cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Tail Categorization of Probability Laws

Abstract A classification scheme for probability laws by tail behavior is proposed. It circumvents the smoothness conditions usually imposed on the probability laws by current classification schemes and yields a complete characterization of the probability distributions belonging to each category. That is, a distribution function F has a long, medium, or short tail, depending on whether F (ln x) is slowly varying, regularly varying, or rapidly varying. A clear and concise connection with the limiting behavior of extreme spacings is also established and the connection with the existence of moments and moment generating functions is noted. Closure properties of the classification scheme under reliability operations are also considered.
Hazards Affecting Grizzly Bear Survival in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

During the past 2 decades, the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) has increased in numbers and expanded its range. Early efforts to model grizzly bear mortality were principally focused within the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Grizzly Bear Recovery Zone, which currently represents only about 61% of known bear distribution in the GYE. A more recent analysis that explored one spatial covariate that encompassed the entire GYE suggested that grizzly bear survival was highest in Yellowstone National Park, followed by areas in the grizzly bear Recovery Zone outside the park, and lowest outside the Recovery Zone. Although management differences within these areas partially explained differences in grizzly bear survival, these simple spatial covariates did not capture site-specific reasons why bears die at higher rates outside the Recovery Zone. Here, we model annual survival of grizzly bears in the GYE to 1) identify landscape features (i.e., foods, land management policies, or human disturbances factors) that best describe spatial heterogeneity among bear mortalities, 2) spatially depict the differences in grizzly bear survival across the GYE, and 3) demonstrate how our spatially explicit model of survival can be linked with demographic parameters to identify source and sink habitats. We used recent data from radiomarked bears to estimate survival (1983-2003) using the known-fate data type in Program MARK. Our top models suggested that survival of independent (age L yr) grizzly bears was best explained by the level of human development of the landscape within the home ranges of bears. Survival improved as secure habitat and elevation increased but declined as road density, number of homes, and site developments increased. Bears living in areas open to fall ungulate hunting suffered higher rates of mortality than bears living in areas closed to hunting. Our top model strongly supported previous research that identified roads and developed sites as hazards to grizzly bear survival. We also demonstrated that rural homes and ungulate hunting negatively affected survival, both new findings. We illustrate how our survival model, when linked with estimates of reproduction and survival of dependent young, can be used to identify demographically the source and sink habitats in the GYE. Finally, we discuss how this demographic model constitutes one component of a habitat-based framework for grizzly bear conservation. Such a framework can spatially depict the areas of risk in otherwise good habitat, providing a focus for resource management in the GYE.
Permanent Labor Contracts in Agriculture: Flexibility and Subordination in a New Export Crop

Accounts of late-twentieth-century capitalist restructuring have emphasized the decline of “permanent” work contracts and the growth of more “flexible” ways of employing labor. Most of these accounts have argued that, under conditions of global competition, firms seek to reduce the cost of wages and benefits by hiring more temporary workers. Such accounts assume permanent labor contracts to be a norm that is violated only when economic systems come under pressure. This essay adopts a different perspective, suggesting that, in fact, permanent labor contracts have been normative only in certain historical situations (such as the twentieth century United States). In a global and trans-historical context, these contracts have been introduced under specific conditions to solve particular kinds of problems. Thus, this study attempts to shift the question from “why is permanent work declining?” to “where and why do permanent work contracts emerge?”
Robust stability under structured and unstructured perturbations

The problem of robust stability for linear time-invariant single-output control systems subject to both structured (parametric) and unstructured (H/sub infinity /) perturbations is studied. A generalization of the small gain theorem which yields necessary and sufficient conditions for robust stability of a linear time-invariant dynamic system under perturbations of mixed type is presented. The solution involves calculating the H/sub infinity /-norm of a finite number of extremal plants. The problem of calculating the exact structured and unstructured stability margins is then constructively solved. A feedback control system containing a linear time-invariant plant which is subject to both structured and unstructured perturbations is considered. The case where the system to be controlled is interval is treated, and a nonconservative, easily verifiable necessary and sufficient condition for robust stability is given. The solution is based on the extremal of a finite number of line segments in the plant parameter property of a finite number of line segments in the plant parameter space along which the points closest to instability are encountered. >
Discrimination between diastereoisomeric dipeptides by IR–UV double resonance spectroscopy and ab initio calculations

We studied diastereoisomeric dipeptides, containing two chiral centers, by comparing ab initio calculations with laser desorption jet-cooling experiments. We studied the hetero-dipeptides LL-VF (L-Val-L-Phe) and DL-VF and the homo-dipeptides LL-FF (L-Phe-L-Phe) and LD-FF. Changing one of the chiral centers in each molecule leads to changes in the spectra that can be used to distinguish between diastereoisomeric pairs. We observed three different conformers for LL-VF, four for DL-VF, two for LL-FF, and one for LD-FF. By comparing the results from IR- UV double resonant spectroscopy with ab initio calculations, we can draw conclusions about the conformational structures. At the same time, the experimental data serve as a test for the computational results. We discuss the possibilities and limitations of the
A MULTIDOMAIN SPECTRAL METHOD FOR VISCOUS COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS

We present a new multidomain spectral method for the solution of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. In the subdomain interiors, Chebyshev spectral collocation is used. At interfaces, the advective terms are upwinded and the viscous terms are treated by a penalty method. The method is applied to the solution of a viscous hypersonic flow over a blunt body.
Thermally Triggered Calcium Phosphate Formation from Calcium-Loaded Liposomes

A thermally triggered liposome-based mineralization system is described that is metastable at ambient temperature but rapidly forms calcium phosphate mineral upon warming to physiologic temperature. Mixing of a calcium-loaded lipid vesicle suspension with aqueous inorganic phosphate resulted in a stable liposome suspension whose bulk ionic concentration was highly supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite and other calcium phosphate minerals. The mineralization activity of metastable liposome suspensions was found to be strongly dependent both on temperature and on the composition of the phospholipids that comprise the vesicle membrane. No detectable mineral formation occurred in the metastable liposome suspensions during storage for several weeks at room temperature. However, when the liposome suspensions were heated to near the lipid chain melting transition (Tm), Ca 2+ was released from the lipid vesicles and reacted with extravesicular phosphate to form calcium phosphate mineral. Infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction analysis of the reaction products indicated the formation of both apatite and brushite minerals, a finding that is consistent with the changing pH conditions of thermally triggered mineralization. Mixtures of miscible phospholipids (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) were used to tailor Tm to physiologic temperature. This strategy was employed for the preparation of metastable liposome suspensions that were stable for long periods of time at room temperature but that mineralized rapidly when heated to 37 °C. The potential medical and dental significance of thermally triggered liposomal mineralization is discussed.
Multiple GTP-binding Proteins Participate in Clathrin-coated Vesicle-mediated Endocytosis

We have examined the effects of various agonists and antagonists of GTP-binding proteins on receptor-mediated endocytosis in vitro. Stage-specific assays which distinguish coated pit assembly, invagination, and coat vesicle budding have been used to demonstrate requirements for GTP-binding protein(s) in each of these events. Coated pit invagination and coated vesicle budding are both stimulated by addition of GTP and inhibited by GDP beta S. Although coated pit invagination is resistant to GTP gamma S, A1F4-, and mastoparan, late events involved in coated vesicle budding are inhibited by these antagonists of G protein function. Earlier events involved in coated pit assembly are also inhibited by GTP gamma S, A1F4-, and mastoparan. These results demonstrate that multiple GTP-binding proteins, including heterotrimeric G proteins, participate at discrete stages in receptor-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits.
Global Trade, Admiralty Law And Zero Sum Games

A shipment of heavy sand from Australia was contaminated by sea water during a hurricane. Upon examination of the ship’s hold hatches, it was determined by the consignee that the hold hatches were in poor repair and faulty. Immediate compensation for the insurance deductible and shipping expense was demanded of the ship’s owners. Claiming an act of God under Admiralty Law, the ship’s owner refused payment. Upon consultation with maritime attorneys, the consignee decided to apply a provision of maritime law and “arrest” the ship to force payment.
Serotonin 5-HT2C receptors in the ventral subiculum regulate cocaine-evoked hyperactivity in rats

of the vSUB. Rats with the viral-mediated knockdown of the 5HT2CR in thevSUBexhibited reduced cocaineevokedhyperactivity compared to control rats (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the basal locomotor activity between groups. Conclusions: The co-localization of 5-HT2CRand GAD 67-IR was observed in only a small number of vSUB cells and we are currently analyzing colocalization inglutamateneurons. The reduction in cocaine-evoked hyperactivity after knockdown of vSUB 5-HT2CR may reflect changes in output of the vSUB to other regions in the limbic-corticostriatal circuit known to mediate cocaineevoked hyperactivity. Financial support: P50DA033935 (KAC), K05DA022087 (KAC).
Phase structure of one-dimensional interacting Floquet systems. II. Symmetry-broken phases

Recent work suggests that a sharp definition of ``phase of matter'' can be given for periodically driven ``Floquet'' quantum systems exhibiting many-body localization. In this work, we propose a classification of the phases of interacting Floquet localized systems with (completely) spontaneously broken symmetries; we focus on the one-dimensional case, but our results appear to generalize to higher dimensions. We find that the different Floquet phases correspond to elements of $Z(G)$, the center of the symmetry group in question. In a previous paper [C. W. von Keyserlingk and S. L. Sondhi, preceding paper, Phys. Rev. B 93, 245145 (2016)], we offered a companion classification of unbroken, i.e., paramagnetic phases.
Generic Classification in Coniontini and Description of a New Species of Eusattus from Texas

The following genera are placed in synonymy under Eusattus LeConte: Nesostes Casey, Megasattus Casey, Eusattoaes Casey, Discodemus LeConte, Conipinus LeConte, and Sphaeriontis Casey. Eusattus pons is described and illustrated, and a checklist is presented giving all valid names proposed for species of the complex as they were formerly placed in the several nominal genera.
Abstract 4935: PDZ–domain binding kinase promotes invasion in prostate cancer cells through up–regulation of matrix metalloproteinases–2 and –9.

