cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diesters from Oleic Acid: Synthesis, Low Temperature Properties, and Oxidation Stability

Several diesters were prepared from commercially available oleic acid and common organic acids. The key step in the three step synthesis of oleochemical diesters entails a ring opening esterification of alkyl 9,10-epoxyoctadecanoates (alkyl: propyl, isopropyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl) using propionic and octanoic acids without the need for either solvent or catalyst. Each synthetic diester was evaluated for both low temperature operability and oxidation stability through measurement of cloud point, pour point, oxidation onset temperature, and signal maximum temperature. It was discovered that increasing chain length of the mid-chain ester and branching in the end-chain ester had a positive influence on the low temperature properties of diesters. Improved oxidation stability is achieved when the chain length of the mid-chain ester is decreased. Additionally, the mid-chain ester plays a larger role in oxidation stability than the end-chain ester. These products may prove useful in the search for bio-based industrial materials, such as lubricants, surfactants, and fuel additives.
Single-cell profiling of developing and mature retinal neurons.

Highly specialized, but exceedingly small populations of cells play important roles in many tissues. The identification of cell-type specific markers and gene expression programs for extremely rare cell subsets has been a challenge using standard whole-tissue approaches. Gene expression profiling of individual cells allows for unprecedented access to cell types that comprise only a small percentage of the total tissue1-7. In addition, this technique can be used to examine the gene expression programs that are transiently expressed in small numbers of cells during dynamic developmental transitions8. This issue of cellular diversity arises repeatedly in the central nervous system (CNS) where neuronal connections can occur between quite diverse cells9. The exact number of distinct cell types is not precisely known, but it has been estimated that there may be as many as 1000 different types in the cortex itself10. The function(s) of complex neural circuits may rely on some of the rare neuronal types and the genes they express. By identifying new markers and helping to molecularly classify different neurons, the single-cell approach is particularly useful in the analysis of cell types in the nervous system. It may also help to elucidate mechanisms of neural development by identifying differentially expressed genes and gene pathways during early stages of neuronal progenitor development. As a simple, easily accessed tissue with considerable neuronal diversity, the vertebrate retina is an excellent model system for studying the processes of cellular development, neuronal differentiation and neuronal diversification. However, as in other parts of the CNS, this cellular diversity can present a problem for determining the genetic pathways that drive retinal progenitors to adopt a specific cell fate, especially given that rod photoreceptors make up the majority of the total retinal cell population11. Here we report a method for the identification of the transcripts expressed in single retinal cells (Figure 1). The single-cell profiling technique allows for the assessment of the amount of heterogeneity present within different cellular populations of the retina2,4,5,12. In addition, this method has revealed a host of new candidate genes that may play role(s) in the cell fate decision-making processes that occur in subsets of retinal progenitor cells8. With some simple adjustments to the protocol, this technique can be utilized for many different tissues and cell types.
A Determination of the Line-width of the λ6300 Line of Oxygen in the Twilight Sky

THE red doublet (λ6,300–λ6,363) due to oxygen in the upper atmosphere of the Earth is greatly enhanced in twilight, as was shown by Elvey and Farnsworth1 and others. The present study has been undertaken to determine the temperature of the emitting layer from the contour of the λ6,300 component.
Profiling a Taxol Pathway 10β-Acetyltransferase: Assessment of the Specificity and the Production of Baccatin III by In Vivo Acetylation in E. coli

The 10beta-acetyltransferase on the biosynthetic pathway of the antineoplastic drug Taxol catalyzes the regiospecific transfer of the acetyl group of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to 10-deacetylbaccatin III. We demonstrate that in addition to acetyl group transfer, the overexpressed enzyme also catalyzes the exchange of propionyl and n-butyryl from the corresponding CoA thioester to the hydroxyl group at C10 of the cosubstrate. Also, in vivo studies revealed that E. coli, producing endogenous acetyl-CoA and overexpressing the recombinant acetyltransferase, can convert exogenously supplied 10-deacetylbaccatin III to baccatin III. Potentially, this heterologous in vivo production method in bacteria could be optimized to couple various unnatural acyl-CoA analogs to myriad amino and/or hydroxyl acceptors by acyltransferase catalysis; conceivably, this process could facilitate the preparation of second-generation Taxols.
The current status and impact of US National Policy on the help-seeking behavior of adolescents

Abstract The lack of U.S. federal public policy addressing the mental health needs for traumatized adolescents constitutes a national problem. As adolescent's prevalence rates for emotional and behavioral problems grow, the service gap widens particularly for specific ethnic groups. This article examines the current status and impact of contemporary U.S. policies for trauma-exposed adolescents in regard to mental health help seeking. Focusing on this growing national social problem and service gap, the author reviews and analyzes federal policies and discusses how U.S. public policy can be strengthened. Implications regarding specific ethnic groups are explored and additional legislation is recommended.
Recent trends in usage of fats and oils as functional ingredients in the baking industry

