cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Validation of near infrared spectroscopy to measure abdominal somatic tissue oxygen saturation in neonates

Objective In this study, we validated the use of the FORE-SIGHT® (CAS Medical Systems, Branford, CT USA) tissue oximeter monitor on abdominal tissue oxygenation in infants ≤4 kg using a stool-interference compensation algorithm. Study design A total of 40 neonates with an umbilical venous catheter (UVC) were enrolled in this study. We measured abdominal tissue saturation (StO2) values using FORE-SIGHT, and compared to a Reference StO2 value derived from weighted co-oximetry values from the UVC and pulse oximeter measurements. Results There was a strong correlation between NIRS calculated StO2 measurements when compared with the reference StO2, with an overall bias (sd) of -0.77 (5.06)% and a concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.789. Conclusion Data from this validation study suggest that the FORE-SIGHT monitor, which compensates for the optical properties of stools in neonates, can yield accurate measures of abdominal tissue oxygen saturation.
Relationship of prevalence of non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus to Amerindian admixture in the Mexican Americans of San Antonio, Texas

A genetic and epidemiological survey of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was conducted among the Mexican Americans residing in three socioeconomically distinct areas of San Antonio, Texas: a low socioeconomic (SES) traditional area (barrio), a middle SES, ethnically balanced area (transitional), and a high SES, predominantly Anglo area (suburb). Seventeen polymorphic markers were used to relate the prevalences of NIDDM with the extent of Amerindian ancestry of 1,237 Mexican Americans of these three residential areas. While only the RH and haptoglobin loci showed evidence of association with NIDDM, an admixture analysis of the combined allele frequency data revealed a pattern of decreasing NIDDM prevalence with increasing socioeconomic status (as approximated by neighborhood of residence) and a parallel decrease in Amerindian ancestry. The rank-order correlation between NIDDM prevalence and Amerindian admixture is 0.943 (P less than .001) for the crude prevalence rate and 0.829 (P less than .02) for the age-adjusted rate. Nested gene diversity analysis revealed that the heterogeneity of allele frequencies is more pronounced when individuals were classified by their NIDDM disease status as compared to the classification by neighborhood. Estimation of Amerindian ancestry of each individual did not reveal any significant change in the shape of the distributions of individual admixture proportions in diabetics as compared to the controls. Nevertheless, the results suggest that genetic factors partially explain the differences in NIDDM prevalence observed between the Mexican American and Anglo populations in the southwestern United States.
“Internal pKa's” in Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: Coupling Protons and Salt

In situ UV−vis absorption spectroscopy is used to probe the extent of dissociation of a weak polycarboxylic acid incorporated within a polyelectrolyte multilayer. The effective acid dissociation constant is shown to depend on the nature of the multilayer. Salt counterion and proton populations within the multilayer are shown to be coupled, leading to a quantitative relationship between polyelectrolyte acidity and salt within these reluctant exchangers.
Smooth indentation of an initially stressed orthotropic beam

The contact behavior between a smooth rigid cylinder and a simply supported orthotropic beam under uniaxial initial stresses is studied. The displacements are computed by superposing Mindlin plate solution with the solution obtained from Biot's theory of incremental deformation. Finite Fourier transforms are used in solving the equations. A point matching technique is used to compute the contact stresses and the amount of indentation for a given contact length. The effects of orthotropy and initial stresses on the contact stress distribution are investigated. An indentation law is established from the numerical results.
169 REPETITIVE RESPONSES DURING VENTRICULAR STIMULATION IN CHILDREN

Repetitive ventricular responses (RVR) to ventricular extrastimulus (VES) can result from either bundle branch reentry (BBR) or intraventricular reentry (IVR). BBR was diagnosed by electro-physiologic studies (EP) when 1) QRS configuration of RVR on the surface ECG resembled that of the paced beat from right ventricular apex (RVA), 2) the reentrant beat had a left bundle branch block pattern, and 3) a His bundle or right bundle deflection preceded the RVR. BBR was initiated by VES during programmed stimulation of RVA in 9 of 98 (9%) children (ages 8 months - 18 yrs) with heart defects. BBR occurred in 5 of 59 (8.4%) preoperative and 4 of 39 (10.2%) postoperative patients (pts). IVR was defined electrophysiologically by 1) QRS configuration of RVR on the surface ECG different from that of the RVA paced beat, 2) right bundle branch block type of reentrant beat and 3) absent His bundle or right bundle deflection preceding the reentrant beat. IVR occurred in 2 of 39 postoperative pts (2-10 yrs after surgery) who did not have ventricular arrhythmias. Sustained ventricular tachycardia was not induced by VES in any of our patients. Thus, BBR is a common mechanism for RVR and may represent a physiologic response of the His-Purkinje system. In contradistinction, RVR are infrequently caused by IVR. The risk of ventricular arrhythmias or sudden death in pts with IVR needs further elucidation.
Promoting Systematic Information Processing in the Classroom

This article describes a strategy for sustaining students' attention and systematic information processing. The instructor imbeds an absurdity, called a norm of ridiculosity quotient (NORQ), into the daily presentation for students to detect. The logistics and implications of implementing the NORQ exercise in an advanced seminar class of 18 students are discussed. Pedagogical benefits of the strategy are also considered.
Synthesis, characterization and biodistribution of a new hexadentate aminethiol ligand labeled with Tc-99m.

