cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The solubility of molecular hydrogen in seawater

Abstract We measured the solubility of molecular hydrogen in seawater as a function of temperature and salinity. Our results average approximately 0.5% higher than those of Crozier and Yamamoto (Journal of Chemical Engineering Data, 1974, 19, 242–244). Combining the two data sets the resultant Bunsen coefficient, B, may be expressed as In β = −49.641 + 67.460(100/T) + 21.028 In (T/100) + S[−0.077314 + 0.046580(T/100)−0.0074291 (T/100)2], which results from a fit to the observed data by a multivariate least squares regression technique giving equal weight to each data set. T is the temperature, °K; S is the salinity, caseo oo ; and β is expressed in (cm3-STP) (cm3-atm)−1.
A historical perspective on nonverbal communication in debates: Implications for elections and leadership

Nonverbal communication has been a focus in both the realms of politics and leadership. Since 1960 commentaries about political debates have led to the conclusion that inept nonverbal communication may have been a telling sign as to who lost the eventual election. This article will give a brief recount of the nonverbal ineptitude associated with several televised debates throughout history, a short research note about how nonverbal communication in a debate may predict the loser of an election, and a set of recommendations that may help leaders. In essence, as nonverbal communication may not necessarily help candidates in a debate and subsequent election, but rather hurt them, the same can be said for leaders in general: nonverbal communication may not necessarily help leaders become their very best, but it can definitely hurt them and their effectiveness as leaders.
A Design of an Experiment to Model Data Base System Performance

A statistical design of an experiment for modeling the performance (access time) of a data base (DB) system in a controlled environment has been outlined. A three-factor pilot experiment with retrieval sequence, logical view (combined with access method), and target segment type as factors was designed and the results analyzed for a specific IMS batch DB. It was found that: 1) the variation of sequences of DB retrieval calls in the application program did not have any signifilcant effect on the access time, whereas the other two factors did have significant effect; 2) the variability in access time is not completely explained by these three factors; and 3) the distribution of the residual error is "nonnormal," with a large positive skew.
Coronary interactions between nifedipine and adenosine in the intact dog heart.

Abstract Coronary vascular interactions between adenosine and the calcium entry blocker, nifedipine were studied in the open-chest, blood-perfused dog heart. Adenosine was administered either as a constant intra-coronary infusion or released endogenously during brief occlusions of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Nifedipine was administered in therapeutic concentrations as a single i.v. bolus via the femoral vein. Prior to nifedipine treatment, adenosine (1.2 μmol/kg per min) produced a significant (P
Epilepsy and brain function: Common ideas of Hughlings-Jackson and Wilder Penfield

From studies of epilepsy, Hughlings-Jackson proposed a model of brain function including levels of consciousness, a hierarchy of nervous centers, and a sensory-motor relationship. Hughlings-Jackson's ideas influenced Wilder Penfield, a pioneer of electrical stimulation for mapping of the human cerebral cortex. From his work with electrocortical stimulation in patients with epilepsy, Penfield observed what he referred to as a "record of the stream of consciousness," similar to Hughlings-Jackson's "subject consciousness." Penfield expanded upon Hughlings-Jackson's work and suggested that although higher and lower centers explained reflex movements, another separate unaccounted for force controlled voluntary movements. These two functional units he termed the "computer (or automatic sensory-motor mechanism)" and the "mind's mechanism (or highest brain mechanism)." The ideas of John Hughlings-Jackson and Wilder Penfield represent a continuum of thought about the relationship of epilepsy and brain function and continue to be relevant to our current understanding of memory function and the mind-brain relationship.
Anorexia nervosa in the male: An underdiagnosed disorder

Abstract Anorexia tends to be overlooked in males, although recent estimates are that 5% to 10% of all cases occur in them. Based on studies reported in the literature and their own work with ten male patients in the course of treating 140 anorexics of both sexes over a seven-year period, the authors describe diagnostic criteria and the clinical picture in men, examine two cases in detail, and evaluate treatment recommendations.
Tissue distribution of enzymes of arginine biosynthesis in terrestrial snails

1. The levels of activity for ornithine carbamoyltransferase (E.C. 2.1.3.3), argininosuccinate synthetase (E.C. 6.3.4.5) and argininosuccinate lyase (E.C. 4.3.2.1) were determined in various tissues of the land snails Otala lactea and Helix aspersa. The tissues examined were of endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal origins. All tissues possessed activities of these three enzymes. 2. The levels of the three enzymes were relatively uniform from one tissue to the other with the exception of blood in which only low levels of activity were found. The lack of localization of these enzymes in any one tissue in the snails is in contrast to higher vertebrates where high levels of the arginine pathway enzymes are localized in one or very few tissues. 3. The tissue distribution of the enzymes of arginine biosynthesis in O. lactea and H. aspersa is consistent with previous studies in which it has been shown that the protein arginine in each tissue is labelled following the injection of [14C]bicarbonate into whole snails. The apparent capacity of each tissue to synthesize arginine may reflect the relative lack of differentiation of the tissues with respect to the arginine pathway in comparison to that found in mammals.
Offshore Outsourcing: A Delphi Study

