cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement and characterization of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in human biological fluids: discrepancies between radioimmunoassay and ligand blotting

The inability to detect insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in some circumstances by Western ligand blot analysis has emphasized the need to characterize IGFBPs by both ligand binding and immunological techniques. In this study, we have: 1) characterized and quantified IGFBP-3 in nonpregnancy, pregnancy, and fetal cord serum, follicular, peritoneal, and amniotic fluid, seminal plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine; 2) established a new IGFBP-3 RIA that detects both intact and fragments of IGFBP-3; 3) identified both intact and fragments of IGFBP-3 by Western immunoblot techniques; and 4) addressed the discordance between Western ligand blot analysis and RIA by assessing fluids for IGFBP proteolytic activity. All fluids examined, except pregnancy serum, CSF, and amniotic fluid, displayed a 44-34-kilodalton (kDa) IGFBP-3 doublet by Western ligand blot analysis. Western immunoblot analysis using specific IGFBP-3 antiserum showed a 44-34-kDa IGFBP-3 doublet and a 28-kDa fragment in nonpregnancy serum, fetal cord serum, follicular fluid, and peritoneal fluid. The immunoreactive 42-38-kDa doublet was faint in urine and seminal plasma. IGFBPs in CSF did not cross-react with IGFBP-3 antiserum. Pregnancy serum and amniotic fluid contained only the 28-kDa fragment when compared against equal volumes of nonpregnancy serum. With the development of an IGFBP-3 RIA, IGFBP-3 could be accurately measured; urine, CSF, and seminal plasma contained the lowest levels of IGFBP-3 at 27 +/- 3 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM), 110 +/- 26 ng/ml, and 209 +/- 56 ng/ml, respectively. In increasing concentration: fetal cord serum contained 753 +/- 101 ng/ml; peritoneal fluid, 1124 +/- 130 ng/ml; follicular fluid, 2356 +/- 211 ng/ml; nonpregnancy serum, 3556 +/- 508 ng/ml; pregnancy serum, 3718 +/- 842 ng/ml; and amniotic fluid, 5150 +/- 688 ng/ml. The measurable concentrations of IGFBP-3 in CSF and the high concentrations measured in pregnancy serum and amniotic fluid conflicted with Western blot analysis. Thus, fluids were assessed for IGFBP proteolytic activity by incubation with a source of IGFBP-3, either nonpregnancy serum or purified IGFBP-3. All fluids displayed some proteolytic activity with either assay. Fluids with little protease activity (nonpregnancy serum, follicular fluid, and urine) showed a close relationship between immunoassayable IGFBP-3 by RIA and IGFBP-3 band intensity by Western ligand blot. Fluids with high proteolytic activity (pregnancy serum, CSF, seminal plasma, peritoneal fluid, and amniotic fluid) gave discrepant IGFBP-3 values between RIA and Western ligand blot.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Low natural killer cell function in disseminated aspergillosis

We investigated whether immune deficiency was associated with a fatal case of invasive cerebral aspergillosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus infection. The lymphocyte proliferative capacity to T- and B-cell mitogens was comparable to that of healthy controls. However, the natural killer (NK) cell activity of the patient was 2-6-fold lower than the activity expressed by a paired control and age-sex matched healthy controls (n = 20). No specific abnormalities were evident in the capacity to transduce either proliferative signals or cytokine (interleukin 2) secretory capacity of in vitro activated lymphocytes from the patient. The specific reduction in NK cell activity might either indicate that she was a low NK responder, or that the low NK cell activity was primarily or secondarily associated with the fungal infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in humans.
Stereochemistry of mono-tetrahydrofuranyl moiety in cytotoxic polyketides. Part B: Application of proton chemical shift patterns

Dimesitoate esters of α,α-dibutyl-2,5-tetrahydrofurandimethanols of different relative stereochemistry showed unique chemcial shift patterns in benzene-d6, which is applicable to the assignment of relative stereochemistry of the mono-tetrahydrofuranyl moiety of cytotoxic polyketides.
How Much Do Helioseismological Inferences Depend on the Assumed Reference Model

We investigate systematic uncertainties in determining the profiles of the solar sound speed, density, and adiabatic index using helioseismological techniques. We find that rms uncertainties (averaged over the Sun) of ~0.02%-0.04% are contributed to the sound-speed profile by each of three sources: (1) the choice of assumed reference model, (2) the width of the inversion kernel, and (3) the measurement errors. The rms agreement between the standard solar model sound speeds and the best helioseismological determinations is about 0.07%. The profile of the adiabatic index, Γ1, is determined to an accuracy of about 0.02% with the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) data set. The density profile is about an order of magnitude less well determined by the helioseismological measurements. Five state-of-the-art models, each with a significant difference in the input physics or a parameter choice, all give comparably good agreement with global helioseismological measurements. We consider four deficient solar models that are constructed either using old input data, assuming the 3He + 4He fusion reaction does not occur, neglecting element diffusion, or artificially mixing the interior of the Sun. When used as reference models in the inversion process, these deficient models yield sound speeds for the Sun that differ only by 0.1% from the sound speeds obtained using the standard model. We conclude that even relatively crude reference models yield reasonably accurate solar parameters. Although acceptable for most purposes as reference models, nonstandard solar models in which the core is artificially mixed or in which element diffusion is neglected are strongly disfavored by the p-mode oscillation data. These nonstandard models produce sound-speed profiles with respect to the Sun that are 4.5 and 18 times worse, respectively, than the agreement obtained with the standard solar model.
The Exploration of Certain Features of Tornado Dynamics Using a Laboratory Model

