cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of isotopic content on the rate constants for the dissociative electron–ion recombination of N2H+

Abstract The rate constants, α e , for dissociative electron–ion recombination of various isotopic combinations of N 2 H + have been determined at 300 and 500 K in a variable temperature flowing afterglow using a Langmuir probe to determine the electron density. The values of α e at 300 K are 2.77 ( 14 N 2 H + ), 2.12 ( 14 N 2 D + ), 2.31 ( 15 N 2 H + ) and 1.98 ( 15 N 2 D + ) × 10 −7 cm 3 s −1 . The equivalent values at 500 K are 2.84, 2.33, 2.93, and 2.33 respectively. This has shown that the greatest change occurs between H and D substitution α e ( 14/15 N 2 D + )/ α e ( 14/15 N 2 H + ) ∼ 0.765/0.857 at 300 K and 0.820/0.795 at 500 K respectively. Values at 500 K are consistently larger than at 300 K. At both temperatures, the rate constants with H substitution are larger than with D substitution for both 14 N and 15 N. Values with 14 N substitution are larger than with 15 N for both H and D. At 500 K, the values are independent of whether the ion contains 14 N or 15 N. Gas-phase 15 N fractionation enhancement is predicted in many regions of the interstellar medium including cold and pre-stellar cores. The effect of this fractionation on the recombination process is investigated. The relevance to storage ring measurements of recombination rate constants is considered and applications to the chemistry of the interstellar medium are discussed.
Imaginary Migration Exercise In Multicultural Geography

Abstract This paper presents a writing assignment designed to educate students about an ethnic or racial group different from their own. The assignment sensitizes them to the historical and geographical experiences, perceptions, values, and viewpoints of an American subculture other than their own. The assignment was designed for a lower division university course in regional geography and should, therefore, prove appropriate for community college and, possibly, high school students as well. Though targeted to a regional course in California, the exercise can easily be adapted to a course in any region of North America or to a regional or cultural geography of the United States or Canada. This article first sketches the context in which this exercise developed and the curricular needs it meets. It then describes the exercise itself and briefly presents results obtained from the assignment. In the last section, the article provides source material students can consult to complete the assignment.
Ultrastructural and histochemical analysis of cytoplasmic laminar bodies in lateral geniculate neurons of adult cat

The structure of highly organized, cytoplasmic laminar bodies (CLB) of cat lateral geniculate body neurons is described. CLB are derived from endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The occurrence of other cytoplasmic bodies also derived from ER and mesh-like in composition is noted. Stacks of dense membranous elements, restricted to one pole of each type of cytoplasmic body, were encountered. Mention is made of the relative persistence of CLB in atrophic neurons that show marked changes including loss of cytoplasmic granular ER. The tubules of CLB are normally coextensive with the granular ER. The topographic relationships of CLB with other cellular organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi complex and the nucleus are discussed. Routine staining techniques clearly demonstrate the CLB in 2 μ paraffin sections of tissue fixed by perfusion with buffered formalin. Histochemical tests show that CLB are chemically complex structures containing protein, lipid and polysaccharide components.
CT, MRI, and color Doppler ultrasound correlation of pancreatoblastoma: A case report

Pancreatic neoplasms in childhood are rare but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of masses in the region of the lesser sac. A case of pancreatoblastoma in a 3 1/2-year-old boy is presented. The patient was studied with US, CT, and MR imaging.
Structure and dynamics of Escherichia coli chemosensory receptors. Engineered sulfhydryl studies

Cysteine residues introduced by site-directed mutagenesis have been used to probe the conformation and dynamics of two receptors in the E. coli chemotaxis pathway. (a) Thermal motions of the polypeptide backbone were investigated in the periplasmic D-galactose and D-glucose receptor, a globular protein of known structure. Disulfide bond formation between pairs of engineered sulfhydryls were used to trap collisions during the relative motions of surface alpha-helices I and X. Motions with amplitudes ranging from 4.5 to 15.2 A were detected on timescales ranging from 10(-4) to 10(-1) s, respectively. These results suggest that thermal backbone motions may have larger amplitudes than previously thought. (b) Conformational features of the transmembrane aspartate transducer have been investigated. Engineered sulfhydryls were used to ascertain the location and orientations of two putative transmembrane alpha-helices in the primary structure, to investigate the packing of these helices, to determine the oligomer and surface structures, and to detect thermal and ligand-induced dynamics of the polypeptide backbone. A model for the folded conformation of the transducer oligomer is reviewed.
Determinants of substrate specificity in KdcA, a thiamin diphosphate-dependent decarboxylase

