cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preliminary evaluation of the pattern cutting and the ligating loop virtual laparoscopic trainers

Introduction The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) trainer is currently the standard for training and evaluating basic laparoscopic skills. However, its manual scoring system is time-consuming and subjective. The Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Skill Trainer (VBLaST©) is the virtual version of the FLS trainer which allows automatic and real time assessment of skill performance, as well as force feedback. In this study, the VBLaST© pattern cutting (VBLaST-PC©) and ligating loop (VBLaST-LL©) tasks were evaluated as part of a validation study. We hypothesized that performance would be similar on the FLS and VBLaST© trainers, and that subjects with more experience would perform better than those with less experience on both trainers.
Vibrationally Resolved Photoelectron Spectra of TiCx- (x = 2−5) Clusters

Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained for the small TiCx- (x = 2−5) clusters. Adiabatic electron affinities (EAs) and low-lying electronic states are measured for the neutral TiCx clusters. While the EAs are similar for the series of clusters, 1.542 eV for TiC2, 1.561 eV for TiC3, 1.494 eV for TiC4, and 1.748 eV for TiC5, the observed ground-state vibrational frequencies decrease for the larger clusters: 560 cm-1 for TiC2, 650 cm-1 for TiC3, 440 cm-1 for TiC4, and 240 cm-1 for TiC5. The results are interpreted using ring-type structures that are known to be the ground-state structure for similar YCx and LaCx clusters. The current results provide the first and only spectroscopic and electronic information that will be valuable to test future theoretical calculations to understand the detailed structure and bonding of these simple titanium carbon clusters.
Kinase Genotype Analysis of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Cytology Samples Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing

Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) usually contain the mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit gene ( KIT ) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor A ( PDGFRA ) mutations that can be targeted by, or mediate resistance to, imatinib. Diagnostic material often is obtained by endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine-needle aspiration, which often is unsuitable for molecular analysis. We investigated whether targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be used in multiplex genotype analysis of cytology samples collected by endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine-needle aspiration. We used the Ion AmpliSeq V2 Cancer Hotspot NGS Panel (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) to identify mutations in more than 2800 exons from 50 cancer-associated genes in GIST samples from 20 patients. We identified KIT mutations in 58% of samples (91% in exon 11 and 9% in exon 17) and PDGFRA mutations in 26% (60% in exon 18 and 40% in exon 12); 16% of samples had no mutations in KIT or PDGFRA. No pathogenic alterations were found in PIK3CA , BRAF , KRAS , NRAS , or FGFR3 . We predicted that 32% of patients would have primary resistance to imatinib, based on mutations in exon 17 of KIT , exon 18 of PDGFRA (D842V), or no mutation in either gene. Targeted NGS of cytology samples from GISTs is feasible and provides clinically relevant data about kinase genotypes that can help guide individualized therapy.
Thin-Film Heterojunction Field-Effect Transistors With Crystalline Si Channels and Low-Temperature PECVD Contacts

Heterojunction field-effect transistor devices with thin-film crystalline silicon channels and gate, source, and drain contacts formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at temperatures 106, pinch-off voltage of approximately -0.6 V, turn-on slope of ~70 mV/decade, and off-current of ~25 fA/μm have been achieved at process temperatures <;200 °C.
Strange-Particle Production by 1.95-BeV/ c π + in Hydrogen

Strange-particle production has been studied in 30 000 pictures taken in the BNL 20-in. hydrogen bubble chamber exposed to a 1.95-BeV/c separated ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ beam. Cross sections are presented and the production of resonant states is discussed. The three-particle final states are dominated by ${{Y}_{1}}^{*}(1385)$, ${K}^{*}(892)$, and ${{N}_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{*}(1688)$. The angular distribution of ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$ in the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}{K}^{+}$ final state is presented, and comparison with a resonance-exchange model is discussed.
Backbone 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of the 39 kDa staphylococcal hemoglobin receptor IsdH.

During infections Stahpylococcus aureus preferentially uses heme as an iron source, which it captures from human hemoglobin using the Iron regulated surface determinant (Isd) system. On the cell surface two related staphylococcal surface receptors called IsdH and IsdB bind to hemoglobin and extract its heme. Both receptors contain multiple NEAr iron Transporter (NEAT) domains that either bind to hemoglobin, or to heme. All previous structural studies have investigated individual NEAT domains and have not explored how the domains might interact with one another to synergistically extract heme from hemoglobin. Here, we report the near complete 1H, 13C and 15N backbone resonance assignments of a bi-domain unit from IsdH that contains the N2 and N3 NEAT domains, which bind to hemoglobin and heme, respectively (IsdHN2N3, residues 326–660, 39 kDa). The assigned backbone resonances lay the foundation for future NMR studies that will explore the molecular basis of IsdH function.
Conditional Posterior Cramér–Rao Lower Bounds for Nonlinear Sequential Bayesian Estimation

