cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anemia interprofessional team role-play case for students in outpatient primary care

Abstract Interprofessional education (IPE) encourages knowledge exchange, improves understanding of the various roles of healthcare team members, reduces medical errors and cultivates better communication for improved patient outcomes. However, there is often little or no exposure to other healthcare professionals until the clinical rotation experiences later in the curriculum. To address this, this curricular resource proposes a comprehensive approach to an anemia interprofessional team role-play case. This case was built to identify the strengths of two different disciplines within a healthcare team: Physician Assistant (PA) students (n = 41) who come from a primarily diagnostic-focused discipline and pharmacy students (n = 48) who come from a heavily treatment-focused discipline. The objectives of this activity focused on improving student knowledge of roles and responsibilities of healthcare team members and emphasizing the importance of teamwork in an interprofessional setting. Outcomes were measured using the RIPLs survey. Participation in this IPE exercise allowed the students to practice their own discipline and observe the other students’ discipline by playing the role of a mock patient. Information required to repeat the activity is available under required materials, appendices, tables, and figures.
Modern Interpretation Methods

The extent of “crudity“ to employ in test interpretation remains the central conundrum for the psychologist. And was said well by Doll (1953), the special circumstances of each assessment, such as the differing needs for diagnosis, treatment planning, and establishing prognosis, all must be met. In addition, the context of the client’s life, akin to the relationship ofhumidity to perceptions of temperature, affects interpretation. The fourth child in a family of academically gifted children may be perceived as cognitively delayed if his overall intelligence composite is a mere 100. On the contrary, a hard-working person of average general intellectual ability may seem precocious if she attends a college with an easy curriculum. In other words, we must carefully consider contextual variables such as career choice, educational aspirations, educational history, curriculum demands, peer competitors, sibling performance, cultural demands, linguistic competencies, medical history, and numerous other qualitative variables prior to judging the appropriate “crudity” of our conclusions. For this reason I use the term integrative or integrate with some frequency throughout this chapter in order to emphasize the necessity of making interpretations in the light of knowledge of environmental contexts.
Food insecurity and healthcare access, utilization, and quality among middle and later life adults in California.

Objectives: This study examined the association between food insecurity status and healthcare access, utilization, and quality among adults aged 55 years and older. Methods: Data collected between ...
The Price of Poverty: Policy Implications of the Unequal Effects of Monetary Sanctions on the Poor.

Over the last several decades, with the rise of mass incarceration in the United States and its steep costs, governments at the federal, state, and local levels have dramatically ramped up monetary...
Carcinomas of the Gastrointestinal Tract

This chapter reviews the key clinical, macroscopic, and microscopic features of carcinomas of the esophagus, stomach, small and large bowels, and anus. Challenging issues in interpretation of high-grade dysplasia, intramucosal adenocarcinoma, and invasive carcinoma are discussed, in addition to addressing how the criteria for these diagnoses vary across the gastrointestinal tract. Histologic features of unique subtypes of carcinomas included in the WHO classification are described along with associated clinical correlates. Included are also practical tips for pathologic staging unique to the gastrointestinal tract such as assessment of high-risk tumor features, lymph node metastasis, and margin status. Emphasized are useful approaches for examining specimens obtained from patients with genetic cancer predisposing syndromes along with reporting of pertinent molecular and immunohistochemical ancillary studies such as PD-L1 assays and tests for microsatellite instability.
Diversity dialogue groups : A model for enhancing work place diversity

Academic libraries have for some time focused on the importance of achieving diversity within our organizations. However, the focus is shifting beyond efforts to increase the number of underepresented groups in the workplace, to managing workplace diversity. The creation of Diversity Dialogue Groups presents libraries with a new model for increasing the understanding and acceptance of differences in the workplace
Reducing Annotation Times: Semantic Segmentation of Coral Reef Survey Images

Benthic quadrat studies requiring time-intensive manual image annotation are currently a critical component of assessing the health of coral reefs. Patch–based image classification using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can automate this task by providing sparse labels, but remain computationally inefficient. This work extends the idea of automatic image annotation by using fully convolutional networks (FCNs) to provide dense labels through semantic segmentation. We present an improved version the Multilevel Superpixel Segmentation (MSS) algorithm, which repurposes existing sparse labels for images by converting them into the dense labels necessary for training a FCN automatically. Our implementation-Fast-MSS-is demonstrated to perform considerably faster than the original without sacrificing accuracy. To showcase the applicability to benthic ecologists, we validate this method using the Moorea Labeled Coral (MLC) dataset as a benchmark. FCNs are evaluated by comparing their predictions on test images with the corresponding ground-truth sparse labels. Our results indicate that FCNs' perform with accuracies that are suitable for many ecological applications, and can increase even further when trained on dense labels augmented with additional sparse labels provided by a patch-based image classifier. The contributions of this study help move the field of benthic ecology towards more efficient monitoring of coral reefs through entirely automated processes.
Numerical solution of a three-dimensional shock wave and turbulent boundary-layer interaction

