cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interclinician and intraclinician variability in the mechanics of the pivot shift test for posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow

Hypothesis Posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow results from injury to the lateral collateral ligament complex from trauma or iatrogenic injury. The lateral pivot-shift test (PST) is standard for diagnosing PLRI, but its subjectivity affects diagnosis and makes it difficult to train young surgeons. A well-controlled investigation has not been done to quantify interclinician and intraclinician variability in PST mechanics in the intact and unstable elbow. The authors predict that there exist differences in PST mechanics between clinicians. Materials and methods Five unpaired elbow specimens underwent PST intact and after sequential sectioning of lateral stabilizing ligaments. Multiple PST trials were performed on each specimen by 3 clinicians (1 expert, 2 in-training) while 3-dimensional motion and loads were recorded. Intraclinician and interclinician variability were analyzed. Results Mean supination torque, valgus torque, and axial force were 3.6 ± 1.9 Nm, 5.6 ± 3.1 Nm, and –8.3 ± 15.7 N, respectively. Mean radial head displacement was 13.7 ± 4.6 mm. There were no significant differences in these measures after sequential ligament sectioning. One surgeon (in-training 2) applied significantly greater axial compressive forces across the elbow joint (5-9 N difference). Variability of axial force (380% ± 473%) was greater than that of supination torque (20% ± 11%), valgus torque (14% ± 4%), and radial head displacement (8% ± 6%; P Discussion The clinicians performed the PST consistently and with comparable loads, with the exception of axial compressive force across the radiohumeral joint, which varied across clinicians by 1 to 2 pounds (5-9 N). Conclusion This study suggests that the PST is a mechanically reproducible clinical examination, despite differing levels of training in performing the maneuver. With the exception of axial force, PST mechanics are highly repeatable for a given surgeon applying the test on a single specimen.
Vezf1/DB1 is an endothelial cell-specific transcription factor that regulates expression of the endothelin-1 promoter

Coordinated gene regulation within the vascular endothelium is required for normal cardiovascular patterning during development and for vascular homeostasis during adulthood, yet little is known about the mechanisms that regulate endothelial transcriptional events. Vascular endothelial zinc finger 1 (Vezf1)/DB1 is a recently identified zinc finger-containing protein that is expressed specifically within endothelial cells during development. In this report, we demonstrate that Vezf1/DB1 is a nuclear localizing protein that potently and specifically activates transcription mediated by the human endothelin-1 promoter, in a Tax-independent manner, in transient transfection assays. Using a combination of deletion mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, a novel Vezf1/DB1-responsive element was localized to a 6-base pair (bp) motif, ACCCCC, located 47 bp upstream of the endothelin-1 transcription start site. Recombinant Vezf1/DB1 also bound to this sequence, and a 2-bp mutation in this element abolished Vezf1/DB1 responsiveness by the endothelin-1 promoter. Vezf1/DB1 could be identified with a specific antibody in nuclear complexes from endothelial cells that bound to this element. Regulation of endothelin-1 promoter activity by Vezf1/DB1 provides a mechanism for endothelin-1 expression in the vascular endothelium during development and to maintain vascular tone; Vezf1/DB1 itself is a candidate transcription factor for modifying endothelial cell phenotypes in order to appropriately assemble and maintain the cardiovascular system.
Supervisory control and data collection policies for a distribution center modeled as a discrete event system

A large scale discrete event model of a distribution center is presented where critical parameters identified were utilized to create a real-time scheduling control policy to improve throughput and redistribute work in process (WIP), reducing bottleneck process and overall WIP. In implementing the control policy, it was found that the data was queried multiple times at the same time stamp and continuously throughout the process during a time when the control policy specification would not be met. The amount of data collection, processing and storage can become expensive especially when implementing multiple control policies that are dependent on several critical parameters. There is a need for smart data collection, processing and storage policies for cost effectiveness and to manage existing power management and battery life issues that may occur with continuous data streaming with existing wireless devices and sensors. This paper presents both the real-time scheduling control policy and the data collection policy for a distribution center that must be considered simultaneously in order to realize the maximum benefits of a wireless real-time scheduling system.
An approach for generating different types of gray codes

Given a certain Gray code consisting of 2 n codewords, it is possible to generate from it n ! 2 n codes by permuting and/or complementing the bits in all the codewords in the same manner. The codes obtained this way are all defined to be of the same type . An approach for converting the standard Gray code (known as the reflected code) into other Gray codes of different types is presented in this paper. A systematic way of generating, for example, all types of Gray codes consisting of 16 codewords is given.
Male size, mating success, and mating strategy in the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis (Poeciliidae)

