cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of energy metabolism in the transplanted human heart during reperfusion.

Reperfusion after ischemia of the heart generates further damage to the myocardium through a variety of mechanisms including free radical generation, calcium overload, and abnormalities of energetics. In this study, the uptake and release of metabolites involved in energy metabolism were investigated during 45 minuues of reperfusion of donor human heart after transplantation to evaluate the nature of the metabolic abnormalities and the time course of recovery. Analysis of coronary sinus and arterial blood samples in 11 transplant recipients showed the following: (1) In the first minute of reperfusion, lactate release was observed accompanied by an uptake of pyruvate, resulting in a markedly elevated lactate/pyruvate ratio. The pH value of coronary sinus blood was lower than that of arterial blood by 0.1 unit, inorganic phosphate was released, and a massive efflux of nucleotide catabolites was observed. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation of coronary sinus blood was almost equal to that of arterial blood, showing minimal myocardial oxygen extraction. Coronary flow was approximately 300 ml/min at reperfusion with minor changes in the first minute. (2) From the second minute onward, pyruvate was released for over 45 minutes, contrasting with the first minute of reperfusion. Lactate was significantly released for up to 10 minutes of reperfusion, but myocardial uptake of lactate was not restored by the end of the observation period. However, the lactate/pyruvate ratio in coronary sinus blood recovered at the onset of this phase. Both pH changes in coronary sinus blood and phosphate release were restored within 5 minutes, but release of nucleotide catabolites was still significant after 30 minutes of reperfusion. The oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in coronary sinus blood decreased gradually in a biphasic mode over the 45 minutes, indicating gradual restoration of myocardial oxygen uptake. Coronary flow measured for up to 10 minutes of reperfusion decreased to a minimal value of 200 ml/min in the third minute, followed by restoration of initial flow. These data highlight the profound alterations in energy metabolism that occur during reperfusion of the transplanted heart. These changes, which may result from the preceding ischemia and impaired oxidative metabolism at the onset of reperfusion, were partially reversed in the first minutes. However, impaired pyruvate and lactate use and underperfusion reflected by the release of purine catabolites persisted for a period of more than 30 minutes of reperfusion.
A framework using service oriented architecture in a community information and referral system

People in crisis often do not know where to find help in their community. The 2-1-1 system is a new service where anyone can get current information about local community services, via internet or telephone. We propose a framework for information and referral systems that provides stability, integrates with other systems, and is sustainable over time. We use a service oriented architecture, and include an ontology that utilizes XML and RDF to deliver requested data to the user. A taxonomy system that is consistent with other referral services can be implemented. Our framework is adaptable and it provides a possible way to standardize 2-1-1 systems.
The Right to Exclude Immigrants Does Not Imply the Right to Exclude Newcomers by Birth

A recent challenge to statist arguments defending the right of states to exclude prospective immigrants maintains that such statist arguments prove too much. Specifically, the challenge argues that statist arguments, insofar as they are correct, entail that states may permissibily exclude current members' newcomers by birth, which seems to violate a widely held intuition that members' newcomers by birth ought automatically to be granted membership rights. The basic claim is that statist arguments cannot account for the differntial treatment between prospective immigrants and newcomers by birth. Call this the newcomer-by-birth objection. This article rejects the newcomer-by-birth rejection. It begins by sketching the precise extent to which the objection applies to statist arguments. It then examines the case of newcomers by birth and argues for a principled basis for treating them differentially from prospective immigrants such that a right to exclude prospective immigrants need not entail a right to exclude newcomers by birth. But this distinction holds only in most cases, not all, and therefore the newcomer-by-birth objection is not entirely defeated. With respect to the cases in which the objection does hold, it is argued that such cases are morally akin to international adoption, and thus morally benign. All considered, statist arguments easily survive the newcomer-by-birth objection.
Designing homes for senior citizens

From the designer's perspective, we ideally look to answer several considerations catering to the end user needs. It is always challenging to design concerning specific age groups where we tend to respond beyond the design standards as such. This paper will help you to comprehend that there is a list of things you ought to keep in mind while designing homes for elderly people.
Non-stationary source localization using direction of arrival measurements from multiple in-air vector sensors

