Link Between Digitalization and Sustainable Development: Research Agendas.

In this paper, we argue that the existing research looking at digitalization (DT) and sustainable development (SD) in Business Management and Information Systems takes a dualist view, where digitalization and sustainable development is studied independently. Such a dualistic approach has limitations because these two areas are interconnected and mutually influence each other. Hence, we need to take a non-dualistic view to better understand these two phenomena. By conducting a selective literature review, we describe how digitalization and sustainable development concepts are used; and revealed how these two areas are linked in the current literatures. Finally, based on our analysis, we propose four research agendas: first, need for a paradigm shift (ontology, epistemology, axiology, methodology, and domain); second, conceptual clarity in terms of digitalization and sustainable development; third, theories to link DT and SD; and fourth, the role of social enterprises in linking DT and SD.
Systems-Wide Safety and Assurance Technologies SSAT Project

The SSAT Project goal is to develop validated multidisciplinary tools and techniques to ensure system safety in NextGen to enable proactive management of safety risk through predictive methods.
What Fools These Mortals Be

Shakespeare’s treatment of the self-effacing solution is complicated. Self-effacing traits are among the “king-becoming graces,” which include “Bounty ... mercy, lowliness, devotion,” and “patience” (Macbeth, IV, iii); but, as we saw in the case of Henry VI, a predominantly self-effacing leader is unable to cope with a world full of aggression. Since not only kings, but all men live in such a world, self-effacing tendencies are regarded by Shakespeare and his culture as dangerous for a man, and they must be either subordinated to other tendencies or repressed. Self-effacing women are often as vulnerable as the men in the realistic plays, but self-effacing behavior is glorified in them and is, indeed, equated with “womanliness.” The women who are treated most negatively are those who are deficient in self-effacing traits, and a number of the comedies castigate or tame aggressive women. Self-effacing men are treated differently in the comedies than they are in the histories and tragedies. Since these are domestic plays that are more concerned with love than with power, the males do not have to be so aggressive. There is mockery of self-effacing behavior toward the opposite sex, whether the lover be male or female, but many of the self-effacing males are presented in a positive way, especially in their relations with other men. The most fully developed self-effacing males in Shakespeare are the poet of the sonnets, Antonio in The Merchant of Venice, Hamlet, Duke Vincentio, Antony, Timon, and Prospero. The sonnets reveal how extremely self-effacing Shakespeare could be, which accounts for his sympathetic treatment of self-effacing males, and also how he hated this side of himself, which accounts for the mockery.
Alternative marine sources of fish feed and farmed fish quality.

Publisher Summary Feeds and feed ingredients from marine sources have been used in feeds for farmed fish. However, efforts to identify and utilize marine products have accelerated due to pressure associated with the growth of aquaculture, higher production of aquafeeds, and the realization that traditional marine products used in aquafeeds are finite resources that cannot support continued growth of the aquaculture sector. Marine products have constituted a high percentage of aquafeeds. Prices for fish meal and oil increased substantially in 2006, making alternative plant protein concentrates economical alternatives. Plant protein concentrates are inferior in nutritional value to fish meal but nutritional value can be improved by adding relatively small amounts of marine proteins to aquafeeds based upon plant protein concentrates. Thus, the role of marine proteins and oil would shift from that of primary aquafeed ingredients to that of supplements to supply essential nutrients, increase palatability, to supply as-yet unidentified metabolically active components to plant-based aquafeeds, and to ensure healthful levels of omega-3 fatty acids in farmed fish for the consumer. Recovery and utilization of components of the seafood processing by-product waste stream would be driven by the need to add highly refined marine materials in plant protein-based aquafeeds. The impacts of these changes on the quality of farmed fish would be negligible but changes in lipid source from marine oils to plant-derived oils would have a large impact on fish quality, changing both fatty acid profiles and also flavor. Marine-derived, lipid-rich ingredients would therefore be in increasing demand to maintain farmed fish quality for the consumer.
Trans-fatty acids

Trans-unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds in trans-configuration as opposed to the cis-configured double bonds in the vast majority of natural fats and oils. More than half of the fatty acids in margarine, baked goods, and candy may be in the trans form. The major trans-fatty acid in hydrogenated fat is transelaidic acid; in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, it is trans, translinoelaidic acid. Milk contains about 4% trans-fatty acids. Mean daily intake of trans II octadecenoic acid with dairy may be around 1.3-1.8 g. Trans-fatty acids in plasma are mainly bound to triglycerides and other complex molecules in lipoproteins and taken up into cells with them. Muscles, liver, and adipose tissue readily take up free fatty acids through an incompletely understood mechanism. The trans-fatty acid (TVA) is activated by long-chain fatty acid CoA ligase 1 or 2 and then shuttled across the inner mitochondrial membrane by the combined action of carnitine, palmitoyl-CoA:Lcarnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, translocase, and palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase II. The successive actions of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and thiolase remove the first two carbons as acctyl-CoA and generates FAD and NADH. Like with all fatty acids, there is no mechanism that could mediate significant excretion of trans isomers, even in a situation of large excess.
RECYCLING OF AUTOMOTIVE ALUMINUM--PRESENT AND FUTURE

