cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amineborane dehydrogenation promoted by isolable zirconium sandwich, titanium sandwich and N2 complexes

Catalytic dehydrogenation of R2NHBH3 (R = Me, H) promoted by a family of bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium and bis(indenyl)zirconium compounds is reported; structure–reactivity relationships as a function of cyclopentadienyl and indenyl substituents have been examined.
Biological predictors of masculine sexual behavior in prenatally stressed and nonstressed rats

Sexual activity values, volume measures of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA), and testosterone levels of a sample of 30 male offspring selected from litters born to control and prenatally stressed mothers were intercorrelated. The resulting correlations were then submitted to partial correlational analyses in order to determine the relative contributions of anatomical structure and testosterone levels in mediating sexual behavior. It was observed that SDN-POA volume was a better predictor of sexual activity than were testosterone levels.
Some evidence on regime shifts in international stock markets

Compares the aggregate stock returns of five countries in order to understand their behaviour, bearing in mind shocks and regime shifts. Applies a Markov‐switching model to examine discrete shifts in regime in equity markets from 1976 to 1991 in Germany, Japan, USA, United Kingdom and Canada. Finds the German market takes by far the longest time to return to normality after a shock, and Canada the shortest, but that German stock return variance has the lowest mean return in the high‐volatility state. Detects an increase in volatility well before the stock market crash of 1987. Concludes that stock returns are time varying and the conditional variance is state‐dependent, and that markets vary widely in frequency of regime shifts and persistence.
The Validity of Role Theory as an Explanation of Gender Stereotypes: Comment on Hosoda and Stone

Hosoda and Stone note that role theory leads to the prediction that changes in women's roles should be followed by changes in gender stereotypes; however, having described changes in roles and observed stability in stereotypes, they do not draw the conclusion that their results are inconsistent with role theory.
Parameter estimation and restoration of noisy images using Gibbs distributions in hidden Markov models

A noisy image model is formulated by integrating the image and noise models into the hidden and observation layers of a hidden Markov model (HMM). The true image is modeled by a Markov random field (MRF), and the noise is a flip error that changes the gray level of image pixels according to a stochastic matrix. An algorithm for parameter estimation is developed on the basis of the reestimation formulation in HMM. At each iteration of the reestimation, the Gibbs distribution (GD) parameters are estimated using gradient ascent, and the noise parameter is estimated as the percentage of pixels in the unobserved image having the same gray levels as the observed image, where the percentage is the posterior expectation over all possible configurations of the unobserved image. Gibbs samplers are used to generate the samples of MRFs, and sample averages are taken to approximate the expectation terms. Images are restored using the minimum misclassification technique. Experiments on binary images contaminated by 20-30% noise showed good restoration results. >
A Dielectrophoretic Device for Studying Single Cell Mechanics

Mechanics plays an important role in cell function, both in normal physiology and pathological conditions. In the vasculature, the endothelial cells that line blood vessels dynamically respond to the mechanical environment. Endothelial cells sense both fluid shear stress and cyclic stretch, and alterations in these forces may contribute to vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Closed fluoroscopic-assisted spinal arch external skeletal fixation for the stabilization of vertebral column injuries in five dogs.

Objective— To evaluate outcome after closed fluoroscopic-assisted application of spinal arch external skeletal fixators in dogs with vertebral column injuries. Study Design— Retrospective case series. Animals— Dogs with traumatic vertebral column injuries (n=5). Methods— Medical records of dogs with vertebral column fractures and/or luxations stabilized with spinal arch external skeletal fixator frames applied using a closed fluoroscopic-assisted technique were reviewed. Owners were contacted to obtain long-term clinical outcomes. Results— Five dogs (age range, 6–72 months; weight, 10–54 kg) had traumatic vertebral column injuries stabilized with spinal arch external skeletal fixators applied in closed fashion. Injuries involved vertebral segments of the thoracolumbar junction, lumbar spine, and lumbosacral junction. Immediately postoperatively, 4 dogs had anatomic alignment of their vertebral fracture/luxation; 1 dog had 1 mm of vertebral canal height compromise. Time to fixator removal ranged from 65 to 282 days (141±87 days). All dogs had regained satisfactory neurologic function by 3 months. At long-term follow-up (range, 282–780 days; mean 445±190 days) all dogs were judged to have good to excellent return of function by their owners. Conclusion— Successful closed fluoroscopic-assisted application of external skeletal fixators using spinal arches provided satisfactory reduction with few complications in 5 dogs. Return to function was judged to be good to excellent in all dogs at long-term evaluation. Clinical Relevance— Closed fluoroscopic-assisted application of ESF using spinal arches provided satisfactory reduction and effective stabilization of spinal fractures with few complications and should be considered as a treatment approach.
Utilization of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of neoplastic superior vena caval syndrome.

