cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Field Densities of the Naturalized Defoliator Caloptilia triadicae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on the Invasive Weed Chinese Tallowtree

Chinese tallowtree, Triadica sebifera (L.) Small (Euphoriaceae), is one of the most aggressive weeds of coastal wetlands and forests of the southeastern United States. The lack of specialist herbivores in the invaded range may be one of the factors that contribute to the invasive nature of this weed. Chinese tallowtree has been the target of a classical biological control project since 2006. Several herbivore species are being tested for biological control of Chinese tallowtree. Concurrently, an adventive herbivore, Caloptilia triadicae Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), was found feeding on Chinese tallowtree in the southeastern United States in 2004 and now occurs throughout the invaded range. Field populations of C. triadicae from two sites caused extensive mining damage to the Chinese tallowtree leaves. The greatest damage occurred after 30 d of exposure to C. triadicae in the herbivory treatment and amounted to about 25-30 leaf mines (early instars) and leaf rolls (late instars) per plant. Insecticide-treated plants had atmost 5-10 leaf mines and rolls per plant. Despite this difference, plant growth in height, number of new branches, and leaves did not differ significantly from plants protected from herbivory. Analysis of harvested plant results suggested that, in general, herbivory had little impact on biomass. However, there was a slight reduction in trunk weights in the unrestriced herbivory treatment compared with the insecticide-treated plants. Although this study exposed experimental plants to only 60 d of herbivory, these results suggested that C. triadicae alone will not exert sufficient control of invasive populations of Chinese tallowtree. Furthermore, they indicated that continued development of biological control agents that target Chinese tallowtree are needed.
Leveraging Community-Generated Videos and Command Logs to Classify and Recommend Software Workflows

Users of complex software applications often rely on inefficient or suboptimal workflows because they are not aware that better methods exist. In this paper, we develop and validate a hierarchical approach combining topic modeling and frequent pattern mining to classify the workflows offered by an application, based on a corpus of community-generated videos and command logs. We then propose and evaluate a design space of four different workflow recommender algorithms, which can be used to recommend new workflows and their associated videos to software users. An expert validation of the task classification approach found that 82% of the time, experts agreed with the classifications. We also evaluate our workflow recommender algorithms, demonstrating their potential and suggesting avenues for future work.
A 19.4-nJ/Decision, 364-K Decisions/s, In-Memory Random Forest Multi-Class Inference Accelerator

This paper presents an integrated circuit (IC) realization of a random forest (RF) machine learning classifier in a 65-nm CMOS. Algorithm, architecture, and circuits are co-optimized to achieve aggressive energy and delay benefits by taking advantage of the inherent error resiliency derived from the ensemble nature of an RF classifier. Deterministic sub-sampling (DSS) and regularized decision trees reduce interconnect complexity, and avoid irregular memory access patterns and computations, thereby reducing the energy-delay product (EDP). The prototype IC also employs low-swing analog in-memory computations embedded in a standard 6T SRAM to enable massively parallel tree node comparisons, thereby minimizing the memory fetches and reducing the EDP further. The 65-nm CMOS prototype IC achieves a $3.1{\times }$ and $2.2{\times }$ improved energy efficiency and throughput leading to $6.8{\times }$ lower EDP compared to a conventional digital system at the same accuracies of 94% and 97.5% for two tasks: 1) eight-class traffic sign recognition and 2) face detection, respectively.
Adverse events following single dose treatment of lymphatic filariasis: Observations from a review of the literature.

Background WHO’s Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) uses mass drug administration (MDA) of anthelmintic medications to interrupt LF transmission in endemic areas. Recently, a single dose combination of ivermectin (IVM), diethylcarbamazine (DEC), and albendazole (ALB) was shown to be markedly more effective than the standard two-drug regimens (DEC or IVM, plus ALB) for achieving long-term clearance of microfilaremia. Objective and methods To provide context for the results of a large-scale, international safety trial of MDA using triple drug therapy, we searched Ovid Medline for studies published from 1985–2017 that reported adverse events (AEs) following treatment of LF with IVM, DEC, ALB, or any combination of these medications. Studies that reported AE rates by treatment group were included. Findings We reviewed 162 published manuscripts, 55 of which met inclusion criteria. Among these, 34 were clinic or hospital-based clinical trials, and 21 were community-based studies. Reported AE rates varied widely. The median AE rate following DEC or IVM treatment was greater than 60% among microfilaremic participants and less than 10% in persons without microfilaremia. The most common AEs reported were fever, headache, myalgia or arthralgia, fatigue, and malaise. Interpretation Mild to moderate systemic AEs related to death of microfilariae are common following LF treatment. Post-treatment AEs are transient and rarely severe or serious. Comparison of AE rates from different community studies is difficult due to inconsistent AE reporting, varied infection rates, and varied intensity of follow-up. A more uniform approach for assessing and reporting AEs in LF community treatment studies would be helpful.
The Convergence Rate of AdaBoost.

