cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anisoplanatic Differential Tilt Measurements in the 2009 Laser Communications System Experiment

I revisit the 2009 Laser Communication System Experiment and apply recently described methods that allow the recovering of a number of atmospheric parameters using differential tilt measurements from point sources. I confirm that the new methods match previous results for C n 2 and may be used to recover other information about the atmospheric path from historical data.
Charged Nanoparticles Quench the Propulsion of Active Janus Colloids

Active colloidal particles regularly interact with surfaces in applications ranging from microfluidics to sensing. Recent work has revealed the complex nature of these surface interactions for acti...
Efficiency Limits of Underwater Solar Cells

Summary Operation of underwater vehicles and autonomous systems is currently limited by the lack of long-lasting power sources. These systems could potentially be powered using underwater solar cells, but the material requirements to achieve their full potential are not well understood. Using detailed-balance calculations, we show that underwater solar cells can exhibit efficiencies from ∼ 55% in shallow waters to more than 65% in deep waters, while maintaining a power density >5 mW cm−2. We show that the optimum band gap of the solar cell shifts by ∼ 0.6 eV between shallow and deep waters and plateaus at ∼ 2.1 eV at intermediate depths, independent of geographical location. This wide range in optimum band-gap energies opens the potential for a library of wide-band-gap semiconductors to be used for high-efficiency underwater solar cells. Our results provide a roadmap for proper choice of underwater solar cell materials, given the conditions at points of use.
Molecular-level environments of intercalated chloroaluminate anions in rechargeable aluminum-graphite batteries revealed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Rechargeable aluminum–graphite batteries are an emerging energy storage technology with great promise: they exhibit high rate performance, cyclability, and a discharge potential of approximately 2 V, while both electrodes are globally abundant, low cost, and inherently safe. The batteries use chloroaluminate-containing electrolytes and store charge in the graphite electrodes when molecular AlCl4− anions electrochemically intercalate within them. However, much remains to be understood regarding the ion intercalation mechanism, in part due to challenges associated with characterizing the chloroaluminate anions themselves. Here, we use solid-state 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to probe the molecular-level electronic and magnetic environments of intercalated chloroaluminate anions at different states-of-charge. The results reveal broad 27Al NMR signals associated with intercalated AlCl4− anions, reflecting high extents of local disorder. The intercalated anions experience a diversity of local environments, many of which are far from the ideal crystalline-like structures often depicted in graphite staging models. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the total 27Al isotropic shifts enable the contributions of chemical shift, ring-current effects, and electric quadrupolar interactions to be disentangled quantitatively. In combination, the solid-state NMR and DFT results reveal the molecular geometries and environments of intercalated AlCl4− anions and capture the significant disorder present in intercalated graphite battery electrodes.
Design and Fabrication of New High Entropy Alloys for Evaluating Titanium Replacements in Additive Manufacturing

High entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared using the powder bed fusion (PBF) technique. Among titanium free alloys AlCoCrFeNiMn, CoCr1.3FeMnNi0.7, AlCoCrFeNi1.3, and AlCoCr1.3FeNi1.3 have been further investigated. A cost comparison was done for these four alloys as well as the titanium-based alloys AlCoCrFeNiTi and AlCo0.8CrFeNiTi. Such a comparison was done in order to evaluate the performance of the titanium-free alloys as the estimated cost of these will be less than for Ti-based HEAs. Hence, we have chosen four titanium free alloys and two titanium-based alloys for further processing. All these alloys were fabricated and subsequently characterized for phase, purity and performance. Scanning electron microscopy-based images were captured for microstructure characterization. EIS-based tests and potentiodynamic scans were performed to evaluate corrosion current. Hardness tests were performed for mechanical properties evaluation. Additional testing using factorial design tests was performed to evaluate the effects of various parameters to create better PBF-based HEA samples. EBSD tests, accelerated corrosion tests (mass loss), chemical analysis after degradation, microstructure analysis before and after degradation, and mechanical property comparison for finalized samples and other similar tests were executed. The details about all these HEAs and subsequent laser processing as well as behavior of these HEAs have been included in this study. It has been observed that some of the selected alloys exhibit good performance compared to Ti-based alloys, especially with respect to improvements in elastic constant and hardness relative to commercially pure Ti.
Ediacaran and Cambrian paleosols from central Australia