AbstractOrganizations examine offshoring — the organizational and technological ability to relocate specific tasks to another country and coordinate a geographically dispersed network of activities — as a business strategy toward globalization. The impacts of offshoring are highly controversial. This study used the Delphi technique to identify the positive and negative effects of offshoring on U.S. economy and workforce, and articulate a sustainable strategy to reduce the negative impacts. Managers and executives at several medium and large organizations in the Midwest region of the United States were involved. The four-phase study generated consensus among the respondents. Statistical analysis methods included a hierarchical cluster analysis, mean, median, mode, and percent of agreement calculations. A face-to-face discussion in phase 4 clarified some issues and helped the group as a whole to outline strategies for putting in place the essential elements of a framework to mitigate the negative impacts of...
Loss of Diurnal Arrestin Gene Expression in rds Mutant Mouse Retinas

Despite the important advances in the molecular analysis of retinal degenerations, the causes of photoreceptor cell death in these conditions are unclear. To explore the metabolic impact of the rds mutation, we have continued our investigations on the expression of arrestin. Normal BALB/c mouse retinas have a diurnal variation in arrestin gene expression and protein biosynthesis, with low levels in dark-adapted and high levels in the light-adapted retinas. In contrast, arrestin is expressed in rds retinas at high levels throughout the diurnal cycle. A lack of a distinct diurnal cycle and continuously high expression of arrestin in rds retinas might be a reflection of metabolic derangements in these cells which are not an obvious consequence of the underlying molecular defect in the rds/peripherin gene.
Eolian dune field of Late Triassic age, Fundy Basin, Nova Scotia

Recently discovered eolian sandstones in the Wolfville redbeds are definitive evidence of aridity in Late Triassic time in the Fundy Basin. The paleowinds consistently blew to the southwest, reflecting the location of the rift valley in the subtropical belt of northeast trades. These data help establish a Late Triassic climatic pattern of increasing aridity from south to north for the basins of the Newark Supergroup.
Balancing Different Interests in Aesthetic Controls

Aesthetic controls present a specific instance of a general problem faced by planners: balancing the interests of an individual (in altering the physical environments they in-habit) against the interests of the collective (in protecting the visual quality of cities). In this article, the authors discuss the use of aesthetic controls in the United States and review the case for and against restricting architectural expression. The authors then examine two questions: what is the rationale for protecting such expression, and to what extent is this protection warranted? They find two very strong but conflicting interests—one in controlling design expression and the other in not doing so. How might this conflict be resolved? The authors propose a middle ground that is characterized by four criteria: a clearly articulated and demonstrable public interest, demonstrable links to the stated intent, application early in the design or decision process, and allowing and encouraging a variety of acceptable decisions.
Robust Two-Stage Estimation in Hierarchical Nonlinear Models

Hierarchical models encompass two sources of variation, namely within and among individuals in the population; thus, it is important to identify outliers that may arise at each sampling level. A two-stage approach to analyzing nonlinear repeated measurements naturally allows parametric modeling of the respective variance structure for the intraindividual random errors and interindividual random effects. We propose a robust two-stage procedure based on Huber's (1981, Robust Statistics) theory of M-estimation to accommodate separately aberrant responses within an experimental unit and subjects deviating from the study population when the usual assumptions of normality are violated. A toxicology study of chronic ozone exposure in rats illustrates the impact of outliers on the population inference and hence the advantage of adopting the robust methodology. The robust weights generated by the two-stage M-estimation process also serve as diagnostics for gauging the relative influence of outliers at each level of the hierarchical model. A practical appeal of our proposal is the computational simplicity since the estimation algorithm may be implemented using standard statistical software with a nonlinear least squares routine and iterative capability.
Solid-state NMR and calorimetry of structural waters in helical peptides.

The peptide hydrates Gly-Gly-Val·2H2O (GGV) and Gly-Ala-Leu·3H2O (GAL) are known to adopt α-helical configurations containing waters of hydration in which each water is H-bonded to three or four pe...
Degradation of silicon dioxide during selective silicon epitaxy in a dichlorosilane environment

