cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
i-SAD: An Edge-Intelligent IoT-Based Wearable for Substance Abuse Detection

Overindulgence of harmful substances such as drugs or alcohol, called substance abuse, can directly affect a person's health and their day-to-day activities. The younger population become more vulnerable to such use of psychoactive substances due to lack of awareness of the long-term hazardous effects these substances can have on their health. Additionally, these individuals tend to develop severe mental disorders as they grow older. With the boom of Internet of Things (IoT), the use of wearable sensors such as smartwatches and smartphones has tremendously increased. These wearables help in monitoring a person's physiological signal and keep them informed of one's health. In this research, we propose an edge-intelligent IoT-based wearable that can assist in substance-abuse detection by monitoring their physiological signals on daily basis. The proposed system helps in monitoring the substance abuse and craving of the individual and help the healthcare provider to start an early intervention as required. The proposed system is validated using a custom-built wearable, i-SAD, which was developed as a dedicated substance abuse wearable using commercially available off-the-shelf components. The proposed wearable design was validated using medical quality wearable and yielded a correlation of 0.89 for accelerometer values and 0.92 for average heart rate values.
Efficacy of automatic emergency braking among risky drivers using counterfactual simulations from the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study

Abstract Motor vehicle crashes remain a significant problem in the US and worldwide. Automatic emergency braking (AEB) is designed to mitigate the most common crash mode: rear-end striking crashes. However, assessing the efficacy of AEB in real-world crash scenarios is challenging given that avoided crashes are rarely documented except during naturalistic driving studies. In the absence of such data, AEB can be evaluated in real-world crash scenarios by retrospectively adding AEB to naturalistic crashes using counterfactual simulations. AEB was retrospectively applied to rear-end striking crashes (n = 40) from the SHRP 2 database among teen (16–19 yrs), young adult (20–24 yrs), adult (35–54 yrs), and older (70+ yrs) drivers. Real-world AEB deceleration profiles from IIHS AEB tests were paired with SHRP 2 vehicles based on vehicle make and class. AEB onset for SHRP 2 crashes was based on a brake threat number (BTN) algorithm. AEB curves were adjusted to match the speed of the vehicle at AEB onset. AEB deceleration curves were scaled based on road surface conditions. Driver reaction was accounted for by beginning the deceleration curve at the current driver-initiated braking level. Overall, AEB was found to be very effective, preventing 83% (n = 33) of rear-end striking crashes. However, AEB was less effective for crashes that occurred at higher speeds and during inclement weather conditions. These data provide a counterfactual evaluation of AEB that can be used by OEMs to prioritize AEB optimization for higher speed crashes and sub-optimal road conditions.
Preoperative Gabapentin Administration and Its Impact on Postoperative Opioid Requirement and Pain in Sinonasal Surgery

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of preoperative gabapentin on patient-reported pain levels and postoperative opioid requirements following sinonasal surgery.Study DesignRetrospective review.Sett...
Laser-Induced Cavitation using Amplified Dynamic Higher Order Bessel-Gauss Beams Integrated in Time (HOBBIT)

Optimization of laser-induced cavitation using amplified dynamic HOBBIT beams is demonstrated. The ring-profiled beams consist of coherent superpositions of asymmetric Bessel-Gauss beams containing orbital angular momentum with dynamic spatial and temporal control at λ=2.09 μm.
Childhood Obesity Evidence Base Project: Building Translational Capacity through Meta-Analytic Methods

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the need for and utility of using a taxonomic approach for evidence aggregation and meta-analyses, with focus on prevention and reduction of childhood obesity in very young children. As evidence has been generated through heterogeneous efforts, it is important that the field makes use of all available evidence to learn what works, for who, and in what circumstances. Methods: The Childhood Obesity Evidence Base (COEB) project conducted a taxonomic meta-analysis, using Grounded Theory to code elements present in reports of existing studies and initiatives, of diverse design and evaluation approaches, which were then mapped onto the levels of the socio-ecologic model. This article is the fourth in a series that describes the COEB project overall. It discusses both generally and specifically how taxonomies contribute to traditional meta-analytic methods, what questions can and cannot be answered, the method's contribution to translational (implementation) capacity, and ability to inform future efforts. Results: The COEB project illustrates how the taxonomic meta-analytic approach broadens the evidence base, increases translational capacity for effective intervention components, and evaluates the influence of contextual elements to inform future initiatives. How the method is used to establish associations between varying intervention components, contextual elements, and outcomes is discussed. Conclusions: Taxonomies generated through this process can be used for meta-analysis, serving to generate topic-specific questions associated with intervention approaches and outcomes in context, which is adjunctive to traditional meta-analytic methods and can inform public health approaches.
Comparison of Methods for Teaching Accessibility in University Computing Courses