Superior vena caval syndrome often presents as an acute or subacute oncologic emergency that requires immediate action, usually with high-dose radiotherapy. With improved chemotherapeutic regimens for various malignancies, prompt and appropriate treatment of the syndrome is possible. Tissue diagnosis, therefore, is pursued, but invasive procedures are commonly associated with technical difficulties and complications. We find fine-needle aspiration biopsy a rapid, highly reliable, and well-tolerated procedure in selected situations and herein report 17 patients with initial presentation of superior vena caval syndrome efficaciously diagnosed with fine-needle aspiration cytology. The cell types were eight lung small-cell carcinomas, four poorly differentiated adeno-carcinomas, two undifferentiated large-cell carcinomas, and one each of malignant large-cell lymphoma, myxoid liposarcoma, and thymic large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Further experience, however, is warranted with this widely available procedure.
Are Data Sets Like Documents?: Evaluating Similarity-Based Ranked Search over Scientific Data

The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in the amount of data captured and made available to scientists for research. This increase amplifies the difficulty scientists face in finding the data most relevant to their information needs. In prior work, we hypothesized that Information Retrieval-style ranked search can be applied to data sets to help a scientist discover the most relevant data amongst the thousands of data sets in many formats, much like text-based ranked search helps users make sense of the vast number of Internet documents. To test this hypothesis, we explored the use of ranked search for scientific data using an existing multi-terabyte observational archive as our test-bed. In this paper, we investigate whether the concept of varying relevance, and therefore ranked search, applies to numeric data—that is, are data sets are enough like documents for Information Retrieval techniques and evaluation measures to apply? We present a user study that demonstrates that data set similarity resonates with users as a basis for relevance and, therefore, for ranked search. We evaluate a prototype implementation of ranked search over data sets with a second user study and demonstrate that ranked search improves a scientist's ability to find needed data.
Risk assessment and psychosocial interventions for suicidal patients

OBJECTIVES: Suicide is a leading cause of death in the USA. Although factors elevating long-term risk for suicide are known and include bipolar disorder, signs of imminent suicide risk are difficult to study and not well specified. Acute risk determinations must be made to determine the appropriate level of care to safeguard patients. To increase safety among at-risk patients in the short term and to decrease risk over time, psychosocial interventions to prevent suicide have been developed and tested in acute care and outpatient settings. METHODS: A narrative review of studies of imminent risk factors for suicide, suicide risk decision-making, and psychosocial suicide prevention interventions was conducted. RESULTS: Although some long-term risk factors of suicide have been established, accurate identification of individuals at imminent risk for suicide is difficult. Therefore, prevention efforts targeting individuals at high suicide behavior risk discharging from acute care settings tend to be generic and focus on psychoeducation and supportive follow-up contact. Data regarding the effectiveness of brief interventions (i.e., those not requiring more than one individualized treatment session) are mixed, showing better outcomes in the shorter term and when the incidence of suicidal behavior or ideation is the outcome. With respect to longer-term suicide prevention interventions (i.e., those with a minimum of ten sessions), Dialectical Behavior Therapy has the largest evidence base. CONCLUSIONS: To improve suicide prevention efforts, more rigorous study of imminent risk factors and psychosocial interventions is needed. Adaptations specific to individuals with bipolar disorder are possible and needed. Language: en
Transient alteration of T cell fine specificity by a strong primary stimulus correlates with T cell receptor down-regulation

P14 mice expressing a transgenic TCR specific for the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein p33 epitope were used to study the induction of CTL effector activity by a variety of ligands. Surprisingly, p33 variants which are weaker agonists for the P14 TCR than the wild-type p33 peptide were able to induce more potent effectors with a broader range of cytolytic specificity. Similarly, low concentrations of p33 were more effective than higher concentrations. These results correlated with no or only moderate TCR down-regulation by variants of p33 and low p33 concentrations. This phenotype observed after 18 h of culture was transient as progressive restoration of reactivity was observed at 42 or 66 h in the cultures stimulated with high p33 concentrations and this correlated with recovery of TCR surface levels. TCR down-regulation was blocked by src family kinase inhibitors. These findings indicate that the specificity of a T cell can be fine-tuned by the nature of the primary stimulus correlating with surface TCR level and imply an important role for src family kinases in the differential regulation of surface TCR levels upon TCR engagement by different ligand/MHC complexes.
The development of gastroesophageal reflux after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

