cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive Outcomes and School Performance in Solid Tumor Cancer Survivors Lacking Therapy to the Central Nervous System

School performance in patients who have received therapy for childhood cancers has been studied in depth. Risk factors have historically included cranial radiation, intrathecal chemotherapy, and high doses of chemotherapy, including methotrexate and cytarabine. Leukemia and brain tumor survivors who receive such therapy have been the primary focus of this area of investigation. Extracranial solid tumor cancer patients lacking such risk factors have historically been expected to have normal school performance. We examined the medical records of 58 young pediatric extracranial solid tumor patients who lacked CNS-directed therapy or other known risk factors for cognitive impairment to evaluate the incidence of reported difficulties or abnormalities in neuropsychological testing. Thirty-one percent of patients were found to have at least one reported difficulty or abnormality. Of note, 34% of patients with Wilms tumor possessed difficulties compared to 23% of patients with other extracranial solid tumors. Extracranial solid tumor cancer survivors without known risk factors for school performance difficulties appear to have a higher incidence of problems than expected.
Vietnamese Americans' Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services: Relation to Cultural Variables.

This study examined the relation between culturally based variables and attitudes toward seeking mental health services among a community sample of Vietnamese Americans ( N = 148) with at least 8 years' residence in the United States (U.S.). Variables included Stigma, Traditional Beliefs about Mental Illness, Help-Seeking Preferences, Problem Prioritizing, and Disclosure. The results indicated that Disclosure, Help-Seeking Preferences, and Problem Prioritizing were significant predictors of attitudes. Greater willingness to disclose, greater preference for professional resources over family/community resources, and higher priority placed on mental/emotional health concerns over other concerns were each associated with more favorable attitudes toward seeking mental health services. Stigma and Traditional Beliefs about Mental Illness did not appear to be significant predictors. Implications of the findings are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 33: 213–231, 2005.
Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using a single snapshot of voltages induced in a real array operating in any environment

This paper investigates an electromagnetic preprocessing technique that transforms the voltages that are induced in a nonuniformly spaced array containing real antenna elements to a set of voltages that will be produced in a uniform linear virtual array (ULVA) containing omnidirectional isotropic point radiators. The objective here is that, in the processing methodology, we would like to include various electromagnetic effects like mutual coupling between the antenna elements, the presence of near-field scatterers, and the platform effects on which the antenna array is mounted. The preprocessing is carried out using a least squares method, which generates a transformation matrix for the set of induced voltages in the real array. This transformation matrix, when applied to the actual measured voltages, yields an equivalent set of voltages that will be induced in the ULVA. Then, a direct data domain superresolution technique like the matrix pencil method is applied to the processed voltages to yield the DOA for the various signals of interest. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of this method. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 335–340, 2002.
Increased resistance of DNA replication to ultraviolet light damage in amino acid-starved bacteria

Abstract Incubation of a log-phase culture of a ultraviolet light-resistant, tryptophanrequiring strain of Escherichia coli (B/r WP2) for 40 min without tryptophan allows completion of the DNA replication cycle. When this occurs before ultraviolet light exposure an increase in ultraviolet light resistance of the DNA replication system of 2-fold (in terms of target number) over the log phase culture is produced. The projection to the ordinate of the relative rate values for inhibition of DNA synthesis after a series of ultraviolet light doses gave a target number of 4 for the log phase culture and 8 for the amino acid-starved culture. A comparable increase in resistance to the lethal effect of ultraviolet light was also seen with the same preirradiation treatment. The data suggest the possibility that the same mechanism is responsible for both the decreased ultraviolet light lethality and decreased inactivation of DNA replication. Both are presumably produced by completion of the DNA replication cycle during amino acid starvation, since lack of thymine with a thymine-requiring substrain prevents the development of resistance.
A comparison of gestalt and relationship enhancement treatments with married couples

Abstract Thirty-six couples were randomly assigned to a Relationship Enhancement or to Gestalt Relationship Facilitation treatment. Each small-group treatment was conducted 2½ hours a week for 12 weeks. There were significant gains for the participants in both groups on all variables studied: marital adjustment, communication, trust and harmony, rate of positive change in the relationship, relationship satisfaction, and ability to handle problems. Relationship Enhancement participants achieved greater gains than Gestalt Relationship Facilitation participants in communication, relationship satisfaction, and ability to handle problems. The gains found—especially for the Relationship Enhancement treatment on these three variables, but for the other variables in both treatments as well—are viewed as valid and treatment specific.
Policy Objectives and Economic Incentives for Controlling Agricultural Sources of Nonpoint Pollution