About 70% of the 740 million pounds of aluminum in U.S. cars scrapped in 1982 will be recovered for the secondary aluminum industry, making cars second only to used beverage containers as a source of old aluminum scrap. By the late 1990's aluminum could supersede ferrous materials as the component with the highest total scrap value in the car. To fully realize this value, the automotive scrap industry will probably move from methods primarily designed to recover ferrous values toward practices which decrease the mixing of materials that presently limits recovery and value for aluminum. Today's system for recycle of used aluminum beverage cans could foreshadow development of a means for recycling automotive aluminum back to primary aluminum producers. This could be accomplished by increasing dismantling and by identification and segregation of aluminum components by alloy. Aluminum intense structures of the future could be stripped of non-aluminum components and shredded separately or baled.
Year-Round Temperature and Wave Measurements of the Arctic Middle Atmosphere for 1995–1998

The first near year-round Rayleigh Lidar temperature and wave activity measurements of the Arctic upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere are presented. The data were obtained from Sondrestrom, Greenland (67° N, 51° W) throughout 1995-1998. The relatively continuous, high frequency measurements of vertical thermal profiles, root-mean-square (RMS) atmospheric relative-density perturbations, and their associated variability over the four years at one geographic site complement previously published Arctic climatologies that were based on various mixed data sets. The nightly, monthly, and yearly variability of the values was seen to be much larger in the winter periods than in the summer. This is attributed to both the strong influence of the polar vortex and its associated variability as well as the increased potential for atmospheric wave activity in the middle atmosphere during these periods. Winter temperatures from empirical models resemble measured temperatures only after a long-term average of the observations, suggesting constraints/limitations on both short term observations as well as model comparisons/applications. Model temperatures more closely and consistently resemble observed temperatures obtained from late spring through late fall. RMS values display a strong annual trend, with a maximum in the winter and a minimum in the summer. The need for estimates of geophysical variability in both model outputs and model/data comparisons, as well as the need for multi-site observations, is also discussed.
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in ganglia of the bivalve mollusc, Crassostrea virginica (1059.4)

In most studied bivalves, beating rate of gill lateral cilia is controlled by a reciprocal serotonergic-dopaminergic innervation from their cerebral ganglion (CG) and visceral ganglia (VG). GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in molluscs and other animals, but its actions have not been well studied in bivalves. We previously showed GABA inhibited actions of serotonin (HT) on increasing cilia beating when both were applied to the CG of C. virginica. We hypothesize GABA is also an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the VG of C. virginica and inhibits the excitatory HT neurons there as well. We tested this by examining effects of GABA at the VG. Cilia beating rates were measured by stroboscopic microscopy in animal preparations in which innervation of the gill by the CG was cut, but the innervation of the gill by the VG was left intact. Superfusing HT (10-6 - 10-3M) to the VG produced a dose-dependent increase in beating from an average basal rates of 10 beats/min to 25 beats/min. Superfusing GABA (10-6 ...
Reader in Gender Archaeology

Reader in Gender Archaeology. Kelley Hays-Gilpin and David S. Whitley. eds. New York: Routledge Press, 1998. 383 pp.
Microorganisms and their interaction with the immune system

Microorganisms interact with the immune system in multiple ways. In an interaction between a microorganism and its host, the defense of the host does not go unchallenged. Microorganisms have for decades been suspected of possessing the capabilities of hiding from and escaping the consequences of immune surveillance. Escape mechanisms like antigenic variation, latency, and genomic integration can best be described as passive mechanisms for avoiding interaction with the host immune system, to differentiate them from the more engaging and host-directed active mechanisms of interaction. Studies of the mechanism of direct entry of viruses (HIV, measles, and enteroviruses), bacteria (streptococci and staphylococci), and parasites (Leishmania and plasmodium) into immune cells like CD4+ T cells or macrophages, as reported very recently, indicate an even more aggressive mode of interaction. This aggressive mechanism of interaction with the components of the host immune system allows the microbe not only to block the normal function of immune components on the surface of immune cells from functioning, but also to obliterate a vital immune function, cellular immunity, causing immunosuppression, e.g. the depletion of CD4+ T cells due to the entry and replication of HIV. Collectively, microorganisms have evolved various mechanisms by which they can actively block almost any cellular, humoral, or systemic immune response. One general feature of the proteins that assist microorganism to immunomodulate and actively evade host defense is their structural and therefore functional similarity to the host proteins, which they effectively mimic. Understanding the different mechanisms by which microorganisms interact with the immune system can impact the design of live vaccines as well as the development of novel therapeutic immunomodulators that can provide medicine with powerful new tools to manage immune disorders, allograft rejection, remote multiple organ failure resulting from trauma, autoimmune diseases, etc.
The Science of the Struggle for Existence: Theories, Models, and Explanatory Tools

