cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Narrowband and Wideband Off-Grid Direction-of-Arrival Estimation via Sparse Bayesian Learning

The sparse Bayesian learning based relevance vector machine (SBLRVM) algorithm is a promising algorithm to estimate the directions-of-arrival (DOAs) of multiple narrowband signals. The parameters involved in the DOA estimation model are automatically estimated by the algorithm that makes it more attractive than the deterministic sparsity based DOA estimation algorithms in which fine-tuning of parameters is necessary. However, one limitation of the algorithm is that it assumes the DOAs of the signals to be exactly aligned with the angular grids, which may not be true in practice. In this paper, we first propose an off-grid version of the narrowband SBLRVM algorithm. Next, we propose an off-grid wideband SBLRVM algorithm. The algorithms assume that the true scenario DOAs of the signals are not exactly aligned with the angular grids and the parameters of the algorithms are automatically estimated by the expectation maximization approach. In the wideband DOA estimation algorithm, we estimate one spatial power spectrum by simultaneously exploiting sparsity from all frequency bins. We demonstrate the application of the proposed algorithms by analyzing data from the shallow water HF $\mathbf {97}$ ocean acoustic experiment. The estimated DOAs of a narrowband tonal from the experiment by using our proposed narrowband DOA estimation algorithm are consistent with the nonadaptive conventional beamformer. Processing a wideband chirp from the experiment shows that estimating one spatial power spectrum by simultaneously exploiting sparsity from all frequency bins using the proposed wideband DOA estimation algorithm is a more valuable processor than an incoherent combination of the power spectra from the individual frequency bins estimated using the proposed narrowband DOA estimation algorithm. Moreover, since our proposed algorithms are off-grid algorithms, an empirical analysis for the choice of the discretization interval of the angular spread is not required as opposed to the on-grid DOA estimation algorithms. This results in a reduced computational complexity.
MISDIAGNOSIS OF CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS TYPE BY STANDARD IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

Background: Light chain (AL) & transthyretin (TTR) are the most common types of cardiac amyloidosis. AL is caused by a monoclonal gammopathy, but monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) can also be seen in TTR amyloidosis & may confuse the clinical picture. It is essential to correctly
Mid-infrared electro-optic modulation in black phosphorus

An out of plane electric field can modulate the optical absorption of black phosphorus due to a combination of Pauli blocking and quantum-confined Franz-Keldysh effects. Optical transitions between different sub-bands are explored and over 5% modulation is demonstrated in 13 nm black phosphorus.
Functional morphology of the lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm determined by three-dimensional high-resolution esophago-gastric junction pressure profile and CT imaging

We used computed tomography scan imaging with three-dimensional esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) pressure recordings to determine functional morphology of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and cr...
Synergistic cooperation promotes multicellular performance and unicellular free-rider persistence

The evolution of multicellular life requires cooperation among cells, which can be undermined by intra-group selection for selfishness. Theory predicts that selection to avoid non-cooperators limits social interactions among non-relatives, yet previous evolution experiments suggest that intra-group conflict is an outcome, rather than a driver, of incipient multicellular life cycles. Here we report the evolution of multicellularity via two distinct mechanisms of group formation in the unicellular budding yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. Cells remain permanently attached following mitosis, giving rise to clonal clusters (staying together); clusters then reversibly assemble into social groups (coming together). Coming together amplifies the benefits of multicellularity and allows social clusters to collectively outperform solitary clusters. However, cooperation among non-relatives also permits fast-growing unicellular lineages to 'free-ride' during selection for increased size. Cooperation and competition for the benefits of multicellularity promote the stable coexistence of unicellular and multicellular genotypes, underscoring the importance of social and ecological context during the transition to multicellularity.
Youthscaping Our Classrooms: Nurturing Youth Civic Agency through Youth-Centered Pedagogies.

ABSTRACTYouth are an ever-present component of conversations about culture, interconnectedness, and its effects, especially characterized as readily consuming all that globalization has to offer them. However, opportunities to acknowledge and legitimize the civic experiences youth have and the contributions they make to society have been overlooked in our curricula. We recognize that to support a curricular reorientation to harness these experiences, social studies teachers and teacher educators need a framework for teaching that is, at heart, youth-centered in ways that go beyond merely drawing on youths' prior knowledge and experiences to leaven a prescribed curriculum. We borrow the cultural studies work on youthscapes to provide a framework for how teachers can re-imagine the lives of youth and integrate the ways in which youth are already engaged in civic action as an elemental part of the curriculum.
Anti-poverty Policy Innovations: New Proposals for Addressing Poverty in the United States

The 2016 presidential election has brought to the fore proposals to fundamentally restructure the U.S. anti-poverty safety net. Even though much of the current debate centers on shrinking or eliminating federal programs, we believe it is necessary and useful to explore alternatives that represent
Network meta-analysis of patent foramen ovale management strategies in cryptogenic stroke.