A rapid numerical scheme is used to solve the complete mass-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for supersonic turbulent flow over a three-dimensional compression corner. A simple eddy viscosity model is developed, and the interaction of a swept shock wave and a three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer is studied. Good agreement is obtained between the present results and experimental measurements for the case of a wedge with an angle of 6 deg on a flat-plate sidewall. For the case of a 12-deg wedge angle, the computed results do not show the existence of a peak pressure found experimentally. However, the range of interaction, the plateau pressure, and the peak heat transfer are closely predicted for all cases. The high heat transfer near the axial corner is due to the thinning of the boundary layer and inflow of fresh high-momentum fluid. The heat transfer is relieved through pressure reduction and boundary-layer thickening.
Single-orientation Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping identifies the Ventral Intermediate Nucleus of the Thalamus

Introduction: The ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) represents the primary target in the treatment of tremor. Accurate localization is extremely important given its proximity to other thalamic nuclei. We utilized single orientation quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) at 3T to directly visualize the VIM. Methods: Four adult volunteers, one adult cadaver, and an essential tremor patient were scanned on a 3T MRI using a multi-echo gradient echo sequence. QSM images were generated using the improved sparse linear equation and least-squares (iLSQR) algorithm. Two adult subjects underwent multiple head orientation imaging for multi-orientation QSM reconstruction. The VIM was prospectively identified with direct visualization as well as indirect landmark-based localization. Results: The bilateral VIM was consistently identified as a hypointense structure within the lateral thalamus, appearing similar on multi-orientation and single-orientation QSM, corresponding to the myelinated dentatorubrothalamic tract (DRTT). The indirect method resulted in a comparatively inferomedial localization, at times missing the VIM and DRTT. Conclusion: Single-orientation QSM offers a clinically feasible, non-invasive imaging-based approach to directly localize the VIM.
Religious leaders’ trust in mental health professionals

Religious leaders are often the first recourse for people facing mental health challenges. Efforts have been made to understand faith leaders’ mental health literacy, but little is known about the ...
Political costs of disclosure

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether firm disclosures determine firms’ political costs. I proxy for firms’ political costs using a novel measure of firms’ regulatory burden that varies across 45,451 U.S. industry-years between 1969 and 2012. I identify variation in firm disclosures using the promulgation of fourteen FASB standards between 1972 and 2009. Using a time-varying difference-in-differences research design, I document increases in firms’ regulatory burden following FASB standard promulgation, relative to an entropy-balanced control group. This evidence suggests that political costs of disclosure 1) exist and 2) suppress the production of information in the economy. An event-time specification corroborates and documents the validity of the parallel trends assumption in the setting. Supplementary analyses reveal that more credible disclosures drive the association. Placebo tests illustrate that FASB standards delivering little new information to firm stakeholders elicit no regulatory response.
The local and systemic effects of cream on blood coagulation: a physiological basis for early feeding in gastrointestinal bleeding.

Summary A review of the development of the concept of early feeding in gastrointestinal bleeding is presented. Evidence is presented to show that cream increases the coagulability of the blood and exhibits properties of a local hemostatic agent. In addition it may be expected to inhibit motility, depress secretion and buffer gastric acid. The early feeding of milk and cream in gastrointestinal bleeding would appear to be justified on a physiological basis.
Interference effects in (. pi. ,. pi. N) reactions

Contributions of quasifree and nonquasifree reaction processes to (..pi..,..pi..N) reactions have been investigated across the (3,3) resonance region. We demonstrate that the quantum mechanical interference between these two types of reaction processes significantly affects the calculated ..pi../sup -/- and ..pi../sup +/-induced cross sections, as well as their ratio. In the case of incident ..pi../sup -/, the contributions from the interference term even exceed those from the pure nonquasifree term. This investigation of the (..pi..,..pi..N) reaction thus indicates that the interpretations given to the parameter introduced into various published semiclassical models, in which interference effects were ignored, are incorrect.
Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease and the susceptibility of aggregate hosts.

Purpose Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria has been responsible for recent increase in invasive disease in the adult population of the United States. This increase in H. influenzae infections is greatest in individuals above 65 years of age. A plausible explanation for this increase may be the changes observed in the epidemiology of invasive H. influenzae type b (Hib) disease and the susceptibility of aggregate hosts. Data sources A comprehensive literature review was conducted from multiple data sources, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, CDC, journal articles, reference texts, and Internet websites. Conclusions The increase in infectious disease caused by H. influenzae type b bacteria is affecting individuals 65 years and older and is preventable. However, Hib vaccines are currently approved for the pediatric population and susceptible adults with certain immune deficiencies. New trends in this invasive disease require reevaluation of current guidelines to include individuals 65 years and older as target population for the polysaccharide Hib vaccine. Implications for practice The changing epidemiology of H. influenzae type b bacteria requires reevaluation of current immunization guidelines regarding Hib vaccination so that it is included in the immunization schedule for adults aged 65 and above.
Signal transduction proteins that associate with the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor mediate the PDGF-induced release of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from permeabilized cells.

