cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An examination of motives underlying active sport tourist behavior: a market segmentation approach

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a preliminary sport tourism motivation scale (STMS) that detected unique active sport tourist segments according to their social psychological motives for traveling to a destination to compete in sport. Segments’ conative loyalty were also analyzed to gain a greater understanding of how underlying motives for sport event tourism influences consumers’ behavioral intentions. A convenient sampling approach was used to collect data from 380 athletes participating in the 2014 GoPro Mountain Games in Colorado. In developing the STMS, items derived from previously validated sport and tourism motivation scales were used to reduce and verify a parceled STMS factor structure. Confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded acceptable psychometric properties. Ward’s Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three segments: tourism-oriented, sport tourism enthusiasts, and sport-oriented. The sport tourism enthusiasts, who exhibited favorable valuations on each of the ...
The Bush Doctrine and the Norms of Preemptive and Preventive Intervention

In March 1999, after several attempts by the United Nations Security Council to compel Serbia into abandoning its policy of violence against ethnic Albanian separatists operating in Kosovo, the United States led NATO on a 90 day bombing campaign to prevent a humanitarian catastrophe. Nearly a decade later, in August 2008, citing Kosovo as a precedent and waving the flag of humanitarian intervention, Russian troops disregarded Georgian sovereignty to prevent what they perceived to be a genocide in South Ossetia and Abkhazia. At an emergency meeting of the Security Council, the Russian Permanent representative stated: There is still time to avoid further casualties, including among the civilian population. The Georgian leadership must reflect and must return to civilized means of resolving difficult issues related to a political settlement. The Russian Federation will continue its efforts to prevent any further bloodshed and to put the situation in South Ossetia back on a peaceful track.5 The message was clear. Russia would continue what it perceived to be a humanitarian intervention until the security of ethnic Russian civilians in Georgia could be assured.
Association of early changes in 1H MRSI parameters with survival for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma receiving a multimodality treatment regimen.

Background The heterogeneous biology of glioblastoma (GBM) emphasizes the need for imaging methods to assess tumor burden and assist in evaluating individual patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate early changes in metrics from 3D 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data, compare them with anatomic lesion volumes, and determine whether they were associated with survival for patients with newly diagnosed GBM receiving a multimodality treatment regimen. Methods Serial MRI and MRSI scans provided estimates of anatomic lesion volumes and levels of choline, creatine, N-acetylaspartate, lactate, and lipid. The association of metrics derived from these data with survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustments for age, Karnofsky performance score, and extent of resection. Temporal changes in parameters were evaluated using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results Anatomic lesion volumes at the post-radiotherapy (RT) scan, metabolic lesion volume at mid-RT and post-RT scans, as well as metrics describing levels of choline, lactate, and lipid were associated with overall survival. There was a significant reduction in the enhancing lesion volume, increase in T2 lesion volume from mid-RT to post-RT, and decrease in parameters describing metabolite levels during these early time points. Conclusion The MRSI data provided metrics that described the effects of treatment on the metabolic lesion burden and were associated with overall survival. This suggests that adding these parameters to standard assessments of changes in anatomic lesion volumes could contribute to making early decisions about the efficacy of such combination therapies.
Music and Montesquieu's Climate Theory in the Criticism of Joseph Baretti and His English Contemporaries

Montesquieu’s climatological theory of character played an important role in English musical criticism in the third quarter of the eighteenth century and helped form an intellectual basis for an English critique of Italian comic opera in the sentimental mode. Critics like Joseph Baretti used Montesquieu’s theory to conceptualize relationships between music, audience, and environment. They were drawn to Montesquieu not simply because his political ideas were popular, but also because his thought was directly engaged with midcentury concerns about music’s power over the body, its role in climatic determinism, and the important part it could play in a civil society.
Psychosocial employment characteristics and postpartum maternal mental health symptoms

Introduction For new mothers returning to work, the role of the workplace psychosocial environment on maternal mental health has not been fully described. Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between psychosocial employment characteristics and mothers’ postpartum depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Methods Ninety-seven women answered survey questions regarding employment, job demand, control, and support, and postpartum depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms soon after live birth and 6 months later. Results Working and nonworking mothers reported similar mental health symptoms. Psychological characteristics of employment were not associated with increased odds of mental health symptoms. Increased social support provided by coworkers, supervisors, and the organization was associated with reduced odds of anxiety symptoms. Conclusion Our findings identified lack of workplace social support as a modifiable risk factor for postpartum anxiety. Future evaluations of workplace social support interventions may be explored to improve postpartum mental health symptoms. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resource or Capability? A Dissection of SMEs' it Infrastructure Flexibility and its Relationship with it Responsiveness