Vector sensors utilize a combination of pressure sensors, particle velocity sensors, or both, to determine the acoustic intensity magnitude and direction pointing toward an acoustic source. This acoustic intensity vector is often referred to as the Direction of Arrival (DOA). By combining DOA information from multiple vector sensor measurement locations, a sound source may be instantaneously localized. The majority of vector sensor research has been conducted for underwater applications. A few studies of in-air vector sensors, which utilize multiple microphones, have been conducted; however, the majority of them study stationary sound sources in a laboratory environment or non-real-world settings. The focus of this paper is to study in-air vector sensor capabilities when sensing non-stationary mechanical noise sources—specifically ground vehicles—in a non-laboratory environment where ambient noise may be present. The DOA measurements at multiple vector sensor locations are used to test the acoustic source localization potential for this method. Vector sensors utilize a combination of pressure sensors, particle velocity sensors, or both, to determine the acoustic intensity magnitude and direction pointing toward an acoustic source. This acoustic intensity vector is often referred to as the Direction of Arrival (DOA). By combining DOA information from multiple vector sensor measurement locations, a sound source may be instantaneously localized. The majority of vector sensor research has been conducted for underwater applications. A few studies of in-air vector sensors, which utilize multiple microphones, have been conducted; however, the majority of them study stationary sound sources in a laboratory environment or non-real-world settings. The focus of this paper is to study in-air vector sensor capabilities when sensing non-stationary mechanical noise sources—specifically ground vehicles—in a non-laboratory environment where ambient noise may be present. The DOA measurements at multiple vector sensor locations are used to test the acoustic sourc...
Increasing Educational Attainment in Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease

Adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD), a chronic condition primarily impacting African Americans, experience challenges graduating high school. Understanding demographic, educational, and community-level correlates of disease is critical to creating effective interventions for these youths. This study aimed to examine 1) educational attainment for adolescents with SCD, 2) neighborhood correlates of their education, and 3) feasibility of a pilot to increase General Education Diploma (GED) class enrollment. Findings suggest demographic characteristics influence educational attainment. Improving educational attainment in adolescents with SCD requires understanding risk beyond disease severity. Identifying risk and protective neighborhood-level factors can inform interventions to improve educational attainment. Feasibility of programming to increase GED enrollment should be further investigated.
Noncarbapenems for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria.

OBJECTIVES Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are resistant to many conventional therapies, including third-generation cephalosporins. Carbapenems are considered first-line agents for ESBL infections, but their use is associated with increased multidrug resistance and should be reserved when absolutely necessary. Because of the increased rates of UTIs caused by ESBL-producing organisms and incidence of carbapenem resistance, safe and effective alternatives to carbapenems are needed. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes associated with the treatment of ESBL UTIs with noncarbapenem antibiotics. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of adults with ESBL UTIs was conducted at a community hospital. Patients were categorized as those receiving definitive carbapenem therapy and those receiving definitive noncarbapenem therapy. Calculated measurements included infection-related mortality, length of hospital stay, and duration of definitive antibiotic therapy. Microbiological failure was assessed as a secondary outcome. Data on the safety of antibiotic therapy were not collected. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Fifty patients met inclusion criteria for the study, divided evenly between the two cohorts. No statistical differences were observed for length of hospital stay (P = 0.601), duration of therapy (P = 0.398), or rate of microbiological failure between the groups (P = 0.115). CONCLUSIONS Noncarbapenems did not demonstrate significant differences compared with carbapenems in the treatment of adults with ESBL UTIs. In certain patient populations, noncarbapenems that demonstrate in vitro activity may be appropriate for UTIs caused by ESBL-producing organisms.
On a stochastic theory of grain growth

Abstract A theory of isothermal grain growth in polycrystalline solids, which treats grain growth as a statistical or stochastic process, is presented. In this treatment deterministic equation for the rate of grain growth is made stochastic by the addition of a “noise” term. The noise or fluctuations are used to model the effect of complex topologically connected structure of the specimen on grain boundary motion, in addition to such motion directed by surface tension forces. Such considerations lead to a second order partial differential equation (Fokker-Planck equation) for the grain size distribution. Many of the major attributes of grain growth are shown to be a natural consequence of this equation. The solution obtained for this equation is a modified form of Rayleigh distribution which in many respects is similar of log normal distribution. Grain size distribution is also obtained from independent statistical consideration and is shown to be approximately log normal. Extension of the mathematical analysis to the case of Ostwald ripening is indicated.
Recent Developments in Thermally Insulating Materials Based on Geopolymers—a Review Article

The evolution of trapped geothermal heat in hot underground mine along with emission of toxic gases and dust during mine activity makes the mine environment unfavorable is hazardous to worker’s health. This imposes significant demand on cooling and ventilation systems. As a result, substantial costs are incurred while implementing environmental regulation processes to dissipate the heat and provide comfortable working conditions. Thus, as an alternative, the development of cost effective materials to act as efficient thermal insulators is on the rise. Thermal conductivity is an important property that is a direct measure of a material’s ability to facilitate/deter heat flow. In addition to their superior chemical resistance, adequate mechanical strength, abrasion and fire retardant as well as environmental benefits in comparison to existing building materials such as ordinary Portland cement, aluminosilicate based geopolymers are now gaining widespread interest as promising thermally insulating and sustainable materials. This paper begins with an overview of geopolymers, transitioning into a discussion of recent developments in the field of geopolymer development as a thermally insulating material broadly classified into: filled geopolymers and porous geopolymers resulting in structures with enhanced ability to impede heat flow.
Gene expression in meniscus tears at the time of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy predicts osteoarthritis progression