The relationship between percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and subsequent development of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is complex and not well understood. The authors retrospectively reviewed 82 children over a 5-year period who underwent PEG tube (n = 64) or PEG button (n = 18) placement. Children were evaluated preoperatively for clinical evidence of GER (C-GER) or radiographic GER (R-GER) with upper gastrointestinal contrast study or Tc99m gastric scinitiscan. Seventy-five patients were evaluated for clinical evidence of postoperative GER by direct family contact. Eleven of 39 (28%) patients with no GER preoperatively developed GER postoperatively, eight (20%) of whom required Nissen fundoplication (NF) or gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tube. Ten of 19 (53%) with preoperative C-GER but no R-GER continued to have GER after PEG, but only three required NF or GJ. Only one of nine children who had R-GER only developed clinical GER after PEG placement. Of the eight children with both C-GER and R-GER, only two (25%) required NF or GJ and two (25%) had no postoperative GER. The authors conclude that PEG tubes are useful in infants and children and are associated with a relatively low incidence of postoperative GER. If C-GER is absent, a PEG is a reasonable procedure to consider even in the presence of R-GER.
A Monte Carlo Study of Some Two-Sample Rank Tests with Censored Data

Abstract The powers of several nonparametric tests for the two-sample problem with censored data are compared by simulation. The tests studied include Gehan's, Efron's, and Peto's, and Prentice's generalized Wilcoxon tests, along with the logrank test. The test with the greatest power changes with the sample sizes, censoring mechanism, and distribution of the random variables. The test that performed the best overall was the Peto-Prentice generalized Wilcoxon statistic with an asymptotic variance estimate.
Multiple factors affect dietitians' counseling practices for high blood cholesterol

Abstract Objective To examine the association of factors from social cognitive theory with dietitians' counseling practices for high blood cholesterol. Design A cross-sectional mail survey of 1,500 dietitians that included a 67-item, specially designed questionnaire to collect data. Subjects The sample comprised clinical dietitians and dietitians in consulting and private practice who were members of The American Dietetic Association and were practicing in Pennsylvania: Delaware; Washington, DC; Maryland; North Carolina; and Virginia (N=1,500). Questionnaires were returned by 1,011 (67%) respondents; the 508 respondents (50%) who counseled adults for high blood cholesterol completed the entire questionnaire. Statistical analyses performed Statistical analyses proceeded in three steps: descriptive statistics on questionnaire items, calculation of composite index scores, and bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results Of the key hypothesized factors, greater self-efficacy, higher levels of outcome efficacy, and greater adherence expectations significantly correlated with compliance-enhancing counseling practices. Outpatient dietitians used more compliance-enhancing counseling practices than did inpatient dietitians. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the outpatient setting, a greater number of counseling sessions, follow-up counseling, and a charge to patients for counseling positively correlated with compliance-enhancing counseling practices. Applications Recommendations suggested by the findings include structuring professional training and continuing education programs for dietitians to strengthen self-efficacy, providing more feedback to improve perceived outcome efficacy, and changing the organization of the delivery of nutrition counseling services for prevention to allow more outpatient counseling.
Abstract 5084: Overcoming the resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy: Itraconazole blocks blood vessel maturation and synergizes with anti-VEGF therapy.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Background: Anti-angiogenic drugs, such as sunitinib, have been used as a first line therapy for renal cell carcinoma and some other cancers. However, the development of resistance to angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the VEGF pathway is common and impedes the efficacy of cancer treatments. Previously, we found it that blood vessel maturation is a common feature of tumors resistant to sunitinib. Thus, we hypothesized that novel approaches of inhibiting pericyte coverage of the tumor vasculature could be a successful approach to sensitize resistant tumors to sunitinib. Approach: An in vitro angiogenesis model was developed for screening the pericyte recruitment inhibitors. Itraconazole, an anti-fungal drug, was found to block the association of pericyte with newly-formed blood vessel endothelial cells. A sunitinib resistance animal model of Myc-Cap prostate cancer xenograft was used for studying the in vivo effect of treatment. Animals were dosed with itraconazole, sunitinib or the combination when tumors were well established. Result: through the in vitro angiogenesis model, the association of pericyte with endothelial cells was significantly reduced by itraconazole treatment. Its mechanism of action involved inhibition of focal adhesion kinase activity, a protein that plays a central role in cell spreading, differentiation, migration and cell death. Moreover, itraconazole treatment showed reduced pericyte coverage of tumor vasculature in vivo, and synergized with sunitinib treatments. Conclusion: These findings indicated that itraconazole is effective in inhibiting the pericyte coverage of the tumor vasculature and broaden the efficacy of sunitinib. Our results support further preclinical and clinical evaluation of itraconazole combination therapies in cancer treatment. Citation Format: Chenglai Fu, Stephanie Gerber, Richmond Castillo, Anita van der Zwan, Sushant Kachhap, Hans Hammers. Overcoming the resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy: Itraconazole blocks blood vessel maturation and synergizes with anti-VEGF therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5084. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5084
Microstructural shape factors: relation of random planar sections to three-dimensional microstructures

