cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON THE ENERGIES OF LOW-ENERGY SINGLET AND TRIPLET STATES OF PHENANTHRENE IN POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE

Abstract Environmental effects on energy differences between the ground and low-energy singlet and triplet states of phenanthrene(P) and phenanthrene-d10(P-d10) have been determined from the effects of pressure on the singlet-singlet absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence, and triplet-triplet absorption spectra in the visible and near ultraviolet for polymethylmethacrylate solutions. The average values of the pressure derivatives of the transition frequencies in cm−1-kbar−1 for the 0–0 bands of these spectra are: −8±1 (1Lb abs., P); −22±2 (1La abs., P); −12± 1 (fluor., P); −11±4(phos. P-d10); and −23±2 (T-T abs. P-d.10). These are almost identical to the values of the pressure derivatives of the corresponding transitions in naphthalene and naphthalene-d8 and confirm other observations that the S1-T1 energy difference is approximately independent of environment while other separations have strong environmental dependences. Implications of these results concerning media dependences of nonradiative processes will be described.
Patient driven efforts for quality outcomes and research in head and neck cancer.

e22065Background: Patient-driven research is emerging as a new paradigm that increases the relevance of research efforts, identifies gaps in clinical knowledge, enhances design of studies, and acce...
Characterizing I/O optimization opportunities for array-centric applications on HDFS

An impedance mismatch exists between the increasing sophistication of array-centric analytics and the bytestream-based POSIX interface of parallel file systems. This mismatch is particularly acute in data-intensive scientific applications. This paper examines performance bottlenecks and describes optimizations to alleviate them in the context of computational astronomy pipelines and the Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS). We find that fast data ingestion and intelligent object consolidation promise to accelerate I/O performance by two orders of magnitude.
Characterization of the Effect of Prolonged Therapeutic Hypothermia on Serum Magnesium and Potassium Following Neurological Injury.

Current American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage suggest therapeutic hypothermia (TH) as a salvage therapy in pat...
Under the hood: lay counsellor element use in a modular multi-problem transdiagnostic intervention in lower resource countries.

The use of transdiagnostic mental health treatments in low resource settings has been proposed as a possible aid in scaling up mental health services. Modular, multi-problem transdiagnostic treatments can be used to treat a range of mental health problems and are designed to handle comorbidity. Two randomized controlled trials have been completed on one treatment – the Common Elements Treatment Approach, or CETA – delivered by lay counsellors in Iraq and Thailand. This paper utilizes data from two clinical trials to explore the delivery of CETA by lay providers, examining fidelity and flexibility of element use. Data were collected at every therapy session. Clients completed a short symptom assessment and providers described the clinical elements delivered during sessions. Analyses included descriptive statistics of delivery including selection and sequencing of treatment elements, and the variance in element dose, clustering at the counsellor level, using multi-level models. Results indicate that lay providers in low resource settings (with supervision) demonstrated fidelity to the recommended CETA elements, order and dose, and occasionally added in elements and flexed dosage based on client presentation (i.e. flexibility). This modular approach did not result in significantly longer treatment duration. Our analysis suggests that lay providers were able to learn decision-making processes of CETA based on client presentation and adjust treatment as needed with supervision. As modular multi-problem transdiagnostic treatments continue to be explored in low resource settings, research should continue to focus on ‘unpacking’ lay counsellor delivery of these interventions, decision-making processes, and the level of supervision required.
Treatment of Chronic Idiopathic Systemic Vasculitides

The following review is intended to summarize currently accepted, as well as newly appreciated therapies for the chronic systemic vasculitides. In recent years, a great deal has been learned about enhancement and inhibition of immunoinflammatory phenomena. Biological, immunomodulatory agents with focussed actions are just beginning to be tested in the clinical setting. However, until these promising approaches have been more thoroughly evaluated, it will continue to be necessary to cautiously titrate broadly immunosuppressive medications for the treatment of these disorders.
General Educators' Mainstreaming Preferences That Facilitate Acceptance of Students with Behavioral Disorders and Learning Disabilities.

Using an analogue method, a survey of general educators in a midwestern suburban school district revealed a general willingness to accept in regular settings students with learning disabilities and behavioral disorders, contingent on appropriate mainstreaming modifications. General educators' participation in mainstreaming decision making was an important factor in accepting students with mild disabilities. Respondents also placed more emphasis on decision-making participation than having mandatory mainstreaming modifications in place in the school system. Data are discussed in relation to current issues in the field of education.
Beyoncé in formation: remixing black feminism

Omise'eke Natasha Tinsley published Beyonce in Formation: Remixing Black Feminism in 2018, a title befitting of her roles as Associate Director for the Center of Women and Gender Studies and Associ...
A procedure for determining subject-specific pulse oxygen saturation response