Throughout the history of the human race, cereal grains have been a source of staple food throughout this Earth. Except for the rice-eating countries, bread is the principal food and provides more nutrients than any other single food source. In over half of the countries around the world, bread supplies more than 50% of the total caloric intake. Even in one of the wealthiest nations, the United States, cereal grain products supply over 25% of the food energy, ca. 20% of the proteins, 14-18% of fats, and over 40% of carbohydrates.
Characterization and Modelling of Thin-Film Ferroelectric Capacitors Using C-V Analysis

Advances have been made in the electronic characterization and analysis of thin-film ferroelectric (FE) memory capacitors using capacitance vs. voltage (C-V) measurements. A mathematical model of the small-signal electrical behavior of the FE capacitor has been developed. This analysis shows that the small-signal characteristics of the FE capacitor are largely determined by the space charge concentrations at the ferroelectric to contact interface. These space charge regions have an adverse effect on the permittivity, coercivity and switching characteristics of the ferroelectric capacitor. These results will contribute to improving ferroelectric processing, appraising the quality of ferroelectric devices, and developing device models of the ferroelectric memory capacitors for use in circuit design.
Production of Strange Particles and Antiparticles in Nuclear Interactions of Very High Energy (E~10 13 ev)

The production of strange particles, nucleons, and antibaryons (antinucleons and antihyperons) in nuclear collisions of an energy between ${10}^{12}$ and ${10}^{14}$ ev was studied by looking for high-energy interactions produced by the secondary particles. The ratio of secondary interactions initiated by neutral particles to those initiated by charged particles was found to be $Q=0.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$. Under reasonable assumptions, these data indicate that ${9}_{\ensuremath{-}6}^{+8}$% of the high-energy charged secondary particles are charged $K$-mesons or baryons and antibaryons. The average energy of the primary collisions used in our analysis is estimated to be of the order of ${10}^{13}$ ev.
Drug interactions between antibiotics and select maintenance medications: seeing more clearly through the narrow therapeutic window of opportunity.

OBJECTIVE Infections often occur while treating patients with long-term medications for chronic illnesses. Treating these infections with systemic antibiotics often leads to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between the antimicrobials and one or more of the maintenance medications. Previously optimized long-term regimens may become either subtherapeutic or super-therapeutic, with deleterious consequences. This article discusses some of the most significant and commonly encountered antibiotic drug interactions that may occur with medications with "narrow therapeutic windows" including warfarin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, theophylline, and the two calcineurin inhibitors. Given the logistics of many consultant pharmacists' practices, it may not always be possible for them to react prospectively when these combinations are prescribed at their facilities. Therefore, there are several things the pharmacist can do: provide regular and comprehensive inservice raining on this topic, be available as needed to answer patient-specific questions, and provide readily available charts and other educational materials that help identify and characterize these important interactions. DATA SOURCES A Medline search of the English literature was performed in October/November 2003, going back to 1980 for the commonly used antibiotics and drug interactions stated in this text. In some cases, cross referencing of articles reviewed also led to older publications. Textbooks dealing with drug interactions also were used as initial sources. However, whenever possible, any data quoted within the text were verified from the original research paper. STUDY SELECTION Pharmacokinetic studies, case reports, and general review articles published in the English medical literature were all selected for review. In cases where review articles were cited that summarize groups of data from previous original research papers, the authors made the best possible effort to verify the accuracy by referring to the original research papers. DATA SYNTHESIS Because of the breadth of the topic in terms of all the antibiotics discussed, the interacting medications that pertained to each antibiotic, and the lack of homogeneity among the various types of papers (most of which were case reports), most analyses include broad-based summaries based on the aggregate findings of the authors. CONCLUSION The addition of antibiotics to a stabilized medical regimen can result in either potentiation or antagonism of the clinical effects of narrow-therapeutic-window medications such as warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline, calcineurin inhibitors, carbamazepine, and numerous other agents. As usual in the clinical arena, awareness is the first step in appropriate management of these encounters.
Non-linear effects of high-power ultrasonics in crystalline solids☆

Abstract The aspects of non-linear elastic wave propagation in real crystalline solids pertinent to the field of high-power ultrasonics are presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the role non-linear elastic wave propagation may play in the ultrasonic softening process called the ‘Blaha effect’.
Removal of heavy metals from urban stormwater runoff using different filter materials

