cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Damage formation during fracture of polystyrene/clay and polystyrene/nanoporous silica nanocomposites

Although clay-based polymer nanocomposites provide enhanced chemical properties, the mechanical properties and in particular, the effects of the nanoscale particles on mechanical properties, are not yet well understood. For this study, two types of raw polystyrene specimens, three polystyrene/clay nanocomposites, and one polystyrene/nanoporous silica nanocomposite were investigated. The nanocomposites differed in that one was produced through mechanical mixing, one through in situ polymerization, and one through exfoliation of the clay. All the clay composites had 5% particulate loading and tensile properties were similar. Standard three-point-bend fracture tests were performed to determine the fracture toughnesses of the different polystyrene nanocomposites and to investigate crack resistance curves. The process zone during crack propagation was observed in situ with an optical stereo microscope and with an optical profilometer. Post-test analysis of the microstructure and fracture surfaces was performed with electron microscopy. For the 5% particle loadings all composite polystyrene systems have lower toughnesses than the raw polystyrene.© 2003 ASME
Generating Polynomials All of Whose Roots Are Real

(1991). Generating Polynomials All of Whose Roots Are Real. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 263-270.
Teachers' Grade-Level Reassignments: Evidence From Michigan.

Teacher churning likely harms student achievement. However, the phenomenon of within-school grade-level teacher reassignments is understudied. The current study provides descriptive evidence on the frequency and predictors of within-school teacher grade switching using both longitudinal administrative data from Michigan and nationally representative survey data. About 7% of self-contained classroom teachers change grades following any given school year. Inexperienced teachers are relatively more likely to switch grades, and grade-level reassignments are inequitably distributed across both schools and students. For example, urban schools experience significantly higher rates of grade switching. Charter schools experience significantly less grade switching than traditional public schools.
Attenuation of pathogenic Rift Valley fever virus strain through the chimeric S-segment encoding sandfly fever phlebovirus NSs or a dominant-negative PKR

Rift Valley fever is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease affecting ruminants and humans. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV: family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus) causes abortions and fetal malformations in ruminants, and hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or retinitis in humans. The live-attenuated MP-12 vaccine is conditionally licensed for veterinary use in the US. However, this vaccine lacks a marker for the differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals (DIVA). NSs gene is dispensable for RVFV replication, and thus, rMP-12 strains lacking NSs gene is applicable to monitor vaccinated animals. However, the immunogenicity of MP-12 lacking NSs was not as high as parental MP-12. Thus, chimeric MP-12 strains encoding NSs from either Toscana virus (TOSV), sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) or Punta Toro virus Adames strain (PTA) were characterized previously. Although chimeric MP-12 strains are highly immunogenic, the attenuation through the S-segment remains unknown. Using pathogenic ZH501 strain, we aimed to demonstrate the attenuation of ZH501 strain through chimeric S-segment encoding either the NSs of TOSV, SFSV, PTA, or Punta Toro virus Balliet strain (PTB). In addition, we characterized rZH501 encoding a human dominant-negative PKR (PKRΔE7), which also enhances the immunogenicity of MP-12. Study done on mice revealed that attenuation of rZH501 occurred through the S-segment encoding either PKRΔE7 or SFSV NSs. However, rZH501 encoding either TOSV, PTA, or PTB NSs in the S-segment uniformly caused lethal encephalitis. Our results indicated that the S-segments encoding PKRΔE7 or SFSV NSs are attenuated and thus applicable toward next generation MP-12 vaccine candidates that encode a DIVA marker.
Locating the ‘Voice of the People’

To examine John Adams’ jurisprudence provides a convenient entree to one strand of legal thought which occupied colonials both during and immediately after the Revolution. His legal thinking contains many of the apparent disparities and inconsistencies in argument that one might expect from any lawyer struggling to legitimate a radical departure from English jurisprudence — a revolution in the law — while remaining within the constraints of the language and existing institutions of the old jurisprudence. Thus while Adams was author of most, and inspirer of all, of the remarkably innovative Massachusetts Constitution — the model for several other state constitutions as well as the Federal one — his political ideas have been equally characterized as out of touch with, even irrelevant to, those of the Federalists who established our constitutional form. In his perceptions of political attitudes toward Britain, Adams seemed to have his finger on the very pulse of colonial radicalism in 1776, when he recognized that the ‘revolution’ in the American mind toward British rule was complete, and ‘that the question was not whether, by a declaration of independence we should make ourselves what we are not, but whether we should declare a fact which already exists; that as to the people or Parliament of England’, Americans had always been independent.1 Yet, in the aftermath of the Revolution, while admitting that the people might institute any government they wished, Adams nevertheless felt compelled to admit his nostalgic hope that ‘they would be wiser, and preserve the English Constitution in its spirit and substance, as far as the circumstances of this country required or would admit’.2
Celery root extract as an inducer of mania induction in a patient on venlafaxine and St John’s Wort

