cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of three heat transfer enhancement strategies in a grooved channel

Results of a comparative evaluation of three heat transfer enhancement strategies for forced convection cooling of a parallel plate channel populated with heated blocks, representing electronic components mounted on printed circuit boards, are reported. Heat transfer in the reference geometry, the asymmetrically heated parallel plate channel, is compared with that for the basic grooved channel, and the same geometry enhanced by cylinders and vanes placed above the downstream edge of each heated block. In addition to conventional heat transfer and pressure drop measurements, holographic interferometry combined with high-speed cinematography was used to visualize the unsteady temperature fields in the self-sustained oscillatory flow. The locations of increased heat transfer within one channel periodicity depend on the enhancement technique applied, and were identified by analyzing the unsteady temperature distributions visualized by holographic interferometry. This approach allowed gaining insight into the mechanisms responsible for heat transfer enhancement. Experiments were conducted at moderate flow velocities in the laminar, transitional and turbulent flow regimes. Reynolds numbers were varied in the range Re = 200–6500, corresponding to flow velocities from 0.076 to 2.36 m/s. Flow oscillations were first observed between Re = 1050 and 1320 for the basic grooved channel, and around Re = 350 and 450 for the grooved channels equipped with cylinders and vanes, respectively. At Reynolds numbers above the onset of oscillations and in the transitional flow regime, heat transfer rates in the investigated grooved channels exceeded the performance of the reference geometry, the asymmetrically heated parallel plate channel. Heat transfer in the grooved channels enhanced with cylinders and vanes showed an increase by a factor of 1.2–1.8 and 1.5–3.5, respectively, when compared to data obtained for the basic grooved channel; however, the accompanying pressure drop penalties also increased significantly.
Donepezil in the Prevention and Treatment of Post-Surgical Delirium

Objective Delirium is a frequent complication of major surgery in older persons. The authors evaluated the possible benefit of donepezil versus placebo in the prevention and treatment of postoperative delirium in an older population without dementia undergoing elective total joint-replacement surgery. Methods A sample of 80 patients participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil. Each participant was evaluated before surgery and then received donepezil or placebo for 14 days before surgery and 14 days afterward. Postoperative delirium was assessed with the Delirium Symptom Interview, Confusion Assessment Method, daily medical record, nurse-observation reviews, and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for delirium. Subsyndromal delirium was also assessed for each participant. Results Delirium, diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria, was found on at least 1 postoperative day in 18.8% of subjects, but there were no significant differences between the donepezil and placebo groups. When delirium was present, it lasted only 1 day, and there was no difference between the groups. Subsyndromal delirium was found on at least 1 postoperative day for 68.8% of subjects, and, when this occurred, lasted 2 days or less, on average. There was no difference between the groups in the occurrence or duration of subsyndromal delirium. There was no difference between the groups in disposition to home or to another facility. Conclusions This pilot study was unable to demonstrate a benefit for donepezil in preventing or treating delirium in a relatively young and cognitively-intact group of elderly patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Furthermore, postoperative delirium was not a major problem in this population.
Analysis of lexical-semantic processing and extensive neurological, electrophysiological, speech perception, and language evaluation following a unilateral left hemisphere lesion: Pure word deafness?

Background : Theoretical models of lexical-semantic processing that explicate the relationships between spoken word comprehension, repetition, and writing to dictation are discussed in relation to pure word deafness (PWD). Various theories relative to the neuroanatomical sites and pathophysiological/electrophysiological mechanisms that cause the speech perception deficit seen in PWD are reviewed, as well as case studies that have identified variables that facilitate comprehension of spoken language for individuals with PWD. Aims : A case study of an individual with an extensive and complex neurological history and a constellation of symptoms suggestive of PWD is presented. Extensive evaluation, including experimental tasks developed to test a theoretical lexical processing model, was undertaken to determine whether this case fitted the criteria for a diagnosis of PWD. Methods & Procedures : Extensive neurological, electrophysiological, speech perception, and language testing was undertaken to confirm site...
End-joining of DNA fragments in adenovirus transfection of human cells

Abstract Overlapping terminal fragments of adenovirus DNA transfected into human cells either recombine to form standard unit-length genomes, or can join end-to-end to produce internally redundant, viable, genomes. The end-joining reaction in human HeLa and A549 cells is almost as efficient as the recombination reaction, and is relatively insensitive to the nature of the ends, as pairs of fragments terminating in several different single strands or in blunt ends can join. In contrast to the results from transfection with SV40, the ends are usually modified, for example by the loss of 3′ single strands or the repair of 5′ single strands. The ability to recover viable redundant molecules is not confined to any one area of the adenovirus genome, but can occur in the El and L2 regions as well as in the E2b region. The redundant genomes contain extra splice signals and may have the capacity to encode fusion proteins.
Reaction pathways in pentachlorophenol synthesis. 1. Temperature-programmed reaction