The relation of random planar sections of anisometric microstructures to the actual three-dimensional anisometry is considered for oblate and prolate spheroids and cylinders. Simple formulae are obtained relating the two-dimensional (2-D) to three-dimensional (3-D) aspect ratios; for oblate systems with large aspect ratios, the area-weighted average 2-D aspect ratio varies linearly with the actual aspect ratio, whereas for prolate systems of large aspect ratio, the 2-D aspect ratio varies logarithmically with actual aspect ratio. Extension to polydisperse systems yields a shape factor, R, which gives greatest weight to grains (or particles) having the highest volume fraction. This not only preserves the linear and logarithmic functionalities found in monodisperse systems, but favorably affects the sensitivity of R to visually apparent differences among microstructures.
Total Synthesis of Laulimalide: Assembly of the Fragments and Completion of the Synthesis of the Natural Product and a Potent Analogue

In this manuscript, we report the full account of our efforts to couple the northern and the southern building blocks, whose synthesis were described in the preceding paper, along with the modifications required which ultimately lead to a successful synthesis of laulimalide. Key highlights include an exceptionally efficient and atom-economical intramolecular ruthenium-catalyzed alkene-alkyne coupling to build the macrocycle followed by a highly stereoselective 1,3-allylic isomerization promoted by a rhenium complex. Interestingly, the designed synthetic route also allowed us to prepare an analogue of the natural product that possesses significant cytotoxic activity. We also report in this paper a second generation route which provided a more concise synthesis of the natural product.
Near-Infrared (NIR) to Red and Green Up-Conversion Emission from Silica Sol−Gel Thin Films Made with La0.45Yb0.50Er0.05F3 Nanoparticles, Hetero-Looping-Enhanced Energy Transfer (Hetero-LEET): A New Up-Conversion Process

Bright green and red luminescence has been generated with a 980 nm diode laser from silica sol−gel thin films made with La0.45Yb0.50Er0.05F3 nanoparticles through a newly described hetero-looping-e...
Supporting and Strengthening Foster Adoptive Families: Utah's Story of Post-Adoption Service Development, Delivery, and Ongoing Evaluation

Foster care adoption outcomes and related child and family risk factors, challenges, and needs have been well documented by previous research. Practical and replicable grass roots approaches to address these challenges are warranted. This macro-level case study describes Utah's public–private university collaborative process for addressing the challenges and needs of foster adoptive families utilizing a method for developing and delivering post-adoption services as well as a mixed methods model for giving voice to adoptive families in an ongoing effort to evaluate awareness of, access to, and use of post-adoption services. Specific practical implications and recommendations are included.
Hydrotalcite Coating Formation on Al-Cu-Mg Alloys from Oxidizing Bath Chemistries

Abstract The effects of bath oxidizing power on hydrotalcite coating formation and breakdown were examined in this study. Overall, results indicate that increasing the oxidizing power of the coating bath shortens the immersion time required to form highly corrosion-resistant coatings. Hydrotalcite conversion coatings were formed on Al 2024-T3 ([UNS A92024] Al-4.4%Cu-2.5%Mg-0.6%Mn) panels by immersion in alkaline lithium salt solutions containing either carbonate, nitrate, or nitrate/persulfate additions. The resulting coating structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Corrosion resistance was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray exposure testing. When nitrate and persulfate oxidizers were present in the bath, coating formation time and hydrogen evolution were sharply reduced while coating weight was increased, indicating an overall increase in coating efficiency. A decrease in pinhole-type coating defects was attributed to early cessation of hydrog...
An exploratory look at early online auction decisions: extending signal theory

Extant literature in decision theory suggests that online auction buyers depend on signals for mitigating uncertainty that influence bidder behavior at multiple points. However, the depth and breadth of the use of signals has only been partially explored. Using data from 242 online auction users, we show that eight emergent factors influence decisions of auction selection and initial bid in different ways. We further find that two ethical perspectives impact the evaluation of seller uncertainty in unique ways, although neither perspective predominates within our sample. These results enable sellers and online auction marketplaces to better design and implement auction systems that provide signals that buyers most desire.
Sun-Climate Links

Richard A. Kerr's article about sun-climate links (Research News, [8 Mar., p. 1360][1]) gives short shrift to one important point. The infrared absorbing properties of the carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule are fairly well known from spectroscopic theory and measurements. It is difficult to imagine
Cutaneous thrombosis in PNH.

![Figure][1] A 66-year-old man with a 7-year history of untreated paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) reported new onset fever, malaise, joint pains, and skin rash (panel A). Hemoglobin was 7.8 g/dL, reticulocytes were 3.1%, and platelets were 26 000/mm3. No spherocytes or
Kearns–Sayre syndrome: oncocytic transformation of choroid plexus epithelium

