cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Requirement of the human chromosome 11 long arm for replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in nonpermissive Chinese hamster x human diploid fibroblast hybrids.

Somatic cell hybrids between Chinese hamster (CH) lung cells (V79/380-6), nonpermissive for productive infection by herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1), and permissive human diploid cells support productive HSV-1 infection as long as they retain human chromosome 11. Human chromosome 3 has been reported to complement nonpermissivity in (CH) Don cells (1). Intraspecies hybrids between Don/a3 and V79/380-6 cells, however, did not support HSV-1 replication, indicating lack of complementation. The block in both nonpermissive CH cell lines was determined to involve a step beyond replication of the parental viral DNA. In cell hybrids between nonpermissive Don/a23 cells and human fibroblasts containing a t(11;15) (p11;p12) translocation, HSV-1 production was dependent solely on the presence of either human chromosome 11 or the der(11) (p11→qter) translocation product containing the long arm of chromosome 11. Chromosome 3 was excluded by a discordancy rate of 59%. We conclude that the long arm of human chromosome 11 carries one or more genes coding for host functions necessary for the production of progeny HSV-1 DNA.
Ecological periodic tables for benthic macrofaunal usage of estuarine habitats: Insights from a case study in Tillamook Bay, Oregon, USA

Abstract This study validates the ecological relevance of estuarine habitat types to the benthic macrofaunal community and, together with previous similar studies, suggests they can serve as elements in ecological periodic tables of benthic macrofaunal usage in the bioregion. We compared benthic macrofaunal Bray–Curtis similarity and the means of eight benthic macrofaunal community measures across seven habitat types in Tillamook Bay, Oregon, USA: intertidal eelgrass ( Zostera marina ), dwarf eelgrass ( Zostera japonica ), oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) ground culture, burrowing mud shrimp ( Upogebia pugettensis ), burrowing ghost shrimp ( Neotrypaea californiensis ), sand and subtidal. Benthic macrofaunal Bray–Curtis similarity differed among all the habitats except ghost shrimp and sand. The habitat rank order on mean benthic macrofaunal species richness, abundance and biomass was dwarf eelgrass ≈ oyster ≥ mud shrimp ≈ eelgrass > sand ≈ ghost shrimp ≈ subtidal. The benthic macrofaunal habitat usage pattern in Tillamook Bay was, with a few exceptions, similar to that in two other US Pacific Northwest estuaries. The exceptions indicate variants of eelgrass and ghost shrimp habitat that differ in benthic macrofaunal usage perhaps due to differences in the coarseness of the sand fraction of the sediments in which they live. The similarities indicate periodic benthic macrofaunal usage patterns across the other habitat types extend over a wider geographic scale and range of environmental conditions than previously known.
Comparing language operations

A procedure for comparing language operations is formulated and used to study some general algebraic properties of such operations as well as the interrelationships of some specific well known operations. The comparison scheme is used to partition the family of all language operations into a collection of equivalence classes that forms an upper semilattice, When full semi-AFL operations are used as a basis of comparison, the Min and Max operations are shown to be in the same class as relative complementation and reside above the class containing Kleene closure. This gives the result that any complementation closed full semi-AFL is a full AFL closed under Min and Max.
The Art of War in Angola, 1575–1680

Modem images of the European military contact with the non-Western world after the fifteenth century have been dominated by two striking images. The first of these is the conquest of the large and powerful empires of Mexico and Peru by tiny groups of intrepid Spaniards, and the second is the spectacular victories of European or European trained and equipped armies over vastly more numerous non-Western opponents in the late nineteenth century. Both of these have helped to establish a general idea in the historiography of European expansion that Europe possessed a significant military advantage over non-Western countries, especially those in Africa and the Americas, which are generally considered to have been backward and less developed than Europe in this period. While earlier historians tended to stress the bravery and perhaps greater military skill of the Europeans, more recent research has put its weight behind technical superiority represented by such things as firearms or advanced navigational technology.' Although that superiority is most obvious and undeniable for the nineteenth century, similar arguments are often advanced for the earlier periods as well.2 But European arms in the period before the Industrial Revolution were not always as overwhelming as this image suggests, for in several parts of the world Europeans were notably less successful than they were against the great American empires. One of these regions was Africa, where the Portuguese and Spanish made a substantial effort to conquer the Angolan kingdom of Ndongo in a long series of wars that began in 1579. Although the Portuguese did penetrate into the interior and successfully created a colony on the African coast, they never succeeded in conquering the main ruling group of Ndongo,
CNS voltage-dependent Na+ channel expression and distribution in an undifferentiated and differentiated CNS cell line

Upon serum removal, CAD-R1 cells undergo neurite outgrowth and an increase in voltage-dependent Na(+) current (VDNaC) density without changing their activation and inactivation properties. Insulin and endothelial cell growth supplement inhibited the increase in VDNaC density but not the neurite outgrowth. RI, RII, RIII Na(+) channel proteins were expressed in CAD-R1 cells. These proteins exhibited both similar and different distribution and clustering patterns which suggested the channel's structural differences play a role in channel distribution.
Growth controlled fabrication and cathodoluminescence study of 3D confined GaAs volumes on non-planar patterned GaAs(0 0 1) substrates