Objective To compare the outcomes of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure vs antiplatelet agent (APA) vs oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) for secondary prevention of stroke in patients with cryptogenic stroke, using direct and indirect evidence from existing randomized data. Methods Relevant randomized controlled trials were identified by a systematic review. The efficacy outcome was stroke recurrence, and safety outcomes were atrial fibrillation and bleeding complications at the end of follow-up. Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to calculate risk estimates and the rank probabilities using APA therapy as the reference. Results In a network meta-analysis of 6 randomized controlled trials consisting of 3,497 patients (1,732 PFO closure, 1,252 APA, 513 OAT), PFO closure and OAT were associated with lower rates of recurrent stroke (odds ratio [OR] 0.30, 95% credibility interval [CrI] 0.17–0.49 and OR 0.42, 95% CrI 0.22–0.78, respectively) with equal efficacy of OR 0.70 (95% CrI 0.37–1.49). PFO closure had the highest top rank probability of atrial fibrillation and OAT had the highest risk of bleeding complications. Conclusions These findings suggest that closure and OAT may be equally effective in recurrent stroke prevention in patients with PFO. There is an increased risk of atrial fibrillation and bleeding with closure and OAT therapy, respectively. A randomized trial is needed to identify patients who would benefit most from each strategy.
A COMPILER DESIGN FOR THE AGENT-BASED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

paper, we introduce a prototype compiler for the Agent- based Programming Language (APL) using the Belief-Desire- Intention (BDI) model. The compiler we developed can translate an agent-based program written in APL into the Java byte code, which is executable on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). This paper proposes a simple syntax for Agent-based Programming Language (APL). APL is designed based on the BDI model, which is a natural way to describe the behaviors of an intelligent agent. By using the associated database and reflection concepts, the APL can use different intentions intelligently and dynamically. This work shows how nicely and naturally the APL programming language can represent intelligent software agents and how we can translate the APL program into the Java byte code. In this work, we use the Belief-Plan mapping table and Java reflection feature to implement dynamic linking which makes it possible for APL to link to different code fragments at runtime without recompiling the APL source code. This feature of APL makes the language unique and it may change the way of programming.
Effect of Ischemia

The metabolism of a tissue totally deprived of its blood supply changes immediately from a steady-state condition in which substrates are continually supplied and some end products and by-products continually removed to a “closed system.”(1) Under such conditions: (1) oxidative phosphorylation and metabolism cease; (2) metabolism becomes dependent on endogenous substrate; (3) end products accumulate; (4) energy reserves decline; (5) there is a tendency of reactions toward equilibrium, and finally, (6) failure of function and eventually major structural disruption occur. The effect of ischemia on neural tissue has been examined mainly from two viewpoints: one, focusing on the clinical problems of cerebrovascular disease, with application of physiological or anatomical techniques, and the second, in order to elucidate biochemical mechanisms uses ischemia primarily as a method of modifying metabolism. In this review an attempt will be made to integrate the data obtained by both approaches in order to trace the pattern of events occurring during ischemia. Earlier reviews by Himwich,(2) Schneider,(3) and Stone(4) should be consulted for historical perspective. Because of space limitation, investigations conducted in the present decade and key publications which give access to the earlier literature will be emphasized.
Thermomechanical Characteristics of Alloys Exhibiting Martensitic Thermoelasticity

Successful application of unique mechanical effects related to thermoelastic martensite transformation, deformation, and reversion is discussed in terms of the requirements to characterize various unique thermomechanical parameters, such as reversion stress, strain limits, stress and strain stability, and cycling effects. The dependence of reversion stress on such factors as prestrain, partial relaxation during reversion, temperature, and time is evaluated for Ni-Ti-base alloys and recent data are correlated with existing data for NiTi and other “shape-memory effect” alloys. The kinetics of martensitic deformation and reversion is discussed and related to proposed microstructural models for martensitic thermoelastic effects. Practical considerations such as stress relaxation, consequences of exceeding strain limits, and conditions for development of reversible effects are discussed. The general prerequisites for thermoelastic martensite effects are summarized, and implications regarding applications are discussed.
The Pregnant Couple

Although the husband's reactions to and feelings about his wife's pregnancy are frequently overlooked, his wife is always concerned about his perception of her. She often feels unattractive and is most interested in how satisfied her husband is with her pregnant body. The present study attempts to determine whether the husband or wife viewed the wife's body more positively, whether the husbands and wives could accurately predict each other's satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the pregnant body, and whether husbands' and wives' attitudes about important perinatal issues differed significantly. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance, comparing the husbands' and wives' satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the pregnant body. The body cathexis scale was used to measure such satisfaction and Osgood's semantic differential measured attitudes toward "pregnancy", "spouse", "unborn baby", and "labor and delivery". Findings show that husbands were more satisfied with their wives' pregnant bodies than the wives themselves were. The wives were not able to predict their husbands' levels of satisfaction, although the men accurately predicted their wives' responses. Husbands also tended to hold more positive attitudes toward perinatal issues.
Development of a Commercial Reference Laboratory Elective Rotation for Residents in Clinical Pathology.

