cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A method of microscopic evaluation of effects of demineralizers on complex carbohydrates of rat tissues.

SUMMARY Mandibles, salivary glands, trachea, costal cartilages and kidneys of young adult, male, sibling rats were fixed in chilled, modified Lavdowsky's solution. The mandibles and blocks from the other tissues were then exposed to one of four demineralizers: Win 3000 and 20% formic acid, Greep's solution, 5% nitric acid and 10% EDTA. For comparison with demineralized tissues, a replicate set of tissues, other than mandibles, from each animal was processed without exposure to demineralizers. Paraffin sections of all tissues were stained with Alcian blue at pH 2–6 and at pH 0.5, with PAS and with Mowry's revised colloidal iron. The effect of the demineralizers on the staining intensities, tinctorial qualities, and cellular details were studied by pairwise comparison of each slide of a common tissue-stain group with every other slide of the group. A comparison microscope was used and a numerically expressed preference ranking was obtained for each slide. Analysis of variance tests and Duncan's new multiple range tests were applied to determine the preferred demineralizers. Scoring results of the mandibles indicated that Win 3000 and 20% formic acid was either the preferred demineralizer or in each case not significantly different from the preferred one. Reliability of the findings was reduced because of inconsistencies among soft tissues not exposed to any demineralizer.
Separation of Cavitation‐Strain and Creep‐Strain During Deformation

A significant fraction of the strain in high-temperature deformation may arise from cavitation. A methodology is described for separating the creep strain from the cavitation strain. Such a distinction is necessary because cavitation and creep are mechanistically different processes.
A recovery model for extended real-time transactions

A central problem in the design of fault-tolerant real-time systems is that desirable fault tolerance properties are usually realized by mechanisms that counteract real-time guarantees. A prominent example is the all-or-nothing property (also known as failure atomicity), known from transactions. This property normally is realized by the means of isolation and roll-back recovery. However, isolation often unnecessarily decreases the degree of permitted concurrency and results in missed deadlines. Roll-back recovery implies that work is lost and has to be re-done, again leading to missed deadlines. So-called extended transaction models supersede isolation, but their recovery model induces an increased amount of roll-back recovery. In this paper, we present a fundamentally new recovery model to provide the all-or-nothing property without requiring isolation. Based on an active replication technique, we provide a forward error recovery that avoids unnecessary roll-backs by replacing cancelled primary computations with hot-stand-by alternate computations.
Conflict of Interest in Urology

Purpose: We provide an overview of the current landscape of conflicts of interest relevant to urology practitioners and researchers.Materials and Methods: We conducted an extensive literature review to gather data to define the current state of conflicts of interest in the urological community and beyond.Results: In this work we examine the history and emergence of conflicts of interest in the public forum. In addition, we elucidate and define the types of conflicts of interest that exist. We examine the effects of conflicts of interest on practice patterns and on peer reviewed literature. We outline the current conflict of interest policies that exist. Finally, we discuss future trends in the management of conflicts of interest that will be important in the urological community.Conclusions: Conflicts of interest in the field of urology are prevalent and are becoming increasingly important to manage.
Dinitro­sylbis[tris­(4-chloro­phen­yl)phosphane]iron

The title dinitrosyl iron diphosphane complex, [Fe(NO)2(C18H12Cl3P)2] or Fe(NO)2 L 2 [L = P(C6H4-p-Cl)3] belongs to the family of metal dinitrosyl compounds with the general formula Fe(NO)2(L)x, referred to collectively as dinitrosyl iron compounds (DNICs). The iron atom is tetra­hedrally coordinated by two phosphane ligands and two NO groups with Fe—N—O bond angles of 178.76 (15) and 177.67 (14)°.
Quantifying Impact of Natural Disasters Such as a Hurricane on a Society

There is an interest in quantifying the impact of natural disasters. The impact not limited to physical destructiveness. The impact extends to economy in the long term, and the psychology of the population. In this article we derive a general theory of quantification of the impact of natural disasters from the infirmation theory and probabilistic theories approach.
Control of immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gene expression.

The N-terminus of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H) and light chains is highly variable and determines antigen-binding specificity. The C-terminus of H chains has a constant amino acid sequence that is responsible for determining effector activities such as the localization of the immunoglobulin molecule and the type of secondary pathways activated. The variable region of Ig genes is encoded by multiple germline elements that are assembled into complete V(D)J variable region genes during precursor (pre)-B cell differentiation. Both Ig H and L chain variable region gene segments, as well as related gene segments that encode T cell receptor (TCR) variable regions, have been shown to be assembled by a common enzymatic ctivity referred to as VDJ recombinase. The ability of a single VDJ recombinase to assemble particular gene segments in appropriate cell types and stages within lymphoid lineages is proposed to be effected by modulating the accessibility of substrate gene segments to the common VDJ recombinase. This accessibility has been correlated with transcription of target unrear-ranged gene segments,1 both with respect to endogenous genes as well as in transfected recombination substrates.2,3
Abstract NS4: Effectiveness in Using a Staff Nurse Coach for Clinical Trial Implementation: A Winning Strategy