Objectives:While meniscus tears are associated with an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA), it is not possible to predict which patients are at the highest risk for developing OA....
Social responses to and motivation involving knitting vlog viewing

This project explores social psychological factors and motivation involving vlogs, filling gaps in the understanding of viewing needs and outcomes of this new cultural practice. An exploratory onli...
Molecular Genetic Landscape of Sclerosing Pneumocytomas

Objectives Sclerosing pneumocytomas are rare pulmonary neoplasms that are typically benign. However, rare patients experience progressive disease, and therapy targeting specific genetic underpinnings could be an attractive therapeutic option. Recent studies have found recurrent AKT 1 mutations in sclerosing pneumocytoma, but little is known about whether oncogenic fusion genes may also be present. Methods To better understand the genetic background, 10 sclerosing pneumocytomas were subjected to next-generation sequencing cancer mutation panel testing (n = 9) and/or RNA sequencing (n = 3). The patients were all women (average age, 47 years; range, 17-74 years). Results Eight patients had solitary sclerosing pneumocytomas, while one had two tumors, and one had many bilateral tumors. Recurrent mutations were noted in genes involved in the mTOR pathway, including AKT1, PIK3R1, and PTEN. AKT1 alterations were particularly common, present in 78%. No recurrent genetic fusions were identified. The patient in our study with multiple bilateral lesions was treated with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus, with no objective radiographic evidence of treatment response after 4 months. Conclusions Our data further support that abnormal activation of the mTOR pathway is a consistent genetic event in sclerosing pneumocytoma. This warrants further exploration to determine if mTOR pathway inhibitors may be effective in patients with metastatic or recurrent disease.
Two-step growth of β-Ga2O3 films on (100) diamond via low pressure chemical vapor deposition

One of the major challenges in β-Ga2O3-based high power and high frequency devices is anticipated to be related to the low thermal conductivity of the material which is on the order of 10–30 W/m K. The use of diamond (thermal conductivity ∼2000 W/m K) as a substrate can be one effective approach for achieving better thermal management in β-Ga2O3-based devices. In this work, low pressure chemical vapor deposition was used to grow β-Ga2O3 films on (100) oriented, single-crystalline diamond substrates. A two-step growth technique was employed to avoid the oxidation of the diamond surface at high temperatures. From x-ray diffraction measurements, the β-Ga2O3 films grew along the ⟨ − 201 ⟩ crystalline axis with the β-Ga2O3 (002) planes rotated by ±24.3–27° with respect to the diamond (111) planes. High-magnification scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed an abrupt β-Ga2O3/diamond interface without any voids which is essential for the high rate of heat transfer across the interface. N-type electrical conductivity was measured in a Si-doped β-Ga2O3 film with 1.4 × 1019 cm−3 electron concentration and ∼3 cm2/V s electron mobility. This work demonstrates the feasibility of heteroepitaxy of β-Ga2O3 films on diamond substrates for potential device design and device fabrication with efficient thermal management.
Recent developments in health law.

As of July 1, 2008, females aged 11-26 years seeking status as permanent residents in the United States must produce documentation that they have received the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine before the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services will approve their status adjustment. Immigration rights activists and public health officials have objected to this new requirement on the grounds that it is unnecessary and imposes unreasonable barriers to lawful immigration due to its expense. The Supreme Court has generally upheld mandatory vaccination requirements for citizens and non-citizens and has tolerated federal immigration regulations that would be unconstitutional if applied to citizens. However, the HPV vaccination requirement may be arbitrary, unnecessary, and discriminatory as applied to green card applicants who pose no greater threat to public health than citizens who are not subject to the same requirements. Furthermore, the requirement may also impose unreasonable restraints on aliens individual liberties as well as real barriers to immigration.
Contact force sensors in minimally invasive catheters: current and future applications.

