cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Riparian Fencing, Grazing, and Trout Habitat Preference on Summit Creek, Idaho

Abstract In 1975, 3.2 km of Summit Creek, Idaho were fenced by the Bureau of Land Management to exclude livestock from the riparian area. Six stream sections were electrofished in 1979 to determine differences in trout abundance, size, and growth between grazed and ungrazed stream sections. Electrofishing stations were paired by habitat type. There were more trout in ungrazed sections than in grazed sections in all three habitat types sampled. With one exception, there were more catachable-sized (200 mm long or longer) rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the ungrazed area than in the grazed area. There was also evidence that the average size of the fish was less in grazed sections. Fish population data were not collected prior to fencing; therefore, it cannot be firmly concluded that the trout population increased within the livestock enclosure as a result of fencing the riparian area. However, the combined results of previous trout habitat improvements documented fo...
Spatiotemporal Mapping Of Fluorescence Paramaters In Single Living Cells The Cell's Detoxification Apparatus

Our studies with quinacrine and benzo(a)pyrene suggest the formation of a multiorganelle detoxification complex (MODC) involving the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, the lysosomes and the nuclear membrane. We have indications that not only is there a trapping of xenobiotics in the cytoplasmic components of the MODC, but there may also be a "nuclear pump" powered by postulated nuclear bioenergetic pathways involved in the ejection of these chemicals from the nucleus. We are using the microspectrofluorometric approach to study the extranuclear/nuclear energy metabolism related to these processes, and we have extended this method to investigate, in situ, within different components of the MODC, the blue/red spectral shifts associated with metabolites of fluorescent xenobiotics. Recording of fluorescence emission spectra, at different excitation wavelengths in L cells, allows the application of multivariate statistical methods to analyze complex (multicomponent spectra). Eluciadation of mechanisms, involved in the organization and activity of the MODC, can result in better targeting of gene modifiers and DNA-intercalating cancer chemotherapeutics towards their expected sites of action.
An efficient formulation and implementation of the analytic energy gradient method to the single and double excitation coupled-cluster wave function - Application to Cl2O2

The analytic energy gradient for the single and double excitation coupled‐cluster (CCSD) wave function has been reformulated and implemented in a new set of programs. The reformulated set of gradient equations have a smaller computational cost than any previously published. The iterative solution of the linear equations and the construction of the effective density matrices are fully vectorized, being based on matrix multiplications. The new method has been used to investigate the Cl2O2 molecule, which has recently been postulated as an important intermediate in the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere. In addition to reporting computational timings, the CCSD equilibrium geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, and relative energetics of three isomers of Cl2O2 are presented. The relative energies of the three isomers are further investigated using large atomic natural orbital basis sets in conjunction with the CCSD(T) method, which includes a perturbational estimate of connected triple excitations. The peroxide form of Cl2O2 is predicted to be the lowest energy isomer with the ClClO2 form lying 5.1±3.5 kcal/mol higher in energy.
Accumulation of adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate in incubated slices from discrete regions of squirrel monkey cerebral cortex: effect of norepinephrine, serotonin and adenosine

THE ROLE of adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the central nervous system is as yet unknown. However, a variety of putative neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, serotonin and histamine have been found to elicit enhanced accumulations of cyclic AMP in cerebral cortical slices from a variety of species (SHIMIZU and DALY, 1972; FORN and KRISHNA, 1971; SHIMIZU, TANAKA, SUZUKI and MATSUKADO, 1971; FUMAGALLI, BERNAREGGI, BERTI and TRABUCCHI, 1971). In addition, depolarization of membranes in cortical slices elicits a marked accumulation of cyclic AMP, probably mediated through the action of adenosine (KAKIUCHI, RALL and MCILWAIN, 1969; SHIMIZU. CREVELING and DALY, 1970). These results, obtained with grey matter from the entire cerebral cortex, suggest an intimate relationship between neuronal activity, release of putative neurotransmitters, and enhanced accumulation of cyclic AMP in brain tissue. Since innervation and electrical activity in the cerebral cortex differs among functionally distinct neocortical areas and in the histologically distinct limbic cortex, it appeared possible that these differences would also be manifest in the regional control of cyclic AMP levels. We now report that the response of the cyclic AMP generating system to putative neurotransmitters and adenosine does differ among discrete functional regions of the squirrel monkey cerebral cortex.
Permeability of gap junctions between embryonic cells of Fundulus: a reevaluation.