We pose the problem of determining the rate of convergence at which AdaBoost minimizes exponential loss. Boosting is the problem of combining many “weak,” high-error hypotheses to generate a single “strong” hypothesis with very low error. The AdaBoost algorithm of Freund and Schapire (1997) is shown in Figure 1. Here we are given m labeled training examples (x1, y1), . . . , (xm, ym) where the xi’s are in some domain X , and the labels yi ∈ {−1,+1}. On each round t, a distribution Dt is computed as in the figure over the m training examples, and a weak hypothesis ht : X → {−1,+1} is found, where our aim is to find a weak hypothesis with low weighted error t relative toDt. In particular, for simplicity, we assume that ht minimizes the weighted error over all hypotheses belonging to some finite class of weak hypothesesH = {~1, . . . , ~N}. The final hypothesis H computes the sign of a weighted combination of weak hypotheses F (x) = ∑T t=1 αtht(x). Since each ht is equal to ~jt for some jt, this can also be rewritten as F (x) = ∑N j=1 λj~j(x) for some set of values λ = 〈λ1, . . . λN 〉. It was observed by Breiman (1999) and others (Frean & Downs, 1998; Friedman et al., 2000; Mason et al., 1999; Onoda et al., 1998; Ratsch et al., 2001; Schapire & Singer, 1999) that AdaBoost behaves so as to minimize the exponential loss
Respiratory pattern and hypoxic ventilatory response in mice functionally lacking alpha2A-adrenergic receptors.

In newborn mammals including man the respiratory pattern undergoes changes during the neonatal period10, 11, 26, 27, 36.These developmental changes are characterized by an increase in the duration of inspiratory time (TI), which in species born after relatively short gestations such as opossum10 and mouse27 can be quite marked. In addition to developmental differences in metabolism, pulmonary mechanics and stimulatory input from the periphery the intrinsic membrane properties of inspiratory neurons may contribute to this lengthening of TI. Spike frequency adaptation and afterhyperpolarization is present as early as postnatal day 1 (P1) in rat hypoglossal motoneurons35 and PO in mouse inspiratory neurons located in the pre-Botzinger complex (PBC)28. Entry of calcium through high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channels has been shown to be essential for the generation of the AHP in PBC neurons9, ventral nucleus of the solitary tract29 and hypoglossal motoneurons32, 33 by activating slow-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels29,34. Therefore, the inhibiting modulation of HVA calcium channels during development is a potential mechanism by which TI could be prolonged. α2a adrenergic receptors which are coupled by pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to various effectors, including inhibition of voltage activated Ca2+ channels20, and have been demonstrated in cardiorespiratory areas of the medulla1, 31 are candidates for this role. In order to evaluate their importance respiratory timing in the postnatal period was examined in mice who functionally lack α2a adrenergic receptors.
New Techniques for Weaning Difficult Patients from Mechanical Ventilation

This article compares the weaning of challenging patients from mechanical ventilation to an exercise training program experienced by many athletes. Physically, the importance of the correction and maintenance of chronic health issues, nutrition, and hydration are explored. Psychologically, the degree of preparedness by both the patient and the health care team is presented. Parameters for predicting readiness to wean that include both objective and subjective indices are gaining more support; two tools for weaning are offered. During the weaning process, reconditioning of the respiratory muscles can be promoted through endurance or strengthening exercises or a combination of both. The quality and quantity of exercise performed must be closely monitored to prevent respiratory muscle fatigue or atrophy. Newer modes of ventilation, including pressure support ventilation, mandatory minute ventilation, and continuous flow, decrease the work of breathing, promote ventilator/patient synchrony, and provide a more dynamic weaning process. All of these modes promote exercise, and augment the physical and psychological components of weaning. Nursing considerations for successful weaning are offered.
Emergence of Visual Cortical Areas: Patterns of Development of Neuropeptide-Y Immunoreactivity and Somatostatin-Immunoreactivity in the Cat

A prominent feature in the evolution of neocortex in higher mammals is the appearance of multiple areas of cortex which function in the hierarchal and parallel processing of sensory input and motor output. One way each of these areas can be identified is by their characteristic and specific patterns of connectivity with cortical and subcortical areas. How axonal growth cones from neurons in the thalamus and other cortical areas recognize which presumptive cortical area is an appropriate target and enter it to form connections is not known. In the cat, the earliest born neurons of the neocortex form a transient structure termed the “subplate” (Luskin and Shatz,’85) which has been reported be necessary to allow thalamocortical afferents to enter the cortical plate of area 17 (Ghosh et al.’90).
The Effects Of Anxiety And Seductive Details On Cognitive Load And Learning