We report on (a) the effect of growth interruption on the growth profile evolution in growth on non-planar patterned mesa tops via substrate-encoded size-reducing epitaxy (SESRE) and (b) the optical behavior of isolated 3D-confined GaAs volumes as well as 3D-confined GaAs volumes coupled with 1D-confined quantum wells (QWs) fabricated by SESRE. Steady-state excitation and time-resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) are used for these optical studies.
Pinhole‐free large‐grained atomically smooth Au(111) substrates prepared by flame‐annealed template stripping

High-quality atomically flat substrates are critical for the analysis and imaging of surface-mounted ultrathin films and A nanostructures. Here we report significant improvement in the preparation of large areas of atomically smooth Au(111) substrates. A thin layer of gold on silicon is flame-annealed in air and then stripped from the template. The substrates were analyzed with X-ray diffraction and high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM). In contrast to the previously reported template stripped gold (TSG) substrates, flame-annealed template stripped substrates reveal no detectable pinholes. The substrate surface is atomically smooth with most grains being larger than 1 μm 2 . The entire procedure requires less than 2 h and uses readily available materials and common laboratory equipment. The resulting substrates can be stored for longer periods of time and then used immediately without need for common cleaning procedures. Evidence is provided that self-assembled monolayers on these substrates are higher quality than those prepared with previously reported gold substrates.
At Risk for Anxiety: I. Psychopathology in the Offspring of Anxious Parents

ABSTRACT Objective and Method Children of parents with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, mixed anxiety/depressive disorders, and no psychiatric disorder were assessed with semistructured interviews to determine rates of overall psychopathology and to determine specifically the presence of anxiety disorders. Results Children of the three “high-risk” groups were significantly more likely to have a diagnosable disorder (including anxiety disorders) than offspring of normal parents, but there were no differences among the children from the three parental diagnostic groups. However, when examined specifically for anxiety disorders, offspring of anxious parents were significantly more likely to have only anxiety disorders. Offspring of depressed or mixed anxious/depressed parents had a broader range of disorders and more comorbid disorders. Family socioeconomic status was related to the probability that a child would have a disorder. Conclusions Anxiety disorders are common among offspring of anxious and depressed parents. However, when a parent has depression, children exhibit a broader range of psychopathology than when a parent has an anxiety disorder alone. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1997, 36(7):918–924.
Predicting Complications After Pulmonary Resection: Preoperative Exercise Testing vs a Multifactorial Cardiopulmonary Risk Index

Recent studies have used preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing to improve risk assessment of pulmonary resection for lung cancer. These studies have demonstrated inconsistent correlation between peak oxygen uptake ( V ˙ O 2 ) and postoperative complications but have not systematically examined other methods of risk stratification. We analyzed the findings in 42 patients who had cardiopulmonary exercise testing prior to lung cancer resection. Preoperative clinical data combining pulmonary factors (obesity, productive cough, wheezing, tobacco use, ratio of the forced expiratory volume in 1 s over the forced vital capacity [FEV1/FVC] 45 mm Hg), and an established cardiac risk index were used to generate a cardiopulmonary risk index (CPRI). When analyzed using the risk index, the incidence of postoperative complications increased with higher CPRI scores. Those with a CPRI of 4 or greater were 22 times more likely to develop a complication, compared to a CPRI of less than 4 (p<0.0001). We found that patients with a peak V ˙ O 2 less than 500 ml/m 2 /min (body surface area) were 6 times more likely to experience a cardiopulmonary complication (p<0.05). With multiple logistic regression analysis, peak V ˙ O 2 was not an independent predictor of postoperative complications. Analysis also demonstrated that a CPRI of 4 or greater was associated with significant reductions in peak V ˙ O 2 . We conclude that both the peak V ˙ O 2 during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and a multifactorial CPRI are highly predictive of complications after lung resection. Adding the peak Vo, did not enhance the risk estimation generated by the CPRI. The association between postoperative complications and peak Vo, may be explained by the correlation between identifiable cardiopulmonary disease (CPRI) and reduced oxygen uptake with exercise.
An Ideological House of Mirrors Political Stereotypes as Exaggerations of Motivated Social Cognition Differences

Previous research on political stereotypes has focused on the perceived moral values or political attitudes of conservatives and liberals. The current studies examined whether laypeople hold stereo...
Analysis of FK506, timcodar (VX‐853) and FKBP51 and FKBP52 chaperones in control of glucocorticoid receptor activity and phosphorylation