For SMEs, responsiveness to change is a critical survival capability. Practitioners believe that IT infrastructure flexibility contributes to responsiveness, yet empirical evidence is sparse. The purpose of this research is to empirically test the relationship between IT infrastructure flexibility, as measured on four dimensions, and IT responsiveness in SMEs context. Two research questions are answered by this study: first, does IT infrastructure flexibility help achieve IT responsiveness, and second, does each IT flexibility dimension affect IT responsiveness directly or indirectly. According to the resource-based theory, we speculate that, of the four IT flexibility dimensions, connectivity, compatibility, modularity, and IT personnel competency, only the latter two have a direct impact on IT responsiveness. Industrial data was collected from 233 SMEs and analyzed using PLS. The results confirm the positive relationship between IT infrastructure flexibility and IT responsiveness. The findings also prov...
Karenni Youth, Multilingual Practices, and Transnational Literacy

The chapter focuses on the participants’ transnational multilingual repertoires and how they utilize both previously and recently acquired languages in various ways and settings. The discussion also includes how linguistic practices such as translanguaging serve as an alternative in communication and in situations that require English language and literacy.
The Conflict Skills Classroom as Social Microcosm

This essay opens with two very different classrooms, one in a state correctional facility for women and another in a Protestant seminary housed in a university. Anger flares in both rooms, and Bounds observes that, despite their obvious differences, both classrooms afford the opportunity to learn through conflict. The classroom is a microcosm for studying conflict, for understanding one’s response to it, and for building capacity to engage it constructively. Bounds also uses these two microcosms to focus on issues of power in conflict and in transformation processes. Structural power is overtly displayed in the prison, and the conflicts among the incarcerated women cannot be understood apart from that institution. However, forms of structural power also shape the seminary classroom where students are differently positioned by race, ethnicity, educational background, and class. This essay calls teachers to attend to the forms of structural power at play in their classrooms and to learn through the conflicts that arise there.
Surface-climbing Planar Induction Motor

This paper presents simplified design of a planar induction motor climbing an inclined steel plate. The motor set-up consists of two individually controlled linear motors firmly coupled via an aluminum frame with a drive system to provide 1-D translational and rotational motion. The motor set-up is also equipped with a position sensor to locate the mover in real time. To simplify the motor structure a strategy is deployed to have the steel plate functioning as a partial magnetic circuit of the motor set-up simultaneously providing thrust and attractive force between the motor and the inclined steel plane. The proposed model is analyzed using 3-D Ansoft, Finite Element Software Package.
CHANGES IN THE SITUATION OF DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS IN THE LITHUANIAN LABOUR MARKET AND THE INFLUENCE OF METHODICAL DIFFERENCES ON RELATIVE UNEMPLOYMENT INDICATORS

The paper analyses employment, activity and unemployment trends in Lithuania by sex and age, with thefocus on the monitoring of the labour market situation of different demographic groups. The possibilities of integratingwomen and men, elderly and young people into the labour market are evaluated using key labour market indicators. Differentunemployment estimation methods are used for the assessment of changes in the labour market situation of differentdemographic groups in Lithuania. Statistical data analysis is supplemented by the results of individual research.
New ligation independent cloning vectors for expression of recombinant proteins with a self-cleaving CPD/6xHis-tag.

Recombinant protein purification is a crucial step for biochemistry and structural biology fields. Rapid robust purification methods utilize various peptide or protein tags fused to the target protein for affinity purification using corresponding matrices and to enhance solubility. However, affinity/solubility-tags often need to be removed in order to conduct functional and structural studies, adding complexities to purification protocols. In this work, the Vibrio cholerae MARTX toxin Cysteine Protease Domain (CPD) was inserted in a ligation-independent cloning (LIC) vector to create a C-terminal 6xHis-tagged inducible autoprocessing enzyme tag, called “the CPD-tag”. The pCPD and alternative pCPD/ccdB cloning vectors allow for easy insertion of DNA and expression of the target protein fused to the CPD-tag, which is removed at the end of the purification step by addition of the inexpensive small molecule inositol hexakisphosphate to induce CPD autoprocessing. This process is demonstrated using a small bacterial membrane localization domain and for high yield purification of the eukaryotic small GTPase KRas. Subsequently, pCPD was tested with 40 proteins or sub-domains selected from a high throughput crystallization pipeline. pCPD vectors are easily used LIC compatible vectors for expression of recombinant proteins with a C-terminal CPD/6xHis-tag. Although intended only as a strategy for rapid tag removal, this pilot study revealed the CPD-tag may also increase expression and solubility of some recombinant proteins.
Practicing Social Justice: Toward a Practice-Based Approach to Learning to Teach for Social Justice

