cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
POWER: A Caregiver Implemented Mand Training Intervention

The development of a vocal mand repertoire is often delayed or deficient in children with an autism spectrum disorder. Utilizing caregivers as behavior change agents to address this core deficit may be advantageous as more learning opportunities can be incorporated in daily routines. A plethora of literature exists on teaching caregivers to promote communication with their children; however, many of these studies use behavioral skills training that can be resource-intensive. This study evaluated the effectiveness of video modeling with voice-over and on-screen text, without researcher mediation, as an alternative to behavioral skills training for teaching caregivers to teach vocal mands to their 2- to 5-year-old children with an autism spectrum disorder. The video model described mand training with an echoic prompt (Greer & Ross, 2008; Kodak & Clements, 2009), using a mnemonic (POWER: Play, Offer, Wait, Encourage, and Reinforce). Results of our nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across three dyads indicates that video modeling was effective in increasing all three caregivers’ mand training fidelity, and this correlated to small increases in independent mands with some of the child participants when training occurred less than 1 hr per week. We discuss implications for practice and areas for future research.
Formally Verified Switching Logic for Recoverability of Aircraft Controller.

In this paper, we investigate the design of a safe hybrid controller for an aircraft that switches between a classical linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller and a more intelligent artificial neural network (ANN) controller. Our objective is to switch safely between the controllers, such that the aircraft is always recoverable within a fixed amount of time while allowing the maximum time of operation for the ANN controller. There is a priori known safety zone for the LQR controller operation in which the aircraft never stalls, over accelerates, or exceeds maximum structural loading, and hence, by switching to the LQR controller just before exiting this zone, one can guarantee safety. However, this priori known safety zone is conservative, and therefore, limits the time of operation for the ANN controller. We apply reachability analysis to expand the known safety zone, such that the LQR controller will always be able to drive the aircraft back to the safe zone from the expanded zone (“recoverable zone") within a fixed duration. The “recoverable zone" extends the time of operation of the ANN controller. We perform simulations using the hybrid controller corresponding to the recoverable zone and observe that the design is indeed safe.
EFFECT OF PEDIATRICIANS’ EDUCATION ON INCREASING SCREENING FOR FOOD INSECURITY IN A FEDERALLY QUALIFIED HEALTH CENTER

Background According to the USDA, food insecurity (FI) is the limited or uncertain access to healthy food. The importance of detecting FI is associated with several clinical implications, including poor dietary intake, inadequate motor and neurodevelopment function, chronic stressful environment, and increase utilization of health care resources. Nearly 17% of children in New Jersey were identified as living in FI households. The AAP recommends that all pediatricians screen for FI and be aware of resources to intervene. We designed a quality improvement project to assess the effectiveness of an educational program in increasing FI …
Dynamical Instability of Collapsed Dark Matter Halos

A self-interacting dark matter halo can experience gravothermal collapse, resulting in a central core with an ultrahigh density. It can further contract and collapse into a black hole, a mechanism proposed to explain the origin of supermassive black holes. We study dynamical instability of the core in general relativity. We use a truncated Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to model the dark matter distribution and solve the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation. For given model parameters, we obtain a series of equilibrium configurations and examine their dynamical instability based on considerations of total energy, binding energy, fractional binding energy, and adiabatic index. The numerical results from our semi-analytical method are in good agreement with those from fully relativistic N-body simulations. We further show for the instability to occur in the classical regime, the boundary temperature of the core should be at least $10\%$ of the mass of dark matter particles; for a $10^9~{\rm M_\odot}$ seed black hole, the particle mass needs to be larger than a few keV. These results can be used to constrain different collapse models, in particular, those with dissipative dark matter interactions.
Lattice Location of Deuterium Implanted Into W and Cr

Ion implantation and ion channeling are used to study hydrogen in metals. Deuterium implanted at room temperature into Cr and W is found to be localized at distinct positions, predominately near the octahedral and tetrahedral interstitial sites respectively. Irradiation of the implanted W by the 750 keV3He analysis beam results in the movement of the deuterium to a new location.
Red cells in sickle cell crisis: observations on the pathophysiology of crisis

The pathophysiology of the occurrence and resolution of sickle cell crisis is unknown. The molecular abnormality is constant, while crisis is episodic. In the present study, red cell filterability and sickling with deoxygenation have been measured during sickle cell crises. Recovery from sickle crisis is associated with an increased filterability of the circulating red cell and a decreased susceptibility of the red cell to sickle with deoxygenation (p less than 0.05). The possibility that these changes are responsible for the resolution of crisis is suggested.
Taxing capital income in Hungary and the European Union

