cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed Encoding of Spatial and Object Categories in Primate Hippocampal Microcircuits

The primate hippocampus plays critical roles in the encoding, representation, categorization and retrieval of cognitive information. Such cognitive abilities may use the transformational input-output properties of hippocampal laminar microcircuitry to generate spatial representations and to categorize features of objects, images, and their numeric characteristics. Four nonhuman primates were trained in a delayed-match-to-sample (DMS) task while multi-neuron activity was simultaneously recorded from the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal cell fields. The results show differential encoding of spatial location and categorization of images presented as relevant stimuli in the task. Individual hippocampal cells encoded visual stimuli only on specific types of trials in which retention of either, the Sample image, or the spatial position of the Sample image indicated at the beginning of the trial, was required. Consistent with such encoding, it was shown that patterned microstimulation applied during Sample image presentation facilitated selection of either Sample image spatial locations or types of images, during the Match phase of the task. These findings support the existence of specific codes for spatial and numeric object representations in primate hippocampus which can be applied on differentially signaled trials. Moreover, the transformational properties of hippocampal microcircuitry, together with the patterned microstimulation are supporting the practical importance of this approach for cognitive enhancement and rehabilitation, needed for memory neuroprosthetics.
Canonical coordinates method for equality-constrained nonlinear optimization

Feasible-points methods have several appealing advantages over the infeasible-points methods for solving equality-constrained nonlinear optimization problems. The known feasible-points methods however solve, often large, systems of nonlinear constraint equations in each step in order to maintain feasibility. Solving nonlinear equations in each step not only slows down the algorithms considerably, but also the large amount of floating-point computation involved introduces considerable numerical inaccuracy into the overall computation. As a result, the commercial software packages for equality-constrained optimization are slow and not numerically robust. We present a radically new approach to maintaining feasibility--called the canonical coordinates method (CCM). The CCM, unlike previous methods, does not adhere to the coordinate system used in the problem specification. Rather, as the algorithm progresses CCM dynamically chooses, in each step, a coordinate system that is most appropriate for describing the local geometry around the current iterate. By dynamically changing the coordinate system to suit the local geometry, the CCM is able to maintain feasibility in equality-constrained nonlinear optimization without having to solve systems of nonlinear equations. We describe the CCM and present a proof of its convergence. We also present a few numerical examples which show that CCM can solve, in very few iterations, problems that cannot be solved using the commercial NLP solver in MATLAB 6.1.
Max Product for Max-Weight Independent Set and Matching

The Max Product (MP) is a local, iterative, message passing style algorithm that has been developed for finding the maximum a posteriori (MAP) assignment of disc rete probability distribution specified by a graphical model. The scope of application of MP is vast and in particular it can serve as a heuristic to solve any combinatorial optimization problem. Despite the success of MP algorithm in the context of coding and vision, not much has been theoretically understood about the correctness and convergence of MP. The Maximum Weight Independent Set (MWIS) and Maximum Weigh t Matching (MWM) are classically well studied combinatorial optimization problems. A lot of work has been done to design efficient algorithms for finding MWIS and MWM. In this paper, we study application of MP algorithm for MWIS and MWM for sparse random graphs: G(n, c/n) and Gr(n), which are n node random graphs with parameter c and r respectively. We show that when weights (node or edge depending on MWIS or MWM) are assigned independently according to exponential distribution, the MP algorithm converges and finds correct solution for a large range of parametric value c and r. In particular, we show that for any ǫ > 0, for large enough n, the MP becomes1 + ǫ competitive with probability at least 1 − ǫ. Our results build upon the results of Gamarnik, Nowicki and Swirscsz (2005), which established local optimality propertyof MWIS and MWM for sparse random graphs.
Closed-loop identification of cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms

An approach to assessing closed-loop physiologic regulation by the analysis of multiple fluctuating physiologic signals, is presented. In particular, the couplings among heart rate, instantaneous lung volume, and arterial blood pressure have been studied. The procedure used consists of several steps. First, a block diagram model is constructed to display the assumed interrelationships among the measured data. Secondly, linear, constant-coefficient, autoregressive moving-average equations are written to describe each block in the model. Thirdly, the physiologic signals are recorded under conditions which ensure that their frequency content is broadband (e.g. during random interval breathing). Finally, the set of coefficients that result in an optimum least squares fit to the data is found. These parameters specify the transfer functions that correspond to the blocks in the original model. Preliminary results suggest that the time constants and sensitivities inferred from the estimated transfer functions agree with more invasive direct measurements reported in the literature,. >
Stopped-Flow FT-IR Spectroscopy of Aqueous Solutions Using Attenuated Total Reflectance