Currently, teacher preparation that is primarily focused on social justice occurs through internal reflection: reflection on one’s own dispositions, identity, experiences, commitments, and beliefs. In this chapter, I propose a curricular and pedagogical framework for promoting reflection on issues of justice and equity that is practice based. Weaving together concepts from scholarship on multicultural education and scholarship on core practices of teaching, the framework offers curricular and pedagogical tools for teacher education that is anchored in practice and aimed at issues of identity, power, privilege, and equity. To date, the preparation of teachers for social justice work has primarily been understood as a process of dispositional change rather than a process of developing professional judgment and repertoires of practice. In this chapter, I argue for a shift toward the specification of justice-oriented teaching practices. Specifying practice allows teacher educators to engage preservice teachers in representations, decompositions, approximations, and reflections of and on episodes of teaching that intentionally bring social justice issues to the fore. When teacher educators can scaffold preservice teachers’ early attempts at social justice teaching by bounding and specifying teaching activities and social justice goals, they can create spaces of practice within which preservice teachers can reflect on how justice and equity play out in the fine-grained interactions that make up the work of teaching.
Technologist-Directed Repeat Musculoskeletal and Chest Radiographs: How Often Do They Impact Diagnosis?

OBJECTIVE. Radiologic technologists may repeat images within a radiographic examination because of perceived suboptimal image quality, excluding these original images from submission to a PACS. Thi...
The Non-Pathological Variability of Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials

The impetus for intraoperative spinal cord monitoring during procedures like Harrington instrumentation for scoliosis, stems from 2 findings: 1) that some patients awaken from surgery with spinal cord dysfunction (Vauzelle et al., 1973; MacEwen et al., 1975), and 2) the problem is usually reversible, providing the rod is removed within a few hours of insertion (MacEwen et al., 1975). This latter observation indicates that whatever the lesion may be, it is not immediately irreversible. Instead, a period of time exists during which the surgeon can both detect that a potentially serious problem is arising and take steps to abort it.
Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity in Inorganic Chemistry

The concept of aromaticity, initially introduced for organic compounds, has significantly expanded to include inorganic species and proved to be a useful tool to rationalize their structures, bonding, and properties. Inorganic rings often exhibit aromaticity, antiaromaticity, or conflicting aromaticity of a more complex nature compared to aromaticity/antiaromaticity of prototypical organic molecules. In this chapter, we review theoretically predicted and/or experimentally isolated main group and transition metal compounds which exhibit aromaticity, antiaromaticity, or conflicting aromaticity.
Flexible pavement layer moduli determination : an adaptive artificial neural network approach

OF THE THESIS FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT LAYER MODULI DETERMINATION: AN ADAPTIVE ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH by Michael A. Adeife Florida International University, 1996 Dr. Sylvan C. Jolibois, Jr. Major Professor The estimation of pavement layer moduli through the use of an artificial neural network is a new concept which provides a less strenuous strategy for backcalculation procedures. Artificial Neural Networks are biologically inspired models of the human nervous system. They are specifically designed to carry out a mapping characteristic. This study demonstrates how an artificial neural network uses non-destructive pavement test data in determining flexible pavement layer moduli. The input parameters include plate loadings, corresponding sensor deflections, temperature of pavement surface, pavement layer thicknesses and independently deduced pavement layer moduli.
Effects on Immune Responses

In recent years, considerable interest has developed on the relationship between microwave exposure and alteration of the immune response. The immune system is a physiological defense against a large spectrum of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, tumors, toxins from organisms, and miscellaneous chemical substances. There is considerable adaptability and redundancy in the immune system. Thus, many perturbations of the immune response may not have clinical significance (Roberts, 1983). The immune response is initiated by the introduction of a foreign substance, called an antigen. The immune system can respond specifically and nonspecifically to challenge. It can recognize nonspecifically (as nonself) an offender that the host has not encountered previously. The responsive cells can produce antigen-specific or nonspecific mediators that recruit other immunocompetent cells. In fact, recruitment of cells and so-called “arming”or activation of cells are major features of the immune response. The true immune system consists of cells that are specialized for defense, broadly classified into phagocytic cells and lymphoid cells, and cell-derived humoral substances such as antibodies and complement (Roberts, 1983; Roberts et al., 1986).
Universal attachment: an integration method for logic hybrids