The electrical degradation of dry thermal SiO2 upon exposure to selective silicon epitaxy using dichlorosilane has been investigated. Capacitors were fabricated with thermal gate oxides (120 to 440A thick) grown on p-type silicon (100) substrates. Prior to the gate electrode formation, the oxides were exposed to hydrogen and dichlorosilane + hydrogen anneals. Leakage current and electric field breakdowns were measured to evaluate the effects of these anneals on the SiO2 degradation. The SiO2 degradation occurring because of dichlorosilane exposure was studied as a function of the temperature and time. While dichlorosilane exposure at temperatures above 850°C was found to cause high leakage current and breakdowns at low electric fields for silicon dioxide films thinner than 440A, little effect was observed as a result of hydrogen and chlorine exposures. The degradation mechanism was attributed to pinhole etching via volatile SiO formation along defects present in the as-grown SiO2.
Speaking More Like You: Lexical, Acoustic/Prosodic, and Discourse Entrainment in Spoken Dialogue Systems

When people engage in conversation, they adapt the way they speak to the speaking style of their conversational partner in a variety of ways. For example, they may adopt a certain way of describing something based upon the way their conversational partner describes it, or adapt their pitch range or speaking rate to a conversational partner's. They may even align their turn-taking style or use of cue phrases to match their partner's. These types of entrainment have been shown to correlate with various measures of task success and dialogue naturalness. While there is considerable evidence for lexical entrainment from laboratory experiments, much less is known about other types of acoustic-prosodic and discourse-level entrainment and little work has been done to examine entrainments in multiple modalities for the same dialogue. We will discuss work on entrainment in multiple dimensions in the Columbia Games Corpus. Our goal is to understand how the different varieties of entrainment correlate with one another and to determine which types of entrainment will be both useful and feasible for Spoken Dialogue Systems.
A model of measles virus-induced immunosuppression: enhanced susceptibility of neonatal human PBLs.

Measles virus (MV) still incites one of the most contagious infections of humankind. Despite the development and use of an excellent live attenuated virus vaccine, over one million infants and children continue to die each year from measles1–3. The main cause of morbidity and mortality is virus–induced immunosuppression of lymphocyte function, which allows secondary infections. Here we report an in vivo model for the study of MV–induced immunosuppression. Human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) grafted onto mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID mice) to create hu–PBLS–SCID mice produce human IgG that is suppressed by MV infection, immunosuppression is dependent on the involvement of live virus and is dramatically more severe for PBLs obtained from newborns than PBLs from adults. Suppression of IgG synthesis by PBLs from newborns occurs as early as ten days after administration of MV to hu–PBLS–SCID mice compared with 44 days required for PBLs from adults. Further, MV infection of SCID mice reconstituted with PBLs from newborns reduces IgG production 26 ± 5–fold (mean ± 1 s.e.m.) as compared with only a 6 ± 0.5–fold reduction in adults. MV RNA could be detected in live human PBLs recovered from SCID mice as long as 110 days after MV infection began. The profound immunosuppression we observe in PBLs from infants probably contributes to the morbidity and mortality observed in infants vaccinated with measles virus. Further, this model should be useful for accessing the potential immunosuppressive abilities of newly isolated field (wild–type) virus isolates and newly designed vaccines containing attenuated MV or subunit vaccines, as well as in dissecting the role played by maternal antibodies to MV on the ability of the virus to enhance or abort the virus–induced immunosuppression.
Flame Temperature Predictions and Comparison with Experiment in High Flow Rate, Fuel-Rich Acetylene/Oxygen Flames

Abstract Chemical models using complex gas-phase chemistry in one-dimensional flows have predicted some acetylene/oxygen flame temperatures which exceed the adiabatic flame temperature by over 800 K under fuel-rich, high flow rate conditions. In this work, laser-induced fluorescence was applied to measure the actual temperatures in these flames and to compare them with the predictions of a 1-D model. While the model predicts maximum flame temperatures which are typically within 100 K of the experimentally determined temperatures under low flow rate conditions, at higher flow rates, the actual maximum flame temperature rises much more slowly with increasing flow rate than predicted by the model. The discrepancy between model and experiment reaches 700 K at the highest flow rates studied. In addition, the experiments suggest that there may be important structural differences between the model-predicted and the experimentally observed flames.
Tubular bioreactor models that include onsager-curie scalar cross-phenomena to describe stress-dependent rates of cell proliferation