Celery root belongs to a group of plants classified as the umbelliferous family, which contains phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogens are structurally similar to estrogen as they share a pair of hydroxyl groups and phenolic ring, which enables them to bind to estrogen receptors directly, making them a herbal remedy for low estrogen states such as menopause. We present a case of a female patient with depression who was stabilized on venlafaxine and St John's Wort, and who developed a manic episode due to elevated serum venlafaxine levels after she started taking celery extracts for menopausal related issues. We proffer a hypothesis for this unusual occurrence.
Taste as a Social Mediation of Value

This chapter reviews the main arguments of the Dialectic of Taste: that historic conditions have led to a new aesthetic economy, in which subjectivities and communities assembled through taste come to support of the social relations drawn by money. And that, in maintaining money’s position as the prime measure of efficiency, as both the regulator of class and status relations and the determinant of value as such, the efficacy of taste is depreciated. Despite these conditions, it also explains how taste, as an engine of sociality, still works to destabilize the staged equivalency between aesthetic judgment and economic purchase, even to the point of mediating the way value is configured. It concludes by supporting a critical position for Cultural Studies, one that interprets commodities and ideological messages as allegories, whose truth turns on the social question of beauty.
Mixture of interacting supersymmetric spinless fermions and bosons in a one-dimensional trap

We consider a gas mixture consisting of spinless fermions and bosons in one dimension interacting via a repulsive δ-function potential. Bosons and fermions are assumed to have equal masses and the interaction strength between bosons and among bosons and fermions is the same. Using the Bethe ansatz solution of the model, we study the ground state properties, the dressed energy potentials for the two bands of rapidities, the elementary particle and hole excitations, the thermodynamics, the finite size corrections to the ground state energy leading to the conformal towers, and the asymptotic behavior at large distances of some relevant correlation functions. The low-energy excitations of the system form a two-component Luttinger liquid. In an elongated optical trap the gas phase separates as a function of the distance from the center of the trap.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Juvenile chronic segmental spinal muscular atrophy of Hirayama is described in two adult identical twins from the Department of Neurology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT.
Chiral-selective nonlinear optical generation and emission control with plasmonic metamaterials (Conference Presentation)

Metamaterials can be designed to exhibit extraordinarily strong chiral responses. Here we present a chiral metamaterial that produces both distinguishable linear and nonlinear features in the visible to near-infrared range. In additional to the gigantic chiral effects in the linear regime, the metamaterial demonstrates a pronounced contrast between second harmonic responses from the two circular polarizations. Linear and nonlinear images probed with circularly polarized lights show strongly defined contrast. Moreover, the chiral centers of the nanometallic structures with enhanced hotspots can be purposely opened for direct access, where emitters occupying the light-confining regions produce chiral-selective enhancement of two-photon luminescence.
Administration of Vaccines to Infants and Children with Hemophilia. A Survey of the Region III Comprehensive Hemophilia Treatment Centers.

Abstract There appears to be variability in both recommendations and practice regarding the route of administration of immunizations to infants and children with hemophilia. The CDC Advisory Committee on Immunizations, the American Academy of Pediatrics Red Book, and the Medical and Scientific Advisory Council (MASAC) of the National Hemophilia Foundation all recommend intramuscular vaccination; the risk of bleeding can be minimized by concomitant administration of antihemophilic factor. However, informal discussions among practicing hematologists suggest that common practice is subcutaneous administration. METHODS: To determine the standard practice regarding immunizations a survey was completed by 12 Hemophilia Treatment Centers in Federal Region III (Mid-Atlantic states). The number of pediatric patients followed in each institution ranged from 9 to 182 (average 73). RESULTS: All centers have a policy or standard practice regarding the administration of vaccines and 10 of 12 recommend subcutaneous administration of all vaccines. Of the two centers that recommend following manufacturer guidelines one does and one does not routinely recommend concomitant factor administration. One center, whose policy is subcutaneous administration, recommends simultaneous factor administration if the primary care provider insists on intramuscular administration. Half of the centers do not offer immunizations on site; those that do usually offer only hepatitis A and B vaccines. All but one center have seen hematoma formation following immunizations, but none have seen sterile abscesses, necrosis, or granuloma formation. Hematomas have been seen following both subcutaneous and intramuscular injection. Estimates of hematoma formation are difficult to calculate, but one large program (folowing 182 patients) sees about 1 hematoma per year or an estimated 2–5% incidence. CONCLUSION: Contrary to CDC and MASAC guidelines, it is standard practice at most Hemophilia Treatment Centers in Federal Region III to recommend subcutaneous administration of all vaccines without coverage of factor replacement. Hematoma formation is uncommon and can be seen following either subcutaneous or intramuscular administration. There appears to be little indication for prophylactic factor treatment before vaccine administration.
Outcomes and quality-of-life assessment after gastric per-oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (with video)