Members of the protein kinase superfamily of enzymes modulate many of the facets of the tumor phenotype, such as survival, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Genetic, epigenetic or regulatory alterations can result in aberrant kinase behavior; the targeted inhibition of which has been a growing focus in anti-cancer drug development. PDZ-domain binding kinase (PBK) is an under-studied, dual-specificity serine/threonine kinase that has been shown to play a key role in cell division and regulation of multiple signaling pathways. It is expressed physiologically in spermatogenic germ and proliferating neural precursor cells, as well as aberrantly in a variety of cancer types. However, the role of PBK in prostate cancer has not been clearly defined. We have found that PBK expression varies greatly across a panel of human prostate cancer cell lines. Interestingly, the level of expression of PBK in prostate cancer cells directly correlates with their invasive ability. Since matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -2 and -9 are key invasive effectors in a variety of cancers, we investigated their protein levels in relation to that of PBK. Expression of exogenous PBK in low PBK-expressing prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and VCaP) significantly upregulated levels of both the propeptide and active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9; conversely, knockdown of PBK expression in a high PBK-expressing prostate cancer cell line (PC3M) significantly down-regulated both forms of these two MMPs. To determine if a change in PBK levels produces a significant phenotypic effect, we measured the effect of PBK overexpression or knockdown on the prostate cancer cell lines’ invasive ability, as measured in a modified Boyden chamber invasion assay. Overexpression of PBK increased prostate cancer cell invasion approximately ten fold, while PBK knockdown reduced PC3M invasive ability more than three fold. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PBK is present in the majority of human prostate cancer samples tested but not at all in the benign or normal human prostate tissue. These data indicate a novel function of PBK where its presence plays a role in invasion of human prostate cancer cells through up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Therefore, the role of PBK in promoting cell invasion, combined with its general lack of expression in normal cells, nominates PBK as a potentially important therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Citation Format: Joshua D. Brown-Clay, Deepika N. Shenoy, Partha P. Banerjee. PDZ–domain binding kinase promotes invasion in prostate cancer cells through up–regulation of matrix metalloproteinases–2 and –9. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4935. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4935
Beyond Change Blindness: Embracing the Technology Revolution in Higher Education.

AbstractThe pace of education technology innovation outpaces many professors’ abilities to thoughtfully integrate new tools in their teaching practice. This poses challenges for higher education faculty as well as those responsible for planning professional development in higher education. This article explores recent trends in education technology and the capabilities that new pedagogical tools make possible. It also introduces readers to three foundational educational technology theories: Rogers’ diffusion model, Davis’s technology acceptance model and Mishra & Koehler’s technological, pedagogical and content knowledge model. Each theory holds important implications for those interested in helping higher education faculty members to make the most of emerging classroom technologies. Higher education leadership can help their faculties make the most of education technology tools by including the implications of these theories in their professional development designs.
Assessment of CDC's emergency capability with Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process

Objective To construct an evaluation index system and assess emergency response capacity of Guangdong CDCs. Methods Health emergency response capacity evaluation index system of Guangdong CDCs was drafted based upon expert consultation,documentary analysis and focus group discussion on the basis of Guangdong CDCs' duties and features of emergency work. The evaluation index system was established by applying Delphi method two rounds to consult 26 experts chosen from Guangdong Province. By conducting a questionnaire survey,a general investigation was made for 22 cities of Guangdong Province including Shunde. Analytic hierarchy process was applied to calculate the weight of primary and secondary indexes and proportionate allocation method was used to calculate the third-level. Hierarchical clustering was applied for the classification of the CDCs. Results Two rounds of expert consultations were conducted,26 and 24 questionnaires were sent in each round,24 and 23 were recovered respectively,and general recovery rate was 94%( 47 /50). Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0. 412 and 0. 490 at thefirst and second round of expert consultations respectively. After two rounds of consultations,the evaluation index system was established and its overall Crowns Bach alpha coefficient was 0. 858. The constructed index system consists of 8 primary indexes,24 secondary indexes,and 60 third-level indexes. The eight primary indexes included emergency management system,human resources,surveillance and early-warning ability,emergency response capacity,laboratory's testing capability,emergent supply capability,trainings and drills,health education and media communication,whose systematic weights were 0. 119 8,0. 131 2,0. 121 3,0. 193 6,0. 129 3,0. 127 8,0. 099 5,and 0. 077 5,respectively. The emergency capacity assessment states that the top 3 cities with the highest scores were Shenzhen( 0. 922),Guangzhou( 0. 913)and Zhuhai( 0. 877) while Shanwei( 0. 475),Heyuan( 0. 523) and Yunfu( 0. 541) were the last 3 cities with the lowest scores. The 22 CDCs in the province were classified into 4 categories through hierarchical clustering. The cities of Classes 3 and 4,with a lower emergency response capacity,were mainly in the western,eastern,and northern parts of Guangdong. A positive correlation was found between the scores and local GDP levels( r = 0. 828 9,P 0. 01). Conclusion The index system constructed in this study possesses a high credibility. The emergency response capacity among CDCs in Guangdong is not balanced and the capability of CDCs in economic less-developed areas is relatively weak.
On error magnitudes under spatial aliasing of wideband arrays with incoherent combining

