cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WEST: Cloning data cache behavior using Stochastic Traces

Cache designers need an in-depth understanding of end user workloads, but certain end users are apprehensive about sharing code or traces due to the proprietary or confidential nature of code and data. To bridge this gap, cache designers use a reduced representation of the code (a clone). A promising cloning approach is the black box approach, where workloads are profiled to obtain key statistics, and a clone is automatically generated. Despite its potential, currently there are no highly accurate black box cloning methods for replicating data cache behavior. We propose Workload Emulation using Stochastic Traces (WEST), a highly accurate black box cloning technique for replicating data cache behavior of arbitrary programs. First, we analyze what profiling statistics are necessary and sufficient to capture a workload. Then, we generate a clone stochastically that produces statistics identical to the proprietary workload. WEST clones can be used in lieu of the workload for exploring cache sizes, associativities, write policies, replacement policies, cache hierarchies and co-scheduling, at a significantly reduced simulation time. We use a simple IPC model to control the rate of accesses to the cache hierarchy. We evaluated WEST using CPU2006 and BioBench suites over a wide cache design space for single core and dual core CMPs. The clones achieve an average error in miss ratio of only 0.4% across 1394 single core cache configurations. For co-scheduled mixes, WEST achieves an average error in miss ratio of only 3.1% for over 600 configurations.
The Strategic Role of Producer Services in Regional Development

In recent years, employment in services, especially in producer services, has expanded rapidly in the United States. Meanwhile, employment in manufacturing has remained relatively constant, although the proportion of production workers in manufacturing has declined. A common belief is that these phenomena have adversely affected productivity because most productivity gains are made in the direct production of goods. This view fails to take into account the complex nature of production organization in an economy increasingly based on flexible production, knowledge, information, and communications. Producer services, through their sophisticated interactions with goods production and other service activities, have been playing a strategic role in increasing productivity. Moreover, producer services are frequently exported and can provide a catalyst for regional development. There needs to be greater recognition of, and more research on, the nature and significance of productivity-enhancing interactions among...
Private Time and Public Time: The Temporal Structure of Social Accessibility and Professional Commitments

This paper highlights the temporal aspects of social accessibility, demonstrating that time is a major dimension of social organization along which both privacy and professional commitments are defined in modern society. An analysis of the temporal structure of professional commitments within the domain of health care, leads to the claim that the temporally rigid way in which most professional commitments are defined today is one of the key characteristics of modern social organization. A general conceptual scheme, constructed around the temporal structure of social accessibility, is evaluated in terms of its use in helping us identify and differentiate various occupational roles as well as various status rankings within stratification systems. The symbolic significance of the temporal organization of social accessibility is stressed-both in general, and for professional commitments in particular.
The efficiency of methods for measuring A/D converter linearity

In this paper, the efficiency of three methods commonly used to measure the linearity characteristics of precision Nyquist-rate analog-to-digital (A/D) converters is evaluated. The efficiency of each method, which is determined by the time required to obtain linearity estimates at a specified level of accuracy, is compared to the maximum efficiency that is theoretically achievable, as given by the Cramer-Rao bound. Simulation results are presented for two open-loop measurement methods, the tally and weight method and the code density method, demonstrating that the code density method obtains an efficiency close to the theoretical optimum over a wide range of measurement times and converter noise levels, whereas the tally and weight method falls short of the optimum for converters with noise levels exceeding 1/4 LSB. The efficiency of the servo loop method, a common closed-loop method for measuring linearity, is similarly evaluated, and is found to fall short of the maximum efficiency that is theoretically achievable in the closed-loop configuration. A modified closed-loop measurement method is described that obtains an efficiency close to the theoretical optimum through the use of maximum-likelihood estimation.
Myocardial Performance after Excision of the Extrinsic Cardiac Nerves in the Dog

• The performance of the heart in the intact subject is determined by the complex interplay of cardiac and extracardiac factors; the initial length of the myocardial fibers and the state of activity of the cardiac autonomic nerves are most important. The profound changes in cardiac behavior that attend excitation of the cardiac autonomic nerves have led to the concept of neurogenic dominance in the control of cardiac output, particularly in situations that strongly constrain the cardiovascular system. This concept is basic to an evaluation of the mechanisms by which the heart responds to changes in the peripheral circulation and has important implications in clinical cardiac transplantation. In this review, the behavior of the denervated heart in different stressful situations is considered; the presentation is limited to studies in which dogs have been chronically deprived of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The role of cardiac receptors and their afferent innervation has recently been reviewed and is not discussed in this paper (1, 2). TECHNIQUES OF CARDIAC DENERVATION
Iron absorption from ferrous bisglycinate and ferric trisglycinate in whole maize is regulated by iron status.