Abstract Ediacaran to Cambrian red sandstones of the Northern Territory, including Arumbera Sandstone, and Grant Bluff and Central Mount Stuart formations, have been reexamined and sampled in order to reconstruct paleoenvironments from sedimentary facies and paleosols. Sedimentary facies include green-gray calcareous sandstone (Member III of Arumbera Sandstone only), red siltstone with calcareous nodules (also only Member III), and also non-calcareous red-green siltstone, interbedded red siltstone and sandstone, and trough bedded sandstone. The green-gray facies has diverse and distinctive Cambrian marine trace fossils, not found in the red beds which have instead an assemblage of problematic body fossils including Arumberia, Noffkarkys, Hallidaya, Ernietta, Trepassia, and Dickinsonia. The red facies are interpreted as fluvial paleochannels (trough cross bedded), fluvial levees (interbedded siltstone and sandstone), poorly drained floodplain (red-green siltstone), and well drained floodplain or low terrace (calcareous nodular). The carbonate nodules have micritic, replacive fabrics and a significant positive correlation of δ13C and δ18O characteristic of pedogenic carbonate of Calcid soils. Other red beds have pseudomorphous sand crystals after gypsum, like those of Gypsid soils. Individual red beds show negative strain and mass transfer for cationic bases typical of soils, as well as gradational alteration down from fossiliferous tops characteristic of soils. Their varied degree of pedogenic differentiation is identified as Psamment, Aquent and Ochrept paleosols. Phosphorus depletion in the paleosols is evidence that organisms lived in the paleosols, and were not introduced by transient marine incursions. The problematic quilted fossils Arumberia, Noffkarkys and Hallidaya formed a distinctive inland terrestrial polsterland during the Ediacaran and early Cambrian.
A Validation Study of the Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders Behavioral Checklist.

Background The initial confirmatory factor analysis of the Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder Behavioral Checklist (ABC) utilized a population of 203 children. The analysis identified 10 independent measures (executive functioning, attention and concentration, cognition, memory, confabulation, gullibility, communication skills, academic skills, living/social skills, and juvenile justice). The 10 measures differentiated children with FASD from non-FASD controls. In this study, we present a validity study of the ABC using a different population of children with FASD and non-FASD controls. Methods A chart review identified 224 children with ABC checklist scores who had been evaluated for FASD. From this sample, we implemented a case-control study of 76 children diagnosed with FASD and 76 non-FASD controls who were matched by gender and closest age in years (mean age was 8.5 years). Results The averages of the total score and individual domain scores were compared between the 2 data sets and then between children with FASD and non-FASD controls. Children with FASD had significantly higher scores on all 10 measures than the non-FASD controls. There were very high sensitivity and specificity scores for the total score cutoff and for all 10 of the individual measures. Conclusions In an independent sample, we found minimal differences between the previous data and the current validation study on measures of average total score cutoffs, scores for the 10 measures and correlations. Combining the 2 samples yielded robust differences in scores between children with FASD and non-FASD controls. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy estimates were also very high. The ABC Screen appears to have acceptable epidemiologic performance data to support its use as a screening tool and as an initial step in differentiating children with FASD from those who do not have FASD.
Electronic growth of Pd(111) nanostructures on MoS2

Quantum confinement effects can induce the formation of discrete nanostructures with well-defined preferred heights in thin metallic films. In most systems, such electronic growth modes are weak and limited to cryogenic conditions. Recently, however, we have discovered that metals grown upon van der Waals surfaces can exhibit electronic growth at, or even above, room temperature to spontaneously form well-defined and highly stable nanostructures. Here, we explore the initial stages of room temperature deposition of Pd onto MoS2. We found that, even for minimal thicknesses, Pd spontaneously formed discrete islands with three atomic layers. The islands maintained this preferred height for nominal coverages below three atomic layers. At higher coverages, the preferred height switched abruptly to six atomic layers. Unlike previous studies using Au or Ag, the islands did not increase laterally with coverage but rather increased in number with lateral size remaining about the same. The preferred heights in Pd/MoS2 correlate to the Pd Fermi surface topography and are also consistent with thicknesses showing minima in the density of states at the Fermi level, which suggest that the electronic growth modes are the driving factors in these self-assembled Pd nanostructures. The Pd system shows a preference for island nucleation compared to Au and Ag which grow laterally with increasing coverage. This is likely related to differences in bonding at the interface as Pd is typically much more reactive than Ag or Au.
The David O Selznick storyboard rehousing project: A case study

In 2018, the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin rehoused over 300 illustrated movie storyboards from the popular and frequently used David O Selznick Collection. Preservation ...
Graduate Education in the Time of COVID-19

“The Buzz” examines scholarly topics in light of present-day concerns and challenges. This edition centers on the unique challenges of graduate education as a result of the restrictions of COVID-19. Those contributing to this discussion include Sarah E. Fredericks (associate professor of environmental ethics at the University of Chicago Divinity School), Steven Weitzman (Abraham M. Ellis professor of Hebrew and Semitic languages and literatures at the University of Pennsylvania), and Matthew Goff (professor of religion at Florida State University).
The Pre-colonial Roots of Colonial Coercion: Evidence from British Burma

Given fiscal constraints, how did colonial states allocate coercion within their territories? This paper proposes a new explanation for variation in colonial coercion: the extent of pre-colonial state consolidation. When the pre-colonial state achieved control over local society via capture of local agents, the latter became more compliant to the state’s demands and received less coercion from the colonial state. I evaluate this argument in British Burma, exploiting two novel data sources: revenue inquests collected by the pre-colonial state that recorded the new local headman appointments, and colonial gazetteers that recorded the distribution of colonial police. I find that villages closer to locations with newly-appointed headman before colonization received significantly fewer colonial police. The main results are not explained by spatial correlation or the presence of other colonial institutions. Further evidence shows that these differences in colonial coercion also influence political violence patterns after independence.
Application of sodium fluorescein for spinal cord lesions: intraoperative localization for tissue biopsy and surgical resection.