In laboratory choice experiments, receptive female western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis affinis (deprived of contact with males ≧30 days) preferred the larger of two males. When two males differing in size were placed with a receptive female, the larger was generally able to monopolize access to her, but not when the female was not receptive. In other experiments, a single male was placed with a receptive or non-receptive female. These experiments showed size-correlated differences in male mating behavior. Smaller males were more likely to chase non-receptive females and attempt to inseminate them forcibly, while larger males continued to court females even if they were non-receptive. Even when the female was receptive, there was some evidence of size-correlated differences in levels of courtship and chasing.
Tracking the stellar longitudes of starspots in short-period Kepler binaries

We report on a new method for tracking the phases of the orbital modulations in very short-period, near-contact, and contact binary systems systems in order to follow starspots. We apply this technique to Kepler light curves for 414 binary systems that were identified as having anticorrelated O-C curves for the midtimes of the primary and secondary eclipses, or in the case of non-eclipsing systems, their light-curve minima. This phase tracking approach extracts more information about starspot and binary system behavior than may be easily obtained from the O-C curves. We confirm the hypothesis of Tran et al. (2013) that we can successfully follow the rotational motions of spots on the surfaces of the stars in these binaries. In ~34% of the systems, the spot rotation is retrograde as viewed in the frame rotating with the orbital motion, while ~13% show significant prograde spot rotation. The remaining systems show either little spot rotation or erratic behavior, or sometimes include intervals of both types of behavior. We discuss the possibility that the relative motions of spots are related to differential rotation of the stars. It is clear from this study that the motions of the starspots in at least 50% of these short-period binaries are not exactly synchronized with the orbits.
Observation of an anomolously sharp feature in the 2nd order Raman spectrum of graphite

Abstract The second order Raman spectrum of graphite is shown to exhibit an anomolously sharp feature at an energy higher than twice the energy of the first order Raman line. This feature is compared to the 2667 cm-1 band in the second order Raman spectrum of diamond and is discussed in terms of a two-phonon bound state and ordinary overtone scattering. Also this feature serves to discriminate between current lattice dynamics calculations of graphite.
Design of a VSDD brace control system for parameter estimation of shear structures

In this paper, a new function of Variable Stiffness & Damping Device (VSDD) brace control systems is explored: facilitating structural parameter estimation and damage detection. In previous studies by the authors, a substructure identification method has been proposed to identify the structural parameters (story stiffness and damping coefficients) of a shear building. An error analysis shows that the accuracy of the estimated parameters can be greatly improved by amplifying the interstory acceleration near the substructure natural frequency. To achieve this structural response change, two kinds of control strategies are studied herein to design a VSDD system: an on-off passive strategy and a semiactive strategy. Since the accuracy of substructure identification is only dependent on the controlled substructure responses, it is shown that the proposed control-facilitated identification is robust to one common control system error: feedback measurement noise. Finally, a numerical example of a 5-story shear building structure is used to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed control method for improving the accuracy of the substructure identification.
Receding horizon control of autonomous aerial vehicles

This paper presents a new approach to trajectory optimization for autonomous fixed-wing aerial vehicles performing large-scale maneuvers. The main result is a planner which designs nearly minimum time planar trajectories to a goal, constrained by no-fly zones and the vehicle's maximum speed and turning rate. Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is used for the optimization, and is well suited to trajectory optimization because it can incorporate logical constraints, such as no-fly zone avoidance, and continuous constraints, such as aircraft dynamics. MILP is applied over a receding planning horizon to reduce the computational effort of the planner and to incorporate feedback. In this approach, MILP is used to plan short trajectories that extend towards the goal, but do not necessarily reach it. The cost function accounts for decisions beyond the planning horizon by estimating the time to reach the goal from the plan's end point. This time is estimated by searching a graph representation of the environment. This approach is shown to avoid entrapment behind obstacles, to yield near-optimal performance when comparison with the minimum arrival time found using a fixed horizon controller is possible, and to work consistently on large trajectory optimization problems that are intractable for the fixed horizon controller.
Interfacial Segregation Effects in Wetting Phenomena

Wetting generally involves three phases and is controlled by the energies of the three interfaces that separate each of the three pairs of phases. Because interfacial segregation can significantly modify interfacial energies, it plays an important role in wetting phenomena. This paper is divided into two principal parts. The first part describes the effects of interfacial energy anisotropy in wetting equilibrium, the thermodynamics of segregation and its effects on interfacial energies, and the interaction of segregation and wetting. The second part reviews some experimental approaches for controlling and monitoring interfacial segregation in wetting studies and summarizes examples of wetting experiments in which such approaches have been used effectively to understand the impact of segregation effects.
Stability of lipid bilayers and red blood cell membranes

Abstract It is suggested that Helfrich's concept of edge energy of a lipid bilayer explains the stability of black membranes and the ability of erythrocytes to reseal following hemolysis.
Mean‐square helical hydrophobic moments in partially ordered proteins