Background: There is a need to determine whether iron absorption from iron amino acid chelates is protected from inhibition by dietary phytate and regulated normally by iron status. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare iron absorption from ferrous sulfate ferrous bisglycinate and ferric trisglycinate in whole-maize meal; to determine whether iron from ferrous bisglycinate and ferrous sulfate exchanges in the intestinal pool; and to assess iron absorption from ferrous bisglycinate and ferric trisglycinate over a range of iron statuses. Design: In study 1A 10 iron-sufficient men consumed ferrous sulfate-fortified whole maize meal porridge equilibrated with (59)Fe-sulfate on day 1 and (55)Fe-bisglycinate on day 2. In study 1B these volunteers consumed ferrous sulfate-fortified porridge equilibrated with (59)Fe-sulfate and (55)Fe-bisglycinate simultaneously. In studies 2A and 2B iron absorption from 3 mg Fe as (59)Fe-ascorbate (55)Fe-bisglycinate or (59)Fe-trisglycinate in water and in porridge was compared in 23 subjects with a range of iron statuses. Iron absorption was determined from blood radioactivity on day 16. Results: In study 1A geometric mean iron absorption from ferrous bisglycinate was 6.0% (range: 2.6 - 13.6%) 4 times higher than that from ferrous sulfate (1.7%; range: 1.0-3.3%; P<0.05). In study 1B absorption from neither source was different from that in study 1A. In studies 2A and 2B absorption from all sources was strongly inversely related to serum ferritin with geometric means of 32.5% (iron ascorbate) 9.1% (bisglycinate) and 15.3% (trisglycinate). Iron from ferric trisglycinate was poorly absorbed (2.3%; range: 0.5-9.2%) from maize. Conclusion: In whole-maize meal iron from ferrous bisglycinate is better absorbed than is iron from ferrous sulfate and does not exchange with iron from maize or ferrous sulfate in the intestinal pool. Absorption of iron from bisglycinate and trisglycinate is regulated normally by iron status. (authors)
A Model Describing the Time Course of Isometric Muscle Fatigue

Despite the recommendations that an important design criterion is not to exceed 15% of an operator's maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) with any muscle that must be used for a long period of time, many tasks involve the exertion of much higher forces coupled with long-term contractions. Many studies have investigated the force-time relationship of isometric muscle contractions to determine the endurance time of a given relative force. To date, however, direct studies of muscle performance throughout fatiguing tasks have not been conducted to the same degree.This research was concerned with studying the effects of different muscle groups (biceps, vs quadriceps) of subjects with different age groups (20–29 vs. 50–59 years of age) on long-term muscular isometric contractions at different levels of %MVC (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% MVC), and modelling the functional data to describe the time course of strength decrement. The data revealed that the time course of strength decrement was best modelled by the f...
The First Hundred Years

No area of scientific endeavor progresses along a smooth path from inception to resolution. All science is episodic, and most fields are characterized by what are seen, only in retrospect, to have been a series of advances and retreats. Such is the history of attempts to understand the structure and biological function of chromatin. In this brief first chapter, I shall attempt to summarize this tangled story, from the appearance of Miescher’s first paper in 1871 to the moment, almost exactly one hundred years later, when a detailed picture of the molecular structure of chromatin finally began to emerge. Since the principal focus of this book will be on current knowledge of chromatin structure, I do not aim for an exhaustive history. For details, the historically minded reader is referred to a number of excellent books and reviews. I have found Olby’s The Path to the Double Helix (1974) especially useful; but I would also recommend the concise summary by Mirsky (1968) in Scientific American. Views of the state of the field at various times can be gained by perusing the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium volumes for the 1941, 1947, and 1973 conferences, Volume 1 of the Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology (1947), and the collection of papers, The Nucleohistones, edited by J. Bonner and P. Ts’o in 1964. However, the best source is, as always, the original literature.
NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION IN POLIO SURVIVORS

Although there is no documented, objective evidence that symptomatic post-polio subjects are rapidly losing strength, they have a number of neuromuscular deficits related to a more severe poliomyelitis illness that may explain why they complain of problems with strength, endurance, and local muscle fatigue. Symptomatic post-polio subjects were hospitalized longer during the acute poliomyelitis, recovered more slowly, and had electromyographic evidence of greater loss of anterior horn cells. Additionally, recent assessment demonstrated that they were weaker, had a reduced work capacity, and recovered strength less readily after activity in the quadriceps muscles as compared to asymptomatic subjects. Of great clinical importance, rating of perceived exertion in the muscle during exercise was the same in symptomatic and asymptomatic post-polio and control subjects, indicating that symptomatic subjects have a mechanism to monitor local muscle fatigue that could be used to avoid exhaustion. A study of pacing (interspersing activity with rest breaks) showed that symptomatic subjects had less local muscle fatigue and greater strength recovery when they paced their activity than when they worked at a constant rate to exhaustion. We recommend that post-polio individuals pace their daily activity to avoid excessive fatigue.
From Lipids to Inflammation New Approaches to Reducing Atherosclerotic Risk