Advances in catheter design for minimally invasive surgery have brought about the incorporation of contact force (CF) sensors in catheters. Two main approaches to achieve CF sensing at the catheter...
Paranormal Activity: Self-control Theory and Belief in the Paranormal

Recent survey data show that belief in the paranormal – including aliens, ghosts, telepathy, mind reading, and unlucky numbers – is widespread in the United States. Given the ubiquitous nature of p...
Generalized peritonitis in cattle

In a retrospective study, 31 cases of generalized, severe peritonitis in cattle were reviewed for the period between 1993-1997. Historical, clinical, laboratory and PM were analysed. Physical examination findings were non-specific. The more consistent findings were depression, anorexia, decreased faecal output, and varying degrees of dehydration. Most cases of generalized peritonitis in cattle occurred peripartum. Clinical examination alone was not always adequate to establish the diagnosis. Haematological findings were non-specific, with both neutrophilia and neutropenia found in affected cattle. The clinicopathological findings did not correlate significantly with the duration of the condition. Serum chemistry profiles revealed hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia, and hypokalaemia. Twenty-three cases showed hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia was noticed in 15 cases. Serum urea nitrogen and creatinine were increased in 11 cases. Increased plasma fibrinogen was recorded in four of the five cases in which it was estimated. Abdominocentesis, performed in 11 animals, was helpful in reaching a clinical diagnosis. Perforating abomasal ulcers (type V) caused peritonitis in 7 of the 20 cases where a cause of peritonitis could be determined.
Quartet-Based Inference is Statistically Consistent Under the Unified Duplication-Loss-Coalescence Model.

MOTIVATION The classic multispecies coalescent (MSC) model provides the means for theoretical justification of incomplete lineage sorting-aware species tree inference methods. This has motivated an extensive body of work on phylogenetic methods that are statistically consistent under MSC. One such particularly popular method is ASTRAL, a quartet-based species tree inference method. Novel studies suggest that ASTRAL also performs well when given multi-locus gene trees in simulation studies. Further, Legried et al. recently demonstrated that ASTRAL is statistically consistent under the gene duplication and loss model (GDL). GDL is prevalent in evolutionary histories and is the first core process in the powerful duplication-loss-coalescence evolutionary model (DLCoal) by Rasmussen and Kellis. RESULTS In this work we prove that ASTRAL is statistically consistent under the general DLCoal model. Therefore, our result supports the empirical evidence from the simulation-based studies. More broadly, we prove that the quartet-based inference approach is statistically consistent under DLCoal.
Representative Modules for Accelerated Thermal Cycling and Static Load Testing

In this work, we explore the influence of module size on the rate of interconnect solder bond thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) damage and the probability of cell fracture. For the solder bond TMF damage evaluation, structural mechanics models of crystalline silicon PV models are created to solve with the Finite Element Method. For the probability of cell fracture evaluation, Weibull analysis and weakest link theory are employed to resolve the probability of crystalline silicon PV cell fracture when measured as bare cells and when stressed in reduced- and full-sized modules. Results conclusively demonstrate that the rate of solder bond TMF damage is independent of module size, interconnect location across the cell and cell location across the module and that smaller, representative, modules must be loaded to a much higher level than their parent full-sized modules to achieve an equivalent driving force for cell fracture.
Increased use of split liver grafts in adult recipients following implementation of a pediatric liver transplant program.

Background Split liver transplantation (SLT) is a strategy to address organ shortage, but is a technically more demanding procedure than whole graft liver transplantation (LT). We aimed to determine the outcomes following SLT in adult recipients as well as to highlight the impact that having a pediatric LT program has on SLT implementation. Methods All SLTs conducted at a single-center from 2010 to 2019 were identified. Patient data was obtained through retrospective review of the electronic medical record. Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed primary outcomes of 1-,3-, and 5-year graft and patient survival. Results We identified 37 SLTs performed at our institution from 2010 to 2019. Twenty-four donated livers resulted in 21 extended right lobes and 16 left lateral segments for adults and pediatrics recipients, respectively. Eighty-one percent (30/37) of the SLTs were performed after introduction of the combined pediatric program in 2016. 13/24 donor livers were split with both grafts allocated and used at our institution and 92% occurred after introduction of the pediatric program. Graft survival rates at 1-, 3-, and 5-years were 94% in adult recipients and 100% for all time periods in pediatric recipients. Actuarial post-transplant patient survival was 100% at 1-, 3-, and 5-years in both. Conclusions The introduction of a pediatric liver transplantation program resulted in more than a fourfold increase in the number of SLTs performed at our center. Increase in allocation and use of both grafts at our institution was also seen.
Knowledge acquisition and structuring by multiple experts in a group support systems environment