Thiamin diphosphate-dependent decarboxylases catalyze the non-oxidative decarboxylation of 2-keto carboxylic acids. Although they display relatively low sequence similarity, and broadly different range of substrates, these enzymes show a common homotetrameric structure. Here we describe a kinetic characterization of the substrate spectrum of a recently identified member of this class, the branched chain 2-keto acid decarboxylase (KdcA) from Lactococcus lactis. In order to understand the structural basis for KdcA substrate recognition we developed a homology model of its structure. Ser286, Phe381, Val461 and Met358 were identified as residues that appeared to shape the substrate binding pocket. Subsequently, site-directed mutagenesis was carried out on these residues with a view to converting KdcA into a pyruvate decarboxylase. The results show that the mutations all lowered the Km value for pyruvate and both the S286Y and F381W variants also had greatly increased values of k(cat) with pyruvate as a substrate.
A Response to "School-Based Collaboration with Families":

This article is an invited response to the ideas set forth in O'Callaghan's article, "School-Based Collaboration With Families: An Effective Modelfor a Society in Crisis." Advocacy for school-perspective to school referral interventions is applauded. Several areas of concern with the suggested model presented are, however, raised and discussed along with suggestions for improving upon the model by going beyond family therapy toward a multisystemic perspective for prevention, early intervention, and remedial services.
Effects of chronic SCH 23390 or acute EEDQ on the discriminative stimulus effects of SKF 38393.

Three groups of rats (n = 8/group) were trained in a two-lever, food-reinforced drug discrimination paradigm to discriminate the D1 agonist SKF 38393 (SKF; 8.0 mg/kg, IP) form saline. After acquisition of the discrimination, the dose-response function for SKF (2.0–16 mg/kg, IP) was determined using a cumulative dosing procedure. In one group, the SKF dose-response function was redetermined 1 week after a regimen of 0.25 mg/kg of the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (SCH), IP, once/day for 10 days, again 1 week after a second regimen of 0.5 mg/kg SCH, IP, twice/day for 10 days, and a third time after a regimen of 1.0 mg/kg SCH, IP, twice/day for 21 days. SKF dose-response functions were determined in a group of control rats after identical injection regimens of saline. In the third group of rats, SKF dose-response functions were determined 24 h after an injection of N-ethoxycarboxyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) (irreversible antagonist) vehicle; again 24 h after an injection of 3.0 mg/kg; again 48 h after 6.0 mg/kg EEDQ; and finally 48 h after two consecutive daily injections of 6.0 mg/kg EEDQ (12 mg/kg total). The dose-response function for the percentage of responses that occurred on the SKF lever (%DL) shifted significantly to the left following the second regimen of SCH; there was no further shift after the third regimen. The effects of SKF on response rate were unchanged by SCH administration. Repeated administration of saline did not alter the SKF dose-response function for %DL or response rate. Administration of EEDQ vehicle or EEDQ also failed to alter the SKF dose-response functions for %DL. However, EEDQ itself decreased response rate and enhanced the rate-decreasing effects of SKF. Binding studies conducted 14 days after SCH exposure indicated a significant increase in Bmax for D1 binding sites in the corpus striatum in SCH-treated rats. Bmax tended to increase in the nucleus accumbens, but did not achieve statistical significance. EEDQ treatment decreased Bmax in corpus striatum 48 h after administration, but had no effect in nucleus accumbens. Kd was unchanged in either region by either treatment. The results demonstrate that repeated administration of the D1 antagonist SCH can sensitize rats to the DS effects of the D1 agonist SKF, perhaps via an up-regulation of D1 receptors in the brain. Further, the results suggest that drug discrimination is a useful in vivo bioassay for measuring changes in CNS receptors.
Application of microcolumn liquid chromatography-continuous-flow fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in environmental studies of sulfonylurea herbicides.

Abstract The use of 0.25-mm I.D. packed capillary liquid chromatography columns coupled with continuous-flow fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry has proven to be a very valuable technique, especially for the identification of unknown sulfonylurea herbicide metabolites. Several new and unusual heterocycle ring-opened metabolites and hydrolysis products were identified, and metabolic pathways were proposed. Typical column flow-rates are 1–2 μl/min, which allows direct coupling with no sample splitting. This is important in our metabolite identification work, since we are usuallly sample-limited. Techniques for increasing injection volume to allow analyses of dilute solutions and the use of polymeric packing for separation of polar metabolites are discussed. The FAB mass spectra usually provide unequivocal molecular weights and structurally useful fragments ions, which often allows structure assignments on exceedingly small quantities of isolated metabolites.
A Model Based System For The Interpretation Of MR Human Brain Scans

This paper describes a prototype system for identifying and characterizing Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions in the brain from magnetic resonance (MR) images. The system is designed to obtain an initial segmentation of each cross-sectional image with low level vision methods, and then derive successive refinements of image subregions through a model-driven approach that correlates relevant information from T1 and T2 images and 3-D information from complementary cross-sections when necessary. The system uses a b-spline surface model of the brain that matches the characteristics of the individual's brain. The normal internal structures of the brain are then scaled proportionately before carrying out the successive refinement operations for the detection of the MS lesions. The low level vision and the solid modeling components of the system have been successfully tested on several hundred images from a number of MR patient studies. The first steps of model fitting have been implemented and show promising results.
Phototropism in Higher Plants — Controversies and Caveats1

Recent literature on light-induced changes in the distribution of growth and of endogenous growth regulators in the development of phototropic curvature is reviewed. It is concluded that in a great many cases the Cholodny-Went hypothesis is sufficient to account for the growth changes bringing about curvature, though in certain dicotyledonous seedlings differential effects of light on the synthesis of growth inhibitors across the tissue from the lighted to the shaded side are implicated. The problems in the interpretation of results from experiments in which more than one photoresponse may be simultaneously induced are discussed and methods of circumventing them considered. Action spectroscopy suggests that dicotyledonous seedlings may have the same phototropic photoreceptor as monocotyledonous seedlings.
Regenerative medicine: An eye to treating blindness.