The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve describes the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and the percent of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen and varies with chemical and physical factors that differ for every patient. If variability could be determined, patient-specific oxygen therapy could be administered. We have developed a procedure for characterizing variations in the oxygen dissociation curve. The purpose of this study was to validate this procedure in surgical patients. The procedure uses an automated system to alter oxygen therapy during surgery, within safe operational levels, and fit to Hill's equation non-invasive measurements of end-tidal oxygen and peripheral pulse oxygen saturation. The best-fit parameters for the Hill equation, estimated by iterative least squares, provide an apparent dissociation curve, meaningful of the patient-specific pulse oximeter response. Thirty-nine patients participated in this study. Using patient-specific parameter values increases correlation when compared with standard values. The procedure improved the model fit of patient saturation values significantly in 19 patients. This paper has demonstrated a procedure for determining patient-specific pulse oximeter response. This procedure determined best-fit parameters resulting in a significantly improved fit when compared with standard values. These best-fit parameters increased the coefficient of determination R2 in all cases. Graphical Abstract This patient-specific procedure improves fit significantly compared to standard estimates.
Network output visualization to uncover limitations of deep learning detection of pneumothorax

The overlapping structures in a chest radiograph can make the detection of pneumothorax difficult. In addition, the visual signs of a pneumothorax, including a fine line at the edge of the lung and a change in texture outside the lung, can be subtle. Some published studies have reported high performances using deep learning for the detection of pneumothorax in chest radiographs using the publicly available ChestX-ray8 dataset. However, at the image input sizes these studies used, 256 x 256 or 224 x 224 pixels, the visual signs of a pneumothorax are typically not visible. In this study, radiographs labeled as pneumothorax in the ChestX-ray8 dataset were interpreted by a radiologist and then confirmed using the radiologist-defined truth from a pneumothorax challenge database. In addition, chest radiographs with and without pneumothorax were obtained from our institution and verified. Therefore, the entire dataset of 5,346 radiographs had truth confirmed by two radiologists. The dataset was used for fine-tuning a VGG19 neural network for the task of detecting pneumothorax in chest radiographs. After fine-tuning was complete, network visualization was performed using Grad-CAM to determine the most influential aspects of the radiograph for the network’s classification. It was found that 67% of Grad-CAM heatmaps for correctly classified pneumothorax cases did not have regions of high influence that overlapped with the actual location of the pneumothorax. Overall, the independent test set yielded an AUC of 0.78 (95% confidence interval: 0.74, 0.82) in the task of distinguishing between radiographs with and without pneumothorax.
Syndecan 2 regulates hematopoietic lineages and infection resolution in zebrafish

Syndecan 2 (Sdc2) is a transmembrane cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) that has been implicated in the regulation of cell-cell signaling pathways and cell-matrix interactions. Surprisingly, homozygous recessive maternal zygotic (MZ) sdc2 null mutants in zebrafish appear to have normal development, normal morphology and are viable and fertile in adulthood. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing, FACS analyses, and imaging of transgenic reporter lines that distinguish specific hematopoietic lineages revealed that sdc2 mutants have defects in the specification and proportions of red blood cells and neutrophils that initiate during embryonic hematopoiesis and likely persist through adulthood. During bacterial infections, MZsdc2 mutants have markedly reduced neutrophil recruitment and significantly higher death rates. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) numbers are also significantly reduced in MZsdc2 mutants. In zebrafish, cells that bud off of the ventral region of somites are thought to give rise to the reticular stromal cells of the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) stem cell niche. In MZsdc2 mutants, these budding cells have abberant blebbing morphology associated with widespread apoptosis during induction of HSPCs and with changes in the vascularization and stromal cell structure of the CHT stem cell niche. This suggests that loss of sdc2 disrupts the earliest events of definitive hematopoiesis. Our findings of hematopoietic defects, nascent immune system alterations and inability to resolve infection in sdc2 mutants sets the stage for examining the roles of HSPG genes in a wide range of hematopoietic and immune defects in humans. Key PointsO_LISyndecan 2 regulates the formation of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells, differentiation into hematopoietic populations and the CHT architecture C_LIO_LISyndecan 2 mutants are significantly more susceptible to bacterial infection C_LI
Orientation: Seeing and Sensing Rhetorically

Many visual terms exist in Kenneth Burke’s rhetorical schema, yet the optical implications of such terms remain largely unconsidered by rhetorical scholars. This study presents Burke’s orientation ...
Potential Roles of Total-Body PET/Computed Tomography in Pediatric Imaging

In the current diagnostic paradigm, the substantial physical sensitivity gain is the main advantage of total-body (TB) PET/computed tomography (CT). Therefore, it is up to the imaging community to tailor protocols that take advantage of this unique innovation as it relates to the needs of the pediatric population. However, the paradigm-shifting promise of TB-PET/CT lies in its capability to perform dynamic, delayed, and low-dose imaging, which have the potential to vastly increase the range of diseases and disorders that can be investigated or managed using molecular imaging.
The Report-Research Continuum: A Differentiation Decision-Making Tool for Teachers to Design Rigorous Student Projects.