This research seeks to understand the interaction between anxiety, seductive details, cognitive load, and learning. Research investigating the seductive details effect in learning and anxiety with relation to cognitive load has not reached a consistent conclusion. Additionally, to our knowledge, no previous study has looked at the relationship between anxiety and seductive details. Ninety five college students read a passage about lightning formation either with negative seductive details, neutral seductive details, or no seductive details. Learning performance was measured with transfer and retention tests, and cognitive load was measured by using NASA Task Load Index. The results indicated helpful effects of negative but not neutral seductive details on problem-solving test for individuals with higher fear from storms. Results showed no meaningful relationships between the seductive details effect, cognitive load, and learning performance. Anxiety producing information, in small amounts, can benefit hig...
Generation of Laguerre–Gaussian Modes by Aperture or Array Sources

This paper investigates the generation of Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes at radio frequencies (RFs) by utilizing either a continuous aperture or a discrete array. The mode generation can be performed with or without sidelobe control, and superdirectivity is avoided by properly selecting the system geometry and regularizing the associated inverse problem. For an individual mode, a continuous aperture source is first determined based on the singular value decomposition of the wave system. This continuous source is subsequently discretized following the construction of a 2-D quadrature rule, which, in the two extreme cases of no and maximum sidelobe suppression, results in an array grid that inherently requires a minimum number of antenna elements. A tradeoff can be made between the adopted array element number and the realized sidelobe level. A method to use a single array with a conserved number of elements to generate and multiplex multiple modes simultaneously is also developed. Full-wave simulations are used to demonstrate the application of the developed theories to arrays of realistic antennas with mutual coupling included. The study shows that, despite their origin in optics, LG modes can be accurately generated in the RF regime, and therefore still play a crucial role in orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based radio.
Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis with corynebacterium and staphylococcus mimicking breast carcinoma

Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis (CNGM) is an increasingly recognized entity in the differential diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation involving the breast. We present the first case report of CNGM mimicking carcinoma of the breast with two mixed bacterial species as the causative pathogens (Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus spp.).
Use of Eye Shields for Mohs Micrographic Surgery of the Eyelids and Periorbital Area.

BACKGROUND Internal eye shields are designed for use in periorbital procedures, but their use in Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) of the eyelids has rarely been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE The authors aim to discuss different types of internal eye shields as well as their indication, proper use, and potential complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors performed a literature search on PubMed with the keywords "internal eye shield," "corneal shield," "scleral shield," and "periorbital Mohs micrographic surgery" with no restriction on publication time frame due to the scarcity of relevant literature. RESULTS Experts seem to agree that use of eye shield for MMS of the eyelids is a reasonable measure to undertake to prevent operative injuries. Although either plastic or stainless steel eye shield can be used, plastic eye shields are often preferred and recommended in procedures where electrosurgical devices need to be used. CONCLUSION Although the authors recommend the use of internal eye shields for MMS of the eyelids for preventing operative injuries, this recommendation (Grade C) is based on very limited evidence (Level 5). More research and higher-powered studies are needed for conclusive evidence and to establish clear guidelines for providers.
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ modulates energy homeostasis through inhibition of neurotransmission at VMN SF-1/ARC POMC synapses in a sex- and diet-dependent manner

Orphanin FQ (aka nociceptin; N/OFQ) binds to its nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor expressed in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons within the arcuate nucleus (ARC), a critical anorexigenic component of the hypothalamic energy balance circuitry. It inhibits POMC neurons by modifying neuronal excitability both pre- and postsynaptically. We tested the hypothesis that N/OFQ inhibits neurotransmission at synapses involving steroidogenic factor (SF)-1 neurons in the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) and ARC POMC neurons in a sex- and diet-dependent fashion. Electrophysiological recordings were done in intact male and in cycling and ovariectomized female NR5A1-Cre and eGFP-POMC mice. Energy homeostasis was assessed in wildtype animals following intra-ARC injections of N/OFQ or its saline vehicle. N/OFQ (1 μM) decreased light-evoked excitatory postsynaptic current (leEPSC) amplitude more so in males than in diestrus or proestrus females, which was further accentuated in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed males. N/OFQ elicited a more robust outward current and increase in conductance in males than in diestrus, proestrus, and estrus females. These pleiotropic actions of N/OFQ were abrogated by the NOP receptor antagonist BAN ORL-24 (10 μM). In ovariectomized female eGFP-POMC mice, 17β-estradiol (E2; 100 nM) attenuated the N/OFQ-induced postsynaptic response. SF-1 neurons from NR5A1-Cre mice also displayed a robust N/OFQ-induced outward current and increase in conductance that was sexually differentiated and suppressed by E2. Finally, intra-ARC injections of N/OFQ increased energy intake and decreased energy expenditure, which was further potentiated by exposure to HFD and diminished by estradiol benzoate (20 μg/kg; s.c.). These findings show that males are more responsive to the pleiotropic actions of N/OFQ at anorexigenic VMN SF-1/ARC POMC synapses, and this responsiveness can be further enhanced under conditions of diet-induced obesity/insulin resistance.
Targeted Use of Alcohol-Based Hand Rub on Gloves During Task Dense Periods: One Step Closer to Pathogen Containment by Anesthesia Providers in the Operating Room.