In this paper, we review the physical characteristics of agricultural non point pollution and discuss the implications for setting appropriate pollution control objectives and designing incentive-based pollution control policies. First, we discuss that policy objectives must be designed carefully to ensure positive economic net benefits can be expected from pollution control. Next, we review several classes of incentives and recommend the use of design-based incentives (i.e., incentives based on variable input use, management practices, and land use) for controlling non point pollution. Cost-effectiveness requires that incentives elicit three types of responses from farmers: (1) use variable inputs at appropriate levels, (2) adopt appropriate management practices, and (3) make appropriate land use decisions at the extensive margin of production. If a set of incentives fails to induce the correct responses, the resulting runoff levels and hence ambient pollution levels and damages will be too large relative to policy goals. A review of existing programs suggests that greater program coordination and improved targeting of incentives are needed for further water quality improvements. Alternatively, properly designed market-based systems may be effective alternatives. These systems would reduce overall pollution control costs by allowing markets to allocate point source and non point source control costs more efficiently.
Cell population-based model of dermal wound invasion with heterogeneous intracellular signaling properties.

A deterministic model of dermal wound invasion, which accounts for the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) gradient sensing mechanism in fibroblasts mediated by cell surface receptors and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signal transduction pathway, was previously described (Biophys J 2006; 90:2297-2308). Here, we extend that work and implement a hybrid modeling strategy that treats fibroblasts as discrete entities endowed with heterogeneous properties, namely receptor, PI3K and 3’ phosphoinositide phosphatase expression levels. Analysis of the model suggests that the wound environment fosters the advancement of cells within the population that are better fit to migrate and/or proliferate in response to PDGF stimulation. Thus, cell-to-cell variability results in a significantly higher rate of wound invasion as compared with the deterministic model, in a manner that depends on the way in which individual cell properties are sampled or inherited upon cell division.
Disposition assessment in teacher education: A framework and instrument for assessing technology disposition

Abstract This study proposes and verifies the concept of a technology disposition in teacher education, which is comprised of predisposition and competence. It examines the reliability and validity of a measure of the technology disposition of teacher education students, the Technology Disposition Scale for Teacher Education Students (TDS‐T). The TDS‐T is comprised of two subscales: technology predisposition and technology competence. In this study, the TDS‐T was completed by 656 teacher education students. Results showed the proposed disposition model of predisposition and competence had significant relationships with gender and class year. Male students had significantly higher overall technology disposition scores than did female students, but these differences were due to the male students' strong self‐concept, especially self‐confidence. Students technology competence level was significantly higher for seniors than for sophomores, and the overall technology disposition scores significantly increased ...
A comparison of solution approaches for the fixed-sequence economic lot scheduling problem

The economic lot scheduling problem (ELSP) has received much attention recently. The general version of the problem has a non-convex objective function, so it is difficult to find truly optimal solutions. We examine the three most popular heuristic approaches to the fixed-sequence ELSP. Each approach imposes one or both of these simplifying constraints: the zero-switch constraint (production of a part is started only when its inventory is depleted) and the equal-lot constraint (the lot size of a given part is constant through time). We provide a formulation that clarifies the relationships between the general problem and the three constrained versions, and compare their performances in a computational study.
On the optimal synchronization of oscillator networks via sparse interconnection graphs

We study the optimal design of a conductance network as a means for synchronizing a given set of oscillators. By considering the conductance that connects two oscillators as the measure of the amount of communication between them, we formulate an optimal control problem that addresses the trade-off between synchronization performance and communication. Additionally, we promote the sparsity of the network by penalizing the number of interconnection links. For identical oscillators, we establish convexity and show that the design problem can be formulated as a semidefinite program. For non-identical oscillators, that can be considered as perturbations around a central (average) oscillator, we show that it is meaningful to design an optimal conductance network by assuming that all oscillators are identical to the central oscillator. Finally, for special classes of oscillator networks we derive explicit formulas for the optimal conductance values.
Extra families, Higgs spectrum, and oblique corrections

The standard model accommodates, but does not explain, three families of leptons and quarks, while various extensions suggest extra matter families. The oblique corrections from extra chiral families with relatively light (weak-scale) masses, ${M}_{f}\ensuremath{\sim}〈H〉,$ are analyzed and used to constrain the number of extra families and their spectrum. The analysis is motivated, in part, by recent $N=2$ supersymmetry constructions, but is performed in a model-independent way. It is shown that the correlations among the contributions to the three oblique parameters, rather than the contribution to a particular one, provide the most significant bound. Nevertheless, a single extra chiral family with a constrained spectrum is found to be consistent with precision data without requiring any other new physics source. Models with three additional families may also be accommodated but only by invoking additional new physics, most notably, a two-Higgs-doublet extension. The interplay between the spectra of the extra fermions and the Higgs boson(s) is analyzed in the case of either one or two Higgs doublets, and its implications are explored. In particular, the precision bound on the standard model-like Higgs boson mass is shown to be significantly relaxed in the presence of an extra relatively light chiral family.
Stereotypes of Individuals With Learning Disabilities: Views of College Students With and Without Learning Disabilities:

