cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring quality of life in the mentally ill

It has been our experience that it is easier to measure quality of life among persons with serious mental illness than it is to intervene to improve it. This article presents background and historical context of service delivery to persons with severe mental illness. We then examine approaches to assessing outcomes of services, especially quality of life. We conclude with an illustration and discussion of dilemmas in measuring quality of life in this vulnerable population.
Non anthrax bacillus species meningo-encephalitis with diabetes insipidus in a preterm infant

Bacillus cereus, a Gram-positive, aerobic spore forming rod, is ubiquitous. Isolation ofBacillus cereus from a normally sterile site (i.e. blood or cerebrospinal fluid) is often disregarded by clinicians as a specimen contamination. We report a case of a 32-week small for gestational age twin preterm infant, of 839 grams birth weight, with non-anthrax bacillus species meningitis. There have been very few reports of meningitis and brain abscesses with these bacteria in low risk preterm infants. Our case was unusual with the development of central diabetes insipidus following bacillus meningoencephalitis and brain abscess. It draws attention to the severe morbidity caused by a relatively benign and usually ignored organism.
States of being: public selves and national privacies in queer Muslim autobiographies in South Africa

In this essay, I consider apartheid’s racialised exclusions as well as the gendered and sexualised silences in certain forms of national belonging articulated by the anti-apartheid struggle and the post-apartheid nation. In particular, I theorise the role of autobiography about sexuality and religion in countering the regulation of political belonging in contemporary South Africa. I argue that life narratives can engage in a complex and dissident relationship to public discourses on national belonging. Black South Africans have produced an impressive record of autobiographical writing since the 19th century, generating an intricate local history of private life. In this trajectory, I explore what Muslim self-writing can contribute to South African conceptions of the private by analysing the collection of autobiographical essays published in Hijab: Unveiling Queer Muslim Lives. I argue that the forms of self-making in these narratives illustrate some of the social uses to which a confl uence of religion, sexuality and national identity is being put in contemporary South Africa. I suggest that the intersection of religion and sexuality forms a complex engagement with questions of cultural authenticity and national belonging, potentially unsettling conventional exclusions and generating new forms of identity and affi liation.
Intra-Institutional Factors That Influence Accounting Research Productivity

This paper examines actionable factors that influence research output of accounting faculty. Using a regression model, we investigate how internally controllable factors influence both the quantity and quality of research productivity. We document and quantify how reduced teaching loads, greater research support, longer probationary periods, and proper allocations of time by faculty consistently lead to significantly increased research output. Depending on the research output metric examined, we also find that fewer teaching preparations, more outside consulting and mentor relationships result in higher output. Our results update and complement the past survey and empirical findings of Cargile and Bublitz (1986), Chow and Harrison (1998) and Fogarty and Ruhl (1997).
Self-Injurious Behavior

Defining self-injurious behavior (SIB) presents some difficulties. It has been broadly defined as behavior that produces injury to the individual’s own body (Tate & Baroff, 1966a), and thus could be seen as including suicide, self-neglect, substance abuse, malingering, and so forth—all terms that infer some intent on the part of the client. The research literature on modification of SIB, however, has settled on a narrower definition: overt acts directed toward oneself that have restricted spatial and temporal topographies, whose rate of occurrence is reliably observable, and whose consequences are actual or threatened physical damage. Even this definition is not satisfactory, though. S. R. Schroeder, Mulick, and Rojahn (1980) have pointed out that it suffers from three flaws: (1) the consequences specified by the term do not pertain functionally to the reinforcing stimuli responsible for maintaining the behaviors; (2) researchers disagree about the membership of various topographies in the response class of SIB; and (3) no single intervention strategy is indicated for the particular “class” of SIB as opposed to other behaviors.
Complications of anesthesia for children with malignant infantile osteopetrosis before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Summary Objectives and aims: The primary aim was to determine the frequency of anesthetic-related complications for patients with malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP) before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The secondary aims were to describe the types of complications that occurred, to determine whether the risk of anesthetic complications was altered by HSCT, and to determine the frequency of difficult intubation. Background: Patients with MIOP undergo HSCT, often in infancy, and anesthesia is frequently required for investigations and procedures associated with transplantation. Although MIOP has adverse implications for anesthetic management, the literature describing the anesthetic management of MIOP patients is limited. Methods: A retrospective review of medical and anesthetic records was undertaken between November 2000 and March 2008. Results: Eleven patients underwent 127 anesthetics. The overall complication rate was 11%. Before HSCT, there were 12 complications in 62 anesthetics (19.3%). After HSCT, there were two complications in 65 anesthetics (3.2%). This difference was not statistically significant. All of the complications were airway or respiratory events. Of the 26 intubations associated with anesthesia, 23 (88.5%) were easy, 1 (3.8%) was moderately difficult, and 2 (7.7%) were difficult. Conclusion: Complications associated with anesthesia for infants and children with MIOP having HSCT are fairly common and are usually airway or respiratory related. Difficult endotracheal intubation is also common.
Detection, classification, and mapping of U.S. traffic signs using google street view images for roadway inventory management

