cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Child Occupant Protection In Motor Vehicles

1. Phyllis Agran, MD, MPH* 2. Diane Winn, RN, MPH† 3. Craig Anderson, DHSc, PhD‡ 1. 2. *Departments of Pediatrics and Health Policy and Research. 3. 4. †Department of Health Policy and Research, University of California, Irvine, CA. 5. ‡Department of Health Policy and Research, University of California, Irvine, CA. 1. Motor vehicle occupant injuries are the leading cause of injury for children through 14 years of age. Proper use of protective devices will significantly affect death and disability from motor vehicle crashes. 2. Children must use age-appropriate restraint systems when traveling in motor vehicles. Misuse of child restraint systems is exceedingly high and can result in serious injury and death in a crash. 3. Children must not be placed in the front seat of a vehicle in which there is an air bag. 4. The preferred seating site for children is in the back seat. 5. Pediatricians are in a unique position to report injuries and new patterns of injury, counsel parents, and advocate for public policies that increase protection of child occupants of motor vehicles. Protection of occupants in motor vehicle crashes has evolved into a technical and complex multidisciplinary field. Issues related to occupant safety have been addressed at both the national and international level, resulting in major public health policies and standards to govern occupant protection and the manufacture of vehicles. Those providing health care for children are in a unique position to influence injury prevention behaviors and, therefore, must be aware of the latest recommendations for child occupant protection. Motor vehicle safety is based on the science of human factors and engineering, biomechanics of crashes, and epidemiologic studies of injuries to occupants in crashes. The redesign of roads, vehicles, and restraint systems emanates from these investigations. Examples of vehicle modifications aimed at improved occupant protection include shatter-proof glass, bumpers, and other energy-absorbing exterior structures that can withstand crash forces. Changes in the interior of the vehicle to create a more “friendly” environment have included elimination of dangerous and sharp objects on the dashboard, development of steering columns that collapse on impact, and redesign of side door structure to increase protection …
Measuring Technique of Calcium Content in the Positive Electrode Powder

The application of Nitrous oxide-ethane flame atomic absorbing spectral method to measure the content of Calcium in the positive electrode powder of thermal batteries is presented. A synthetic consideration to conditions for Calcium and interference factors are introduced. The method has the advantages of high sensitivity,simple operation, easy master, short analyzing cycle and less interference. The relative standard deviation of measurements are less than 1.0%(n=10).The range of standard adding recovery is between 97.0% and 102.0%,the practice shows that the method is suited to measure the Calcium content in the positive electrode powder of thermal batteries.
CONCLUSION: POUSSIN AND THE GERUSALEMME LIBERATA: ACTION INTO EPISODE, HISTORY INTO MYTH

The previous chapters examined how Poussin responded to the narrative structure of texts, and the temporality this can impose on the pictorial field. The Realm of Flora was an anthology of mythic images, like the lyric poetry of Marino and Bruni, and even the nominally epic Adone . The artifice of the assembly, whose unity is thematic but not narrative, in no way burdens the pictorial field with a temporal dimension. With the Plague of Ashdod , the Rape of the Sabines , and other pictures of the 1630s, Poussin's representation of chronologically distinct events within a coherent narrative structure came close to undermining the physical synchrony of the picture. In the Manna , Poussin's demonstration of the unity of the subject, its complete representation from beginning to middle to end, superceded the temporal constraints of the medium. Despite the apparent unity of the field, the represented action cleaves the composition into distinct narrative circuits, the “before” that culminates and the “after” that originates in Moses. Reading the sequence of figural episodes reveals the reversal of the action, or peripeteia , the fundamental component of a unified plot, whether in drama, or, as Tasso insisted, even in the more expansive structure of epic. For Poussin, the subject of the Manna itself was preordained as a paragon of narrative unity in Dolce and Raphael. Yet it was the disposition and framing of the peripeteia in the Gerusalemme liberata that revealed how to configure the “fall of the manna” as an integral plot.
Abstract 542: Assessing and augmenting the immune response to glioblastoma using repurposed pharmaceuticals