Permeabilized rat kidney cells rapidly released glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) following stimulation with peptide growth factors (Stanton, R.C., Seifter, J.L., Boxer, D.C., Zimmerman, E., and Cantley, L. C. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 12442-12448). To evaluate the signal transduction pathways mediating release of G6PD, two cell lines transfected with wild type or mutant platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors (PDGFR) were studied using two permeabilization protocols. G6PD release was evaluated by enzyme activity and Western blot analysis. PDGF caused a significant increase in G6PD release in 1 min in cells transfected with wild type PDGFR. PDGF did not stimulate G6PD release in cells transfected with tyrosine kinase-deficient PDGFR. PDGF did not stimulate G6PD release in cells transfected with partially autophosphorylation-deficient PDGFR in which four known signaling proteins do not associate with the PDGFR. The PDGF-stimulated release of G6PD was partially restored in PDGFR mutants in which either phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase or phospholipase C gamma 1 could associate with the PDGFR. Lastly, there was no basal or PDGF-stimulated phosphorylation of G6PD. We conclude that release of G6PD: 1) requires intrinsic PDGFR tyrosine kinase activity; 2) requires PDGFR autophosphorylation; 3) is mediated by signaling proteins that associate with the PDGFR; 4) is not mediated by direct phosphorylation of G6PD.
Development of Training and Jointing Techniques to Prolong the Life of Lead Cable Sheath [includes discussion]

This paper presents the results of laboratory and field studies of the life of lead cable sheath as affected by mechanical movement. New developments in methods of training, supporting, and jointing to prolong sheath life are discussed. A possible solution to the problem of repair of field failures is described.
Two-dimensional quantum gas in a hybrid surface trap

We demonstrate the realization of a two-dimensional (2D) quantum gas in a smooth optical surface trap. Using a combination of evanescent wave, standing wave, and magnetic potentials, we create a long-lived quantum gas deep in the 2D regime at a distance of a few microns from a glass surface. To realize a system suitable for many-body quantum simulation, we introduce methods such as broadband ``white'' light to create evanescent and standing waves to realize a smooth potential with a trap frequency aspect ratio of 300:1:1. We are able to detect phase fluctuations and vortices, and we demonstrate cooling to degeneracy and low disorder in the 2D configuration.
In vitro biosynthesis of sialosylgalactosylceramide (G7) by mouse brain microsomes.

Abstract A sialytransferase activity which catalyzes the synthesis of sialosylgalactosylceramide (G7) from added galactocerebroside and CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid has been demonstrated in mouse brain microsomes. The enzyme reaction shows a pH optimum of 6.3 and requires detergents. Both Mn2+ and Ca2+ inhibited the reaction, whereas Mg2+ had no effect. The apparent Km for galactocerebroside leading to G7 was estimated to be 8.7 X 10(-4) M. The same microsomal preparation also synthesized hematoside when ceramide lactoside was the glycolipid acceptor. The apparent Km for ceramide lactoside was about one-tenth that for galactocerebroside. When the preparations were partially inactivated by heat the synthesis of G7 and of hematoside was reduced at approximately the same rate. Liver appeared to have the highest activity for G7 synthesis (as well as of hematoside), followed by brain. The synthesis of B7 by mouse brain microsomes in vitro demonstrates a new pathway for brain ganglioside synthesis.
Mejoras cuantitativas y cualitativas de los programas de estancias cortas en el extranjero

Participation in short-term study abroad has increased dramatically in the United States, overshadowing the traditional semester or academic year abroad programming of decades past. While maligned and shunned by many language instructors and study abroad providers, a growing body of research is emerging in defense of short-term programs. The present study examines quantitative gains in cultural fluency, looking to determine the best timing for assessing gains upon return to the home country. Those results in turn will inform future short-term study abroad planning.
Model for the temperature dependence of the quasiparticle interference pattern in the measured scanning tunneling spectra of underdoped cuprate superconductors

In this paper we explore the behavior of the quasiparticle interference (QPI) pattern of scanning tunneling microscopy as a function of temperature $T$, for moderately underdoped cuprates. After ensuring a minimal consistency with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we find that the QPI pattern is profoundly sensitive to quasiparticle coherence and that it manifests two energy-gap scales. In particular, we find that the superconducting QPI pattern vanishes at the same temperature as that at which the Fermi arcs appear. Experimental support for this conclusion comes from the observation of a nearly dispersionless QPI pattern which has been observed to appear above ${T}_{c}$ in moderately underdoped cuprates. To illustrate the important two energy scale physics we present predictions of the QPI-inferred energy gaps as a function of $T$ for future experiments on moderately underdoped cuprates. This defines the so-called ``Bogoliubov arcs,'' which we find have an extinction point controlled by the size of the superconducting order parameter. This extinction, thus, seems unrelated to the magnetic zone boundary. Moreover, the calculated Bogoliubov arcs persist across the full nodal region, as might be expected, since that is where the superconductivity is thought to be dominant. A second larger energy scale is implied from extrapolation to the antinodes, presuming a simple $d$-wave shape and that the temperatures are not too close to ${T}_{c}$. This corresponds to the pseudogap energy scale in the literature.
The number-theoretic content of the Jacobi triple product identity.