Hybrid representation systems have proven to be essential for successful knowledge-based problem solving. Logic hybrids, which contain a representation component based on axiomatic representations and deduction, comprise a particularly important subclass of hybrid systems. In this dissertation, we present the integration method of universal attachment for use in constructing logic hybrids. Universal attachment is based on links, referred to themselves as universal attachments, that connect expressions in a logic to programs and data in arbitrary representation languages. Deduction serves as the primary reasoning mechanism in universal attachment systems. However, when expressions with attachments are encountered during the inference process, the corresponding attached data and programs are used to directly evaluate those expressions. Universal attachment has several advantages over other attachment-based integration methods, including greater expressiveness and modularity. Universal attachment is defined formally as an inference rule in an extended logical framework and is shown to satisfy an appropriate condition of soundness. The completeness of the rule is established for first-order theories on the condition that the set of attachments in use satisfies a simple closure constraint. In contrast, other attachment methods are shown to be inherently incomplete. The dissertation also addresses more practical issues related to the use of logic hybrids. A set of policies is presented that provide guidance in exploiting the expanded representational and inferential capabilities of logic hybrids. These policies are based on experimental results obtained using an implemented universal attachment system. A procedure for automatically generating universal attachments is also defined. The procedure uses an extension of logic compilation techniques to produce new programs and attachments to those programs from a base set of previously defined attachments and programs. It is shown that the generation procedure can produce sizable collections of useful attachments and as such is a valuable specification tool for users of attachment systems.
Astrophysically Important 31S States Studied with the 32S(p,d)31S Reaction

In nova outbursts on oxygen-neon white dwarfs, the $^{30}\mathrm{P}$($p,\ensuremath{\gamma}$)$^{31}\mathrm{S}$ reaction plays a crucial role in the synthesis of heavier nuclear species, from Si to Ca. However, this important rate is very uncertain as a result of the lack of spectroscopic information on most of the levels above the proton threshold in $^{31}\mathrm{S}$. To reduce these uncertainties, we have measured differential cross sections for the $^{32}\mathrm{S}$($p,d$)$^{31}\mathrm{S}$ reaction and determined excitation energies for states in $^{31}\mathrm{S}$. A total of 26 states in $^{31}\mathrm{S}$ were observed, including 17 above the proton threshold. Five new states were observed. Spins and parities were determined or constrained for 15 of the observed levels through a distorted wave Born approximation analysis of the angular distributions, of which six were made for the first time. We have evaluated 66 levels using existing data in combination with this measurement and calculated a new $^{30}\mathrm{P}$($p,\ensuremath{\gamma}$)$^{31}\mathrm{S}$ reaction rate. We confirmed the spin-parity assignment of ${1/2}^{+}$ for the state at 6263 keV which dominates the $^{30}\mathrm{P}$($p,\ensuremath{\gamma}$)$^{31}\mathrm{S}$ reaction rate at lower temperatures in novae, while the state at 6544 keV dominates at temperatures above 0.2 GK. Our results indicate that the $^{30}\mathrm{P}$($p,\ensuremath{\gamma}$)$^{31}\mathrm{S}$ rate is reduced by up to a factor of 10 at nova temperatures compared to previous estimates.
Production and Welfare: Progress in Economic Measurement

While the GDP was intended by its originators as a measure of production, the absence of a measure of welfare in the national accounts has led to widespread misuse of the GDP to proxy welfare. Measures of welfare are needed to appraise the outcomes of changes in economic policies and evaluate the results. Concepts that describe the income distribution, such as poverty and inequality, fall within the scope of welfare rather than production. This paper reviews recent advances in the measurement of production and welfare within the national accounts, primarily in the United States and the international organizations. Expanding the framework beyond the national accounts has led to important innovations in the measurement of both production and welfare.
Drug-induced Injury, Infections, and Congenital and Miscellaneous Disorders

Aside from gastroesophageal reflux disease and eosinophilic esophagitis, various other inflammatory and congenital disorders can affect the esophagus. This chapter discusses this wide variety of esophageal abnormalities and highlights their characteristic pathologic features. The most common of these abnormalities are infectious and treatment/drug-induced disorders—both are very frequently encountered by the practicing surgical pathologist and can have pathognomonic histologic features, which can be supported by special studies (e.g., fungal and viral infections). Other conditions such as congenital/developmental disorders are less frequently encountered in practice but are also well described here. Some histologic patterns of injuries, such as lymphocytic esophagitis and esophagitis dissecans superficialis, are rather unique and can be associated with a number of clinical conditions; the pathology of these lesions is detailed here. Further, the esophagus can sometimes get involved in systemic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including those primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract (Crohn’s disease) or the skin (e.g., lichen planus). This chapter also discusses mechanical and corrosive esophageal injuries, as well as esophageal achalasia, an esophageal motility disorder characterized by incomplete lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, which results in increased lower esophageal sphincter tone and lack of peristalsis of the esophagus. Finally, pathological features of other benign lesions such as hyperplastic polyps, squamous papilloma, glycogenic acanthosis, and other miscellaneous conditions are also discussed.
Improved accuracy and confidence with multiple-lead recordings from a single-lead mobile electrocardiographic device.