The posterior CramerRao lower bound (PCRLB) for sequential Bayesian estimators, which was derived by Tichavsky in 1998, provides a performance bound for a general nonlinear filtering problem. However, it is an offline bound whose corresponding Fisher information matrix (FIM) is obtained by taking the expectation with respect to all the random variables, namely the measurements and the system states. As a result, this unconditional PCRLB is not well suited for adaptive resource management for dynamic systems. The new concept of conditional PCRLB is proposed and derived in this paper, which is dependent on the actual observation data up to the current time, and is implicitly dependent on the underlying system state. Therefore, it is adaptive to the particular realization of the underlying system state and provides a more accurate and effective online indication of the estimation performance than the unconditional PCRLB. Both the exact conditional PCRLB and its recursive evaluation approach including an approximation are derived. Further, a general sequential Monte Carlo solution is proposed to compute the conditional PCRLB recursively for nonlinear non-Gaussian sequential Bayesian estimation problems. The differences between this new bound and existing measurement dependent PCRLBs are investigated and discussed. Illustrative examples are also provided to show the performance of the proposed conditional PCRLB.
A long‐term nutritional study with fresh and mildly oxidized vegetable and animal fats

Fresh and oxidized cotton seed oil (CO) olive oil (OO), chicken fat (CF) and beef fat (BF) were fed to male weanling rats for 33 to 108 weeks. Groups fed oxidized fats except OO showed a higher death rate than those fed the corresponding fresh fats. Groups fed oxidized CO and BF had the highest death rate. Histological studies of animals dying from natural causes showed more pronounced cardiac lesions in the animals fed oxidized CO. Serum, liver and brain cholesterol levels were not influenced by oxidized fats. Fatty acid composition of depot fats and of heart and liver lipids did not show significant differences between groups fed fresh and the corresponding oxidized fats.
Conformational changes in Akt1 activation probed by amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Amide hydrogen exchange coupled to nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-MS) has been used to identify and characterize localized conformational changes of Akt upon activation. Active or inactive Akt was incubated in D(2)O buffer, digested with pepsin, and analyzed by nano-ESI-MS to determine the deuterium incorporation. The hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange profiles revealed that Akt undergoes considerable conformational changes in the core structures of all three individual domains after activation. In the PH domain, four beta-strand (beta1, beta2 beta5 and beta6) regions containing membrane-binding residues displayed higher solvent accessibility in the inactive state, suggesting that the PH domain is readily available for the binding to the plasma membrane for activation. In contrast, these beta-strands became less exposed or more folded in the active form, which is favored for the dissociation of Akt from the membrane. The beginning alpha-helix J region and the C-terminal locus (T450-470P) of the regulatory domain showed less folded structures that probably enable substrate entry. Our data also revealed detailed conformational changes of Akt in the kinase domain due to activation, some of which may be attributed to the interaction of the basic residues with phosphorylation sites. Our H/D exchange results indicating the conformational status of Akt at different activation states provided new insight for the regulation of this critical protein involved in cell survival.
Bounds on mass transport of flow on an inclined plate

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Variationsproblem, welches die Schranken fur den Durchfluss in turbulenter Stromung auf einer geneigten Platte bestimmt, nach Busse [2] abgeleitet. Es wird die symmetrische Natur der Losung des Variationsproblems fur die ebene Poiseuille-Stromung gepruft. Dies zeigt einerseits Ahnlichkeit und andrerseits Unterschiede zwischen dem Problem der ebenen Poiseuille-Stromung und der Stromung auf einer geneigten Platte.
Morphology and Fos immunoreactivity reveal two subpopulations of striatal neurotensin neurons following acute 6-hydroxydopamine lesions and reserpine administration.

Abstract It was previously reported that following striatal dopamine depletion or pharmacological blockade of dopamine neurotransmission, neurotensin immunoreactivity is elicited in at least two distinct subpopulations of striatal neurons ( Neuroscience Vol. 46, pp. 335–350, 1992). Recently it was shown that Fos immunoreactivity, interpreted as an indicator of enhanced neuronal activity, is appreciably co-localized in only one of the subpopulations of neurotensin-immunoreactive neurons observed following blockade of the dopamine D 2 receptor ( Neuroscience Vol. 57, pp. 649–660, 1993). In the present study, similar methods were used to determine the degree of co-localization of Fos and neurotensin immunoreactivity in striatal neurons in response to the dopamine-depleting effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions and reserpine administration. It was observed that following these treatments, a subpopulation of neurons at the small end of the medium size range exhibited light neurotensin immunoreactivity and frequent co-localization with Fos immunoreactivity. This population was predominant after reserpine administration in the dorsolateral quadrant of the striatum. Another subpopulation comprised larger neurons that exhibited intense neurotensin immunoreactivity in perikarya and proximal processes that was rarely co-localized with Fos immunoreactivity. This type of neuron was observed following all the drug treatments but was present almost to the exclusion of the smaller type of cells three days following ventral midbrain 6-hydroxydopamine lesions, being mainly located in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral portions of the striatum. The present data support the results of the preceding studies in being consistent with the existence of two subpopulations of striatal neurons that accumulate neurotensin following dopamine depletion. The possibility is considered that one subpopulation accumulates neurotensin in response to co-ordinate increases in neuronal activity and neurotensin synthesis, and the other as a result of decreased release.
A community-based program to encourage patients' attention to their own diabetes care: pilot development and evaluation.