The immunosuppressive ligand FK506 and the FK506-binding protein FKBP52 are stimulatory to glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity. Here, we explore the underlying mechanism by comparing GR activity and phosphorylation status in response to FK506 and the novel nonimmunosuppressive ligand timcodar (VX-853) and in the presence and absence of FKBP52 and the closely related protein FKBP51. Using mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) deficient knockout (KO) in FKBP51 or FKBP52, we show decreased GR activity at endogenous genes in 52KO cells, but increased activity in 51KO cells. In 52KO cells, elevated phosphorylation occurred at inhibitory serine 212 and decreased phosphorylation at the stimulatory S220 residue. In contrast, 51KO cells showed increased GR phosphorylation at the stimulatory residues S220 and S234. In wild-type (WT) MEF cells, timcodar, like FK506, potentiated dexamethasone-induced GR transcriptional activity at two endogenous genes. Using 52KO and 51KO MEF cells, FK506 potentiated GR activity in 51KO cells but could not do so in 52KO cells, suggesting FKBP52 as the major target of FK506 action. Like FK506, timcodar potentiated GR in 51KO cells, but it also increased GR activity in 52KO cells. Knock-down of FKBP51 in the 52KO cells showed that the latter effect of timcodar required FKBP51. Thus, timcodar appears to have a dual specificity for FKBP51 and FKBP52. This work demonstrates phosphorylation as an important mechanism in FKBP control of GR and identifies the first nonimmunosuppressive macrolide capable of targeting GR action.
The influence of impurities and solutes (primarily zirconium) on the high-current-carrying, high-field Nb3Sn superconductor

As THE result of certain discoveries, an experimental programme on the influence of chemical and structural impurities on superconducting properties was initiated several years ago at the General Electric Research Laboratory3 Emphasis was placed on the transition metals of Group V of the Periodic Table with much of the early effort directed to the study of niobium in which systematic studies had, at that time, not been carried out although it is a metal with one of the highest transition temperatures. The influence of substitutional and interstitial solutes on the superconducting properties of this metal has been summarized.2, a More recently, anomalous behaviour due to impurities and cold work has also been reported.4, 5 Soon after the announcement by Kunzler, Buehler, Hsu, and Wernick 6 that the intermetallic compound, NbaSn, exhibited current-carrying capabilities in excess of 100,000 A/cm 2 in magnetic fields as large as 88,000 Oe at 4.2 ° K, the effort was directed to the study of impurities on this important characteristic of Nb3Sn. This report summarizes our early work emphasizing the important role that both impurities and solutes, primarily zirconium, present in niobium, prior to the heat treatment in tin to form the stannide, were found to play in enhancing and improving the current-carrying capacity. Two simple methods used in fabricating the high-current-carrying niobium stannide conductors are described. The studies by-pass the intervening factor of microstructure and deal directly with the relationship between superconducting properties and composition. Although the work has been of an exploratory nature, subsequent extensions of it at the General Electric Research Laboratory have resulted in a practical high field superconducting material. 7
Motivating Physicians to Improve Quality: Light the Intrinsic Fire

sounded the clarion call to improve the quality of health care in America. Since then, there has been limited evidence of quality improvement (QI). In 2010, the Affordable Care Act renewed focus on physician and hospital perfor-mance. Recent articles have examined the role of motiva-tion in performance and whether physicians are motivated by professionalism, self-interest, or are pawns within the health care system.
Computation of quadrupole noise using acoustic analogy

Acoustic analogy computations of vortex shedding noise were carried out in the context of a two-dimensional, low-Mach-number laminar flow past a NACA 0012 airfoil at chord Reynolds number of 10 4 . The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were solved numerically to give an approximate description of the near-field flow dynamics and the acoustic source functions. The radiated far-field noise was computed based on Curle's extension to the Lighthill analogy. This study emphasizes an accurate evaluation of the Reynolds stress quadrupoles in the presence of an extensive wake. An effective method for separating the physical noise source from spurious boundary contributions caused by eddies crossing a permeable computational boundary is presented. The effect of retarded-time variations across the source region is also examined. Computational solutions confirm that the quadrupole noise is weak compared with the noise due to lift and drag dipoles when the freestream Mach number is small. The techniques developed in this study are equally applicable to flows in which the volume quadrupoles act as a prominent noise source.
Nonnegative definite solutions to matrix equations with applications to multivariate test statistics

LetX ∼N p, n (M, Σ), where the meanM is a matrix of orderp × n and the covariance matrixΣ is a nnd of orderp n. In this paper we first obtain a version of Cochran’s theorem. Basically, the theorem reduces the problem of verifying Wishartness and independence of matrix quadratic forms inX to solving matrix equations inΣ. Next, we obtain characterizations of the class of nnd solutionsΣ to those matrix equations. As an application we give a simple description of the class of nnd matrices such that the distributions of common multivariate test statistics are invariant except for a scale factor.
Interconnect and packaging technology in the '90s

The driving factors for development of Electronic Packaging are the large variety of systems applications and innovations being generated. Leading edge systems developments have accelerated the achievements in ICs. The functional growth of the chips have been tracked by packaging interconnection densities. We highlight the material science contributions and ext. rapolate to the need for new innovations. We discuss the influence of financial environment worldwide and speak to cooperation in precompetitive research at universities.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
New chelating polymers for heavy metal ion sorption