Pentachlorophenol, a wood preservative for nonresidential applications, contains parts per million levels of dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans with six or more chlorine atoms. There is interest in reducing the levels of these microcontaminants in pentachlorophenol. We conducted pentachlorophenol synthesis reactions in the laboratory to demonstrate the ability to mimic the commercially practiced temperature-programmed synthesis and to identify an operating region where mass-transfer limitations were effectively eliminated. The laboratory system was operated in a temperature-programmed fashion and produced pentachlorophenol with a yield and microcontaminant content similar to those of the commercially produced material. The experiments also revealed a stirring rate, number of gas spargers, and chlorine flow rate that enabled the laboratory-scale reaction to proceed in the kinetics-controlled regime. Results indicated that microcontaminant formation was low until near the end of the run where the microcontami...
Antigen diversity in the bacterium B. hermsii through “Somatic” mutations in rearranged vmp genes

B. hermsii counters host immunity with multiphasic antigenic variation. This is conferred by interplasmidic and intraplasmidic rearrangements of vmp genes. In several independent events, activation of a silent vmp gene through intraplasmidic deletions but not interplasmidic recombinations was followed by the appearance at its 5' end of multiple mutations that were not present in the silent gene. The prevalence of mutant alleles in postwitch populations increased during infections. Differences between the silent and expressed genes were at the same nucleotides at which vmp pseudogenes differed, suggesting these were templates for postswitch gene conversions. The mechanism of this bacterium to generate diversity, namely, intramolecular deletions followed by mutations in the rearranged gene, mirrors the strategy used by vertebrate hosts to eliminate it.
A novel cephalosporin dehydrothiazine ring cleavage mode

Abstract The oxime and the tosylhydrazone of the phenoxyacetylcephalosporin-2-carboxaldehyde 4 have been shown to undergo novel and similar rearrangements in basic media. These processes resulted in the cleavage of the Δ 3 double bond, with retention of all atoms of the starting materials.
Steric Barrier to Bathorhodopsin Decay in 5-Demethyl and Mesityl Analogues of Rhodopsin

Absorbance difference spectra were recorded from 20 ns to 1 μs after 20 °C photoexcitation of artificial visual pigments derived either from 5-demethylretinal or from a mesityl analogue of retinal. Both pigments produced an early photointermediate similar to bovine bathorhodopsin (Batho). In both cases the Batho analogue decayed to a lumirhodopsin (Lumi) analogue via a blue-shifted intermediate, BSI, which formed an equilibrium with the Batho analogue. The stability of 5-demethyl Batho, even though the C8-hydrogen of the polyene chain cannot interact with a ring C5-methyl group to provide a barrier to Batho decay, raises the possibility that the 5-demethylretinal ring binds oppositely from normal to form a pigment with a 6-s-trans ring-chain conformation. If 6-s-trans binding occurred, the ring C1-methyls could replace the C5-methyl in its interaction with the chain C8-hydrogen to preserve the steric barrier to Batho decay, consistent with the kinetic results. The possibility of 6-s-trans binding for 5-de...
Engineering E. coli for triglyceride accumulation through native and heterologous metabolic reactions

Triglycerides, traditionally sourced from plant oils, are heavily used in both industrial and healthcare applications. Commercially significant products produced from triglycerides include biodiesel, lubricants, moisturizers, and oils for cooking and dietary supplements. The need to rely upon plant-based production, however, raises concerns of increasing demand and sustainability. The reliance on crop yields and a strong demand for triglycerides provides motivation to engineer production from a robust microbial platform. In this study, Escherichia coli was engineered to synthesize and accumulate triglycerides. Triglycerides were produced from cell wall phospholipid precursors through engineered expression of two enzymes, phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT). A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method was developed to analyze the production of triglycerides by the engineered E. coli strains. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated a yield of 1.1 mg/L triglycerides (2 g/L dry cell weight) in lysogeny broth medium containing 5 g/L glucose at 8 h following induction of PAP and DGAT expression. LC–MS results also demonstrated that the intracellular triglyceride composition of E. coli was highly conserved. Triglycerides containing the fatty acid distributions 16:0/16:0/16:1, 16:0/16:0/18:1, and 18:1/16:0/16:1 were found in highest concentrations and represent ∼70 % of triglycerides observed.
Expert system for noise-ridden interferometric data analysis