Abstract Three characteristic features of tornadoes are simulated in a laboratory system and the associated flow is observed and discussed. These are (i) a characteristic surface pressure profile, (ii) a bulging deformation on the vortex core, and (iii) multiple vortices in a single convergence system. Vortex motion is very sensitive to the geometrical features of the larger flow in which it is imbedded. Only when the diameter of the updraft column exceeds the depth of the inflow layer can features (i) and (iii) be produced in the present model. When the updraft diameter is large compared to the depth of inflow, inertial effects associated with large changes in radial momentum produce significant convergent forces. When the updraft diameter is small compared to depth of inflow layer, the inflow speed is relatively small and related inertial effects are small. It is concluded that radial momentum flux is an important factor in the production of atmospheric vortices.
Response requirement and increases in accuracy produced by stimulant drugs in a 5-choice serial reaction-time task in rats

Increased signal-detection accuracy on the 5-choice serial reaction time (5-CSRT) task has been shown with drugs that are useful clinically in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but these increases are often small and/or unreliable. By reducing the reinforcer frequency, it may be possible to increase the sensitivity of this task to pharmacologically induced improvements in accuracy. Rats were trained to respond on the 5-CSRT task on a fixed ratio (FR) 1, FR 3, or FR 10 schedule of reinforcement. Drugs that were and were not expected to enhance performance were then administered before experimental sessions. Significant increases in accuracy of signal detection were not typically obtained under the FR 1 schedule with any drug. However, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate, and nicotine typically increased accuracy under the FR 3 and FR 10 schedules. Increasing the FR requirement in the 5-CSRT task increases the likelihood of a positive result with clinically effective drugs, and may more closely resemble conditions in children with attention deficits.
Differential Decrease of “Shuttle” Enzymes of Extramitochondrial NADH2 Oxidation of Heart Muscle during Progressive Thiamine Deficiency

SummaryIn spite of the apparent functioning of the a-glycerophosphate “shuttle” in heart muscle, progressive thiamine deficiency does not bring about an expected compensatory increase in the soluble cytoplasmic and the mitochondrial particle-bound a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases. This was suggested by the previous finding that a-glycerophosphate (and also β-hydroxybutyrate) strongly stimulate mitochondrial NADH2-cytochrome c reductase between 2 and 6 weeks of thiamine deficiency. Although the soluble cytoplasmic a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase shows a temporary increase at the beginning of thiamine deficiency, it returns immediately to and then remains at the control level up to death. On the other hand, the level of the particle-bound enzyme gradually decreases, the onset of decrease depending on the severity of thiamine deficiency. Except for a small increase at the terminal stage of severe thiamine deficiency, mitochondrial β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase level remains constant throughout the feedin...
Identity expectations in early childhood teacher education: Pre-service teachers' memories of prior experiences and reasons for entry into the profession

Abstract In the context of preparing early childhood teachers for a field with high attrition rates, this Canadian study examines pre-service teachers' identity expectations. Pre-service teachers wrote biographical narratives describing memories that influenced their reasons for choosing the teaching profession. Fifty-three narratives were analyzed. Implications from the study's findings suggest that teacher educators: 1) attend to the emotional dimensions of pre-service teachers' memories and identities; 2) help pre-service teachers access and articulate their tacit expectations about teaching; 3) address the image of the teacher as role model; and 4) attend to the political aspects of a prospective teacher's convictions.
Dynamic fracture of ceramics and ceramic composites

Abstract The dynamic fracture responses of alumina (Al2O3), TiB2 particulate-SiC matrix and SiC whisker (SiCw)-Al2O3 matrix ceramic composites are presented in the context of dynamic fracture mechanics where a dynamic arrest stress intensity factor (SIF) did not exist in these brittle materials. Fractography study of the Al2O3 specimens showed that the area of transgranular failures increased from about 3% to about 16% under rapid crack extensions in statically and impact-loaded specimens respectively. Thus the continuing crack propagation at low SIF was attributed to increasing transgranular failure due to the kinematic constraints imposed by flat crack extension. The fracture process zone was also identified as the dominant energy dissipation mechanisms in SiCwAl2O3 ceramic matrix composite.
Couple-oriented interventions for chronic illness Where do we go from here?