Background and Aim Gastric per-oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (GPOEM) is emerging as a promising option for the treatment of gastroparesis. This study assessed outcomes and quality of life after GPOEM for gastroparesis, performed in an endoscopy unit at a major tertiary referral center. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients who had undergone GPOEM from June 2015 to July 2016. Data were collected from electronic medical records and included patient demographics, endoscopy records, hospitalization records, clinic visits, and electronic messages. Scores for the Short Form 36 (SF36) and Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) were obtained pre-procedure (16 patients), at 1 month (16 patients), at 6 months (13 patients), and at 12 months (6 patients) after the GPOEM procedure was performed. Results Sixteen consecutive patients, 13 women and 3 men (mean age, 44.76 ± 14.8 years), who underwent GPOEM were enrolled. GPOEM was technically successful in all cases. Thirteen of 16 (81%) patients had a significant improvement in the mean GCSI after GPOEM: 3.40 ± 0.50 before the procedure (16 patients) to 1.48 ± 0.95 ( P = .0001) at 1 month (16 patients), 1.36 ± 0.9 ( P P P = .007) after GPOEM. Conclusions GPOEM results in improvement in the overall symptoms of gastroparesis measured by GCSI, objective assessment of improvement in gastric emptying, and improvement in multiple domains on validated quality-of-life inventories in SF36 over a follow-up period of 6 months.
Selenium Reduction by Batch Cultures of Escherichia coli Strain EWB32213

AbstractBatch studies on selenium reduction were conducted to assess the reduction rate of Se(VI) as well as Se(IV) using Escherichia coli Strain EWB32213 isolated in the laboratory. The rate of Se...
Slow Variations in Fluid Mechanics

A familiar simplifying assumption in continuum mechanics is that the region of interest is thin or slender, so that its properties vary much more slowly in some directions than in others. This idea of slow variations leads to such remarkable simplification that it deserves to be further exploited, extended, and generalized. We illustrate with examples from fluid mechanics how it can be embedded in a systematic scheme of successive approximations. We also assess the penalty that is paid for the simplification—that the result is often found to be purely asymptotic, with zero radius of convergence. Finally, we discuss the practicality of starting from a quasi-conical rather than a quasi-cylindrical approximation.
The Rational Approximation of Small Angles

SummaryCan you approximate small angles between vectors using only rational operations on the coordinates? In two dimensions, yes, with the right trigonometry function. What about more than two dim...
The second epistemic way revisited: Reply to Professor Beard's, ‘Professor Lucas on omniscience’

Dans un article precedent, l'A. a montre la validite logique d'arguments qui tendent a conclure a l'existence d'un etre omniscient. Ici, l'A. voudrait exposer les enjeux pertinents qu'impliquent ces arguments. Sa reflexion est nee des objections du Professeur Beard qui a refute la revision de la Seconde Voie Epistemique. La premiere partie de l'article est consacree a une contre-refutation. La deuxieme section presente quelques interpretations formelles de l'insurpassabilite epistemique et de l'omniscience. La troisieme montre en quoi il faut reviser la Seconde Voie Epistemique du Professeur Beard. La derniere conclut par des remarques generales sur la fonction des arguments d'existence en philosophie de la religion
Child Marriage in the United States: How Common Is the Practice, And Which Children Are at Greatest Risk?

CONTEXT Marriage before the age of 18, commonly referred to as child marriage, is legal under varying conditions across the United States. The prevalence of child marriage among recent cohorts is unknown. METHODS American Community Survey data for 2010-2014 were used to estimate the average national and state-level proportions of children who had ever been married. Prevalence was calculated by gender, race and ethnicity, and birthplace, and the living arrangements of currently married children were examined. RESULTS Approximately 6.2 of every 1,000 children surveyed had ever been married. Prevalence varied from more than 10 per 1,000 in West Virginia, Hawaii and North Dakota to less than four per 1,000 in Maine, Rhode Island and Wyoming. It was higher among girls than among boys (6.8 vs. 5.7 per 1,000), and was lower among white non-Hispanic children (5.0 per 1,000) than among almost every other racial or ethnic group studied; it was especially high among children of American Indian or Chinese descent (10.3 and 14.2, respectively). Immigrant children were more likely than U.S.-born children to have been married; prevalence among children from Mexico, Central America and the Middle East was 2-4 times that of children born in the United States. Only 20% of married children were living with their spouses; the majority of the rest were living with their parents. CONCLUSIONS Child marriage occurs throughout the country. Research on the social forces that perpetuate child marriage is needed to inform efforts to prevent it.
A risky business: managing and mitigating risks for service-learning projects for an information systems capstone two-course sequence

