cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meprobamate in the management of enuresis

Summary One hundred enuretic children, aged 5 to 14 years, were placed after evaluation in two groups, one receiving meprobamate, the other a placebo, both receiving supportive and suggestive management over a 3-month period. There was no statistically significant differencein improvement between the drug and the placebo groups, but the total treatment plan effected cure or great improvement in 45 per cent of the children. Improvement was greater the younger the child.
An investigation of collateral projections of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and other subcortical structures to cortical areas V1 and V4 in the macaque monkey: a double label retrograde tracer study.

Previous anterograde studies in the macaque monkey have shown that, in addition to the projection to striate cortex (V1), the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLG) has a sparse, horizontally segregated projection to layers IV and V of prestriate cortex (V4). However, the distribution and degree of axon collateralization of DLG cells which give rise to these projections are unknown. This study was designed to answer these questions. The DLG (along with the pulvinar and other subcortical regions) was examined for the presence of single- or doublelabeled cells after injections of two different (fluorescent or HRP) retrograde tracers into corresponding retinotopic points in visual cortical areas V1 and V4. In the DLG, it was found that cells projecting to V4, which reside in or near the tectorecipient interlaminar zones of the DLG, do not project to V1 and thus represent a separate population of cells. The organization of the macaque geniculo-prestriate projection thus seems quite different from that of carnivores. Both single- and double-labeled cells were found in other subcortical areas, e.g., single-labeled cells were found in the claustrum, hypothalamus and lateral pulvinar, and a double-labeled cell population was found in the inferior pulvinar.
Alcohol drinking induced in the monkey by Tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) infused into the cerebral ventricle

Abstract In the female macaque monkey acclimated to a primate cchair, Collision cannulae were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally in the lateral cerebral ventricle. The voluntary self-selection of ethyl alcohol versus water was determined repeatedly during a series of 12-day test sequences in which the concentration of the alcohol solution offered to the primate was increased systematically over 12 successive days from 3% to 30%. Following control preference sequences, the dopamine-dopaldehyde condensation product, tetrahydropapaveroline (THP), was infused daily in each monkey's cerebral ventricle (ICV) in a volume of 200–400 μl. THP was dissolved in an artificial CSF, with pH adjusted to3.8 with 0.1 mg/ml ascorbate, and infused in one of ten doses varying from 0.125–400 μg. Each monkey was administered one low and one high dose of the condensation productt throughout each of two successive alcohol preference tests. When THP was infused in doses of less than 2.0 μg, the monkeys' alcohol preference failed to change. However, a marked increase in alcohol intake, in terms of both g/kg/day as well as the proportion of alcohol to water selected, was produced by THP infused ICV in doses of 5.0 to 20.0 μg. Although average intakes in the latter animals were between 4.0 and 5.0 g/kg/day, the monkeys selected certain concentrations of alcohol in amounts of up to 7.0 g/kg/day. The two highest doses of THP, 40.0 and 400.0 μg, inhibited the self-selection of alcohol even when presented in low, non-aversive concentrations in the 3% to 6% range. Overall, these results with the primate corroborate earlier findings in the rat of abnnormal alcohol intake produced by centrally infused THP. They further support the theory that amine-aldehyde metabolites, if present in certain concentrations in the brain, may constitute a causal neurochemical factor in the addictive or otherwise immoderate drinking of alcohol.
Gender Differences in Young Residential Treatment Children

SUMMARY Continued explication of gender differences is an important area of investigation in order to further understanding of the developmental and treatment aspects of severe and early onset problem behavior. An emerging body of residential and juvenile justice treatment literature has identified several key gender differences, including higher rates of psychiatric symptomatology and comorbidity among females versus their male counterparts. This study investigated gender differences in a sample of 306 predominately preadolescent residential treatment youth consecutively admitted to a single treatment agency over an eight-year period of time. Females evidenced higher rates of psychiatric symptomatology, even after controlling for a history of sexual abuse. An in-depth chart review analysis of a subset of 47 sexually abused youngsters revealed remarkably similar individual and family risk factor profiles for males and females. Gender may moderate the impact of maltreatment and social adversity differently...
MMTV mouse models and the diagnostic values of MMTV-like sequences in human breast cancer

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven transgenic mice are excellent models for breast cancer as they allow for the targeted expression of various oncogenes and growth factors in neoplastic transformation of mammary glands. Numerous MMTV-LTR-driven transgenic mouse models of breast cancer have been created in the past three decades, including MMTV-neu/ErbB2, cyclin D1, cyclin E, Ras, Myc, int-1 and c-rel. These transgenic mice develop mammary tumors with different latency, histology and invasiveness, reflecting the oncogenic pathways activated by the transgene. Recently, homologous sequences of the env gene of MMTV have been identified in approximately 40% of human breast cancers, but not in normal breast or other types of cancers, suggesting possible involvement of mammary tumor virus in human breast carcinogenesis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the association of MMTV provirus with progesterone receptor, p53 mutations and advanced-stage breast cancer. Thus, the detection of MMTV-like sequences may have diagnostic value to predict the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients.
Using artificial neural networks to predict the fatigue life of carbon and low-alloy steels