Abstract The theory of heterogeneous catalysis in chemical reactors is employed to simulate laminar flow through tubes at large mass transfer Peclet numbers in which anchorage-dependent cells (i) adhere to a protein coating on the inner surface at r = Rwall, (ii) receive nutrients and oxygen from an aqueous medium via transverse diffusion toward the active wall, and (iii) proliferate in the presence of viscous shear at the cell/aqueous-medium interface. This process is modeled as convective diffusion in cylindrical coordinates with chemical reaction at the boundary, where chemical reaction describes the rate of nutrient consumption. The formalism of irreversible thermodynamics is employed to describe an unusual coupling between viscous shear, or velocity gradients at the cell/aqueous-medium interface, and rates of nutrient consumption. Linear transport laws in chemically reactive systems that obey Curie's theorem predict the existence of cross-phenomena between fluxes (i.e., scalar reaction rates) and driving forces (i.e., 2nd-rank velocity gradient tensor) whose tensorial ranks differ by an even integer—in this case, two. This methodology for stress-dependent chemical reactions yields an additional zeroth-order contribution, via the magnitude of the velocity gradient tensor, to heterogeneous kinetic rate expressions because nutrient consumption and cell proliferation are stress-sensitive. Computer simulations of nutrient consumption suggest that bioreactor designs should consider stress-sensitive reactions when the shear-rate-based Damkohler number (i.e., defined for the first time in this study as the stress-dependent zeroth-order rate of nutrient consumption relative to the rate of nutrient diffusion toward active cells adhered to the tube wall) is greater than 10–20% of the stress-free Damkohler number. Models of bioreactor performance are presented for simple 1st-order, simple 2nd-order, and complex chemical kinetic rate expressions, where the latter considers adsorption/desorption equilibria via the Fowler–Guggenheim modification of the Langmuir isotherm for cell–protein docking on active sites, accompanied by cell–cell attraction. Stress sensitivity is magnified in physically realistic cell-based tubular bioreactors with complex stress-free kinetic rate expressions relative to simulations with simple 1st- and 2nd-order kinetics.
THEKEEP JEEP IN TOLEDOCAMPAIGN: A LOST OPPORTUNITY FOR THE WHEELS OF CHANGE?

In 1996, Chrysler announced plans to build a replacement plant within 50 miles of its existing Toledo Jeep facilities. In theory, this presented an opportunity for alternatives to expensive ‘all or nothing’ individual competition; in practice, Toledo and other governments in the northwest Ohio/southeast Michigan region entered into the usual cutthroat contest when transnational corporations solicit incentive offers from across the United States. Chrysler's desire to remain within the region provides a unique context for analysing the opportunities and challenges associated with regional co-operation as an alternative to individual competition. In investigating the extent to which localities can co-operate and reduce wasteful incentives, this paper also identifies how the opportunities for such co-operation are limited. The research highlights the need to better incorporate this kind of region – without internal political coherence despite locational proximity – into conceptualisations and empirical analyses of regional co-operation, particularly with respect to issues of scale and conflict.
Studies on the inheritance of resistance to tobacco virus in the tomato

Results obtained from 9 weeks of observation of inoculated plants from the tomato cross Plant Introduction (P.I.) # 235673. Fireball suggest that in this cross genetic control of inheritance of resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) to be multigenic. Virus assay made from inoculated plants of parents and progenies suggested that resistance depended upon the suppression of virus multiplication. For the susceptible parent. Fireball symptoms appeared 14 days after inoculation while the resistant parent ranged from 35 to 49 days. Virus concentration for Fireball was much higher and remained constant during the period while for P.I. # 235673, it was lower and less concentration was required for symptoms to appear as the plants grew older.
Is the Essence of Morality Mind Perception, Self-Regulation, Free Will, or Culture?

Mind perception is the essence of morality, according to Gray, Young, and Waytz (this issue). They provide plenty of fascinating evidence that moral judgments depend on the assumption of interactin...
Profiles in Leadership: Clifton J. Latiolais, MSc, DSc.

The Director’s Forum series is designed to guide pharmacy leaders in establishing patient-centered services in hospitals and health systems. August 2013 marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of the Mirror to Hospital Pharmacy, which was a comprehensive study of pharmacy services in the United States. The late Clifton J. Latiolais, MS, DSc, served as the assistant program director for the study and was a co-author of the Mirror. The late Don E. Francke, MS, DSc, was the lead author of the Mirror and the principal investigator of the federally funded study that reviewed hospital pharmacy services across the United States. The next 2 articles in Director’s Forum profile the leadership of Drs. Latiolais and Francke. This article highlights Dr. Latiolais (“Clif”) by briefly reviewing his biography and key career accomplishments, describing his leadership philosophy, and translating that philosophy to today’s health care challenges. Clif’s influence on health system pharmacy serves as an example of effective leadership. This historical perspective on Clif’s leadership, as seen through the eyes of those who knew him, provides directors of pharmacy a valuable leadership viewpoint as they develop strategies to enhance patient-centered pharmacy services.
Photoeffects in thin-film molecular-level chromophore-quencher assemblies. 2. Photoelectrochemistry