The purpose of this article is to assist classroom teachers in discerning qualitative differences between a student-written report and student-led research. There are many connotations to the terms...
Transfusion-Related Acute Brain Injury: A Case Report on Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) manifests with a thunderclap headache and reversible vascular abnormalities. Red blood cell transfusions have not been well identified as a risk factor for RCVS. We report a rare case of acute brain injury resulting from RCVS after a packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion. A 49-year-old female with a history of menorrhagia initially presented with generalized weakness. She was found to have a hemoglobin (Hgb) of 1.7 g/dL in the setting of a fundal fibroid for which she received five units of PRBCs. Post transfusion, she complained of several days of thunderclap headache and later returned with new-onset seizures. She was admitted to the neurocritical care unit for the treatment of status epilepticus. Metabolic, infectious and toxic work-up were unremarkable except for an elevated lactate. MRI of the brain with contrast showed extensive bilateral hemispheric and cerebellar white matter T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2/FLAIR) hyperintensities with areas of enhancement. A diagnostic cerebral angiogram was performed to evaluate for a vascular etiology and revealed focal segmental stenoses in bilateral A1 segments of the anterior cerebral arteries and in branches of the bilateral middle cerebral arteries. These findings were suggestive of RCVS. Clinicians should have a high degree of suspicion for RCVS in patients presenting with neurological manifestations, such as thunderclap headache or seizures after recent transfusion. The window for injury may be longer than that seen in other organs, such as in transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).
The Orbitron Maser

The Orbitron Maser uses synthetic atoms in which free electrons orbit positively-charged metallic nuclei. These orbiting electrons interact with the radiation field of a microwave cavity to produce stimulated microwave emission. The difference between our device and ordinary microwave tubes and conventional masers is that it can operate in the difficult range between one centimeter and 0.1 millimeter.
Empirical power comparison of statistical tests in contemporary phase III randomized controlled trials with time-to-event outcomes in oncology.

Background:More than 95% of recent cancer randomized controlled trials used the log-rank test to detect a treatment difference making it the predominant tool for comparing two survival functions. A...
The influence of sex and strain on trace element dysregulation in the brain due to diet-induced obesity

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to identify interaction effects between diet, sex, and strain on trace element dysregulation and gene expression alterations due to diet-induced obesity (DIO) in the hippocampus, striatum, and midbrain. Methods Male and female C57BL/6 J (B6 J) and DBA/2 J (D2 J) mice were fed either a low fat (10 % kcal) diet (LFD) or high fat (60 % kcal) diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, then assessed for trace element concentrations and gene expression patterns in the brain. Results In the hippocampus, zinc was significantly increased by 48 % in D2 J males but decreased by 44 % in D2 J females, and divalent metal transporter 1 was substantially upregulated in B6 J males due to DIO. In the striatum, iron was significantly elevated in B6 J female mice, and ceruloplasmin was significantly upregulated in D2 J female mice due to DIO. In the midbrain, D2 J males fed a HFD had a 48 % reduction in Cu compared to the LFD group, and D2 J females had a 37 % reduction in Cu compared to the control group. Conclusions The alteration of trace element homeostasis and gene expression due to DIO was brain-region dependent and was highly influenced by sex and strain. A significant three-way interaction between diet, sex, and strain was discovered for zinc in the hippocampus (for mice fed a HFD, zinc increased in male D2 Js, decreased in female D2 Js, and had no effect in B6 J mice). A significant diet by sex interaction was observed for iron in the striatum (iron increased only in female mice fed a HFD). A main effect of decreased copper in the midbrain was found for the D2 J strain fed a HFD. These results emphasize the importance of considering sex and genetics as biological factors when investigating potential associations between DIO and neurodegenerative disease.
Predictive Validity of Thin Slices of Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviors: Comparison of Slice Lengths and Rating Methodologies

Thin slices, or excerpts of behavior, are commonly used by researchers to represent behaviors in their full stimulus. The present study asked how slices of different lengths and locations, as well as different measurement methodologies, influence correlations between the measured behavior and different variables (predictive validity). We collected self-rated, perceiver-rated, and objectively measured data on 60 participants who participated in a 5-min interaction with a confederate on video. These videos were split into five 1-min slices and rated for verbal and nonverbal behaviors via global impressions, using the same rater for all five slices and also using a different rater for each slice. For single slices, results indicated no clear pattern for optimal slice locations. In general, single slices had weaker predictive validity than the total. Slices of 2 or 3 min were, in general, equal to 5-min total in predictive validity. The magnitude of correlations was similar when same versus different coders were used, and the predictive validity correlations of the two methods covaried strongly across behavior-outcome variable combinations.
When CAT is not an option: complementary methods of test abbreviation for neurocognitive batteries.