With an increasing demand for computing professionals with skills in accessibility, it is important for university faculty to select effective methods for educating computing students about barriers faced by users with disabilities and approaches to improving accessibility. While some prior work had evaluated accessibility educational interventions, many prior studies have consisted of firsthand reports from faculty or short-term evaluations. This paper reports on the results of a systematic evaluation of methods for teaching accessibility from a longitudinal study across 29 sections of a human-computer interaction course (required for students in a computing degree program), as taught by 10 distinct professors, throughout four years, with over 400 students. A control condition (course without accessibility content) was compared to four intervention conditions: week of lectures on accessibility, team design project requiring some accessibility consideration, interaction with someone with a disability, and collaboration with a team member with a disability. Comparing survey data immediately before and after the course, we found that the Lectures, Projects, and Interaction conditions were effective in increasing students' likelihood to consider people with disabilities on a design scenario, awareness of accessibility barriers, and knowledge of technical approaches for improving accessibility - with students in the Team Member condition having higher scores on the final measure only. However, comparing survey responses from students immediately before the course and from approximately 2 years later, almost no significant gains were observed, suggesting that interventions within a single course are insufficient for producing long-term changes in measures of students’ accessibility learning. This study contributes to empirical knowledge to inform university faculty in selecting effective methods for teaching accessibility, and it motivates further research on how to achieve long-term changes in accessibility knowledge, e.g. by reinforcing accessibility throughout a degree program.
Surgical advances in the management of placenta accreta spectrum: establishing new expectations for operative blood loss.

To evaluate whether the implementation of our surgical approach, referred to in the text as Linear Cutter Vessel Sealing System (LCVSS) technique, will improve perioperative outcomes in patients wi...
Prolonged Physical Inactivity in Older Adult Couples: A Dyadic Analysis Using Actigraphy

Background and Objectives Many older adults remain inactive despite the known positive health implications of physical activity (improved mood, reduced mortality risk). Physical inactivity is an interdependent phenomenon in couples, but most research examines physical inactivity at the individual level. We estimated the average amount of prolonged physical inactivity for older adult couples and, using dyadic analysis, identified physical and mental health determinants thereof. Research Design and Methods Forty-six heterosexual older adult couples (age = 70.61 ± 6.56) from the Veterans Integrated Service Network 20 cohort of the Collaborative Aging Research using Technology (CART) initiative were included. The average number per day of prolonged inactive periods (no step counts or sleep activity for ≥30 min) was estimated using actigraphy data collected over a month. Results Multilevel modeling revealed that, within couples, there was no significant difference between partners in the average amount of inactive periods (p = .28). On average across couples, males and females had an average of 6.90 ± 2.02 and 6.56 ± 1.93 inactive periods per day, respectively. For males, older age was the only variable associated with more inactive periods (β = 0.15, p = .002). For females, having more depressive symptoms in both dyad members was associated with fewer inactive periods (female: β = -0.30, p = .03; male: β = -0.41, p < .001), and more dependence in completing their own instrumental activities of daily living predicted more inactive periods (β = 2.58, p < .001). Discussion and Implications Viewing couples' activity as an interdependent phenomenon, rather than individual, provides a novel approach to identifying pathways to reduce inactivity in older adults, especially when focusing on the mental health and level of independence within the couple.
Malignant Orbital Tumors: Current Approach to Diagnosis and Management

To review current approaches to the diagnosis and management of the most common primary and secondary malignant tumors of the orbit in children and adults. Given the rarity of most malignant orbital tumors, randomized clinical trials are lacking, but small retrospective studies investigating multimodal treatment strategies show early promise in preserving the eye and improving survival outcomes. Malignant orbital masses may be due to a broad range of pathologies, including primary tumors of the lacrimal apparatus, tumors of mesenchymal origin involving the orbit, tumors of the optic nerve, lymphoproliferative disorders, and secondary tumors from adjacent structures or distant metastases. A good clinical knowledge of the most common characteristics and imaging findings is needed to make the correct diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment. Typically, a biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis. Staging is also critical to determine the extent of disease. Prognosis generally depends on clinical stage and histological grade of the tumor. All patients with history of a malignant orbital tumor should undergo long-term surveillance for disease recurrence and progression.
Generation Z Perceptions of a Positive Workplace Environment

The most recent generation to enter the workplace, generation Z, has been stereotyped as being less engaged in the workplace, despite being highly success oriented (Barna, 2018). This discrepancy might be explained by the theory of generations and generation units (Mannheim, 1952), which states that subgroups exist within each generational cohort. The purpose of this study is to identify intra-generational differences among generation Z employees in order to identify the subjective workplace perceptions and proclivities. In order to do so, we deployed Q methodology, which allowed us to identify subgroups within the generational cohort. Results indicated three distinct subgroups within generation Z: Social Investors, Chill Worker Bees, and Go Getters. Social Investors valued a work-life balance, Chill Worker Bees desired a comfortable workplace environment, and Go Getters prioritized advancing their career. All three groups reported prioritizing companies with high moral and ethical standards. These results present HR practitioners, employers, and managers with a new perspective on the distinct generation units within generation Z, including intra- and intergenerational overlap.
Effect of Calcium Propionate plus Propylene Glycol on the incidence of Calving-related Disorders in Transition Florida Dairy Cows fed Anionic Salts