An apparatus for the study of solution phase kinetics using FT-IR spectroscopy has been developed. The observation chamber consists of an integrated tangential mixer-flow cell and a ZnSe element permitting attenuated total reflectance (ATR) measurements. The short optical pathlength afforded by ATR allows mid-IR observation of chemical reactions in aqueous solution, including the spectral region near the water bending vibration (1640 cm-1). High hydraulic backpressures required to force solution rapidly through a thin layer flow cell are not necessary with the ATR flow cell because the optical pathlength and the flow cross-section have been decoupled, allowing for a relativity large flow chamber when compared with instruments incorporating a transmission flow cell. Overall system performance has been evaluated using the hydrolysis of methylchloroacetate as a test reaction. The feasibility of observing reactions with initial half-lives of approximately 250 ms is demonstrated. The system is very robust, with little risk of damaging the optics during routine maintenance.
AIDS knowledge and measurement considerations with unacculturated Latinos.

Likert-type scales are frequently used in research with different ethnic groups. Differences in cultural response styles and understanding of the scale have long been noted but rarely explored in research. This article presents the authors’ experiences in using a Likert-type questionnaire to measure AIDS knowledge among recently arrived Mexican immigrants in the southeastern United States. The questionnaire findings were compared to a qualitative assessment using vignettes to ascertain knowledge of AIDS casual transmission. It was found that a lack of association existed between the respondents’ answers to the quantitative AIDS Likert-type scale and the qualitative vignettes. In-depth interviews to understand the problems respondents were having with the scaling (linguistics, format, and wording of the AIDS questionnaire) supported the findings of a lack of association between the two methods of knowledge assessment. The findings suggest that the Likert-type format is confusing for, and does not accuratel...
The Effects of Roughness on Piston Ring Lubrication—Part II: The Relationship between Cylinder Wall Surface Topography and Oil Film Thickness

In this investigation, a theoretical piston ring/cylinder wall model has been utilized to study the dependence of the oil film thickness on surface roughness shape and amplitude, as well as on engine operating conditions. For a given roughness, a plateau honed cylinder wall surface was found to produce a thinner oil film. It has also been shown that the small crosshatch angle used when honing the cylinder wall produces surfaces that enhance hydrodynamic action. Presented at the 47th Annual Meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania May 4–7, 1992
AN ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY OF SERUM PROTEIN-BOUND CARBOHYDRATE IN DYSPROTEINEMIA.

The glycoprotein hexose in the sera of patients having an electrophoretically homogeneous globulin fraction was studied by paper electrophoresis. The largest diagnostic category was multiple myeloma, but also included were cases of macroglobulinemia, primary systemic amyloidosis, lymphoma, collagen vascular disease, liver disease, and other conditions. The hexose contents of the pathologic globulin fractions were compared; only in the macroglobulins was this value of diagnostic significance, consistently averaging more than 3 times that in normal gamma globulin. In myeloma globulins there was a relationship between the hexose content and the electrophoretic mobility, with only an occasional value approaching the macroglobulin range in the faster electrophoretic mobilities. It is shown that paper electrophoresis and the PAS staining technic, in conjunction with protein staining on a duplicate sample of serum, constitute a useful screening test for detection of increased concentration of macroglobulin in serum in a large percentage of cases of "hypergammaglobulinemia." Gel electrophoresis, immunologic typing, and ultracentrifugation studies then can be used for further elucidation of the type of abnormality present.
Social Work and the Control of Delinquency: Theory and Strategy

Strategy for the control of a social prob- sponsibility of youth, poorly guided leisure lem or for its prevention assumes some time, violence and sadism on television, clarity as to the nature of the problem. In failure of the schools to teach citizenship, the instance of delinquency conceptual am- compulsory education laws that keep poorly biguities and confusion dominate the field, motivated youth in school too long, racial The "facts" of delinquency appear simple and ethnic tensions, delinquency and crime at first: 1.5-2 million children reported to as a "normal" way of life for those living the police each year, about 600,000 juvenile in the "lower-class culture," and basic per court cases annually (traffic matters ex- sonality disturbances of an identifiable eluded) involving about 518,000 children, type. a nationwide court referral rate of over And so it goes. One is tempted to phrase 2 per 100 children. Nor are explanations a new "law of delinquency interpretations" for its existence difficult to come by. While to the effect that the simplicity and degree there are styles and fads in theory for this, of confidence in a theory advanced on the as in all other human arenas, a reasonable public platform is proportionate to the sampling of sermons, lectures, magazine ar- square of the distance from the phenome ticles, and television panel shows yields non being described! many of the following "causes," often as part of one presentation and not in any sense ranked or interrelated: the home, a
Er:YLF and the Possibility of Self-Cascade Lasing