PurposeThe authors evaluated the ability of a brief educational program to enhance patients’ self-care behavior and their familiarity with the meaning and utility of 5 of the major clinical tests in diabetes (A1C, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, microalbumin, and the dilated eye examination).MethodsAdults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were invited to attend a free, 90-minute, small-group workshop about diabetes care, which included on-site metabolic testing that provided patients with immediate results and personalized feedback to understand those results. In total, 221 individuals with diabetes participated and completed baseline and 3-month follow-up questionnaires.ResultsFrom baseline to 3 months, participants reported significant improvement in following recommendations for meal planning (P < .001), regular exercise (P < .002), and blood glucose monitoring (P < .05) and a significant rise in test awareness for A1C, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and microalbumin (in all c...
Decision Premises and their Implications for Developing Decision-Making Expertise:

The problem and the solution. Decision making is a complex phenomenon, even when studied in relative isolation. Decisionmaker premises that influence the decision-making process are not fully under...
Out of theory and into practice: Supervising library employees

Abstract This article presents the principles of effective supervision of library employees from a practical perspective, rather than taking the theoretical view often found in the literature. Directed to library school students and new library professionals, it covers supervisory expectations, respect, delegation, communication, praise and criticism, accessibility, loyalty and support, confidentiality, and accountability.
On the categoricity of semigroup-theoretical properties

By asemigroup-theoretical property we mean a property of semigroups which is preserved by isomorphism. Such a property iscategorical if it can be expressed in the language of categories: roughly, without using elements. We show that this is always possible with the proviso that in the case of one-sided properties we cannot refer in categorical terms to a specific side. For example, the property of having aleft identity cannot be described categorically in the category of semigroups, since the functor ()op which takes a semigroup into its “opposite” semigroup is a category automorphism. We show that ()op is the only non-trivial automorphism of the category of semigroups (up to natural equivalence of functors). In other words, the “automorphism group” of the category of semigroups has order two.
Equity market response to union decertification petitions and elections

The effect of union decertification elections on the valuation of corporations is examined using a standard event study methodology. Cumulative abnormal daily common stock returns for 203 NYSE and AMEX listed firms are estimated for the day on which a petition for a decertification election is filed and for the day on which the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) certifies the decertification election outcome. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that successful union decertifications increase firm valuation and unsuccessful ones reduce firm valuation. The primary carrier of valuation information is the date the NLRB confirms the decertification election results. The petition file date yields little, if any, information about the firm’s capitalization.
The retinoic acid receptor-α modulators ATRA and Ro415253 reciprocally regulate human IL-5+ Th2 cell proliferation and cytokine expression

Background Th2 cytokine responses are enhanced by all trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the bioavailable form of vitamin A. Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) is the high affinity receptor for ATRA that mediates these pro-Th2 effects. We have previously characterized two major human Th2 subpopulations: IL-5- Th2 (IL-5-, IL-4+, IL-13+) and IL-5+ Th2 cells (IL-5+, IL-4+, IL-13+), which represent less and more highly differentiated Th2 cells, respectively. We hypothesized that the pro-Th2 effects of ATRA may differentially affect these Th2 subpopulations.
Early identification and treatment of eating disorders: prodrome to syndrome.

The onset of eating disorder psychopathology is most common in the adolescent age group. Acute psychopathology or subsyndromal eating disorders are perhaps less intractable in these young patients. Subsyndromal eating disorders in children and adolescents are not only clinically significant in their present state, but may represent legitimate candidates for preventive efforts in light of: (i) a risk of progression from subthreshold anorexia nervosa (SAN) to AN or subthreshold bulimia nervosa (SBN) to BN; (ii) the detrimental effects on outcome of delaying treatment; and (iii) the refractory, severe nature of eating disorders once the diagnostic threshold is crossed. Moreover, children and adolescents with SAN and SBN may in fact be exhibiting early ‘caseness’ of these disorders. Given that AN is notoriously difficult to treat, and there are limited efficacy data for adolescent BN, attempts to disrupt these disorders in what is arguably their early phases is an important goal in preventing more chronic and treatment-resistant forms of these disorders. Future research should address whether the best interventions for SAN and SBN should be derived from the prevention or intervention fields.
A Hamiltonian game on K n,n

Abstract Let Kn,n be the complete bipartite graph of order 2n. Two players, maker and breaker, alternately take previously untaken edges of Kn,n, one edge per move, with the breaker going first. The game ends when all edges of Kn,n have been taken. Then the edges taken by the maker induce a graph G. The maker wants G to have as many edge disjoint Hamilton cycles as possible. We prove that the maker can achieve 1 37 n edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles for large n.
Fresnel arrays for the study of Lamb waves in laser ultrasonics

An experimental technique is proposed to analyze and control laser-generated Lamb waves propagating in aluminum plates. The technique consists in forming on the surface of the specimen an array of concentric arc sources by passing the laser beam through a Fresnel lens. The spacing between the illuminated arcs produces a “forcing wavelength” for which only a few specific frequencies (those which satisfy the dispersion relation) can propagate in the sample. Dispersion curves can be obtained by measuring the frequency content of the received signals for a range of wavenumbers. The technique offers a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio because of the narrow-band nature of the method and because of the confocal geometry of the source distribution. Reasonably good agreement is obtained between theoretical and experimental dispersion curves especially for the lower modes, thus showing that the proposed technique may have some potential for some specific applications in laser ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation.
An inexpensive apparatus for desensitization by recorded tape