To explore possible reasons for low self-identification rates among undergraduates with learning disabilities (LD), we asked students (38 with LD, 100 without LD) attending two large, public, research-intensive universities to respond to a questionnaire designed to assess stereotypes about individuals with LD and conceptions of ability. Responses were coded into six categories of stereotypes about LD (low intelligence, compensation possible, process deficit, nonspecific insurmountable condition, working the system, and other), and into three categories of conceptions of intelligence (entity, incremental, neither). Consistent with past findings, the most frequent metastereotype reported by individuals in both groups related to generally low ability. In addition, students with LD were more likely to espouse views of intelligence as a fixed trait. As a whole, the study's findings have implications for our understanding of factors that influence self-identification and self-advocacy at the postsecondary level.
Ecology in the information age: patterns of use and attrition rates of internet‐based citations in ESA journals, 1997–2005

As the amount of information available on the internet has increased, so too has the number of citations to network-accessible information in scholarly research. We searched all papers in four Ecological Society of America journals from 1997 to 2005 for articles containing a citation to material on the internet. We then tested the links to determine whether the information cited in the paper was still accessible. We identified 877 articles that contained at least one link to information on the internet and a total of 2100 unique links. The majority of these citations were based on an object's location (Uniform Resource Locator; 77%), whereas the rest were based on an object's identity (eg Digital Object Identifier, GenBank Accession number). We found that 19–30% of the location-based links were unavailable and that there was a positive relationship between the age of an article and the probability of the link being inactive. Using an internet search engine, we recovered 72–84% of the lost information, lea...
Distribution of somatostatin in the mouse brain: effects of neonatal MSG treatment.

Abstract Immunocytochemical analysis using antisera generated against the brain peptide somatostatin (SRIF) was examined in the brain of normal mice and in mice with chemical lesions of the arcuate nucleus produced neonatally by the administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG). In the normal mouse brain, SRIF immunoreactivity was seen in perikarya of the preoptic and hypothalamic periventricular nuclei. The normal distribution of SRIF fibers was apparent in several hypothalamic nuclei including the arcuate nucleus and in the internal and external zones of the median eminence. Extrahypothalamic sites of SRIF immunoreactive neurons and fibers were also observed throughout the telencephalon. At 60 days of age, certain neuroendocrine deficiencies, including growth parameters and obesity, were apparent in MSG-treated newborn mice. Analysis of SRIF projections in the brain of MSG-treated mice demonstrated a neurotoxic effect on arcuate neurons and a loss of SRIF projections to this region as well. Other components of the SRIF system in brain appeared unaffected. SRIF fibers of the arcuate region seem to originate from neuronal perikarya of the periventricular nucleus suggesting that MSG-induced endocrine deficiencies may be due to SRIF interactions at the level of the arcuate nucleus.
The effects of thromboxane inhibitors on the microvascular and tumor response to photodynamic therapy.

— Vascular stasis and tissue ischemia are known to cause tumor cell death in several experimental models after photodynamic therapy (PDT); however, the mechanisms leading to this damage remain unclear. Because previous studies indicated that thromboxane release is implicated in vessel damage, we further examined the role of throm-boxane in PDT. Rats bearing chondrosarcoma were injected with 25 mg/kg Photofrin® (intravenously) 24 h before treatment. Light (135 J/cm2, 630 nm) was delivered to thc tumor area after injection of one of the following inhibitors: (1) R68070: a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor; (2) SQ-29548: a thromboxane receptor antagonist; and (3) Flunarizine: an inhibitor of platelet shape change. Systemic thromboxane levels were determined. Vessel constriction and leakage were evaluated by intravital microscopy. Tumor response was assessed after treatment. Thromboxane levels were decreased more than 50% with SQ-29548 as compared to controls. Thromboxane levels in animals given R68070 and Flunarizine remained at baseline levels. SQ-29548 and R68070 reduced vessel constriction compared to controls, while Flunarizine totally prevented vessel constriction. R68070 and SQ-29548 inhibited vessel permeability compared to PDT controls; Flunarizine did not. Animals given these inhibitors showed markedly reduced tumor cure. These results indicate that the release of thromboxane is linked to the vascular response in PDT.
A comparison of staging systems for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

BACKGROUND The fifth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual defines new rules for classifying nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The authors tested the value of this new system by applying these rules retrospectively to their previously treated patients and comparing the results with those obtained using the fourth edition of the AJCC staging manual or the Ho staging system. METHODS Information from 107 patients who had biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx that was treated in a constant fashion with definitive-intent radiation therapy alone at one institution provided the data base for this analysis. The extent of disease of each patient was staged according to the rules of 1) the fourth edition of the AJCC staging manual, 2) the Ho staging system, and 3) the fifth edition of the AJCC staging manual. RESULTS The new system appears to be better than the two previous systems. It separated patients into cohorts of more equal size than did either of the other systems. It also correlated with outcome for the study population more appropriately than did the fourth edition of the AJCC staging manual or the Ho staging system. CONCLUSIONS The fifth edition of the AJCC staging manual appears to be an improvement over the previous AJCC or Ho staging systems for the staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer 1998;83:213-219. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
The apoplastic pool of abscisic acid in cotton leaves in relation to stomatal closure.