Objectives To develop a curriculum for a commercial reference laboratory clinical pathology training elective. Methods A 4-day elective at Quest Diagnostics was developed. The elective included 32 sessions composed of interactive didactic sessions and laboratory tours/demonstrations. Ten residents who attended the elective completed a written evaluation and scored each component of the curriculum. Results Written comments were very positive and demonstrated the goals of the elective were achieved. Laboratory tours and one-on-one sessions with the medical directors were especially well received. Most of the residents stated that the rotation gave them exposure to an area of laboratory medicine that they were not familiar with. Conclusions The elective provided a resident training experience that was highly regarded and exposed residents to an area of laboratory medicine not encountered in most pathology training programs. Our curriculum could serve as a model for establishing a similar elective in other training programs.
To speak or remain silent: an examination of two English teachers’ styles of leading whole-class discussion

For some teachers, the call for more dialogic instruction and less monologic instruction has led to the belief that student-led discussions require complete teacher silence. That leads to questions...
Body fat percent assessment between electrical impedance myography and dual X-ray absorptiometry

OBJECTIVES To compare total and regional body fat percent (BF%) measurements obtained using a handheld electrical impedance myography (EIM) device in comparison to BF% measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). METHODS Sixty-nine male and female (33 males/36 females; age = 21.9 ± 2.0 years, body mass index = 24.5 ± 3.6 kg/m2 ) college-age individuals participated in this study. Each participant's total and regional (ie, upper arms, upper legs, trunk) BF% was estimated using EIM and DXA. Metallic markers were used to delineate regional boundaries for analysis, including upper arms (biceps/triceps), upper legs (quadriceps/hamstrings), and trunk (abdominal region/low back region). Paired t-tests assessed the accuracy of BF% values estimated from EIM in comparison to BF% measured by DXA. RESULTS Observations revealed EIM reported significantly lower BF% for upper left arm (P < .001), upper right arm (P < .001), upper right leg (P = .002), and trunk (P < .001) values. However, no significant differences were observed in total (P = .434) and upper left leg (P = .855) BF% between the two devices. CONCLUSIONS This study's observations suggest that, EIM may be an accurate field method for measuring total BF%, but not regional BF%.
Addition of [18 F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography With Computed Tomography to Cross-Sectional Imaging Improves Staging and Alters Management in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

In this work, we characterize the value of positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) in combination with cross-sectional imaging for staging and prognostication of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. In this retrospective cohort study, HCC patients underwent PET-CT after initial staging with contrast-enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The benefit of PET-CT was measured by the identification of new HCC lesions, and potential harm was quantified by the number of false positives and subsequent diagnostic evaluation. We used multivariate Cox regression analysis to evaluate the association between the highest grade on PET-CT with the risk of extrahepatic metastasis, progression-free, and overall survival. Among 148 patients, PET-CT detected additional extrahepatic metastasis in 11.9% of treatment-naive and 13.8% of treatment-experienced patients. PET-CT changed the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging in 5.9% of treatment-naive and 18.8% of treatment-experienced patients compared with CT/MRI alone, changing HCC management in 9.9% and 21.3% of patients, respectively. Of the patients, 5% (n = 8) experienced severe physical harm requiring additional procedures to evaluate extrahepatic findings. High tumor grade on PET-CT was independently associated with a higher likelihood of extrahepatic metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 17.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6-81.5) and worse overall survival (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.3). Treatment-experienced patients (versus treatment-naive patients; HR, 9.7; 95% CI, 1.9-49.4) and BCLC stage A (HR, 8.2; 95% CI, 1.5-45.9; P < 0.01) and BCLC stage B (HR, 20.6; 95% CI, 1.5-282.2; P < 0.05) were more likely to have an upstaging with PET-CT compared with BCLC stage C (reference). PET-CT provides prognostic information and improves tumor staging beyond CT/MRI alone, with subsequent changes in management for patients with HCC.
Longitudinal associations between neuropsychological functioning and medical responsibility in youth with spina bifida: The moderational role of parenting behaviors.

For youth with spina bifida (SB), the transfer of medical responsibilities from parent- to self-management is an important component of autonomy development. Youth with SB are at risk for neurocogn...
Kajian Pola Perilaku Penduduk di Kawasan Permukiman Bantaran Sungai Deli

Permukiman kumuh merupakan suatu permasalahan terutama di kawasan perkotaan. Penanganan yang telah dilakukan salah satunya yaitu penanganan lingkungan perumahan dan permukiman kumuh berbasis kawasan atau disingkat sebagai PLP2K-BK. Pada arahan penanganan program penanganan PLP2K-BK dilaksanakan pada tahun 2010, sementara bila diselaraskan dengan target departemen pekerjaan umum pada tahun 2020 Indonesia terbebas dari permasalahan permukiman kumuh. Permukiman lainnya memiliki kesesuaian sebagai kawasan permukiman dengan tingkat kepadatan tinggi lebih dari 126 unit/ha merupakan permukiman dengan tidak memiliki kondisi layak huni seperti tidak memiliki keteraturan bangunan, kondisi jalan lingkungan buruk, tidak adanya pengelolaan air limbah, dan lain-lain. Permasalahan tersebut seharusnya menjadi salah satu prioritas dalam perencanaan wilayah dan kota, karena perlu adanya penelitian mengenai evaluasi terhadap penanganan kawasan permukiman kumuh. selain itu perlu diketahui arahan kebijakan, kondisi eksisting permukiman kumuh, dan kemudian dilakukan perbandingan menghasilkan Gap dari kondisi eksisting dengan arahan seharusnya.
Exposure to Medicines in the Family Medicine Cabinet: Is It a Harbinger of Later Opioid Dependence?