Background: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of significant life-long disability in the United States. Current treatment options are limited, especially for patients with large stroke and brain edema. The GAMES Pilot Study (Glyburide Advantage in Malignant Edema and Stroke Pilot) was a multicenter Phase IIa trial designed to test the feasibility of enrolling, evaluating and treating with RP-1127 (glyburide for injection). This trial depended on the expertise of the Neuroscience ICU nursing staff to comply with extensive study trial interventions which included: hourly measurements of glucose, daily acquisition of MRIs, and titration of study drug. The goal of this performance improvement project was to evaluate the effectiveness of having a staff nurse function as a unit based clinical trial coach to facilitate clinical trial implementation. Methods: Effectiveness of using a staff nurse as a clinical trial coach was determined by assessing the ability to safely enroll 10 study patients with completion of study interventions. The coach was a senior RN and was taught the fundamentals of good clinical practices. The following interventions were developed and implemented by the GAMES coach: 1) facilitated 5 meetings with study staff, ICU management, radiology, and “bed control” to identify barriers for secured admission to Neuroscience ICU and transporting daily to MRI, 2) provided >10 staff nurse inservices, 3) designed study documents, 4) developed resource educational materials about study drug and interventions, and 5) provided expert support to colleagues during enrollment. Results: The GAMES Pilot Study enrolled 10 patients. The GAMES coach facilitated inservices to > 85% of the neuroscience ICU staff. 100% of study participants were admitted to the Neuroscience ICU. Staff nurses were 100% compliant in obtaining and documenting glucose measurements. Compliance with obtaining MRIs was 100%. Conclusion: Using a staff nurse as a clinical trial coach allowed early identification and removal of barriers for study enrollment. The GAMES Pilot Study coach was instrumental in garnering enthusiasm and support for implementation of a stroke trial. As a result of this study, acute stroke trials will always have a study coach identified.
Pulmonary endothelial nitric oxide production is developmentally regulated in the fetus and newborn

To define the role of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) in developmental changes in pulmonary vascular resistance and oxygen responsiveness, we determined the ontogeny of endothelial NO production and of oxygen modulation of that process in pulmonary arteries from fetal and newborn lambs. NO production was assessed by measuring endothelium-dependent arterial guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate synthesis. Basal NO rose two-fold from late gestation to 1 wk of age and another 1.6-fold from 1 to 4 wk. Acetylcholine-stimulated NO also increased 1.6-fold from 1 to 4 wk. The maturational rise in NO was evident at high Po2 in vitro, and it was not modified by L-arginine. This suggests that the developmental increase may alternatively involve enhanced calcium-calmodulin-mediated mechanisms, increased expression of NO synthase, or greater availability of required cofactor(s). With an acute decline in Po2 in vitro from 680 to 150 or 40 mmHg, there was 50-88% attenuation of basal and acetylcholine-stimulated NO late in the third trimester and in the newborn but not early in the third trimester. Parallel studies of mesenteric endothelium revealed postnatal increases in basal and stimulated NO but no decline in NO at lower Po2. Ontogenic changes in endothelial NO production and in oxygen modulation of that process may be involved in the maturational decrease in vascular resistance and the development of oxygen responsiveness in the pulmonary circulation.
Cholinergic regulation of human proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion.

Cephalic-vagal stimulation affects a number of upper gastrointestinal secretory and motility events. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of vagal-cholinergic regulation on human proximal duodenal mucosal HCO-3 secretion. The duodenal bulb was isolated between balloons and perfused with 154 mM NaCl, and HCO-3 secretion was measured. Although cholinergic stimulation with bethanechol (50 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 iv) produced systemic effects, resting HCO-3 secretion was unchanged. Cephalic-vagal stimulation, induced by sham feeding, significantly increased duodenal HCO-3 secretion from a basal of 177 +/- 17 to 240 +/- 19 mumols.cm-1.h-1 (P less than 0.02). The response to sham feeding was approximately 50% of the peak response to acid-stimulated HCO-3 output. Atropine (22 micrograms/kg iv) inhibited basal HCO-3 secretion significantly (79 +/- 5%). However, the net incremental increases in duodenal mucosal HCO-3 secretion in response to luminal acidification and vagal stimulation were unaltered by atropine pretreatment. Additionally, indomethacin (100 mg po) failed to modify the response to vagal-stimulated HCO-3 secretion. These findings indicate that basal human proximal duodenal mucosal HCO-3 secretion is maintained largely by resting cholinergic innervation and is stimulated by cephalic-vagal stimulation. Furthermore, since the incremental HCO-3 responses to cephalic-vagal stimulation and luminal acidification were unaltered by atropine pretreatment, each is likely mediated by noncholinergic mechanisms.
LP-Theory of Schrödinger Operators with a Singular Potential

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on L p -theory of Schrodinger operators with a singular potential. The results obtained from this theory are fairly satisfactory: the maximal operator T p is m -accretive for all p and generates a bounded holomorphic semigroup, while the minimal operator T p,min (it it exists) has closure T p (for p T p generates a holomorphic semigroup. This implies that λ + T p is injective if λ is sufficiently large.
Mucoproteins of Human Plasma. III. Electrophoretic Studies of Mucoproteins from Perchloric Acid Filtrates of Plasma.