Abstract Permeability of electrotonic junctions between isolated and reaggregated Fundulus blastomeres was evaluated with a new fluorescent dye, Lucifer yellow CH. The dye is readily shown to pass between coupled cells. It does not enter from the bathing medium, nor does it move between cells via the enlarged extracellular space sometimes seen between them. Thus, we conclude that passage is via a private pathway, presumably provided by the gap junctions described for this tissue. In contrast to previous findings, fluorescein (as the sodium salt, uranine) also passes between coupled Fundulus cells. Although it can enter from the bathing medium, it may be less concentrated in the space between a cell pair than in the uninjected cell. Again, passage via gap junctions is indicated. Molecular models demonstrate that Lucifer yellow and fluorescein are similar in size. Thus, similarity in ability to permeate junctional membranes is to be expected.
Sub-Seafloor Carbon Dioxide Storage Potential on the Juan de Fuca Plate, Western North America

Abstract The Juan de Fuca plate, off the western coast of North America, has been suggested as a site for geological sequestration of anthropogenic carbon dioxide because of its many attractive characteristics (high permeability, large storage capacity, reactive rock types). Here we model CO2 injection into fractured basalts comprising the upper several hundred meters of the sub-seafloor basalt reservoir, overlain with low-permeability sediments and a thick saline water column, to examine the feasibility of this reservoir for CO2 storage. Our simulations indicate that the sub-seafloor basalts of the Juan de Fuca plate may be an excellent CO2 storage candidate, as multiple trapping mechanisms (hydrodynamic, density inversions, and mineralization) act to keep the CO2 isolated from terrestrial environments. Questions remain about the lateral extent and connectivity of the high permeability basalts; however, the lack of wells or boreholes and thick sediment cover maximize storage potential while minimizing potential leakage pathways. Although promising, more study is needed to determine the economic and sociological viability of this option.
Theoretical studies of diiron(II) complexes that model features of the dioxygen-activating centers in non-heme diiron enzymes

We have applied high-level Density Functional Theory to investigate the properties of recently characterized carboxylate-bridged diiron(II) complexes supported by 2,6-di(p-tolyl)benzoate (Ar T o l CO 2 -) ligands. These compounds, prepared as synthetic models for the reduced non-heme diiron centers in the enzymes MMO, RNR-R2, and A9D, reproduce the composition of the first coordination sphere ligands as well as the core geometry. The experimentally observed flexibility of the diiron cores in the model compounds, a main design target, was confirmed computationally. Details of a possible interconversion mechanism that transforms quadruply and doubly carboxylate-bridged isomers of [Fe 2 (Ar T o l CO 2 ) 4 L 2 ], L = pyridine or related ligand, were examined. The orientation of the pyridine ligands plays a major role and promotes an initial carboxylate shift of the bridging carboxylate ligand that is orthogonal to the pyridine ring plane. Alternative mechanisms were explored and evaluated. Structural features of the strongly coupled diiron centers could only be reproduced reliably by using the experimentally determined antiferromagnetic spin-coupling properties of the high-spin d 6 iron(II) centers. Use of the ferromagnetic-coupling scheme gave rise to a poor correlation of the computed structure with the experiment. The broken-symmetry orbitals required to describe the antiferromagnetic coupling are compared to the MOs as classical symmetry-adapted linear combinations of atomic orbitals that form the basis for the magnetic coupling scheme. The molecular orbitals responsible for the dependence of the structural results on spin coupling were identified and used to evolve an intuitive explanation for the structural differences observed.
SUMMARY OF THE SECOND WORKSHOP ON MEASURES OF COMPLEXITY AND CHAOS

We summarize the presentations made at the Second Workshop on Measures of Complexity and Chaos, held on the campus of Bryn Mawr College during August 13–15, 1992.
Evolving Dark Energy with w -1

Theories of evolving quintessence are constructed that generically lead to deviations from the w = -1 prediction of non-evolving dark energy. The small mass scale that governs evolution, m_\phi \approx 10^-33 eV, is radiatively stable, and the"Why Now?'' problem is solved. These results rest crucially on seesaw cosmology: in broad outline, fundamental physics and cosmology can be understood from only two mass scales, the weak scale, v, and the Planck scale, M. Requiring a scale of dark energy \rho_DE^1/4 governed by v^2/M, and a radiatively stable evolution rate m_\phi given by v^4/M^3, leads to a distinctive form for the equation of state w(z) that follows from a cosine quintessence potential. An explicit hidden axion model is constructed. Dark energy resides in the potential of the axion field which is generated by a new QCD-like force that gets strong at the scale \Lambda \approx v^2/M \approx \rho_DE^1/4. The evolution rate is given by a second seesaw that leads to the axion mass, m_\phi \approx \Lambda^2/f, with f \approx M.
Exploring the Creation of Picasso's Guernica: Composition Studies, Chance, Metaphors, and Expertise

Simonton (2007) offered evidence for his Darwinian theory of creativity—blind nonmonotonic variation and selection—based on ratings of Picasso's preliminary sketches of the components for Guernica. This comment reexamines the sketches, adding two major sources of information: (a) consideration of the changing conceptions of the composition, as well as the components, and (b) inclusion of sketches from Picasso's first vision for his mural, the Studio sketches. Such analysis supports the notion of nonmonotonic variation including backtracking. It also suggests that the final mural, although radically different in its components from the Studio sketches, drew on the composition and theme of that initial vision for the mural, but in a completely reimagined form when a chance event pulled Picasso's thinking in a new direction. This comment also describes how Picasso drew on his expertise throughout his explorations, that lack of knowledge of outcome does not diminish the role of expertise in the artist at work...
Inviting “Kate's” Authenticity: Relational Cultural Theory Applied in Work with a Transsexual Sex Worker of Color Using the Competencies for Counseling with Transgender Clients