This paper investigates the error magnitudes when incoherent combining is performed under ambiguity. One obvious solution to eliminate the ambiguities in image processing or array processing is to use kernel density estimates such as histogram. This correspondence in particular focuses on the spatial aliasing in arrays and derives an approximate error magnitude which although is not strictly a bound but provides good information regarding the nature of the aliasing error in a more quantitative format.
Structure of the MIND Complex Defines a Regulatory Focus for Yeast Kinetochore Assembly

Kinetochores connect centromeric nucleosomes with mitotic-spindle microtubules through conserved, cross-interacting protein subassemblies. In budding yeast, the heterotetrameric MIND complex (Mtw1, Nnf1, Nsl1, Dsn1), ortholog of the metazoan Mis12 complex, joins the centromere-proximal components, Mif2 and COMA, with the principal microtubule-binding component, the Ndc80 complex (Ndc80C). We report the crystal structure of Kluyveromyces lactis MIND and examine its partner interactions, to understand the connection from a centromeric nucleosome to a much larger microtubule. MIND resembles an elongated, asymmetric Y; two globular heads project from a coiled-coil shaft. An N-terminal extension of Dsn1 from one head regulates interactions of the other head, blocking binding of Mif2 and COMA. Dsn1 phosphorylation by Ipl1/Aurora B relieves this autoinhibition, enabling MIND to join an assembling kinetochore. A C-terminal extension of Dsn1 recruits Ndc80C to the opposite end of the shaft. The structure and properties of MIND show how it integrates phospho-regulatory inputs for kinetochore assembly and disassembly.
Structure and expression of translocated c-myc oncogenes: specific differences in endemic, sporadic and AIDS-associated forms of Burkitt lymphomas.

Burkitt lymphomas (BL) are characterized by reciprocal chromosomal translocations which involve the c-myc oncogene locus on chromosome 8 and immunoglobulin (Ig) loci on either chromosome 2, 14 or 22 (Dalla-Favera et al. 1982, 1983; Taub et al. 1982; Leder et al. 1983; Croce et al. 1985). The consistent occurrence of these specific recombination events in BL and the presence of analogous recombinations involving c-myc in similar tumors in other species (Sheng-Ong 1982), suggests that the c-myc gene plays a role in the pathogenesis of BL. Despite their remarkable similarity at the cytogenetic level, these translocation events are extremely heterogeneous at the molecular level. In this study we report that chromosomal breakpoints and structural alterations of the c-myc locus differ in different subtypes of Burkitt lymphomas, namely endemic, sporadic BL and AIDS-associated undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas (AIDS-UBL). Chromosomal translocation is also associated with different levels of c-myc expression, and these levels directly correlate with the clonogenic and in vivo tumorigenic properties of BL cells.
Scientific Scholarly Communication: Moving Forward Through Open Discussions

The formal scientific communication system has continued to evolve over the last 350 years, shaped by economic factors, geopolitical events, and technological advances that are taking place at an unprecedented pace. However, throughout this evolutionary process, the discussions, debates, and deliberations that have taken place can be considered the most significant factors in improving the quality of the scientific scholarly communication system. This chapter touches on some of the discussions, debates, and conscientious deliberations that have occurred and currently taking place influencing toward a more efficient scholarly communication system needed to enhance the quality and the speed of scientific progress.
Prolonged particulate chromate exposure does not inhibit homologous recombination repair in North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) lung cells.