Transition period in the dairy cow is characterized by tremendous physiological demands. Calving-related disorders (CRD) such as milk fever (MF), retained fetal membranes (RFM), metritis, fatty liver, ketosis, left and right displacement of abomasum (DA), mastitis, and lameness are common features. These disorders are interrelated and have a significant negative economic impact in dairy cattle operations. Any attempt to decrease the incidence of CRD will positively affect milk yield and reproductive performance. The following field trial was conducted to determine the effect of a calcium-energy supplement on the incidence of calving-related disorders in Florida dairy cows.
Understanding body size and bisexuality via femme theory: An investigation of self- and meta-perceptions of gender expression

Existing literature fails to address bisexual women’s experiences at the intersection of fem(me)ininity and fatness. Fat fem(me)inine bisexual women experience hyper-visibility in their fatness and...
Multi-disciplinary Design and In-Home Evaluation of Kinect-Based Exercise Coaching System for Elderly

Physical activity is recognized as one of the most effective measures to reduce risk of injury and to improve the quality of life in elderly. Many of the elderly however lack the motivation, confidence and skills to engage in regular exercise activity. One of the promising approaches is semi-automated coaching that combines exercise monitoring and interaction with a health coach. To gain a better understanding of the needs and challenges faced by the elderly when using such systems, we developed Kinect-based interactive exercise system to encourage healthy behavior and increase motivation to exercise. We present the multi-disciplinary design process and evaluation of the developed system in a home environment where various real-world challenges had to be overcome.
The Writing Exercise: An Autoethnographic Short Story

This paper is an autoethnography about writing as a form of communication in the age of new media.
Chapter 5 Immunogenetics of Mammalian Cell Surface Macromolecules

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a method for the analysis of human cell surface antigens, which makes possible the identification of specific cell membrane macromolecules and simultaneous identification of the human genes controlling their biosynthesis. Studies of many different kinds indicate that cell surface molecules play a crucial role in the control of growth, differentiation, development, and communication in mammalian cells. Methods for the elucidation of the genetic and genetic biochemical aspects of cell membrane macromolecules are needed to illuminate regulatory control mechanisms. The study of the genetics of the mammalian cell surface is complex in part because of the large number of genes that can participate in the production of surface structures. In addition, classical genetic operations with their attendant mating procedures are particularly difficult for human situations. For these reasons, somatic cell methodologies in vitro are used for the genetic analysis of these structures. The chapter discusses the use of cultured human and Chinese hamster ovary cells and their somatic cell hybrids. This allows simplification of the study of human cell surface antigens by means of procedures that permit study of membrane macromolecules due to individual or small groups of chromosomes.
The pediatrician and child maltreatment: principles and pointers for practice.

Child abuse and neglect are inherently challenging problems for pediatricians. It is hoped that this article makes this work easier, albeit not easy, and highlights the many ways that pediatricians can make a valuable difference in the lives of these vulnerable children and their families. Language: en
Optical Bistability Based Upon Atomic Correlation in a Small Volume

A model for optical bistability which emphasizes the effects of atomic pair correlation in a small volume is presented. A unitary transformation is introduced to remove the explicit time dependence of the original Hamiltonian and an ensemble representation for the system is imposed by introducing a ficticious, (“spin”) temperature in the rotating frame. The ensemble averages have the effect, in the results, of breaking the J2-symmetry intrinsic to the Hamiltonian. Adiabatic elimination of the field variables in the mean-field limit leads to a mean-field, atomic-level Stark-shift-dependent interatomic interaction. We use this retarded dipole-dipole interaction in a small volume, to de-rive the properties of the quasi-thermodynamic ensemble representing the system in the rotating frame, and obtain the equation of state relating the externally-applied field y to the internal field x and the inverse of the effective temperature βs. The equation shows hysteresis and bistability among the three quantities x, y, and βs for suitable values of the parameters in the model. Stability conditions in the hysteresis zone in the limit of a single radiation field mode are analyzed and the optical spectrum is derived. The results predict intrinsic mirrorless optical bistability in a small volume.
Children with both poor oral health and general health may be more likely to have poor school performance.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Children’s school performance: impact of general and oral health. Blumenshine SL, Vann WF, Gizlice Z, Lee JY. J Public Health Dent 2008;68(2):82-7. Reviewer Man Wai Ng, DDS, MPH Purpose/Question To examine the impact of socioeconomic factors, general health factors, and poor oral health status on school performance using data from the 2005 North Carolina Child Health Assessment and Monitoring Program survey. Source of Funding Government: Maternal and Child Health grant #5 T17 MC 00015 15. The University of North Carolina Brauer Research Fellowship was a second source of support Type of Study/Design Cross-sectional study Level of Evidence Level 3: Other evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
‘The right sort of woman’: female emigrators and emigration to the British Empire, 1890-1910

