cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Price and Income Elasticities for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables in an Urban Food Desert

Detroit, MI is arguably America’s worst food desert, in terms of size and number of people impacted, and is a city where there have been no full-service supermarket chains operating since 2007. This study addresses the knowledge gap concerning the demand for fruits and vegetables in a predominantly African American food desert. Using retail data from a non-profit owned retail outlet specializing in fresh fruits and vegetables in the Piety Hill community of Detroit, this study estimates the income and price elasticities of fresh fruits and vegetables among residents of this low-income, food-desert community. The results of this study show that if urban food desert consumers, from an environment that has been predominantly serviced by convenience and liquor stores for several decades, are offered a normally priced healthy good of relatively acceptable quality that is accessible by the community, they will purchase those goods. This study is a seminal approach in addressing the notion that perception, additional data, and innovative intervention strategies are required to effectively pursue long-term solutions to the urban food desert problem.
Markets and Where They Came From

Microeconomics Behavior, Institutions, and Evolution. by Samuel Bowles. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2004. 598 pp. $49.50, £32.95 ISBN 0-691-09163-3. Roundtable Series in Behavioral Economics. The author presents an evolutionary version of microeconomics that he uses to explore central questions of economic growth, organization, and institutions.
5 Jahre BRIDGE - Erfahrungen mit dem Vertriebsinformationssystem der IBM Deutschland GmbH

Die IBM Deutschland wickelte vor Einfuhrung von BRIDGE die Auftragsbearbeitung mit einem System ab, dessen Teilsysteme/Verfahren in den Jahren 1963 – 1968 entwickelt wurden (Stapelverarbeitung). Dieses historisch gewachsene System entsprach nicht mehr den veranderten und geforderten Anspruchen an Informationsaktualitat und -qualitat.
Risk and Resilience: Implications for the Delivery of Educational and Mental Health Services in Schools

Investigations of psychosocial risk have consistently identified a significant number of children reared in the most adverse circumstances who develop into competent and productive adults. Subseque...
Colour change ability and its effect on prey capture success in female Misumenoides formosipes crab spiders

1. Changing between white and yellow body colour in certain crab spider species has been interpreted as an adaptation for matching the background colour where they hunt and thereby remaining cryptic to prey and/or their own predators. The potential costs and benefits of colour change in female Misumenoides formosipes Walckenaer were investigated via assessment of prey opportunities and capture success, in conjunction with the tendency for and rate of colour change on different backgrounds. 2. It was tested whether being matched or mismatched to their background affected foraging by moving females between white and yellow inflorescences. Female colour was quantified in digital photos using the Lab colour space component of Adobe photoshop, providing the first empirical assessment of the rate of colour change for a crab spider species. 3. Insect visits (potential prey) on inflorescences with and without spiders and prey capture success with females matched and mismatched to their background were quantified. 4. Yellow females abandoned white inflorescences, whereas white females remained on and underwent colour change on yellow inflorescences. This difference supported the notion that the costs of colour change differ depending on the starting colour. Female departures from white flowers were apparently not due to a lack of insect visitation, as white inflorescences had higher visitation rates than did yellow inflorescences, even in the presence of spiders. 5. An increase in the prey capture success of females who transitioned from white to yellow body colour on a yellow background supported the hypothesis that colour matching functions to deceive prey.
Relational databases with exclusive disjunctions

The author presents a mechanism for representing exclusive disjunctive information in database tables using various tuple types and a range for the count of the number of tuples in the unknown relation denoted by a table. The relational algebra operators are extended to take the new tables as operands. Query evaluation in the extended model is sound and complete for relational algebra expressions consisting of projection, difference, Cartesian product, or selection operators. Possible storage structures for storing the base tables and algorithms for inserting tuples into a table are described. >
Molecular dynamics simulations of basal and pyramidal system edge dislocations in sapphire

Abstract Directionally solidified ceramic eutectics containing alumina as a topologically continuous majority component with, e.g., yttria-stabilized cubic-zirconia or with YAG as minority components have become of considerable interest as members of a new family of potential high temperature structural materials. The attractive creep resistance of such eutectics in fiber-form is based on their remarkably tight [0 0 0 1] texture of the alumina component in which neither the basal plane nor the prism plane can be activated to result in glide that can extend the eutectic by creep in tension. Under such conditions creep in such eutectics must be governed by climb of the (1/3) 1 ¯ 101 edge dislocations out of either the ( 11 2 ¯ 0 ) prism plane or the ( 1 1 ¯ 02 ) pyramidal plane. To develop better understanding of the core structure of these dislocations and their potential role in the creep resistance of the alumina component in eutectics with tight [0 0 0 1] textures, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out of the comparative core structures of both the (1/3) 2 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 0 basal edge dislocations and the (1/3) 1 ¯ 101 pyramidal edge dislocations on the ( 1 1 ¯ 02 ) plane in sapphire. The MD simulation revealed that the equilibrium structure of the core of the pyramidal edge dislocations undergo a dissociation into two half strength partial edge dislocations displaced vertically out of the best glide plane of cation holes with weak covalent bonding and possible fair glide resistance into two adjacent pyramidal planes of very strong covalent bonding, and consequent, very high glide resistance. While this explains the immobility in glide of such dislocations on the pyramidal system, no important structural impediment was found for their climb motion out of the pyramidal planes.
Electrocardiographic Differentiation of Occlusion of the left Circumflex Versus the Right Coronary Artery as a Cause of Inferior Acute Myocardial Infarction