Sodium fluorescein (NaFL) has been used to aid in the resection of primary and secondary lesions within the brain. Comparatively, there is limited research on clinical applications for lesions within the spinal cord. Fluorescein-guided microsurgery may increase the ability to localize and safely surgically treat spinal lesions. Twelve patients with spinal cord lesions received fluorescein sodium 10% (Alcon Laboratories INC, Fort Worth, TX, USA) at 3 mg/kg prior to surgical resection. Intraoperative visualization of fluorescence was performed using a Zeiss Pentero (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) microscope equipped with a Yellow560 filter or a Leica OH6 (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) equipped with a FL560 filter. Administration of NaFL resulted in lesional fluorescent contrast extravasation and facilitated surgical resection and localization in all twelve patients. In patients with a goal of complete resection, NaFL aided in complete resection of the spinal lesions in seven patients. In surgical resection patients, pathology was consistent with WHO grade I myxopapillary ependymoma in one patient, WHO grade II ependymoma in five patients, and nerve sheath tumor in one patient. In the other five patients, NaFL allowed for intraoperative tissue identification and successful tissue biopsy. In patients undergoing biopsy, tissue samples were positive for an intramedullary abscess, EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disease, and primary glial neoplasms. Fluorescein is a helpful microsurgical tool in guiding surgical resection and in the localization of intramedullary spinal lesions. Further research is necessary to explore fluorescein sodium applications in the resection of spinal cord lesions.
Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome in Older Adults: A Critical Review of the Literature

This paper is a critical overview of the literature on older adults' outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Eighteen outcome studies were reviewed. Results indicated that older patients demonstrated an increased risk for negative outcome following TBI when compared to younger patients with similar injury severity. Poorer outcome was characterized by higher mortality rates, decreased likelihood of returning to preinjury living arrangement, and declines in cognitive and affective functioning. In the studies reviewed, discharge destination, global outcome scales, and standardized neuropsychological tests were the primary measures of outcome from elderly TBI. Conceptual and methodological difficulties including variability in the definition of and inadequate measures of recovery from elderly TBI, inadequate control groups, and poor follow-up were discussed. Recommendations for future outcome research to increase uniformity in defining recovery in order to enhance comparability between studies and to tailor cognitive rehabilitation to the special needs of the older TBI patient were provided.
Temperature-sensitive mutants of Abelson murine leukemia virus deficient in protein tyrosine kinase activity.

Abstract The effect of two missense mutations in abl on transformation by Abelson murine leukemia virus was evaluated. These mutations led to the substitution of a histidine for Tyr-590 and a glycine for Lys-536. Both changes gave rise to strains that were temperature dependent for transformation of both NIH 3T3 cells and lymphoid cells when expressed in the context of a truncated Abelson protein. In the context of the prototype P120 v-abl protein, the Gly-536 substitution generated a host range mutant that induced conditional transformation in lymphoid cells but had only a subtle effect on NIH 3T3 cells. The combination of both substitutions gave rise to a P120 strain that was temperature sensitive for both NIH 3T3 and lymphoid cell transformation. The Abelson proteins encoded by the temperature-sensitive strain displayed in vitro kinase activities that were reduced when compared with those of wild-type proteins. In vivo, levels of phosphotyrosine were reduced only at the restrictive temperature. Analysis of cells expressing either the wild-type P160 v-abl protein or the P210 bcr/abl protein and an Abelson protein encoded by a temperature-sensitive strain failed to correct this defect, suggesting either that tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo is an intramolecular reaction or that the protein encoded by the temperature-sensitive strain is a poor substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo. These results raise the possibility that tyrosine phosphorylation of Abelson protein plays a role in transformation.
Bidirectional entry of poliovirus into polarized epithelial cells.

