cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Recovery from Non-Response Extinction

Although several studies have demonstrated the latent extinction effect, only two have investigated the influence of the duration of the interval between placement into the goal box and the start of regular extinction trials, i.e., the placement-test interval (PTI), throughout a sizable portion of the range of this variable. These two studies resulted in contradictory conclusions. Deese (1951) obtained no evidence for the presence of spontaneous recovery from pre-extinction exposures when he compared PTIs of 60 sec. and 24 hr. On the other hand, Robinson and Capaldi ( 1958) obtained significant spontaneous recovery when comparing PTIs of 15 sec. and 24 hr. They used speed of running in a straight runway as the response measure and suggested that "Deese's negative results could have been due to the use of the relatively insensitive dependent variable of percent correct choices." Since the present writer had already collected data utilizing PTIs of 60 sec. and 60 min. (Dyal, 1961b), it was felt that, if the same experimental procedures were carried out with additional groups using a Pn of 23 hr., inferences regarding spontaneous recovery could be made by comparing data from the two experiments. Further, since the Y maze was eq-ipped to measure speed, it would be possible to compare the sensitiviry of the two dependent variables. METHOD Ss were 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats between 100 and 125 days old at the start of the experiment. They had previously been used in a bar-pressing experiment but were assigned to the present experimental conditions so as to counterbalance previous experimental training conditions. The appararus was a Y maze which is described in derail in previous report (Dyal, 1961a). The pre-training and training procedures were made identical to those of the previous experiment (Dyal, 1961b) in order to facilitate comparison of the results of the rwo studies.
Elastic waves in a transitional solid with arbitrarily small rigidity

Summary The system of ODE that governs elastic-wave propagation in plane stratified media becomes singular as the elastic rigidity approaches zero. Two approximate methods are presented to address the problem. First, for P–SV waves, one can impose the condition that the displacement is curl-free in the transitional solid. This condition suppresses shear waves. Second, one can represent a thin transitional solid as a massive elastic interface (MEI). The MEI boundary conditions do not become singular as the MEI rigidity approaches zero.
Calculating contraceptive decisions while intoxicated

Abstract Background Experimental research in laboratory conditions indicates that intoxication makes unprotected sex more favorable to subjects, while event-level research indicates little causal effect of intoxication on condom use. Little work has addressed the effect of intoxication on hormonal contraceptive use. Study Design This study analyzes in-depth interviews with 30 men and 30 women between the ages of 18 and 30 years on the East Coast of the United States about their contraceptive decisions and use. Results Respondents believed that frequent intoxication discouraged condom use and consistent contraceptive pill-taking. Their accounts suggested that intoxication discouraged calculated contraceptive decision-making, and consequently, they mostly reverted to their standard contraceptive habits. People who were consistent contraceptors sober were usually consistent contraceptors while intoxicated, and people who were inconsistent contraceptors sober were usually inconsistent contraceptors while intoxicated. This pattern applied to both condom use and hormonal contraceptive use.
Oriented visibility graphs: low-complexity planning in real-time environments

We show how the introduction of a fixed goal location allows us to lower complexity compared to reduced visibility graphs. The number of inter-polygonal edges is decreased from as much as square to not more than simply twice the number of polygons. By virtue of this restriction, we demonstrate how to deploy plan-based navigation strategies in highly unstructured, dynamic environments. This approach has been exercised extensively through numerous outdoor experiments. The vehicle used was the DARPA LAGR robot, and the various test environments included trees, ditches, bushes, tall and short grass, closed canopy, and varyingly-sloped terrain
Assessment of partial‐mouth periodontal examination protocols for periodontitis surveillance

Objective To evaluate bias associated with nine identified partial-mouth periodontal examination (PMPE) protocols in estimating periodontitis prevalence using the periodontitis case definition given by the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP). Material and methods Prevalence from full-mouth examination was determined in a sample of 3667 adults ≥30 years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010. Prevalence, absolute bias, relative bias, sensitivity and inflation factor were derived for these protocols according to the CDC/AAP definition and half-reduced CDC/AAP definition as ≤50% of sites were measured. Results Bias in moderate and severe periodontitis prevalence ranged between 11.1-52.5% and 27.1-76.3% for full-mouth mesiobuccal-distolingual protocol and half-mouth mesiobuccal protocol respectively; according to the CDC/AAP definition. With half-reduced CDC/AAP definition, half-mouth four sites protocol provided small absolute bias (3.2%) and relative bias (9.3%) for the estimates of moderate periodontitis prevalence; corresponding biases for severe periodontitis were -1.2% and -10.2%. Conclusion Periodontitis prevalence can be estimated with limited bias when a half-mouth four sites protocol and a half-reduced CDC/AAP case definition are used in combination.
Effects of Lean Construction on Sustainability of Modular Homebuilding