To determine whether the admission electrocardiogram can identify left circumflex or right coronary artery occlusion as the cause of an inferior acute myocardial infarction (AMI), findings from electrocardiography and coronary angiography performed within 12 hours of each other were retrospectively assessed in 41 consecutive patients with inferior AMI. All patients had ST-segment elevation in 1 or more inferior leads (II, III or aVF). Of the 12 patients with circumflex coronary artery occlusion, 10 (83%) had ST-segment elevation in 1 or more lateral leads (aVL, V5 or V6) without ST-segment depression in lead I. Similar electrocardiographic findings were noted in only 1 of 29 patients (4%) with right coronary occlusion (p less than 0.001). ST-segment depression in precordial leads V1-V3 was equally prevalent in both groups. Thus, the presence of both ST-segment elevation in 2 or more inferior leads and ST-segment elevation in 1 or more lateral leads with an isoelectric or elevated ST segment in lead I identified circumflex coronary occlusion with a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 96%, positive predictive accuracy of 91% and negative predictive accuracy of 93%. When these criteria were prospectively applied to an additional cohort of 19 consecutive patients with inferior AMI (5 with left circumflex and 14 with right coronary artery occlusion), presence of left circumflex coronary artery occlusion was predicted with a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 93%, positive predictive accuracy of 100% and negative predictive accuracy of 93%. Thus, the admission 12-lead electrocardiogram can assist in differentiating left circumflex from right coronary artery occlusion in patients with inferior AMI.
Demand for Part-time Workers in the U.S. Economy: Why is the Distribution across Industries Uneven?

Abstract While there is substantial documentation of the growth in part-time employment, there are relatively few studies which address the uneven distribution of part-time workers across economic sectors. This paper examines the effects of relative labor costs, industry attributes and job task characteristics, and industry computer use on employment ratios of part-time to full-time workers across 155 industries. Results show that industry compensation, particularly health-care provision, has a significant effect on the distribution of part-timers across economic sectors. Conditions which increase the cost of turnover are negatively associated with the use of part-time labor; whereas, industry job attibutes which facilitate supervision are positively associated with industry use of part-time workers. Computer use does not have a uniform effect. Industry part-time employment ratios are examined with a logistic regression which takes into account simultaneity of supply and demand by estimating instruments for the endogenous variables.
Motion primitives for path following with a self-assembled robotic swimmer

This paper presents a control strategy based on model learning for a self-assembled robotic “swimmer”. The swimmer forms when a liquid suspension of ferro-magnetic micro-particles and a non-magnetic bead are exposed to an alternating magnetic field that is oriented perpendicular to the liquid surface. It can be steered by modulating the frequency of the alternating field. We model the swimmer as a unicycle and learn a mapping from frequency to forward speed and turning rate using locally-weighted projection regression. We apply iterative linear quadratic regulation with a receding horizon to track motion primitives that could be used for path following. Hardware experiments validate our approach.
Acyclic Choice without the Pareto Principle

In this paper we prove some versions of the Arrow Impossibility Theorem, with the collective rationality condition weakened from transitivity to acyclicity, and the Pareto condition replaced by weaker conditions. Thus this result has weaker assumptions than versions of the Arrow Theorem which have previously appeared in the literature. Consequently it is one of the strongest impossibility theorems. Our result is an extension of a recent theorem of Blair and Pollak.
Duplication and extension of the Thorneley and Lowe kinetic model for Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase catalysis using a MATHEMATICA software platform.

Abstract The Thorneley and Lowe kinetic model for nitrogenase catalysis was developed in the early to mid 1980s, and has been of value in accounting for many aspects of nitrogenase catalysis. It has also been of value by providing a model for predicting new catalytic behavior. Since its original publication, new results have been obtained and have been successfully incorporated into the model. However, the computer program used for nitrogenase simulations has not been generally available. Using kinetic schemes and assumptions previously outlined by Thorneley and Lowe, we report attempts to duplicate the original T&L kinetic simulation for Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase catalysis using an updated simulation based on the mathematica programming format, which makes it more user-friendly and more readily available. Comparisons of our simulations with the original T&L simulations are generally in agreement, but in some cases serious discrepancy is observed. Possible reasons for the differences are discussed. In addition to duplicating the original T&L model, we report effects of updating it by including information that has come to light subsequent to its original publication.
The fine structure of the microconidium of Blastomyces dermatitidis.