This paper describes an Information Systems/Information Technology two-course Systems Analysis and Design capstone sequence where student teams participate in a service-learning project. Community non-profit or service organizations provide the systems need where student consultants show their lessons learned. While a great percentage of students complete the course requirements the quality of project they are able to deliver varies greatly. Risk of project failure is inherent in any real-world service-learning project. How a student team manages and mitigates that project failure is as important as other lessons learned in this two course capstone sequence. An identification of various project risks related to community client-based projects will be presented to provide guidance to instructors approving Service-Learning proposals and assisting student teams to manage and mitigate risks as they arise.
Technical brief: Constant intense light exposure to lesion and initiate regeneration in normally pigmented zebrafish

Zebrafish are capable of robust and spontaneous regeneration of injured retina. Constant intense light exposure to adult albino zebrafish specifically causes apoptosis of rod and cone photoreceptor cells and is an excellent model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying photoreceptor regeneration. However, this paradigm has only been applied to lesion zebrafish of the nonpigmented albino genetic background, which precludes the use of numerous transgenic reporter lines that are widely used to study regeneration. Here, we explored the effectiveness of constant intense light exposure in causing photoreceptor apoptosis and stimulating regeneration in normally pigmented zebrafish retinas. We show that constant intense light exposure causes widespread photoreceptor damage in the dorsal-central retinas of pigmented zebrafish. Photoreceptor loss triggers dedifferentiation and proliferation of Muller glia as well as progenitor cell proliferation. We also demonstrate that the timeline of regeneration response is comparable between the albino and the pigmented retinas.
Patients’ education about a new service available at Memorial Sloan Kettering Multidisciplinary Clinic for frail patients with central nervous system cancers.

146Background: A multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) is a pilot project in the MSK Department of Neurology designed to improve quality of care and patient satisfaction. The MDC enables the patient to receive coordinated care from multiple providers (eg a physical therapist, physiatrist, nutritionist, social worker, case manager, spiritual advisor, and neurologist) in one location in one longer visit. This approach is new, and few patients (pts) have had the opportunity to experience the MDC. We hypothesized that giving the patient information about the MDC will increase the MDC volume. Methods: This is a prospective quality improvement study from June 14, 2018 to July 20, 2018 conducted in four Neuro-Oncology clinics. Pts with primary or metastatic central nervous system (CNS) cancers were identified prior to the visits in their regular oncology clinic. Pts were asked if they were interested in receiving verbal or written information (brochure) about the MDC. For each patient, we recorded if they agreed to rec...
Image Variability Decomposition for Recovering Pose and Illumination from Object Tracking

As an object moves through space, it changes its orientation relative to the viewing camera and relative to light sources which illuminate it. As a consequence, the images of the object produced by the viewing camera may change dramatically. Thus to successfully track a moving object using computer vision, image changes due to varying pose and illumination must be accounted for. In this paper, we develop a method for object tracking that can not only accommodate large changes in object pose and illumination, but can recover these parameters as well. To do this, we separately model the image variation of the object produced by changes in pose and illumination. To track the object through each image in the sequence, we then locally search the models to find the best match, recovering the object’s orientation and illumination in the process. Throughout, we present experimental results, achieved in real-time, demonstrating the effectiveness of our methods.
Not quite monoracial: Biracial stereotypes explored.

Stereotypes often guide our perceptions of members of social groups. However, research has yet to document what stereotypes may exist for the fastest growing youth demographic in the United States—...
Community Outreach and the Discovery HPC Cluster: An Analysis of User Profiles and Growth

High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters can serve as a catalyst for university research by providing powerful computational resources. Equilibrium between available computing resources and user demand is a prerequisite for an economical and efficient HPC cluster. While use of the New Mexico State University HPC cluster, Discovery, is growing, there are still many users that do not know that the cluster exists. Moreover, researchers are often hesitant to start using Discovery, as learning how to use the command line or job scheduler can be intimidating. Inefficient or erroneous cluster use is often rooted in a lack of user training, potentially dawdling staff due to troubleshooting, and therefore further deterring users from using the HPC.The Discovery team raises campus awareness through outreach and offers timely guidance to prospective users of the system. Campus outreach aims to educate and attract new HPC users through a variety of methods. These include advertising Discovery directly to faculty and graduate students, teaching undergraduate students how to use the HPC as part of their coursework, promoting the system at university technology demonstrations, and hosting campus workshops.The goal of the research is to assess impact of outreach activities on Discovery use. Further, the Discovery team seeks to better understand prospective users, both in terms of their areas of expertise and previous HPC knowledge. The research findings hold implications for shaping future outreach efforts and increasing campus HPC utilization.
In vitro metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoids PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3 by high-resolution mass spectrometry and their clearance rates in human liver microsomes.