BACKGROUND Mobile electrocardiograms (mECGs) utilizing smartphone applications are an emerging technology. Typically, a Lead I rhythm strip is recorded. However, interpretation can be difficult in patients with sinus rhythm and low amplitude P-waves (SR-LAP) or atrial flutter (AFL). We hypothesized that patients could independently obtain multi-lead tracings using a commercial mECG device, and that cardiologists who interpreted the multi-lead tracings would make more accurate diagnoses and have more confidence in their interpretation compared to a single lead only. METHODS Thirty sets of recordings were obtained from 10 patients with either SR-LAP or AFL that was not apparent on Lead I on a standard ECG. Patients recorded Lead I, Lead II, and Lead V1 tracings using AliveCor's KardiaMobile mECG device. Twenty-nine cardiologists reviewed each patient's Lead I tracing, multi-lead tracings (Leads I, II, V1), and 12-lead ECG. Accuracy was noted and each cardiologist rated their level of confidence in their interpretation. RESULTS All patients were able to record their own single and multi-lead tracings. Single lead, multi-lead, and the 12-lead ECG yielded 36.4%, 84.3%, and 97.7% agreement with the established diagnosis, respectively (P < .01 for each comparison). Overall mean confidence scores (out of a score of 5) were 2.95, 3.50, and 4.47 for single lead, multi-lead, and the 12-lead ECG, respectively (P < .01 for each comparison). CONCLUSIONS Patients were able to record their own multi-lead mECG tracings. Compared to a single lead recording, multi-lead mECGs significantly improved cardiologists' diagnostic accuracy and confidence in their interpretation approaching that of a standard 12-lead ECG.
Participatory AI: Reducing AI Bias and Developing Socially Responsible AI in Smart Cities

As smart cities evolve, artificial intelligence (AI) will increasingly be used to manage decisions for how cities operate. For everything from incarceration sentencing, city pension appropriation, surveillance and infrastructure management, AI will play a role. The author argues that implementing AI for a smart city should be decided similarly to how cities decide on major infrastructural planning projects. For both, there are social and ethical implications of deployment. A protocol is proposed for smart city AI so that AI can be seen as an ethical and trustworthy city asset rather than an adversary fraught with controversy and bias. This is achieved through participatory AI - the marriage of a fully transparent data architecture, such as the blockchain, and the urban planning practice of participatory planning. The diversity of opinions that participatory AI affords enables cities to facilitate socially responsible AI outcomes.
Process gas influence on microstructure and mechanical behavior of Inconel 718 fabricated via selective laser melting

The influence of process gas on porosity, microstructure, and mechanical properties of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 (IN718) produced via selective laser melting (SLM) was investigated. Density and surface roughness of as-built parts were similar for samples built under nitrogen and argon environments. After hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and precipitation-hardening heat treatments, argon-processed specimen had finer, more uniform grain structures, and increased room-temperature tensile failure strains (> 24%) and yield strengths (> 4%) compared with nitrogen-processed specimen. Elemental analysis showed no variation in composition or nitride precipitate concentration with environment. Larger melt pool structure and heat-treated grain size were produced under argon when laser focus shift was varied away from focal plane, while under nitrogen grain refinement was observed when focus shift is moved in the positive direction. These changes in microstructure are reflected in mechanical properties; the highest strength and ductility is achieved in argon-processed samples at the laser focal plane. To clarify the contribution of thermal conductivity, density, and refractive index of process gas to these observations, samples were built under helium and surface finish and microstructure were evaluated. It was determined that laser interaction with process byproducts is most responsible for differences in as-printed and heat-treated microstructures under each protective environment.
The current status of peptic ulcer hemorrhage in upper digestive tract in elderly patients and its influencing factors

Objective To provide support for clinical treatment and effective prevention of ulcer hemorrhage in upper digestive tract by exploring the current status of this condition in elderly people and exploring the possible influencing factors.Methods The data on 331 patients who had been diagnosed in our hospital during the period of January 2008 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into elderly group (≥60 years,114 patients) and non-elderly group (＜ 60 years,217 patients) according to their ages.The etiologies and coexisting diseases were analyzed and then compared between the two groups.Results The rate of two or more coexisting diseases was higher in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (50.88％ vs.16.13％,P＜0.01).The rates of mental stress or overstrain and history of smoking and alcohol drinking were higher in the non-elderly group than in the elderly group,with a significant statistical difference (P＜0.01).The rate of Helicobacter pylori infection was higher in the non-elderly group than in the elderly group (44.74％ vs.61.75％,P＜0.01).The percentage of taking antihypertensive drugs,anticoagulant drugs,or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alone or combination therapy was higher in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group,with a significant statistical difference (P＜0.01).Conclusions Active treatment of underlying diseases,rational uses of antihypertensive drugs,NSAIDs,and anticoagulant agents are of important significance in the prevention and treatment of ulcer hemorrhage in upper digestive tract. Key words: Elderly; Hemorrhage in upper digestive tract; Status; Influencing factors
Plasmablastic lymphoma presenting as a soft tissue mass associated with a chronic wound in an immunocompetent patient