Photocurrents appear upon visible photolysis of thin films of chlorosulfonated polystyrene ((-CH{sub 2}CH(p-C{sub 6}H{sub 4}SO{sub 2}Cl)){sub x}-; PS-SO{sub 2}Cl) containing the chemically attached chromophore ((bpy){sub 2}Ru(5-NH{sub 2}phen))(PF{sub 6}){sub 2} (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, 5-NH{sub 2}phen is 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline). The chemical attachment is by sulfonamide binding. The photocurrents arise following oxidative quenching of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited state(s) of the complex by paraquat (PQ{sup 2+}) in the presence of the reductive scavenger TEOA, triethanolamine. A kinetic model has been derived that accounts for variations in photocurrent with light intensity and (PQ{sup 2+}) or (TEOA) in the external solution. Comparisons with earlier quenching studies obtained by laser flash photolysis show that only a fraction of the chromophores in the film contribute to the photocurrent. The efficiency of photocurrent production depends upon the concentration gradient of the chromophore. It rises initially as the chromophore content increases but falls dramatically in films where the chromophore has reached the electrode-film interface. Under maximal conditions the per photon absorbed quantum yield for photocurrent production reached the electrode-film interface. Under maximal conditions the per photon absorbed quantum yield for photocurrent production reached 0.14, 0.18 with 0.1 M isopropyl alcohol added.
Distribution of Arterial Lesions Demonstrated by Selective Cinecoronary Arteriography

The distribution of obstructions exceeding 30% of the normal diameter of the lumen of one or more major coronary arteries was studied in 627 of 1,000 patients who had selective cinecoronary arteriograms. An additional 99 patients had lesser degrees of narrowing, and in the arteriograms of 274 patients, normal arteries were demonstrated. An average of 2.0 lesions resulting in at least 50% luminal narrowing of major arteries was found per patient. The anterior descending coronary artery was involved slightly more frequently than were other vessels. More than 75% of the symptomatic patients had 90% or more obstruction of at least one vessel, and more than 50% had total occlusions of one or more vessels. A single major artery was the site of obstruction exceeding 30% of the luminal diameter in 131 patients (20.9% of the 627 patients), and in 43 of these (6.9%) the other arteries appeared to be entirely normal. Severe involvement of single arteries was most frequent in patients who had myocardial infarction wi...
Improved time-frequency distribution using singular value decomposition of Choi-Williams distribution

The Choi-Williams distribution (CWD) is an effective time-frequency (TF) distribution to suppress cross-terms. However, one notable drawback of the CWD is that it fails to suppress cross-terms when either center frequencies of two components are close or their time overlap is significant. In this paper, this problem is addressed by reconstructing TF distribution using basis functions which are extracted through Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) from CWD. The numerical analysis of multi-component Gaussian echoes are presented by using SVD of CWD. It is found that this decomposition and reconstruction approach efficiently eliminate residual cross-terms for which the CWD failed to remove. Results are presented in support of exhibiting the effectiveness of SVD of CWD for cross-term suppression.
A hedonic approach to testing for indirect network effects in the LCD television market

Using data from CNet's Shopper's.com on prices and television characteristics, we use a quality-adjusted, hedonic price regression to test for the presence of indirect network effects in the television market. In 2009, broadcasters were mandated to cease programme transmission using analog signals, and convert to digital signal transmission, necessitating changes to the reception mechanisms themselves, televisions. Digital signal transmission permits broadcasters to offer greater programming variety, which makes televisions more valuable to consumers. Similarly, the presence of adapters on televisions enables compatibility with a multitude of complementary devices, also increasing consumers' values of televisions. Our results are consistent with the presence of indirect network effects arising from each of these sources.
Optics for a read-write holographic memory.

An optical system is described for a read–write holographic memory capable of storage densities on the order of 8000 bits mm−2. Simplicity is achieved through the use of a normally incident reference beam for both writing and reading.
Estimating liability risks with the media as your guide: A content analysis of media coverage of tort litigation

A content analysis of 249 articles fromTime, Newsweek, Fortune, Forbes, andBusiness Week during 1980–1990 examined the representativeness of popular media coverage of tort litigation. Compared to objective data on tort cases, the magazine articles considerably overrepresented the relative frequency of controversial forms of litigation (product liability and medical malpractice), the proportion of disputes resolved by trial (rather than settlement), the plaintiff victory rate at trial, and the median and mean jury awards. Psychological mechanisms by which biases in media coverage could affect the decision making of potential litigants are discussed. The results highlight the need for more systematic monitoring and dissemination of reliable data on tort outcomes.
Evaluation of Hospital Readmissions in Surgical Patients: Do Administrative Data Tell the Real Story?