There is emerging evidence that couple-oriented behavioral interventions (CIs) for chronic illness yield benefits for patients. However, conceptual and methodological advances are critical for strengthening the impact and evaluation of this treatment approach. First, it would be useful to develop CIs that work for multiple chronic conditions and are tailored to couples’ needs, and that can be delivered in ways that help couples apply new skills to challenges that they encounter in daily life. Second, there is a need for studies that compare CIs to evidence-based, patient-oriented interventions, and that assess mechanisms in ways which improve our understanding of how intimate relationships affect illness management. Finally, new directions in research on marriage and health will yield findings that are important for the next generation of CIs.
Secondary School Principals Rank Professional Journals.

Administrators surveyed about readership of professional jour nals indicated a strong preference for practical articles over those dealing with research and theory.
Examining Internet resources on gender differences in ACL injuries: what patients are reading.

Abstract Background The Internet is a popular and powerful resource used by both clinicians and patients. However, medical information on the Internet is often unregulated, biased, and of poor quality. Given the frequency of ACL injuries in young women, this topic was used as a case study to examine the information available to patients on the Internet. Methods An Internet search was performed using the top three general search engines for four different search phrases related to ACL injuries in females. The top ten sites from each search were analyzed on the basis of both website interface and a specific content scoring guide. Results A total of 35 unique websites were analyzed. The majority of websites were authored by a layperson or had an unidentified author. Readability data indicated that many sites were written at literacy levels that were too difficult for the average reader. Finally, the average content analysis score for all sites was 41.6 out of a possible 100 points (range 10–87.5); only one-third of the websites cited references for the information provided. Conclusions We found the Internet information on ACL injuries in women to be largely unsupported, outdated and too difficult for the average reader to comprehend. The average site covered less than half of the topics that we considered relevant to ACL injuries in females indicating that information available on the Internet is largely incomplete. Clinical relevance Clinicians should be aware of the deficiencies in Internet information in order to appropriately address these issues with patients.
Ascorbic acid as a dispersant for concentrated alumina nanopowder suspensions

Abstract The stabilization of concentrated nanopowder suspensions is crucial for many industrial applications. Yet, controlling the suspension viscosity is challenging for nanopowder suspension systems. In this study, we examined the adsorption of l -ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) on alumina surfaces and the related reduction in viscosity of the suspensions. Interactions between the ascorbic acid and the alumina surface were investigated by in situ ATR-FTIR and zeta potential measurements. It was shown that ascorbic acid forms complexes with the alumina surface through ligand exchange mechanisms. The optimum concentration of ascorbic acid for minimum suspension viscosity was determined. The maximum achievable solids content could be increased to around 0.35 by the addition of only 1.0 wt.% of dry powder ascorbic acid. Because ascorbic acid is easy to use, inexpensive, and a non-toxic organic additive, it has great potential to be used as a dispersant in a variety of industrial applications, from dilute to concentrated systems of intermediates or products.
Direct numerical simulation of hydrodynamic instabilities in two- and three-dimensional viscoelastic free shear layers

Abstract The objective of this work is to determine how the addition of small amounts of polymer affects the sequence of hydrodynamic instabilities leading to turbulence in free shear layers. The FENE-P constitutive equation is chosen to describe the fluid rheology, and a Hartley transform-based pseudo-spectral method is applied to the coupled, nonlinear system of partial differential equations governing the fluid vorticity and the FENE-P dumbbell configuration. Both two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed using a time-developing mixing layer model. In the 2D simulations, the roll-up instability is studied for values of the elasticity number, E (the ratio of the fluid relaxation time to the characteristic time for vorticity diffusion), up to 0 (1), and over a range of the maximum dumbbell extensibility, b . For sufficiently small values of E and b , a viscoelastic quasi-steady state analogous to the Newtonian one is found, with no significant changes to the streamlines. For E =0 (1) and sufficiently large b , the fundamental is unable to dominate the flow, and the roll-up process is inhibited. The underlying mechanism involves the generation of higher harmonics by large polymer stress gradients which serve as a vorticity source/sink. The higher harmonics then resist the tendency of the fundamental to concentrate the vorticity into a single core region. In the 3D simulations, spanwise perturbations are introduced to the 2D quasi-steady states, and exponential growth rates for the resulting secondary instability are computed. For low values of E and b , the viscoelastic quasi-steady states are more unstable to 3D perturbations than the Newtonian quasi-steady states, while for large enough values of E and b , they may become less unstable. The primary mechanism responsible for the differences in the Newtonian and viscoelastic 3D growth rates is a distortion to the shape of the 2D vortices. These observations indicate that for large enough values of E and b , the addition of polymers may inhibit the instabilities leading to turbulence in free shear layers, and suggest a plausible mechanism through which polymers reduce small scale turbulence in turbulent flows.
Angular correlations in K- + p → Λ0 + π+ + π-

