cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 558: Bortezomib induction of the unfolded protein response mediates Epstein-Barr virus lytic activation but is separable from bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with many human cancers. Several therapeutic strategies involving the pharmacologic activation of the EBV lytic cycle for tumor killing have been described (1-2). We previously identified bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, as a potent activator of EBV lytic gene expression. The mechanism of action of bortezomib as either a viral lytic activator or an anticancer drug remains poorly understood. However, induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) has emerged as a central theme in both areas of investigation (3). In order to further evaluate the role of the UPR in lytic activation, we treated lymphoid and epithelial tumor cell lines with bortezomib and assessed induction of the UPR and EBV lytic gene expression. We found dose-dependent parallel induction of UPR and EBV lytic infection across cell lines. However, an EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell line was relatively resistant to both bortezomib-induced UPR and induction of EBV lytic gene expression, but not resistant to bortezomib-induced cell killing. To further investigate, we assessed induction of the UPR by thapsigargin which leads to depletion of Ca 2+ in the ER. Thapsigargin induced the UPR and EBV lytic gene expression across all the cell lines tested. Blocking ER stress and UPR activation, by cycloheximide treatment or by BiP knockdown, diminished EBV lytic gene expression but had no effect on cellular toxicity. Additionally, regulated knockdown of UPR associated transcription factors (XBP1(s), c-Jun) blocked lytic activation by both agents. Taken together, these results suggest that induction of the UPR by bortezomib is tightly linked to EBV lytic activation but may be separable from the cytotoxic effects of bortezomib. References: 1. Fu DX, Tanhehco Y, Chen J, Foss CA, Fox JJ, Chong JM, Hobbs RF, Fukayama M, Sgouros G, Kowalski J, Pomper MG, Ambinder RF. Bortezomib-induced enzyme-targeted radiation therapy in herpesvirus-associated tumors. Nat Med. 2008; 14(10):1118-22. 2. Feng WH, Hong G, Delecluse HJ, Kenney SC. Lytic induction therapy for Epstein-Barr virus-positive B-cell lymphomas. J Virol. 2004; 78(4):1893-902. 3. Shirley CM, Chen J, Shamay M, Li H, Zahnow CA, Hayward SD, Ambinder RF. Bortezomib induction of C/EBPα mediates Epstein-Barr virus lytic activation in Burkitt lymphoma. Blood. 2011; 117(23):6297-303. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 558. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-558
Stability and bistability in a one‐dimensional model of coastal foredune height

On sandy coastlines, foredunes provide protection from coastal storms, potentially sheltering low areas—including human habitat—from elevated water level and wave erosion. In this contribution we develop and explore a one-dimensional model for coastal dune height based on an impulsive differential equation. In the model, coastal foredunes continuously grow in a logistic manner as the result of a biophysical feedback and they are destroyed by recurrent storm events that are discrete in time. Modeled dunes can be in one of two states: a high “resistant-dune” state or a low “overwash-flat” state. The number of stable states (equilibrium dune heights) depends on the value of two parameters, the nondimensional storm frequency (the ratio of storm frequency to the intrinsic growth rate of dunes) and nondimensional storm magnitude (the ratio of total water level during storms to the maximum theoretical dune height). Three regions of phase space exist (1) when nondimensional storm frequency is small, a single high resistant-dune attracting state exists; (2) when both the nondimensional storm frequency and magnitude are large, there is a single overwash-flat attracting state; (3) within a defined region of phase space model dunes exhibit bistable behavior—both the resistant-dune and the low overwash-flat states are stable. Comparisons to observational studies suggest that there is evidence for each state to exist independently, the coexistence of both states (i.e., segments of barrier islands consisting of overwash-flats and segments of islands having large dunes that resist erosion by storms), as well as transitions between states.
Effect of ganoderma lucidum spore on immunoregulation of immunosuppression mice

Objective:To explore the effects of ganoderma lucidum spore on the immunity of the immunosupp ressionmice with glucocorticiods(GC).Methods:Different dosages of ganoderma lucidum spore were intragastriced to the immunosupp ressionmice with glucocorticiods,and the weight of the immune organs and the phagocytic function of the macrophages and neutrophile,the expression in of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD49b+ and CD19+ in the blood cellwere measured;And the total complement activity,the content of the cytokine and the valence of hemolysin in the mice serum were detected.Results:The immune function of the GC immunosupp ression mice were remarkable effected with ganoderma lucidum spore,it could significantly increase the index of the thymus and sp leen,imp rove the valence of hemolysin and the phagocytic function of the macrophages and neutrophile of the mice.The total comp lement activity,the content of the cytokine in serum,and the quantity of T,B and NK cell in the mice blood were influenced by ganoderma lucidum spore.Conclusion:The results show that ganoderma lucidum spore remarkable effect on the immunity of the immunosupp ression mice with GC,and it can promote accommodation the immune function ofmouse.
Cortical amyloid burden and age moderate hippocampal activity in cognitively-normal adults