Abstract Chromosome instability is a common feature of cancers that forms due to the misrepair of DNA double strand breaks. Homologous recombination (HR) repair is a high fidelity DNA repair pathway that utilizes a homologous DNA sequence to accurately repair such damage and protect the genome. Prolonged exposure (> 72 h) to the human lung carcinogen, particulate hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), inhibits HR repair, resulting in increased chromosome instability in human cells. Comparative studies have shown acute Cr(VI) exposure induces less chromosome damage in whale cells than human cells, suggesting investigating the effect of this carcinogen in other species may inform efforts to prevent Cr(VI)-induced chromosome instability. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the effect of prolonged Cr(VI) exposure on HR repair and clastogenesis in North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) lung cells. We show particulate Cr(VI) induces HR repair activity after both acute (24 h) and prolonged (120 h) exposure in North Atlantic right whale cells. Although the RAD51 response was lower following prolonged Cr(VI) exposure compared to acute exposure, the response was sufficient for HR repair to occur. In accordance with active HR repair, no increase in Cr(VI)-induced clastogenesis was observed with increased exposure time. These results suggest prolonged Cr(VI) exposure affects HR repair and genomic stability differently in whale and human lung cells. Future investigation of the differences in how human and whale cells respond to chemical carcinogens may provide valuable insight into mechanisms of preventing chemical carcinogenesis.
Making Sense of One’s Place in an Educational Opportunity Program:

A college degree has been shown to decrease the income gap, but disadvantaged students are at a greater risk of dropping out of college. This study explores meaning-making of students in an educati...
Schistosoma haematobium: a delayed cause of hematuria.

A 22-year-old African American man with recurrent episodes of gross hematuria for 6 months presented to the clinic for evaluation. A thorough history revealed that the patient emigrated from Mozambique to the United States 12 years ago. Urine culture was negative for a urinary tract infection. Cystoscopy revealed 4 lesions in the bladder. Biopsy of the bladder lesion revealed severe cystitis and Schistosoma haematobium. The patient later confirmed that he used to swim in rivers and streams back in Africa. He completed a course of praziquantel and his gross hematuria resolved.
Dead Mothers and Absent Stepmothers in Slovak and Romani Fairy Tales

Slovak and Romani folk tales and fairy tales are intertextually linked with the German tradition due to geographical and cultural closeness; however, most of them manifest specific regional differences and local color. Slovak and Romani folk tales (and folk songs) obsessively return to motifs of dying and dead mothers, stepmothers who make trouble for the orphaned children, and the starvation, cruelty and injustice that these children suffer. This paper critically revisits the traditional opposition between positive mother figures (associated with positive characteristics such as creating and giving life, protecting, sheltering, feeding, and nurturing) and negative mother types: stepmothers, mothers-in-law, and evil witches, who frequently replace absent (dead) biological mothers. Drawing on the work of Shuli Barzilai, Marilyn Francus, Jack Zipes, and Marina Warner, I discuss the motifs of absent and monstrous mother figures in an original Slovak folk tale, ‘Little Fawn Brother’, and a Romani fairy tale, ‘Black Brother and White Brother’. The texts feature dead mothers as well as several versions of substitute mothers, including wicked stepmothers, evil mothers-in-law, and a ghost mother, all of them failing to protect and nurture the (unwanted) children. Although both tales are conventionally narrated from the perspective of the children, who are struggling to develop their own identity and independence, my analysis offers an alternative perspective: the viewpoint of the (unwanted) mother figure.
Implementing causal logging using OrbixWeb interception

Some form of replicated data management is a basic service of nearly all distributed systems. Replicated data management maintains the consistency of replicated data. In wide-area distributed systems, causal consistency is often used, because it is strong enough to allow one to easily solve many problems while still keeping the cost low even with the large variance in latency that one finds in a wide-area network. Causal logging is a useful technique for implementing causal consistency because it greatly reduces the latency in reading causally consistent data by piggybacking updates on existing network traffic. We have implemented a CORBA service, called COPE, that is implemented by using causal logging. COPE also shares features with some CORBA security services and is naturally implemented using the OrbixWeb interception facilities. In implementing COPE in OrbixWeb, we encountered several problems. We discuss COPE, its implementation in OrbixWeb, and the problems we encountered in this paper. We hope that this discussion will be of interest to both those who are implementing and who are planning on using CORBA interception facilities.
Within and beyond Biology Education Research: Steps toward Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration.