The introduction of statins ≈ 30 years ago ushered in the era of lipid lowering as the most effective way to reduce risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nonetheless, residual risk remains high, and statin intolerance is frequently encountered in clinical practice. After a long dry period, the field of therapeutics targeted to lipids and atherosclerosis has entered a renaissance. Moreover, the demonstration of clinical benefits from the addition of ezetimibe to statin therapy in subjects with acute coronary syndromes has renewed the enthusiasm for the cholesterol hypothesis and the hope that additional agents that lower low-density lipoprotein will decrease risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Drugs in the orphan disease category are now available for patients with the most extreme hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, discovery and rapid translation of a novel biological pathway has given rise to a new class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, the proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin-9 inhibitors. Trials of niacin added to statin have failed to demonstrate cardiac benefits, and 3 cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors have also failed to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, despite producing substantial increases in HDL levels. Although the utility of triglyceride-lowering therapies remains uncertain, 2 large clinical trials are testing the influence of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on atherosclerotic events in hypertriglyceridemia. Novel antisense therapies targeting apolipoprotein C-III (for triglyceride reduction) and apo(a) (for lipoprotein(a) reduction) are showing a promising trajectory. Finally, 2 large clinical trials are formally putting the inflammatory hypothesis of atherosclerosis to the test and may open a new avenue for cardiovascular disease risk reduction.
"Ductile to brittle" transition in thermally stable antigorite gouge at mantle pressures

General shear experiments on antigorite-rich serpentinite show a transition from ductile (distributed) to brittle (localized) deformation with increasing temperature from 300°C to 500°C at confining pressures from 1 to 2 GPa. The coefficient of friction associated with slip along fractures decreases from 0.23 to 0.07 with an increase in temperature from 300°C to 500°C. Velocity stepping experiments exhibit a positive rate dependence, as parameterized by a-b values, that decrease modestly with increasing temperature from ~0.015 at 300°C to ~0.01 at 500°C. Fractures contain fine-grained foliated antigorite, and there is no evidence of dehydration. All samples have a moderate foliation and show microstructural evidence for both plastic and brittle deformation mechanisms. Under certain conditions the transition to brittle deformation, at high pressures and temperatures in antigorite, might generate earthquakes, which could explain the occurrence of some intermediate-depth seismicity within subduction zones in serpentinized regions that are too cold to induce dehydration.
The impact of race, income, drug abuse and dependence on health insurance coverage among US adults

Little is known about the impact of drug abuse/dependence on health insurance coverage, especially by race groups and income levels. In this study, we examine the disparities in health insurance predictors and investigate the impact of drug use (alcohol abuse/dependence, nicotine dependence, and illicit drug abuse/dependence) on lack of insurance across different race and income groups. To perform the analysis, we used insurance data (8057 uninsured and 28,590 insured individual adults) from the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH 2011). To analyze the likelihood of being uninsured we performed weighted binomial logistic regression analyses. The results show that the overall prevalence of lacking insurance was 19.6 %. However, race differences in lack of insurance exist, especially for Hispanics who observe the highest probability of being uninsured (38.5 %). Furthermore, we observe that the lowest income level bracket (annual income <$20,000) is associated with the highest likelihood of being uninsured (37.3 %). As the result of this investigation, we observed the following relationship between drug use and lack of insurance: alcohol abuse/dependence and nicotine dependence tend to increase the risk of lack of insurance for African Americans and whites, respectively; illicit drug use increases such risk for whites; alcohol abuse/dependence increases the likelihood of lack of insurance for the group with incomes $20,000–$49,999, whereas nicotine dependence is associated with higher probability of lack of insurance for most income groups. These findings provide some useful insights for policy makers in making decisions regarding unmet health insurance coverage.
A Multi-Target Method to Locate Internal Partial Discharge Sources within Transformer Based on Array Signal Processing

A new method to locate multiple discharge sources within transformer by array signal processing is proposed,i.e.two supersonic sensor arrays are installed on inner wall of transformer tank to detect the supersonic signals emitted by partial discharge sources,and using the spatial spectrum estimation theory of array signal processing technology the characteristic information of the signals received by the arrays(number of signal sources,propagation direction,etc.) are analyzed,then the estimation of number of discharge sources,the direction of discharge sources and the distances among discharge sources and sensors are determined respectively,after that the multi-target localization of partial discharge sources is implemented.Simulation results show that the proposed method possesses good resolution and estimation accuracy and can effectively estimate the spatial positions of multiple discharging points within transformer.
NTP-CERHR Expert Panel Update on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

Robert Kavlock a, Dana Barr b, Kim Boekelheide c, William Breslin d, Patrick Breysse e,1, Robert Chapin f, Kevin Gaido g, Ernest Hodgson h, Michele Marcus i,1, Katherine Shea j,1, Paige Williams k a US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC b Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA c Brown University, Providence, RI d Eli Lilly & Company, Greenfield, IN e The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD f Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT g CIIT Centers for Health Research, Research Triangle Park, NC h North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC i Emory University, Atlanta, GA j University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC k Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Repeated ozone exposure exacerbates insulin resistance and activates innate immune response in genetically susceptible mice

