cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visualization of elongation factor G on the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome: The mechanism of translocation

During protein synthesis, elongation factor G (EF-G) binds to the ribosome and promotes the step of translocation, a process in which tRNA moves from the A to the P site of the ribosome and the mRNA is advanced by one codon. By using three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy, we have visualized EF-G in a ribosome–EF-G–GDP–fusidic acid complex. Fitting the crystal structure of EF-G–GDP into the cryo density map reveals a large conformational change mainly associated with domain IV, the domain that mimics the shape of the anticodon arm of the tRNA in the structurally homologous ternary complex of Phe-tRNAPhe, EF-Tu, and a GTP analog. The tip portion of this domain is found in a position that overlaps the anticodon arm of the A-site tRNA, whose position in the ribosome is known from a study of the pretranslocational complex, implying that EF-G displaces the A-site tRNA to the P site by physical interaction with the anticodon arm.
An Unassisted, Low Trigger-, and High Holding-Voltage SCR (uSCR) for On-Chip ESD-Protection Applications

A new silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) is proposed and realized in a 0.35-mum/3.3-V fully salicided BiCMOS process for electrostatic-discharge (ESD) applications. Without using an external trigger circuitry, the unassisted SCR has a trigger voltage as low as 7 V to effectively protect deep-submicrometer MOS circuits, a holding voltage higher than the supply voltage to minimize transient influence and avoid latch-up issue, and a second snapback current density exceeding 60 mA/mum to provide robust ESD-protection solutions.
Variability of user performance in cellular DS-CDMA-long versus short spreading sequences

The uplink performance in a cellular direct-sequence code-division multiple-access system using long and short spreading sequences is compared in terms of the distribution of the bit-error probability. Three different receiver types are considered: conventional; MMSE; and interference cancellation, both with and without forward-error correction. The short code system has a slightly higher performance variability among the user population than the corresponding long code system, which requires attention when designing a short code system. Code hopping as a technique to mitigate this is investigated.
Effects of task difficulty on EEG measures of cerebral engagement

Abstract EEGs were recorded while subjects constructed 14 block designs of graded complexity, and also while reading and writing. Two measures of design difficulty were used: time to complete each construction and Ss' subjective ranking. For each task, average alpha power for each lead and R/L ratios (C4/C3, P4/P3) were calculated. Within-subject and group analyses both showed higher alpha power and higher R/L ratios with increasing difficulty. There were important differences between subjects: some showed significant increases in alpha power only on the left, some only on the right, some bilateral. Regardless of difficulty however, the R/L alpha ratios were significantly lower for block design than for writing, as in our previous studies.
Governance and Anticorruption

Everyone knows of the grave consequences that result when custodians ignore their responsi bilities and obligations and instead exploit their opportunities for self-promotion, cheat, and destroy self-incriminating evidence. Such deceitful officehold ers are no innocents but artful, conniving, ruthless dodgers, knowingly up to no good, and often in a position to intimidate, discredit, and even destroy anyone in their way to power or profit. Rarely can they act entirely alone, leaving no traces of what they are about?certainly not in this increasingly transpar ent, interconnected contemporary world. Only the really outrageous are prepared to boast, indifferent to public opinion, seemingly untouchable, without any shred of guilt, and fearless of being brought to justice. Others are more mindful of being exposed and are aware that they might lose everything they have gained, so there is much to be lost in confessing their guilt and more to gain in covering their tracks. But most know they have deviated from common expecta tions, from what others assume should be taking place, from universal ethical precepts, and from standard practices and norms, and in so doing take advantage of the unsuspecting to gain something for themselves or their causes that otherwise would not happen.
Formation Mechanisms for North Pacific Central and Eastern Subtropical Mode Waters

Abstract The effects of one-dimensional processes on the formation of deep mixed layers in the central mode water (CMW) and eastern subtropical mode water (ESMW) formation regions of the North Pacific have been analyzed using a mixed layer model. By running the model with various combinations of initial (August) background stratification and forcing fields (heat flux, E − P, and wind stress), and comparing the resultant March mixed layer depths, the relative importance of these effects on creating deep mixed layers was diagnosed. Model results suggest that the contributions of evaporation minus precipitation and wind mixing to mixed layer depth in both the CMW and the ESMW formation regions are negligible. In the ESMW formation region (centered at approximately 30°N, 140°W), the initial stratification is very important in determining where deep mixed layers form. Summer heating is quite weak in this region, resulting in a weak (or even nonexistent) seasonal pycnocline at the end of the summer at about 30°...
Early comfort after supracondylar pinning: commentary on an article by Gaia Georgopoulos, MD, et al.: “The efficacy of intra-articular injections for pain control following the closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures. A randomized controlled trial”.