Work on stem cells is one of the hottest research areas in biology. But are such studies of any therapeutic value? Fortunately, yes, as is evident from successes in treating blindness.
Comparison of screening procedures in hydroxychloroquine toxicity.

Objectives To compare different screening procedures for hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Plaquenil) toxicity at different stages of damage. Methods Ten patients were studied using 10-2 automated fields, multifocal electroretinography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and fundus autofluorescence. Results All 10 patients used hydroxychloroquine for more than 6 years, and those with severe toxicity had been overdosed. Fundus examination findings were normal except for the patients with severe toxicity. All the patients showed parafoveal field loss, but this was sometimes subtle. Multifocal electroretinography demonstrated parafoveal weakness in the milder cases. The SD-OCT subfield thickness plots showed a ring of parafoveal thinning in all the patients. The SD-OCT cross-sections showed parafoveal loss of the inner segment–outer segment and cone outer segment tip lines at early stages of toxicity, progressing to parafoveal thinning of the outer nuclear layer and eventually to retinal pigment epithelium damage. There was a ring of autofluorescence in most patients. Conclusions Overdosage with hydroxychloroquine seemed a significant risk factor for toxicity. Different individuals were more or less sensitive to different tests. Fields can be sensitive but only if read with a low threshold for change. Hydroxychloroquine causes early parafoveal loss of the outer segment lines on SD-OCT, with the first changes often evident in the inferotemporal quadrant. Parafoveal thinning of the outer nuclear layer follows, before retinal pigment epithelium damage is visible. Careful screening with multiple tests can detect toxic damage before prominent loss of the outer nuclear layer.
Critical-state model for harmonic generation in high-temperature superconductors.

High-temperature superconductors exhibit harmonic generation when immersed in an ac magnetic field. To explain this phenomenon, we propose a macroscopic critical-state model as an alternative to the loop model used by Jeffries et al. While the original Bean model of the critical state only predicts odd harmonics, our extended model also predicts even harmonics by taking into account the dependence of the critical current upon magnetic field. The results of our measurements of harmonic signals as a function of ac magnetic field, dc magnetic field, temperature, and harmonic number are consistent with the proposed model. In particular, we find that, as the magnetic field is increased, the critical current crosses over from the Bean regime, where ${J}_{c}$ is independent of field, to the Anderson-Kim regime, where ${J}_{c}$ is approximately inversely proportional to the field.
Rotational capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers

A rotational capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (RCMUT) for airborne ultrasound applications is presented. The device is comprised of two conventional parallel-plate CMUTs mechanically coupled via a pivoting-beam structure. The cavity beneath each CMUT piston is vacuum-sealed to reduce thermal-mechanical noise and unwanted air-film dynamics. The pivoting structure is designed to provide high bending stiffness and low rotational stiffness. The beam therefore serves to reduce common-mode deflection of the structure under large omnipresent atmospheric pressure that statically loads the structure upon vacuum sealing, while enabling the structure to maintain sensitivity to small differential pressure between diaphragms. The coupling structure therefore permits larger, more compliant vacuum-sealed diaphragms to exist than would otherwise be possible without the coupling structure. Theoretically, this enables a design path towards highly-compliant, vacuum-sealed sensors to address relatively-low frequency airborne ultrasound applications. The paper summarizes the fabrication of prototypes and their dynamic characterization using electrostatic drive signals and laser Doppler vibrometry.
Anionic constituents of acid rain and microbial activity in soil

