cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRACHEAL DEAD SPACE IN THE RESPIRATION OF BIRDS.

Some of the most compelling evidence for organic evolution has been provided in cases of evolutionary convergence. The examples of convergence most commonly cited are qualitative morphological descriptions. However, quantitative allometric analysis can direct our attention to the possibility that a given problem may have a very limited number of solutions. If several factors conspire to preclude all but one solution, convergent evolution will result (Gould, 1966). The increasing availability of data on commonly measured physiological and anatomical features permits allometric consideration of convergence, giving rather far-reaching implications and suggestions from such a simple technique. This approach has been particularly valuable in assessing respiratory physiology (e.g., Tenney and Remmers, 1963; Tenney and Bartlett, 1967; Stahl, 1967). Differences between birds and mammals would have interesting bearings upon the relative merits of the two respiratory anatomical designs, while similarities might suggest functional constraints upon the course of respiratory evolution. The spatial separation of cephalic air intake and thoracic lungs confers certain advantages (Ingelstedt, 1956; Jackson and Schmidt-Nielsen, 1964; Schmidt-Nielsen et al., 1970; Getz, 1967). Before reaching the extensive and delicate exchange surfaces of the lungs, inhaled air is partly or completely humidified and equilibrated to body temperature. However, this arrangement also has the inherent disadvantage of tracheal "dead air space." At the end of expiration a significant column of
ISOLATION OF 16 OH PREGNENOLONE FROM URINE OF NEWBORN INFANTS.

SummaryIsolation and identification of 3β,16α-Dihydroxypregn-5-ene-20-one (16 OH pregnenolone) in the urine of 2 young infants are described. Patient 1, a female pseudohermaphrodite with CAH, excreted 3.7–8.1 mg/day prior to adrenal suppression therapy. Patient 2, an endocrinologically normal newborn male with intestinal obstruction, excreted 0.21–0.81 mg/day. It is concluded that the high excretion of 16 OH pregnenolone in the patient with CAH is an exaggeration of the normal neonatal pattern secondary to the marked adrenal ACTH stimulation in untreated patients with CAH.
Nuclear and Cell Division

Aside from an orderly net synthesis of proteins and other biochemicals that result in growth, the most important activity of cells of the vast majority of organisms is that of reproducing others of their own kind. These acts of reproduction involve division of the existing nucleus and cytoplasm into two, each resulting half resembling its counterpart as completely as possible. Because cytoplasmic division, or cytokinesis, is the simpler but less thoroughly known of this pair of activities, it is examined before nuclear division (mitosis or meiosis) receives attention. Then a closing section of this final chapter brings out salient points of the cell as a whole that need careful consideration.
Modeling Disease Spread at Global Mass Gatherings: Data Requirements and Challenges

Spread of infectious diseases at global mass gatherings can pose health threats to both the hosting country and the countries where participants originate. The travel patterns at the end of these international events may result in epidemics that can grow to pandemic levels within a short period of time. Computational models are essential tools to estimate, study, and control disease outbreaks at mass gatherings. These models can be integrated in the planning and preparation process of mass gatherings. In this paper, we present a review of the key data requirements and the challenges encountered when modeling infectious diseases epidemics initiated by global mass gatherings. This review can assist epidemic modeling at global mass gatherings providing researchers with insights of the main aspects and possible big data opportunities in this emerging research area.
The End of the Russian Idea: Sergey Horujy and Valery Podoroga

In the preceding chapters we saw the frequency to which Russian philosophers turn to literature for philosophical inspiration. We also saw some problematic associations that arise from the union of these two disciplines. One such association falls under the mythologized rubric of the “Russian idea,” whereby true Russian philosophy is said to be essentially literary and religious, as opposed to having an analytic or secular character. In this chapter, I look at the intersection of philosophy and literature outside the essentialism of the “Russian idea,” specifically in the work of two of Russia’s best-known contemporary philosophers — Sergey Horujy and Valery Podoroga. While Horujy and Podoroga differ starkly in their philosophical styles and conclusions, both consider their philosophical approaches as representing alternatives to the hyperreligiosity of the 1990s, whereby the legacy of prerevolutionary Russian religious philosophy was reappropriated in the newly postcommunist Russian Federation. Podoroga has called the religious turn of the 1990s the “sacralization” of Russian philosophy, while Horujy points to the “methodological sloppiness” of Russian religious thought in this period.1
The Caribbean Religious Environment: The Twentieth Century

North American Pentecostal missionaries began arriving in the British West Indian colonies in the 1950s with plans to take the evangelical message of salvation to the masses of poor descendants of enslaved Africans living there. However, Wesleyan Methodist missionaries had already established evangelization projects in these very islands beginning in the late eighteenth century, and clergy from the WMMS were still stationed there in the 1950s. However, by the mid-twentieth century, Wesleyan Methodism had lost its evangelical fervor and had become one of the established or mainline denominations in Britain’s West Indian colonies. In the Windward Islands and Barbados in the 1950s, the Roman Catholics, Anglicans, and Methodists (and a few others) were the established colonial denominations, and these still held religious and social dominance as was reflected in the religious culture in the colonies, and on each denomination’s large baptismal membership rolls.
Visual processing is biased in peripersonal foot space

