cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A silver stain for the rapid quantitative detection of proteins or nucleic acids on membranes or thin layer plates

A relatively simple silver stain which takes less than 15 min to perform has been developed for the detection of nanogram quantities of proteins and DNA on cellulose membranes and thin layer plates. This stain demonstrates a reproducible curvilinear relationship between silver density and the amount of protein or DNA, over an averaged concentration range from 1 to 300 ng for proteins and 10 to 710 ng for DNA. The ease of staining proteins and DNA on membranes, combined with the stain's sensitivity and reproducibility, permits the use of this procedure for the quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of proteins and DNA. The simplicity of this silver stain has also permitted a survey of the staining properties of individual amino acids, purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides, nucleotides, homopolymers, and small peptides of known sequence. This survey demonstrated the importance of the basic amino acids, particularly lysine and histidine, and the sulfur-containing amino acids in the detection of proteins. It also indicated that the purine bases may play an important role in the detection of DNA.
A new experimental approach to two-dimensional percolation

Abstract By using a computer to generate random patterns and then reproducing these patterns by photolithographic techniques, we have prepared a random stick system and a bond percolation system for experimental studies of 2D percolation. The agreement between the measured conductivity exponents for these two systems supports the universality hypothesis.
Statistical theory for the ratio of isomer to prompt and neutron to prompt cross sections

Abstract A new method for the calculation of the ratios between several cross sections in nuclei in which prompt fission, isomeric fission and neutron evaporation dominate is presented. The theory gives very good agreement with experiment.
Mediation of transfer of [1-14C] polyenoic acids between microsomes and mitochondria of developing rat brain by a soluble macromolecular factor

Abstract a macromolecular factor in the supernatant fraction derived from rat brain appears to mediate in vitro incorporation of [1-14C] phosphatide into brain mitochondria from a microsomal fraction labelled in vivo with [1-14C] 18:2(n-6) or [1-14C]18:3(n-3). The factor is non-precipitable at pH 5.1, heat-labile and non-dialyzable through a forced-flow dialysis system designed to extrude molecules of less than 10,000 molecular weight. The mitochondrial total phosphatide specific activity achieved is logarithmically related to the non-dialyzable supernatant protein concentration within limits.
Laser assisted Pd seeding for electroless plating on SiO2

Excimer laser pulses with wavelengths of 248 and 308 nm were used to selectively seed Pd on SiO2 surfaces, making them suitable for electroless plating. This novel seeding process for insulating materials is accomplished with the sample immersed in the seeding solution, and occurs only on the areas of the substrate that are illuminated (through the liquid) by the laser light. The Pd content of the seeded samples increased with the number of pulses, but was rather independent of repetition rate. The deposition rate showed a dependence with wavelength consistent with a defect driven mechanism for electron excitation through the band gap of SiO2. These electrons then reduce the Pd ions in the solution in contact with the surface.
Minority Students of Color and the Psychology Graduate Pipeline: Disquieting and Encouraging Trends, 1989-2003.

Trends since 1989 in the minority graduate pipeline in psychology are examined, with special focus on trends in recent years. Encouraging trends generally outweigh troubling ones at lower levels of the pipeline. However, in recent years disquieting trends dominate at the higher pipeline levels. Promising trends include a rise in the percentage (to nearly 25%) of minority psychology students receiving the bachelor's degree and a rise to more than 20% receiving the master's degree. Troubling trends include the stalling of growth in minority PhD degree receipt since 1999 and the lack of growth in the percentage of African American and Hispanic/Latino(a) students entering PhD departments. Given the mixed findings, one of the highest priorities for psychology must be continued and persistent efforts to develop practices and policies that enhance recruitment, high levels of achievement, and degree receipt for students of color.
Deletion Analysis of the Large Subunit p140 in Human Replication Factor C Reveals Regions Required for Complex Formation and Replication Activities

Replication factor C (RFC) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are processivity factors for eukaryotic DNA polymerases δ and ϵ. RFC contains multiple activities, including its ability to recognize and bind to a DNA primer end and load the ring-shaped PCNA onto DNA in an ATP-dependent reaction. PCNA then tethers the polymerase to the template allowing processive DNA chain elongation. Human RFC consists of five distinct subunits (p140, p40, p38, p37, and p36), and RFC activity can be reconstituted from the five cloned gene products. To characterize the role of the large subunit p140 in the function of the RFC complex, deletion mutants were created that defined a region within the p140 C terminus required for complex formation with the four small subunits. Deletion of the p140 N-terminal half, including the DNA ligase homology domain, resulted in the formation of an RFC complex with enhanced activity in replication and PCNA loading. Deletion of additional N-terminal amino acids, including those constituting the RFC homology box II that is conserved among all five RFC subunits, disrupted RFC replication function. DNA primer end recognition and PCNA binding activities, located in the p140 C-terminal half, were unaffected in this mutant, but PCNA loading was abolished.
On the lattice-liquid model for interface roughening