Without higher savings rates, Hungary cannot expect accelerated economic growth. In reforming Hungary`s system of taxing capital income, policymakers should strive to level the playing field in financial markets but should not distort incentives to increase savings. Countries seeking membership in the European Union (EU) cannot look to the EU for a blueprint for reforming their system for taxing capital income. Indeed, it is hard to generalize about tax systems in the EU. Most member states apply fairly low tax rates to interest payments and discriminate against profit distributions. But tax rates, exemption levels, and methods of tax integration differ greatly within and across countries, and there is almost no harmonization of methods for taxing capital income. Approaches to taxing capital gains vary greatly, and distortions arise from the treatment of various sources of capital income. In 1993, when the EU began efforts to integrate capital markets, member countries proposed various ways to harmonize capital income taxes, including a proposal to introduce a withholding tax on interest income of residents of member states, with a minimum rate of 15 percent (revised to 10 percent). Under this scheme all interest on bank deposits and government and private bonds would be taxed and there might also be a final withholding tax on residents' Interest income. But the proposal was not accepted and the EU Commission decided to maintain the status quo, not to pressure member countries to harmonize company taxes. But Hungary could look for models in the Nordic countries (especially Norway and Sweden), Austria, and Finland, which have undertaken far-reaching reforms of capital income taxation. In most EU countries capital gains are either not (directly) taxed or are not taxed systematically. In Finland and Norway identical tax rates are applied to all types of capital income, including capital gains. The centerpiece of the Scandinavian model is a dual income tax, combining a progressive tax on personal income with a flat-rate tax on all types of capital income. The Scandinavian model contrasts sharply with the comprehensive income taxation model, under which a single (progressive) tax schedule is applied to income from all sources. In Austria the treatment of different types of capital income is relatively uniform but the composite tax burden on capital income resembles the highest personal income tax rate rather than a reduced rate. Austria's rate of tax evasion was high, but a 10 percent withholding tax applied to all interest-bearing assets has reduced discrimination against honest taxpayers. This paper - a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia - is part of a larger effort in the region to research issues related to the European Union`s accession of Central and Eastern European countries.
The effectiveness of Tai Chi exercise in improving aerobic capacity: an updated meta-analysis.

Purpose: To determine if Tai Chi exercise is effective in improving aerobic capacity. Methods: A computerized search of seven databases was conducted using the mesh term ‘Tai Ji’, published between
An Innovative Fuzzy-Logic-Based Methodology for Trend Identification

A new fuzzy-logic-based methodology for on-line signal trend identification is introduced. The methodology may be used for detecting the onset of nuclear power plant (NPP) transients at the earliest possible time and could be of great benefit to diagnostic, maintenance, and performance-monitoring programs. Although signal trend identification is complicated by the presence of noise, fuzzy methods can help capture important features of on-line signals, integrate the information included in these features, and classify incoming NPP signals into increasing, decreasing, and steady-state trend categories. A computer program named PROTREN is developed and tested for the purpose of verifying this methodology using NPP and simulation data. The results indicate that the new fuzzy-logic-based methodology is capable of detecting transients accurately, it identifies trends reliably and does not misinterpret a steady-state signal as a transient one.
Pediatric code team response to the emergency department: a collaborative effort.

Abstract The overall major benefit and significant outcome of this plan are the networking and collaboration of two nursing staffs. The emergency nursing staff increased their skills in anticipating, drawing up medications in pediatric doses, and handling smaller sized equipment. The PICU nursing staff increased their knowledge regarding stabilization of trauma patients. Mutual respect for each other's clinical area of practice has grown between the nurses in the two departments. Each unit has learned the benefit of consultation and collaboration to facilitate expeditious and thorough care of the pediatric patient. Although the confidence of the emergency nurse in pediatric resuscitation has increased substantially during the past 18 months, neither department wishes to alter this suppportive relationship. The current method of selected members of the PICU team responding to pediatric resuscitation in the emergency department will continue as it is currently practiced. Emergency nurses in one emergency department have incorporated the notion that nurses have expertise in many areas of nuring practice and that colleagues offer unlimited resources. Future plans include more exposure of the PICU nurses to initial assessment and stabilization of the pediatric trauma patient. In addition, many emergency nurses have requested time in the PICU to become familiar with the critically ill child.
A survey of dynamically reconfigurable FPGA devices

The FPGA market has evolved at an extremely rapid pace, with larger and faster devices being released to the industry by different vendors. One has to select a target FPGA device that suits one's application. This paper presents a survey of currently available dynamically reconfigurable FPGA devices. The devices were: the Atmel AT40k family, the Xilinx Virtex family, the Lattice Semiconductors ORCA and ispXPGA families, and the Altera APEX20k family. The degree of dynamic reconfigurability of these devices was compared based on partial or full reconfiguration. The architectures of these devices were evaluated based on the granularity and reconfiguration time.
In situ hybridization analysis of chromosomal homologies in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis.