Suboptimal nitrogen nutrition, leaf aging, and prior exposure to water stress all increased stomatal closure in excised cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves supplied abscisic acid (ABA) through the transpiration stream. The effects of water stress and N stress were partially reversed by simultaneous application of kinetin (N6-furfurylaminopurine) with the ABA, but the effect of leaf aging was not. These enhanced responses to ABA could have resulted either from altered rates of ABA release from symplast to apoplast, or from some “post-release” effect involving ABA transport to, or detection by, the guard cells. Excised leaves were preloaded with [14C]ABA and subjected to overpressures in a pressure chamber to isolate apoplastic solutes in the exudate. Small quantities of 14C were released into the exudate, with the amount increasing greatly with increasing pressure. Over the range of pressures from 1 to 2.5 MPa, ABA in the exudate contained about 70% of the total 14C, and a compound co-chromatographing with phaseic acid contained over half of the remainder. At a low balancing pressure (1 MPa), release of 14C into the exudate was increased by N stress, prior water stress, and leaf aging. Kinetin did not affect 14C release in leaves of any age, N status, or water status. Distribution of ABA between pools can account in part for the effects of water stress, N stress, and leaf age on stomatal behavior, but in the cases of water stress and N stress there are additional kinetinreversible effects, presumably at the guard cells.
On Z-valuations using Zadeh's Z-numbers

We first recall the concept of Z-numbers introduced by Zadeh. These objects consist of an ordered pair (A, B) of fuzzy numbers. We then use these Z-numbers to provide information about an uncertain variable V in the form of a Z-valuation, which expresses the knowledge that the probability that V is A is equal to B. We show that these Z-valuations essentially induce a possibility distribution over probability distributions associated with V. We provide a simple illustration of a Z-valuation. We show how we can use this representation to make decisions and answer questions. We show how to manipulate and combine multiple Z-valuations. We show the relationship between Z-numbers and linguistic summaries. Finally, we provide for a representation of Z-valuations in terms of Dempster–Shafer belief structures, which makes use of type-2 fuzzy sets. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unusual (but precedented) equilibrium between 1,4- and 1,6-Di(2- hydroxyethyl)cyclooctatetraene

Abstract At equilibrium, the apparently sterically more congested 1,6-isomer of di(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclooctatetraene predominates over the 1,4-isomer in aqueous solution. Such behavior has previously been observed for the isomers of di- tert -butylcyclooctatetraene in organic solvent 1 and is likely due to intramolecular van der Waals attraction.
Global electrodynamics from superpressure balloons

Electric field and conductivity measurements in the stratosphere between November 1992 and March 1993 have been made using superpressure balloons in the southern hemisphere. Over 400 payload-days of data have been made during a record setting experiment called ELBBO (Extended Life Balloon Borne Observatories). This experiment resulted in 4 flights aloft simultaneously for over 2 months including one flight which lasted over 4 months. Electrodynamical coupling between the atmosphere and ionosphere is studied using the measured electric fields, and a simple empirical model of the stratospheric conductivity. Altitude profiles of conductivity have been obtained from several superpressure balloon flights using the large end-of-flight altitude swings on the last few days of each flight (as the balloon begins to loose superpressure). Coupling between the fields and atmospheric inertial waves has been observed. Effects and dynamics of the global circuit suggest that standard models are missing significant phenomena. Large scale ionospheric convection activity has been studied from the polar cap to the middle latitudes. Cusp latitude fields have been continuously measured for many days in a row.
RF loading impact on WCDMA jamming

The effect of a mobile jammer on wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) networks is influenced by radio network loading. A model of the WCDMA access control algorithm was developed and used to investigate network performance under jamming and various loading conditions. Jamming effectiveness was found to become less predictable as the load was increased. Increased loading levels were also found to generally increase the range to target at which jamming occurs. The viability of utilizing high-speed, constant bit rate, circuit-switched data calls as surrogates for multiple low-rate voice calls in a test environment was investigated. High-speed, circuit-switched data calls were determined to be a poor surrogate for multiple low-rate voice calls.
Transient TE scattering from a cylinder above an infinite periodic surface using A decomposition method