INTRODUCTION This chapter begins with a confession. I have, to this point, been taking advantage of the ambiguity of the term theoretical , using it to describe what we can now see to be two quite distinct components of the process of model building. On the one hand, there are ideas about abstract ecological dispositions; on the other, there are the theoretical models we use to articulate those ideas. Both can properly be seen as the domain of the theoretical. But it is important to recognize the distinction because these two readings confront the problem of interpretation , of bringing the theoretical ideas into contact with the empirical realm, in quite distinct ways. This, in turn, becomes important if we are going to resolve the final issue in the grounding of theoretical explanation. How does this business of model building yield invariant counterfactual purchase over the phenomena? How do theories, as explanatory tools, manage to constrain the possibilities? The distinction is also crucial to a second fundamental issue that this chapter addresses: the relationship between truth and explanatory success. With these final two issues confronted, the chapter will return, at last, to the controversies that were identified in Chapter Five as standing in need of deeper philosophical analysis. TWO SENSES OF THEORETICAL We begin with the distinction that has just been drawn between the two senses of theoretical . The difference between the two notions is perhaps best seen by looking at the contrast class for each.
Macrophages express cell surface laminin

Laminin, a non-collagenous extracellular connective tissue glycoprotein, was detected on the surface of mouse peritoneal macrophages. As determined by indirect immunofluorescence, as many as 60% of peritoneal macrophages elicited with thioglycollate expressed cell surface laminin. Only 14% of resident cells displayed detectable laminin. The expression of laminin increased with time post-injection. Concomitant with laminin expression, macrophages also displayed a receptor for the IB4 isolectin from Griffonia simplicifolia. This lectin, which binds methyl-α-d-galactopyranoside, may also react with the carbohydrate moeity of laminin. A small population of macrophages displayed both laminin and surface fibronectin. Unlike the difference in laminin expression between resident and thioglycollate-stimulated cells, there was no difference in cell surface fibronectin between these cell populations. Since laminin has been found to mediate cell attachment in other systems, expression of this molecule on the surface of stimulated macrophages may be important in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesive properties of these cells.
Identification of a nef allele that causes lymphocyte activation and acute disease in Macaque monkeys

Residues 17 and 18 in nef of SIVmac239 were changed from RQ to YE to create a translated sequence of SRPSGDLYERLLRARGETYGRLLGEVEDGYSQSP from residues 10-43. The YXXL motifs in this context match very well with consensus sequences for SH2 binding domains and are similar to ones present in nef of the acutely lethal pathogen SIVpbj14. The YE variant of SIVmac239, unlike SIVmac239 but like SIVpbj14, replicated well in resting peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures, caused extensive T lymphocyte activation, and produced an acute disease in rhesus and pigtailed monkeys characterized by severe diarrhea, rash, and extensive lymphoid proliferation in the gastrointestinal tract. The YEnef gene transformed NIH 3T3 cells in culture. Both 239nef and YEnef were found to associate with src in cotransfected COS cells, and both 60 kDa src and 34 kDa nef were phosphorylated at tyrosine in these cells. The extent of tyrosine phosphorylation of 239nef was considerably less than that of YEnef in these assays. These findings identify an important determinant of the SIVpbj14 phenotype, and they provide evidence of a role for nef in signal transduction and cellular activation.
The interaction of atmospheric and soil sulfur on the sulfur and selenium concentration of range plants

A native northern mixed prairie, Montana, U.S.A., was exposed to three controlled levels of sulfur dioxide and subplots fertilized with sulfur and/or selenium. Plant species that accumulated relatively greater quantities of soil sulfur did not necessarily accumulate relatively greater quantities of atmospheric sulfur, andvisa versa. Plant-sulfur concentrations increased with increasing time and level of exposure, but the rate of increase in plant-sulfur concentrations decreased with increasing SO2 concentration. Plants exposed to the high-SO2 concentration tended to have lower sulfur concentrations when growing in the sulfur-or the selenium-fertilized plots. High soil selenium caused a reduction in plant-sulfur content, but a decrease in plant selenium concentration with high soil sulfur could be detected only when comparing plants on the selenium and sulfur plus selenium plots, where high plant selenium concentrations were encountered.
An expert system‐based approach to prediction of year‐to‐year climatic variations in the North Atlantic region

A novel approach to climate forecasting on an interannual time scale is described. The approach is based on concepts and techniques from artificial intelligence and expert systems. The suitability of this approach to climate diagnostics and forecasting problems and its advantages compared with conventional forecasting techniques are discussed. The article highlights some practical aspects of the development of climatic expert systems (CESs) and describes an implementation of such a system for the North Atlantic (CESNA). Particular attention is paid to the content of CESNA's knowledge base and those conditions that make climatic forecasts one to several years in advance possible. A detailed evaluation of the quality of the experimental real-time forecasts made by CESNA for the winters of 1995-1996, 1996-1997 and 1997-1998 are presented.
Ultrathin metasurface coatings for near-perfect electromagnetic cloaking and illusion beyond the quasi-static limit