Abstract Soil amended with 1% glucose was treated with H 2 SO 4 , fuming H 2 SO 4 , HCl, H 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , fuming HNO 3 or with combinations of fuming and non-fuming H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 to lower the bulk soil pH to values ranging from 5.0 to 2.0. There was a difference in the amount of toxicity caused by the different acids at the same bulk pH of soils. Acidification to pH 2.8 or 2.9 prolonged the lag phase of glucose degradation; fuming HNO 3 had the greatest effect, and fuming H 2 SO 4 was only slightly more toxic than non-fuming H 2 SO 4 . At pH 2.3–2.4, fuming HNO 3 , alone or in combination with H 2 SO 4 , inhibited CO 2 evolution. Both fuming and non-fuming HNO 3 also reduced the amount of C mineralized to a greater extent than did fuming and non-fuming H 2 SO 4 . The amounts of C mineralized from soils treated with combinations of H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 were intermediate between those from soils treated with each of these acids alone. HCl and H 3 PO 4 had a similar effect on prolonging the lag as did non-fuming H 2 SO 4 . H 3 PO 4 was less toxic than the other acids and sometimes increased the total amount of C mineralized. The “anionic effect” of acid rain must, therefore, be considered in addition to the effect of the proton. When the soil was inoculated with a suspension of microbiologically-active soil, more C was mineralized, in general, and the inhibitory effects of acidification on C mineralization were less pronounced than in soil that had not been inoculated. The addition of montmorillonite, but not of kaolinite, enhanced the growth of Aspergillus niger in soils amended with 2:1 combinations of H 2 SO 4 and fuming HNO 3 however, growth was inhibited completely at pH 3.4.
Reversible defect of neutrophil chemotaxis and random migration in primary hyperparathyroidism.

ABSTRACT Chemotactic and random migrations of neutrophils derived from four patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were found to be defective. These abnormalities improved significantly in parallel with the decrease in serum calcium and parathormone and with the increase in serum phosphorus concentration after surgical removal of the adenoma. These observations suggest a possible role for parathormone phosphorus and calcium in the motility of neutrophils. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48: 582, 1979)
Invariance of stiff stability under a small parameter variation

Abstract For specific values of the algorithm coefficients, it is known that certain linear multistep methods are stiffly stable. One might expect this property to be invariant under small variations in the coefficients. We here establish by implicit function techniques conditions under which this circumstance indeed occurs.
Fast timing circuit for use with Čerenkov counters

Abstract A timing circuit is described operating with Cerenkov counters of low light yield. Resolving times of 2 × 0.8 ns were measured with two counters, each producing an average of less than 5 collected photoelectrons. Light pulser measurements with 1000 photoelectrons yielded a resolving time of 2 × 70 ps. Design considerations, operating characteristics, and measurements with light pulser, with Cerenkov counters, and with the beam knockout system of the Stanford two-mile accelerator are discussed.
Penetration of boron carbide, aluminum, and beryllium alloys by depleted uranium rods: Modeling and experimentation

As part of the US stockpile stewardship program, it is necessary to perform experiments with various metallic components and explosives. These experiments will be conducted within specially designed blast vessels to ensure that the debris from the experiment is contained. The debris includes fragments that are launched at hypervelocities. The blast vessels are built primarily of steel, but have windows of either aluminum or beryllium alloys for diagnostic equipment requirements. To contain the hypervelocity depleted uranium fragments, ceramic armoring of the windows and steel vessel is used. To develop the necessary design tools, a program of experiments and modeling was begun. Preliminary pre-test predictions were made to design experiments. The experiments were conducted with targets representative of the armored windows in the vessel. To assist in the vessel design, two- and three-layered target analytical models were developed to predict the penetration of depleted uranium rods striking at velocities up to 2 km/s into layered targets of ceramic (boron carbide and silicon carbide) and aluminum, beryllium and steel alloys. The agreement between the pre-test predictions, the developed layered-target analytical model, and the experiments is good.
Cross coupling reactions of multiple CCl bonds of polychlorinated solvents with Grignard reagent using a pincer nickel complex

Abstract The nickel(II) complex of a bulky pincer-type ligand, N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamido, was examined for sp3–sp3 coupling of Grignard reagents with polychlorinated solvents. The nickel(II) complex catalyzed C C coupling of polychlorinated alkyl halides, such as dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), chloroform (CHCl3), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), with various Grignard reagents. The effective activation of multiple C Cl bonds proceeded under ambient reaction conditions and within a short time (20 min). This catalyst displays the highest activity yet reported for this reaction type, with catalyst loading as low as 0.4 mol% and turnover frequency (TOF) as high as 724 h−1. The catalyst is capable of replacing all chlorine atoms with C C bond formations for all of the polychlorinated solvents under investigation. The catalytic process could prove to be an efficient method of remediation of toxic polychlorinated solvents while generating synthetically and commercially important chemicals.
An Earth observation mission based on the MiniSIL™ platform

Abstract Over the past several years Space Innovations Limited has developed an integrated suite of satellite sub-systems particularly suited to use on small satellites. The sub-systems are inherently modular, with simple electrical and mechanical interfaces, making them readily adaptable to different satellite configurations, a concept known as semi-standardisation. The Company has now developed two generic types of low-cost small satellite bus which also make use of this concept: MicroSIL for satellites in the mass range 40–80kg; and MiniSIL for satellites in the range 100–350kg. Both bus types can support all the different stabilisation methods including spinning, 3-axis control and gravity gradient stabilisation. They have simple mechanical and electrical interfaces with the payload and are able to support a wide variety of missions including Earth resources, scientific, communications and technology demonstration missions. This paper covers the MiniSIL™ basic features and follows on with an application of the bus as a 3-axis stabilised Earth Observation (EO) platform providing multi-spectral 15m resolution from an 800km orbit and using an SIL ground Station.
Publication type and discipline variation in published academic writing: Investigating statistical interaction in corpus data