The angular correlations in K-+ p → Λ0 + π+ + π- process are investigated in terms of the Λ-π resonance (Y*) isobar model. Two regions of the incident K-meson energy are considered: one is the region which gives separated bands in the Dalitz plot; the other gives overlapped bands. If the produced Y* is polarized for the separated case, it is shown that the forward-backward and outward-inward decay asymmetries of the Λ0 give useful information to determine the spin and parity of the Y*. For the overlapped case, it is shown that there is up-down asymmetry of Λ-decay with respect to the plane containing Λ0, π+ and π- in the center of mass system, and this asymmetry gives useful information to determine the parity of Y*.
A model and methodology for hardware-software codesign

A behavioral model of a class of mixed hardware-software systems is presented. A codesign methodology for such systems is defined. The methodology includes hardware-software partitioning, behavioral synthesis, software compilation, and demonstration on a testbed consisting of a commercial central processing unit (CPU), field-programmable gate arrays, and programmable interconnections. Design examples that illustrate how certain characteristics of system behavior and constraints suggest hardware or software implementation are presented. >
An approach to forecasting tax revenues

This p a p e r d i s c u s s e s the r e s u l t of a s tudy r e c e n t l y comple t ed for the L e g i s l a t ive Budget C o m m i t t e e of the State of Washington. The p r i m a r y objec t ive of the s tudy was to develop a model which would p rov ide t h r e e y e a r f o r e c a s t s of the tax r e v e n u e s g e n e r a t e d by Wash ing ton ' s economy. Washington's Legislative Budget Committee is a bipartisan committee of eight state senators and eight representatives charged with reviewing in detail the Biennial Budget submit• to the Legislature by the Governor. In the past, the Committee's staff has had no recourse to a standard methodology by which it could evaluate the revenue-expenditure balance projected by the Governor's staff. Given limited resources to devote to forecasting, the Committee sought a straightforward, independent route to projecting Washington tax revenues which would provide confidence limits and a measure of perspective to the Governor's forecasts. We believe the forecasting model we developed to fulfill this need has three aspects or features which are of a more general interest: (i) its emphasis on cyclical variations in state growth as a key factor in shaping revenue collections; (2) its consequent linkage of the state economy to an econometric forecasting model of the national economy; and (3) its treatment of autocorrelation, which was found to be a signifidm]t source of bias in the sales tax forecasting equation. The discussion which follows is divided into two sections. The first examines the design and economic rationale of the model; the second considers the statistical significance of the model and the procedure used to handle the autocorrelation problem.
Associations Between Static and Functional Measures of Joint Function in the Foot and Ankle

Clinicians have traditionally assessed range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal and ankle joints in a static position. It is unclear, however, if these measurements accurately reflect functional sagittal plane limitations of these joints during gait. For 50 patients (100 feet), we assessed available dorsiflexion at the first metatarsophalangeal and ankle joints, as well as the presence of pinch callus. We then compared these findings with 11 functional gait parameters, as measured using a pressure sensor system. After adjusting for age, weight, smoking status, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insensitivity to monofilament, we found that patients with pinch callus demonstrated statistically significant compensatory gait patterns in 7 of 11 measures. Hallux limitus and equinus patients demonstrated six and three statistically significant associations, respectively. Pinch callus seems to be as predictive of functional gait alterations as static first metatarsophalangeal joint and ankle dorsiflexion.
The delay of the behavioral effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats by 2-diethylaminoethyl 2,2-diphenylvalerate HC1 (SKF 525-A)

Abstract The liver appears to be capable of metabolizing Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol( Δ 9 -THC) to more polar compounds, which are then excreted in the urine and feces (1). In addition, one of these metabolites has been identified as 11 OH- Δ 9 -THC (2) which has been shown to be at least as potent on some behavior measures as the parent compound (3). Recently it has been reported that the microsomal mixed function oxidase system of the liver is probably responsible for the 11-OH metabolite and that the microsomal inhibitor, 2-diethylaminpethyl 2,2-diphenylvalerate HC1, (SKF 525-A), inhibits this metabolism (4). The demonstration of shorter plasma half lives for Δ 9 -THC- 14 C and more rapid appearance of more polar metabolites in the feces and urine of chronic marihuana users suggests that Δ 9 -THC may be capable of inducing its own metabolism (5). This is further supported by the finding that Δ 9 -THC causes a type I difference spectrum (6) and the fact that many type I compounds are known to induce their own metabolism (7). These observations, together with the suggestion that Δ 9 -THC may be metabolized to an active form (8) might possibly explain the phenomena of “reverse tolerance” reported with marihuana use by humans. We report here the delaying action of the metabolic inhibitor, SKF 525-A upon the operant behavioral effects of Δ 9 -THC in rats as a further indication of the role of metabolism in the activity of this drug.
Guideline Adherence After ST-Segment Elevation Versus Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background—Clinical guidelines recommend similar medical therapy for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non–ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI). Methods and Results—Using the Get with the Guidelines–Coronary Artery Disease registry (GWTG–CAD), we analyzed data including 72 352 patients (48 966, NSTEMI; 23 386, STEMI) from 237 US sites between May 1, 2006 and March 21, 2010. Performance and quality measures were compared between NSTEMI and STEMI patients. NSTEMI patients were older and had a higher rate of medical comorbidities compared with STEMI patients, including prior coronary artery disease (38.5% versus 24.7%; P<0.0001), heart failure (17.5% versus 6.2%; P<0.0001), hypertension (70.8% versus 59.1%; P<0.0001) and diabetes mellitus (34.9 versus 23.3%; P<0.0001). Adjusting for confounding variables, STEMI patients were more likely to receive aspirin within 24 hours 98.5% versus 97.1% (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–2.02), be discharged...
The World Bank and third world development