Er:YLF laser performance at 0.85 and 1.73μm is explored as well as the possibility of self cascade lasing. Laser operation on both transitions is investigated as a function of temperature. Possible self cascade laser operation has been assessed using both laser performance and spectroscopic data.
Optimal Wage Indexation for a Monetary Union with Country Specific Shocks

The creation of a monetary union alters the incentives private agents face when bargaining their wage contracts. The model presented here introduces country specific real shocks to the Gray (1976) optimal wage indexation framework for a continuum of unions. It is assumed that the unions engage in a Barro-Gordon (1983) game with a central bank which sets monetary policy after observing the real shocks. The model is used to study how the degree of asymmetry between members of a monetary union affects indexation and, therefore, the degree of nominal rigidity. We find that the less correlated a country-specific shock is with the aggregate, the higher the indexation demands of the union. This endogenous labor market response to a monetary union mitigates some of the inevitable costs associated with losing autonomous monetary policy. The special case of a centralized wage bargaining country joining a monetary union in considered.
Photogrammetric Estimates of Allometry and Calf Production in Fin Whales, Balaenoptera physalus

Fin whales ( Balaenoptera physalus ) from a census area on the outer continental shelf of the United States were measured photogrammetrically from vertical-aerial photographs taken in 1979 and 1980. Equations of allometric growth were developed that allowed prediction of total length from other body proportions such as snout-to-blowhole, snout-to-flipper insertion, and fluke spread. Annual rates of reproduction (28–55%) and annual rates of calf production (4−7%) were estimated for this population of fin whales, indicating a potential increase in size of the population.
Assembly-Free Buckling Analysis for Topology Optimization

Linear buckling analysis entails the solution of a generalized eigenvalue problem. Popular methods for solving such problems tend to be memory-hungry, and therefore slow for large degrees of freedom.The main contribution of this paper is a low-memory assembly-free linear buckling analysis method. In particular, we employ the classic inverse iteration, in conjunction with an assembly-free deflated linear solver. The resulting implementation is simple, fast and particularly well suited for parallelization. The proposed method is used here to solve large scale 3D topology optimization problems subject to buckling constraints, where buckling problems must be solved repeatedly.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Location of communications between cognate bed of descending ramus of left coronary and adjacent collateral vascular beds.

Summary and conclusionThe frequent failure to obtain infarcts and the variability in the size of the infarcts which follow ligation of a coronary artery in the dog suggest the presence of prominent anastomotic communications with collateral vascular beds. To determine whether these communications were in deep or superficial vessels, the consistency of infarction with simple coronary ligation was compared with the infarction which resulted from coronary ligation plus occlusion of the superficial vessels by cauterization about the cognate bed of the ligated vessels. Since the latter procedure produced infarctions of predictable size in all of the 17 dogs so treated, which survived for 24 hours or longer, it is concluded that the principal anastomotic communications with collateral vessels lie in the epicardium.It is suggested that ligation plus superficial cauterization may be of definite value in providing a fairly well standardized procedure for the experimental study of myocardial infarction.
Large-Scale Monolithic Integration of PM-QPSK Modulation Architecture in 500 Gb/s Transmitters

In this talk, we describe the monolithic integration of 10 InP-based phase-modulated transmitter channels employing polarization multiplexing and quadrature phase-shift keying coherent modulation format to provide an aggregate 500Gb/s bandwidth on a single chip.
Sustainable Design Education Through a Self-Directed Online System

Sustainable design and engineering is an important topic, yet it is under-represented in educational institutions; moreover, it must be taught to practicing professionals, not just students. A free online system has been created to address both problems at once, providing educational materials for educators and also providing a self-paced program for professionals or students to earn a certificate in sustainable design. Called the Autodesk Sustainability Workshop, it is a collection of video tutorials and supporting materials (PDF reference guides, slide decks, quizzes, and other resources) that can be used either by individuals themselves or by educators (either in schools or the workplace) to learn principles and practical skills related to green design, mechanical engineering, and building science. Its dozens of video tutorials span the range from introduction to fundamental principles in sustainability, to specific operation of analytical software tools such as FEA and energy modeling. All videos are on focused topics and of short duration (typically 3–6 minutes) so they can be inserted into curricula as educators see fit, not forcing a full curriculum structure. For self-guided learners, or educators who desire a full curriculum, an interactive structure provides quizzes along with the learning resources; upon successful completion, they lead up to a certificate in green design. Currently there is only one certificate, in basic building science; future releases will expand the certificate program to sustainable product design as well, since many of the learning resources are on these topics. For content not covered by the certificate program, the website’s information architecture suggests a multi-threaded approach to learning sustainable design. As three-quarters of a million people around the world have already viewed content from the site, this self-directed online learning system is proposed to be a highly scalable method of providing sustainable design and engineering education.© 2013 ASME
Bionomics of pyrethroid-resistant and susceptible horn fly populations (Diptera:Muscidae) in Iowa