Helical hydrophobic moment ratios, 〈h2〉/〈H2〉, have been evaluated for 34 polypeptides under conditions where the helix content is dictated solely by the short-range interactions operative in aqueous media. The mean-square helical hydrophobic moment is denoted by 〈h2〉, and 〈H2〉 is the averaged of the squared hydrophobicites. This ratio would be one in absence of any correlation in the hydrophobicities of amino acid residues in helices. The 〈h2〉/〈H2〉 tend to be substantially larger than values of the analogous ratio formulated for the mean-square dipole moments of typical synthetic polymers. For 24 of the 34 polypeptide chains considered, 〈h2〉/〈H2〉 is found to be greater than one, indicating a tendency to form helices with amphiphilic character. The ratio is exceptionally large in the case of the δ-hemolysins. It is also large for two other surface-active peptides, for two of the four apolipoproteins examined, and for myohemerythrin. A much smaller 〈h2〉/〈H2〉 is found for melittins. If melittins is to form helices with large 〈h2〉/〈H2〉, the configurational statistics must be governed by effects in addition to those short-range interactions that occur when water is the solvent.
Improved clinical outcomes for in vitro fertilization with delay of embryo transfer from 48 to 72 hours after oocyte retrieval: use of glucose- and phosphate-free media.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes of day 2 versus day 3 ET using a culture media with no glucose or phosphate. Design: Retrospective clinical study. Setting: Hospital-based fertility clinic. Patient(s): One hundred seventy-six IVF-ET patients undergoing controlled ovarian supraovulation. Intervention(s): IVF and delaying the ET by 1 day. Main Outcome Measure(s): Number of blastomeres per embryo, implantation and pregnancy rates. Result(s): Delaying the ET from day 2 to day 3 after oocyte retrieval significantly increased implantation rates (13% versus 24%) and ongoing/delivered pregnancy rates per retrieval (26% versus 44%). Day 3 embryos with ≥8 blastomeres resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy rate (53%) than day 3 embryos with Conclusion(s): Day 3 ET was associated with a significant increase in implantation and pregnancy rates. Delaying the ET until day 3 may permit the selection of more viable embryos than on day 2. The absence of glucose and phosphate from the culture media is compatible with good IVF outcomes.
Design and Development Methodology for Resilient Cyber-Physical Systems

Mission-critical cyber-physical systems must be resilient to all classes of failures, both hardware and software components. Failures affecting a systempsilas ability to accurately control its physical actions are of special concern, requiring a meta-level monitoring and reaction ability to enable high-performance nominal and safe post-failure operation. This paper addresses these challenges by unifying formal software engineering with a suite of feedback control laws and efficient resource monitoring within a comprehensive design and development methodology.
Internal morphology of human phalanges

The internal morphology of human phalanges has been defined by measurements taken directly from specimens of these bones. For this study, all 14 phalanges were prepared from 25 fresh cadaver hands. Measurements were taken of both external and internal variables. Intramedullary structures are described. In the proximal metaphysis of the phalanges, the canal presents the shape of a tunnel with a flat floor on its palmar aspect and an arching roof dorsally. Distally, toward middiaphysis, the canal becomes more elliptic and its size is smaller relative to the metaphyseal area. This suggests that not only dimensions but also the shape of the canal should be given full consideration in the design of intramedullary devices.
Threshold of multimode parametric oscillators

Threshold of parametric oscillator system with idler modes in same frequency spacing as laser pump source
The effect of key size of touch screen virtual keyboards on productivity, usability, and typing biomechanics.

Objective:We investigated whether different virtual keyboard key sizes affected typing force exposures, muscle activity, wrist posture, comfort, and typing productivity.Background:Virtual keyboard use is increasing and the physical exposures associated with virtual keyboard key sizes are not well documented.Method:Typing forces, forearm/shoulder muscle activity, wrist posture, subjective comfort, and typing productivity were measured from 21 subjects while they were typing on four different virtual keyboards with square key sizes, which were 13, 16, 19, and 22 mm on each side with 2-mm between-key spacing.Results:The results showed that virtual keyboard key size had little effect on typing force, forearm muscle activity, and ulnar/radial deviation. However, the virtual keyboard with the 13-mm keys had a 15% slower typing speed (p < .0001), slightly higher static (10th percentile) shoulder muscle activity (2% maximum voluntary contractions, p = .01), slightly greater wrist extension in both hands (2° to 3°...
Contrast nephropathy, cardiology and the newer radiocontrast agents