Maintaining an up-to-date record of the number, type, location, and condition of high-quantity low-cost roadway assets such as traffic signs is critical to transportation inventory management systems. While, databases such as Google Street View contain street-level images of all traffic signs and are updated regularly, their potential for creating an inventory databases has not been fully explored. The key benefit of such databases is that once traffic signs are detected, their geographic coordinates can also be derived and visualized within the same platform. By leveraging Google Street View images, this paper presents a new system for creating inventories of traffic signs. Using computer vision method, traffic signs are detected and classified into four categories of regulatory, warning, stop, and yield signs by processing images extracted from Google Street View API. Considering the discriminative classification scores from all images that see a sign, the most probable location of each traffic sign is derived and shown on the Google Maps using a dynamic heat map. A data card containing information about location and type of each detected traffic sign is also created. Finally, several data mining interfaces are introduced that allow for better management of the traffic sign inventories. The experiments conducted on 6.2 miles of I-57 and I-74 interstate highways in the U.S. –with an average accuracy of 94.63 % for sign classification– show the potential of the method to provide quick, inexpensive, and automatic access to asset inventory information. Given the reliability in performance shown through experiments and because collecting information from Google Street View imagery is cost-effective, the proposed method has potential to deliver inventory information on traffic signs in a timely fashion and tie into the existing DOT inventory management systems. Such spatio-temporal representations provide DOTs with information on how different types of traffic signs degrade over time and further provides useful condition information necessary for predicting sign replacement plan.
Improving brain?machine interface performance by decoding intended future movements

Objective. A brain–machine interface (BMI) records neural signals in real time from a subject's brain, interprets them as motor commands, and reroutes them to a device such as a robotic arm, so as to restore lost motor function. Our objective here is to improve BMI performance by minimizing the deleterious effects of delay in the BMI control loop. We mitigate the effects of delay by decoding the subject's intended movements a short time lead in the future. Approach. We use the decoded, intended future movements of the subject as the control signal that drives the movement of our BMI. This should allow the user's intended trajectory to be implemented more quickly by the BMI, reducing the amount of delay in the system. In our experiment, a monkey (Macaca mulatta) uses a future prediction BMI to control a simulated arm to hit targets on a screen. Main Results. Results from experiments with BMIs possessing different system delays (100, 200 and 300 ms) show that the monkey can make significantly straighter, faster and smoother movements when the decoder predicts the user's future intent. We also characterize how BMI performance changes as a function of delay, and explore offline how the accuracy of future prediction decoders varies at different time leads. Significance. This study is the first to characterize the effects of control delays in a BMI and to show that decoding the user's future intent can compensate for the negative effect of control delay on BMI performance.
Multi-Period Landscape Survey and Site Risk Assessment on Montserrat, West Indies

ABSTRACT Following a series of devastating and ongoing volcanic eruptions, the archaeological record of Montserrat (West Indies) has been exposed to the dual threats of destructive pyroclastic volcanism, and the construction of new infrastructure and settlements to accommodate those displaced as a result. Yet, with the exception of contributions from a handful of site-based research projects, the scope of prehistoric and historical archaeology of Montserrat remains poorly understood overall, in contrast to many of the other Leeward Islands. In 2010 the Survey and Landscape Archaeology on Montserrat project (SLAM) was established to create an inventory and accompanying risk assessment of archaeological sites and features in the island's non-exclusion zone, an essential resource for Montserrat's preservation officials. This is the initial step in an ongoing research program that also provides the basis for a diachronic and integrated temporal approach to archaeological studies of population movements and di...
Resonance and the Aging Spring

The steady-state response of the classic mass-spring-dashpot model when the spring stiffness decays exponentially with time (an aging spring) and the system is excited by a forcing function whose frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the system with the constant initial stiffness is investigated. The steady-state response is obtained in terms of the dumping and decay constants of the system and exhibits an oscillation about a nonzero value. ©2002 ASME
A prospective study of selenium status and breast cancer risk

Low dietary intake of selenium has been proposed as a risk factor for breast cancer. To address this hypothesis, we collected toenail clippings from 62 641 women in the Nurses' Health Study cohort who were free from cancer (other than nonmelanoma skin cancer) in 1982 and 1983. The selenium concentration in nails has been shown to reflect dietary intake of selenium. During 53 months of follow-up, 434 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed among women who had submitted a set of toenail clippings, and we matched one control free from breast and other cancers to each case. The mean selenium level in toenails in the cases (0.823 μg/g; SD, 0.197) was almost identical to that of the controls (0.821 μg/g; SD, 0.174). After controlling for known breast cancer risk factors, the relative risk for women in the highest quintile of selenium as compared with the lowest quintile was 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.70 to 1.72) and there was no trend across quintiles. Results were similar for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Although these data do not exclude a possible influence of selenium intake before adulthood on subsequent risk of breast cancer, selenium intake later in life is not likely to be an important factor in the etiology of breast cancer. (JAMA. 1990;264:1128-1131)
Self-determination in political philosophy and international law