Abstract This article explores white British women's efforts to appropriate their share of the Empire through the propaganda of female emigration societies. Female emigration rejoiced in growing government recognition of their work, but sustained a style of female leadership and activism that deserves evaluation alongside other Victorian and Edwardian women's movements. The article analyses the views of the emigration on key issues related to female emigration: prospects for work and for marriage; the possibilities of a freer lifestyle for women in the colonies; the class issues surrounding servants’ emigration, and their assumed need for moral surveillance; the links (both biological and symbolic) between imperialism and motherhood. Debate surrounded these issues within the female emigration movement as well as outside it. As the female emigrators carved a space for women in the Empire, they confronted contradictions in their own lives and in gendered British society.
Hemangioma of the Ilium Simulating an Aggressive Bone Lesion on Imaging

We present the case of a 35-year-old man with a hemangioma in the iliac wing that simulated an aggressive bone lesion on CT, MRI, and bone scintigraphy. On CT, the lesion, 12 cm in in maximum dimension, was expansile and septated. On MRI, the lesion was isointense with respect to muscle on T1 weighted images, and hyperintense on T2 images, with focal regions of cortical breach. Radionuclide bone scan showed increased tracer accumulation. The diagnosis was made following surgical biopsy, and the lesion was treated conservatively.
Ecology of Blue-Green Algae in Aquaculture Ponds

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, and Oscillatoria often form extensive and persistent blooms in freshwater aquaculture ponds. Bloom-forming cyanobacteria are undesirable in aquaculture ponds because: 1) they are a relatively poor base for aquatic food chains; 2) they are poor oxygenators of the water and have undesirable growth habits; 3) some species produce odorous metabolites that impart undesirable flavors to the cultured animal; and 4) some species may produce compounds that are toxic to aquatic animals. Development of cyanobacterial blooms is favored under conditions of high nutrient loading rates (particularly if the availability of nitrogen is limited relative to phosphorus), low rates of vertical mixing, and warm water temperatures. Under those conditions, dominance of phytoplankton communities by cyanobacteria is the result of certain unique physiological attributes (in particular, N2 fixation and buoyancy regulation) that allow cyanobacteria to compete effectively with other phytoplankton. The ability to fix N2 provides a competitive advantage under severe nitrogen limitation because it allows certain cyanobacterial species to make use of a source of nitrogen unavailable to other phytoplankton. The ability to regulate cell buoyancy through environmentally-controlled collapse ad reformation of intracellular gas vacuoles is perhaps the primary reason for the frequent dominance of aquaculture pond phytoplankton communities by cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria that can regulate their position in the water column gain a distinct advantage over other phototrophs in poorly mixed bodies of water. In addition to the physicochemical interactions that influence phytoplankton community dynamics, cyanobacterial-microbial associations may play an important regulatory role in determining community structure. Cyanobacteria are always found in close association with a diverse array of microorganisms, including eubacteria, fungi, and protozoans. These associations, which in the past have often been viewed as antagonistic, are increasingly seen as mutualistic and may function in a positive manner during bloom development.
Comparative effects of antioxidants on enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism

Abstract The present study was designed to examine changes in glutathione metabolism in the liver of mice as influenced by supplementation of their diet with 1 of 4 antioxidants: butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), vitamin E and selenium. In addition to determination of the acid-soluble thiol levels, 5 different enzymes involved with glutathione utilization and synthesis were measured: glutathione transferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione reductase. All 4 antioxidants produced significant increases in glutathione transferase activity, with BHA and BHT being much more effective than the other two. With the exception of vitamin E, BHA, BHT and selenium all resulted in a slight enhancement in the activity of glutathione reductase as well as in the acid-soluble thiol level. On the other hand, the induction of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase was responsive to only vitamin E and selenium supplementation, respectively. Although the influence of each of these antioxidants in glutathione metabolism appears to be specific and somewhat compartmentalized, the overall impression is that of an increased capacity for glutathione-conjugate formation and recovery of reduced glutathione. These biochemical changes in glutathione metabolism may be relevant to the anticarcinogenic effects observed with BHA, BHT and selenium.
Solution- and solid-phase syntheses of guanidine-bridged, water-soluble linkers for multivalent ligand design.