Contrast nephropathy is acute renal dysfunction related to the radiologic administration of iodinated contrast dye. A definite diagnosis of contrast nephropathy requires that other causes of acute renal failure be excluded. Contrast nephropathy with currently employed radiocontrast agents was first appreciated in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s [l-5]. In view of the greatly increased utilization of contrast radiologic procedures over the last two decades, a wealth of literature characterizing contrast nephropathy has accumulated. There is great variation in the prevalence of contrast nephropathy, which is correlated to the clinical condition of the patient at risk. There is very low risk of contrast nephropathy in patients with normal renal function exposed to low doses of radiocontrast material. With abnormal preexisting renal function, the risk of contrast nephropathy is enhanced [6-141. A greater degree of preexisting renal insufficiency will entail a greater risk for contrast nephropathy than mild degrees of renal insufficiency [8,11]. Diabetes mellitus further increases the risk of contrast nephropathy in patients with preexisting renal dysfunction [6,11,13,14]. Patients with diabetes mellitus and severe renal impairment are at a very high risk for acute renal failure following contrast administration [12]. A high prevalence of contrast nephropathy has also been demonstrated in patients with pronounced heart failure P51. There is some debate in the literature whether the dosage of radiocontrast dye administered is an important risk factor for contrast nephropathy. Several studies have demonstrated that higher doses are related to a higher prevalence of contrast nephropathy [10,13,15], others have not [7,9]. If renal injury is secondary to the toxic
Mullerian adenosarcoma of the uterus with sarcomatous overgrowth

A case of mullerian adenosarcoma of the uterus with sarcomatous overgrowth is described. The patient was also found to have bilateral polycystic ovaries. This 25 year-old white female presented with irregular vaginal bleeding and was diagnosed as having mullerian adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth by dilatation, curettage, and biopsy. Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with lymph node sampling were performed.
Religiosity-of-Interviewer Effects: Assessing the Impact of Veiled Enumerators on Survey Response in Egypt

While public opinion research has expanded rapidly in the Islamic world since 2001, little scholarly work has examined interviewer effects related to an enumerator's religious adherence. We find that the perceived religiosity of an interviewer impacts respondents' expressions of personal piety and adherence to Islamic cultural norms in a sample of approximately 1,200 women in Greater Cairo. Muslim women indicate that they are more religious and adherent to Islamic cultural norms when interviewed by an enumerator donning the Islamic headscarf. Conversely, members of Egypt's minority Coptic Christian community report that they are less adherent to Christianity when interviewed by a veiled enumerator. Through psychological processes of strategic self-presentation of identity and impression management, the veil may trigger Muslim respondents to express what they perceive to be socially desirable (i.e., more devout) responses; in contemporary Egypt, being perceived as pious may elicit social and economic benefits. Christians appear to deemphasize their religious identity to avoid appearing at odds with the dominant, Muslim majority to which the enumerator appears to belong. Younger, poorer and less educated women — who may be most susceptible to concerns about social desirability — show the largest effects.
Toward Intuitive Programming Languages

Modern text-based computer programming languages use syntax, semantics, and APIs to represent actions a computer will perform. Historically, the design of these languages has largely escaped the critical gaze of peer review, relying more on expert opinions than robust scientific methodologies. In this paper, we pose a questionâ"is it possible to create a programming language where the syntax, semantics, and API design is based upon rigorous data collection and the scientific method? We have undertaken a long-term project to develop a computer programming language, called Hop, where each language decision is based upon empirical metrics gathered from human studies. While such a design may not universally benefit all programmers, our hope is that such a procedure may make our community's language design decisions more objective and transparent.
Investigating Vocabulary and Reading Strategies with Middle Grades English Language Learners: A Research Synthesis.

AbstractRecent data indicate that many adolescent English language learners (ELLs) comprehend English texts at only a limited literal level. The purpose of this research synthesis was to systematically identify and describe the research related to the English reading comprehension of middle grades ELLs while also making practical connections to instruction. Parameters were established to determine whether the collected research studies met the purpose of the synthesis and the standards for quality research, using the guiding principles for scientific research set forth in the National Research Council’s Scientific Research in Education. Three themes emerged across the 11 identified studies: (a) the essential role of vocabulary knowledge in ELLs’ English reading comprehension, (b) the role of first language and transfer in ELLs’ reading comprehension, and (c) the role of effective instruction in enhancing ELLs’ English reading comprehension. In this paper, we discuss the findings and their implications for...
Prostate involvement during sexually transmitted infections as measured by prostate-specific antigen concentration.

Prostate involvement during sexually transmitted infections as measured by prostate-specific antigen concentration
Photochemical oxygen consumption, oxygen evolution and spectral changes during UVA irradiation of EMT6 spheroids.

Abstract Remarkable rates of oxygen consumption are observed via microelectrode measurements immediately upon the onset of 325 nm irradiation of multicell tumor spheroids. Consumption is irradiance dependent over the range 20–200 mW cm−2, and its magnitude is comparable to that observed previously in the same system using exogenous photosensitizers. Oscillations in the oxygen concentrations suggest that oxygen is also being evolved during irradiation. Oxygen evolution is likely the result of enzymatic dissociation of hydrogen peroxide, which is formed through UV-induced photochemistry. Irradiation of spheroids at 442 and at 514 nm produces a much more modest but detectable oxygen consumption. The dynamics of oxygen concentration changes are quite different at these wavelengths, suggesting a different photochemical mechanism. In these cases, initial oxygen depletion is followed immediately by a more gradual, monotonic increase in the oxygen concentration, consistent with irreversible photobleaching. No osc...
Viewpoint: Further results on measuring the well-being of the poor using income and consumption