Objects in peripersonal space are of great importance for interaction with the sensory world. A variety of research exploring sensory processing in peripersonal space has produced extensive evidence for altered vision near the hands. However, visual representations of the peripersonal space surrounding the feet remain unexplored. In a set of four experiments, we investigated whether observers experience biases in visual processing for objects near the feet that mirror the alterations associated with near-hand space. Participants performed attentional-cueing tasks in which they detected targets appearing (1) near or far from a single visible foot, (2) near one of two visible feet, (3) near or far from a nonfoot visual anchor, or (4) near or far from an occluded foot. We found a temporal cost associated with detecting targets appearing far from a visible foot, but no biases were associated with targets appearing near versus far from either a nonfoot visual anchor or an occluded foot. These results provide the first evidence suggesting that objects within stepping or kicking distance are processed differently from objects outside of peripersonal foot space.
Attenuation length of scintillation light in liquid xenon

The scintillation light induced by /sup 241/Am 5.5-MeV alpha particles in one liter of liquid xenon was detected with an ultraviolet (UV) photomultiplier optically coupled to the test chamber by a sapphire window. The attenuation of the light output was measured by varying the distance between the internal radiation source and the photomultiplier window in the range 2.37-0.25 cm. A fit to the data with an exponential function gives an effective attenuation length of 3 cm. This value includes the loss of UV photons due to the poor surface reflectivity of the chamber inner walls made of stainless steel. >
Biomimetic and bioinspired approaches for wiring enzymes to electrode interfaces

Biomimetic and bioinspired approaches to redox enzyme wiring involve borrowing structures and strategies found in biological electron transfer systems for use in engineered devices. Redox protein–electrode systems are evolving for several applications, including energy, biomedical and environmental purposes. This review is intended to be both “tutorial” and comprehensive in that we provide a guide to understand, design, and improve electrode interfaces for redox enzyme electron transfer processes in devices. The review examines electrode interfaces by directly comparing them with biological electron transfer systems. First, the mechanisms, theory, and structures for electron transfer in biological systems are provided, followed by analysis of the strategies and structures engineered in redox-protein devices. The review describes the challenges of constructing and applying redox enzyme devices, including the poor electrical contact between electrodes and enzymes and low lifetime and scalability of devices.
Recovering Socialism for Feminist Legal Theory in the 21 st Century

This Article argues that a significant strand of feminist theory in the1970s and 1980s — socialist feminism — has largely been ignored by feminist jurisprudence in the United States and explores potential contributions to legal theory of recapturing the insights of socialist feminism. It describes both the context out of which that theory grew, in the civil rights, anti-war, and anti-imperialist struggles of the 1960s, and the contents of the theory as developed in the writings of certain authors such as Heidi Hartmann, Zillah Eisenstein, and Iris Young, as well as their predecessors in the U.K., and in the practice of socialist feminist groups in the United States during the same period. Although many American feminist legal theorists themselves participated in or were influenced by the progressive movements of the 1960s and 1970s, socialist feminism is virtually absent from their writings, except for those of Catharine MacKinnon, who, despite sympathy with the approach, disagreed with it and went on to develop her own version of feminist equality theory. The author argues that the time is now ripe to recapture this strand of feminism and explore what it would add to the study and pursuit of women’s equality.
Die Integrationsfunktion öffentlicher Kommunikation im Kontext

Jede Generation glaubt an die Einzigartigkeit ihrer Epoche und der darin zum Ausdruck kommenden Charakteristika. Auch die Gegenwart stellt keine Ausnahme von der Regel dar, da viele Autoren immense und sich beschleunigende gesellschaftliche wie technologische Wandlungsprozesse postulieren, die sie v. a. mit „dem Internet“ in Verbindung bringen.
Threshold Chloride Concentrations and Passivity Breakdown of Rebar Steel in Real Concrete Solution at Different pH Conditions with the Addition of Glycerol

Addition of glycerol as a viscosity modifier in concrete is proposed to decrease the permeability of corrosion-inducing ions such as chloride and sulfate. In addition to controlling the permeability of concrete, glycerol could perform as an inhibitor of corrosion of rebar steel. Cyclic polarization studies were carried out on metallographically polished rebar steel specimens in actual concrete solutions at two different pH conditions (pH 12.5 and 9.0) and different chloride concentrations. The threshold concentration of chloride for passivity breakdown at pH 12.5 was greater than 50 × 10−3 mol/L in the absence of glycerol addition. The threshold increased to 81 × 10−3 mol/L upon addition of 2 wt% glycerol. The threshold chloride concentration for passivity breakdown in pH 9.0 cement solution was 0.2 × 10−3 mol/L without glycerol addition. No beneficial effect of glycerol was observed in the low pH condition. However, glycerol enhanced the passivation kinetics of the rebar steel in saturated cement solution, but did not affect the electronic properties of the passive layer. The passive layers exhibited n-type semiconductivity with a charge carrier density in the range of 2–7.5 × 1020 cm−3. Polarization of the specimens to potentials is higher than oxygen evolution potential, resulted in transition top-type semiconducting character due to an accumulation of holes. This phenomenon could be related to the passivity breakdown.
Modeling average daily rate (ADR) volatility index and room price positioning matrix