Abstract The interactions of viruses with polarized epithelial cells are of some significance to the pathogenesis of disease because these cell types comprise the primary barrier to many virus infections and also serve as the sites for virus release from the host. Poliovirus-epithelial cell interactions are of particular interest since this virus is an important enteric pathogen and the host cell receptor has been identified. In this study, poliovirus was observed to adsorb to both the apical and basolateral surfaces of polarized monkey kidney (Vero C1008) and human intestinal (Caco-2) epithelial cells but exhibited preferential binding to the basolateral surfaces of both cell types. Localization of the poliovirus receptor by a receptor-specific monoclonal antibody (D171) revealed a similar distribution predominantly on basolateral membranes, and treatment of cells with antibody D171 inhibited virus adsorption to both membrane surfaces. Poliovirus was able to initiate infection with similar efficiency following adsorption to either surface, and infection was blocked at both surfaces by D171, indicating that functional receptor molecules are expressed on both surfaces at sufficient density to mediate efficient infection at the apical and basolateral plasma membranes. Poliovirus infection resulted in a decrease in transepithelial resistance which was inhibited by prior treatment with monoclonal antibody D171 and occurred prior to other visible cytopathic effects. These results have interesting implications for viral pathogenesis in the human gut.
Integrated semiconductor bio-fluorescence sensor integrated on micro-fluidic platform

A VCSEL, PIN photodiode and emission filter are monolithically integrated to create a near infrared bio-fluorescence sensor. The theoretical detection limit of IR-800 fluorescent dye was determined to be 40 nM on a microfluidic platform.
Nonsympathetic dilator innervation of cat cerebral arteries

The results presented provide strong support for the presence of vasodilator innervation in the cat cerebral arteries. The dilator innervation is neither adrenergic nor cholinergic and does not originate in the superior cervical ganglia. The nature of the vasodilator transmitter is unidentified. Such innervation, however, may be involved in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, especially in view of the capability of some cat cerebral vessels to develop intrinsic muscle tone.
Unexplained polyhydramnios and perinatal outcomes

SRIRAM C. PERNI, JENNIFER E. CHO, ROBIN B. KALISH, MLADEN PREDANIC, STEPHEN T. CHASEN, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Obstetrics & Gynecology, New York, NY OBJECTIVE: The relationship between polyhydramnios and poor neonatal outcomes has been inconsistent in the literature. The aim of our study was to determine the correlation between unexplained polyhydramnios and adverse perinatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Over a 6-year period, 363 singleton pregnancies with polyhydramnios were identified from our ultrasound database. Patients with pregnancies complicated by diabetes or known fetal anomalies were excluded. Patients with polyhydramnios, defined as an amniotic fluid index (AFI) greater than 20 centimeters (cm), were stratified into categories of mild (AFI 20-24 cm), moderate (AFI 25-29 cm), and severe (AFI >30 cm). Perinatal outcome data were retrieved frommedical records. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, andMann-WhitneyU tests were used for statistical analysis where appropriate. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 304 pregnanciesmet inclusion criteria. Polyhydramnios wasmild in 190 cases (62%), moderate in 84 cases (28%), and severe in 30 cases (10%). There was a trend towards higher rates of malpresentation (15.4% vs 5.5%, P = 0.056) and cesarean section (74.1% vs 55.8%, P = 0.052) in cases with severe polyhydramnios, compared to mild and moderate. There was no association with fetal gender, birth weight, gestational age at delivery, incidence of preeclampsia, or NICU admission between pregnancies with severe polyhydramnios and those with mild/moderate polyhydramnios. While no neurological abnormalities were detected in neonates from the mild or moderate polyhydramnios groups, 2 of 30 neonates (6.7%) from the severe polyhydramnios group were neurologically abnormal (P < 0.001). One neonate experienced intractable seizures, and the other had dysmorphic features. CONCLUSION: In singleton pregnancies not complicated by diabetes or known fetal anomalies, polyhydramnios is associated with favorable outcomes in most cases. Severe polyhydramnios may indicate fetal neurological dysfunction, even in the absence of any apparent fetal abnormalities.
The loop complexity of pure-group events

An algorithm is presented for finding the loop complexity (sometimes known as “star height≓) of certain regular events. The algorithm works for those regular events whose syntactic monoid (i.e., semigroup) is a group. The existence of an algorithm that works for all regular events remains an open question.
Predicting the effect of tray malalignment on risk for bone damage and implant subsidence after total knee arthroplasty

Tibial tray malalignment has been associated with increased subsidence and failure. We constructed a finite element model of knee arthroplasty to determine the biomechanical factors involved in increasing the risk of subsidence with malalignment. Four fresh-frozen human knees were implanted with a tibial tray and subjected to forces representative of walking for up to 100,000 cycles. Cyclic displacement was measured between the tray and proximal tibia. The vertical load was shifted medially to generate a load distribution ratio of 55:45 (medial/lateral) to represent neutral alignment or 75:25 to represent varus alignment. Subjected specific geometry and material properties were obtained from qCT scans of tibia to construct a finite element model. The tray was subjected to a single load cycle representing experimental conditions. Tray displacement computed by the model matched that measured experimentally. Forces representing varus tray alignment generated greater strains in the proximal tibia and a greater volume of bone was subjected to strains higher than the fatigue threshold. Local compressive strains directly correlated with experimental subsidence and failure. Our results indicate that failure after tray malalignment is likely due to fatigue damage to the proximal tibia rather than shear across the implant–bone interface or failure of the cement mantle. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:347–353, 2011
Flexion contracture of the thumb: a malignant etiology