We evaluate the relative merits of income- and consumption-based measures of well-being. Our results provide evidence that consumption better captures well-being for those with few resources. The bottom deciles of expenditures exceed those of income, suggesting under-reporting of income. The under-reporting rate for government transfers is high and rising. Overall non-response is more severe in U.S. income data than in expenditure data. Furthermore, a consumption data set requires fewer observations than an income data set to obtain the same level of precision for typical estimates. Finally, very low consumption is more strongly related to other bad outcomes than very low income. On evalue les merites relatifs des mesures de bien-etre fondees sur le revenu et la consommation. Les resultats montrent que la consommation mesure mieux le bien-etre de ceux qui ont peu de ressources. Les deciles au bas de la distribution des depenses depassent les deciles de la distribution des revenus – ce qui suggere qu’il y aurait des revenus non rapportes. Le taux de sous-declaration des transferts gouvernementaux est eleve et croissant. Le taux global de non-reponses est plus important aux Etats-Unis pour les revenus que pour les depenses. De plus, les bases de donnees sur la consommation requierent moins d’observations que celles sur le revenu pour obtenir le meme degre de precision des evaluations typiques. Finalement, une tres basse consommation est plus fortement co-reliee a d’autres mauvaises conditions qu’un tres bas niveau de revenu.
The Frequency of Frailty in Ambulatory Patients With Chronic Lung Diseases

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of frailty in patients with chronic lung diseases. Methods: We studied 120 patients with chronic lung disease using Fried’s criteria (gait speed, weight loss...
Non-effect of cortisone on growing bones of mice, guinea pigs and rabbits.

SummaryVarying amounts of cortisone acetate were administered to growing mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits. This hormone in the doses used appears not to have an effect such as has been observed in the rat on the skeletal tissues of these species. Since large amounts led to a retardation in growth, it would seem unlikely that the mouse, guinea pig, or rabbit is less sensitive to the hormone.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections

Viral infections cause 75% of all acute respiratory illnesses. Common viral respiratory infections include influenza, parainfluenza, and respiratory syncytial virus. In this article, the second in a four-part series on virology, we review the prevalence and symptoms of viral respiratory diseases, and discuss effective techniques for organism detection, including isolation and collection.
Evaluation of Higher Efficiency Pr3+ Host Glasses for 1300 nm Amplification

High gain amplification has been demonstrated at 1310 nm with a Pr-doped fluorozirconate fiber [1], but with a much lower pump efficiency than a comparable Er-doped silica amplifier at 1550 nm. This low pump efficiency is attributable to the low quantum efficiency of the lG4->3H5 transition of Pr3+ [2], which follows from the preponderance of multiphonon mediated decay from the 1G4 to the nearby 3F4 level. The probability of multiphonon decay between two energy levels is inversely related to the number of phonons required to bridge the energy gap. Therefore, the lowering of this probability and an improvement in the quantum efficiency would be expected through the use of a host material with lower phonon energies. In addition, an improvement in the quantum efficiency also would be expected in those materials with larger lG4->3H5 radiative rates. Over the last year a number of potentially more efficient host glasses have been reported [3,4,5,7]. Here we consider two of these, the mixed-halides [4] and the lanthanum gallium sulfide (LaGaS) [3], in detail.
“Nothing About Us Without Us”: Disability Rights in America

"The blind, the deaf, the lame, and the otherwise physically disabled have the same right to privacy that others do; not only the right to rent a home or an apartment, public or private housing, but the right to determine their living arrangements, the conduct of their lives; the right to select their mates, raise their families, and receive due protection in the safe and secure exercise of these rights. . . .the world in which the disabled, too, have a right to live is also on the streets, the highways and byways, in public buildings, and other public places, in the schools and colleges, in the public service and private callings, in the factories, shops, and offices, in short, in all the places where men are, go, live, work, and play." Jacobus tenBroek, 1966 (1).
UT-A3: localization and characterization of an additional urea transporter isoform in the IMCD

UT-A3 has recently been identified as a splicing variant transcript of the UT-A gene present in the kidney. To study the cellular and subcellular localization of UT-A3, we raised a new polyclonal antibody to its COOH-terminal end. Immunoblots identified bands at 44 and 67 kDa predominately in the inner medulla and showed that the antibody does not recognize UT-A1. Deglycosylation with PNGase decreased the molecular mass of both forms to 40 kDa. UT-A3 is most abundant in the inner third of the inner medulla and is present in membrane fractions. Cell fractionation studies showed that UT-A3 is only detectable in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. These observations were confirmed with immunolocalization studies demonstrating an exclusive labeling of IMCD cells. Double-labeling studies with anti-Na-K-ATPase demonstrated UT-A3 in intracellular membranes and in the apical region but were incompatible with a basolateral site for UT-A3. Although the function of this isoform in the inner medulla is unknown, the large abundance suggests that it may be important in the renal handling of urea.
Long-Term Functional Results of Urinary Tract Reconstruction in Childhood