Abstract The use of a pair of portable cassette tape recorders for desensitization is described.
Intramolecular Allenolate Acylations in Studies toward a Synthesis of FR182877

During our efforts to synthesize the cytotoxic natural product FR182877, we discovered intramolecular reductive acylations that offer a stereocontrolled alternative to the classical Knoevenagel condensation for the formation of α-alkylidene β-keto-δ-lactones. Other progress toward a synthesis of FR182877 includes a π-allyl Stille coupling and a bromo Horner−Wadsworth−Emmons reaction that forms a 12-membered ring. Structural relationships among FR182877, hexacyclinic acid, macquarimicin A, and cochleamycin A are also discussed.
An infinite class of Z -cyclic whist tournaments on v players, v≡1 mod 4

Abstract In this study we prove the following theorem: Let q be a prime, q ≡ 3 (mod 4), q ⩾ 7. Let pi, i = 1, …, n be primes, pi ≡ 1 (mod 4). If there exists a Z-cyclic whist tournament on q2 players then there exists a Z-cyclic whist tournament on q2pα11 … pαπ1 players for all αi ⩾ 0. A Z-cyclic Wh(49) is exhibited and specific examples are provided for Z-cyclic Wh(49 · pα11 … pαπ1).
Agarose-acrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of proteins

Abstract A new agarose-acrylamide gradient slab gel electrophoresis system is described. The preparation of this new gel has been facilitated by the use of agarose with a relatively low gelation temperature. Fractionation of marker proteins and crosslinked proteins from a subcellular cytoskeletal preparation on agarose-acrylamide gradient gels is compared to that found using other acrylamide gel electrophoresis systems.
Magnetic transitions in FexPd82-xSi18 metallic glasses

Detailed measurements of the magnetization of as-quenched FexPd82−xSi18 metallic glasses are reported for 2 ≦ x ≦ 25 at%. Fe. The measurements are made as a function of temperature (4.2 to 320 K) and magnetic field (0.1 to 9.5 kOe). Ac susceptibility measurements are performed on Fe2Pd80Si18 and Fe5Pd77Si18. The study reveals a gradual transition from spin glass-like (2≦x≦5) to weak ferromagnetic order (x ⪆ 20) at low temperature. The transition extends over a wide range of compositions (7 ⪅ x ⪅ 20). In this intermediate range a weakly ferromagnetic phase sets in above the respective spin glass “freezing” temperature. Fe25Pd57Si18 is weakly ferromagnetic up to room temperature. The magnetic phase diagram of amorphous FexPd82−xSi18 is obtained. Ausfuhrliche Messungen der Magnetisierung von abgeschrechrecktem FexPd82−xSi18-Metallglas werden fur 2 ≦ x ≦ 25 At% Fe mitgeteilt. Die Messungen werden in Abhangigkeit von der Temperatur (4,2 bis 320 K) und vom Magnetfeld (0,1 bis 9,5 kOe) durchgefuhrt. Wechselstrom-Suszeptibilitatsmessungen werden an Fe2Pd80Si18 und Fe5Pd77Si18 ausgefuhrt. Die Untersuchung ergibt einen allmahlichen Ubergang von Spin-Glas-ahnlicher (2 ≦ x ≦ 5) zur schwachen ferromagnetischen Ordnung (x = 20) bei tiefer Temperatur. Der Ubergang erstreckt sich uber einen weiten Bereich der Zusammensetzung (7 ≦ x ≦ 20). In diesem Zwischenbereich setzt eine schwach ferromagnetische Phase oberhalb der betreffenden Spin-Glas-Ausfriertemperatur ein. Fe25Pd57Si18 ist schwach ferromagnetisch bis zu Zimmertemperatur. Von amorphem FexPd82−xSi18 wird das magnetische Phasendiagramm erhalten.
Morphine and shuttle-box self-stimulation in the rat: a model for euphoria

In a shuttle-box self-stimulation paradigm, analgesic doses of morphine increase the amount of time a rat leaves rewarding brain stimulation on, without altering average OFF times. This paradigm may serve as a model for the euphoria induced by narcotic drugs and as a useful tool for evaluating the reinforcing effects of drugs.
“Fitness” behaviors and anthropometric characters for offspring of first-cousin matings

The purpose of this article is to describe a unique inbreeding study and to discuss the effects of first-cousin matings on polygenic, multifactorial characters. Francis Galton collected behavioral and anthropometric data on a large sample of individuals in Victorian England over 100 years ago. These data permit control of possible effects of socioeconomic status bias in inbreeding studies. The measures included variables apparently related to fitness, such as visual and auditory acuity, as well as anthropometric characters. On the average, the mean of the inbred group is one-tenth of a standard deviation lower than the mean of the control group for the behavioral as well as the anthropometric characters. These results are consistent with those of other inbreeding studies of cognitive abilities and birth characteristics. Mean differences of this magnitude are to be expected given a polygenic and multifactorial system of inheritance. Samples greater than 1000 in each group are required to detect such differences reliably at statistically significant levels. It is puzzling that characters which would be assumed to have been subjected to strong directional selection, such as visual and auditory acuity, show no greater inbreeding depression than other characters.
13C NMR spectroscopy of heteroaromatic compounds: A quantitative measure of electron deficiency and excessiveness

