cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VITAMIN B12 AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Abstract. Vitamin b 12 is essential for the maintenance of the integrity of the nervous system. When there is deficiency of the vitamin from any cause, or interference with related metabolic pathways, changes may develop in the nervous system involving peripheral nerves, optic nerves, spinal cord, or cerebrum. The basic lesion in all these situations appears to be one of demyelination. The vitamin plays a role in the detoxification of cyanide, but its major neurobiochemical role appears to be concerned with lipid metabolism and interference with this role results in the accumulation of abnormal fatty acids which may be responsible for the pathological lesions.
The California Sickle Cell Database.

Abstract 1530 Poster Board I-553 INTRODUCTION The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD) was a landmark prospective observational study that helped to define the natural history of sickle cell disease. Although this study provided (and is still yielding) a wealth of robust data, there are still gaps in knowledge on long term complications, especially in adults. In addition, the CSSCD was conducted by investigators at specialized centers, and it is possible findings might be different in a population based cohort. Therefore, we wished to use available administrative datasets to study Californians with sickle cell disease (SCD) and create a California Sickle Cell Database (CSCD). METHODS We conducted a retrospective study with which to determine complications and health care utilization amongst patients with sickle cell disease. The California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) Hospital Discharge Dataset (HDD) collects data on all hospital discharges in California (exclusive of federal facilities) since 1991. Since 2005, all non-federal emergency department (ED) visits have also been reported to the Emergency Department Utilization (EDU) system of OSHPD. Data elements include basic demographics and diagnoses. Patients can be tracked using social security numbers; therefore, longitudinal data on individual patient hospitalizations and ED utilization can be generated. The ICD-9 codes used were 282.6X. RESULTS There were 11,351 individual SCD patients identified in the OSHPD HDD (1991-2007) and EDU (2005-2007) data systems. Analysis to date has yielded some basic demographic data on utilization. Females comprised 59.3% of the cohort. As anticipated most patients (81.9%) were non-Hispanic Black. However, 7.9% were reported as non-Hispanic White and 6% as Hispanic. The majority was less than 60 years of age; however, 744 were between 60-69 years and 406 were 70-79 years of age. There were 124,455 admissions of patients with SCD from 1991 to 2007 (mean ± SD =7321 ± 473 per year). 2135 ± 168 patients per year accounted for these hospitalizations with mean hospitalizations per patient of 3.4 with SD9s from 3.6 to 4.6. In the three years 2005-2007 inclusive a mean of 1,871 ± 127 patients a year utilized the ED. The mean number of ED encounters per year per patient was 5 with SD9s of 13 to 22. CONCLUSIONS Limitations include those inherent with any retrospective study dependent on administrative data, including inaccurate coding. In addition, true prevalence could be underestimated due to the acquisition bias of the requirement for hospitalization and/or ED utilization to be counted. Longitudinal data may be affected by migration to other states. Nonetheless, the large number of identified cases in the CSCD will allow determination of rates for many complications of interest that commonly require hospitalization and/or ED utilization, and provide important information on the individual and societal burden of disease. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Induction of Prophage in Lactic Streptococci Isolated from Commercial Dairy Starter Cultures

Twelve commercial dairy starter cultures were examined for presence of lysogens by treating isolated strains with ultraviolet irradiation or mitomycin C. Induction of lysis in isolates from nine of the 12 commercial cultures suggested the presence of lysogenic strains. No indicator organisms were detected, but presence of phage was confirmed by electron microscopy in two of the Streptococcus cremoris isolates from the commercial cultures. The results confirm that some commercial dairy cultures produced in the United States contain phage-harboring strains.
CHAPTER 162 – Diacylglycerol Kinases

Diacylglycerol kinases are expressed in all multicellular organisms that have been studied. Their structural diversity and complexity indicate that they are functionally important in a variety of cellular signaling events. Since they can affect both DAG and PA signals, DGK activity plays a central role in many lipid signaling pathways. Many signaling cascades are initiated by phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes. One product of this reaction is diacylglycerol (DAG), a prolific sencond messenger that activates proteins involved in a variety signaling cascades. The protein kinase Cs (PKCs) are the best-characterized DAG-activated proteins, but diacylglycerol also activates other proteins, including RasGRP and two guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), CalDAG GEFs I and III. The chimaerins, which are GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for Rac, and the Unc-13 gene product from Caenorhabditis elegans also bind to DAG. Because it can associate with a diverse set of proteins, DAG potentially activates numerous signaling cascades. Thus, its accumulation needs to be strictly regulated. Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), which phosphorylate DAG, are widely considered to be responsible for terminating diacylglycerol signaling [2,3]. But the product of the DGK reaction, phosphatidic acid (PA), also can be a signal: it can activate phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases and PKCσ, participates in recruiting Raf1 to the plasma membrane, and is involved in vesicle trafficking. Because they manipulate both DAG and PA signaling, the DGKs can reulate numerous signaling events.
Diastereoselective Organocatalytic Addition of α-Angelica Lactone to β-Halo-α-ketoesters