Although strategic pricing literature identifies two key dimensions of relative price position and relative price fluctuation, only recently has relative price fluctuation started to gain attention...
Engineered pores of hydrophilic nanoporous materials using wet-drying and freeze-drying

We manipulate the pore size of nanoporous polymeric photonic crystals using phase change between water and ice, demonstrating accurate post-manipulation of reflection resonances and thereby providing an approach to address grand challenges in nanomanufacturing and materials engineering.
The Blessings of Business: How Corporations Shaped Conservative Christianity: Grem, Darren E. New York: Oxford University Press 304 pp., $34.95, ISBN 978-0199927975 Publication Date: June 2016

Darren Grem's The Blessings of Business is a detailed, wide-ranging study of evangelicals in the corporate world during the postwar era. Yet it is more than merely a chronicle of successful evangel...
Management of Preterm Labor

Preterm birth occurs in 9.6% of pregnancies worldwide with gestational age being most strongly correlated with fetal outcomes. Goals in the treatment of preterm labor include transfer to an appropriate hospital and administration of the following medications if indicated: antibiotics, steroids for fetal lung maturity, tocolysis, and magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection. Intrapartum care is often complicated due to multiple comorbidities. Indications for cesarean delivery are similar to those at term [1].
Dorsoventral differences in cAMP levels and correlated changes in the subcellular distribution of the PKA catalytic domain, provide further evidence that PKA signaling coordinates dorsoventral patterning of the otocyst

Dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the otocyst gives rise to formation of the morphologically and functionally complex membranous labyrinth composed of unique dorsal and ventral sensory organs. DV patterning results from extracellular signaling by secreted growth factors, which presumably form reciprocal concentration gradients across the DV axis of the otocyst. Previous work suggested a model in which two important growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and SHH, undergo crosstalk through an intersecting pathway to coordinate DV patterning. cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) lies at the heart of this pathway. Here, we provide further evidence that PKA signaling coordinates DV patterning, showing that both BMPs and SHH regulate cAMP levels, with BMPs increasing levels in the dorsal otocyst and SHH decreasing levels in the ventral otocyst. This, in turn, results in regional changes in the subcellular distribution of the catalytic domain of PKA, as well as DV regulation of PKA activity, increasing it dorsally and decreasing it ventrally. These new results fill an important gap in our previous understanding of how ligand signaling acts intracellularly during otocyst DV patterning and early morphogenesis, thereby initiating the series of events leading to formation of the inner ear sensory organs that function in balance and hearing.
The Fourier Integral

Let g∈S and define g a (x) = g(ax) for a > 0. Show that $${{\hat{g}}_{a}}(y) = \frac{1}{a}\hat{g}(\frac{y}{a})$$ In particular, if \(g(x) = {{e}^{{ - {{x}^{2}}}}}\),find \({{\hat{g}}_{a}}(x)\)
Role of Operative Management in Stage IV Breast Cancer

The role of operative therapy in stage IV breast cancer continues to evolve with advances in therapy and improvements in survival among this population. Traditionally surgery was performed with palliative intent to alleviate symptoms related to the intact breast primary. Several retrospective studies have challenged this paradigm, demonstrating survival advantage with surgery in de novo metastatic disease. Prospective studies are ongoing and maturing data. A comprehensive approach to local therapy following systemic therapy may be beneficial to achieve improved survival outcome associated with stage IV- no evidence of disease and to decrease local failure in inflammatory breast cancer.
Removal Processes of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants

In an age of increasing pressures placed on the earth’s resources, there is great concern for the atmosphere’s ability to cleanse itself of anthropogenically generated material. Indeed, the earth’s atmosphere has been overloaded locally with pollution, particularly over cities, to create rather unhealthy and aesthetically unpleasant living conditions. On larger scales, there is conflicting evidence of man’s intrusion into the natural composition of the atmosphere. Perhaps the best evidence for anthropogenically stimulated imbalances between production and removal of trace constituents are the data on the continuing increase of carbon dioxide in the air. A variety of different observations has indicated that the atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased at a rate of about 0.2% per year during the period between 1958 and 1969 [1]. Other evidence such as that reported for global decreases in visibility is less well documented, and independent evidence of emission surveys does not confirm a serious increase in global haze development by anthropogenic sources [1,6].
Lateral and Longitudinal Tire Forces

Forces and moments from the road act on each tire of the vehicle and highly influence the dynamics of the vehicle. This chapter focuses on mathematical models for describing these tire forces and moments.
River Chemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, and Soils in the Amazon and Orinoco Basins