A patient was first seen with a flexion deformity of the thumb interphalangeal joint that was initially diagnosed and treated as traumatic in origin. A painful forearm soft tissue mass was ultimately discovered; biopsy of the flexor pollicis longus tendon showed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Extensive evaluation failed to locate the origin of the primary tumor. Treatment consisted of local radiation and systemic chemotherapy. After 1 year, the patient is alive and well, has no evidence of disease, and refuses correction of the thumb interphalangeal flexion contracture.
HPLC Laser Fluorometric Determination of Amines in Beer

Abstract A method has been developed for the rapid and accurate determination of the predominant aliphatic amines in beer. Chromatography was performed on a reverse phase C18 column using an acetonitrile-water solvent gradient. Chromatographic detection was facilitated by pre-column derivatization with 7-Chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) which fluoresces under visible light (in this case an argon ion laser operating at 488 nm) after reaction with an amine. Response was linear over four decades of concentration with detection limits at approximately five picograms injected.
Impact theory for the noble gas pressure-induced HCl vibration-rotation and pure rotation line shifts—II☆

Abstract The impact theory presented in a previous article is applied to the calculation of the noble gas pressure-induced shifts of the 0–1, 0–2 and pure rotational band lines of HCl. The results compare reasonably well with experiment, in that the theory explains in large part the dependence of the shifts on the rotational and vibrational quantum numbers as well as the polarizability of the noble gas perturber. Further modifications which could improve the agreement with experiment are discussed briefly.
Preliminary results on CuInSe2/ZnSe solar cells using reactively sputter-deposited ZnSe

In this paper preliminary results on CuInSe2/ZnSe thin film heterojunction photovoltaic devices are presented. High-conductivity ZnSe films were reactively sutter-deposited onto CuInSe2 films and overcoated with ZnO to reduce the sheet resistance. The highest short-circuit current density, as determined from a spectral response weighted for air mass 1.5 global insolation, was 37.4 mA/sq cm. The highest pen-circuit voltage observed was 430 mV.
Bromination of Aromatics With Pyridinium Hydrobromide Perbromide: An Organic Laboratory Experiment

Bromination of aniline and anisole derivatives with pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide (PHP) has been selectively achieved. By selecting appropriate reaction conditions, monobrominated, dibrominated, and, in some instances, tribrominated products may be obtained. PHP provides a safe and environmentally friendly way to conduct aromatic brominations. Pedagogic opportunities for this experiment are wide-ranging. GC-MS may be used for the separation of product mixtures. Steric and solvent effects may also be discussed as the scope and limitations of this technique are investigated in the organic laboratory.
A social ecological approach to investigating relationships between housing and adaptive functioning for persons with serious mental illness.

This paper seeks to advance mental health—housing research regarding which factors of housing and neighborhood environments are critical for adaptive functioning, health, and recovery for persons with serious mental illness (SMI). Housing and neighborhood environments are particularly important for persons with SMI because of the prevalence of poor housing conditions among this population. Most mental health—housing research has been limited by a focus on problems in environments and functioning. The paper seeks to expand the mental health—housing research agenda to consider protective factors that promote community integration and adaptive functioning. We provide an account of how social ecology theory transformed a research program, from examining individual risk factors to investigating the functioning of persons in the contexts of their housing and neighborhood experiences. The resulting housing environment framework—physical aspects of housing and neighborhoods, social environment of neighborhoods, and interpersonal relationships tied to housing—allows for identification of opportunities for health promotion and facilitation of participation in community-based settings. This program of research draws upon several methods to understand the social experience of persons with SMI living in community settings—survey research, qualitative interviews, Geographic Information Systems, participatory research, and visual ethnography. In this paper, we present how social ecology theory was instrumental in the development of new housing environment measures, the selection of appropriate research methods, and framing research questions that are building a new empirical base of knowledge about promoting adaptive functioning, health, and recovery for persons with SMI living in community settings.
Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation during Diabetic Pars Plana Vitrectomy

Abstract Combined cataract removal, posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation, and pars plana vitrectomy were performed in 15 diabetic patients who presented with coexisting cataract and vitreoretinal complications from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Posterior chamber IOLs were placed anterior to the anterior lens capsule after pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy in nine eyes, whereas extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with PC IOL placement was performed before vitrectomy in six eyes. Panretinal laser endophotocoagulation was applied in 13 of the 15 eyes as an important part of the operative procedure. Because of. inactive diabetic retinopathy or satisfactory preoperative panretinal photocoagulation, 2 of the 15 eyes did not receive laser endophotocoagulation. Visual acuity was improved in 12 eyes and was similar to preoperative vision in 3 eyes. After a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of 28 months of follow-up, the visual results are the following: 20/40 or better (4 eyes), 20/50 to 20/200 (5 eyes), 20/400 to 5/200 (5 eyes), and hand motions (1 eye). Although 5 of the 15 eyes required secondary vitreoretinal procedures, neovascular glaucoma and complications attributable to the IOL did not occur. A recurrent postoperative retinal detachment (RD) developed with subsequent hypotony and rubeosis iridis in 1 of the 15 eyes.
Phenomenology as a Poetic Realism: Remembering Jan Hendrick van den Berg