This practice-based article presents our work with Kate, a transsexual woman of color, sex worker, and child abuse and hate crime survivor who, despite initial mistrust, sought counseling for an assessment of readiness to begin hormone therapy. In our counseling journey with Kate, we employed the American Counseling Association's (ACA) Competencies for Counseling with Transgender Clients through relational-cultural theory (RCT), a feminist model of social justice in human development. We navigated RCT's core tenets of connections and disconnections throughout the counseling journey, allowing us to overcome obstacles of Kate's mistrust of the counseling relationship that were due to perceived barriers in seeking a gender identity disorder diagnostic assessment. Our practice of RCT demonstrates a growth-fostering relationship that supported and empowered Kate within the context of the diagnostic assessment.
Murine model of femoral artery wire injury with implantation of a perivascular drug delivery patch

Percutaneous interventions including balloon angioplasty and stenting have been used to restore blood flow in vessels with occlusive vascular disease. While these therapies lead to the rapid restoration of blood flow, these technologies remain limited by restenosis in the case of bare metal stents and angioplasty, or reduced healing and possibly enhanced risk of thrombosis in the case of drug eluting stents. A key pathophysiological mechanism in the formation of restenosis is intimal hyperplasia caused by the activation of vascular smooth muscle cells and inflammation due to arterial stretch and injury. Surgeries that induce arterial injury in genetically modified mice are useful for the mechanistic study of the vascular response to injury but are often technically challenging to perform in mouse models due to the their small size and lack of appropriate sized devices. We describe two approaches for a surgical technique that induces endothelial denudation and arterial stretch in the femoral artery of mice to produce robust neointimal hyperplasia. The first approach creates an arteriotomy in the muscular branch of the femoral artery to obtain vascular access. Following wire injury this arterial branch is ligated to close the arteriotomy. A second approach creates an arteriotomy in the main femoral artery that is later closed through localized cautery. This method allows for vascular access through a larger vessel and, consequently, provides a less technically demanding procedure that can be used in smaller mice. Following either method of arterial injury, a degradable drug delivery patch can be placed over or around the injured artery to deliver therapeutic agents.
Media, Gender, and Fear of Crime:

Few studies have examined how the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity may manifest differences in the effects of crime-related media on fear of crime. This study examines the relationships be...
Patterns of Political Party Behavior in South Vietnam

Following the initialing of the Treaty of Hue in 1884 ceding Tonkin and Annam to France as “protectorates”, the Vietnamese Emperor Ham Nghi led a nationalist imperial party against consummation of the colonialists gains. This Nguyen imperial party, a regional guerrilla and terrorist faction based only in the north central section of the nation and operating from highland fiefs, relied upon violence, the personality of its leader, the mystic of his cause and the mystic of nationalism. This combative “party,” while hardly a party in the strictest sense of the term and perhaps not even a movement in the strictest sense of that term, was defeated with the capture of its leader in 1888. Yet this party has continued to serve in miniature as the model for subsequent political party activities in Vietnam. Nearly all of the numerous Vietnamese parties have more or less emulated the patterns of behavior of the first anti-colonial party and few in South Vietnam have gone much beyond modifying the tactics of that vanguard group.
Cobalt valence and crystal structure of La0.5Sr0.5CoO2.25

Abstract Oxygen vacancies play a key role in determining the functionality and performance of many oxide smart materials. In this paper, the crystal structure of an anion-deficient perovskite-type ...
Kinematic workspace analyses of a miniature walking robot

A team of interdisciplinary researchers are involved in the development of a miniature biped robot that can traverse flat inclined surfaces such as walls and ceilings (R.L. Tummala et al., 1999). Unlike conventional biped robots, only limited degrees-of-freedom are available in the design. Thus the kinematics and workspace analyses become important for motion planning and control. The paper briefly discusses the mechanical structure and drive mechanism of the miniature robot. The kinematic model of the robot is then developed, and its workspace is analyzed in detail. Simulation results of the robot motion are also presented.
Helix‐coiled transition in heteropolymers. I. Ground‐state energy

A new technique is presented for treating the ground state of an heteropolymer with a random sequence of components. An exact system of equations is found for determining the ground state energy E which is equal to the polymer free energy f in the lowest-order approximation in T/V (V/2 is the large “surface” energy arising at the boundaries between coiled and “helical” sections: V ≫ T, Uk; U1 and –U2 are the free energies of the components counted from the corresponding coiled state energies). These equations are essentially simplified at certain fixed values of the ratio U1/U2. For integer values of U2/U1 and U1/U2 a solution is obtained with an accuracy exp(–V/Uk). The ground-state energy as a function of U1 and U2 is shown to be highly irregular: its derivatives have jumps at an infinite number of points. These jumps provide a fine structure of the melting curves. A smoothed over the jumps function E′ is found by way of analytic continuation from the integer values of U1/U2 and U2/U1. The accuracy of the approximation f ≈ E is estimated and the correctional term of order T/V is determined.
Nomenclatural Corrections in Onagraceae