Abstract Heavy metals wash from tires, automobile exhausts, road asphalt, fuel combustion, parking dust, and recreational land into urban stormwater runoff and its subsequent discharge into surface and subsurface water sources can create public health and environmental hazards. An in-ground permeable reactive filter system is proposed to treat contaminated urban stormwater. However, the filter materials should be carefully selected. Several series of batch experiments were conducted with synthetic stormwater containing individual metal contaminants at different concentrations to determine the adsorption and removal behavior of four potential permeable inorganic filter materials (calcite, zeolite, sand, and iron filings) for six common toxic heavy metal contaminants (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Zn). The adsorbed metals, pH, oxidation–reduction potential and electrical conductivity of batch samples were determined. Isotherm modeling was performed to assess the mechanisms and quantify the adsorption of each filter material for the contaminants. The extent of adsorption and removal of metals was found to depend on the type and concentration of metal as well as the filter material. Langmuir or Freundlich isotherm proved best to describe the metal adsorption behavior. The maximum removal rates achieved for individual metals were: 95–100% Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by calcite, zeolite and iron filings, 90% Ni by zeolite, and 100% Cr by iron filings. Sand produced low results with maximum levels of 8–58%. Based on the maximum adsorption capacity of each filter material, the typical filter size and volume of stormwater that can be treated were estimated. No single filter material was capable of removing all metals to the maximum extent; therefore, a combination of filter materials should be investigated for the simultaneous removal of multiple heavy metals.
St. James, Margo (1937–)

Sex workers’ rights activist and Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics (COYOTE) founder Margo St. James spent her career advocating for sex workers’ civil rights and the decriminalization of all forms of sex work. The St. James Infirmary, the San Francisco peer-led sex workers’ health clinic, is named in her honor. Keywords: activism; prostitution; sex work
Electron-capture and impact-ionization cross sections for multiply charged ions colliding with helium

The classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method has been used to calculate the single-electron capture and impact-ionization cross sections for collisions between fully stripped ions (${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ to ${\mathrm{O}}^{+8}$) and He at energies of 100-500 keV/amu. Except for the ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{He}}^{++}$ systems, electron capture dominates over impact ionization at the lower energies, whereas at higher energies impact ionization is the dominant mechanism for electron loss from He. The sum of the calculated electron-capture and impact-ionization cross sections is well represented by the expression ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ec}+\mathrm{ion}}=3.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}q{(\frac{52q}{E})[1\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{E}{52q})]}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, where $q$ is the charge state of the incident ion and $E$ is expressed in units of keV/amu. The calculated cross sections are in reasonable agreement with available experimental values.
Focus on TILs: Prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in human melanoma

Tumors contain variable numbers of lymphocytes, referred to as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In melanoma, the intensity of this lymphocytic infiltrate is believed to correlate with outcome, though there is some debate about the applicability of this finding for all melanomas. Much research has gone into classifying TILs with respect to antigen receptor structure and the antigen to which melanoma-specific T cells react. However, these studies for the most part did not immunophenotype TILs, and recent data has revealed that the composition of tumoral lymphocytes is not homogenous, but rather represents varying contributions from many lymphocytic subsets. Furthermore, the function of TILs is often compromised as a result of the accumulation of immunoregulatory cells and various tumor escape mechanisms. These recent insights stress the need to collect more data on the composition and function of TIL infiltrates before definitive conclusions about the prognostic significance of TILs can be drawn. Advances in immunology have also facilitated the development of immunotherapeutic strategies, examples of which will be discussed with a special emphasis on blocking antibodies against CTLA-4, which are prototypical immunotherapeutic agents. This flurry of novel "biological" therapies will undoubtedly complicate our already incomplete understanding of TIL immunobiology as each of these agents has the potential to uniquely distort the series of immunological events which normally occur in untreated melanoma. Therefore, considerable research is needed to better elucidate the function and prognostic significance of TILs in both untreated melanoma and tumors treated with "biological" therapy.
Précis of The illusion of conscious will

The experience of conscious will is the feeling that we are doing things. This feeling occurs for many things we do, conveying to us again and again the sense that we consciously cause our actions. But the feeling may not be a true reading of what is happening in our minds, brains, and bodies as our actions are produced. The feeling of conscious will can be fooled. This happens in clinical disorders such as alien hand syndrome, dissociative identity disorder, and schizophrenic auditory hallucinations. And in people without disorders, phenomena such as hypnosis, automatic writing, Ouija board spelling, water dowsing, facilitated communication, speaking in tongues, spirit possession, and trance channeling also illustrate anomalies of will - cases when actions occur without will or will occurs without action. This book brings these cases together with research evidence from laboratories in psychology and neuroscience to explore a the- ory of apparent mental causation. According to this theory, when a thought appears in consciousness just prior to an action, is consistent with the action, and appears exclusive of salient alternative causes of the action, we experience conscious will and ascribe authorship to ourselves for the action. Experiences of conscious will thus arise from processes whereby the mind interprets itself - not from processes whereby mind creates action. Conscious will, in this view, is an indication that we think we have caused an action, not a revelation of the causal sequence by which the action was produced.
High-throughput Database Search and Large-scale Negative Polarity Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Ultraviolet Photodissociation for Complex Proteomic Samples