In order to improve the therapeutic responses to immunotherapies in glioblastoma (GBM) patients, a known pharmaceutical, ritanserin, was repurposed to augment cytotoxic T cell responses and suppress tumor growth. To determine the kinetics of the immune response to GBM, the transplantable syngeneic glioma cell line GL261 was used in C57BL/6 mice to assess the tumor immune response in the brain, spleen, and cervical lymph node via flow cytometry weekly for one month. After identifying the optimal T cell response temporally, mice with established tumors were treated with 100mg/kg of Ritanserin for one week and harvested post treatment. Ritanserin is able to inhibit the activity of diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKA), an enzyme that converts diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid, and can inhibit tumor growth in mice. In addition, DGKA is expressed in T cells, and is more highly expressed in those that have entered an unresponsive (anergic) state, characteristic of dysfunctional T cell responses to tumors. To determine if ritanserin can counteract T cell anergy, T cell responses were determined by assessment of T cell number by subset (CD8+, CD4+, CD4+FoxP3+), by activation (CD62L-CD44+), and by tumor-specific response to ovalbumin-expressing GL261 tumor cells in the brain, spleen, and cervical lymph nodes. In comparison to mock-injected mice, tumor-bearing mice showed a robust T cell response to tumors in the brain, peaking at days 21 and 28 post injection. Treatment with ritanserin resulted in a trend toward increased number and activation of T cells in the brain compared to vehicle-treated mice. In addition, there was a significant increase in OVA-specific T cells in the brain with treatment. In conclusion, T cells respond robustly to brain tumors in mice, and ritanserin treatment appears to increase this response by increased activation and priming of tumor-specific T cells. This indicates that ritanserin may have combinatorial effects on T cells when combined with checkpoint inhibitors such as ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1). Future experiments will focus on combining ritanserin and other repurposed drugs with these checkpoint inhibitors and further characterizing the effect of ritanserin on T cells. Citation Format: Breanna R. Brenneman, Desiree H. Floyd, Tajie Harris, Benjamin Purow. Assessing and augmenting the immune response to glioblastoma using repurposed pharmaceuticals. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 542.
Neo-democracy in educational policy-making: a critical case study of neoliberal reform in Massachusetts

AbstractThis paper explores changes to the educational policy-making arena through case study analysis of a Massachusetts law passed in 2012 that limits seniority-based job protections for public K-12 teachers. I use data from interviews with policy stakeholders, observations of public meetings, and policy artifacts to explore struggles over democratic engagement in what unfolded as a highly undemocratic policy development process. Using the policy cycle framework, I explore the ways that political pressure and political discourses shaped the policy development process through various contexts of political struggle. Ultimately, I argue that the case is indicative of what I am calling ‘neo-democratic’ decision-making, in which high-level interest group conflict leads to narrow forms of democratic engagement.
Combined chondroitinase and KLF7 expression reduce net retraction of sensory and CST axons from sites of spinal injury.

Axon regeneration in the central nervous system is limited both by inhibitory extracellular cues and by an intrinsically low capacity for axon growth in some CNS populations. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are well-studied inhibitors of axon growth in the CNS, and degradation of CSPGs by chondroitinase has been shown to improve the extension of injured axons. Alternatively, axon growth can be improved by targeting the neuron-intrinsic growth capacity through forced expression of regeneration-associated transcription factors. For example, a transcriptionally active chimera of Kruppel-like Factor 7 (KLF7) and a VP16 domain improves axon growth when expressed in corticospinal tract neurons. Here we tested the hypothesis that combined expression of chondroitinase and VP16-KLF7 would lead to further improvements in axon growth after spinal injury. Chondroitinase was expressed by viral transduction of cells in the spinal cord, while VP16-KLF7 was virally expressed in sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia or corticospinal tract (CST) neurons. After transection of the dorsal columns, both chondroitinase and VP16-KLF7 increased the proximity of severed sensory axons to the injury site. Similarly, after complete crush injuries, VP16-KLF7 expression increased the approach of CST axons to the injury site. In neither paradigm however, did single or combined treatment with chondroitinase or VP16-KLF7 enable regenerative growth distal to the injury. These results substantiate a role for CSPG inhibition and low KLF7 activity in determining the net retraction of axons from sites of spinal injury, while suggesting that additional factors act to limit a full regenerative response.
A Coordinate-Descent-Based Approach to Solving the Sparse Group Elastic Net

ABSTRACTGroup sparse approaches to regression modeling are finding ever increasing utility in an array of application areas. While group sparsity can help assess certain data structures, it is desirable in many instances to also capture element-wise sparsity. Recent work exploring the latter has been conducted in the context of l2/l1 penalized regression in the form of the sparse group lasso (SGL). Here, we present a novel model, called the sparse group elastic net (SGEN), which uses an l∞/l1/ridge-based penalty. We show that the l∞-norm, which induces group sparsity is particularly effective in the presence of noisy data. We solve the SGEN model using a coordinate descent-based procedure and compare its performance to the SGL and related methods in the context of hyperspectral imaging in the presence of noisy observations. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Fluid administration rate for uncontrolled intraabdominal hemorrhage in pigs