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily affects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive patients but can arise in other immunocompromised states such as transplant recipients, as well as in immunocompetent patients. The neoplastic cells express an immunophenotype that resembles plasma cells, in that they usually do not express CD20 (or may be weakly positive) but do express markers of plasmacytic differentiation such as CD38, CD138, or MUM1/IRF4. These tumors generally have high mitotic activity, evidenced by a high Ki-67 proliferation index. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is frequently detected within the tumor and is thought to have a pathogenic role in the development of PBL. The earliest descriptions of PBL were as oral cavity lesions. PBL most frequently present as a mass in extranodal regions of the head and neck. Presentation as a soft tissue mass is very uncommon. In this article, we present an immunocompetent 50-year-old male patient who presented with a soft tissue left heel mass in the setting of chronic ulceration, subsequently diagnosed as PBL.
Parenting in a Pandemic: Work–Family Arrangements, Well‐Being , and Intimate Relationships Among Adoptive Parents

The COVID‐19 pandemic presents unforeseen challenges to families This mixed‐methods study aimed to address how 89 adoptive parents (lesbian, gay, heterosexual) with school‐age children are navigating a major public health crisis with social, economic, and mental health consequences Specifically of interest were adoptive parents' worries and concerns;work–family arrangements;and mental, physical, and relational health, in the context of the pandemic and associated quarantine Findings revealed that 70% of participants had changed work situations, with most newly working from home just as their children initiated remote homeschooling The division of labor was rarely a source of stress, although the parent who was more involved in homeschooling sometimes experienced resentment Concerns related to the pandemic included worries about health and children's emotional well‐being and global concerns such as the national economy Almost half reported declines in mental health (e g , due to the stress of working and homeschooling), with lesbians being significantly more likely than others to report declines Declines in physical health were rarer (less than 20%), with more than a quarter reporting improvements (e g , due to increased exercise) Few reported declines in relationship quality, although almost a quarter reported declines in intimacy Findings have implications for family and health professionals
Development of Healthcare Transition Policy and Concepts

The evolution of healthcare transition (HCT) as a field of practice and research has been measured and, at times, restrained. The ongoing arrival of adolescents and emerging adults into adult health care continues to be unrelenting, creating significant pressures on both the pediatric and adult systems of care. Neither of these systems is well prepared to provide the needed services to this population to effect a smooth uninterrupted transfer from pediatric to adult care and to ensure care is established with the team of adult primary and specialty care providers. This chapter will provide a historical context of the origins of the field of HCT that have influenced its development and current status. Presentation of the national conferences convened and position statements generated in the late 1980s and during the 1990s will be reviewed as to their importance with influencing the direction of the field. Government initiatives that were first enacted in the late 1990s and subsequently in the years to come up to the present will be described as to the provision of needed resources to enable the growth of the field. The investment of federal funding and identification of transition as a priority of care in the Title V Programs for Children with Special Health Care Needs will be explicated. The federal commitment to transition as identified now in Healthy People 2020 is presented as another example of the governmental policy support that has enable this field to move forward. This chapter will conclude with examples of the efforts undertaken more recently by HCT experts to contribute to its emerging body of evidence and development and implementation of practice models.
Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Case-control Study.

Background Epidemiological findings on dietary fat intake and risk of pancreatic cancer (PanC) are inconsistent. Objective This study aimed to determine the association between types of dietary fat intake and PanC. Methods We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in 957 pathologically confirmed PanC cases and 938 cancer-free controls. Cases and controls were frequency matched by age, sex and race. Dietary information was collected using a self-administered validated food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PanC risk by quintiles of fat intake with the lowest quintile as referent and with adjustment for other risk factors and dietary factors. Results We observed no difference in (median) intake of total fat standardized for energy among cases versus controls. The multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) of the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake (ORQ5 vs Q1) was 2.51 (1.68-3.72) for fat from animal sources and 0.41 (0.29-0.58) fat from plant sources. Intakes of total monounsaturated (MUFA), total polyunsaturated (PUFA), linoleic (n-6) and long chain n-3 fatty acids were inversely associated with PanC [ORQ5 vs Q1 and 95% CI: 0.55 (0.36-0.82), 0.59 (0.42-0.82), 0.64 (0.43, 0.84, and 0.60 (0.42-0.84), respectively]. Arachidonic acid (n-6) and several saturated fatty acids were positively associated with PanC. Conclusion While some observed associations with pancreatic cancer risk could be explained by reverse-causation, the potential protective associations with intakes of largely plant-derived PUFAs and MUFAs and fish-derived long chain n-3 PUFAs warrant further prospective investigation.
Crediting Six Discoverers of Oxygen

Recent events have called long-overdue attention to one of the first investigators to discover the roles of something in air changing the color of the pulmonary blood flowing through the lung.
Using Self-Similarity to Cluster Large Data Sets