A cylindrical target above a periodic surface is illuminated by a short-pulse electromagnetic wave to study the effect of multipath on radar measurements of targets above the sea. A decomposition method is outlined for TE scattering from a cylinder above an infinite, periodic surface. The basis of this method is that if a target is close to the sea, the current induced on the sea surface will be nearly identical to that induced by a plane wave without the target present, except within a region of finite extent immediately beneath the target. A set of coupled Electric-Field Integral Equations (EFIEs) for the current induced on the cylinder and the perturbation current (the difference between the current with the target present and with the target absent) on the surface has been derived in which the perturbation current is approximated to zero outside a finite region beneath the cylinder. The EFIEs are solved in the frequency domain using the Method of Moments and transformed into the time domain using the ...
Brainstem tumor presenting with tearing, photophobia, and torticollis

We discuss a posterior fossa tumor in a 15-month-old girl who presented with photophobia, epiphora, and torticollis. Early diagnosis and long-term follow-up were possible in this patient. Although the tumor was not treated, her symptoms improved by 6 years of age.
X-ray diffraction study, magnetic susceptibility, and electric properties of Cu3Fe0.5Se2 crystal

Single crystals of the Cu3Fe0.5Se2 composition have been grown. The orthorhombic lattice parameters are found to be a = 8.169 A, b = 8.238 A, c = 12.052 A, V = 811.15 A3, Dx = 6.23 g/cm3, sp. gr. Pnma, Z = 8. The magnetic susceptibility is measured in the range 100 < T < 400 K at H = 2 T. It is established that a crystal transforms into the antiferromagnetic state below TN = 350 K. The temperature dependences of the electrical conduction (σ), thermal electromotive force (α), and thermal conduction (k) are measured in the range 80 < T < 400 K; the n value was calculated to be 5 × 1019 cm−1.
Noise protection with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) using a variety of noise exposures, NAC doses, and routes of administration.

Conclusion. These studies extend previous work on N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and noise, showing protection with NAC against a high-kurtosis noise, showing protection with NAC at low doses, as well a...
An analysis of developmental timing in Dictyostelium discoideum

Abstract A new method has been developed to assess the minimum complexity and relationships of those pathways (developmental timers) which time the consecutive stages of a developing system ( Soll, 1983 ). This method has been applied to the morphogenetic program of Dictyostelium discoideum and has resulted in (1) a minimum estimate of the number of components comprising the timers for the first seven stages of morphogenesis, (2) a characterization of the temperature sensitivities of these components including demonstration of a reversible timer component, (3) detailed temporal definition of a number of transition points between rate-limiting components including a major branch point for the onset of several independent timer components coincident with the onset of aggregation, and (4) a temporal model for the relationships between the timers of the seven consecutive morphogenetic stages, including several examples of parallel timers.
THE ROLE OF ESTROGEN IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF PROLACTIN PRODUCING CELLS

Summary The capacity to synthesize PRL and GH was studied in normal mice and in Snell and Ames dwarfs. In normal mice GH synthesis turned on dramatically between day 16–17 of gestation whereas PRL was not detectable throughout gestation or the first week of life, was barely detectable in 8-day-old mice and was clearly demonstrable by 12 days of age. However, transplantation of pituitaries from newborn mice into adult female hosts resulted in substantial PRL synthesis. Treatment of mice with DES at various ages showed that neonates failed to respond to the hormone; in older pups, an age-dependent increase in the magnitude of PRL synthesis was observed. There was a direct correlation between nuclear estrogen receptor levels and PRL cell function. Snell and Ames dwarf mice failed to synthesize PRL or GH at any stage of development, nor could we detect immunoreactive peptides which might represent mutant forms of the hormones. Our findings suggest that: (1) GH gene expression precedes that of PRL by about 2 weeks; (2) the development of PRL cell function is dependent on estrogen; (3) the capacity to respond to estrogen is present before the endogenous initiation of PRL synthesis and is limited by the availability of estrogen receptor; and (4) in Snell and Ames mutants, both types of alleles result in failure of the pituitary to initiate PRL and GH synthesis.
Selenium Status of Infants on Nutritional Support

We investigated the selenium status of 5 infants while on nutritional support. After 4 weeks of parenteral nutrition a significant fall in plasma selenium concentrations was observed (mean +/- SD: 0.8 +/- 0.5 micrograms/dl; normal for this age: 3.6 +/- 0.9 micrograms/dl). In 1 infant the decline in selenium value occurred simultaneously with a transient rise in transaminases. A parallel but delayed decrease in red blood cell-glutathione peroxidase activity was seen in 3 patients. After reintroduction of enteral foods, the selenium levels increased progressively to and reached control values after 6 weeks, 4 and 5 months respectively in 3 patients, suggesting that the selenium requirement on TPN was not met. We consider it essential to provide longterm TPN patients with physiological amounts of selenium in order to prevent the progressive development of a deficiency state.
Coinage of the Qajars: a system in continual transition