Constructionactivitiesandthebuiltenvironmenthaveanenormouseffectontheenvironment,humanhealth,andtheoveralleconomy. Sustainable homebuilding in all three dimensions of economic, environmental, and social effects is attainable through practical innovations and technologies.However,thegreatestbarriertothewidespreadapplicationofsustainablehomebuildingisthehigherinitialcostslargelyattributable to the learning curve of workers building with these practical innovations and technologies, and the added cost resulting from ill-defined con- structionprocesses.Toaddressthesechallengesandreachtheidealofsustainableconstruction,thispaperproposestheuseofleanconstructionas a viable and effective strategy, in particular the lean tool kaizen. This paper uses several case studies to showcase the effect of lean on the triple bottomlineofsustainabilityinmodularhomebuilding.Eachcasestudyhighlightsonedimensionofsustainability.Leanconstructionresultedina significant environmental effect by reducing material waste by 64%, a significant social effect by reducing or eliminating key safety hazards of excessive force, poorposture, andstruck-by, and a significant economiceffect byreducing productionhours by31%.Findings from this research willcontributetoabetterunderstandingoftheeffectofleanonhomebuilding sustainabilityand willpromotelean and safebuilding techniquesin modular homebuilding. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000054. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Sustainable development; Construction industry; Residential buildings; Lean construction. Author keywords: Modular homebuilding; Sustainability; Offsite construction; Lean construction.
The equatorial and polar limb-darkening of Venus in the 8-20 micron region

The spectral dependence of limb-darkening of Venus in the 8-20-micron region has been measured for both the equatorial and polar directions. It is shown that the magnitude and spectral variation of the polar darkening are, in general, greater than the equatorial darkening. The equatorial darkening, in fact, appears to be nearly spectrally invariant in this wavelength region, at least for the portion of the disk covered by the observations. The magnitude of the equatorial darkening is consistent with a temperature lapse rate of roughly 3 K/km, assuming a model in which aerosol is distributed exponentially and mixed homogeneously with atmospheric gas.
Season of Birth of Students Receiving Special Education Services Under a Diagnosis of Emotional and Behavioral Disorder

For several decades, evidence has been accumulating that pathologies of thecentral nervous system occur more frequency for persons born betweenJanuary and June than during the remainder of the year. The strongestÞndings are for schizophrenia, but associations have been reported for arange of mental illnesses. The purpose of the current study was to extend thisresearch to children receiving special education services for behavioral andemotional disorder. A sample in excess of 8,000 was studied from northernGeorgia. The results strongly indicate that fewer than expected numbers ofstudents are diagnosed as having a behavioral and emotional disorder if theyare born during the fall months, and a greater than expected number areborn during the late spring and summer. These Þndings could be the resultof prenatal insults or could be related to relative age-in-grade. The implica-tions of these interpretations for school psychology are discussed.
Communal property rights and land redistributions in Late Tsarist Russia

Communal property rights have long symbolized the apparent backwardness of rural Russian society in the late nineteenth century. Drawing on newly compiled data and qualitative sources, this article summarizes the institutions and practices of rural property rights in late Imperial Russia and shows that there was substantially more heterogeneity in what constituted peasant property rights than is commonly assumed. Archival and documentary accounts suggest that the emblematic practice of repartitioning communal land occurred relatively infrequently and, when undertaken, was generally managed in low-cost ways. Econometric evidence from Moscow province implies that repartitions were driven more by concerns over the distribution of associated tax burdens than the desire to reallocate productive assets. Along with an analysis of cross-sectional data on property rights and grain yields from European Russia, these findings suggest a weaker causal link between communal land practices and agricultural productivity than is typically asserted.
Regression of cardiac hypertrophy by cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase signaling are myocytes active sources or mere beneficiaries?

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in response to elevated systemic pressure forms an adaptive mechanism that allows the heart to maintain cardiac output in the face of external stress. However, because hypertrophy is associated with complex electrophysiological, structural, molecular, mechanical,
Characteristics and Patterns of Metastatic Disease from Chordoma

Chordoma is a rare, slow-growing malignant tumor arising from notochordal remnants. A retrospective review of patient records at two major referral centers was undertaken to assess the incidence, location, and prognostic factors of metastatic disease from chordoma. 219 patients with chordoma (1962-2009) were identified. 39 patients (17.8%) developed metastatic disease, most frequently to lung (>50%). Median survival from the time of initial diagnosis was 130.4 months for patients who developed metastatic disease and 159.3 months for those who did not (P = 0.05). Metastatic disease was most common in the youngest patients (P = 0.07), and it was 2.5 times more frequent among patients with local recurrence (26.3%) than in those without (10.8%) (P = 0.003). Patient survival with metastatic disease was highly variable, and it was dependent on both the location of the tumor primary and the site of metastasis. Metastasis to distal bone was the most rapid to develop and had the worst prognosis.
A Secure Wireless Spectrum Control, Error Correction Scheme in Synchrophasors