AbstractBackground: Inhaled ozone (O3) has been demonstrated as a harmful pollutant and associated with chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes and vascular disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms by which O3 mediates harmful effects are poorly understood.Objectives: To investigate the effect of O3 exposure on glucose intolerance, immune activation and underlying mechanisms in a genetically susceptible mouse model.Methods: Diabetes-prone KK mice were exposed to filtered air (FA), or O3 (0.5 ppm) for 13 consecutive weekdays (4 h/day). Insulin tolerance test (ITT) was performed following the last exposure. Plasma insulin, adiponectin, and leptin were measured by ELISA. Pathologic changes were examined by H&E and Oil-Red-O staining. Inflammatory responses were detected using flow cytometry and real-time PCR.Results: KK mice exposed to O3 displayed an impaired insulin response. Plasma insulin and leptin levels were reduced in O3-exposed mice. Three-week exposure to O3 induced lung inflammation an...
O01-2 Psychosocial working conditions and burnout among german employees: initial results from a population based cohort study

Introduction A major deficit in studies on occupational burnout is the lack of population based samples not restricted to professions in the social services or health care system. The same limitation applies to studies on psychosocial working conditions and mental health outcomes, which together comprise the focus of the German Study on Mental Health at Work (S-MGA). The study entails a registry based sample of German employees subject to social security contributions. This presentation gives an overview of the distribution of burnout within the population and its associations with psychosocial working conditions. Method The sampling frame is defined by all German employees subject to social security contributions and born between 1951 and 1980. The sample consists of 4511 survey participants, of whom 4182 were engaged in full- or part-time employment at the time of interview. Psychosocial working conditions were assessed by a computer assisted personal interview (CAPI). Five working conditions were selected on basis of a previous review. For the statistical analysis all scales are transformed into quartiles. Occupational burnout is assessed by the exhaustion scale of the Oldenburg-Burnout-Inventory (OLBI) using a paper and pencil questionnaire. Cases of burnout are defined by a score of ≥3 (range: 1–4). Results The prevalence for burnout within this population based survey is 10% for male and 11% for female respondents. The strongest increase of burnout is associated with quantitative demands: the prevalence increases from 3% within the first quartile to 23% within the fourth quartile. Also the remaining COPSOQ-scales are associated with Burnout. Discussion The current analysis was motivated by findings from international longitudinal studies. The results for this representative sample offers evidence that these findings are applicable to German employees. Furthermore, there are some indications for non-linear aspects in the association between burnout and psychosocial working conditions.
Algorithm for explicit solution to the three parameter linear change-point regression model

Linear change-point models (also known in the building industry as energy-signature models) are commonly used for the monitoring and verification of whole building energy consumption. They have pro...
Laser direct deposition of AISI H13 tool steel powder with numerical modeling of solid phase transformation, hardness, and residual stresses

Abstract This study is concerned with the systematic study on the laser direct deposition of AISI H13 tool steel powder on H13 substrates to determine and investigate the hardness and residual stresses resulting from the laser deposition process. In this paper, numerical models are presented to predict three-dimensional solid phase transformation, material hardness, and residual stresses produced by the laser direct deposition process with multi-track and multi-layer capabilities. The simulated laser deposition track is based on the predicted temperature and geometry from a free-surface-tracking laser deposition model. The predictive modeling results are validated by experiments in terms of tempering patterns, hardness field measurements, and XRD residual stress measurements. Predicted results show the variation of stresses and hardness into the depth and along the surface of the workpiece, providing a reasonable agreement with measured values. It is found that the heat-affected zone with high phase fractions of martensite result in strong compressive stresses, but the tempering effect due to multi-track laser deposition can somewhat alieviate the compressive stress. It is also found that the ultimate tensile strength of laser deposited H13 steel is 15% to 30% higher than published values for commercial H13.
High on drugs: lessons from opiates in pancreatitis.

The current opiate epidemic, the widespread clinical utilisation of opiates, along with the controversies that revolve around their use, mandate that we take a fresh look at the risks and benefits of this invaluable yet potentially hazardous class of drugs. Pancreatitis is a common illness in which opiates are used extensively for pain control. With the well-known overlap between the complications of acute pancreatitis and opiate use, that is, ileus and bacterial translocation, and the difficulty in identifying the underlying causality in a clinical scenario, it is appropriate that this dilemma be approached using animal models. Additionally, the recent paradigm1 that chronic pancreatitis (for which opioids may be used for long periods) evolves from recurrent acute attacks reinforces the need to weigh the risks this usage may create apart from opiate abuse. In the study entitled ‘Morphine worsens the severity and prevents pancreatic regeneration in mouse models of acute pancreatitis’, Balrass et al 2 present a clinically relevant argument of the multiple ways in which opiates may be worsening the outcomes of acute pancreatitis (AP). They postulate three mechanisms: (1) increased bacterial translocation, (2) a temporal delay in the reparative inflammatory response and (3) a delay in the regenerative response. Additionally, they note that morphine worsens pancreatic necrosis and acute inflammation in mechanistically distinct models. These effects of morphine are prevented in μ-opioid receptor knockout mice. The influence …
Reinforcement learning in MIMO wireless networks with energy harvesting