Twenty-four biotin-labeled recombinant-DNA probes which contained putative unique-sequence Drosophila melanogaster DNA were hybridized to larval salivary-gland chromosomes of D. melanogaster and Drosophila virilis. All probes hybridized to D. melanogaster chromosomes at the expected sites. However, one probe hybridized to at least 16 additional sites, and one hybridized to one additional site. Thirteen probes hybridized strongly to D. virilis chromosomes, four hybridized weakly and infrequently, and seven did not hybridize. Probes representing two multigene families (beta-tubulin and yolk-protein) hybridized as would be expected if all sites had been conserved in the two species on the same chromosomal elements. The multiple hybridization sites of a third probe which may represent a multigene family were also conserved. The results were consistent with H.J. Muller's proposal that chromosomal elements have been conserved during evolution of this genus.
RESISTANCE OF THE AZOTOBACTER CYST

Socolofsky, M. D. (University of Texas, Austin) and Orville Wyss. Resistance of the Azotobacter cyst. J. Bacteriol. 84: 119–124. 1962—The Azotobacter cysts were found to be more resistant than the vegetative cells to various harmful agents. Studies involving ultraviolet irradiation indicated that cysts required twice as great a dosage, as correspondingly treated vegetative cells, to be 90% inactivated. The acquisition of ultraviolet resistance during the encystment process was gradual and appeared to be related to the formation of exine and intine. A slow loss of ultraviolet resistance during germination was also noted. The cysts exhibited no marked resistance to heat, although they were extremely resistant to gamma radiation, sonic treatment, and desiccation. Evidence was presented indicating that the cyst is not a bacterial endospore. The encystment process may confer a survival advantage upon the organism by coupling the low endogenous respiration rate with the ability to withstand desiccation. Images
THE HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGIST IN LONG-TERM CARE : PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Infection control practices in long-term care facilities have been the subject of an increasing number of reports in the past few years. A recent review by Smith in this series outlined important problems regarding infection surveillance in long-term care facilities including: the lack of standard definitions of infection and the difficulty of applying Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definitions in long-term care facilities: the lack of a consensus on the best approach to infection surveillance in long-term care facilities; the lack of full-time commitment to infection control among long-term care facilities; and the lack of risk stratification of patients. For reasons mentioned previously, the effective solution to these problems will require the input of hospital-based infection control professionals. It would be ideal if, prior to this effort, these professionals could gain some experience regarding the important differences between the long-term care facility and the acute hospital setting. In this article, the observations of a hospital epidemiologist who has consulted for several years with long-term care facilities will be discussed. Specifically, I will deal with experiences and problems I have dealt with in long-term care facilities that were either new to me or variations of hospital-based experience.
Blade and shaft crack detection using torsional vibration measurements Part 3: Field application demonstrations

The primary goal of the this paper is to summarize field demonstrations of the feasibility of detecting changes in blade and shaft natural frequencies (such as those associated with a blade or shaft crack) on operating machinery using noncontact, non- intrusive measurement methods. Laboratory demonstration of feasibility and some special signal processing issues were addressed in Parts 1 and 2 [1, 2]. Part 3 primarily addresses the results of application of this non-intrusive torsional vibration sensing to: a large wind tunnel fan; a jet engine high-pressure disk; a hydro station turbine; and to a large coal- fired power plant induced-draft (ID) fan motors. During the operation of rotating equipment, torsional natural frequencies are excited by turbulence, friction, and other random forces. Laboratory testing was conducted to affirm the potential of this method for diagnostics and prognostics of blade and shafting systems. Field installation at the NASA Ames National Full-Scale Aerodynamic Facility (NFAC)...
The Evolution of Strategy … But What About Policy?

Beatrice Heuser is a serious student of military thought. Her past works include thoughtful treatments of nuclear strategy, Carl von Clausewitz's writings, and the evolution of irregular warfare. 1...
“How to’s” for Designing, Promoting AND Managing an E-Mail Newsletter

Abstract An e-mail newsletter can reach a large number of individuals with information in a timely, cost-effective manner. An advantage of an e-mail newsletter over an Internet Web site is that a newsletter proactively reaches out to people. One of the authors developed and has distributed a free monthly e-mail newsletter since May, 1996. The topics include nutrition and food safety issues and the target audience is consumers, educators and health professionals. During the first 21 months, the number of subscribers grew from 60 individuals to over 2,800 people in 55 countries. Through personal experience and a formal evaluation, several lessons regarding the "how to's" of setting up a simple system for communicating through an e-mail newsletter have been learned: (1) Distribution: the newsletter runs off a "moderated" listserv. Potential subscribers use a standard listserv command to subscribe. New subscribers are "filtered" to a special mailbox and a copy of the past issue is sent utilizing the "Bcc" feature of the author's e-mail system. (2) Design: a shorter length, single topic focus, sub-headings and use of white space have enhanced readability. Directions are included for preferred font size if printing a copy. (3) Promotion: Internet-based promotions, especially sample postings—as appropriate—on various listservs have been most effective. Past issues are archived on the Internet; "meta tags" are included in the newsletter HTML coding to facilitate reporting by Internet search engines. Newsletters may be reproduced by subscribers with appropriate credit. Subscription information is included with every issue. (4) Subscriber Use: A survey at the end of the first year (n=101) indicated that subscribers handled their newsletter in the following ways: saved for future reference (68%); "forwarded" to others (45%); distributed at work (35%); reproduced as a handout (30%); encouraged others to subscribe (25%); and/or used in another publication (16%).
Heat stress presenting with encephalopathy and MRI findings of diffuse cerebral injury and hemorrhage

Background Heat stress results in multiorgan failure and CNS injury. There a few case reports in the literature on the neurological consequences of heat stress.
The disclosure dilemma for gay men and lesbians: "Coming out" at work.