There is an obvious need for efficient measurement of neuropsychiatric phenomena. A proven method—computerized adaptive testing (CAT)—is not feasible for all tests, necessitating alternatives for i...
Development and Application of Instrumented Bicycle and Its Sensing Technology in Condition Assessments for Bike Trails

AbstractThe paper introduces the development of an instrumented bicycle and its sensing technology and presents a mobile app named Instrumented Bike and a Google Cloud website to demonstrate how th...
How Filopodia Respond to Calcium in the Absence of a Calcium-binding Structural Protein: They Use Rapid Transit

During directional locomotion, cells must reorient themselves in response to attractive or repulsive cues. Filopodia are narrow actin-based protrusions whose prevalence at the leading edge of a migrating cell is related to the persistence of locomotion. Although there is a marked absence of calcium-binding components in their structure, they responded to store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Here, we used a two-phase protocol to determine how they responded. In the first phase, extracellular calcium was removed and ER calcium lowered by blocking reuptake through the calcium pump. This was known to activate stromal interacting molecule (STIM) and cause its microtubule-mediated translocation to the cell surface. In the second phase, extracellular calcium and calcium influx into the ER were restored. ER depletion caused filopodia to increase, followed by a spontaneous decrease that was blocked by inhibiting endocytosis. The intracellular calcium concentration increased during depletion, while the size of the exchangeable compartment of vesicles, measured by fluid-phase marker uptake, shrank. When SOCE mediators and the aquaporin, AQP4, were localized, STIM and transient receptor potential canonical (TPRC) channels occupied vesicular profiles side-by-side in linear arrays. STIM1 was translocated, as expected. TRPC1 was initially in a rapidly recycling pool (RRP) where it partially colocalized with Vamp2. Calcium restoration caused TRPC1 exocytosis, while STIM1 reverted toward its original pattern associated with the ER. The exchangeable compartment was restored and this enabled filopodia extension, which was blocked by inhibitors of TRPC1/4/5 and endocytosis. That vesicle recycling was essential for extension during calcium readdition was indicated by reversal of the effect of endocytosis inhibitors in the depletion and readdition phases. The results suggest that SOCE regulates the size of the RRP in epithelial cells, and vesicle recycling is the immediate mechanism affecting filopodia extension. The conclusions are discussed in light of factors regulating protrusion formation, namely surface tension and vesicle trafficking.
Identification and surgical ligation of spinal CSF-venous fistula.

Background CSF-venous fistulas (CVF) may cause incapacitating positional headaches resulting from spontaneous intracranial hypotension/hypovolemia (SIH). Their etiology remains unknown, although unrecognized local trauma may precipitate SIH. In addition, they are diagnostically challenging despite various imaging tools available. Here, we present CVF identification using magnetic resonance myelography (MRM) and elaborate on their surgical management techniques. Methods Retrospective charts of confirmed and treated CVF patients with attention to their diagnostic imaging modalities and management techniques were further reviewed. Results Six cases were identified of which three are presented here. There were two females and one male patient. All had fistulas on the left side. Two were at T7-T8 while the third was at T9-T10 level. Two underwent hemilaminotomies at the T7-T8 while the third underwent a foraminotomy at T9 level to access the fistula site. All CVF were closed with a combination of an aneurysm clip and a silk tie. On follow-up, all had complete resolution of symptoms with no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion Of the various imaging modalities available, MRM is particularly sensitive in localizing CVF spinal nerve level and their laterality. In addition, the technique of aneurysm clip ligation and placement of a silk tie is curative for these lesions.
UNIX Fault Management: A Guide for System Administrators

Maximize UNIX system integrity and availability in mission-critical environments!If you're responsible for maintaining the integrity and availability of a mission-critical UNIX system, then you need UNIX Fault Management: A Guide for System Administrators, the first book that brings together all of the monitoring and fault management information. Expert UNIX system management engineers Brad Stone and Julie Symons show you exactly how to implement appropriate, cost-effective system monitoring on any UNIX server -- including systems configured as high availability clusters. You'll learn how to: Plan for-and establish-cost-effective, reliable system monitoring procedures Monitor systems, disks, networks, applications, and databases Detect, investigate, and recover from server problems Implement best practices for high availability in enterprise-class UNIX installations-including clusters Take advantage of key fault management trends, new standards, and new technologiesThis book contains detailed descriptions of fault monitoring tools and monitoring frameworks to help you make better purchasing decisions. You'll also find a handy quick reference of monitoring tasks and techniques for operators -- including specific, step-by-step recovery solutions. If you can't afford one nanosecond more downtime than necessary, you can't afford to be without UNIX Fault Management.
Gay Panic, Gay Victims, and the Case for Gay Shield Laws

In a highly publicized “gay panic” case, Brandon McInerney shot and killed Larry King in their middle school classroom. King was a self-identified gay student who sometimes wore jewelry and eye makeup to school and, according to those who knew him, was possibly transgender. Tried as an adult for first degree murder, McInerney asserted a heat of passion defense based upon King’s alleged sexual advances. The jury deadlocked, with a majority accepting McInerney’s defense.Drawing largely upon qualitative empirical research, this article uses the Larry King murder case as a prism though which to view the doctrinal, theoretical, and policy bases of the gay panic defense while also examining broader issues concerning violence against LGBTQ victims. Our research reveals one overriding theme common to violent crimes against such victims: The murder case against the killer, Brandon McInerney, evolved into a prosecution of the victim, Larry King. Many jurors blamed King, and the school officials who “allowed” King to defy sex and gender norms, for the murder; one juror went so far as to characterize King’s behavior as “deviant.” We believe that the jurors reached this conclusion largely because the defense offered evidence, including evidence of King’s feminine mannerisms and attire, that had a strong tendency to inflame the jurors’ prejudices. For example, the defense introduced a photograph of King holding a green prom dress, even though the photograph was of little or no probative value. To prevent future gay panic cases from evolving into trials of the victims, we propose a “gay shield” rule of evidence: In cases where the defendant asserts a gay panic defense, the law should limit the trial judge’s ability to admit evidence designed to incite prejudicial responses among jurors. Building upon the law and policy underlying rape shield statutes, gay shield laws would seek to protect crime victims from being re-victimized at trial.
Fast approximate matching between XML documents and schemata