Energy harvesting wireless nodes provide much longer lifetime and higher energy efficiency for wireless networks compared to battery operated systems. In this paper, we study a MIMO wireless communication link in which the nodes are equipped with energy harvesters and rechargeable batteries that are continuously charging from a renewable energy source. Since the harvested energy arrival and thus the future remaining energy of the nodes is not deterministic in practice, we propose a learning approach in order to find the most efficient transmission policy for data communication that maximizes throughput. The problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) with unknown transition probabilities. A Q-Learning approach is proposed to solve the MDP model and find the optimal transmission policy.
Simple quantification of zeolite acid site density by reactive gas chromatography

The Bronsted acid site densities of ZSM-5, BEA and single unit cell self-pillared pentasil (SPP) zeolites of varying Si/Al ratios were measured using a new technique, reactive gas chromatography (RGC), which utilizes alkylamine decomposition to selectively count Bronsted acid sites. Reactive gas chromatography condenses the conventional temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometer (TPD-MS) setup into a single, fully-automated gas chromatograph (GC). Alkylamine decomposition reactions were conducted in a microcatalytic reactor placed within a temperature-controlled GC inlet liner. Products were then separated in a GC column and quantified with a flame ionization detector. A comparison between reactive gas chromatography measurements and conventional temperature programmed desorption methods showed agreement; RGC acid site density measurements were further confirmed by comparison with in situ pyridine titration of isopropanol dehydration. Reactive gas chromatography measurements performed using multiple alkylamines, were found to yield identical Bronsted acid site densities. The method of reactive gas chromatography was found to be highly sensitive, where siliceous materials with Bronsted acid site densities as low as ∼1.0 μmol gcat−1 could be reliably measured.
Mainstreaming the medical humanities in a Caribbean medical school

Medical humanities (MH) is using subjects traditionally known as the humanities for specific purposes in medical education. The first author of this manuscript had previously facilitated MH modules in the Himalayan country of Nepal. Since January 2013 he has been facilitating a module for first semester undergraduate medical students in Aruba. The second author has been co-facilitating the module since the last four semesters. In this manuscript the authors described how MH has gradually become more accepted and mainstream and the institution. They also briefly mention the use of movies with a medical theme and activities to further develop on and expand issues addressed during the MH module.
Elastic least-squares reverse time migration using the energy norm

ABSTRACTIncorporating anisotropy and elasticity into least-squares migration is an important step toward recovering accurate amplitudes in seismic imaging. An efficient way to extract reflectivity ...
Empirical Wall-Pressure Spectral Modeling for Zero and Adverse Pressure Gradient Flows

This paper presents a new empirical model for turbulent boundary-layer wall pressure spectrum and validates the new model against measurement data for zero pressure gradient flat plate flows and ad...
Pathology of Advanced Gastric Cardiac Carcinoma Cancer

Once invading the muscularis propria and beyond, gastric cardiac carcinoma becomes much more aggressive with extensive locoregional invasion and distant metastasis. Unlike distal esophageal Barrett’s adenocarcinoma with pure tubular/papillary growth patterns, advanced gastric cardiac carcinoma demonstrates a much broader histopathologic spectrum with a substantial proportion of cases showing uncommon histologic types and rare entities, which is also more common than gastric non-cardiac carcinoma, suggesting different pathogenesis mechanisms.
Blurring the Boundaries Between Art and Life: Jan van Eyck’s Ghent Altarpiece (1425–32); Allan Kaprow’s Apple Shrine (1960) and Eat (1964)

Jan van Eyck’s Ghent Altarpiece of 1426–1432 was a fundamentally innovative work in its depiction of naturalism: the artist presented to the viewer a rational world very much like that in which the viewer stood. Moreover, van Eyck intentionally broke down the boundaries, or rather, broke through the picture plane of his panels, posing his Adam and Eve so they seem to pierce the invisible divide between the fictive space of their shallow niches and the real space of the viewers, and he also seems to include the real viewers standing before the Altarpiece as an extension of the groups of figures kneeling and standing around the painted Altar of the Lamb in the lower center panel. Since the ensemble was erected in a chapel too small for it to begin with, the visitors/viewers/participants of this altarpiece were forced to stand close to it and to experience its immediacy.1 In spite of its new location, behind bazooka-proof plastic, in the Church of St. Bavo at Ghent, it is still easy for the sensitive modern viewer of this work to imagine himself or herself penetrating the picture space, literally moving from the real world into the painted distant landscape, visually sampling the fruits arranged there for our delight.
The Angry Patient