This study examined disclosing sexual orientation at work for 220 gay men and 159 lesbians. Selfacceptance, the centrality of one’s identity, how “out” one is to friends and family, employer policies, and perceived employer gay-supportiveness were associated with disclosure behaviors at work for gay/ lesbian employees. Disclosing at work and working for an organization perceived to be more gay supportive was related to higher job satisfaction and lower job anxiety. Reactions of coworkers to gay or lesbian workers mediated the relationship between disclosure and gay/lesbian workers’ job attitudes. Implications and solutions for management are discussed.
AN ATYPICAL CRISTA RESEMBLING A "TIGHT JUNCTION" IN BEAN ROOT MITOCHONDRIA

The conformation and structure of an atypical crista found in a small percentage of the mitochondria in root tip cells of Phaseolus vulgaris L. have been studied electron microscopically in material fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. In its transformation into an atypical crista, a normal crista elongates, broadens, and flattens, and the inner leaflets of its apposed unit membranes appear to fuse in a manner analogous to the formation of "tight junctions" between certain animal cells. The result is a large platelike, quintuple-layered structure, 240–260 A thick, whose long axis parallels that of the mitochondrion. The outer layers of the "plate," bordering on the mitochondrial matrix, are thickened and exhibit striking patterns in the micrographs. The structure of the plate is compared with that previously described for tight junctions between animal cells.
Algorithmic Solution of Stochastic Differential Equations

This brief note presents an algorithm to solve ordinary stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The algorithm is based on the joint solution of a system of two partial differential equations and provides strong solutions for finite-dimensional systems of SDEs driven by standard Wiener processes and with adapted initial data. Several examples illustrate its use.
Effects of fungal deterioration on grain: nutritional value, toxicity, germination

Moulds or fungi that grow in grains and seeds during storage and transport cause germination decrease, visible mouldiness, discoloration, musty or sour odours, caking, chemical and nutritional changes, reduction in processing quality, and form of mycotoxins. These deteriorative changes affect the grade and price of grain and contribute to customer dissatisfaction when the grain is marketed. The respiration of grain and fungi results in a loss in dry matter as well as the production of heat and moisture which contribute to further spoilage. Net changes in nutritional value and the risk of mycotoxin contamination are difficult to predict because they depend on a complex interaction of factors such as temperature, moisture, storage time, fungal species composition, kind of grain, and previous storage history. Moisture is the most important variable determining the rate of deterioration caused by fungi, with temperature being the second major factor. Problems with deterioration of grain in export shipments are not a recent development. They are related primarily to grain moisture at loading, and also to the extent of previous mould invasion.
An electron microscopic study of rubrospinal projections to the lumbar spinal cord of the opossum

The rubrospinal system is a major suprasegmental input to the important interneuronal pool at the base of the lumbar dorsal horn in the North American opossum. After appropriate lesions, rubral axons and their synaptic terminals were found in electron micrographs of lamina IV, V and VI as well as within the dorsal extreme of lamina VII. Degenerating terminals contact small diameter dendrites in the lateral terminal zone and large dendritic profiles in the medial terminal zone. Correlating these data with the dendritic arborizations of interneurons in Golgi preparations and with existing physiologic studies, it appears that interneurons in the intermediate and medial aspects of lamina V, VI and VII receive rubral input on both their proximal and distal dendrites.
A 1 percent measurement of the temperature of the cosmic microwave radiation at lambda = 1.2 centimeters

Results are reported of a direct measurement of the cosmic microwave radiation temperature using a special Dicke radiometer (wavelength = 1.2 cm) designed to minimize the usual systematic errors. The experiment was performed at balloon altitudes to avoid atmospheric emission. The first flight gives a cosmic microwave radiation temperature of 2.783 + or - 0.025 K, where the error is due to several errors (mostly systematic) added by quadrature. This is the most accurate direct measurement (by a factor of 3) yet reported.
The Langerhans' cell‐like cell lines XS52 and XS106 express mRNA for ciliary neurotrophic factor and neurotrophic factor 4/5