BACKGROUND:Anesthesia providers’ hand hygiene practices in the operating room may contribute to the transmission of bacteria. There is a debate, however, over the best approaches for pathogen containment during task dense periods (induction and extubation) of anesthesia care. A novel approach to red
The all configuration mean energy multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method. I. Equal configuration weights

The All Configuration Mean Energy (ACME) conditions are a special case of state averaging for Multiconfigurational Self-Consistent-Field (MCSCF) orbital optimisation. The method is formulated using the Graphical Unitary Group Approach (GUGA) in which the Configuration State Function (CSF) basis is represented as walks within a Shavitt graph. This graphical formulation leads to efficient recursive algorithms for the energy and reduced density matrices (RDM) that are independent of the CSF dimension and that scale only as O(n2) where n is the number of occupied orbitals. The Hamiltonian matrix diagonalization step is obviated and the CSF expansion coefficients are neither referenced nor required during the orbital optimisation. This allows MCSCF orbital optimisation to be performed for essentially unlimited numbers of active orbitals and arbitrarily large CSF expansions. The discussion includes various types of CSF expansion spaces, the partitioning of the essential and redundant orbital optimisation parame...
The influence of Ho3+ doping on 13C DNP in the presence of BDPA

Polarization transfer from unpaired electron radicals to nuclear spins at low-temperature is achieved using microwave irradiation by a process broadly termed dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). The resulting signal enhancement can easily exceed factors of 104 when paired with cryogenic cooling of the sample. Dissolution-DNP couples low temperature polarization methods with a rapid dissolution step, resulting in a highly polarized solution that can be used for metabolically sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate is a powerful metabolic imaging agent for investigation of in vitro and in vivo cellular metabolism by means of NMR spectroscopy and MRI. Radicals (trityl OX063 and BDPA) with narrower EPR linewidths typically produce higher nuclear polarizations when carbon-13 is the target nucleus. Increased solid-state polarization is observed when narrow line radicals are doped with lanthanide ions such as Gd3+, Ho3+, Dy3+, and Tb3+. Earlier results have demonstrated an incongruence between DNP experiments with trityl and BDPA, where the optimal concentrations for polarization transfer are disparate despite similar electron spin resonance linewidths. Here, the effects of Ho-DOTA on the solid-state polarization of [1-13C]pyruvic acid were compared for 3.35 T (1.4 K) and 5 T (1.2 K) systems using BDPA as a radical. Multiple concentrations of BDPA were doped with variable concentrations of Ho-DOTA (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM), and dissolved in 1 : 1 (v/v) of [1-13C] pyruvic acid/sulfolane mixture. Our results reveal that addition of small amounts of Ho-DOTA in the sample preparation increases the solid-state polarization for [1-13C] pyruvic acid, with the optimum Ho-DOTA concentration of 0.2 mM. Without Ho-DOTA doping, the optimum BDPA concentration found for 3.35 T (1.4 K) is 40 mM, and for 5 T (1.2 K) system it is about 60 mM. In both systems, inclusion of Ho-DOTA in the 13C DNP sample leads to a change in the breadth (ΔDNP) of the extrema between the P(+) and P(−) frequencies in microwave spectra. At no combination of BDPA and Ho3+ did polarizations reach those achievable with trityl. Simplified analysis of increased polarization as a function of decreased electron T1e used to explain results in trityl are insufficient to describe DNP with BDPA.
Influence of Container Design on Root Circling, Top Growth, and Post-Transplant Root Growth of Selected Landscape Species

Abstract ‘Delaware Valley White’ azalea, ‘Green Luster’ holly, ‘Plumosa Compacta Youngstown’ juniper, and ‘Shasta’ viburnum were grown for 1 to 2 years in four container designs: a conventional str...
Derivation and validation of a machine learning record linkage algorithm between emergency medical services and the emergency department.

Objective Linking emergency medical services (EMS) electronic patient care reports (ePCRs) to emergency department (ED) records can provide clinicians access to vital information that can alter management. It can also create rich databases for research and quality improvement. Unfortunately, previous attempts at ePCR and ED record linkage have had limited success. In this study, we use supervised machine learning to derive and validate an automated record linkage algorithm between EMS ePCRs and ED records. Materials and methods All consecutive ePCRs from a single EMS provider between June 2013 and June 2015 were included. A primary reviewer matched ePCRs to a list of ED patients to create a gold standard. Age, gender, last name, first name, social security number, and date of birth were extracted. Data were randomly split into 80% training and 20% test datasets. We derived missing indicators, identical indicators, edit distances, and percent differences. A multivariate logistic regression model was trained using 5-fold cross-validation, using label k-fold, L2 regularization, and class reweighting. Results A total of 14 032 ePCRs were included in the study. Interrater reliability between the primary and secondary reviewer had a kappa of 0.9. The algorithm had a sensitivity of 99.4%, a positive predictive value of 99.9%, and an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.99 in both the training and test datasets. Date-of-birth match had the highest odds ratio of 16.9, followed by last name match (10.6). Social security number match had an odds ratio of 3.8. Conclusions We were able to successfully derive and validate a record linkage algorithm from a single EMS ePCR provider to our hospital EMR.
Wideband Printed Antenna Arrays for 5G Mobile Applications