We prove the Jacobi Triple Product Identity by exhibiting an elementary number-theoretic proposition that is equivalent to it, and then proving that the proposition is true.
Inhibition of cerebellar granule cell turning by alcohol.

Abstract Ectopic neurons are often found in the brains of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) patients, suggesting that alcohol exposure impairs neuronal cell migration. Although it has been reported that alcohol decreases the speed of neuronal cell migration, little is known about whether alcohol also affects the turning of neurons. Here we show that ethanol exposure inhibits the turning of cerebellar granule cells in vivo and in vitro . First, in vivo studies using P10 mice demonstrated that a single intraperitoneal injection of ethanol not only reduces the number of turning granule cells but also alters the mode of turning at the EGL–ML border of the cerebellum. Second, in vitro analysis using microexplant cultures of P0–P3 mouse cerebella revealed that ethanol directly reduces the frequency of spontaneous granule cell turning in a dose-dependent manner. Third, the action of ethanol on the frequency of granule cell turning was significantly ameliorated by stimulating Ca 2+ and cGMP signaling or by inhibiting cAMP signaling. Taken together, these results indicate that ethanol affects the frequency and mode of cerebellar granule cell turning through alteration of the Ca 2+ and cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways, suggesting that the abnormal allocation of neurons found in the brains of FASD and FSA patients results, at least in part, from impaired turning of immature neurons by alcohol.
Gross-Pitaevskii equation for Bose particles in a double-well potential: Two-mode models and beyond

In this work, our primary goal has been to explore the range of validity of two-mode models for Bose-Einstein condensates in double-well potentials. Our derivation, like others, uses symmetric and antisymmetric condensate basis functions for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. In what we call an ``improved two-mode model'' (I2M), the tunneling coupling energy explicitly includes a nonlinear interaction term, which has been given previously in the literature but not widely appreciated. We show that when the atom number (and hence the extent of the wave function) in each well vary appreciably with time, the nonlinear interaction term produces a temporal change in the tunneling energy or rate, which has not previously been considered to our knowledge. In addition, we obtain a parameter, labeled ``interaction tunneling,'' that produces a decrease of the tunneling energy when the wave functions in the two wells overlap to some extent. Especially for larger values of the nonlinear interaction term, results from this model produce better agreement with numerical solutions of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in one and three dimensions, as compared with models that have no interaction term in the tunneling energy. The usefulness of this model is demonstrated by good agreement with recent experimental results for the tunneling oscillation frequency [Albiez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 010402 (2005)]. We also present equations and results for a multimode approach, and use the I2M model to obtain modified equations for the second-quantized version of the Bose-Einstein double-well problem.
Dissociation Predicts Later Attention Problems in Sexually Abused Children.

Objective The goals of this research are to develop and test a prospective model of attention problems in sexually abused children that includes fixed variables (e.g., gender), trauma, and disclosure-related pathways.
Construction and Performance of Ribbon-Wound TE 011 Cylindrical EPR/ENDOR Cavities

Abstract A robust yet sensitive Q-band (35 GHz) cavity has been designed for routine variable temperature electron paramagnetic resonance and electron nuclear double-resonance measurements down to 2 K. The cavity withstands repeated temperature cycling as well as providing high microwave energy density and magnetic-field modulation at the sample. It consists of an aluminum or brass (plain, silver, or gold-plated) ribbon imbedded in a cylindrical epoxy or epoxy/quartz composite with a tunable piston at the bottom. The cavity has all the advantages of the traditional silver wire-wound cavity often used for Q-band measurements but is much more robust and easier to construct. The cavity suppresses degenerate resonant modes and minimizes wall eddy currents induced by field modulation. With standard Varian Q-band modulation coils, a 100 kHz modulation field of 27 G peak-to-peak is obtained at the sample. The cavity Q L (≈2500) and weak pitch signal/noise (≈1000:1) with a Varian/E-110 microwave bridge are comparable to those obtained with either a traditional wire-wound cavity or a cavity constructed with a thin silver wall on an epoxy/quartz substrate. A set of parallel posts along the axis of the cavity (bidirection) form the ENDOR coil. The “ribbon-wound” design should be useful in EPR and ENDOR applications at frequencies higher than Q band as well.
Apoptosis in ocular disease: a molecular overview