Automation of interferogram analysis is very important for successful application of all interferometric measurement techniques. In high-speed aerodynamics or experimental mechanics, complex noise-ridden fringe patterns frequently arise due to prevailing adverse environments. In conventional practice, only local information has been heavily utilized to reduce background noise or to correct phase information. Under these circumstances, the currently available techniques, that is, fringe tracking, phase-shifting, Fourier transform, and regression methods, confront difficulties in phase unwrapping and thus need substantial interactive manual operations. The developed rule-based expert system utilizes both global/regional and local information, and makes use of expert knowledge. It can thus provide a potential for more comprehensive automation in noise reduction and phase unwrapping. The developed expert system adopts a hybrid mechanism in a single package, that is, the low-level and high-level processings to produce an optimal solution in fringe analysis. The system can be coupled with any current interferometric reduction techniques, being based on the analysis of isophase contour lines.
Effects of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Chromosomes of Human Leukocytes and Human Fetal Lung Cells

Blood from two male and two female donors was exposed at 37° for 4 hr to concentrations of 60.0, 6.0, 0.6, and 0.06 μg of a widely used plasticizer, bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, per milliliter of blood. The bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate was solubilized with polysorbate 80. Appropriate polysorbate and nonpolysorbate controls also were established. Following the 4 hr of incubation, phytohemagglutinin was added and tissue cultures were established. In addition, human fetal lung cells were exposed in tissue culture to a medium containing 6.0 μg/ml of bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate in polysorbate 80 for 5 days. Similar controls also were established for these experiments. Analysis of chromosome preparations from all cultures obtained failed to show any increased evidence of isochromatid and chromatid breaks or gaps or abnormal forms at any studied concentration when compared to the control cultures. In addition, analysis of fetal lung cell preparations for aneuploidy failed to reveal any differences between cells from study and control cultures. This study involved a short‐term exposure to bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate in various concentrations which did not cause damage in leukocytes or fetal lung cells.
Some recent results on niche graphs

Abstract In an earlier paper entitled “Niche graphs” written by Cable, Jones, Lundgren and Seager, niche graphs were introduced and examples were provided of graphs which have niche number 0, 1, 2, and ∞. However, no examples were found of a niche graph having finite niche number 3 or larger. We still have had no success in our efforts to find such a graph. Nevertheless we have gotten some interesting results. For example, we show in this paper that if there is such a graph, then there must be one which is connected. We also show that the niche number of a graph which has a finite niche number is ≤ 2 3 |V(G)|. In addition we determine the niche number of all “wheel” graphs.
Periodic operation of asymmetric bidirectional fixed-bed reactors: energy efficiency

Abstract Evaluation of the energy efficiency of a fixed-bed reactor in cyclic operation, subject to alternate swings of an exothermic and an endothermic reaction, is the basis of this study. During an exothermic semi-cycle an exothermic reaction takes place to heat the bed while during an endothermic semi-cycle that follows an endothermic reaction takes place in the bed, with reactants fed into the bed from the opposite direction. A fixed-bed operated periodically in the above-described mode is asymmetric as the dynamic nature of the bed changes during each cycle. It is shown that to operate such an asymmetric fixed-bed reactor in a periodic steady state, two conditions need to be satisfied—the energy liberated during the exothermic semi-cycle should be equal to or greater than the energy consumed during the endothermic semi-cycle, and the product of the front velocity and semi-cycle period for the endothermic semi-cycle must be equal to or greater than that for the exothermic semi-cycle. The energy efficiency and conversions for both reactions increase with increasing bed length and decreasing semi-cycle periods for a fixed ratio of the exothermic and endothermic semi-cycle periods. The effect on operability and energy efficiency of the heats of reactions, inlet mass fluxes, front velocities during both semi-cycles, and of the ratio as well as the magnitude of individual semi-cycle periods is discussed.
CA 125 may not reflect disease status in patients with uterine serous carcinoma

BACKGROUND Although CA 125 level correlates with response to therapy in patients with serous carcinoma of the ovary, the utility of CA 125 in patients with high risk or metastatic endometrial carcinoma has not been established. METHODS CA 125 was tested as a marker of disease status in patients with endometrial serous carcinoma (SC) undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. All patients received monthly intravenous chemotherapy with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin at standard doses (median number of courses, 6; range, 2-8 courses). Serum CA 125 was measured at diagnosis and before each course. After the completion of chemotherapy, patients were examined every 3 months and the CA 125 level was measured. RESULTS A total of 220 serum specimens from 15 patients with invasive SC were analyzed. All five patients who died of disease had clinical or radiographic evidence of tumor, which CA 125 elevation did not precede or predict. One patient with advanced disease at staging never had an elevated CA 125 level but died of disseminated disease 14 months after diagnosis. At last follow-up, 3 patients who were without evidence of disease > 36 months from diagnosis had significant false-positive elevations in their CA 125 level (>50 u/mL) lasting 1, 2, and 4 months, respectively, during therapy. The sensitivity for advanced disease was only 57% at presentation. CONCLUSIONS CA 125 may reflect advanced stage disease and portend a poor prognosis, but may not add information to that gained by history and physical examination, preoperative studies, or surgery that already is mandated by this high risk histology. This circulating marker appears to have limited utility in monitoring the effects of adjuvant therapy for SC, and may not predict recurrence in the absence of other clinical findings. Cancer 1998;82:1720-5. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Free Amino Acids in Sea-Urchin Eggs and Embryos.∗