Abstract A new hexadentate aminethiol ligand (TACNS) derived from triazacyclononane was synthesized and characterized for the development of technetium radiopharmaceuticals. The ligand formed a neutral, lipophilic and stable complex with [99mTc]pertechnetate in the presence of tin(II)tartarate as a reducing agent. The biodistribution of [99mTc]TACNS indicates slight uptake in brain (0.23% ID/organ at 5 min) with a washout at 30 min to 0.14% ID/organ. A small uptake in heart (0.48% ID at 5 min) was also observed. The characterization of [99mTc]TACNS complex using single crystal x-ray analysis and mass spectroscopy has shown that an Sn-N3S3 complex was formed in which tin is oxidized from Sn(II) to Sn(IV). Pertechnetate was incorporated into the complex as counter anion. The nature of the species formed with Tc-99 and “no-carrier-added” [99mTc]pertechnetate is different as confirmed by ratio TLC. From these results, it is demonstrated that sometimes it may be difficult to predict the structure of new technetium radiopharmaceuticals, especially when stannous ion is used as a reducing agent. Moreover, the nature of the chemical species may not be the same at millimolar and at nanomolar levels.
The Global News and the Pictures in Their Heads A Comparative Analysis of Audience Interest, Editor Perceptions and Newspaper Coverage

/ News as a special kind of social product requires something to have taken place in the first place, to be captured by news people and published by the media, and ultimately to be consumed by the ...
Crystals and quasicrystals: A lattice gas model

Abstract We give an example of a lattice gas model with a completely symmetric, short-range, two-body interaction which has quasiperiodic, but no periodic, ground states.
Simulation of Vehicle Pass-by Noise Radiation

This paper presents an extended Kirchhoff integral formulation for predicting sound radiation from an arbitrarily shaped vibrating structure moving along an infinite baffle. In deriving this formulation, the effect of sound reflection from the baffle is taken into account by using the image source theory. Moreover, the effect of source convection motion and that of motion-induced fluid-structure interaction at the interface on the resulting acoustic pressure field are considered. The formulation thus derived is used to calculate sound radiation from a simplified vehicle model cruising along a solid ground at constant speeds. Since analytical and benchmark numerical solutions for an arbitrarily shaped vibrating object in motion are not available, validations of numerical results are made with respect to those of point source. Next, sound radiation from a full-size vehicle is simulated. For simplicity, the vehicle is assumed to be made of shell-type structure and excited by harmonic forces acting on its four tires. Vibration responses subject to these excitations are calculated using finite element method (FEM) with HyperMesh® version 2.0 as pre- and post-processors. Once the normal component of the surface velocity is specified, the radiated acoustic pressure fields are determined using boundary element method (BEM). Numerical results show that the effect of source convection motion enhances sound radiation in the forward direction, but reduces that in the rearward direction. Changes in the resulting sound pressure fields become obvious when the Mach number exceeds 0.1, or equivalently, when a vehicle cruises at 70 mph or higher.
Variation of Selected Factors from the Anterior to Posterior of Pork Loin

SUMMARY— Data from three experiments suggest that designs for studies using pork loin should consider variations within the loin from the 4th rib to the anterior end of the hip bone.' Of the factors measured on anterior, middle, and posterior sections in the loin, only tenderness and flavor of the LD were similar for all three sections in all three experiments. The middle section lost less weight during cooking, produced the most press fluid, and was the least tender in all experiments. The anterior section required significantly longer total cooking time than middle or posterior sections, whereas there was no factor in which the posterior section usually differed from the other two sections.
Successful treatment of placental choriocarcinoma metastatic to brain followed by primary brain glioblastoma

Abstract A 17-year-old patient was found to have metastatic choriocarcinoma to the brain and lungs while pregnant. A primary lesion was found in the placenta. Complete remission was obtained with combination chemotherapy and whole brain radiation therapy. Subsequently, the patient delivered two normal infants. Six years after therapy she developed two foci of glioblastoma in the contralateral cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres.
A parametric model of alternative file structures

Abstract Two parameters which succinctly categorize alternative storage structures are identified. A space of alternative file structures is described by these parameters; standard file structures represent extreme points in this space. The relation of this model to a more traditional list structured model is analyzed. The use of the model in performance estimation is discussed.
Developing Critical Pathways for the Operating Room