SummaryThe electrophoretic behavior of mucoproteins isolated from perchloric acid filtrates of human plasma has been studied over the pH range of 2 to 8.4. There are at least 3 electrophoretic components in such preparations, the isoelectric points being approximately 2.3, 3.4 and 4.3. The major component has the lowest isoelectric point and travels with a mobility characteristic of α1-globulin at pH 8.4. The increase in the mucoprotein level isolated from the plasma of a patient with gastric cancer was largely in this acid mucoprotein fraction.
Functional Nerve Regeneration Through Frozen-Dried Nerve Grafts in Gats and Monkeys.∗

SummaryFull functional recovery may be obtained in cats and monkeys after the bridging of a nerve gap of several centimeters by grafts of frozen-dried nerve, stored for several months and rehydrated before use.
King Coal: A Study of Mountaintop Removal, Public Discourse, and Power in Appalachia

Extant literature shows the exploitative nature of coal mining in central Appalachia, yet the coal industry continues to dominate West Virginia. Fusing conceptual work on culture and power, this research extends the existing literature by examining how the coal industry is able to secure its hegemony. The coal industry relies on several salient mechanisms to establish a normative culture of coal. However, the destructive practice of mountaintop removal prompts some residents to join grass-roots environmental organizations and speak out against Big Coal in the region. Using newspaper coverage, public relations documents, direct observation, and in-depth interviews, findings highlight the contradictions between the coal industry’s pro-coal discourse and respondents’ lived experiences. Results show how culture, discourse, and material conditions sustain the power of the coal industry in West Virginia.
GM-CSF and ipilimumab therapy in metastatic melanoma: Clinical outcomes and immunologic responses

ABSTRACTWe conducted a phase II clinical trial of anti-CTLA-4 antibody (ipilimumab) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in 22 patients with metastatic melanoma and determined clinical outcomes and immunologic responses. The treatment consisted of a 3-mo induction with ipilimumab at 10 mg/kg administered every 3 weeks for four doses in combination with GM-CSF at 125 µg/m2 for 14 d beginning on the day of the ipilimumab infusion and then GM-CSF for 3 mo on the same schedule without ipilimumab. This was followed by maintenance therapy with the combination every 3 mo for up to 2 y or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Blood samples for determination of immune subsets were obtained before treatment, at week 3 (end of cycle 1) and at week 6 (end of cycle 2). Blood samples were also obtained from seven subjects who were cancer-free. The immune response disease control (irDC) rate at 24 weeks was 41% and the overall response rate (ORR) was 32%. The median progression fre...
Discordance on FMRI and Wada Tests of Language Dominance in a Large Epilepsy Cohort (S46.005)

Objective: To quantify discordance between fMRI and Wada language tests, identify factors associated with discordance, and compare the predictive value of each test in discordant cases. Background FMRI assessment of language dominance has begun to replace the traditional Wada test, but the incidence of discordance and factors underlying discordance between these tests have not been well defined. Design/Methods: Participants were 229 epilepsy patients who underwent both fMRI and Wada language testing. The fMRI protocol used a semantic decision task contrasted with a tone decision task. Patients were classified as left dominant, right dominant, or symmetric based on cutoff values applied to the lateralization index (LI, range -100 to +100) from each test. Results were discordant if the two tests failed to classify the patient in the same dominance category AND the LIs from the two tests differed by more than 50 units. A variety of Wada and fMRI quality measures were assessed for association with discordance. Regression formulas for predicting postoperative naming outcome were computed for each test based on data from the 56 left anterior temporal lobectomy patients in whom the tests were concordant, and these formulas were used to compare predicted and observed outcomes in patients with discordant fMRI and Wada. Results: Discordant results occurred in 30/229 patients (13.1%). The main predictor of discordance was the fMRI LI (p Conclusions: FMRI and Wada language dominance tests are generally concordant, though fMRI appears to be more sensitive for detecting atypical dominance. Overall, fMRI may provide a more accurate prediction of postoperative language outcome. Supported by: NIH grant R01 NS035929. Disclosure: Dr. Binder has nothing to disclose. Dr. Janecek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Swanson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sabsevitz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hammeke has nothing to disclose.
The Three-Dimensional Evolution of Oblique Waves in Plane Wakes

