cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A solution-generating theorem with applications in general relativity

A Solution-generating theorem due to Bonnor is generalized and applied to several well-known space-times. The main purpose of the study is to investigate one of the many solution-generating theorems in some detail. The applications lead toa) a static electrovacuum solution which contains both the Reissner-Nordstrom and Robinson-Bertotti solutions as special cases,b) a negative-mass Schwarzschild solution associated with a positive-mass Reissner-Nordstrom solution,c) the Patnaik static electrovacuum solution associated with the Taub planesymmetry vacuum solution,d) one of the Witten electrovacuum solutions for a charged wire associated with the Weyl-Levi-Civita cylindrically symmetric vacuum solution,e) a stationary electrovacuum solution which contains both a stationary generalization of the Robinson-Bertotti solution and the Kerr-Newman solution as special cases.
High temperature dimensional reduction of the MSSM and other multiscalar models

Using dimensional reduction we construct an effective 3D theory of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model at finite temperature. The final effective theory is obtained after three successive stages of integration out of massive particles. We obtain the full 1-loop relation between the couplings of the reduced theory and the underlying 4D couplings and masses. The procedure is also applied to a general two Higgs doublet model and the Next to Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.
Very Large Scale Spatial Computing

The early decades of computing were marked by limited resources. However, as we enter the twenty-first century, silicon is offering enormous computing resources on a single die and molecular-scale devices appear plausible offering a path to even greater capacities. Exploiting the capacities of these modern and future devices demands different computational models and radical shifts in the way we organize, capture, and optimize computations. A key shift is towardspatially organized computation. A natural consequence is that the dominant effects which govern our computing space change from the total number of operations and temporal locality to interconnect complexity andspatial locality. Old computational models which hide, ignore, or obfuscate communication andemphasize temporal sequences inhibit the exploitation of these modern capacities, motivating the needfor new models which make communication andspatial organization more apparent.
God and the Profits: Is there Religious Liberty for Money-Makers?

Is there a religious way to pump gas, sell groceries, or advertise for a craft store? Litigation over the HHS contraceptive mandate has raised the question whether a for-profit business and its owner can engage in religious exercise under federal law. The federal government has argued, and some courts have found, that the activities of a profit-making business are ineligible for religious freedom protection. This article offers a comprehensive look at the relationship between profit-making and religious liberty, arguing that the act of earning money does not preclude profit-making businesses and their owners from engaging in protected religious exercise.Many religions impose, and at least some businesses follow, religious requirements for the conduct of profit-making businesses. Thus businesses can be observed to engage in actions that are obviously motivated by religious beliefs: from preparing food according to ancient Jewish religious laws, to seeking out loans that comply with Islamic legal requirements, to encouraging people to “know Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior.” These actions easily qualify as exercises of religion.It is widely accepted that religious freedom laws protect non-profit organizations. The argument for denying religious freedom in the for-profit context rests on a claimed categorical distinction between for-profit and non-profit entities. Yet a broad examination of how the law treats these entities in various contexts severely undermines the claimed categorical distinction. Viewed in this broader context, it is clear that denying religious liberty rights for profit-makers would actually require singling out religion for disfavored treatment in ways forbidden by the Free Exercise Clause and federal law.
An innovative method to deliver treatment of military sexual trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Today, women comprise approximately 14.5% of all active duty military and 18% of all National Guard and Reserves. The number of women Veterans using Veterans Affairs (VA) Health care is increasing rapidly. By 2020, it is estimated that women will make up 10.7% of Veteran population, necessitating significant changes to accommodate their unique needs. 1 Approximately 20% to 25% of women are sexually assaulted at some point during their military service. 2,3 Military Sexual Trauma (MST) increases the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chronic pain syndromes, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, suicidal ideation, as well as cardiovascular disease. 4
Degradation Models and Analyses

For products/systems requiring high reliability or availability, reliability assessment and maintenance actions are often needed in a timely manner. For these systems/products, information on system state and performance can be collected over the system's operating time, providing what is known as degradation data. With appropriate models and data analysis techniques, degradation data are converted to system reliability information and this information is useful for short and long-term reliability assessment and for planning maintenance actions. This article provides a review of degradation data models and methods that have been used successfully in this area. Commonly used methods for analyzing degradation data, general path models and stochastic models, are described in detail. Models and methods for analyzing data from accelerated degradation tests and accelerated destructive degradation tests are also introduced. Dynamic condition monitoring based on degradation data is covered. Examples are used to illustrate the models and methods covered in this article. The conclusion provides a discussion of test planning, software implementation and the future of degradation data analysis. Keywords: Accelerated degradation tests; Accelerated destructive degradation tests; Condition based maintenance; General path model; Reliability assessment; Wiener process
Cloning of the mouse 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase (CYP1α) gene