Case management and managed care systems are emerging in the 1990s as ways to deliver quality, cost effective patient cae. The essential tool of managed care systems is a critical pathway, which is developed through the collaboration of health care team members. The critical pathway is an abbreviated version of the patients hospital course according to his or her medical diagnosis or case type and it allows health care team members to continually evaluate the patients care. It has helped team members at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, identify more effective and cost-efficient ways to deliver patient care.
Dominance, sex, and leader emergence

A 3×2×2 incomplete factorial design was employed to test the effects of sex, dominance, and their interaction on leader emergence. The factors included dominance distribution (high/high, high/low, middle/middle), sex (male-female), and dyad composition (mixed sex-same sex). The subjects were all Caucasians and were pretested on the California Psychological Inventory Dominance Scale. The data revealed that dominance was a predictor of leader emergence in same-sex conditions where high-dominant individuals assumed the role of leader in much greater proportions than their low-dominant partners. In mixed-sex dyads, sex appeared to be a more potent predictor with males becoming leaders at levels greater than would be suspected given dominance levels.
Oral formulation of a novel antiviral agent, PG301029, in a mixture of gelucire 44/14 and DMA (2:1, wt/wt).

To develop an oral formulation for PG301029, a novel potent agent for the treatment of Hepatitis C virus infection, that not only has very low aqueous solubility but also degrades rapidly in water. The solubility of PG301029 was determined in water, various aqueous media, and several neat organic solvents. The stability of PG301029 was monitored at room temperature in buffess for 4 days, and in several neat organic solvents for up to 8 mo. Drug concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Based on solubility and stability data, Gelucire 44/14 and DMA (N,N-dimethylacetamide) at a weight ratio of 2 to 1 were chosen as the formulation vehicle. After the vehicle was prepared, it was maintained in liquid form at ∼40°C until the PG301029 was dissolved. The final formulation product was a semisolid at room temperature. The bioavailability of the formulation was tested on 4 female BALB/c mice. PG301029 is insoluble in all tested aqueous media, while its solubility is promising in DMA. This compound is unstable in aqueous media and some organic solvents; however, it is stable in DMA. This proposed formulation is able to hold up to 10 mg/mL of drug and is stable at 4°C. The shelf life for this formulation stored at 4°C is extrapolated to be greater than 4 years. This formulation dramatically increases the bioavailability of PG301029. This nonaqueous formulation solves the stability, solubility, and bioavailability problems for PG301029. This semisolid formulation can easily be incorporated into soft elastic capsules.
The effect of two-zone concentric bifocal spectacle lenses on refractive error development and eye growth in young chicks.

Purpose To characterize the effects on refractive error development and eye growth in young chicks of two-zone concentric lens designs, which differentially affect the defocus experiences of central and peripheral retinal regions. Methods Monocular defocusing lenses were worn for 5 days from 17 days of age. Four two-zone concentric lens designs (overall optical zone diameter, 10 mm) combining plano with either -5- or +5-D power were used. Lens designs were as follows: (1) +5 D center (+5C), (2) +5 D periphery (+5P), (3) -5 D center (-5C), and (4) -5 D peripheral (-5P), with plano in periphery for all C-designs and in the center for P-designs. Five central zone diameters (CZDs) were tested, ranging from 2.5 to 6.5 mm in 1-mm increments. Plano, +5- and -5-D single-vision (SV) lenses were used as the control. A minimum of six birds were included in each lens group. Results For the two-zone lenses, the P designs (i.e., peripheral defocus) had greater effects than the C designs (i.e., central defocus) on both on-axis eye growth and refractions. All but the 6.5-mm CZD +5P lens induced larger changes than the +5SV lens. The +5C lenses with CZD less than 5.5 mm had little effect. The two-zone -5-D lenses had less effect than the -5SV lens, and only the 6.5-mm CZD lens of the -5C series had a significant effect. Conclusions The results demonstrate that peripheral defocus can influence both peripheral and central refractive development. The inhibitory effect on axial eye growth of the +5P lenses opens the possibility that appropriately designed concentric lenses may control the progression of human myopia.
Oligocene age of the Gebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum, Egypt

Abstract Sea level sequence stratigraphy is especially valuable for correlating marine stages on passively subsiding continental margins. The continental Gebel Qatrani Formation in Egypt is separated from the underlying marine Qasr el-Sagha Formation by a major unconformity with a minimum of 76 m of section missing due to erosion and/or non-deposition. This unconformity is constrained by Priabonian planktonic foraminifera in the Gehannam Formation to be younger than early late Eocene and it is constrained by radiometric ages and a great thickness of Gebel Qatrani Formation to be older than late Oligocene. The only "type-1" sequence boundary within these age constraints that involved a low enough sea stand to explain the unconformity was at the Priabonian-Rupelian (Eocene-Oligocene) boundary, which means that the Gebel Qatrani Formation is entirely Oligocene in age. This corroborates earlier age assignments based on invertebrate and vertebrate faunal succession and it is consistent with new paleomagnetic evidence. The Gebel Qatrani Formation has yielded the earliest primates of anthropoid grade and the evolutionary emergence of higher primates may be related to profound environmental change during the Eocene-Oligocene transition.
THE RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF HIGH-ENERGY ACCELERATORS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