Abstract The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code contains rules for the construction of nuclear power plant components. Figures I-9.1 through I-9.6 of Appendix I to Section III of the Code specify fatigue design curves for structural materials. However, the effects of light water reactor (LWR) coolant environments are not explicitly addressed by the Code design curves. Recent test data indicate significant decreases in the fatigue lives of carbon and low-alloy steels in LWR environments when five conditions are satisfied simultaneously. When applied strain range, temperature, dissolved oxygen in the water, and sulfur content of the steel are above a minimum threshold level, and the loading strain rate is below a threshold value, environmentally assisted fatigue occurs. For this study, a data base of 1036 fatigue tests was used to train an artificial neural network (ANN). Once the optimal ANN was designed, ANN were trained and used to predict fatigue life for specified sets of loading and environmental conditions. By finding patterns and trends in the data, the ANN can find the fatigue life for any set of conditions. Artificial neural networks show great potential for predicting environmentally assisted corrosion. Their main benefits are that the fit of the data is based purely on data and not on preconceptions and that the network can interpolate effects by learning trends and patterns when data are not available.
Using Paradox to Build Management and Organization Theories

Most contemporary theory construction methodologies attempt to build internally consistent theories of limited scope. Relatively little attention has been paid to the opportunities offered by tensions, oppositions, and contradictions among explanations of the same phenomenon. This essay attempts to spell out a set of theory-building strategies to help researchers take advantage of theoretical tensions. Such tensions can be regarded as paradoxes of social theory, and four different modes of working with paradoxes can be distinguished: (1) accept the paradox and use it constructively; (2) clarify levels of analysis; (3) temporally separate the two levels; and (4) introduce new terms to resolve the paradox. These four modes of paradox resolution are illustrated by application to the action:.-structure paradox in organizational theory.
Hybridization and the interaction of diabatic states

Abstract The ab initio wave function for the methane molecule is analyzed for the states comprising it as the molecule is allowed to dissociate into atoms while retaining tetrahedral symmetry. Bounds on the importance of various diabatic states are determined. The asymptotic state connecting with the valence C 5 S atomic state is the most important at the molecular geometry, but by no means the only one present.
Reliable generation and use of MHC class II:γ2aFc multimers for the identification of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells

Abstract MHC tetramers have proven to be powerful reagents for the analysis of MHC class I-restricted T cells. However, generating similarly reliable reagents for MHC class II-restricted T cells has been elusive. Here we evaluated the utility of MHC class II:γ2aFc multimers, which contain the MHC class II extracellular domains, with or without recombinantly attached peptides, dimerized via a fos–jun leucine zipper and attached to the hinge of murine IgG2a. We have successfully generated 24 multimers in either myeloma or Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells, with an average yield of 7 mg/L. ‘Empty’ MHC class II:γ2aFc multimers were effectively used in peptide binding assays. Similar versions that contained recombinantly attached peptides stimulated T cells in an antigen-specific, MHC-restricted manner, and identified antigen-specific naive and effector T cells by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we have successfully used these reagents to stain T cells generated following viral infection. Thus, MHC class II:γ2aFc multimers are robust and reliable reagents for the analysis of MHC class II-restricted T cells.
The molecular switch hypothesis fails to explain the inconsistent effects of the metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist MCPG on long-term potentiation

Abstract In the CA1 region of the hippocampus, the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) appears to be controlled by a switch-like biochemical process that is persistently activated following metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGLUR) activation. However, the mGLUR antagonist (RS)-α-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) does not consistently block the induction of LTP, perhaps because the experimental conditions used by some investigators inadvertently activate this ‘molecular switch’, thereby fulfilling the requirement for mGLUR activation and rendering LTP insensitive to the effects of mGLUR antagonists. In mouse hippocampal slices we observed that MCPG does not block LTP induced by high-frequency stimulation. Moreover, stimulation protocols designed to deactivate an inadvertently activated molecular switch had no effect on the inability of MCPG to block LTP. MCPG (through a switch-independent mechanism) did inhibit the induction of LTP by a weak induction protocol. Our results thus suggest that MCPG-sensitive mGLURs are not required for the induction of LTP and that a mGLUR-activated ‘molecular switch’ does not explain the inconsistent effects of MCPG on LTP. Instead, MCPG-sensitive mGLURs may have a modulatory role in the induction of LTP that is most evident when LTP is induced by near threshold patterns of synaptic stimulation.
A web-based data exchange system for crop model applications