Aspects of the fine structure of the microconidium of the mycelial phase of the dimorphic fungal pathogenBlastomyces dermatitidis as seen by techniques of scanning and transmission electron microscopy are described and illustrated by electron micrographs. The conidia ofB. dermatitidis undergo changes in the ultrastructural appearance of the cell wall as the spore matures. The cell wall becomes irregular in its thickness and possesses two distinct layers. No discrete or unique surface spines or projections were evident when the conidium ofB. dermatitidis was viewed by scanning electron microscopy. Upon maturity there is a marked deposition of lipid material in large, multiple storage bodies which occupy much of the cytoplasmic area. However, the cytoplasmic organelles appear to retain their structural integrity.
Reliability of Ratings of Movies by Professional Movie Critics

Summary.-The ratings and narrative reviews for 3,144 motion pictures in Video Movie Guide 1989, by Mick Martin and Marsha Porter, were compared with those for the same movies in TV Movies and Video Guide, by Leonard Maltin. The correlation between these ratings was .67. The mean difference between these ratings was .55 points (stars) on a scale that ranged from zero stars to four stars. The crirics' evaluations, as indicated by these ratings and reviews, differed markedly for approximately 6.3% of the 3,144 movies, but they showed good or acceptable agreement for the remaining 93.7% of the films. The critics' evaluations showed sufficient agreement to be of substantial value to viewers of movies. Critics showed the highest agreement for westerns. The increased availability of movies on videocassettes and on cable television has stimulated increased interest in the reviews and ratings of movies by professional movie critics. Reviews and ratings of movies are presented regularly in TV Guide, television programs, syndicated newspaper columns, and in bestselling reference books such as Video Movie Guide 1989, edited by Mick Martin and Marsha Porter (1988), and TV Movies and Video Guide, edited by Leonard Maltin (1988). Wyatt and Badger (1984) found that critics' evaluations of movies could affect viewers' interest in those movies and also their subsequent evaluations of those films. Cohen (1987) reported that 41% of the customers at a videocassette library indicated that they made "heavy" use of movie reviews in making their choices of movies and that an additional 27% of them indicated that they made "medium" use of reviews when malung their selections. Only one study was found of the variations that professional critics show in their evaluations of movies. Chang (1975) found that the evaluations of 81 movies by 38 movie critics varied depending on whether those critics (a) were artistically or intellectually oriented, (b) regarded the movie director as the major influence in the production of a film, or (c) were entertainment or commercially oriented. Additional references and discussion regarding the evaluations of movies by professional critics are given by Austin (1983a, 1983b, 1989) and Wanderer (1970). No study was found that had evaluated the extent to which critics agree with each other in their reviews and ratings of a large sample of movies.
The cultural grounding of personal relationship: Friendship in North American and West African worlds

This study considers how different constructions of self and social reality influence the experience of relationship. Reflecting the relational interdependence of West African worlds, the authors hypothesized and observed that Ghanaian participants were significantly more likely than U.S.A. participants (ns = 50 each) to advocate caution toward friends and to emphasize practical assistance in friendship. Reflecting the atomistic independence of North American worlds, the authors hypothesized and observed that U.S.A. participants were significantly more likely than Ghanaian participants to indicate a large friendship network; to emphasize companionship, particularly relative to Ghanaian women; and to emphasize emotional support, particularly relative to Ghanaian nonstudents. Results suggest that friendship is not a universal form; instead, it takes different forms in different cultural worlds.
Accuracy of metamemory after traumatic brain injury: predictions during verbal learning.

The primary intent of this study was to investigate the metamemory monitoring abilities of adult survivors of at least moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) during a verbal-learning activity. Eight...
Does chair cyclo-octatetraene exist?

MINDO/3 and MNDO calculations are reported for chair cyclo-octatetraene (cis-1,5-trans-3,7-cyclo-octateraene) and for its conversions into the normal tub (all cis) isomer and into bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-2,4,7-triene.
Vitamin E supplementation increases circulating vitamin E metabolites tenfold in end-stage renal disease patients.

Vitamin E supplementation could elevate circulating vitamin E metabolites while modulating oxidative and inflammatory status in end-stage renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. Plasma concentrations of carboxyethyl-hydroxychromanols (α-and γ-CEHC), ascorbic acid, α-and γ-tocopherols, E2-isoprostanes, and inflammatory biomarkers [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP)] were measured in blood samples obtained from patients (n=11) before and after dialysis on two occasions prior to, and at 1 and 2 mon of daily vitamin E supplementation (400 IU RRR-α-tocopherol). Supplementation nearly doubled plasma α-tocopherol concentrations (from 18±0.5 to 31±1.7 μM, P<0.0001), whereas γ-tocopherol concentrations decreased (from 2.8±0.3 to 1.7±0.2 μM, P=0.001). Serum α-CEHC increased 10-fold from 68±3 to 771±175 nM (P<0.0001), and γ-CEHC increased from 837±164 to 1136±230 nM (P=0.008). Vitamin E supplementation also increased postdialysis hematocrits from 38±1% to 41±1% (P<0.001). Dietary antioxidant intakes (vitamins E and C) were low in most subjects; plasma ascorbic acid levels (88±27 μM) decreased significantly with dialysis (33±11 μM, P=0.01). Plasma Il-6, CRP, TNF-α, and free F2-isoprostane concentrations were elevated throughout the study. There is a complex relationship between chronic inflammation and oxidative stress that is not mitigated by short-term vitamin E supplementation. Importantly, serum vitamin E metabolite concentrations that increased 10-fold within 30 d of supplementation did not increase further, suggesting routes other than urine for removal of metabolites.
Collaborative filing in a document repository