In this paper, we provide corrections to a recent synoptical revision of the family Onagraceae (Wagner et al., 2007). The first valid publication of subfamily Onagroideae was in 1834 by Eaton, and not in 2007 by Wagner et al. We correct the authorship and place of publication of Camissonia contorta (Douglas) P. H. Raven, Chylismia scapoidea (Torrey & A. Gray) Nuttall ex Raimann, and Camissonia chamaenerioides (A. Gray) P. H. Raven. We correct the authorship and typification of Oenothera suffulta (Engelmann ex A. Gray) W. L. Wagner & Hoch, as well as the typification of Chylismia claviformis subsp. lancifolia (A. Heller) W. L. Wagner & Hoch. Our new genus Holmgrenia W. L. Wagner & Hoch is a later homonym of a name validly published by S. O. Lindberg in 1863. We propose the replacement name of Neoholmgrenia W. L. Wagner & Hoch to correct this problem, and make the two species-level combinations, N. andina (Nuttall) W. L. Wagner & Hoch, and N. hilgardii (Greene) W. L. Wagner & Hoch.
Toward Quality Research in Counseling Psychology Curricular Recommendations for Design and Analysis

The purpose of this article is to propose competencies that are necessary to conduct research in counseling psychology and to propose curricular modifications that will aid the acquisition of those competencies. To understand better the present status of research training in counseling psychology, programs approved by the American Psychological Association were surveyed to assess the research design and analysis curriculum of those programs, research articles in the Journal of Counseling Psychology were examined to determine the types of analyses commonly used, and the literature discussing research training in counseling psychology was reviewed. Generally, it was found that many students are not well trained in procedures that are commonly used in counseling psychology research and that the present level of training attenuates the quality of research in counseling psychology. To obtain the research competencies necessary to conduct quality research, a curriculum containing didactic and experiential compo...
High-speed CMOS image sensor circuits with in situ frame storage

Two CMOS image sensor circuit prototypes equipped with in situ frame storage have been fabricated and tested. Capable of 4-400 M-frames/s and between 66 and 79 dB rms dynamic range, these developments are intended for the capture of fast, brief, transient events with high resolution. Applications include accelerator-based flash radiography such as proton radiography. The first is a small two-dimensional (2-D) prototype in which each pixel includes either a capacitive trans-impedance amplifier or a direct-integration source-follower front end, followed by an array of 64 frame storage sample capacitors and associated readout electronics. The acquisition of either 32 frames using correlated double sampling (CDS) at 4 M-frames/s, or 64 frames without CDS at up to 10.5 M-frames/s (-3 dB), and up to 13 b dynamic range was achieved. The second is a monolithic solid state "streak camera", a 1-D linear array of 150 photodiodes, with a 150-frame analog storage array. This device reached 400-M-frames/s operation with electrical test inputs, at least 100-M-frames/s operation with optical inputs, and achieves over 11 b of dynamic range. These circuits demonstrate the high performance possible with CMOS sensor circuits containing in situ frame storage.
Use of 2, 3-Butanedione Monoxime for Homogeneous Precipitation of Nickel (II)

Abstract The solid monoxime of 2, 3-butanedione is a more convenient material than liquid dione for the homogenous generation of DMG. 2, 3-butanedione dioxime. Determinations of Ni in steels and in pure Ni(II) solutions have shown the optimum pH and order of adding reagents. Gravimetric and/or an EDTA titrimetric finish are possible for a method of reliability within ± 0.2 mg of Ni in 50–150 mg Ni. The solid has the same character and filterability as that from the 1960 dione method of Salesin and Gordon1.
Potential hazard to eastern screech‐owls and other raptors of brodifacoum bait used for vole control in orchards

During the fall and winter of 1981–82, a study was conducted to evaluate the secondary poisoning hazards associated with a proposed anticoagulant rodenticide, Volid® (10 ppm brodifacoum), when used to control voles (Microtus spp.) in apple orchards. Radio transmitters were attached to 38 eastern screech-owls (Otus asio), 5 barred owls (Strix varia), 3 red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), 2 great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) and 2 long-eared owls (Asio otus), and the birds' movements were monitored before, during, and after rodenticide applications. Screech-owls selected woods over alternate habitats for day-roosting; 73% of daytime locations were in woods. At night, screech-owls generally were located in woods, orchard, and field-pasture proportional to their availability, while they avoided cropland. The home ranges of 32 screech-owls tracked posttreatment included brodifacoum-treated areas; the proportion of home range treated and habitat use varied among individuals. Minimum mortality was 58% among screech-owls for which more than 20% of home range was treated, as compared with 17% among those for which less than 10% of home range was treated. Secondary brodifacoum poisoning was the most probable cause of death in six screech-owls. Of five other screech-owls found dead posttreatment, four had been consumed by predators and one died of unknown causes. Of six radio-equipped screech-owls collected one to two months posttreatment, four contained detectable brodifacoum residue. The fate of 14 of the 32 screech-owls tracked posttreatment was unknown at the conclusion of radiotracking efforts (63 d after treatment began) because radio contact was lost or the transmitter was dropped; one of these owls was encountered alive in May. Four barred owls tracked posttreatment showed strong selection for woodland habitat and used orchards limitedly; none was found dead posttreatment. One long-eared owl found dead (not radio-equipped) was probably killed by secondary brodifacoum poisoning. The results indicate a hazard to screech-owls and a potential risk to other raptors, given this use pattern and formulation of brodifacoum bait.
Vacuum ultraviolet laser induced fluorescence on a Si atimic beam