A quantitative measure, πΔ, for expressing the π-deficiency and π-excessiveness of heteroaromatic compounds has been developed through 13C NMR chemical shift studies. An example which correlates electrophilic reactivity in π-excessive systems with πΔ of these compounds is given. The following decreasing order of π-excessiveness and increasing π-deficiency of a number of heteroaromatic systems has been established (numbers in parentheses correspond to πΔ): tellurophene (1.83), selenophene (1.43), thiophene (1.35), furan (1.31), benzene (1.00), pyrazine (1.00) pyridine (0.89), pyrimidine (0.77), pyridazine (0.71), 1,2,4-triazine (0.64). These correlations also allow the prediction of 13C chemical shifts in substituted heteroaromatic compounds, where the ratio of the difference between a given substituted heterocyclic compound and its parent, and the identically substituted benzene derivative, has been determined.
Jordan Canonical Form: Theory and Practice

Jordan Canonical Form (JCF) is one of the most important, and useful, concepts in linear algebra. The JCF of a linear transformation, or of a matrix, encodes all of the structural information about that linear transformation, or matrix. This book is a careful development of JCF. After beginning with background material, we introduce Jordan Canonical Form and related notions: eigenvalues, (generalized) eigenvectors, and the characteristic and minimum polynomials. We decide the question of diagonalizability, and prove the Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Then we present a careful and complete proof of the fundamental theorem: Let V be a finite-dimensional vector space over the field of complex numbers C, and let T : V → V be a linear transformation. Then T has a Jordan Canonical Form. This theorem has an equivalent statement in terms of matrices: Let A be a square matrix with complex entries. Then A is similar to a matrix J in Jordan Canonical Form, i.e., there is an invertible matrix P and a matrix J in Jordan Canonical Form with A = PJP-1. We further present an algorithm to find P and J, assuming that one can factor the characteristic polynomial of A. In developing this algorithm we introduce the eigenstructure picture (ESP) of a matrix, a pictorial representation that makes JCF clear. The ESP of A determines J, and a refinement, the labeled eigenstructure picture (lESP) of A, determines P as well. We illustrate this algorithm with copious examples, and provide numerous exercises for the reader.
4D Connected component labelling applied to quantitative analysis of MS lesion temporal development

We have developed a 4D connected component labeling algorithm to identify automatically individual lesions on MRI brain images of multiple sclerosis patients, and to follow the changes in each lesion over time. We were also able to use this algorithm as a noise reduction filter to remove misclassified components from the binarized segmentations of the images.
JUDGMENTS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SPEAKERS IN A NATURAL STRESS SITUATION

This paper describes two related studies. The general hypothesis was that the rhythmic patterning of dialogue is related to how onlookers perceive certain psychological characteristics of the speakers. The experimental procedures in both studies involved evaluation by independent observers of the “credibility” of participants. In the first study 30 female college students were assigned to two conditions; each subject was either to read or to listen to monologues and dialogues (between senators and witnesses) from the “Watergate” hearings. There were significant differences in student ratings between listening and reading conditions for witnesses engaged in dialogues. In the second study 53 male and female subjects listened to tapes or read transcripts of dialogue from four senator-witness pairs. As in Study 1 subjects rated witnesses on a number of dimensions including credibility. Non-lexical qualities of speech in the taped dialogues were analyzed using a PDP-12 computer and these data were correlated w...
Interaction of Syndecan and α6β4 Integrin Cytoplasmic Domains: REGULATION OF ErbB2-MEDIATED INTEGRIN ACTIVATION*

The α6β4 integrin is a laminin 332 (LN332) receptor central to the formation of hemidesmosomes in epithelial layers. However, the integrin becomes phosphorylated by keratinocytes responding to epidermal growth factor in skin wounds or by squamous cell carcinomas that overexpress/hyperactivate the tyrosine kinase ErbB2, epidermal growth factor receptor, or c-Met. We show here that the β4-dependent signaling in A431 human squamous carcinoma cells is dependent on the syndecan family of matrix receptors. Yeast two-hybrid analysis identifies an interaction within the distal third (amino acids 1473–1752) of the β4 cytoplasmic domain and the conserved C2 region of the syndecan cytoplasmic domain. Via its C2 region, Sdc1 forms a complex with the α6β4 integrin along with the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 and the cytoplasmic kinase Fyn in A431 cells. Engagement of LN332 or clustering of the α6β4 integrin with integrin-specific antibodies causes phosphorylation of ErbB2, Fyn, and the β4 subunit as well as activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt and their assimilation into this complex. This leads to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent cell spreading and Akt-dependent protection from apoptosis. This is disrupted by RNA interference silencing of Sdc1 but can be rescued by mouse Sdc1 or Sdc4 but not by syndecan mutants lacking their C-terminal C2 region. This disruption does not prevent the phosphorylation of ErbB2 or Fyn but blocks the Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of the β4 tail. We propose that syndecans engage the distal region of the β4 cytoplasmic domain and bring it to the plasma membrane, where it can be acted upon by Src family kinases.
High-resolution short-wave infrared spectrograph optics