Neurodegeneration in the medial temporal lobe, particularly in the hippocampus, is viewed as the primary source of AD-related memory deficits. Yet, in the earliest preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques deposit primarily in the neocortex, not in the medial temporal lobe. Tau tangles, however, do often aggregate in the medial temporal lobe in parallel with amyloid deposition in the neocortex in AD. In the present study, we focused on the relationship between cortical amyloid deposition and hippocampal activity during a memory-encoding task in a sample of cognitively-normal elderly aged 60–89. We hypothesized that age would moderate the Aβ effect on hippocampal activity, and could explain some of the mixed findings in the literature. We report that high cortical Aβ load was associated with lower task-related hippocampal activity during memory encoding. Importantly, this relationship was found more evident in the younger elderly, even after controlling for subsequent recognition memory of the in-scanner task and a general episodic memory construct score. Furthermore, regional cerebrovascular reactivity measured in a subset of participants showed little role in modifying the age-dependent Aβ effect on hippocampal activity. Our findings support the idea that age is an important variable in understanding hippocampal function in preclinical AD.
The Center for Youth Wellness: A Community-Based Approach to Holistic Health Care in San Francisco

Chronic stress and trauma have significant implications for the development and health of children and youth in the United States. Resulting from exposure to violence, societal forces such as poverty, experiencing structural racism, and historical trauma, among others, this complex issue requires a multifaceted approach. This narrative chronicles the convening of multiple academic and community stakeholders in San Francisco to create a trauma-informed system of care by collocating three organizations to address the adversity that children and youth living in poverty face daily. The resulting model offers pediatric services, short- and long-term mental health programming, policy and health education, and high-quality referrals to other local service providers for needs such as housing or legal assistance. Additionally, the organization conducts research and evaluation to inform both its own practice and state and national policy around toxic stress and Adverse Childhood Experiences. The partnership-building process, lessons learned, and future recommendations for practitioners are discussed.
Modeling Nonlinear Adsorption with a Single Chemical Parameter: Predicting Chemical Median Langmuir Binding Constants.

Procedures for accurately predicting linear partition coefficients onto various sorbents (e.g., organic carbon, soils, clay) are reliable and well established. However, similar procedures for the prediction of sorption parameters of nonlinear isotherm models are not. The purpose of this paper is to present a procedure for predicting nonlinear isotherm parameters, specifically the median Langmuir binding constants, KL, obtained utilizing the single-chemical parameter log-normal Langmuir isotherm developed in the accompanying work. A reduced poly parameter linear free energy relationship (pp-LFER) is able to predict median Langmuir binding constants for graphite, charcoal, and Darco granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption data. For the larger F400 GAC data set, a single pp-LFER model was insufficient, as a plateau is observed for the median Langmuir binding constants of larger molecular volume sorbates. This volumetric cutoff occurs in proximity to the median pore diameter for F400 GAC. A log-linear rel...
Effect of low soil pH from different fertilisers on performance of apple and pear trees

Many orchard soils in northcentral Washington have approximately neutral pH. Years of applying fertilisers to fruit trees in this area have resulted in unacceptably low pH values of the soil requiring lime to correct it. In the experimental apple orchard, soil pH values ranged from 4.1 to 6.9 at the end of the fifth year of fertilizer application. Increased fruit size and improved red coloration of ‘Red Delicious’ apple skin was related to higher soil pH values. Both of these attributes are important for high quality fruit. In the pear orchard, soil pH values ranged from 3.9 to 5.6. Neither apple nor pear growth nor fruit production was related to soil pH values in these two orchards. However, tree vigour and yield of apple trees tended to be higher at soil pH values of approximately 5.6 and 6.3, respectively.
Evaluating the impact of ecosystem service assessments on decision-makers

Abstract Ecosystem services support human livelihoods and economies but are declining in many places. Ecosystem service assessments estimate the benefits that nature provides to people and can be used to evaluate trade-offs in impacts and changes resulting from land use decisions. Such assessments can affect the capacity of decision-makers to make sustainable land use decisions, but the actual impact of such projects on decision-maker attitudes is almost entirely unstudied. We addressed this knowledge gap by evaluating the impact of an ecosystem service assessment on decision-makers in California. We asked how decision-makers’ understanding of and attitudes about ecosystem services changed “pre-” and “post-” assessments and between treatment groups where ecosystem services were assessed and a comparison group where ecosystem services were not assessed. Mixed methods included regression models to estimate the treatment effect of the assessment (using a difference-in-differences approach), as well as interviews and direct observations to further understand how decision-makers responded to the assessment. Regression results showed small increases relative to the comparison group in decision-maker understanding of ecosystem services and perceived relevance of ecosystem services to their work. Interviews confirmed that decision-makers learned specific ways that they could use ecosystem services in conservation and development decisions and believed that doing so would improve outcomes. These results demonstrate how ecosystem services assessments can facilitate a conceptual shift in the minds of decision-makers, which is a necessary ingredient for subsequent policy impact. Impact evaluation studies of this type − that estimate a counterfactual and explore rival explanations for observed outcomes − are needed to truly understand whether ecosystem service projects impact decision-makers and, ultimately, produce outcomes for environmental and human well-being.
Growth of Longitudinal Strands of Phoradendron juniperinum (Viscaceae) in Shoots of Juniperus occidentalism