Background. We hypothesized that slow crystalloid resuscitation would improve blood loss and hemoglobin compared to a rapid resuscitation during uncontrolled hemorrhage. Methods. Anesthetized, splenectomized domestic swine underwent hepatic lobar hemitransection. Lactated Ringers was given at 150 or 20 mL/min IV (rapid vs. slow, respectively, N = 12 per group; limit of 100 mL/kg). Vital sign monitoring and serum testing was done for up to 180 min, followed by necropsy. Results. Survival was 7 vs. 8 out of 12 subjects, rapid vs. slow respectively (p>0.05). The slow group had a less blood loss (1.6 vs. 2.7 L, respectively) and a higher final hemoglobin concentration (6.0 vs. 3.4 g/dL). Conclusions. Using a fixed volume of crystalloid resuscitation in this porcine model of uncontrolled intraabdominal hemorrhage, a slow IV infusion rate produced less blood loss and a higher hemoglobin level compared to rapid infusion.
The Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) Trial: A Story of Discovery.

Human reproduction is an inefficient process. There are several drivers of complications along the path to and during pregnancy, one of which is inflammation. Treatments to mitigate the deleterious effects of aberrant inflammation with something inexpensive and widely available like aspirin could have dramatic global impact. The Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) trial enrolled women aged 18 to 40 years with one to two prior pregnancy losses and no diagnosis of infertility. Patients were randomized to either low-dose aspirin or placebo. Here, we review the collective findings of the EAGeR trial to date and discuss several important lessons learned from the unique data resulting from this groundbreaking trial. Findings reported from this trial provide significant advances in the understanding of aspirin's potential mechanisms in modulating reproductive processes and the role of inflammation in these processes. This review describes the collective findings of the EAGeR trial in the context of the existing literature regarding aspirin and inflammation in reproduction to inform relevant next steps in fertility and obstetric research, as well as potential implications for clinical care.
From Charles and Francis Darwin to Richard Nixon: The Origin and Termination of Anti-plant Chemical Warfare in Vietnam

Anti-plant chemical warfare (CW), the use of chemicals to clear vegetation or destroy food crops as a method of warfare, was conducted on a large scale in the Vietnam War of the 1960s and 1970s. Unlike the anti-personnel CW of World War I, which continued until the Armistice, anti-plant CW in Vietnam was terminated while the war was still underway. Already subject to increasing controversy, its limitation and subsequent termination was precipitated by the appearance in late 1969 of a government-sponsored study suggesting that 2,4,5-T, a component of Agent Orange, the herbicide most heavily used for defoliation, might be teratogenic to humans. In consequence, its use in Vietnam was restricted and then prohibited altogether. Although another herbicide, Agent White, remained briefly in use, all large-area defoliation had ceased by May 1970, leaving crop destruction as the remaining form of large-area herbicide operations in Vietnam. After a review of the program requested by the U.S. Ambassador and the Commanding General in Saigon, the ambassador telegraphed Washington in early December 1970 their decision that chemical crop destruction should be phased out. Although secret, the content of the telegram became known to the press and was published a week later, followed shortly thereafter by President Richard Nixon’s announcement that there would be “an orderly yet rapid phaseout of herbicide operations in Vietnam.”
Protozoan Fine Structure and Functional Microanatomy

The diverse morphological features and broad variations in cellular function exhibited by many species of protozoa are explained at the fine structural level by an assemblage of remarkably similar subcelluar structures. Some of the intracytoplasmic inclusions found in protozoa are shown in Figure 11.1. The spatial organization, cytoplasmic distribution, and temporal coordination of the activities of these fundamental organelles accounts in large measure for the diversity of form and function observed at the light microscopic level. Thus, amidst clear evidence of diversity in form and function at the organismic level, there is an aesthetically attractive sense of parsimony and uniformity in organizational features at the fine structural level. There are, indeed, specialized organelles characteristic of many of the taxa. These specialized fine structural features often account for unique physiological functions not found in other groups. Some taxonomic distinctions are based on the presence of these characteristic organelles. For example, the Kinetoplastida are characterized, among other features, by the presence of a mitochondrial-like body possessing a large mass of DNA called a kinetoplast. This organelle is apparently a form of mitochondrion serving as an oxidative metabolic center with production of ATP. No other chondriome is present in the Kinetoplastida. It is interesting to note, however, that the mitochondria of Euglenida and the chrondiome of Kinetoplastida bear discoidal cristae rather than tubular cristae, which, among other characteristics mentioned in Chapter 12, suggest that the two groups may be phylogenetically related (Brugerolle 1985). Microtubular reinforcement of the reservoir region in several flagellates including Euglenida, Kinetoplastida, and Trichomonadida may represent a common structural adaptation to reinforce the cytoplasm in this critical region, where stress is likely to be increased due to flagellar motion.
Chapter 5 – The Use of Early Life Stages in Stock Identification Studies