Development, evaluation and, application of cropping system models (CSMs) require multiple types of data. Cropping system data sets can often be used multiple times by different groups of modelers and experimentalists around the globe. However, for various reasons, data sets are often underutilized while at the same time, lack of data creates a bottleneck for many modeling efforts. In an effort to increase utilization of cropping system data, the International Consortium for Agricultural Systems Applications (ICASA) has developed an internet-based system, the ICASA Data Exchange (ICASA DE; www. icasa.net; verified 15 Feb. 2004), that provides a convenient forum for documenting, archiving, and exchanging cropping system experiment and/or weather data sets. Users of the ICASA DE can enter metadata that describe their data sets, upload their data set files, edit their entries, search for data using specific criteria, browse metadata of data sets in the system, and download data sets from the system. The purpose of this paper is to present the functional design and implementation of this system.
X-ray Structure and Biophysical Properties of Rabbit Fibroblast Growth Factor 1

The rabbit is an important and de facto animal model in the study of ischemic disease and angiogenic therapy. Additionally, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) is emerging as one of the most important growth factors for novel pro-angiogenic and pro-arteriogenic therapy. However, despite its significance, the fundamental biophysical properties of rabbit FGF-1, including its X-ray structure, have never been reported. Here, the cloning, crystallization, X-ray structure and determination of the biophysical properties of rabbit FGF-1 are described. The X-ray structure shows that the amino-acid differences between human and rabbit FGF-1 are solvent-exposed and therefore potentially immunogenic, while the biophysical studies identify differences in thermostability and receptor-binding affinity that distinguish rabbit FGF-1 from human FGF-1.
Magnetic-resonance-imaging-based volume studies in patients with bitemporal epileptiform abnormalities

We performed a prospective study of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based hippocampal formation (HF) volumetry in 10 patients with intractable partial epilepsy of anterior temporal lobe origin. Extracranial ictal EEG recordings did not allow appropriate localization of the epileptogenic zone, and all patients required depth EEG. Chronic intracranial monitoring revealed the anterior temporal lobe onset of seizures in all patients. MRI showed a lateralized hippocampal alteration, i.e., HF atrophy and/or an increased T2-signal intensity, in 5 of the 10 patients that correctly identified the epileptic temporal lobe. Quantitative HF atrophy coexisted with the site of seizure onset as determined by the intracranial EEG recordings in four patients. Volumetry was indeterminant for atrophy in six patients. An increased mesial temporal T2-signal intensity in one patient correlated with the temporal lobe of seizure origin. MRI-identified hippocampal pathology may be highly specific in patients with bitemporal epileptiform abnormalities to indicate the localization of epileptic brain tissue.
The porphyrin-sensitized photooxidation of horseradish apoperoxidase☆

Abstract Horseradish apoperoxidase (apoHRP) was reconstituted with various porphyrin derivatives, e.g., ferric, cupric, manganese, and zinc protoporphyrin IX, metal-free protoporphyrin IX, hematoporphyrin IX and deuteroporphyrin IX. The visible absorption spectra of these porphyrin-apoHRP complexes were examined. The time required for maximum development of the new Soret peak after reconstitution was used to measure the rate of porphyrin-apoHRP reconstitution. All of the four metal-protoporphyrins reconstituted with apoHRP at the same rate as metal-free protoporphyrin IX, whereas, for the metal-free porphyrins, the rates of reconstitution were in the order of deuteroporphyrin IX > hematoporphyrin IX > protoporphyrin IX. The porphyrins on the reconstituted porphyrin-apoHRP complexes were used as localized photosensitizers for photodynamic studies. No amino acid residues were oxidized on illumination of the ferric, cupric and manganese protoporphyrin IX-apoHRP complexes due to the paramagnetic properties of these metal ions. With diamagnetic zinc ion, two histidine and one methionine residues were oxidized which was the same as in the protoporphyrin IX- and hematoporphyrin IX-apoHRP complexes. However, only one histidine was destroyed on illumination of the deuteroporphyrin IX-apoHRP complex. The results confirmed the resistance of horseradish peroxidase to photodynamic action and suggested the involvement of at least one histidine residue in the heme environment of horseradish peroxidase.
Chlamydia trachomatis infection causes mitotic spindle pole defects independently from its effects on centrosome amplification

Chlamydiae are Gram negative, obligate intracellular bacteria, and Chlamydia trachomatis is the etiologic agent of the most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Chlamydiae undergo a biphasic life cycle that takes place inside a parasitophorous vacuole termed an inclusion. Chlamydial infections have been epidemiologically linked to cervical cancer in patients previously infected by human papillomavirus (HPV). The inclusion associates very closely with host cell centrosomes, and this association is dependent upon the host motor protein dynein. We have previously reported that this interaction induces supernumerary centrosomes in infected cells, leading to multipolar mitotic spindles and inhibiting accurate chromosome segregation. Our findings demonstrate that chlamydial infection causes mitotic spindle defects independently of its effects on centrosome amplification. We show that chlamydial infection increases centrosome spread and inhibits the spindle assembly checkpoint delay to disrupt centrosome clustering. These data suggest that chlamydial infection exacerbates the consequences of centrosome amplification by inhibiting the cells' ability to suppress the effects of these defects on mitotic spindle organization. We hypothesize that these combined effects on mitotic spindle architecture identifies a possible mechanism for Chlamydia as a cofactor in cervical cancer formation.
Coarsening rates for models of multicomponent phase separation