Census, age-grading techniques, and bioassays were applied to mostly pyrethroid-resistant or mostly susceptible horn fly, Haematobia irritans L., populations in 1985-1990, some of which were undergoing disruptive selection for both traits. Bioassays showed that resistant phenotypes declined rapidly on untreated cattle. Age structures, fecundity, body sizes, and reproductive success of horn fly populations varied significantly among herds, but not according to insecticidal treatment. This result suggests that adult male and female survival rates and female reproductive success of resistant and susceptible phenotypes were not greatly different. Life-history traits that were correlated with insecticide-resistant or susceptible phenotypes were thus too small in magnitude to be detected.
What the ADEA CCI Series of Articles Means to Me: Reflections of a Mid-Career Dental Faculty Member

In this reflection article, Dr. Karen Novak, a mid-career faculty member at a U.S. dental school, identifies important messages and insights she gained from a series of twenty-one articles about the future of dental education published in the Journal of Dental Education from October 2005 to February 2009. This article addresses four questions: 1) What influence have these articles had on an academic dentist’s perspectives about her role and priorities as a dental school faculty member and her own career plans and future directions? 2) What are the key messages in these articles for other dental educators who are at similar places in their careers? 3) What additional topics concerning the future of academic dentistry should be covered in future articles? and 4) What issues and priorities should receive the most attention from academic dentistry in the next decade? The American Dental Education Association’s Commission on Change and Innovation in Dental Education (ADEA CCI) was established to provide a mechanism for stakeholders in academic dentistry to meet and consider future directions in the education of the nation’s dental workforce. Along with ADEA, these stakeholders included dental schools, the American Dental Association (ADA) Board of Trustees, the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA), the ADA Council on Dental Education and Licensure (CDEL), the Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations (JCNDE), the dental licensure community, the ADA Foundation, and advanced dental education programs. The ADEA CCI was created to build consensus within the dental community for innovative changes in the education of general dentists. One outcome of this process was a series of articles intended to raise awareness and stimulate dialogue about issues and forces shaping the future of dental education. Collectively, this series of articles is known as the Perspectives and Reflections in Dental Education (PRIDE) series to acknowledge the commitment of the academic dental community to reflect on current practices and future directions and also to represent the pride of dental school faculty members in their educational responsibilities and accomplishments.
Effect of losartan and captopril on collagen accumulation and early remodeling after AMI

Objective:To evaluate if the early usage of losartan and captopril decrease growth factors and collagen accumulation at infarct region and the their effect on early remodeling. Method:LAD was ligated in 60 male rats. All rats survived the first 12 hours were randomized into control group, captopril group, captopril and losartan group. 14 days after AMI,hemodynamic studies were performed,the volume and weight of left ventricular,and the content of AngⅡ, TGF-β,and hydroxyproline of infarct scar and noninfarct myocardium were examined.Result:Compaired with captopril group, the content of AngⅡ of captopril and losartan group was decreased at infart scar but not noninfart myocardium,the contents of hydroxyproline also decreased, and the content of TGF-β1 nonsignificantly decreased; there were no siginificant differences in the content of TGF-β1 and hydroxyproline between the two group at noninfart myocardium. Distolic function of LV of captopril and losartan group decreased nonsignificantly compared with captopril group; LV weight of captopril and losartan group was greater than captopril group,whereas there were no significant differences in LV volume between these two groups.Conclusion:Early usage of losartan and captopril decreased growth factors and collagen at infarction region during early healing phase,promoted adverse LV remodeling.
The application of flow cytometry to the assessment of tumor cell heterogeneity and the grading of human prostatic cancer: Preliminary results

AbstractA new method has been developed to assess quantitatively tumor cell morphology and tumor cell heterogeneity. Preliminary results suggest that this method may be capable of predicting the metastatic potential of a tumor based upon analysis of a biopsy sample. A flow cytometric grading index was established based upon the mean and variance in perpendicular and forward light scatter. The mean was included to assess the tumor as a whole. The variance was included to assess the range of morphological heterogeneity within the tumor. This flow cytometric grading index has allowed for the accurate prediction of the ultimate pathological stage in a small series of human prostatic cancers obtained at the time of radical retropubic prostatectomy and lymph node dissection. Patients with high flow cytometric index values had seminal vesicle invasion and capsular penetration by prostatic cancer. Those with intermediate index values had capsular penetration only. The patient with a low index value had a small ca...
5'- and 5-deiodinase activities in adult rat cecum and large bowel contents inhibited by intestinal microflora