SummaryThe free amino acids of sea-urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) eggs and embryos were extracted with 75% ethanol and identified by means of paper chromatography. Extracts of unfertilized eggs contain relatively large amounts of glycine and small amounts of alanine, glutamic acid, valine, threonine, lysine, glutamine, and leucine (or isoleucine) as well as several peptides and unknown ninhydrin-positive substances. The patterns of amino acid and peptide spots on chromatograms of extracts of cleavage stages, blastulae, gastrulae and prism larvae are dissimilar to that of unfertilized eggs.The author is indebted to Mr. Arthur Karler from the Division of Medical Physics for advice on chromatographic technics.
Where do we go from here? Climate change as a human affair:

Although climate change has slowly emerged in academic, media and political debates as an important social issue, it might be too slow for something to change significantly before it is too late. A...
Logical consequence: An epistemic outlook

Logical Consequence: An Epistemic Outlook Author(s): Gila Sher Source: The Monist, Vol. 85, No. 4, Consequences (OCTOBER 2002), pp. 555-579 Published by: Oxford University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27903798 Accessed: 10-08-2015 00:28 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Oxford University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Monist. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 137.110.34.89 on Mon, 10 Aug 2015 00:28:56 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
Daily melatonin administration at middle age suppresses male rat visceral fat, plasma leptin, and plasma insulin to youthful levels.

Human and rat pineal melatonin secretion decline with aging, wheras visceral fat and plasma insulin levels increase. Melatonin modulates fat metabolism in some mammalian species, so these aging-associated melatonin, fat and insulin changes could be functionally related. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of daily melatonin supplemntation to male Sprague Dawley rats, starting at middle age (10 months) and continuing into old age (22 months). Melatonin was added to the drinking water (92%) of which was consumed at night) at a dose (4μ g/ml) previously reported to attenuate the aging-associated decrease in survival rate in male rats, as well as a 10-fold lower doase. The higher dosage produced nocturnal plasma melatonin levels in middle-aged rats which were 15-fold higher than in young (4 months) rats; nocturnal plasma melatonin levels in middle-aged rats receiving the lower dosage were not significantly different from young or middle-aged controls. Relative (% of body wt) retroperitoneal and epididyma...
What nouns and adjectives in online game reviews can tell us about player experience

This paper presents a study attempting to investigate player experience by examining nouns and adjectives used in online game reviews. Built on our previous lexical analysis of adjectives in online game reviews, we argue that nouns together with adjectives will likely provide richer information than adjectives alone. We adopted a revised lexical approach and analyzed nouns and adjectives from 821,122 structured reviews provided by different stakeholders in the game community (e.g., players, developers, and producer etc.) 97 factors were identified and ranked from 5,130 unique terms. Results were presented and discussed.
Oxygen: Influence on Cyclic Nucleotides and Calcium Sequestration in the Human Umbilical Artery

and Martha Vaughan, M.D. T he increase in O tension to which the human umbilical artery is exposed at birth acts in at least two separate but related ways to initiate closure of the vessel. Oxygen itself directly induces constriction.’ It plays further a “permissive” role in the action of other chemical agents that cause contraction.’ The relationship between elevated Po and contraction is believed to reflect synthesis of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.2 However, the availability of ATP to the contractile proteins appears not to be limited to oxidative phosphorylation since in the presence of inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation adequate ATP is generated by glycolysis and the artery is still capable of developing tension when stimulated by contractile agonists.3 In the experiments reported here we have considered two alternative mechanisms through which Q may control arterial tension: one controlling the active sequestration and uptake of intracellular Ca by subcellular fractions, the other controlling the metabolism of the “second messengers,” cyclic 3’,5’-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic 3’,5’-guanosine monophosphate (cCMP).
Cardiovascular physiology of pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a dynamic process associated with significant physiological changes in the cardiovascular system. These changes are mechanisms that the body has adapted to meet the increased metabolic demands of the mother and fetus and to ensure adequate uteroplacental circulation for fetal growth and development. Insufficient hemodynamic changes can result in maternal and fetal morbidity, as seen in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. In addition, maternal inability to adapt to these physiological changes can expose underlying, previously silent, cardiac pathology, which is why some call pregnancy nature’s stress test. Indeed, cardiovascular disease in pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal mortality in North America.1 We therefore review here the normal cardiovascular physiology of pregnancy to provide clinicians with a basis for understanding how the presence of cardiovascular disease may compromise the mother and fetus and how their decisions about medical care may need adjustment. Pregnancy is associated with vasodilation of the systemic vasculature and the maternal kidneys. The systemic vasodilation of pregnancy occurs as early as at 5 weeks and therefore precedes full placentation and the complete development of the uteroplacental circulation.2 In the first trimester, there is a substantial decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, which decreases to a nadir during the middle of the second trimester with a subsequent plateau or slight increase for the remainder of the pregnancy3 (Figure 1). The decrease is ≈35% to 40% of baseline. Systemic vascular resistance increases to near-prepregnancy levels postpartum,4 and by 2 weeks after delivery, maternal hemodynamics have largely returned to nonpregnant levels.5 Increased vascular distensibility, or compliance, has been observed in normal human pregnancy starting in the first trimester.6 Systemic vascular resistance increases to near-prepregnancy levels postpartum.4 Vasodilation of the kidneys results in a 50% increase in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration …
The blackberry project: Capturing the content of adolescents' text messaging