We study the coarsening of solutions of two models of multicomponent phase separation. One is a constant mobility system; the other is a degenerate mobility system. These models are natural generalizations of the Cahn–Hilliard equation to the case of a vector-valued order parameter. It has been conjectured that the characteristic length scale `(t) grows like t1/3 as t →∞ for the first case and ` ∼ t1/4 for the second case. We prove a weak one-sided version of this assertion. Our method follows a strategy introduced by Kohn and Otto for problems with a scalar-valued order parameter; it combines a dissipation relationship with an isoperimetric inequality and an ODE argument. We also address a related model for anisotropic epitaxial growth.
The Orientation Model: A Dual‐Process Approach to Case Conceptualization

The orientation model incorporates 4 psychological constructs and empirically informed measures of dispositional tendencies into a single case conceptualization framework. Grounded in the tenets of the dual-process theory and combined with a matrix for visualizing client-specific patterns, it provides counselors with significant information on client strengths and limitations before treatment.
Gender and Intergenerational Co-residence in Egypt and Tunisia

This paper compares the levels and determinants of intergenerational co-residence among older women and men in Egypt and Tunisia. Women in both settings have higher odds than do men of living in child-headed households, largely because women more often are widowed and have fewer economic resources. In Tunisia, women have higher odds than do men of living in child-headed households partly because of their poorer health. In Egypt, the odds of living in parent- and child-headed intergenerational households for unmarried compared to married older adults are higher for women than men. Disparate needs and marital histories likely contribute to the different living arrangements of older women and men in these settings.
Examination of the role of thiolimidate formation in the cleavage of acetoacetyl-CoA catalyzed by thiolase I from porcine heart.

The potential contribution of thiolimidate formation to the increased kinetic acidity of the α-proton of acetyl-CoA in the carbon-carbon bond forming reaction catalyzed by 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (thiolase I) from porcine heart was assessed by chemical modification and isotope exchange experiments. Thiolase is only partially inactivated after the chemical modification of lysine residues by reductive methylation, pyridoxal phosphate, or o-phthaldehyde (specific for vicinal lysine and cysteine). The thiolase-catalyzed formation of acetyl-CoA from acetoacetyl-CoA and CoASH in 18OH2 is not accompanied by the appearance of 18O in the acetyl-CoA product. These experiments effectively rule out participation of thiolimidate formation in the thiolase reaction. Other mechanisms must be employed to facilitate the abstraction of the α-proton of acetyl-CoA by thiolase I.
Stimulation of pheomelanogenesis in cultured B16 melanoma cells by 4-tertiary butylcatechol

Intermediates of pheomelanin in tissue cultured B16 melanoma cells were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, and reduced glutathione (GSH), l-dopa, 2-[(l)-S-cysteinyl]-l-dopa (2-SCD) and 5-[(l)-S-cysteinyl]-l-dopa (5-SCD) were quantified. The effects of 4-tertiary butylcatechol (TBC), an antioxidant which causes skin depigmentation, on the levels of the intermediate were then examined. A concentration of 10−4 M TBC increased the intracellular levels of GSH, 2-SCD and 5-SCD, whereas the l-dopa level was unchanged. The time-course of the increased intermediates corresponded to the elevation of glutathione-metabolizing enzyme activities previously reported by Kawashima et al. [J. invest. Derm.82, 53 (1984)] in the same cell line exposed to 10−4 M TBC. The findings establish chemical evidence that TBC stimulates pheomelanogenes is in melanocytes.
A model for the azimuthal brightness variations in Saturn's rings

The paper presents a model to explain brightness variations in Saturn rings. These variations have been interpreted as implying the presence of large, synchronously rotating particles with elongated shapes or leading-trailing-edge differences although such synchronous rotation appears unlikely. The model given here assumes that the gravitational wakes or waves can be considered as elongated distributions of particles referred to as blobs, and the radiative transfer in the rings will involve both processes internal to the blobs and analogous processes among blobs. This model explains the existence of azimuthal variation in ring brightness, as well as the dependence of their amplitude on geometrical and photometric parameters. The probable photometric effects are outlined assuming the existence of density irregularities as a result of self-gravitation, and the results simplify the geometric discussion of Franklin and Colombo (1978).
Thermoregulation of juvenile Andean toads (Bufo spinulosus) at 4300 m