To quantify the development of the mistletoe Phoradendron juniperinum within the branches of its host, Juniperus occidentalis, the growth of longitudinal (cortical) strands was measured. To begin, infections were classified positionally as either lateral (attached along sides of branches) or pseudoterminal (secondarily occurring at ends of branches). For both infection types five shoot dry weight classes were established, allowing comparisons, of growth of longitudinal strands to shoot dry weight. For lateral infections of all weight classes longitudinal strands showed greater basipetal than acropetal growth. In early stages of seedling establishement endophytic system spread is emphasized over shoot growth while in older plants shoot growth is emphasized; this feature is reflected in the dramatic decrease in spread/weight values over time. Comparisons between lateral and pseudoterminal infections of all weight classes revealed that lateral infections extend greater distances within host bark. Absorptive efficiency values were calculated. The determination of spread/weight and absorptive efficiency values represents a novel approach to endophytic system study that has applicability in physiological and ecological studies as well as in mistletoe-control methods
Abstract 2580: Optimizing cervical cancer screening for HIV-infected women: A risk-based approach

Background: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) have increased cervical cancer risk. Guidelines suggest screening WLHIV with negative cervical cytology annually, and managing WLHIV with ASC-US cytology by general population (GP) guidelines (1 year return if HPV testing unavailable). Methods: We used risk benchmarking to compare cervical precancer risk in WLHIV to the GP. For WLHIV ages 21-65 years in the Women9s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), we evaluated the first cytology result from 2000 or later. We used parametric survival models to calculate HSIL risks after negative or ASC-US cytology, overall and by CD4 cell count. Separately, we synthesized HSIL risk estimates among GP women in 13 published studies using mixed-effects models. We then benchmarked risks in WLHIV to the 3-year GP risks, which for negative cytology represent the threshold for re-screening. Results: Among 2,653 WLHIV, 1,982 (75%) had negative cytology and 377 (14%) had ASC-US cytology. Most WLHIV with negative (72%) and ASC-US (52%) cytology had CD4≥350 cells/μL. We observed 95 cases of HSIL (CIN2+; 44 were CIN3+ including 1 cancer) within 5 years of cytology. After negative cytology, 3-year GP risk “benchmarks” were 0.83% (CIN2+) and 0.60% (CIN3+). WLHIV with CD4≥350 met both benchmarks by 2 years (1.1% and 0.68% respectively), while WLHIV with CD4 Conclusions: For WLHIV with CD4≥350, these data suggest that the interval for re-screening after negative cervical cytology can be lengthened from 1 to 2 years, and that inclusion in GP guidelines for managing ASC-US cytology is appropriate. In contrast, WLHIV with CD4<350 remain at increased risk and should be screened annually after negative cervical cytology and referred to colposcopy after ASC-US. Citation Format: Hilary A. Robbins, L. Stewart Massad, Christopher B. Pierce, Lisa Flowers, Teresa M. Darragh, Howard Minkoff, Lisa Rahangdale, Marla J. Keller, Joel Milam, Margaret Fischl, Sadeep Shrestha, Christine Colie, Howard Strickler, Gypsyamber D’Souza. Optimizing cervical cancer screening for HIV-infected women: A risk-based approach. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2580.
NCT with Several Agents

Several protocols are being followed presently to demonstrate the effectiveness of BNCT for treating brain tumors. In these, a compound containing B is injected into the patient and the B selectively collects in the tumor prior to neutron irradiation. For deep brain tumors, when the dose to healthy brain is taken to a maximum limit of tolerance = 12.5 Gy-Eq, the dose to the tumor at the midline of the head may be marginal for sterilizing all cancerous cells. Sometimes, injecting more of the same B compound to increase the dose to the tumor is not practical. The present study considers injecting a second, but different, compound with a different agent which targets the tumor.1 Here, agents means different elements and not several compounds containing B.
The Historical Significance of the Cambridge Genizah Inventory Project

The Cambridge Inventory Project, sponsored by the Friedberg Genizah Project and carried out by a number of researchers at the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Research Unit, was the first attempt to provide accurate information regarding the size and classification of the more than 193,000 Genizah manuscript fragments held at Cambridge University Library. Prior to this project, no authoritative list of valid shelf marks was available, nor was it known how many fragments were classified under any one shelf mark. The provision of such data and the creation of a searchable database were essential for the planning and implementation of a future digitization project. This article not only describes the ensuing Inventory Project, it also uses the project's findings, together with additional information in previously unseen archives, to provide a new history of how these collections were formed over time.
A Decision‐Making Model for Addressing Problematic Behaviors in Counseling Students