In the Amazon and Orinoco basins, the chemistry of rivers can be related to the geology of their catchments when geomorphic factors are taken into consideration. To a first order, erosion processes are seen to occupy a continuum between weathering-limited (steep slopes, thin soils) and transport-limited (slight slopes, thick soils). Denudation rates for the former are lithology dependent, and significant removal of cation-rich, unstable, solid phases is expected. For the latter, erosion rates should depend on the regional lowering of the landscape; lithologic susceptibility to weathering should be a minor factor. The compositonal trends of river dissolved and solid load can be approximated for different weathering regimes using soil chemistry data. Preliminary results suggest that evolutionary models of saprolites produce results which are consistent with river chemistry.
Benefits left on the table: Evidence from the Servicemembers’ Civil Relief Act

Abstract In this study we test whether behaviorally-motivated informational interventions can lead individuals to utilize consumer financial protections. Specifically, we use a large-scale randomized controlled trial to test whether gain/loss framing and reminder messaging can lead servicemembers in the United States Army to utilize an interest-rate protection outlined in the Servicemember Civil Relief Act (SCRA). While we find that reminder messaging increases engagement with informational materials, we find no differences in engagement across gain and loss framing. Furthermore, we find that information provision has no effect on servicemember credit outcomes, regardless of how SCRA protections are framed or whether email reminders are sent. We run a second experiment to explore what factors may be limiting the efficacy of our interventions and find that low engagement with emails and significant attrition throughout the application process are likely to contribute to our results. Taken together, our results suggest that financial education or information interventions offered via email face significant challenges to their effectiveness even when the apparent benefits seem large.
Recent advances in the feeding and nutrition of dairy goats

There have been recent advances concerning research of the feeding and nutrition of dairy goats in a wide array of areas. Ruminally emitted methane and supplementary feedstuffs to a lesser extent make appreciable contributions to the carbon footprint of dairy goats, with the former affected by type of production system and associated dietary characteristics. Unique behavior of goats necessitates careful consideration of the nature of confinement facilities to achieve optimal production by animals differing in social hierarchy. Physiological conditions such as nutritional needs and perhaps health status may influence diet selection by goats in both grazing and confinement settings. Some research suggests that low concentrations of protein and fat in milk of high-yielding dairy goat breeds could involve the type and nature of dietary ingredients as influencing end products of ruminal fermentation. With the relationship between milk urea nitrogen concentration and efficiency of dietary protein utilization, through future research the measure may be a useful tool for diet formulation as in dairy cattle. Effects of dietary inclusion of sources of fats and oils vary considerably depending on their nature, as is also true for byproduct feedstuffs and conventional ones being substituted for. Supplementation of dairy goats with sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids can affect oxidative stress and various feedstuffs influence antioxidant status; however, research addressing the significance of such changes under practical production settings would be beneficial.
Monitoring the earth's resources from space–Can you really identify crops by satellite?

Of the most important questions facing society today, those near the top of the list include the status and future of the world's food supply, its environmental quality and its sources of energy. These questions have increasingly been before the general public in recent years and have for an even longer period of time, been of concern to the world's thinkers, planners and policy makers. It had long been recognized that after all, our earth and its resources are finite and that as society continues to grow we must find better ways to manage these finite resources.
Fast Photochromic Dye Response in Rigid Block Polymer Thermosets

The behavior of photochromic spiropyran (SP) dyes is greatly affected by the local environment in which they reside. Fluid microenvironments such as liquidlike polymers grant favorably fast dye dec...
Case 2: Chronic Testicular Torsion in a Healthy Neonate

A male newborn, weighing 3,180 g, is born via spontaneous vaginal delivery at 38 3/7 weeks’ gestation to a 26-year-old, gravida 4, para 3 woman. The pregnancy is uncomplicated and the family history negative. At birth, the right scrotum is swollen and the left testis is not palpable. Scrotal ultrasonography shows a right hydrocele with mild swelling and reduced perfusion of the right testicle (Fig 1A and 1B). The left testicle appears to be in the left inguinal canal with blood flow present (Fig 2A and 2B). He is discharged on day 2 with outpatient follow-up scheduled with urology in 1 week. Figure 1. Sagittal views of the right testicle demonstrate course, heterogeneous echotexture and a moderate-sized hydrocele and no focal mass. Figure 2. These transverse and sagittal images of the left testicle demonstrate coarse hetrogeneous echotexture with a trace hydrocele and no focal mass. The family does not follow up, and the infant presents at 4 weeks of age with bilateral testicular swelling. On examination, the left testis is not palpable and there is diffuse scrotal swelling with no surrounding erythema. Cremasteric reflex is present on the right, but absent on the left. No chordee is noted and transillumination of scrotal skin is …
Hierarchical Transcriptional Control of the LuxR Quorum-Sensing Regulon of Vibrio harveyi.