Abstract The speaker summarizes the increasingly important role played by the World Bank Group in international development financing in the last decade and describes the most important contributions of the Bank to development literature.
A Submarine photometer for studying the distribution of daylight in the sea

This paper describes the construction of a photometer which is designed to measure narrow spectral bands of submarine daylight. The photometer is capable of making rather rapid and nearly simultaneous measurements of spectral bands of both transmitted and scattered light. The design permits operation from a boat which is not provided with special electrical equipment.
Visual-vestibular interaction: effect of prolonged stimulation on the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex responses.

Abstract The effect of prolonged (8-h) visual, vestibular, or visual-vestibular stimulation was studied on the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (VOR) response in a group of normal rabbits. Continuous visual-vestibular stimulation was the most effective method to increase the magnitude of the VOR response. Visual stimulation alone was less effective and vestibular stimulation decreased the VOR response. Visual-vestibular stimulation under conditions of monocular vision produced changes in the VOR response that depended on the direction of motion and on the eye stimulated. The VOR response was increased in the direction of the maximum response, namely, rotations that produced relative displacement of the surroundings in the temporalnasal direction of the visual field. The effects of prolonged visual-vestibular stimulation led to more than double the magnitude of the VOR during the experimental session. Unilateral asymmetrical visual-vestibular stimulation led to asymmetrical VOR responses associated with typical signs of peripheral vestibular imbalance, such as nystagmus and postural changes.
Novel benzimidazole-based MCH R1 antagonists

Abstract The identification of an MCH R1 antagonist screening hit led to the optimization of a class of benzimidazole-based MCH R1 antagonists. Structure–activity relationships and efforts to optimize pharmacokinetic properties are detailed along with the demonstration of the effectiveness of an MCH R1 antagonist in an animal model of obesity.
Justifying information technology investments: balancing the need for speed of action with certainty before action

Technological innovations create an increasing sense of strategic uncertainty. Executives are concerned about failure to implement the infrastructure that they might need and the opportunity costs that this might entail as a result of missed market opportunities. They are equally concerned with avoiding any unnecessary investments in technology infrastructure in support of market opportunities that do not arise. The trade-off between the desire for speed and the desire for certainty before acting requires a methodology for justifying contingent investments in assets that may be required and for enabling rapid deployment of these assets when required. We develop a general functional form for an investment decision that permits numerical computation of the value of an investment that enables the future deployment of a strategy under a range of conditions.
Fabrication of ZrB2–Zr cermet using laser sintering technique

Abstract A combination of laser sintering/melting and induction heating techniques is used to fabricate ZrB 2 –Zr ceramic–metal composite (cermet) 3-D structures using layer by layer deposition. It is shown that the interface between layers comprises an ~ 20 µm thick Zr-rich phase near the remelted zone. The starting powder mixtures consist of 30–50 wt.% Zr, which is used to assist binding of ZrB 2 particles. Sintered objects have densities > 95% of theoretical values and have microhardness values up to 16.0 GPa. ZrB 2 –Zr cermet may reduce the likelihood of mechanical failures by increasing toughness and impact resistance contributed from the continuous Zr matrix, yet preserve good abrasive characteristics provided by ZrB 2 grains. The proposed method allows fabricating complex-shaped structures, and joining or repairing objects made from analogous ultra-high temperature materials.
The relationship between symptoms and IgG and IgE antibodies in an office environment

Airborne fungi have been postulated as a cause of symptoms among office workers. Using the MAST chemiluminescent system, this study evaluated 36 IgG and 36 IgE antibody levels in 47 office workers from an area with elevated airborne fungal concentrations and 44 office workers from an otherwise similar area with lower airborne fungal exposure. No difference was found in IgG antibody to fungi between the lower and higher exposure areas, but high IgG antibody to one or more of the fungi studied was detected in 67% of all the workers tested. IgE antibody to one or more antigens was detected in 40% of the participants. Workers who reported atopic symptoms (sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes) or "sick building" symptoms (any three of the following temporally related to work: headache, fatigue, stuffy nose, irritated eyes, or sore throat) were more likely to have one positive IgE antibody test. Type I hypersensitivity to aeroallergens besides fungi may play a role in some symptoms reported by some participants in this office building.
The tug-of-war: Fidelity versus adaptation throughout the health promotion program life cycle