There is an immediate need to find solution on spectrum crunch for communication framework and how to defend against cyber-attacks while sustaining energy delivery function specifically carried by Phasor Measurement Units PMUs and Phasor Data concentrators PDC [Phadke, 2008]. The paper uses the concept of exploiting antenna directivity by assigning the same frequency to all three directions, and thus co-channel isolation will be increased, and eventually reducing the interference and increasing the channel capacity. The paper also discuss the error correction control, and security challenges that are required in existing TCP/IP networks for PMU and PDC devices.
Comparative State/Local Taxes in Fiscal 2002

The author analyzes Washington's tax burden ranking. Looking at tax burdens based on state personal income, Washington ranks 32nd in the nation. It is close to the lowest tax burden for that state since the 1960s.
Site-Specifically Labeled Immunoconjugates for Molecular Imaging—Part 1: Cysteine Residues and Glycans

Due to their remarkable selectivity and specificity for cancer biomarkers, immunoconjugates have emerged as extremely promising vectors for the delivery of diagnostic radioisotopes and fluorophores to malignant tissues. Paradoxically, however, these tools for precision medicine are synthesized in a remarkably imprecise way. Indeed, the vast majority of immunoconjugates are created via the random conjugation of bifunctional probes (e.g., DOTA-NCS) to amino acids within the antibody (e.g., lysines). Yet antibodies have multiple copies of these residues throughout their macromolecular structure, making control over the location of the conjugation reaction impossible. This lack of site specificity can lead to the formation of poorly defined, heterogeneous immunoconjugates with suboptimal in vivo behavior. Over the past decade, interest in the synthesis and development of site-specifically labeled immunoconjugates—both antibody-drug conjugates as well as constructs for in vivo imaging—has increased dramatically, and a number of reports have suggested that these better defined, more homogeneous constructs exhibit improved performance in vivo compared to their randomly modified cousins. In this two-part review, we seek to provide an overview of the various methods that have been developed to create site-specifically modified immunoconjugates for positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, and fluorescence imaging. We will begin with an introduction to the structure of antibodies and antibody fragments. This is followed by the core of the work: sections detailing the four different approaches to site-specific modification strategies based on cysteine residues, glycans, peptide tags, and unnatural amino acids. These discussions will be divided into two installments: cysteine residues and glycans will be detailed in Part 1 of the review, while peptide tags and unnatural amino acids will be addressed in Part 2. Ultimately, we sincerely hope that this review fosters interest and enthusiasm for site-specific immunoconjugates within the nuclear medicine and molecular imaging communities.
Monoamine oxidase activity in larvae of the European corn borer.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was determined in homogenates of larvae and pupae of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), and the tobacco bud worm, Heliothis virescens (F.), by using 214C-tryptamine as a substrate. Optimum activity was produced by addition of dithiotbreitol to the homogenizing medium and by removing the oxygen from this solution with nitrogen before homogenization. More than 80% of the activity was found in the supernatant fraction of the homogenate resulting from centrifugation at 105,000-g equivalents. Activity was inhibited by addition of s -triazines and by some known MAO inhibitors. Homogenates prepared at different times of day had different levels or activity.
Calcium permeability in the hereditary stomatocytosis syndrome

The syndrome of hereditary stomatocytosis includes a spectrum of mutations ranging from an overhydrated variety with typical stomatocytes and high red cell (Na + K) to a dehydrated variety with target cells and low red cell (Na + K). Haemolysis is usually mild but can be severe at the extremes of over- or under-hydration. Fluxes of Na and K are raised between 3 and 25 fold normal. In this study the specificity of the cation leak has been tested towards the divalent Ca2+ cation by 2 types of experiments. First the influx of Ca2+ was measured in erythrocytes depleted of ATP by preincubation for 90 min with inosine plus iodoacetate. This procedure inhibits the Ca pump and allows measurable uptake of Ca2+-ions when red cells are incubated in media containing 1.5 mM Ca2+. Calcium uptake into overhydrated stomatocytes was 12 nmol/ml cells/4 h and for dehydrated stomatocytes 20-50 nmol/ml cells/4 h. Control cells with comparable reticulocytosis (6-10%) allowed a Ca uptake of 20-30 nmol/ml cells/4 h while normal red cells took up 6 nmol/ml cells/4 h. The low Ca permeability of overhydrated stomatocytes was confirmed in a second type of experiment which involved measurement of K. efflux from fresh, ATP-rich cells incubated in media of varying Ca concentrations. Raising the extracellular Ca2+ from 10 to 110 mM stimulated K efflux by 3-fold in normal cells and 5.5-fold in dehydrated stomatocytes. This effect is due to internal Ca stimulating a passive K+ channel and has been termed the Gardos effect. Unexpectedly K+ efflux from overhydrated stomatocytes was unaffected by extracellular Ca concentration. However, the Ca ionophore (A23187) induced a marked efflux of K+ from overhydrated cells equal to that from normals or dehydrated stomatocytes. Thus overhydrated stomatocytes do possess a Ca-stimulated K+ channel but these cells seem impermeable to extracellular Ca ions. We conclude that overhydrated stomatocytes have a Ca permeability below that of control red cells despite Na and K fluxes which are 25-fold normal. This lack of correlation between Ca and Na permeabilities suggests that Ca enters red cells by a different pathway to the Teak’ for monovalent cations.
Outcomes of ring versus suture annuloplasty for tricuspid valve repair in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery.