We present two novel edge-located, wideband phased array designs for 5G mobile applications. Using the edge of the smart device as reference, one of the arrays is parallel- polarized, while the other is perpendicularly-polarized. Both arrays are stripline-fed, and their geometries are realized using Duroid 5880 laminates. The array elements generally consists of an integrated balun, a ground plane formed using via walls and dipole radiator elements that are capacitively-coupled with adjacent elements to form a tightly-coupled array topology. By balancing the mutual capacitance between the elements, the inductance from the ground plane and the length (parallel) or impedance (perpendicular) of the balun, compact arrays (λ/5 and λ/8 for parallel- and perpendicular polarizations, respectively) are achieved, having continuous bandwidth coverage from 24 GHz to 86 GHz with VSWR < 2 and broadside and VSWR < 3 when scanned to at least ±40° in both E- and H-plane. A finite 4 x 4 array with a 4-to-1 combiner (in E-plane) is designed for fabrication and measurement, with appropriate terminations added to the edge elements to compensate for the reduced mutual capacitance. The two finite array designs achieve VSWR < 2.2 throughout the entire 5G frequency bands, with realized gain of ≥ 8 dB above 50 GHz.
The Infrared Absorption of Hydrogen Chloride in Nonionizing Solvents

The infrared absorption of hydrogen chloride in four nonionizing solvents has been measured. In every solution studied the HCl fundamental vibrational frequency was found to be lower than for the gas. The variation in frequency was found to increase regularly with dipole moment of solvent when the solvents employed were of the same chemical nature. Solvents of the benzene type were used, and it was found that the displacement of the 3.4\ensuremath{\mu} band approached no limiting value even when a solvent of dipole moment 4.20\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ e.s.u. was used. The results obtained were attributed to the combined effects of dipole interaction and the formation of complexes.
Field Characterization of Pavement Materials using Falling Weight Deflectometer and Sensor Data from an Instrumented Pavement Section

This study deals with the backcalculation of the mechanical properties of pavement layers using not only the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) sensor data but also pavement response under that FWD...
Effectiveness of a fixed-depth sensor deployed from a buoy to estimate water-column cyanobacterial biomass depends on wind speed

Abstract Water quality sondes have the advantage of containing multiple sensors, extended deployment times, high temporal resolution, and telecommunication with stakeholder accessible data portals. However, sondes that are part of buoy deployments often suffer from typically being fixed at one depth. Because water treatment plants are interested in water quality at a depth of the water intake and other stakeholders (ex. boaters and swimmers) are interested in the surface, we examined whether a fixed depth of approximately 1 m could cause over- or under-estimation of cyanobacterial biomass. We sampled the vertical distribution of cyanobacteria adjacent to a water quality sonde buoy in the western basin of Lake Erie during the summers of 2015–2017. A comparison of buoy cyanobacteria RFU (Relative Fluorescence Unit) at 1 m to cyanobacteria chlorophyll a (chla) measured throughout the water column showed occurrences when the buoy both under and overestimated the cyanobacteria chla at specific depths. Largest differences between buoy measurements and at-depth grab samples occurred during low wind speeds ( 4.5 m/sec) resulted in better agreement between the buoy and at-depth measurements. Averaging wind speeds 12 hr before sample collection decreased the difference between the buoy and at-depth samples for high wind speeds but not low speeds. We suggest that sondes should be placed at a depth of interest for the appropriate stakeholder group or deploy sondes with the ability to sample at various depths.
Using a Multi-Disciplinary Team to Optimize Initiation and Management of Early Respiratory Strategies for Patients at Risk for Chronic Lung Disease