Promoting the learning, development, and success of all biology students may be best accomplished by continuing our own work in biology education and by engaging in collaborative work that crosses ...
The Importance of Timing in Reciprocity: An Investigation of Reciprocity Norms Among Indians and Americans:

After receiving help, individuals tend to experience an immediate increase in obligation to be responsive to the helper. Cross-cultural research has shown that whereas this sense of obligation diss...
Restoration and the Affective Ecologies of Healing: Buffalo and the Fort Peck Tribes

Intentional acts of restoration are purported to have a multitude of benefits, not only for non-human nature, but for the people who conduct restoration. Yet, there is limited scholarship that considers the nature of these benefits in all of their complexity, including psychological and spiritual dimensions. Using the case study of the restoration of bison/buffalo by the Sioux and Assiniboine tribes to their reservation in Montana, USA, we observe that ecological restoration can promote and facilitate emergent and dynamic processes of reconnection at the scale of individuals, across species and within community. In an indigenous setting marked by historical trauma and other challenges, these re-connections have therapeutic benefits that align with the relationality that mental health frameworks suggest is a key protective factor for many indigenous people. Affective experiences of and with buffalo play an important role in building and articulating that therapeutic relationality in our case study. Our work points out the importance of access to spaces of affective ecologies and personal investment in spiritual traditions as elements of the therapeutic benefits of restoration in this case, raising questions and possibilities for future research that considers patterns and avenues of diffusion of restoration benefits within social groups more broadly.
Strip of the Month: Marked Variability: To Worry or Not?

Electronic fetal monitoring is a popular technology used to establish fetal well-being. Despite its widespread use, the terminology used to describe patterns seen on the monitor has not been consistent until recently. In 1997, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Research Planning Workshop published guidelines for interpretation of fetal tracings. This publication was the culmination of 2 years of work by a panel of experts in the field of fetal monitoring and was endorsed in 2005 by both the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN). In 2008, ACOG, NICHD, and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine reviewed and updated the definitions for fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns, interpretation, and research recommendations. Following is a summary of the terminology definitions and assumptions found in the 2008 NICHD workshop report. Normal values for arterial umbilical cord gas values and indications of acidosis are defined in Table 1. View this table: Table 1. Arterial Umbilical Cord Gas Values ### Assumptions from the NICHD Workshop ### Baseline FHR
Organoids for modeling kidney disease

Abstract There is an urgent need for human-based models of kidney disease. Recent advances in genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 systems provide the tools to generate specific mutations at desired sites. This enables the mutation of target genes in normal hPSCs: kidney organoids differentiated from these cells can then be used to model kidney disease caused by these genetic modifications, and the parental hPSC line is an ideal control, as all other genes will be the same. This approach complements disease modeling studies using human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients with kidney disease. Using a protocol based on normal development, we generate nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) with up to 80%–90% purity within 8–9 days of differentiation, without additional subpopulation selection. The hPSC-derived NPCs possess the developmental potential of their in vivo counterparts, forming renal vesicles that self-pattern into nephron structures with characteristics of podocytes, proximal tubules, loops of Henle, and distal tubules with vascular and interstitial stromal cells. These are very suitable for studying specific disease-associated phenotypes. With these two novel technologies (organoids and CRISPR/Cas9), we can study kidney diseases with human kidney tissues in vitro.
Ectopic Expression of the ydaS and ydaT Genes of the Cryptic Prophage Rac of Escherichia coli K-12 May Be Toxic but Do They Really Encode Toxins?: a Case for Using Genetic Context To Understand Function.

It was welcoming to read in mSphere the two recent publications ([1][1], [2][2]) from collaborative groups on their work on the essentiality and biology of the Escherichia coli Rac prophage putative repressor, RacR. My interest in the rac locus and its regulation stems from my recent demonstration
A New Class of Unitals in the Hughes Plane

A new class of unitals in the Hughes planes is enumerated and classified. The unital obtained by L. A. Rosati is shown to be a member of this class. Their collineation groups are determined and the unitals are sorted by projective equivalence. The dual designs are described and certain members are shown to be self-dual.
Standards, Standards: Where might you be?

Getting access to standards can prove to be a tricky and expensive endeavor. The Lichtenberger Engineering Library at the University of Iowa has been working to try and simplify the process in order to provide a greater depth of available standards for free to students, faculty, and staff. Finding and accessing standards can be a complex task since there are hundreds of agencies or organizations that produce standards, with each one having their own set of rules and regulations on how they can be viewed and distributed. There is unfortunately no one place that lists all existing standards. A student often needs to search multiple databases or indexes to fully see what is available in their area of study. Once they find the standards they are looking for, it is time to actually find access to the full text. Standards often cannot be requested through loans from other libraries due to copyright restrictions, which makes the process all that more complicated. They also are not regularly listed in library catalogs since they are so hard to catalog and change frequently. Over the last couple of years, the Library has worked to provide electronic access to as many standards as possible, and to educate the students about the availability of standards in the library. The Library has access to an online database called TechStreet that provides access to standards by 48 different publishers and has searchable abstracts for others. It is still not all inclusive, but it is getting better. There is also electronic access to over half a dozen individual agencies or organizations standards through separate subscriptions. For those standards that are not part of any electronic packages, the library orders them in print to be housed in the Library. To help with the complexity of searching and accessing these standards, the librarian visits various classes each semester to give an overview of what standards are, as well as providing instruction on gaining access to individual standards. These sessions, along with projects assigned in the courses, help students gain an understanding of the importance of standards in industry today.
Dietary Lipids, Inflammation, and Colon Cancer