Neurotrophins are responsible for the survival and outgrowth of nerves within the peripheral and central nervous systems. These factors include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), CNTF, NT 3, and NT4/5. We have previously shown that LCs lie in close proximity to nerves and that several neuropeptides regulate LC function, implying that nerves send regulatory signals to LCs. To evaluate the possibility that LC signal nerves by release of neurotrophins, we examined LC expression of neurotrophins by RT-PCR. To eliminate the possibility of contaminating keratinocytes in highly enriched LC preparations, we utilized the LC-like cell lines XS52 (BALB/c derived) and XS106 (A/J derived) for initial experiments. The RNA obtained was digested with DNase to ensure complete absence of genomic DNA. Several independent RT-PCRs revealed expression of bands of the expected size for CTNF and NT4/5, but not for BDNF and NT3 in XS106 and XS52 cells. In contrast, the transformed keratinocyte cell line PAM212 expressed BDNF, as well as CTNF and NT4/5. Preliminary experiments with purified LC confirm the expression of CTNF and NT4/5 and also show the expression of BDNF. However, we cannot be sure that BDNF expression is not due to keratinocyte contamination. We conclude that LCs may regulate nerve cells by the release of neurotrophic factors.
Quantum probability distributions in the early Universe. II. The quantum Langevin equation

In this paper, we construct a stochastic differential equation for the quantum evolution of the large-scale or coarse-grained (gcausal horizon) scalar field (inflaton) in de Sitter space that is valid to all orders in \ensuremath{\Elzxh}. This quantum Langevin equation is the equivalent of the Wigner equation for quantum probability distributions. We show that in general quantum fluctuations are associated with multicomponent multiplicative non-Gaussian Markovian noise. However, to order \ensuremath{\Elzxh} this noise becomes simple white noise. This is the origin behind the observations of Linde, Starobinsky, and Vilenkin that the large-scale quantum evolution of the inflaton is similar to Brownian motion. In addition, we show that Starobinsky's Langevin equation arises from our quantum Langevin equation as an order-\ensuremath{\Elzxh}--slow-rolling approximation. Finally we compute the random-number distribution associated with noise of the quantum Langevin equation. We conclude that the Wigner description based on quasiprobability distributions is probably more useful computationally than the quantum Langevin equation.
The absolute intensities of the binary combination bands in the infrared spectrum of SF6

Abstract The intensities of all the fundamentals and binary combination bands in the infrared spectrum of SF 6 have been measured. Estimates of the cubic normal-coordinate force constants previously determined from an anharmonic Urey—Bradley force field have been used to compute the contributions to the combination intensities from the first derivatives of the dipole moment. These, in turn, have been used to obtain experimental values of the second derivatives of the molecular electric dipole moment with respect to the normal coordinates.
Self-monitoring and self-administered aversion in the treatment of bruxism

Abstract Bruxism was substantially modified in a 60-yr-old male patient using a procedure consisting of self-monitoring and self-administered aversion (lemon juice squirting). Zero tooth contacts were recorded at a two year follow-up.
Diffusion tensor imaging and tractography in brown-sequard syndrome

Case report. To demonstrate the utility of diffusion tensor imaging and tractography in two patients with Brown-Sequard syndrome after penetrating cervical cord injury. Milwaukee, WI, USA. Two patients, who presented with features of Brown-Sequard syndrome after sustaining stab wounds to the neck, underwent DTI and tractography of the cervical cord within a week of the injury. DTI metrics were measured within the left and right hemicord around the level of injury. Diffusion tensor tractography was performed to visualize the site of injury and injured fiber tracts. Axial fractional anisotropy maps at the site of injury showed unilateral damage to the cord structure, and FA was significantly reduced within the injured hemicord in both patients. Tractography allowed for visualization of the injured fiber tracts around the level of injury. Both DTI metrics and tractography showed an asymmetry that corresponded to the neurological deficits exhibited by the patients. This report illustrates the utility of DTI and DTT in delineating regions of cord injury in two patients with traumatic Brown-Sequard syndrome. Our results indicate that DTI provides clinically relevant information that supplements conventional MR imaging for patients with acute SCI.
Chorionic gonadotropin: a narrative of its identification and origin and the role of Georgeanna Seegar Jones.

Editor's Note: The following article on the history of human chorionic gonadotropin is interesting on several levels. I hope that you will enjoy the first-hand description of the events surrounding the discovery of site of origin of this important pregnancy-related hormone as told by Dr. Howard Jones Jr., husband of the late Georgeanna Seegar Jones. They were both editors of the SURVEY for more than 25 years. In today's worid of microarray and PCR technology it is fun to hear about the progress of science using tissue culture and mouse assays. But this story is also about the progress we have made on the human level. At a time when well over 50% of the residents in Obstetrics and Gynecology are women, it is astounding to think that in 1938 Mom's name would have been listed as "G. Emory Seegar" on this important paper because it was felt that the paper would not be accepted for publication if one of the authors was a woman!-HWJ III.
Evidence that integrins contribute to multiple stages in the consolidation of long term potentiation in rat hippocampus.