Abstract The treatments of Jackson and Temkin concerning the interfacial roughness of solid-liquid interfaces are shown to predict negative interfacial free energies, which is contrary to experiment. It is proposed that the recognition of excess entropy factors can correct this deficiency.
Theory and Verify of Mensurate Cl- Ion by Flow Injection-Cathodic Potentiometric Stripping Analysis

In this paper, the theoretical equation of flow injection-cathodic potentiometric stripping analysis for Cl- ion determination was derived from theoretical analysis, and the experimental equation was summarized using multiple linear regression method. The result shows that the theoretical equation of flow injection-cathodic potentiometric stripping analysis for Cl- ion is: (dt/dE)max =K Ap r-1/2D2/3-1/6Vf1/2teCx-/is; that the experimental equation of multiple linear regression method is: (dt/dE)max Cl-1.86×1010Vf0.568 teC Cl-/is. The two results are similar on Vf-average flow rate, te-concentrate time, C Cl- -Cl- ion concentration and is constant current.
Different domains are critical for oligomerization compatibility of different connexins

Oligomerization of connexins is a critical step in gap junction channel formation. Some members of the connexin family can oligomerize with other members and form functional heteromeric hemichannels [e.g. Cx43 (connexin 43) and Cx45], but others are incompatible (e.g. Cx43 and Cx26). To find connexin domains important for oligomerization, we constructed chimaeras between Cx43 and Cx26 and studied their ability to oligomerize with wild-type Cx43, Cx45 or Cx26. HeLa cells co-expressing Cx43, Cx45 or Cx26 and individual chimaeric constructs were analysed for interactions between the chimaeras and the wild-type connexins using cell biological (subcellular localization by immunofluorescence), functional (intercellular diffusion of microinjected Lucifer yellow) and biochemical (sedimentation velocity through sucrose gradients) assays. All of the chimaeras containing the third transmembrane domain of Cx43 interacted with wild-type Cx43 on the basis of co-localization, dominant-negative inhibition of intercellular communication, and altered sedimentation velocity. The same chimaeras also interacted with co-expressed Cx45. In contrast, immunofluorescence and intracellular diffusion of tracer suggested that other domains influenced oligomerization compatibility when chimaeras were co-expressed with Cx26. Taken together, these results suggest that amino acids in the third transmembrane domain are critical for oligomerization with Cx43 and Cx45. However, motifs in different domains may determine oligomerization compatibility in members of different connexin subfamilies.
The Global Network Society and STS Education.

Globalization of markets and expanding communication technology networks affect all dimensions of education: curriculum, instructional method, learning environments, and administration. In this article, the author anticipates the impacts upon education in science, technology, and society (STS).
Plasma α1-acid glycoprotein levels in pregnancy

One hundred and five determinations of plasma alpha1-acid glycoprotein (α1, AG) levels in 96 women with normal pregnancies were done by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed in this laboratory. Plasma α1AG levels in pregnant women of all trimesters and 4–10 weeks post-partum period do not differ significantly from those obtained from healthy women of child bearing age. In nine women whose pregnancies were complicated by acute inflammation, plasma levels of α1ag were significantly higher. These findings suggest that in normal pregnancy, α1ag levels in the plasma remain unchanged. But, pregnancy does not obscure α1AG response to acute inflammation.
Effects of temperature and cholesterol on the glucose permeability of liposomes prepared with natural and synthetic lecithins

Incorporation of cholesterol into liposomes can, under appropriate conditions, decrease the amount of trapped glucose which is released upon subsequent incubation of the liposomes at various temperatures. The ability of cholesterol to reduce the glucose permeability of liposomes is markedly influenced by the fatty acid substituents present in the lecithin used in preparation of the liposomes. The sterol had the greatest effect when liposomes were prepared from synthetic or natural lecithins (e.g., (dioleoyl)-, (1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl)-, or egg lecithin) whole molecular area, as determined by monolayer studies, is significantly reduced by cholesterol. In contrast, cholesterol had a smaller effect on the release of glucose from liposomes prepared with (dilinolcoyl)-lecithin, particularly when the liposomes contained a low content of charged amphipathic compounds (dicetyl phosphate or phosphatidic acid); the molecular area of this lecithin is not diminished in the presence of sterol. Ergosterol and cetyl alcohol can also reduce the glucose permeability of egg lecithin liposomes whereas cholesterol esters have no influence. The significance of these observations, as regards the function of sterols in natural cell membranes, is discussed.
A low power 100MΩ CMOS front-end transimpedance amplifier for biosensing applications

In this paper, the design, implementation and simulation of a high-gain, low-power, low-noise CMOS front-end transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is presented for interfacing with a bio-sensor array and analog neural circuits. An improved capacitive-feedback TIA topology is used with an active load to obtain a 100MΩ transimpedance gain, 1MHz bandwidth, 158fA/rt(Hz) input-referred current noise at sensing frequency, near 0° phase shift and 1V peak-to-peak output swing. The proposed circuit dissipates 132µW from a 1.8V supply and the circuit is implemented in a standard 0.18µm CMOS 1P6M technology.
Profit Inflation and Industrial Growth: The Historic Record and Contemporary Analogies