Twenty-six new chelating polymers containing pyridyl (Py) or bipyridyl (Bipy) units as ligating centers were synthesized by free-radical reactions of 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, or 4-methyl-4′-vinyl-2,2′-bipyridine with different dimethacrylate crosslinkers and evaluated for heavy metal ion sorption from aqueous solutions. Both the Py- and Bipy-containing polymers are highly selective for Cu(II) over Co(II) and Ni(II) and for Hg(II) over Cd(II). The polymeric materials with Bipy binding sites generally exhibit more efficient metal ion sorption than do the corresponding Py-containing copolymers. The metal ion sorption capacity of the copolymer also depends on the structure of the dimethacrylate crosslinker. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 849–856, 1999
Is it wrong to impose the harms of human life? A reply to Benatar.

Might it be morally wrong to procreate? David Benatar answers affirmatively in Better Never to Have Been, arguing that coming into existence is always a great harm. I counter this view in several ways. First, I argue against Benatar’s asserted asymmetry between harm and benefit—which would support the claim that any amount of harm in a human life would make it not worth starting—while questioning the significance of his distinction between a life worth starting and one worth continuing. I further contend that his understanding of hedonism and desire-fulfillment theories distorts their implications for the quality of human life; as for objective-list theories, I rebut his critique of their human-centered basis of evaluation. Notwithstanding this multi-tiered challenge to Benatar’s reasoning, I conclude with praise for his work and the intellectual virtues it embodies.
The combined parascapular fasciocutaneous and latissimus dorsi muscle conjoined free flap.

Background: A combined flap composed of at the least two otherwise distinct territories, each retaining its independent vascular pedicle yet joined together by a common interface, is by definition a conjoined flap. If the vascular pedicles are branches of a common source vessel, even more specifically this combination would be a "branch-based [common]" conjoined flap. Methods: The parascapular fasciocutaneous and latissimus dorsi muscle flaps can be raised together as a clinical example of a branch-based (common) conjoined flap. This combination allows the creation of an extremely large cutaneous flap from the dorsal thorax while ensuring survival of both the muscle and skin portions in their entirety. Results: A series of eight parascapular fasciocutaneous and latissimus dorsi muscle conjoined free flaps in eight patients had total flap survival of all components. Major complications, none of which were related to flap viability, eventually occurred in two patients; that is, one patient had a persistent chronic tibial osteomyelitis and the other had the covered lower limb amputated. Conclusions: The parascapular fasciocutaneous and latissimus dorsi muscle conjoined free flap is an extremely large, yet reliable flap. The anatomy is fairly consistent and already well known. In favorable situations, only a single recipient site is needed for the requisite arterial and venous microanastomoses. This combination can replace the need for multiple conventional flaps, yet violates but a single donor site. This series is the first clinical example of the branchbased (common) conjoined free flap.
Ultrastructural cytochemistry of the diaminobenzidine reaction in the aquatic fungus Entophlyctis variabilis

Ultrastructural localization of peroxidatic activity was investigated in the chytrid Entophlyctis variabilis with the 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) cytochemical prodedure. The subcellular distribution of reaction product varied with changes in pH of the DAB medium and with the developmental stage of the fungus. Incubations in the DAB reaction medium at pH 9.2 produced an electron dense reaction product within single membrane bounded organelles which resembled microbodies but which varied in shapes from elongate to oval. At this pH the cell wall also stained darkly. When the pH of the DAB medium was lowered to pH 8.2 or 7.0, DAB oxidation product was localized within mitochondrial cristae as well as in microbodies and zoosporangial walls. As soon as zoospores were completely cleaved out of the zoosporangial cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) also stained. When the wall appeared around the encysted zoospore, ER staining was no longer found. The influence of the catalase inhibitor, aminotriazole, and the inhibitors of heme enzymes, sodium azide and sodium cyanide, on the staining patterns within cells incubated in the DAB media indicates that microbody staining is due to both catalase and peroxidase, mitochondrial staining is due to cytochrome c, and ER staining is due to peroxidase.
Design of linear quadratic regulators with assigned eigenstructure

A recursive design procedure is presented which assigns the closed-loop eigenstructure in linear quadratic regulators. At each stage, the required solution for the steady-state Riccati matrix which shifts a pole or pole pair to specified values is obtained. For pole pair placement, a free parameter in the solution permits selection of closed-loop eigenvectors. The interactive design procedure is summarized and illustrated by an example
Capacity precommitment as an entry barrier for price-setting firms

Abstract For a Bertrand-Edgeworth framework, this paper considers whether investmentin capacity may serve as a barrier to entry when firms are identical except for the first mover precommitment possibilities that the incumbent enjoys. Subgame-perfect Nash equilibria are examined for a three-stage non-cooperative game in which the incumbent sets a capacity level, the potential entrant chooses its capacity, and then firms set prices using mixed strategies. For some parameter values, entry is blockaded: positive profits for the entrant are precluded. For other parameter values, the incumbent may increase its capacity to prevent entry and maintain non-negative profits.
Aqueous Cross Second Virial Coefficients with the Hayden-O'Connell Correlation