An optical system for a high-resolution short-wave IR (SWIR) spectrograph to be employed in remote sensing applications is de- scribed. The instrument covers the spectral range from 1200 to 2400 nm and images a 9.4-deg line object onto a 2-D PtSi sensor. Spatial and spectral resolution requirements were set at 0.33 mrad and 10 nm, re- spectively. While signal strength calculations indicated that an aperture equivalent to f/1.8 would be adequate, because of the anticipated lower signal levels at the long-wavelength end, special attention was paid in the antireflection coating design stage to partially compensate for the large discrepancy in signal strengths found across the spectral range.
The Variation with Depth of certain Salts Utilised in Plant Growth in the Sea

DR. STANLEY KEMP and the scientific staff of the R.R.S. Discovery have been good enough to provide us with water samples which have rendered it possible to obtain information, long considered desirable, as to how far the depths of the oceans act as reservoirs of salts necessary for plant growth. The samples also enable a comparison to be made between the concentration gradient found in these and in more southerly latitudes, between Lisbon and the Canary Isles.
The synthesis of (+)- and (−)-1-benzoyl-1,2,2a,3,4,5-hexahydrobenz[cd]indol-4-amine, and preparation of LY228729.

Abstract Racemic epoxide5 was reacted with S-Phenylethylamine to afford diastereomers6 and7, from which amino alcohol6 could be isolated directly. Aziridine formation and tandem-hydrogenolysis provided optically pure primary amine2 (31% from racemic4), which was further elaborated to LY228729 (15), an interesting 5HT1a receptor agonist.
The axial current in dimensional regularization

Abstract We show that a fully anticommuting γ5 is a correct and natural prescription for the dimensional regularization of one fermion loop graphs in spontaneously broken gauge theories. Other prescriptions introduce spurious anomalies into Ward identities which are actually anomly free. Our prescription is correct even though no such γ5 exists: it cannot exist precisely because of the familiar chiral anomaly.
t‐[35S]Butylbicyclophosphorothionate Binding Sites in Invertebrate Tissues

Specific high affinity binding of the cage convulsant t-[35S]butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) was observed in membrane homogenates of housefly heads and crayfish abdominal muscles. [35S]TBPS binding in these two invertebrate tissues was inhibited by biologically active cage convulsants, picrotoxin analogs, and barbiturates. The housefly binding sites were inhibited most potently by several insecticides. Approximately 50% of total binding was displaceable by excess (0.1 mM) nonradioactive TBPS, picrotoxinin, ethyl bicyclophosphate, or dieldrin. Optimal binding assay conditions for housefly homogenates included pH 7.5, 22 degrees C temperature, 0.3 M chloride concentration, and incubation for 60 min; for crayfish homogenates, 4 degrees C temperature and 150-min incubations were optimal. Scatchard plots of equilibrium binding indicated one site in both tissues (KD = 50 nM, Bmax = 250 fmol/mg protein in housefly; KD = 25 nM, Bmax = 100 fmol/mg protein in crayfish). Association kinetics in housefly were consistent with one rate constant (k+1 = 8 X 10(6) M-1 min-1), but dissociation was described better by two rate constants (k-1 = 0.28 min-1 and 0.042 min-1; calculated KD values of 80 nM and 12 nM). Displacement by cage convulsants showed Hill numbers near 0.5, also consistent with two populations of affinity, while displacement by other drugs showed Hill numbers near 1.0. [35S]TBPS binding in insects was most potently inhibited by the insecticides dieldrin (IC50 = 50 nM), aldrin, and lindane (200 nM), in a stereospecific manner, consistent with this binding site being the receptor for biological toxicity. [35S]TBPS binding was also inhibited by relatively high concentrations of some pyrethroid insecticides, such as deltamethrin and cypermethrin (1-2 microM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Self-consistent-field studies of core-level shifts in ionic crystals. II. MgO and BeO.

We have performed restricted Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field calculations on BeO and MgO clusters embedded in a point-charge field (chosen to represent the Madelung field in BeO and MgO crystals) in order to understand better the role of the many contributory shifts to the ionization potentials which occur for atoms in polar crystals. We find that core levels on the anion shift less than would be expected by Madelung-potential arguments alone. The reasons for this are discussed. Furthermore, the O(1s)--valence-band energy separation is found to be extremely similar in BeO and MgO (as is found experimentally) and this allows an explanation of the experimental observation that the O(1s) binding energy is approximately constant in many oxides. We also calculate relaxation energies, effective orbital sizes, and shakeup probabilities.
Regulation of protein kinase Cδ downregulation by protein kinase Cε and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of PKCs can regulate their activity, stability and function. We have previously shown that downregulation of PKCδ by tumor promoting phorbol esters was compromised when HeLa cells acquired resistance to cisplatin (HeLa/CP). In the present study, we have used these cells to understand the mechanism of PKCδ downregulation. A brief treatment of HeLa cells with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) induced phosphorylation of PKCδ at the activation loop (Thr505), turn motif (Ser643), hydrophobic motif (Ser662) and Tyr-311 sites to a greater extent in HeLa/CP cells compared to HeLa cells. Prolonged treatment with PDBu led to downregulation of PKCδ in HeLa but not in HeLa/CP cells. The PKC inhibitor Go 6983 inhibited PDBu-induced downregulation of PKCδ, decreased Thr505 phosphorylation and increased PKCδ tyrosine phosphorylation at Tyr-311 site. However, knockdown of c-Abl, c-Src, Fyn and Lyn had little effect on PKCδ downregulation and Tyr311 phosphorylation. Pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor Ly294002 and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin restored the ability of PDBu to downregulate PKCδ in HeLa/CP cells. Knockdown of mTOR and rictor but not raptor facilitated PKCδ downregulation. Depletion of PKCe also enhanced PKCδ downregulation by PDBu. These results suggest that downregulation of PKCδ is regulated by PKCe and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2).
Atlantic hurricane risks: preparing for the plausible.