This article presents an innovative method for capturing the content of adolescents' electronic communication on handheld devices: text messaging, e-mail, and instant messaging. In an ongoing longitudinal study, adolescents were provided with BlackBerry devices with service plans paid for by the investigators, and use of text messaging was examined when participants were 15 years old and in the 10th grade (N = 175; 81 girls). BlackBerries were configured so that the content of all text messages, e-mail messages, and instant messages was saved to a secure server and organized in a highly secure, searchable, online archive. This article describes the technology used to devise this method and ethical considerations. Evidence for validity is presented, including both information on use of text messaging to show that participants used these devices heavily and frequencies of profane and sexual language in a 2-day sample of text messaging to demonstrate that they were communicating openly.
Reovirus-specific, single-stranded RNA's synthesized in vitro with enzyme purified from reovirus-infected cells.

Abstract An RNA-synthesizing enzyme system not present in uninfected mouse fibroblasts or baby hamster kidney cells has been partially purified from reovirus-infected cells. The RNA products of this enzyme activity in an in vitro system in the presence of four ribonucleoside triphosphates and divalent cations are the three viral-specific species of single-stranded RNA's synthesized in vivo in infected cells during the exponential growth of virus. This enzyme has not been separated from its template RNA. The enzyme activity is not inhibited by actinomycin D, but is inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The kinetics of the enzyme reaction remain essentially linear for at least seven hours at 37 °C.
Calculation of the surface critical field Hc3 for a cylindrical cavity

Abstract The linearized Landau-Ginzburg equation is used to calculate H c3 for a cylindical cavity in a type II material H c3 exhibits oscillations as a function of the cavity radius R when R is if the order of the coherence length. H c3 increase to the Saint-James and De Gennes limit for large R .
Deletion of BRCA2 exon 27 causes defects in response to both stalled and collapsed replication forks

BRCA2 is a tumor suppressor that maintains genomic integrity through double strand break (DSB) repair and replication fork protection. The BRC motifs and an exon 27-encoded domain (Ex27) of BRCA2 interact with the recombinase RAD51 to, respectively, facilitate the formation and stability of a RAD51 filament on single strand DNA. The BRC-RAD51 associations enable DSB repair while the Ex27-RAD51 association protects the nascent replication strand from MRE11-mediated degradation. MRE11 is a nuclease that facilitates the generation of 3' overhangs needed for homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DSB repair. Here we report the dynamics of replication fork maintenance in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells deleted for Ex27 (brca2(lex1/lex2)) after exposure to hydroxyurea (HU) that depletes nucleotides. HU conditions were varied from mild to severe. Mild conditions induce an ATR-response to replication fork stalling while severe conditions induce a DNA-PKCS-response to replication fork collapse and a DSB. These responses were differentiated by replication protein A (RPA) phosphorylation. We found that Ex27 deletion reduced MRE11 localization to stalled, but not collapsed, replication forks and that Ex27-deletion caused a proportionately more severe phenotype with HU dose. Therefore, the BRCA2 exon 27 domain maintains chromosomal integrity at both stalled and collapsed replication forks consistent with involvement in both replication fork maintenance and double strand break repair.
Quasi-static extension of a tensile crack contained in a viscoelastic-plastic solid

Final stretch criterion of failure is applied to the problem of quasi-static extension of a crack embedded in an elastic-plastic or viscoelastic-plastic matrix. The slow growth under subcritical conditions in a rate-sensitive Tresca solid is shown to be a superposition of creep rupture and McClintock's ductile growth. This type of growth occurs at subcritical magnitude of the imposed K-factor and can be accounted for only through a recognition of inelastic properties of solids. In the subcritical range there is no unique value for K sub c independent of geometrical configuration and flaw size. Not only the produced states of stress and strain are dependent on the loading path, but also the material resistance to fracture turns out to be a function of the history of loading that precedes catastrophic failure. A nonlinear integro-differential equation of motion is derived for a crack progressing through a viscoelastic medium with some limited ability to plastic flow. Examples of numerical integration are given incorporating both monotonic and cyclic loading programs.
WASI profile variability in a sample of psychiatric inpatients.