Gatekeeping is the subject of continued discourse in the counseling profession. With revisions to the ACA Code of Ethics (American Counseling Association, 2014), recent litigation (Keeton v. Anderson-Wiley, 2010; Ward v. Wilbanks, 2009), and focused attention on value conflicts in counseling (Francis & Dugger, 2014), counselor educators' role as gatekeepers is expanding. In addition to this expanding role, counselor educators are responsible for being culturally and developmentally sensitive in interpreting, applying, and enforcing the codes and standards with counseling students. This article proposes a decision-making model that integrates feminist, multicultural, systems theory, and social-constructivist ethical decision-making principles to address problematic behaviors in counseling students.
Operations on Measures

This chapter deals with products and images of measures, signed measures, distributions of measurable functions and maps, convolution, and interpolation.
The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA): A Guide to a Good Qualitative Research Approach

As a research methodology, qualitative research method infuses an added advantage to the exploratory capability that researchers need to explore and investigate their research studies. Qualitative methodology allows researchers to advance and apply their interpersonal and subjectivity skills to their research exploratory processes. However, in a study with an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach, the advantageous elements of the study quadruple because of the bonding relationship that the approach allows for the researchers to develop with their research participants. Furthermore, as a qualitative research approach, IPA gives researchers the best opportunity to understand the innermost deliberation of the ‘lived experiences’ of research participants. As an approach that is ‘participant-oriented’, interpretative phenomenological analysis approach allows the interviewees (research participants) to express themselves and their ‘lived experience’ stories the way they see fit without any distortion and/or prosecution. Therefore, utilizing the IPA approach in a qualitative research study reiterates the fact that its main objective and essence are to explore the ‘lived experiences’ of the research participants and allow them to narrate the research findings through their ‘lived experiences’. As such, this paper discusses the historical background of phenomenology as both a theory and a qualitative research approach, an approach that has transitioned into an interpretative analytical tradition. Furthermore, as a resource tool to novice qualitative researchers, this paper provides a step-by-step comprehensive guide to help prepare and equip researchers with ways to utilize and apply the IPA approach in their qualitative research studies. More importantly, this paper also provides an advanced in-depth analysis and usability application for the IPA approach in a qualitatively conducted research study. As such, this paper completely contrasted itself from many books and articles that are written with the premise of providing useful and in-depth information on the subject-matter (phenomenology, as a qualitative approach).
Abstract 5273: Detection of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps in African Americans

Introduction: The majority of colorectal cancers (CRCs) develop through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, while 15-20% develop via the serrated pathway. Sessile Serrated Adenoma/Polyps (SSA/P) are more difficult to detect during colonoscopy and generally require a shorter time follow-up than other lesions (3 vs. 5 years). These polyps lead to cancer faster than conventional adenomas. In order to better define patients at risk for these lesions, we performed a retrospective study to evaluate clinicopathological features of patients diagnosed with SSA/P. Methods: We reviewed pathology reports of patients at Howard University Hospital from 2010-2015. We identified 5,900 patients with colorectal lesions, of whom 312 (5.3%) were diagnosed with SSA/P. We analyzed the specific clinical, pathological and demographic features of patients with SSA/P lesions. Results: We identified 312 cases with SSA/P. The incidence of SSA/P over the 5 years period was 5.3%: 198/312 (63.4%) patients had 2 or more polyps, 54.5% of the SSA/P patients were females, 70.5% of patients were 50-64 years of age and 18% were older than 65. SSA/P lesions’ locations were as follows: rectal: 32.1%; rectosigmoid: 18.6%; sigmoid: 16.8%; Ascending Colon: 13.2 % and Descending Colon: 7.1%. Reasons for colonoscopy were as follows: Screening: 43.6 %; GI bleeding: 15.1%; Abdominal Pain: 13.1%and Change in Bowel Habits: 10.2%. Conclusion: Our results show that there is a slightly increased predominance of SSA/P occurrence in females. Most SSA/P occurred in patients 50 to 64 years old. This age range is younger in comparison to patients with conventional adenomas. SSA/Ps were predominantly distal (rectal, rectosigmoid, sigmoid) whereas previous literature reports a proximal location. Most patients in our study were diagnosed in screening colonoscopies; however, other patients presented with symptoms such as GI bleeding, abdominal pain, or change in bowel habits. Citation Format: Nazli Atefi, Sanmet Singh, Babak Shokrani, Edward Lee, Ali Afsari, Mehdi Nouraie, Adeyinka Laiyemo, Joseph Mathews, Carla Williams, Hassan Brim, Hassan Ashktorab. Detection of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps in African Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5273. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5273
Development of Cotesia orobenae Forbes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in its Host, Evergestis rimosalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Temperature and host density effects on the development of Cotesia orobenae Forbes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and its parasitism of the cross-striped cabbageworm, Evergestis rimosalis (Guenee) (Lep...
Reduced order multi-rate LQR controllers for a MVDC shipboard electric distribution system with constant power loads