Abstract (1) Juvenile Andean toads (Bufo spinulosus) observed at 4300 m were markedly diurnal and more active during sunny days than cloudy days. (2) On a sunny day basking toads increased Tb from near freezing to a mean maximum of 22.9°C at mid-day, 7.7°C above the ambient air temperature. (3) On a cloudy day, basking was reduced and Tb closely matched adjacent water temperature. (4) These results suggest that at extreme elevations, strictly diurnal activity and basking behavior are advantageous for both adult and juvenile anuran life stages.
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle Reinforced Peptide Amphiphile Nanomatrix Enhances the Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Compositional Ratios

In the field of bone tissue engineering, there is a need for materials that mimic the native bone extracellular matrix (ECM). This need is met through the creation of biphasic composites intended to mimic both the organic and inorganic facets of the native bone ECM. However, few studies have created composites with organic ECM analogous components capable of directing cellular behaviors and many are not fabricated in the nanoscale. Furthermore, few attempts have been made at investigating how variations of organic and inorganic components affect the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). To address these issues, biphasic nanomatrix composites consisting of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) embedded within peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers tailored with the RGDS cellular adhesion motif (PA-RGDS) were created at various HANP to PA-RGDS ratios. Fabrication of these biphasic nanomatrix composites was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The long-term cellularity and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in response to the different compositional ratios were then assessed by quantifying the timed expression of genes indicative of osteogenic differentiation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and DNA content over time. Decreased cellularity and the expression of genes over time correlated with increasing compositional ratios between HANP and PA-RGDS. The highest HANP to PA-RGDS ratio (66% HANP) exhibited the greatest improvement to the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Overall, these results demonstrate that the compositional ratio of biphasic nanomatrix composites plays an important role in influencing the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Based on the observations presented within this study, these biphasic nanomatrix composites show promise for future usage in bone tissue engineering applications.
On the Maintenance of the Polar Front jet Stream.

Abstract A calculation of the mean transverse circulation about the polar front jet stream is performed by using a diagnostic balance, ω-equation method. The results show a thermally-direct mean transverse circulation about the jet stream system for this case study. An examination of the kinetic energy balance of this jet stream reveals that the direct transverse circulation is probably strong enough to maintain the jet against frictional dissipation but not enough to provide large lateral export of energy. However, significant amounts of energy are transferred upward across the tropopause. Further considerations are employed to argue that the mean transverse circulation obtained here is compatible with the observed distributions of temperature and potential vorticity about the jet core.
Growth and calcium metabolism in horses fed varying levels of protein.

Summary The effect of level of protein intake on growth and calcium metabolism was studied in 24 foals. Starting at four months old, the foals were fed one of three diets containing all nutrients, with the exception of protein, at levels recommended by the United States National Research Council Subcommittee on Horse Nutrition for a 12 month period. The protein levels in the three diets were 9 per cent (low protein) 14 per cent (NRC recommended level) and 20 per cent (high protein). The foals fed the low protein diet were changed to the high protein diet after 140 days when they were nine months old. There were no significant differences in the rates of growth in weight, height, cannon circumference or in hoof growth and feed utilisation of the horses fed the 14 or the 20 per cent protein diets. However, growth, feed intake and feed utilisation by the foals fed the low (9 per cent) protein diet were significantly depressed. The average daily gains for the first 140 days for the 9, 14 and 20 per cent protein treatment groups were 64, 631 and 687 g in weight, 0.57, 0.83 and 0.87 mm in height and 0.04, 0.13 and 0.14 m in forecannon circumference, respectively. The average daily feed intakes for the 140 day period for the three groups were 2.7, 4.4 and 4.7 kg, respectively. After the change to the high protein diet the foals that had been fed the low protein diet maintained a higher rate of gain in bodyweight, height and cannon circumference, and utilised feed more efficiently than the other two groups throughout the second 140 days of the experiment. At the end of the second 140 days there were no longer differences in weight, height or cannon circumference among the treatment groups. Calcium and phosphorus balance studies were carried out using three foals from each treatment group when they were six months old and repeated with the same horses when they were 12 months old. Urinary calcium excretion averaged 23 to 30 per cent of calcium intake and calcium absorption averaged 52 to 77 per cent of intake. Neither was affected by the protein content of the diet. Bone turnover, as measured with 47Ca, was depressed in the foals fed the low protein diet. A concentration of dietary protein of 20 per cent which is significantly greater than the NRC recommended level of 14 per cent is neither helpful nor harmful to growing horses.
The somatomedin-C receptor of human placenta☆