Publisher Summary A stock is a group of individuals for which population parameters can be meaningfully estimated for specific management applications, typically fishery stock assessments. The purpose of a fishery stock assessment is to use various statistical and mathematical calculations to make quantitative predictions about the status of exploited fishes and their response to alternative management options. Early life stages (ELSs) can be useful in identifying stocks in context of the “genotypic,” “phenotypic,” and “contingent” stock concepts. This chapter reviews the use of planktonic ELSs in the definition of fish and invertebrate stocks. Planktonic ELSs include eggs, larvae, and, in some species, juveniles. The emphasis will be on marine systems; however, the material should be relevant to freshwater systems as well. The chapter also reviews the role of ELS information in the stock concept, provides some examples of the application of ELS information to stock delineation, and discusses the future of ELS studies in stock identification.
The Judicial Discourse in the Handling of Political Misinformation (and Disinformation)

This chapter looks at how the courts have handled political deception. This is a judicial discourse analysis, looking at how the courts have framed their arguments. An important part of this is looking at what the courts have said when finding a statute unconstitutional as opposed to the arguments made when a statute is upheld. This chapter will go through an historical exploration of the issue, looking at key cases arising from the precedent that the Sullivan case set. The chapter will begin with a section on the courts’ handling of advertising, specifically false advertising, in a more general, non-political context. This will be followed by a discussion of some significant court cases on political deception. That section will also discuss some lesser-known, lower court cases, especially those that conflict with the higher court consensus about First Amendment protection for political deception. The chapter will conclude with a transition into a discussion of the three more contemporary cases of 281 CARE Committee v. Arneson, Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus, and what is probably the most important court case on this issue: U.S. v. Alvarez.
Management of Corn Aphids

Introduction Many agronomists and producers have noticed a large number of aphids present in select corn fields the past two growing seasons. The two predominant species are the corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) and the bird cherryoat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi). Currently, there are no economic threshold levels available for producers to use when debating the need for management strategies beyond tasseling. A trial was initiated at the Northwest Research Farm in 2009 to study the impact of these aphid species on corn grain yield.
From Society to Humanity

In this study of the moral nature of man I have treated first of individual man and then of society. Continuing the policy of enlarging the area of consideration, I undertake next an examination of the ethics of the human species. This is the largest consideration possible if the study is to be limited to the human, but as we shall see it is not. Still larger vistas open up before us as we undertake to review the little which is available to us of the study of the ethics of the cosmos. Cosmic ethics is the ethics of the universe of existence, but there are still other universes, such as the universe of essence, in which is found the ethical ideal, and the universe of destiny, in which are found ethical strivings. Each of these will be treated at sufficient length to give a comprehensive view of the whole field of ethics.
Nicotinic Receptors and Mental Illness

The prevalence of smoking in the mentally ill, particularly in schizophrenic patients, is much higher than in the general population. While smoking demographics are altered in these patients, nicotinic receptors are implicated in the disorder. Nicotine normalizes several sensory processing deficits in schizophrenia, as well as improving cognition and disease symptomatology. Smoking has a large effect on gene expression in human brain, and many genes abnormally expressed in schizophrenic nonsmokers are brought to control levels in schizophrenic smokers. The α7 nicotinic receptor gene, CHRNA7, is genetically linked to the disorder in multiple studies. Deletion of Chrna7 in mice results in several traits found in schizophrenic individuals. The expression of α7nAChRs is decreased in postmortem brain of schizophrenic subjects, as measured by α-bungarotoxin binding. Nicotine binding is also decreased in schizophrenic brain, suggesting that high-affinity nicotinic receptor expression is reduced as well. Regulation of the CHRNA7 gene is complex. Promoter methylation and several transcription factors have been identified that affect transcription. The human CHRNA7 gene is unusual in that it is partially duplicated. The duplicated sequences are expressed with exons from a second partial duplication, forming a new, chimeric gene, CHRFAM7A. The duplicated gene is human specific, not being found in rodents or primates. The duplicated sequences in CHRFAM7A are nearly identical to exons 5–10 of the full-length gene, CHRNA7. Thus, exons 5–10 cannot be accurately queried for CHRNA7 in genome-wide association studies. Further, the duplicated gene product, dupα7, is a dominant negative regulator of α7nAChR function, reducing current in response to acetylcholine application. Functional mutations in the CHRNA7 gene promoter and in CHRFAM7A have been identified and are associated with schizophrenia. Several agonists of the α7nAChR have been identified as possible therapeutic drugs, including DMXB-A and choline. Type II allosteric modulators appear to potentiate function of the human heteromeric receptor, containing both CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A gene products.
Two Experimental Consequences of the Theory of Gravitational Relativity