We investigate the two- and three-dimensional evolution of an oblique wavy perturbation to a plane vorticity field. We first discuss the case of a plane mixing layer, which, if perturbed by an oblique wave only, forms an oblique Kelvin-Helmholtz roller with swirl that contains streamwise vorticity of the opposite sign from the connecting braid vorticity layer. If an additional spanwise perturbation is introduced, the braid region becomes subject to a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of its own, which leads to the formation of streamwise braid vortices all of the same sign. In addition, a wavy modulation of the oblique roller’s core is observed which resembles a vortex breakdown situation. For the plane wake, an oblique wave only leads to the evolution of an oblique Karman vortex street, in which the streamwise vorticity is again of opposite sign in the core and in the braid. As for the mixing layer, an additional spanwise perturbation wave leads to the formation of concentrated braid vortices, which are all of the same sign on the same side of the wake, but of opposite sign on opposite sides.
The Ebb and Flow of Environmentalism

This essay examines the pattern of ebb and flow in the environmental movement in the United States. Although the movement has experienced periods of expansion and contraction over the last century, environmentalism has sustained significant mobilization with the evolution of its organizational forms and tactics. Mass demonstrations and other forms of public protest defined the emergence of the modern environmental movement in the 1960s and early 1970s, and grassroots action remains important, particularly in response to the urgency of climate change. However, the movement has also relied increasingly on institutionalized organizational forms and conventional tactics such as litigation and lobbying. Some critics argue that decentralized networks and disruptive tactics are essential for inspiring a new era of impassioned environmental activism, while others contend that the complexity of current environmental problems requires more formalized structures and focused legislative advocacy. We conclude that the diversity of organizational forms and activities in the environmental movement has maintained the movement over many decades, and that this diversity can aid in effecting comprehensive change.
Dendritic Cells from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients Are Normal Regardless of Ig V Gene Mutation Status

Patients with B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) segregate into 2 subgroups based on the mutational status of the immunoglobulin (Ig) V genes and the patients in these subgroups follow very different clinical courses. To examine whether dendritic cells (DCs) generated from CLL patients can be candidates for immune therapy, we compared the phenotypic and functional capacities of DCs generated from patients of the 2 CLL subgroups (normal age-matched subjects [normal-DCs]). Our data show that immature DCs from B-CLL patients (B-CLL-DCs) have the same capacity to take up antigen as those from normal controls. Furthermore, B-CLL-DCs generated from the 2 CLL subgroups up-regulated MHC-II, CD80, CD86, CD83, CD40, and CD54 and down-regulated CD206 in response to stimulation with a cocktail of cytokines (CyC) and secreted increased levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-12 (p70), and RANTES in a manner typical of mature normal-DCs. Interestingly, CD54 was significantly more up-regulated by CyC in B-CLL-DCs compared with normal-DCs. Except for CD54, no significant differences in surface molecule expression were observed between normal-DCs and B-CLL-DCs. B-CLL-DCs from both subgroups, including 6 patients with VH1-69, that usually fare poorly, presented tetanus toxoid to autologous T cells in vitro similar to normal-DCs. Our data show that DCs generated from the B-CLL subgroup with unmutated Ig V genes are functionally normal. These results are very promising for the use of DCs from patients with poor prognosis for immunotherapy.
On Improving Measure Quality by Alternating Least Squares Optimal Scaling

This paper presents a discussion of principal component analysis by alternating least squares optimal scaling (PRINCIPALS) and its application to measure development.
Video Communication Networks

In this presentation, a broad overview of video communication networks is provided. Numerous video communication applications are currently being developed including digital television, video streaming, video-on-demand, and video conferencing. Efficient storage and communication requires video data to be represented in compressed form. Various video compression standards have been developed by industrial organizations. However, among them the MPEG-2 compression standard still remains the most popular. It is currently the most powerful compression scheme for high-quality data representation and has been adopted by HDTV and DVD. For simplicity, this presentation will focus primarily on the MPEG-2 video compression standard. The basic techniques used for video communication are illustrated over a variety of communication networks: Hybrid Fiber-Coax, Digital Subscriber Loop, Wireless, Fiber Optics, Integrated Services Digital Network, ATM, and Internet Protocol networks. The quality of video communications, especially over the Internet, is of critical concern for practical applications. Numerous protocols designed to allow users to enhance the quality-of-service of video transmission over communication networks have been proposed. Several of these protocols are described including MBONE, Real-Time Transport Protocol, Real-Time Transport Control Protocol, Real-Time Streaming Protocol, Session Initiation Protocol, Resource Reservation Protocol, and DiffServ Protocol.
Thallium-201 Myocardial Imaging: Comparison of the High Sensitivity and High Resolution Collimators

Thallium-201 myocardial images of 20 patients undergoing treadmill exercise were evaluated as to the ability of the high sensitivity collimator (HSC) to reveal perfusion defects compared to images obtained using the high resolution collimator (HRC). The study acquired 200,000 count images in the anterior, 45/sup 0/ left anterior oblique, and left lateral projections. Average acquisition times were: HSC 3.41 min, and HRC 6.08 min. Fifteen patients who had clearly visible perfusion defects using the HRC showed degraded definition or appreciable loss of definition of the same defects when using the HSC.
A field experiment of the power of narratives to shape newcomers' thoughts and actions

This research draws from construal level theory and social identity theory to present and test a framework for understanding how different narratives to which organizational newcomers are exposed e...
The Volume Of TV Advertisements During The ACA's First Enrollment Period Was Associated With Increased Insurance Coverage.