Abstract The binding and physical characteristics of the human placenta somatomedin-C (Sm-C) receptor were investigated and compared with those of the placental insulin receptor. These receptors were found to have many similar properties, but several distinctions exist between them. The two receptors have similar binding properties. Although distinct receptors, as evidenced by specificity studies, the Sm-C and insulin receptors possess similar affinities (10 × 10 9 L/mol and 3 × 10 9 L/mol, respectively) and receptor concentrations (0.4 pm/mg and 0.2 pm/mg) in placental membranes. There is also a low-affinity, high-capacity receptor for each hormone. The intact receptors are indistinguishable in size by three methods. The Stokes radius is 7.2 nm by gel filtration, the sedimentation coefficient is 11S, and the SDS polyacrylamide gel apparent molecular weight is approximately 350,000 daltons. The two receptors differ in their pH optimum for ligand binding, their isoelectric points, and their subunit size. The pH optimum for Sm-C binding is 8.2, and for insulin binding the optimum is 7.9. The isoelectric point for the Sm-C receptor is 4.6, whereas the isoelectric point for the insulin receptor is 4.2. Although the whole receptor and the half receptors for Sm-C and insulin cannot be distinguished by size on SDS gels, the binding subunit for the Sm-C receptor appears to be 8000 daltons smaller than that of the insulin receptor (134,000 v 142,000 daltons). We conclude from these studies that the insulin and Sm-C receptors of human placenta are similar in structure but are distinct entities.
Atheromas of the thoracic aorta: clinical and therapeutic update

Atherosclerotic lesions of the thoracic aorta have recently been recognized as an important cause of stroke and peripheral embolization, which may result in severe neurologic damage as well as multiorgan failure and death. Their prevalence is ∼27% in patients with previous embolic events. Transesophageal echocardiography is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of these atheromas, although computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative epiaortic ultrasound are complementary. Two clinical syndromes account for the embolic phenomena, atheroemboli and, more commonly, thromboemboli. In addition to such superimposed thrombi, plaque thickness (especially ≥4 mm) also correlates with embolic risk. This risk is high, with 12% of patients having a recurrent stroke within approximately one year, and up to 33% of patients having a stroke or peripheral embolus. In addition, aortic atheromas (as seen with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography and intraoperative epiaortic ultrasound) are an important cause of stroke during heart surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Such strokes occur during ∼12% of cardiac operations employing cardiopulmonary bypass when aortic arch atheromas are seen with transesophageal echocardiography (six times the general intraoperative stroke rate). Although anticoagulant strategies have been reported with encouraging results in nonrandomized studies, prospective, randomized data must be developed before an effective and safe treatment strategy can be determined. This review details the current state of knowledge in this area, including the clinical and pathologic evidence that thoracic aortic atherosclerosis is an important embolic source, data which guide current therapy and future directions for clinical investigation.
The Guerrilla Girls' Comic Politics of Subversion

This essay explores the visual rhetoric of the Guerrilla Girls, a group of feminist art activists based in New York. Kenneth Burke's related concepts of the comic frame and perspective by incongruity provide a particularly fitting conceptual foundation for examining these specific strategies and the Guerrilla Girls' rhetoric in general. The analysis focuses on three rhetorical strategies used by the group: (1) mimicry: (2) an inventive re-vision of history; and (3) strategic juxtaposition. By demonstrating the means by which strategies of incongruity operate visually, this essay illustrates how visual rhetoric functions as both a site and resource of feminist resistance.
The late adoption of cattle and pig husbandry in Neolithic Central Turkey

This paper summarizes and interprets zooarchaeological evidence for cattle and pig domestication in Neolithic Central Anatolia. Biometric and demographic data indicate that domestic cattle first appear in the region in the late seventh millennium cal BC while domestic pigs are not evident until the mid fifth millennium. This places the origins of cattle and pig husbandry in Central Anatolia considerably later than in neighboring regions. Reasons for this delay in the spread of productive animal husbandry practices are explored.
Superficial Dry Needling at Myofascial Trigger Point Sites

A brief review of the methods employed for the deactivation of myofascial trigger points [MTrPs] will be followed by a detailed account as to how this may be achieved by stimulating with a dry needle nerve endings in the skin and subcutaneous tissues overlying a MTrP. This procedure will be referred to as superficial dry needling [SDN]. Reasons will be given in support of the hypothesis that there are pain relieving mechanisms common to all MTrP deactivating techniques and that one of the easiest means of bringing these mechanisms into action is by the use of SDN. Attention will then be drawn to the need for large scale trials designed to compare objectively the safety, simplicity, patient acceptability and pain-relieving effectiveness of SDN with that of other methods of deactivating MTrPs.
Fundamental solutions of nine-point discrete Laplacians

Abstract Fundamental solutions of a family of nine-point discretizations of the Laplace operator and their asymptotic expansions are presented.
Age-specific alcohol prohibition and college students' drinking problems.