In this paper, a low-profile, low-loss electromagnetic cloaking and illusion coating technique is introduced based on single-layer anisotropic metasurfaces for cylindrical objects with moderate sizes beyond the quasi-static limit. In contrast to previous work on metasurface cloaks, coatings with non-vanishing radial response are employed here, which can be accounted for by the second-order surface impedance boundary condition and also be tailored to control higher order scattering modes. It is shown through both analytical solutions and full-wave numerical simulations of realistic coatings comprised of discrete metasurfaces that near-perfect cloaking and illusion can be achieved for a moderate-sized conducting or dielectric cylinder. This work will serve to broaden the usage of metasurfaces to applications ranging from scattering reduction/deception to noninvasive probing for objects beyond the quasi-static limit.
Load-transfer characteristics of mandibular subperiosteal implants.

M andibular subperiosteal implant dentures have been used successfully for over 25 years in the treatment of edentulous, atrophied mandibles. Histologic studies of the human mandible have shown that a complete mandibular subperiosteal implant denture may be tolerated and the adjacent surrounding oral tissues maintained in a relatively healthy condition for 10, 15, and more years.le3 Mandibular subperiosteal implant denture substructures utilize the principle of cross-arch stabilization with a positive substructure seated on a large area of dense cortical mandibular bone for maximum distribution of masticatory forces (Fig. 1). Minimum bone injury is produced with denture function, which accounts for the favorable prognosis of a well-constructed subperiosteal implant complete denture.* Occasionally the dense cortical mandibular bone supporting a subperiosteal implant may slowly resorb over a period of years as a result of excessive forces of occlusion (Fig. 2). If a local region of bone receives too large a workload, resorption which could endanger the implant may take place. Bodine and Mohammed,‘-3 Bodine,4 and other investigators used a bar to connect the anterior and posterior posts of the conventional subperiosteal implant to improve the distribution of occlusal forces. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the load-transfer characteristics of the conventional subperiosteal implant designs with the occlusal connected bar design.
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Performance of Disulfonated Poly(arylene ether benzonitrile) Copolymers

This paper reports the performance of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) using novel disulfonated poly(arylene ether benzonitrile) copolymers derived from hexafluoro-isopropylidene diphenol (6F), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, and 3,3'-disulfonated 4,4'-dichloro diphenyl sulfone (SDCDPS). The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) which employed the sulfonated copolymer with 35 mol % of disulfonated comonomer as the proton exchange membrane had approximately 2-fold lower methanol crossover and slightly higher (about 10%) cell resistance than the MEA using the perfluorosulfonic acid Nafion membrane, resulting in an approximately 50% improvement in selectivity, regardless of membrane thickness. Accordingly, this MEA outperformed the Nafion MEA control in a DMFC single-cell test. For example, 200 mA/cm 2 was obtained (compared with 150 mA/cm 2 for the Nafion MEA) at 0.5 V at a temperature of 80°C and ambient air pressure. Similar experiments performed with nonfluorine-containing biphenol-based sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers (BPSH) indicated that the compatibility of the polymer electrolyte with the electrodes likely has a critical role in initial DMFC performance.
Corotation lag of Saturn's magnetosphere - Global ionospheric conductivities revisited

In view of the recent publication of Eviatar and Richardson (1986), who have calculated the Pedersen conductance of Saturn's ionosphere to be much smaller than previous estimates, the Pedersen conductance is recalculated using the same neutral atmosphere model as these authors. The results confirm the earlier estimates that the ionospheric Pedersen conductance of Saturn's ionosphere ranges from 0.3 to 17 mho near the terminator as a function of latitude. The source of discrepancy appears to be the inclusion by Eviatar and Richardson of ion density into the ion-neutral collision frequency term, which is incorrect. Contrary to the conclusion of Eviatar and Richardson, Saturn's ionospheric Pedersen conductance is high enough to impose nearly perfect corotation between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere.
Evaluation of Outreach as a Project Element

Outreach is a term frequently used to describe active recruitment of program participants and is a common element of many social service and disease prevention programs. Outreach as a project element has received renewed attention with the advent of new federal demonstration projects to serve groups that are difficult to locate, difficult to recruit into services, or difficult to retain within a system of services. The goals of this article are to (a) define outreach, (b) describe the history of outreach as a project element within federal social programs, (c) outline what we perceive as central sources of variation in this element, (d) describe measures of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and (e) prepare the evaluator for some recurring implemen tation issues.
NIST role in the interoperable Smart Grid