This study addresses the impact of Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) on expert system development by multiple Domain Experts. Current approaches to building expert systems rely heavily on knowledge acquisition and prototyping by a Knowledge Engineer working directly with the Domain Expert. Although the complexity of knowledge domains and new organizational approaches demand the involvement of multiple experts, standard procedures limit the ability of the Knowledge Engineer to work with more than one expert at a time. Group Decision Support Systems offer a networked computerized environment for group work activities, in which multiple experts may express their ideas concurrently and anonymously through the electronic channel. GDSS systems have been widely used in other applications to support idea generation, conflict management, and the organizing, prioritizing, and synthesizing of ideas. The effects of many group process and technical factors on GDSS have been widely studied and documented. A review of the literature on expert systems, GDSS, and GDSS in relation to expert systems was conducted. Knowledge gained from this review was applied in the construction of an exploratory research model intended to provide the necessary breadth to identify factors worthy of future, more statistically-based, investigation. Domain Experts represented by college students were charged with developing and prioritizing ideas for creating a pre-prototypical expert system. The treatment group worked in a GDSS environment with a facilitator; a control group worked with a facilitator but without the assistance of GDSS. Each group then exchanged facilitators and technology to address another real-life problem. Additional groups worked with GDSS over time, addressing both problems. Data were gathered, analyzed and discussed relating to group efficiency factors, group process factors, attitudinal factors, and product quality factors. Independent Knowledge Engineers and Domain Experts evaluated the validity and verifiability of the group products. Analysis focused on the effect of GDSS in facilitating the acquisition and structuring of ideas for expert systems by multiple Domain Experts.
Massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage

Abstract Massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage requiring immediate surgery occurred during an attempted transseptal left heart catheterization in which the percutaneous approach to a femoral vein was used. Considerations of the anatomy of the area, the structure of venous walls, the pressure relationships in and around veins, and the technics used suggest that this complication should be watched for carefully.
Spatial and temporal variability in the diet of anadromous Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, in northern Labrador

Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of anadromous Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, was determined from over 2500 prey-containing stomachs collected from three stock complex areas in northern Labrador. Based on the percent wet mass, sand lance, Ammodytes spp., capelin, Mallotus villosus, and sculpins, Triglops spp. and Myoxocephalus spp., were the most important components of the diet in the Voisey stock complex, with capelin, sand lance, and hyperiid amphipods, Parathemisto spp., dominating in the Nain region. In contrast, hyperiid amphipods and sculpins were the main prey items in the more northern Hebron—Saglek complex indicating that diet differs among stocks, and at times over limited spatial scales. The relative importance of prey varied with size of predator. Mean weight of charr has declined over time (p < 0.01), and for one stock complex, is highly correlated with the average quantity of capelin found in the stomachs (r2 = 0.66, p < 0.001). Dietary shifts observed in anadromous charr in some areas of northern Labrador could be associated, in part, with changes in the distribution of capelin in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, possibly as a result of anomalous ocean climate conditions.
Particle reworking in Great Lakes sediments: in-situ tracer studies using rare earth elements

A rare-earth-element (REE) tracer technique for measuring sediment transport rates is described. It utilizes the high neutron-capture cross section of samarium oxide and neutron activation analysis to trace the burial and lateral transport rates of surficial sediments in the littoral (scuba diver depths) and profundal (manned submersible depths) of the Great Lakes. The REE tracer was prepared as a pellet encapsulated in a cylindrical cake of ice. This method permitted the tracer to be carried to the lake bottom without any loss and allowed the tracer particles to be gently deposited at the sediment-water interface as the ice melted. The purpose of the measurements is to determine the mass balance of contaminants in the lakes. After 23 days, 11 undisturbed punch cores were collected and analyzed. The results are presented, and needed improvements of the method are identified. >
Defibrillator implantations for primary prevention in the United States: Inappropriate care or inadequate documentation: Insights from the National Cardiovascular Data ICD Registry

Background Prior studies have reported that more than 20% of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantations in the United States do not adhere to trial-based criteria. Objective We sought to investigate the patient characteristics associated with not meeting the inclusion criteria of the clinical trials that have demonstrated the efficacy of primary prevention ICDs. Methods Using data from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's ICD Registry, we identified patients who received ICDs for primary prevention from January 2006 to December 2008. We determined whether patients met the inclusion criteria of at least 1 of the 4 ICD primary prevention trials: Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT), MADIT-II, Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT), and the Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial (MUSTT). Results Among 150,264 patients, 86% met criteria for an ICD implantation based on trial data. The proportion of patients who did not meet trial-based criteria increased as age decreased. In multivariate analysis, the significant predictors for not meeting trial criteria included prior cardiac transplantation (odds ratio [OR] 2.1), pediatric electrophysiology operator (OR 2.0), and high-grade atrioventricular conduction disease (OR 1.4). Conclusion Among National Cardiovascular Data Registry registrants receiving first-time ICDs for primary prevention, the majority met trial-based criteria. Multivariate analyses suggested that many patients who did not meet the trial-based criteria may have had clinical circumstances that warranted ICD implantation. These findings caution against the use of trial-based indications to determine site quality metrics that could penalize sites that care for younger patients. The planned incorporation of appropriate use criteria into the ICD registry may better characterize patient- and site-level quality and performance.
Understanding AmeriCorps Service: Perspectives from Psychological Theory and Research on Volunteerism