Abstract Objective There is controversy regarding the comparative effectiveness of methods of tricuspid valve (TV) repair—prosthetic ring versus suture annuloplasty—in patients undergoing operation for primary mitral valve (MV) disease. In this study, we analyzed factors associated with patient survival and recurrent tricuspid regurgitation (TR) following TV repair and focused on results stratified by method of tricuspid valve repair. Methods We reviewed patients who underwent TV repair with suture (De Vega) or flexible ring annuloplasties at the time of MV surgery from 1995 to 2010. Patients with prior cardiac or concomitant aortic valve operations were excluded. Propensity matching was performed to account for potential differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. Primary outcomes were long-term mortality and postoperative TR grade. Results In the overall study, there were 415 patients with median age 72 years (range, 63-78 years), from which 148 matched pairs were identified by propensity score analysis. In the overall cohort, patients in the ring annuloplasty group more often had preoperative transvenous pacemakers ( P = .05), lower ejection fractions ( P = .028), and more recent years of operation ( P P = .807). Etiology of mitral regurgitation was not associated with recurrent TR during follow-up ( P = .857). Conclusions Late survival and TV durability following concomitant TV repair during MV surgery did not differ with respect to TV repair technique. In this series of patients with repaired tricuspid valves, etiology of MV disease did not influence postoperative changes in TR.
An Empirical Analysis of Wetland Restoration Compensation Standards Based on Farmers' WTA: Survey Data from 1009 Farmers in Poyang Lake

How to determine reasonable compensation standard is the key to the government to develop the wetland compensation policy. This paper uses 1009 copies of farmers' questionnaires from Poyang Lake,Hicks equivalent variation model and the welfare measurement method to determine the meet of the farmers' WTA subsidy standards. The result show s that the effective subsidy standard to encourage farmers to participate actively in wetland restoration is 1072 RM B. In addition,Logistic model is used to empirically analyze the influencing factors of farmers' participation in wetland restoration,and the results show s that agricultural training,risk attitudes,social capital,farmer type,household income level,farmers' rights and interests protection,acceptable level of compensation,farmers' attitudes to wetland protection and their aw areness of wetland functions have major impacts on farmers' participation in wetland restoration.
Highly Dynamic Anion–Quadrupole Networks in Proteins

The dynamics of anion–quadrupole (or anion−π) interactions formed between negatively charged (Asp/Glu) and aromatic (Phe) side chains are for the first time computationally characterized in RmlC (Protein Data Bank entry 1EP0), a homodimeric epimerase. Empirical force field-based molecular dynamics simulations predict anion–quadrupole pairs and triplets (anion–anion−π and anion−π–π) are formed by the protein during the simulated trajectory, which suggests that the anion–quadrupole interactions may provide a significant contribution to the overall stability of the protein, with an average of −1.6 kcal/mol per pair. Some anion−π interactions are predicted to form during the trajectory, extending the number of anion–quadrupole interactions beyond those predicted from crystal structure analysis. At the same time, some anion−π pairs observed in the crystal structure exhibit marginal stability. Overall, most anion−π interactions alternate between an “on” state, with significantly stabilizing energies, and an “of...
A PET system dedicated to breast cancer imaging

We are developing a PET system dedicated to breast cancer imaging based on a pseudo-pinhole PET geometry. The system consists of a small half-ring of high resolution detectors and a large half-ring of medium resolution detectors. Coincidence detection profile between a small LSO crystal and a large LSO crystal reveals that the image resolution of the system is primarily determined by the intrinsic spatial resolution of the small detector, and slightly affected by the resolution of the large detector. Monte Carlo simulation of the system was performed using a modified SimSET package. The system consists of a small half ring (r=153 mm) and a large half ring (R=413 mm) of LSO detectors. The dimension of the crystal is 1.6/spl times/1.6/spl times/20 mm/sup 3/ for the small half-ring and 4.3/spl times/4.3/spl times/25 mm/sup 3/ for the large half-ring. The detectors in the small half ring are modeled as 2- or 4-layer detectors with DOI capability. 1 mm point source was simulated to measure the image resolution of the system at 0, 2, 6, and 10 cm offset along +X, +Y and -Y directions in the system. Results show an image resolution of 1.7-2.5 mm FWHM for breast tissues and 1.8-3.1 mm FWHM for tissues near the chest wall, including internal and axillary lymph nodes. Sensitivity of the system is from 5.4 to 7.8% and can be significantly increased if two planar detectors are attached to the system along the axial direction.
Endoscope-Assisted Microsurgical Subtemporal Keyhole Approach to the Posterolateral Suprasellar Region and Basal Cisterns