Introduction, 441. — I. Profit inflation during the price revolution, 443; variations in wage lags among European countries, 444; the deflation of industrial profit inflation, 445; agricultural windfalls, 449; other effects of the inflow of specie, 450. — II. Profit inflation in the era of the Industrial Revolution, 1750–1800, 451; profit inflation in France, 451; profit inflation in Spain, 453; profit inflation in England, 454. — III. Hamilton's tour d'horizon, 457. — IV. Profit inflation in underdeveloped countries, 459; inflationary pressures from agriculture, 459; foreign exchange earnings and inflation, 460. — V. Conclusion, 462.
BEARINGS FOR VACUUM OPERATION RETAINER MATERIAL AND DESIGN

Investigation of the high-speed operation of miniature ball bearings, with metallic film lubrication, in a vacuum environment
EFFICIENT MODULAR IMPLEMENTATION OF BRANCH‐AND‐BOUND ALGORITHMS*

This paper demonstrates how branch-and-bound algorithms can be modularized to obtain implementation efficiencies. For the manager, this advantage can be used to obtain faster implementation of algorithm results; for the scientist, it allows efficiencies in the construction of similar algorithms with different search and addressing structures for the purpose of testing to find a preferred algorithm. The demonstration in part is achieved by showing how the computer code of a central module of logic can be transported between different algorithms that have the same search strategy. Modularizations of three common searches (the best-bound search and two variants of the last-in-first-out search) with two addressing methods are detailed and contrasted. Using four assembly line balancing algorithms as examples, modularization is demonstrated and the search and addressing methods are contrasted. The application potential of modularization is broad and includes linear programming-based integer programming. Benefits and disadvantages of modularization are discussed. Computational results demonstrate the viability of the method.
SpectraSort: A data analysis program for real-time aerosol analysis by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract A computer program, SpectraSort, has been written to facilitate the analysis of ambient aerosol data acquired in our laboratory using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS). ATOFMS is a unique aerosol analysis technique developed to obtain the size and chemical composition of individual aerosol particles. Conventional aerosol analysis methods can only provide the average chemical composition of many particles for a given size range, or the size of individual particles, but not their chemical composition. Knowledge of both the size and composition of individual aerosol particles ultimately will help evaluate particle toxicity and reactivity, as well as assist in the identification of particle emission sources. These three pieces of information are vital in any rigorous attempt to regulate particulate pollution in the atmosphere. At present, in ATOFMS data analysis, each individual particle mass spectrum must be calibrated manually, and any compositional information tabulated for subsequent correlation with the size of the corresponding particle. SpectraSort greatly facilitates the processing of particle size and composition information by maximizing the efficiency of manual classification; but, a fully automated solution is necessary if ATOFMS is to evolve into a routine real-time aerosol analysis tool.
Studies of the Cultural Physiology of the Lichen Alga Trebouxia

The pholosynthetic growth of three species of Trebouxia was so slow as to preclude the usual inorganic methods of algal cultivation. Heterotrophic growth was much stronger — as many as 0.4 doublings per day were obtained in Bold's solution with glucose and amino acid hydrolysates. Ammonium salts of inorganic acids could not be used in the culture medium because they caused excessive reductions in pH. Although the organisms showed variations in their growth response to amino acids, no specific requirement was found. T. erici produced significantly lower quantities of photosynthetic pigments in the dark. Of the nineteen carbohydrates tested, only glucose, mannitol, and galactosc stimulated growth of the algae. Preliminary studies showed that Trebouxia incorporated 14CO2 more slowly than Chlorella pyrenoidosa. However, the carbon fixed by Trebouxia remained soluble in 80% ethanol longer than Chlorella. The carbon incorporated as CO2 in short term experiments was greater than would be expected from the growth rates of the organisms studied.
Surface Analysis of Plasma-Polymerized Fluorocarbon Films by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometry

Abstract The surface of films deposited from hexafluoroethane and tetrafluoroethylene on plastic and wool textile substrates was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The carbon Is spectra obtained from the fluorocarbon surfaces could be resolved into five lines. The three highest binding energy lines were assigned to carbons containing one, two, and three fluorine atoms, respectively. Surface oxidization was detected by the presence of two oxygen Is lines on the surface of the films. Two fluorine Is electron lines were observed on the surface of the films formed from hexafluoroethane on wool. These lines were assigned to fluorine covalently bound to carbon and ionic fluoride. The surface oxygen-fluorine atom ratio was found to vary considerably among the various surfaces analyzed. Fluorocarbon films obtained from plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene contained a significant amount of trifluoromethyl and fluoro-methyl groups on the surface, indicating extensive monomer breakdown in the plas...
In Vivo, Deep Tissue Three-Photon Imaging at the 1700-nm Spectral Window