The potential radiological impact of high-energy, high-intensity accelerators in the environment is discussed. It is shown that there are three sources of radiation exposure to the general public resulting from the operation of high-energy accelerators. In order of importance these are (a) the prompt radiation field, produced when the accelerator is operating; (b) the release of radionuclides and aerosols into the atmosphere; and (c) the production of radionuclides in the groundwater system around the accelerator. Of these three sources, (a) is dominant and typically exceeds (b) by about an order of magnitude. To date, experience at many accelerator laboratories has shown that the quantity of accelerator-produced radionuclides released to nearby groundwater systems (c) is either extremely small or immeasurable. The population dose equivalent resulting from the operation of several large high-energy facilities is compared.
Clinical outcomes and graft characteristics in pediatric matched sibling donor transplants using granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐primed bone marrow and steady‐state bone marrow

Matched sibling donor (MSD) transplant is a life-saving procedure for children with various hematological malignancies and non-malignancies. Traditionally, steady-state bone marrow (S-BM) has been used as the source of stem cells. More recently, peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) after granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilization has gained popularity. Adult studies of G-CSF-primed BM (G-BM) have shown that it produces rapid white blood cell engraftment like PBSC, but with less chronic graft-vs.-host disease. No such study has been published in pediatric patients. We conducted a pilot clinical trial of G-BM for pediatric patients. Ten patients were enrolled and were compared to a contemporaneous group of 12 patients who received S-BM. Patients in the G-BM group received a higher dose of total nucleated cells/kg (7.01 vs. 3.76 x 10 8 , p = 0.0009), higher granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM)/kg (7.19 vs. 3.53 x 10 5 , p = 0.01) and had shorter inpatient length of stay (28 vs. 40 days, p = 0.04). The engraftment, transfusion requirement and disease-free survival between the two groups were similar. We concluded that G-BM should be considered as an alternative graft source to S-BM, with the benefits of larger graft cell dose, higher CFU-GM dose and shorter length of stay.
Ultrathin layer convolution

Abstract Ultrathin layers are defined as thin layers which are sufficiently thin that no concentration gradients are established within the layer on the time scale of a voltammetric measurement. Mathematically, ultrathin layers are characterized by ordinary differential equations in time. These equations are simpler to solve than the space and time dependent partial differential equations which describe all other electrode geometries. In this paper, a method is presented which capitalizes on the mathematical simplicity of the ultrathin layer to model any arbitrary, parameterizable electrode geometry. Laplace transforms are used to find an integral relationship between the current response of the modeled geometry and the ultrathin layer current. The integral relationship can be evaluated either analytically or numerically. Any voltammetric perturbation, under either Nernstian or mass transport-controlled conditions, can be modeled. The method is demonstrated for both planar and spherical electrodes. Cyclic voltammetric responses are modeled numerically and potential step responses are modeled analytically. It is also shown that for cyclic voltammetric perturbations, the current-voltage curves for the following systems have the same functional form. That is, the curves are identical within known multiplicative constants. The functionally equivalent responses are for (1) radial diffusion to a point electrode (the polarographic curve), (2) convective transport to a rotating disk, (3) the integral of the ultrathin layer response, and (4) the convolution or semi-integration of the response for linear diffusion to a planar electrode.
Comparative carcinogenicity of some derivatives of nitrosodi-n-propylamine in rats.

It was suggested some years ago that t-oxidation of nitrosodi-n-propylamine might play a part in the carcinogenic action of this compound (Pour et aL, 1975). So far there has been no indication that this is so from the tests of two fl-oxidi::ed derivatives, nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine and nitrosobis(2-oxypropyl)amine, in Syrian golden hamsters (Kr/iger et al., 1974; Pour et al., 1977), in which the tumorigenic response is quite different from that of nitrosodi-n-propylamine. We have carried out a comparative test of the parent compound and those two t-oxidized derivatives in Sprague-Dawley rats, together with the halogenated derivative nitrosobis(2-chloropropyl)amine. All four compounds were tested at approximately equimolar doses which were administered to the rats for a fixed period.
Polymerized Fluorescent Liposomes Incorporating Lanthanide Ions

This paper describes the design and synthesis of a polymerizable lipid capable of complexing lanthanide ions. The lipid has been successfully incorporated into liposomes and then polymerized. Fluorescence studies indicate that the diacetylene (unpolymerized lipid) and the conjugated alkenes (after polymerization) can be used as sensitizers for the lanthanide ion.
Properties of a Sunspot Plume Observed With the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer Aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