Using new data tabulations involving water, the predictive combining rule of the Hayden-O'Connell correlation for cross second virial coefficients has been reformulated with a single binary parameter for pairs. Suggestions are made to estimate this parameter when data are not available. Using the binary parameters, new solvation parameter values have been found for substances that apparently solvate with water. In addition, an additive function has been formulated to improve the descriptions at high temperatures. With these modifications, much better agreement is found with experiment than with the original relations.
Cathodoluminescence guided zircon Hf isotope depth profiling: Mobilization of the Lu–Hf system during (U)HP rock exhumation in the Woodlark Rift, Papua New Guinea

Abstract Cathodoluminescence image guided Hf isotope depth profiling by laser ablation of zircons from two quartzofeldspathic host gneisses constrains the Lu–Hf system's behavior during rapid exhumation of (U)HP rocks in the Woodlark Rift, Papua New Guinea. Investigation of the depth profiling technique in individual and composite zircon standards demonstrates that it is possible to resolve ~ 8 μm thick domains in which eHf(present) differs by as little as 4 units. In a metasedimentary gneiss, 2.89 ± 0.29 Ma zircon overgrowths on Cretaceous aged inherited cores have radiogenic eHf(present) indicating growth in a medium that was originally in equilibrium with garnet undergoing recrystallization (the ‘garnet effect’ of Zheng et al., 2005). In a separate gneiss sample that originated as an exhumation related anatectic melt, 3.66 ± 0.13 Ma zircons lacking inheritance contain sub-domains that differ from each other by > 15 eHf(present). Some of these sub-domains are radiogenic and can be explained by the ‘garnet effect’, whereas others also contain highly elevated Lu and Yb in addition to their radiogenic Hf compositions, thus necessitating a medium derived from the complete breakdown of garnet. Zircons in this sample also contain non-radiogenic sub-domains that grew in the presence of Hf mobilized from the surrounding rocks of the subducted and metamorphosed remnants of the Australian continental margin. The results confirm that rapid exhumation of (U)HP rocks can result in the following: 1) transmission of radiogenic Hf (and sometimes Lu and the other HREE) from garnet bearing mafic lithologies into the quartzofeldspathic gneisses, and 2) mobilization and transport of unradiogenic Hf present within the quartzofeldspathic remnants of subducted continental crust.
What is bad in cancer is good in the embryo: importance of EMT in neural crest development

Although the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is famous for its role in cancer metastasis, it also is a normal developmental event in which epithelial cells are converted into migratory mesenchymal cells. A prime example of EMT during development occurs when neural crest (NC) cells emigrate from the neural tube thus providing an excellent model to study the principles of EMT in a nonmalignant environment. NC cells start life as neuroepithelial cells intermixed with precursors of the central nervous system. After EMT, they delaminate and begin migrating, often to distant sites in the embryo. While proliferating and maintaining multipotency and cell survival the transitioning neural crest cells lose apicobasal polarity and the basement membrane is broken down. This review discusses how these events are coordinated and regulated, by series of events involving signaling factors, gene regulatory interactions, as well as epigenetic and post-transcriptional modifications. Even though the series of events involved in NC EMT are well known, the sequence in which these steps take place remains a subject of debate, raising the intriguing possibility that, rather than being a single event, neural crest EMT may involve multiple parallel mechanisms.
Empirical measures of technological change at the sectoral level

Abstract A “top-down” approach to measuring technological change at the industry level is proposed. It begins with a materials-process-product view of the economy as a whole. Each sector is identified in terms of its specific role in terms of extracting, refining, converting, synthesizing or finishing fuels, materials, and/or material products. (Final services, in turn, are mainly delivered by material products. Hence the role of information processing sectors can also be characterized in terms of this paradigm). For each stage of processing it is possible to construct an objective function for the corresponding industry of the form cost(in $)/output (in physical units), where the object of the sector is to minimize this function. Usual output measures (units or weight of product) are often inadequate for the purpose, since they do not reflect changes over time in the quality or performance of the product. The problem, then, is to characterize the output of each sector in terms of desired technological performance. A set of generalized sectoral output measures is proposed (in Table 1) and some examples are discussed in detail.
Silk Fabric Non-formaldehyde Crease-resistant Finishing Using Citric Acid

A non-formaldehyde crease-resistant finishing method for silk has been developed by using citric acid as a crosslinking agent. Both the dry and wet resiliency of finished silk were remarkably increased. The finished silk had a dry wrinkle recovery degree (WRD) of more than 280° compared to 265° and 217°, respectively, for the untreated control. After 50 cycles of home laundering, the finished fabric still had a durable press rating greater than 3.2 compared to 1.9 for the control. The finished fabric retained 84% to 100% of its breaking strength and there was an increase of 40% to 80% in its tear strength. The whiteness retention was about 65%. This stiffness increase could be controlled to 30% by use of a suitable finishing technique.
A Note on Platinum/Platinum-Rhodium Thermocouple Uncertainty