The 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) gave NIST the role of coordinating with industry and government stakeholders the development of an interoperability framework for Smart Grid (SG) devices and systems, including standards and protocols. The goal is to achieve seamless interoperability across the power system from generator to consumer. NIST is in the process of identifying the standards necessary to achieve interoperability.
TELEPORT— towards immersive copresence

TELEPORT is an experimental teleconferencing system with the goal of enabling small groups of people, although geographically separated, to meet as if face'to face. The innovative features of the system include the use of full-wall display surfaces, "merging" of real and virtual environments, viewer tracking, and real-time compositing of live video with synthetic backgrounds.
The Use of Herr Four-and-a-Half Clearing Fluid for the Rapid Microscopic Examination of Thick Sections of Normal and Neoplastic Tissues

We have demonstrated that Herr's 4 1/2 clearing fluid, developed for use with plant tissues, can be successfully used for the microscopic examination of thick sections of normal and neoplastic mammalian tissues. Rat Novikoff hepatoma, rat liver, and human colon and skin samples were fixed in Bouin's, stained with iron hematoxylin, treated with Herr's 4 1/2 clearing fluid and examined by phase contrast microscopy. Tissue architecture and cytological detail were easily observed by focusing through tissue sections as thick as 70 mu. The method permits rapid microscopic examination of mammalian tissues and enables the investigator to detect readily morphological abnormalities within a tissue.
Growing and evolving soft robots with a face-encoding tetrahedral grammar

In this work we describe how the morphology of mobile soft robots can be evolved using a grammatical encoding operating on tetrahedral meshes. Actuation of the soft bodies is achieved by uniformly cycling tetrahedral stiffness. Evolved morphologies exhibit functional differentiation across body regions, and the grammatically derived phenotypes exhibit stable fitness across a range of their ontogenic trajectory, suggesting scalability.
Ultrastructure ofCatharanthus roseus cells culturedin vitro and exposed to conditions for alkaloid accumulation

Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) cells cultured in 1-B 5 medium display the ultrastructure of parenchyma cells. The parenchyma character remained unchanged when cells were exposed to any one of three different conditions effecting alkaloid accumulation. Transfer of cells to “alkaloid production medium” for 2 weeks (condition 1) accorded two special features,i.e., unusually big lipid droplets in the cytoplasm and, upon fixation, one or several electron-dense droplets of spongy precipitate in vacuoles. Among hormone-autotrophic cultures (condition 2) some cells showed a fine electron-dense vacuolar precipitate. Addition ofPhythium homogenate (fungal elicitor) to cells cultured in 1-B 5-medium for 10 days (condition 3), cells showed a frequent appearance of singular big lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, whereas vacuoles remained devoid of precipitate. The appearance of big lipid droplets and of vacuolar precipitate is interpreted as progressing cytodifferentiation, but is coincidental with alkaloid accumulation.
Noradrenergic Mechanisms in ADHD Children With and Without Reading Disabilities: A Replication and Extension

Objective To examine noradrenergic (NA) function in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by replicating and expanding upon a previous finding that ADHD children with and without reading disabilities (RD) differ in plasma levels of the NA metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). Method Plasma levels of MHPG were compared in ADHD children who were subdivided on the basis of the presence or absence of RD. Subsequently, this replication sample was combined with a previously studied sample to further explore the relationship between plasma MHPG levels and measures of cognitive function in children with ADHD. Results Plasma levels of MHPG were significantly lower in ADHD children without RD, compared with those with RD, replicating a previously published finding. Analyses in the combined sample indicated that, among children with ADHD, plasma MHPG levels were inversely associated with measures of academic achievement and verbal processing, but not parent or teacher ratings of behavior or continuous performance test measures of attention and impulsivity. Conclusions These data indicate that children with ADHD are not homogeneous with regard to NA function and that neurochemical variation is closely associated with differences in clinical characteristics of the children.
A boundary-only procedure for transient transport problems with or without first-order chemical reaction

Abstract One of the most important advantages of the boundary element method BEM is its unique feature of analytical elimination of domain computations. Most problems characterized by elliptic partial differential equations can be solved in boundary-only form by utilizing this property of the BEM However, problems characterized by parabolic partial differential equations cannot be readily solved in boundary-only form if standard, finite difference, time integration procedures are employed. A secondary reduction BEM SR-BEM was suggested by the author, which reduces the BEM finite difference computations to a boundary-only form if desired. This study extends this formulation to the solution of unsteady convective-diffusion problems with or without first-order chemical reaction terms. Numerical examples included demonstrate the characteristics of the algorithm and expected levels of accuracy in numerical solution when SR-BEM is employed.
Effects of induced muscle tension upon the visual evoked potential and motor potential: A replication