While nationalism is in origin a European idea, it has spread far beyond the boundaries of Europe in the last century to become a prevalent ideology in all major regions of the world. One indication that this is the case is the increasing extent to which self-determination has become an important problem for the theory and practice of international law. It is the case, however, that selfdetermination has a quite different meaning in international law than it has in contemporary political philosophy. International law posits a principle of Popular Self-Determination (PSD) that applies to cases in which populations of already existing countries lack selfgovernment. In contrast, a number of contemporary political philosophers assert a right of National Self-Determination (NSD) that applies to nationalities without their own independent states. I argue here that the principle of PSD found in international law is philosophically more warranted than the right of NSD claimed by nationalists and current in political philosophy. Self-determination as a political concept dates from the early years of this century, but its origins lie in eighteenthand nineteenth-century philosophy. The idea of self-determination originated as a notion of the freedom of individuals to determine the conditions of their own life. Its later expansion to include the selfdetermination of communities as well as individuals has been characterised as a shift of concern from ‘personhood’ to ‘peoplehood’.’ The political principle of self-determination was first proclaimed by Lenin and Wilson in the aftermath of World War I. Despite the failure of the League of Nations or international jurists to acknowledge this principle in the 1920s and 3Os, such proclamations inaugurated the modern advocacy of self-determination. Some measure of recognition was achieved after World War II by references to self-determination in the United Nations Charter and by the adoption of UN Resolutions 1514 and 2625 in 1960 and 1970. Despite controversy as to whether such documents constitute legitimate sources of international law, they do indicate the growing customary acceptance of some principle of selfdetermination.2 This principle has also been acknowledged in a number of state constitutions and treaties, interstate organisational charters and declarations, and decisions by the World Court. What has been recognised in most of these documents is the right or at least claim of ‘peoples’ to self-determination. Peoples are here understood to be the inhabitants of countries-which may be and usually are
Toughening of phase-homogenized mixtures of nylon-6 and poly(m-xylene adipamide) with a functionalized block copolymer

Abstract Mixtures of nylon-6 and poly( m -xylene adipamide) (MXD6) undergo sufficient interchange reactions when melt blended at 290°C to give a homogeneous melt phase and a material with a single T g . However, the extent of reaction is sufficiently low that the product retains a high level of ability to crystallize. These phase-homogenized mixtures become supertough when blended with a maleic anhydride (MA) grafted elastomeric styrene-(ethylene/butene)-styrene (SEBS) triblock copolymer, i.e. SEBS- g -MA. Pure nylon-6, pure MXD6, or mixtures of the two prepared under low-temperature extrusion conditions (260°C) that do not lead to phase homogenization are not similarly supertoughened by blending with SEBS- g -MA. The reasons appear to relate to differences in elastomer particle morphology and inherent ductility for the various matrices. SEBS- g MA blends with nylon-6 are not supertough because the rubber particles are too small. Addition of MXD6 causes the particles to become larger and of optimum size for toughening, but it is postulated that MXD6 is difficult to toughen because of low inherent ductility. The polyamide mixtures that were not phase homogenized are also inherently incompatible. The differences in rubber particle geometry are explained in terms of the functionality of the two polyamides towards reactions with anhydride groups.
Ultrasound-modulated fluorescence based on fluorescent microbubbles.

Ultrasound-modulated fluorescence (UMF) imaging has been proposed to provide fluorescent contrast while maintaining ultrasound resolution in an optical-scattering medium (such as biological tissue). The major challenge is to extract the weakly modulated fluorescent signal from a bright and unmodulated background. UMF was experimentally demonstrated based on fluorophore-labeled microbubble contrast agents. These contrast agents were produced by conjugating N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-ester-attached fluorophores on the surface of amine-functionalized microbubbles. The fluorophore surface concentration was controlled so that a significant self-quenching effect occurred when no ultrasound was applied. The intensity of the fluorescent emission was modulated when microbubbles were oscillated by ultrasound pulses, presented as UMF signal. Our results demonstrated that the UMF signals were highly dependent on the microbubbles’ oscillation amplitude and the initial surface fluorophore-quenching status. A maximum of ∼42% UMF modulation depth was achieved with a single microbubble under an ultrasound peak-to-peak pressure of 675 kPa. Further, UMF was detected from a 500-μm tube filled with contrast agents in water and scattering media with ultrasound resolution. These results indicate that ultrasound-modulated fluorescent microbubble contrast agents can potentially be used for fluorescence-based molecular imaging with ultrasound resolution in the future.
Selection Rules for Multiple Quantum NMR Excitation in Solids: Derivation from Time-Reversal Symmetry and Comparison with Simulations and 13C NMR Experiments