The use of ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) for the activation and dissociation of peptide anions is evaluated for broader coverage of the proteome. To facilitate interpretation and assignment of the resulting UVPD mass spectra of peptide anions, the MassMatrix database search algorithm was modified to allow automated analysis of negative polarity MS/MS spectra. The new UVPD algorithms were developed based on the MassMatrix database search engine by adding specific fragmentation pathways for UVPD. The new UVPD fragmentation pathways in MassMatrix were rigorously and statistically optimized using two large data sets with high mass accuracy and high mass resolution for both MS1 and MS2 data acquired on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer for complex Halobacterium and HeLa proteome samples. Negative mode UVPD led to the identification of 3663 and 2350 peptides for the Halo and HeLa tryptic digests, respectively, corresponding to 655 and 645 peptides that were unique when compared with electron transfer dissociation (ETD), higher energy collision-induced dissociation, and collision-induced dissociation results for the same digests analyzed in the positive mode. In sum, 805 and 619 proteins were identified via UVPD for the Halobacterium and HeLa samples, respectively, with 49 and 50 unique proteins identified in contrast to the more conventional MS/MS methods. The algorithm also features automated charge determination for low mass accuracy data, precursor filtering (including intact charge-reduced peaks), and the ability to combine both positive and negative MS/MS spectra into a single search, and it is freely open to the public. The accuracy and specificity of the MassMatrix UVPD search algorithm was also assessed for low resolution, low mass accuracy data on a linear ion trap. Analysis of a known mixture of three mitogen-activated kinases yielded similar sequence coverage percentages for UVPD of peptide anions versus conventional collision-induced dissociation of peptide cations, and when these methods were combined into a single search, an increase of up to 13% sequence coverage was observed for the kinases. The ability to sequence peptide anions and cations in alternating scans in the same chromatographic run was also demonstrated. Because ETD has a significant bias toward identifying highly basic peptides, negative UVPD was used to improve the identification of the more acidic peptides in conjunction with positive ETD for the more basic species. In this case, tryptic peptides from the cytosolic section of HeLa cells were analyzed by polarity switching nanoLC-MS/MS utilizing ETD for cation sequencing and UVPD for anion sequencing. Relative to searching using ETD alone, positive/negative polarity switching significantly improved sequence coverages across identified proteins, resulting in a 33% increase in unique peptide identifications and more than twice the number of peptide spectral matches.
Searching for a successful HDL-based treatment strategy.

Abstract Despite strong evidence that HDL-cholesterol levels predict atherosclerotic events in a population, attempts at using an HDL-based treatment strategy have not yet been successful. Most of the efforts to date have focused on raising plasma HDL-cholesterol levels. This brief review focuses on a different strategy, which is based on the use of 18-amino acid apoA-I mimetic peptides. The story of these peptides spans decades and illustrates the remarkable complexity of HDL-based treatment strategies, but suggests that such a strategy may still be successful.
Managing Web server performance with AutoTune agents

Managing the performance of e-commerce sites is challenging. Site content changes frequently, as do customer interests and business plans, contributing to dynamically varying workloads. To maintain good performance, system administrators must tune their information technology environment on an ongoing basis. Unfortunately, doing so requires considerable expertise and increases the total cost of system ownership. In this paper, we propose an agent-based solution that not only automates the ongoing system tuning but also automatically designs an appropriate tuning mechanism for the target system. We illustrate this in the context of managing a Web server. There we study the problem of controlling CPU and memory utilization of an ApacheÂ® Web server using the application-level tuning parameters MaxClients and KeepAlive, which are exposed by the server. Using the AutoTune agent framework under the Agent Building and Learning Environment (ABLE), we construct agents to fully automate a control-theoretic methodology that involves model building, controller design, and run-time feedback control. Specifically, we design (1) a modeling agent that builds a dynamic system model from the controlled server run data, (2) a controller design agent that uses optimal control theory to derive a feedback control algorithm customized to that server, and (3) a run-time control agent that deploys the feedback control algorithm in an on-line real- time environment to automatically manage the Web server. The designed autonomic feedback control system is able to handle the dynamic and interrelated dependencies between the1 tuning parameters and the performance metrics with guaranteed stability from control theory. The effectiveness of the AutoTune agents is demonstrated through experiments involving variations in workload, server capacity, and business objectives. The results also serve as a validation of the ABLE toolkit and the AutoTune agent framework.
Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves From a Tilted Slightly Rough Surface