Enzymatic mechanisms for deiodination of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine or thyroxine in the phenolic ring (5'-deiodinase) or tyrosyl ring (5-deiodinase) are found in cells of many organs, including the intestinal wall. Deiodinases are highly active in intestinal tissue of developing rat fetuses and relatively inactive in adult intestinal cells, but little is known about these systems in the luminal contents of intestines. We have found both 5- and 5'-deiodinase activities in adult rat intestinal contents and have shown that their expression is inhibited by resident intestinal microflora, which are normally present in the adult but not in the fetus, possibly because they are bound by intestinal bacteria in the adult.
Short-term effects of teriparatide versus placebo on bone biomarkers, structure, and fracture healing in women with lower-extremity stress fractures: A pilot study

Aims In this pilot, placebo-controlled study, we evaluated whether brief administration of teriparatide (TPTD) in premenopausal women with lower-extremity stress fractures would increase markers of bone formation in advance of bone resorption, improve bone structure, and hasten fracture healing according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Dynorphin-converting enzyme

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of the structural chemistry and the biological aspects of Dynorphin-Converting enzyme (DCE). Dynorphins (Dyn) are a class of potent opioid peptides with wide distribution in the nervous system. They are synthesized as large proteins containing biologically active peptides flanked by dibasic and monobasic processing signals. DCE has been purified to homogeneity from the cattle neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary using phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic chromatography, preparative isoelectrofocusing, nondenaturing electrophoresis and FPLC with Mono-Q (Pharmacia). The enzyme has also been partially purified (about 2,500-fold) from the anterior pituitary. Other sources from which DCE has been partially purified include rat brain and ileum, and cell lines AtT-20, GH4C1 and BRL 2A. The enzyme is present in most tissues, but is particularly abundant in rat brain and pituitary. In tissue homogenates, the activity is equally distributed between soluble and membrane-bound forms. Subcellular fractionation studies have shown that DCE is present in the neuropeptide-containing secretory vesicles in cattle pituitary. DCE is also found in the functional secretory compartment in endocrine cell lines, such as AtT-20 cells and GH4C1 cells.
Computing Polynomials by Chemical Reaction Networks

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) provide a fundamental model in the study of molecular systems. Widely used as formalism for the analysis of chemical and biochemical systems, CRNs have received renewed attention as a model for molecular computation. This paper demonstrates that, with a new encoding, CRNs can compute any set of polynomial functions subject only to the limitation that these functions must map the unit interval to itself. These polynomials can be expressed as linear combinations of Bernstein basis polynomials with positive coefficients less than or equal to 1. In the proposed encoding approach, each variable is represented using two molecular types: a type-0 and a type-1. The value is the ratio of the concentration of type-1 molecules to the sum of the concentrations of type-0 and type-1 molecules. The proposed encoding naturally exploits the expansion of a power-form polynomial into a Bernstein polynomials. The method is illustrated first for generic CRNs; then the chemical reactions designed for two examples are mapped to DNA strand-displacement reactions.
Z 2 traversal order: An interleaving approach for VR stereo rendering on tile-based GPUs

With increasing demands of virtual reality (VR) applications, efficient VR rendering techniques are becoming essential. Because VR stereo rendering has increased computational costs to separately render views for the left and right eyes, to reduce the rendering cost in VR applications, we present a novel traversal order for tile-based mobile GPU architectures: Z2 traversal order. In tile-based mobile GPU architectures, a tile traversal order that maximizes spatial locality can increase GPU cache efficiency. For VR applications, our approach improves upon the traditional Z order curve. We render corresponding screen tiles in left and right views in turn, or simultaneously, and as a result, we can exploit spatial adjacency of the two tiles. To evaluate our approach, we conducted a trace-driven hardware simulation using Mesa and a hardware simulator. Our experimental results show that Z2 traversal order can reduce external memory bandwidth requirements and increase rendering performance.
Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of stromal interaction molecules

Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum is an important component of Ca2+ signal transduction that controls numerous physiological processes in eukaryotic cells. Release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum is coupled to the activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry into cells. Store-operated Ca2+ entry provides Ca2+ for replenishing depleted endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores and a Ca2+ signal that regulates Ca2+-dependent intracellular biochemical events. Central to connecting discharge of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores following G protein-coupled receptor activation with the induction of store-operated Ca2+ entry are stromal interaction molecules (STIM1 and STIM2). These highly homologous endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane proteins function as sensors of the Ca2+ concentration within the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and activators of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels. Emerging evidence indicates that in addition to their role in Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel gating and store-operated Ca2+ entry, STIM1 and STIM2 regulate other cellular signaling events. Recent studies have shown that disruption of STIM expression and function is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases including autoimmune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and myopathies. Here, we provide an overview of the latest developments in the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of STIM1 and STIM2. Impact statement Intracellular Ca2+ signaling is a fundamentally important regulator of cell physiology. Recent studies have revealed that Ca2+-binding stromal interaction molecules (Stim1 and Stim2) expressed in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are essential components of eukaryote Ca2+ signal transduction that control the activity of ion channels and other signaling effectors present in the plasma membrane. This review summarizes the most recent information on the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of stromal interaction molecules. We anticipate that the work presented in our review will provide new insights into molecular interactions that participate in interorganelle signaling crosstalk, cell function, and the pathogenesis of human diseases.
LDL-Density-Theory: Clinical Trial Design for Aortic Valve Disease