Researchers across multiple fields have described the iterative and nonlinear phases of the translational research process from program development to dissemination. This process can be conceptualized within a “program life cycle” framework that includes overlapping and nonlinear phases: development, adoption, implementation, maintenance, sustainability or termination, and dissemination or diffusion, characterized by tensions between fidelity to the original plan and adaptation for the setting and population. In this article, we describe the life cycle (phases) for research-based health promotion programs, the key influences at each phase, and the issues related to the tug-of-war between fidelity and adaptation throughout the process using a fictionalized case study based on our previous research. This article suggests the importance of reconceptualizing intervention design, involving stakeholders, and monitoring fidelity and adaptation throughout all phases to maintain implementation fidelity and completeness. Intervention fidelity should be based on causal mechanisms to ensure effectiveness, while allowing for appropriate adaption to ensure maximum implementation and sustainability. Recommendations for future interventions include considering the determinants of implementation including contextual factors at each phase, the roles of stakeholders, and the importance of developing a rigorous, adaptive, and flexible definition of implementation fidelity and completeness.
Participation of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels in the Regulation of Adrenal Glomerulosa Function by Angiotensin II and Potassium

The stimulation of aldosterone secretion from adrenal glomerulosa cells by angiotensin II (All), potassium, and ACTH is highly dependent on the extracellular calcium concentration. To evaluate the role of voltage-dependent calcium channels in aldosterone production, we analyzed the actions and binding of calcium channel antagonists in collagenase-dispersed adrenal glomerulosa cells and membrane-rich particles. In rat glomerulosa cells, nifedipine caused dose-dependent inhibition of the aldosterone responses to All and potassium, with halfmaximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 100 nm, but had no effect on ACTH or 8-bromo-cAMP stimulated steroidogenesis in adrenal glomerulosa and fasciculata cells. Binding studies with [3H]nitrendipine in adrenal glomerulosa cells revealed a high affinity site with dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.4 ± 0.1 nm, similar to that described in other tissues but about 100-fold lower than the IC50 for blockade of aldosterone production. However, Scatchard analysis of binding dat...
The association between health literacy and indicators of cognitive impairment in a diverse sample of primary care patients.

Objectives To confirm the association of health literacy scores as measured by Health Literacy Assessment Using Talking Touchscreen Technology (Health LiTT) with cognitive ability and education. To determine whether this association differs by cognitive task.
High incidence of local venous reactions to esorubicin

A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical charts of 160 cancer patients who received esorubicin (ESO or 4′ deoxydoxorubicin) in a Phase I clinical trial. The purpose of the review was to characterize the incidence of local venous reactions to this investigational doxorubicin (DOX) analog. The impact of prophy lactic pretreatments or post-treatment using antihistamines and glucocorticosteroids was also assessed. There were 58 episodes of local reactions to ESO injections (14.3%). These reactions were characterized by local swelling, itching and erythema. Like DOX-induced venous reactions, ESO complications resolved spontane ously after several hours and did not predispose patients to skin ulceration or subsequent general hypersensiti vity reactions. Indeed, ESO reactions were more common with initial treatments at low drug doses of only 10–15 mg/M2 (p <.05 by Chi-square analysis). One case of ESO extravasation (about 5mg) was successful ly managed with topical cooling. The use of antihistamines and corticosteroids was ineffective at preventing local reactions. However, when these drugs were administered after a reaction had ensued, symptoms were lessened significantly in half of the patients treated (p <.05). The results of this review suggest that ESO causes a four-fold greater incidence of local venous reactions than with the parent DOX.
Pebble Sets in Convex Polygons

Lukacs and Andras posed the problem of showing the existence of a set of n−2 points in the interior of a convex n-gon so that the interior of every triangle determined by three vertices of the polygon contains a unique point of S. Such sets have been called pebble sets by De Loera, Peterson, and Su. We seek to characterize all such sets for any given convex polygon in the plane. We first consider a certain class of pebble sets, called peripheral because they consist of points that lie close to the boundary of the polygon. We characterize all peripheral pebble sets, and show that for regular polygons, these are the only ones. Though we demonstrate examples of polygons where there are other pebble sets, we nevertheless provide a characterization of the kinds of points that can be involved in non-peripheral pebble sets. We furthermore describe algorithms to find such points.
Kaluza-Klein structure associated with a fat brane

It is known that the imposition of orbifold boundary conditions on a background scalar field can give rise to a nontrivial vacuum expectation value along extra dimensions, which in turn generates fat branes and associated unconventional Kaluza-Klein (KK) towers of fermions. We study the structure of these KK towers in the limit of one large extra dimension and show that normalizable (bound) states of massless and massive fermions can exist at both orbifold fixed points. A closer look, however, indicates that orbifold boundary conditions act to suppress at least half of the bound KK modes, while periodic boundary conditions tend to drive high-lying modes to a conventional structure. By investigating the scattering of fermions on branes, we analytically compute the masses and wave functions of KK spectra in the presence of these boundary conditions up to the one-loop level. The implication of KK-number nonconservation couplings for the Coulomb potential is also examined.
Coupling energy homeostasis with a mechanism to support plasticity in brain trauma