Of 4,266 students at 72 USA colleges in 1984–1985, characteristics of subsamples of students from states that had a minimum drinking age of 21 yr. (N = 1,328) and from those that had a minimum age ...
Somatostatin modulates PI3K-Akt, eNOS and NHE activity in the ciliary epithelium

Abstract Somatostatin (SST) is a biologically active peptide produced in neuroendocrine cells. In the present study, we provide evidence of pro-SST and SST receptor (SSTR1 and 2A) mRNA expression in ocular ciliary epithelium (CE). SST or SST-like immunoreactivity was detected by radioimmunoassay in tissue extract from ciliary processes and in aqueous humor. The distinct immunolabeling of CE with SST and proprotein convertases PC1 and PC2 antibodies suggested a tissue and cell-specific processing of pro-SST. SST (10−8 to 10−4 M) added exogenously to the CE, elicited the following effects: (i) a dose-dependent attenuation of Na+/H+-exchanger (NHE) activity; (ii) up to a two-fold increase phosphorylation of p-Akt-Ser473 and of p-eNOS-Ser617, and (iii) lack of response on intracellular cyclic GMP production. LY294002, a PI3K-inhibitor, blocked SST-induced p-Akt-Ser473 and partially p-eNOS-Ser617, however, it did not reverse SST-induced NHE attenuation. Collectively, these results suggested involvement of SST in multiple intracellular signaling pathways in the CE.
Specificity and reversibility of the rapid stomatal response to abscisic acid.

Closure of stomata caused by low (10-7M) concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) is specific for cis-trans ABA, and is initiated within 5 minutes. Upon withdrawal of the hormone supply, reopening starts within 5 minutes. Gas analysis of leaves treated with ABA or DCMU allows one to distinguish effects on the stomatal apparatus from inhibition of photosynthesis and to conclude that ABA acts on stomata directly.
Confidence Intervals for the Youden Index and Corresponding Optimal Cut-Point

A global measure of biomarker effectiveness is the Youden index, the maximum difference between sensitivity, the probability of correctly classifying diseased individuals, and 1-specificity, the probability of incorrectly classifying healthy individuals. The cut-point leading to the index is the optimal cut-point when equal weight is given to sensitivity and specificity. Using the delta method, we present approaches for estimating confidence intervals for the Youden index and corresponding optimal cut-point for normally distributed biomarkers and also those following gamma distributions. We also provide confidence intervals using various bootstrapping methods. A comparison of interval width and coverage probability is conducted through simulation over a variety of parametric situations. Confidence intervals via delta method are shown to have both closer to nominal coverage and shorter interval widths than confidence intervals from the bootstrapping methods.
Hormonal Changes as a Potential Cause for Monthly Fluid Status Variation as Indicated by Intrathoracic Impedance

Early detection of decompensated heart failure enables clinicians to tailor medical therapy to individual patient needs. The utility of transthoracic impedance assessment in the early diagnosis of volume overload has been documented in the literature. We describe the case of a young woman without congestive heart failure who was noted to have cyclical variations of transthoracic impedances that correlated with her menstrual cycle and discuss other factors that may confound proper diagnosis of volume overload in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
6. The Life Voyage

Chapter 6 applies the five-factor model and the life-story model as complementary perspectives to the multiple data sources collected for the case study of Dodge Morgan. We integrate the two models to create a new level of analysis that captures differing aspects of experience. We develop a holistic personality analysis of Morgan, interpreting his childhood, young manhood, adventures in Alaska and on the boat Coaster, his return to the mainland and embrace of business and entrepreneurship, and his solo circumnavigation. We address questions of voyage outcomes with reference to the quantitative analyses of his voyage log; we consider not only the external journey but also his internal psychological issues and developmental tasks.
The Silence of Fear: Making Sense of Student (Mis)behavior

The purpose of this personal narrative is to retrospectively analyze the actions and reactions of a young, female, white teacher who was faced with the reality of the dichotomy of race and power in a large school system. When an African American male student brings a gun to school, the teacher's personal assumptions come to the forefront, bringing confusion and fear. Simultaneously, the power exerted by the administration to keep the situation out of the public eye maintains any pervasive racial tensions that exist in the school. This piece reflects on and deconstructs the complexities of this situation through the lens of critical race theory.
KLE-(V)AR: A new identification technique for reduced order disturbance models with application to sheet forming processes

Abstract A new identification technique that combines the Karhunen–Loeve expansion (KLE) with the use of Vector AutoRegressive processes (VAR) is presented in this paper. Given measurements, collected over a period of time, of a set of correlated random variables the method generates a reduced order state-space dynamic model describing the spatial and temporal relationship among the variables. Some of the advantages of the new method are the fewer number of parameters needed to be estimated compared with traditional subspace methods, and its ability to efficiently track nonstationary random processes. Simulation examples from high dimensional sheet forming processes are included for illustration.
Theatre Engine: Integrating mobile devices with live theater

Theatre Engine is a three-phase project exploring the integration of mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers as user interaction mechanisms for live theatrical performances. This paper describes the technical details for the first performance in the series: Transitions, including system design, user interface details, and lessons learned. The user activities are described in the context of manipulations and the effects of those manipulations. The concept of blurring the distinction between real and virtual is explored. The prototype integrates Android-based mobile devices, servers, projection screens, and modern theatrical lighting with live musicians and dancers, allowing the audience to become a part of the presentation.
Upper airway malformation associated with partial trisomy 11q.