AbstractWhen reviewing the important long-term parameters of urinary tract reconstruction in childhood, one must consider the protection of renal function, maintenance of social continence and freedom from urinary tract infection as paramount. The 3-year assessment of 25 patients who underwent urinary tract reconstruction for a variety of underlying conditions is presented in terms of renal function, social continence and urinary tract sterility.The underlying pathological condition in our patients was weighted toward children with obstructive uropathy rather than neurogenic vesical dysfunction, and the most common form of diversion was an ileal conduit. Maintenance of renal function was achieved in 21 of our 25 patients (84 per cent). All 8 children (100 per cent) who underwent reconstruction for neurogenic vesical dysfunction have maintained preoperative renal function, while only 12 of the 17 children originally diverted for obstructive uropathy (75 per cent) have done well with reconstruction. Social ...
Phenomena and Epiphenomena in Economics

Conventional economics is preoccupied with the sphere of exchange to the neglect of the sphere of production; this is tantamount to preoccupation with economic epiphenomena to the neglect of the underlying phenomenal structure. This exchange emphasis is largely responsible for the current crisis in economic thought in that it renders conventional economics incapable of responding to the comprehensive impasse of democratic industrial society.
Size doesn't matter in the heat shock response

Heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1) is a transcription factor that is often described as the master regulator of the heat shock response in all eukaryotes. However, due to its essentiality in yeast, Hsf1’s contribution to the transcriptome under basal and heat shock conditions has never been directly determined. Using a chemical genetics approach that allowed rapid Hsf1 inactivation, my colleagues and I have recently shown that the bulk of the heat shock response is Hsf1 independent. Rather than inducing genes responsible for carrying out the various cellular processes required for adaptation to thermal stress, Hsf1 controls a dedicated set of chaperone protein genes devoted to restoring protein-folding homeostasis. The limited scope of the Hsf1 regulon belies its outsize importance in cellular fitness.
Prognostic significance of supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes at initial presentation in patients with stage III high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

To identify the optimal size threshold and to assess the prognostic significance of supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes at initial presentation of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). This IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study included baseline pretreatment staging abdominal CTs of 88 women (mean age 62 years, SD 10.4, range 29–85) with FIGO stage III HGSC. Patients with stage IV disease were excluded due to worse prognosis and management guided by distant metastases. Two fellowship-trained radiologists independently reviewed abdominal CTs to record the presence of supradiaphragmatic nodes, abdominal lymphadenopathy, peritoneal carcinomatosis, and ovarian mass. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were recorded after median 79 months follow-up (IQR 58–115, range 13–144). The optimal short-axis size threshold for supradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy was determined by correlating 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 10 mm thresholds with PFS and OS using Log-rank test. Prognostic significance of supradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. There was good interobserver agreement for presence (κ = 0.65, 95%CI 0.51–0.79) and size (ICC = 0.77, 95%CI 0.66–0.86) of supradiaphragmatic nodes. 5 mm short-axis size threshold was associated with significantly shorter PFS (median 14 months, IQR 11–17 vs. 23 months, IQR 12–59; p = 0.02) and OS (median 44 months, IQR 27–69 vs. 65 months, IQR 45–96; p = 0.03). Total 38/88 (43%) patients had supradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy. On Cox proportion hazards analysis, supradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy was significantly associated with shorter PFS (p = 0.02; HR 1.81, 95%CI 1.11–2.96) and OS (p = 0.008; HR 2.11, 95%CI 1.21–3.65). In patients with stage III HGSC, supradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy is associated with shorter PFS and OS. Further studies would help determine its implications on staging, decision regarding neoadjuvant therapy, and surgical technique.
Abstract 284: Disruption of Nrf2 Promotes Atrial Remodeling and Fibrillation on Aging

Background: Heart failure is a leading health problem with over 500,000 new cases and 275,000 deaths annually in the United States. Recent reports indicate that atrial fibrillation (AF) is linked t...
The normalizing of hate speech and how communication educators should respond

Whereas hate is defined as extreme negative feelings for others because of some aspect of their identity (Perry, 2001; Waltman & Haas, 2011), hate speech is discourse devoted to the vilification of...
Autonomous skill acquisition on a mobile manipulator

We describe a robot system that autonomously acquires skills through interaction with its environment. The robot learns to sequence the execution of a set of innate controllers to solve a task, extracts and retains components of that solution as portable skills, and then transfers those skills to reduce the time required to learn to solve a second task.
Heavy alcohol use, job satisfaction, and job escapism drinking among foodservice employees: a comparative analysis

This study explored the relationship between employment in the foodservice industry and higher risk of alcohol consumption, with consideration to job satisfaction and job escapism. A mixed method a...
Rhythms of ‘Free’ movement: migrants' bodies and time under South Korean visa regime

In 2005 the South Korean government granted a large-scale amnesty to the most predominant undocumented migrant group in the country, Korean Chinese. This change quickly caused Korean Chinese migran...
Physicians' dual loyalties.