Abstract New derivations of selection rules for excitation and detection of multiple quantum coherences in coupled spin-1/2 systems are presented. The selection rules apply to experiments in which the effective coupling Hamiltonian used for multiple quantum excitation is both time-reversal invariant and time-reversible by a phase shift of the radiofrequency pulse sequence that generates the effective couplings. The selection rules are shown to be consequences of time-reversal invariance and time-reversibility and otherwise independent of the specific form of the effective coupling Hamiltonian. Numerical simulations of multiple quantum NMR signal amplitudes and experimental multiple quantum excitation spectra are presented for the case of a multiply 13C-labeled helical polypeptide. The simulations and experiments confirm the selection rules and demonstrate their impact on multiple quantum 13C NMR spectra in this biochemically relevant case.
Hemoglobin Hasharon in a Premature Infant with Hemolytic Anemia

Extract: A premature infant with jaundice was found to have a compensated hemolytic process as evidenced by mild hyperbilirubinemia, a regenerative anemia, and persistence for several months of reticulocytosis, polychromatophilia, and stippled macrocytes. There was no blood loss. When hemoglobins from this family were electrophoresed, the propositus and her mother were found to be heterozygous for an abnormal hemoglobin. The variant hemoglobin, which was 20% of the mother's hemoglobin, had the electrophoretic mobility of hemoglobin S; however, sickle preparations were negative at 24 hr and, in contrast to hemoglobin S, the hemoglobin was soluble in 2.58 M phosphate buffer. The mother's pattern also revealed a faint band running behind A2 and very close to the origin. The distance between this variant and A2 was about the same as the distance between the major variant and A. Such a pattern suggested that the hemoglobin mutation was in the α chain. Examination of the infant's electrophoretic pattern revealed a third variant hemoglobin whose distance from fetal hemoglobin was the same as the distances of the variants in the mother's pattern, which indicated that an abnormal fetal hemoglobin was present. By 7 months of age the infant's electrophoretic pattern was identical with that of her mother and the variant hemoglobin accounted for about 20% of the total. Since the propositus was a premature infant, structural studies were carried out on the adult variant which was isolated chromatographically from the mother's blood. Analysis of the tryptic peptide chromatogram of the α chain revealed that peptide T-6 was absent; a new peptide was isolated at a lower position on the chromatogram. The amino acid composition of this peptide revealed that the aspartic acid at position 47 was replaced by histidine. Therefore, the mutant hemoglobin was hemoglobin Hasharon (α-47 (CD5) aspartic acid → histidine). Chromatographically prepared hemoglobin F was hybridized with a similar preparation of the adult hemoglobin Hasharon. After electrophoresis, we found bands corresponding to hemoglobin A and to the fetal hemoglobin Hasharon, as well as the original hemoglobin F and adult hemoglobin Hasharon. There were also two bands which migrated anodal to hemoglobin A which might have been hemoglobin H and hemoglobin Bart's, representing tetramers of the normal β and γ chains. These tetramers may have formed because of the relative instability of the mutant α chains. Speculation: The marked hemolytic process in this premature infant was dependent on the presence of the fetal form of hemoglobin Hasharon in fetal erythrocytes. Hemolysis resolved as these cells were replaced by adult-type erythrocytes which contained the adult form of hemoglobin Hasharon.
Heterosocial anxiety in college females. A biased interactions treatment.

A behavioral exposure procedure based on Bem's (1972) self-perception theory using prearranged purposefully biased social interactions with members of the opposite sex was employed to treat heterosocial anxiety in college females. Additionally, subjects received either a positive or negative expectancy for treatment outcome. Results for 20 heterosocially anxious females indicated the biased interaction exposure technique was unaffected by expectancy and caused significant changes in subject's perceived levels of heterosocial anxiety. Improvement also occurred on a self-report (state anxiety) measure and two behavioral (interpersonal distance and conversational silence) measures taken while subjects were in the presence of a male confederate. These results suggested the biased exposure treatment-where the focus was on the observation of one's own successful performance in an area where difficulty is normally encountered-was effective for reducing anxiety in college females. Results are discussed in terms o...
Topographic effects apparent in nocturnal temperature profiles in a conifer canopy

Abstract Vertical profiles of air temperature were measured through the canopy at a location on a forested mountain slope for two summer nights with light or no cloud cover, together with associated nocturnal sky radiation and windspeed. The temperature profiles show a local maximum well within the canopy. The behavior of this maximum on one of the nights with alternate cooling and warming on the slope indicates that it is due to subsidence heating caused by topographically induced divergence of the density flow in the canopy. The position and magnitude of the maximum are in approximate agreement with the estimated distribution of net radiation loss in the canopy and the measured windspeed.
The balance between influenza- and RSV-specific CD4 T cells secreting IL-10 or IFNγ in young and healthy-elderly subjects