This study examined the variability of Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence profiles using the subtest range and profile variability index in a sample of 70 psychiatric inpatients. The subtest range and profile variability index were correlated .93 (p < .001), indicating that either measure may be used to assess profile variance. Comparison of profile variability on this abbreviated scale with other Wechsler intelligence scales in similar populations suggests that variability measures are not comparable across the tests.
The use of survey data to investigate ozone sensitivity to point sources

Abstract During the Southern Oxidants Study's 1992 Atlanta Intensive, a survey was conducted to improve the emission estimates from point sources for the Atlanta metropolitan region. The survey consisted of a questionnaire and a daily activity log for the largest point sources in the region. The point source information was used to compare a 1992 typical summer day's emissions with a specific day's emissions (10 August 1992). Both emission inventories indicate that about 90% of point source nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions were from power plants. Furthermore, our results show that the daily variation of point source NO x emissions during the Intensive Study was mostly due to the emissions from the power plants. The daily variation of NO x emissions with respect to a typical summer day was as much as 24%. Although the day-to-day variability in point source VOC emissions was as much as 28%, their contribution to the total VOC was not significant. Finally, we evaluate the impact of NO x emissions from power plants on ozone concentrations. Air quality model simulations show significantly different ozone concentrations depending on power plant location.
Clinoenstatite: High-Low Inversion.

Clinoenstatite undergoes a metastable displacive inversion at 995°C. The new phase can be indexed (from x-ray powder pattern) on a triclinic cell with dimensions a = 10.00 A; b = 8.934 A; c = 5.170 A; alpha = 88.27°; beta = 70.03°; gamma = 91.09°. The new phase persists from 995° to 1010°C at the composition MgSiO3. For a solid solution (15 percent by weight) of diopside in clinoenstatite, the new phase persists from 995° to at least 1400°C and does not invert in periods of several hours to protoenstatite, the phase previously thought to be the stable form in this region.
Observation of an unusually low CO stretching frequency: CO chemisorption on a Mo(100) surface

Abstract An unusual CO chemisorption state has been identified on the Mo(100) surface using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and thermal desorption spectroscopy. This state, which exists at low coverages and temperatures below 230 K, is characterized by two CO stretching frequencies at 1065 and 1235 cm−1, the lowest reported for any CO chemisorption system to date. We propose a bent adsorption geometry for this unique CO state that is the precursor for molecular dissociation on the Mo(100) surface beginning at 230 K. At higher coverages additional CO molecules bond perpendicularly to the metal surface with stretching frequencies near 2100 cm−1.
THE ECOLOGIC FOLIAR ANATOMY OF SOME PLANTS OF A PRAIRIE PROVINCE IN CENTRAL IOWA

While exact records of environmental factors such as edaphic features, temperature, light, water, and biotic relationships are essential in the determination of the character of plant habitats, such data serve merely as an introduction to the investigation of the adaptation or equipment of plants for living in specific locations. While certain external characteristics, such as small or dissected leaves, are associated with sun plants, and broad leaves with shade plants, histological study reveals in greater detail any modifications of the normal type of tissues which are known to perform special activities. That the activities pertaining to the life processes of the plant are closely associated with its use of water is a well known physiological fact, so that not only the available water of the habitat but that which the plant actually uses or what passes through it in the transpiration stream is an important indicator of its toleration of conditions peculiar to its particular habitat. Work has been done by Livingston, Bakke, Shreve, and others on the transpiration of plants, and Bakke (i) has proposed a classification of plants as xerophytes, mesophytes, or hydrophytes on the basis of transpiration, which it seems is a very exact indicator of the available water used. While indices of transpiration would no doubt be desirable in connection with a morphological study, and would probably throw some light on whether a special type of tissue were characteristic of a species because of reaction to habitat or because of ancestral influence, the observations reported in this paper are confined to the morphological phase alone.
Identification and quantitation by radioimmunoassay of prostaglandin F compounds in bile