Two experimentally verifiable implications of the expressions for mass of a test particle and gravitational potential on flat spacetime in a gravitational field of arbitrary strength, in the context of the theory of gravitational relativity (TGR) are derived. The first is the existing expression for the shift in perihelion per revolution of a planet round an assumed spherical Sun, derived until now on a proposed curved spacetime in a gravitational field in the context of the general theory of relativity (GR), with excellent observational support in the case of the planet mercury, which is re-derived in a more compact and more straight forward manner on flat spacetime in the context of TGR. The second is a set of new (hybrid) forces of nature namely, gravi-electric, gravi-magnetic and laser-anti-gravitational forces, which arise when a capacitor (with electric field of extremely large strength between its plates), an electromagnet (with magnetic field of extremely large strength between its pole pieces) and a sphere containing very high energy radial laser beams respectively, each of which is safely enclosed in a box, falls freely towards a gravitational field source on flat spacetime in the context of TGR. Each of these forces is repulsive and opposes the gravitational attraction on a body towards a gravitational field source. While the applications of the gravi-electric and gravi-magnetic forces in achieving anti-gravitational thrust lack any prospect, there is a good promise for the use of the laser-anti-gravitational force to control the weight (or effectively the inertia) of a body (without engine power or any other aid) in the gravitational field of the earth or a host planet.
Positive, Negative, and Balanced Shyness

Prior research has shown shyness to be related to concern about evaluations or possible evaluations by others (Schlenker & Leary, 1982; Zimbardo, 1977), discomfort and inhibition in the presence of others (Cheek & Buss, 1981), diffidence about entering into social interaction (Pilkonis, 1977), and exaggerated self-scrutiny and self-appraisal (Fenigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975; Leary, 1982). Small wonder that shyness is typically viewed as a problem or deficit to be overcome (Zimbardo & Radl, 1981), and as a barrier preventing individuals from demonstrating their true worth in dealings with others (Leary & Schlenker, 1981). Even from this very brief formulation, it seems clear that research investigations of shyness may profitably address two themes, (a) assessment of the inner or self-view of oneself as shy, and (b) analyses of reactions of others to determine whether such responses have the negative tone feared and expected by the shy person.
Dynamically Growing Shear Bands in Metals: A Study of Transient Temperature and Deformation Fields

The objective of our work is (1) to establish the critical conditions for initiation and growth of shear bands in pre-notched plates subjected to asymmetric impact loading (dynamic mode II, see Fig. 1); and (2) to investigate and characterize the transition in the modes of failure when such plates are subjected to a variety of loading rates (impact velocities). These failure modes which may feature either dynamic shear band growth, dynamic crack propagation or both, (see Fig. 1), have been observed in structural materials such as the high strength steels and heat-resistant titanium alloy considered in the present work. The approach is to study both the dynamic mechanical deformations and the processes of heat generation and thermal softening. This necessitates the simultaneous use of high speed optical and infrared diagnostics in the experiments. In parallel to the experimental study, full-scale thermomechanical finite element simulations are conducted to assist the development of criteria for shear band initiation and propagation. The calculations make use of constitutive parameters measured in house through material testing in a variety of strain rates. Such a combined experimental and numerical approach enables us to make direct comparisons between measurements and predictions obtained using various material constitutive and failure models.
Motivational tools to improve probationer treatment outcomes.

Background Motivational interviewing (MI) is a promising practice to increase motivation, treatment retention, and reducing recidivism among offender populations. Computer-delivered interventions have grown in popularity as a way to change behaviors associated with drug and alcohol use.
Health and Wellness Coaching: Providers and Practice-A Commentary on Sforzo and Colleagues (2018).

The field of health and wellness coaching holds great promise for making health behavior change interventions available to more individuals. We assert that the health and wellness literature should...
Input Constrained M-MRAC for Multirotors Operating in an Urban Environment

The paper presents a modified model reference adaptive control (M-MRAC) for multi-input multi-output nonlinear dynamical systems with time varying parametric uncertainties and bounded external disturbances. It uses a prediction model to rapidly generate adaptive estimates of the system's uncertainties with adjustable errors that converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. A sufficient condition is derived to specify the region of attraction in the space of initialization errors, design parameters and external commends. The approach is applied to thrust controlled multi-rotor air vehicles operating in an urban environment. It is shown that the designed controller can provide a good tracking of a given trajectory in the unknown urban wind field, assuming that the maximum thrust generated by the rotors is known. The performance of the algorithms are demonstrated in simulations.
Waveform and Source Analyses

Electric circuits consist of several components that form a certain topology. The drivers of the circuit can be voltage sources and/or current source. They force the current pass through the circuit by generating voltage drops across elements. A circuit performs certain tasks and has a certain output as well. The sources which are considered as input to the circuit can generate various waveforms. These waveforms excite the circuit and cause different effects.
The Role of Sand Moisture in Shaping Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Neonate Growth in Southeast Florida