We demonstrate deep tissue three-photon microscopy at the new spectral window of 1700 nm. We imaged vasculature and RFP-tagged neurons up to 1 mm below the cortical surface, and RFP-tagged neurons below an unthinned skull.
A single amino acid substitution in PmrB is associated with polymyxin B resistance in clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major causative agent of hospital-acquired infections and infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Treatment of P. aeruginosa is complicated by the presence of intrinsic and acquired multidrug-resistant isolates. Polymyxin B has often been used as the last option to treat the multidrug-resistant isolates. However, polymyxin B-resistant clinical isolates have been increasingly reported worldwide. To understand molecular details of polymyxin resistance we characterized polymyxin B-resistant clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa. The clinical isolate grew with 4 microg mL(-1) of polymyxin B while a reference P. aeruginosa PAO1 grew with 0.25 microg mL(-1). Polymyxin B susceptibility was restored (minimal inhibitory concentration from 8 to 0.5 microg mL(-1)) by an intact clone of pmrAB, but not by an intact clone of phoPQ or the cloning vector. DNA sequence analysis of pmrB from the resistant isolate revealed a single nucleotide substitution (T to C) substituted methionine to threonine at position 292 of PmrB. Involvement of this amino acid substitution in polymyxin B resistance was confirmed by complementation of a pmrAB null-mutant strain with the pmrAB containing the amino acid substitution. These results suggest that amino acid substitution in PmrB is one mechanism of polymyxin B resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.
Smart textiles: evaluation of optical fibres as embedded sensors for structure health monitoring of fibre reinforced composites

Silica optical fibres (SOF) are established for the use of communicating digital data and numerous applications including structure health monitoring. However, SOFs exhibit drawbacks such as brittleness, low strain and signal attenuation due to bending. These drawbacks limit the use of SOF as embedded sensors for monitoring composite structures’ internal health. Unlike SOFs, the relatively newly developed polymer optical fibres (POF) do not possess such drawbacks and they are able to monitor the health of fibre-based composite structures. Bending in optical fibres is a major concern since this causes signal attenuation at bending points. Integrating optical fibres into a woven preform requires bending because of the crimping that occurs as a result of weave interlacing. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the macrobending of optical fibres on signal power integrity. The goal is to design optical fibre sensors embedded in woven preforms that have high sensitivity for monitorin...
Aminoacyl-RNA synthetase and transfer RNA binding activity during early mammalian brain development.

— Aminoacyl-RNA synthetase activity in mouse brain tissue was measured during the first few days after birth. Although the rate of protein synthesis rapidly diminished during this period, the activity of these specific enzymes was not reduced. In contrast, the binding of tyrosine and arginine was actually greater when the older enzyme preparations were employed. The ability of tRNA to bind amino acids during this critical stage of development was tested. Preparations of tRNA, isolated from 2-, 7-, 11- and 13-day-old, and adult brain tissue were employed with both young and old enzymes. No significant loss in binding activity was measured with these tRNA preparations.
Thermodilution Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction: Catheter Positioning Effects

Right ventricular (RV) ejection fractions have been difficult to estimate clinically. It has been demonstrated recently that RV ejection fractions can be calculated by thermodilution techniques using a rapid response thermistor and computer. This method critically depends on adequate mixing of the thermal bolus and sensing of the rapid response thermistor. This study examined the effects of the thermistor position within the pulmonary artery and injectate site within the right atrium on RV thermodilution ejection fraction measurements. Ten pigs were instrumented with a RV thermodilution catheter in the pulmonary artery, an injectate catheter in the right atrium, an atrialpacing electrode, and a systemic arterial catheter. The RV ejection fractions were determined using thermodilution in two ways: (1) with incremental increases in pulmonic valve to thermistor distance, and (2) with incremental increases in injectate port to tricuspid valve. These measurements were obtained at a paced rate of 107±1 beats per minute (bpm) and then repeated with pacing-induced tachycardia (140 bpm). The highest RV ejection fraction with the lowest coefficient of variation was with the thermistor 2 cm from the pulmonic valve (50±2 percent), with a significant decline from this value at 10 cm (42±4 percent, p
Studies on the evolution of elastin—II. Histology

Abstract 1. 1. Aortae and other tissues from a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates were sectioned and stained to reveal elastin fibers. The phylogenetic distribution of elastin deduced from these studies was in full accord with our previous findings based on chemical analysis. 2. 2. Elastin is present in all vertebrates except cyclostomes and is absent from invertebrates. 3. 3. Morphology and arrangement of elastin fibers showed striking differences among the vertebrate aortae.
Ejection time before and after aortic valve replacement