Clustering is a widely used knowledge discovery technique. It helps uncovering structures in data that were not previously known. The clustering of large data sets has received a lot of attention in recent years, however, clustering is a still a challenging task since many published algorithms fail to do well in scaling with the size of the data set and the number of dimensions that describe the points, or in finding arbitrary shapes of clusters, or dealing effectively with the presence of noise. In this paper, we present a new clustering algorithm, based in self-similarity properties of the data sets. Self-similarity is the property of being invariant with respect to the scale used to look at the data set. While fractals are self-similar at every scale used to look at them, many data sets exhibit self-similarity over a range of scales. Self-similarity can be measured using the fractal dimension. The new algorithm which we call Fractal Clustering (FC) places points incrementally in the cluster for which the change in the fractal dimension after adding the point is the least. This is a very natural way of clustering points, since points in the same cluster have a great degree of self-similarity among them (and much less self-similarity with respect to points in other clusters). FC requires one scan of the data, is suspendable at will, providing the best answer possible at that point, and is incremental. We show via experiments that FC effectively deals with large data sets, high-dimensionality and noise and is capable of recognizing clusters of arbitrary shape.
Affirmative Action or Increased Competition: A Look at Women and Minority Library Deans.

Summary Library literature is replete with the discussion of affirmative action and diversity initiatives yet little statistical analysis exists with regard to the gains made by women and minorities in top management positions. Can Title IX legislation and affirmative action efforts be linked to the promotion of women and minorities in academic libraries? Have these legislative developments served to increase competition between these groups? This article looks at the last twelve years of gender and race data for eighty-sis academic libraries in eight National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I conferences. White women have increased their numbers as deans in this selected sample while women and men of color continue to have a very small presence in top library management. Additionally, analysis demonstrates that the gains made by women and minorities occur in specific regions of the United States.
E-Commerce Law Report: Live Face on Web, LLC v. Howard Stern Productions, Inc., et al.

On June 3, 2008, Live Face On Web, LLC (“LFOW”) commenced an action for declaratory and injunctive relief and damages against Howard Stern Productions, Inc (“HSP”), Cameo HD, Xstream Broadcasting Networks, Entertainment Services, Robert P. Perna, Frederick A. Horowitz, Douglas Drossman and Brian Sheil (collectively “Cameo defendants”) in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The action arises from the Cameo defendants’ alleged misappropriation of LFOW’s proprietary software and offering of said software to HSP for use on the HSP website. The most recent development in the case is an order from the Court dismissing all but one of the claims - vicarious copyright infringement - asserted by LFOW against HSP.
Planning principles from the Rubik Cube

In 1980 the perfect Christmas gift for friends was the Rubik Cube. Such a gift was well suited to teach humility and if the two of you remained friends, it relieved all anxiety about the choice of a birthday present in 1981. You gave one of the instruction manuals that quickly appeared on the market. Although Erno Rubik is identified as a Hungarian architect, some of us now believe he is the originator of the best structural model for institutional planning in higher education. Solution of the cube obviously requires sound planning principles, and those who would encourage more systematic planning in colleges and universities are advised to let presidents, deans, and department heads spend at least several weeks with a Rubik Cube in their hands. No other technique promises such a facile grasp of planning principles or induces mental attitudes so becoming to institutional planning.
Visual behaviors of the migratory grasshopper, melanoplus sanguinipes F. (Orthoptera : Acrididae)

The visual behavior of adult Melanoplus sanguinipesF. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) was investigated by placing individuals in the center of an arena and recording their orientation responses to visual targets at the perimeter of the arena. Targets that reflected more 540- to 570-nm light were approached more frequently; however, when reflectance in the 540 -to 570-nm region was combined with reflectance in the 400- to 520-nm region, orientation responses were reduced significantly. This suggests that spectral discrimination in M. sanguinipesinvolves at least two classes of photoreceptors, which respond to different regions of the wavelength spectrum. In addition, grasshoppers oriented to vertical, but not horizontal, contrasting stripes. However, when vertical stripes were added to targets reflecting 520- to 650-nm light, responses to verticals on these targets were not enhanced relative to verticals presented against a target background of 400- to 520-nm + 520- to 650-nm light. Thus, spectral discrimination and vertical stripe fixation appear to be two distinct visual behaviors, controlled by outputs from two classes of photoreceptors and a single class of photoreceptors, respectively, and may be used in different physiological or ecological contexts.
Whistler waves observed near lunar crustal magnetic sources

[1] We present Lunar Prospector Magnetometer (LP MAG) observations of monochromatic circularly polarized low frequency waves at frequencies of 0.4–4 Hz near the Moon. We observe such waves on about 6.6% of LP orbits in the solar wind, outside of the lunar wake. About a third of them occur on orbits when we also observe external magnetic enhancements (“limb shocks”), and most are clearly associated with lunar crustal magnetic sources, indicating an origin related to solar wind interaction with lunar magnetic fields. The inferred propagation vectors and polarizations of these waves are consistent with the expected characteristics of whistler-mode waves. These observations could indicate either upstream whistler waves produced at shock surfaces above lunar crustal magnetic sources, or phase-standing whistler wakes formed by direct solar wind interaction with lunar crustal magnetic fields.
Pupil to limbus ratio: Introducing a simple objective measure using two-box method for measuring early anisocoria and progress of pupillary change in the ICU.