(2001). Coinage of the Qajars: a system in continual transition. Iranian Studies: Vol. 34, No. 1-4, pp. 51-87.
Correlation Between Lumbo-Ventricular Perfusion and MRI-CSF Flow Studies in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

BACKGROUND After the initial description of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and its clinical triad, there has been a continuous interest from clinicians and researchers to set different diagnostic criteria that would make the selection of candidates for shunt surgery easier and more precise. METHODS A preliminary group of 12 patients was given a diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus by clinical and radiologic criteria. Each patient underwent two different tests: a magnetic resonance imaging-cerebrospinal fluid (MRI-CSF) flow study and a lumbo-ventricular perfusion test. The purpose was to compare the correlation of the results obtained with these tests and the clinical results obtained after CSF diversion. Eleven patients were given shunts and one was managed with lumbar punctures. RESULTS One year after treatment, 10 of the 12 patients had improved with good results. The MRI-CSF flow studies were reliable in six patients; there were five false negatives and one false positive. The lumbo-ventricular perfusion test showed reliability in nine patients; there were two false negatives and one false positive. In only three patients were the results of both of these tests in accordance with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS Even though there are few patients in this study so far, the data suggests that at the present time the most predictive guides for the diagnosis of NPH and its outcome after shunting are the clinical criteria and the radiological findings in computed tomography (CT) and/or MRI rather than lumbo-ventricular perfusion and CSF flow studies.
Construct Space of the Least Preferred Co-Worker (LPC) Scale

An attempt was made to determine the meaning of the least preferred co-worker (LPC) score by means of a confirmatory analysis. The LPC score is considered to be a measure of leader-ship style which...
VITAMIN: Voltage inversion technique to ascertain malicious insertions in ICs

We propose an inverted voltage scheme for exciting and pronouncing the behavior of any undesirable logic that may be inserted in the IC manufactured abroad. The inverted voltage scheme is coupled with a sustained vector simulation technique to further enhance the behavioral difference between the genuine and targeted test IC. Experimental results on a variety of ISCAS'89 benchmarks show that we are able to significantly magnify the difference between the genuine and tampered designs. For most of the smaller benchmarks, our inverted voltage method is able to detect the effect of the tamper directly at the primary outputs of the IC, especially when existing techniques fail to make any observable distinction. For the larger circuits, our technique is able to magnify the power consumption of the tampered circuit by several times.
Identification of a Breast Cancer Associated Regulatory Network

We are developing a new framework for discovery of genes involved in the breast carcinogenesis process. Among families that have a predisposition to breast cancer, approximately 25% have inherited mutations in either breast cancer associated (“BRCA”) genes BRCA1 or BRCA2, but the predisposing mutated genes in the majority of the families are unknown. BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene products both regulate cellular pathways that involve DNA repair and centrosome duplication, and their expression is correlated in microarray analyses in many cell types. We hypothesize that other unidentified BRCA genes may be involved in the same pathways that BRCA1 and BRCA2 regulate, and thus may be discovered by identifying genes whose expression also is correlated with that of BRCA1 and BRCA2. We interrogate public-domain gene expression databases using newly developed computational tools that include combinatorial and algebraic clustering methods to identify genes whose expression correlates with these tumor suppressors. Identified genes are then tested in the laboratory. RNA interference is used to disrupt the expression of the candidate BRCA gene products in two different cell-based assays that are dependent on BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression. The first assay models the regulation of homology-directed recombination repair of double-strand DNA breaks, and the second assay tests the control of duplication of the centrosome. We have selected nine genes that tightly cluster with BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression in multiple datasets, and these nine genes have never before been linked with the two reference genes. When tested in the lab using RNA interference to deplete the specific protein, six of these genes were found to affect homologous recombination and four affected the regulation of centrosome number. If the informatics analysis is considered a screening tool to find genes/proteins involved in breast carcinogenesis, then this approach has an extremely high success rate in finding proteins that impact phenotypes regulated by BRCA1 and BRCA2. In summary, we employ a novel experimental framework that develops new bioinformatic tools for identifying candidate genes whose regulation suggests the potential for involvement in breast carcinogenesis, and we validate the gene in the lab. This experimental framework may also be applicable to the identification of networks of genes involved in common pathways in other disease processes.
Reducing Acute Adverse Outcomes in Youths With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Objective. Both acute and chronic complications of diabetes account for a disproportionate percentage of US health care expenditures. Despite improvements in diabetes care, the incidence of adverse events in children with type 1 diabetes remains high, particularly for youths with poor glycemic control. Cost-effective intervention programs designed to reduce complications are needed. This study evaluated a low-intensity, nonmedical intervention using a case manager (called a “Care Ambassador”), with and without the supplementation of psychoeducational modules, designed to monitor and encourage routine diabetes care visits to reduce short-term adverse outcomes and improve glycemic control in youths with type 1 diabetes. Methods. We performed a 2-year prospective, randomized clinical trial in 299 youths with type 1 diabetes, aged 7 to 16 years, comparing 3 treatment programs (Care Ambassador [CA], Care Ambassador plus psychoeducational modules [CA+], and standard multidisciplinary diabetes care [SC]). The study was conducted in a large metropolitan US city from April 1997 through April 2000. Number of medical visits, frequency of hypoglycemic events, hospital/emergency department (ED) utilization, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were assessed during follow-up. Results. During the 2-year study period, both the CA and CA+ groups had significantly more routine visits (mean [standard deviation]: 7.3 [2.06] and 7.5 [2.02], respectively) compared with the SC group (5.4 [2.62]). The CA+ intervention group had significantly reduced rates of short-term adverse outcomes compared with the other 2 groups; 25% fewer total hypoglycemic events, 60% fewer severe hypoglycemic events, and 40% fewer hospitalizations and ED visits. “High-risk” youths in the CA+ group (baseline glycosylated hemoglobin A1c ≥8.7%) were 3.4-fold (1.57–7.41) more likely to improve their glycemic control compared with those at high risk in the other 2 groups. Conclusions. For youths with type 1 diabetes, the CA and CA+ interventions increased visit frequency. Youths in the CA+ intervention had reduced rates of hypoglycemia and hospital/ED utilization with estimated annual cost savings of $80 000 to $90 000. The CA+ intervention compared with the other 2 groups improved glycemic control in “high-risk” youths. Nonmedical case management incorporating psychoeducational modules seems to be a cost-effective approach to improving outcomes in youths with diabetes.
Poker Player Behavior After Big Wins and Big Losses