A broadly applicable vacuum ultraviolet experiment is described for measuring radiative lifetimes of neutral and singly-ionized atoms in a beam environment to 5-percent accuracy using laser induced fluorescence. First results for neutral Si are reported.
Cyclophilin A Is Secreted by a Vesicular Pathway in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in part by promoting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth. Previously we demonstrated that cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a secreted oxidative stress-induced factor (SOXF) that promotes inflammation, VSMC growth, and endothelial cell apoptosis. However, the mechanisms that regulate CyPA secretion are unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that ROS-induced CyPA secretion from VSMC requires a highly regulated process of vesicle transport, docking, and fusion at the plasma membrane. Conditioned medium and plasma membrane sheets were prepared by exposing VSMC to 1 μmol/L LY83583, which generates intracellular superoxide. A vesicular transport mechanism was confirmed by colocalization at the plasma membrane with vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP). CyPA transport to the plasma membrane and secretion were significantly increased by LY83583. Reduction of VAMP-2 expression by small interfering RNA inhibited LY83583-induced CyPA secretion. Pretreatment with 3 μmol/L cytochalasin D, an actin depolymerizing agent, abrogated CyPA secretion. Infection with dominant-negative RhoA and Cdc42 adenovirus inhibited CyPA secretion by 72% and 63%, respectively, whereas dominant-negative Rac1 had a small effect (11%). Pretreatment with the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 (3 to 30 μmol/L) and myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin (1 to 10 μmol/L) inhibited CyPA secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Simvastatin (3 to 30 μmol/L) also dose-dependently inhibited LY83583-induced CyPA secretion likely via decreased isoprenylation of small GTPases. Our findings define a novel VSMC vesicular secretory pathway for CyPA that involves actin remodeling and myosin II activation via RhoA-, Cdc42-, and Rho kinase-dependent signaling events.
Routing optimization of multi-modal interconnects in 3D ICs

With the rapid advance of enabling technologies, the era of 3D ICs is near. Yet, there are several practical problems to be solved for 3D ICs. Especially, heat removal and power delivery have become two major reliability concerns in 3D stacked IC technology. Recently, liquid cooling based on micro-fluidic channels is proposed as a viable solution to dramatically reduce the temperature of 3D ICs. In addition, a highly complex power distribution network is required to deliver currents to all parts of the 3D IC stack while suppressing power noise to an acceptable level. These technologies pose major challenges to signal routing. With a given amount of silicon area, signal, power, and thermal interconnects compete against one another for routing space. This paper presents an optimization study on signal, power, and thermal networks in 3D ICs. We demonstrate how to optimize various design parameters by adopting design of experiments and response surface method.
Nested Decomposition and Multi-Stage Linear Programs

A multi-stage linear program is defined with linking variables that connect consecutive stages. Optimality conditions for the composite problem are partitioned into local and linking conditions. When the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition scheme is applied with the first stage as the master, the subproblem is also a MLP with one' less stage. The same decomposition is then applied to the subproblem, giving rise to a nested decomposition scheme, in which each stage acts as a master for the following stage and a subproblem for the preceding. Optimizing a single stage problem results in satisfying the “local” optimality conditions. A very general rule is given for selecting the next subproblem to optimize, and finite convergence to a solution satisfying all linking conditions is demonstrated. Procedures for extracting the optimal primal solution at the end of the main algorithm and for initialization are given. Particular rules for selecting the next subproblem and for generating additional proposal vectors are discussed. Finally, it is shown how a variety of problems may be restructured as multi-stage linear programs to which this algorithm may be applied, and some computational experience is reported.
Looking behind closed doors.