Rationale N-(1-Amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamine (PX-1), N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (PX-2), and N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (PX-3) are scheduled synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). Due to the lack of metabolism data and the extensive metabolism of SCs, consumption of these illicit substances is challenging to prove. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3 and propose marker metabolites to confirm their use. Methods PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3 were incubated in pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) to evaluate the phase I metabolites which were identified using a Q-Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Metabolic stability studies were also performed to investigate the half-life and clearance rates using an Agilent 6470A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Results The calculated half-lives were 15.1 ± 1.02, 3.4 ± 0.27, and 5.2 ± 0.89 min for PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3, respectively, in HLM. The calculated intrinsic clearance values were 0.046, 0.202, and 0.133 mL/min/mg for PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3, respectively. Four metabolites of PX-1, six metabolites of PX-2, and five phase I metabolites of PX-3 were detected. Oxidative deamination was the common biotransformation between the three compounds and there were no common metabolites. Conclusions The metabolic profiles of PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3 provide valuable information for the detection of their metabolites in forensic samples.
"I don't know" needs to be followed by "perhaps we can find out".

Abbasi acknowledges that admitting “I don’t know” can be the trigger for more nuanced and honest conversations, especially with patients.1 This is both brave and wise. There is little …
A CURE for a Major Challenge in Phenomics: A Practical Guide to Implementing a Quantitative Specimen-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

The measurement and analysis of phenotypes is often a rate-limiting step for many integrative organismal studies but engaging undergraduate researchers can help overcome this challenge. We present a practical guide to implementing a quantitative specimen-based Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE), which trains students to collect phenotypic data and mentors them through the entire scientific process using the data they help to collect. Direct access to specimens is not necessary to implement this undergraduate research experience, as recent efforts to digitize museum collections along with online image archives allow data extraction to take place in any classroom. We focus in particular on hypothesis development and quantitative skills, as they are essential for modern biological discovery but are rarely emphasized in traditional lecture-based classes. We have implemented this experience, focusing on collecting and analyzing body shape data across fishes, at two institutions with a total of 39 students. It has so far resulted in 14 talks and 4 posters presented by students at local symposia and 2 scientific papers in preparation with undergraduate co-authors. Moreover, the students had a positive experience that, according to their own assessment, improved their critical thinking and analytical skills as well as their knowledge of science and the scientific process.
Intercostal artery embolization to induce false lumen thrombosis in type B aortic dissection.

Abstract Persistent false lumen flow is common after thoracic endovascular aortic repair of type B aortic dissection and may contribute to continued aortic aneurysmal degeneration. We report an innovative technique of intercostal artery embolization within the false lumen for a patient who had incomplete false lumen thrombosis and progressive aortic enlargement after thoracic endovascular aortic repair of chronic type B aortic dissection. Technical success was facilitated by use of on-table cone beam computed tomography angiography, virtual vessel marking, and modern endovascular tools. The patient had no complications from the procedure. Postoperative imaging demonstrated complete thoracic false lumen thrombosis and favorable aortic remodeling with reduction in maximal aortic diameter.
Repetition in Performance: Returns and Invisible Forces: by Eirini Kartsaki London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, xii + 169 pp, ISBN 9781137430533 (hardback)

Early in Repetition in Performance, Eirini Kartsaki writes: ‘[t]his book poses the following question: what types of pleasure does repetition make possible?’ (14). Repetition is both the subject an...
The Fractional Mineral Deed 'Subject to' a Lease

This article analyzes the difficulty in construing mineral deeds made subject to an existing lease as pointed out in Garrett v. Dils Co., 299 S.W.2d 904 (Tex. Sup. Ct. 1957).
Scaling Issues in the Measurement of Monolayer Films

An atomic force microscope (AFM), a surface forces apparatus (SFA), and a ball-on- inclined plane (BOIP) apparatus were used to measure the mechanical properties of thin lubricant films. The frictional force of a set of four samples with different lubricant chemistries was measured by an AFM using a conventional sharp silicon nitride tip. Very little difference was observed among the different chemistries. A careful study using different tip sizes on two model compounds on mica was compared to results obtained with the SFA and suggested a tip size effect (scaling issue).
[α1(III)]3 Human Skin Collagen RELEASE BY PEPSIN DIGESTION AND PREPONDERANCE IN FETAL LIFE

Human dermis was digested with pepsin under conditions that maintain the helical conformation of the bulk of the collagen. Molecules containing α1(III) chains were separated from [α1(I)]2α2 collagen by differential salt precipitation at pH 7.5, with the use of the peptides produced by CNBr cleavage to monitor the composition of each fraction. The isolated molecules are composed of three α1(III) chains, and these chains are cross-linked by disulfide bonds. Exposure to dithiothreitol liberates the three apparently identical chains, and these elute on carboxymethylcellulose chromatography at a position intermediate between α1(I) and α2. The pepsin-resistant portion of these chains is the same size as that of previously isolated collagen chains. Human dermis was also digested with CNBr, and resultant α1(I) and α1(III) peptides were separated chromatographically. The relative quantities of these peptides indicate that α1(III) chains predominate in early fetal skin, but by birth and in later life α1(I) chains are approximately 3 times as plentiful.
Viaggio Intorno al Gusto: L'Odissea della Sensibilità Occidentale dalla Società di Corte all'Edonismo di Massa