Abstract Three structurally distinct groups of antagonists were used to test the hypothesis that integrin adhesion receptors play an essential role in consolidating (stabilizing) long term potentiation of the Schaffer collaterals in rat hippocampus. Comparisons were made of percent potentiation at antagonist-treated versus control sites within CA1 stratum radiatum of the same hippocampal slice. Function blocking antibodies against the alpha5 subunit of the fibronectin receptor had no effect on baseline responses or initial potentiation but resulted in a >30% reduction, relative to within-slice control long term potentiation, 45 min later. Larger reductions were recorded in separate experiments continued for 4 h after the induction of potentiation. Alpha(v) and alpha2 subunit antibodies did not reliably affect the stabilization of potentiation. An antagonist peptide with preference for beta1 integrins produced a slowly developing decline of the type seen with alpha5 antibodies. A cyclic peptide antagonist reduced potentiation within 10 min of induction and caused an almost 40% decrease over 45 min. Two disintegrins (snake toxins that potently block integrins) were very effective in preventing the consolidation of long term potentiation: echistatin reduced potentiation by >70%, while triflavin caused ∼50% decrease. The suppressing effects of echistatin were concentration-dependent, obtained with treatment after induction, and much more rapid than the effects of antibodies. Rapid declines in potentiation were particularly evident when the two disintegrins were applied together. These results indicate that hippocampal fibronectin receptors (alpha5/beta1 integrin) contribute importantly to a slowly developing phase of long term potentiation consolidation. They also suggest that other integrins are critical to aspects of consolidation occurring in the first few minutes after induction.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Digoxin in Chinese Neonates and Infants

To obtain more information regarding the influence of various covariates on the disposition of digoxin in Chinese neonates and infants, routine clinical pharmacokinetic data were retrospectively collected from 131 hospitalized patients. A nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM) method was applied to the data. A one-compartment/first-order absorption model was employed to estimate the influence of total body weight (allometric power model), postnatal age, serum creatinine, gender, presence of heart congestive failure, and concomitant medications on apparent total clearance and apparent drug distribution of digoxin. Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates for CL/F and V/F were 0.147 L∙h(-1)∙kg(-1) and 15.7 L/kg, respectively. Total body weight and postnatal age were identified as the important factors affecting total clearance of digoxin; total body weight was the covariate identified to influence the apparent distribution volume. Both internal (bootstrap method, visual predictive checks, and normalized prediction distributed error) and external validation supported the stable and predictive performance of the final model. We concluded that the model can be used to choose an appropriate dose regimen in Chinese neonates and infants.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: Update for Clinicians

Although much recent focus has been on the recognition of Ebola virus disease among travelers from West Africa, cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), including travel-associated cases, continue to be reported. US clinicians need to be familiar with recommendations regarding when to suspect MERS-CoV, how to make a diagnosis, and what infection control measures need to be instituted when a case is suspected. Infection control is especially critical, given that most cases have been healthcare-associated. Two cases of MERS-CoV were identified in the United States in May 2014; because these cases were detected promptly and appropriate control measures were put in place quickly, no secondary cases occurred. This paper summarizes information that US clinicians need to know to prevent secondary cases of MERS-CoV from occurring in the United States.
An allosteric mechanism for the acetylcholine receptor

Abstract The excitable membrane of electroplax is depolarized to different maximal extents with different triggering ligands. The extent of depolarization is also altered by inhibitors. These properties are interpreted in terms of a simple and quantitative molecular mechanism based on the state function of the allosteric model.
American literary publishing in the mid-nineteenth century : the business of Ticknor and Fields

Introduction 1. Publishing history and Ticknor and Fields 2. The business records of Ticknor and Fields 3. The publications of Ticknor and Fields 4. Production and Ticknor and Fields: paper 5. Production and Ticknor and Fields (cont.): binding 6. Distribution and Ticknor and Fields 7. The profits of Ticknor and Fields Conclusion Appendix A. Distribution network of Ticknor and Fields in 1856 Appendix B. Ticknor and Fields publications, 1858-9.
A multidisciplinary approach to decrease ventilator-associated pneumonia in a pediatric intensive care unit

BACKGROUND: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant complication in critically ill, intubated pediatric patients. While there are data demonstrating effective interventions in decreasing the incidence of VAP in adults, there is little data regarding interventions to decrease VAP in the pediatric population. We describe a multidisciplinary approach to decrease VAP in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: The PICU at St. Louis Children's Hospital is a 26-bed multidisciplinary unit. In September 2003, education regarding the pathophysiology and risk factors of VAP was given to PICU physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists in the form of educational flyers, a self-study module, and lectures. VAP was defined according to CDC NNIS definitions, and the rate expressed as number of VAP episodes per 1000 ventilator (vent) days. In January 2004, a PICU team consisting of management, an intensivist, an infection control practitioner, an advanced practice nurse, staff nurses, and respiratory therapists was assembled to identify and implement strategies to decrease the incidence of VAP. Interventions known to affect the incidence of VAP in adults were targeted. These included: elevation of head of bed (HOB) 30 degrees, use of in-line suction (minimizing breaks into the system), wearing gloves while draining the ventilator condensate away from the patient, and emphasizing hand hygiene before and after handling the ventilator/ventilator circuit. VAP rates for the PICU were shared with physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists on a monthly basis and posted in areas accessible to staff. Pre- and post-intervention VAP rates were compared using chi square. RESULTS: The baseline VAP rate in 2002, pre intervention, was 9.1 (41 VAP/4509 vent days). In 2003, the rate was 8.8 (33 VAP/3741 vent days). In 2004, the rate decreased to 3.3 (14 VAP/4202 vent days). This represents a decrease of 42% from 2003 (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary team approach with focused interventions, including educational programs, can decrease VAP in the PICU. Similar to findings in adult populations, elevating the HOB 30 degrees, avoiding interruption of the ventilator circuit, and wearing gloves when handling ventilator condensate can decrease the incidence of VAP. It is especially important to involve members of the patient care team in addition to infection control in order to implement and monitor interventions.
Efficient computational devices for the capacitated transportation problem