In giving some professional advice to a neighbor, I commented: “You are 64 years old and obviously have good teeth. Do you use toothpicks regularly?” “No, I’ve never used toothpicks. I sure do have good teeth. The dentist that you recommended made them for me—I lost my teeth when I was about 40, because they were so loose I could wiggle them with my tongue.”
Population assessment and management strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes

Abstract Nematodes exhibit aggregative tendencies mediated by food distribution, feeding and reproductive behavior, and survival strategies. Determination of dispersion indices based on population mean and variance allows estimation of the sampling intensity required for prescribed population assessment precision. Critical point models of expected yield loss relative to pre-plant population density allow management decisions on a single season basis. Selection of optimal cropping sequence across several seasons requires further information on the expected multiplication rate of the population on a crop, and the overwinter survivorship of the population. Three critical point models then formulate the basis for a linear programming approach to cropping sequence selection, while allowing flexibility of management through biological and economic monitoring annually.
Understanding the limits of H2S degrading biotrickling filters using a differential biotrickling filter

The removal of H2S in high performance biotrickling filters was investigated using a differential biotrickling filter. The differential biotrickling filter was designed to reach high gas velocities through a minature packed bed, in this case a single 4-cm open-pore polyurethane foam cube. External mass transfer was limiting below air velocities of 3000–4000 m h −1 , with possible other parameters such as biological kinetics or diffusion-controlled performance above 4000 m h −1 . The effect of the liquid trickling rate on H 2S elimination was found to be nil at low gas velocity, and significant at high gas velocity, consistent with speculations on the wetting of the packing and the rate-limiting step at the conditions of the experiments. The effect of additions of various species of sulfur on H 2S treatment was investigated. Sulfide negatively affected H2S removal, while sulfate and sulfite had no effect. Interestingly, traces of thiosulfate resulted in improved H 2S removal rates. Cell activity assessed by oxygen-uptake rate determinations was the greatest at near neutral pH. Finally, biokinetic parameters for H 2S elimination obtained in the differential biotrickling filter and in a batch suspended culture were compared. The rates in the differential biotrickling filter were much higher, indicating that the batch reactor was subject to mass transfer limitation, and illustrating that the biokinetic parameters determined in shake flask systems may not necessarily apply in biotrickling filters. Overall, the study highlights that a differential biotrickling filter is a useful tool for investigating the performance and limits of H 2S biotrickling filtration, and that detailed studies help in understanding the mechanisms of pollutant removal in biotrickling filters. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ultrastructural analysis of amyloidoma.

Amyloidomas are localized mass-forming deposits of amyloid that occur with or without association with systemic amyloidosis. The ultrastructural findings in 3 amyloidomas from 2 autopsy patients with primary systemic AL amyloidosis are described. By transmission electron microscopy, there were randomly oriented nonbranching fibrils showing some unusual curvilinear forms and considerable variability in fibril diameter (two subsets of fibrils, one 12–14 nm and another 28–30 nm in diameter). The larger fibrils showed features of microtubule formation. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated complex 3-dimensional tangles of fibrils. These findings add to the current ultrastructural and morphologic spectrum of paraprotein deposition disease.
Hot flashes: behavioral treatments, mechanisms, and relation to sleep.

Hot flashes are the most common symptom of the climacteric and occur in about 75% of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in Western societies. Although hot flashes accompany the withdrawal of estrogen at menopause, the decline in estrogen levels is not sufficient to explain their occurrence. Elevated sympathetic activation acting through central α2-adrenergic receptors contributes to the initiation of hot flashes, possibly by narrowing the thermoneutral zone in symptomatic women. Hot flashes are then triggered by small elevations in core body temperature acting within this narrowed zone. A relaxation-based method, paced respiration, has been shown in 3 controlled investigations to significantly reduce objectively measured hot flash occurrence by about 50% with no adverse effects. In 6 studies of physical exercise, however, investigators did not find positive effects on hot flashes, possibly because exercise raises core body temperature, thereby triggering hot flashes. Although many epidemiologic studies have found increased reports of sleep disturbance during the menopausal transition, recent laboratory investigations have not found this effect, nor have they found that hot flashes produce disturbed sleep. Therefore, sleep complaints in women at midlife should not routinely be attributed to hot flashes or to menopause.
Crimes of Opportunity or Crimes of Emotion? Testing Two Explanations of Seasonal Change in Crime

While past research has suggested possible seasonal trends in crime rates, this study employs a novel methodology that directly models these changes and predicts them with explanatory variables. Using a nonlinear latent curve model, seasonal fluctuations in crime rates are modeled for a large number of communities in the U.S. over a three-year period with a focus on testing the theoretical predictions of two key explanations for seasonal changes in crime rates: the temperature/aggression and routine activities theories. Using data from 8,460 police units in the U.S. over the 1990 to 1992 period, we found that property crime rates are primarily driven by pleasant weather, consistent with the routine activities theory. Violent crime exhibited evidence in support of both theories.
KAPSEL-programming within boundaries

KAPSEL is a new object-oriented programming language to encourage the building of reusable software components. The components, i.e. classes, establish clear boundaries between their implementation detail and their outside-visible specification. The underlying software concept employed is that of encapsulation: the close integration and protection of information and its functionality. The paper explores the basic idea of encapsulation in object-oriented methodology: as it applies to objects, classes and class hierarchies, and introduces the programming language-KAPSEL-which facilitates the specification of reusable object-oriented software components.
Psychiatric Disorders Are Not Natural Kinds