Importance The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has developed an all-cause readmission measure that uses administrative data to measure readmission rates and financially penalize hospitals with higher-than-expected readmission rates. Objectives To examine the accuracy of administrative codes in determining the cause of readmission as determined by medical record review, to evaluate the readmission measure’s ability to accurately identify a readmission as planned, and to document the frequency of readmissions for reasons clinically unrelated to the original hospital stay. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective review of all consecutive patients discharged from general surgery services at a tertiary care, university-affiliated teaching hospital during 8 consecutive quarters (quarter 4 [October through December] of 2009 through quarter 3 [July through September] of 2011). Clinical readmission diagnosis determined from direct medical record review was compared with the administrative diagnosis recorded in a claims database. The number of planned hospital readmissions defined by the readmission measure was compared with the number identified using clinical data. Readmissions unrelated to the original hospital stay were identified using clinical data. Main Outcomes and Measures Discordance rate between administrative and clinical diagnoses for all hospital readmissions, discrepancy between planned readmissions defined by the readmission measure and identified by clinical medical record review, and fraction of hospital readmissions unrelated to the original hospital stay. Results Of the 315 hospital readmissions, the readmission diagnosis listed in the administrative claims data differed from the clinical diagnosis in 97 readmissions (30.8%). The readmission measure identified 15 readmissions (4.8%) as planned, whereas clinical data identified 43 readmissions (13.7%) as planned. Unrelated readmissions comprised 70 of the 258 unplanned readmissions (27.1%). Conclusions and Relevance Administrative billing data, as used by the readmission measure, do not reliably describe the reason for readmission. The readmission measure accounts for less than half of the planned readmissions and does not account for the nearly one-third of readmissions unrelated to the original hospital stay. Implementation of this readmission measure may result in unwarranted financial penalties for hospitals.
PS2-9: The KPSC Experience of Recruiting 18-year old Emerging Adults

Background/AimsThe challenges of obesity interventions have led researchers and policy makers to focus on obesity prevention. Studying normal weight individuals as they transition from adolescence into adulthood is an interesting group because they have avoided obesity thus far in their life. However, it is a period of weight gain. HMOs have unparalleled access to young adults, but they are typically hard to reach; effective methods to recruit them into studies are relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify effective recruitment methods of 18 year old Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) members.MethodsThe study population was age 18 years in 2012, had at least one outpatient visit with a body mass index (BMI) in 2012, was generally healthy, and normal weight (BMI <25kg/m2). From over 13,000 individuals that met criteria, 500 were randomly selected (55% female) to be contacted through mail, telephone, email, or text. We asked them to complete a 9-item survey. Recruitment was conducted over 6 weeks by 2 research associates. Attempts were made to contact 320 individuals, of which 185 members had an email in our electronic records. The protocol allowed for 5 email attempts, after which telephone attempts were made.ResultsOverall 82 persons (25.6%) completed the survey and 30 (9%) actively refused. For those with an email, 27 surveys were completed (15%), with 4 refusals. Another 23 completed the survey by telephone, with 8 refusals. Of the telephone-only persons, 32 surveys were completed and 18 refused. Incorrect contact information was found for 23 persons. At the end of 6 weeks, we did not reach the remaining members, although anecdotally we spoke to many parents.ConclusionsFuture efforts may require more staff time. Even though the members were adults, many parents were still gatekeepers for their children. It may be more effective to target a younger age group to recruit parents as well as children to obtain informed consent.
X-ray lithography induced radiation damage in CMOS and bipolar devices

Radiation effects from a synchroton x-ray lithography source on the performance degradation and long term reliability of high performance self-aligned bipolar devices and deep sub-micron CMOS devices are studied. The hot-carrier properties of the x-ray induced damage in CMOS devices, such as interface states, positive oxide charges and neutral traps have been examined. The effect of these radiation induced defects and their impact on the DRAM circuits in terms of the performance and reliability are discussed. In the self-aligned, double polysilicon bipolar transistor structure interface states and trapped charges can be generated by the radiation source in the sidewall oxide near the emitter-base junction such damage can increase the emitter-base leakage current. This increase of base current can substantially degrade the device current gain at low bias.
The Oral and Written Language Scales: Is it useful for older children with autism spectrum disorder?

Abstract Communication impairment is a defining feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Little research attention has been devoted to establishing standardized methods for defining and identifying language impairment in children with known or suspected ASD. The present study examines the feasibility and utility of the Oral and Written Language Scales (OWLS) among 70 children with ASD and matched controls (aged 6–21 years). More than 87% of children with ASD were able to complete the OWLS and achieve a true basal score. Scores on the OWLS differentiated children with ASD from their typically developing peers and non-ASD children matched on nonverbal cognitive functioning. Findings suggest that the OWLS is a feasible measure for the large majority of older children with ASD and useful in identifying a variety of language impairments. Findings have implications for standardizing ASD evaluations and achieving greater diagnostic consistency.
Nonpremixed Periodic Flames Supported by Heterogeneous Propellants

The complex combustion  eld that is generated by burning a heterogeneous solid propellant of the kind used in high-performance rockets is studied. We consider a propellant whose surface is one-dimensional periodic, generating a two-dimensional combustion  eld. Two important parameters are the Peclet number Pe and the solid-phase stoichiometric coef cient . We show that for = 7, a representative value, there are essentially two  ame con gurations: For small Peclet numbers, mixing between the surface and the  ame is suf cient to generate a continuous and near-uniform de agration; for Peclet numbers of order 10 or so, each period contains a pair of buttonlike premixed  ames centered over the fuel so that there are signi cant holes in the combustion  eld over the oxidizer. Diffusion- ame structures that are part of the combustion  eld play no role in generating the heat that is conducted back to the propellant surface. Most of our calculations assume that both Lewis numbers are equal to 1 and that the solutions are steady, but time-periodic oscillating solutions are obtained for suf ciently large values of Lewis number.
Weight Loss Success in Metabolic Syndrome by Telephone Interventions: Results from the SHINE Study