Apoptosis is a form of genetically programmed cell death that can be induced by a variety of different stimuli. It is often referred to as a form of cellular suicide. Typically, apoptosis is characterized by the condensation and shrinkage of the cellular nucleus and cytoplasm, followed by the complete fragmentation of the cell and subsequent phagocytosis of the debris by surrounding cells. Although important during development, and also for maintaining homeostasis in some adult tissues, apoptosis can also be associated with disease processes. Recent laboratory studies indicate that apoptosis is a mechanism of cell death in several important ocular diseases including glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, cataract formation, retinoblastoma, retinal ischemia, and diabetic retinopathy. This review summarizes the results of these studies and provides a brief description of some of the key molecules that are involved in the genetic regulation of apoptosis. It is possible that a complete understanding of how these molecules function may someday lead to new treatment options aimed at blocking the death of cells in a variety of ocular diseases.
Generation of fusion systems of characteristic 2-type

We prove that if ℱ is a saturated fusion system on a finite 2-group S, then either ℱ is known, or ℱ is generated by the normalizers of two canonically defined ℱ-characteristic subgroups of S. There are various corollaries for finite groups of characteristic 2-type.
Minimum-cardinality triangulations of the d -cube for d =5 and d =6

Abstract We show that the minimum number of simplices in a triangulation of the 5-cube is 67, and that among the corner-slicing triangulations of the 6-cube the minimum number of simplices is 324.
A NMR study of the interaction of N-trifluoroacetyl-D-phenylalanine with α-chymotrypsin

Abstract The dissociation constant and bound chemical shift for N-trifluoroacetyl-D-phenylalanine exchanging with α-chymotrypsin has been determined by 19 F NMR. A computer method is presented for obtaining these constants from chemical shift data. The bound chemical shift appears to be a very sensitive probe for the active site of α-chymotrypsin and reflects changes in the active site with changes in pH.
Post-translational modifications of ATP synthase in the heart: biology and function

The ATP synthase complex is a critical enzyme in the energetic pathways of cells because it is the enzyme complex that produces the majority of cellular ATP. It has been shown to be involved in several cardiac phenotypes including heart failure and preconditioning, a cellular protective mechanism. Understanding the regulation of this enzyme is important in understanding the mechanisms behind these important phenomena. Recently there have been several post-translational modifications (PTM) reported for various subunits of this enzyme complex, opening up the possibility of differential regulation by these PTMs. Here we discuss the known PTMs in the heart and other mammalian tissues and their implication to function and regulation of the ATP synthase.
PhyA gene product of Aspergillus ficuum and Peniophora lycii produces dissimilar phytases

PhyA gene products of Aspergillus ficuum (AF) and Peniophora lycii (PL) as expressed in industrial strains of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae, respectively, were purified to homogeneity and then characterized for both physical and biochemical properties. The PL phytase is 26 amino acid residues shorter than the AF phytase. Dynamic light scattering studies indicate that the active AF phytase is a monomer while the PL phytase is a dimer. While both of the phytases retained four identical glycosylatable Asn residues, unique glycosylation sites, six for PL and seven for AF phytase, were observed. Global alignment of both the phytases has shown 38% sequence homology between the two proteins. At 58 degrees C and pH 5.0, the PL phytase gave a specific activity of 22,000 nKat/mg as opposed to about 3000 nKat/mg for AF phytase. However, the AF phytase is more thermostable than its counterpart PL phytase at 65 degrees C. Also, AF phytase is more stable at pH 7.5 than the PL phytase. The two phytases differed in K(m) for phytate, K(i) for myo-inositol hexasulfate (MIHS), and pH optima profile. Despite similarities in the active site sequences, the two phytases show remarkable differences in turnover number, pH optima profile, stability at higher temperature, and alkaline pH. These biochemical differences indicate that phytases from ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi may have evolved to degrade phytate in different environments.
Simultaneous occurrence of right adrenocortical tumor and left adrenal neuroblastoma in an infant with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

Children with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) have increased risk for development of embryonal tumors. We present the case of an infant with BWS who has hypomethylation of LIT1 gene in the 11p15.5 chromosomal region and at 6 months of age presented with simultaneous occurrence of neuroblastoma arising from the left adrenal gland and a right adrenocortical tumor. She underwent surgical resection of both tumors and remains tumor free 18 months after surgery. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:695–698. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hardness and deformation of cemented tungsten carbide

An attempt is made to relate the hardness of cemented tungsten carbide to its microstructure. In the composition range under investigation, the carbide particles form a partially connected structure with long range continuity through direct carbide-carbide contracts. The fraction of the continuous carbide volume is calculated to be equal to the volume fraction of the carbide phase multiplied by the contiguity of that phase, i.e., VC = VWCC. The concept of plastic limit analysis is used to evaluate the effect of the continous carbide phase on the hardness of WC-Co alloys, and the following equation is proposed: HC = HWCVWCC + Hm (1 − VWCC). The in situ hardness of the carbide and matrix phases are functions of particle size, d, and binder mean free path, Λ, respectively, and are represented by the empirical equations HWC = 1 382 + 23.1 d−12 (kg/mm2)Hm = 304 + 12.7 Λ−12 (kg/mm2).
Human-inspired force compliant grasping primitives