Metabolic dysfunction occurring after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important risk factor for the development of psychiatric illness. In the present study, we utilized an omega-3 diet during early life as a metabolic preconditioning to alter the course of TBI during adulthood. TBI animals under omega-3 deficiency were more prone to alterations in energy homeostasis (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; AMPK phosphorylation and cytochrome C oxidase II; COII levels) and mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; PGC-1α and mitochondrial transcription factor A; TFAM). A similar response was found for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its signaling through tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). The results from in vitro studies showed that 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a TrkB receptor agonist, upregulates the levels of biogenesis activator PGC-1α, and CREB phosphorylation in neuroblastoma cells suggesting that BDNF-TrkB signaling is pivotal for engaging signals related to synaptic plasticity and energy metabolism. The treatment with 7,8-DHF elevated the mitochondrial respiratory capacity, which emphasizes the role of BDNF-TrkB signaling as mitochondrial bioenergetics stimulator. Omega-3 deficiency worsened the effects of TBI on anxiety-like behavior and potentiated a reduction of anxiolytic neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R). These results highlight the action of metabolic preconditioning for building long-term neuronal resilience against TBI incurred during adulthood. Overall, the results emphasize the interactive action of metabolic and plasticity signals for supporting neurological health.
Ragone Plot Comparison of Radioisotope Cells and the Direct Sodium Borohydride/Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cell With Chemical Batteries

Radioisotope cells (RCs) and a direct sodium borohydride/hydrogen peroxide fuel cell ( FC) are compared to conventional chemical batteries through Ragone plots of theoretical (RCs) and experimental (chemical batteries and FC) data. It is found that the RCs are projected to have superior specific energy but inferior specific power, while the borohydride/peroxide FC shows an impressive range for both parameters. Thus, RCs may be especially useful in battery charging, communications, or other applications that require a long-lived, low-power source or periodic pulses of energy. While the borohydride/peroxide FC can be scaled to a variety of high-power applications, it is especially well suited for space and undersea use where air independence is essential.
Childhood Abuse, Perceived Social Support, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: A Moderation Model

Abuse characteristics and perceived social support are well documented factors that affect abuse survivor outcomes, but the interaction between abuse type (i.e., child sexual abuse, child physical abuse) and social support (i.e., friend, family, and significant other support) is less understood. The current sample included 265 female survivors of childhood abuse (124 sexual abuse survivors, 141 physical abuse survivors) between the ages of 19–26 years. The findings suggest that perceived social support can be either a protective or risk factor when predicting posttraumatic stress symptoms depending on the type of abuse and social support. Greater perceived family and friend support appears to be a protective factor against the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms only in physical abuse survivors, and not in sexual abuse survivors. Conversely, perceived significant other support is a risk factor in sexual abuse survivors, whereas it is not related to posttraumatic stress symptoms in physical abuse survivors. The current study has important implications for understanding the complex picture of child abuse outcomes and explanations for the findings are provided.
Measurement of the Absolute Raman Cross Section of the Optical Phonon in Silicon

Abstract The absolute Raman cross section σ R S of the first-order 519 cm−1 optical phonon in silicon was measured using a small temperature-controlled blackbody for the signal calibration of the Raman system. Measurements were made with a 25-mil thick (001) silicon sample located in the focal plane of a 20-mm effective focal length (EFL) lens using 785-, 1064-, and 1535-nm CW pump lasers for the excitation of Raman scattering. The pump beam was polarized along the [100] axis of the silicon sample. Values of 1.0±0.2×10−27, 3.6±0.7×10−28, and 1.1±0.2×10−29 cm2 were determined for σ RS for 785-, 1064-, and 1535-nm excitation, respectively. The corresponding values of the Raman scattering efficiency S are 4.0±0.8×10−6, 1.4±0.3×10−6, and 4.4±0.8×10−8 cm−1 sr−1.The values of the Raman polarizability | d | for 785-, 1064-, and 1535-nm excitation are 4.4±0.4×10−15, 5.1±0.5×10−15, and 1.9±0.2×10−15 cm2, respectively. The values of 4.4±0.4×10−15 and 5.1±0.5×10−15 cm2 for | d | for 785- and 1064-nm excitation, respectively, are 1.3 and 2.0 times larger than the values of 3.5×10−15 and 2.5×10−15 cm2 calculated by Wendel. The Raman polarizability | d | computed using the density functional theory in the long-wavelength limit is consistent with the general trend of the measured data and Wendel’s model.
Local Polynomial Estimation of Regression Functions for Mixing Processes