Background: Despite research on prescription opioids and dependence being a national priority, little is known about the association between several potential adolescent risk factors and later opio...
The Quadruple Threat: The Importance of Stage Violence Education in the Post-Secondary Musical Theatre Sphere

From the fistfight in Showboat, through the Golden Age musical violence seen in Oklahoma! or West Side Story, and into grittier musicals of today such as Spring Awakening and Rocky, violence has be...
Dermatologic uses of bloodroot: a review and reappraisal

Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) is a plant, native to North America, containing bioactive compounds that interrupt biological processes. It has been around for centuries and is known for its medicinal properties. Today, naturopathic remedies are becoming more and more popular, especially for skin ailments. There are an alarming number of online vendors marketing their bloodroot-containing products as cures for skin cancer without any scientific evidence supporting such claims. Clinical data concerning the efficacy of bloodroot primarily come from case studies with unfavorable outcomes involving patients who self-treated with bloodroot-containing black salves. However, recent preclinical studies have concluded that sanguinarine, the active component of bloodroot, shows positive evidence of being an efficacious treatment for skin cancers at micromolar doses. This article reviews the mechanism of action of bloodroot as a skin cancer treatment, its misuse in clinical dermatology, and the FDA's stance on products containing bloodroot that are marketed and sold to laypersons. Members of the public should be made aware of the dangers of self-treating with bloodroot-containing products through effective communication and education by clinicians.
Towards a Comprehensive Fueling-Controlled Theory on the Growth of Massive Black Holes and Host Spheroids

We study the relation between nuclear massive black holes and their host spheroid gravitational potential. Using AMR numerical simulations, we analyze how gas is transported in the nuclear (central kpc) regions of galaxies. We study the gas fueling onto the inner accretion disk (sub-pc scale) and the star formation in a massive nuclear disk like those generally found in proto-spheroids (ULIRGs, SCUBA Galaxies). These sub-pc resolution simulation of gas fueling that is mainly depleted by star formation naturally satisfy the `M_BH - $M_virial' relation, with a scatter considerably less than the observed one. We found a generalized version of Kennicutt-Schmidt Law for starbursts is satisfied, in which the total gas depletion rate (dot{M}_gas = dot{M}_BH + dot{M}_SF) is the one that scales as M_gas/t_orbital. We also found that the `M_BH - sigma' relation is a byproduct of the `M_BH - M_virial' relation in the fueling controlled scenario.
Getting Started: Initiating Systemic Engineering Design Changes in an Undergraduate Curriculum (Special Session)

In this special session, the moderators will lead an accessible and collaborative discussion on how to make systemic changes to design instruction, particularly during the second and third years, in an undergraduate engineering curriculum. Participants will assess the environments at their home institutions, identify underutilized resources, and generate ideas toward the implementation of more design-rich curricula. The moderators will share examples from their own work, hoping that participants will adapt successful approaches for their own efforts to initiate or lead curricular change.
Thalamic, Amygdalar, and hippocampal nuclei morphology and their trajectories in first episode psychosis: A preliminary longitudinal study✰.

Abstract The thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus play important pathophysiologic roles in psychosis. Few studies have prospectively examined subcortical nuclei in relation to predicting clinical outcomes after a first-episode of psychosis (FEP). Here, we examined volumetric differences and trajectories among subcortical nuclei in FEP patients and their associations with illness severity. Clinical and brain volume measures were collected using a 1.5T MRI scanner and processed using FreeSurfer 6.0 from a prospective study of antipsychotic-naive FEP patients of FEP-schizophrenia (FEP-SZ) (baseline, n = 38; follow-up, n = 17), FEP non-schizophrenia (FEP-NSZ) (baseline, n = 23; follow-up, n = 13), and healthy controls (HCs) (baseline, n = 47; follow-up, n = 29). Compared to FEP-NSZ and HCs, FEP-SZ had significantly smaller thalamic anterior nuclei volume at baseline. Longitudinally, FEP-SZ showed a positive rate of change in the amygdala compared to controls or FEP-NSZ, as well as in the basal, central and accessory basal nuclei compared to FEP-NSZ. Enlargement in the thalamic anterior nuclei predicted a worsening in overall psychosis symptoms. Baseline thalamic anterior nuclei alterations further specify key subcortical regions associated with FEP-SZ pathophysiology. Longitudinally, anterior nuclei volume enlargement may signal symptomatic worsening. The amygdala and thalamus structures may show diagnostic differences between schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia psychoses, while the thalamus changes may reflect disease or treatment related changes in clinical outcome.
Home ranges and Movements of Two Diamondback Terrapins ( Malaclemys terrapin macrospilota ) in Northwest Florida

The diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) is a small estuarine turtle distributed along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the USA that is threatened by drowning in crab pots, road mortality, exploitation in the pet trade, and habitat loss. Little is known about the movement patterns and home ranges of these turtles, particularly along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast. Satellite tags were deployed on two adult female terrapins captured at two distinct sites in Northwest Florida. A first-difference correlated random walk approach was used to determine distances traveled and estimate home range for each individual. The two terrapins were tracked for 146 and 147 days, and the total distance traveled for each terrapin was 70.1 km and 723.0 km, respectively. The maximum distance moved from capture location was 11.3 km and 49.6 km. Home ranges here were much larger than those previously reported in other studies. The movements we documented were greater than expected and indicate habitat protection for this species may need to be expanded to incorporate more distant foraging sites.
The Effect of Political Uncertainty on Financial Flexibility and Firm Value

[enter Abstract Body]Constructing a simple general equilibrium model, I examine the effect of local and international political uncertainty on financial flexibility and firm value. The model predicts that political uncertainty will have a negative effect on both. I then empirically examine the effects of political uncertainty on firms in the BRICs countries. I find that local political uncertainty has negative effects on financial flexibility, but not on firm value, while international political uncertainty has negative and larger effects on both. Part of the reason for this is that financial flexibility and long-term debt acts as a partial hedge to political uncertainty.
Parallels between enzyme catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrosynthesis

Summary Catalysts are central to accelerating chemistry in biology and technology. In biochemistry, the relationship between the velocity of an enzymatic reaction and the concentration of chemical substrates is described via the Michaelis-Menten model. The modeling and benchmarking of synthetic molecular electrocatalysts are also well developed. However, such efforts have not been as rigorously extended to photoelectrosynthetic reactions, where, in addition to chemical substrates and charge carriers, light is a required reagent. In this perspective, we draw parallels between concepts involving enzyme catalytic efficiency, the benchmarking of molecular electrocatalysts, and the performance of photoelectrosynthetic assemblies, while highlighting key differences, assumptions, and limitations.
Jurisdiction: Nature, Scope, Dimensions, and Complexities

It is worth reiterating that the focus of this study is twofold. The first is to articulate the extent, if any, to which the West African State of Sierra Leone is fulfilling its international obligations to either extradite or prosecute persons suspected of committing crimes in violation of international criminal law by enacting the relevant laws in its municipal law system, thereby recognizing crimes of an international nature and providing for the exercise of universal jurisdiction for the investigation, trial, and conviction of perpetrators of such crimes. The second is to determine the extent to which any non-compliance with such obligations may render Sierra Leone amenable to becoming a safe haven for fugitives from international criminal justice, thereby rendering the country complicit in failure to combat impunity through the exercise of universal jurisdiction. This chapter examines in detail the concept of jurisdiction in all its conceptual dimensions, as well as the universality principle, particularly in the domain of international criminal justice.
Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate and creatine effects on growth and plasma metabolites of nursery pigs.

Four experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) and creatine monohydrate on growth performance and plasma metabolites of nursery pigs. In each experiment, treatments were replicated with four to five pens of four to six pigs each. Each experiment lasted from 3 to 4 wk and Phase I (1.6% Lys) and Phase II (1.3 to 1.5% Lys) diets were fed for 9 to 16 d each. In Exp. 1, pigs (4.7 kg and 15 d of age) were fed diets containing 0, .10, or .75% OKG. Daily gain during a 13-d Phase I period and ADFI during Phase I and overall (29 d) were increased (P .10) by diet. In Exp. 2, pigs (7.1 kg and 23 d of age) were fed 0 or .50% OKG during Phase I only. During Phase I, II, and overall, ADG and ADFI were not affected (P > .10) by OKG supplementation, but gain:feed was decreased during Phase I (P .10) by OKG supplementation in this experiment. In Exp. 3, pigs (5.8 kg and 20 d of age) were fed diets containing 0, .10, or .50% creatine. Creatine tended to linearly decrease ADG (P = .11) and plasma albumin (P = .12) and PUN (P .10) plasma NEFA, glucose, or urea N concentrations. Creatine added to the nursery diet increased (P < .02) ADFI and decreased (P < .10) gain:feed during Phase II and overall. Creatine in the nursery diet also increased (P < .01) PUN, but it did not affect plasma glucose or NEFA concentrations. Creatine and OKG have variable effects on growth performance and plasma metabolites of nursery pigs.
Dynamic Simulation of a Periodic 10 K Sorption Cryocooler