11q trisomy is associated with a recognizable pattern of multiple malformations. Review of the literature reveals the following recurrent themes common to complex and isolated 11q trisomy: mental retardation, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, hypotonia, a distinct pattern of facial features, congenital heart defects, and limb malformations. We report four patients with partial trisomy 11q, none of which arose from the common 11/22 translocation. Three of the four patients had the previously unreported finding of upper airway obstruction secondary to a malformed epiglottis. The critical region for this malformation appears to be 11q21-23.2.
Granuloma annulare successfully treated using fractional photothermolysis with a 1,550-nm erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet fractionated laser.

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign idiopathic inflammatory condition without a consistently reliable treatment. We describe a case of GA with near-complete resolution after treatment with fractional photothermolysis using a 1,550-nm erbiumdoped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) fractionated laser. GA is characterized by skin-colored to erythematous papules, classically with an annular configuration. There is a female predominance, with women twice as likely to be affected. Various clinical patterns are described, including localized, generalized, subcutaneous, macular, and perforating variants. Most cases of localized GA are self-limited; generalized cases tend to have more prolonged courses. Two histologic patterns are generally observed. The more common is an interstitial pattern of histiocytes scattered between collagen bundles. The second appearance is a palisading granuloma with histiocytes and lymphocytes surrounding a central area of collagen degeneration. With regard to management, there is no established treatment of choice, and observation alone is acceptable in many cases, given the benign and often self-limited course.
Testosterone Metabolism in Target Tissues: 2. Human Fetal and Adult Reproductive Tissues, Perineal Skin and Skeletal Muscle

ABSTRACT The in vitro metabolism of radiolabeled testosterone was studied in the following human tissues: fetal mullerian ducts, fetal wolffian ducts, fetal testes, fetal and adult skeletal muscle, fetal perineal and control (thigh) skin, adult vas deferens, adult fallopian tubes, and perineal skin and testes from 2 siblings with prepubertal male pseudohermaphroditism. By isolating and identifying all the major metabolites, the predominance of the 17-“oxo” metabolic pathway was demonstrated in all the tissues, except perineal skin, vas deferens and testes. A comparison of the 17-“oxo”/dihydrotestosterone ratios in fetal and adult tissues suggests that female sex steroids may increase metabolism along the 17-oxidative pathway. The greatest conversions to dihydrotestosterone were found in fetal perineal skin, a tissue markedly sensitive to androgens. Dihydrotestosterone formation by the adult vas deferens was significantly greater than by the adult fallopian tubes. However, 5 areductase activity was found i...
Gravitational scattering on a global monopole.

The scattering amplitude and the total scattering cross section of massless particles propagating in the gravitational field of a global monopole are derived. We find that the physical signature of such defects is a ringlike angular region where the scattering amplitude is very large. The size of this ringlike region is determined by the ratio of the global monopole mass to the Planck mass and its appearance stems from the fact that the metric of the global monopole is not asymptotically flat but rather displays the characteristic spherical angle defect. The situation is therefore very much reminiscent of scattering in the gravitational field of the cosmic string.
Perfusion and ventilation radioisotope lung scans in stenosis of the pulmonary arteries and their branches

Abstract In ten patients with stenosis of the pulmonary arteries, the relative distribution of right and left pulmonary blood flow was related to the localization of the coarctation by angiography and the degree of stenosis. To evaluate the distribution of pulmonary blood flow, the scintillation lung scan after injection of 131 I macroaggregated albumin (MAA) was utilized. Scintillation scanning of the lungs after inhalation of xenon-133 gas was also performed to assess the distribution of ventilation. The relative right to left pulmonary arterial blood flow distribution showed a good correlation with the catheterization pressure gradients and the angiographic findings. The distribution of ventilation was relatively unaffected. In a patient with a precordial murmur that exhibits disproportionate radiation to the axilla and back, an altered distribution of right to left perfusion helps to substantiate the diagnosis of stenosis of the pulmonary arteries. However, if the obstruction is bilateral and of equal degree, the distribution of blood flow may be normal. In patients with isolated acyanotic left to right shunts, the right to left distribution of pulmonary blood flow is apparently unaltered so that a lateral shift from the normal pattern raises the question of stenosis of the pulmonary arteries as an additional lesion. The finding of patchy areas of decreased radioactivity in both perfusion and ventilation lung scans in four of ten patients suggest that there may be a high incidence of emphysema or other lung disease in these patients.