Background Refinements in optics and instrumentation have enabled surgeons to approach deep-seated intracranial diseases with reduced exposure and brain retraction. The anterior subtemporal keyhole approach is a minimally invasive route to the posterolateral aspect of the suprasellar area and petroclival region. Objective In this cadaveric study, we show the benefits of endoscope-assisted microsurgical techniques in the anterior subtemporal keyhole approach. Methods The anterior subtemporal keyhole approach was performed bilaterally on 5 formalin-fixed human specimens using standard microneurosurgical methods. Dissections compared the exposure afforded by the microsurgical route with the endoscope-assisted technique, using 0° and 30° angled rod-lenses. Anatomic relationships among the surgical target and the surrounding neurovascular structures were described. Results Endoscope-assisted maneuvers enhanced the operative view afforded by the microscope and helped to minimize parenchymal retraction and neurovascular injury. Endoscope-assisted microsurgery provides a panoramic picture of the surgical target and its surroundings. It enables the operator to see into hidden corners beyond the microsurgical view. The endoscope provides enhanced visualization of the neurovascular structures located in the posterolateral suprasellar region, basal cisterns, upper clivus and midclivus, and interpeduncular region. Conclusions Endoscope-assisted microsurgery provides a means to approach selected lesions located in the posterolateral suprasellar region, perimesencephalic cisterns, and upper clivus and midclivus. The operative view can be maximized by introducing the 0° and 30° angled endoscopes. Minimally invasive techniques help to optimize surgical exposure and lessen parenchymal retraction, thus improving control of the surrounding neurovascular structures.
Microstructure of Precipitated Au Nanoclusters in TiO2

Gold nanoclusters dispersed in single crystal TiO2 (110) have been formed by 2MeV Au2+ implantation to an ion fluence of 1×1017 cm-2 at 300 K and 975 K followed by annealing at 1275 K for 10 hours. The morphological features, size and crystallographic orientation of the Au nanoclusters with respect to the TiO2 matrix have been investigated using conventional transmission electron microscopy and electron diffractions. In particular, the interface structure between the Au nanoclusters and TiO2 was investigated. Atomic structural model of interface between Au and TiO2 was established based on high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging and HRTEM image simulations. Two types of orientation relationship can be identified, Au //TiO2[001] and Au{111}//TiO2(200), and Au //TiO2[001] and Au{111}//TiO2(110). Au clusters are faceted along Au{112}and Au{111} or Au{220} and Au{002} planes. The precipitated Au clusters show extensive (111) twins. These orientation relationships are the same for Au clusters grown on TiO2(110) surface, indicating that lowering interfacial energy to be a governing factor for setting the orientation relationship.
The psychology of stress: run silent, run deep.

Many experts define stress as the body’s response to any demand (stressor) placed upon it. Still, many individuals are unsure whether stress means stressful events themselves or reactions to stressful events. It seems as if stress, in addition to being itself and the result of itself, is also the cause of itself.
38 What do undergraduates want in campus sexual assault prevention programming? findings from a formative research study

Statement of purpose Campus sexual assault is a significant public health issue, given its alarming prevalence and association with adverse physical, psychological, and economic outcomes. While many school-based sexual assault prevention intervention programs currently exist, few have strong empirical support in college settings. Consequently, there is a pressing need for formative research with undergraduate students to shape the development of relevant and effective, multi-pronged approaches for preventing sexual assault on college campuses. Methods Full-time undergraduate sophomores at the University of Michigan were recruited via two registrar emails and campus flyers to participate in audio-recorded, semi-structured, one-on-one interviews (n=19) in June-November 2016. Participants were asked to provide feedback about desirable characteristics of sexual assault prevention programming, including intervention content, program format, and delivery mechanism. Interview audio files were transcribed and codes were generated using thematic analysis. Two trained Research Assistants (RAs) independently coded each theme using NVivo 11. Inter-coder reliability was assessed and coding discrepancies were resolved by a third coder. Results Participant demographics (52.6% male, 57.96% White/Not Hispanic) resemble campus enrollment statistics. Further, 68.4% of participants reported lifetime sexual activity, and 42.1% were Greek Life-affiliated. Preliminary findings suggest that peer-based programming administered in-person to individuals or small, mixed-gender groups of unfamiliar students is more acceptable to undergraduates than other intervention formats (e.g., delivered in classes). Participants emphasised the importance of a forum where students can talk openly and seriously about sexual assault. Peer survivor testimonies and skits were mentioned as potentially effective ways to deliver content. Conclusions/Significance As part of their sexual assault prevention education, college students welcome opportunities for discussions led by relatable peers who understand the dynamics of campus life. Our findings warrant future studies examining the effectiveness of campus-based, discussion-oriented sexual assault prevention intervention programs.
They also serve

The Joy of Insight: Passions of a Physicist. By Victor Weisskopf. Basic Books: 1991. Pp.336. $24.95.
Dissociation in Children and Adolescents: A Developmental Perspective

Introduction. The Nature and Effects of Childhood Trauma and Maltreatment. Influential Factors and Common Themes in Maltreatment Outcomes. Introduction to Dissociation. Pathological Dissociation. Trauma, Dissociation, and Memory. Toward a Model of Pathological Dissociation. The "Discrete Behavioral States" Model. The Developmental Basis of Dissociation. Altered States in Everyday Life. Dissociative Presentations: Clinical Vignettes. Clinical Phenomenology and Diagnosis. Philosophy and Principles of Treatment. Individual Therapy. Dissociative Families and Out-of-Home Placements. Psychopharmacology.
Cellular parameters of the IgA response.