A more robust decision making procedure must be established to best prepare for unknown severity and frequency of hurricanes.
Design for Double Rainbow

Rare is the inspirational, spontaneous, transformative moment shared among 20 million people. In the summer of 2010, people around the world were moved by the sighting of a double rainbow—almost a ...
Plasmacytoma—a rare sternal tumor

A 78-year-old male presented with a progressively growing, painless chest mass. It was firm, lobulated and fixed to the underlying xiphoid process. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an 8.6 × 8.4 × 6.3 cm subcutaneous soft tissue mass involving the lower sternum and xiphoid process (Figure 1). The patient underwent hemisternectomy and resection of the tumor and during surgery, the tumor was found to invade the anterior wall of the right ventricle. …
FLOWS WITH CROSS SECTIONS

Abstract Let M be a compact connected C∞-manifold, of dimension n, without boundary. Let ft: M → M be a Cr-flow with cross section. Let Dr(M) be the topological group of diffeomorphisms of M with Cr-topology (1 ≤ r ≤ ∞) and let Dor(M) be its connected component of the identity. Let [unk](M) be the group of I-cobordism classes in Dr(M) generated by orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms. For feDr(M) denote by [f] its I-cobordism class. Theorem 1 deals with the dependence of M(f) on [f]. Theorem 2: S6 × S1 has at least 28 distinct differentiable structures. Let xoeS1 and let [unk]r be the set of Cr-flows (r ≥ 1) in M × S1 with cross section M × {xo} and inducing in it the identity. Theorem 3: Intuitively to a loop in Dor based at the identity there corresponds a flow in [unk]r, and to homotopic loops correspond isotopic flows. COROLLARY. complete analysis of [unk]r/ [unk] for dim M = 2. Theorems 4 and 5 refer to Anosov flows for dim M > 3.
Amyloidosis and renal lesion induced in mice by injection with Freund-type of adjuvant.

SummaryA method has been described for the induction of amyloidosis in mice by injection of the Freund-type adjuvant. The M. butyricum, or oil and emulsifying agent alone were not effective. M. butyricum with either the oil or emulsifying agent was capable of inducing amyloid. N. asteroides or Group A streptococci could be substituted for M. butyricum but the incidence of amyloidosis was less. The present method, as compared with previous ones, requires fewer injections, and it produces a higher incidence of amyloidosis in a shorter time.
Mitral stenosis: An experimental study of pulmonary-azygos venous anastomosis

Abstract 1. 1. The possibility of the creation of a venous shunt between the pulmonary vein and the superior vena cava by the use of a proximal segment of the azygos vein in patients with mitral stenosis and pulmonary venous hypertension is suggested. The effect upon cardiovascular hemodynamics of such a procedure remains to be investigated. 2. 2. That such a shunt is technically feasible in dogs by means of an end-to-end anastomosis of the azygos and pulmonary veins, using a Vitallium tube, has been demonstrated. 3. 3. In the presence of a pressure gradient such a shunt is well tolerated in normal animals and remains widely patent.
Renal handling of silicon in normals and patients with renal insufficiency

Renal handling of silicon in normals and patients with renal insufficiency. We have compared the renal handling of silicon in 16 patients with renal insufficiency to 14 normal individuals. Silicon, phosphate and creatinine were measured in plasma and urine samples. The renal insufficiency group showed significant increases in plasma silicon (1.28 ± 0.19 vs. 0.17 ± 0.03 mg/liter), creatinine (5.19 ± 0.85 vs. 0.89 ± 0.03 mg/dl) and phosphate (1.33 ± 0.11 vs. 1.07 ± 0.4 mmol/liter). Fractional phosphate excretion was increased in the renal insufficiency group (0.55 ± 0.07 vs. 0.14 ± 0.01). In contrast, the fractional excretion of ultrafiltrable silicon was not significantly different between groups (0.78 ± 0.07 vs. 0.87 ± 0.06). It is concluded that renal insufficiency does not alter the tubular handling of silicon and that regulatory control of silicon excretion is unlikely.
Joint analysis of three U.S. community intervention trials for reduction of cardiovascular disease risk

During the 1980s three comprehensive community-based heart disease prevention trials were conducted in the United States. The Stanford Five-City Project, Minnesota Heart Health Program, and Paw- tucket Heart Health Program involved 12 cities; six received a 5-8 year multifactorial risk reduction program. This analysis pools data from the three studies to delineate the common intervention effects with greater sample size and power than could be attained by the single studies. Time trends were estimated for cigarette smoking, blood pressure, total cholesterol, body mass index, and coronary heart disease mortality risk in women and men aged 25-64 years. The joint estimates of intervention effect were in the expected direction in nine of 12 gender- specific comparisons; however, these were not statistically significant. The results illustrate the analytic chal- lenges of evaluating community-based prevention trials and point to the smaller than expected net differences, rather than small sample size, as the reason for few statistically significant effects in the three U.S. prevention trials. I CLIN EPIDEMIOL 50:6:645-658. 1997. 0 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.
Identification of ecto-PKC on surface of human platelets: role in maintenance of latent fibrinogen receptors.