We introduce an emergent, collaborative filing system. In such a system, an individual is allowed to organize a subset of documents in a repository into a personal hierarchy and share the hierarchy with others. The system generates a "consensus" hierarchy from all users' personal hierarchies, which provides a full, common, and emergent view of all documents. We believe that collaborative filing helps translate personal, tacit knowledge into sharable structures, which help the user as well a community of which he or she is a part. Our filing system is suitable for any documents from text to multimedia files. Initial results on an experimental website show promise. For a knowledge task involving extensive document retrieval, hierarchies are not only used frequently but are also effective in identifying high quality documents. One surprising finding is how often subjects use others' personal hierarchies, and upon close examination, social networks play a key role as well.
Signaling the mitochondrial unfolded protein response.

Abstract Mitochondria are compartmentalized organelles essential for numerous cellular functions including ATP generation, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, nucleotide and amino acid metabolism as well as apoptosis. To promote biogenesis and proper function, mitochondria have a dedicated repertoire of molecular chaperones to facilitate protein folding and quality control proteases to degrade those proteins that fail to fold correctly. Mitochondrial protein folding is challenged by the complex organelle architecture, the deleterious effects of electron transport chain-generated reactive oxygen species and the mitochondrial genome's susceptibility to acquiring mutations. In response to the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins beyond the organelle's chaperone capacity, cells mount a mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt ). The UPR mt is a mitochondria-to-nuclear signal transduction pathway resulting in the induction of mitochondrial protective genes including mitochondrial molecular chaperones and proteases to re-establish protein homeostasis within the mitochondrial protein-folding environment. Here, we review the current understanding of UPR mt signal transduction and the impact of the UPR mt on diseased cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Import and Quality Control in Mitochondria and Plastids.
Cervical sarcomas: an analysis of incidence and outcome.

Abstract Objective. Cervical sarcomas are exceedingly rare neoplasms associated with a poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to examine the treatment and outcome of women with cervical sarcomas. Methods. A hospital-based tumor registry was searched to identify all patients with cervical sarcomas treated between 1986 and 2003. The medical records of all patients were reviewed. All pathologic specimens were reviewed by a single pathologist. Results. Among 1583 with cervical malignancies, 8 cervical sarcomas were identified. All patients presented with vaginal bleeding. The lesions were clinically staged as IB1 (2), IB2 (4), IIIA (1), and IIIB (1). Five of the tumors were carcinosarcomas. Other histologies included sarcoma NOS (12.5%), leiomyosarcoma (12.5%), and endometrial stromal sarcoma (12.5%). Initial treatment included surgery in 5 patients, radiation in 2, and chemoradiation in 1. Six patients were treated with curative intent, 5 received adjuvant therapy. While both patients treated palliatively died from progressive disease, the other 6 patients remain alive after a mean follow-up of 2.5 years. Two patients have recurred. One patient underwent a thoracotomy for an isolated pulmonary metastasis and is alive with no evidence of disease. The second patient developed pulmonary metastases and is alive 8 months after recurrence. Conclusions. Cervical sarcomas are rare neoplasms. Most patients present with vaginal bleeding and a palpable cervical mass. While the optimal management of these tumors is uncertain, aggressive primary therapy can result in prolonged survival and cure.
1-thiocarbamoyl-2-imidazolidinone, a metabolite of niridazole in Schistosoma mansoni.

Niridazole, a nitro heterocyclic antischistosomal drug, is extensively metabolized to unknown metabolites by Schistosoma mansoni. We report that 1-thiocarbamoyl-2-imidazolidinone was isolated by high pressure liquid chromatography and identified by high resolution electron impact mass spectroscopy as a niridazole metabolite in schistosomes. After a 20-h in vitro incubation in 30 ml of medium containing 10 μg ml−1 [14C]niridazole (5.2 Ci mol−1), 100 S. mansoni worm pairs contained approximately 275 ng of 1-thiocarbamoyl-2-imidazolidinone. This amount represented 4% of the total metabolized fraction of niridazole in the parasite. Incubation of schistosomes with 1-thiocarbamoyl-2-[2 14C]imidazolidinone (2.7 Ci mol−1) indicated that this metabolite was not taken up. However, schistosomes released an average of 44 ng ml−1 or 1% of the total 1-thiocarbamoyl-2-imidazolidinone found in the worm back into 1 ml of medium during incubation. No host oxidative metabolites of niridazole were found in the parasites.
Ozone processing of MBE grown of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ films