This study uses Multi-Dimensional analysis to describe linguistic variation in a corpus of published academic writing across three publication types in two disciplines. The resulting five dimensions were labeled: “Affective synthesis versus specialized information density”, “Definition and evaluation of new concepts”, “Author-centered stance”, “Reader-friendly narrative”, and “Abstract observation and description”. Factorial ANOVAs were used to test for significant interactions between publication type and discipline on each of the five linguistic dimensions. Statistical interactions were discovered for four of the five dimensions. The appropriate tests for statistical differences, either for main effects or simple effects, were performed, and publication type and discipline patterns were interpreted for all five dimensions. This paper highlights the importance of accounting for all of the independent factors in a corpus, using factorial ANOVAs where appropriate, in order to appropriately analyze and interpret patterns of linguistic variability.
Intestinal ischemia: Reduction of mortality utilizing intraluminal perfluorochemical

This study reports an assessment of a method of intestinal protection by the intraluminal administration of an oxygenated perfluorochemical, perfluorotributylamine, or gaseous oxygen in an attempt to provide oxygen for mucosal cells rendered ischemia. A model of acute arterial or acute arteriovenous ischemia was produced in adult female rats. All control ischemic animals died within 12 hours. To assess intestinal protection, the mortality rates in the experimental groups were compared with the 100 percent control mortality. Gaseous oxygen and oxygenated perfluorochemical administered intraluminally reduced mortality significantly in the acute arterial model but not in rats with arteriovenous occlusion. Electron microscopy demonstrated preservation of villi after 1 and 2 hours of occlusion in the oxygen-treated groups. Light microscopy revealed massive destruction in control animals with preserved architecture in both the gaseous oxygen and oxygenated perfluorochemical groups. These results demonstrate that the intraluminal delivery of oxygen to bowel rendered ischemic by arterial occlusion may significantly decrease anatomic bowel disruption and improve animal survival. Such techniques have a potential clinical application to facilitate salvage of ischemic intestine and to augment intestinal preservation.
Extracellular development of erythrocytic stages ofPlasmodium falciparum

Continuous culture of the erythrocytic cycle ofPlasmodium falciparum within human erythrocytes maintained under appropriate conditionsin vitro has facilitated a large body of fundamental investigations with this important pathogen. It has revealed complex relationships between the developing intracellular parasite and its host erythrocyte. In pursuit of further understanding of these relationships, we have now developed, and here describe, methods that support extracellular development of the erythrocytic stages ofP. falciparum. Since only 1 to 2% of an inoculum of free merozoites can develop extracellularly through the entire schizogonic cycle to again form merozoites, the method does not support continuous extracellular culture. The work shows that the parasitophorous membrane and vacuole are not essential. Development of the parasites beyond the ring stage does however require constituents of the erythrocyte membrane.
Odor identification and progression of parkinsonian signs in older persons.

The authors tested the hypothesis that difficulty in identifying odors, a common finding in Parkinson's disease, is associated with more rapid progression of parkinsonian signs in 743 community-dwelling older people without dementia or Parkinson's disease at study onset. Odor identification ability was assessed at baseline with the 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test (mean = 9.0 correct, SD = 2.1), and parkinsonism was assessed annually for up to 5 years with a modified version of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. In an analysis adjusted for age, sex, and education, lower odor identification score was related to higher level of global parkinsonism at baseline (p < .001) and more rapid progression of global parkinsonism on follow-up (p = .002). This result mainly reflected an association of odor identification with worsening parkinsonian gait. The results suggest that impaired odor identification is associated with more rapid progression of parkinsonism in old age, particularly parkinsonian...
Manufactured Responsiveness: The Impact of State Electoral Laws on Unified Party Control of the Presidency and House of Representatives, 1840–1940

The modern history of divided government in America suggests that the framers succeeded in creating a government unresponsive to popular passions. Yet in the nineteenth century the party winning the presidency almost always captured control of the House of Representatives. Why and how could nineteenth century national elections be so responsive that they resemble parliamentary outcomes? We identify electoral institutions present in the states that directly linked congressional elections to presidential coattails. Specifically, we estimate the impact of state ballot laws and the strategic design of congressional districts on presidential coattail voting from 1840 to 1940. We find that presidential elections, as mediated by state electoral laws, strongly account for unified party control of the House and the presidency throughout the nineteenth century. W orried that unified control of government would breed majority tyranny, the Constitution’s Framers created separate executive and legislative branches and provided each with the authority to check the excesses of the other. They also sought an electoral remedy by varying constituencies, term lengths, and modes of election across the branches and legislative chambers. The modern history of inconclusive national elections and divided party control of government suggests that they did their job well. From 1948 through 2000 only five of 13 presidential elections found the same party winning the presidency and both chambers of Congress. Equally revealing, only once (Democrats in 1952) did a governing party collapse and wholly surrender control of Congress and the presidency. Limiting comparison to control of the president and the House of Representatives, a pairing more likely to turn up unified outcomes, only seven of 13 presidential elections ended with the same party controlling both institutions.
129 I nuclear quadrupole interaction in trigonal Te and the role of oxygen contamination