Abstract Transcutaneous recordings of carotid arterial tracings were made in 14 patients with aortic valvular stenosis, 5 with aortic insufficiency, and in 30 normal subjects. The presence of aortic valvular disease was confirmed by operation in all cases. The group with aortic valvular stenosis had marked abnormalities in the carotid tracing, the most important being the prolonged corrected ejection time. After aortic valvular replacement, the corrected ejection time decreased in all but 1 case. In addition, significant change occurred in the “u” time and “t” time in the postoperative tracings. In 5 patients with aortic insufficiency, the corrected ejection time decreased in all cases postoperatively. There were no remarkable changes in the “u” and the “t” time. We believe that this method provides a sensitive index of the hemodynamic improvement in patients subjected to aortic valvular replacement with a ball valve prosthesis. Its main advantages are its simplicity and utility as a nontraumatic, noninvasive approach to the study of ventricular function in patients with this condition. These measurements can be made repeatedly on the same patient as a simple office procedure without performing elaborate and costly cardiac catheterization procedures.
Menstrual Cycle Abnormalities Among Cosmetologists: The Reproductive Outcomes in Salon Employees (ROSE) Study

This study was conducted to examine whether cosmetologists of reproductive age are at increased risk of menstrual cycle abnormalities compared to women of the same age working in other occupations. Participants in the study (450 cosmetologists and 511 noncosmetologists) were recruited through mass mailing of questionnaires. To be included in the study, respondents to the survey had to be between 21 and 55 years of age and not have had a hysterectomy/oophorectomy. The main outcome measures included irregular menstrual cycle length and pain during menstrual period. The results showed no statistically significant associations between being a cosmetologist and having menstrual cycle abnormalities. The observed estimates did not differ when including and excluding women who had ever used oral contraceptives. Thus, the findings of the study suggest that cosmetologists are not at increased risk of menstrual cycle abnormalities. Further studies using detailed salon exposure and work task data in relation to menstrual cycle outcomes should be conducted.
Immigrants’ Relative Rate of Wage Growth in the Late 19th Century

Abstract Cross sections of workers’ wages and occupational status from the late 19th century suggest that the immigrants of the time, the “old immigrants” from northwestern Europe, experienced slower growth in wages and status than native-born Americans. This is the opposite of the pattern observed for most immigrant groups in the 20th century postwar period, and casts doubt on the models that have been used to explain the postwar pattern.
Efficient computation of the azimuth and elevation angles of the sources by using unitary matrix pencil method (2-D UMP)

In this study, we extended the 1-dimensional (1-D) unitary matrix pencil method to 2-dimensional case, where 2-D matrix pencil method are used to find the 2-D poles corresponding to the direction of arrival, azimuth and elevation angles, of the far field sources impinging on antenna arrays. This technique uses matrix pencil (MP) method to compute the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signals using a very efficient computational procedure in which the complexity of the computation can be reduced significantly by using a unitary matrix transformation. This method applies the technique directly to the data without forming a covariance matrix. Using real computations through the unitary transformation for the 2-D matrix pencil method leads to a very efficient computational methodology for real time implementation on a DSP chip. The numerical simulation results are provided to see the performance of the method. The simulation results show that for the low signal to noise ratio (SNR) cases the new 2-D unitary matrix pencil method outperforms the current 2-D MP method.
Heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass: a clinical case incorporating a standard cardiotomy

Heparin-less bypass systems are presently being used in the cardiothoracic surgery community. Their unique advantages include reduced utilization of heparin and its pharmacotoxic disadvantages, diminished utilization of protamine and its pharmacotoxicity, reduction in homologous blood utilization postbypass, moderation of the coagulation cascade, enhanced safety, and a remission in the thrombogenesis of the cardiopulmonary circuit. A clinical case is presented. Unique in this case was the incorporation of a standard cardiotomy. A change in performance characteristics for the oxygenator and postbypass coagulation profiles was also discovered.
Efficient self-healing group key distribution with revocation capability

This paper presents group key distribution techniques for large and dynamic groups over unreliable channels. The techniques proposed here are based on the self-healing key distribution methods (with revocation capability) recently developed by Staddon et al. [27]. By introducing a novel personal key distribution technique, this paper reduces (1) the communication overhead of personal key share distribution from O(t2log q) to O(tlogq), (2) the communication overhead of self-healing key distribution with t-revocation capability from O((mt2+tm)log q) to O(mtlog q), and (3) the storage overhead of the self-healing key distribution with $t$-revocation capability at each group member from O(m2log q) to O(mlogq), where $t$ is the maximum number of colluding group members, $m$ is the number of sessions, and $q$ is a prime number that is large enough to accommodate a cryptographic key. All these results are achieved without sacrificing the unconditional security of key distribution. In addition, this paper presents two techniques that allow trade-off between the broadcast size and the recoverability of lost session keys. These two methods further reduce the broadcast message size in situations where there are frequent but short-term disruptions of communication and where there are long-term but infrequent disruptions of communication, respectively.
Little-finger mass in a 29-year-old man.