Results of a new process for producing high-quality thin films of the YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ superconducting oxide are presented. This process uses a reactive ozone vapor at a molar rate commensurate with evaporated metal rates under true UHV conditions. A film exhibiting a superconducting onset at 87 K and zero resistance at 82 K was obtained. It was c-axis oriented and contained no second phases as determined by X-ray diffraction. The failure to produce good films by depositing BaF/sub 2/ rather than barium in this configuration was noted. YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ was formed when diatomic oxygen was used in place of the ozone vapor under nearly identical conditions. The use of pure ozone vapor is the key ingredient in this process, which may be useful in producing thin films of the other high transition temperature compounds. >
Grassland management and views of nature in China since 1949: regional policies and local changes in Uxin Ju, inner Mongolia

Abstract This paper surveys grassland management in China during the socialist period that began in 1949, examining state policies and local practices as well as views of nature underlying both. The case study is set in Uxin Ju, a Mongol-dominated community in western Inner Mongolia that enjoyed a national reputation in the 1960s for its enthusiasm in the campaign to transform its sandy land. This paper adopts a historical–cultural perspective. The grassland is a historical category whose formulation by the state has changed with the political–economic ideologies of the regime. At the same time, local views of the grassland have also changed, which facilitated the adoption of aggressive grassland practices. By examining grassland management and local change as a cultural process, this paper seeks to understand a dimension of grassland change that has not attracted much study in China. In several ways this paper contributes to the study of environmental history in socialist China. First, it adds to a complex appraisal of regional environmental change during the Mao era by demonstrating both grassland improvement and degradation in Uxin Ju. Second, this paper locates the agency of the local people in both predictable and surprising ways, both in resistance to and appropriation of state policies. Third, by covering the entire socialist period from 1949, this paper lends insights into the understanding of continuities and breaks in grassland management between the Mao (1949–1976) and post-Mao (1976–present) eras.
Effects of Size, Orientation, and Form Tolerances on the Frequency Distributions of Clearance Between Two Planar Faces

A new mathematical model for representing the geometric variations of a planar surface is extended to include probabilistic representations for a ID dimension of interest, which can be determined from multidimensional variations of the planar surface on a part. The model is compatible with the ASME/ANSI/ISO Standards for geometric tolerances. Central to the new model is a Tolerance-Map ® (T-Map ® ) (Patent No. 6963824), a hypothetical volume of points that models the 3D variations in location and orientation of a feature, which can arise from tolerances on size, position, orientation, and form. The 3D variations of a planar surface are decomposed into manufacturing bias, i.e., toward certain regions of a Tolerance-Map, and into geometric bias that can be computed from the geometry of T-Maps. The geometric bias arises from the shape of the feature, the tolerance-zone, and the control used on the mating envelope. Influence of manufacturing bias on the frequency distribution of 1D dimension of interest is demonstrated with two examples: the multidimensional truncated Gaussian distribution and the uniform distribution. In this paper, form and orientation variations are incorporated as subsets in order to model the coupling between size and form variations, as permitted by the ASME Standard when the amounts of these variations differ. Two distributions for flatness, i.e., the uniform distribution and the Gaussian distribution that has been truncated symmetrically to six standard deviations, are used as examples to illustrate the influence of form on the dimension of interest. The influence of orientation (parallelism and perpendicularity) refinement on the frequency distribution for the dimension of interest is demonstrated. Although rectangular faces are utilized in this paper to illustrate the method, the same techniques may be applied to any convex plane-segment that serves as a target face.
Transgender as Ingroup or Outgroup? Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Viewers Respond to a Transgender Character in Daytime Television

From November 2006 to April 2007, the daytime drama All My Children featured Zoe, the first transitioning transgender character on broadcast television. Acknowledging historical tension within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) community over transgender acceptance, this study examines how lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) viewers of All My Children reacted to this character. LGB viewers were more likely to dislike the character than non-LGB viewers, yet were also more trans-supportive than non-LGB viewers. Further evaluation suggests LGB viewers' negative response to Zoe was tied not to the transgender status of the character but specifically to unhappiness with a plot development seen to threaten the identity of the lesbian character, Bianca. Applications of social identity theory and implications for community politics are discussed.
Assessing user simulation for dialog systems using human judges and automatic evaluation measures

While different user simulations are built to assist dialog system development, there is an increasing need to quickly assess the quality of the user simulations reliably. Previous studies have proposed several automatic evaluation measures for this purpose. However, the validity of these evaluation measures has not been fully proven. We present an assessment study in which human judgments are collected on user simulation qualities as the gold standard to validate automatic evaluation measures. We show that a ranking model can be built using the automatic measures to predict the rankings of the simulations in the same order as the human judgments. We further show that the ranking model can be improved by using a simple feature that utilizes time-series analysis.
Transverse instability of one-dimensional transparent optical pulses in resonant media

Abstract It is shown analytically that a transparent optical pulse in a resonant medium, i.e the SIT soliton, is unstable with respect to long transverse perturbations. In this limit, the growth rate as a function of the amplitude and phase of the pulse is derived.
Smoking behavior in a smoking workplace.