The cellular mechanisms are evolving rapidly in the field of calcific aortic valve biology. The experimental studies will have future translational implications for the treatment of this disease process. This chapter provides the premise for the role of lipids to activate atherosclerosis within the heart to initiate the development of bone formation. Lessons from the experimental studies have evolved into a series of clinical parameters, which provide the foundation for an algorithm to treat aortic valve disease: the LDL-Density-Radius and the LDL-Density-Pressure Theories. The LDL Density Theories provides a premise for the translational role of the Lrp 5/6 receptor biology in the treatment of calcific aortic valve disease.
Experiments on Hypervelocity Dissociating Flow over Spheres

This paper presents the experimental results of measurements of the stagnation point heat transfer rates experienced by spherical models of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 inch diameter in nitrogen, air and carbon dioxide at stagnation enthalpies ranging from 4 to 22 MJ/kg and stagnation pressures from 25 to 80 MPa. The experimental results are compared with existing results obtained in the ballistic range facility at NASA Ames and also with numerical calculations. The experimental results obtained by optical differential interferometry were compared with the images constructed from flowfields computed using the method of Candler (1988). Good agreement of fringe pattern and shock shape was observed. A novel flow visualization technique using sodium seeding to increase the sensitivity of conventional shadowgraphic techniques by resonant enhancement of the refractivity of the medium was also used. The resonantly-enhanced shadowgraph suggests a possible way of visualizing the vortical structure induced by the strong entropy layer.
Regional gastrointestinal absorption of ranitidine in the rat.

Purpose. Ranitidine absorption from isolated segments of rat small intestine (duodenum, midgut, and terminal ileum) was investigated to examine the influence of pH and 50% bile, and to determine if ranitidine is absorbed preferentially from a specific region. Methods. Ranitidine (50 mg/kg) was administered into each segment in pH 5 or pH 7 buffer, or in 50% bile. Venous blood was collected at various times for 40 min from the right jugular vein. Results. When ranitidine was administered in pH 7 buffer or in 50% bile, C max and AUC0–40 were significantly greater after administration into the terminal ileum compared to the duodenum and midgut. AUC0–40 was significantly greater when ranitidine was administered in pH 5 buffer or in 50% bile into the duodenum compared to the midgut. C max was significantly different between administration into the duodenum and midgut only when ranitidine was administered in 50% bile. Ranitidine administration in pH 5 buffer significantly decreased AUC0– 40 and C max after administration into the midgut, and AUC0–40 after administration into the terminal ileum compared to administration with pH 7 buffer or in 50% bile. Bile had no significant effect on AUC0–40 after ranitidine administration into the duodenum and midgut compared to administration in pH 7 buffer. However, bile significantly increased AUC0–40and C max after ranitidine administration into the terminal ileum compared to administration with pH 7 and pH 5 buffer. Conclusions. Results suggest that ranitidine is absorbed from the entire small intestine. However, the terminal ileum is the optimal site of gastrointestinal absorption. Furthermore, bile enhances ranitidine absorption from the terminal ileum.
APPLICATION OF DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURE AND SYNERGETICS TO PLASTIC DEFORMATION —DISLOCATION PATTERNING AND WORK HARDENING

Based on the classic dislocation theory and principle of dissipative structure and synergetics, a dislocation dynamic model is developed for describing the variation of the dislocation density with time and space. The evolution of the profile of the dislocation patterns at constant strain rate is analyzed by the so-called “slaving principle” in synergetics and simulated by using computer. It was shown that dislocation cell sizes decrease half-and-half instead of continuously with increasing strain, which consists with hierarchial dislocation cell structure observed from experiments. Dislocations are generated in the cell interiors or are generated at the interfaces between cell walls and cell interiors and annihilated in the cell walls. The stress-strain curve corresponding to the evolution of dislocation patterning have obviously four stages of work hardening. The applied stresses are inversely proportional to the dislocation cell sizes.
Individual Productivity: A Sourcing Analysis