A 29-year-old male patient presented with a slowly growing mass in his left little finger. Radiologic studies showed a soft tissue mass around the middle interphalangeal joint Trucut biopsy of the mass and a subsequent resection showed a neoplasm composed of inflammatory, myxoid, and hyalinized areas. Large atypical epithelioid cells with macronucleoli and abundant cytoplasm were seen against a background of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and sheets of eosinophils. The myxoid areas showed cords of cells in a loose background alternating with areas showing lipoblast-like cells. The variegated light microscopic appearance, coupled with the cytologic features of the atypical epithelioid cells, is key to the diagnosis of myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma. This entity must be considered whenever a myxoid or inflammatory mesenchymal lesion is encountered in the distal extremities.
Stability and performance of human-robot interaction

In the work presented, extenders are defined as a class of robot manipulators worn by humans to increase human mechanical strength, while the wearer's intellect remains the central control system for manipulating the extender. The human, in physical contact with the extender, exchanges power and information signals with the extender. The author gives a summary of the ongoing research work on human-machine interaction in the sense of the transfer of power and information signals. A single-degree-of-freedom extender has been built for theoretical and experimental verification of the extender dynamics and control. System performance is defined as amplification of human force. It is shown that the greater the required amplification, the smaller the stability range of the system is. A condition for stability of the closed-loop system (extender, human and environment) is derived, and, through both simulation and experimentation, the sufficiency of this condition is demonstrated. >
Loss of Autoregulation Produced by Cerebral Trauma

Recent studies [3, 5] have demonstrated that blunt, non-necrotizing injury to the exposed brain followed by arterial hypertension caused acute brain swelling. It was postulated that cerebral autoregulation had been abolished or diminished by the trauma and that the subsequent increase in arterial pressure was transmitted to the capillaries and veins producing a large hydrostatic gradient across the capillary membrane with resultant cerebral edema. The present experiments were undertaken in order to investigate the autoregulatory ability of the brain following mechanical trauma to the cerebral cortex.
Neutralino dark matter in minimal supergravity: Direct detection versus collider searches

We calculate expected event rates for direct detection of relic neutralinos as a function of parameter space of the minimal supergravity model. Numerical results are presented for the specific case of a ${}^{73}\mathrm{Ge}$ detector. We find significant detection rates $(Rg0.01\mathrm{e}\mathrm{v}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{k}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{d}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{y})$ in regions of parameter space most favored by constraints from $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{X}_{s}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and the cosmological relic density of neutralinos. The detection rates are especially large in regions of large $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta},$ where many conventional signals for supersymmetry at collider experiments are difficult to detect. If the parameter $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}$ is large, then there is a significant probability that the first direct evidence for supersymmetry could come from direct detection experiments, rather than from collider searches for sparticles.
Self-affirmation activates brain systems associated with self-related processing and reward and is reinforced by future orientation

Self-affirmation theory posits that people are motivated to maintain a positive self-view and that threats to perceived self-competence are met with resistance. When threatened, self-affirmations can restore self-competence by allowing individuals to reflect on sources of self-worth, such as core values. Many questions exist, however, about the underlying mechanisms associated with self-affirmation. We examined the neural mechanisms of self-affirmation with a task developed for use in a functional magnetic resonance imaging environment. Results of a region of interest analysis demonstrated that participants who were affirmed (compared with unaffirmed participants) showed increased activity in key regions of the brain's self-processing (medial prefrontal cortex + posterior cingulate cortex) and valuation (ventral striatum + ventral medial prefrontal cortex) systems when reflecting on future-oriented core values (compared with everyday activities). Furthermore, this neural activity went on to predict changes in sedentary behavior consistent with successful affirmation in response to a separate physical activity intervention. These results highlight neural processes associated with successful self-affirmation, and further suggest that key pathways may be amplified in conjunction with prospection.
Integrable two layer point vortex motion on the half plane

Abstract In this paper we derive the equations of motion for two-layer point vortex motion on the upper half plane. We study the invariants using symmetry, including the Hamiltonian and show that the two vortex problem is integrable. We characterize all two vortex motions for the cases where the vortex strengths are both equal, Γ 1 = Γ 2 = 1 and when they are opposite Γ 1 = Γ 2 = − 1 . We also prove that there are no equilibria for the two vortex problem when Γ 1 = Γ 2 = − 1 . We show that there is only one relative equilibrium configuration when Γ 1 = Γ 2 = 1 and the vortices are in different layers. We also make observations concerning the finite-time collapse of two vortices in the half plane. We then compare the regimes of motion for both cases (motion on the half plane) with the case of the two-layer vortex problem on the entire plane. We also study several classes of streamline topologies for two vortices in different layers. We conclude with a Hamiltonian study of integrable two-layer 3 vortex motion on the half plane by studying integrable symmetrical configurations and provide a rich class of new relative equilibria.
Real‐time ultrasound and pulsed doppler evaluation of the retroplacental clear area

The retroplacental clear area is a hypoechoic region at the placental-endometrial interface which is frequently demonstrated with high-resolution equipment. During pulsed Doppler examination of the retroplacental clear area, venous signals were obtained in 26 of 27 cases. This is strong evidence that this region is composed of dilated veins.
Flash-Aware High-Performance and Endurable Cache