Peyer’s patches (PP) and bronchial lymphoid follicles of a number of mammals have been shown to be reservoirs of B-lymphocytes with a special potential to generate IgA plasma cells (1–4). These observations led us to postulate that PP cells may encounter antigen in situ and be clonally expanded (4, 5). Following cell division some progeny may become motile and emigrate via the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and thoracic duct, lymph (TDL) into the circulation. Dependent upon cellular and humoral interactions enroute these cells may divide and differentiate to varying extents. For instance, cells may mature enroute to plasmablasts with cytoplasmic IgA followed by selective lodging in secretory tissue, respiratory mucosa or gastrointestinal mucosa. Alternatively, IgA precursors may lodge in mucosal tissue relatively soon after departing the PP, divide there further, and give rise to some progeny which express cytoplasmic IgA. Support for this scheme requires knowledge of the antigen-sensitivity of PP cells, their potential to generate IgA producing progeny, the cellular and humoral factors which control their differentiation and expression of products, and their ability to selectively populate distant mucosae. We have approached these matters using variations of the adoptive transfer system. Either the transferred cells were left in their host to manifest their potential or the recipients’ spleens were removed shortly after transfer, when they had collected a sample of the transferred cells, and used for clonal analysis of the potential of these cells.
Pathology of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of Salivary Glands

Tumors of the salivary gland represent relatively rare neoplasms. Still, in spite of their scarcity, they demonstrate a wide spectrum of disease across both benign and malignant lesions. The purpose of this review is to provide a practical overview of the pathology of the more common salivary gland neoplasms, covering the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular profiles with an emphasis on unique diagnostic challenges and prognostic indicators.
FireAnt: A Modular Robot with Full-Body Continuous Docks

Nature offers many examples of organisms coming together to form self-assembling structures. The attachment methods these organisms employ allow them to grab onto others' bodies, often without need for specific alignment or orientation, an ability absent from most existing robotic self-assembling structures, which require complicated sensing and specific alignment. This paper presents FireAnt, a modular 2D robot that demonstrates full-body continuous docks, an attachment mechanism able to attach anywhere onto other robots at any orientation, eliminating the need for alignment mechanisms and complex sensors. Such docks allow FireAnt to climb over copies of itself, something critical to self-assembling structures. This paper first discusses the design of FireAnt before presenting test results that show the strength and reliability of the continuous docks and demonstrate FireAnt's ability to traverse an environment consisting of inert FireAnt robots. The work presented in this paper provides a docking mechanism that can minimize the mechanical complexity of modular robots and will allow the creation of swarms of rigid and adaptable self-assembling structures.
Multicamera 3D Reconstruction of Dynamic Surgical Cavities: Camera Grouping and Pair Sequencing

Dynamic 3D reconstruction of surgical cavities is essential in a wide range of computer-assisted surgical intervention applications, including but not limited to surgical guidance, pre-operative image registration and vision-based force estimation. According to a survey on vision based 3D reconstruction for abdominal minimally invasive surgery (MIS) [1], real-time 3D reconstruction and tissue deformation recovery remain open challenges to researchers. The main challenges include specular reflections from the wet tissue surface and the highly dynamic nature of abdominal surgical scenes. This work aims to overcome these obstacles by using multiple viewpoint and independently moving RGB cameras to generate an accurate measurement of tissue deformation at the volume of interest (VOI), and proposes a novel efficient camera pairing algorithm. Experimental results validate the proposed camera grouping and pair sequencing, and were evaluated with the Raven-II [2] surgical robot system for tool navigation, the Medtronic Stealth Station s7 surgical navigation system for real-time camera pose monitoring, and the Space Spider white light scanner to derive the ground truth 3D model.
“ALPHABET SOUP”: Examining Acronym and Abbreviation Style in Headlines

Through a content analysis and survey, this project explores the prevalence and clarity of acronyms in news headlines. Acronyms popular in a local newspaper were largely unknown to a sample of targ...
Sulfur Contamination in the Everglades, a Major Control on Mercury Methylation