With increasing frequency, Human Resource functions are called upon to contribute to the enhancement of employee productivity through the design and implementation of selection and job training programs affecting the firm’s factory work force. A quick inventory of the procedural and conceptual tools available to the practitioner to help in this process suggests some strengths and some weaknesses. From a techniques standpoint, the literature on selection and training is quite broad and constitutes an asset. From the standpoint of human resource planning, however, the tool box is less adequately stocked; two general types of deficiencies can be considered: 1. Needs analysis in the area of productivity is a particularly complex task. Objective indices of base period or current productivity levels in the classical metric of “output per unit of time” are not often available, particularly on paced or service type factory jobs. Where hard data are available, they are typically confounded by moderating operational factors which mask the effects of individual differences in employee productivity 2. The idea of estimating potential productivity gains for use in projecting the “benefits” side of the cost-benefit equation in dollar terms has proved to be an elusive objective in the literature.
Applications of Optimizing Neural Networks in Medical Image Registration

We formulate feature-based medical image registration as a point matching problem. Point matching requires us to solve for the (rigid or non-rigid) spatial mapping that brings one point-set into register with the other. In order to solve for the spatial mapping, we require the point-to-point correspondences between the two point-sets. Since this information is typically unavailable, we formulate the problem w.r.t. the spatial mapping and the correspondences as a mixed variable objective function. Deterministic annealing and the softassign are used to obtain a robust point matching algorithm. Results are shown for 2D rigid autoradiograph alignment and 3D non-rigid mapping of cortical anatomical MR brain structures.
Mediastinoscopy in the treatment of mediastinal cysts

Objective Primary cysts constitute 25% of all masses in the mediastinum. Because radiological investigations are often inconclusive, many adults require mediastinoscopy, thoracotomy, video-assisted thoracic surgery, or computed tomography-guided transbronchial, transesophageal, or transcutaneous aspiration to confirm the cystic nature of these lesions. Minimally invasive procedures fail when the cyst contents are gelatinous and mucoid (failure to aspirate) or when the cyst wall continues to secrete fluid. Though Pursel reported mediastinoscopic extirpation of benign cysts 35 years ago, it remains a "therapeutic curiosity" with sporadic reports of its usage. We report 2 successful mediastinal cyst extirpations performed as outpatient procedures and review the literature with regards to its management. Methods A rigid, 8-mm mediastinoscope was inserted into the anterior mediastinum following the creation of a 2-cm suprasternal incision and dissection along the anterior surface of the trachea. After aspiration, cytology of the contents revealed their benign nature. Right paratracheal cysts in 2 adult males were successfully removed mediastinoscopically by blunt and sharp dissection. Results Histopathology revealed benign mesothelial cysts in both instances. Both patients had an uncomplicated procedure and were discharged within 23 hours. No other pathology was detected on mediastinoscopy, and follow-up at 3 months and 6 months has revealed no recurrence. Conclusion Mediastinoscopic cyst removal is a minimally invasive procedure with a very low morbidity and mortality rate. Morbidity, recovery, and discharge times are much less than those of more invasive procedures (video-assisted thoracic surgery / thoracotomy). We suggest that it should be the first-choice procedure for the excision of appropriately located benign mediastinal cysts.
Validation of ICH score in a large urban population.

Abstract Objectives Hemorrhagic stroke cause around 10–20% of all strokes. ICH (Intracerebral Hemorrhage) score is a grading scale used to determine survival outcome after nontraumatic ICH at 30 days. It is a 6-point scale based on 5 independent variables, which are graded based on the weight of their association. These 5 variables are the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), ICH Volume, Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), Infratentorial origin and age. The aim of our study is to validate the ICH score in our population. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 245 adult patients who presented with acute ICH to University Hospital, Newark between 1/1/2012 to 12/30/2015. GCS recorded in Emergency Department was used. Initial Computed tomography (CT) Head was used for calculating volume, IVH, and location origin, while ICH Volume was calculated using the ABC/2 method. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Patients with a hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic strokes or traumatic ICH were excluded. Results 245 patients met our inclusion criteria. 30-day mortality was 36%. ICH scores ranged from 0 to 5, and an increase in the ICH score was associated with an increase in 30-day mortality. 4 variables in the ICH score had a significant association with 30-day mortality: ICH Volume ≥30 ml (OR, 17.24; 95% CI, 8.33–35.66; P Conclusions Our study is one of the largest done at a single urban center to validate the ICH score. Age ≥ 80 years wasn't statistically significant with respect to 30-day mortality in our group. Restratification of the weight of individual variable in the ICH equation with modification of the ICH score can potentially more accurately establish mortality risk. Nevertheless, the overall prediction of mortality was accurate and reproducible in our study.
Paraesophageal Hernia and Gastric Volvulus

The progression of hiatal hernias to complications of incarcerated paraesophageal hernias and acute gastric volvulus represents the extreme, life-threatening situations, in which acute care surgeons encounter patients with these conditions. Complications of paraesophageal hernias including gastric volvulus can present with the patient in extremis necessitating rapid fluid resuscitation, correction of metabolic and electrolyte derangements, nasogastric decompression, and the initiation of broad spectrum antibiotics. Urgent surgical intervention often includes the use of endoscopic, laparoscopic, and open techniques to achieve gastric reduction and derotation as well as resection of necrotic tissue in staged or “damage control” procedures where necessary.
The role of landscape installations in climate change communication