Abstract A genomic clone for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase (1α-hydroxylase) was isolated from a mouse embryonic stem cell P1 genomic library. It contains nine exons spanning 4.8 kb from the transcriptional start site. All the intron insertion sites are identical to that of the human 1α-hydroxylase and human vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase genes. A polyadenylation signal AUUAAA that differs from the consensus sequence at the second residue was identified 16 bp downstream of the 3′ end of the previously reported mouse cDNA. This element is the only common natural variant described. The 3′ end of the gene was determined using a RACE technique. Three poly(A) addition sites were observed 12, 15 and 22 bases from the AUUAAA element. Such distances are in agreement with what is required for maturation of mammalian pre-mRNAs. This molecular cloning makes possible the generation of transgenic mice in order to further investigate the role and importance of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase (CYP1α).
The Impact of Horizontal Grid Spacing on the Microphysical and Kinematic Structures of Strong Tropical Cyclones Simulated with the WRF-ARW Model

Abstract Using the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting numerical model, the impact of horizontal grid spacing on the microphysical and kinematic structure of a numerically simulated tropical cyclone (TC), and their relationship to storm intensity was investigated with a set of five numerical simulations using input data for the case of Hurricane Rita (2005). The horizontal grid spacing of the parent domain was systematically changed such that the horizontal grid spacing of the inner nest varied from 1 to 5 km by an increment of 1 km, this while keeping geographical dimensions of the domains identical. Within this small range of horizontal grid spacing, the morphology of the simulated storms and the evolution of the kinematic and microphysics field showed noteworthy differences. As grid spacing increased, the model produced a wider, more tilted eyewall, a larger radius of maximum winds, and higher-amplitude, low wavenumber eyewall asymmetries. The coarser-resolution simulations also produced larger v...
Sublimation and Vapor Pressure of Ar 36

The sublimation and vapor pressure of ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{36}$ were measured in the temperature range 23.752-87.375 K. Pressures below 1 Torr were measured with a McLeod gauge and corrected for effects of thermal transpiration and mercury streaming. The estimated accuracy of these pressure measurements ranges from 1% near 1 Torr to 10% near ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ Torr. Above 1 Torr a calibrated Bourdon gauge was used to give pressures to \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.03 Torr. Temperatures were measured to \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 3 mK with a Pt resistance thermometer. Equivalent sublimation-pressure data on normal Ar are compared with our ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{36}$ data in the temperature range 62.315-84.503 K. This comparison yields vapor-pressure ratios which are in reasonable agreement with theory and other experiments.
Direct electrical transduction of antibody binding to a covalent virus layer using electrochemical impedance.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to detect the binding of a 148.2 kDa antibody to a “covalent virus layer” (CVL) immobilized on a gold electrode. The CVL consisted of M13 phage particles covalently anchored to a 3 mm diameter gold disk electrode. The ability of the CVL to distinguish this antibody (“p-Ab”) from a second, nonbinding antibody (“n-Ab”) was evaluated as a function of the frequency and phase of the measured current relative to the applied voltage. The binding of p-Ab to the CVL was correlated with a change in the resistance, reducing it at low frequency (1−40 Hz) while increasing it at high frequency (2−140 kHz). The capacitance of the CVL was virtually uncorrelated with p-Ab binding. At both low and high frequency, the electrode resistance was linearly dependent on the p-Ab concentration from 20 to 266 nM but noise compromised the reproducibility of the p-Ab measurement at frequencies below 40 Hz. A “signal-to-noise” ratio for antibody detection was computed based upon the ratio...
The Effectiveness of Economics Instruction in Two-Year Colleges

Because many students in four-year colleges have transferred from junior colleges, it is important to know something about the quality and effectiveness of the instruction they received in the two-year schools. Weidenaar and Dodson add to the growing literature on economic education in two-year colleges with this report on the effectiveness of economics instruction, factors influencing student performance, and student attitudes toward economics. The TUCE was used in the 10 schools participating in the study. The predictor variables included sex, economics background, major field, mathematics background, age, precourse grade expectations, interest in economics, ACT scores and others. The instructor's background and experience were also considered in terms of their effects upon student test performance.
Apparent pA2 value of naltrexone is not changed in rats following continuous exposure to morphine or naloxone.

Abstract Chronic opioid antagonist administration increases opioid binding sites and potentiates behavioral responses to morphine. Conversely, chronic opioid agonist administration attenuates behavioral responses to morphine, though this is not necessarily accompanied by a parallel loss of binding sites. We examined the possibility that the in vivo affinity of the μ receptors might be altered as a consequence of the continuous administration of either naloxone or morphine. Rats were implanted sc with naloxone- or morphine-filled osmotic pumps; control animals were implanted with sham pumps. One week later, 24 hr after removing the osmotic pumps, cumulative dose-response curves for fentanyl analgesia were generated in the presence of 0.0, 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg naltrexone, using a tail-flick procedure. The analgesic ED 50 (with 95% C.L.) of fentanyl in sham implanted animals, following saline pretreatment was 0.027 mg/kg (0.019, 0.039). The potency of fentanyl was decreased in rats infused with morphine, ED 50 = 0.051 mg/kg (0.028, 0.093), and increased in rats that received naloxone, ED 50 = 0.018 mg/kg (0.015, 0.022). The mean apparent pA 2 value for naltrexone (with 95% C.L.) in the control group was 7.7 (7.5, 7.9). No differences were detected in animals that had received either naloxone or morphine for 7 days, pA 2 =7.8 (7.5, 8.1) and (7.3, 7.6), respectively. Our results indicate that there is no change in the apparent affinity of the μ-receptor following continuous exposure to either an opioid agonist or antagonist, at a time when the analgesic potency of the agonist is decreased or increased, respectively.
Paradoxical effects of piperonyl butoxide on the kinetics of mouse liver microsomal enzyme activity.