The launch of the Affordable Care Act was accompanied by major insurance information campaigns by government, nonprofit, political, news media, and private-sector organizations, but it is not clear to what extent these efforts were associated with insurance gains. Using county-level data from the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey and broadcast television airings data from the Wesleyan Media Project, we examined the relationship between insurance advertisements and county-level health insurance changes between 2013 and 2014, adjusting for other media and county- and state-level characteristics. We found that counties exposed to higher volumes of local insurance advertisements during the first open enrollment period experienced larger reductions in their uninsurance rates than other counties. State-sponsored advertisements had the strongest relationship with declines in uninsurance, and this relationship was driven by increases in Medicaid enrollment. These results support the importance of strategi...
Can Stephen Colbert Bring Back Stephen Colbert? Alternate, Fictional Personas in Copyright

This Note argues that Stephen Colbert should have the right to use his former Comedy Central persona on his new CBS show. Creator-performers of characters that are fictionalized versions of their own, real personas should not lose their rights to these characters because of copyright law. Traditional concerns associated with a need for copyright (for example, the danger of unapproved copying) are not present where the author’s presence is essential to performance of the character, as is certainly the case here. Nobody can play the fictional Stephen Colbert character but the real Colbert. An artist like Colbert must be free to use his character.
Isometries of ℓp-norm

(1994). Isometries of lp-norm. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 101, No. 5, pp. 452-453.
International Service Research — Status Quo, Developments, and Consequences for the Emerging Services Science

In recent years the term “services science” has been talked about in the context of a need for a new branch of science. Services science seems to be something totally new. This strong demand for the establishment of services science appears to be the result of a perceived science deficit, an expression of the conviction that no specific service-oriented science exists. Therefore, in order to assess the potential of the proclaimed new science, there are two different tasks that need to be fulfilled. Firstly, we need to specify exactly what kind of science deficit exits. Secondly, we need a precise definition of the meaning of services science. Only then will it be possible to answer the question of whether services science is able to resolve this deficit. Both tasks are difficult. They cannot be managed by a single person. They require extensive discussion within the scientific community and its partners from the business world. To stimulate this discussion, the following five propositions are presented, some of which are intentionally controversial.
The isolation and partial characterization of naturally-evolved outer membrane blebs of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Several Gram negative bacteria form and release outer membrane blebs during growth in vitro, though, little is known about the function or significance of this phenomenon. This study considered naturally-evolved blebs released by Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains JS1 and FA638. The quantity of blebs formed during growth was determined, and blebs were isolated for analysis of protein content and antigenicity. Electron microscopy revealed that blebs were released from organisms during log phase growth. The blebs ranged in size from 70–120 nm in diameter, and blebs harvested at different times appeared to differ in content. Wet mass, UV absorbance, and scanning densitometry determinations showed that JS1, a Protein IB-bearing strain, formed about two times more blebs than did the Protein IA-bearing strain, FA638. Blebs, isolated by differential centrifugation of broth cultures and subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation, separated into two bands with densities of 1.12 and 1.30. The protein and antigenic profiles of blebs corresponded to profiles of isolated outer membranes. These results suggests that naturally-evolved membrane blebs contain the same immunogenic and antigenic molecules found in the bacterial outer membrane.
Discretionary Surgery: A Comparison of Workers’ Compensation and Commercial Insurance

Background: Workers’ compensation is intended for injuries that occur at work and is expected to be mostly for trauma and mostly nondiscretionary conditions. We tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the ratio of likely discretionary to likely nondiscretionary surgery between patients treated under workers’ compensation compared with commercial insurance controlling for age, sex, and anatomical site for either traumatic or nontraumatic diagnoses. Methods: Using claims data from the Texas workers’ compensation database and Truven Health commercial claims we classified International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnoses and procedure codes as likely discretionary or likely nondiscretionary, and as traumatic or nontraumatic. Ratios of likely discretionary to likely nondiscretionary surgery were calculated and compared. Results: Among patients treated under workers’ compensation, the ratio of likely dis...
Transgender Students: Advocacy, Care, and Support Opportunities for School Nurses

Transgender individuals are disproportionately affected by negative mental and sexual health outcomes. School nurses have prime opportunities to combat these outcomes through affirming nursing care, especially when transgender students are socially transitioning. Examples of affirming practice include recognizing students' gender-affirming names, using their pronouns, ensuring safe locker rooms, advocating for student's clothing choices, stopping bullying and harassment, and refraining from making assumptions about their transgender students' sexual orientation. Through inclusive care directly provided to transgender children, school nurses can also be instrumental in ushering an affirming environment for all.
Cigarettes, E-cigarettes, and Adolescents' Oral Health: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Introduction:Adolescents are a population group that actively uses tobacco products; however, limited reports are available on the effects of tobacco products on adolescents’ oral health.Objectives...
Routine screening for hepatitis C in MSM on HIV PrEP.