We address the problem of grasping everyday objects that are small relative to an anthropomorphic hand, such as pens, screwdrivers, cellphones, and hammers from their natural poses on a support surface, e.g., a table top. In such conditions, state of the art grasp generation techniques fail to provide robust, achievable solutions due to either ignoring or trying to avoid contact with the support surface. In contrast, when people grasp small objects, they often make use of substantial contact with the support surface. In this paper we give results of human subjects grasping studies which show the extent and characteristics of environment contact under different task conditions. We develop a simple closed-loop hybrid grasping controller that mimics this interactive, contact-rich strategy by a position-force, pre-grasp and landing strategy for finger placement. The approach uses a compliant control of the hand during the grasp and release of objects in order to preserve safety. We conducted extensive robotic grasping experiments on a variety of small objects with similar shape and size. The results demonstrate that our approach is robust to localization uncertainties and applies to many everyday objects.
Nitric oxide measurements in rat mesentery reveal disrupted venulo-arteriolar communication in diabetes.

Objective:Arteriolar tone is partially controlled by diffusing mediators released by closely paired venules and is reported to depend on venular shear and venular leukocyte adherence. In healthy rat mesentery, venule-initiated arteriolar dilation and consequent enhanced capillary flow appear to be tightly regulated by nitric oxide (NO). In contrast, diabetes inhibits NO-dependent vasodilation and is associated with dysfunctional microcirculation. The objective of this study was to investigate venule-dependent NO in diabetes. Methods:Arteriolar and venular wall concentrations of NO were measured in control and diabetic (streptozotocin-induced) rat mesentery with fluorescent diaminofluorescein-2-diacetate (DAF-2-DA); tissue NO was measured with DAF-2. Venular leukocyte adherence and microvascular shear rates were also measured. Results:Microvascular NO in diabetic rats was found to be significantly lower (<50%) than in controls. In normal rats, arteriolar NO demonstrated a positive correlation with venular ...
Performance of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices prepared by airbrush spray deposition

We have used airbrush spray deposition to fabricate organic photovoltaic devices with an active layer composed of a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester. Working devices were prepared in ambient conditions from a variety of common organic solvents; active layers prepared from chlorobenzene exhibit improved homogeneity, resulting in narrower distributions of the relevant device parameters. Further studies on devices prepared from chlorobenzene showed that annealing at 120°C for 10min resulted in optimum performance, and that an active layer thickness of 150nm resulted in a maximum efficiency of 2.35% under AM1.5 illumination at 1sun.
Influence of electromagnetic fields on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro: A three‐model analysis consistent with the frequency response up to 510 Hz

The frequency dependence of electromagnetic field-induced calcium-ion efflux from chicken brain tissues has been examined at 15-Hz intervals over the range 1-510 Hz. The electric field component was 15 Vrms/m and the magnetic component varied between 59 and 69 nTrms. No patterns of response as a function of frequency could be readily discerned when the differences in mean efflux values between exposed and sham samples were compared. However, the calculated P-value, a function that combines at each frequency the difference between the means of the exposed and sham groups with the variance of each group, does provide a basis for hypothesizing the existence of three frequency-dependent patterns in the data. One pattern includes all the highly significant (P less than .01) responses which occur between 15 and 315 Hz, at 30-Hz intervals; two independent trials at 165 Hz, giving nonsignificant responses (P greater than .5), break this pattern into two groups of five frequencies each, which is contrary to the expected result for a simple Lorentz-force interaction. However, another pattern of significant results at 60, 90, and 180 Hz, but not at 300 Hz, is consistent with a Lorentz-force model. A third pattern, composed of only one significant response at 405 Hz, is very close to the resonance predicted on a linear extrapolation from high-frequency data for 13carbon atoms. This hypothetical ordering of the frequency-response profile provides the basis for future experimental designs to test each possible interaction model and for their connection to the calcium-ion efflux endpoint.
Inhibition of red blood cell-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood by a nonionic surfactant, poloxamer 188 (Rheothrx® Injection)

RheothRx Injection, an aqueous solution of a nonionic block copolymer (poloxamer 188) formulated for intravenous administration, was investigated as an inhibitor of red blood cell (RBC)-induced platelet aggregation at plasma concentrations of 0.05-5mgmL-1. Platelet aggregation was determined by measuring the fall in single platelet counts after mechanical agitation of 2mL aliquots of citrated whole blood in a 37 degrees C shaking waterbath. Inhibition of RBC-induced platelet aggregation of > 95% was observed for poloxamer 188 at a concentration of 1mgmL-1, and 41% inhibition was observed at 0.05mgmL-1. Poloxamer 188 was observed to be a more effective inhibitor of RBC-induced platelet aggregation than 2-chloradenosine (2-ClAd) or phosphoenolpyruvate/pyruvate kinase (PEP/PK). Studies using platelet rich plasma (PRP) showed that platelet aggregation could not be induced by shaking in the absence of RBC, though aggregation was induced by the addition of exogenous adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Poloxamer 188 did not inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation. We propose that poloxamer 188 protects RBC from mechanical trauma by non-specific adsorption of copolymer to the RBC surface (via the hydrophobic polyoxypropylene moiety), and that this effect prevents mechanical damage and hence leakage of ADP from RBC. RheothRx Injection has been shown to have value in the treatment of acute ischemic disorders such as myocardial infarction. The observation of significant inhibition of RBC-induced platelet aggregation at clinically relevant concentrations suggests that RheothRx Injection may have antithrombotic properties in vivo, and may therefore have potential not only in acute ischemia but also to prevent thrombosis within vascular prostheses or to prevent rethrombosis after angioplasty or endarterectomy.
A Filament between Galaxy Clusters A3391 and A3395