We used three instruments (CDS, EIT, MDI) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft to observe the large sunspot in NOAA Active Region 8539 on 1999 May 9 and 13. The spot contained a bright plume, most easily seen in EUV emission lines formed at 5.2 log T 5.7 (where T is the temperature in K), in its umbra on both dates. The plume's differential emission measure (DEM) exhibited one and only one broad peak, centered around log T ~ 5.8 on May 9 and around log T ~ 5.6 on May 13, and exceeded the DEM of the quiet Sun by more than an order of magnitude at these temperatures. The high-temperature portion of the plume's DEM resembled that of nearby quiet-Sun areas. Intensity ratios of the O IV lines at 625.8 and 554.5 A yield log ne (where ne is the electron density in cm-3) of 9.6 in the plume on May 9 and 9.7 on May 13; values of 9.4 and 9.4 were obtained in the quiet-Sun areas on the same dates. Based on abundance enhancements derived from transition region emission lines of Ca, an element with low first ionization potential, elemental abundances in the plume appear to be coronal rather than photospheric. The plume plasma reveals a bipolar Doppler velocity flow pattern, in which maximum downflows in excess of 37 km s-1 are observed in the northeast portion of the plume, and maximum upflows that exceed 52 km s-1 are observed in the northwest.
Forging alliances: A guide to top management

Abstract Hardly a day goes by without an announcement of the formation of an alliance among major companies around the world. But many an alliance entered into with great fanfare has turned sour. Indeed, the divorce rate is rather high. A recent study conducted by the authors suggests two major reasons for failed alliances. One is managers' misunderstanding of what an alliance is and what it can do. Too many managers perceive alliance as an undifferentiated concept; they miss the subtle and not so subtle distinctions among types of alliances. Failure of management to critically assess its strategic logic before forging a relationship with another company is the other major cause of failed alliances. To help managers better assess associated opportunities and risks, we have developed a typology for analyzing the strategic implications inherent in different kinds of alliances. We also offer a road map designed to encourage a disciplined, systematic approach to the forging of alliances.
Poets house showcase 2004: suggested titles

Purpose – This annotated list represents a selection of outstanding poetry titles published in the USA in 2003 and the early part of 2004.Design/methodology/approach – The authors selected the titles in this list from the 2,100 titles received for the 2004 Poetry Publications Showcase at Poets House in New York City, held in April 2004.Findings – The authors selected titles for this list that would be both accessible and challenging to library users.Originality/value – This list can be used as a guide to collection development for contemporary poetry.
Belsey Mark IV Antireflux Procedure for Complicated Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Abstract Background . Over the past 20 years, medical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease has met with increasing success, but a proportion of patients continue to have symptoms or complications requiring surgical treatment. The variety of operations available attests to the general lack of satisfaction with any single procedure. Methods . A retrospective study was conducted of 276 patients who underwent the Belsey Mark IV antireflux procedure at our institution between 1979 and 1995. The indication for operation was gastroesophageal reflux disease refractory to medical therapy in 137 patients, gastroesophageal reflux disease with symptomatic stricture or Schatzki's ring in 36, achalasia or epiphrenic diverticulum in 74, paraesophageal hernia in 27, and esophageal mass in 2. Fifteen patients (5.4%) had undergone prior antireflux operations. Results . There was one perioperative death (0.4%) resulting from an apparent myocardial infarction in an 87-year-old woman who underwent operation for paraesophageal hernia with volvulus. Two patients had contained leaks diagnosed by routine postoperative contrast studies; both were managed successfully without operation. Two patients required early reoperation for recurrent symptoms: 1 underwent a repeated Belsey Mark IV procedure and the other underwent an esophagogastrectomy. An additional 7 patients experienced late recurrence of symptoms requiring surgical management. The overall complication rate was 10.1%, with minor pulmonary complications (2.1%) and atrial arrhythmias (1.8%) occurring most commonly. Conclusions . The Belsey Mark IV procedure is a safe and effective operation for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease with complications, and it compares favorably with other antireflux procedures.
The mechanism of flame spreading over the surface of igniting condensed-phase materials