Abstract The kinetics of the effects of piperonyl butoxide on mouse liver aminopyrine demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and biphenyl hydroxylases were investigated. Piperonyl butoxide competitively inhibited aminopyrine demethylase in vitro and in vivo, and aniline hydroxylase in vitro; however, in vivo inhibition of aniline hydroxylase was uncompetitive. Contrastingly, in vitro piperonyl butoxide noncompetitively inhibited biphenyl-4-hydroxylase, while competitively stimulating biphenyl-2-hydroxylase. Sulfoxide, a structurally related methylenedioxyphenyl derivative, also noncompetitively inhibited biphenyl-4-hydroxylase and competitively stimulated biphenyl-2-hydroxylase. Furthermore, when microsomal enzyme preparations from control and piperonyl butoxide-treated mice were mixed, aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities were the same as the control alone, indicating that the inhibitory factors were enzyme bound.
Hydrogen isotopic compositions of plant leaf lipids are unaffected by a twofold pCO2 change in growth chambers

Abstract Hydrogen isotopic compositions of leaf lipids have potential for reconstructing past hydrological changes. However, the effect of p CO 2 levels on leaf lipid D/H values ( δ D values) is unknown. Here, we show that leaf lipid ( n -alkanes and n -alkanoic acids) δ D values of thirteen plant species grown in chambers are unaffected by a twofold change in ambient p CO 2 level. We hypothesize that the effect of enhanced evapotranspiration at lower CO 2 is accompanied by an increase in kinetic hydrogen isotopic fractionation due to lower rate of plant growth, and vice versa.
Policy implications of generalised distributed lags and the estimated demand for petroleum products

Abstract In many recent analyses of energy consumption, the following functional form is assumed: Q t = BX t + λQ t-1 + e t where Q t is a vector of consumption data, X t is a matrix of explanatory economic variables, Q t −1 is a vector of consumption lagged one observation period, B and λ are regression parameters to be estimated and e t is a vector of appropriately distributed random disturbances. Although this specification is attractive in the sense that both short- and long-term elasticities can be obtained from it, it does require certain restrictive assumptions to be met in order for it to be theoretically valid. This paper tests those assumptions and finds them not met for certain petroleum products. An alternative specification is suggested and policy differences between the popular but incorrect specification and the suggested one are presented. These differences are shown to be substantial.
Interflap distances in HIV-1 protease determined by pulsed EPR measurements.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease, being responsible for the cleavage of the viral polyproteins gag and gag-pol, is an essential component in the processing of viral proteins encoded in the HIV viral genome. The present work utilizes site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) and double electron−electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy to characterize flap conformations in HIV-1 protease in an inhibited and uninhibited form. Because HIV protease is a homodimer, incorporation of the labeling probe at K55C yields a spin label pair within the protease, suitable for distance measurements by pulsed techniques. DEER experiments were performed with and without protease inhibitors to determine distances between residues 55−55‘ within the flap region of the protease. Analysis of the EPR results demonstrates that the flap region spans a continuous, rather than segmental, range of motion in its uninhibited state. Upon addition of inhibitor, the distance between spin labels shortens by ∼3−4 A (regardless of ...
Role of Hindsight Bias, Ethics, and Self-Other Judgments in Students’ Evaluation of an Animal Experiment

Does hindsight knowledge make research seem more ethical and predictable? In line with the notion of hindsight bias, students in 3 experiments knowing the outcome of an animal experiment judged the results as more foreseeable and ethical relative to students who did not know the outcome. Via self to other comparisons, students evaluate themselves more favorably compared to a peer but exhibited hindsight bias in doing so. Uniquely, the findings reveal the possibility that students deem themselves to be more skeptical and objective than their peers. Implications for teaching animal ethics and for Institutional Review Boards are discussed.
Short communication: neurofibromatosis fibroblasts: slow growth and abnormal morphology.