ABSTRACT In vibrios, quorum sensing controls hundreds of genes that are required for cell density-specific behaviors including bioluminescence, biofilm formation, competence, secretion, and swarming motility. The central transcription factor in the quorum-sensing pathway is LuxR/HapR, which directly regulates ∼100 genes in the >400-gene regulon of Vibrio harveyi. Among these directly controlled genes are 15 transcription factors, which we predicted would comprise the second tier in the hierarchy of the LuxR regulon. We confirmed that LuxR binds to the promoters of these genes in vitro and quantified the extent of LuxR activation or repression of transcript levels. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) indicates that most of these transcriptional regulators control only a few genes, with the exception of MetJ, which is a global regulator. The genes regulated by these transcription factors are predicted to be involved in methionine and thiamine biosynthesis, membrane stability, RNA processing, c-di-GMP degradation, sugar transport, and other cellular processes. These data support a hierarchical model in which LuxR directly regulates 15 transcription factors that drive the second level of the gene expression cascade to influence cell density-dependent metabolic states and behaviors in V. harveyi. IMPORTANCE Quorum sensing is important for survival of bacteria in nature and influences the actions of bacterial groups. In the relatively few studied examples of quorum-sensing-controlled genes, these genes are associated with competition or cooperation in complex microbial communities and/or virulence in a host. However, quorum sensing in vibrios controls the expression of hundreds of genes, and their functions are mostly unknown or uncharacterized. In this study, we identify the regulators of the second tier of gene expression in the quorum-sensing system of the aquaculture pathogen Vibrio harveyi. Our identification of regulatory networks and metabolic pathways controlled by quorum sensing can be extended and compared to other Vibrio species to understand the physiology, ecology, and pathogenesis of these organisms.
The Development of Negative Event-Emotion Matching in Infancy: Implications for Theories in Affective Science

Predicting another person’s emotional response to a situation is an important component of emotion concept understanding. However, little is known about the developmental origins of this ability. The current studies examine whether 10-month-olds expect facial configurations/vocalizations associated with negative emotions (e.g., anger, disgust) to be displayed after specific eliciting events. In Experiment 1, 10-month-olds (N = 60) were familiarized to an Emoter interacting with objects in a positive event (Toy Given) and a negative event (Toy Taken). Infants expected the Emoter to display a facial configuration associated with anger after the negative event, but did not expect the Emoter to display a facial configuration associated with happiness after the positive event. In Experiment 2, 10- and 14-month-olds (N = 120) expected the Emoter to display a facial configuration associated with anger, rather than one associated with disgust, after an “anger-eliciting” event (Toy Taken). However, only the 14-month-olds provided some evidence of linking a facial configuration associated with disgust, rather than one associated with anger, to a “disgust-eliciting event” (New Food). Experiment 3 found that 10-month-olds (N = 60) did not expect an Emoter to display a facial configuration associated with anger after an “anger-eliciting” event involving an Unmet Goal. Together, these experiments suggest that infants start to refine broad concepts of affect into more precise emotion concepts over the first 2 years of life, before learning emotion language. These findings are a first step toward addressing a long-standing theoretical debate in affective science about the nature of early emotion concepts.
Parrotfish predation drives distinct microbial communities in reef-building corals.

Coral-associated microbial communities are sensitive to multiple environmental and biotic stressors that can lead to dysbiosis and mortality. Although the processes contributing to these microbial shifts remain inadequately understood, a number of potential mechanisms have been identified. For example, predation by various corallivore species, including ecologically-important taxa such as parrotfishes, may disrupt coral microbiomes via bite-induced transmission and/or enrichment of potentially opportunistic bacteria. Here, we used a combination of mesocosm experiments and field-based observations to investigate whether parrotfish corallivory can alter coral microbial assemblages directly and to identify the potentially relevant pathways (e.g. direct transmission) that may contribute to these changes. Our mesocosm experiment demonstrated that predation by the parrotfish Chlorurus spilurus on Porites lobata corals resulted in a 2-4x increase in bacterial alpha diversity of the coral microbiome and a shift in bacterial community composition after 48 h. These changes corresponded with greater abundance of both potentially beneficial (i.e. Oceanospirillum) and opportunistic bacteria (i.e. Flammeovirgaceae, Rhodobacteraceae) in predated compared to mechanically wounded corals. Importantly, many of these taxa were detectable in C. spilurus mouths, but not in corals prior to predation. When we sampled bitten and unbitten corals in the field, corals bitten by parrotfishes exhibited 3x greater microbial richness and a shift in community composition towards greater abundance of both potential beneficial symbionts (i.e. Ruegeria) and bacterial opportunists (i.e. Rhodospiralles, Glaciecola). Moreover, we observed 4x greater community variability in naturally bitten vs. unbitten corals, a potential indicator of dysbiosis. Interestingly, some of the microbial taxa detected in naturally bitten corals, but not unbitten colonies, were also detected in parrotfish mouths. Our findings suggest that parrotfish corallivory may represent an unrecognized route of bacterial transmission and/or enrichment of rare and distinct bacterial taxa, both of which could impact coral microbiomes and health. More broadly, we highlight how underappreciated pathways, such as corallivory, may contribute to dysbiosis within reef corals, which will be critical for understanding and predicting coral disease dynamics as reefs further degrade.
CENTRAL HYPOVENTILATION IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE CARDIOMYOPATHY