BACKGROUND The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) intensive lifestyle intervention resulted in significant weight loss, reducing the development of diabetes, but needs to be adapted to primary care provider (PCP) practices.
From fuzzy logic toward plurimonism: the science of active and empathic observation

Plurimonism is a new philosophy and method of science. It holds that the revolution in computer science and artificial intelligence has reached the point that all the sciences in general can now account for the complex relations of an irreducible plurality of unique observers engaged in describing the same event. Plurimonism seeks to describe the conscious and unconscious relations of the scientific observer during the act of observation of a given event while preserving the historical uniqueness and indivisible identity of each such observer. Using the framework of plurimonism, we mathematically formulate the problem of empathy. This self-reflective mathematical model entails four components of the empathic process involving two observers. They are: 1) the self; 2) the self's-other; 3) the other; and 4) the other's-self. It measures the degree of accuracy of the therapist-observer's empathy, as well as conscious and unconscious processes involved in the patient-observer's idealization and the therapist-observer's confidence in clinical psychotherapy. Ratings are obtained from both patient and therapist from four different points of view. The plural views of the patient's global assessment of functioning (GAF) are from: 1) the therapist's view (TGAF); 2) the patient's view (PGAF); 3) the therapist empathic view (TEGAF), which represents the therapist's estimate of PGAF; and 4) the patient's empathic estimate of the TGAF. The GAF scale is the standard dimensional 100-point-scale measure used in psychiatry for recording a patient's functioning. The patient's estimate of the therapist's degree of accuracy as well as the therapist's confidence in his or her empathic accuracy is also represented. Three formulae are presented that describe the degree of the therapist's empathic accuracy, the patient's over-idealization/under-idealization, and the therapist's over-confidence/under-confidence. The concept of empathy is here restricted to mean the degree to which one observer can take the point of view of another observer when both are observing the same thing.
The Utility of Cross-Cultural Data Potentials and Limitations for Family Sociology

This article addresses issues involved in the usefulness of cross-cultural research in family sociology. Cross-cultural research is defined as comparative research in which the data base consists of quantified ethnographic reports. The article argues that the method has been underutilized by family researchers, and that studies that have employed the method have not been taken seriously by family scholars. Possible reasons for this situation are explored. The basic conclusion is that although there are indeed many limitations on the cross-cultural method, its potentials have not yet been fully realized or exploited by students of the family.
A-Morphous Morphology: The interaction of morphology and syntax

We saw in the preceding chapters that it is at least worth investigating a theory of word structure based not on the classical notion of the morpheme, but rather on the premise that words are related to one another through the operation of processes called Word Formation Rules. It seems clear that the intuition of relatedness among words, captured on the traditional view by saying that they share a morpheme, can be reconstructed satisfactorily within this alternative approach by saying either that they share a base, that they share a morphologically relevant property such as [+ Plural], or that their derivations involve the same rule. Indeed, in separating these subtypes of ‘relatedness’ we arrive at a more nuanced view of the matter than one on which words simply do or do not share one or more entire morphemes. The question of how to reconstruct the internal relations of scope among the parts of a word, represented traditionally by an organization of its component morphemes into a constituent-structure tree, will be postponed until chapter 10, when more of the substance of a rule-based view has been developed. As pointed out at the end of chapter 3, there are a number of aspects of such a theory that need to be fleshed out.
Identifying hypothetical genetic influences on complex disease phenotypes

Statistical interactions between disease-associated loci of complex genetic diseases suggest that genes from these regions are involved in a common mechanism impacting, or impacted by, the disease. The computational problem we address is to discover relationships among genes from these interacting regions that may explain the observed statistical interaction and the role of these genes in the disease phenotype. We describe a heuristic algorithm for generating hypothetical gene relationships from loci associated with a complex disease phenotype. This approach, called Prioritizing Disease Genes by Analysis of Common Elements (PDG-ACE), mines biomedical keywords from text descriptions of genes and uses them to relate genes close to disease-associated loci. A keyword common to, and significantly over-represented in, a pair of gene descriptions may represent a preliminary hypothesis about the biological relationship between the genes, and suggest the role the genes play in the disease phenotype. Our experimentation shows that the approach finds previously published relationships, while failing to find relationships that don't exist. The results also indicate that the approach is robust to differences in keyword vocabulary. We outline a brief case study in which results from a recently published Type 2 Diabetes association study are used to identify potential hypotheses.
Exploring spatial correlation for link quality estimation in wireless sensor networks