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus cause severe disease in elderly patients. The balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be critical in determining disease pathogenesis and outcome of infection. The frequencies of CD4 IL-10 (anti-inflammatory)- and CD4 and CD8 IFNgamma (pro-inflammatory)-secreting memory T cells specific for either RSV or influenza were not significantly different between young and elderly groups, although the ratio of IL-10/IFNgamma was significantly reduced in the elderly RSV response. A similar trend was seen for influenza. IFNgamma-secreting CD4 T cells contributed significantly more to anti-RSV than anti-influenza responses in both groups.
Stress, genomes, and evolution

Evolutionary change, whether in populations of organisms or malignant tumor cells, is contingent on the availability of inherited variation for natural selection to act upon. It is becoming clear that the Hsp90 chaperone, which normally functions to buffer client proteins against the effects of genetic variation, plays a central role in this process. Severe environmental stress can overwhelm the chaperone's buffering capacity, causing previously cryptic genetic variation to be expressed. Recent studies now indicate that in addition to exposing existing variation, Hsp90 can induce novel epigenetic and genetic changes. We discuss key findings that suggest a rich set of pathways by which Hsp90 can mediate the influences of the environment on the genome.
Effects of Temperature and Time of Sterilization upon Properties of Evaporated Milk

Summary Highly heat stable high-temperature-short-time sterilized evaporated milks of 26 per cent solids content resembled the unsterilized product in color, were only mildly cooked in flavor, and were of light body (low viscosity). When stored at 30° C. they were of fairly satisfactory quality for only approximately 4 months. Brief heating in cans at 115° C. increased the storage life of these high-short sterilized milks. After 18 minutes at this temperature they were as stable in storage as evaporated milk made by forewarming the whole milk at 95° C. for 10 minutes and sterilizing its 26 per cent solids concentrate at 115° C. for 18 minutes. In the manufacture of evaporated milk, sterilization at 115° C. for 18 minutes not only destroys the contained microorganisms and affords an opportunity to control the body but it also decreases the firmness of the cream layer which forms during storage and increases the ease with which the fat in this cream layer may be redistributed in the product. Long continuing fluidity and high heat stability in evaporated milk are not correlated. Long continuing fluidity is rather due to changes caused by heat which are associated with a darker color and a more cooked flavor. The solution of problems associated with instability of the product on long storage must precede the commercial application of high-short sterilization in the manufacture of evaporated milk.
Experiments in segmentation using a facet model region grower

Abstract A region growing scheme based upon the facet model (R. M. Haralick, Computer Graphics Image Processing 12, 1980, 60–73; R. M. Haralick and L. T. Watson Computer Graphics Image Processing 15, 1981, 113–129) is presented. The process begins with an initial segmentation which preserves much of the detailed resolution of the original image. Next a region property list and a region adhacency graph corresponding to the segmented image are constructed. Global information is then used to merge atomic regions. The region growing algorithm is based upon extensions of the facet model, but it is a higher-level algorithm which treats regions as primitive elements. The basic algorithm and several variations are described, including a version that uses a threshold on the amount a property vector is allowed to change to control the region growing process. The convergence of this thresholded facet iteration is also proved. Finally, the results of comparative experiments are presented.
Control of a PWM Voltage-Source Inverter in the Pulse-Dropping Region to Reduce Reflected-Wave Motor Overvoltage

Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) ac drives generate high line-line motor voltage, up to twice dc bus voltage, due to the reflected-wave phenomenon. Under certain conditions, motor voltage greater than twice the dc bus voltage can occur, resulting in winding insulation failure. It is well known that by suitably adjusting the PWM pulse pattern, the occurrence of voltages greater than twice the dc bus voltage can be avoided, up to a certain maximum cable length; beyond which, output filters are typically used to limit peak motor voltage. It will be shown in this paper that when the inverter operates in the pulse dropping region, voltages greater than twice the dc bus voltage will occur, with existing methods for pulse pattern compensation. A method to adjust the PWM pulse pattern in the pulse dropping region to ensure the same reflected-wave performance as the linear PWM region is presented in this paper. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Entrainment and impingement studies at two power plants on the Wabash River in Indiana