This paper describes an experimental and theoretical investigation of the fundamental mechanism by which a flame spreads over the surface of a condensed-phase materials in a quiescent gaseous environment containing a component with which it can react chemically. It is postulated that the advancing flame vaporizes the surface material lying before it. As these vapors diffuse away from the surface, they undergo an exothermic reaction with the chemically active component in the gaseous environment, and ignite; thus, flame spreading is viewed as continuous diffusive, gas-phase ignition. Flame-spreading velocities have been measured for a variety of solid materials in O2/inert environments between 4 and 415 psia. Well-defined experimental, conditions yielded reproducible results, and thus suggest that flame-spreading, velocity is an intrinsic combustion quantity. All data can be correlated by a power-law relationship between the flame-spreading velocity (V) and two gas-phase parameters-pressure (P) and reactive component mole fraction (Yox)—in the form V ∞ ( P Y m ) Φ . It is concluded that V is controlled by a gas-phase physical process—probably either heat or mass transfer—which supports the mechanism proposed. Temperature distributions ahead of the propagating flame were obtained from surface-mounted, fine-wire thermocouples. The temperature level as the flame passes over the thermo-couple bead is independent of P, Yox, and inert diluent, and about 120°C below that measured previously during steady-state vaporization. Thus, it is concluded that direct surface attack by oxygen is unimportant during flame spreading and that the transient vaporization phenomenon is probably quite different than that of steady pyrolysis. The mathematical statement of the postulated flame-spreading mechanism is sufficiently complex that a complete analytical solution is currently impossible. Postponing numerical solutions, simplistic analyses were conducted that resulted in predicted flame-spreading characteristics that were well supported by the data obtained over the entire range of experimentation. Based on the evidence presented, the authors conclude that the postulated theory is probably valid, and engineering design of systems involving flame-spread control now can be put on a rational basis.
Characteristics of rabbit muscle adenylate kinase inhibition by sulfur and recovery by dithiothreitol.

AbstractStructure-function relationships of rabbit muscle adenylate kinase (RMAK) were studied by examining the characteristics of inhibitions by hydrophobic inhibitors and reactivations by sulfhydryl reagents. RMAK is inhibited by 1-butanol, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and elemental sulfur (Sg) with increasing effectiveness in the order of increasing hydrophobicity. Characteristics of these hydrophobic inhibitors are compared with inhibitors forming covalent bonds or reversible complexes.A mechanism is proposed for hydrophobic inhibitors of RMAK that involves conformational changes promoted by interacting with hydrophobic regions. The reversal of RMAK inhibition by sulfhydryl compounds involves a conformational change that exposes hydrophobic regions and the inhibitor to water. Circular dichroism (CD) data show changes in the secondary structures of RMAK, indicating that the inhibitors and the. sulfhydryl compounds promote conformational changes. The results of these studies show that the activity of a small ...
Evaluation of an OPNET Model for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks

The concept of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) was first used as early as the American Civil War, when the North and the South launched balloons with explosive devices. Since the American Civil War, the UAV concept has been used in some form in subsequent military operations. Over the last few years, there has been an explosion in the use of UAVs in military operations, as well as civilian and commercial applications. UAV Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are fast becoming essential to conducting Network-Centric Warfare (NCW). As of October 2006, coalition UAVs, exclusive of hand-launched systems, had flown almost 400,000 flight hours in support of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom [1].This paper outlines our experience with implementing a statistically verified network model that emulates UAV network behavior during flight, using a leading simulation tool. Ultimately, there is a great need for a simulation environment that provides the capability to evaluate several aspects of networked UAVs, in lieu of large test-beds or costly flight testing.
Just the Facts, Please: Framing and Technical Information

our society chooses among alternative environmental futures through decisions expected to yield, upon implementation, the results sought. if our collective understanding of the link between decisions and outcomes is flawed, however, the expected results may not follow. common–sense understanding is often inadequate for identifying environmental problems and evaluating possible solutions. therefore, our future hinges, to a considerable extent, on society's understanding and sensible use of technical information and scientific analyses. how we make sense of—or frame—the information we use to evaluate probable consequences of environmental decisions is, therefore, critical.
Effect of helium‐neon and infrared laser irradiation on wound healing in rabbits

We examined the biostimulating effects of helium-neon laser radiation (HeNe; 632.8 nm), pulsed infrared laser radiation (IR; 904 nm), and the two combined on skin wound healing in New Zealand white rabbits. Seventy-two rabbits received either (1) no exposure, (2) 1.65 J/cm2 HeNe, (3) 8.25 J/cm2 pulsed IR, or (4) both HeNe and IR together to one of two dorsal full-thickness skin wounds, daily, for 21 days. Wound areas were measured photographically at periodic intervals. Tissue samples were analyzed for tensile strength, and histology was done to measure epidermal thickness and cross-sectional collagen area. Significant differences were found in the tensile strength of all laser-treated groups (both the irradiated and nonirradiated lesion) compared to group 1. No differences were found in the rate of wound healing or collagen area. Epidermal growth was greater in the HeNe-lased area compared to unexposed tissue, but the difference was not significant. Thus, laser irradiation at 632.8 nm and 904 nm alone or in combination increased tensile strength during wound healing and may have released tissue factors into the systemic circulation that increased tensile strength on the opposite side as well.
Exploring boundaries in pediatric oncology nursing.