Human platelets express a protein phosphorylation system on their surface. A specific protein kinase C (PKC) antibody, monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1.9, which binds to the catalytic domain of PKC and ...
Orbital lymphoproliferative tumors: analysis of clinical features and systemic involvement in 160 cases

Objective: To evaluate the risk for systemic lymphoma (SL) in the patients with orbital lymphoproliferative tumor (OLT). Design: Observational, retrospective case series. Participants: One hundred sixty consecutive cases with OLT. Methods: Clinical features and treatment method were collected retrospectively. Data from 106 patients without systemic disease at presentation were analyzed for their impact on the main outcome measure using univariate and multivariate regression models. Main Outcome Measure: Occurrence of SL diagnosed based on the 6 monthly systemic evaluation. Results: Of 106 patients with OLT alone, SL subsequently developed in 16% of patients and 84% patients remained free of SL. Of 17 patients in whom SL developed subsequently, 29% had marginal zone, B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), 24% had small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), 24% had atypical lymphoid hyperplasia (ALH), 6% each had mantle cell, follicular, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLCL). In these 17 patients, systemic disease appeared after a mean interval of 152 months, and the involved systemic sites were abdominal lymph nodes (LN) in 44% patients, pelvic LN in 40%, and head and neck LN in 31%. Of 17 patients, 53% had the same SL classification with orbital tumor and 47% had a different SL classification. Among 8 patients with different systemic and orbital lymphoma classifications, systemic SLL developed in 4 patients with orbital ALH and in 2 patients with MALT. Two patients with orbital SLL manifested systemic DLCL. Using Kaplan-Meier estimates of 106 OLT patients without systemic involvement, SL developed in 14% at 3 years, in 17% at 5 years, and in 33% at 10 years. Using Kaplan-Meier estimates of 24 patients with bilateral OLT alone, SL developed in 18% at 3 years, in 29% at 5 years, and in 72% at 10 years. In 82 patients with unilateral OLT alone, SL developed in 12% at 3, 5, and 10 years. Multivariate analysis showed that bilateral involvement at presentation was the only significant factor predictive of SL. Conclusions: In patients with OLT alone at presentation, SL eventually developed in 33% by 10 years in this retrospective case series. Classification of SL can be the same or different from OLT. Development of SL is significantly associated with bilateral involvement. Financial Disclosure(s): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. Ophthalmology 2008;115:1626–1631 © 2008 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Profiling video to visual track for preview

Video indexing is important to video browsing, editing, retrieval, and summarization. This work takes a new aspect view to profile a video volume to a visual track and create a digest of video for preview. Our projected profile of video contains spatial and temporal information inclusively in a 2D image scroll that is continuous, scalable, and indexing to frames. We analyze the camera kinematics including zoom, translation and rotation, and categorize camera works for profiling various types of video. The key idea is to use a sampling line to sweep the video volume across the major optical flow so as to obtain an intrinsic scene space that is less influenced by the camera motion. We also use motion blur technique to render dynamic targets in the profile. The resulting video track can provide a video preview for guiding the access to the frames. It will facilitate video surveillance, visual archiving of environment, video retrieval, and video editing.
Influence of drive cycle length during programmed stimulation on induction of ventricular arrhythmias: analysis of 403 patients.

Abstract The drive cycle length at which programmed ventricular stimulation is performed is a fundamental variable in all stimulation protocols, but the influence of this variable on the ability to induce ventricular arrhythmias has not been systematically analyzed. This study, which included 403 patients with prior ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation undergoing programmed ventricular stimulation with a uniform protocol that incorporated 3 basic drive cycle lengths from the right ventricular apex, was performed to examine the influence of drive cycle length on the induction of ventricular arrhythmias. The sensitivity of the protocol was 62% for nonsustained VT, 73% for ventricular fibrillation and 89% for sustained VT. Fifty-four percent (217 patients) had an arrhythmia induced with programmed ventricular stimulation during ventricular pacing. No arrhythmia was induced in 96 patients (24%), whereas induction was accomplished during sinus rhythm in 61 patients (15%) and rapid ventricular pacing in 29 patients (7 %). With this protocol, the sensitivity for single and double extra-stimuli during ventricular pacing increases using decremental drive cycle lengths. Although only 2 patients had induction of a ventricular arrhythmia at a drive cycle length of 700 to 650 ms using a single extrastimulus, 14, 8 and 3 patients had ventricular arrhythmias induced by single extrastimuli at drive cycle lengths of 600 to 550, 500 to 450 and 400 ms, respectively. Of 163 patients with arrhythmias induced with double extrastimuli, only 6 had an arrhythmia induced at drive cycle lengths of 700 to 650 ms. In contrast, 58, 61 and 38 patients had arrhythmia induction with double extrastimuli at drive cycle lengths of 600 to 550, 500 to 450 and 400 ms, respectively. Multiple drive cycle lengths over a range of at least 200 ms should be used with single and double extrastimuli before progressing to more provocative and less specific modes of stimulation.