Abstract Fish entrainment and impingement studies were conducted at Cayuga and Wabash River generating Stations in 1987 and 1988, respectively. Concurrent river samplings were conducted upstream from the stations to assess adult fish and ichthyoplankton populations. The original 316(b) studies at these stations were conducted in 1976–1977 and concluded that the stations were having minimal adverse impact on the Wabash River fish community. The state regulatory agency did not agree with this interpretation and requested the subsequent 1987 and 1988 studies. The major issue at these once-through cooling power plants was the large water withdrawals at Cayuga and Wabash River Stations [1318 and 1096 cubic feet per second (cfs) maximum plant flows, respectively], in contrast to the relatively low average annual Wabash River flows (10,070 and 11,110 cfs, respectively). The close proximity of the stations (35 river miles apart) together with the high percentage of water withdrawn suggest that the potential risk of unacceptable impacts is high. The six-month impingement estimates for Cayuga and Wabash River Stations were 15,086 and 11,401 fish, respectively. Impingement catches at both stations were dominated by young-of-the-year (YOY) channel catfish and gizzard shad. In addition, small minnows (primarily bullhead minnow and emerald shiners) were commonly impinged at Cayuga Station. Minnows (predominantly spotfin shiner, bullhead minnow and emerald shiner) were also the dominant species in the river samplings upstream from the stations. In the entrainment samplings, an estimated 26,920,382 and 107,503,876 fish eggs and larvae were entrained each year at Cayuga and Wabash River Stations, respectively. Ictiobinae (buffaloes and carpsuckers) and Cyprinidae (minnows and shiners) were the dominant ichthyoplankton in the river. Approximately 3.5 and 23% of the total river ichthyoplankton were entrained at Cayuga and Wabash River Stations, respectively. Gizzard shad at Cayuga Station, and Ictiobinae and Cyprinidae at Wabash River Station (WRS) were the dominant taxa entrained by the stations. Unusually low river flows during the spring and summer of 1987 and 1988 provided worst-case conditions for entrainment and impingement at the stations. However, the relatively low impingement and entrainment numbers during these worst-case conditions indicated that these stations were not adversely affecting the Wabash River fish community.
Influence of salinity and temperature on acute toxicity of cadmium to Mysidopsis bahia molenock.

Acute toxicity tests were conducted to compare estimates of toxicity, as modified by salinity and temperature, based on response surface techniques with those derived using conventional test methods, and to compare effect of a single episodic exposure to cadmium as a function of salinity with that of continuous exposure.
On the Modulation and Energy Spectrum of Highly Charged Cosmic Ray Nuclei.

The intensity and energy spectrum of cosmic ray VH-nuclei (20≤Z≤30) has been measured in a stack of nuclear emulsions exposed over Fort Churchill in 1968. The integral intensity above 300 MeV/nucleon was 1.04±0.04 nuclei m−2 sr−1 s−1 and three differential intensities were measured below 750 MeV/nucleon. Because of the current controversy regarding the true intensities of helium nuclei at this phase of the solar cycle we have also measured these nuclei, obtaining results intermediate between those quoted by other workers. Comparison of these results on the VH-and helium nuclei with those obtained in previous observations made at times of low solar modulation leads to the conclusion that there is no significant charge dependence in the modulation process. This conclusion is in conflict with an earlier analysis but depends on results of improved statistical weight and greater reliability for the VH nuclei and on our measurement of the helium nuclei in the same detector.
Diffusion of Nitrous Oxide, Cyclopropane, and Halothane through Human Skin and Amniotic Membrane

Rates of diffusion of nitrous oxide, cyclopropane, and halothane through isolated sheets of human skin were determined. For each per cent concentration, the diffusion rate of nitrous oxide (0.122 ml/min/m2) was five times that of cyclopropane (0.023 ml/min/m2) or halothane (0.028 ml/min/m2). These d
Colleagues in conflict: An ‘in vivo’ analysis of the sociobiology controversy

Edward O. Wilson's forays into human sociobiology have been the target of persistent, vehement attack by his Harvard colleague in evolutionary biology, Richard C. Lewontin. Through examination of existing “documents in the case”, together with in-depth personal interviews of Wilson, Lewontin, and other biologists, the reasons for Wilson's stance and Lewontin's criticisms are uncovered. It is argued that the dispute is not primarily personally or politically motivated, but involves a conflict between long-term scientific-cum-moral agendas, with the “reductionist program” as a key issue. It is concluded that it is in the interest of both disputants to keep the controversy alive.
Growth response of selected vegetable crops to spent mushroom compost application in a controlled environment

Snap bean, cucumber, radish, spinach, and tomato seedlings and plants were grown in soils amended with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50% spent mushroom compost (SMC) under greenhouse conditions. While total seedling emergence was not affected by the addition of SMC, the rate of seedling emergence was delayed. Increased growth was observed in the range of 30 to 50% SMC. The elemental content in seedling tissue indicated an antagonism among K, Ca, and Mg for ion uptake. Increased plant growth and yield were obtained with addition of 20 to 30% SMC; those grown at 50% SMC exhibited some stunting. The limiting factor in the use of SMC appeared to be its high soluble salts content.
Zinc and manganese chelate toxicity on nursery and seedling peach trees