Abstract Separation and identification of prostaglandins in canine bile was performed by extraction and thin layer chromatography. The system provided tentative identification of the prostaglandin F compounds as the major prostaglandin subgroup present in bile. The prostaglandin was subsequently purified on silicic acid columns and quantitated by radioimmunoassay with tritiated PGF2α and anti PGF2α antibody employing the double antibody technique. Basal levels in hepatic bile were found to be 1028 ± 98 pg/ml.
New hominoid skull material from the Miocene of Pakistan

Neogene hominoid cranial material is regrettably scarce, especially from the middle and late Miocene. Between the 18-Myr-old virtually complete early Miocene Proconsul africanus skull from Rusinga1 and the 3–4-Myr-old Hadar hominoid cranial material2, the only significant large (non-hylobatid) hominoid facial or cranial specimens are those from the late Miocene Salonika in Greece3, Yassioren in Turkey4, Lufeng in China5, the possibly middle Miocene site of Moroto in Uganda6 and the new facial-mandibular piece from late Miocene deposits in Pakistan reported here. The specimen is a Sivapithecus indicus7 adult, probably male, and consists of most of the left side of the face including a small portion of the frontal bone, the zygomatic arch and temporo-mandibular joint, the maxilla, a virtually entire mandible and the complete dentition. The fossil, catalogued as GSP 15000, is the property of the Government of Pakistan and is at present on loan for study at Harvard University.
THEORY OF SHAPE-PRESERVING SHORT PULSES IN INHOMOGENEOUSLY BROADENED THREE-LEVEL MEDIA

We introduce an ansatz that permits a treatment of the effects of Doppler broadening in the theory of intense steady-state pulse pairs propagating in three-level (\ensuremath{\Lambda} or V) media. We have derived analytic solutions for pulse amplitudes, for group and phase velocities, and for the probability amplitudes of the atoms in the transmission medium. The solutions are different for the \ensuremath{\Lambda} and V cases.
Secure, Dependable, and High Performance Cloud Storage

There have been works considering protocols for accessing partitioned data. Most of these works assume the local cluster based environment and their designs target atomic semantics. However, when considering widely distributed cloud storage systems, these existing protocols may not scale well. In this paper, we analyze the requirements of access protocols for storage systems based on data partitioning schemes in widely distributed cloud environments. We consider the regular semantics instead of atomic semantics to improve access efficiency. Then, we develop an access protocol following the requirements to achieve correct and efficient data accesses. Various protocols are compared experimentally and the results show that our protocol yields much better performance than the existing ones.
Next generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite: GOES-R, the United States' advanced weather sentinel

The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-series (GOES-R) is the follow-on to the existing GOES system, completing a transition from 1980's technology to state-of-the-art. The product of a collaborative development effort between NOAA, NASA, DOC and industry, the first GOES-R satellite is planned to be launched in April 2015 with readiness to fully replace the heritage GOES constellation in 2017. This next-generation system will continue as the United States' weather sentinel for forecasting hurricanes, severe storms, and flash floods while providing information about air quality, winds, sea surface temperature, and space weather. It will provide advanced capabilities by providing five times more spectral information, temporal coverage six times faster than the current system, and 50% higher spatial resolution. The heart of the GOES-R system is the ABI instrument, a sixteen-channel imager with six visible channels and 10 infrared channels. The GLM instrument will be the first geostationary sensor to detect and monitor lightning strikes. GOES-R also includes several space environment sensors that will increase the capability to monitor and predict solar flare activity. Additionally, GOES-R will continue to provide heritage search and rescue capabilities, a data collection system, and other direct readout capabilities.
Abstract 5301: Integrative protein-marker prognostic model for early-stage endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) is the major histological type of endometrial cancer, the most prevalent gynecologic malignancy in USA. EEC recurrence or metastasis is associated with an abysmal prognosis. Early-stage EEC is generally curable, but a subset has high risk of recurrence or metastasis. Prognosis estimation for early-stage EEC mainly relies on clinicopathological characteristics, but is unreliable. We aimed to identify patients with high-risk early-stage EEC who are most likely to benefit from more extensive surgery and adjuvant therapy by building a prognostic model that integrates clinical variables and protein markers. We employed two large, independent EEC datasets as training and validation cohorts, and generated the levels of 186 proteins and phosphoproteins using reverse-phase protein arrays. Using the training samples, we developed a predictive model containing two clinical factors and 18 protein markers and optimized the risk group classification. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses in the validation cohort confirmed an improved prognostic power. Compared with clinical variables (stage, grade, and patient age), only the risk groups defined by the integrative model were consistently significant in both univariate and multivariate analyses across both cohorts. Our prognostic model is potentially of high clinical value for stratifying patients with early-stage EEC and optimizing their treatment strategies. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Han Liang, UT MD Anderson RPPA/TCGA working group. Integrative protein-marker prognostic model for early-stage endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5301. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5301
Refinement of the crystal structure of gamma phase silver amalgam.