Abstract Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a sporadic multisystem disorder due to a defect of oxidative phosphorylation and associated with clonally-expanded rearrangements of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions (Δ-mtDNAs) and/or duplications (dup-mtDNAs). To gain further insight into the pathogenesis of CNS dysfunction in KSS, we studied the choroid plexus from two autoptic cases using in situ hybridization (ISH) of mtDNA, and immunohistochemistry to detect mtDNA and nuclear DNA-encoded subunits of the respiratory chain. Neuropathological examination of both cases showed oncocytic transformation of choroid plexus epithelial cells. In the same cells, ISH demonstrated that the predominant species of mtDNA were Δ-mtDNAs, and immunohistochemistry showed a decreased expression of mtDNA-encoded proteins. We suggest that mitochondrial abnormalities due to the presence of abundant Δ-mtDNAs in the choroid plexus play an important role in causing the increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein and reduced folic-acid levels that are characteristic of KSS.
Yield of screening urography in young women with urinary tract infection

In order to determine the diagnostic yield and therapeutic outcome of screening urography in young women with urinary tract infection, 1000 urographic examinations were reviewed. Of these 96.4% were normal; 1.4% revealed abnormalities that subsequently required therapy. Each treated abnormality was expensive to diagnose; protocols other than universal urography could have made most of these diagnoses. The incidence of treated abnormalities may be no greater in this group than in the general population. Universal screening urography in these patients cannot be definitely recommended.
Privacy and the Urinalysis Testing of Athletes

(1982). Privacy and the Urinalysis Testing of Athletes. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 60-65.
Valproate administered after traumatic brain injury provides neuroprotection and improves cognitive function in rats.

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates a complex series of neurochemical and signaling changes that lead to pathological events including neuronal hyperactivity, excessive glutamate release, inflammation, increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cerebral edema, altered gene expression, and neuronal dysfunction. It is believed that a drug combination, or a single drug acting on multiple targets, may be an effective strategy to treat TBI. Valproate, a widely used antiepileptic drug, has a number of targets including GABA transaminase, voltage-gated sodium channels, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3, and histone deacetylases (HDACs), and therefore may attenuate a number of TBI-associated pathologies. Methodology/Principal Findings Using a rodent model of TBI, we tested if post-injury administration of valproate can decrease BBB permeability, reduce neural damage and improve cognitive outcome. Dose-response studies revealed that systemic administration of 400 mg/kg (i.p.), but not 15, 30, 60 or 100 mg/kg, increases histone H3 and H4 acetylation, and reduces GSK-3 activity, in the hippocampus. Thirty min post-injury administration of 400 mg/kg valproate improved BBB integrity as indicated by a reduction in Evans Blue dye extravasation. Consistent with its dose response to inhibit GSK-3 and HDACs, valproate at 400 mg/kg, but not 100 mg/kg, reduced TBI-associated hippocampal dendritic damage, lessened cortical contusion volume, and improved motor function and spatial memory. These behavioral improvements were not observed when SAHA (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid), a selective HDAC inhibitor, was administered. Conclusion/Significance Our findings indicate that valproate given soon after TBI can be neuroprotective. As clinically proven interventions that can be used to minimize the damage following TBI are not currently available, the findings from this report support the further testing of valproate as an acute therapeutic strategy.
Time-lapse crosswell seismic and VSP monitoring of injected CO2 in a brine aquifer

Seismic surveys successfully imaged a small scale CO2 injection (1,600 ton) conducted in a brine aquifer of the Frio Formation near Houston, Texas. These time-lapse borehole seismic surveys, crosswell and vertical seismic profile (VSP), were acquired to monitor the CO2 distribution using two boreholes (the new injection well and a pre-existing well used for monitoring) which are 30 m apart at a depth of 1,500 m. The crosswell survey provided a high-resolution image of the CO2 distribution between the wells via tomographic imaging of the P-wave velocity decrease (up to 500 m/s). The simultaneously acquired S-wave tomography showed little change in S-wave velocity, as expected for fluid substitution. A rock physics model was used to estimate CO2 saturations of 10–20% from the P-wave velocity change. The VSP survey resolved a large (∼70%) change in reflection amplitude for the Frio horizon. This CO2 induced reflection amplitude change allowed estimation of the CO2 extent beyond the monitor well and on three azimuths. The VSP result is compared with numerical modeling of CO2 saturations and is seismically modeled using the velocity change estimated in the crosswell survey.
Action of glutaraldehyde and nitrite against sulfate-reducing bacterial biofilms

A continuous flow reactor system was developed to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial treatments against sulfate-reducing bacterial biofilms. An annular reactor operating at a nominal dilution rate of 0.5 h−1 was fed one-tenth strength Postgate C medium diluted in 1.5% NaCl and was inoculated with a mixed culture enriched from oilfield-produced water on the same medium. Thin biofilms developed in this reactor after 2 days of operation. The activity of these biofilms resulted in approximately 50 mg S l−1 of sulfide at steady state prior to biocide treatment. Biocide efficacy was quantified by recording the time required for sulfide production to recover following an antimicrobial treatment. In a control experiment in which pure water was applied, the time required to reach 10 mg S l−1 sulfide after the treatment was 1.7±1.2 h, whereas the time to reach this level of sulfide after a pulse dose of 500 mg l−1 glutaraldehyde was delayed to 61±11 h. Nitrite treatment suppressed sulfide production as long as the nitrite concentration remained above 15 mg N l−1. Sulfide production recovered more rapidly after nitrite treatment than it did after glutaraldehyde treatment.
Multi-agent decision support via user-modeling