Abstract Because of claimed damage from use of combined ZnEDTA and MnEDTA in young budling peach trees in a nursery, field and laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the potential toxicity from the chelates. An experiment was made in a commercial nursery with peach trees with three different rates of application besides a control (3.36 and 1.12, 13.44 and 4.49, 33.60 and 11.21 Kg/ha of Zn and Mn both as EDTA chelate). Soil pH was near 8, soil was calcareous and high in clay. The treatments were shanked in 15 cm deep and at distances either 18 or 7.5 cm on both sides of row centers. Applications were made on April 7 and trees had been budded in October previously on seedlings (Nemaguard) germinated in the previous spring. Contrary to predictions but related to time and conditions of applications, the highest two application rates resulted in death or injury of most of the buds. The lowest application rate resulted in some leaf burn at the close shanking rate and particularly on trees in parts of the p...
Melting and crack growth in electrical conductors subjected to short-duration current pulses

In this paper, we examine the response of a crack tip in an electrically conducting material subjected to a combination of mechanical load as well as a high density electrical current. We present a detailed examination of the process of evolution of melting and ejection, as revealed by high speed photography. The critical mechanical and electrical parameters that govern crack extension are then determined for two different alloys. Finally, we present an evaluation of the phenomenon through a coupled field simulation to examine the nature of the interaction between the electric field and the thermo-mechanical response.
Early Zidovudine plus Lamivudine Therapy of HIV Infected Asymptomatic Infants† 847

Although treatment with a combination of antiretroviral agents is the recommended therapy for HIV infected symptomatic children, little data are available on the effects of early combined antiretroviral therapy in asymptomatic infants. We report viral load and lymphocyte subset data obtained before and during 180 days of treatment with zidovudine and lamivudine for 6 infants. Standard clinical laboratory procedures were used to obtain viral and immunologic data.
A silver-tin alternative to dental amalgams

This paper describes a novel technology for a mercury-free metallic direct filling material, a substitute to dental amalgams. The consolidation relies both on cold-welding that takes place under moderate pressure between suitably surface-treated silver particles and on silver-tin intermetallic compound formation at ambient temperature. A dilute acid is used for removing the silver surface oxide layers, thereby promoting the cold-welding process. The condensability, namely the ability of a loose powder to undergo consolidation within a short time duration, at body temperature and under moderate pressure has been investigated for a variety of mixtures of silver, tin, and prealloyed silver-coated intermetallic powders. The resulting metallic composite material displays transverse rupture strength values higher than those of amalgams and somewhat lower values of compressive strength and Knoop hardness.
Progress and prospects of group-III nitride semiconductors

Abstract We review recent progress in the group-III nitride and related materials, and electronic and optical devices based on them. Blue and UV (e.g. ultra violet) emitters and detectors, and high temperature/high power electronics which has long been coveted are beginning to be realized either in the laboratory or in the commercial arena, due in part to the breathtaking progress made in the last few years in the art and science of GaN, InN, AlN and their salloys. With brief references to the historical aspect of the relevant developments, this review concerns itself primarily with the current status of wide bandgap gallium nitride and related semiconductors from both the materials and devices points of view. Following a discussion of the structural properties of these materials, their electrical and optical properties are described in detail. The available data on metal contacts, the properties of which are indeed very conducive for the devices mentioned, from the points of view of ohmic contacts and Schottky barriers, are elaborated on. Recent progress on processing issues such as etching are reviewed. The review then embarks on an indash;depth discussion and analysis of field effect transistors, bipolar transistors, light emitting diodes, laser and photo detectors.
Value creation from asset sales: New evidence from bond and stock markets ☆

Abstract This paper examines the influence of capital structure change on the value creation from asset sales. We find significant positive equity and debt excess returns are concentrated in the subsample of highly leveraged firms that use the proceeds to retire debt. Low leverage firms display no consistent significant excess equity or bond returns. The existent literature has focused on efficiency redistribution, increase in focus, and access to capital for investment as the primary drivers of value creation from asset sales and agency costs as a major factor that mitigates this value creation. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that the primary driver of value creation is from capital structure change for highly leveraged firms.
Facial recognition using human visual system algorithms for robotic and UAV platforms

In this paper we present a low-cost facial recognition system using a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform to capture images and video. Our novel approach produces real-time accurate detection and recognition of key features allowing the system to be used in real world security applications. We present recognition algorithms that enable the system to perform quality recognition with a minimal training set. The system can be used in other robotic platforms. It is highly modular and adaptable to other systems.
Cyclosporine inhibition of CH series murine B-cell lymphomas☆