A quinidine-catalyzed diastereoselective addition of α-angelica lactone to β-halo-α-ketoesters is reported. The α-angelica lactone displays unusual regioselectivity in this reaction, acting as a nucleophile at the α-position to provide fully substituted glycolic esters with three contiguous stereocenters. Subsequent diastereoselective hydrogenation provides an additional stereocenter within the lactone.
Molecular and cytogenomic profiling of hepatic adenocarcinoma expressing inhibinA, a mimicker of neuroendocrine tumors: proposal to reclassify as "cholangioblastic variant of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma"

Only a single case report exists in the literature of hepatic adenocarcinoma expressing InhibinA in a young woman, in which the authors proposed it to be a rare variant of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). We present novel molecular and histologic findings in our series of three cases occurring in young women and show these tumors may mimic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Immunohistochemical (IHC) profiling was performed along with a next-generation sequencing (NGS) 47-gene solid tumor panel, and cytogenomic profiling via single-nucleotide polypmorphism microarray. IHC for inhibinA, chromogranin A (ChrA), and synaptophysin (Syn) was surveyed in liver tumors and in fetal liver. Two of the three patients recurred with metastatic disease with two confirmed deaths. Histological patterns present in the tumors included solid, trabecular, organoid, microcystic, and blastemal-like. IHC was positive for cytokeratin 7 in 3/3, cytokeratin 19 in 3/3, inhibinA in 3/3, ChrA in 3/3, Syn in 3/3, Sox9 in 2/3 and HepPar1 in 0/3. NGS was negative for pathogenic mutations. Recurrent cytogenomic abnormalities included gain of 17q, and loss of 6q. InhibinA was strong and diffusely expressed in 0/10 (0%) iCCA, 0/15 (0%) hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), in the biliary component of 1/4 (25%) combined HCC-iCCA, 0/4 hepatoblastomas, 1/8 (13%) metastatic NET, and in 1/8 fetal liver tissues. We propose a classification of "cholangioblastic variant of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma" and molecular pathogenesis for this rare malignancy. Accurate identification on core biopsy is crucial for clinical management as it may mimic neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Bringing Together the Fields of Organizational Behavior with Organizational Economics

We present a framework how research on organizational economics and organizational behavior can complement each other. By doing so, we highlight that an approach that bases on a complementarity may address research issues that can be addressed neither by approaches from the field of organi-zational behavior nor from the field of organizational economics. To develop our argument, we begin with a literature review on the controversy between scholars from the fields of organizational economics and organizational behavior that has taken place in the last years. The latest findings of motivational research and within the literature on the micro-foundations of organizations are particularly insightful for understanding this controversy. Against the backdrop of the particular contributions of organizational economics and organizational behavior, we present an approach that reveals the interdependencies between both fields. This approach highlights that research on organizational economics and organizational beha...
Dynamic patterns and predictors of hydroxychloroquine nonadherence among Medicaid beneficiaries with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract Background Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is the standard of care medication for most SLE patients, however nonadherence is common. We investigated longitudinal patterns and predictors of nonadherence to HCQ in a U.S. SLE cohort of HCQ initiators. Methods We used Medicaid data from 28 states to identify adults 18–65 years with prevalent SLE. We included HCQ initiators following ≥6 months without use, and required ≥1 year of follow-up after first dispensing (index date). We used the proportion of days covered (PDC) to describe overall HCQ adherence ( Results We identified 10,406 HCQ initiators with SLE. Mean age was 38 (±12) years, 94% were female, 42% black, 31% white; 85% had a mean PDC Conclusions Among HCQ initiators with SLE, we observed poor adherence which declined for most over the first year of use. HCQ adherence is a dynamic behavior and further studies of associated predictors, outcomes, and interventions should reflect this.
Exploring the complement interaction network using surface plasmon resonance.

The human complement system represents a well-balanced and tightly regulated network of protein interactions. Several cascades of soluble and membrane-bound proteins, enzymes, cofactors, and regulators guarantee the dynamic and specific answer to pathogenic conditions and make the complement system to the key part of innate immunity. However, even small changes in this network may lead to severe disorders (e.g. auto-immune diseases), and some pathogens (mis-)use complement proteins for entering human cells. A detailed knowledge about the individual molecular interaction is therefore essential for the understanding of the complement cascade and for the development of therapeutic interventions against complementrelated diseases. Surface plasmon resonance biosensors are considered a key technology for characterizing such biomolecular interactions and are therefore used in complement research at a rapidly increasing pace. In addition to the label-free quantification of the affinity between two binding partners, SPR is able to generate kinetic profiles of these interactions. This review gives an introduction to SPR technology and shows its possibilities and applications followed by an illustration of
Regulation by Amino Acids of Protein Synthesis in a Cell-Free System from Immature Rat Brain: Stimulatory Effect of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glycine