Decision-support requires the gathering and presentation of information, but is subject to many kinds of resource restrictions (e.g. cost, length, time). Individual users differ not only in the resources they have available to expend, but also in the priorities they place on different kinds of information. While it is straightforward to represent these differing priorities and related constraints in a user model, using that model to allocate resources for an unseen task across multiple agents in a dynamic environment is not as simple. Before the information gathering process begins, it is not known which agents will be able to usefully participate, or how much utility they will ultimately be able to provide.MADSUM is a distributed adaptive system that uses a negotiation process to solicit and organize agents to produce information, and a presentation assembly process to coherently assemble the information into text for decision support. MADSUM assumes poor predictive models of ultimate information utility and thus requires dynamic organizational management in response to run-time information failures.A user model, including content preferences, deadlines, and length constraints, informs both processes. An evaluation demonstrates that the influence of the user model on content selection and presentation improves system output, and that the organization responds appropriately and predictably in the presence of inevitable information failures.
Eliminating Variation in Age at Spawning Leads to Genetic Divergence Within a Single Salmon Population

Abstract Most coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in Washington state spawn at 3 y of age, creating the potential for three temporal populations or “broodlines” at each spawning site. This is generally prevented by a portion of males in each site that mature and reproduce at 2 y of age, resulting in population structure in which the geographic component is stronger than the temporal component. The Quilcene National Fish Hatchery, located on Big Quilcene River in the Hood Canal region of Washington state, selected against late returning coho salmon by excluding all but the earliest returning fish from its broodstock for an unknown number of generations, and restricted gene flow among broodlines by excluding 2-y-old males for 27 generations. The resulting hatchery population exhibited three distinct broodlines that returned in alternating years: an “early” broodline that arrived 1 mo before the wild fish, a “late” broodline that arrived at the same time as the wild fish, and a “middle” broodline that arrived i...
Representations of quivers with free module of covariants

Given a finite quiver Q of Dynkin type An, it is well known that the ring of semi-invariants SI(Q,d) is a polynomial ring. We show that the ideal defined by semi-invariants of positive degree in Rep(Q,d) is a complete intersection. It follows that the action of SL(Q,d) on Rep(Q,d) gives a cofree representation. In particular, we have that the modules of covariants are free k[Rep(Q,d)]SL(Q,d)-modules.
Infection of Schistosomes with Gram-positive Cocci

Schistosoma spindale (Montgomery) is a common trematode parasite of cattle, water buffalo, goats and other mammals over a vast area including southern Africa, South and South-East Asia. It is a close relative of the human parasite S. haematobium and while it has only rarely been reported from man it is a significant producer of cercarial dermatitis in rice field workers. As part of an investigation of S. spindale in Malaysia, a number of laboratory animals were infected in various ways with cercariae of this helminth. One young female white mouse was exposed by tail immersion to numerous cercariae of a local strain in Kuala Lumpur and killed 82 days later with 0.3 ml. of heparinized ‘Nembutal’ (pento-barbital sodium) injected intraperitoneally. The liver and spleen were larger than those usually found in mice with S. spindale infections of similar age. The spleen was soft and yellowish-white and particularly distended over about half its length. Small pieces of liver, spleen, lungs and intestine were fixed in 10% formalin, after which the mouse was perfused with citrated saline according to the method of Duvall and DeWitt1. Eighteen pairs of worms and thirty adult males were recovered in the perfusate; all except one pair and two males had nodular lesions (Fig. 1 b–f) visible to the naked eye or with low magnification. I found several additional worms, including some with such lesions, in the tissues (Fig. 1f), but no affected worms in fifty-seven other mice similarly exposed and perfused. The discovery of these diseased worms was unanticipated. Because their significance was not immediately appreciated, they were fixed with 10% formalin and stored in 70% alcohol as usual. On subsequent examination, it became clear that their nodular lesions were filled with great numbers of cocci (Fig 1g and h) which could by then be identified only as being Gram-positive.
ICCAD-2013 CAD contest in technology mapping for macro blocks and benchmark suite

As technology advances, there is an increasing need in the industrial domain for an algorithm that can map macro blocks. This type of algorithm would solve several front-end problems. For example, existing structural or functional algorithms cannot solve the challenge of mapping large-scale functions without boundary information. Fortunately, in practical problems, we only consider the target mapping functions that are the constructs of the datapath, and these macro blocks are easily recognized through their special arithmetic signatures. In this problem, the contestants need to design a mapping algorithm that recognizes macro blocks and replaces the mapped region with the macro blocks. Therefore, we can fairly evaluate the quality of the mapping algorithm as the size reduction of the revised netlist. Under our well-designed benchmarks, we will clearly differentiate the capability of proposed algorithms with several indexes. We look forward to triggering the academic area to investigate on this problem.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of Yb14MnSb11 and Yb14ZnSb11