A transient thermal simulation model has been developed to simulate the dynamic performance of a multiple-stage 10 K sorption cryocooler for spacecraft sensor cooling applications that require periodic quick-cooldown (under 2 minutes), negligible vibration, low power consumption, and long-life (5 to 10 years). The model was specifically designed to represent the Brilliant Eyes Ten-Kelvin Sorption Cryocooler Experiment (BETSCE), but it can be adapted to represent other sorption cryocooler systems as well.
Magnetospheric Multiscale and Global Electrodynamics Missions

The resolution of many fundamental scientific questions regarding the behavior of the Earth's upper atmosphere and space environment (termed geospace) will require the use of multiple diagnostic satellites operating in a highly coordinated fashion. This multiprobe approach, increasingly viable given technology advances, allows one to: (1) discriminate spatial and temporal variations, (2) expose the prevalent cross-scale coupling processes, and (3) provide spatial and temporal sampling (revealing gradients and other differential characteristics) commensurate with theoretical models and data assimilation procedures. Given cost constraints, a principal trade-off that the community must contemplate is whether and when one chooses to fly a few (∼4 to 6) spacecraft that are well instrumented or many (10 to 10s) spacecraft that are minimally instrumented. We document here two missions that take the first approach. They were defined as candidate Solar-Terrestrial Probes by NASA's Geospace Multiprobes Science Definition Team. The Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission uses six spacecraft to focus on understanding the fundamental plasma processes that operate at space plasma boundaries and current sheets at positions ranging from the subsolar magnetopause to the distant magnetic tail. In situ multipoint measurements are combined with global imaging, exposing localized processes and the global response. The Global Electrodynamics Mission employs up to five spacecraft to provide systematic multipoint measurements in the ionosphere/thermosphere system to determine how the ionized and neutral gases exchange energy and how energy is injected and dissipated in the lower thermosphere.
Subsampling p-values

A construction of p-values for hypothesis tests based on subsampling and the related m out of n bootstrap is introduced. The p-values are based on a modification of the usual subsampling hypothesis tests that involves an appropriate centering of the subsampled or bootstrapped test statistics as in the construction of confidence intervals. This modification makes the hypothesis tests more powerful, and as a consequence provides meaningful p-values. The procedure is shown to apply for both i.i.d. and stationary data satisfying mixing conditions. The new p-values have the desired properties of being asymptotically uniform under the null hypothesis and converging to zero under the alternative.
Clinical pharmacology of deoxycoformycin

Deoxycoformycin (DCF) is an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA). Twenty-one courses of DCF were administered to 13 patients ranging in age from 15 to 78 yr. Eight patients had T-cell disorders, and five patients had non-T-cell malignancies. The i.v. bolus dose was escalated from 5 to 30 mg/sq m/day, and the duration of the courses ranged from 1 to 5 days. The DCF plasma half-life ranged from 4.9 to 6.2 hr and was independent of dose. The dose-limiting toxicities involved the central nervous system (CNS) and the kidneys. Other toxicities included bronchitis, decreases in hematocrit, arthralgias, and myalgias. Mortality was encountered in three patients. These toxic effects may have been secondary to the accumulation of the metabolites adenosine and deoxyadenosine. Deoxyadenosine and adenosine were both detectable in plasma (10(-6) M) and in urine (10(-3) M). Two partial remissions were observed: one in a patient with T-cell ALL and another in a patient with mycosis fungoides. Minimal responses characterized by either declines in peripheral blast counts or partial resolution of adenopathy were observed in five other patients. No responses were observed in six patients. These observations suggest that DCF is effective in the treatment of T-cell lymphoid malignancies.
Two cases of rhinocerebral zygomycosis (mucormycosis) with common epidemiologic and environmental features.

Two patients receiving long-term treatment with corticosteroids for glomerulonephritis from the same physician developed rhinocerebral zygomycosis (mucormycosis) within 2 wk of one another. Broad, ...
Social Network Analysis to Assess the Impact of the CTSA on Biomedical Research Grant Collaboration

Success of the Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) program implicitly demands team science efforts and well-orchestrated collaboration across the translational silos (T1-T4). Networks have proven to be useful abstractions of research collaborations. Networks provide novel system-level insights and exhibit marked changes in response to external interventions, making them potential evaluation tools that complement more traditional approaches. The present study is part of our ongoing efforts to assess the impact of the CTSA on Biomedical Research Grant Collaboration (BRGC). Collaborative research grants are a complex undertaking and an outcome of sustained interaction among researchers. In this report, BRGC networks representing collaborations among CTSA-affiliated investigators constructed from grants management system data at the University of Kentucky across a period of six years (2007–2012) corresponding to pre- and post-CTSA are investigated. Overlapping community structure detection algorithms, in conjunction with surrogate testing, revealed the presence of intricate research communities rejecting random graphs as generative mechanisms. The deviation from randomness was especially pronounced post-CTSA, reflecting an increasing trend in collaborations and team-science efforts potentially as a result of CTSA. Inter-community crosstalk was especially pronounced post-CTSA.
Mutations affecting the ability of the Escherichia coli UmuD' protein to participate in SOS mutagenesis.