Top of pageAbstract Summary: We hypothesized that skin fibroblasts from patients with neurofibromatosis (NF) may have abnormalities of growth in tissue culture to correlate with the clinical abnormalities of overgrowth and malignancy seen in this disease. Using five lines of NF cells, age- and passage-matched to normal controls, we found that NF fibroblasts grew more slowly and slopped growing at a lower population density than normal cells (P < 0.0005). The same cells also incorporated [3H] thymidine at a lower rate than normal skin fibrobasts (9,330 × 3,240 versus 42,100 × 6,840; P < 0.01), The addition of epidermal growth factor to the medium stimulated the growth of both the normal and the NF fibroblasts; however, the stimulation of the NF fibroblasts was inadequate to fully correct the slow growth rate (P < 0.025). NF cells (N = 5) were found to be morphologically different from normal skin fibroblasts (N = 5) in culture by light microscopy. NF cells were larger (approximately 9 × 104 × 2 × 104 versus 2 × 104 × 2 × 104A), pleomorphic, and failed to form confluent monolayers when growth ceased. Speculation: These data indicate that there may be an underlying abnormality of growth regulation in neurofibromatosis. The slow growth of neurofibromatosis fibroblasts, and their diminished response to epidermal growth factor, provides a means for studying the growth abnormality of neurofibromatosis in tissue culture. In addition, the expression of this abnormality may serve as a marker for the disease. Keywords: epidermal growth factor; fibroblast; neurofibromatosis; ontogeny
Mechanistic data indicate that 1,3-butadiene is a human carcinogen

A review of the epidemiological and mechanistic data on 1,3-butadiene indicates that this chemical is a human carcinogen for which the mouse is an appropriate model for assessing human cancer risk. Butadiene is carcinogenic at multiple organ sites in laboratory animals, including the induction of lymphomas in mice, while epidemiological studies have consistently found associations between occupational exposure to butadiene and increased mortality from lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers. Activated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressor genes in butadiene-induced tumors in mice are analogous to genetic alterations frequently observed in human cancers. Butadiene is metabolized to mutagenic and carcinogenic epoxides in all mammalian species studied, including humans. These metabolites form N7-alkylguanine adducts which have been detected in liver DNA of mice exposed to butadiene and in urine of exposed workers. Increases in hprt mutations were observed in lymphocytes from mice exposed to butadiene and in occupationally exposed humans. The mutational spectra for butadiene and its epoxide metabolites at the hprt locus in mouse lymphocytes are similar to the mutational spectrum of ethylene oxide; all of these chemicals exhibit a high percentage of frameshift mutations. Ethylene oxide, an alkylating agent that also forms an N7-alkylguanine adduct, was recently classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a human carcinogen. Based on these data, we suggest that cancer induction by ethylene oxide and butadiene involve similar molecular mechanisms.
Emergency Access Authorization for Personally Controlled Online Health Care Data

Personally controlled health records (PCHR) systems have emerged to allow patients to control their own medical data. In a PCHR system, all the access privileges to a patient's data are granted by the patient. However, in many emergency cases, it is impossible for the patient to participate in access authorization on site when immediate medical treatment is needed. To solve the emergency access authorization problem in the absence of patients, we consider two cases: a) the requester is already in the PCHR system but has not obtained the access privilege of the patient's health records, and b) the requester does not even have an account in the PCHR system to submit its request. For each of the two cases, we present a method for emergency access authorization, utilizing the weighted voting and source authentication cryptographic techniques. Our methods provide an effective, secure and private solution for emergency access authorization, that makes the existing PCHR system frameworks more practical and thus improves the patients' experiences of health care when using PCHR systems. We have implemented a prototype system as a proof of concept.
Optogalvanic resonance detection of pulsed dye laser atomic absorption.

Resonance detection and quantification of atomic absorption have been demonstrated for Na, Cu, and Li using an optogalvanic effect. In this experiment, a pulsed dye laser tuned to an absorption transition of the analyte atom (i.e., the element to be determined) was directed through the analyte atomic vapor produced in a flame into a commercial hollow cathode lamp containing the element of interest. The optogalvanic signal was monitored and related to the analyte concentration in the flame. Detection limits were obtained for Na, Cu, and Li, the behavior of the sodium hollow cathode lamp was characterized, and future applications are suggested.
Determination of the Kinetics of Biodiesel Production Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR)

Methyl esters were produced at several temperatures (10, 35, and 45 °C) by transesterification batch reactions of soybean oil with methanol utilizing KOH and NaOH catalysts. The reactions were monitored by aliquot removal and subsequent proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) analysis. 1H NMR analysis allowed for the calculation of the average degree of fatty acid unsaturation (DU = 1.52) in oil and methyl ester. 1H NMR analysis also provided initial rates of methyl ester formation and an activation energy of 27.2 kJ/mol. The time-dependent concentration data revealed substantial reaction progress toward equilibrium after only 120 s at a reduced temperature of 10 °C. Understanding the resonance shifts in the 1H NMR spectra of starting materials and products allows for quantitation of reaction progress that is in good agreement with results obtained using other analytical methods.
Qualitative features of finger movement during the Halstead finger oscillation test following traumatic brain injury.