The term uncertainty is used rather than instability. Stability implies that a device can be calibrated to a known and repeatable small error. As will be shown for the temperatures considered, this definition of stability may not be true. Two configurations of platinum/platinum-10% rhodium thermocouples were developed for the Tory II reactors. The manufacturer checked outputs at 2400°F. Subsequently, we ran tests between 2000 and 2400°F to determine how dependable the initially measured outputs were. The uncertainty turned out to be about ±10°F, over the rather narrow test band. As a result of these first uncertainty tests, we decided to see what effect, if any, different types of junctions have on the uncertainty. This report has to do primarily with results of tests on crimped, twisted, hydrogen-arc-welded, and resistance-welded junctions. A horizontal tube furnace was used from 1500 to 2300°F and a vertical tube furnace from 2300 to 2800°F. Some unexplained things happened when the transfer to the vertical tube furnace was made. Reference grade, 10-mil thermocouple wire with alumina tube insulation was used for most tests. In general, the uncertainty shows up as an error band of fairly constant width. This means that it cannot be expressed as a percent of indicated temperature. The band width tends to become narrower with increasing temperature up to 2300°F or so; 20°F is still a "good" figure for it at 2300°F. Hydrogen-arc welding should be avoided. The importance of an annealing cycle to test temperature is shown by the curves.
Quality of life in kleptomania and pathological gambling.

Abstract The current study was constructed to examine the similarities and differences in the quality of life of patients with kleptomania and pathological gambling (PG). Thirty patients with kleptomania, 43 with PG, and 30 normal control subjects were assessed with the Quality of Life Inventory that assesses self-reported satisfaction with life. Both patients with kleptomania and PG had significantly lower quality of life scores than normal control subjects ( t = 7.32; df = 58; P t = 7.32; df = 71; P
Controls on 222Rn variations in a fractured crystalline rock aquifer evaluated using aquifer tests and geophysical logging

Concentrations of 222Rn in ground water may vary considerably within megascopically homogeneous rocks over relatively short distances. Calculations indicate that different hydraulic apertures of water-bearing fractures may account for variations in dissolved 222Rn concentration measured in domestic water wells completed in fractured Pikes Peak Granite, assuming that all other factors influencing dissolved 222Rn concentrations are constant. Concentrations of dissolved 222Rn range from 124 to 840 kBq m-3 [3,360 to 22,700 picocuries per liter (pCi L-1)] within a 2.5 km2 well field. Aquifer tests show that transmissivities range from 0.072 to 160 m2 day-1 within the well field. Acoustic televiewer and heat-pulse flow meter logging of four wells reveals that, despite tens to hundreds of fractures that intersect each well, a single fracture supplies all the flow to three wells, and one fracture provides 65% of the flow to the fourth well. Aquifer tests indicate that two pairs of the four wells are hydraulically connected. Type-curve interpretation of early-time data from aquifer tests reveals classic half-slope behavior on log-log plots of drawdown versus time for two wells, suggesting linear flow to a single fracture. Drawdown versus time for the other two wells indicates radial or pseudo-radial flow, which suggests a higher degree of fracture interconnectivity near those boreholes. Hydraulic apertures calculated using the cubic law are 0.024 and 0.038 cm for producing fractures in the first hydraulically connected well pair and 0.011 and 0.020 cm for flowing fractures in the second well pair. Assuming uniform distribution of 226Ra along fracture walls and long residence time of water relative to 222Rn decay, the ratio of fracture apertures should equal the inverse ratio of 222Rn concentration in each well. Assuming 50% error in hydraulic aperture estimation and 10% analytical uncertainty in 222Rn measurement, differences in 222Rn concentration between wells in the hydraulically connected pairs can be attributed solely to differences in hydraulic aperture. Different hydraulic apertures, however, do not explain different 222Rn concentrations between well pairs. Allowing for measurement error, a cubic meter of rock transfers from 1.3 to 20 times more 222Rn to ground water in the first pair of wells than in the second pair. Nonuniform distribution of 226Ra along fracture walls, heterogeneous emanating power in the rock-water system, or short ground-water residence time along the transmissive fracture network may account for the difference between well pairs.
Compact reachability labeling for graph-structured data

Testing reachability between nodes in a graph is a well-known problem with many important applications, including knowledge representation, program analysis, and more recently, biological and ontology databases inferencing as well as XML query processing. Various approaches have been proposed to encode graph reachability information using node labeling schemes, but most existing schemes only work well for specific types of graphs. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, HLSS(Hierarchical Labeling of Sub-Structures), which identifies different types of substructures within a graph and encodes them using techniques suitable to the characteristics of each of them. We implement HLSS with an efficient two-phase algorithm, where the first phase identifies and encodes strongly connected components as well as tree substructures, and the second phase encodes the remaining reachability relationships by compressing dense rectangular submatrices in the transitive closure matrix. For the important subproblem of finding densest submatrices, we demonstrate the hardness of the problem and propose several practical algorithms. Experiments show that HLSS handles different types of graphs well, while existing approaches fall prey to graphs with substructures they are not designed to handle.
Cyanocarbons: A classic example of discovery-driven research