Mr. Hemingway is 45-year-old business executive with a very busy work schedule. He was seen in your office yesterday morning for a concerning flat, uniformly brown mole that had been expanding from 3 to 8 mm in diameter and darkening for 6 months. A 3-mm punch biopsy of the lesion was performed, and you distinctly remember having placed the skin specimen in its properly labeled container before sending it to the pathology laboratory. This morning, you received a message from the administrative assistant in the lab stating that no specimen was found in the container for Mr. Hemingway. You called the manager of the lab and asked for help. Sadly, after an exhaustive search of the lab, Mr. Hemingway’s specimen still could not be found. You also performed a similar search without finding the specimen.
Database Watermarking for Copyright Protection

As increasing amounts of data are produced, packaged and delivered in digital form, in a fast, networked environment, one of its main features threatens to become its worst enemy: zero-cost verbatim copies. The ability to produce duplicates of digital Works at almost no cost can now be misused for illicit profit. This mandates mechanisms for effective rights assessment and protection.
Theory Into Practice: Applying Managerial Accounting Tools To Solve A Real-World Dilemma

Many high school and college graduates that have excelled in their sport at either or both levels are not able to maintain their edge once they finish matriculating and/or enter the work force. The demands on their time coupled with the gradual deterioration of their fitness and athleticism that comes along with life beyond the academic setting reduces them to weekend warrior status. But the desire to be part of a winning team and pushing the limits of competition do not end there. In fact, many former athletes volunteer to take on leadership roles off the field that are connected to the sport that they excelled at in school. To some, those roles can be no more than administrative functions that fail to scratch the competitive itch of the former athlete. Eric Miller, an accomplished college soccer player and recent business school graduate had a different idea when he volunteered to take on the team manager role of a local youth sports team. Eric looked at this as an opportunity to apply what he learned in his business classes about strategy development and managerial accounting. Eric started his analysis by looking at the team’s financial situation. Eric then framed out what he believed to be the areas that he needed to address and is seeking your assistance in helping with his analysis so that he can meet his goal of creating the most value for his team.
A prospective pilot comparison of wet and dry heparinized suction for EUS-guided liver biopsy (with videos).

Background and Aims As EUS-guided liver biopsy sampling (EUS-LB) becomes more widely used, further studies have investigated ways to improve tissue yields. Use of a heparin-primed needle may lead to less clotting of blood within the needle, improve tissue recovery, and decrease fragmentation. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate wet suction using a heparin-primed needle for EUS-LB. Methods This was a prospective crossover study evaluating wet suction for EUS-LB in parenchymal liver disease. The primary outcome was specimen adequacy, defined by an aggregate specimen length ≥15 mm and ≥5 complete portal tracts (CPTs). Secondary outcomes included number of CPTs, length of the longest piece, aggregate specimen length, and number of small (≤4 mm), medium (5-8 mm), and large (≥9 mm) fragments. Adverse events were tracked at 7 and 30 days. Results One hundred twenty biopsy specimens were collected from 40 participants (3 specimens per patient). Specimen adequacy occurred in 39 wet heparin (98%), 37 dry heparin (93%), and 30 dry needle biopsy samples (80%; 95% confidence interval [CI], .14-.18; P = .01). There was no difference between dry needle techniques. Length of the longest piece was 8.9 mm for wet heparin and 5.8 mm for dry techniques (95% CI, .33-1.53; P = .003). Aggregate specimen length was 49.2 mm for wet heparin and 23.9 mm for dry heparin (95% CI, -46.34 to 44.94; P = .003). Mean CPT count was 7.0 for wet heparin versus 4.0 for dry (95% CI, .74-6.26; P = .01). There were more medium (2.0 vs 1.0; 95% CI, .06-1.24; P = .03) and large (1.0 versus 0.0; 95% CI, .33-1.53; P = .003) fragments with wet suction with no difference in small fragments between groups. Conclusions The use of wet suction EUS-LB demonstrated improved tissue adequacy compared with dry needle techniques. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT03103997 .)
Freeze-casting for the fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells: A review

Abstract Freeze-casting, also called ice-templating, is a promising method to produce hierarchically porous ceramics with aligned and directional pores. Additionally, freeze-casting offers strict control over the pore sizes, the percentage of porosity, and morphology evolution. This method has found a wide range of applications. For instance, freeze-casting has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the gas diffusion limitation through solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes and to generate high power density. Firstly, the freeze-casting method, processing steps, and characteristics of the freeze-cast structures are presented. The effect of processing parameters including freezing conditions, solids loading and additives on the microstructure is reviewed. This article includes the developed processing routes and derived porous structures for fabricating both planar and tubular SOFCs through the freeze-casting method. Finally, discussions regarding applications are provided and suggestions for future investigations on the processing of freeze-cast electrodes and scaffolds for SOFCs are proposed.
Correlation of University Comprehensive and National Certification Exam Scores for Medical Laboratory Science Students