$^{129}\mathrm{I}$ M\"ossbauer spectra of trigonal Te are shown to be sensitive to the presence of oxygen contamination of the starting enriched $^{128}\mathrm{Te}$ metal used in these measurements. The oxygen is shown to be chemically bonded as a ${\mathrm{TeO}}_{2}$ phase. Results on pure Te taken with a thin $^{129}\mathrm{INa}$ absorber (15 mg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) yield, at 4.2 K, ${e}^{2}qQ=\ensuremath{-}397.4(1.7)$ MHz, $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.70(1)$, $\ensuremath{\delta}=+1.16(1)$ mm/s, and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\mathrm{obs}}=1.13(1)$ mm/s.
Biliary Secretion of Thyroxine in Rats with Thyroid-Depressing Hypothalamic Lesions

The 131I-labeled thyroxine (131I-T4) clearance and biliary secretion was studied in rats with confirmed depression of thyroid function following hypothalamic lesions. Biliary secretion and clearance of 131I-T4 over a 4-hr period were both significantly lower in rats with lesions than in controls, but the total volume of bile did not differ between groups. Plasma 131I-T4 levels were higher in the lesioned rats than in controls 3 1/2 hr after injection of labeled T4. (Endocrinology 84: 950, 1969)
A Kuratowski-type theorem for the maximum genus of a graph

Abstract Let G be a finite connected graph. The genus of G, denoted by γ(G), is the least integer n such that G can be imbedded in Sn. The maximum genus of G, denoted by γM(G), is the largest integer k such that G can be 2-cell imbedded in Sk. This paper characterizes those graphs G for which γ(G) = γM(G). As part of this characterization, it is shown that γM(G) = 0 if and only if G does not contain a subgraph isomorphic to a subdivision of one of two given graphs.
The withdrawal of stimulant medication for hyperactivity: Overcoming detrimental attributions**

This case study documents the difficulties involved in withdrawing a 9-yearold hyperactive boy from methylphenidate (Ritalin), and highlights the detrimental effects caused by this child's maladaptive attributions. Treatment involved a behavioral approach and cognitive procedures aimed at changing the dysfunctional attributions. The role of attributions made by hyperactive, children treated with stimulant medication is discussed
Associative interference as a function of amount of first-task practice and stimulus similarity.

Abstract The effects of first-task practice and stimulus similarity on transfer in a verbal paired-associate task were evaluated under the A-B, A-Br, and A-B, A-C paradigms relative to an A-B, D-C control using elementary school children as Ss. In agreement with previous findings, both the A-C and A-Br paradigms resulted in associative interference, with the effect more pronounced in the latter paradigm. An increase in stimulus similarity increased task difficulty in both the acquisition and transfer tasks but did not differentially affect performance under the transfer paradigms. Amount of first-task practice interacted with paradigms in that associative interference decreased in the A-C paradigm and showed little change in the A-Br paradigm with an increase in first-task practice. In a second experiment the same design and procedure were followed with the exception that amount of first-task practice was varied according to predetermined numbers of trials rather than criteria of mastery as in the first study. The results for transfer performance essentially paralleled those of the first experiment, differing only in failing to obtain a significant interaction of paradigms with amount of practice.
Modeling and measuring product development cycle time across industries

Abstract As global competitive pressure increases and product life cycles compress, companies are trying to shorten product development cycles. This article relates the actual length of product development cycle times (in months) for project data from 21 divisions of 11 firms in 5 industries to project, process and team structure factors with statistically significant results. The model and data quantify the impact of project newness and complexity (the number of functions a product performs) on increasing development cycle time length. The data also demonstrate how much impact using a cross-functional product development team has on decreasing cycle time.
Theory of magnetic enhancement in strontium hexaferrite through Zn–Sn pair substitution

Abstract We study the site occupancy and magnetic properties of Zn–Sn substituted M -type Sr-hexaferrite SrFe 12− x (Zn 0.5 Sn 0.5 ) x O 19 with x =1 using first-principles total-energy calculations. We find that in the lowest-energy configuration Zn 2+ and Sn 4+ ions preferentially occupy the 4 f 1 and 4 f 2 sites, respectively, in contrast to the model previously suggested by Ghasemi et al. [J. Appl. Phys, 107 , 09A734 (2010)], where Zn 2+ and Sn 4+ ions occupy the 2 b and 4 f 2 sites. Density-functional theory calculations show that our model has a lower total energy by more than 0.2 eV per unit cell compared to Ghasemi's model. More importantly, the latter does not show an increase in saturation magnetization ( M s ) compared to the pure M -type Sr-hexaferrite, in disagreement with the experiment. On the other hand, our model correctly predicts a rapid increase in M s as well as a decrease in magnetic anisotropy compared to the pure M -type Sr-hexaferrite, consistent with experimental measurements.
Drug users' adherence to a 6-month vaccination protocol: Effects of motivational incentives