Background The prevalence of central sleep apnoea–hypopnoea (CSA-H) in adult patients with chronic heart failure is remarkably high. No studies so far are done in children with cardiomyopathy to investigate the prevalence of CSA-H. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CSA-H in a pilot of eight children with severe cardiomyopathy. Patients and Methods Between January 2007 and January 2008 eight children (seven females, one male; mean age 13 years 5 months (9.3 years to 16.9 years)), admitted to the hospital for treatment of cardiomyopathy and/or screening for heart transplantation, were tested by cardiorespiratory polysomnography for the presence of CSA-H. CSA-H was scored by using standard definitions (apnoea: no signal >10 s, hypopnoea: decrease signal >50%, >10 s) and defined according to the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) as: no CSA-H: 15/h. Results At the time of the polysomnography three children (n = 2 severe, n = 1 mild CSA-H) were treated with inotropic medication, one patient (mild CSA-H) was on a left ventricular assistant device. CSA-H was present in six of the eight children (mild n = 2, moderate n = 2, severe n = 2). Conclusions This is the first study that reports central hypoventilation in a subgroup of children with severe cardiomyopathy. Screening for CSA-H should be part of every heart failure work-up. Therapeutic modalities for CSA-H in children with cardiomyopathy should be developed.
The Stress of Motherhood and Intimate Partner Violence During Emerging Adulthood

Intimate partner violence is a serious social and public health problem for women. Researchers have shown the context in which intimate partner violence occurs matters, yet, prior work has not exam...
Sever Design for Gyrotron Traveling Wave Amplifiers

A multi-stage gyrotron amplifier is analyzed by the sever design computer program. A detailed study of sever loss is carried out for the TE modes in a simple cylindrical waveguide with one sever region. The space charge wave is ignored to observe the tendency of the sever loss. Results indicate that the characteristics of the gyrotron with a sever resemble those found in other TWT devices.
A retrospective analysis of actionable pharmacogenetic/genomic biomarker language in FDA labels.

The primary goal of precision medicine is to maximize the benefit-risk relationships for individual patients by delivering the right drug to the right patients at the right dose. To achieve this goal, it has become increasingly important to assess gene-drug interactions (GDIs) in clinical settings. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) periodically updates the table of pharmacogenetic/genomic (PGx) biomarkers in drug labeling on their website. As described herein, an effort was made to categorize various PGx biomarkers covered by the FDA-PGx table into certain groups. There were 2 major groups, oncology molecular targets (OMT) and drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs), which constitute ~70% of all biomarkers (~33% and ~35%, respectively). These biomarkers were further classified whether their labeling languages could be actionable in clinical practice. For OMT biomarkers, ~70% of biomarkers are considered actionable in clinical practice as they are critical for the selection of appropriate drugs to individual patients. In contrast, ~30% of DMET biomarkers are considered actionable for the dose adjustments or alternative therapies in specific populations, such as CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 poor metabolizers. In addition, the GDI results related to some of the other OMT and DMET biomarkers are considered to provide valuable information to clinicians. However, clinical GDI results on the other DMET biomarkers can possibly be used more effectively for dose recommendation. As the labels of some drugs already recommend the precise doses in specific populations, it will be desirable to have clear language for dose recommendation of other (or new) drugs if appropriate.
Public Administration Training in Basic Police Academies: A 50-State Comparative Analysis:

Recent controversial interactions of police with the public have become an issue of important concern for public and governmental leaders, who have openly questioned current models of police traini...
Improved trajectory tracing of underwater vehicles for flow field mapping

The Motion Tomography (MT) algorithm maps an ocean flow field using sporadically measured positions of underwater vehicles. A key step of the MT algorithm, called trajectory tracing, is to estimate the underwater trajectories of the vehicles based on the estimated flow field and known start and end positions. This paper extends the MT algorithm by developing a set of analytical formulas to compute the underwater trajectories. These analytical formulas enable us to study the convergence of the MT algorithm, and we prove that the estimated trajectory and measured trajectory end positions converge as the MT algorithm proceeds. Experimental results are collected on the Georgia Tech Miniature Autonomous Blimps to demonstrate that the MT algorithm can be applied to reconstruct a wind field in an indoor environment using nothing but sparse position measurements. We further validate the MT algorithm using data collected by an underwater glider deployed in the South Atlantic Bight. We demonstrate MT is able to reconstruct the ocean flow field using recorded glider surfacing positions and improve the spatial distribution of a dead reckoning flow field map.
Excel, in More Ways Than One