It is a pleasure to provide perspective on this practical, well-written article by the Orthopaedic Group at the Children’s Hospital Colorado. Intra-articular injections may not be thought of as particularly innovative, but the application described in this article represents a way of safely delivering local anesthetic following an injury that is often coupled with neurologic challenges in children. Many orthopaedic surgeons have wished for a safe way to provide local analgesia after the treatment of a supracondylar humeral fracture but are concerned with the difficulty of postoperatively monitoring neurologic status. This concern arises because the reduction or the pinning itself can cause neurologic damage1,2. We also worry about the ability to monitor forearm compartment function postoperatively in these children2. Therefore, local anesthetic around the fracture site has not been widely adopted for fear that the agent will interfere with the monitoring of neurologic function. What the authors found, however, is that the elbow joint is a nearby compartment that can serve as a contained repository for the local anesthetic. Injection into the joint can effectively diminish the pain while minimally …
Personal Genome Sequencing in Ostensibly Healthy Individuals and the PeopleSeq Consortium

Thousands of ostensibly healthy individuals have had their exome or genome sequenced, but a much smaller number of these individuals have received any personal genomic results from that sequencing. We term those projects in which ostensibly healthy participants can receive sequencing-derived genetic findings and may also have access to their genomic data as participatory predispositional personal genome sequencing (PPGS). Here we are focused on genome sequencing applied in a pre-symptomatic context and so define PPGS to exclude diagnostic genome sequencing intended to identify the molecular cause of suspected or diagnosed genetic disease. In this report we describe the design of completed and underway PPGS projects, briefly summarize the results reported to date and introduce the PeopleSeq Consortium, a newly formed collaboration of PPGS projects designed to collect much-needed longitudinal outcome data.
Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Many of the N gonorrhoeae strains seen today are impervious to the relatively inexpensive drugs advocated for primary treatment in earlier years.
The Implications of Weight Changes with Antipsychotic Treatment

Patients receiving treatment with atypical antipsychotics commonly experience weight gain, which can cause considerable distress and can have deleterious effects on cardiovascular health. Because of the associated weight gain and potential direct effects on glucose metabolism, atypical antipsychotics have also been linked to the development of type II diabetes mellitus. Data on long-term treatment with these agents show that clozapine and olanzapine, followed by risperidone, were associated with the greatest degree of weight gain. A large body of data suggests that during long-term treatment, patients receiving the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine experience minimal weight gain. Data also suggest that quetiapine treatment does not increase the risk of developing type II diabetes. The use of atypical antipsychotics is increasing, as these agents are being prescribed for schizophrenia in lieu of conventional antipsychotics. Furthermore, these drugs have efficacy for treating other conditions such as bipolar disorder. Physicians prescribing atypical antipsychotics must be aware of the risk of weight gain and its associated comorbidities.
Behavioral Responses of the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) to Semiochemicals of Seven Ant Species

Bioassays were performed to determine the behavioral responses of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki soldiers to ants or ant extracts. C. formosanus responded differently to semiochemicals of different ant species. A significantly greater proportion of termite soldiers responded aggressively to Pheidole megacephala (F.) than to other ant species. Termite soldiers were significantly less likely to respond aggressively to Monomorium floricola (Jerdon), Tetramorium simillimum (F. Smith), and Ochetellus glaber (Mayr) than to other ant species. Termites avoided contact with O. glaber in 85.3% of trials, but only avoided contact with other ant species in 18% or less of trials. Termite soldiers were significantly more likely to respond to freshly killed ants than to solvent-treated ants of the same species. Termites also responded similarly to freshly killed ants and dead termites treated with ant extracts, indicating that termite responses were mediated, at least in part, by chemical cues. The ability of C. formosanus to distinguish among different ant species on the basis of semiochemicals could be an adaptive response that allows them to recognize particularly threatening enemies.
Optical Band Gap of Diamond-Like Carbon Films as a Function of RF Substrate Bias

Diamond-like carbon films have been deposited with a low temperature 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. The bombarding ion energy was independently controlled with a RF bias to the substrate. The production rate of reactant species and the impinging ion energy are decoupled with this system. The optical band gap decreased from 2.7 to 1.2 eV as substrate bias was increased from 0 to -140 V.
Frege and the Aristotelian Model of Science

Although profoundly influential for essentially the whole of philosophy’s twenty-five hundred year history, the model of a science that is outlined in Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics has recently been abandoned on grounds that developments in mathematics and logic over the last century or so have rendered it obsolete. Nor has anything emerged to take its place. As things stand we have not even the outlines of an adequate understanding of the rationality of mathematics as a scientific practice. It seems reasonable, in light of this lacuna, to return again to Frege—who was at once one of the last great defenders of the model and a key figure in the very developments that have been taken to spell its demise—in hopes of finding a way forward. What we find when we do is that although Frege remains true to the spirit of the model, he also modifies it in very fundamental ways. So modified, I will suggest, the model continues to provide a viable and compelling image of scientific rationality by showing, in broad outline, how we achieve, and maintain, cognitive control in our mathematical investigations.
Economic Well Being of Rural Women Through Self Help Groups with Special Reference to Coastal Villages of Tuticorin District