The interaction of a plane wave and a slightly rough surface tilted away from a reference plane is investigated. Expressions for the scattered fields are obtained to second order for a perfectly conducting and a dielectric surface. In the limiting case of no tilt the fields agree with those of Rice. When the normal to the surface is rotated about the intersection between the incidence plane and the reference plane, the treatment yields important polarization effects and gives explicitly as a function of the tilt which irregularities on the surface contribute to the scattered power. Numerical results are obtained to investigate the relative magnitudes of the terms contributing to the cross sections.
Peroxisomal Membrane Protein Import Does Not Require Pex17p

Of the approximately 20 proteins required for peroxisome biogenesis, only four have been implicated in the process of peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP) import: Pex3p, Pex16p, Pex17p, and Pex19p. To improve our understanding of the role that Pex17p plays in PMP import, we examined the behavior of PMPs in a Pichia pastoris pex17 mutant. Relative to wild-type cells, pex17 cells appeared to have a mild reduction in PMP stability and slightly aberrant PMP behavior in subcellular fractionation experiments. However, we also found that the behavior of PMPs in the pex17 mutant was indistinguishable from PMP behavior in a pex5 mutant, which has no defect in PMP import, and was far different from PMP behavior in a pex3 mutant, which has a bona fide defect in PMP import. Furthermore, we found that a pex14 mutant, which has no defect in PMP import, lacks detectable levels of Pex17p. Based on these and other results, we propose that Pex17p acts primarily in the matrix protein import pathway and does not play an important role in PMP import.
Trypsinogen Activation Observed in Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Three decades ago Martin Karplus's group performed the first molecular dynamics simulations of trypsin in order to address the transition from the zymogen to its active form. Based on the low computational power existing at that time only high frequency fluctuations could be observed, but not the full transition, were observed. By performing accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) simulations, a very promising approach to increase the configurational sampling of atomistic simulations, we were able to observe the amino tail insertion into the conserved hydrophobic pocket, a crucial step of the transition mechanism. The results allow us to address a very important enzymatic process, providing new evidence about the underlying thermodynamics.
Carbon Nanotube Free-Standing Film of Pt/MWNTs as a Bifunctional Component in Hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Conventional fuel cell architecture on one side of the membrane electrode assembly consists of a carbon backing layer, hydrophobic microporous layer (MPL), and a catalyst layer, which is in contact with the solid proton exchange membrane. Pt nanoparticles are deposited onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Pt/MWNTs) and a free-standing film of Pt/MWNTs is fabricated to act as the MPL and the catalyst layer in hydrogen fuel cells. The free-standing film of Pt/MWNTs condenses two functions into one bifunctional layer that simplifies the fuel cell fabrication procedure. Fuel cell polarization performance improves when using the free-standing film of Pt/MWNTs without the MPL resulting in a higher peak performance of 1.2 W/cm 2 in comparison with 1.0 W/cm 2 when in the presence of a MPL.
Improving Bone Formation in Osteoporosis Through In Vitro Mechanical Stimulation Compared to Biochemical Stimuli

Study Design: Laboratory investigation. Objectives: To determine and compare the ability of cellular mechanical stimulation to enhance the production of osteogenic precursor cells (OPCs) from osteoporotic bone relative to stimulation with chemical factors. Summary of Background Data: Abnormalities in the number and function of bone-forming osteoblasts play a central role in the pathophysiological processes leading to osteoporosis. Normal osteoblast production and function are regulated by chemical growth factors and mechanical signals. Nevertheless, the responses of OPCs from osteoporotic bone to mechanical signals remain poorly understood. Methods: Transpedicular aspiration of 5 cc of vertebral body bone marrow was performed in osteoporotic patients undergoing instrumented spinal fusion. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated and subjected to either mechanical stimulation (4000 µϵ elongation) or biochemical stimulation with BMP-2or PDGF at three different concentrations (0.0001, 1, and 100 ng/mL). MSC proliferation was assessed using the alamarBlue assay and the quantity of OPCs was estimated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and normalized to DNA content. Results: A total of 4 osteoporotic patients (3F:1M, average DXA=-2.9) were enrolled. Although there was a trend toward improved osteoporotic MSC proliferation after biochemical stimulation in a dose-dependent manner compared to mechanical stimulation, this only reached statistical significance for PDGF at its highest concentration (p<0.05). With regard to the quantity of OPCs within this cell population, mechanical stimulation on average resulted in an approximately 50% improvement in normalized AP activity compared to MSCs stimulated with BMP-2 (p<0.05) and 130% compared to PDGF (p<0.0005) at the highest concentrations. Conclusion : PDGF-mediated pathways involved in the proliferation of osteoporotic MSCs may remain relatively intact compared to those involving BMP-2 or mechanical forces. However, mechanical signals may be more effective than biochemical ones in promoting osteoporotic MSCs to differentiate along an osteoprogenitor lineage. Level of Evidence: Basic Science. Journal of Nature and Science, 1(4):e63, 2015
Willingness to use Fashion Mobile Applications to Purchase Fashion Products: A comparison between the United States and South Korea