In a case where a physician is treating two related patients, he should weigh the harm done by breaking one patient's confidentiality against the harm that patient may inflict on another if that confidentiality is preserved. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
3- and 4-Aminopyridine in Synaptic Transmission at the Squid Giant Synapse

ABSTRACT We have studied the effects of 3- and 4-aminopyridine (3-, 4-AmP) on the process of synaptic transmission using the squid giant synapse. In this in vitro preparation both the pre- and postsynaptic elements are directly accessible for electrophysiological study at the actual site of transmitter release. Following pharmacological blockage of both Na and K conductances with tetrodotoxin (TTX) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) respectively, the amplitude of the presynaptic Ca current may be directly determined ( Llinas et al., 1981a ) as well as the relationship to amount of transmitter release ( Llinas et al., 1981b ). Because in these preparations blockage of voltage-dependent K conductance with TEA is incomplete, we supplemented the K blockage produced by intracellular injection of TEA by adding 3- or 4-AmP to the extracellular bathing solution. Following voltage clamp of the presynaptic terminal, it was shown that the Ca current obtained under K blockage by TEA alone and the one obtained following K blockage by combining TEA and 3- or 4-AmP were similar, indicating that aminopyridine did not alter synaptic transmission in a manner different from that by TEA itself. These initial experiments, while important in demonstrating that 3- or 4-AmP did not alter Ca conductance beyond the possible alterations produced by TEA, did not directly demonstrate that 3- or 4-AmP or TEA do not modify the Ca current or the release process directly. In recent experiments, the presynaptic fiber was voltage-clamped with a command pulse exactly resembling the action potential of the fiber prior to blockage of the action potential. It was determined that under these conditions the reconstructed action potential generated in the presence of TEA and 3-AmP could reproduce exactly the latency and amplitude of the postsynaptic response observed prior to blockage of voltage-dependent Na and K conductances. The, results fell within the values predicted by the model obtained for transmission in this synapse using square pulses under TEA and 3- or 4-AmP blockage ( Llinas et al., 1981b ). In conclusion, 3- and 4-AmP seem to have their main action at the voltage-dependent K gate. They do not seem to modify the voltage-dependent Ca conductance or the synaptic release triggered by such inward Ca current.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of TZS a Cytokinin Biosynthetic Locus, from AgrobacteriumTumefaciens Strain T37

Production of the phytohormone, trans-zeatin, by the plant pathogen, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, has been previously shown to be a nopaline Ti plasmid function. The gene determining the trans-zeatin secretion phenotype (tzs) in the bacterium has been cloned from the virulence region of pTiT37. The nucleotide sequence has been determined and contains an open reading frame of 729 bp, encoding a 27,545 dalton polypeptide. The tzs sequence shows 50% overall homology to the published T-DNA cytokinin locus, tmr, from pTiT37. While the tzs gene has a prokaryotic promoter and the tmr a eukaryotic promoter, both genes show the cytokinin biosynthetic activity, DNA transferase, by in vitro assay. Additionally, both genes confer the phenotype of trans-zeatin overproduction to their respective host cells (bacterial and plant). The tmr coding sequence has been fused to a phage promoter and bacteria containing this chimeric gene show high levels of trans-zeatin production. Other plant pathogens have been screened for the presence of tzs by both Southern hybridization and by assay for the secretion of trans-zeatin into the culture medium. Several strains from different genera have been found to contain a functional tzs gene.
The Design-Debrief: Using Storytelling to Connect Preservice Teacher Reflection with Design-Thinking.

As a teacher educator, I prepare preservice students for regular reflection about teaching and learning by incorporating design-thinking and storytelling. In order to facilitate more interactive reflection on students’ early teaching experiences, I developed the design-debrief—a classroom activity that asked students to story their teaching experience with first-graders using the design-thinking process. I make connections to how design-thinking and storytelling enabled a more complex and systematic way to approach teacher reflection.
Deterministic Hardness Amplification via Local GMD Decoding.