In this chapter sulfur contamination of the Everglades and its role as a major control on methylmercury (MeHg) production is examined. Sulfate concentrations over large portions of the Everglades (60% of the ecosystem) are elevated or greatly elevated compared to background conditions of <1 mg/L. Land and water management practices in south Florida are the primary reason for the high levels of sulfate loading to the Everglades. Marshes in the northern Everglades that are highly enriched in sulfate have average concentrations of 60 mg/L, but water in canals in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) contain the highest concentrations of sulfate averaging 60–70 mg/L. Studies that examined the mass balance of sulfur to the Everglades have determined that the primary sources of sulfate include: sulfur currently used in agriculture, and natural and legacy agricultural sulfur released by oxidation of organic soil within the EAA. The extensive loading of sulfate to the ecosystem increases microbial sulfate reduction, the dominant microbial process driving mercury methylation and MeHg production. The biogeochemical processes linking sulfate loading and MeHg production, however, are complex. MeHg production increases as sulfate levels rise from levels <1 mg/L up to about 20 mg/L. However, production of sulfide (a byproduct of microbial sulfate reduction) starts to inhibit MeHg production above 20 mg/L. Sulfate loading to canals in the EAA has impacted the northern Everglades the most, but the Everglades canal system can transport sulfate as far as Everglades National Park (ENP), 80 km further south. Plans to deliver more water to ENP as part of restoration may increase overall sulfate loads to the southern Everglades.
Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm After Transsphenoidal Tumor Resection: Two Case Reports and Systematic Literature Review.

Cerebral vasospasm is a rare life-threatening complication of transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). We report our experience with two cases of symptomatic vasospasm after endoscopic TSS, alongside a systematic review of published cases. Two patients who underwent endoscopic TSS for resection of a tuberculum sella meningioma (case 1) and pituitary adenoma (case 2) developed symptomatic vasospasm. Clinical variables, including demographics, histopathology, the extent of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), diabetes insipidus (DI), day of vasospasm, vasospasm symptoms, vessels involved, management, and clinical outcome, were retrospectively extracted. We subsequently reviewed published cases of symptomatic post-TSS vasospasm. Including our two cases, we identified 34 reported cases of TSS complicated by symptomatic vasospasm. Female patients accounted for 20 (58.8%) of 34 cases. The average age was 48.1 ± 12.9 years. The majority of patients exhibited postoperative SAH (70.6%). The average delay to vasospasm presentation was 8.5 ± 3.6 days. The majority of patients exhibited vasospasm in multiple vessels, typically involving the anterior circulation. Hemodynamic augmentation with hemodilution, hypertension, and hypervolemia was the most common treatment. Death occurred in six (17.6%) of 34 patients. Common deficits included residual extremity weakness (17.6%), pituitary insufficiency (8.8%), and cognitive deficits (8.8%). Symptomatic vasospasm is a rare, potentially fatal complication of TSS. The most consistent risk factor is SAH. Early diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion when confronted with intractable DI, acute mental status change, or focal deficits in the days after TSS. Morbidity and death are significant risks in patients with this complication.
High pressure jet spray drying of condensed skim milk results in powders with enhanced interfacial properties

Abstract Condensed skim milk was processed through a continuous, custom-made high pressure jet spray dryer system (HPJ-SD) at 100–500 MPa. The resulting skim milk powders (SMPs) were evaluated for physiochemical and structural properties. The 500 MPa SMP exhibited increased particle density (1.48 g/cm3) compared to the ≤300 MPa SMP (1.33 g/cm3), but particle size analysis reflected no significant differences between these samples with D[4,3] values of 10.8 μ (100 SMP) and 12.2 μ (500 SMP). The 500 MPa SMP also had a reduced solubility and increased protein surface coverage compared to the 100 MPa SMP. The viscosity of the reconstituted HPJ-SD SMPs (9% w/w) increased from 2.3 mPa s (100 MPa) to 6.0 mPa s (500 MPa). The foam stability of the 500 MPa reconstituted SMP was exceptional with a foam head that remained stationary for 8 h (FVSI of 100%), while the foam in the 100 MPa reconstituted SMP diminished almost entirely in 2 h (FVSI of 21.3%). Evaluation of emulsification ability for reconstituted SMPs (1:9 oil in 2% diluted reconstitute w/w) revealed a 1.6-fold reduction in destabilization rate for the 500 MPa SMP compared to the 100 MPa SMP. HPJ-SD powders have physiochemical properties that can be utilized in a variety of clean label applications including ice cream or specialty beverages (e.g., cappuccino coffee).
The Effect of Enron, Andersen, and Sarbanes-Oxley on the Market for Audit Services

In this paper we examine the effect of Enron, Andersen, and Sarbanes-Oxley on the fees paid by clients for their audits, and on the movement of clients from one auditor to another. As a percentage of total assets the average audit fee increased from 0.092 percent in 2000, the year before the Enron scandal broke, to 0.157 percent in 2002, the year Sarbanes-Oxley was passed. We document that not only did audit fees increase in 2002, but so did the premium charged by the Big 4 audit firms. We also find that bigger and riskier clients had larger increases in their audit fees. We attribute the former to decreased competition in the market for audits of multinational corporations and the latter to increases in the premium charged to riskier clients in the new environment. We also find evidence consistent with a competitive market for former Andersen clients. That is, former Andersen clients actually pay lower audit fees in 2002 than continuing clients of the Big 4 audit firms. Finally, we also find the frequency of voluntary switches within the Big 4 the lowest in 19 years, a finding we attribute to increased sensitivity to risk on the part of auditors.
Learning about ocean currents one track at a time

Oceans play an important role in weather and climate through transfers of heat and moisture to the atmosphere, and by moving heat and climate-relevant molecules like carbon dioxide around the globe...
Iron-sulfur cluster deficiency can be sensed by IRP2 and regulates iron homeostasis and sensitivity to ferroptosis independent of IRP1 and FBXL5.