Reassurance provided by pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV might lead to increased sexual risk-taking in men who have sex with men (MSM), potentially increasing the risk of transmitting other infections. A recent study has shown increased transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in this population, suggesting a need for HCV screening.
Pegaspargase-induced hypertriglyceridemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia:

Pegaspargase, a long acting formulation of L-asparaginase, is an asparagine specific enzyme that selectively kills leukemic cells by depleting plasma asparagine. Pegaspargase is FDA approved for the first-line treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is a critical component of numerous multi-chemotherapeutic regimens. Pegaspargase is associated with well-described toxicities including hypersensitivity reactions, hepatotoxicity, and thrombosis. However, hypertriglyceridemia is a much rarer complication of pegaspargase and has only been described in a limited number of reports. We present a case of severe hypertriglyceridemia after a single dose of pegaspargase. The patient was re-challenged with pegaspargase and again developed hypertriglyceridemia which was complicated by pancreatitis. Here, we summarize published reports and a literature review describing the incidence of pegaspargase-induced hypertriglyceridemia in common acute lymphoblastic leukemia protocols.
Collaborative metropolitan governance: An evaluation of local adoption in Denver

Abstract In response to regional challenges, U.S. Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) have undertaken collaborative visioning processes that encourage development in centers with mixed use and higher density development. For over two decades, the Denver region has promoted local voluntary adoption of centers through regional plans supported by a significant investment in transit. But are these regional efforts affecting local comprehensive plans? We analyzed the content of city plans for ten cities over 30 years. We also interviewed 13 planners in the region to understand the factors supporting and constraining local adoption and implementation of centers. We found that local governments have adopted centers; and, over time these centers have integrated more regional vision objectives. Transit investment and market forces significantly influence local adoption of centers. Other supporting and constraining influences include redevelopment investment, sales tax, grants, and incentives, and public and political support. Our findings suggest that local development is still strongly driven by local views and attitudes, and future regional plans need to create more significant incentives, clearer standards, and public and political deliberations about how the region will accommodate future growth.
Assessment of Fine-Scale Dispersion Modelling for Near-Road Exposure Applications

Detailed measurements and dispersion modeling were conducted to develop more accurate integrated metrics to assess exposure to potentially high pollutant levels of primary traffic emissions. A 13-week intensive sampling campaign was conducted at six monitoring sites surrounding one of the busiest highway segment in the US with the study area focusing on the Georgia Institute of Technology campus to capture the heterogeneity in pollutant concentrations related to primary traffic emissions. A dispersion model (RLINE) was used to develop spatial concentration fields at a fine-spatial resolution over the area of primary exposures. Initial RLINE results were highly biased, due either to errors in the emissions or the model. Analysis suggests that both may be important, depending upon species, though the largest errors were due to how the model represents near-source dispersion, especially when the wind aligns with the road segments. To correct for high near-road bias, the RLINE results were calibrated using measurement observations after the urban background was removed. Performing the calibration hourly also reduced the bias observed in the diurnal profile. Both the measurement observations and dispersion modeling results show that the highway has a substantial impact on primary traffic pollutant (particularly elemental carbon and carbon monoxide) concentrations and captures the prominent spatial gradients across the campus domain, though the gradients were highly species dependent. These improved concentration fields were used to enhance the characterization of pollutant spatial distribution around a traffic hotspot and to quantify personal exposure to primary traffic emissions.
Tomorrow's Backhaul: Comparative Analysis of Backhaul Cost for Next Generation Mobile Broadband

Despite forecasted quadratic growth of cellular traffic over the next several years, no in-depth analysis of brownfield and greenfield Long Term Evolution (LTE) backhaul deployment over different local access network options has been published. The models in this paper integrate engineering with economic analysis of the backhaul to support LTE mobile broadband networks using digital subscriber line (DSL), cable (DOCSIS), fiber, or microwave networks for the backhaul network. The results of the model allow a cellular provider to determine when to upgrade a network and determine which backhaul solution is the lowest cost depending upon traffic load and spectrum allocation. The model results indicate that the Net Present Value (NPV) do favor fiber passive optical network (PON) for a greenfield deployment, while brownfield DOCSIS or PON is favored depending on population density. The model demonstrates that demand for the next ten years can be met with the deployment of small cells and picocells with an increase in available frequencies. Dr. David Reed at University of Colorado at Boulder endorsed the submission of this paper to TPRC.
Experimental demonstration of a 5 kWth granular-flow reactor for solar thermochemical energy storage with aluminum-doped calcium manganite particles