Filamentary gas spanning the region between the galaxy clusters Abell 3391 and Abell 3395 has been detected using ASCA and ROSAT archived data. The gas has a minimum flux of 1.3 × 10-12 ergs cm-2 s-1 (0.8-10 keV). Within this filament resides a galaxy group for which a flux of (2.0 ± 0.3) × 10-13 ergs cm-2 s-1 (0.8-10 keV) is determined. An analysis using ray-tracing determines light scattered into the filamentary region contributes 13% of the count rate. The structure in which the filamentary gas resides is postulated to be a filament aligned nearly lengthwise with the line of sight. Identification of this structure as a filament is based on the angular and redshift distribution of surrounding galaxies and clusters. The distribution is compatible with the structure being a quasi-linear structure tilted to the line of sight such that the ratio of the depth to the tangential distance is between 6 : 1 and 18 : 1. The filamentary gas contains on the order of 1013 M☉ of gas, which is close to 2% of the total mass of the system.
A Comparison of the Experiences of Yearlong Interns in a Professional Development School and One-semester Student Teachers in a Non-PDS Location

Abstract University teacher preparation programs are experiencing a period of major reform as they transition away from engaging teacher candidates in theoretical discussions of instructional practices to programs that require teacher candidates to implement instruction in P-12 classrooms. In this study, 22 yearlong interns in professional development schools and 35 traditional one-semester student teachers in non-PDS sites were interviewed at the end of the four-year program. Interview questions concerned instructional responsibilities and decision-making, behavior management, professional support, social interactions with mentor teachers, university supervisor support, and content of seminars. The groups reported differences in the areas of instructional responsibilities, behavior management problem solving and perceptions of professional support.
EFFECT OF ION FLUENCE ON THE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF SINGLE CRYSTAL MAGNESIUM OXIDE IMPLANTED WITH XENON

The surface morphology of (001)-oriented single crystal magnesium oxide (MgO) implanted with xenon ions has been examined using atomic force microscopy. It was found that at the lowest fluence used in this study (1.0{times}10{sup 14}/cm{sup 2}), slight roughening of the (001) surface occurred. The magnitude of this roughening remained fairly constant with increases in fluence in the range 1.0{times}10{sup 14}/cm{sup 2} to 3.0{times}10{sup 16}/cm{sup 2}. Implantation at fluences of {ge}1.0{times}10{sup 17}/cm{sup 2} caused significant surface roughening with the concomitant formation of micro-sized blisters. The appearance of some of these blisters resembles the rosette pattern which is also observed when the cleaved surfaces of MgO crystals are etched following indentation using a spherical indenter. This observation suggests that these blisters are formed by the growth of xenon inclusions, during implantation, by a dislocation loop punching mechanism. {copyright} 1995 {ital Materials} {ital Research} {ital Society}.
Differential Biallelic Activation of Three Insulin-Like Growth Factor II Promoters in the Mouse Central Nervous System

Imprinting of the insulin-like growth factor II gene (IGF-II) is conserved in human, rat, and mouse. In human liver and chondrocytes, IGF-II transcripts from promoter hP1 are always derived from both parental alleles, while transcripts from promoters hP2-hP4 are from one parental allele. To examine the promoter-specific imprinting pattern of mouse IGF-II, we examined IGF-II expression in F1 generation mice derived from crossing M. spretus with M. musculus using a novel BsaA1 polymorphism in mouse IGF-II exon 6. There was maintenance of maternal IGF-II imprinting in all non-central nervous system (CNS) tissues in the F1 generation animals. However, there was biallelic expression of the IGF-II gene in CNS. Allelic expression of each IGF-II promoter transcript was examined by full-length cDNA amplification with promoter-specific primers. In every tissue in which IGF-II was imprinted, IGF-II transcripts were derived from paternal promoters mP1-mP3, while the maternal allele was suppressed. In the CNS, however...
New method for PAPR reduction based on union strategy in OFDM system

Because of the high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system, a union algorithm for PAPR reduction, combined with modified Active Constellation Extension Smart Gradient-Project(ACE-SGP) algorithm and adaptive clipping algorithm, is proposed in this paper. First of all, an adaptive strategy is used to control the size of clipping level A. Secondly, a novel step factor µ is adopted to complete iterative computations in order to increase the convergence speed greatly. Simulation results show that the modified algorithm has reduced the PAPR and improved the convergence speed significantly without side information and any processing at the receiver end.
Biomass and Nutrient Content of Hazel Undergrowth