There are several steps along the metabolic pathways of protein synthesis and degradation which can be regulated, directly or indirectly, by substances of low molecular weight. These include reactions at the operon level, where transcription of DNA into RNA may be affected,(1) and reactions at the substrate level, where the overabundance or short supply of a specific amino acid may act as a regulatory factor.(2–4) Recent data which hint at an interrelationship between neurochemical transmitter substances and protein metabolism(5,6) are of particular physiological interest. If acetylcholine, catecholamines, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), or any other potential neurochemical transmitter were to modify protein metabolism at or near nerve endings, one could envision numerous mechanisms by which the repeated use of a specific neuronal pathway would lead initially to changes in the local rate of protein synthesis, and, subsequently, perhaps, to an alteration in the “connectivity” or conductivity of these or adjacent neuronal pathways. The mechanisms would be similar to some that have been proposed to explain certain aspects of learning and habituation.(7)
Cumulative Doses of Ionizing Radiation From Computed Tomography: A Population-Based Study.

Abstract Objective To assess cumulative radiation doses from computed tomography (CT), patient characteristics, and clinical indications for CT in a population-based sample. Patients and Methods A cohort study using medical records linkage through the Rochester Epidemiology Project was conducted to ascertain all CT examinations in Olmsted County, Minnesota, performed between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013, among all adults who were alive for 3 or more years after the end of follow-up (to exclude exposures preceding death). Ten-year cumulative effective ionizing radiation doses were estimated on the basis of typical doses per CT modality. Among patients with high doses (≥100 mSv/10 years), CT scans were reviewed for clinical setting, indications, and results. Results Of 54,447 adults (median age, 44.0 years at inclusion), 26,377 (48.4%) underwent at least one CT. Ten-year radiation doses from CT were 0.1 to 9.9 mSv in 15.8% of the population (8593 patients), 10 to 24.9 mSv in 16.9% (9502), 25 to 99.9 mSv in 13.8% (7492), and 100 mSv or greater in 1.9% (1041). Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis accounted for 67.2% of the estimated dose. In multivariable models, doses differed 1.21-fold to 2.16-fold between extreme categories of age, body mass index, education level, smoking status, and by race. Of 600 CTs in 200 patients with high doses, 70.5% were obtained for restaging of solid cancers and lymphoma, abdominal pain, infection, kidney stones, follow-up of nodules or masses, and chest pain/evaluation for pulmonary embolism. Conclusion Exposure to ionizing radiation from CT occurred disproportionally in specific subgroups of the population. A limited number of clinical indications contributed the majority of radiation among adults with high doses.
Impact of Dosing Conversion From Basal Insulin to Follow-On Insulin Glargine.

Background:Several basal insulins have recently come to market including follow-on insulin glargine (Basaglar®). Currently, there is no real-world data published on the implications of conversion t...
Investigation of the diagnostic precision and utility of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the treatment of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).

9042 Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a relatively uncommon and aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine neoplasm with a high incidence of local recurrence and regional and distant metastasis....
Bench Comparison of Two Adult Endotracheal Tube Clearing Devices

Background: Two devices are available to clear partial occlusions of the adult endotracheal tube (ETT). Both devices claim the removal of secretions and biofilm from the ETT. There is limited information in the published literature about these devices and to our knowledge, no head to head comparisons on the performance of these devices to clear the lumen of a partially occluded ETT. We wanted to compare both devices in a bench model with simulated mucus for effectiveness to clear the ETT of a partial obstruction. Methods: A bench study was performed to test both devices: Restore 2, endOclear LLC (a balloon tipped catheter with a wiper) and CAM Rescue Cath, Omneotech (a balloon tipped catheter with mesh covering). A Drager V500 with volume-controlled settings was connected to an ASL 5000 test lung via an ETT. An adult size 8.0 ETT was tested with a sequence of 3 partial occlusions for each device. The occlusions were created with simulated mucus (a propylene glycol mixture that was colored blue - within the published range of human mucus viscosity). The occlusions were created by depositing approximately 2 mL of simulated mucus until there was a brief airway occlusion as noted on the ventilator. The devices were evaluated after a single pass of the catheter. Pressure-volume loops as well as breath to breath resistance measurements from the ventilator were used to evaluate the effectiveness of each device to clean the ETT lumen. Results: Average resistance measurements (cm H2O/L/s) for an 8.0 ETT with each device were as follows: CAM Rescue Cath: 23 (new ETT), 34 (ETT partially occluded), 24 (post ETT cleaning). Restore 2: 24 (new ETT), 34.5 (ETT partially occluded), 24.5 (post ETT cleaning). Both devices returned the measured resistance to within 1 cm H2O/L/s of a new ETT after clearing the partial obstructions of simulated mucus. Upon inspection of the endotracheal tubes post cleaning, the Restore 2 had no visible blue color remaining, but the CAM Rescue Cath left a visible film of blue throughout the endotracheal tube. See figure for a representative set of pressure-volume loops displaying the partial obstruction and the loop after cleaning the ETT. Conclusions: Both devices fully restored the original lumen of the ETT in our bench study after clearing a simulated partial occlusion based on the resistance measurements and pressure-volume loops. The Restore 2 visibly removed the blue coloring but with the CAM Rescue Cath a blue film was visible after cleaning.
Inline technique to evaluate the performance of scale inhibitors for calcium carbonate scale aggregation and prevention