In order to improve our understanding of the process of oncogenesis in the colon and the ability to terminate or control the development and spread of tumors, we must improve our understanding of this tissue’s immune system.1 The immune system is believed to play a key role in tissue defense against tumor formation and growth.2 Without adequate surveillance and destruction of the abnormal cell, tumors may go undetected and grow. However, hyper-immune responses and chronic inflammation may actually serve to promote tumor development in this tissue.3 Optimal immune function must involve a balance between these two extremes. There is accumulating evidence from both human and animal studies indicating that inflammation may contribute to carcinogenesis in the colon.3,4
Folie à deux or not folie à deux.

The paper first reviewed the literature regarding folie a deux, a term coined by Lasegue and Falret in 1877. A multitude of inter- and intrapsychic mechanisms were suggested as responsible for this syndrome.
David Oliver: Avoiding hospital admission—are we really falling short?

Last week I wrote about the huge policy push to keep patients away from acute hospitals. The focus isn’t surprising, with full hospitals, rising attendance and admission rates, “exit block” in patients who could technically leave,1 potential distress or risks to patients resulting from admission,23 and patients whose problems might have been prevented or dealt with upstream of hospital and closer to home.45 Here, I want to look at whether the evidence supports such efforts and how we might reframe the issue rather than reflexively labelling acute hospital activity as a problem. The empirical evidence is problematic. Many small scale pockets of innovation have modestly cut hospital attendance or admissions. This has been shown in recent reports on primary care home projects6 or NHS England’s “enhanced health in care homes” vanguards,7 as well as …
Bottlenecks in Proteomics

Mass spectrometry (MS) is the core for advanced methods in proteomic experiments. When effectively used, proteomics may provide extensive information about proteins and their post-translational modifications, as well as their interaction partners. However, there are also many problems that one can encounter during a proteomic experiment, including, but not limited to sample preparation, sample fractionation, sample analysis, data analysis & interpretation, and biological significance. Here we discuss some of the problems that researchers should be aware of when performing a proteomic experiment.
The basics of machine learning: strategies and techniques

Abstract Machine learning refers to a class of computer algorithms that learn from examples rather than being explicitly programmed to perform a task. It learns to formulate a general rule from a set of concrete examples. Thus, like human learning, the computer becomes capable of improving its performance from acquired knowledge. The difference is that, at the current state of our knowledge, the computer needs many more learning examples than people do. Machine learning is the basis of artificial intelligence. It can be subdivided into shallow and deep learning, depending upon the structure and complexity of the algorithm. Several examples are given, both because of their own importance and because they help to introduce some of the concepts and principals involved in deep learning. It is important to recognize that both forms of machine learning are in common use, as there are situations in which one or the other is optimal for a given task. For deep learning, additional concepts such as multilayer connectivity, backpropagation, and convolution are described in detail, as these are the factors that must be taken into account when deploying these models.
Improving Timely Access to School-Based Mental Health Services: Getting through the Referral Gate

Timely access to mental health and behavioral support services for youth can occur by providing school-based interventions by trained school-based therapists. However, logistical and organizational...
Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Detection and Characterization of Uterine Leiomyomas.

OBJECTIVES Uterine fibroids are common findings in women with pelvic pain and abnormal uterine bleeding. The reference standard test in the pretreatment evaluation of fibroids is contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This study compared the number, size, location, and enhancement of uterine fibroids identified by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and MR. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that CEUS performs similarly to MR and could be used as an alternative imaging modality. METHODS In this prospective observational study, 26 women underwent transabdominal CEUS and MR examinations. Blinded to the original clinical MR interpretations, 2 readers reviewed the MR and CEUS studies for each patient. The number, size, location, and enhancement of each fibroid per patient were reported by MR and CEUS. A Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for the number of fibroids identified by each modality. RESULTS In total, 126 fibroids were imaged: 115 (91.3%) were observed on both examinations; 9 (7.1%) were observed by MR only; and 2 (1.6%) were observed by CEUS only. A high correlation was found between the modalities for the number of fibroids identified per patient (r = 0.97; P < .001). There was also no significant difference between the modalities for each patient in the fibroid number, size, location, or enhancement. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that transabdominal CEUS may represent an alternative to MR in pretreatment evaluation of uterine fibroids and could serve as a test of choice in patients with a contraindication to MR.
Tau interferes with axonal neurite stabilization and cytoskeletal composition independently of its ability to associate with microtubules.