XML has become the standard format for web publishing and data exchange on the Internet. Much research has been done to provide efficient access to relevant information that is ubiquitous on the Web. In this paper, we present an algorithm to find a sequence of top-down edit operations with minimum cost that transforms an XML document such that it conforms to a schema. The minimum cost is based on the tree edit distance with top-down edit operations. It is shown that the algorithm runs in O(p × log p × n), where p is the size of the schema(grammar) and n is the size of the XML document(tree). Experimental studies have also shown that the running time of our algorithm is linear with respect to the size of the XML document when normalized regular hedge grammar is used to specify a schema.
Primary structure of bovine carboxypeptidase B. I. Preparation of enzyme from pancreatic juice.

Pancreatic juice has proved a convenient source for the isolation of bovine carboxypeptidase (Cpase) B and of its zymogen. A procedure is described for the isolation of pro-Cpase B in a yield greater than 80% from lyophilized pancreatic juice by a single Chromatographic step on DEAE-cellulose. The protein was activated by the procedure of Cox et al. [Biochemistry, 1, 1078 (1962)] and Cpase B was recovered by crystallization. The homogeneity of the enzyme prepared in this manner was established by disc electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity measurements, and complete amino acid analysis.
A Characterization of Limiting Distributions of Regular Estimates

We consider a sequence of estimates in a sequence of general estimation problems with a k-dimensional parameter. Under certain very general conditions we prove that the limiting distribution of the estimates, if properly normed, is a convolution of a certain normal distribution, which depends only of the underlying distributions, and of a further distribution, which depends on the choice of the estimate. As corollaries we obtain inequalities for asymptotic variances and for asymptotic probabilities of certain sets, generalizing so some results of J. Wolfowitz (1965), S. Kaufman (1966), L. Schmetterer (1966) and G. G. Roussas (1968).
Beta cell function and BMI in ethnically diverse children with newly diagnosed autoimmune type 1 diabetes

Objective To examine the relationship between BMI and beta-cell function at diagnosis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a large group of ethnically diverse children. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 524 children (60.8% White, 19.5% Hispanic, 14.5% African-American, 5.2% other non-Hispanic; mean age = 9.8 yr [SD = 2.5]) with newly diagnosed autoimmune T1D. Results As much as 22.2% of children were overweight or obese. Median random serum C-peptide was 0.40 ng/mL (25th–75th percentiles = 0.3–0.8), with median glycemia of 366 mg/dL (25th–75th percentiles = 271–505). Median C-peptide was 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.85 ng/mL, respectively, in underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese children (p < 0.0001, Kruskal–Wallis). In the final model (p < 0.0001), the odds of having preserved C-peptide (≥0.6 ng/mL) were increased by 2.4-fold (95% CI = 1.2–4.9, p < 0.015) and 4.1-fold (1.9–8.5, p < 0.0001), respectively, in overweight and obese compared to lean children; 1.3-fold per each year of age; 2.5-fold in girls compared to boys; 4-fold in children who presented without, compared to with, diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA); and decreased by 21% for each point increase in HbA1c. Tanner stage, race/ethnicity, glycemia, and number of anti-islet antibodies expressed were not independently associated with preserved C-peptide. The association between BMI and C-peptide levels was significant in children with and without preserved C-peptide. Excluding patients who presented with DKA and/or using BMI obtained 5 wk after diagnosis did not alter the results. Conclusion Obese and overweight children compared to lean children have greater beta-cell function at the onset of autoimmune T1D. Prospective studies on the relationships among BMI, beta-cell function, and progression to clinical T1D are warranted.
Automatic identification of wind turbine models using evolutionary multiobjective optimization

Abstract Modern industrial-scale wind turbines are nonlinear systems that operate in turbulent environments. As such, it is difficult to characterize their behavior accurately across a wide range of operating conditions using physically meaningful models. Customarily, the models derived from wind turbine data are in ‘black box’ format, lacking in both conciseness and intelligibility. To address these deficiencies, we use a recently developed symbolic regression method to identify models of a modern horizontal-axis wind turbine in symbolic form. The method uses evolutionary multiobjective optimization to produce succinct dynamic models from operational data while making minimal assumptions about the physical properties of the system. We compare the models produced by this method to models derived by other methods according to their estimation capacity and evaluate the trade-off between model intelligibility and accuracy. Several succinct models are found that predict wind turbine behavior as well as or better than more complex alternatives derived by other methods. We interpret the new models to show that they often contain intelligible estimates of real process physics.
Sperm limitation in the sea

Because sperm outnumber eggs, it is often assumed that variation in female reproductive success has little to do with male or sperm availability. Similarly for males, access to viable eggs and sperm competition are thought to drive variation in male fertilization success. These assumptions result from empirical studies on organisms with internal fertilization. However, recent evidence from free-spawning organisms suggests that sperm can often be limiting. This finding may alter our perspective on mating-system evolution, especially in externally fertilizing organisms.
Quantization of gauge field theories on the front form without gauge constraints: The Abelian case.