Abstract Engaging the public in the issue of climate change is critical in fostering the support required for climate change adaptation. Designers and artists can contribute to public engagement using the landscape as a setting and medium to visualize climate change futures. This research note presents the case example of High Tide, a temporary landscape installation in Boston, MA, designed to bring attention to projected flooding in the area due to sea level rise. Our study sought to pilot the use of social science methods to gain initial insight on whether a landscape installation, through its accessible and site-specific qualities, could engage local audiences in the subject of climate change. Our findings provide an initial proof-of-concept for the role of public art in contributing to public engagement by bringing attention to and visualizing local effects of climate change using the landscape as a publicly accessible setting. Future research using robust social science methods would further illuminate these issues.
Yellowstone’s Prehistoric Bison: A Comment on Keigley (2019)

On the Ground • We provide additional information addressing the issue of whether American bison (Bison bison) were generally absent or present in Yellowstone National Park prior to its establishment in 1872. • Our results support Keigley's conclusion that bison herds before the mid-1800s were absent in Yellowstone National park, and particularly the park's northern range. • Our results also support Keigley's conclusion that bison had no significant role in the ecological processes that helped shape the park's original landscape.
The influence of swallowing impairments as an independent risk factor for burden among caregivers of aging parents: A cross-sectional study

Informal caregivers can experience high levels of burden, negatively impacting both the caregiver and care recipient. The presence of dysphagia (swallowing impairments) in care recipients is suggested to contribute to increased caregiver burden. The purpose of this study was to describe the type and severity of caregiver burden experienced by adults caring for community-dwelling older parents reporting symptoms of dysphagia. Using surveys from the National Health and Aging Trends Study and the National Study of Caregiving, data from 895 adults providing care for an aging parent were analyzed. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that swallowing difficulties reported by a parent is a significant independent predictor of increased physical and emotional burden in their caregivers. Forty percent or more of these caregivers reported moderate to severe physical and/or emotional burden. Suggestions are provided to identify dysphagia early on and to provide supports for caregivers.
Simple Interface Modification of Electroactive Polymer Film Electrodes

Understanding the role of interface properties is crucial in the search for alternative design strategies to optimize the efficiency, performance, and lifetime of both solid-state and redox active ...
Deep hybrid modeling of chemical process: Application to hydraulic fracturing

Abstract Process modeling began with the use of first principles resulting in ‘white-box’ models which are complex but accurately explain the dynamics of the process. Recently, there has been tremendous interest towards data-based modeling as the resultant ‘black-box’ models are simple, and easy to construct, but their accuracy is highly dependent on the nature and amount of training data used. In order to balance the advantages and disadvantages of ‘white-box’ and ‘black-box’ models, we propose a hybrid model that integrates first principles with a deep neural network, and applied it to hydraulic fracturing process. The unknown process parameters in the hydraulic fracturing process are predicted by the deep neural network and then utilized by the first principles model in order to calculate the hybrid model outputs. This hybrid model is easier to analyze, interpret, and extrapolate compared to a ‘black-box’ model, and has higher accuracy compared to the first principles model.
Cultural Differences in Everyday Causal Reasoning: Evidence that Westerners are Logical Isolaters whereas Easterners are Analogical Modelers

This paper begins by outlining the different values highlighted by Western and Eastern philosophies and how these values are reflected in cultural differences in psychology generally. Next it argues that these cultural differences in philosophy and cognition are reflected in reasoning about causation in particular. Specifically, Westerners rely heavily on counterfactual reasoning whereas Easterners may not. Finally, it proposes that instead of relying on counterfactual reasoning, Easterners are particularly likely to rely on analogical reasoning. To support this proposition, the paper provides preliminary empirical evidence suggesting that Easterners are more adept at analogical reasoning than Westerners.
CAUTION ADVISED USING COMBINATION KETOCONAZOLE AND PD-1 INHIBITORS.

ABSTRACT Objective: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are approved to treat multiple cancers. We report life-threatening hepatic failure in 2 consecutive patients with Cushing syndrome that were treated...
Abstract 14342: Redo Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement versus Valve in Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Introduction: There has been a recent trend towards the increased use of biologic valves at the time of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) with an understanding there may be a potential need ...
Integrating Culturally Responsive Group Work in Schools to Foster the Development of Career Aspirations among Marginalized Youth

Marginalized youth face many barriers in the development of career aspirations, despite the fact that career development training is a crucial part of school curricula and ethical mandates. This ar...