Professional patient boundaries are an issue that is relevant across all realms of nursing practice. By nature, nurses are caring individuals. Therapeutic relationships are integral to the care of ...
Reconstitution of the 2Fe-2S Center and g = 1.89 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Signal into Overproduced Nostoc sp. PCC 7906 Rieske Protein†

The Rieske 2Fe-2S protein is a distinguishing subunit of the photosynthetic electron transport cytochrome b6f complex in chloroplast and cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes. We have constructed plas...
Finite element investigation of plane strain asymmetric fully plastic fracture

Abstract Crack initiation and early growth in asymmetric fully plastic plane strain configurations in power-law hardening materials is investigated numerically via the finite element method. In such asymmetric configurations a single shear band is present instead of the two shear bands of the symmetric case. Results for two strain hardening exponents, n = 0.12 and n = 0.24, indicate that cracking occurs at an angle of 39–43° from the transverse, smaller than 45° due to the higher triaxiality. The direction of cracking is closer to 45° for lower strain hardening exponents and is within 2° of experimental values. The stress and strain field is consistent with the singular power-law, extended for Mixed Modes I and II, HRR fields. The far-field displacement vector is not along the shear band but at about 68–70° from the transverse at initiation, indicating the presence of a Mode I component. Early growth, studied by successive removal of elements reaching unit damage, results in a crack growth per unit displacement for the lower hardening case of about twice that of the higher hardening one.
‘Wind farm’ producing electric power

The nation's first ‘wind farm,’ featuring three of the largest advanced wind turbine systems, is nearing completion. The turbines are the seventh, eighth, and ninth wind turbines to be built under a portion of the federal wind energy program. The first of the three new machines began producing electricity for the Bonneville Power Administration at Goodnoe Hills, near Goldendale, Wash., late last year. The second machine will be fully assembled and begin to generate electricity in February. The third machine is expected to be fully assembled and running late this spring.
The importance of patient-centred imaging.

Recent criticism regarding the widespread use and growth in medical imaging has prompted a refocusing on the quality of supportive evidence upon which to guide clinical management; with numerous calls for the development of patient-centred imaging strategies. Patient-centred imaging is by definition a strategy that is oriented toward imagingguided care that results in improved clinical outcomes with important consideration toward patients’ quality of life including disease-specific symptoms, physical functioning, satisfaction, and overall well being. In this issue of the Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Shukla and colleagues present intriguing data from the PET and Recovery Following Revascularization (PARR)-2 trial on the effectiveness of positron emission tomography (PET)-guided management in patient-specific quality of life measurements through 1 year of follow-up. The results indicate an advantage in terms of near-term improvements in quality of life for patients randomized or adhering to the fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-guided management strategy as compared with those receiving standard or non-PET guided care. These results are consistent with prior findings noting that viable myocardium that is revascularized results in improved left ventricular ejection fraction; with the resulting higher quality of life linked to restoration of systolic function for heart failure patients. –7 Similarly, from the PARR-2 trial secondary analysis, the improvement in quality of life was greatest for patients receiving coronary revascularization. There are important caveats to the current findings. The sample sizes reported in PARR-2 and Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) and that of other imagingguided trials remain small and in the setting of negative primary end points, identification of mechanistic pathways remain exploratory and fraught with limited statistical power. With the glut of negative trials, imaging markers can provide important clues to ongoing explanatory pathophysiologic mechanisms. Trial designs that include comparisons of revas-
Reliability of Students' Self-Recorded Participation in Class Discussion.

The study determined whether students' self-recording of their class comments differed from observers' tallies of student comments and specifically whether students overreported their comments when credit was available for participation. In three sections (51-57 students per section) of an undergraduate educational psychology course, participants received a small amount of credit toward their grade for reporting up to two comments per class session in selected course units. Participants self-recorded their comments on a specially designed card on all days set aside for discussion in all units, including the noncredit units. Agreement between participant and observer records of individual participation proved high overall, and students did not overreport their comments under credit conditions.
Protecting information systems from insider threats - concepts and issues

Past research on information security has focused on protecting valuable resources from attacks by outsiders. However, statistics show that a large amount of security and privacy breaches are due to insider attacks. Protection from insider threats is challenging because insiders may have access to many sensitive resources and high-privileged system accounts. Suitable approaches need to combine several security techniques, like fine-grained access control, stronger authentication protocols, integrated digital identity management, intrusion detection, with techniques from areas like information integration, machine learning, and risk assessment. In this talk, after an introduction to the problem of insider threats, we will present recent work addressing the problem of anomaly detection and response policies for database management systems and then discuss open research issues, by emphasizing the role of techniques from the area of information integration.
Analysis of a belt-type heat transport device.