This study focused on United States and South Korean consumers’ intention to use fashion mobile applications to purchase fashion products and how that intention is affected by cultural differences. A modified Technology Acceptance Model and E-commerce Adoption Model was utilized. A survey was designed and administered to smartphone users enrolled in fashion programs at both a United States university and two South Korean universities. Findings showed significant differences in three variables between the two cultures: perceived social influence, perceived entertainment, and fashion innovativeness. Path analysis revealed that the motivations of intention to purchase fashion products through fashion mobile applications were differentiated by cultural differences. The findings of this study are relevant and contribute to a comprehensive perspective on mobile marketing strategies for fashion retailers, especially electronic retailers who are particularly well positioned to take advantage of this new sales medium.
Delayed Emergence After Aneurysm Clipping

Aneurysm clipping poses many challenges to the anesthesia provider. There are multi-organ effects from subarachnoid hemorrhages, and these must be evaluated and addressed. The preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management strategies of a patient undergoing an aneurysm clipping are addressed in this chapter.
"Prophetic vision, vivid imagination": The 1927 Mississippi River flood

The 1927 flood in the Lower Mississippi River was the most destructive flood in American history, inundating more than 70,000 km2 of land, resulting in approximately 500 fatalities and leaving more than 700,000 people homeless. Despite the prominence of the 1927 flood, details on the flood, and the storms that produced the flood, are sparse. We examine the hydrometeorology and hydroclimatology of the 1927 flood in the Lower Mississippi River through downscaling simulations of the storms that were responsible for catastrophic flooding and through empirical analyses of rainfall and streamflow records. We use Twentieth Century Reanalysis fields as boundary conditions and initial conditions for downscaling simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We place the hydrometeorological analyses of the 1927 storms in a hydroclimatological context through analyses of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis fields. Analyses are designed to assess the physical processes that control the upper tail of flooding in the Lower Mississippi River. We compare the 1927 flood in the Lower Mississippi River to floods in 1937 and 2011 that represent the most extreme flooding in the Lower Mississippi River.
Plasma fluoride levels in rabbits acutely poisoned with sodium fluoride.

SummaryFollowing acutely toxic oral doses of sodium fluoride, plasma F levels (normal–0.01 to 0.07 ppm) promptly rose to high values; doses of 100 to 140 mg/kg gave one hour plasma F concentrations of 12 to 41 ppm. One hour plasma F values over 28 ppm were associated with death in 12 hr or less. Rabbits usually survived for at least 24 hr if 1–hr levels were less than 24 ppm.
A potpourri on creativity

Critique sans indulgence de l'ouvrage de Howard Gardner sur l'art: «Art, Mind and Brain» qui constitue un tour d'horizon sur les grands courants de la pensee contemporaine en tant qu'ils se sont confrontes aux enigmes ou aux apories de la creation artistique. Howard Gardner presente dans son livre une approche cognitiviste de l'interet porte par l'humanisme a la creation artistique. L'auteur de l'article penche pour un abord psychanalytique du probleme
Simultaneous detection of Legionella species and L. anisa, L. bozemanii, L. longbeachae and L. micdadei using conserved primers and multiple probes in a multiplex real-time PCR assay

Legionnaires' disease is a severe respiratory disease that is estimated to cause between 8,000 and 18,000 hospitalizations each year, though the exact burden is unknown due to under-utilization of diagnostic testing. Although Legionella pneumophila is the most common species detected in clinical cases (80-90%), other species have also been reported to cause disease. However, little is known about Legionnaires' disease caused by these non-pneumophila species. We designed a multiplex real-time PCR assay for detection of all Legionella spp. and simultaneous specific identification of four clinically-relevant Legionella species, L. anisa, L. bozemanii, L. longbeachae, and L. micdadei, using 5'-hydrolysis probe real-time PCR. The analytical sensitivity for detection of nucleic acid from each target species was ≤50fg per reaction. We demonstrated the utility of this assay in spiked human sputum specimens. This assay could serve as a tool for understanding the scope and impact of non-pneumophila Legionella species in human disease.
Job Attitudes and Sales Performance of Major Appliance Salesmen

The notion that satisfied salesmen are better salesmen has long been a basic principle of sales management. Few attempts have been made to verify the relationship between job satisfaction and job p...
HPLC for determination of β-carotene in health care products

Objective:To develop different methods for β-carotene extraction in tablet samples,powder samples and oily samples,and theβ-carotene was determined by HPLC.Methods: β-carotene were extracted with chloroform after microcapsule membrane was ruptured by water.Vitamin C and pyrogallic acid were added during the whole process to prevent oxidation,thenβ-carotene conten in samples was determined by HPLC.Results: The linear range of β-carotene was 0.01 mg/L~10.0 mg/L,r=0.9997.The detection limit of β-carotene was 0.005 mg/L.The average recoveries were from 89.8% to 101.8%,with RSD less than 4.87%.Conclusion: The method is simple,sensitive,accuracy and reliable in determination of β-carotene in health care products.
Enzyme produced by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and factors for production of enzymes