To investigate the mechanisms by which cyclosporine (CsA) inhibits B-cell function, the effect of this agent on murine B-lymphoma cell lines of the CH series was tested. These lymphomas appear to be derived from a restricted B-cell population on the basis of their common expression of the Ly-1 cell surface marker and autoantibody products. Proliferation of each of the six cell lines tested was inhibited by CsA at doses without effect on the nonlymphoid HeLa cell line. The cell lines, however, differed from each other in their sensitivity to this agent. To correlate this sensitivity to other functional B-cell properties, the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the proliferation of the CH cell lines was tested. Three of the lines showed enhanced proliferation to LPS; two were inhibited while one was unaffected. The cell lines that responded with increased proliferation to LPS were the most sensitive to CsA. These results indicate that sensitivity to CsA may be a common property of B cells of certain lineages, although the degree of sensitivity may be influenced by the activation properties of these cells.
A distribution power flow experiment for outreach education

This paper presents a distribution power flow experiment for use in outreach education. The work was adapted from an existing power flow experiment by Yang et al. to target non-engineers with diverse educational backgrounds. Critical educational outcomes were identified. An iterative design process was developed to build the experiment. Subsequently, new laboratory activities and interactive manuals were created. Assessment surveys were designed for evaluation purposes. Feedback results from 26 participants are presented.
Radioautographic Analysis of the Distribution of Label from 3H-Indoleacetic Acid Supplied to Isolated Coleus Internodes

Isolated fifth internodes of Coleus blumei Benth. were supplied with (3)H-IAA at their apical ends. Microradioautography, using thin sections (0.25-0.5 microns) of Epon embedded tissue and liquid emulsion techniques, revealed extremely specific localization of the acetone-insoluble derivatives of IAA. Changes in the patterns of labeling were followed over periods of 3, 24, and 48 hr at various distances from the source of applied auxin. Progressively basipetal labeling of the cell walls of the youngest xylem elements was evident with time. At the end of 24 hr the label was detected also within the cytoplasm or slime of phloem elements. After 24 to 48 hr, labeling of plastids was evident. The results suggest a continued incorporation of IAA derivatives into cell wall precursors.
Adenosine deaminase activity and superoxide formation during phagocytosis and membrane perturbation of macrophages.

During phagocytosis and membrane perturbation, mouse macrophages generate superoxide in direct proportion to their intracellular adenosine deaminase activity. It is proposed that since adenosine deaminase controls the amount of substrate available to xanthine oxidase, and the latter produces superoxide during turnover of its substrates, the purine salvage pathway is an important contributor to the superoxide requirement of macrophages. It is further proposed that this may be the basis for the Rechanism of the association of adenosine deaminase deficiency with immunodeficiency.
The value of electrical impedance tomography in assessing the effect of body position and positive airway pressures on regional lung ventilation in spontaneously breathing subjects

Functional electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measures relative impedance changes in lung tissue during tidal breathing and creates images of local ventilation distribution. A novel approach to analyse the effect of body position and positive pressure ventilation on intrapulmonary tidal volume distribution was evaluated in healthy adult subjects. Prospective experimental study in healthy adult subjects in the intensive care unit at university hospital. Ten healthy male adults. Change in body position from supine to prone, left and right lateral during spontaneous breathing and positive pressure support ventilation. EIT measurements and multiple-breath sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) washout were performed. Profiles of average relative impedance change in regional lung areas were calculated. Relative impedance time course analysis and Lissajous figure loop analysis were used to calculate phase angles between dependent or independent lung and total lung (φ). EIT data were compared to SF6 data washout measuring the lung clearance index (LCI). Proposed EIT profiles allowed inter-individual comparison of EIT data and identified areas with reduced regional tidal volume using pressure support ventilation. Phase angle φ of dependent lung in supine position was 11.7±1.4°, in prone 5.3±0.5°, in right lateral 11.0±1.3° and in left lateral position 10.8±1.0°. LCI increased in supine position from 5.63±0.43 to 7.13±0.64 in prone position. Measured φ showed inverse relationship to LCI in the four different body positions. EIT profiles and φ of functional EIT are new methods to describe regional ventilation distribution with EIT allowing inter-individual comparison.
Digital Na(t)ives? Variation in Internet Skills and Uses among Members of the “Net Generation”*

People who have grown up with digital media are often assumed to be universally savvy with information and communication technologies. Such assumptions are rarely grounded in empirical evidence, however. This article draws on unique data with information about a diverse group of young adults’ Internet uses and skills to suggest that even when controlling for Internet access and experiences, people differ in their online abilities and activities. Additionally, findings suggest that Internet know-how is not randomly distributed among the population, rather, higher levels of parental education, being a male, and being white or Asian American are associated with higher levels of Web-use skill. These user characteristics are also related to the extent to which young adults engage in diverse types of online activities. Moreover, skill itself is positively associated with types of uses. Overall, these findings suggest that even when controlling for basic Internet access, among a group of young adults, socioeconomic status is an important predictor of how people are incorporating the Web into their everyday lives with those from more privileged backgrounds using it in more informed ways for a larger number of activities.