Abstract Vaccines represent a new and promising avenue of treatment for drug abuse but pose new medication adherence challenges due to prolonged and widely spaced administration schedules. This study examined effects of prize-based incentives on retention and medication adherence among 26 cocaine users involved in a 6-month hepatitis B vaccination series. Participants could meet with research staff weekly for 24 weeks and receive 7 injections containing either the Hepatitis B vaccine or a placebo. All participants received $10 at each weekly visit (maximum of $240). Those randomly assigned to the incentive program received additional monetary payments on an escalating schedule for attendance at weekly monitoring and vaccination visits with maximum possible earnings of $751. Group attendance diverged after study week 8 with attendance better sustained in the incentive than control group (group by time interaction, p = .035). Overall percent of weekly sessions attended was 82% for incentive versus 64% for control (p = .139). Receiving all scheduled injections were 77% of incentive versus 46% of control participants (p = .107). A significantly larger percentage (74% versus 51%; p = .016) of injections were received by incentive versus control participants on the originally scheduled day. Results suggest that monetary incentives can successfully motivate drug users to attend sessions regularly and to receive injected medications in a more reliable and timely manner than may be seen under usual care procedures. Thus, incentives may be useful for addressing adherence and allowing participants to reap the full benefits of newly developed medications.
Repertoires or Nodes? Constructing meanings in Bible-study groups

This paper grows out of research into the way people in local churches read and interpret the Bible. It considers a particular Bible-study group, paying attention to the kind of talk that occurs there, and the way in which meaning is achieved in the interaction between participants. Initial data extracts are taken to suggest a tension between deference to the authority of the Bible, and an alternative approach, concerned with ‘what the text says to me/us’. This latter approach is inclusive of different viewpoints. This initial analysis gives rise to the hypothesis that there might exist within this Bible-study talk two ‘interpretative repertoires’. In comparison with scientific talk, as considered by Gilbert and Mulkay (1984), these are labelled as ‘canonical’ and ‘contingent’ repertoires. This hypothesis is tested through examination of further data. The paper concludes that the hypothesis does highlight a distinction between more canonical and more contingent talk, and enables an examination of the construction of these ‘repertoires’. However, the term ‘interpretative repertoire’ tends to overemphasis the boundaries round these constructions, and to downplay the lexical and other connections between them. The paper concludes that the term ‘discursive node’ provides for a better characterisation of these patterns of discourse.
Orbital motion and mass flow in the interacting binary Be star HR 2142

The discovery of an unusual, periodic, two-component shell phase of short duration in the 'classical' Be star HR2142 (HD41335, MWC133) offered convincing evidence that this object is a mass-transfer binary system. A model based solely on the phase-dependent behavior of the hydrogen shell lines in this 80(d).860 binary was developed by Peters and Polidan (1973) and by Peters (1976). The present investigation is concerned with a refinement to the earlier model, taking into account the utilization of an orbital solution obtained from measurements of the wings of the broad photospheric features observed in the rapidly rotating primary. Velocities and equivalent widths from the sharp 'shell' lines, presumably formed in or near the gas stream, provide additional information on the mass flow in the Balmer-line-formation region.
Relationship between the timing of cataract surgery and development of nystagmus in patients with bilateral infantile cataracts.

Purpose To study the relationship between timing of surgery as a risk factor for the development of manifest nystagmus in patients with bilateral infantile cataracts and to determine the effect of nystagmus on visual outcomes. Methods The medical records of patients with bilateral infantile cataracts operated on before 12 months of age between January 1991 and December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were stratified into two groups: early (age 8 weeks) surgery. Results A total of 56 patients (29 males) were studied. Early surgery was performed in 26 patients. Of these, 10 (38%) had manifest nystagmus at the most recent follow-up. Of 30 patients who underwent late surgery, 15 (50%) had manifest nystagmus at the most recent follow-up. There was not a statistically significant impact on the timing of cataract surgery and the development of postoperative nystagmus ( P = 0.43). In total, 25 of 56 (45%) patients had postoperative manifest nystagmus; in these patients, there was a statistically significant decrement in final logMAR visual outcomes compared with those patients without postoperative nystagmus (0.26 vs 0.16; P = 0.04); however, preoperative nystagmus did not appear to be a risk factor for a worse visual outcome. Conclusions Manifest nystagmus is a common feature in children with bilateral infantile cataracts, regardless of the timing of surgery. Early surgery as defined in this study does not necessarily prevent its development. Postoperative nystagmus is more common when surgery is performed later but can improve as the child matures.
Surface-mediated formation of PBDD/Fs from the high-temperature oxidation of 2-bromophenol on a CuO/silica surface.