OBJECTIVE To explore the factors associated with production of enzymes by multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAE).METHODS A total of 125 multidrug-resistant P.aeruginosa strains isolated from inpatients specimens from Jan 2008 to Jan 2010 were collected.Detection of drug resistance and identification of these strains were performed by K-B method recommended by NCCLS.The phenotype of beta-lactamases produced by multidrug-resistant P.aeruginosa was detected by modified three dimensional test,meanwhile,100 strains of non-enzyme-producing isolates were collected and set as control group.Logistic regression analysis was further adopted to determine the independent risk factors for the production of metallo-β-lactamase by PAE.RESULTS Among 125 strains of PAE,52 enzyme-producing PAE strains were detected with the detection rate of 41.6%,including 35 ESBLs-producing strains,9 AmpC-producing strains,8 MBL-producing strains,and 4 strains were MBL-and ESBLs-producing strains.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that consecutive use of imipenem,combination use of antibiotics,and frequent drug dressing were the independent risk factors.CONCLUSION The over prolonged use of imipenem,combination use of drugs,and frequent drug dressing are the susceptible factors for the production of ESBLs.
Precision Motion Control: Intelligent Mechanisms, Morphing Mechanisms

Engineering advances are often made at the boundary between two fields. This chapter considers synergy between the design of mechanisms used in manufacturing equipment and the design of control systems. Mechanism design often assumes constant velocity of the input shaft, but variations in inertia seen by the driving motor produce speed fluctuations. Typical feedback control cannot fix this, but smart control methods such as iterative learning control and repetitive control can. They can make the mechanism perform in hardware as it was intended to perform. With appropriate sensors they can also fix errors in manufacture and can also make hardware behave as if it were an improved design. The improvement in performance is achieved in software. We call these mechanisms/control systems intelligent mechanism or morphing mechanisms. Examples are discussed.
Best Practices in Writing Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities

In this chapter, we discuss effective instruction for improving the writing quality of students with learning disabilities (LD). First, we outline common differences between the writing of students with LD and that of their peers who do not have LD, establishing the aspects of writing that are especially challenging for students with LD. Next, we present instructional practices that have a proven track record of improving the writing of students with LD in grades 1–12. These practices were drawn from a recent meta-analysis that we conducted (Gillespie A, Graham S, Except Child 80(4):454–473, 2014). In the meta-analysis, four types of writing instruction proved to be effective for students with LD: (a) strategy instruction, (b) dictation, (c) goal setting, and (d) process writing. We discuss these four types of writing instruction in detail, with examples of how teachers can incorporate them into their classrooms. In addition, we highlight other promising types of writing instruction found in the meta-analysis that did not have enough studies to calculate summary effect sizes and types of writing instruction found in other meta-analyses. Finally, we highlight points to consider when implementing our instructional recommendations, with emphasis on critical components of teacher instruction, such as modeling and guided practice, which should be incorporated with the effective types of writing instruction outlined in this chapter.
Laser Ultrasonic Methods for Manufacturing Process Control

(1991). Laser Ultrasonic Methods for Manufacturing Process Control. Materials and Processing Report: Vol. 6, No. 7, pp. 2-3.
Why Shouldn’t You Invest in Companies with Revolving Door Lobbyists?

This article analyzes the effect on firm value of having former government officials as lobbyists. The results suggest that the number of “revolving door” lobbyists is negatively correlated with firm value. The authors find that firm value decreases as the number of revolving door lobbyists employed by a firm increases. The results suggest that high numbers of such lobbyists are an indicator of wider agency problems in the firm.
Unique pathological tau conformers from Alzheimer’s brains transmit tau pathology in nontransgenic mice

Filamentous tau aggregates are hallmark lesions in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cell culture and animal studies showed that tau fibrils can undergo cell-to-cell transmission and seed aggregation of soluble tau, but this phenomenon was only robustly demonstrated in models overexpressing tau. In this study, we found that intracerebral inoculation of tau fibrils purified from AD brains (AD-tau), but not synthetic tau fibrils, resulted in the formation of abundant tau inclusions in anatomically connected brain regions in nontransgenic mice. Recombinant human tau seeded by AD-tau revealed unique conformational features that are distinct from synthetic tau fibrils, which could underlie the differential potency in seeding physiological levels of tau to aggregate. Therefore, our study establishes a mouse model of sporadic tauopathies and points to important differences between tau fibrils that are generated artificially and authentic ones that develop in AD brains.
High spatio-temporal resolution dynamic contrast-enhnaced MRI using compressed sensing