(2011). Viaggio Intorno al Gusto: L'Odissea della Sensibilita Occidentale dalla Societa di Corte all'Edonismo di Massa. Fashion Practice: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 131-136.
Transport of Ca2+ from Sarcoplasmic Reticulum to Mitochondria in Rat Ventricular Myocytes

Studies with electron microscopy have shown that sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) andmitochondria locate close to each other in cardiac muscle cells. We investigated the hypothesis thatthis proximity results in a transient exposure of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (CaUP) to highconcentrations of Ca2+ following Ca2+ release from the SR and thus an influx of Ca2+into mitochondria. Single ventricular myocytes of rat were skinned by exposing them to aphysiological solution containing saponin (0.2 mg/ml). Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c)and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m) were measured with fura-2 and rhod2,respectively. Application of caffeine (10 mM) induced a concomitant increase in[Ca2+]c and [Ca2+]m.Ruthenium red, at concentrations that block CaUP but not SR release, diminished thecaffeine-induced increase in [Ca2+]m but not[Ca2+]c. In the presence of 1 mM BAPTA, a Ca2+ chelator,the caffeine-induced increase in [Ca2+]m was reduced substantially less than [Ca2+]c. Moreover,inhibition of SR Ca2+ pump with two different concentrations of thapsigargin caused anincrease in [Ca2+]m, which was related to the rate of [Ca2+]c increase. Finally, electronmicroscopy showed that sites of junctions between SR and T tubules from which Ca2+ is released,or Ca2+ release units, CRUs, are preferentially located in close proximity to mitochondria.The distance between individual SR Ca2+ release channels (feet or ryanodine receptors) isvery short, ranging between approximately 37 and 270 nm. These results are consistent withthe idea that there is a preferential coupling of Ca2+ transport from SR to mitochondria incardiac muscle cells, because of their structural proximity.
Effect of Dietary Arginine Level on Urinary Orotate and Citrate Excretion in Growing Kittens

Three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of dietary arginine on urinary orotic acid excretion and the relationship between orotic aciduria and the cat's dietary arginine requirement. In the first experiment, diets containing 1.66 or 0.83% arginine were compared for their ability to sustain growth and food intake and prevent orotic aciduria. Growth and food intake were similar for each diet but the cats fed the 0.83% arginine excreted seven times as much orotic acid as those fed the 1.66% arginine. In the second experiment, diets containing 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0% arginine were compared for their ability to support growth and food intake and to prevent citric and orotic aciduria. Growth and food intake were optimized with arginine as 0.8% of the diet. Over the range of 0.4--1% arginine, orotic acid excretion was inversely related to the level of arginine, also orotate excretion of cats fed all levels of arginine was greater than that recorded in cats given 1.66% dietary arginine. The estimated level of dietary arginine required to minimize orotic acid excretion was 1.05%, which is 0.3% in excess of that required for maximum growth. Citrate excretion did not respond to dietary arginine level. In the third experiment, cats receiving a commercial cat food containing 1.74% arginine did not show orotic aciduria.
Optimality of decision rules in human audio/visual signal detection

The theory of signal detection in psychology and the theory of optimal signal detection in statistical theory are compared. Differences between the two are often thought to be inconsequential. However, under a close analysis, this turns out not to be true. A basis for empirical tests is some results in distribution theory. These are used to characterize the kind of linear additive model that is most consistent with the data, which suffices to discriminate between several different decision processes. Once this choice is made, the theorist obtains a model that predicts both the detection decision and the feeling of confidence that accompanies it. >
Thrombospondin-1 null mice exhibit enhanced microvessel endothelium dependent vasodilation, reduced adrenergic sensitivity (676.10)

Thrombospondin-1 null mice exhibit enhanced microvessel endothelium dependent vasodilation, reduced adrenergic sensitivity The extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin -1 (TSP-1), is an antagoni...
The client as learner and the clinician as teacher: Working with an educational lens