US Navy investment in future warships is focused on DC integrated power systems (IPS). A naval DC IPS will include multiple power generation devices, energy storage devices, and layered power converters. Power converters coupled to high-bandwidth regulators exhibit constant power load (CPL) behavior. CPLs exhibit negative non-linear impedance which reduce stability margins and limit the efficacy of linear control methods. Incorporating megawatt level pulsed loads, such as laser weapons or railguns, challenges the limits of linear control methods. A recently introduced control scheme, Adaptive Select-Matrix LQR (LQR-SM), is a flexible and adaptable centralized control approach to multi-input, multi-rate, high order systems. This paper presents a comparative study of LQR-SM controller performance in a naval medium-voltage DC shipboard electric distribution system with CPLs. The four configurations studied are a full-order adaptive LQR-SM controller, two adaptive reduced-order controllers, and a non-adaptive full order controller. The controllers are compared on the basis of quality of regulation, size of region of attraction (ROA), computation load, and stored-energy efficiency.
SEGMENTAL ARTERIAL MEDIOLYSIS: A COMMON MISDIAGNOSIS AND UNDER-RECOGNIZED PHENOMENON

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a secondary plant metabolite produced in vegetables of the Brassica genus, including cabbage, cauliflower, and brussels sprouts. I3C is both an anti-initiator and a promoter of carcinogenesis. Consumption of I3C by humans and rodents can lead to marked increases in activities of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases and in a variety of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. We have reported previously that the enzyme-inducing activity of I3C is mediated through a mechanism requiring exposure of the compound to the low-pH environment of the stomach. We report here the aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness-receptor Kd values (22 nM-90 nM), determined with C57BL/6J mouse liver cytosol and the in vitro- and in vivo-molar yields (0.1-6%) of the major acid condensation products of I3C. We also show that indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ) is produced from I3C in yields on the order of 0.01% in vitro and, after oral intubation, in vivo. ICZ has a Kd of 190 pM for aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness-receptor binding and an EC50 of 269 nM for induction of cytochrome P4501A1, as measured by ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity in murine hepatoma Hepa 1c1c7 cells. The binding affinity of ICZ is only a factor of 3.7 x 10(-2) lower than that of the highly toxic environmental contaminant and cancer promoter 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. ICZ and related condensation products appear responsible for the enzyme-inducing effects of dietary I3C.
The battle of the socials: Which socially symbolic factors best predict intent to travel?

Abstract Tourists are flooded with travel options making competition fierce within their consideration sets. While most research emphasizes the functional attributes of destinations, as narcissism becomes more normalized, it is of increasing interest to examine the influence socially symbolic factors have on tourist decision making. Therefore, this study sought to examine the efficacy of four different socially symbolic predictors of travel—social norms, social self-concept (actual and ideal), and social return—for predicting a person's likelihood to travel to Cuba across three time horizons (1 year, 5 years, and 10 years). Results from a panel of 785 U.S. travelers found social norms to be the best predictor of travel across all three time horizons with social return also being significant across all time horizons. Implications to destination marketing are discussed such as some socially symbolic variables being easier to operationalize in marketing campaigns compared to others (e.g. social return vs. social norms).
Behavior Change Theory and Design: Translational Science Steps and Gaps

Translational Science is the study of the process to turn scientific findings into practical applications. Due to technological and methodological advances, there has been an increase in scientific knowledge output, as well as an expectation by industry, governments, and the public that scientific knowledge should be 'useful'. These aspects could challenge common modes of knowledge dissemination. In my dissertation work, I investigate knowledge dissemination strategies of design-related communities, exploring the complex relationships between inquiry and design. I also design interventions to facilitate dissemination, focusing on the translation and application of behavior change theories into the design of technologies.
Superficial angiomyxoma presenting as a groin hernia in a male toddler.

Angiomyxomas are a group of relatively rare mesenchymal myxoid tumors. There are three types : superficial angiomyxoma, aggressive angiomyxoma, and angiomyofibroblastoma. These tumors have a predilection for occurring in the perineum of middle aged females. The youngest reported case was in a 4-year-old female. The youngest male patient was 8 years old. This report presents a case of a 2-year-old male with a groin superficial angiomyxoma mimicking an inguinal hernia. Wide local excision was performed without recurrence at 3-month follow-up. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of this group of tumors are discussed.
The effect of lithium upon granulocyte production in vitro and in vivo in the mouse.