The effect of induced muscle tension (IMT) upon the visual evoked potential (VEP) and the motor potential (MP) was studied in three male Ss. Electrodes were placed at the motor area (C3 ) (and the visual area (02 ). The averaged evoked potentials were recorded over several sessions under the following four conditions: (A) light alone, (B) resting, (C) squeezing dynamometer alone, and (D) light plus squeezing. This study was done in response to a previous study (Andreassi, Mayzner, Beyda, & Davidovics, 1970), which reported enhancement of the visual and motor potentials due to IMT and attributed it to “the arousing influence of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS).” Enhancement of VEP due to IMT was found in this study. Because a visual response is present at the motor area, apparent enhancement of the MP could be attributed to either a neural event or an algebraic summation of the MP and VEP. Subsequent research is proposed.
The regulation of hate speech on college campuses and the Library Bill of Rights

Abstract This article examines whether or not there is a fundamental conflict between the Library Bill of Rights' support of free speech and a college or university's institutional regulation of hate speech. The author discusses legal and social issues surrounding hate speech regulation, examines possible links with library collection development responsibilities, and offers suggestions as to what role librarians can play in seeking solutions when an institutional policy runs counter to the principles of free expression embraced by the library.
Transistor broadcast receivers

Portable transistor broadcast receivers of good quality can now be built with present experimental transistors. It is anticipated that such receivers will appear on the market as soon as transistors and other miniaturized components are available at reasonable prices.
Coassortment of genetic loci during macronuclear division in Tetrahymena thermophila

Summary Our aim was to detect coassortment, a macronuclear form of genetic linkage, in Tetrahymena thermophila. A set of 36 multiplied heterozygous caryonides, derived from a cross between inbred strains B and C3, were allowed to multiply vegetatively for over 500 fissions to ensure the near completion of phenotypic assortment. Each assortant was classified as having the B- or C3- derived allele at the mating type and cycloheximide resistance loci and at polymorphic DNA (RAPD) loci. A pair of loci was considered to coassort if the set of assortants showed a statistically significant excess of parental over recombinant allele combinations. Two coassortment groups were identified. Two loci in one of these groups, 1KF2 and 1PM8, were shown to be on the same macronuclear autonomously replicating piece (ARP), i.e., syntenic, by hybridization. 1KN3, separated from 1PM8 by 8.2 cM in the micronucleus, failed to coassort with 1KF2 or 1PM8 and was shown to be on a different ARP. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that macronuclear ARPs are the molecular basis of coassortment groups. The low frequency of somatic macronuclear recombinants observed in these coassortment groups may allow the efficient and comprehensive mapping of loci in the Tetrahymena genome to macronuclear ARPs by purely genetic means.
Strength of Neutron-Irradiated High-Quality 3D Carbon Fiber Composite

The effects of neutron irradiation to 10 dpa at 500 and 800 °C on a high-quality three-dimensional balanced weave composite (FMI-222) is presented. Strength and dimensional stability for this system is compared to earlier work on this material, at lower dose, and contrasted with that of a well studied isotropic graphite (POCO AXF-5Q) irradiated at identical conditions. For both irradiation temperatures the composite strength in bending is substantially increased. While both irradiation temperatures cause contraction along the bend bar axis, the amount of contraction is greater for the higher temperature irradiation. Moreover, for the 500 °C irradiation the corresponding decrease in volume is observed, though an apparent large increase in volume occurs for the 800 °C irradiated composite. This departure from isotropic dimensional change is explained in terms of fiber dimensional stability model previously presented.
Optimal investment with a nonlinear amortization function in economic growth

Some neoclassical model of economic growth is considered, and the conditions are found of attainability and optimal management of the investments for this model. Here the production function and the amortization expenses depend nonlinearly on capital and labor. The existence and uniqueness theorems are proved for the optimal investment in economy, as well as the theorem of attainability of a given economic level.
Outcome of psychoanalytically oriented group psychotherapy

A study of 100 consecutive persons who terminated, once a week, psychoanalytically oriented group psychotherapy shows that it is an effective treatment for neurotic persons with good ego strength who remain in therapy a year or longer. Analytically oriented group therapy was less effective in treating severely ego-impaired persons, and group members of all levels of ego strength often required augmentation of their group therapy by individual sessions and psychotropic medications. Early dropouts (less than 30 sessions) seemed related to lack of motivation and poor fit with the group. Later dropouts (sessions 30–60) seemed related to low ego strength.
Optical link ASICs for LHC upgrades

Abstract We have designed three ASICs for possible applications in a new pixel layer (insertable B-layer or IBL) for the ATLAS detector for the first phase of the LHC luminosity upgrade. The ASICs are a high-speed driver for the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), a receiver/decoder to decode the signal received at the PIN diode to extract the data and clock, and a clock multiplier to produce a higher frequency clock to serialize the data for transmission. These ASICs were designed using a 130 nm CMOS process to enhance the radiation-hardness. We have characterized the ASICs and the submission has been mostly successful. We irradiated the ASICs with 24 GeV/c protons at CERN to a dosage of 70 Mrad. We observed no significant degradation except the driver circuit in the VCSEL driver fabricated using the thick oxide process in order to provide sufficient voltage to drive a VCSEL. The degradation is due to the radiation induced large threshold shifts in the PMOS transistors used.
Reconstruction of singularities for solutions of Schrödinger's equation