Abstract Purpose: This report addresses whether smoking increases as a function of working in a smoking environment. Methods: Casino employees were targeted to complete a survey designed to assess smoking behavior. The survey contained standardized questions consistent with other major surveys on tobacco use to ensure comparability with state and national trends. Data collection occurred between September and November 1997. Results: Out of 755 surveys distributed, 587 completed surveys were returned, resulting in a response rate of 77 percent. A test of proportions showed that the proportion of smokers had not changed significantly as a result of working in a smoking environment although the amount of smoking decreased significantly (one-sample t-test). The change in the amount of smoking was assessed using difference scores. Males and females did not differ in the rate in which their smoking changed. A significant correlation between age and the change score suggested that younger smokers were more likely to increase their intake whereas the older smoking employees were more likely to decrease their consumption by the time of the survey. Implications: The finding that individuals who work in a smoking environment decreased their smoking behavior merits further investigation in the area of smoking aversion.
"The Dark Side of Overprescribed Goals: Consecutive Performance Goals, Depletion & Unethical Behavior"

Over forty years of research on the effects of goal setting has demonstrated that high goals can increase performance by motivating people, directing their attention to a target, and increasing the...
Biogeochemical assessment of sources of organic matter and paleoproductivity during the early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event at Shatsky Rise, ODP Leg 198

This study investigates organic-rich sedimentary sequences deposited during the early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE1a) at Sites 1207 and 1213 on Shatsky Rise (ODP Leg 198) in the west-central Pacific. Biomarker analyses provide evidence of the algal and bacterial origin of organic matter (OM) in these sediments where the abundance of steroidal components, particularly sterenes and sterones, suggests that the OM includes major contributions from eukaryotic sources in an environment characterized by high phytoplankton productivity. The presence of alkenones at Site 1213B is diagnostic of OM derived from representatives of haptophyte algae among the calcareous nannoplankton and their δ13C values (average −31.6‰) are consistent with those expected during elevated pCO2. The occurrence and prominence of 2β-methylhopanes and 2β-methylhopanones indicates significant contributions to the OM from cyanobacteria, which are also likely contributors of hopanoids based on their δ13C compositions. These biomarker data suggest that oceanic conditions, perhaps nitrate- or iron-limited, were conducive to cyanobacteria production during OAE1a, which appears to distinguish this event from other Cretaceous OAE.
CBCL Clinical Scales Discriminate Prepubertal Children with Structured Interview—Derived Diagnosis of Mania from Those with ADHD

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the discriminative ability of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to identify children with structured interview-derived diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Method We evaluated the convergence of CBCL scales with the diagnosis of mania in 31 children with mania, 120 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and 77 prepubertal normal control children aged 12 years or younger. We evaluated the strength of association between each CBCL scale and structured interview-derived diagnoses with total predictive value and the odds ratio. Results Excellent convergence was found between the CBCL scales of Delinquent Behavior, Aggressive Behavior, Somatic Complaints, Anxious/Depressed, and Thought Problems and the diagnosis of mania. Conclusions These findings indicate that the CBCL could serve as a rapid and useful screening instrument to identify manic children in clinical settings.
A Genetic Approach to Study Mechanisms of Cocaine Action

The brain dopamine system is thought to be the major target for the neuropharmacological actions of psychomotor stimulants such as cocaine. To investigate the mechanisms of cocaine action, we used a genetic approach, the gene-targeting technique, and generated D1 dopamine receptor mutant mice. Locomotor activity analysis in response to cocaine indicates that, in contrast to control mice which showed a dose-dependent increase in locomotion, D1 receptor mutant mice exhibited a dose-dependent decrease, suggesting that D1 receptors play an essential role in mediating such effects. Extracellular single unit recording of dopamine sensitive nucleus accumbens neurons in the D1 receptor mutant mice and control mice revealed a marked reduction in the inhibitory effects of cocaine and dopamine on the generation of action potentials, suggesting that D1 receptors play a fundamental role in cocaine- and dopamine-mediated neurophysiological effects within the nucleus accumbens. From these analyses, we conclude that the D1 dopamine receptor plays essential roles in mediating these effects of cocaine. In the future, the use of this powerful genetic approach will be essential for elucidating the molecular components of the signal transduction pathway leading to anatomical, cellular and behavioral changes upon cocaine administration and dopamine neurotransmission.
The imaginary part of the nucleon optical potential in nuclear matter