Following the institution of lithium therapy in the management of manic states, observers noted that leukocytosis and neutrophilia frequently occurred (Risetto and Gassano, 1952; Mayfield and Brown, 1966; O’Connell, 1970; Murphy and Goodwin, 1971; Shopsin and Friedman, 1971). In 1973, Tisman et al. postulated that the neutrophilia was due to an increase in the total blood granulocyte pool and also demonstrated augmentation of granulocyte proliferation in vitro (Tisman et al., 1973). In 1975, it was demonstrated that lithium enhanced colony stimulating activity (CSA) production in mice (Harker et al., 1975), and humans (Joyce and Chervenick, 1975), suggesting that this CSA alteration had a mechanistic role in vivo. In the present study, we have examined the action of lithium upon murine granulocytopoiesis in vivo and in vitro in order to: 1) further define the action of lithium upon CSA production by lung, adherent peritoneal cells, and marrow; 2) to examine the direct effect of lithium upon the proliferation of colony forming cells (CFC) or their progeny; and 3) to test the hypothesis that lithium stimulation of CSA production is due to modulation of cellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels.
Abdomen and Pelvis Imaging in Iraq

The majority of the injuries during the time I was in Iraq were blast and ballistic injuries; this was especially true for the abdomen and pelvis due to lack of body armor in these regions. Like any other trauma center, the pelvis AP X-ray was second only to the CXR. The plain X-rays of the abdomen and pelvis were often used as a survey of retained blast fragments and major fractures.
Evidence-based update on the surgical treatment of pediatric tibial shaft fractures.

Purpose of review To describe surgical treatment options for pediatric tibial shaft fractures which are the third most common pediatric long bone fracture. Management of these injuries is dictated by fracture location, fracture pattern, associated injuries, skeletal maturity, and other patient-specific factors. Although most pediatric tibial shaft fractures can be treated nonoperatively, this review provides an update on surgical treatment options when operative intervention is indicated. Recent findings Advances in surgical implants and techniques affords a wide range of options for the surgical treatment of pediatric tibial shaft fractures. Flexible intramedullary nailing is gaining wide adoption for acute surgical treatment. Recent studies support cross-sectional imaging for further evaluation and scrutiny of fracture patterns suspicious for intraphyseal or intra-articular extension. Grade I open tibial shaft fractures may be safely treated with irrigation and debridement in the emergency department; however, no high-level comparative studies have been performed to make any definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness of this treatment strategy. Summary Tibial shaft fractures are common injuries in pediatric patients. Management is dictated by fracture location, fracture pattern, associated injuries, patient age, and other patient-specific factors. Surgical intervention is indicated for fractures that are open, irreducible, have failed nonoperative management, are associated with compartment syndrome, or in the multiply injured patient. Surgical treatment options include flexible intramedullary nailing, plate osteosynthesis, external fixation, and rigid intramedullary nailing. Recent literature has shown increased rates of flexible intramedullary nailing. All operative and nonoperative management options can result in complications including compartment syndrome, infection, delayed union, nonunion, malunion, limb length discrepancy, and symptomatic hardware. Most pediatric patients go on to uneventful union with excellent final outcomes and return to full activities.
Using solar availability factors to adjust cool-wall energy savings for shading and reflection by neighboring buildings

Abstract The extent to which a solar-reflective “cool” wall can reduce a building’s cooling load in summer or increase its heating load in winter scales with the wall’s incident solar radiation, or solar availability. We assess how the solar availability at the wall of a central (modeled) building is affected by a neighboring wall across an urban canyon by calculating the central wall’s solar availability factor (SAF), defined as the ratio of sunlight incident on the central wall in the presence of the neighboring wall to that incident in the absence of the neighboring wall. Cool-wall heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) energy savings simulated for an isolated central building (no neighbors) can be multiplied by SAFs to account for interactions with neighboring walls. Monthly values of SAF were evaluated in 17 climates across the United States, including three in California, for north, east, south, and west central walls, over a wide range of canyon aspect ratio (height/width). Results for four representative aspect ratios—0.2, 1, 2, and 10—are presented. In Fresno, CA, monthly SAF ranges from 0.90 to 0.96 for central walls facing north, east, south, or west when the aspect ratio is 0.2 (two-story single-family homes across a street) and both the central and neighboring walls are conventional (albedo 0.25). Monthly SAFs decrease as aspect ratio rises, falling to 0.06–0.24 at an aspect ratio of 10 (adjacent 10-story buildings on the same side of the street). An example worked for a two-story single-family home in Fresno on the west side of a residential street yields SAFs of 0.47 (north), 0.92 (east), 0.50 (south), and 0.63 (west) to apply to the cool-wall annual HVAC energy savings computed for an isolated central building. Shading and reflection reduce the home’s annual HVAC energy cost savings by 31%.
Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Nitrogen–Fluorine Halogen Bonding in Silver-Initiated Radical Fluorinations

We report experimental and computational evidence for nitrogen–fluorine halogen bonding in Ag(I)-initiated radical C–H fluorinations. Simple pyridines form [N–F–N]+ halogen bonds with Selectfluor t...
Impact of Dependent Coverage Insurance Expansion on Early Testicular Cancer Diagnosis

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:In 2010, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) dependent coverage expansion (DCE) took effect, allowing 19-25 year olds to remain on their parent's health insurance and potentia...
Persistence, Competition, and Evolution