We determine the behavior in time of singularities of solutions to some Schrodinger equations onR n . We assume the Hamiltonians are of the formH 0+V, where $$H_0 = 1/2\Delta + 1/2 \sum\limits_{k = 1}^n { \omega _k^2 x_k^2 } $$ , and whereV is bounded and smooth with decaying derivatives. When all ω k =0, the kernelk(t,x,y) of exp (−itH) is smooth inx for every fixed (t,y). When all ω1 are equal but non-zero, the initial singularity “reconstructs” at times $$t = \frac{{m\pi }}{{\omega _1 }}$$ and positionsx=(−1) m y, just as ifV=0;k is otherwise regular. In the general case, the singular support is shown to be contained in the union of the hyperplanes $$\{ x|x_{js} = ( - 1)^l js_{y_{js} } \} $$ , when ω j t/π=l j forj=j 1,...,j r .
Aortic dissections and dissecting aneurysms.

Abstract A review of the history, etiology, pathophysiology, classification, clinical history, physical findings, and laboratory, electrocardiographic and roentogenographic criteria for aortic dissections and dissecting aneurysms is presented. The indications and modes of therapy are discussed as they are being developed and currently practiced. At present, continuation of drug therapy is favored in patients with uncomplicated type III acute or chronic dissections and in those with severe general contraindications to surgery. However, urgent operative treatment is now reemerging as the procedure of choice for patients with type I acute dissections or complicated type III dissections, as well as for patients who are normotensive. Stricter criteria for continuation of drug therapy and for surgery have been developed on the basis of recent reports and our own experience.
A facial feature communications interface for the non-vocal

A viable communications interface for the nonvocal handicapped that is a by-product of recent face recognition research is described. The system uses either the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) or the discrete cosine transform (DCT) to encode video camera images on a subject's face. The encoding differentiates among three expressions: tongue out which is classified as 'yes'; mouth open, which is classified as 'no'; and mouth closed, which is classified as 'null'. A review of the theory of the KLT and DCT is included. >
The marine natural product microsclerodermin A is a novel inhibitor of the nuclear factor kappa B and induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells

Pancreatic cancer, the 4th leading cause of cancer death in the US, is highly resistant to all current chemotherapies, and its growth is facilitated by chronic inflammation. An important mediator of inflammation is the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), a transcription factor that regulates over 500 genes including the regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins, cell cycle progression and cytokine production. NFκB is constitutively activated in pancreatic cancer cells contributing to their resistance to apoptosis and high metastatic potential. Although many small molecules that inhibit NFκB have been identified, none are currently used in the clinic, perhaps due to their lack of specificity. To identify novel inhibitors of NFκB, the HBOI library of enriched fractions from marine organisms was screened using a reporter cell line that produces luciferin under the transcriptional control of NFκB. Fractions from the sponge Amphibleptula were active in this screen and contained the antifungal cyclic peptide microsclerodermin A. Microsclerodermin A is shown here to inhibit NFκB transcriptional activity in a reporter cell line, to reduce levels of phosphorylated (active) NFκB in the AsPC-1 cell line, to have an IC50 for cytotoxicity in the low micromolar range against the AsPC-1, BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines, and to induce significant apoptosis in the AsPC-1, BxPC-3 and the PANC-1 cell lines. Treatment of AsPC-1 cells with microsclerodermin A also resulted in an increase in IL-8 production without apparent induction of angiogenic factors and there is the possibility that inhibition of NFκB by microsclerodermin A is mediated by the glycogen synthase kinase 3β pathway.
The Problem of Papal Primacy at the Council of Florence

At Ferrara and Florence the healing of the old schism between the Eastern and Western Chruches proved to be more than a hope, and in corresponding measure the breach between the Pope and the Council of Basel became less than a real new Occidental Schism. The Florence-Ferrara conception of Christian unity has led to the doctrine of the Vatical Council and will be of great importance at the council which has been announced by the present Pope. Together with our Roman Catholic brethren we are convinced that a clear understanding of the character of Christian unity must exist prior to all attempts at union or reunion of churches, prior as a condition and as an incentive those efforts.
The Importance of Sodium Pyruvate in Assessing Damage Produced by Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract Instability of hydrogen peroxide solutions was noted during the experimental exposure of human cells in culture to hydrogen peroxide in experiments designed to study the production and repair of DNA single-strand breaks. A hydrogen peroxide concentrate was diluted into culture medium, which was then added to experimental cell cultures at various times, with all cultures assessed for DNA damage at 2 h. Only cells treated by the first addition had observable DNA damage. This result was unexpected since these cells had had the maximum repair time. It was determined that the hydrogen peroxide had been eliminated by the culture medium. To determine the mechanism of this elimination, 200 μM hydrogen peroxide was added to various cell culture components, and the solutions were assayed for hydrogen peroxide after 1 h at 37°C. Although most components (except the balanced salts) showed some hydrogen peroxide degradation, it was found that sodium pyruvate was most effective, by a wide margin, in eliminating hydrogen peroxide and its toxic effects. This was confirmed by addition of pyruvate to balanced salt solutions or buffers, and observing the same elimination of hydrogen peroxide. We subsequently found a few earlier reports describing the decarboxylation reaction between hydrogen peroxide and pyruvate, but no kinetic measurements have been published and there seems to be no general appreciation for the very high efficiency of this reaction. The present work presents a preliminary assessment of the importance of pyruvate in the study of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species in mammalian cell culture.
Individual ev loci determine characteristic patterns of endogenous retroviral envelope antigen expression during lymphocyte maturation.