Today women are in the process of enriching themselves through Self-Help Group. Tuticorin District having 19 town panchayats formed 1230 SHGs, and their achievement is 259%. The overall objective of the present study is to analysis the economic empowerment of women though SHGs in five coastal areas of Tuticorin viz. Siluvaipatti, Sippikulam, Lourthammalpuram, Pattanamaruthur and Mokkaiyur. However more specifically: 1. To collect data on the socio-economic structure and activities of the fisherwomen SHGs; 2. To analyse the income and expenditure of the members after joining SHGs; and 3. To offer suitable suggestions on the basis of the finding of the study.The study utilised both primary and secondary data. Primary data relating to the socio economic background and various other aspects relating to social empowerment of the fisherwomen were collected through pre-designed questionnaire from 472 fisherwomen representing 31 SHGs from the selected five coastal villages. A separate interview schedule was designed, pilot tested and used for data collection. The schedule was used to collect specific information from each member of the fisherwomen SHGs. Percentage analysis and averages were used owing to the constraints imposed by the nature of data. Class interval technique was used to analysis the age, income and expenditure. To conclude, the economic activities of SHGs are quite successful. In this way, SHGs in five costal villages of Tuticorin were very successful to develop women empowerment and rural areas.
Epidemiological Analysis of Mumps in Shunhe(Hui Nationality) District of Kaifeng City in 2009

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Shunhe(Hui Nationality) district of Kaifeng city in 2009,provide the basis for the control and prevention of mumps.[Methods]With method of descriptive epidemiology,morbidity and epidemic law of mumps cases in 2009 were analyzed.[Results]In 2009,130 cases of mumps were reported in Shunhe district,the morbidity was 50.33/lakh,and there was no death.The peak was April and May,which accounted for 44.62%.The morbidity of urban area(56.01/lakh) was higher than that of rural area(26.69/lakh).Most of patients were pupils and children aged 4～12 years old.The male morbidity was higher than female morbidity,and the ratio of male to female was 2.42∶1.[Conclusion]The morbidity of mumps is high in this district,so it is necessary to improve the prevention measures of mumps vaccination to enhance the level of population immunity.
Quality Assurance in Higher Education – Practices and Issues

The term quality assurance in higher education is increasingly used to denote the practices whereby academic standards, that is, the level of academic achievement attained by higher education graduates, are maintained and improved. This definition of academic quality as equivalent to academic standards is consistent with the emerging focus in higher education policies on student learning outcomes – the specific levels of knowledge, skills, and abilities that students achieve as a consequence of their engagement in a particular education program. A useful distinction is drawn between internal and external academic quality assurance. Internal quality assurance refers to those policies and practices whereby academic institutions themselves monitor and improve the quality of their education provision, while external quality assurance refers to supra-institutional policies and practices whereby the quality of higher education institutions and programs are assured. Individual universities have always possessed policies and practices designed to assure the quality of education, but academic institutions have also always operated within a national policy framework designed by the state to assure academic standards. This article reviews the new forms of external quality assurance that have accompanied recent reforms in national policies and the issues they raise for higher education.
The Role of Extra Space Dimensions in String Theory

In the Einsteinera of general relativity the only other force known to exist beyond gravity was electromagnetism which was already successfully described by Maxwells equations. There was a desire to try to understand if these theories had a common origin. Einstein himself had the goal of unifying Maxwells theory with general relativity.
Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Superoxide Dismutase-1 Knockout Mice Was Associated with Altered Expression of Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor-21

Superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) is a well-known intracellular antioxidant enzyme, and our laboratory has been studying impact and mechanism of the SOD1 knockout on glucose and lipid metabolism in mic...
PhD Forum: Robust Sensing and Analytics in Urban Environment

Both traditional wireless sensor networks and novel crowdsensing techniques generate tremendous real- time data, which provides great opportunities for real- time and long-term analytics. However, how to integrate the heterogeneous data sources and create data analytics toolboxes that can be connected together to solve various problems in urban environment remains open problems. As a PhD student, my research interests include: (1) Creating robust sensing mechanisms to integrate heterogeneous data sources that often vary in sample rates, sizes, and formats, and suffer from missing, duplicated and faulty data issues, (2) Building robust toolchains of analytics classes, (3) Developing applications that utilize the data and toolchains.
Sub-Regional Patterning of Paleoindian Sites with Michaud-Neponset Points in New England and the Canadian Maritimes

ABSTRACTThis paper examines sub-regional patterning in New England and the Canadian Maritimes to investigate whether Paleoindian settlement behaviors indicate the broad territorial range of one macroband or multiple macroband territories. These alternate hypotheses will be investigated by comparing sub-regional patterning in settlement behaviors to general models of residentially mobile caribou hunters that employ “herd following” caribou hunting strategies. I attempt to minimize the effects of time averaging by focusing my analysis on Middle Paleoindian sites with Michaud-Neponset fluted points.
Clinical Reasoning: Monocular vision loss, ophthalmoplegia, and strokes in a 61-year-old man with diabetes mellitus.