Abstract Calcium carbonate scale is a problem in many industrial and domestic processes, as it precipitates from solution to form a hard deposit which grows on equipment surfaces. The potential for scale formation and aggregation is present whenever a solution becomes supersaturated. Scale formation and prevention creates a considerable capital, operation and maintenance problem. Achieving effective and economical scale control and removal is consequently a major concern for efficient and safe industrial operations. To prevent such potential problems, it is important to understand the mechanism of the calcium carbonate scaling process. This paper is part of the continued effort to understand calcium carbonate formation and mitigation related to oilfield operations. The paper describes the application of a new method, based on laser refraction measurement in transferring the signals to current, to determine the formation of calcium carbonate scale in high calcium brines. This method provides a real-time measurement of the magnitude of scaling crystals, and has been proven to be a sensitive method to monitor the initial stages of the precipitation process. This study focuses on the comparison between two techniques to evaluate formation and aggregation of scale in the presence and absence of scale inhibitors at different temperatures. Also, the efficiency of laser technique will be assessed as an effective tool for the scale and aggregation inhibitors performance and ranking, where the results will be compared with the offline measurement technique using a static test method.
Interweaving Multimodal Interaction With Flexible Unit Visualizations for Data Exploration

Multimodal interfaces that combine direct manipulation and natural language have shown great promise for data visualization. Such multimodal interfaces allow people to stay in the flow of their visual exploration by leveraging the strengths of one modality to complement the weaknesses of others. In this article, we introduce an approach that interweaves multimodal interaction combining direct manipulation and natural language with flexible unit visualizations. We employ the proposed approach in a proof-of-concept system, DataBreeze. Coupling pen, touch, and speech-based multimodal interaction with flexible unit visualizations, DataBreeze allows people to create and interact with both systematically bound (e.g., scatterplots, unit column charts) and manually customized views, enabling a novel visual data exploration experience. We describe our design process along with DataBreeze's interface and interactions, delineating specific aspects of the design that empower the synergistic use of multiple modalities. We also present a preliminary user study with DataBreeze, highlighting the data exploration patterns that participants employed. Finally, reflecting on our design process and preliminary user study, we discuss future research directions.
CAPECITABINE-INDUCED TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH CLASSIC APICAL BALLOONING

Abstract Recent epidemics of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya have heightened the need to understand the seasonal and geographic range of transmission by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. We use mechanistic transmission models to derive predictions for how the probability and magnitude of transmission for Zika, chikungunya, and dengue change with mean temperature, and we show that these predictions are well matched by human case data. Across all three viruses, models and human case data both show that transmission occurs between 18-34°C with maximal transmission occurring in a range from 26-29°C. Controlling for population size and two socioeconomic factors, temperature-dependent transmission based on our mechanistic model is an important predictor of human transmission occurrence and incidence. Risk maps indicate that tropical and subtropical regions are suitable for extended seasonal or year-round transmission, but transmission in temperate areas is limited to at most three months per year even if vectors are present. Such brief transmission windows limit the likelihood of major epidemics following disease introduction in temperate zones. Author Summary Understanding the drivers of recent Zika, dengue, and chikungunya epidemics is a major public health priority. Temperature may play an important role because it affects mosquito transmission, affecting mosquito development, survival, reproduction, and biting rates as well as the rate at which they acquire and transmit viruses. Here, we measure the impact of temperature on transmission by two of the most common mosquito vector species for these viruses, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. We integrate data from several laboratory experiments into a mathematical model of temperature-dependent transmission, and find that transmission peaks at 26-29°C and can occur between 18-34°C. Statistically comparing model predictions with recent observed human cases of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika across the Americas suggests an important role for temperature, and supports model predictions. Using the model, we predict that most of the tropics and subtropics are suitable for transmission in many or all months of the year, but that temperate areas like most of the United States are only suitable for transmission for a few months during the summer (even if the mosquito vector is present).
A Note on the Flann O’Brien Collection at the John J. Burns Library at Boston College

A Note on the Flann O’Brien Collection at the John J. Burns Library at Boston College to preface this special issue on Reading Brian O'Nolan's Library.To read the article, click Download or View PDF.
Integrating Advance Care Planning into Standard Outpatient Care for Adults with Congenital or Pediatric Heart Disease Followed in a Heart Failure and Transplant Clinic at a Tertiary Children’s Hospital