Many environmental variables that affect incubating turtle eggs in the nest may also affect hatchling development, following hatchling emergence. However, these effects may be subtle and are largely unexamined. In this study, we analyzed the effect of sand moisture content during incubation on the postemergence growth rates of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in southeastern Florida. We divided 10 clutches in halves, reburied them, and exposed them to 1 of 2 treatments. At emergence, 7 clutches met minimum criteria for inclusion in the study. One halfclutch received only ambient rainfall (“dry” treatment) while the other half-clutch received ambient rainfall plus daily watering (“wet” treatment). Data loggers were used to record incubation temperatures in both groups. Hatchlings were captured at emergence and laboratoryreared over a period of ∼ 3 mo. Mass, straight carapace length (SCL), and straight carapace width (SCW) were measured weekly to track growth. Initial measurements were larger for turtles from the wet nests in all metrics. Turtles from wet nests grew more in SCW than turtles from dry nests. Turtle growth from the 2 treatments did not differ in SCL or mass measurements. Larger initial sizes and faster SCW growth may enable the turtles to more quickly achieve a refuge size from their gape-limited predators. Moisture availability during nesting season is projected to decrease based on climate change models. If that change materializes, it could negatively affect hatchling sizes and neonate growth rates, survival, and hence the recovery of this imperiled species.
[Colorectal metastases - Current treatment strategies].

Zusammenfassung. Uber 50 % der Patienten mit kolorektalem Karzinom sind im Verlaufe der Erkrankung von Fernmetastasen betroffen. Der haufigste Ort der Metastasierung ist hierbei die Leber, gefolgt ...
Strategies and Tools for Metadata Migration Analysis and Harmonization

The University of Houston (UH) Libraries, in partnership and consultation with numerous institutions, was awarded an Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) National Leadership/Project Grant to support the creation of the Bridge2Hyku (B2H) Toolkit. Research shows that institutions are inclined to switch from proprietary digital systems to open source digital solutions. However, content migration from proprietary systems to open source repositories remains a barrier for many institutions because of a lack of tools, tutorials, and documentation. The B2H Toolkit includes general migration strategies and use cases as well as tools specifically designed for transitioning from CONTENTdm, a digital collections management software, to the Hyku digital repository. The toolkit acts as a comprehensive resource to guide migration practitioners in migration planning, metadata analysis and harmonization, and to facilitate the repository migration process. This paper focuses on how the toolkit’s metadata guidelines and migration tools aid in migration planning, metadata analysis, metadata application profile development, metadata harmonization, and bulk ingest of digital objects into Hyku.
Comparison of Command-Based vs. Reality-Based Interaction in a Veterinary Medicine Training Application

This paper presents a study evaluating alternative interaction styles for a novel virtual reality simulator proposed for veterinary neurology training. We compared a reality-based interaction metaphor, which is commonly used in virtual reality applications, to a command-based metaphor that reduced interactivity towards improving overall application usability. A cohort of 55 veterinary medicine students took part in the study, which took place at the veterinary school building. The study used a crossover design that allowed each participant to try both systems. Results suggested some correctable usability issues with the reality-based system, particularly the inclusion of haptic feedback for certain parts of the examination. A strong overall preference for the reality-based system was also observed. The study highlighted the potential of using both systems in tandem, with the command-based system being used prior to the reality-based system.
FIdelity: Efficient Resilience Analysis Framework for Deep Learning Accelerators

We present a resilience analysis framework, called FIdelity, to accurately and quickly analyze the behavior of hardware errors in deep learning accelerators. Our framework enables resilience analysis starting from the very beginning of the design process to ensure that the reliability requirements are met, so that these accelerators can be safely deployed for a wide range of applications, including safety-critical applications such as self-driving cars.Existing resilience analysis techniques suffer from the following limitations: 1. general-purpose hardware techniques can achieve accurate results, but they require access to RTL to perform time-consuming RTL simulations, which is not feasible for early design exploration; 2. general-purpose software techniques can produce results quickly, but they are highly inaccurate; 3. techniques targeting deep learning accelerators only focus on memory errors.Our FIdelity framework overcomes these limitations. FIdelity only requires a minimal amount of high-level design information that can be obtained from architectural descriptions/block diagrams, or estimated and varied for sensitivity analysis. By leveraging unique architectural properties of deep learning accelerators, we are able to systematically model a major class of hardware errors – transient errors in logic components – in software with high fidelity. Therefore, FIdelity is both quick and accurate, and does not require access to RTL.We thoroughly validate our FIdelity framework using Nvidia’s open-source accelerator called NVDLA, which shows that the results are highly accurate – out of 60K fault injection experiments, the software fault models derived using FIdelity closely match the behaviors observed from RTL simulations. Using the validated FIdelity framework, we perform a large-scale resilience study on NVDLA, which consists of 46M fault injection experiments running various representative deep neural network applications. We report the key findings and architectural insights, which can be used to guide the design of future accelerators.
Courts Re-Examine the Application of Goldfinger-Era Electronic Tracking Cases to Law Enforcement Use of GPS Tracking Devices