A 61-year-old man presented with rapidly progressive right eye vision loss, swelling, and pain, ptosis, and numbness of his right forehead that started 4 days prior to admission. His medical history included coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus with hospitalization a week prior to admission for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. He denied any tobacco, alcohol, or drug use, and there was no history of head trauma or recent travel.
EXAFS and XANES Studies of High-Valent Metal-Oxo Porphyrins Relevant to Horseradish Peroxidase

Horseradish peroxidase is a heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of phenolic substrates, utilizing hydrogen peroxide as the ultimate electron acceptor. The resting form of HRP contains a high-spin ferric heme. During the catalytic cycle, HRP is initially oxidized by two electrons to a green species known as Compound I (HRP-I). One electron reduction of HRP-I yields the red species known as Compound II (HRP-II), that retains one oxidizing equivalent above the resting enzyme. There is substantial interest in understanding the chemistry of high-valent transition metal species in general and the peroxidases in particular because of their importance in oxidation and oxygenation reactions. In this report we review our recent EXAFS and XANES studies of high-valent metalloporphyrins which are relevant to horseradish peroxidase compounds I and II.
Properties of wood/agricultural fiberboard bonded with soybean-based adhesives

There is a growing interest in the wood industry to develop wood adhesives from renewable substances and to use underutilized agricultural residues as supplements for wood composite panels. This study was conducted to determine comparative properties of hardboards and medium-density fiberboards (MDF) made from fiber furnishes containing different amounts of cornstalk, switchgrass, and wood fibers bonded with synthetic resins and soy protein. Hardboards and MDF were made at wood/agricultural fiber compositions of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100 in weight percentages. Wet-formed hardboards (S1S) bonded with 2 percent soy protein were compared with those bonded with 2 percent phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF). Dry-formed hardboards (S2S) and MDF bonded with 4 percent PF plus 4 percent soy protein were compared with those bonded with 8 percent urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. The results show that board properties decreased with increasing amounts of cornstalk and switchgrass fibers in the board. Board properties affected in descending order were thickness swell, internal bond strength (IB), tensile strength, bending strength (MOR), and bending stiffness (MOE). Boards containing 50 percent agricultural fibers had optimum mechanical properties when compared with those of 100 percent wood fiberboards. S1S boards bonded with 2 percent soy protein were inferior to those bonded with 2 percent PF. S2S boards bonded with 4 percent soy protein plus 4 percent PF had mechanical properties comparable to those of boards bonded with 8 percent UF and better dimensional stability. MDF bonded with 4 percent soy protein plus 4 percent PF, however, had lower mechanical properties than boards bonded with 8 percent UF. Results indicate that 1) wood fiber was superior to cornstalk and switchgrass fibers; 2) cornstalk fiber was better than switchgrass fiber in the production of fiberboard; and 3) the soy protein adhesive bond was not as strong and durable as synthetic resin adhesive bonds.
Treatment Modalities for Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis

The annual incidence of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis is at least two million people, with 350 million people in 98 countries at risk for acquiring infection. These are diseases mostly of the impoverished and are considered in the top five of neglected infectious diseases worldwide, making prevention, diagnosis, and treatment difficult. Therapy of leishmaniasis ranges from local treatment of cutaneous lesions to systemic, often toxic, therapy for disseminated cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and deadly visceral disease. This chapter discusses the current treatment regimens commonly used for various forms of leishmaniasis with attention to some promising newer experimental approaches.
Atomic Resolution Ultrahigh Vacuum Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Diamond (100) Epitaxial Films

Atomic images of epitaxial (100) diamond were obtained in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The dimer row spacing, inner dimer pair, and single atomic step height were measured to be 0.5 nm, 0.25 nm and 0.1 nm respectively. Different forms of amorphous carbon were also observed in UHV. Some forms appeared to be randomly oriented others appeared chain-like. A radial reconstruction 1.5 nm in diameter was found on a 20° slope to a group of (100) 2x1 reconstructions. Current vs voltage spectrum was obtained in UHV and showed the electronic characteristics of the film. The Raman spectrum of the diamond film showed sp2 and sp3 peaks.
Intermittent LHRH Agonist Sequentially Combined with a Progestogen as Antiovulatory Contraception

Continuous LHRH infusion in normal women leads to pituitary and gonadal desensitization [1]. Once daily intranasal administration of potent LHRH agonists consistently blocks ovulation and prevents progesterone secretion [2–5]. However under repetitive administration of LHRH agonist and pituitary down-regulation the inhibition of follicular activity is variable and there is a high incidence of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea [3–5]. Endometrial biopsies taken after several months of treatment indicated inactive endometrium or variable stages of proliferation [6,7]. Potential drawbacks of long term treatment could be related to the persistent state of decreased and unopposed estrogens.
Manganese toxicity is targeting an early step in the dopamine signal transduction pathway that controls lateral cilia activity in the bivalve mollusc Crassostrea virginica.