T is currently a renewed evidence of interest in belttype heat transport devices. Heat is absorbed from a drum and transported by belt rotation away from the source to be radiated to cold space (Fig. 1). In prior analyses the belt has been divided into two zones, one for heat acquirement from the drum and the other for radiation to space. This approach neglects heat conduction longitudinally along the belt. This Note suggests a method of analyzing the problem which includes both conductive and mass transport effects.
Jesus, Demoniacs, and Public Authorities: A Socio-Historical Study

cist, or, if one prefers, that Jesus at least regularly exorcised demons. In modern terms this means that Jesus healed people who had various kinds of mental or psychosomatic illnesses. In past scholarship the historicity and significance of Jesus' exorcising, as well as his other healing activities, were most often issues because they were tied up with the question of the miraculous. But the question of the miraculous need no longer be a serious issue because the phenomena of possession and exorcism are now examined and understood via the social sciences as common world-wide phenomena throughout most of history. (See literature cited in the bibliography.) This makes it possible to address the questions of historicity and significance in new ways. Thus, the focus of scholarship can, and must now be, on understanding the role exorcism played in the whole of Jesus' developing career as a public figure. Were exorcisms on the fringes or at the center of his career? Were they peripheral or at the core of his proclamation of the Kingdom of God? Were they incidental or central to the course that led him finally to execution in Jerusalem?
Can there be a domain-specific knowledge base in HRD? Reflections on the Lille symposium

A conversation recently began amongst senior human resource development scholars from around the world that focused on the prospects for theory development in human resource development (HRD). The opening event in the form of a panel discussion was held at the European HRD conference in Lille, France, in May 2008. This article summarizes and discusses contributions made by the panel participants.
Unilateral Implantation in the Uganda Kob

THE Uganda kob, Adenota kob thomasi (P. L. Sclater), an antelope almost entirely endemic to Uganda, East Africa, inhabits primarily grassy plains along major rivers and lakes in the Western Rift Valley at elevations of 625–900 m. Its range extends approximately from 1° S. latitude to 4° N. latitude. Annual rainfall averages about 100 cm., and daily temperature varies approximately between 20° and 30° C. Breeding occurs throughout the year on special territorial grounds1. Gestation probably lasts about 7½ months, and normally the females are monotocous.
Investigation of hypertension and the recognition of monogenic hypertension

Hypertension in childhood is rare and is more likely to be secondary to a medical disorder in the very young and in those with severe hypertension. Essential hypertension is rarely diagnosed in children less than 5 years of age but is diagnosed with increasing frequency from the age of 10 years. These observations justify the aggressive investigation of preschool children with persistent hypertension (blood pressure > 97th centile for height1) and school aged children with severe hypertension, because of the high probability of making a diagnosis.#### Key messages The assessment of a child with hypertension should begin with a careful medical history, family medical history, and a thorough physical examination, which might provide clues to the diagnosis. When the aetiology is not evident, investigations should be directed to a renal or cardiac cause. Appropriate investigations include a full blood count, plasma electrolytes and creatinine, urine analysis, and the measurement of urinary protein excretion, which is most conveniently undertaken by measuring the ratio of urinary protein to creatinine in an early morning urine sample.2 Because renal disease results in the release of renin and angiotensin II with vasoconstriction and aldosterone …
The mutation of chemistry: the rising importance of AB initio computational techniques in chemical research

Abstract Some of the key studies are reviewed which first demonstrated the efficacy of combined quantum-chemical computations and experimental techniques in structural chemistry. The cases illustrate a general change in the nature of chemistry from a purely empirical science to a discipline in which deductive theory, in the form of ab initio calculations, is increasingly important in guiding experimental work and resolving experimental ambiguities. Recent impact of ab initio geometries on empirical modeling procedures ofmacromolecules, new techniques for optimizing structures of increasing size (e.g., steroids, oligopeptides), enhanced utility of ab initio calculations in NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, all these and related phenomena demonstrate the evolution of a more theory-based chemical science.
Sacks forcing and the total failure of Martin's Axiom

Abstract Using side-by-side Sacks forcing, it is proved relatively consistent that the continuum is large and Martin's Axiom fails totally, that is, every c.c.c. space is the union of ℵ1 nowhere dense sets (equivelently, if P is a nontrivial partial ordering with the countable chain condition, then there are ℵ1 dense sets in P such that no filter in P meets them all).
Caveats and Recommendations about Self-Regulation of Writing: A Social Cognitive Rejoinder

Abstract In their commentary, Graham and Harris (in press) raise a number of interesting caveats regarding the self-regulation of writing and make important recommendations regarding future instructional research on the topic. In this rejoinder, we respond to their caveats and recommendations by providing further explanation, identifying areas of agreement, and in some cases, offering alternative interpretations. We caution that low levels of self-regulation by some writers can still be highly predictive of writing outcomes, and thus its role should be judged on the basis of the latter rather than the former. Triadic social contextual conceptions of writing self-regulation avoid many interpretive problems of cognitive processing accounts and include variables that can explain how writing is motivated and how writers’ personal environment and behavior are orchestrated and managed.
Phonetic interference and motor recall.

Sources of interference external to the laboratory were tested by instructing children to learn non-English clusters or sequences. Control subjects learned comparable English units and sequences. O...