I critique the essentialistic notion that psychiatric disorders should be conceptualized as natural kinds, that is, exhaustively defined with reference to inherent properties. Biomedical model thinkers believe that psychiatric natural kinds can best be isolated by studying underlying biopathological processes, while research-oriented clinical psychologists think they can be identified statistically. Both groups assume that if a category can't be conceptualized as a natural kind, it is an arbitrary category. I argue that conceptualizing psychiatric disorders as bounded entities in nature is inconsistent both with medicine's understanding of disease and evolutionary biology's understanding of species. In contrast to natural kinds, I introduce the concept of practical kinds, which are stable patterns that can be identified with varying levels of reliability and validity. I claim that thinking anti-essentialistically and conceptualizing psychiatric disorders as practical kinds is more consistent with a scientific view of the world.
Modeling competition between wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and yellow mustard or canola

Abstract Wild oat, a troublesome weed in cereals, infests about 11 million hectares of cropland in the United States. Diversifying cereal production with alternative crops, such as yellow mustard and canola, can provide flexibility in cropping systems, decrease production risks, and allow for effective weed suppression. The objective of the study was to quantify the competitive ability of yellow mustard and canola relative to wild oat in addition series field experiments, which were conducted in 1999 and 2000 near Genesee, ID. Biomass and seed production of wild oat were reduced 67 and 80%, respectively, in mixtures with yellow mustard, which was three to four times greater than the reduction in corresponding mixtures with canola. In addition, yellow mustard reduced the biomass and seed production of wild oat equally regardless of wild oat density. In contrast, the competitive effect of canola on wild oat biomass decreased 5 to 10 times when wild oat density increased from 100 to 200 plants m−2. Yellow mu...
Structure and intractability of optimal multi-robot path planning on graphs

In this paper, we study the structure and computational complexity of optimal multi-robot path planning problems on graphs. Our results encompass three formulations of the discrete multi-robot path planning problem, including a variant that allows synchronous rotations of robots along fully occupied, disjoint cycles on the graph. Allowing rotation of robots provides a more natural model for multi-robot path planning because robots can communicate. Our optimality objectives are to minimize the total arrival time, the makespan (last arrival time), and the total distance. On the structure side, we show that, in general, these objectives demonstrate a pairwise Pareto optimal structure and cannot be simultaneously optimized. On the computational complexity side, we extend previous work and show that, regardless of the underlying multi-robot path planning problem, these objectives are all intractable to compute. In particular, our NP-hardness proof for the time optimal versions, based on a minimal and direct reduction from the 3-satisfiability problem, shows that these problems remain NP-hard even when there are only two groups of robots (i.e. robots within each group are interchangeable).
pH-Mediated Catch and Release of Charged Molecules with Porous Hollow Nanocapsules

Here, we show that the charge of the nanopores in the nanometer-thin shells of hollow porous nanocapsules can regulate the transport of charged molecules. By changing the pH of external aqueous solution, we can entrap charged molecules in nanocapsules and trigger the release of encapsulated content.
Comparison of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. thuringiensis and Chemical Insecticides for Control of the Alfalfa Caterpillar

Commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. thuringiensis and chemical insecticides were applied on alfalfa to control the alfalfa caterpillar, Colias eurytheme Boisduval. Application problems were encountered where ground equipment was used because certain microbial preparations clogged the nozzles. In high concentrate-low volume sprays the wettable powder pathogenic materials are more suitably applied by aircraft where each nozzle orifice is large and the spray droplets are further broken by rapidly moving air currents. When applied at the rate of 6 ounces in 10 gallons of water per acre the wettable powder bacillus products gave satisfactory results that were comparable to 2-ounce Phosdrin® (a mixture of the alpha isomer of 2-carbolllethoxy-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate (not less less than 60%) and related compounds (not more than 40%)) and 5-ounce Dylox® ( O,O -dimethyl 2,2,2-triebloro-1-hydroxyethyl phosphonate) treatments. There was rapid mortality of late-instar larvae, which are the most injurious to alfalfa, and subsequently, early instars were unable to continue development.
Life and the Literary in Blaise Cendrars' L'OISEAU BLEU

After the poems of voyage and initiation of Du monde entier (published in 1919, but written between 1912 and 1914), most of Blaise Cendrars' poetic production took a turn toward a deliberately pros...
CA6-03: Reduced Risk of Incident Microvascular and Macrovascular Events Under Diabetes Bundle Management

Background/Aims Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common condition associated with increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications.
The Antigenic Relationship between Horse Antibodies and the Proteins of Normal Horse Serum

The fact that antibodies have specificities as antigens as well as specificities as antibodies has been recognized for many years. Bordet1 used the term "specificity of origin" to designate this antigenic specificity of antibodies. The results of his experiments show clearly that the antigenic specificity of antibody is the same as the specificity of a substance present in normal serum of the animal. Thus the lysis of sensitized red blood cells by complement was prevented if the sensitized cells were first
Alternative Breaks as a Context for Informal Interactions with Diversity.