Abstract Manganese is a neurotoxin causing manganism, a Parkinson-like clinical disorder. Manganese has been shown to interfere with dopaminergic neurotransmission, but the neurotoxic mechanism involved is not fully resolved. In the bivalve mollusc Crassostrea virginica also known as the eastern oyster, beating rates of lateral cilia of the gill are controlled by dopaminergic-serotonergic innervation originating from their cerebral and visceral ganglia. Terminal release of dopamine activates D2-like receptors on these gill cells inhibiting adenylyl cyclase and slowing cilia beating rates. In C. virginica, manganese treatment disrupts this dopaminergic innervation of the gill, preventing the normal cilio-inhibitory response of lateral cells to dopamine. In this study an adenylyl cyclase activator (forskolin) and two different inhibitors (MDL-12,330A and SQ 22,536) were used to determine if manganese had any effects on the adenylyl cyclase step of the dopamine D2 receptor signal transduction pathway. The results showed that neither the adenylyl cyclase activator nor the inhibitors were affected by manganese in the control of lateral ciliary activity. This suggests that in C. virginica the mechanism of manganese toxicity on the dopaminergic control of lateral ciliary activity is targeting an early step in the D2R signal transduction pathway, which may involve interference with D2 receptor activation or alternatively some other downstream signaling activity that does not affect adenylyl cyclase.
Beyond Nudges - When Improving Health Calls for Greater Assertiveness.

Beyond Nudges In recent years, health care leaders have increasingly turned to “nudges” to influence health-related behaviors. But harmful health and health care behaviors often arise in circumstan...
The power of open: benefits, barriers, and strategies for integration of open educational resources

Open Educational Resources (OER) are becoming a significant, mission-driven trend within educational literature. To help address rising costs, instructors and designers are looking to OER to effect...
Ephx2-gene deletion affects acetylcholine-induced relaxation in angiotensin-II infused mice: role of nitric oxide and CYP-epoxygenases

Previously, we showed that adenosine A2A receptor induces relaxation independent of NO in soluble epoxide hydrolase-null mice (Nayeem et al. in Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 304:R23–R32, 2013). Currently, we hypothesize that Ephx2-gene deletion affects acetylcholine (Ach)-induced relaxation which is independent of A2AAR but dependent on NO and CYP-epoxygenases. Ephx2−/− aortas showed a lack of sEH (97.1%, P 0.05). Ach-induced response was tested with nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) NO-inhibitor; 10−4 M), N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(2-propynyloxy)-benzenehexanamide (MS-PPOH) (CYP-epoxygenase inhibitor; 10−5 M), 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (14,15-EEZE, an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid-antagonist; 10−5 M), SCH-58261 (A2AAR-antagonist; 10−6 M), and angiotensin-II (Ang-II, 10−6 M). In Ephx2−/− mice, Ach-induced relaxation was not different from C57Bl/6 mice except at 10−5 M (92.75 ± 2.41 vs. 76.12 ± 3.34, P 0.05) vs. non-treated (P > 0.05). Interestingly, Ang-II attenuates less relaxation in Ehx2−/− vs. C57Bl/6 mice (58.80 ± 7.81% vs. 45.92 ± 7.76, P < 0.05). Our data suggest that Ach-induced relaxation in Ephx2−/− mice depends on NO and CYP-epoxygenases but not on A2A AR, and Ephx2-gene deletion attenuates less Ach-induced relaxation in Ang-II-infused mice.
Influence of geometry on the galloping instability of rectangular cylinders in the Reynolds number range 1,000–10,000

Abstract Wind tunnel experiments were used to investigate the effects of geometry on the transverse galloping behavior of nominally rectangular cylinders at Reynolds numbers from 1,000 to 10,000. Static measurements of the lift and the drag forces were used to determine the variation of the normal force coefficient with angle-of-attack, in accordance with the typical quasi-steady description of galloping. Cylinders with unity chord-to-thickness ratio (side ratio) were found to vary from unstable, to neutrally stable, to stable as the corner radius was increased from sharp, to half-round, to fully-round, with this effect diminishing with decreasing Reynolds number. Cylinders with side ratios of 2 or 3 demonstrated either stability over the entire Reynolds number range, or a transition from unstable to stable with increasing Reynolds number, depending on corner radius. The results demonstrated that in general, increasing the corner radius had a stabilizing effect.
Scoring Race: Jazz, Fiction, and Francophone Africa