Background: Akron Children9s Hospital (ACH) NICUs9 chronic lung disease (CLD) rate increased despite continued efforts to concentrate work in this area. We hypothesized that membership in the Vermont Oxford Network Minimizing Lung Injury Homeroom with a more collaborative, multi-disciplinary direction could improve outcomes. Methods: A pilot process and algorithm was designed within the multi-disciplinary group to address ventilation and surfactant strategy from intubation to extubation. An intense weekly meeting schedule was designed with medical providers, nursing, family representatives and respiratory therapists. The key drivers of change included the application of an updated ventilator algorithm, education to the staff, and several PDSA (plan do study act) cycles. These were implemented to standardize a respiratory strategy including the use of early nasal continuous positive pressure (NCPAP), earlier surfactant administration with more precise intubation criteria, and timely extubation to noninvasive ventilation (NIV). The primary goal of decreasing intubated time on the ventilators was reflected by comparing the VON data of conventional ventilation at 36 weeks gestation age. Statistical tests used were T-test and Z-test. Results: Data was analyzed for infants Conclusions: Use of the multidisciplinary team, frequent education forums and algorithms has trended towards less intubation time, less time to surfactant administration, and fewer patients on ventilators at 36 weeks gestational age. We anticipate that with larger numbers of patients and the continued efforts of this multi-disciplinary collaborative effort in the NICU, patient outcomes will continue to improve.
Older Neighbors and The Neighborhood Context of Child Well‐Being: Pathways to Enhancing Social Capital for Children

Drawing on Coleman's concept of social capital, researchers have investigated how the quality of neighborhood social networks influences child development and well-being. The role of non-kin older neighbors in advancing child well-being through the enhancement of social capital, however, has been under-studied. Our objective was to delineate specific pathways through which non-kin older neighbors contribute to neighborhood quality for children and families and potentially advance child well-being. We examined open-ended interview data from 400 parents who cared for at least one child under 18 years of age and resided in 20 neighborhoods in Cleveland, Ohio. A subsample of 113 parents connected older neighbors to neighborhood quality for families and children in their narratives. Our analysis identified three primary pathways through which parents positively linked older neighbors to neighborhood quality: older neighbors support parents and children, promote neighborhood safety, and contribute to neighborhood residential stability. These contributions are evidence of intergenerational closure, reciprocated exchange, and informal social control working together to create social capital in neighborhoods for children. It is by enhancing social capital that older neighbors potentially improve child well-being. We discuss the implications of our findings for neighborhood research and practice.
A novel approach to bovine viral diarrhea virus surveillance

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes significant economic loss in both the beef and dairy cattle industries. A major factor in the perpetuation of the virus in a herd of cattle is the presence of persistently infected (PI) animals. They continuously shed virus and often go unnoticed. Control measures currently advise testing of all animals in a herd for the presence of BVDV. While ear notching can accurately detect a PI animal, it is labor intensive and costly. For this reason the development of a non-invasive, cost-saving method to detect the virus within a group of cattle would be beneficial to the industry.
The enactive approach: a briefer statement, with some remarks on “radical enactivism”

The chief problem for the theory of mind is that of presence. In this paper I offer an explanation of this claim, and I indicate how my own “enactive” approach to mind has tried to address this problem. I also argue that other approaches, such as that undertaken by Hutto and Myin, have side-stepped the problem, instead of addressing it; their position opts for reductionism and eliminativism. This essay has two parts. The first is an exposition of the enactive approach, as I understand it, and the second is a critical evaluation of Hutto and Myin.
NASYID IN MACASSAR LANGUAGE

A Nasyid is a type of music that has existed in Indonesia for decades. The nasyid is an art form performed by a group consisting of several people. This nasyid is performed in Acapella and contains religious verses and reminds of goodness. In its development, nasyid music experienced ups and downs in the Indonesian music scene. Nasyid music (in acapella format) is now emerging and drowning in nasyid music itself. This journal offers a solution in response to this. Local language nasyid music is one solution in preserving nasyid in the community. It is intended so that the presentation of nasyid can be enjoyed by everyone, and the message of goodness in nasyid music can reach people. Local language nasyid music is expected to bring nasyid music closer to people familiar with local languages. The foreign impression on nasyid music can be removed, and it is hoped that the community will accept it. The local-language nasyid can be a medium for preserving local languages in the community. Among so many nasyid music in local languages produced and circulated in the community, it is expected that the younger generation could be more familiar with the local wisdom in the form of local languages. As well as becomes entertainment contain positiveness in the form of kindness messages from the song lyrics.
Explanations of Military Spending: The Evidence from Legislators

While a great deal of research has examined determinants of military spending, few studies have systematically investigated how legislators vote on defense expenditures. This study fills this impor...
Vertical Trapezial Fractures

Vertical trapezial fractures are rare and are the analog of a Bennett’s fracture. The mechanism that causes this fracture is either direct trauma or a fallon the hyperextended wrist, with radial deviation wedging the trapezium between the base of the thumb metacarpal and the radial styloid. The fracture is best visualized on radiographic examination from an oblique view with the ulnar side of the wrist resting on the cassette and the forearm pronated 20 Degrees (Fig. 11-1 A). The instability and consequent displacement of this fracture-dislocation result from the unstable vertical configuration of the fracture, disruption of the anterior oblique or ulnar check ligament from the base of the thumb metacarpal, and the pull of the abductor pollicis longus tendon, which is similar to that of a Bennett's fracture. Successful treatment of this fracture- dislocation requires open reduction and internal fixation.
High Performance Work Systems and Flexible Work Processes