The irregularity in quality of wireless communication links poses significant research challenges in wireless sensor network design. Dynamic network conditions and environmental factors make an online, self-adapted link quality estimation mechanism within sensor nodes a necessity for making routing decisions and improving network performance. In this paper, we present a weighted regression algorithm for efficient and accurate estimation of link quality in wireless sensor networks. This algorithm captures the spatial correlation in quality of links between a sensor node and its neighbor nodes, such that the quality of a link to a neighbor node can be estimated based on the quality of links to other nodes geographically close. We evaluate the proposed algorithm using a trace-based simulator which takes into account the variances of link quality over time and spatial locations. The experimental results show that the weighted regression algorithm is able to achieve more accurate estimates than WMEWMA, a state-of-the-art link quality estimator, at a much lower communication cost.
Control of distributed systems over graphs

This paper focuses on designing distributed controllers for interconnected systems in situations where the controller sensing and actuation topology is inherited from that of the plant. The main contribution of this work is new results on general graph interconnection structures. This is accomplished by extending our previous machinery developed for systems with spatial dynamics on Zopf n. We derive analysis and convex synthesis conditions for design in this setting. Furthermore, the methodology developed here provides a unifying viewpoint for our previous and related work on distributed control
A hierarchical system for economic dispatch with environmental constraints

This paper presents a new hierarchical power dispatch system which uses a combination of the offline and the online subsystems to both minimize the cost and reduce the SO/sub 2/ emission. A hierarchical structure is introduced in the offline subsystem which enables the subsystem to generate a coarse-to-fine guideline for balancing the cost and the emission. The online dispatch is computed according to the guideline provided by the offline system. The dispatch is fed back to update the offline computation layer by layer. In this way, the offline guideline can always be adapted to the current situation, and the overall dispatch tends to be optimal for a whole year period. The system is tested by using the data from the Cincinnati Gas and Electric Company. >
The Infant's Acquisition of Knowledge of Bimodally Specified Events

Abstract Four-month-old infants viewed, for a duration of several minutes, two objects that bounced in synchrony with two percussion sounds. This synchrony was the only information tying each sound to its respective object. During the viewing the infants learned about the relationships between sound and object. Learning was revealed in two ways. In a search test, infants looked for an object when its sound was played. In a transfer test, infants' declining interest in a sound presented alone generalized to the visible object that the sound specified. Studies that reversed the spatial locations of the objects revealed that sound-object learning, rather than place or response learning, guided infants' perceptual exploration.
Investigation of PECVD silicon nitride films for surface wave devices

Silicon nitride thin films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) are investigated for application to surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. A matrix of deposition conditions is investigated and the deposition parameters for high-quality films applicable to SAW technology are found. It is confirmed that films having low optical attenuation also have correspondingly good acoustic properties. The experimental procedures for depositing the silicon nitride films, the parameters for high-quality film deposition, and experimental results on the acoustic loss and velocity dispersion are presented. Results indicate low SAW propagation loss and velocity dispersion correlated well with previous investigations. >
Effectiveness of Treatment-Based Drug Courts in Reducing Criminal Recidivism

This study examined outcomes for two treatment-based drug court programs during a 30-month follow-up period. Outcomes for drug court graduates were contrasted with those of nongraduates and of comparison groups that consisted of offenders who were placed on probation supervision during the same period and did not receive drug court services. Drug court graduates from both programs were significantly less likely to be arrested and had fewer arrests during follow-up in comparison to matched probationers and nongraduates. For both drug courts, the rates of arrest during the 30-month follow-up period declined in direct relationship to the duration of drug court involvement. Drug court graduates had lower rates of substance abuse than comparable groups of treated offenders. The implications for clinical practice and the need for additional drug court outcome research are discussed.
The Cardiovascular Effect of Propanidid (Epontol

SUMMARY The cardiovascular effect of the new ultrashort-acting nonbarbituric intravenous anaesthetic agent propanidid (Epontol®) was investigated and compared with anaesthetically equipotent doses of methohexital (Brietal®) in open-chest rabbits under pentobarbital anaesthesia. With the doses used, propanidid had a more distinct effect on myocardial contractile force, blood pressure and right atrial pressure than methohexital. The differences were statistically significant. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die kardiovaskularen Wirkungen des neuen ultrakurzwirkenden intravenosen Anaesthetikums Propanidid (Epontol) wurden untersucht und mit gleich stark wirkenden Dosen von Methohexital an Kaninchen mit offenem Thorax unter Pentobarbitalanaesthesie verglichen. In den angewandten Dosierungen hatte Propanidid einen deutlichen Effekt auf die Kontraktionskraft des Myocards, den Blutdruck und den rechten Vorhofsdruck gegenuber Methohexital. Die Unterschiede waren statistisch signifikant.