Qualitative and quantitative performance on the Halstead Finger Tapping test may help differentiate brain dysfunctional patients from normal controls. “Normal” and “abnormal” finger tapping patterns during this task have been characterized and illustrated pictorially. Data from 65 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 15 normal controls support the dual proposition that (1) abnormal finger tapping patterns are more commonly observed in TBI patients than in controls and (2) the frequency of abnormal finger movements may relate to the severity of TBI during the acute stages after trauma. Future prospective studies are needed to replicate these findings. (JINS, 2003, 9, 128–133.)
Discordant Responses of Thyrotropin and Its Free α- and β-Subunits after Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone with Incremental Thyroid Hormone Replacement in Primary Hypothyroidism*

Ten patients with primary hypothyroidism were (treated with incremental doses of oral L-T4 (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg daily), and 7 hypothyroid patients were treated with incremental doses of oral (L-T3 (5, 10, 20, 25, and 50 μg daily). TRH (200 μg, iv) was administered to each paient before therapy and after at least 4 weeks on each dose of thyroid hormone. Before therapy, the 10 hypothyroid patients treated with L-T4 had a mean peak TSH level after TRH of 307 μU/ml, a mean peak α-subunit after TRH of 7.0 ng/ml, and a mean peak TSH-β after (TRH of 3.5 ng/ml; mean T4 (was 1.8 μg/dl; free T4 was 0.3 ng/dl; and T3 was 47 ng/dl. On a regimen of (50 μg L-T4 daily, serum T4 and T3 increased significantly (P < 0.001). Mean peak TSH and α-subunit levels after TRH decreased significantly to 228 μU/ml(P < 0.01) and 4.9 ng/ml (P < 0.001), respectively; however, mean peak TSH-β after TRH did not change significantly (3.9 ng/ml). Only after treatment with 100 μg L-T4 daily did the meanpeak TSH-βlevel decrease significa...
The effect of temperature and hydrocarbon chain structures on the titration properties of lecithin and some related phospholipids.

Abstract The effect of temperature and hydrocarbon structure on the ionic properties of aqueous dispersions of lecithin and some related compounds was studied by titrations and other pH measurements. The reactions of lecithin with NaOH at elevated pH levels increased with temperature. This effect was greater with short-chain or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups and appeared to be related to the temperature for the transition to the liquid crystalline form. Systems of dimyristoyl or dipalmitoyl lecithin when brought to pH 9 and heated from 20°C showed a sharp drop in pH at the characteristic transition temperature for the formation of the smectic form. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine dispersions showed very little reaction with NaOH and raising the system to 45°C produced little increase. The same lipid obtained from soybean or beef showed greatly increased reaction with base at temperatures above 24°C. This difference is attributed to their unsaturated hydrocarbon chains.
Five-point tree amplitude for the heterotic string

The five-point tree amplitude for four fermions and one gauge boson is calculated for the heterotic string. The cancellation of infrared divergences, which arise in taking the effective field theory limit of one-loop amplitudes, is discussed. Modular invariance of the one-loop amplitude for four massless gauge particles, calculated in the covariant formalism, is proved.
Comments on Effect of Vibrations on the Transition Regime in Pipe Flow

THE results recently reported by James and Morton1 disagree with results which I obtained in 1951 in research supported by the US Office of Naval Research. My work actually covered the effects of transverse and longitudinal vibrations on flow in circular tubes over a range of Reynolds numbers from 750 to a little more than 10,000, including the transition regime. I concluded that vibration had no effect on the friction factor except that at Reynolds numbers above about 2,200 flow which was laminar without vibration became turbulent with certain types of vibration. (Laminar flow was obtained to a Reynolds number of about 15,000 in the apparatus using a special head tank and water as fluid.)
Exploring the contexts of urban science classrooms. Part 1: Investigating corporate and communal practices

In this paper, I discuss the existence of varying ideologies and perspectives within urban science classrooms and uncover the importance of focusing on student and teacher practices as a means to bridge these disconnections. Specifically, I describe the existence of corporate and communal ideologies and the dynamics that create the misalignment between groups that hold allegiances to these varying belief systems. Utilizing three allied theoretical frames, this paper provides a multi layered and timely analysis of the teaching of science in an urban high school in New York City. I conjoin Bourdieu’s sociocultural theory, an analysis of social life through the use of the structure|agency dialectic, and a theorizing of corporate and communal practice to embark on a journey into how African American and Latino/a students’ ways of knowing and being can be utilized to meet the goal of improving their success in science.
Designing Culturally Relevant Educational Materials for Mexican American Clients

The California Diabetes Control Program developed a set of pictorial bilingual materials featuring traditional Mexican food patterns to meet a need for culturally relevant diabetes education materials. Culturally appropriate nutrition education materials are not merely translated from English but must be adapted or redesigned, using culturally relevant concepts, methods, activities, and meal plans.
Control of the spineless antennal enhancer: direct repression of antennal target genes by Antennapedia.