In this issue, the Emerging Conceptual Scholarship section presents an innovative framework for understanding the impact of high performance work systems (HPWS) on flexible work processes. W. Randy...
Catalysts, Computers, and Cars: A Growing Symbiosis

Catalytic converters not only reduce air pollution from automobiles, but also improve fuel economy by allowing the engine to operate closer to its minimum fuel consumption. The characteristics of automobile engine emissions are examined, and the mechanism of three-way catalysis is described. The application of automatic, computerized sensors and controls to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of catalytic converters is discussed. (13 diagrams, 26 graphs, 1 photo, 36 references, 1 table)
Benefit of Consolidative Radiation Therapy for Primary Bone Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Purpose Outcomes for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) differ according to the site of presentation. With effective chemotherapy, the need for consolidative radiation therapy (RT) is controversial. We investigated the influence of primary bone presentation and receipt of consolidative RT on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with DLBCL. Methods and Materials We identified 102 patients with primary bone DLBCL treated consecutively from 1988 through 2013 and extracted clinical, pathologic, and treatment characteristics from the medical records. Survival outcomes were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, with factors affecting survival determined by log-rank tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done with a Cox regression model. Results The median age was 55 years (range, 16-87 years). The most common site of presentation was in the long bones. Sixty-five patients (63%) received R-CHOP–based chemotherapy, and 74 (72%) received rituximab. RT was given to 67 patients (66%), 47 with stage I to II and 20 with stage III to IV disease. The median RT dose was 44 Gy (range, 24.5-50 Gy). At a median follow-up time of 82 months, the 5-year PFS and OS rates were 80% and 82%, respectively. Receipt of RT was associated with improved 5-year PFS (88% RT vs 63% no RT, P =.0069) and OS (91% vs 68%, P =.0064). On multivariate analysis, the addition of RT significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.14, P =.014) with a trend toward an OS benefit (HR=0.30, P =.053). No significant difference in PFS or OS was found between patients treated with 30 to 35 Gy versus ≥36 Gy ( P =.71 PFS and P =.31 OS). Conclusion Patients with primary bone lymphoma treated with standard chemotherapy followed by RT can have excellent outcomes. The use of consolidative RT was associated with significant benefits in both PFS and OS.
Galectin 3 and incident atrial fibrillation in the community.

Background Galectin 3 (Gal-3) is a potential mediator of cardiac fibrosis, and Gal-3 concentrations predict incident heart failure. The same mechanisms that lead to cardiac fibrosis in heart failure may influence development of atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation (AF). We examined the association of Gal-3 and incident AF in the community. Methods Plasma Gal-3 concentrations were measured in 3,306 participants of the Framingham Offspring cohort who attended the sixth examination cycle (1995-1998, mean age 58 years, 54% women). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association of baseline Gal-3 concentrations and incident AF. Results Over a median follow-up period of 10 years, 250 participants developed incident AF. Crude incidence rates of AF by increasing sex-specific Gal-3 quartiles were 3.7%, 5.9%, 9.1%, and 11.5% (log-rank test P e -Gal-3 was associated with a 19% increased hazard of incident AF (hazard ratio 1.19, 95% CI 1.05-1.36, P = .009). This association was not significant after adjustment for traditional clinical AF risk factors (hazard ratio 1.12, 95% CI 0.98-1.28, P = .10). Conclusion Higher circulating Gal-3 concentrations were associated with increased risk of developing AF over the subsequent 10 years in age- and sex-adjusted analyses but not after accounting for other traditional clinical AF risk factors. Our results do not support a role for Gal-3 in AF risk prediction. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether Gal-3 plays a role in the development of AF substrate similar to HF.
Government Spending and Public Support for Trade in the OECD: An Empirical Test of the Embedded Liberalism Thesis

According to the embedded liberalism thesis, governments committed to free trade provide insurance and other transfers to compensate those who lose economically from expanded trade. The goal of this spending is to maintain public support for trade liberalization. We provide a micro-level test of the critical assumption behind the embedded liberalism thesis that government programs designed to protect individuals harmed by imports reduce opposition to free trade. Our micro results have important implications for the macro relationship between trade and government spending, which we also test. We find empirical support for the embedded liberalism thesis in both our micro- and macro-level analyses.Earlier versions of this article were presented at the Midwest Political Science Association's 2002 Meeting and at the University of Illinois during summer 2003. We thank the respective panel and seminar participants for their feedback. In addition, we want to acknowledge valuable comments from William Bernhard, Rebecca Blank, Kerwin Charles, Alan Deardorff, John DiNardo, John Freeman, Brian Gaines, Jim Granato, Nathan Jensen, William Keech, Layna Mosley, Robert Pahre, Ken Scheve, Marina Whitman, two anonymous reviewers, and Lisa Martin. They, of course, are not responsible for any errors.
Extraction and quantitation of cytokine mRNA from human epidermal blister roofs