Iterative thresholding methods have been extensively studied as faster alternatives to convex optimization methods for solving large-sized problems in compressed sensing MRI. A novel iterative thresholding method, called LCAMP (Location Constrained Approximate Message Passing), is presented for reducing computational complexity and improving reconstruction accuracy when a non-zero location (or sparse support) constraint can be obtained from view shared images in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). LCAMP modifies the existing approximate message passing algorithm by replacing the thresholding stage with a location constraint, which avoids adjusting regularization parameters or thresholding levels. This work is applied to breast DCE-MRI to demonstrate the excellent reconstruction accuracy and low computation time with highly undersampled data.
The Prevalence of Past 12-Month and Lifetime DSM-IV Eating Disorders by BMI Category in US Men and Women.

Objective This study aims to determine whether the prevalence of lifetime and past 12-month DSM-IV eating disorders (ED) diagnoses differed by body mass index category among men and women in a general population sample. Methods Data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (n = 12 337 adults) were analysed using logistic regression. Analyses were conducted separately by gender. Results Lifetime ED prevalence was 2.22% in men and 4.93% in women. In both genders, the prevalence of any lifetime and past 12-month ED, binge eating disorder and recurrent binge eating was highest among obese individuals. Among obese men and women, lifetime and past 12-month ED prevalence was highest among those with class III obesity. Conclusion Eating disorders were most prevalent among high-weight individuals. This information is important for planning targeted public health ED and obesity prevention and intervention activities, as well as for informing the clinical care of obese individuals. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Predicting Parent-Child Aggression Risk in Mothers and Fathers: Role of Emotion Regulation and Frustration Tolerance

Efforts to identify targets that could be instrumental for child abuse prevention programs have often implicated stress as a key risk factor. However, existing research has not adequately considered the role of emotion dysregulation and frustration intolerance in predicting parents’ risk to engage in parent-child aggression (PCA). In addition, research in this field continues to focus heavily on mothers, with limited attention to fathers. Thus, the current study investigated whether perceived stress and distress, emotion dysregulation, and frustration intolerance independently predicted risk of PCA in a sample of 81 couples; moreover, the study evaluated whether emotion regulation or frustration tolerance mediated or moderated the association between stress and PCA risk. Findings indicated that each of the risk factors uniquely predicted PCA risk after controlling for demographic factors; neither emotion dysregulation nor frustration intolerance moderated the association between stress and PCA risk but emotion regulation did partially mediate this association. No significant differences in the pattern of these relationships were observed between mothers and fathers. Future research directions are discussed, including methodological considerations as well as evaluating how emotion regulation skills training and improved parental frustration tolerance may prevent parent-child aggression.
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Green Tea Polyphenols

Chronic inflammatory diseases affect millions of people globally and the incidence rate is on the rise. While inflammation contributes to the tissue healing process, chronic inflammation can lead to life-long debilitation and loss of tissue function and organ failure. Chronic inflammatory diseases include hepatic, gastrointestinal and neurodegenerative complications which can lead to malignancy. Despite the millennial advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, there remains no effective cure for patients who suffer from inflammatory diseases. Therefore, patients seek alternatives and complementary agents as adjunct therapies to relieve symptoms and possibly to prevent consequences of inflammation. It is well known that green tea polyphenols (GrTPs) are potent antioxidants with important roles in regulating vital signaling pathways. These comprise transcription nuclear factor-kappa B mediated I kappa B kinase complex pathways, programmed cell death pathways like caspases and B-cell lymphoma-2 and intervention with the surge of inflammatory markers like cytokines and production ofcyclooxygenase-2. This paper concisely reviews relevant investigations regarding protective effects of GrTPs and some reported adverse effects, as well as possible applications for GrTPs in the treatment of chronic and inflammatory complications.
Computational design and additive manufacturing of periodic conformal metasurfaces by synthesizing topology optimization with conformal mapping

Abstract In this paper, we present a computational framework for computational design and additive manufacturing of free-form periodic metasurfaces. The proposed scheme rests on the level-set-based topology approach and the conformal mapping theory. A metamaterial with pre-specified performance is created using a level-set-based topology optimization method. The achieved unit cell is further mapped to the 3D quad meshes on a free-form surface by applying the conformal mapping method which can preserve the local shape and angle during the mapping. With embedded geometric information, the proposed level-set-based optimization methods not only can act as a motivator for design synthesis, but also can be seamlessly hooked with additive manufacturing without the need of CAD reconstructions. The current computational framework provides a solution to increasing applications involving innovative metamaterial designs on free-form surfaces for different fields of interests. The performance of the proposed scheme is illustrated through two benchmark examples where a negative-Poisson’s-ratio unit cell pattern, and a stiff and light inner structure are mapped to 3D free-form surfaces and fabricated through additive manufacturing.