Cyanocarbons are organic compounds bearing enough cyano functional groups to significantly alter their chemical properties. For example, tetracyanoethylene forms a stable anion radical, is a strong 7r acid, and readily substitutes its cyano groups. Tetracyanoethylene oxide reacts by addition across its carbon-carbon bond. Diazodicyanoimidazole cleaves nitrogen to form a superelectrophilic carbene, and pentacyanocyclopentadiene is about as acidic as perchloric acid. In this highlight, discovery-driven research that fanned out from tetracyanoethylene to a multiperson effort at DuPont on cyanocarbon chemistry is narrated.
Effect of an Ant. Hypophyseal Extract upon Serum Calcium and Phosphorus

SummaryA slight increase in serum inorganic phosphorus without a significant increase in serum calcium after multiple injections of anterior pituitary extract in rats is regarded as insufficient proof of the presence of a parathyreotropic factor in the extract examined.
Meteoric Calcitization and Incipient Lithification of Recent High-Magnesium Calcite Muds, Belize

High-magnesium calcite-dominated muddy sediments on subaerially exposed rays in northern Belize are being pervasively altered to and lithified by low-magnesium calcite in the meteoric environment. Such diagenesis, occurring in sediments less than 1000-1500 years old, is indicated by the rapid loss of Mg from muds and foraminifera, progressively lighter mean isotopic compositions in LMC-cemented muds relative to those in unaltered marine muds, and concurrent reduction in Sr and increase in Mn concentrations. The fabrics of these LMC deposits are micrites and microspars to pseudospars with pore-filling LMC cements of similar crystal size. These fabrics are similar to calcitized aragonite-dominated precursor micrites except that aragonite relics in microspar or pseudospar are relatively rare in these samples.
MANAGEMENT OF TRACHEOMALACIA IN ASSOCAITION WITH CONGENITAL TRACHEO-OESOPHAGEAL FISTULA

Tracheomalacia is commonly associated with oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Severe cases may present with life threatening cyanotic and apnoeic attacks following surgical repair of the oesophageal atresia. The anaesthetic, and surgical management (by tracheopexy), of such a case are described.
Behavior of Cationic Surfactants in Poly(styrene sulfonate) Brushes

The adsorption behavior of a cationic surfactant (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) in a sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (NaPSS) brush in the presence of 1 mM NaNO 3 was investigated by ellipsometry. The interactions between surfactants and brush chains determined from these results are compared with data from other types of experiments on similar systems. Four adsorption regimes were found, including regimes dominated by electrostatic interactions and by hydrophobic interactions. As the concentration of the surfactant increased from zero in the bulk solution surrounding the PSS brush, (1) surfactant monomers replaced Na + ions reversibly, in a manner analogous to ion exchange, until β (the ratio of the number of bound surfactants to the total number of negatively charged monomers of PSS) reached 0.2-0.3 (1 x 10 -6 M CTAB), (2) surfactants in the brushes interacted with each other hydrophobically, making adsorption irreversible and producing contraction of the brush (0.3 < β < 0.4), (3) the rate of adsorption increase was suppressed, by the squeezing out of available volume in the shrinking brush (β = 0.4), (4) additional uptake of surfactants took place above 1 x 10 -4 M CTAB in bulk solution (still 1 order of magnitude lower than the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of CTAB), because of the hydrophobic aggregation of surfactants on surfactant-polyelectrolyte complexes in the brushes. The overall conclusion and insight gained from this work is that surfactants are taken up, even at micromolar concentrations, extensively and in a nonlinear, cooperative fashion, in polyelectrolyte brushes. These data imply that the properties expected from highly hydrated polyelectrolyte brushes (steric protection, lubricity) are strongly modified by the presence of oppositely charged surfactants.
Influence of Thermal and Oxygen Stratification on Lake Trout Hooking Mortality

Abstract We used dart tags and biotelemetry to determine the influence of thermal and oxygen stratification on the mortality of larger lake trout Salvelinus namaycush (>560 mm) that were hooked and released in Lake Granby, Colorado, in 1990–1992. During August and September, suitable thermal refuges ( 3 mg/L). We recaptured 5.7%, of fish marked in summer with dart tags and 10.1 % of fish tagged during the rest of the year. Higher mortality of fish tagged in summer was probably caused by the lack of adequate dissolved oxygen in the thermal refuge during late summer. We believe that slot length limits for larger fish may not achieve management goals for Lake Granby because large lake trout have slow growth and high late-summer hooking mortality that may negate the ...
Statistical methods for prehospital care research.