Intracellular iron levels are strictly regulated to support homeostasis and avoid iron-mediated ROS production. Loss of iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) synthesis can increase iron loading and promote cell death by ferroptosis. Iron-responsive element-binding proteins IRP1 and IRP2 posttranscriptionally regulate iron homeostasis. IRP1 binding to target mRNAs is competitively regulated by ISC occupancy. However, IRP2 is principally thought to be regulated at the protein level via E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXL5–mediated degradation. Here, we show that ISC synthesis suppression can activate IRP2 and promote ferroptosis sensitivity via a previously unidentified mechanism. At tissue-level O2 concentrations, ISC deficiency enhances IRP2 binding to target mRNAs independent of IRP1, FBXL5, and changes in IRP2 protein level. Deletion of both IRP1 and IRP2 abolishes the iron-starvation response, preventing its activation by ISC synthesis inhibition. These findings will inform strategies to manipulate ferroptosis sensitivity and help illuminate the mechanism underlying ISC biosynthesis disorders, such as Friedreich’s ataxia.
Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization into an M2-Like Phenotype using a Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Leukemia Cell Line

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can switch their expression and cytokine profile according to external stimuli. This remarkable plasticity enables TAM to adapt to ongoing changes within the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages can have either primarily pro-inflammatory (M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) attributes and can continually switch between these two main states. M2-like macrophages within the tumor environment are associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis in several types of cancer. Many different methods for inducing differentiation and polarization of THP-1 cells are used to investigate cellular and intercellular mechanisms and the effects of TAM within the microenvironment of tumors. Currently, there is no established model for M2-like macrophage polarization using the THP-1 cell line, and the results of expression and cytokine profiles of macrophages due to certain in vitro stimuli vary between studies. This protocol serves as detailed guidance to differentiate THP-1 monocyte-like cells into M0 macrophages and to further polarize cells into an M2-like phenotype within 14 days. We demonstrate the morphological changes of THP-1 monocyte-like cells, differentiated macrophages, and polarized M2-like macrophages using light microscopy. This model is the basis for cell line models investigating the anti-inflammatory effects of TAM and their interactions with other cell populations of the tumor microenvironment.
Decolonizing the University with DarkMatter’s Healing of/in Failure

Within the context of the neoliberal university, this chapter examines trans nonbinary South Asian American spoken word (former) duo DarkMatter’s trans/gressive pedagogical performance and its relationship to healing. As trans people of color invited into the neoliberal institution, their presence is an act of resistance and a demand for decolonizing the university. They utilize a radical pedagogy and spoken word to both educate the students and “recruit” them as disruptors and decolonizers. The possibilities of such a performance are healing—if we understand healing as a community-based process which entails truth-telling and opening space for liberating change while finding ways to care for oneself, each other, and our respective traumas. This type of healing is decolonizing and can also be the result of decolonial labor.
Refractory Yet Transient Neonatal Hypocalcemia Due to Hitherto Undiagnosed Asymptomatic Maternal Hyperparathyroidism: A Case Report

Hypocalcemia is one of the common causes of neonatal seizures and can result in significant morbidity. Among the multitude of etiologies, hypoparathyroidism as a consequence of maternal hyperparath...
Formation of Rings in a Liquid Film Attached to the Inside of a Rotating Cylinder

IN AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION sponsored by the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industries we found that rings formed in a liquid film attached to the inside of a rotating cylinder, as the cylinder was suddenly stopped or slowed down. In the former case the rings (Fig. 1) lasted a few seconds before gravity pulled the liquid down to the lower part of the drum. (The axis of the drum was horizontal.) In the latter case the rings appeared for a shorter length of time but disappeared again, leaving a smooth film rotating at a smaller
JHU/APL ad hoc experiments at CLEF 2006

JHU/APL continued its participation in multilingual retrieval at CLEF in 2006. We again applied our hallmark technique for combating language diversity and morphological complexity: character n-gram tokenization. This year we participated in the ad hoc cross-language track and submitted both monolingual and bilingual runs. Our experimental results this year agree with our previous reports that n-grams perform especially well in linguistically complex languages, notably Bulgarian and Hungarian, where monolingual improvements of 27% and 70% respectively were observed compared to space-delimited word forms. As in CLEF 2005, our bilingual submissions made use of subword translation, statistical translation of character n-grams using aligned corpora, when parallel data were available, and webbased machine translation, when no suitable data was available to us.