Abstract A two-step cycle was considered for solar thermochemical energy storage based on aluminum-doped calcium manganite reduction/oxidation reactions for direct integration into Air Brayton cycles. The two steps encompassed (1) the storage of concentrated solar direct irradiation via the thermal reduction of aluminum-doped calcium manganite and (2) the delivery of heat to an Air-Brayton cycle via re-oxidation of oxygen-deficient aluminum-doped calcium manganite. The re-oxidized aluminum-doped calcium manganite was fed back to the first step to complete the cycle. A 5 kWth solar thermochemical reactor operating under vacuum was fabricated and tested to examine the first cycle reduction step. Reactor operating conditions and high-flux solar simulator control were tuned for continuous reactor operation with particle temperatures >1073 K. Continuous operation was achieved using intermittent, dense granular flows. A maximum absorption efficiency of 64.7% was demonstrated, accounting for both sensible and chemical heat storage.
Welcome to the Jungle: a research note on leader entry, combat experience, and dispute targeting

A relatively large body of research emphasizes the vital role of the tenure of leaders in explaining conflict behavior. In some accounts, new leaders are more likely to be attacked than their more ...
Treatment With Mycophenolate and Cyclophosphamide Leads to Clinically Meaningful Improvements in Patient-Reported Outcomes in Scleroderma Lung Disease: Results of Scleroderma Lung Study II.

Objective Our objective was to determine if treatment with cyclophosphamide (CYC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) improves patient-reported outcomes (PROs) among patients with systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). Methods This study examined PROs in patients with SSc-ILD (N = 142) who participated in the Scleroderma Lung Study II, a randomized controlled trial comparing MMF for 2 years with oral CYC for 1 year followed by 1 year of a placebo. Joint models were created to evaluate the course of PROs over 2 years. The difference in PRO scores from baseline to 24 months was measured, and the percentage of patients meeting the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated. Correlations between PROs and SSc-ILD disease severity measures were also examined. Results Treatment with CYC and MMF led to improvements in several PROs with no between-treatment differences. Scores for the Transitional Dyspnea Index (TDI) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) improved significantly over 2 years, and 29%/24% and 28%/25% of participants in the CYC/MMF groups met or exceeded the MCID estimates for TDI and SGRQ, respectively. At baseline, the forced vital capacity (FVC) percentage predicted (FVC%-predicted) did not correlate with the Baseline Dyspnea Index or SGRQ. However, improvements in the FVC%-predicted were weakly associated with improvements in dyspnea (assessed by the TDI) and SGRQ scores. Conclusion Treatment with CYC and MMF improved overall health-related quality of life in patients with SSc-ILD. The relationship between PRO measures and the FVC was relatively weak, suggesting that PROs provide complementary information about treatment efficacy not captured by changes in the FVC alone in this patient population.
Comparison of carrier localization effects between InAs quantum dashes and quantum dots in a DWELL (dashes- or dots-in-a-well) configuration

Abstract The optical properties of InAs quantum dashes (QDashes) grown on InP and InAs quantum dots (QDots) grown on GaAs in a dashes- or dots-in-a-well (DWELL) configuration are comparatively investigated using temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The trends in PL characteristics such as exciton energy, spectral bandwidth and integrated intensity with respect to temperature are found to be distinctly dissimilar between the two systems. A rate-equation model involving exciton recombination and thermal transfer in a localized-state ensemble is used to quantitively interpret the experimental data. These results suggest that QDashes in this configuration exhibit PL properties more consistent with a lower degree of carrier localization compared to QDots. A preliminary structural analysis highlighting the shape/size differences between the two nanostructures is also presented.
Understanding the Linkages Between Parental Monitoring, School Academic Engagement, Substance Use, and Suicide Among Adolescents in U.S.

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth and young adults. Improving the understanding of social-ecological factors associated with youth suicide behaviors may highlight important ideas for prevention. From a social-ecological theoretical framework of suicide, this study aims to test whether parental monitoring and school academic engagement predict suicidal behavior and substance use in youth, and by gender. Data comes from a large cross-sectional U.S. study—the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)—which includes U.S. adolescents (N = 12,884) aged 12–17 years old. A structural equation model (SEM) and the MIMIC (Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes) model of SEM were used to test the proposed conceptual model using AMOS Version 25. The final structural model had an adequate goodness of fit [χ2(df = 84, N = 12,884) was 2352.58, p < 0.001]. The other fit statistics indicated good fit with RMSEA = 0.044 and CFI = 0.94. Fifty-eight percent of the variance in suicide behaviors was accounted for by the model. These findings underscore critical associations between suicidal behavior and relational (parental monitoring), community (school academic engagement) and individual (substance use) social ecological factors. Gender paths in the model did not differ significantly. These factors suggest important prevention targets for reducing suicide risk among adolescents.
In situ photopatterning of cell laden biomaterials for spatially organized 3D cell cultures in a microfluidic chip