Abstract We show that the energy dependence of the real part of the optical potential, or equivalently the effective mass of nucleons in nuclear matter, gives significant corrections to the imaginary part calculated with either impulse approximation or Brueckner's theory. These corrections greatly reduce the difference between theoretical and empirical strengths of the imaginary potential.
Hormonal Regulation of Platelet-Activating Factor-Acetyltransferase Activity in Rat Tissues

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) plays a very important role in a number of physiological or pathological conditions. Recently, we and others have suggested that the PAF concentration in various tissues may be regulated by the enzyme that inactivates PAF, PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). Furthermore, it has been shown that the plasma isozyme of PAF-AH is regulated by various steroid hormones. Lyso-PAF:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (PAF-AT) is a key enzyme in PAF biosynthesis by the remodeling pathway. In the present study, the hormonal effects on the tissue levels of PAF-AT activity were investigated in various organs of the rat. The microsomal fraction was prepared from the spleen, lung, uterus, and liver of female rats which had been pretreated with dexamethasone, 17α-ethynylestradiol, medroxyprogesterone-acetate, or vehicle and the PAF-AT activity was assayed. The rats treated with dexamethasone demonstrated significantly lower PAF-AT specific activity in the liver (P < 0.00 1) and spleen (P < 0.01), compared to the control group. A dose-dependent decrease of PAF-AT specific activity was demonstrated following dexamethasone treatment. Medroxyprogesterone injection also caused a significant decrease of PAF-AT activity in the liver (P < 0.01). No change of PAF-AT activity in any tissue was observed in the 17α-ethynylestradiol-injected animals. Plasma PAF-AH activity was increased significantly by the administration of dexamethasone (P < 0.01) or medroxyprogesterone (P < 0.01), and decreased by 17α-ethynylestradiol (P < 0.01), as previously described. The observation that dexamethasone or medroxyprogesterone treatment decreases the activity of PAF-AT and increases the plasma PAF-AH activity provides a mechanism for the tight control of PAF in tissues.
Decolonizing Sex: A Multicultural and Gay Affirmative Approach to Counseling with African American and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men

This article presents a theoretical model for providing psychotherapy to Latino men who have sex with men (LMSM) and African American men who have sex with men (AAMSM). Clinicians will learn to use a colonial mentality lens, thus seeing these clients’ internally and externally imposed experiences of homophobia and racism. Using this colonial mentality lens while integrating gay affirmative therapeutic interventions, therapists and counselors serving LMSM and AAMSM clients may better understand the broadest context of these marginalized clients’ experiences. A clinical vignette offers intervention strategies supporting this novel approach for serving LMSM and AAMSM.
Impaired cardiac contractility in mice lacking both the AE3 Cl-/HCO3- exchanger and the NKCC1 Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter: effects on Ca2+ handling and protein phosphatases.

To analyze the cardiac functions of AE3, we disrupted its gene (Slc4a3) in mice. exchange coupled with Na+-dependent acid extrusion can mediate pH-neutral Na+ uptake, potentially affecting Ca2+ handling via effects on Na+/Ca2+ exchange. AE3 null mice appeared normal, however, and AE3 ablation had no effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated hearts or cardiac performance in vivo. The NKCC1 Na+-K+-2Cl– cotransporter also mediates Na+ uptake, and loss of NKCC1 alone does not impair contractility. To further stress the AE3-deficient myocardium, we combined the AE3 and NKCC1 knock-outs. Double knock-outs had impaired contraction and relaxation both in vivo and in isolated ventricular myocytes. Ca2+ transients revealed an apparent increase in Ca2+ clearance in double null cells. This was unlikely to result from increased Ca2+ sequestration, since the ratio of phosphorylated phospholamban to total phospholamban was sharply reduced in all three mutant hearts. Instead, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activity was found to be enhanced in double null cells. Systolic Ca2+ was unaltered, however, suggesting more direct effects on the contractile apparatus of double null myocytes. Expression of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 was increased in all mutant hearts. There was also a dramatic reversal, between single null and double null hearts, in the carboxymethylation and localization to the myofibrillar fraction, of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, which corresponded to the loss of normal contractility in double null hearts. These data show that AE3 and NKCC1 affect Ca2+ handling, PLN regulation, and expression and localization of major cardiac phosphatases and that their combined loss impairs cardiac function.
Alloys for hydrogen storage in nickel/hydrogen and nickel/metal hydride batteries