Abstract This article highlights the social worker's role as educator and how that role relates to clinical practice. The educational component of practice is not grounded in a substantial theoretical, research, or practice literature, and yet teaching is a nascent role for most clinicians. For the most part, the educational aspects of clinical practice have languished, at least from a theoretical perspective, in the shadow of therapy. In this paper we advocate for developing and articulating the clinician/teacher role in order to support effective use of the learning relationship as a dynamic and necessary means for assisting clients in managing life transitions, developmental challenges, and adversity. We propose the use of an educational lens derived from the fields of education, developmental psychology, and cognitive science, to provide perspective from which the client is viewed as learner, and the client‐work relationship is seen as an educational transaction. We highlight the transformative power ...
Genetic approaches to invertebrate neurogenesis.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the genetic methods that have been applied to the study of invertebrate nervous systems. Genetic approaches to invertebrate neurogenesis have followed the two general directions. On the one hand, a few species for which isogenic strains are available have been studied to answer basic questions, such as (a) how invariant certain parameters of the nervous system among isogenic organisms are, (b) how invariant is the sequence of developmental events in these organisms is, and (c) how neurons, whose genes are identical, respond to altered developmental conditions. On the other hand, a number of mutations affecting nerve structure and function have been isolated in nematodes and insects, and some analyses of their development have been undertaken. The chapter reviews some of the exciting developments that are beginning to come out of this rather young field of neurobiology, a field that appropriately has been named “neurogenetics.” Various aspects of this field have been the subject of a number of recent reviews. Many of the questions addressed by the work on invertebrates are reviewed and explored on mouse mutants and chimeras.
Obesity, Intrapancreatic Fatty Infiltration, and Pancreatic Cancer

Obesity and intrapancreatic fatty infiltration are associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer and its precursor lesions. The interplay among obesity, inflammation, and oncogenic Kras signaling promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis. Targeting the interaction between obesity-associated inflammation and Kras signaling may provide new strategies for prevention and therapy of pancreatic cancer.
Linear clutter removal from urban panoramas

Panoramic images capture cityscapes of dense urban structures by mapping multiple images from different viewpoints into a single composite image. Once challenge to their construction is that objects that lie at different depth are often not stitched correctly in the panorama. The problem is especially troublesome for objects occupying large horizontal spans, such as telephone wires, crossing multiple photos in the stitching process. Thin lines, such as power lines, are common in urban scenes but are usually not panoramas of urban environments often include "dented" or "broken" wires. This paper presents an automatic scheme for detecting and removing such thin linear structure from panoramic images. Our results show significant visual clutter reduction from municipal imagery while keeping the original structure of the scene and visual perception of the imagery intact.
Coset decomposition in lattices yields sample-block number systems

The representation of a scalar by a sequence of digits weighted by powers of some radix is here generalized to vectors. The radix becomes a matrix, and its powers are applied to digits that are vectors taken from a lattice. Familiar notions of overflow and truncation error apply, and the familiar two's-complement approach to representing vectors on the "wrong side" of zero generalizes cleanly. Blocking 1D samples into vectors before conversion to these vector number systems can yield advantages in computational efficiency related to the packing efficiency of lattice points, much as data communication is improved by error-correcting block codes, a closely related topic.
Unifying soil respiration pulses, inhibition, and temperature hysteresis through dynamics of labile soil carbon and O2

Event-driven and diel dynamics of soil respiration (Rs) strongly influence terrestrial carbon (C) emissions and are difficult to predict. Wetting events may cause a large pulse or strong inhibition of Rs. Complex diel dynamics include hysteresis in the relationship between Rs and soil temperature. The mechanistic basis for these dynamics is not well understood, resulting in large discrepancies between predicted and observed Rs. We present a unifying approach for interpreting these phenomena in a hot arid agricultural environment. We performed a whole ecosystem wetting experiment with continuous measurement of Rs to study pulse responses to wetting in a heterotrophic system. We also investigated Rs during cultivation of Sorghum bicolor to evaluate the role of photosynthetic C in the regulation of diel variation in Rs. Finally, we adapted a Rs model with sensitivity to soil O2 and water content by incorporating two soil C pools differing in lability. We observed a large wetting-induced pulse of Rs from the fallow field and were able to accurately simulate the pulse via release of labile soil C. During the exponential phase of plant growth, Rs was inhibited in response to wetting, which was accurately simulated through depletion of soil O2. Without plants, hysteresis was not observed; however, with growing plants, an increasingly significant counterclockwise hysteresis developed. Hysteresis was simulated via a dynamic photosynthetic C pool and was not likely controlled by physical processes. These results help characterize the complex regulation of Rs and improve understanding of these phenomena under warmer and more variable conditions.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Self-Healing Autonomic Systems

Benchmarks are a central force in engineering progress, providing the objective ability to quantify improvement and justify design decisions. In previous work, we brought together the concepts of benchmarks and autonomic computing, describing a vision of benchmarks that quantitatively evaluate a computing system along the four core autonomic dimensions of self-healing, self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-protection. In this paper, we describe our experience with implementing a practical benchmark for the self-healing dimension of autonomic capability, which goes beyond simple measures of fault tolerance by including a measure of autonomic maturity. Our benchmark is capable of quantifying the autonomic self-healing capability of complex, production-scale enterprise solutions based on J2EE middleware (and indeed is currently being used for such purposes)
Trans-Amazon dispersal potential for Crotalus durissus during Pleistocene climate events