Local polynomial fitting has many exciting statistical properties which where established under i.i.d. setting. However, the need for non-linea r time series modeling, constructing predictive intervals, understanding divergence of non-linear time series requires the development of the theory of local polynomial fitting for dependent data. In this paper, we study the problem of estimating conditional mean functions and their derivatives via a local polynomial fit. The functions include conditional moments, conditional distribution as well as conditional density functions. Joint asymptotic normality for derivative estimation is established for both strongly mixing and ρ-mixing processes.
Charge Model 4 and Intramolecular Charge Polarization

Partial atomic charges provide the most widely used model for molecular charge polarization, and Charge Model 4 (CM4) is designed to provide partial atomic charges that correspond to an accurate charge distribution, even though they may be calculated with polarized double-ζ basis sets with any density functional. Here we extend CM4 to six additional basis sets, and we present a model (CM4M) that is individually optimized for the M06 suite of density functionals for ten basis sets. These charge models yield class IV partial atomic charges by mapping from those obtained with Lowdin or redistributed Lowdin population analyses of density functional electronic charge distributions. CM4M/M06-2X/6-31G(d)//M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) partial atomic charges are calculated for ethylene, CHnCl4-n (n = 0−4), benzene, nitrobenzene, phenol, and fluoromethanol and used to discuss gas-phase polarization effects.
A millisecond infrared stopped-flow apparatus.

In this paper, we have described a stopped-flow apparatus that is capable of measuring infrared kinetics in the amide I′ region of a protein's vibrational spectrum. The dead time of this setup, determined by the reducing reaction of 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol by L-ascorbic acid, is between 6 to 15 ms, depending on the flow rate. Therefore, this stopped-flow IR method provides a means of measuring infrared kinetics in a time window that is not easily accessible to other mixing-based IR techniques. Using this apparatus, we have studied the alkaline transition of cytrochrome c and have found that this conformational event proceeds in a biphasic manner. The characteristic time constants of these two phases were determined to be 68 ± 20 ms and 624 ± 37 ms, respectively.
Psychological Impact of Negotiating Two Cultures: Latino Coping and Self-Esteem

Among 96 Latino adults, active coping accounted for variance in global self-esteem beyond that of biculturalism and sociodemographic indicators. The findings highlight the importance of accounting for the way Latino adults approach negotiating multiple cultural contexts. Extending acculturation research to integrate competence-based formulations provides comprehensive information regarding cultural adaptation. Entre una muestra de 96 adultos Latinos, el afrontamiento activo dio cuenta de la varianza en autoestima global mas alla de los indicadores de biculturalismo y sociodemograficos. Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de buscar una explicacion a la forma en que los adultos Latinos enfocan la negociacion de multiples contextos culturales. Extender el ambito de la investigacion sobre aculturacion para integrar las formulaciones basadas en competencia proporciona una informacion exhaustiva sobre la adaptacion cultural.
Iron Loading Enhances Susceptibility to Renal Ischemia in Rats

Because chronic iron overload can cause organ injury in hemochromatosis and because iron participates in injury during renal ischemia-reperfusion, the effect of mild subacute renal iron loading on the susceptibility to ischemic acute renal failure was evaluated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with iron nitrilotriacetate (1 mg iron/kg BW i.p. daily) for 5 days. Controls were instead injected with nitrilotriacetate. Seventy-two hours later animals were subjected to 40-min renal artery ischemia. Iron loading produced a 28% increase in kidney iron content without any change in baseline renal function (plasma creatinine) or histology. Ischemic renal injury was far more severe in iron-loaded animals. Plasma creatinine 24 and 48 h after ischemia was significantly higher in iron-loaded rats (3.3 and 3.4 vs. 2.2 and 0.8 mg/dL) and GFR was significantly lower in iron-loaded rats (0.30 vs. 0.78 mL/min). In addition, iron-loaded rats showed a dramatically greater extent of damage by histologic evaluation usin...
The Convective Boundary Layer in the Terra Incognita

Numerical simulations of a convective boundary layer (CBL) are performed to investigate model behavior in the terra incognita, also known as the gray zone. The terra incognita of the CBL refers to a range of model grid spacing that is comparable to the size of the most energetic convective eddies, which are on the order of the boundary layer depth. Using the Rayleigh‐Benard thermal instability as reference, a set of idealized simulationsisused toshow that grayzone modelingisnot onlya numericalchallenge,but also poses dynamical difficulties. When the grid spacing falls within the CBL gray zone, grid-dependent convection can occur. The size of the initial instability structures is set by the grid spacing rather than the natural state of the flow. This changes higher-order flow statistics and poses fundamental difficulties for gray zone modeling applications.
Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds

In this chapter, we construct some examples of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. We begin with a geometric method for constructing spherical, Euclidean, and hyperbolic 3-manifolds in Sections 10.1 and 10.2. Examples of complete hyperbolic 3-manifolds of finite volume are constructed in Section 10.3. The problem of computing the volume of a hyperbolic 3-manifold is taken up in Section 10.4. The chapter ends with a detailed study of hyperbolic Dehn surgery on the figure-eight knot complement.