Flash-based SSDs are widely used as storage caches, which can benefit from both the higher performance of SSDs and lower price of disks. Unfortunately, issues of reliability and limited lifetime limit the use of Flash-based cache. One way to solve this problem is to use the flash memory as read cache and use other devices like nonvolatile memory for write buffering. In this paper, we propose a new flash-aware read cache architecture, which leverages out-of-place update property of flash memory to improve both cache hit ratio and lifetime. Due to the out-ofplace update property, when a cache entry is evicted from the flash cache, the eviction only removes the metadata, while the real data is still accessible and resides in the physical flash page until the whole flash block being erased. The main idea of our flash-aware cache is to reuse these evicted but still available data, when a request for the previously evicted data arrives, instead of accessing underlying storage to fetch the data and rewriting it into flash cache, we just need to revive the evicted data. To evaluate the benefits of flash-aware cache design, we implemented the normal LRU and flash-aware LRU (FLRU) cache algorithms on the Disksim simulator with an SSD extension. Our simulation results demonstrate that our flash-aware cache can improve the cache hit ratio by up to 28% and alleviate the lifetime limitation of flash cache by reducing the erase count by up to 70%.
Volatility Diagrams for Silica, Silicon Nitride, and Silicon Carbide and Their Application to High‐Temperature Decomposition and Oxidation

Volatility diagrams—isothermal plots showing the partial pressures of two gaseous species in equilibrium with the several condensed phases possible in a system—are discussed for the Si-O and Si-N systems, and extended to the Si-N-O and Si-C-O systems, in which the important ceramic constituents SiO2, Si3N4, Si2N2O, and SiC appear as stable phases. Their use in understanding the passiveactive oxidation transitions for Si, Si3N4, and SiC are demonstrated.
Avian skin development and the evolutionary origin of feathers

The discovery of several dinosaurs with filamentous integumentary appendages of different morphologies has stimulated models for the evolutionary origin of feathers. In order to understand these models, knowledge of the development of the avian integument must be put into an evolutionary context. Thus, we present a review of avian scale and feather development, which summarizes the morphogenetic events involved, as well as the expression of the beta (beta) keratin multigene family that characterizes the epidermal appendages of reptiles and birds. First we review information on the evolution of the ectodermal epidermis and its beta (beta) keratins. Then we examine the morphogenesis of scutate scales and feathers including studies in which the extraembryonic ectoderm of the chorion is used to examine dermal induction. We also present studies on the scaleless (sc) mutant, and, because of the recent discovery of "four-winged" dinosaurs, we review earlier studies of a chicken strain, Silkie, that expresses ptilopody (pti), "feathered feet." We conclude that the ability of the ectodermal epidermis to generate discrete cell populations capable of forming functional structural elements consisting of specific members of the beta keratin multigene family was a plesiomorphic feature of the archosaurian ancestor of crocodilians and birds. Evidence suggests that the discrete epidermal lineages that make up the embryonic feather filament of extant birds are homologous with similar embryonic lineages of the developing scutate scales of birds and the scales of alligators. We believe that the early expression of conserved signaling modules in the embryonic skin of the avian ancestor led to the early morphogenesis of the embryonic feather filament, with its periderm, sheath, and barb ridge lineages forming the first protofeather. Invagination of the epidermis of the protofeather led to formation of the follicle providing for feather renewal and diversification. The observations that scale formation in birds involves an inhibition of feather formation coupled with observations on the feathered feet of the scaleless (High-line) and Silkie strains support the view that the ancestor of modern birds may have had feathered hind limbs similar to those recently discovered in nonavian dromaeosaurids. And finally, our recent observation on the bristles of the wild turkey beard raises the possibility that similar integumentary appendages may have adorned nonavian dinosaurs, and thus all filamentous integumentary appendages may not be homologous to modern feathers.
The Sleipnir library for computational functional genomics

Motivation: Biological data generation has accelerated to the point where hundreds or thousands of whole-genome datasets of various types are available for many model organisms. This wealth of data can lead to valuable biological insights when analyzed in an integrated manner, but the computational challenge of managing such large data collections is substantial. In order to mine these data efficiently, it is necessary to develop methods that use storage, memory and processing resources carefully. Results: The Sleipnir C++ library implements a variety of machine learning and data manipulation algorithms with a focus on heterogeneous data integration and efficiency for very large biological data collections. Sleipnir allows microarray processing, functional ontology mining, clustering, Bayesian learning and inference and support vector machine tasks to be performed for heterogeneous data on scales not previously practical. In addition to the library, which can easily be integrated into new computational systems, prebuilt tools are provided to perform a variety of common tasks. Many tools are multithreaded for parallelization in desktop or high-throughput computing environments, and most tasks can be performed in minutes for hundreds of datasets using a standard personal computer. Availability: Source code (C++) and documentation are available at http://function.princeton.edu/sleipnir and compiled binaries are available from the authors on request. Contact: [email protected]
A waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) biotype with multiple resistance across three herbicide sites of action