The products of the SOS-regulated umuDC operon are required for most UV and chemical mutagenesis in Escherichia coli, a process that results from a translesion synthesis mechanism. The UmuD protein is activated for its role in mutagenesis by a RecA-facilitated autodigestion that removes the N-terminal 24 amino acids. A previous genetic screen for nonmutable umuD mutants had resulted in the isolation of a set of missense mutants that produced UmuD proteins that were deficient in RecA-mediated cleavage (J. R. Battista, T. Ohta, T. Nohmi, W. Sun, and G. C. Walker, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:7190‐7194, 1990). To identify elements of the UmuD* protein necessary for its role in translesion synthesis, we began with umuD*, a modified form of the umuD gene that directly encodes the UmuD* protein, and obtained missense umuD* mutants deficient in UV and methyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. The D39G, L40R, and T51I mutations affect residues located at the UmuD*2 homodimer interface and interfere with homodimer formation in vivo. The D75A mutation affects a highly conserved residue located at one end of the central strand in a three-stranded b-sheet and appears to interfere with UmuD*2 homodimer formation indirectly by affecting the structure of the UmuD* monomer. When expressed from a multicopy plasmid, the L40R umuD* mutant gene exhibited a dominant negative effect on a chromosomal umuD 1 gene with respect to UV mutagenesis, suggesting that the mutation has an effect on UmuD* function that goes beyond its impairment of homodimer formation. The G129D mutation affects a highly conserved residue that lies at the end of the long C-terminal b-strand and results in a mutant UmuD* protein that exhibits a strongly dominant negative effect on UV mutagenesis in a umuD 1 strain. The A30V and E35K mutations alter residues in the N-terminal arms of the UmuD*2 homodimer, which are mobile in solution.
Geodetic determination of strain at the Nevada Test Site following the Handley event

abstract Repeated surveys of a trilateration network (aperture greater than 20 km) centered on ground zero for the HANDLEY event, a nuclear explosion at the Nevada Test Site with yield in excess of 1 megaton, suggest that the explosion induced an east-west extension of the network by more than 50 mm. In the year following the detonation, this deformation reversed such that the final configuration represented a small east-west contraction from the pre-HANDLEY state. In the subsequent 2-year period, only minor deformation was detected. Thus, the overall response of Pahute Mesa may be described as stable. The explosion-induced deformation is thought to be partly due to slip on faults driven by the large-amplitude seismic waves from the explosion. The mechanism of the postshot relaxation is not understood.
THE FREE-LANCE MUSICIAN AS A TYPE OF NON-PERSON: AN EXTENSION OF THE CONCEPT OF NON-PERSONHOOD

Free-lance musicians are professionally trained artists who lack permanent membership in any musical organization. Although trained to be creative artists, most frequently free-lancers play supporting music for operas, ballets and solo performers on stage, or provide background music for dinners or receptions. As a consequence, their technical skills are devalued by audiences; they often play music below their skill level; spontaneity in interpretation is extremely limited or impossible; they are anonymous to the audience and their playing generally receives an impersonal response; performances serve a functional rather than an aesthetic purpose; and players are interchangeable between groups. As a result of treatment as non-persons, free-lancers hold a sense of low prestige for themselves, and the occupation in many ways serves as a negative reference group for its members. Wide implications regarding non-personhood are drawn for an increasingly mechanized society. Contrary to Goffman's examples, non-personhood is not tied to occupations of limited skill, but rather, can occur in any occupational group under conditions in which individual interpretation, decision making, and power are nullified.
Comment on: International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma

To the Editor: I was pleased to see that the new guidelines on severe asthma use the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system to classify the strength of evidence behind each expert recommendation [1]. The fact that the strength of most of the recommendations was “conditional” ( i.e. many patients and clinicians might choose an …
Immobilization of β‐Galactosidase on Fibrous Matrix by Polyethyleneimine for Production of Galacto‐Oligosaccharides from Lactose

The production of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose by Aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase immobilized on cotton cloth was studied. A novel method of enzyme immobilization involving PEI-enzyme aggregate formation and growth of aggregates on individual fibrils of cotton cloth leading to multilayer immobilization of the enzyme was developed. A large amount of enzyme was immobilized (250 mg/g support) with about 90-95% efficiency. A maximum GOS production of 25-26% (w/w) was achieved at near 50% lactose conversion from 400 g/L of lactose at pH 4.5 and 40 degrees C. Tri- and tetrasaccharides were the major types of GOS formed, accounting for about 70% and 25% of the total GOS produced in the reactions, respectively. Temperature and pH affected not only the reaction rate but also GOS yield to some extend. A reaction pH of 6.0 increased GOS yield by as much as 10% compared with that of pH 4.5 while decreased the reaction rate of immobilized enzyme. The cotton cloth as the support matrix for enzyme immobilization did not affect the GOS formation characteristics of the enzyme under the same reaction conditions, suggesting diffusion limitation was negligible in the packed bed reactor and the enzyme carrier. Increase in the thermal stability of PEI-immobilized enzyme was also observed. The half-life for the immobilized enzyme on cotton cloth was close to 1 year at 40 degrees C and 21 days at 50 degrees C. Stable, continuous operation in a plug-flow reactor was demonstrated for about 3 days without any apparent problem. A maximum GOS production of 26% (w/w) of total sugars was attained at 50% lactose conversion with a feed containing 400 g/L of lactose at pH 4.5 and 40 degrees C. The corresponding reactor productivity was 6 kg/L/h, which is several-hundred-fold higher than those previously reported.
ON THE ROLE OF BDI MODELING FOR INTEGRATED CONTROL AND COORDINATED BEHAVIOR IN AUTONOMOUS AGENTS