Background: The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients recommend that all ACHD patients complete an advance directive (AD) at a time when they are not acutely ill or hospitalized, so that they can communicate their wishes thoughtfully in a less stressful setting. Like ACHD patients, adults with congenital or pediatric heart disease with cardiomyopathy, heart failure (HF), and/or heart transplantation face substantial morbidity and mortality and should be engaged in advanced care planning (ACP) to complete ADs expressing their wishes for medical …
Cobalt supplementation in pre-weaned beef calves affects humoral immune response, feedlot health, and final carcass characteristics

Economic losses from bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle are $2 billion annually. Mineral supplementation during pre-weaning has potential to reduce sickness and improve health. Mineral cobalt (Co) is used by rumen-inhabiting microbes for the synthesis of vitamin B12, which is a cofactor for vital metabolic pathways in tissue carbohydrate and lipid metabolism required for maintenance and growth. Vitamin B12 is also vital for B cell proliferation to form plasma cells that secrete antibodies. Recent studies have shown that Co supplementation levels above NRC-recommended levels enhanced antibody response in weaned beef calves. The objective of this study was to evaluate if an oral Co (30 g CoO4) sustained-release bolus dosed preweaning affects humoral immune response during the post-weaning feeding period, reduces the incidence of BRD, and improves carcass characteristics.
Regulations of Programmed Cell Death by Interleukin-1β-Converting Enzyme Family of Proteases

Programmed cell death plays a significant role in morphogenesis and histogenesis during animal development (Hinchliffe, 1981). Well-known examples include cell death in chick limb development and during metamorphosis of the tadpole tail. In these examples, programmed cell death is directly involved in morphogenesis. Programmed cell death is also involved in the generation of specific tissues and organs including kidney (Coles et al., 1993; Koseki et al., 1992), lens epithelial cells (Ishizaki et al., 1993) and cartilage cells (Ishizaki et al, 1994). In addition, programmed cell death is also important for establishment of neural and immune system. During neural development, as much as 50% of originally generated neurons die (Cowan 1984; Hamburger and Oppenheim, 1982; Oppenheim, 1991). In the immune system, cell death occurs constantly to eliminate cells that may react against self-antigens (Duvall and Wyllie 1986; Cohen et al., 1992). Thus, programmed cell death during animal development may be as important as cell proliferation, growth and differentiation. Abnormally controlled programmed cell death may be underlaying causes of many diseases including neurodegenerative diseases.
Experiencing Early User Interfaces

The intention of this article is to provide a slightly different perspective for the Women in Design, User Experience, and Usability discussion. This paper not only describes examples of human communication with counting artifacts and other early computing machines but it also recounts specific personal experiences with interfaces from the author's career of over fifty five years working in information sciences.
The Boy Problem: Educating Boys in Urban America, 1870–1970

America's educational system has a problem with boys, and it's nothing new. The question of what to do with boys - the "boy problem" - has vexed educators and social commentators for more than a century. Contemporary debates about poor academic performance of boys, especially those of color, point to a myriad of reasons: inadequate and punitive schools, broken families, poverty, and cultural conflicts. Julia Grant offers a historical perspective on these debates and reveals that it is a perennial issue in American schooling that says much about gender and education today. Since the birth of compulsory schooling, educators have contended with what exactly to do with boys of immigrant, poor, minority backgrounds. Initially, public schools developed vocational education and organized athletics and technical schools as well as evening and summer continuation schools in response to the concern that the American culture of masculinity devalued academic success in school. Urban educators sought ways to deal with the "bad boys" - almost exclusively poor, immigrant, or migrant - who skipped school, exhibited behavioral problems when they attended, and sometimes landed in special education classes and reformatory institutions. The problems these boys posed led to accommodations in public education and juvenile justice system. This historical study sheds light on contemporary concerns over the academic performance of boys of color who now flounder in school or languish in the juvenile justice system. Grant's cogent analysis will interest education policy-makers and educators, as well as scholars of the history of education, childhood, gender studies, American studies, and urban history.
Rehabilitation Science Curriculum: University of Texas Medical Branch

This article describes the advanced graduate curriculum in rehabilitation science recently developed at the University of Texas Medical Branch. The need for the establishment of research based graduate programs in rehabilitation science is discussed in relation to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report titled Enabling America: Assessing the Role of Rehabilitation Science and Engineering. The conceptual framework for course development and faculty/student research in the rehabilitation science curriculum is based on the EnablingDisabling Model presented in the IOM report. This model has been adapted to include components of the World Health Organization’s revised International Classification of Functioning and Disability. The components and structure of the curriculum are described and information presented regarding admission and areas of research focus.
The center for human modeling and simulation

The overall goals of the Center for Human Modeling and Simulation are the investigation of computer graphics modeling, animation, and rendering techniques. Major focii are in behavior-based animation of human movement, modeling through physics-based techniques, applications of control theory techniques to dynamic models, illumination models for image synthesis, and understanding the relationship between human movement, natural language, and communication.
The bright side of emotional labor