GPS tracking devices have become inexpensive, small, and can easily be attached to a vehicle quickly. Law enforcement is increasingly using these devices to track the exact location of a suspect's vehicle over a long period of time. In most instances, relying on Supreme Court cases from the early 1980's, law enforcement has not sought a warrant before using these devices. This paper examines how courts have attempted to apply Supreme Court precedents based on "primitive" tracking devices to modern GPS tracking devices. These precedents established that the use of electronic tracking devices on vehicles did not constitute a search and, accordingly, did not implicate the Fourth Amendment because people do not have a reasonable privacy interest in the movement of their vehicles when traveling on a public roadway. Until recently, federal courts have, on the basis on these decisions, almost universally upheld the use of GPS tracking devices. In contrast, state courts have been more reluctant to follow these Supreme Court precedents. A recent decision by the D.C. Circuit Court should cause future courts to re-examine the application of the prior Supreme Court precedents. In this decision, the federal court recognized that people have a reasonable expectation of privacy in the totality of their movements over the course of a period of time. The paper concludes that the approach taken by the D. C. Circuit is most consistent with the Supreme Court's Fourth Amendment jurisprudence, because sustained and long-term surveillance of a targeted individual unrelated to any particular criminal action violates a reasonable expectation ofprivacy. J.D., cur laude, Harvard University Law School, 1995, B.A., magna cur laude, University of Pennsylvania, 1992. Vice President and General Counsel, the Lycurgus Group. Full biographical information is available at http://lycurgusgroup.net/aboutus.aspx. 402 RICHMOND JOURNAL OF LAW AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST [Vol. XIV:401 Q: You'll be using this Aston Martin DB with modifications. Now, pay attention, please.... Here's a nice little transmitting device, called a homer. You prime it hypressing that back like this. You see? The smaller model is now standard field issue, to befitted into the heel of your shoe. Its larger brother is magnetic. Right. It'll be concealed in the car you're trailing while you keep out of sight. Reception on the dashboard here. Audiovisual range a hundred
Schedule Thinning During Functional Communication Training in the Home for Young Children With Autism

Functional communication training (FCT) is a common function-based intervention for young children with or at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to teach an alternative communicative response ...
Molecular and clinical characterization of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients achieving deep PSA responses to bipolar androgen therapy (BAT).

127Background: BAT is an emerging treatment strategy for men with mCRPC, whereby testosterone concentrations are cycled from supraphysiologic to castrate levels each month. BAT has been shown to be...
Neoadjuvant presurgical PD-1 inhibition in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

Summary Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is a prevalent surgically treated subset of head and neck cancer with frequent recurrence and poor survival. Immunotherapy has demonstrated efficacy in recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer. However, whether antitumor responses could be fostered by neoadjuvant presurgical immunotherapy remains unclear. Using a Simon’s two-stage design, we present results of a single-arm phase-II trial where 12 patients with stage II-IVA OCSCC received 3 to 4 biweekly doses of 3 mg/kg nivolumab followed by definitive surgical resection with curative intent. Presurgical nivolumab therapy in this cohort shows an overall response rate of 33% (n = 4 patients; 95% CI: 12%–53%). With a median follow up of 2.23 years, 10 out of 12 treated patients remain alive. Neoadjuvant nivolumab is safe, well-tolerated, and is not associated with delays in definitive surgical treatment in this study. This work demonstrates feasibility and safety for incorporation of nivolumab in the neoadjuvant setting for OCSCC (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03021993 ).
An estimable dynamic model of asset accumulation and return migration

This paper analyzes return migration and asset accumulation in a stochastic dynamic model using a longitudinal dataset on legal immigrants in Germany. Our model gives a number of implications about the level, timing and selection of return migration along with the savings proÞles of immigrants. In addition, we examine how the return and savings behavior of immigrants vary according to their country of origin and demographic characteristics. The model is used to determine the impact of a number of counterfactual policy experiments on the composition of immigrants, such as changes in the unemployment insurance program and the payment of bonuses conditional on their employment status and duration of residence to encourage immigrants to return home. In addition, we assess the impact of counterfactuals in the macroeconomic environment, like changes in wages in Germany and in purchasing power parity between Germany and the source countries.
Cutinase and non-specific esterase activities in the conidial mucilage of Colletotrichum graminicola