Recently, we proposed a new front-form quantization which treated both the [ital x][sup +] and the [ital x][sup [minus]] coordinates as front-form times.'' This quantization was found to preserve parity explicitly. In this paper we extend this construction to local Abelian gauge fields. We quantize this theory using a method proposed originally by Faddeev and Jackiw. We emphasize here the feature that quantizing along both [ital x][sup +] and [ital x][sup [minus]] gauge theories does not require extra constraints (also known as gauge conditions'') to determine the solution uniquely.
Facing the true "Fortress Europe": immigrant and politics in the EC.

The author examines the implications for the immigrant population of the European Communitys plans for closer union in 1992. "After considering the positions that European institutions have taken regarding non-citizens political rights in the EC I trace the development of an active immigrant political role at the European level since the early 1970s." (EXCERPT)
Omnipotence and necessary moral perfection: are they compatible?

This paper elaborates and defends an argument for saying that if God is necessarily good (morally perfect in all possible worlds), then He does not have the maximum conceivable amount of power and so is not all-powerful. It considers and rejects several of the best-known attempts to show that necessary moral perfection is consistent with the requirements of omnipotence, and concludes by suggesting that a less than all-powerful person might still be the greatest possible being.Great is your power, and your wisdom is immeasurable. Psalm 147.5
Tuber composition in yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus (L.)) variants

Summary: Resume: Zusammenfassung Yellow nutsedge variants from California, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota and Oklahoma were analysed for intraspecific differences in tuber composition. Tuber size varied from 70 to 710 mg. Carbohydrates ranged from 45 to 77% of tuber dry weight. Starch was the most abundant carbohydrate in all the tubers. The saccharides, fructose, glucose, sucrose and melibiose were found at least in trace quantities in all the tubers; only tubers of the Georgia and Maryland variants contained significant quantities of all four saccharides, and the other three variants containted principally sucrose. Triglycerides constituted more than 80% of the lipids in the tubers. The major acid present in all tubers was oleic. Composition du tubercule chez divers biotypes de Cyperus esculentus (L.) Des biotypes de Cyperus provenant de Californie, de Georgie, de l'Illinois, du Maryland, du Minnesota et de l'Oklahoma ont ete analyses en vue de rechercher des differences intraspecifiques dans la composition du tubercule. Le poids du tubercule a varie de 70 a 710 mg. Les hydrates de carbone representaient de 45 a 77% du poids sec du tubercule. L'amidon a ete l'hydrate de carbone le plus abondant dans tous les tubercules. Les saccharides: fructose, glucose, saccharose et melibiose ont ete trouves au moins a l'etat de traces dans tous les tubercules; seuls les tubercules des biotypes de Georgie et du Maryland contenaient des quantites significatives des quatre saccharides et les trois autres biotypes contenaient principalement du saccharose. Les triglycerides constituaient plus de 80% des lipides des tubercules. Le principal acide gras present dans tous les tubercules etait l'acide oleique. Inhaltsstoffe der Knollen verschiedener Herkunfte von Cyperus esculentus (L.) Herkunfte von Cyperus esculentus aus Kalifornien, Gorgia, Illinois, Maryland und Oklahoma wurden auf Unterschiede in ihrer Knollenzusammensetzung untersucht. Die Knollenge-wichte variierten zwischen 70 und 710 mg. Die Kohlenhydratgehalte schwankten von 45 bis 77% des Knollentrockengewichtes. Starke war in alien Knollen das haufigste Kohlenhydrat. Die Saccharide Fructose, Glucose, Sucrose und Melibiose waren in alien Knollen zumindest in Spuren festzustellen. Lediglich Knollen aus Gorgia und Maryland enthielten grosere Mengen aller 4 Saccharide. DieTestlichen 3 Herkunfte enthielten haupt-sachlich Sucrose. Triglyceride bildeten mehr als 80% der Knol-lenlipide. Die haufigste Fettsaure war Olsaure.
Quantum optical implementation of quantum computing algorithms

We present quantum optical schemes for the implementation of Grover’s search algorithm and the discrete quantum Fourier transform based on resonant atomic interactions with classical fields and dispersive couplings with quantized cavity fields.
Testing for and management of STIs in non-specialist settings