For nearly a half century, I knew Jan Hendrick van den Berg, first when I was a graduate student at Duquesne University where he was a visiting professor on several occasions. Later, I came to know...
SU-E-T-611: Utilizing Machine Learning Techniques for Beam Angle Selection in Radiation Treatment Planning

Purpose: To utilize machine learning techniques within beam angle optimization to determine an optimal Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) beam angle set. Methods: The input data were derived from a collection of equally‐spaced seven‐beam plans (e‐plans) generated using the Pinnacle. This collection of e‐plans contains all 72 beam angles corresponding to 5 degree spacing, and the dose delivered to patient tissues from each of these 72 angles was extracted to generate p‐scores. Equally‐spaced beam sets are commonly used in clinical practice, so this set of plans not only provides initial input data for our beam angle selection (BAS) procedure, but also provides a good set of benchmarks against which treatment improvement may be measured. A beam set scoring function was developed based on a weighted sum of overdose/underdose criteria. The Nested Partitions (NP) global optimization framework is then utilized to guide a sample‐based search for the global optimal of the beam angle space. In our NP‐based approach to BAS, a single sample is a 7‐beam set satisfying beam spacing constraints. A fast scoring method based on the e‐plan single‐beam dose data was used to obtain an initial approximate score (c‐score) and a set of dose component scores for each beam set. Machine learning techniques were then employed to predict each dose component, and these values were used to compute a predicted score. Results: The average improvements in p‐scores for 5 cases were 43%, 29% and 11% comparing to default eplan, best eplan and conventional NP (without ML). 10%, 12% and 15% improvement was achieved for sparing of spinal cord, brain stem and oral mucosa, respectively. Conclusions:Machine learning tools provide an effective technique for rapid high‐quality approximate scoring for beam angle sets in IMRT. This approximation process leads to excellent beam sets when embedded within the NP global optimization framework. This work was supported in part by a grant from the NIH/NCI CA130814.
Longitudinal assessment of temperament from birth to 2 years: A comparison of full-term and preterm infants

Abstract Temperament stability from birth to 2 years was compared between 63 preterm and 67 full-term infants. The neonatal assessment included measures of irritability, resistance to soothing, reactivity, reinforcement value, and activity level. At 24 months composite ratings were made in the laboratory of emotional tone, attentiveness, activity, and orientation to staff. Previous analyses had indicated that the irritable full-term neonate was likely to be more distressed, less attentive, less positive toward the staff, and more variable in activity across observation periods at 24 months. The preterm infant did not demonstrate similar behavioral stability from the lying-in period to 24 months. It was suggested that prematurity may mask the full expression of temperament, especially as related to measures of emotionality.
Texture evolution maps for upset deformation of body-centered cubic metals

Abstract Texture evolution maps are used as a tool to visualize texture development during upset deformation in body-centered cubic metals. These maps reveal initial grain orientations that tend toward normal direction (ND)||〈1 1 1〉 versus ND||〈1 0 0〉. To produce these maps, a finite element analysis (FEA) with a rate-dependent crystal plasticity constitutive relation for tantalum is used. A reference case having zero workpiece/die friction shows that ∼64% of randomly oriented grains rotate toward ND||〈1 1 1〉 and ∼36% rotate toward ND||〈1 0 0〉. The maps show well-established trends that increasing strain rate sensitivity and decreasing latent-to-self hardening ratio reduce both 〈1 1 1〉 and 〈1 0 0〉 percentages, leading to more diffuse textures. Reducing operative slip systems from both {1 1 0}/〈1 1 1〉 and {1 1 2}/〈1 1 1〉 to just {1 1 0}/〈1 1 1〉 has a mixed effect: it increases the 〈1 1 1〉 percentage but decreases the 〈1 0 0〉 percentage. Reducing the number of slip systems and increasing the number of FEA integration points per grain strengthen 〈1 1 1〉–〈1 0 0〉 texture bands that are observed experimentally.
Stereoelectronics of silyloxybenzoic acids

Abstract Synthetic organic chemists generally think of silyl ethers as easier-to-cleave alkyl ethers, frequently neglecting to consider both the unique facets of elemental silicon and the size of commonly used trialkylsilyl protecting groups. In this study, several ortho- and para-silyloxybenzoic acids were investigated spectroscopically and as catalysts for a Friedel–Crafts reaction, with results highlighting some of the underestimated aspects of trialkylsilyloxyl substituents.
Three-dimensional, in vivo MRI with self-gating and image coregistration in the mouse