Micropatterning techniques have enabled the use of 3D cell cultures to recreate tissue-level behavior such as hypoxia or signaling gradients, but their integration with microfluidics has been limited. To access complex, non-linear and concentric geometries seen in vivo and in high- throughput culture arrays, we developed an in-situ micropatterning strategy that integrated photolithography of crosslinkable, cell-laden hydrogels with a simple microfluidic housing. By shining 405 nm light through a photomask containing the desired design, we patterned 3D cultures directly in a 130-μm deep microfluidic chamber. As a model system, we used thiol-ene step growth polymerization with thiol-modified gelatin (GelSH) and PEG-norbornene linker; the technology was also applicable to other photo-crosslinkable chemistries, including gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and gelatin norbornene (GelNB) with PEG-thiol linker. The on-chip patterning strategy generated 3D cultures that were self-standing and that could be combined using serial photomasks. The method consistently generated features as small as 100 μm in diameter, and shared, non-linear boundaries between cultures were readily achieved. The modularity of the platform meant that designs were interchangeable in the same microfluidic housing, without requiring new master fabrication. As a proof-of-principle, a fragile cell type, primary human T cells, were patterned in varied geometries. Cells were patterned with high regional specificity and viability remained high. We expect that this technology will enable researchers to organize 3D cultures into geometries that were previously difficult to obtain, granting access to biomimetic tissue organizations and 3D-cultured microarray formats.
A multilevel mixed-effects regression analysis of the association between hospital, community and state regulatory factors, and family income eligibility limits for free and discounted care among U.S. not-for-profit, 501(c)(3), hospitals, 2010 to 2017.

Not-for-profit hospitals are facing an uncertain financial future, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, they are legally obligated to provide free and discounted health care services to communities. This study investigates the hospital, community, and state regulatory factors and whether these factors are associated with family income eligibility levels for free and discounted care. Data were sourced from Internal Revenue Service Form 990, several data files from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, demographic and community factors from the Census Bureau, supplemental files from The Hilltop Institute, Community Benefit Insight, and Kaiser Family Foundation. The study employs multilevel mixed-effects linear and ordered logit regressions to estimate the association between the hospital, community, state policies, and the hospital’s family income eligibility limit for free and discounted care. A plurality of hospitals (49.96%) offered a medium level of family income eligibility limit (160–200% of the federal poverty level (FPL)) for free care. In comparison, about 53% (52.94%) offered a low level (0–300 of FPL) eligibility limit for discounted care. Holding all else equal, hospitals designated as critical access, safety net, those in rural areas or located in disadvantaged areas were associated with an increased probability of offering low eligibility limits for free and discounted care. Hospitals in a joint venture, located in highly concentrated markets or states with minimum community benefits requirements, were associated with an increased probability of offering high eligibility limits. State and community factors appear to be associated with the eligibility level for free and discounted care. Hospitals serving low-income or rural communities seem to offer the least relief. The federal and state policymakers might need to consider relief to these hospitals with a requirement for them to provide a specific set of minimum community benefits.
Attenuation of SRC Kinase Activity Augments PARP Inhibitor–mediated Synthetic Lethality in BRCA2-altered Prostate Tumors

Purpose: Alterations in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway genes occur in 20%–25% of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Although PARP inhibitors (PARPis) have been shown to benefit men with mCRPC harboring DDR defects due to mutations in BRCA1/2 and ATM, additional treatments are necessary because the effects are not durable. Experimental Design: We performed transcriptomic analysis of publicly available mCRPC cases, comparing BRCA2 null with BRCA2 wild-type. We generated BRCA2-null prostate cancer cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and treated these cells with PARPis and SRC inhibitors. We also assessed the antiproliferative effects of combination treatment in 3D prostate cancer organoids. Results: We observed significant enrichment of the SRC signaling pathway in BRCA2-altered mCRPC. BRCA2-null prostate cancer cell lines had increased SRC phosphorylation and higher sensitivity to SRC inhibitors (e.g., dasatinib, bosutinib, and saracatinib) relative to wild-type cells. Combination treatment with PARPis and SRC inhibitors was antiproliferative and had a synergistic effect in BRCA2-null prostate cancer cells, mCRPC organoids, and Trp53/Rb1-null prostate cancer cells. Inhibition of SRC signaling by dasatinib augmented DNA damage in BRCA2-null prostate cancer cells. Moreover, SRC knockdown increased PARPi sensitivity in BRCA2-null prostate cancer cells. Conclusions: This work suggests that SRC activation may be a potential mechanism of PARPi resistance and that treatment with SRC inhibitors may overcome this resistance. Our preclinical study demonstrates that combining PARPis and SRC inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with BRCA2-null mCRPC.