In this chapter we discuss some reaction–diffusion models for single and multiple populations in spatially heterogeneous environments and advective environments. Our goal is to illustrate some interesting, and perhaps surprising, effects of spatial heterogeneity and diffusion on the population dynamics. Specific topics include the logistic model, linear eigenvalue problem with indefinite weight, Lotka–Volterra competition models, reaction–diffusion models in advective environments, and the evolution of dispersal. We will introduce some basic tools for reaction–diffusion equations such as the super-sub solution method, the variational principle for principal eigenvalues, Lyapunov functionals, comparison principles for parabolic equations and systems, etc. Some recent developments will be discussed. In addition, problems with various difficulties ranging from elementary exercises to open research questions will be presented.
Incremental validity of the career adapt-abilities scale total score over general self-efficacy

Abstract Past research has predominantly used the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale total score to indicate career adaptability and found promising evidence for the importance of career adaptability. However, there remains a critical gap between the research popularity and the incremental validity of the CAAS total score, which concerns its additive predictions for career criteria beyond general self-efficacy. To solidify the empirical foundation of career adaptability, we used a sample of employees (n = 284) and a sample of students (n = 279) to examine the incremental predictions of the CAAS total score for career adaptation responses and results over and beyond general self-efficacy. The results revealed that while the CAAS total score additively predicted career decision self-efficacy over and beyond general self-efficacy in students, the CAAS total score demonstrated no or little additive predictions for occupational self-efficacy, career decision self-efficacy, career decision ambiguity aversion, career satisfaction, major satisfaction, and career indecision over and beyond general self-efficacy. We discussed the implications of this study for adaptability research, assessment, and practice together with the limitations and suggestions for future research.
Abstract 13912: Protein Phosphatase 2C-alpha Knockdown Reduces Angiotensin II-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Wasting via Restoration of Mitochondrial Recycling and Function

Circulating Angiotensin II (AngII) is elevated in congestive heart failure (CHF), and leads to skeletal muscle wasting, which is strongly associated with poor patient outcomes. We previously found that AngII upregulates protein phosphatase 2C-alpha (PP2Cα) and dephosphorylates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), a critical regulator of cellular metabolism, in skeletal muscle. To determine the role of PP2Cα in AngII-induced wasting, gastrocnemius (Gas) muscles of FVB mice were injected with scrambled or PP2Cα siRNA and mice were infused with saline or AngII for 4 days. Knockdown of PP2Cα reduced AngII wasting by 50% (p<0.001), blocked AngII upregulation of PP2Cα by 62% (p<0.01), increased p-T172-AMPK by 60% versus scrambled siRNA (p<0.01), and inhibited AngII-mediated reductions in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α, p<0.05), in complex IV activity (p<0.01), and in ATP (p<0.05) by 35-51%. AngII impaired autophagic flux as determined by a 165% increase in p62/SQSTM1 (p62) e...
A CASTLE With TOWERs for Reliable, Secure Phase-Change Memory

The use of hardware encryption and new memory technologies such as phase change memory (PCM) are gaining popularity in a variety of server applications such as cloud systems. While PCM provides energy and density advantages over conventional DRAM memory, it faces endurance challenges. Such challenges are exacerbated when employing memory encryption as the stored data is essentially randomized, losing data similarity and reducing or eliminating the effectiveness of energy and endurance oriented encoding techniques. This results in increasing dynamic energy consumption and accelerated wear out. In this article, we propose CASTLE, a technique for in-memory encryption to leverage this encryption process to improve reliability in the presence of endurance faults. We also propose TOWERs for CASTLE that improve reliability as well as energy for encrypted data through a novel application of compression and encoding. CASTLE and TOWERs are compatible with error-correction codes (ECC) and error correction pointers (ECP), the standard for mitigating endurance faults in PCM. When combining CASTLE and TOWERS, we achieve an average lifetime improvement of over 45× compared to SECDED ECC, 7.1× compared to SECRET, and 3.6× compared to the leading partition-and-flip fault-tolerance approach (AEGIS) for the same area overhead.
Retrospective Analysis of Gabapentin for Alcohol Withdrawal in the Hospital Setting: The Mayo Clinic Experience.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose gabapentin taper protocol for alcohol withdrawal in hospitalized patients. Patients and Methods We retrospectively identified patients admitted to the hospital from January 1, 2016, to April 30, 2018, for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Based on the treatment that patients received, they were divided into the gabapentin, benzodiazepine, and combination treatment groups. The primary outcome was length of stay, defined as time from admission to either discharge or 36 hours with Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA) score less than 10. Inverse probability of treatment weight was used to account for differences in baseline characteristics between groups. Results A total of 443 patients met criteria for inclusion (128, 253, and 62 patients in the gabapentin, benzodiazepine, and combination groups, respectively). Baseline characteristics were similar among all groups. The median gabapentin group length of stay was 4.0 hours shorter than the benzodiazepine group (P=.012). Maximum CIWA score was 2.2 points lower in the gabapentin group (P=.003). No statistical differences were noted among safety outcomes, including incidence of seizure, intensive care unit transfer, or delirium tremens. Results were not statistically altered by inverse probability of treatment weight analysis. Conclusion A fixed-dose gabapentin taper protocol appears to be an effective and safe alternative to CIWA-driven benzodiazepines in patients hospitalized with alcohol withdrawal syndrome, though further research is necessary to define the potential subpopulations that benefit most.
What Do We Owe Each Other?: An Essay on Law and Society