Introduction: Measurement of static pupillary size in the ICU is of importance in cases of acutely expanding intracranial mass lesions. The inaccuracies with subjective assessment of pupillary size by medical personnel preclude its use in emergent neurological situations. Objective: To determine if the ratio of pupil to limbus diameter (PLD ratio) measured by a two-box method is a reliable measure of pupil size for detecting early anisocoria and measuring pupillary changes. Materials and Methods: The PLD ratio was defined as the ratio of the pupillary diameter measured at a para-horizontal axial plane with the limbus diameter measured at the same or parallel axial plane. A two-box method was used to estimate the diameters of imaged pupils. Eyes were imaged using an iPhone 4S cellphone camera. Background illumination was measured and kept constant. The pupils of a 78-year-old woman, who presented with a large intra-axial parenchymal hemorrhage, were imaged. The patient had left pupillary miosis in dark but not in bright light. After presenting this case along with the images of the pupillary examination, a group of 21 medical staff were asked several questions on the pupillary examination. Reliability of PLD ratio were assessed via standard error of mean (S.E.M) of PLD ratios for 3 different subjects each imaged under constant illumination and fixation but from different angles to the optical axis. Results: Analysis of questionnaire data together with PLD ratios revealed that ~ 14% and 10% of participants could estimate the pupillary size in darkness and bright light respectively but none were simultaneously accurate indicating that subjective assessment of pupillary size was unreliable. The approach towards a systematic pupillary examination was inconsistent among the participants. The PLD ratio was found to be a reliable measure of pupillary size with standard error of mean below 0.1 mm for the three subjects tested. Conclusion: Static pupillary sizes can be objectively and consistently evaluated using PLD ratios using a two-box method. PLD ratios are resistant, within limits, to changes in imaging angle or choice of para-horizontal axes for measurement.
Consumer Welfare Loss Estimates for Differentiated Food Product Markets

The magnitude of static welfare losses associated with oligopoly market power in the U.S. food manufacturing industries is controversial. Having accurate estimates of these losses is important for the allocation of antitrust enforcement efforts. Parker and Connor, using two structure-conduct-performance (SCP) crosssectional models,' were among the first to estimate the magnitude of welfare losses for the U.S. food manufacturing industries. They estimated the deadweight consumer welfare loss (DWL) to be between 0.16 and 0.45 percent of the value of 1975 food industry shipments, and total consumer overcharge (the sum of the deadweight loss triangle plus the income transfer) to range between 7.9 percent and 11.5 percent of food shipments. While the SCP models have provided useful insights, a criticism of these models is that they are not derived from explicit theoretical models (Schmalensee). This criticism led researchers to develop new welfare loss formulas based on oligopoly models that incorporate explicit firm pricing rules (Dickson and Yu; Willner; Willner and Stahl). Until the late 1980s, mathematical tractability confined these models to considering only homogeneous goods. Connor and Peterson (1994) showed that the average deadweight loss estimate for U.S. food manufacturing using various oligopoly models ranged
Empirically and Theoretically–Based Models for Predicting Brominated Ozonated By–Products

Abstract During water treatment, ozonation of waters containing bromide ion producesboth organic and inorganic disinfection byproducts. Bromide ion concentrations in U.S. waters range from 0.01 to 2 mg/L (Krasner, 1989). Bromoformand dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) are the major organic byproducts and bromateion is the major inorganic byproduct derived from ozonation. Bromoform is a known carcinogen and the existence of bromate ion in water supplies also is of public health concern (Lykins, 1986). Bromate ion causes renal failure and hearing loss in laboratory animals and in human beings (Kruithof, 1992). The provisional guideline for bromate ion as proposed by the World Health Organization is 25 pg/L and may be exceeded in water treatment processesusing ozone. Also draft drinking water regulations in the U.S. will specify a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 µg/L for bromate ion and a bestavailable treatment (BAT) of pH adjustment.
Plasma Synthesis of a Novel CF3-Dominated Fluorocarbon Film

Synthesis of a novel new fluorocarbon film is reported. This film is obtained by plasma polymerization of a trimer mixture of substituted perfluorohexenses (C9F18). Use of low duty cycle pulsed or lower energy continuous-wave plasmas provides films in which −CF3 groups are the dominant functional group present. These −CF3 rich films are exceptionally hydrophobic as revealed by water angle measurements.