One of the most frequently touted benefits of higher education is the opportunity to interact with people different from oneself, yet these interactions do not automatically lead to positive outcomes. The purpose of this study is to explore how one particular context for diversity interactions, service-based alternative break programs, may provide the necessary balance of challenge and support for students to learn from diversity.
Micturition Patterns After Spinal Trauma As A Measure Of Autonomic Functional Recovery

The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether experimental spinal trauma would result in urological dysfunction similar to that seen clinically and whether recovery of normal micturition can be correlated with motor functional recovery. A standard rat model of spinal impact trauma was employed. Neurologic evaluation included a modified 7 point hindlimb Tarlov scale applied weekly for 4 weeks after injury. Micturition measurement was accomplished by placing the animal in a metabolic cage for 24-hour periods and collecting urine on an electronic scale connected to Lotus Measure data acquisition software. All assessments were performed in a blinded fashion. Animals were categorized as normal control (N = 10), sham injured (N = 11), spinal cord injury (SCI) without (N = 11) and with locomotor recovery (N = 11). There were no differences in total micturition volume among the 4 groups, while the number of micturitions per 24 hours was significantly less for SCI without locomotor recovery (10.4 +/- 5.9) than for control (21.3 +/- 4.5). The volume per micturition was significantly greater for SCI (2.0 +/- 0.7 ml.) than for control (0.8 +/- 0.2 ml.). There were no differences among groups in the ratio of number of micturitions night/day. The SCI group had significantly greater largest and smallest micturitional volumes. Results clearly show alterations in micturition patterns induced by SCI. These were proportional to, but did not correlate fully with, the severity of injury and degree of motor recovery. Thus, recovery of a normal micturition pattern did not occur to the same extent as did motor functional recovery. This difference underscores the potential value of autonomic measures of SCI for distinguishing outcome categories after experimental SCI.
What is the role of biomarker measurement after cardiac surgery

Abstract Measurements of cardiac troponin (cTn) and natriuretic peptides can predict outcomes after cardiac surgery and may thus assist in decision making about diagnostic and therapeutic steps in this setting. Not every cardiac surgical procedure is associated with the same degree of cTn or natriuretic peptide elevation; the factors known to affect concentrations of these markers include the severity of preoperative coronary artery disease as well as presenting syndrome, while forms of cardioprotection and anesthesia may affect postoperative concentrations of biomarkers. Release of cTn appears to represent irreversibly damaged myocardium; however, clinicians are cautioned when measuring cTn in post-cardiac surgery venues not to assume an elevated concentration is equivalent to regional acute myocardial infarction; indeed, more often than not, excessive values of cTnT or cTnI more typically represent diffuse myocardial injury. Natriuretic peptide release may occur through both states of irreversible dysfunction as well as more reversible states, such as postoperative shock. Indeed, both cTn and natriuretic peptides are unequivocally prognostic for delayed recovery, intensive care unit utilization, as well as short- and longer-term mortalities following cardiac surgery.
Bone and joint surgery: rheumatoid arthritis--retrospective and contemporary techniques.

The surgical goals of joint reconstruction in rheumatoid patients are to relieve pain, improve range of motion, forestall further deformity, and improve the cosmetic appearance of the hand. In this article, proven surgical procedures such as synovectomy, arthrodesis, and implant arthroplasties are discussed with special emphasis on technique and outcome.
Rapidly detect and distinguish between norovirus G I and G II type with a pair of primers

Objective The purpose of this study was to develop RT- PCR assay for Rapidly detect and distinguish between Norovirus genogroup I and genogroup Ⅱ with a pair of primers. Methods A pairs of primers specific to capsid prote in ORF2 gene of G I and G Ⅱ Norovirus were dsigned according to the published complete genome sequence, with which the RNA of Norovirus was extracted and RT-PCR amplification. The sensitivity, specificity of the RT- PCR assay was estimated and apply it to the detection of Norovirus in clinical specimens. Results The results showed that the assay possessed high specificity for Norovirus detection and without any evident cross-reaction with other viruses, including rotavirus, enteric adenovirus and hepatitis A virus. The detection limit of RT-PCR assay for Norovirus G I and G Ⅱwere up to 100 pg/ml and 10 pg/ml respectively. Conclusion The RT- PCR assay provide rapid and sensitive detection of Norovirus G I and G Ⅱ and should prove to be useful for Norovirus diagnosis in the outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. Key words: Norovirus; Reverse transcriptase polymcrase chain reaction; Specificity and sensitivity
Positive Self-Perceptions of Aging and Lower Rate of Overnight Hospitalization in the US Population Over Age 50

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aging of the baby boomer generation has led to an unprecedented rise in the number of US adults reaching old age, prompting an urgent call for innovative and cost-effective ways to address the increasing health care needs of the aging population. Studying the role of psychosocia
Inheritance and Frequency of a Null Allele for Diaphorase Activity in North American Oat Cultivars

Seventy North American oat cultivars were examined for allozymic variation for the diaphorase enzyme. Six distinct zones of diaphorase activity were found in the majority of cultivars using starch gel electrophoresis of crude seedling extracts