Abstract Measurements of core and valence electronic states of single crystals of the rare earth transition metal Zintl phases Yb14MnSb11 and Yb14ZnSb11 were performed using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy station of Beamline 7 at the Advanced Light Source. Sample surfaces of Yb14MnSb11 and Yb14ZnSb11 were measured as received, after Ar+ ion bombardment, and after cleaving in situ. The single crystal structure of Yb14ZnSb11 is also reported. Both compounds are air-sensitive and show Yb3+ due to surface oxidation. In the case of Yb14MnSb11, there is no evidence for Yb3+ that would be intrinsic to the sample, consistent with previously reported X-ray magnetic circular dichroism studies. Detailed analyses of the Yb14ZnSb11 surfaces reveal a significant contribution of both Yb3+ and Yb2+ 4f states in the valence band region. This result is predicted for the Zn analog by Zintl counting rules and support the mixed valency of Yb for Yb14ZnSb11. Further detailed analysis of the core and valence band structure of both Yb14MnSb11 and Yb14ZnSb11 is presented.
Optimal Symmetric Multimodal Templates and Concatenated Random Forests for Supervised Brain Tumor Segmentation (Simplified) with ANTsR

Segmenting and quantifying gliomas from MRI is an important task for diagnosis, planning intervention, and for tracking tumor changes over time. However, this task is complicated by the lack of prior knowledge concerning tumor location, spatial extent, shape, possible displacement of normal tissue, and intensity signature. To accommodate such complications, we introduce a framework for supervised segmentation based on multiple modality intensity, geometry, and asymmetry feature sets. These features drive a supervised whole-brain and tumor segmentation approach based on random forest-derived probabilities. The asymmetry-related features (based on optimal symmetric multimodal templates) demonstrate excellent discriminative properties within this framework. We also gain performance by generating probability maps from random forest models and using these maps for a refining Markov random field regularized probabilistic segmentation. This strategy allows us to interface the supervised learning capabilities of the random forest model with regularized probabilistic segmentation using the recently developed ANTsR package--a comprehensive statistical and visualization interface between the popular Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) and the R statistical project. The reported algorithmic framework was the top-performing entry in the MICCAI 2013 Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation challenge. The challenge data were widely varying consisting of both high-grade and low-grade glioma tumor four-modality MRI from five different institutions. Average Dice overlap measures for the final algorithmic assessment were 0.87, 0.78, and 0.74 for "complete", "core", and "enhanced" tumor components, respectively.
A comparison of the first and second languages of American and Spanish students

Twenty-four American and 24 Spanish Ss gave restricted associations both in English and in Spanish to 35 stimuli under seven different instructions. Second-language learners left more blanks in their records than native speakers. This was particularly true for American Ss studying Spanish. In both languages, the response variability was greater for Spanish than for Amerian Ss. However, American Ss were superior when the degree of conceptual clarity was analyzed by counting the response repetitions per stimulus that occur under different task instructions. Interpretations were given in terms of growth of vocabulary and in terms of the acquisition of the conceptual, semantic systems of the target language.
Rifaximin, gut microbes and mucosal inflammation: unraveling a complex relationship

Rifaximin is a non-systemic, broad-spectrum antibiotic that acts against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria. Clinical studies indicate that rifaximin is beneficial in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects of rifaximin is not clear. In a recent study, we reported that rifaximin alters the bacterial population in the ileum of rats, leading to a relative abundance of Lactobacillus species. These changes prevent gut inflammation and visceral hyperalgesia caused by chronic stress. To more closely mirror human clinical studies in which rifaximin is used to treat IBS symptoms, we performed additional studies and showed that rifaximin reversed mucosal inflammation and barrier dysfunction evoked by chronic stress. These beneficial effects were accompanied by a striking increase in the abundance of Lactobacillaceae and a marked reduction in the number of segmented filamentous bacteria after rifaximin treatment. These microbial changes may contribute to the antiinflammatory effects of rifaximin on the intestinal mucosa.
The Influence of Inconsistent Instruction and Varying Reinforcement on Performance Quality and Quantity under Operant Conditioning Procedures.