Lawyer and psychologist Susan Vinocour has written a widely noticed, engrossing, immensely saddening, and thought-provoking book, Nobody’s Child. The book covers many central topics at the intersection of law and society. These include the workings of the current insanity defense; our attitudes toward mentally ill defendants; our attitudes toward guilt and punishment; the operation of the criminal justice system generally, especially as it affects the poor and people of color; our society’s failures by our schools, hospitals, communities, and social service agencies to respond to people with major mental disorder and with severe social disadvantage; the work of practicing attorneys, judges, forensic psychologists, and social workers; a specific reform proposal for the insanity defense; and even more. This is an ambitious agenda and I can only address most of it superficially and with hurried treatment. Although I use the book as a vehicle for exploring many of these important issues and often write against the book’s claims, this is more an essay than a review.
Consequences of a terrestrial insect invader on stream-riparian food webs of the central Appalachians, USA

The terrestrial invader hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) decimates eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) stands that dominate riparian zones of Appalachian forest streams. However, the ecological consequences for linked aquatic-terrestrial ecosystems remain unknown. We measured stream-riparian trophic linkages at 21 sites of Ohio, West Virginia, and Virginia representing a chronosequence of T. canadensis decline. We measured reciprocal fluxes of basal resources (periphyton, terrestrial detritus), emerging aquatic insect flux rate and community composition, riparian orb-weaving spider density, and estimated spider trophic position and reliance on aquatically-derived energy using stable isotopes (13C, 15N, 2H) and Bayesian mixing models. Stream periphyton biomass was greater at uninvaded reference sites than at invaded sites and composition of the terrestrial-to-stream detritus flux changed with T. canadensis decline. Emergent aquatic insect community composition was partly explained by hemlock decline status, but the relative abundance of functional feeding groups was not. Riparian orb-weaving spider densities were highest at sites with severe hemlock decline (F = 4.27, p = 0.022), but were not linked to insect emergence flux rates (p > 0.10). Both trophic position ( $${\overline{x}}$$ = 2.4) and relative reliance on aquatically-derived energy ( $${\overline{x}}$$ = 83%) were comparable among spider families (Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, Pisauridae) and site decline status. Although spider δ13C signatures were unrelated to those of the most numerous emergent insect families, δ15N signatures of Araneidae and Pisauridae tracked emergent insect δ15N (r2 = 0.42 and 0.78, respectively), suggesting a trophic linkage. Overall, the ecological consequences of this invader were clearest at lower trophic levels, with more nuanced impacts on riparian spiders.
The relationship between optimism and physical health functioning in chronic low back pain and pain-free individuals

Chronic low back pain (cLBP) can interfere with daily activities and be a major contributor of worse long-term disability and overall well-being. It disproportionally impacts non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and people of lower socioeconomic status. Additionally, optimism is a trait that has been linked to reduced symptom severity, including pain and pain adjustment, as well as related to self-report measures of health and physical functioning. Few studies have assessed the joint contribution of race and optimism in relation to physical functioning for cLBP patients. In a cross-sectional sample of adults with cLBP (N=133) and pain-free adults (n=61), we assessed the role of optimism, pain, and sociodemographic factors. Participants completed the Short Physical Performance Battery, and questionnaires including study demographics, the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale. Linear mixed-models analyses and regression-based analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26.0. There was no significant difference in optimism scores between pain-free (M = 18.2, SD = 4.6) and cLBP (M = 17.0, SD = 4.3), nor by race between NHB (M = 17.6, SD = 4.3) and non-Hispanic White (17.0, SD = 4.6). In a parsimonious linear mixed models approach adjusted for sex, age, depression, and race, findings revealed that optimism (F=4.8, p = .03, [CI: .006 to .11]), race (F = 11.1, p = .001, [CI: -1.14 to -.29]), and depressive symptoms (F = 12.5, p = .003, [CI: -.06 to -.02]) significantly affected overall physical function. Optimism has been demonstrated to be related to better psychological and physical well-being, and optimists show better pain regulation. Negatively biased expectations may impact behavioral choices such as less physical activity, resulting in poorer health, conditioning, and greater disability. Identification of optimism in individuals may help increase physical functioning by adjusting individual experiences. Sources of Funding: This work was supported by Examining Racial And SocioEconomic Disparities in cLBP; ERASED; R01MD010441.