Efficient syntheses of guanidine-bridged poly(ethylene glycol) linkers of various lengths in fully protected form are reported for both solution- and solid-phase protocols. The application of such ...
Neurological disorders Cerebrovascular disease and Parkinsonism

To store and expel urine at appropriate intervals, the lower urinary tract requires extensive input and control from the peripheral autonomic, somatic, and central nervous systems. Neurological disorders, such as cerebrovascular disease and Parkinson's disease, often cause functional disturbances of the lower urinary tract.
Solvent cage effects and chemical dynamics in liquids

Abstract Applications of recently developed physical concepts and mathematical procedures for dealing with problems in liquid state chemical reaction dynamics are discussed. The techniques are applied to solute vibrational energy relaxation as well as to solute activated barrier crossing, and new results are presented.
WE-C-203-01: Workforce Study Report

The AAPM has been engaged in a wide‐ranging study with the Center for Health Workforce Studies at the School of Public Health, University at Albany, New York to assess the impact of changing internal and external environmental forces on the medical physics workforce. The major objectives of the research conducted during 2009–2010 are to: 1. Analyze the roles, responsibilities, education, and career paths of medical physicists. 2. Identify financial and other factors which might affect the establishment and maintenance of accredited residency programs that will be required in 2014 for the training of medical physicists seeking certification by the American Board of Radiology (ABR). 3. Develop accurate projections of the future supply and demand for medical physicists. 4. Suggest strategic options for the AAPM and other stakeholders to assure an appropriate supply of adequately trained and qualified medical physicists. The investigation has included an extensive review of historical data pertaining to medical physicists, interviews with professional stakeholders, a survey of currently practicing U.S. medical physicists and comprehensive modeling activities to better understand the implications of the new ABR education and training requirements. In this Workshop we describe the various methodologies used to acquire workforce‐related data and present conclusions derived from the analyses. This information should facilitate the development of effective strategies to address impending supply and demand issues for the medical physics profession. Research sponsored by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine
Auroral particle acceleration by strong double layers: The upward current region

[1] Satellite observations have established that parallel electric fields of both upward and downward current regions of the aurora are supported, at least in part, by strong double layers. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of double layers in auroral electron acceleration using direct measurements of parallel electric fields and the accompanying particle distributions, electrostatic waves, and nonlinear structures; the concentration is on the upward current region. Direct observations of the ionospheric boundary of the auroral cavity suggest that a stationary, oblique double layer carries a substantial, albeit a minority fraction (∼10% to ∼50%) of the auroral potential. An order of magnitude density gradient results in an asymmetric electric field signature. Oblique double layers with amplitudes greater than 100 mV/m have been verified in ∼3% and may occur in up to 11% of auroral cavity crossings, so it is feasible that strong double layers are a principal acceleration mechanism. In this article we also present a second type of double layer that has a symmetric electric field signature and is seen inside of the auroral cavity. These structures are a possible signature of a midcavity or high-altitude acceleration mechanism. Numerical solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson equations support the possibility of midcavity double layers and indicate that trapped electrons can play an important role in the double-layer structure.
An Unidentified Amino-sugar present in Cell Walls and Spores of Various Bacteria

A SUBSTANCE reacting as a hexosamine but which is not glucosamine or galactosamine has been found in 6 N hydrochloric acid hydrolysates of a variety of bacterial cell walls by Cummins and Harris1 and in peptides isolated from spores of Bacillus megatherium, B. subtilis and B. cereus by Strange and Powell2. There is evidence that in all cases the same substance is involved, and recently in this laboratory a similar compound was isolated from acid hydrolysates of cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus in sufficient quantity for comparison with that from spore peptide, which showed that it was identical in a number of properties. The amino-sugar would therefore seem to be widely distributed in bacteria. The base has now been obtained in crystalline form from acid hydrolysates of spore peptide (Fig. 1) by the use of ion-exchange resins. Investigation of the crystalline compound has shown that it is not a simple hexosamine ; for example, after treatment with ninhydrin according to the method of Stoffyn and Jeanloz3, followed by paper chromatography, a spot was obtained which reacted with aniline phthalate4 and other sugar spray reagents like a pentose but which had an R F value considerably lower than that of arabinose, lyxose, xylose or ribose. This product reduced ammoniacal silver nitrate but did not react with naphtho-resorcinol–trichloracetic acid5.
Stimulation of lipolysis but not of leptin release by growth hormone is abolished in adipose tissue from Stat5a and b knockout mice.