Since 1990, there has been an ongoing collaboration among the authors in the three laboratories to (1) prepare alloys of the AB(sub 5) and AB(sub 2) types, using arc-melting/annealing and mechanical alloying/annealing techniques; (2) examine their physico-chemical characteristics (morphology, composition); (3) determine the hydrogen absorption/desorption behavior (pressure-composition isotherms as a function of temperature); and (4) evaluate their performance characteristics as hydride electrodes (charge/discharge, capacity retention, cycle life, high rate capability). The work carried out on representative AB(sub 5) and AB(sub 2) type modified alloys (by partial substitution or with small additives of other elements) is presented. The purpose of the modification was to optimize the thermodynamics and kinetics of the hydriding/dehydriding reactions and enhance the stabilities of the alloys for the desired battery applications. The results of our collaboration, to date, demonstrate that (1) alloys prepared by arc melting/annealing and mechanical alloying/annealing techniques exhibit similar morphology, composition and hydriding/dehydriding characteristics; (2) alloys with the appropriate small amounts of substituent or additive elements: (1) retain the single phase structure, (2) improve the hydriding/dehydriding reactions for the battery applications, and (3) enhance the stability in the battery environment; and (3) the AB(sub 2) type alloys exhibit higher energy densities than the AB(sub 5) type alloys but the state-of-the-art, commercialized batteries are predominantly manufactured using Ab(sub 5) type alloys.
Effect of Actinomycin D on DNA Synthesis in Liver

Studies with actinomycin D do not support an essential role for transcription concomitant with nuclear DNA replication in the liver.
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid-Immunofluorescent Studies

Mucous membrane pemphigoid differs from pemphigus vulgaris or bullous pemphigoid in clinical course, response to steroid therapy, and absence of characteristic antibodies. In this studiy of five elderly patients, it was not possible to demonstrate antibodies to oral epithelium by direct or indirect immunofluorescent studies.
A roadmap for successful applications of clinical proteomics.

Abstract Despite over 30,000 publications on proteomics in the last decade, and the accumulation of extensive interesting information on the human proteome in diverse observations, the clinical translation of proteomics to-date has had major setbacks. I review here a roadmap for improving the success rate of clinical proteomics. The roadmap includes steps for improvements that need to be made in analytical tools, discovery, validation, clinical application, and post-clinical application appraisal. It is likely that most if not all of the components that are necessary for clinical success are either readily available, or should be possible to put in place with more rigorous research standards and concerted efforts of the research community, clinicians, and health agencies. Enthusiasm for the clinical impact of proteomics may need to be tempered currently until robust evidence can be obtained, but some clinical successes should eventually be feasible.
Decoupled stochastic mapping [for mobile robot & AUV navigation]

This paper describes decoupled stochastic mapping (DSM), a new computationally efficient approach to large-scale concurrent mapping and localization (CML). DSM reduces the computational burden of conventional stochastic mapping by dividing the environment into multiple overlapping submap regions, each with its own stochastic map. Two new approximation techniques are utilized for transferring vehicle state information from one submap to another, yielding a constant-time algorithm whose memory requirements scale linearly with the number of submaps. The approach is demonstrated via simulations and experiments. Simulation results are presented for the case of an autonomous underwater vehicle navigating in an unknown environment with 110 and 1200 features using simulated observations of point features by a forward look sonar. Empirical tests are used to examine the consistency of the error bounds calculated by the different methods. Experimental results are also presented for an environment with 93 features using sonar data obtained in a 3 by 9 by 1 m testing tank.
Boundary Integral and Singularity Methods for Linearized Viscous Flow

1. Preliminaries 2. Green's Functions and the Boundary Integral Equation 3. Green's Functions in domains bounded by a solid surface 4. Generalized boundary integral methods 5. Interfacial motion 6. Boundary integral methods based on the Stream Function 7. Discrete representation of a boundary 8. Numerical solution of the integral equations.
The effect of ecdysterone on nonihistone proteins in salivary gland chromosomes of Sciara coprophila

Synthesis and transport of proteins to the cell nucleus during puff induction was studied in S. coprophila. Changes in grain distribution along chromosomes (L-methionine [35S] incorporation into protein) were correlated with puffs induced by ecdysterone in vitro; A pattern of specific labelling at the sites of incipient puffs was noted within 2 h after the addition of the hormone, i.e. grains on the chromosomes were in clusters, characteristic for this time point and not seen in the controls (where only non-specific labeling was noted 0-4 h). Characteristic chromosomal puffs appeared between 3-4 h after the addition of ecdysterone. It was concluded that during ecdysterone-induced puff formation in salivary gland chromosomes, proteins which had been previously synthesized were selectively transported from the cytoplasm to specific sites on the chromosomes.
Staphylococcus aureus Induces Tissue Factor Expression in Cultured Human Cardiac Valve Endothelium

In vitro infection of cultured human cardiac valve endothelium (HCVE) with Staphylococcus aureus was used as a model to study potential mechanisms of vegetation formation in infective endocarditis. S. aureus was observed to adhere to and be ingested by HCVE. Infection for 8 h resulted in increased levels of procoagulant activity in HCVE, shown to be tissue factor by a specific assay. Mean activity in infected HCVE was 662 ? 149 (mU/105 HCVE ? 1 SD) versus 221 ? 78 in control HCVE; surface-expressed activity was 57 ? 25 in infected monolayers and undetectable ^10) in controls. Bacteria alone had no activity. These results suggest that endothelium may have a functional role in the pathogenesis of S. aureus endocarditis and may provide one potential mechanism for activating coagulation to initiate vegetation formation on a colonized cardiac valve.