Abstract As a model brominated hydrocarbon that may form brominated dioxins, we studied the surface-mediated, oxidative thermal degradation of 2-bromophenol on a supported copper oxide catalyst in a 1 mm i.d., fused silica flow reactor at a constant concentration of 90 ppm over a temperature range from 250 to 550 °C. Observed products included: dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD), 1-monobromodibenzo-p-dioxin (1-MBDD), dibromodibenzo-p-dioxin (DBDD), tribromodibenzo-p-dioxin (TrBDD), 4-monobromodibenzofuran (4-MBDF), 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 2,4- and 2,6-dibromophenol, and polybrominated benzenes. The results are compared and contrasted with previous work on surface catalyzed oxidative thermal degradation of 2-chlorophenol as well as our own work with the surface-catalyzed pyrolytic thermal degradation of 2-bromophenol. Typically 20 to 200× higher yields of PBDDs are observed for 2-bromophenol than for the analogous PCDDs for 2-chlorophenol. However the anticipated PBDF, 4,6-DBDF, was not observed and 4-MBDF was observed at very low yields. Surprisingly, the maximum yields of PBDDs were observed at higher temperatures than under pyrolytic conditions. This is attributed to regeneration of the catalytic surface due to the presence of oxygen. Higher yields of polybrominated phenols and polybrominated benzenes were also observed than for the analogous chlorinated phenols and benzenes from the oxidation of 2-chlorophenol. This can be attributed to the ease of bromination over chlorination based on the higher abundance of bromine atoms present for 2-bromophenol than chlorine atoms present for 2-chlorophenol.
Politicizing the family: How grassroots organizations mobilize Latinos for political action in Colorado

Many will remember 2006 as a pivotal moment in the history of Latino activism. That year protestors took to the streets to oppose HR 4437, a bill that would have criminalized undocumented immigrants, and to support humane immigration reform. While many assumed the marches happened spontaneously, grassroots organizations played a pivotal role in mobilizing Latinos and immigrants for political action by emphasizing cultural values, especially familism, to convey the significance of the marches and immigration reform more broadly. Using interview data with grassroots organizers in Denver, Colorado, this article shows how and why family-oriented frames were used to mobilize protestors.
Solar Wind Statistics at 1 AU: Alfven Speed and Plasma Beta

The phenomenon of MHD wave refraction is useful in interpreting the properties of the magnetic fluctuations in certain parcels of solar wind. In the physics of MHD wave refraction, variations in the Alfven speed V Alf play a dominant role. Here, we compile statistics of the 1-min averages of V Alf at the location of the ACE spacecraft during its first 5 years of operation. We find that monthly distributions of V Alf are close to log-normal, with standard deviations σ V as small as 0.11 in the logarithm. Variations in the monthly mean V Alf are correlated significantly with sunspot number. We also compile monthly distributions of the plasma β parameter. The distributions of both V Alf and β are significantly narrower than they would be if the various solar wind parameters were statistically independent. In the T p–V Alf plane, we find a zone of avoidance at low V Alf: for V Alf ≤10 – 15 km/s, there are no samples in the 1-min data that are cooler than T p = 10 000 – 15 000 K. This feature can be understood in the context of MHD wave refraction, although other explanations are also possible.
Development and Initial Validation of the Structured Interview for Self-Destructive Behaviors

This article describes the initial validation of the Structured Interview for Self-Destructive Behaviors (SI-SDB), a brief interview assessing suicidality, self-injury, substance abuse, disordered eating, and risky sexual behaviors. Self-destructive behaviors present clinical and practical challenges for mental health treatment providers. Participants were 217 psychiatric inpatients with a wide variety of diagnoses who completed the SI-SDB and other measures of psychiatric symptoms, trauma exposure, and other childhood experiences. Internal validity analyses revealed an internally consistent measure with 2 major factors. External validity analyses indicated that the Substance Abuse and Disordered Eating scales were predictive of related psychiatric diagnoses. All scales except Substance Abuse were significantly correlated with psychiatric symptoms and childhood abuse. These findings indicate that the SI-SDB is a valid means of assessing 5 significant domains of dangerous behaviors in clinical and research settings. Further research on the reliability of reports over time, interrater consistency, and convergent validity with longer measures of the SI-SDB domains is needed.
Semiochemically Based Monitoring of the Invasion of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug and Unexpected Attraction of the Native Green Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Maryland

ABSTRACT The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Pentatomidae), is a newly invasive species in the eastern U. S. that is rapidly expanding its range from the original point of establishment in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Although an attractant pheromone has yet to be identified for H. halys, in its native Asian range the insect is cross-attracted to the pheromone of another pentatomid Plautia stali Scott whose males produce methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate. Previous tests of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate isomers in the U. S. verified that H. halys is highly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, and that the native green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), also is attracted to this compound. Using traps baited with methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates and the reported pheromone of A. hilare (trans- and cis(Z)-α-bisabolene epoxides), we monitored populations of the brown marmorated and green stink bugs at the Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, for the 2004–2008 growing seas...