ABSTRACT Tau impacts overall axonal transport particularly when overexpressed by interfering with translocation of kinesin along microtubules (MTs) and/or as a cargo of kinesin by outcompeting other kinesin cargo. To discern between which of these mechanisms was more robust during axonal outgrowth, we overexpressed phosphomimetic (E18; which is incapable of MT binding), phospho-null (A18) or wild-type (WT) full-length human tau conjugated to EGFP, the latter two of which bind MTs. Expression of WT and A18 displayed increased acetylated MTs and resistance to colchicine, while expression of E18 did not, indicating that E18 did not contribute to MT stabilization. Expression of all tau constructs reduced overall levels of neurofilaments (NFs) within axonal neurites, and distribution of NFs along neurite lengths. Since NFs are another prominent cargo of kinesin during axonal neurite outgrowth, this finding is consistent with WT, A18 and E18 inhibiting NF transport to the same extent by competing as cargo of kinesin. These findings indicate that tau can impair axonal transport independently of association with MTs in growing axonal neurites.
Prices and Trading Volume in the Housing Market: A Model with Down-Payment Effects

This paper presents a simple model of trade in the housing market. The crucial feature is that a minimum down payment is required for the purchase of a new home. The model has direct implications for the volatility of house prices, as well as for the correlation between prices and trading volume. The model can also be extended to address the correlation between prices and time-to-sale, as well as certain aspects of the cyclical behavior of housing starts.
Impact of Flextime on Departure Time Choice for Home-Based Commuting Trips in Austin, Texas

An increasing number of corporations and workplaces are providing flexible working hours or flextime for employees, which is expected to reduce congestion by redistributing the temporal pattern of ...
Robust Failure Detection and Isolation

The basic objective of a fault detection and isolation methodology for dynamic systems is to detect failures and to identify, or isolate, the failed component. The most obvious method for automatic fault detection is the use of hardware redundancy, where measurements from multiple sensors are compared, and the existence of a failure is determined by implementing a voting mechanism. In many situations, however, hardware redundancy may not be possible or desirable, since it imposes a penalty in terms of volume, weight, etc. In other situations, such as with actuators, direct measurement is often not possible. In these cases, indirect measurements may be used to infer the component fault status using a model of the system. One method to analytically detect the existence of a failure is to look for anomalies in the plant’s output relative to a model-based estimate of that output. Plant models, however, are generally incomplete and inaccurate. Moreover, these failure detection and isolation algorithms often assume a particular failure mode. These plant dynamics and failure mode modeling errors can either cause a high false alarm rate, or make it difficult to detect failures. Any robust detection and isolation test that is designed to overcome the problems associated with these modeling errors must be able to distinguish between model uncertainties and failures in order to avoid excessive false alarms or missed detections.
Thermochemical Conversion Research in the U.S. Department of Energy Biofuels and Power Programs

With proper resource management and through the development of efficient conversion processes, biomass could contribute as much as 20% of current U.S. energy consumption by 2030; i.e. 4 to 5 times today’s 3.8 quads, as estimated for the National Energy Strategy. This can only be obtained through the conversion of biomass into efficient secondary energy forms such as electricity and liquid fuels (ethanol, methanol, and oxygenates). Methanol, oxygenates, and electricity are produced through thermochemical conversion processes such as gasification, liquefaction, and combustion. Biomass already constitutes a significant resource for producing electricity. In 1989, biomass-and municipal-solid-waste-powered facilities provided a generation capacity of almost 8.4 GWe.
Mitosis in Secretory Ameloblasts

Our objective is to test the dictum that secretory ameloblasts cannot divide. Dental biology textbooks often present this idea without citation or evidence; its source seems to be studies of rodent incisors from the 1960's. However, rodent incisors are ever-growing, and not acceptable models for enamel epithelia in other mammals. There are two reasons to expect that ameloblasts divide. First, recent studies show that tensile forces induce mitosis in epithelia, and enamel epithelia likely undergo tension as enamel is deposited and the surface area of the growing crown expands. Second, we now know that ameloblasts are subject to the same biorhythms that synchronize proliferation of osteoblasts. If ameloblast division is also coordinated by the brain and occurs at night, it is unlikely to have been observed since most experimental protocols occur in daylight. To test the hypothesis, we first measured enamel area from surface and enamel-dentine junction in Saimiri sciureus tooth sections. We also measured ena...
SOLUBILITY AND REACTIONS OF OXYGEN IN SODIUM

Measurements of emf were made using solid electrolyte cells of the type: (I) (II) (III) Cells I and II were used to determine the solubility of oxygen in sodium and the standard molar free energy of formation of Na2O, respectively, and to construct a free energy-temperature-composition diagram for the sodium-oxygen system, based on emfmeasurements. Cell III was used in a preliminary study of reactions between iron and oxygen dissolved in sodium.
Desorption Kinetics of Methyl Iodide from Impregnated Charcoal

The effect of outdoor weathering of impregnated charcoal beds used for the trapping and retention of methyl 127I vapor was studied under various dynamic flow conditions. The data showed that the fi...