We study the average-case hardness of the class NP against deterministic polynomial time algorithms. We prove that there exists some constant μ > 0 such that if there is some language in NP for which no deterministic polynomial time algorithm can decide L correctly on a 1 − (log n) fraction of inputs of length n, then there is a language L in NP for which no deterministic polynomial time algorithm can decide L correctly on a 3/4+(logn) fraction of inputs of length n. In coding theoretic terms, we give a construction of a monotone code that can be uniquely decoded up to error rate 1 4 by a deterministic local decoder.
Critical Care of the Adult Patient With Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multiorgan, genetic disease resulting from dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator. The primary clinical manifestations are bronchiectasis, chronic pulmonary infections with recurrent exacerbations, and pancreatic insufficiency. Advances in CF care have led to improved survival, with more than one-half of those affected being adults. As a result, adult pulmonary and critical care physicians increasingly will be involved in the care of these patients. Patients with CF are at risk for numerous conditions that require ICU admission, including respiratory failure, massive hemoptysis, pneumothorax, hepatic failure, and bowel obstruction. Multiple aspects of the care of patients with CF benefit from specialized knowledge, including pancreatic enzyme replacement and nutritional support; airway clearance modalities; treatment of multiply resistant, polymicrobial infections, and unique drug metabolism. In extreme cases, patients may benefit from advanced therapies, including extracorporeal support and organ transplant. Optimal care of patients with CF requires a multidisciplinary care team that includes respiratory therapists, dieticians, social workers, psychologists, pharmacists, and physicians who have expertise in the treatment of this complex, multisystem disorder.
‘If I tried this idea again: developing faculty professional growth through reflective practice

This article discusses the results of a 2-year faculty professional growth project in which a library faculty employed reflective and deliberate practice techniques regarding their instruction of i...
Behavior of Steel Plate Shear Walls Subjected to Repeated Synthetic Ground Motions

AbstractSteel plate shear walls (SPSWs) have been shown capable of remaining stable under seismic loading due to their satisfactory hysteretic performance. However, since the thin steel web infills...
Translation of Aromatario or The Republic of Utopia by Lodovico Zuccolo

Aromatario is first extensive critical analysis of More’s Utopia to be ever written. In this dialogue, Zuccolo does not systematically examine all aspects of Utopia but comments selectively on some of its features. He alternates observations about the text’s broader philosophical views and assumptions with discussions of its more specific ideas. Zuccolo does not aim to reject Utopia, whose merits he occasionally acknowledges; he wants to explore the challenges of imagining an ideal society. He reflects on how detailed the description of the mechanisms of a utopian society should be whilst investigating the implications of Utopia’s seemingly virtuous customs and rules. Zuccolo also questions the theoretical underpinning of Utopia. Is a peaceful society better than one which is familiar with some degree of conflict?
Esophageal IgE, IgG4, and mucosal eosinophilia in individuals with dysphagia

Background Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory disease of the esophagus, producing failure to thrive in infants and dysphagia with food impaction in older children and adults. Although most people with EoE manifest atopic/allergic disease, the specific allergens to which immunoglobulin E (IgE) is directed, if any, have not yet been characterized. Methods Mucosal brush biopsy (MBB) and solid tissue biopsy (STB) specimens were prospectively obtained from 25 individuals with dysphagia and suspicion of EoE. Specific IgE (sIgE) against 112 epitopes from airborne and food proteins, antigens known to cause a polyclonal IgE response and IgG4 to food allergens, were measured. Results There was no difference in total IgE harvested between the 2 biopsy methods (p > 0.05) or between the EoE-positive (N = 12) and EoE-negative (N = 13) groups (p > 0.05). None of the samples in either group contained measurable serum IgE to any of the airborne or food proteins tested, but low levels of IgE specific to Candida and Staphylococcus enterotoxins were detected. Low levels of IgG4 specific to wheat, soy, peanut, and egg were also detected. Conclusions Both MBB and STB are able to harvest measureable levels of IgE and IgG4 from the esophageal mucosa. Low levels of serum-specific IgE suggest that other inflammatory mechanisms, besides type I, IgE-mediated, allergen-specific hypersensitivity, may act as the primary catalyst for mucosal eosinophilia. Clarifying the role of both IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated inflammatory mechanisms will help identify more targeted diagnostic and treatment strategies for individuals who present with dysphagia and esophageal eosinophilia.
Farallon Camel Cricket, Farallonophilus cavernicolus (Rentz, 1972) (Orthoptera: Rhapidophoridae), Relationship within the Ceuthophilinae

Farallonophilus cavernicolus (Rentz, 1972) is a member of the family Rhaphidophoridae (camel crickets) endemic to the Farallon Islands. Rentz (1972) hypothesized that F. cavernicolus had characteristics between those of the genera Pristoceuthophilus Rehn, 1903 and Ceuthophilus Scudder, 1862 but closest to the genus Pristoceuthophilus. Currently Pristoceuthophilus is placed in the tribe Pristoceuthophilini and Ceuthophilus in the tribe Ceuthophilini. Farallonophilus cavernicolus is currently placed within the Pristoceuthophilini (Cigliano et al. 2018). We tested this hypothesis and classification by performing mtDNA phylogenetic analysis using collected samples and GenBank sequences. Our results indicate general agreement with current subfamily Ceuthophilinae (which contains the tribes Pristoceuthophilini and Ceuthophilini) relationships except that F. cavernicolus appears to be outside both the Pristoceuthophilini and the Ceuthophilini. Our results suggest that the F. cavernicolus lineage diverged from the Pristoceuthophilini and Ceuthophilini roughly 8.9MYA, roughly 1.6 million years before the Pristoceuthophilini and Ceuthophilini diverged from each other.