Abstract Non-specialist settings have an increasingly important role in the detection and management of STIs. The incidence of STIs continues to increase in the UK, and government policy has emphasized the role of general practice and other community settings in STI management. It is to be hoped that the GP General Medical Services contract will evolve to support more, and better quality, holistic sexual health services.
Dietary carbon sources of mussels and tubeworms from Galápagos hydrothermal vents determined from tissue 14 C activity

The large quantities of reduced carbon that are required to support the filter-feeding mytilid mussels (Mytilus sp.), vesi-comyid clams (Calyptogena sp.) and various other animals in the Galapagos hydrothermal vent systems are thought to be derived from either the in situ synthesis of particulate organic matter by chemoautotrophic, sulphide-oxidizing bacteria1,2 or by the advection of sedimentary organic carbon into the vent environment from surrounding areas3,4. In contrast, the dense populations of vestimentiferan tubeworms (Riftia pachyptila), which lack mouth organs and digestive tracts, apparently utilize organic carbon synthesized by symbiotic chemoautotrophs5. We present evidence here, based on 14C activities and 13C/12C ratios, that the principal source of dietary carbon for mussels and tubeworms is derived from the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIOC) in the vent effluent waters.
A Numerical Investigation of Low-Level Processes in Rapid Cyclogenesis

Abstract Several physical processes and properties of the initial state that affect marine cyclogenesis are examined using a mesoscale numerical model. The sensitivity of an idealized cyclone to the effects of latent heat release, surface heat and moisture fluxes as well as the initial meridional temperature gradient and static stability is examined by comparing various numerical stimulations of cyclogenesis in a baroclinic channel-flow model. Idealized initial conditions are derived analytically and are characterized by strong low-level baroclinity and a very weak upper-level trough. These initial conditions are used to examine which factors in baroclinic cyclogenesis are most important for rapid development (1 m h−1 for 24 h or more) and how diabatic processes modify the development rate. A strong low-level meridional gradient (40°C/2000 km) and low static stability (a mean lapse rate of 6.0°C km−1) resulted in rapid development of the model cyclone. The model cyclogenesis is more sensitive to small cha...
Hepatic Toxicity and Persistence of ser/thr Protein Phosphatase Inhibition by Microcystin in the Little Skate Raja erinacea

Microcystin-induced ser/thr protein phosphatase (PP) inhibition and toxicity were examined in the little skate (Raja erinacea), an evolutionarily primitive marine vertebrate. As in mammals, PP inhibition and toxicity were exclusively hepatocellular, but were much more persistent in the skate. A dose of 63 μg/kg given iv to adult male skates resulted in the near complete inhibition of hepatic PP activity at 24 h. PP activity was still 95% inhibited 7 days after dosing in skates given 125 μg/kg microcystin. Mortality occurred at doses of 500 μg/kg or more. Hepatic lesions were only seen in animals with fully inhibited PP activity in liver. The histological changes seen at 125 μg/kg were mild periportal inflammatory changes increasing in severity together with hepatocyte necrosis at higher doses of microcystin. Microcystin persisted and could be detected in plasma up to 7 days after dosing. This finding shows that, in the skate, as in mammals, the liver is the only organ capable of uptake of microcystin, since there was no significant inhibition of PP activity in the rectal gland and small decreases in PP activity of the kidney that were not time or dose dependent. In vitro microcystin caused dose-dependent inhibition of PP activity in isolated skate hepatocytes, while it was without effect in cultured rectal glands. Uptake of microcystin and the accompanying inhibition of PP activity in skate hepatocytes was prevented by the addition of a series of organic dyes and bile acids. The spectrum of inhibitors of microcystin uptake in skate is similar to that seen in the rat, indicating common features of the carrier(s) in these diverse species.
Ethyl 5‐(5‐oxo‐2,3‐di­hydro‐5H‐oxazolo­[2,3‐a]­isoindol‐9b‐yl­methyl)‐4‐(2,5,5‐tri­methyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐yl)­isoxazole‐3‐carboxyl­ate: the product of a novel synthetic method

The title compound, C24H28N2O7, is the product of a novel synthetic procedure in which a highly functionalized heterocycle is formed. The crystal packing involves dimers, utilizing non-classical weak C—H⋯O interactions (ca 3.36–3.46 A) and an antiparallel π–π interaction between two of the pseudo-aromatic isoxazole moieties. These dimers are associated into a three-dimensional network via further non-classical hydrogen bonding.
Minimum thickness of a flowing down liquid film on a vertical surface

Abstract The minimum total energy (MTE) criteria for determining the minimum wetting rate and the minimum thickness of an isothermal, thin liquid film flowing down a vertical adiabatic surface are examined. An analytical expression of the profile of a stable liquid rivulet and of the two-dimensional velocity distribution in the rivulet developed using the Ritz method are incorporated into the MTE criterion to improve its predictions of the minimum wetting rate (MWR) and the corresponding minimum liquid film thickness (MLFT). The present predictions of the MWR and MLFT are in good agreement, to within ±10–20%, with experimental data for water and glycerol–water mixtures and with the values calculated from the MWR measurements, respectively. The accuracy of the present predictions is demonstrated for three conditions, namely: (a) incipient breakup of liquid film, (b) formation of a stable dry patch, and (c) rewetting of a dry surface. For the latter the advancing contact angle is substituted for the equilibrium contact angle in the developed analytical expressions for the MLFT and corresponding MWR.
ISOBARIC ANALOG RESONANCES IN PROTON SCATTERING FROM $sup 124$Te, $sup 126$Te, $sup 128$Te, AND $sup 130$Te.