Although national service programs such as AmeriCorps share many characteristics with volunteerism (such as sustained, prosocial action aimed at community improvement), little research has examined how theory and research relevant to volunteer behavior might help understand such service programs. We used psychological theory from the volunteerism literature to test hypotheses about how the constructs of altruistic personality, role identity, and service motivations relate to AmeriCorps satisfaction, intentions, and behavior. In a longitudinal study of 188 AmeriCorps members, personality, identity, and motivation were all associated with important service experiences and outcomes. Specifically, whereas overall motivation was related to both satisfaction and intentions, altruistic personality and AmeriCorps identity were only related to intentions. Additionally, distinct service motivations were related to specific service experiences and outcomes. Finally, AmeriCorps members who felt that their motivations were satisfied during service tended to more frequently engage in additional voluntary service-related behaviors. We discuss implications of these findings for understanding AmeriCorps service, and for potentially improving public policy initiatives concerning AmeriCorps.
A Naive-Bayes approach to Bolstered error estimation in high-dimensional spaces

Bolstered error estimation has been shown to perform better than cross-validation and competitively with bootstrap in small-sample settings. However, its performance can deteriorate in the high-dimensional settings prevalent in Genomic Signal Processing. We propose here a modification of Bolstered error estimation that is based on the principle of Naive Bayes. Rather than attempting to estimate a single variance parameter for a spherical bolstering kernel in high-dimensional spaces from a small sample, we assume an ellipsoidal kernel and estimate each univariate variance separately along each variable. In simulation results based on a model for gene-expression data and a linear SVM classification rule, the new bolstered estimator clearly outperformed the old one, as well as cross-validation and resubstitution, and was also superior to the 0.632 bootstrap except in the case where a large feature set is selected.
The Originary Wherein: Heidegger and Nishida on “the Sacred” and “the Religious”

In this paper, I explore a possible convergence between two great twentieth century thinkers, Nishida Kitarō of Japan and Martin Heidegger of Germany. The focus is on the quasi-religious language they employ in discussing the grounding of human existence in terms of an encompassing Wherein for our being. Heidegger speaks of “the sacred” and “the passing of the last god” that mark an empty clearing wherein all metaphysical absolutes or gods have withdrawn but are simultaneously indicative of an opening wherein beings are given. Nishida speaks of “the religious” dimension in the depths of one’s being, that he calls “place,” and that somehow envelops the world through its kenotic self-negation. In both we find reference to a kind of originary space—the open or place—associated with quasireligious themes. I also point to their distinct approaches to metaphysical language in their attempts to give voice to that abysmal thought.
Fluorescent spectrophotometry in the identification of bacteria.

Summary: Preliminary results on a technique for identifying bacteria by spectrophoto-fluorometry are presented. The 3 parameters involved, emission wavelength, excitation wavelength and intensity, are used to produce a topographic map characteristic of the fluorescence of the chemical bonds. Enhancement of the differences between species is possible using dyes such as acridine orange. Various improvements in the technique are presented.
All-optical incoherent negative taps for photonic signal processing

A novel all-optical technique to realise negative taps in an incoherent fibre optic transversal filter is demonstrated. The concept is based on cross gain modulation in an inhomogeneously broadened laser medium. It overcomes one of the main limitations of optical signal processing.
Endothelin ETA and ETB receptors in subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm.

The relative roles of endothelin ETA and ETB receptor activation in cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage were investigated in the rabbit. The endothelin ETA receptor antagonist, BQ610 (1 μM; homopiperidinyl-CO-Leu-D-Trp(CHO)-D-Trp-OH), and the endothelin ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, PD145065 (1 μM; Ac-D-Bhg-L-Leu-L-Asp-L-Ile-L-Ile-L-Trp), relaxed the vasospastic basilar artery in situ by 45% and 87%, respectively. These results suggest that subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm of the rabbit basilar artery is due to activation of both endothelin ETA and ETB receptors.
A Framework for Statistical Analysis of Datasets on Heterogeneous Clusters

This paper proposes a framework for the statistical analysis of multiple related datasets on heterogeneous clusters. The set of processors assigned to the framework are partitioned into groups according to rack locations, with the group sizes being chosen to match the degree of concurrency in the analysis procedure. The datasets are initially divided among the groups. Dynamic loop scheduling is employed to address load imbalance arising from the differences in computational powers of groups, the variability of dataset sizes, and the unpredictable irregularities in the cluster environment. Results of preliminary tests indicate the effectiveness of the framework in fitting gamma-ray burst datasets with vector functional coefficient autoregressive time series models on 64 processors of a heterogeneous general-purpose Linux cluster
Localization of the centrin-related 165,000-Mr protein of PtK2 cells during the cell cycle