Pim Higginson draws on race theory, aesthetics, cultural studies, musicology, and postcolonial studies to examine the convergence of aesthetics and race in Western thought and to explore its impact on Francophone African literature. France's "tumulte noir," the jazz craze between the two world wars, consolidated an aesthetic model present in Western philosophy since Plato that coalesced into French "scientific" racism over the 19th century; a model which formalized the notion of music as black. France's "jazzophilia" codified what the author names the "racial score:" simultaneously an archive and script that, in defining jazz as "black music," has had wide-reaching effects on contemporary perceptions of the artistic and political efficacy of black writers, musicians, and their aesthetic productions. Reading avant-garde French writers Sartre and Soupault to prize-winning Francophone authors Congolese Emmanuel Dongala to Cameroonian Leonora Miano, Scoring Race explores how jazz masters Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, and John Coltrane became touchstones for claims to African authorship and aesthetic subjectivity across the long twentieth century. This volume focuses on how this naturalization of black musicality occurred and its impact on Francophone African writers and filmmakers for whom the idea of their own essential musicality represented an epistemological obstacle. Despite this obstacle, because of jazz's profound importance to diaspora aesthetics, as well as its crucial role in the French imaginary, many African writers have chosen to make it a structuring principle of their literary projects. How and why, Pim Higginson asks, did these writers and filmmakers approach jazz and its participation in and formalization of the "racial score"? To what extent did they reproduce the terms of their own systematic expulsion into music and to what extent, in their impossible demand for writing (or film-making), did they arrive at tactical means of working through, around, or beyond the strictures of their assumed musicality? Pim Higginson is Professor of Global French Studies at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
Diversity and Inclusion in Libraries: A Call to Action and Strategies for Success

Shannon D. Jones, AHIP, and Beverly Murphy, AHIP, FMLA, have teamed up to serve as editors of Diversity and Inclusion in Libraries: A Call to Action and Strategies for Success, a timely, much needed book with chapters written by thirty different contributors.
Fundamentals of Neuronal Transport of Gangliosides. Functional Implications

When ganglioside transport studies were first undertaken approximately 15 years ago, relatively little was known about the localization of gangliosides within the neuron, their site of synthesis or the means of conveyance from the latter to the former. Elucidation of the phenomenon of axonal transport has helped to provide at least a partial answer to these questions, and is now providing additional insight into possible functional roles for these substances. The problem of logistics is particularly acute for the neuron with its enormous network of processes, these often being several thousand times greater in length than the diameter of the cell body. Hence it was logical to suppose in the beginning that the neuron solved this problem by in situ synthesis, e.g. in the nerve-ending or processes themselves; indeed, some studies of that early period reported evidence for glycosyltransferase activity in isolated synaptosomes. However, as methodology improved it developed that much if not all such activity was the result of contamination, and it has since become generally accepted that the cell body is the major — perhaps only — locus of synthesis. We shall attempt to briefly review the studies which led to this conclusion and indicate some of the still unresolved questions. We shall also refer to a more recently discovered mode of ganglioside transport, catalyzed by soluble transfer proteins in brain, and discuss certain functional implications of all these phenomena.
Lowering–raising triples and Uq(sl2)

Abstract We introduce the notion of a lowering–raising (or LR) triple of linear transformations on a nonzero finite-dimensional vector space. We show how to normalize an LR triple, and classify up to isomorphism the normalized LR triples. We describe the LR triples using various maps, such as the reflectors, the inverters, the unipotent maps, and the rotators. We relate the LR triples to the equitable presentation of the quantum algebra U q ( sl 2 ) and Lie algebra sl 2 .
Violence as Secular Evil: Forensic Evaluation and Treatment of Violent Offenders from the Viewpoint of Existential Depth Psychology

Violence is the preeminent evil of our day. Though the causes of destructive violence in our society are complex, the troublesome human emotions of anger and rage play a central role in the genesis of violent behavior and psychopathology in general. In this paper, the author discusses forensic evaluation and psychotherapeutic treatment via “existential depth psychology”—a synthesis of Freudian, Jungian, and existential theory—focusing on the overlooked links between repressed anger or rage, pathological narcissism, antisocial personality, and violent behavior.
Sexual Behaviors in Mexico: The Role of Values and Gender Across Adolescence.

Adolescent sexuality research has expanded to include non-coital behaviors, but there is limited knowledge about individual factors such as cultural values associated with these sexual behaviors outside of industrialized nations. Thus, we examined associations between Latino values (familism, sexual guilt, and importance of female virginity) and three sexual behaviors (making out, oral sex, and vaginal sex), among adolescents ages 12 to 19 (53% female) in Mexico. Findings indicate that sexual guilt and importance of female virginity were consistently associated with all sexual behaviors. Some associations differed by gender and school level. For instance, sexual guilt was a better predictor of high school girls’ oral and vaginal sex. This study expands our understanding of adolescent sexuality in Mexico.
Selection of functional signal peptide cleavage sites from a library of random sequences.