This paper presents the details for applying and specializing the work of Ellis Johnson and to develop a primal code for the well-known capacitated transportation problem. The code was developed directly from the work of Johnson, but is similar to codes developed by Glover, Karney, Klingman, and Napier and Srinivasan and Thompson. The emphasis in the presentation is the use of the graphical representation of the basis to carry out the revised simplex operations. This is a means of exploiting the special structure and sparseness of the constraint matrix to minimize computational effort and storage requirements. The results of solving several large problems with the code developed are also discussed.
Carcinoma arising in a choledochal cyst.

Six cases of carcinoma arising in a choledochal cyst have been found in the literature. We have reported an additional case and have reviewed the world's literature. The mean age of onset was 41 years of age. The classic triad of jaundice, pain and mass in the right upper quadrant has been found in only 1 patient. Choledochal cyst has never been diagnosed preoperatively, although biliary tract disease was suspected in 5 patients. At surgery, the anatomy often has been distorted and a second operation has been necessary to clarify it. The average survival time after diagnosis has been 9 months.
From bazaar to market: foreign trade and economic development in nineteenth‐century Iran

(1981). From bazaar to market: foreign trade and economic development in nineteenth‐century Iran. Iranian Studies: Vol. 14, No. 1-2, pp. 53-85.
Energy spectra of donors and acceptors in quantum-well structures: Effect of spatially dependent screening.

The energy spectra of shallow donors and acceptors in GaAs-${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$As quantum-well structures have been calculated. The binding energies of the impurities were obtained within a variational calculation in the effective-mass approximation. Calculations were performed for simple neutral and double singly ionized impurities as functions of the position of the impurity in a GaAs quantum well of infinite depth and for various slab thicknesses. The effect of the spatially dependent screening is modeled with a dielectric response of the form ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$(r)=${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$+(1-${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}$ $^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$)${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}r/a}$, with a screening parameter a\ensuremath{\approxeq}1.1 a.u. characteristic of bulk GaAs. Results are compared with Bastard's theory, which is based on a constant-${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}$ screening, and it is found that spatially dependent screening effects are small for donors down to very thin slab thicknesses, but can be quite important for all acceptors in GaAs quantum wells over a large range of slab thicknesses. Calculated results with improved statistics are in quantitative agreement with experimental data on neutral donors and acceptors.
The Optimal Inventory Policy for Batch Ordering

We consider a single product dynamic inventory problem in which the demands in each period are independent and identically distributed random variables. There is a constant lead time, a discount factor 0 â¦ α â¦ 1, a unit ordering cost c and an expected holding and penalty cost function Li¾· for which -[cl-αy + Ly] is unimodal, and total backlogging of unfilled demand. In addition each order for stock must be in some nonnegative integral multiple of Q, a fixed positive constant. It is shown that the k, Q policy is optimal for the finite and infinite period models. With the k, Q policy if the initial inventory on hand and on order in a period is less than k, an order is placed for the smallest multiple of Q that will bring the inventory on hand and on order to at least k; otherwise, no order is placed. The optimal value of k is easy to compute and is the same for the finite and infinite period models. The results are generalized to the case where the demand distributions and cost functions vary over time. The k, Q policy is not optimal in general for the case where there is also a fixed charge for placing an order.
AdPalette: an algorithm for customizing online advertisements on the fly

Abstract In this paper, we address customization and dynamic optimization of online advertisements. For online ads that attract click-throughs, we use click through rates to develop a methodology for customizing advertisements on the fly by changing content, copy, placement, animation and other attributes. We use techniques from optimization, conjoint analysis and genetic algorithms. Ads are reconstituted on the fly using graphic files for each level of each attribute, much like a painter would use a palette. We show that this approach improves response rates, reduces server storage requirements and improves ad efficiency.
Attenuated Fibrinolysis and Accelerated Atherogenesis in Type II Diabetic Patients