This retrospective study evaluated the ability to predict certification by the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Board of Certification (BOC), using an overall score cutoff of 60% on a university comprehensive exam. The study also evaluated overall and content area scores (Blood Bank, Chemistry, Hematology, Immunology, Laboratory Operations, Microbiology, and Urinalysis and Other Body Fluids) for correlation between the university and BOC exams. Overall university exam scores ranged from 35-86% (percentage of correct answers) for students completing both exams from 2006-2015 (n = 152). BOC exam scores ranged from 287-755 (scaled from 0-999, with 400 required to pass). The overall correlation between scores was 0.65. Content area correlations ranged from 0.00 (Immunology) to 0.55 (Microbiology) for students completing both exams from 2012-2015 (n = 51). A receiver operating characteristic curve resulted in an overall university exam score cutoff of 55% showing the highest sensitivity and specificity for predicting success. Using the hypothesized 60% cutoff, one student showed a false positive result. All students scoring above 67% on the comprehensive exam passed the certification exam. In general, this study indicates that there are large variations when comparing results between comprehensive and certification exams. ABBREVIATIONS:ASCP - American Society for Clinical Pathology; BOC - Board of Certification; BOR - Board of Registry; GPA - grade point average; MLS - medical laboratory science/scientist; NAACLS - National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences; ROC - receiver operating characteristic; SD - standard deviation
SMT Attack: Next Generation Attack on Obfuscated Circuits with Capabilities and Performance Beyond the SAT Attacks

In this paper, we introduce the Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) attack on obfuscated circuits. The proposed attack is the superset of Satisfiability (SAT) attack, with many additional features. It uses one or more theory solvers in addition to its internal SAT solver. For this reason, it is capable of modeling far more complex behaviors and could formulate much stronger attacks. In this paper, we illustrate that the use of theory solvers enables the SMT to carry attacks that are not possible by SAT formulated attacks. As an example of its capabilities, we use the SMT attack to break a recent obfuscation scheme that uses key values to alter delay properties (setup and hold time) of a circuit to remain SAT hard. Considering that the logic delay is not a Boolean logical property, the targeted obfuscation mechanism is not breakable by a SAT attack. However, in this paper, we illustrate that the proposed SMT attack, by deploying a simple graph theory solver, can model and break this obfuscation scheme in few minutes. We describe how the SMT attack could be used in one of four different attack modes: (1) We explain how SMT attack could be reduced to a SAT attack, (2) how the SMT attack could be carried out in Eager, and (3) Lazy approach, and finally (4) we introduce the Accelerated SMT (AccSMT) attack that offers significant speed-up to SAT attack. Additionally, we explain how AccSMT attack could be used as an approximate attack when facing SMT-Hard obfuscation schemes.
Constructing the Ideal Worker Identity: The Rhetorical Construction of Discursive Resources in Undercover Boss

Scholars theorize that organizations influence individuals’ work identity management, yet scholars have studied individuals’ efforts more than organizations’ identity regulation processes. Recent a...
Far-lateral trans-atlas extradural resection of retro-odontoid synovial cyst: Surgical technique and review of literature

Abstract Background and importance Synovial cysts of the cranio-cervical junction constitute an uncommon pathology in neurosurgical practice. Different surgical approaches have been described for treating those lesions including trans-oral microsurgical approaches, endoscopic endo-nasal approaches and sub-occipital trans-dural approaches. Objective The purpose of this article is to describe a case of resection of a retro-odontoid synovial cyst through a modified far-lateral trans-atlas extradural approach. A detailed surgical plan with cadaveric dissection is presented as well as literature review of surgical approaches. Methods The authors describe an 86-year-old man presenting with gradual deterioration of his gait as well as upper and lower extremities weakness. He was found to have an odontoid pannus accompanied by midline retro-odontoid cyst on MRI. An anatomical cadaveric dissection describing the modified far-lateral trans-atlas extradural approach is described and then used to completely resect the cystic lesion, decompress the brain stem and perform a fusion of the cranio-cervical junction. Result This surgical technique allows for the decompression and fusion to be performed in the same operative time, avoids the contaminated surgical fields encountered during anterior approaches and prevents CSF leakage by avoiding dura opening. Conclusion Modified Far-Lateral Transatlas Approach offers several advantages when compared with the other options and can provide an alternative to treat these patients.
Mechanical impact of parturition-related strains on rat pelvic striated sphincters.