The previous x-ray analysis and structure refinement of the gamma phase of the silver-mercury system was not completely correct. This study confirms the atomic positional coordinates in the cubic system and gives a more complete refinement of the thermal parameters.
Preparation of a multilayer and a compositional gradient layer composite by the aerosol filtration method

A multilayer composite of an oxide superconductor and a compositional gradient layer composite of a ferrite chip component was prepared by the aerosol filtration method. Homogeneous, minute, and arbitrary control of the composition profile was possible for the multilayer composite of the Bi system superconductor. High controllability for designing the composition profile of the compositional gradient layer of nickel zinc ferrite was confirmed by EPMA analysis.
Maize chloroplast RNA polymerase: the 78-kilodalton polypeptide is encoded by the plastid rpoC1 gene.

Abstract The 180-, 120- and 38-kDa polypeptides found in highly purified maize plastid RNA polymerase preparations are encoded by the maize plastid genes rpoC2, rpoB, and rpoA, respectively [Hu, J. and Bogorad, L. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87, pp. 1531-1535]. These genes have segments that specify amino acid sequences homologous to those of E. coli RNA polymerase subunits. The plastid gene products are designated b", b and a, respectively. We report here that the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of a 78-kDa polypeptide also found in highly purified maize plastid RNA polymerase preparations matches precisely the sequence deduced from the maize plastid rpoC1 gene which has segments homologous to the 5' end of the E. coli rpoC gene. Thus, the 78-kDa polypeptide is likely to be a functional component of maize plastid DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This polypeptide is designated subunit b'. Three polypeptides unrelated to RNA polymerase have also been identified in this preparation.
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance study of the structure of lanthanum phosphate crystals and glasses

Lanthanum phosphate glasses were synthesized by melt quenching and characterized by x-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A range of compositions near the metaphosphate composition (75 mol% P2O5) was examined. Comparison of 31P chemical shifts and shielding anisotropies of glasses with those of the crystalline phases of La(PO3)3 (metaphosphate) and LaP5O14 (pentaphosphate) were consistent with the presence of primarily chainlike Q2 phosphate groups.
Model-integrated computing environments and computer-based systems

Among the most significant technological developments of the last two decades has been the proliferation of computer-based systems (CBSs). These systems embed software to create "smart" tools and products. In CBSs, functional, performance and reliability requirements mandate a tight integration of information processing and physical processes. Embedded information technology is critical to overall system performance. CBSs include a wide range of applications, such as computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems, space systems, computerized vehicles, appliances, consumer electronics equipment, and a wide variety of systems in health care, transportation defense, communication, and power generation and distribution.
Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Diabetes Prevention Among Adherent Participants

Previously, we reported the clinical and economic outcomes of an intent-to-treat analysis of the combined 10 years of the Diabetes Prevention Program/Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPP/DPPOS) (1,2). In that analysis, participants were analysed according to their randomized treatment group whether or not they adhered to their assigned treatment. In this paper, we report the results of an “on treatment” or “per-protocol” analysis of DPP/DPPOS. We assess outcomes by treatment group for participants who were adherent to their randomized assignments and compare the effectiveness and cost-utility of the intensive lifestyle intervention (lifestyle) and the metformin intervention (metformin) to the placebo intervention (placebo). Our previously published 10 year intent-to-treat analysis of DPP/DPPOS used data from all randomized participants including those who did not adhere to their randomized treatments and so, likely underestimated both the effectiveness and the benefits of lifestyle and metformin. In real world clinical practice, neither costs nor benefits are incurred by nonparticipants but among participants, both intervention costs and benefits are likely to be greater. Our goal in this analysis of the DPP/DPPOS is to extend our previous analyses to estimate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of diabetes prevention among metformin participants who remained on treatment with metformin and lifestyle participants who succeeded in losing weight.
Software Internationalization: Crosscutting Concerns across the Development Lifecycle

Many of the requirements of Globalized (Internationalized ) software that have a crosscutting impact are scattered through the entire software. The impact of these requirements presents many challenges that manifest themselves throughout the software development lifecycle. Inherent properties of crosscutting requirements, such as scattering (where their support is scattered across multiple classes) and tangling (where their support is tangled with elements supporting other requirements), reduce the reusability, extensibility, and traceability of the software artifacts [1]. Scattering and tangling are evident in the design and code of internationalized software and must be addressed fully. To remove scattering and tangling properties, developers must first identify and then separate the design and code of crosscutting behavior into independent modules or components. This paper discusses two important issues; when developers should identify and document crosscutting requirements; and where it should be handled throughout the software lifecycle.