(1977). The Influence of Inconsistent Instruction and Varying Reinforcement on Performance Quality and Quantity under Operant Conditioning Procedures. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 97, No. 2, pp. 309-310.
Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Internalization on Regulation of the Phospholipase C-γ1 Signaling Pathway

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) elicit differential postendocytic processing of ligand and receptor molecules, which impacts long-term cell signaling outcomes. These differences arise from the higher affinity of the EGF-EGFR interaction versus that of TGFalpha-EGFR in the acidic conditions of sorting endosomes. To determine whether EGFR occupancy in endosomes might also affect short-term signaling events, we examined activation of the phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) pathway, an event shown to be essential for growth factor-induced cell motility. We found that EGF continues to stimulate maximal tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR following internalization, while, as expected, TGFalpha stimulates markedly less. The resulting higher level of receptor activation by EGF, however, did not yield higher levels of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis over those stimulated by TGFalpha. By altering the ratio of activated receptors between the cell surface and the internalized compartment, we found that only cell surface receptors effectively participate in PLC function. In contrast to PIP2 hydrolysis, PLC-gamma1 tyrosine phosphorylation correlated linearly with the total level of Tyr(P)-EGFR stimulated by either ligand, indicating that the functional deficiency of internal EGFR cannot be attributed to an inability to interact with and phosphorylate signaling proteins. We conclude that EGFR signaling through the PLC pathway is spatially restricted at a point between PLC-gamma1 phosphorylation and PIP2 hydrolysis, perhaps because of limited access of EGFR-bound PLC-gamma1 to its substrate in endocytic trafficking organelles.
Radial growth and variation of bounded analytic functions

Etude de la croissance radiale et de la variation radiale des fonctions analytiques bornees. Theoreme limite
The significance of high-risk human papillomavirus detection in women aged ≥ 50 years with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance cytologic preparations†

BACKGROUND. The use of high-risk human papillomavirus (HRHPV) testing in the triage of women with a cytologic diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) has gained widespread acceptance. To date, very little has been reported on the significance of the detection of HRHPV in elderly women. METHODS. Results of HRHPV testing performed on women aged ≥50 years were examined for a 20-month period. Reflex testing for HRHPV was performed on residual liquid-based cytology specimens from women who were diagnosed with ASC-US by using the Digene Hybrid Capture method. Follow-up information on women who had HRHPV detected was obtained from subsequent pathology reports (cytology and surgical). RESULTS. HRHPV testing was performed on 762 specimens from women aged ≥50 years; virus was detected in 105 specimens (13.8%), and follow-up was available in 63 of those women (60%). Follow-up results included negative tests in 32 women (50.8% of those with follow-up available), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in 26 women (41.3%), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in 5 women (7.9%). No glandular neoplasia or invasive carcinoma was identified. Relative light units/cutoff (RLU/CO) values ranged from 1 RLU/CO to 1705 RLU/CO; no significant associations were identified between RLU/CO values and follow-up results. CONCLUSIONS. Although HRHPV was detected in a minority of samples, HSIL was present in 7.9% of those with HRHPV. This confirms that the presence of HRHPV in women aged ≥50 years with ASC-US specimens needs clinical follow-up. There were no significant differences in RLU/CO values between women with positive versus negative follow-up to allow for further discrimination for follow-up. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2007. Published 2007 by the American Cancer Society.
Review of United States fuel-cell patents issued during 1963 and 1964

Abstract The two-year period, 1963 and 1964, was a banner one for fuel-cell patents; about six dozen patents were issued in the United States. This review paper discusses these patents under the following seven headings: (1) electrodes, (2) fuel-cell systems, (3) electrolytes, (4) regenerative fuel cells, (5) liquid-fuel fuel cells, (6) controls for fuel cells, and (7) devices that use fuel cells. Several technologically important or historically interesting patents were granted and include the Shell electrode (which was used in the construction of a 5-KW reformed methanol system) and the sodium-amalgam battery of Yeager.
Analytical Study, 1-D Optimization Modeling, and Testing of Electrode Supported Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

The need for an infrastructure to provide hydrogen as a next generation energy carrier is ever increasing. High temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have been proven to be a viable technology in the production of hydrogen [1]. With the increasing use of SOECs in various operating environments it is important to be able to specify the best SOEC for any given situation. We have developed a straightforward model to estimate cell performance in a timely and inexpensive manner. Composite electrode planer type SOEC models have been developed previously. It is a common assumption that all electrochemical reactions in these cells occur at the interface of the electrolyte and the electrode [2]. It has been shown by S. Gewies et al. [3] that the reactions occurring throughout a Ni/YSZ cermet electrode occur in a nonlinear fashion. Our one dimensional model has been developed to optimize SOECs with composite electrodes. This model takes into account ohmic, activation, and concentration polarizations. The electrochemical reaction that occurs within the electrode functional layers has been accounted for in the calculation of the concentration polarization. This is believed to give a more realistic view of the mass transfer that occurs in SOECs with composite electrodes via a simple and straightforward 1-D model.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Studies in comparative sugar preference in rodents: II. Individual differences

The glucose vs fructose preferences of deer mice, Florida mice and kangaroo rats were examined. In addition to quantitative species differences in intake and in preference, there were individual differences such that some Ss preferred the sweeter sugar of the pair, some preferred glucose regardless of sweetness, and an occasional S exhibited a spatial-position preference.