Two disjunct distributional areas of Crotalus durissus (Neotropical rattlesnake) are in open habitats north and south of the Amazon Basin and are presently separated by humid rainforest habitats. We used ecological niche modeling to identify and investigate potential dispersal pathways for this species between the two areas during the late Pleistocene. Niches estimated for the two populations did not differ significantly. Our analyses indicated two possible, but a single most likely, potential routes of dispersal during the last glacial cycle. These results are important to understanding the history of Amazon Basin humid forest biotas, as they suggest agents of isolation among putative humid forest refugia in the form of dry forest and scrub, and associated biotas.
Ion beam properties for ECR ion source injector systems

Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources are essential components of heavy-ion accelerators due to their ability to produce the wide range of ions required by these facilities. The ever-increasing intensity demands have led to remarkable performance improvements of ECR injector systems mainly due to advances in magnet technology as well as an improved understanding of the ECR ion source plasma physics. At the same time, enhanced diagnostics and simulation capabilities have improved the understanding of the injector beam transport properties. However, the initial ion beam distribution at the extraction aperture is still a subject of research. Due to the magnetic confinement necessary to sustain the ECR plasma, the ion density distribution across the extraction aperture is inhomogeneous and charge state dependent. In addition, the ion beam is extracted from a region of high axial magnetic field, which adds a rotational component to the beam, which leads to emittance growth. This paper will focus on the beam properties of ions extracted from ECR ion sources and diagnostics efforts at LBNL to develop a consistent modeling tool for the design of an optimized beam transport system for ECR ion sources.
Tangling the web: deception in online research.

The Internet revolution continues to affect all facets of society, and health care is no exception. Eighty-one percent of adults in the United States use the Internet, and 59% have searched online ...
Production of possible recombination intermediates by an ATP-dependent DNAase.

ATP-DEPENDENT DNAases have been found in several bacteria (Escherichia coli1–4, Micrococcus lysodeikticus5, Diplococcus pneumoniae6, Haemophilus influenzae7–11, Mycobacterium smegmatis12 and Bacillus laterosporus13) and are thought to be “recombination enzymes”. This is based on the observations that recombination deficient recB and C mutants of E. coli14,15 are deficient in an ATP-dependent DNAase activity and that D. pneumoniae mutants deficient in this enzyme show decreased levels of genetic transformation16. The DNAases from E. coli2–4 and H. influenzae7–11 have in common the ability to degrade double-stranded DNA exonucleolytically and single-stranded DNA endonucleolytically, while at the same time hydrolysing large amounts of ATP to ADP.
Biomolecular computing: Learning through play

Solutions of DNA-based molecules can be taught to play a simple game in a process that does not require the operator to be familiar with the underlying molecular programming.
The development of electronic surveys: a computer language‐based method

An important development in the processing and formatting of text has been the creation and use of markup languages, especially with the increased interest in electronic publishing and the Internet. An area being given particular attention has been the use of descriptive markup languages, which allow one to describe a text element or document in a way which is independent of its final output and form. One area which deserves greater attention in this regard is the creation of survey questionnaires, and any comprehensive markup language standard should include markups for supporting this application. This paper examines this need, and explains why a markup language approach would properly support the survey application and how it would extend the utility of the markup approach. A set of markups for survey creation are proposed which would serve as extensions to existing markup standards. The advantages and benefits of markup command languages as compared to traditional direct‐manipulation WYSIWYG approaches are also discussed.
Urbanization effects on watershed habitat potential: a multivariate assessment of thresholds and interactions

A watershed-based assessment is used to assess the effect of urbanization on vertebrate habitat potential in Westfield River Watershed in Massachusetts, USA. A spatial analysis is used to develop urban indicators and habitat potential for each subbasin in the watershed. It is observed that threshold effect of urbanization on habitat potential of vertebrates is at 10 to 12 percent impervious cover. Amphibian habitat is influenced by available open space and land use disturbance in the watershed. The reptile habitat is sensitive to impervious coverage and land use disturbance, and decreased with fragmentation. The habitat for birds is influenced by land use disturbance, human population densities, size of forest patch, and open space in the watershed. Mammal habitat is influenced by human population density, land use disturbance, and fragmentation. A watershed-based assessment is useful to identify critical areas of high urban influence. Threshold values and nature of interactions between urbanization and habitat are assessed and used in policy recommendations. Policies and practices that minimize effects of urbanization in the watershed include impervious taxes, zoning policies, and open space protection. The need for provision of education and information on the relationship between urbanization and habitat potential is emphasized for sustainable use of watershed resources. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information technology and corporate strategy

There is no question that the new Information Technologies (IT) are having a major impact on the range of strategic options open to an organization. IT is not only creating an environment that is making it imperative for organizations to evolve, it is also helping them adjust to the enormous changes outside their own boundaries.