Motion during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans routinely results in undesirable image artifact or blurring. Since high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the mouse requires long scan times for satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and image quality, motion-related artifacts are likely over much of the body and limit applications of mouse MRI. In this investigation, we explored the use of self-gated imaging methods and image coregistration for improving image quality in the presence of motion. Self-gated signal results from a modified 3D gradient-echo sequence showed detection of periodic respiratory and cardiac motion in the adult mouse—with excellent comparison to traditional measurements, sensitivity to respiration-induced tissue changes in the brain, and even detection of embryonic cardiac motion in utero. Serial image coregistration with rapidly-acquired, low-SNR volumes further enabled detection and correction of bulk changes in embryo location during in utero imaging sessions and subsequent reconstruction of high-quality images. These methods, in combination, are shown to expand the range of applications for 3D mouse MRI, enabling late-stage embryonic heart imaging and introducing the possibility of longitudinal developmental studies from embryonic stages through adulthood.
States in C 12 Between 16.4 and 19.6 MeV

The states of ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ in the energy region $16.4 \mathrm{MeV}l{E}_{x}({\mathrm{C}}^{12*})l19.6 \mathrm{MeV}$ have been studied by bombarding ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}$ with protons in the range $0.5 \mathrm{MeV}l{E}_{p}l4.0 \mathrm{MeV}$. Many angular distributions and yield curves were measured for the capture gamma rays forming the ground state and first excited state of ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ and for the alpha-particle transitions to the ground state and first excited state of ${\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$. The total-neutron-yield curve was determined by measuring the yield of residual ${\mathrm{C}}^{11}$ activity. The absolute inelastic proton-scattering cross section was also determined and used to normalize the relative-yield curve of other investigators. The elastic proton scattering was measured as a function of energy at several angles. Some $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ angular-correlation measurements were made at one resonance. In all, nine distinct resonances were studied and given spin, parity, and isospin assignments with varying degrees of completeness. In most cases in which earlier assignments had been made, these assignments were confirmed. The observed levels are compared with those predicted by particle-hole calculations. It is concluded that the particle-hole model is consistent with most of the observed structure, and that all of the predicted levels in this region have been at least tentatively identified.
THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL GAINS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME IN BELGIUM

In an earlier paper, we presented estimates of capital gains for a number of categories of assets owned by Belgian households. The purpose of the present paper is to see how the distribution of disposable income between socio-economic groups is modified when one adopts a “broadened” definition of income which includes capital gains corrected for losses of purchasing power. The main result of the study is that at current prices, the adoption of a broadened definition of income strongly increases disparities between socio-economic groups. However, when one takes into account losses in purchasing power, conclusions differ according to the period analyzed. For the years 1953–68, it appears that the distribution of broadened disposable income is more unequal than the distribution of disposable income. For the years 1969–77 when inflation was high, the adoption of a broadened definition of income has reduced disparities, with the important exception of old age pensioners.
Ribonuclease I released from Escherichia coli by osmotic shock

Abstract Levels of Ribonuclease I (2.7.7.h) released from Escherichia coli K-37 by osmotic shock procedures were measured for cells grown under different conditions. In general, half the Ribonuclease I was recovered from E. coli K-37 by osmotic shock, but with cells grown under conditions of magnesium starvation much less activity was released. Elution patterns of Ribonuclease I from CG-50 resin were dependent upon procedures used in the purification and not upon the method of extraction from the cell. This evidence supports the proposal that there is only one Ribonuclease I in E. coli.
Acute and chronic effects of β-hydroxybutyrate on food intake and body weight.

The use of low carbohydrate diets to control body weight has increased in recent years. In humans, one consequence of such a diet is the production of ketone bodies, which are used by the brain and body as fuel when glucose is in short supply. It has been previously demonstrated that chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), one of three ketone bodies, reduces body weight and food intake in rats over a 28 day period. The mechanisms by which β-HB reduces food intake and the effects of acute administration of this ketone body are currently unknown. The present series of experiments examined the effects of acute β-HB administration (intraperitoneally, IP) and long-term (chronic ICV infusion) β-HB treatment on food intake, body weight, and endocrine profiles. Acute β-HB (100 and 200 μmol) produced a significant, yet transient, decrease in food intake, as compared to saline-treated controls (1.34 and 1.36 vs. 3.43 g, respectively (p
NIOSH AutoROPS Research to Practice: Zero Turn Commercial Mowers

Marketing new safety devices is a critical function on the research-to-practice path. This path to adoption of new safety technology is not always straightforward. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Automatically deployable Rollover Protective Structure (AutoROPS) is a passive safety device developed to protect tractor operators in an overturn event. Tractor overturns kill more than 100 farmers each year in the United States (Myers, 2003). This technology was first designed to target the agricultural low-clearance environments involving “low-profile” tractors where traditional ROPS may not be feasible. These tractors are exempted from ROPS use as stated in OSHA 1928.51(b) (5) (i & ii). The upper portion of the AutoROPS remains retracted under low clearance areas but deploys to full height when an overturn is detected. The AutoROPS has been tested under both field and laboratory conditions prescribed in the ROPS performance standard, SAE J2194. To translate successful research into occupational practice, NIOSH formed a partnership with FEMCO, a ROPS manufacturer, in 2003. FEMCO’s efforts found Scag Power Equipment, a zero-turn commercial mower manufacturer. NIOSH has partnered with them as well. The Scag AutoROPS has been successfully laboratory tested to industry standards. Preliminary field evaluations of the deployment system have been conducted in preparation for field upset tests. Product development, test procedures, test results, and current marketing efforts are presented on this innovative safety device.
Photoionization of the Be isoelectronic sequence from the ground and the 1 S bound excited states