Aims To define the operational resting sarcomere length (Ls ) of the female rat external urethral sphincter (EUS) and external anal sphincter (EAS) and to determine the mechanism of parturition-related injury of EUS and EAS using a simulated birth injury (SBI) vaginal distention model. Methods EUS and EAS of 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley control and injured rats were fixed in situ, harvested, and microdissected for Ls measurements and assessment of ultrastructure. EUS and EAS function was determined at baseline, and immediately and 4 weeks after SBI, using leak point pressure (LPP) and anorectal manometry (ARM), respectively. Operational L s was compared to species-specific optimal L s using one sample Student's t test. Data (mean ± SD) were compared between groups and time points using repeated measures one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post hoc pairwise comparisons, with significance set to 0.05. Results The operational resting Ls of both sphincters (EUS: 2.09 ± 0.07 µm, EAS: 2.02 ± 0.03 µm) was significantly shorter than optimal rat Ls of 2.4 µm. Strains imposed on EUS and EAS during SBI resulted in significant sarcomere elongation and disruption, compared with the controls (EUS: 3.09 ± 0.11 µm, EAS: 3.37 ± 0.09 µm). Paralleling structural changes, LPP and ARM measures were significantly lower immediately (LPP: 21.5 ± 1.0 cmH2 O, ARM: 5.1 ± 2.31 cmH2 O) and 4 weeks (LPP: 27.7 ± 1.3cmH2 O, ARM: 2.5 ± 1.0 cmH2 O) after SBI relative to the baseline (LPP: 43.4 ± 8.5 cmH2 O, ARM: 8.2 ± 2.0 cmH2 O); P Conclusions Analogous to humans, the short resting Ls of rat EUS and EAS favors their sphincteric function. The insult experienced by these muscles during parturition leads to sarcomere hyperelongation, myofibrillar disruption, and dysfunction of the sphincters long-term.
Case 11-2019: A 49-Year-Old Man with HIV Infection and Chronic Kidney Disease.

A Man with HIV Infection and Chronic Kidney Disease A 49-year-old man with HIV infection and chronic kidney disease was evaluated in the kidney transplantation clinic because of declining kidney fu...
Changes in Leadership: A 20-Year Study of Trends in Tenure of Chairs of Departments of Ophthalmology

Objective This article assesses recent trends in tenure length for chairs of academic departments of ophthalmology. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study of current chairs from 136 institutions. Questionnaires emailed to ophthalmology chairs assessed duration of tenure and demographics of current and previous chairs. Based off of this data, trends in tenure length, turnover rates, and retention rates were determined. Results From 1998 to 2018, 255 individuals held the position of chair at 95 academic departments of ophthalmology. Mean tenure length was 17.8 years for chairs whose tenure included 2005, and decreased to 15.2 and 10.4 years for chairs whose tenures included 2010 and 2015, respectively. Mean annual turnover began at 5.3% in the first 5 years of the study, increasing to 6.5% in the following 5 years before returning to a baseline of 5.3% in the past 5 years. An average turnover of 5.2% was demonstrated during the entire study period. Five-year retention rates for new chairs averaged at 86.2%. Representation of female chairs rose from values of 2.1 and 3.1% in the beginning of the period to 7.3 and 8.4% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Conclusions The average turnover rate for chairs of ophthalmology has remained stable over the past 20 years, with an observed slight decrease in mean tenure length. This stability is welcomed in the wake of predicted turnover within the field of ophthalmology, but continued assessment and preventative policies should be maintained to continue current trends.
Urban scaling of health outcomes: a protocol for a scoping review

Introduction With most of the world’s population living in urban areas, it is important to understand the health effects of city living. Precise descriptions of the relations of city size and growth with population health metrics have not been systematically described. Describing these relationships can provide clues regarding the factors driving differences in health across cities. Objective The goal of this scoping review is to map the existing evidence regarding the scaling properties of health outcomes, with a special emphasis on city size and growth. Method and analysis We will conduct this scoping review based on a structured search of a combination of keywords for the exposures that aim to capture the population growth and size of cities along with degree of urbanisation, for health-related outcomes regardless of their type (incidence or prevalence of diseases and injuries and mortality). We will search the MEDLINE and Latin American & Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases from inception for studies in English, Spanish or Portuguese and perform manual searches of references and citations in the included studies. The search will be conducted from April 2019 to September 2019. We will report results using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. This review aims to inform future research on the role of increasing levels of urbanisation on health outcomes, provide clues into what city level factors may drive patterns of urban health and lead to the design and implementation of policies that promote sustainable growth and improved health. Ethics and dissemination This review will not collect any primary data and will rely on published articles. The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
Detoxification Enzyme-Catalyzed Conjugation Reactions

Detoxification enzyme-catalyzed reactions are generally considered as detoxification metabolism. Chemical reactions catalyzed by detoxification enzymes include conjugation and non-conjugation enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Conjugation enzymes are such as uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase, glutathione S-transferase, sulfotransferase, arylamine acetyltransferase, and methyltransferase. Conjugation reactions occur at specific atom such as O, N, C, and S or specific group like carboxylic acid. The functional groups involved in detoxification enzyme-catalyzed conjugation reactions include –OH, SH, –NH2, CH2, –COOH, NHOH, epoxide, halide, and –NO2. Non-conjugation enzymes are such as quinone reductase and epoxide hydrolase, where quinone and epoxide functional groups are involved.