The export of proteins to the periplasmic compartment of bacterial cells is mediated by an amino-terminal signal peptide. After transport, the signal peptide is cleaved by a processing enzyme, signal peptidase I. A comparison of the cleavage sites of many exported proteins has identified a conserved feature of small, uncharged amino acids at positions -1 and -3 relative to the cleavage site. To determine experimentally the sequences required for efficient signal peptide cleavage, we simultaneously randomized the amino acid residues from positions -4 to +2 of the TEM-1 beta-lactamase enzyme to form a library of random sequences. Mutants that provide wild-type levels of ampicillin resistance were then selected from the random-sequence library. The sequences of 15 mutants indicated a bias towards small amino acids. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme was determined for nine of the mutants to assign the new -1 and -3 residues. Alanine was present in the -1 position for all nine of these mutants, strongly supporting the importance of alanine at the -1 position. The amino acids at the -3 position were much less conserved but were consistent with the -3 rules derived from sequence comparisons. Compared with the wild type, two of the nine mutants have an altered cleavage position, suggesting that sequence is more important than position for processing of the signal peptide. Images
Gender differences in pay expectations: the roles of job intention and self-view.

Because pay expectations play a role in the persistent gender pay gap, we surveyed 435 undergraduate students to examine the impacts of gender, job intentions, and self-views on the pay expectations of pre-career women and men. Our findings showed a gender gap in which women expected to be paid less than men expected to be paid at the beginning and at the peak of their careers. Findings also showed a gap in job intentions such that women and men who intended to hold female-dominated jobs expected to be paid less than those pursuing male-dominated jobs at both time periods. Further exploration showed that job intentions fully mediated the link between gender and entry-level pay expectations but did not mediate the link between gender and peak-career pay expectancies. After controlling for the gender type of the intended job, self-esteem did not moderate the relationship between gender and pay expectations at either career point, but self-efficacy did at both points. Increased self-efficacy raised the entry-level pay expectations of women and reduced the peak-career pay expectations of men. Our results highlight the importance of encouraging cross-stereotypic job pursuits for both women and men and indicate the importance of self-efficacy in curbing the gap in pay expectations.
Leukocyte Accumulation and Hemodynamic Changes in the Cerebral Microcirculation During Early Reperfusion After Stroke

Background and Purpose—Leukocytes contribute to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, few experimental models examine both in vivo behavior of leukocytes and microvascular rheology after stroke. The purpose of the present study was to characterize patterns of leukocyte accumulation in the cerebral microcirculation and to examine the relationship between leukocyte accumulation and microcirculatory hemodynamics after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO-R). Methods—Male rats (250 to 350 g) were anesthetized and ventilated. Tail catheters were inserted for measurement of arterial blood gases and administration of drugs. Body temperature was maintained at 37°C. Animals were subjected to 2 hours of MCAO by the filament method. A cranial-window preparation was performed, and the brain was superfused with warm, aerated artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Reperfusion was initiated by withdrawing the filament, and the pial microcirculation was observed by use of intravital fluorescence micro...
Bibliometric evaluation of pediatric neurosurgery in North America.

Object The application of bibliometric techniques to academic neurosurgery has been the focus of several recent publications. The authors provide here a detailed analysis of all active pediatric neurosurgeons in North America and their respective departments. Methods Using Scopus and Google Scholar, a bibliometric profile for every known active pediatric neurosurgeon in North America was created using the following citation metrics: h-, contemporary h-, g-, and e-indices and the m-quotient. Various subgroups were compared. Departmental productivity from 2008 through 2013 was measured, and departments were ranked on the basis of cumulative h- and e-indices and the total number of publications and citations. Lorenz curves were created, and Gini coefficients were calculated for all departments with 4 or more members. Results Three hundred twelve pediatric neurosurgeons (260 male, 52 female) were included for analysis. For the entire group, the median h-index, m-quotient, contemporary h-, g-, and e-indices, a...
Microelectrode studies of oxygen transfer in trickling filter slimes

Slime-covered rocks and samples of process waters from two trickling filters for treatment of municipal wastes were brought to the laboratory for probing with microelectrodes to determine dissolved oxygen (DO). Slime thickness was 0.4–1.5 mm. Flow rate of medium over the slime had a minor effect on slime respiration, but pH 5 or below was strongly inhibitory. Increasing temperature showed lower oxygen concentration throughout a slime, although 27°C had results little different from those at 22°C. Medium concentration had a profound effect on oxygen concentration profiles, and either oxygen-limited or substrate limited respiration could be demonstrated. Illumination of slimes from the top of the trickling filter developed oxygen supersaturation because oxygen from photosynthesis could not diffuse away rapidly.
A 3.1 GB/s, 8 Kb, ZERO PRECHARGE, PIPELINED, HIGHLY STABLE 2-PORT 8T SRAM DESIGN IN 65 nm

As the supply voltage is reducing with feature size, SRAM cell design is going through severe stability issues. The issue becomes worse due to increased variability in below sub-100 nm technology. In this paper, we present a highly stable 2-port 8T SRAM cell for high speed application in 65 nm technology. The proposed design provides high stability under simultaneous read/write disturbed access without reducing the Icell. The cell characteristic is extensively examined under random variation. The dynamic read noise margin is improved by 95% over conventional dual port SRAM. The zero-precharge sensing and virtual ground scheme reduce read path leakage current by 95% over conventional high precharge 2-port SRAM cell. The cell current is improved by 52% over conventional design. Finally, an 8 Kb bit-interleaved 2-stage pipelined SRAM architecture is presented using proposed cell. The 2-stage pipeline architecture provides data transfer bandwidth of 3.1 GB/s. Area-efficient 2-stage decoder layout helps to avoid pseudo read problem in unselected cells without sacrificing memory access time.
The First-generation Frankfurt School on the Animal Question Foundations for a Normative Sociological Animal Studies

Well before the now flourishing field of animal studies, the thinkers associated with Frankfurt, Germany’s Institute of Social Research theorized and problematized society’s troubling relationship ...
Sterols of the cultured dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula.