Emotional labor (expressing emotions as part of one's job duties, as in “service with a smile”) can be beneficial for employees, organizations, and customers. Meta-analytical summaries reveal that deep acting (summoning up the appropriate feelings one wants to display) generally has positive outcomes. Unlike surface acting (faking emotions), deep acting does not harm employee well-being, and deep acting is positively related with job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job performance, and customer satisfaction. Emerging research also suggests that a third form of emotional labor, natural and genuine emotional labor, is a frequently used emotional labor strategy that has positive effects for both employees and customers. We examine how identity processes shape how employees experience emotional labor, and we maintain that when employees identify with their roles, emotional labor augments and affirms their identity. Person-job fit is an important moderator that influences whether emotional labor enhances or hinders employee well-being. Emotional labor may also have positive outcomes when organizations grant more autonomy and adopt positive display rules that call for the expression of positive emotions. Recent research also indicates that emotional labor strategies may improve leadership effectiveness. Research opportunities on the bright side of emotional labor are abundant.
The Impact of A 12-Month Exposure to A Diurnal Pattern of Ozone on Pulmonary Function, Antioxidant Biochemistry and Immunology

Rats were exposed for 12 months, 13 hr/day, 7 days/week to 0.06 ppm O/sub 3/; Monday through Friday, the animals received a 9-hr spike reaching a maximum concentration of 0.25 ppm. An increase in the rate of lung nitrogen washout was observed in the O/sub 3/-exposed rats. Residual volume and total lung capacity were reduced. Glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities were increased but pulmonary superoxide dismutase was unchanged. Alpha tocopherol levels were decreased in lung lavage supernatant and unchanged in lavaged cells, however, ascorbic acid and lavage fluid protein was increased. Immunological changes were not observed. Thus, chronic exposure to O/sub 3/ caused (1) functional lung changes indicative of a stiffer lung; (2) biochemical changes suggestive of increased antioxidant metabolism; and (3) no observable immunological changes.
Measuring Narrative Believability: Development and Validation of the Narrative Believability Scale (NBS-12)

Believability has been proposed as a factor influencing the persuasiveness of narratives. A measure of narrative believability was developed and validated. Study 1 details the construction and evaluation of the Narrative Believability Scale (NBS-12) in terms of internal consistency. Study 2 evaluates the criterion-related and construct validity of the scale. Study 3 tests the predictive validity of the measure for identifying juror verdicts and verdict confidence over and above the influence of other measures, including presentation order, attorney credibility, bias, and transportation. The NBS-12 was found to be a psychometrically robust measure of narrative believability and was able to predict variance in verdicts and verdict confidence. These results have implications for narrative persuasion research and understanding juror decision making.
Production and localization of cGMP and PGE2 in nitroprusside-stimulated rat colonic ion transport

Nitrovasodilators, such as sodium nitroprusside (SNP), release nitric oxide (NO) and stimulate intestinal electrolyte transport. However, the second messengers involved in this process are unknown....
Expression of heat shock proteins and heat shock protein messenger ribonucleic acid in human prostate carcinoma in vitro and in tumors in vivo

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are thought to play a role in the development of cancer and to modulate tumor response to cytotoxic therapy. In this study, we have examined the expression of hsf and HSP genes in normal human prostate epithelial cells and a range of prostate carcinoma cell lines derived from human tumors. We have observed elevated expressions of HSF1, HSP60, and HSP70 in the aggressively malignant cell lines PC-3, DU-145, and CA-HPV-10. Elevated HSP expression in cancer cell lines appeared to be regulated at the post–messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels, as indicated by gene chip microarray studies, which indicated little difference in heat shock factor (HSF) or HSP mRNA expression between the normal and malignant prostate cell lines. When we compared the expression patterns of constitutive HSP genes between PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells growing as monolayers in vitro and as tumor xenografts growing in nude mice in vivo, we found a marked reduction in expression of a wide spectrum of the HSPs in PC-3 tumors. This decreased HSP expression pattern in tumors may underlie the increased sensitivity to heat shock of PC-3 tumors. However, the induction by heat shock of HSP genes was not markedly altered by growth in the tumor microenvironment, and HSP40, HSP70, and HSP110 were expressed abundantly after stress in each growth condition. Our experiments indicate therefore that HSF and HSP levels are elevated in the more highly malignant prostate carcinoma cells and also show the dominant nature of the heat shock–induced gene expression, leading to abundant HSP induction in vitro or in vivo.
Apolipoprotein C-I binds more strongly to phospholipid/triolein/water than triolein/water interfaces: a possible model for inhibiting cholesterol ester transfer protein activity and triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein uptake.