Studies in hazel undergrowths in five Minnesota pine stands provided techniques for estimating total hazel biomass and its three components (leaves, aerial stems, underground parts). Regression equations were developed for estimating total biomass and the three components based on measurements of aerial stem weight, aerial stem basal area, or number of aerial stems. Nutrient concentrations in the three biomass components were not well enough correlated with biomass nor with each to allow estimation using regression techniques. Total hazel biomass ranged from 4,600 to 15,000 kg/ha representing 4% to 7% of the total above ground weight of the stands. Compared to the overstory, hazel appeared to be rich in Ca, P. and Mn and contained from 2% to 22% of the weight of the nutrients in the above—ground parts of the vegetation. See full-text article at JSTOR
Photo-induced fluidity of chalcogenide glasses

We present a model which might explain the photo-induced fluidity in chalcogenide glasses discovered recently by Hisakuni and Tanaka. We predict that this phenomenon should occur even at very low temperatures. The basic elements of our model are recombination-induced atomic motions and bond charges which also cause a variety of other reversible and irreversible photostructural changes in chalcogenide glasses.
Inactivation of Dehydratase [4Fe-4S] Clusters and Disruption of Iron Homeostasis upon Cell Exposure to Peroxynitrite

Phagocytes produce both nitric oxide and superoxide as components of the oxidative defense against pathogens. Neither molecule is likely at physiological concentrations to kill cells. However, two of their reaction products, hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, are strong oxidants, cell-permeant, and toxic. Hydrogen peroxide generates oxidative DNA damage, while the primary mechanism of toxicity of peroxynitrite has not yet been determined. Recent in vitro studies indicated that peroxynitrite is capable of oxidizing the [4Fe-4S] clusters of a family of dehydratases (Hausladen, A., and Fridovich, I. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 29405-29408; Castro, L., Rodriguez, M., and Radi, R. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 29409-29415). We demonstrate here that peroxynitrite at 1% of its lethal dose almost fully inactivated the labile dehydratases in Escherichia coli. The rate at which peroxynitrite inactivated the clusters substantially exceeded the rate at which it oxidized thiols or spontaneously decomposed. These results suggest that these dehydratases may be primary targets of peroxynitrite in vivo. Another consequence of the cluster damage was the release of 100 microM iron into the cytosol. During phagocytosis, this intracellular free iron could increase lethal DNA damage by hydrogen peroxide or protein modification by additional peroxynitrite. In response to peroxynitrite challenges, E. coli rapidly sequestered the intracellular free iron using an undefined scavenging system. The iron-sulfur clusters were more gradually repaired by a process that drew iron from its iron-storage proteins. These are likely to be critical events in the struggle between phagocyte and pathogen.
Electroneutrality and phase behavior of colloidal suspensions.

Several statistical mechanical theories predict that colloidal suspensions of highly charged macroions and monovalent microions can exhibit unusual thermodynamic phase behavior when strongly deionized. Density-functional, extended Debye-H\"uckel, and response theories, within mean-field and linearization approximations, predict a spinodal phase instability of charged colloids below a critical salt concentration. Poisson-Boltzmann cell model studies of suspensions in Donnan equilibrium with a salt reservoir demonstrate that effective interactions and osmotic pressures predicted by such theories can be sensitive to the choice of reference system, e.g., whether the microion density profiles are expanded about the average potential of the suspension or about the reservoir potential. By unifying Poisson-Boltzmann and response theories within a common perturbative framework, it is shown here that the choice of reference system is dictated by the constraint of global electroneutrality. On this basis, bulk suspensions are best modeled by density-dependent effective interactions derived from a closed reference system in which the counterions are confined to the same volume as the macroions. Lower-dimensional systems (e.g., monolayers, clusters), depending on the strength of macroion-counterion correlations, may be governed instead by density-independent effective interactions tied to an open reference system with counterions dispersed throughout the reservoir, possibly explaining the observed structural crossover in colloidal monolayers and anomalous metastability of colloidal crystallites.
This Is home, or Is It?: Disrupting Grand Narratives of Home as Physical or Institutional Space:

In this article, as suggest by the subtitle, I try to expose a kind of hidden homelessness. One that is not worse than others but important to bring to light. One where narratives are missing. One that goes against the essentializing of home as a middle-class heterosexual construction while not negating the desire for a home by the ones that have none.This is a textual performance about the idea of linking traditional notions of home with how academic knowledge is constructed about the homeless—by disrupting grand narratives of home as physical or institutional space. It is a decolonizing performance autoethnography exposing homelessness that returns its gaze into the process of knowledge production in the hope that by reflecting on how knowledge is produced, troubling the Western concept of home, we academics may create narratives that help more people feel housed.