Abstract Eighteen components of the sterol fraction of Pyrocystis lunula have been identified. In addition to 4α-methyl sterols (typical dinoflagellate sterols), regular sterols, both with a saturated and Δ5-unsaturated skeleton, were isolated, together with Δ4-3-keto steroids including the hitherto unknown 23,24R-dimethyl-4,22E-cholestadien-3-one.
A Literacy Tutoring Experience for Prospective Special Educators and Struggling Second Graders

This study examined the learning of teacher candidates taking a language arts course in a special-educator preparation program and that of the second graders they tutored in a supervised field component of the course. Teacher candidates’ knowledge of literacy instruction was assessed using five knowledge tasks; children were assessed on several measures of basic reading and spelling skills as well as on their knowledge of phonics concepts such as syllable types. Teacher candidates generally had inaccurate perceptions of their knowledge at pretest, but their knowledge improved significantly on all tasks after course instruction. Tutored children improved significantly from pre- to posttest on all assessments. The study suggests that carefully designed literacy coursework with field experiences can benefit both prospective special educators and struggling readers.
Properties of solution of the diffusion-reaction equation. II.

Two theorems relating to properties of the solutions of the equations of continuity for the concentrations of the chemical species in a diffusion-reaction system are proved. The theorems concern boundary conditions under which the flux of a specified species can be guaranteed to be directed into the reaction region and the circumstances under which any two of the conditions (i) stationarity, (ii) flux equilibrium, and (iii) chemical equilibrium, imply the third. Application of these theorems to apparent active transport and to the properties of the differential equations for specific activities in a distributed tracer system are noted.
Detecting early response to cyclophosphamide treatment of RIF-1 tumors using selective multiple quantum spectroscopy (SelMQC) and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging.

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable, noninvasive method for early detection of tumor response to therapy that would facilitate optimization of treatment regimens to the needs of the individual patient. In the present study, the effects of cyclophosphamide (Cp, a widely used alkylating agent) were monitored in a murine radiation induced fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) using in vivo (1)H NMR spectroscopy and imaging to evaluate the potential of these techniques towards early detection of treatment response. Steady-state lactate levels and Gd-DTPA uptake kinetics were measured using selective multiple quantum coherence (Sel-MQC) transfer spectroscopy and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging, respectively in RIF-1 tumors before, 24 and 72 h after 300 mg/kg of Cp administration. High-resolution (1)H NMR spectra of perchloric acid extracts of the tumor were correlated with lactate and glucose concentrations determined enzymatically. In vivo NMR experiments showed a decrease in steady-state lactate to water ratios (5.4 +/- 1.6 to 0.6 +/- 0.5, p < 0.05) and an increase in Gd-DTPA uptake kinetics following treatment response. The data indicate that decreases in lactate result from decreased glycolytic metabolism and an increase in tumor perfusion/permeability. Perchloric acid extracts confirmed the lower lactate levels seen in vivo in treated tumors and also indicated a higher glycerophosphocholine/phosphocholine (GPC/PC) integrated intensity ratio (1.39 +/- 0.09 vs 0.97 +/- 0.04, p < 0.01), indicative of increased membrane degradation following Cp treatment. Steady-state lactate levels provide metabolic information that correlates with changes in tumor physiology measured by Gd-DTPA uptake kinetics with high spatial and temporal resolution. Both of these parameters may be useful for monitoring early tumor response to therapy.
Social dependency and social support in bulimic and nonbulimic women

We tested the hypotheses that bulimic women would be characterized by a high degree of social dependency and low levels of social support and that bulimic and nonbulimic women would differ in the interaction of these two variables. A secondary hypothesis, derived from Boskind-White and White's feminist account of bulimia, was that bulimic women are characterized in particular by social dependency on men and a lack of social support from men. A group of 23 normal-weight bulimic women were compared with 38 control subjects and were found to differ only in that they reported more social dependency. There was no evidence that bulimics were lacking in social support, compared with controls, nor was there any relation between bulimia and the interaction of social dependency with social support. Contrary to Boskind-White and White's theory, both bulimic and nonbulimic women reported more social dependency on men than on women, and the size of this discrepancy was found to be equal for both samples.
Base catalyzed degradations of rapamycin

Abstract The base catalyzed degradation of rapamycin was re-examined and a sequence of steps involving β-elimination, retro-aldol cleavage and benzilic acid rearrangement occur leading to several new products.