Abstract The present studies examined the effects of growth hormone (GH) on lipolysis and leptin release by adipose tissue from mice incubated for 24 h in primary culture. In adipose tissue from control mice GH enhanced lipolysis without affecting leptin release. The lipolytic action of GH was unaffected in adipose tissue from Stat5b−/− male mice but leptin release was enhanced by GH in fat from Stat5b−/− mice. In adipose tissue from Stat5ab−/− female mice no significant lipolytic action of GH was seen but leptin release was enhanced by GH. An insulin-like effect of GH on glucose conversion to lactate was also seen in mice deficient in Stat5ab−/−. These results suggest that the lipolytic action of GH involves the Stat5 proteins while the insulin-like effects of GH on glucose metabolism and leptin release involve different mechanisms.
Hotel company mergers from 2004 to 2007: abnormal stock return and volume activity surrounding the merger announcement date

An unprecedented number of hotel company mergers took place between 2004 and 2007. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were abnormal stock returns or volume activity in the periods surrounding the merger announcement date in the trading of 19 public hotel companies which merged between 2004 and 2007. This study identified the statistically significant relationships in: 1) trading volume of companies that merged as compared to companies that did not merge; 2) abnormal returns for 20 days including and after the merger announcement date as compared to zero.
Earthquake analysis of gravity dams including hydrodynamic interaction

A general procedure for analysis of the response of gravity dams, including hydrodynamic interaction and compressibility of water, to the transverse horizontal and vertical components of earthquake ground motion is presented. The problem is reduced to one in two dimensions considering the transverse vibration of a monolith of a dam, and the material behaviour is assumed to be linearly elastic The complete system is considered as composed of two substructures—the dam, represented as a finite element system, and the reservoir, as a continuum of infinite length in the upstream direction governed by the wave equation. The structural displacements of the dam (including effects of water) are expressed as a linear combination of the modes of vibration of the dam with the reservoir empty. The effectiveness of this analytical formulation lies in its being able to produce excellent results by considering only the first few modes. The complex frequency response for the modal displacements are obtained first. The responses to arbitrary ground motion are subsequently obtained with the aid of the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm An example analysis is presented to illustrate results obtained from this method. It is concluded that the method is very effective and efficient and is capable of producing results to any desired degree of accuracy by including the necessary number of modes of vibration of the dam.
Auto-immunosuppression: Recurrent infections associated with immunologic unresponsiveness in the presence of an auto-antibody to IgG

Abstract A 14-year-old French Canadian male with chronic progressive bronchiectasis and undue susceptibility to infection over a duration of 4 years was found to be hypogammaglobulinemic. His serum contained a high titer of IgM antibody to Fc fragment but it had no Gm specificity. This antibody was also lymphocytotoxic and its complement-dependent lympocytotoxicity was not HL-A associated and was blocked by a gamma G globulin or Fc fragment of gamma globulin. No B or T cell function could be measured in the patient.
A genetic attack on the defense complex

An increasing number of non-model organisms are becoming accessible to genetic analysis in the field, as evolutionary biologists develop dense molecular genetic maps. Peichel et al.'s recent study[1] provides a microsatellite-based map for threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and the first evidence for QTL affecting feeding morphology and defensive armor. This species has undergone rapid and parallel morphological and behavioral evolution, and there is now hope that some of the genes responsible for the divergence may soon be identified. BioEssays 24:487-489, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Not by the hair of your chinny chin‐chin, I'm not so sure that we're letting you in

Abstract It's no good telling people what you want if what you want is for them to know without your telling them.(Tannen, 1986, p.57) Deborah Tannen cites conversations between men and women to explore how metamessages (rapport, directness/indirectness, connectedness/avoidance) in communication impact our relationships for the better and often for worse. In many ways, this dance of communication plays out in the female mentorship of males in early childhood preservice experiences. The metamessages of females impact their effectiveness in mentorship and impacts how males look upon their career choice and their own sense of efficacy to carry out their roles as early childhood educators. Gender bias subtly weaves its ways into the fabric of professional ethos of educational practice. The female ethos in early childhood education often acts as a finely woven screen that makes it difficult for men to open the door to try out,let alone enter the profession. The invisible questioning screens of Do males care, n...
Advances in HIV care and treatment in resource-poor countries

Advances in HIV prevention and care are often readily available. Cotrimoxazole costs less than US$10 per patient per year and reduces opportunistic infections and, new and recurrent episodes of malaria. Generic drugs dramatically impact the availability of antiretroviral treatment. Universal offering of rapid HIV testing increases the number of individuals who know their HIV status and increases early access to treatment. Treatment with HAART during pregnancy and breastfeeding reduces HIV transmission to levels observed in formula feed populations. Male circumcision is recommended as a means for decreasing transmission of HIV to males. International guidelines require frequent revisions to keep pace with clinical advances to ensure that all HIV-infected individuals benefit from life-saving treatment. Guidelines should integrate diseases to avoid disjointed recommendations, for example HIV and TB. Contact tracing has been ignored as a means of preventing HIV transmission, raising ethical concerns related t...
Protein disulphide isomerase in platelet function