We find that experienced poker players typically change their style of play after winning or losing a big pot---most notably, playing less cautiously after a big loss, evidently hoping for lucky cards that will erase their loss. This finding is consistent with Kahneman and Tversky's (Kahneman, D., A. Tversky. 1979. Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica47(2) 263--292) break-even hypothesis and suggests that when investors incur a large loss, it might be time to take a vacation or be monitored closely.
MATE ATTENTIVENESS, SEASONAL TIMING OF BREEDING AND LONG-TERM PAIR BONDING IN THE HOUSE FINCH (CARPODACUS MEXICANUS)

Summary In seasonally breeding birds, natural selection favors individuals that begin breeding earlier in a year because they produce more or higher quality offspring than those that begin breeding later. Among the factors that ine uence the timing of breeding, which include the age, health, competitive ability, or mate quality of individuals, is the longevity of the pair bond, with birds that remain mated across years initiating breeding earlier in the season than newly formed pairs. The behavioural interactions between pair members that may facilitate long-term pair bonding and early breeding onset have infrequently been studied, however. Here we report the relationship between male-female afe liative behaviour, pair-bond duration, and breeding date in house e nches ( Carpodacus mexicanus ), a short-lived, socially monogamous passerine species in which the duration of pair bonds is highly variable within and among seasons. Finches that initiated breeding earliest in the season were those that had bred with one another in previous years. Early breeding males from returning pairs maintained signie cantly closer contact with their mate during the e rst egg-laying period of the year than did males from late-breeding, newly formed pairs. Similarly, early-breeding females from returning pairs followed their mate more closely in nest-vicinity e ights during the fertile period than
1 H NMR spectral simplification with Achiral and Chiral Lanthanide shift reagents. Part III: vinclozolin

The 60 MHz 1H NMR spectra of racemic vinclozolin, 1, have been studied at 28° in CDCl3 solution with the achiral reagent tris(6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionato)europium(III), 2, and the chiral reagents tris[3-(trifluoromethylhydroxymethylene)-d-camphorato] europium(III), 3, and tris[3-(heptafluoropropylhydroxymethylene)-d-camphorato]europium(III), 4. Reagent 3 produced only small lanthanide-induced shifts and no observable enantiomeric shift differences, ΔΔδ, with 3:1 molar ratios as high as 1.40. In contrast, chiral reagent 4 produced substantial ΔΔδ for the proton, Hβ, at C-2 of the ethenyl group syn to the oxazolidinedione ring and smaller ΔΔδ for the anti proton, Hβ' at the above carbon and for the CH3. With a 4:1 molar ratio of 0.581, ΔΔδ of 7.0 Hz was seen for Hβ. A 4:1 ratio of about 0.41 should be optimum for optical purity determinations; as little as 5% of the minor enantiomer should be detectable.
School-based family socialization and reading achievement in the inner city.