In this study, we follow changes in localization of the centrin-related 165,000-Mr protein of PtK2 cells during the cell cycle. This protein is a component of a pericentriolar lattice that consists of pericentriolar satellites, pericentriolar matrix, and basal feet (Baron A.T., and J.L. Salisbury, J. Cell Biol. 107:2669–2678, 1988). By immunofluorescence microscopy, the 165,000-Mr protein is seen as a constellation of pericentrosomal spots. We observe that cells in late G1 and S are characterized by a dense centrosomal focus of spots with additional spots dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. In G2, one bright centrosomal focus of clustered spots is observed. As the cells proceed through prophase this single focus divides, forming two foci that move toward opposite sides of the nucleus. During prometaphase, each polar focus of spots disperses. At metaphase, the spots are distributed throughout each half-cytoplast from the poles to the chromosomes. During anaphase chromosome movement, some spots are seen beside and behind the trailing chromosome arms while others are clustered at the poles. At telo-phase, pericentrosomal spots radiate from the poles to surround each mass of chromatin. In early G1, pericentrosomal spots surround each newly formed nucleus. We conclude that the 165,000-Mr protein is a dynamic component of both the centrosome (pericentriolar matrix) and the mitotic apparatus (spindle matrix).
Three-dimensional structure of the human protective protein: structure of the precursor form suggests a complex activation mechanism

Abstract Background: The human ‘protective protein' (HPP) forms a multi-enzyme complex with β -galactosidase and neuraminidase in the lysosomes, protecting these two glycosidases from degradation. In humans, deficiency of HPP leads to the lysosomal storage disease galactosialidosis. Proteolytic cleavage of the precursor form of HPP involves removal of a 2 kDa excision peptide and results in a carboxypeptidase activity. The physiological relevance of this activity is, as yet, unknown. Results The crystal structure of the 108 kDa dimer of the precursor HPP has been elucidated by making extensive use of twofold density averaging. The monomer consists of a ‘core' domain and a ‘cap' domain. Comparison with the distantly related wheat serine carboxypeptidase dimer shows that the two subunits in the HPP dimer differ by 15° in mutual orientation. Also, the helical subdomain forming part of the cap domains is very different. In addition, the HPP precursor cap domain contains a ‘maturation' subdomain of 49 residues which fills the active-site cleft. Merely removing the ‘excision' peptide located in the maturation subdomain does not render the catalytic triad solvent accessible. Conclusion The activation mechanism of HPP is unique among proteases with known structure. It differs from the serine proteases in that the active site is preformed in the zymogen, but is blocked by a maturation subdomain. In contrast to the zinc metalloproteases and aspartic proteases, the chain segment physically rendering the catalytic triad solvent inaccessible in HPP is not cleaved off to form the active enzyme. The activation must be a multi-step process involving removal of the excision peptide and major conformational changes of the maturation subdomain, whereas the conformation of the enzymatic machinery is probably almost, or completely, unaffected.
A METHOD FOR THE CONCENTRATION OF PROTEINACEOUS SOLUTIONS BY SUBMERGED COMBUSTION

Proteinaceous solutions are difficult to concentrate in conventional facilities, due to denaturation, followed by “bake-on” of insoluble material on heat exchange surfaces. Vessels used are expensive and difficult to clean and are generally heated by steam from high first-cost boilers at low fuel utilization percentages, due to, inefficiencies inherent in such units. A technique of concentrating fish hydrolysate (6–8% solids w/w) prepared by enzyme digestion was developed, using submerged combustion. In this method, combustion products of commonly available gaseous fuels are exhausted beneath the liquid surface. Heat transfer is extremely rapid and, since it occurs across bubble film surfaces, there is no bake-on. Use of secondary air cools the burner surfaces and allows regulation of bulk liquid temperature. Spray-dried material prepared from the concentrate is a fully functional protein; PER tests show high indices; fish protein averages 100% of the PER for casein. Fuel utilization is excellent; approximately 86% thermal energy input is used for evaporation. Bulk liquid temperatures were controlled from 158–169 °F in concentrating hydrolysate with initial solids contents of 6–8%. Solutions of acidities ranging from pH 2.7–5.9 were concentrated to 30% solids, using commercial propane and compressed air. The cost was approximately $0.02/lb of 30% solids solution. Air-cooled submerged combustion appears to offer a very efficient method of heating and concentrating heat-sensitive solutions without incurring the penalties of “bake-on” and difficult clean-up. Low first-cost equipment may be used; the possiblity exists of using disposable tank liners.
Shape-based mechanisms for content-based retrieval of aurora images

New image data mining mechanisms that enable content-based retrieval of images of interest from a large collection of satellite data of the Earth's aurorae are described. The mechanisms enable mining for wide aurorae, aurorae with large ovals, standard aurorae, and theta aurorae. Shape characteristics of these classes of aurorae are exploited by the mining mechanisms. Experimental results that benchmark the accuracy of the mechanisms are also presented.
Some possible errors in snow-sampling