Platelet protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) has a role in platelet aggregation, probably targeting a thiol-containing platelet surface protein. The thiol-containing P2Y(12) ADP receptor is involved in aggregation induced by most agonists and may be the target of PDI. By excluding the P2Y(12) pathway and using the anti-PDI antibody RL90 this study showed that PDI targets a non-P2Y(12) thiol-protein in aggregation. Anti-PDI inhibited signalling-independent activation of the thiol-containing fibrinogen receptor alphaIIbbeta3 by Mn(2+), suggesting that PDI directly interacts with alphaIIbbeta3. The thiol-containing form of PDI increased on the platelet surface with platelet activation, suggesting that active PDI readily becomes available for redox regulation of alphaIIbbeta3. Finally, using purified proteins PDI had greater ability to isomerize disulphide bonds than the alphaIIbbeta3 integrin, which also has PDI-like activity. In summary, a mechanism exists in platelets to increase the functional form of surface PDI and this PDI has a non-P2Y(12) target that may be alphaIIbbeta3.
Stressors associated with the school spillover of college undergraduates

Abstract In this paper, stressors associated with university students’ school spillover are examined. Spillover occurs when stress transfers from one domain to another (e.g., school to family). Data were taken from a sample of undergraduates age 18–29 enrolled at a mid-size Midwestern university ( N = 250). The strongest associations with school spillover were those related to academics and coursework, and interpersonal conflicts. Among the significant stressors, undergraduate women were more likely than men to report family issues as causing them stress. Undergraduate women also reported significantly higher levels of school spillover than men. The likelihood of experiencing the considered stressors did not vary by age or class level, nor did school spillover. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Effects of antioxidant components of AREDS vitamins and zinc ions on endothelial cell activation: implications for macular degeneration.

Purpose. To investigate whether the benefit of Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) formula multivitamins and zinc in the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may occur through inhibiting inflammatory events in the choroid.
Analysis of the 1 December 2011 Wasatch Downslope Windstorm

AbstractA downslope windstorm on 1 December 2011 led to considerable damage along a narrow 50-km swath at the western base of the Wasatch Mountains in northern Utah. The strongest surface winds began suddenly at 0900 UTC, primarily in the southern portion of the damage zone. Surface winds reached their peak intensity with gusts to 45 m s−1 at ~1600 UTC, while the strongest winds shifted later to the northern end of the damage swath. The northward shift in strong surface winds relates to the rotation of synoptic-scale flow from northeasterly to easterly at crest level, controlled by an evolving anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking event. A rawinsonde released at ~1100 UTC in the midst of strong (>35 m s−1) easterly surface wind intersected a rotor and sampled the strong inversion that surmounted it. The windstorm’s evolution was further examined via Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations initialized from North American Mesoscale Model analyses ~54 h before the windstorm onset. The Control model si...
Ion-polar molecule collisions. A modification of the average dipole orientation theory: The model.

Abstract The average dipole orientation (ADO) theory of ion-polar molecule capture collisions is reformulated in terms of the average cosine, cos θ . The earlier formulation used an average angle, θ , in the effective potential that is used to develop expressions for the cross section and rate constant. The cos θ and θ models give virtually identical results for thermal energy capture rate constants.
Long-term renal and systemic effects of calcium entry blockers in normotensive and experimental hypertensive dogs.

Abstract The effect of diltiazem administered as a sustained infusion (10 to 15 μg/kg/min) was studied in 3 groups of conscious instrumented dogs: 4 normotensive, 5 Goldblatt hypertensive (GH) and 4 deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treated Goldblatt hypertensive (DSGH) dogs. Mean arterial blood pressure, left renal blood flow and heart rate were monitored, and the plasma renin activity was determined in a control session and after 3 to 5 days of diltiazem infusion in the normotensive and after 5 to 8 days of infusion in the 2 hypertensive groups. Pressor and renal blood flow responses to phenylephrine, norepinephrine and angiotensin II were also determined in the control session and on the last day of the diltiazem infusion. Mean arterial blood pressure was found to be decreased at the 5 to 8-day interval in the DSGHs and in the GHs, but the change in the latter group was not statistically significant. Mean arterial blood pressure was unchanged in the normotensives. Renal vascular resistance was decreased by diltiazem in the normotensive group at 3 to 5 days and in the DSGHs at 1 to 2 days. Heart rate was not significantly affected by diltiazem in the hypertensive groups, but was increased in the normotensive group at the 1 to 2-day interval. Plasma renin activity tended to increase in the hypertensive, but not in the normotensive dogs. Pressor and renal blood flow responses to all the agonist agents tested were decreased in the presence of diltiazem. The hypotensive effect of diltiazem was more prominent in the conscious DSGHs than in the normotensive dogs or GHs; a decrease in renal vascular resistance was seen in both the normotensive and DSGH groups. Hypotension in these animals may be related at least in part to depression of vasoconstrictor stimuli.
Inductive Discipline, Parental Expression of Disappointed Expectations, and Moral Identity in Adolescence