It is currently thought that antennal target genes are activated in Drosophila by the combined action of Distal-less, homothorax, and extradenticle, and that the Hox gene Antennapedia prevents activation of antennal genes in the leg by repressing homothorax. To test these ideas, we analyze a 62 bp enhancer from the antennal gene spineless that is specific for the third antennal segment. This enhancer is activated by a tripartite complex of Distal-less, Homothorax, and Extradenticle. Surprisingly, Antennapedia represses the enhancer directly, at least in part by competing with Distal-less for binding. We show that Antennapedia is required in the leg only within a proximal ring that coexpresses Distal-less, Homothorax and Extradenticle. We conclude that the function of Antennapedia in the leg is not to repress homothorax, as has been suggested, but to directly repress spineless and other antennal genes that would otherwise be activated within this ring.
Surgical and Endovascular Treatment of Lower Extremity Venous Insufficiency

Lower extremity venous insufficiency is a highly prevalent condition. Now it is understood that telangiectasias, reticular varicosities, and true varicose veins are physiologically similar and etiologically identical. The four main influences causing these abnormalities are heredity, female sex, gravitational hydrostatic forces, and hemodynamic muscular compartment pressure. There are clear indications and goals for intervention. A cornerstone in the treatment of venous insufficiency is elimination of sources of venous hypertension. One of these is the refluxing greater saphenous vein. Minimally invasive saphenous ablation can be achieved by radiofrequency energy and laser light energy. These new techniques eliminate the psychologic barrier to treatment caused by the term "stripping" and allow the objectives of surgery to be achieved with minimal invasion and quick recovery. Endovenous techniques show great promise. They provide minimal invasion, often under local anesthesia and intravenous sedation, thereby eliminating the need for general anesthesia. Objectives of venous insufficiency have been established and the endoluminal minimally invasive techniques developed in recent years appear to accomplish their goals.
Isolation of stable hemolysin and catalase variants of Staphylococcus aureus S6C includes one with an exoprotein-deficient phenotype.

Previous studies suggested that the exoprotein-deficient phenotype of a Δ1058::Tn551 insertion/deletion mutant of Staphylococcus aureus S6C was not owing to the insertion/deletion event, but instead was owing to the inherent instability of the agrC gene during transduction of the Δ1058::Tn551 region into S6C. The purpose of the following study was to examine S6C as a potential source of exoprotein-deficient mutants that would account for their appearance after transposition and transduction. Four stable variants of S6C were isolated that differed in their hemolysin and catalase activities. Surprisingly, the agr regulatory molecule, RNAIII, was undetectable in one of these variants, which most likely accounted for the exoprotein-deficient phenotype of this variant. When the original Δ1058::Tn551 mutation was transduced into the hemolytic, catalase-positive variant of S6C, none of the transductants exhibited an exoprotein-deficient phenotype. These data suggest that, while the exoprotein-deficient phenotype of the S6C variant is most likely due to mutations in the agr regulatory system, these mutations are not caused by the transduction of the Δ1058::Tn551 region into S6C, but instead already exist in an exoprotein-deficient variant of S6C.
Dynamics of correlations in a dilute Bose gas following an interaction quench

We calculate the dynamics of one- and two-body correlation functions in a homogeneous Bose gas at zero temperature following a sudden change in the interaction strength, in the continuum and in a lattice. By choosing suitable examples, we highlight features in the correlation functions that emerge due to the interactions and the band structure. We find that interactions dramatically change the way correlations build up and subsequently decay following a quench. For example, the Bogoliubov dispersion induces a crossover from diffusive spreading of short-range correlations to ballistic spreading of longer-range correlations. In the lattice, the correlation functions develop additional features absent in the continuum. Most strikingly, the lattice induces an additional velocity scale and some features propagate with that velocity. Finally, we discuss the ultra-short-range properties of the density-density correlation function following a quench, and the implications for experiments using this quantity to probe the ``contact.'' Our calculations, which can be readily tested in current experiments, suggest that the dynamics of correlations may be a useful tool for extracting many-body parameters.
Modeling of the hand–arm system for impact loading in shear fastener installation

Abstract The aim of this study is to model the hand–arm system during fastening operation using shear fasteners. This fastening operation has considerable dynamic forces caused by the impact delivered to the hand–arm at the end of the operation because of fastener shear-off. The hand–arm is modeled as a rotational single-degree-of-freedom system. The values of the model parameters are obtained using the magnitude of compliance spectrum calculated from the measured torque and angular displacement data, which are obtained while installing fasteners on a fixtured experimental setup, and by a non-linear least-square curve fitting technique. The experimental setup facilitates transferring the torque from a torque driver to a fastening tool handle held by the subject. The identified parameter values are found consistent for the trials conducted under same test conditions. Strong agreements are seen between the predicted responses using the model and the measured responses. Relevance to industry This study is useful in tool selection and workplace design for assembly shop floors where hand-held power tools are commonly used. It demonstrates a systematic approach in predicting the motion of an operator's hand–arm for a given torque impulse produced by a fastening tool. The predicted motion can be used for further analysis to determine the detrimental effect it may have in causing cumulative trauma disorders.
Separation of membranes by flotation centrifugation for in vitro synthesis of plant cell wall polysaccharides