Isobaric analog states have been observed in proton elastic scattering from targets of $^{124}\mathrm{Te}$, $^{126}\mathrm{Te}$, $^{128}\mathrm{Te}$, and $^{130}\mathrm{Te}$. The levels thus observed in $^{125}\mathrm{I}$, $^{127}\mathrm{I}$, $^{129}\mathrm{I}$, and $^{131}\mathrm{I}$ are analogs of low-lying levels of $^{125}\mathrm{Te}$, $^{127}\mathrm{Te}$, $^{129}\mathrm{Te}$, and $^{131}\mathrm{Te}$. Resonance parameters, Coulomb displacement energies, and spectroscopic factors have been extracted. Results are compared with ($d,p$) studies on the target nuclei.
HIGH BRIGHTNESS BEAM APPLICATIONS: ENERGY RECOVERED LINACS

In the first part of the paper some general statements are made regarding applications suitable for utilizing energy recovered linacs (ERLs) by contrasting their potential performance to that of single pass linacs and storage rings. As a result of their potential for extremely good beam quality in combination with high average beam current, ERLs have been used and considered as drivers of both free electron laser and partially coherent photon sources, from THz through X-rays; as a suitable technology for high energy electron cooling; and as a continuous or semi-continuous electron beam source for high energy colliders. At present, beam requirements tend to be highly matched to end use requirements. By reviewing some of the many examples which have either been reduced to practice, or are being explored presently, one can develop an appreciation for the wide range of parameters being considered in ERL applications.
Viruses: Microbial spies and saboteurs

Every virus shares the same mission, to find a suitable host, subvert the host cells into virus-producing factories, and then spread within and to new hosts. A virus that fails at their mission is eliminated. In pursuit of their mission, viruses can be likened to spies and saboteurs. The mission requires that viruses be able to evade or override the molecular alarms, which are set off by viral structures and activities, the roadblocks and traps within the cell that are set to prevent the production of more viruses, and the innate and immune detection and weapon systems dedicated to restrict the replication and spread of these microbial spies. Viral protein synthesis is both the trigger for establishing and a prominent step in virus replication that is targeted by the major roadblocks set up by the cell to counter the viral mission. Successful viruses have developed specific molecular tools to overcome these and other host defenses. Using the espionage analogy, this review will describe the cellular and systemic protections developed by humans against virus replication and spread and the molecular tools that viruses have developed to override or evade these blocks.
The Homeodomain Resource: sequences, structures and genomic information

The Homeodomain Resource is a comprehensive collection of sequence, structure and genomic information on the homeodomain protein family. Available through the Resource are both full-length and domain-only sequence data, as well as X-ray and NMR structural data for proteins and protein‐DNA complexes. Also available is information on human genetic diseases and disorders in which proteins from the homeodomain family play an important role; genomic information includes relevant gene symbols, cytogenetic map locations, and specific mutation data. Search engines are provided to allow users to easily query the component databases and assemble specialized data sets. The Homeodomain Resource is available through the World Wide Web at http:// genome.nhgri.nih.gov/homeodomain
Using outsourcing for strategic competitiveness in small and medium‐sized firms

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an outsourcing matrix and explains how outsourcing can be used to facilitate strategic innovation.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology used in this study is of an explanatory case study. This paper uses secondary data as well as primary data from several interviews with executives, entrepreneurs and industry experts. The combination of the two sources of data ensures a certain level of convergence and completeness in the analysis presented.Findings – The approach suggested in this paper offers small and medium‐sized firms an opportunity to innovate strategically (i.e. creation of newer services and products) and potentially level the playing field with larger rivals.Originality/value – This paper offers practicing managers a framework for using outsourcing as a means to compete effectively. Importantly, compared to the outsourcing literature's traditional focus on large firms, this paper is one of the few which takes the perspective of the small o...
Incorporating Physician Assistants and Physician Extenders in the Contemporary Interventional Oncology Practice

Interventional radiology (IR) has been for the last few years undergoing a transformation from a service oriented to a clinically oriented specialty. With increasing oncologic procedures and patient volume, the balance between quality clinical care, and the time constraints on the busy interventionalist pull in opposing forces. The need for greater clinical support staff in the IR practice is unquestionable. Physician Assistants (and other Physician Extenders) have been in the medical field since the 1960s with intensive clinical training, capabilities of providing patient care and ability to generate revenue income more than justifies their place in the IR. The contemporary model of a clinical orientated service within IR for cancer patients undergoing interventional oncology procedures should include Physician Extenders as a vital part of the team allowing delivery of high-quality patient care.