Within the fields of socialization and moral development, the relationship of parenting to adolescents’ sense of morality and self has been understudied. This study investigated the relationships between perceived parental disciplinary techniques and moral identity among early and middle adolescents. Participants included 93 (54% female) 5th, 8th and 10th graders, as well as their mothers. Students completed self-report measures concerning their mothers’ disciplinary techniques and moral self-concept; mothers reported specifically on parental discipline frequency. The parental discipline measure was structured in terms of Hoffman’s typology of induction, love withdrawal, and power assertion. Adolescents reported the frequency of their mothers’ disciplinary techniques, as well as their perceptions (fairness or appropriateness evaluations, emotional reactions) concerning their mothers’ most frequently used technique. Parental induction (orienting the transgressor to the plight of the victim) and expression of disappointed expectations were viewed as more appropriate and responded to with more positive emotion and guilt relative to other disciplinary techniques (e.g., power assertion). In addition, parental use of inductive discipline (including parental disappointment) during the adolescent years related to higher moral identity, defined in terms of the ascription of specifically moral (e.g., fair, kind) over non-moral (e.g., athletic, smart) qualities to the self. In contrast, love withdrawal and power assertion did not relate to moral identity. The findings suggest that parental expression of disappointed expectations, especially when perceived favorably, plays an important role in the formation of moral identity during the adolescent years.
A high-brightness crossed-roof polarization-output-coupled Yb:YAG laser

Summary form only given.Diode-pumped Yb:YAG technology's maturation has seen ever brighter lasers in resonator configurations suited to its unique properties. We have now incorporated our side-pumped Yb:YAG head, which, in its 2-mm embodiment generated a 450 W multimode cw beam from a minimal-length resonator, into a thermally corrected crossed-roof polarization-output-coupled resonator. It produced high brightness polarized output.
Spin dephasing in quantum wires

We study high-field spin transport in a quantum wire using a semiclassical approach. Spin dephasing (or spin depolarization) in the wire is caused by D'yakonov-Perel' relaxation associated with bulk inversion asymmetry (Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling) and structural inversion asymmetry (Rashba spin-orbit coupling). The depolarization rate is found to depend strongly on the initial polarization of the spin. If the initial polarization is along the axis of the wire, the spin depolarizes \ensuremath{\sim}100 times slower compared to the case when the initial polarization is transverse to the wire axis. We also find that in the range 4.2\char21{}50 K, temperature has a weak influence and the driving electric field has a strong influence on the depolarization rate. The steady state distribution of the spin components parallel and transverse to the wire axis also depend on the initial polarization. If the initial polarization is along the wire axis, then the steady state distribution of both components is a flat-topped uniform distribution, whereas if the initial polarization is transverse to the wire axis, then the distribution of the longitudinal component resembles a Gaussian, and the distribution of the transverse component is U shaped.
Hierarchical terrain representations for off-road navigation

For most autonomous land vehicle tasks creating the terrain representation is the greatest part of the problem. For example once a road following system represents the terrain presented to it as road and non-road it is relatively easy to plan a path through the terrain. However offroad navigation does not have the luxury of such a compact representation. An off-road planner needs a detailed map of the terrain and needs an efficient way of querying that terrain map. We have implemented a system that satisfies these two constraints for off-road navigation. We first build a Cartesian elevation map from a series oflaser range finder images. This map is a complete but intractable representation of the terrain. We use the map to build a hierarchical representation of the terrain that we call a " terrain pyramid. " Each cell at a level of the terrain pyramid holds the maximum and minimum elevation of the four cells in the level below it. We also build pyramids for various features in the Cartesian map such as terrain discontinuity and slope. The terrain pyramids are shipped to a planner module. We provide the planner module with calls to find the minimum and maximum values of a feature over any rectangle in the terrain. With these calls taking advantage of the hierarchical representation of the terrain the planner can efficiently determine a safe path through the
Effects of collisions on the trapped particle mode in a linear machine

The effects of weak Coulomb and neutral collisions on the collisionless curvature driven trapped particle mode are studied in the Columbia Linear Machine [Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1729(1986)] by means of particle‐conserving Krook and Fokker–Planck operators. Both types of collisionality are then combined, modeling neutral collisions with the conserving Krook and Coulomb collisions with a Lorentz model. The dispersion relation is then integrated over velocity space. Low Coulomb collisionality yields a small stabilizing correction to the magnetohydrodynamic collisionless mode, which scales as νe using the Krook model and ν1/2eC using a Lorentz pitch‐angle operator. In higher collisionality regimes, both models tend to yield similar scalings.