This chapter discusses my growth over the past 5 years from a floundering new professor to somewhat more seasoned methods prof. I will explain how I moved on from an awful first semester teaching methods by incorporating listening as a key component of my teaching philosophy, as well as how I determined that Excel was perhaps the most important thing I could teach in this course, both for the statistics work I wanted my students to achieve and as a skill that transfers to almost any job I can imagine. These decisions have paid dividends for both me and, more importantly, my students.
Biological Factors and Treatment Decision in Early Breast Cancer

There are several prognostic factors available today that can be used to guide the treatment decision for patients with early breast cancer. These include axillary lymph node status, tumor size, histopathologic classification, histologic and nuclear grade, estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, age or menopausal status, DNA ploidy and proliferation. The latest generation of prognostic factors includes measures of proliferation, oncoproteins and growth factors, tumor suppressor genes, invasion-related factors, and heat shock proteins. It must be stressed that these newer factors are still being evaluated and that validation studies are required before they can be considered routine and used in the clinical decision making process. The challenge for the future is to investigate methods for combining prognostic factors into prognostic indices that can be used to accurately estimate the probability of disease recurrence and death, and to predict the likelihood that a patient will benefit from a particular therapy.
The Social Psychology of Disability

Preface Chapter 1 - Overview: The Social Psychology of Disability Chapter 2 - Fundamental Psychosocial Concepts for Understanding Disability Chapter 3 - Challenges: Stigma, Stereotyping, and Disability Chapter 4 - Attitudes Toward People with Disabilities Chapter 5 - Coping with and Adjusting to Disability Chapter 6 - Towards an Understanding of Disability Identity Chapter 7 - A Positive Psychology of Disability and Rehabilitation Chapter 8 - The Ecology of Disability References Index
SmartDefense and Web Intelligence

SmartDefense and Web Intelligence combine to provide network, application, and Web server protection for the architecture. This chapter discusses both basic and advanced concepts for network security and reveal how Check Point's technologies supply relief for current threats. In addition, specific exercises to block particular threats are also discussed. Throughout chapter, specific examples of threats are given which include, peer-to-peer and SQL, and some ways to mitigate the risk associated with these threats. Deploying an NGX gateway properly takes more consideration than just implementing a typical security policy. Check Point designed a comprehensive security product that one can leverage to protect the organization at the perimeter. NGX not only provides access control, but it allows one to employ solutions that detect, prevent, or block attacks targeting your protected hosts. Check Point's NGX version of its VPN-1 Pro Gateway is an exceptional way to begin securing the network because it provides a multitude of protective and preventative tools to aid in the task of securing the environment.
Sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction assays for diagnosis of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and HTLV-II infections in HTLV-I/II-seropositive individuals.

To confirm and differentiate between human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and HTLV-II infections, we analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 98 individuals seropositive for HTLV-I/II using pol (SK110/111) and tax (SK43/44) consensus primer pairs. A total of 96 samples (97.9%) were positive by the tax generic probe, while 95 were typed by the HTLV-I and HTLV-II pol probes. The three pol-negative samples were successfully amplified and typed by nested PCR with primers internal to SK110 and SK111. Results of PCR with a lysate of leukocyte nuclei obtained by whole blood lysis were comparable to those obtained with peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 HTLV-seropositive subjects. Images
Good Humor, Bad Taste: A Sociology of the Joke

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Giselinde Kuipers Translators: Kate Simms Year: 2006 Pages: 293 Publisher: Mouton de Gruyter ISBN: 978-3-11-018615-4 (hard cover). Prices: $132.30 USD(hard cover).
Shakespeare and the Power of Performance: Performance, game, and representation in Richard III

To move from a late moral play to Shakespeare's first tetralogy is to encounter a puzzling hiatus. This hiatus divides the moral interludes and related dramatic medleys of the 1560s and 1570s from the new and startling impetus coming from Kyd and Marlowe in the second half of the 1580s. Never sufficiently accounted for, the space between these types of plays, and between their dates of composition, bears significantly on the emergent Elizabethan relations of page and stage. Grappling with the terra incognita of these years, theatre historians, particularly in the wake of Janet Loengard's work on the Red Lion theatre, have encountered a marked “disparity between theatrical activity and printed texts,” where the extremely small number of extant texts sits uneasily with widespread flourishing of performance practices. As we know, regular stagings of amphitheatrical shows for large audiences occurred not only after the opening of the Theatre (1576) and the Curtain (1577) but even a decade earlier, with the setting up of the Red Lion (1567). Recent work in theatre history has given us a cultural landscape that, even when tantalizingly obscured, prompts new and pertinent questions. Up to a certain time, the history of dramatic literature (the work of such authors as, for example, Nicholas Udall, Richard Edwards, George Whetstone, and George Gascoigne) was largely discontinuous with itinerant and nonacademic shows. These shows clearly proliferated prior to the Shakespearean stage.
Latanoprost's effects on TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression in human ciliary muscle cells.