Abstract A population of waterhemp was identified in Adams County, Illinois, that survived treatment of several acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors and a postemergence (POST) application of lactofen, a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)–inhibiting herbicide. Greenhouse studies were conducted to quantify the responses of this waterhemp population, designated ACR, to multiple PPO inhibitors and various other herbicides with different sites of action. Resistance ratios were obtained by comparing herbicide dose–response curves between the ACR population and a herbicide-susceptible waterhemp population. The ACR population was resistant to lactofen (23-fold) and to five other PPO-inhibiting herbicides (ranging from 2.2- to 6.2-fold). Furthermore, the ACR waterhemp population was 17,000-fold and 18,000-fold resistant to imazamox and thifensulfuron, respectively, two ALS-inhibiting herbicides. In response to atrazine, a Photosystem II inhibitor, the ACR population was 38-fold resistant. Plants within the ACR wat...
Polynomial Calculus: Rethinking the Role of Calculus in High Schools.

Access to advanced study in mathematics, in general, and to calculus, in particular, depends in part on the conceptual architecture of these knowledge domains. In this paper, we outline an alternative conceptual architecture for elementary calculus. Our general strategy is to separate basic concepts from the particular advanced techniques used in their definition and exposition. We develop the beginning concepts of differential and integral calculus using only concepts and skills found in secondary algebra and geometry. It is our underlining objective to strengthen students' knowledge of these topics in an effort to prepare them for advanced mathematics study. The purpose of this reconstruction is not to alter the teaching of limit-based calculus but rather to affect students' learning and understanding of mathematics in general by introducing key concepts during secondary mathematics courses. This approach holds the promise of strengthening more students' understanding of limit-based calculus and enhanci...
White phasematching noise: Random duty-cycle errors in quasi-phase-matching devices

Random duty-cycle errors in quasi-phase-matching gratings result in a phasematching pedestal, enhancing the efficiency of non-phasematched parasitic processes and thereby limiting device performance in many applications. We find good agreement between analytical modeling and experiments.
Utopia e distopia em nossos tempos

O texto foi entregue como discurso da autora na aceitacao do Premio Ernst Bloch no Ernst Bloch Zentrum em Ludwigshafen, Alemanha, em 25 de setembro de 2009. Traduzido da versao em ingles, publicado como capitulo 10 do livro Dignity in adversity: human rights in troubled times (Cambridge: Polity, 2011). Palavras-chave: Utopia; Distopia; Direitos Naturais Abstract The text was delivered as Ernst Bloch Prize winner speech in the Ernst Bloch Zentrum in Ludwigshafen, Germany, on September 25, 2009. Translated from the English version, published as Chapter 10 of the book Dignity in adversity: human rights in troubled times (Cambridge: Polity, 2011). Keywords: Utopia; Distopia; Natural Rights Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE
Taxes, Subsidies, and Executive Compensation

Recent studies assert that corporations receive a government subsidy by being allowed ordinary business expense deductions for payments of performance-based executive compensation. There is no subsidy, however, because the compensation payments do not receive any preferential tax treatment. The payments are treated in the same manner as nearly all other forms of employee compensation.
Optimizing in vitro mineral nutrition and plant density increases greenhouse growth of Curcuma longa L. during acclimatization

The growth of plantlets during hardening is affected by the tissue culture media in which they were grown. A multi-factor approach to optimizing nutrient ions in media for subsequent ex vitro growth has not been studied. A response surface method was designed to test in vitro plant density (50–250 buds/L), \({\text{PO}}_{4}^{3 - }\) (6.25–10.25 mM), Ca2+ (2–10 mM), and KNO3 (18–100 mM) in low \({\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }\) on medium as it affected subsequent growth in a 21 days acclimatization period with Curcuma longa genotypes (L35-1 and L22-5). The treatment media were compared with the MS medium. Plants grown on treatment media had higher relative fresh biomass (3.3 ± 0.5 fold from high-density with 42 mM KNO3; 3.7 ± 0.5 fold from low-density with 18 mM KNO3) than MS plants (2.6 ± 0.5 fold) regardless of plant density. Leaf area index from the treatments (67.0 ± 16.4 cm2/bud from high-density with 70.4 mM KNO3; 78.4 ± 16.4 cm2/bud from low-density with 50.7 mM KNO3) was higher than MS plants (22.0 ± 8 cm2/bud from high-density and 36.0 ± 8 cm2/bud from low-density). Shoots from treatment plants receiving 64 mM KNO3, elongated to 8.6 ± 0.9 cm from high-density and 10.9 ± 0.9 cm from low-density. Genotype L22-5 elongated to 6.0 ± 0.6 cm regardless of density, and L35-1 elongated to 6.0 ± 0.6 cm from low-density and to 4.0 ± 0.6 cm from high-density. Raising phosphate 5× to 10× the MS concentration in the pre-hardening media did not influence ex vitro responses. Plants grown on modified low ammonium media can grow faster and larger during acclimatization with increased KNO3, especially from high-density culture that would be preferred in commercial applications.
On some points in Mallet's theory of vulcanicity

(1874). VI. On some points in Mallet's theory of vulcanicity. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 48, No. 315, pp. 41-53.