The demonstration of cytokine mRNA expression in epidermal cells by the polymerase chain reaction technique preceded by reverse transcription (RT-PCR) requires linear test conditions (i.e. that the product obtained after amplification reflects the relative amounts of starting material) and high reproducibility, specificity, and sensitivity. By combining well-defined techniques for mRNA extraction and concentration measurement with a sensitive and well-calibrated RT-PCR technique, we demonstrated the presence of IL-1α, IL-1Β, IL-6, and TNFα in epidermal cells obtained from suction blister roofs from normal volunteers. Messenger RNA was extracted with superparamagnetic oligo(dT)25 Dynabeads, and the amount of mRNA was measured by spectrophotometry using a Beckman 5-Μl Ultra-Microcell prior to RT-PCR. Linear PCR conditions were obtained by carefully titrating the amounts of mRNA and the number of cycles. Reproducibility was estimated at different steps of the procedure, and the specificity of the enhanced cDNA products was verified by liquid hybridization with end-labelled probes. We suggest that this combination of techniques might prove useful for the simultaneous assessment of the expression of various cytokines from small samples of fresh human epidermal cells.
A proposed method for assessing knowledge loss risk with departing personnel

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to propose a methodology for organizations to use to assess the risk of knowledge loss should a specific employee leave. The article also proposes actions that can be taken by the organization to capture this knowledge before it is lost. Design/methodology/approach – Applied research based on the systems analysis approach. Findings – The paper finds that it is possible to create a system for identifying which knowledge is most likely to be lost and to guide an organization towards the appropriate actions for capturing that knowledge before it is lost. Research limitations/implications – The process has only been piloted on a single organization and with a limited number of subjects. However, the results are promising, and future research is focused on exploring generalizability. Practical implications – The paper provides a process that will assist managers in making better decisions when allocating resources for capturing knowledge from departing individuals. Social ...
Numerical simulation of a natural gradient tracer experiment for the natural attenuation study: flow and physical transport.

Results are presented for numerical simulations of ground water flow and physical transport associated with a natural gradient tracer experiment conducted within a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer of the Natural Attenuation Study (NATS) site near Columbus, Mississippi. A principal goal of NATS is to evaluate biogeochemical models that predict the rate and extent of natural biodegradation under field conditions. This paper describes the initial phase in the model evaluation process, i.e., calibration of flow and physical transport models that simulate conservative bromide tracer plume evolution during NATS. An initial large-scale flow model (LSM) is developed encompassing the experimental site and surrounding region. This model is subsequently scaled down in telescopic fashion to an intermediate-scale ground water flow model (ISM) covering the tracer-monitoring network, followed by a small-scale transport model (SSM) focused on the small region of hydrocarbon plume migration observed during NATS. The LSM uses inferred depositional features of the site in conjunction with hydraulic conductivity (K) data from aquifer tests and borehole flowmeter tests to establish large-scale K and flow field trends in and around the experimental site. The subsequent ISM incorporates specified flux boundary conditions and large-scale K trends obtained from the calibrated LSM, while preserving small-scale K structure based on some 4000 flowmeter data for solute transport modeling. The configuration of the ISM-predicted potentiometric surface approximates that of the observed surface within a root mean squared error of 0.15 m. The SSM is based on the dual-domain mass-transfer approach. Despite the well-recognized difficulties in modeling solute transport in extremely heterogeneous media as found at the NATS site, the dual-domain model adequately reproduced the observed bromide concentration distributions. Differences in observed and predicted bromide concentration distributions are attributed to aquifer heterogeneity at the decimeter (dm) and smaller scales. The calibrated transport parameters for the SSM (i.e., 1:7 for the ratio of mobile-to-total porosity; 2.5 × 10−3 day−1 for the mass-transfer coefficient; 1 m for longitudinal dispersivity; and 0.1 m for transverse dispersiv-ity) are consistent with separate numerical simulations of two earlier tracer experiments at the site. The multiscale modeling approach adopted in this study permits the incorporation of both large-scale geologic features important for flow simulation and small-scale heterogeneities critical for transport simulation. In addition, the dual-domain transport model provides a foundation for multispecies reactive transport modeling studies of natural attenuation of hydrocarbons during NATS.
Vibrations of cantilevered circular cylindrical shells: Shallow versus deep shell theory

Free vibrations of cantilevered circular cylindrical shells having rectangular planforms are studied in this paper by means of the Ritz method. The deep shell theory of Novozhilov and Goldenveizer is used and compared with the usual shallow shell theory for a wide range of shell parameters. A thorough convergence study is presented along with comparisons to previously published finite element solutions and experimental results. Accurately computed frequency parameters and mode shapes for various shell configurations are presented. The present paper appears to be the first comprehensive study presenting rigorous comparisons between the two shell theories in dealing with free vibrations of cantilevered cylindrical shells.