Purpose To determine the effect of treatment with latanoprost on the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2 in cultured human ciliary muscle (HCM) cells. Methods Confluent serum-starved HCM cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of latanoprost acid (LA, 1 nM to 10 micro M) for 6, 18, and 24 hours. TIMP-1 and -2 mRNA transcripts were evaluated by RT-PCR. Gelatin zymography was used to measure changes in the amount of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in the culture medium. To evaluate the potential role of PKC, HCM cells were treated with phorbol 12-myrisate 13-acetate (PMA) in the absence or presence of the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I (Bis I) or the PKA inhibitor KT5720. Data were quantitated by densitometry and statistically analyzed with the Student-Newman-Keuls test. Results TIMP-1 and -2 mRNA transcripts and proteins were detected in primary cultures of HCM cells. TIMP-1 mRNA levels were unchanged at 6 hours, but increased 45% +/- 17% and 54% +/- 13% in cultures exposed for 18 hours to 1 and 10 micro M LA, respectively (n = 3). In contrast, 6 hours of exposure to LA increased expression of TIMP-2 mRNA by up to 11.3% +/- 0.2% (n = 3). However, no significant induction of TIMP-2 mRNA was observed at either 18 or 24 hours (n = 3). TIMP-1 protein was significantly increased in cultures exposed to LA for 18 and 24 hours. In contrast, TIMP-2 protein expression was insignificantly different from control cultures at 6, 18, and 24 hours of treatment. HCM cells exposed to PMA for 24 hours produced similar increases in TIMP-1 mRNA levels, as seen with latanoprost (n = 5). However, no significant induction of TIMP-2 mRNA was observed. Zymographic analysis of the media from these cultures confirmed dose-dependent increases of MMP-1 at 6, 18, and 24 hours, whereas dose-dependent increases in MMP-2 were seen only after 24 hours' exposure to LA (n = 3). TIMP-1 protein levels were increased 27% +/- 9.3% and 15% +/- 11% in the media of cells exposed for 24 hours to 100 nM LA and 100 nM PMA, respectively (n = 5). The increases in TIMP-1 protein induced by LA were essentially eliminated by Bis I (n = 3) and unaffected by KT5720 (n = 3). Conclusions For the most part, TIMP-1, and not TIMP-2, contributes to regulation of MMP within the uveoscleral outflow pathway after exposure to latanoprost. Moreover, this induction appears to be meditated by activation of PKC.
Fatal infection caused by Francisella tularensis in a neutropenic bone marrow transplant recipient

Francisella tularensis is one of the most infectious pathogenic bacteria known. Even though immunity against this organism is thought to be primarily T cell mediated, some evidence suggests that neutrophils may also play an important protective role. We report a case of tularemia in a neutropenic bone marrow transplant recipient that sheds light on the importance of neutrophils in protection against this infection and review clinical aspects of this fascinating infection emphasizing areas of interest for immunocompromised hosts.
Involuntary part-time employment

Abstract The involuntary part-time employment of those whose usual status is part-time (full-time) has risen by 5.0% (no change) per year relative to population and is found to rise by 15.3% (17.9%) for each percentage point rise in the rate of long-term (short-term) unemployment.
Navigating Distance and Traditional Higher Education: Online Faculty Experiences.

The academic culture of higher educational institutions is characterized by specific pedagogical philosophies, assumptions about rewards and incentives, and values about how teaching is delivered. In many academic settings, however, the field of distance education has been viewed as holding marginal status. Consequently, the goal of this qualitative study was to explore faculty members’ experiences in a distance education, online university while simultaneously navigating within a traditional environment of higher education. A total of 28 faculty members participated in a threaded, asynchronous discussion board that resembled a focus group. Participants discussed perceptions about online teaching, working in an institution without a traditional tenure system, and the role of research in distance education. Findings indicated that online teaching is still regarded as less credible; however, participants also noted how this perception is gradually changing. Several benchmarks of legitimacy were identified for online universities to adopt in order to be viewed as credible. The issue of tenure still remains highly debated, although some faculty felt that tenure will be less crucial in the future. Finally, recommendations regarding attitudinal shifts within academic circles are described with particular attention to professional practice, program development, and policy decision-making in academia. Key words: distance education, online education, online faculty experiences, academia, tenure
The Opioid-Sparing Effects of Intravenous Ketorolac as an Adjuvant Analgesic in Cancer Pain: Application in Bone Metastases and the Opioid Bowel Syndrome

Side effects of morphine are common when given in titrated doses to control severe pain in advanced cancer. We report a case series of acutely ill cancer patients suffering from pain, complications of advanced disease, and opioid side effects. They were treated with intravenous (i.v.) ketorolac along with i.v. morphine using repeated dosing. Excellent pain relief with improvement in the opioid bowel syndrome was achieved. We found it possible to switch from IV ketorolac to oral ketorolac along with oral morphine for long-term pain control. Ketorolac can be well tolerated in high-dose, long-term use even in this frail patient population. An algorithm is presented for the suggested use of ketorolac as a morphine sparing agent. Potential methods for studying ketorolac further in this role are discussed.