Patients with hyperinsulinemia, defined by increased concentrations of IRI in plasma, experience increased cardiovascular mortality. In type II diabetic patients, the increase in IRI may reflect, in part, not only insulin but also proinsulinemia as a result of impaired conversion of proinsulin to insulin by pancreatic β-cells. High IRI is accompanied by attenuation of endogenous fibrinolytic activity and increased plasma PAI-1, the primary physiological inhibitor of t-PA. Concordant increases of plasma PAI-1 and plasma IRI appear to reflect direct effects of insulin and proinsulin on the synthesis and secretion of PAI-1 by endothelial and liver cells as judged from results of studies in vitro. Because attenuated fibrinolysis may predispose to thrombosis, the increased exposure of luminal surfaces of vessels to atherogenic, clot-associated mitogens and chemoattractants may activate macrophages and potentiate proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Accordingly, increased concentrations of plasma IRI may contribute to macrovascular disease in diabetic patients by Impairing endogenous fibrinolysis.
Role of age, post‐training consolidation, and conjunctive associations in the ontogeny of the context preexposure facilitation effect

The context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) is a variant of contextual fear conditioning in which context learning and context-shock associations occur on separate occasions. The CPFE with an immediate shock emerges between Postnatal Day (PND) 17 and 24 in the rat and depends on hippocampal NMDA-receptor function in PND 24 rats (Schiffino et al. [2011] Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 95(2):190–198). This study investigated this ontogenetic effect further and reports three findings: First, the CPFE is absent on PND 19 but emerges modestly in rats given exposure on PND 21. Second, the absence of the CPFE on PND 17 does not reflect inability to consolidate the context-shock association established on the training day. Lastly, the CPFE on PND 24 requires exposure to the combined features of the context. These results are the first to show that the early development of contextual fear conditioning depends on conjunctive representations and that processes underlying the CPFE begin to emerge around PND 21 in the rat. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 714–722, 2012.
Technology and the Social Studies--or: Which Way to the Sleeping Giant?.

(1997). Technology and the Social Studies—or: Which Way to the Sleeping Giant? Theory & Research in Social Education: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 511-514.
Preparation of Dimethyl and Chloro/Methyl Complexes of Platinum(II) Supported byα-Diimine Ligands: Trends in the Ease of Oxidation to Platinum(IV)

α-Diimine ligands react with the platinum(II) alkyl complexes [(Me2S)PtMe2]2 and (Me2S)2PtClMe to form (RDABR′)PtMe2 and (RDABR′)PtClMe (RDABR′=RN=CR′−CR′=NR; R=2,6-Me2Ph, 2,6-(CHMe2)2Ph, 3,5-Me2Ph, 3,5-(CF3)2Ph, C6H11; R′=Me, H). The oxidation of these complexes with Cl2, I2, N-chlorosuccinimide, [PtCl6]2− and (TMEDA)PtMe2I2 has been investigated. Attempts to determine the oxidation potentials of the PtII complexes electrochemically yielded only irreversible one-electron oxidations. However, a qualitative ordering of increasing difficulty of oxidation has been determined for the series (RDABR′)PtMe2<(RDABR′)PtClMe<(RDABR′)PtCl2≪(RDABR′)PtMe(solvent)]+. The oxidation proceeds via a two-electron inner-sphere electron transfer from a bridged binuclear intermediate. The oxidation of (RDABR′)PtMe2 by (TMEDA)PtMe2I2 exhibits characteristic third-order kinetics, first-order each in [PtII], [PtIV] and [I−]. Oxidation by a one-electron process in MeCN solution results in a rapid subsequent disproportionation to PtIIMe and PtIVMe3 cations with MeCN occupying the fourth or sixth coordination sites. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations for [(2,6-Me2PhDABMe)PtMe3(MeCN)]+[PtCl6]0.5(MeCN) and [(CyDABH)PtMe3(MeCN)]+[PtCl6]0.5(MeCN) are reported.
An overview of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents.

Adolescents 15 to 17 years of age and young adults 18 to 24 years of age have the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared with other age groups in the United States. Of the 15 million cases of STIs diagnosed annually in the United States over 25% (4 million) occur among teenagers. This review presents surveillance data that describe the STI morbidity and associated risk factors for some of the most common STIs among adolescents. (excerpt)
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation during cardiac hypertrophy reduces sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) transcription

Pathologic cardiac hypertrophy can lead to heart failure, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. SERCA2 is critical for normal cardiac calcium handling and function and SERCA2 mRNA and protein levels are reduced by cardiac hypertrophy. We hypothesized that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation during hypertrophy reduced SERCA2 transcription. Using a neonatal rat ventricular myocyte model of hypertrophy, we found that pharmacologic inhibitors of ERK activation preserve SERCA2 mRNA levels during hypertrophy. ERK activation is sufficient to reduce SERCA2 mRNA. We determined that ERK represses SERCA2 transcription via nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkB), and activation of NFkB is sufficient to reduce SERCA2 mRNA in cardiomyocytes. This work establishes novel connections between ERK, NFkB, and SERCA2 repression during cardiac hypertrophy. This mechanism may have implications for the progression of hypertrophy to heart failure.