This paper describes an architecture for controlling and coordinating autonomous agents, building on previous work addressing reactive and deliberative control methods. The proposed multilayered hybrid architecture allows a rationally bounded, goal-directed agent to reason predictively about potential conflicts by constructing knowledge level models that explain other agents' observed behaviors and hypothesize their beliefs, desires, and intentions; at the same time, it enables the agent to operate autonomously, to react promptly to changes in its real-time environment, and to coordinate its actions effectively with other agents. A principal aim of this research is to understand the role dzfferent functional capabilities play in constraining an agent5 behavior under varying environmental conditions. To this end, an experimental test bed has been constructed comprising a simulated multi-agent world in which a variety of agent configurations and behaviors have been investigated. A number of experimentalfind...
Genetic variation for volatile terpenoids in roots of carrot, Daucus carota, backcrosses and F2 generations

Abstract Volatile terpenoid levels were measured in segregating carrot populations. Genetic analysis suggested dominance and multigenic control for low total volatile terpenoids, and low terpinolene quantities. The inheritance of caryophyllene quantities differed in different populations. Percent ( E )-γ-bisabolene exhibited simple genetic control in several carrot populations with dominance for high levels. Compensatory shifts between the major volatile terpenes indicates an inter-relationship between the mono- and sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic pools.
Pediatric Dermatology Clinical-Pathologic Case “Mimickers”

Herein are presented a collection of pediatric dermatology “mimickers.” We have selected three cases in which the suspected clinical diagnosis was overturned by the histopathology findings.
Quantum Theory of Metallic Reflection

In the classical (Drude) theory of the reflection and transmission of light at a metal surface, the component of electric intensity perpendicular to the surface is discontinuous there, the remaining components of the field vectors being continuous. In a more detailed description the interaction of the light with the metal is expressed as scattering by the conduction electrons according to quantum theory. Those components of the field vectors which were continuous in the classical theory retain very approximately their values in that theory. The electric intensity perpendicular to the surface, though given approximately elsewhere by the classical theory, fluctuates widely within a few electron wavelengths of the surface. If this fluctuating field is used to calculate the surface photoelectric effect by Mitchell's method, the agreement of his result for a clean potassium surface with observation is improved. To a first approximation, the new theory predicts that the frequency at the peak of the spectral distribution curve for a clean surface of a metal depends only on the number $N$ of free electrons per unit volume and for different metals varies approximately as ${N}^{\frac{5}{9}}$; although the experimental results are uncertain, this is roughly the case. No calculations have been made for sensitized surfaces, but arguments based on the use of the Drude form seem to be precarious.
Fast and accurate calculation of physically complete EMI response by a heterogeneous metallic object

In this paper, the coupling and close-proximity effects arising between highly conducting and permeable metallic objects are exposed and analyzed, for the electromagnetic induction (EMI) frequency range (from tens of hertz up to several hundreds of kilohertz). To understand the physics of the interaction phenomena, a numerical technique is applied, consisting of the full method of auxiliary sources (MAS) at low frequencies and a combination of the MAS with thin-skin approximation (TSA) at high frequencies. Both numerical MAS-MAS/TSA and experimental studies have shown that the scattered field from a heterogeneous target generated as a simple superposition of independent responses from each part can be very different from the field determined from whole object with full internal interaction. A new numerical technique for fast and accurate representation of EMI responses for heterogeneous objects is pursued here, applicable to any three-dimensional heterogeneous object placed in an arbitrary time-varying EMI field. First, any primary magnetic field input is decomposed into the spheroidal modes over a fictitious surface surrounding the object. Then, for each input spheroidal mode, the full EMI problem including all interaction is solved using the MAS-MAS/TSA technique, and each modal response is reproduced using a compact reduced set of sources (RSS). Finally, the total response from the given target for any other excitation can be synthesized simply by calculating that primary field's constituent spheroidal modes and combining their stored responses. Several numerical examples are designed to show how an object's electromagnetic parameters, geometry, distance between objects, antenna positions, and orientations relative to the object affect the coupling. Comparisons between numerical and measured data for a machined composite object and for an actual unexploded ordnance demonstrate the superior accuracy and applicability of the MAS-MAS/TSA RSS model over simple dipole approximations, for certain classes of heterogeneous objects.