Performing well-designed and properly analyzed clinical and systems research is the essential first step in improving out-of-hospital medical care, and only through such research can we better our understanding of the effectiveness of both current and innovative practices. Using efficient study designs and appropriate analytic techniques will ensure the quality of out-of-hospital research and will make the implementation of such research more rewarding for the clinical investigator. The purpose of this article is to present and explore concepts underlying the statistical design and analysis of clinical research in the out-of-hospital setting.
Serum amyloid A polymorphism in a subject with a naturally occurring inflammatory response

Abstract Serum amyloid A proteins (SAA) were isolated from the high density lipoproteins of an otherwise healthy man recovering from streptococcal pharyngitis. SAA comprised approximately 25% of the total HDL apoprotein. Five SAA polymorphic forms were isolated by DEAE cellulose chromatography. As judged by electrophoretic mobility and amino acid composition these proteins were indistinguishable from those present in the sera of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, with or without tissue amyloidosis.
1500 REGULATION OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY (CBFV) IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) INFANTS WITH HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE (HMD)

In adults arterial oxygen content (CaO2) and pCO2 are the major regulators of cerebral blood flow (CBF) while CBF is constant in the face of changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). In this study Doppler ultrasonography was used to examine the effects of these factors on CBFV in non-asphyxiated LBW infants with HMD requiring mechanical ventilation. Infants were studied on days 1-7, 14 and 21. CBFV was measured in the anterior cerebral artery for determination of the Area Under the Velocity Curve (AUTC)/min. Blood flow velocity was measured in the carotid artery and Diastolic/Systolic ratio (D/S) determined. Hematocrit (HCT), blood gases, MABP and LA/AO ratio (echocardiogram) were measured. CaO2 was calculated from the hemoglobin dissociation curve. No infant had evidence of ductal shunting on the basis of a normal LA/AO ratio, absence of a murmur, normal pulses and a normal D/S ratio (+.32±.09) (m±sd). Data analysis (n=61) revealed a significant inverse relationship between CaO2 and AUTC/min (r=.46) (p<.01). A strong linear correlation was found between pCO2 and AUTC (r=.40) (p<.01). Despite a rise in MABP associated with postnatal age (r=.57), AUTC/min was constant over the observed range of MABP (29-67 mmHg). We conclude that autoregulation of CBF is present in non-asphyxiated LBW infants with HMD and that their CBF is not pressure-passive as previously suggested.
Functional-Anatomical Organization of Predicate Metaphor Processing

The bulk of the research on the neural organization of metaphor comprehension has focused on nominal metaphors and the metaphoric relationships between word pairs. By contrast, little work has been conducted on predicate metaphors using verbs of motion such as "The man fell under her spell." We examined predicate metaphors as compared to literal sentences of motion such as "The child fell under the slide" in an event-related, functional MRI study. Our results demonstrated greater activation in the left inferior frontal cortex and left lateral temporal lobe for predicate metaphors as compared to literal sentences, while no differences were seen in homologous areas of the right hemisphere. We suggest that the results support a neural organization principle for motion processing in which greater abstraction proceeds along a posterior-to-anterior axis within the lateral portion of the left temporal cortex.
Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films at high hydrostatic pressure

Abstract The pressure dependence of the piezoelectric hydrostatic pressure coefficient, d p, and the pyroelectric coefficient, p y, was determined from atmospheric pressure to 7 Kbar over a temperature range from -80°C to +48°C for poled, uniaxially oriented film. The effect of the glass transition on d p and p y as a function of pressure is compared to the pressure dependence of the glass transition temperature obtained from dielectric studies. The ratio of d p/py as a function of pressure and temperature is presented.
Phenomenology of dynamic thermal signatures around surface mines

The ability to detect buried land mines under a wide variety of environmental conditions is an important Army requirement. Both for interpreting signatures of mines and to ensure appropriate modeling of mine and background signatures, it is important to understand the phenomena that result in different signature patterns. The dynamic signatures can change quickly in time due to changing meteorological conditions and their impact on the mine, the soil, and on the mine-soil interaction. In field tests, infrared measurements of surface and near surface mines have shown anomalous concentric thermal signatures around the mine. The cause of these irregularities is not known. We conduct numerical multidimensional finite element calculations to investigate interactions between the meteorological conditions, the mine, and the nearby soil to elucidate the cause for these signatures. Both in-situ temperature measurements and model results show that thermal interactions between the mine and the soil are responsible for the signatures. The warm area around the mine in the nearby soil is predominant primarily at night. The warm ring effect is most likely to exist in dry soil and for mines whose heat capacity exceeds that of the soil, resulting in thermal dominance of the mine in the coupled mine-soil thermal regime. Wet soils are less likely to display the thermal contrast of the warm ring. Improved understanding of physical interactions between the mine and the background may facilitate improved discrimination between signatures of mines and of false alarms.
Flash shadow detection and removal in stereo photography

Shadows created by flash when taking stereo images adversely affect 3D perception when stereo images are merged into 3D images. This paper presents a shadow detection and removal algorithm for stereo images taken under flash lighting. This is the first attempt at addressing the flash shadow problem in stereo photography. A quantitative measure is introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of shadow detection and a subjective rating is done to evaluate the effectiveness of shadow relighting or removal for 3D perception. It is shown that the developed solution outperforms the previous solutions designed for single images.