In 1941, tests were conducted by the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station to determine the possible errors in snow-sampling resulting from the use of inexperienced men and different instruments of the same type. The conclusions drawn from this study are: (1) All new survey-crews should be trained carefully in the technique for measuring snow under all expected snow-conditions. (2) The Utah snow-tube, together with an iso-elastic scale reading to tenths of ounces, is capable of good precision if handled by a well-trained crew. The error of this instrument in sampling snow at a single spot is about ± 0.53 ounce (or about one-half inch of water). (3) As there may be some variation between individual instruments, it is desirable to use a single instrument for all precise measurements to be compared with each other.
Correlations of Collaborative School Cultures with Student Achievement

The purpose of this study was to investigate the salience of collaborative cultures relative to student achievement. School culture data was collected from the faculties of 81 schools in Indiana during the spring semester of the 2002-03 school year using survey methodology. The data from these schools provided scores on six factors found in the survey. These six factors were then correlated with student achievement to determine whether features of collaborative cultures tend to exist where high test scores were reported.
Basophil histamine release activity and disease severity in chronic idiopathic urticaria.

Background Altered basophil degranulation phenotypes are found in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Objective To evaluate CIU disease severity in relation to basophil histamine release (HR) characteristics. Methods Patients with CIU were recruited from allergy and dermatology clinics. Patients with recent use of systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressants were excluded. Patients completed disease severity surveys and had blood basophils isolated and stimulated for HR using polyclonal goat anti-human IgE and N-formyl-met-leu-phe. The HR was measured using automated fluorometry. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to investigate relationships between HR data and CIU disease measures. Results Fifty patients completed surveys, of which 34 were further categorized into 2 subgroups based on basophil HR response to anti-IgE stimulation: responders (≥10% HR) and nonresponders ( P = .02) compared with nonresponders. Conclusions Quality-of-life impairment is similar in CIU basophil subsets. Patients with CIU with a basophil responder phenotype report longer disease duration, a higher frequency of emergency department use, and significantly higher itch severity.
Education: A general-purpose display processing and tutorial system

ADEPT (ADisplay-Expedited Processing and Tutorial) system is described. This system was designed to improve man-computer communications by employing a display unit to interleave tutoring with other computer operations such as simulation, programming, and information retrieval. It is written in FORTRAN IV (G) for the IBM System/360, Model 40, and the IBM 2250 Display Unit under Operating System/360. ADEPT is a cataloged program that controls the standard operating system by terminating and rescheduling itself automatically, relinquishing computer resources allocated to it, and surrendering control to the operating system to perform other jobs. It expands the power and flexibility of computer-assisted instruction by making immediately available to students, teachers, and other users, the full resources (system-cataloged programs) of the operating system.Language processors and compilers, simulation models, mathematical solution techniques, stored data, and all other library and user programs can be incorporated into instructional material without reprogramming. Illustrations of the various applications are presented and their implications are discussed.
Advanced synthesis techniques and routes to new single-phase multiferroics

Abstract We review recent developments and advances in the synthesis of thin-film multiferroic and magnetoelectric heterostructures. Driven by the promise of new materials with built-in useful phenomena (i.e., electric field control of ferromagnetism), extensive research has been centered on the search for and characterization of new single-phase multiferroic materials. In this review we provide a brief overview of recent developments in the synthesis of thin film versions of these materials. Advances in modern film growth processes have provided access to high-quality materials for in-depth study. We highlight the use of epitaxial thin-film strain to stabilize metastable phases, drive multiferroic properties, and produce new structures and properties in materials including case studies of EuTiO3 and BiFeO3.
Toward the Purposeful Engagement of Students With Artists

ABSTRACT An examination of a music residency model in which students achieve “purposeful engagement” by working with artists as artists.
Optimum temperature and food‐limited growth of larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) on Georges Bank

We estimated recent growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae collected on the southern flank of Georges Bank in May 1992–94 from the ratio of RNA to DNA (R/D) and water temperature. Growth of both species increased with water temperature to about 7°C and then decreased. The highest growth rates were observed in May 1993 at water temperatures around 7°C. These data confirm an earlier observation of comparable temperature optima for growth of Atlantic cod and haddock larvae in the north-west Atlantic. Comparisons of field growth rates and temperature optima with data for larvae cultured at high temperatures and prey densities in the laboratory suggest that growth may have been food-limited at higher temperatures on Georges Bank. Given that 7°C is the long-term mean water temperature on the southern flank in May and that climate models predict a possible 2–4°C rise in water temperatures for the western North Atlantic, our findings point to a possible adverse effect of global warming on Atlantic cod and haddock.