Theoretical photoionization spectra below the 2p threshold of the Be isoelectronic sequence from the ground and a few selected $^{1}$S bound excited states are calculated using a B-spline-based configuration-interaction approach. The resonant structures of the doubly excited autoionization series following photoionization from different initial states are analyzed in detail in terms of various initial- and final-state multielectron interactions. In addition, our calculation has shown that the resonant widths vary smoothly as functions of the effective principal quantum number \ensuremath{\nu} along the autoionization series and approach approximately an expected ${\ensuremath{\nu}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ dependence as \ensuremath{\nu} increases.
Rapid separation and continuous monitoring of enzyme activity in chromatographic column effluents

Abstract Many enzymes have been shown to exist in multiple molecular forms called isoenzymes (1). Isoenzymes have been separated by electrophoresis (2), DEAE-cellulose chromatography (3), and ion-exchange chromatography (4). Methods for the estimation of isoenzyme activities in mixtures have been based on differences in heat stability (5), kinetic properties (6), and affinity for ion-exchange gels in batch procedures (7). Because it is relatively nondestructive, column chromatography is desirable as a preparative procedure. Column procedures are usually time consuming, requiring the collection and assay of many fractions. Even with the use of instrumentation for the complete automation of enzyme assays of the fractions (8), much time and many manipulations would be required for a single experiment involving a large number of fractions. Continuous analysis of enzyme activity in column effluents can greatly reduce the time required for separation experiments, increase the analytical information about the resolution of separations, and yield quantitative data immediately at the end of each separation procedure. One method for continuous monitoring of enzyme activity in column effluents has been described (9). This paper describes the use of a continuous enzyme analyzer (10, 11) with an automated column programer (12) for the continuous monitoring and rapid separation of isoenzymes on DEAE-Sephadex ion-exchange gels.
The dynamics of dividends, earnings and prices: evidence and implications for dividend smoothing and signaling

Abstract This paper examines the dynamic relations among corporate dividends, earnings and prices, and the implications of these relations for dividend signaling and smoothing. A multiple hypotheses testing method is employed to identify causal relations among the three financial variables and to test the empirical implications of dividend smoothing and signaling models. The results show that dynamic relations exist among dividends, earnings and prices. Empirical evidence is consistent with the contention that dividend changes are often driven by both signaling and smoothing motives. Additional tests are developed to differentiate between the dividend signaling and smoothing models. These tests impose restrictions on the dynamics of the financial variables and information signaling. It is found that dividend changes frequently provide information about unexpected changes in future earnings for a little more than a year.
Multiple-channel silicon micro-resonator based filters for WDM applications

We demonstrate predictable resonance wavelength shifts in silicon micro-resonators by varying their perimeters using high-resolution lithography. The linear coefficient between the resonance wavelength shifts and the perimeter changes is determined with detailed experiments, and found to be nearly constant across the C and L bands in telecommunications. This empirical coefficient is also compared to that obtained from simulations on straight waveguides. Based on the linear model, without post-fabrication trimming or tuning, an eight-channel wavelength de-multiplexer with reasonably predicted average channel spacing ~ 1.8+/-0.1 nm (3dB bandwidth ~ 0.7+/-0.1 nm) is demonstrated at telecommunication bands in a silicon chip for the first time. This filter has out-of-band rejection ratio ~ 40 dB, low channel crosstalk </= 30 dB and low channel dropping loss </= 4+/-1 dB except for degraded performance in one channel due to fabrication imperfections.
Ten-Year Institutional Experience With Palliative Surgery for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Risk Factors Related to Stage I Mortality

Background We reviewed 212 consecutive patients who underwent stage I palliative surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) at our institution between January 1983 and June 1993. Methods and Results Six surgeons participated in the care of these patients. Follow-up is 97% complete. Preoperative anatomic and physiological factors and procedural features of the stage I operation were analyzed for impact on stage I mortality, survival to stage II palliation, and actuarial survival. Hospital mortality was not significantly lower during the second half of the study period (P=.242). Operative mortality was 46.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed improved stage I operative survival in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and aortic stenosis (AS; P=.006). Additional risk factors for stage I mortality were a lower immediately pre–stage I pH (P=.034) and weight <3 kg (P=.015). Overall first-year actuarial survival for MS/AS was 59%, and it was 33% for all others (P=.001). Among stage I survivors, patients with ...