Apolipoprotein C-I (apoC-I) is an important constituent of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and is involved in the accumulation of cholesterol ester in nascent HDL via inhibition of cholesterol ester transfer protein and potential activation of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). As the smallest exchangeable apolipoprotein (57 residues), apoC-I transfers between lipoproteins via a lipid-binding motif of two amphipathic α-helices (AαHs), spanning residues 7-29 and 38-52. To understand apoC-I's behavior at hydrophobic lipoprotein surfaces, oil drop tensiometry was used to compare the binding to triolein/water (TO/W) and palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine/triolein/water (POPC/TO/W) interfaces. When apoC-I binds to either interface, the surface tension (γ) decreases by ~16-18 mN/m. ApoC-I can be exchanged at both interfaces, desorbing upon compression and readsorbing on expansion. The maximal surface pressures at which apoC-I begins to desorb (Π(max)) were 16.8 and 20.7 mN/m at TO/W and POPC/TO/W interfaces, respectively. This suggests that apoC-I interacts with POPC to increase its affinity for the interface. ApoC-I is more elastic on POPC/TO/W than TO/W interfaces, marked by higher values of the elasticity modulus (e) on oscillations. At POPC/TO/W interfaces containing an increasing POPC:TO ratio, the pressure at which apoC-I begins to be ejected increases as the phospholipid surface concentration increases. The observed increase in apoC-I interface affinity due to higher degrees of apoC-I-POPC interactions may explain how apoC-I can displace larger apolipoproteins, such as apoE, from lipoproteins. These interactions allow apoC-I to remain bound to the interface at higher Π values, offering insight into apoC-I's rearrangement on triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins as they undergo Π changes during lipoprotein maturation by plasma factors such as lipoprotein lipase.
Building Peace in Angola: The Role of the Exhumation Process in Kuito

Angola endured more than 40 years of nearly constant war and is now in the process of building peace. The city of Kuito paid an especially heavy price when 20,000 to 30,000 people lost their lives there during an 18-month siege (1993-1994) and were buried in hastily dug graves scattered around the city. The exhumation of the bodies and their reburial in a special cemetery have allowed for proper mourning of the dead, offering the living the opportunity to move forward with their lives. The power of the exhumations in Kuito differs from recent cases in which countries have dug up the dead in search of truth and/or justice. Instead, the reburial and mourning of those who died in Kuito's siege was central to a process of individual and collective reconciliation. At the same time, the deceased took their rightful place as national martyrs and, thus, transformed the image of Kuito as a city of the dead to one in which the living have put the past in its proper place. In this article, I describe Kuito's exhumat...
Sequence-dependent variations associated with H2A/H2B depletion of nucleosomes.

Mechanisms that can alter nucleosome structure to enhance DNA accessibility are of great interest because of their potential involvement in genomic processes. One such mechanism is H2A/H2B release from nucleosomes; it occurs in vivo and is involved in the in vitro activities of several transcription-associated complexes. Using fluorescence approaches based on Forster resonance energy transfer, we previously detected sequence-dependent structure/stability variations between 5S and two types of promoter nucleosomes (from yeast GAL10 or mouse mammary tumor virus promoters). Those variations included differing responses when nucleosomes were diluted to concentrations (sub-nM) known to produce H2A/H2B loss. Here, we show that treatment of these same three types of nucleosomes with the histone chaperone yNAP-1, which causes H2A/H2B release from nucleosomes in vitro, produces the same differential Forster resonance energy transfer responses, again demonstrating sequence-dependent variations associated with conditions that produce H2A/H2B loss. Single-molecule population data indicate that DNA dynamics on the particles produced by diluting nucleosomes to sub-nM concentrations follow two-state behavior. Rate information (determined by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) suggests that these dynamics are enhanced in MMTV-B or GAL10 compared to 5S particles. Taken together, the results indicate that H2A/H2B loss has differing effects on 5S compared to these two promoter nucleosomes and the differences reflect sequence-dependent structure/stability variations in the depleted particles.
A Tobacco Ornithine Decarboxylase Partial cDNA Clone

A partial cDNA clone encoding ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) has been isolated and sequenced from Nicotiana tabaccum. This 961 by long cDNA contained an open reading frame in only one of the six possible frames. Sequence comparisons have shown it to be very similar with other ODCs, and most similar to that from Datura. The present sequence is a partial sequence containing only 3′ half of the cDNA.
Self-Assembly of Ligand-Bridged Molecular Rectangles Containing fac-Re(CO)(3) Corners.