Membranes from etiolated maize seedlings were isolated using sucrose gradients for in vitro studies of polysaccharide synthesis. Following downward centrifugation, flotation centrifugation improved the purity of membrane fractions, in particular the Golgi apparatus. Based on naphthylphthalamic acid binding to plasma membrane and inosine-5′-diphosphatase activity in Golgi apparatus, flotation centrifugation removed about 70% of the plasma membrane which cosedimented with the Golgi apparatus in downward centrifugation. The addition of chelators during flotation centrifugation allowed separation of the Golgi apparatus from endoplasmic reticulum, as indicated by NADH cytochromec reductase activity. Glucan and xylan synthase activities were measured as the radioactivity incorporated from either UDP-14C-glucose or UDP-14C-xylose into 80% ethanol insoluble materials. Glucan synthase activity at a substrate concentration of 1 mM UDP-glucose without CaCl2 was greatest in fractions enriched in Golgi apparatus, but in the presence of 3 mM CaCl2 the activity was greatest in fractions enriched in plasma membrane. Glucan synthase activity at a substrate concentration of 10μM UDP-glucose in the presence of 3 mM MnCl2 was greatest in fractions enriched in plasma membrane, but was also high in fractions enriched in Golgi apparatus. Xylan synthase activity, at a substrate concentration of 1 μM UDP-xylose in the presence of 3 mM MnCl2, was greatest in fractions enriched in Golgi apparatus. To further characterize these synthase reactions, the glycosyl linkages of the products formed were analyzed with a gas chromatograph coupled to a radiogas proportional counter. With the substrate, UDP-14C-glucose, and fractions enriched in Golgi apparatus, both (1→3)- and (1→4)-radioactive glucosyl linkages were formed, whereas the main linkage formed by fractions enriched in plasma membrane was (1→3)-glucosyl. With the substrate, UDP-14C-xylose, mostly (1→4)-xylosyl and some terminal-xylosyl linkages were formed by fractions enriched in Golgi apparatus. Only xylan synthase activity copurified with Golgi apparatus and, because plasma membrane lacked this activity, xylan synthase may be used as a reasonable indicator of Golgi apparatus.
The Radiation-Induced Grafting of Vinyl Monomers to Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers. Part I. Styrene

Abstract Some kinetic features of the mutual radiation grafting of styrene to polyethylene terephthalare fibers have been investigated. The effects of type of swelling agent, monomer concentration, and temperature have been determined. In general a maximum in the grafting rate was found to occur both with the concentration of swelling agent and with temperature. Undrawn fibers were found to graft at higher rates and maximum yield than drawn fibers. These and other features are discussed in terms of a simple grafting scheme coupled with diffusion controlled kinetics.
Potential Explanatory Factors for Higher Incident Hip Fracture Risk in Older Diabetic Adults

Type 2 diabetes is associated with higher fracture risk. Diabetes-related conditions may account for this risk. Cardiovascular Health Study participants (N = 5641; 42.0% men; 15.5% black; 72.8±5.6 years) were followed 10.9 ± 4.6 years. Diabetes was defined as hypoglycemic medication use or fasting glucose (FG) ≥126 mg/dL. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) was defined as ankle-arm index <0.9. Incident hip fractures were from medical records. Crude hip fracture rates (/1000 person-years) were higher for diabetic vs. non-diabetic participants with BMI <25 (13.6, 95% CI: 8.9-20.2 versus 11.4, 95% CI: 10.1-12.9) and BMI ≥25 to <30 (8.3, 95% CI: 5.7-11.9 versus 6.6, 95% CI: 5.6-7.7), but similar for BMI ≥30. Adjusting for BMI, sex, race, and age, diabetes was related to fractures (HR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.01-1.78). PAD (HR = 1.25 (95% CI: 0.92-1.57)) and longer walk time (HR = 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04-1.10)) modified the fracture risk in diabetes (HR = 1.17 (95% CI: 0.87-1.57)). Diabetes was associated with higher hip fracture risk after adjusting for BMI though this association was modified by diabetes-related conditions.
Study of Nonstoichiometry of 〈U1–zGdzO2±x〉

The extensive nonstoichiometry in the 〈U1–zGdzO2±x〉† phase was investigated experimentally and the data are represented by a chemical thermodynamic method. The experimental ranges of temperature, oxygen potential, and z were 1273 to 1773 K, 0 to −600 kJ/mol, and 0.1 to 0.8, respectively. For hypostoichiometry, ideal-solution thermodynamics for the equilibrium 3Gd4/3O2+ 4UO2+ (O2) = 6U2/3Gd2/3O8/3 were used to represent the experimental data, while for hyperstoichiometry a nonideal solution was used for the equilibrium 4UO2+ (O2) = 2U2O5. The wide ranges in x and z led to an improvement of the previous analysis of literature data and led to partial molal Gibbs free energy values that are useful for any thermodynamic calculation involving the phase.
Coercive field of a polycrystalline ferrimagnet with uni-axial anisotropy