Abstract Colletotrichum graminicola is the causal agent of anthracnose on a variety of graminaceous monocotyledonous plants, including corn and sorghum. When conidia of C. graminicola are produced in acervuli on infected plant tissues or in culture, they are surrounded by a mucilage. The mucilage, which is composed of high molecular weight glycoproteins, various enzymes, and a self-inhibitor of conidium germination, functions to protect condidia from untimely germination, from desiccation, and from toxic phenolic metabolites produced by the host plant in response to infection. The present investigation demonstrates that the mucilage contains four cutinases whose molecular weights are similar to those of other fungal cutinases. Like other cutinases these enzymes are of the serine-esterase class of hydrolases as shown by inhibition of enzyme activity with diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DIPF). In the presence of high concentrations of DIPF, conidia produced apparently normal, mature appressoria yet were unable to cause disease of corn leaves. The function of the mucilage cutinases is discussed with regard to their importance to the infection process.
A New Min-Cut Max-Flow Ratio for Multicommodity Flows

We present an improved bound on the min-cut max-flow ratio for multicommodity flow problems with specified demands. To obtain the numerator of this ratio, capacity of a cut is scaled by the demand that has to cross the cut. In the denominator, the maximum concurrent flow value is used. Our new bound is proportional to log(k*) where k* is the cardinality of the minimal vertex cover of the demand graph.
Warfarin anticoagulation and survival: a cohort analysis from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction.

Abstract Objectives. We sought to evaluate the relation between warfarin anticoagulation and survival and morbidity from cardiac disease in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Background. Warfarin anticoagulation plays a major role in the management of patients who have had a large myocardial infarction and in those with atrial fibrillation. However, its use in patients with LV systolic dysfunction has been controversial. Methods. We reviewed data on warfarin use in 6,797 patients enrolled in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial and analyzed the relation between warfarin use and all-cause mortality, as well as the combined end point of death or hospital admission for heart failure. We used Cox regression to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics and to test for the interaction between warfarin use and selected patient variables in relation to outcome. Results. On multivariate analysis, use of warfarin was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65 to 0.89, p = 0.0006) and in the risk of death or hospital admission for heart failure (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.93, p = 0.0002). Risk reduction was observed when each trial or randomization arm was analyzed separately, as well as in both genders. It was not significantly influenced by the presence of atrial fibrillation, age, ejection fraction, New York Heart Association functional class or etiology. Conclusions. In patients with LV systolic dysfunction, warfarin use is associated with improved survival and reduced morbidity. This association is primarily due to a reduction in cardiac events and does not appear to be limited to any particular subgroup.
A novel metaheuristics approach for continuous global optimization

This paper proposes a novel metaheuristics approach to find the global optimum of continuous global optimization problems with box constraints. This approach combines the characteristics of modern metaheuristics such as scatter search (SS), genetic algorithms (GAs), and tabu search (TS) and named as hybrid scatter genetic tabu (HSGT) search. The development of the HSGT search, parameter settings, experimentation, and efficiency of the HSGT search are discussed. The HSGT has been tested against a simulated annealing algorithm, a GA under the name GENOCOP, and a modified version of a hybrid scatter genetic (HSG) search by using 19 well known test functions. Applications to Neural Network training are also examined. From the computational results, the HSGT search proved to be quite effective in identifying the global optimum solution which makes the HSGT search a promising approach to solve the general nonlinear optimization problem.
Predictive modeling of in-plane geometric deviation for 3D printed freeform products

Although 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) holds great promise as a direct manufacturing technology, the dimensional geometric accuracy remains a critical issue, especially for freeform products with complex geometric shapes. Efforts have long been attempted to improve the accuracy of AM built freeform products. But there is a lack of generic methodology transparent to specific AM processes. This study fills the gap by establishing a general model predicting the in-plane (x-y plane) geometric deviations of AM built freeform products. Built upon our previous predictive model and optimal compensation study for cylinder and polyhedron shapes, this work makes a breakthrough by directly predicting arbitrary freeform shape deviations from CAD design. Experimental investigation using stereolithography process successfully validates the proposed methodology, which indicates the prospect of optimal compensation for freeform products built by a varieties of AM processes.
An architecture for rate-distortion optimized motion estimation

In this paper, we propose an architecture for motion estimation using variable block matching scheme. It is based on recent advances in rate allocation theory, developed for computing rate-distortion optimized movement compensation. The optimum motion vector and the best quad tree decomposition are determined in a closed loop optimization procedure. Only the quadtree and the motion vector, which are considered to provide the absolute minimum update information, are coded and transmitted. The proposed tree architecture supports pipelined operations. The architecture is suitable for VLSI implementation, owing to modular properties. The Processing Elements (PEs) also support pipelining. An Application Specific circuit prototype has been designed for 4/spl times/4 image blocks. The proposed architecture is scalable and can be easily be adopted for large image blocks. >