A series of molecular rectangles have been synthesized by self-assembly using Re(CO)5OTf, 4,4‘-bipyridine and an alcohol or water. The rectangles have been characterized by elemental analysis as well as IR, 1H NMR and UV−visible spectroscopies, and in one case cyclic voltammetry and an X-ray structure determination. These complexes are representatives of a new structural class of molecular parallelograms containing the unusual combination of carbon monoxide and alkoxide ligands around a Re(I) center.
Comparison of experimental and computational compressible flow in a S-duct

This paper describes experimental measurements of secondary flow in a constant area, circular cross-section 30-30 deg S-duct, and compares the results obtained with the computations performed using the PEPSIG code, a parabolized Navier-Stokes code. The flow entering the duct was turbulent, with entrance Mach number of 0.6, and the boundary layer thickness at the duct entrance was 10 percent of the duct diameter. The duct mean radius of curvature to the duct diameter was 5.077. Flow parameters were measured at six stations along the length of the duct. These measurements were made using a five-port cone probe. At least ten radial traverses were made at each station on both sides of the symmetry plane. Wall static pressures along three azimuth angles of zero, 90, and 180 deg along the duct were measured. Plots presenting the secondary velocity field as well as contour plots of the total and static-pressure fields have been obtained. Strong secondary flows were observed in the first bend, and these continued into the second bend with the formation of new vorticity in the opposite sense in the second bend. The flow exiting the duct contained two pairs of counter-rotating vortices. The computational results are in general agreement with the experiments. However, it appears that the computations underestimate the extent of the pressure distortion, due to simplifications made in the pressure field calculations.
Timing estimation for a filtered Poisson process in Gaussian noise

The problem of estimation of time shift of an inhomogeneous casually filtered Poisson process in the presence of additive Gaussian noise is discussed. Approximate expressions for the likelihood function, the MAP estimator, and the MMSE estimator that becomes increasingly accurate as the per-unit-time density of superimposed filter responses becomes small are obtained. The optimal MAP estimator takes the form of a cascade of linear and memoryless nonlinear components. For smooth point process intensities, the performance of the MAP estimator is studied via local bias and local variance. A rate distortion type lower bound on the MSE of any estimator of time delay is then derived by identification of a communications channel that accounts for the mapping from time delay to observation process. Results of numerical studies of estimator performance are presented. Based on the examples considered it is concluded: (1) the small-error MSE of the nonlinear MAP estimator can be significantly better than the small-error MSE of the optimal linear estimator: (2) the rate distortion lower bound can be significantly tighter than the Poisson limited bounds determined in previous studies. >
New method to characterize microbial diversity using flow cytometry

The majority of microorganisms have yet to be cultivated and represent a vast uncharacterized and untapped resource. Here, we report the utilization of a combination of flow cytometry, cultivation, and molecular genetics to develop new methodologies to access and characterize biodiversity in microbial samples. We demonstrate that fluorescent dyes and combinations of dyes can selectively stain portions of bacterial populations that can be isolated as sub-populations using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Microbial sub-populations obtained by FACS differ substantially from the original microbial population, as demonstrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and determination of 16S rRNA gene sequences. These sub-populations can subsequently be used to inoculate microbial growth media, allowing the isolation of different microbial species from those that can be readily cultivated from the original sample using the same microbial growth media. When this technique was applied to the analysis of activated-sludge and Yellowstone Lake hydrothermal vent samples, comparative analysis of 16S rDNA sequences revealed that FACS allowed the detection of numerous bacterial species, including previously unknown species, not readily detectable in the original sample due to low relative abundance. This approach may result in a convenient methodology to more thoroughly characterize microbial biodiversity.
Attention-related electroencephalographic and event-related potential predictors of responsiveness to suggested posthypnotic amnesia

Abstract Higher frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) activity around 40 Hz has been shown to play a role in cognitive functions such as attention. Furthermore, event-related brain potential (ERP) components such as Nl and PI are sensitive to selective attention. In the present study, 40-Hz EEG measures and early ERP components were employed to relate selective attention to hypnotic response. Participants were 20 low hypnotizable individuals, half assigned as simulators, and 21 high hypnotizable individuals. Each of these groups was subsequently divided into two groups based on recognition amnesia scores. The four groups differed in 40-Hz (36-44 Hz) EEG spectral amplitude recorded during preinduction resting conditions but not in EEG amplitude postinduction. The groups also differed in Nl amplitudes recorded during hypnosis. Regression analysis revealed that these effects only distinguish the high hypnotizable participants who experienced recognition amnesia from all other groups. The findings support t...
Structural Investigation of Crystalline and Solution Phases in N,N,N‘,N‘-Tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) with Lithium Triflate (LiCF3SO3) and Sodium Triflate (NaCF3SO3)

Linear poly(N-methylethylenimine) (LPMEI), a methylated derivative of linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI), shows potential as a polymer electrolyte host. The interactions of LPMEI with lithium and sodium cations are modeled by solutions of N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethylethylenediamine, TMEDA, containing either dissolved lithium triflate (LiTf) or sodium triflate (NaTf). During these studies, crystalline compounds were discovered and characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The TMEDA:LiTf crystallizes as dimers in an orthorhombic unit cell in the Pccn space group; however, the TMEDA:NaTf crystallizes as tetramers in a triclinic unit cell in the P1 space group. A spectroscopic comparison of TMEDA, TMEDA:LiTf crystal, TMEDA:NaTf crystal, and their corresponding salt solutions over a composition range of 5:1 to 20:1 (nitrogen:cation, molar ratio) is carried out using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. The triple cation species [Li2Tf]+ is the ...