Abstract Unlike the coercive field H c of a bulk ferrimagnet, which diverges at the compensation temperature T comp , the coercive field of a polycrystalline ferrimagnet with uni-axial anisotropy is shown to have a minimum at T comp . Despite this behavior, the field required for domain-wall motion still diverges at the compensation temperature. These ideas are used to treat a ferrimagnetic class of molecule-based magnets, the bimetallic oxalates, that exhibit a minimum coercivity at T comp .
BESTCUT: A Graph Algorithm for Coreference Resolution

In this paper we describe a coreference resolution method that employs a classification and a clusterization phase. In a novel way, the clusterization is produced as a graph cutting algorithm, in which nodes of the graph correspond to the mentions of the text, whereas the edges of the graph constitute the confidences derived from the coreference classification. In experiments, the graph cutting algorithm for coreference resolution, called BestCut, achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Learning and transfer of feature-based attentional modulation

Feature-based attention, but not spatial attention, modulates learning and transfer • Under certain training conditions, perceptual learning can transfer across spatial location (Xiao et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2013) • Since feature-based attention is spatially global, learning to attend to features should transfer across spatial positions (Byers & Serences, 2012) Question: How do feature-based attentional cues and spatial attention cues impact the magnitude of perceptual learning and its transfer?
Successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways that recurred after surgery.

Abstract Since September 1990, radiofrequency ablation 1,2 has replaced surgery as the curative treatment of choice for patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in our institution. The patients are referred to surgery only if radiofrequency ablation is unsuccessful. However, in many institutions surgery remains the primary option for patients requiring curative treatment. It is not known whether or not patients with recurrent accessory pathway conduction after surgical ablation can be safely and successfully cured by radiofrequency ablation. In this communication we report our experience with successful radiofrequency ablation in 3 patients who had recurrent accessory pathway conduction after surgical ablation.
Regulation of the immune response in the rat: evidence for the existence of contrasuppressor cells.

Abstract Rat splenocytes are shown to contain a population of plastic adherent, iron ingesting cells, presumably macrophages, which mediate suppression of concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis. A subpopulation of splenocytes which are separable from responding cells and suppressor macrophages by density gradient techniques has been obtained which negate the suppressive effects of macrophages. These cells, which appear to be a mature T-cell population, regulate the suppressive effects mediated by macrophages and are termed contrasuppressor cells.
Diagnosis and management of functional visual deficits.

Patients with functional or nonorganic visual disturbances are often seen in general ophthalmology practice and then referred to neurology and/or neuro-ophthalmology. The diagnosis of functional vision loss requires comprehensive examinations and diagnostic testing to eliminate possible organic entities. Inconsistencies between examinations may be key to the functional/nonorganic nature. These cases represent some of the most time-consuming diagnoses that an ophthalmologist sees. These patients may be malingering or may have already seen multiple physicians. The more sophisticated patients may go online to learn about an entity that they are trying to mimic. Large amounts of time and money may be spent on diagnostic workups that are thought necessary to prove that there is nothing organic involved. Occasionally there are legal elements of the vision loss, such as minor trauma, in which case the history is key; the complaints tend to resolve when the legal issues are resolved. Another issue to consider is whether someone claiming to be blind is trying to qualify for workmen’s compensation or disability.
Pseudo single crystal, direct-band-gap Ge0.89Sn0.11 on amorphous dielectric layers towards monolithic 3D photonic integration

We demonstrate pseudo single crystal, direct-band-gap Ge0.89Sn0.11 crystallized on amorphous layers at 18 μm long that forms optoelectronically benign twin boundaries with others grains. These pseudo single crystal, direct-band-gap Ge0.89Sn0.11 patterns are suitable for monolithic 3D integration of active photonic devices on Si.
Isochoric (p, Vm, T) measurements on CO2 and on (0.982CO2+0.018N2) from 250 to 330 K at pressures to 35 MPa

Abstract Comprehensive isochoric ( p , V m , T ) measurements have been performed for pure CO 2 and for (0.982CO 2 + 0.018N 2 ). The range of state points studied for pure CO 2 include those with amount-of-substance densities from 1 to 24 mol·dm −3 , temperatures from 250 to 330 K, and pressures to 34 MPa. Similarly, the mixture was studied over amount-of-substance densities of 1 to 24 mol·dm −3 , temperatures from 250 to 330 K, and pressures to 33 MPa. Based on these and other experimental results from the literature, a 32-term equation of state of the form suggested by Jacobsen and Stewart has been developed for pure CO 2 . This equation was then used to demonstrate the effect of a small amount of N 2 on the ( p , V m , T ) surface of CO 2 —an effect which can be as great as 100 per cent in the amount-of-substance density at fixed temperature and pressure. Finally, the equation of state for pure CO 2 was used in a conformal-solution model to calculate the mixture amount-of-substance densities which had been obtained in this study. In general the results of this calculation were very good—the model reproduced the experimental results to within an r.m.s. deviation of 0.26 per cent.