Reading comprehension test scores of 826 black, inner-city children in 41 classes, grades one through six, were regressed on scores on comparable tests taken one year earlier, on several other control variables, and on the amount of exposure to a program intended to help parents create conditions in the home to stimulate academic achievement. Two variables (prior reading-comprehension scores and program intensity), accounted for nearly all the reliable variance in the posttest scores in analyses carried out with individuals and class medians as the units. Students and classroom groups intensively exposed to the program gained .5 to .6 grade equivalents more than those less intensively exposed during the year.
Preoperative left ventricular wall stress, ejection fraction, and aortic valve gradient as prognostic indicators in aortic valve stenosis.

Patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction may dramatically improve after aortic valve replacement, but operative risk is high. In an earlier study, all patients with low preoperative wall stress and low ejection fraction, or with low aortic valve gradient, died or had persistent heart failure after operation. Because wall stress is difficult to calculate, we reassessed its effect and the effect of other preoperative characteristics on outcome in 66 consecutive catheterization patients with predominant aortic stenosis referred for valve replacement. Despite ejection fraction that was inordinately low compared with afterloading wall stress in nine patients, seven patients improved with surgery. All three patients with ejection fraction less than 20% improved after surgery. Two of three patients with mean aortic valve gradients of less than 30 mm Hg improved. Mortality was 33% in patients with mean gradient less than 30 mm Hg and 19% with mean gradient less than 50 mm Hg. In the 54 patients with calculated aortic valve areas of less than or equal to 0.8 cm2, 1 (2%) had continuing heart failure, while 6 of 12 (50%, P less than .01) patients with aortic valve areas of 0.9-1.2 cm2 had continued symptoms of or died of heart failure. Patients who died or failed to improve after operation were older (71 +/- 9 years) than those who improved (65 +/- 9 years, P = .02). We conclude that wall stress calculations do not predict which patients with aortic stenosis will benefit from aortic valve replacement and that poor left ventricular function and low mean aortic valve gradient do not absolutely preclude operation. On the other hand, low gradient, non-critical valve area, and advanced age are all relative contraindications to aortic valve replacement in aortic stenosis.
Sociomaterial Practices: Exploring Technology at Work

In this essay, I begin with the premise that everyday organizing is inextricably bound up with materiality and contend that this relationship is inadequately reflected in organizational studies that tend to ignore it, take it for granted, or treat it as a special case. The result is an understanding of organizing and its conditions and consequences that is necessarily limited. I then argue for an alternative approach, one that posits the constitutive entanglement of the social and the material in everyday life. I draw on some empirical examples to help ground and illustrate this approach in practice and conclude by suggesting that a reconfiguration of our conventional assumptions and considerations of materiality will help us more effectively recognize and understand the multiple, emergent, and shifting sociomaterial assemblages entailed in contemporary organizing.
Injury to the Developing Cerebellum: Mechanisms and Consequences

Advances in neuroimaging techniques for the in vivo study of brain development have expanded the understanding of normal and abnormal cerebellar development in the high-risk fetus and newborn. This, in turn, has provided new insights into the spectrum of structural and functional consequences of injury to the developing cerebellum. Specifically, hemorrhagic cerebellar lesions in preterm infants are associated with significant impairment of subsequent cerebellar growth as well as impaired growth of the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. Furthermore, preterm extrauterine life appears to inhibit cerebellar growth, even in the absence of obvious primary injury. Recent long-term outcome studies in preterm infants who had cerebellar injury suggest a distinct profile of pervasive neurodevelopmental deficits, with a high prevalence of cognitive-behavioral dysfunction. The structure-function relationships between early cerebellar injury and long-term outcome are a fertile area for future research.
Remote measurement of coastal marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) features

Coastal region marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) properties derived from satellite data are compared with coastal in situ measured conditions. A multispectral approach using visible and IR data is being tested to indirectly estimate important variables such as depth of the MABL. In situ and ground-based remote data were obtained from ship mounted systems and from shoreline stations. In examined cases, remotely sensed information yields reasonable assessments of the height of the top of the boundary layer as well as of conditions immediately above the surface. Remote data describe high resolution horizontal/temporal variations, important in the coastal but not described by point measured in situ data.
Energy: an integrated and nontraditional approach

The purpose of this paper is to describe a new energy survey course for technical students. The course presents an integrated overview of energy sources that will be available for use in the 21st century. A secondary objective of the energy course is to present the content of the National Academy of Sciences content standards. The course presumes knowledge of college level physics with calculus, and mathematics through calculus of several variables. This level of preparation is not traditional for energy survey courses, but enables a more sophisticated treatment of a wide range of topics that is suitable for technical students.
"Social Learning, Parental Influence, and Public Service Orientations in Undergraduate Students"

While there is a large body of literature examining the effect public service motivation (PSM) has on both an individual’s career and volunteering decisions, the effects of social learning and pare...