Abstract A comparative study of the expression of retroviral envelope antigen by T and B lymphocytes at different maturational stages was made with chickens types for genomic ev loci. All lymphocyte subclasses from chf(−) chickens were negative for expression of retroviral envelope antigen. By contrast, cells of the lymphocyte lineage from all the chf(+) lines examined were positive for expression, with the levels of envelope antigen in the lymphoblasts exceeding the levels in the immature and resting cells. This pattern of lymphocyte expression was found in lines of chickens in which the expression of chf in fibroblasts was encoded by the ev 3, ev 6, or ev 9 loci. Plasma cells from those chf(+) lines possessing ev 6 expressed higher levels of envelope antigen than the lymphoblasts, an effect not observed with the chf(+) lines lacking ev 6.
THE IMPACT OF THE POLYMER COATING NUTRISPHEREâ¢ IN INCREASING NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY AND CORN YIELD

Currently, it is estimated that 50 to 60% of the N applied fertilizer is actually utilized by the crop with the remaining N lost through leaching or denitrificatio n. A three year study was conducted at eight locati ons in North Carolina to examine the impact of Nutrisphere ™ on corn yield, optimum N rate, maximum yield, tissue N concentration, plant biomass and N uptake. At six locations the study consisted of a split pl ot design where main plots were either 30% Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) or 30% UAN plus Nutrisphere™ applied either at planting or layby with subplots c onsisting of five N rates that differed slightly ac ross years. At two locations, two N solutions were applied at t wo rates to plots that received one of two starter fertilizer treatments. The overall trend indicated that Nutris phere™ increased yield compared to the use of 30% UAN alone with a significant (p<0.10) yield increases o f 0.74 Mg ha -1 from combined results at Bertie08 and Pamlico08, 0.93 Mg ha -1 from combined results at Guilford08 and Forsythe08 and 0.37 Mg ha -1 from the treatment with at planting application of N at Beau fort09 and Pamlico09. While Nutrisphere™ only reduced optimum N rate in two trials, there was a consisten t increase in maximum potential yield across trials . Plant analysis found that Nutrisphere™ increased biomass at one location, although it did not affect tissue N concentration and did not result in consistent incr eases in plant N uptake. The significant impacts of Nutrisphere™ on plant biomass and corn yield indicate that it affects the N movement to the root surfa ce over a short period of time after application. More research is needed to determine how Nutrisphere™ impacts N movement in the soil, N transformations a nd N uptake to improve recommendations regarding its use and potential for increasing yield.
High-speed modulation of low-temperature optimised vertical-cavity lasers over 77-300 K temperature range

The authors report high speed studies of packaged, low-temperature optimised single quantum well vertical-cavity laser diodes. The small-signal modulation bandwidths in the range 8.2-9.3 GHz are demonstrated for a 5.4 /spl mu/m diameter laser with very low drive currents over the 77-300 K temperature range.
Bio-behavioral diagnosis and treatment of self-injury

Self-injurious behavior(SIB) in individuals with mental retardation is a severe behavioral disorder that has significant social and medical consequences. Although considerable research evidence indicates that SIB can be maintained by either environmental contingencies or biologic conditions, integrative diagnostic and treatment models have yet to be developed. We have piloted a bio-behavioral diagnostic and treatment model to classify and subtype cases of SIB, leading to the selection of specific behavioral or pharmacologic treatments. A functional analysis defines SIB as operant, possibly biologic, or mixed operant and possibly biologic. Subtyping within these classes is based on the delineation of specific operant functions and the clinical characteristics of the individual patient. Our preliminary research suggests that this empirical decision-making model can lead to specific treatments that are effective and that reduce the incidence of nonresponders to behavioral intervention and medication. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Immigration, Incarceration, and Cultural Exclusion

Policy is a cultural construct, the product of a deliberate configuration of dominant ideologies, political interests, economic contexts, and social issues embedded within power relations of privil...