cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new concept for implementation of a required general surgery clerkship.

Background Two years ago our institution abbreviated the junior internal medicine and general surgery clerkships to accommodate a 4-week family practice clerkship and a 4-week elective clerkship. As a consequence, 1-month mandatory internal medicine and general surgery clerkships were placed in the senior year. Methods The surgical disorders most commonly encountered by the generalist are discussed. The senior students spend 4 weeks with a community-based surgeon. All lectures are presented by full-time faculty and adhere to the student manual, which is designed to coincide with examination material. Three histories and physicals are reviewed by the course director to determine utilization of critical thinking skills. The development of healthy interpersonal and professional relationships is addressed by a 2-hour module on the essentials of integrity, compassion, humility, and self-knowledge. A faculty development seminar provides an awareness of course objectives and logistics. Student grades are determined by the preceptor's evaluation (50%), an in-house written examination (50%), and submission of adequate history and physicals. Results Subjective reviews by students (n = 115) reveal that although only 27% of the students care to pursue a surgical practice, 85% feel that their time was effectively spent and 83% feel that the clerkship should be offered to future fourth year medical students. Seventy percent of submitted history and physicals (n = 420) exhibit appropriate critical thinking skills. Conclusions We are currently in the midst of our third year of implementation. The students are receiving insight into a surgical approach to common disease processes. History and physical examination skills and healthy interpersonal relationships are reinforced. Although change is often difficult to accomplish and accept, the positive response to the newly formatted senior curriculum has exceeded expectations.
Minimal conditions for additive conjoint measurement and qualitative probability

Abstract Axioms for additive conjoint measurement and qualitative probability are given. Representation theorems and uniqueness theorems are proved for structures that satisfy these axioms. Both Archimedean and nonarchimedean cases are considered. Approximations of infinite structures by sequences of finite structures are also considered.
Earth science: Missing link in mantle dynamics.

The discovery of crystallographic imperfections known as disclinations in the most profuse mineral in Earth's upper mantle has the potential to solve a problem that has vexed mineral physicists for decades. See Article p.51 Olivine is the most abundant upper-mantle mineral — and the weakest under a wide range of thermo-mechanical conditions — so its deformation under stress is an important constraint on mantle behaviour. Patrick Cordier et al. present a model for the deformation of olivine aggregates that includes the motion of rotational defects — referred to as 'disclinations' — a factor neglected in previous studies of mantle rheology. The authors conclude that such disclination motion could provide the missing mechanism for describing plastic flow in olivine, which should enable multiscale modelling of the rheology of the upper mantle, from the atomic scale to large-scale mantle flow.
The existence of the spinodal and its relation to spinodal decomposition

Abstract The most well-known theory of spinodal decomposition depends on the existence of a free energy versus composition curve for a binary solution which exhibits a maximum within the region of the miscibility gap of its phase diagram. Such a maximum cannot exist unless special constraints are applied to the thermodynamic system. The role of these constraints, their clear specification, and the possible confusion associated with the use of mean field models are discussed. Attention is drawn to the fact that the conventional criterion of stability against decomposition is only true in an asymptotic limit.
Filamentous actin organization in the unfertilized sea urchin egg cortex

Abstract We have investigated the organization of filamentous actin in the cortex of unfertilized eggs of the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus variegatus . Rhodamine phalloidin and anti-actin immunofluorescent staining of isolated cortices reveal a punctate pattern of fluorescent sources. Comparison of this pattern with SEM images of microvillar morphology and distribution indicates that filamentous actin in the cortex is predominantly localized in the microvilli. Thin-section TEM and quick-freeze deep-etch ultrastructure of isolated cortices demonstrates that this microvillar-associated actin is in a novel organizational state composed of very short filaments arranged in a tight network and that these filament networks form mounds that extend beyond the plane of the plasma membrane. Actin filaments within the networks do not exhibit free ends and make end-on attachments with the membrane only within the region of the evaginating microvilli. Myosin S-1 dissociable crosslinks, 2–3 nm in diameter, are observed between network filaments and between network filaments and the membrane. A second population of long, individual actin filaments is observed in close lateral association with the plasma membrane and frequently complexes with the microvillar actin networks. The filamentous actin of the unfertilized egg cortex may participate in establishing the mechanical properties of the egg surface and may function in nucleating the assembly of cortical actin following fertilization.
Sustainability assurance modeling for SRAM-based FPGA evolutionary self-repair

A quantitative stochastic design technique is developed for evolvable hardware systems with self-repairing, replaceable, or amorphous spare components. The model develops a metric of sustainability which is defined in terms of residual functionality achieved from pools of amorphous spares of dynamically configurable logic elements, after repeated failure and recovery cycles. At design-time the quantity of additional resources needed to meet mission availability and lifetime requirements given the fault-susceptibility and recovery capabilities are assured within specified constraints. By applying this model to MCNC benchmark circuits mapped onto Xilinx Virtex-4 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with reconfigurable logic resources, we depict the effect of fault rates for aging-induced degradation under Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) and interconnect failure under Electromigration (EM). The model considers a population-based genetic algorithm to refurbish hardware resources which realize repair policy parameters and decaying reparability as a complete case-study using published component failure rates.
Water Self-Diffusion Measurements in Excised Rat Lungs☆

Abstract Water self diffusion in excised rat lungs has been measured using pulsed-field-gradient (PFG) techniques. The apparent diffusion coefficient,Dapp, was measured from a plot of the magnetizationMvsg2ato be 4.0 × 10−6cm2/s in the limit of small γδga, where γ is the gyromagnetic ratio, δ is the duration of the applied gradient pulses, andgais the applied gradient strength.Dappis independent of the diffusion time,t, for values oftbetween 18 and 106 ms. For larger values of γδga, an additional smaller value of the slope ofMvsg2awas observed, indicating the existence of other, more slowly dephasing spins. Variation oftrevealed that the relative magnetization associated with the more slowly dephasing spins decreases astis increased. In addition, the relative magnetization of the slowly dephasing spins decreases as the temperature,T, of the excised rat lung is increased. Slow exchange from the compartment of the more rapidly to that of the more slowly dephasing spins may explain some of the observed dependence of the relative magnetizations ontandT. Measurements of water self diffusion in rat lung at various levels of water content indicate a correlation betweenT2components and diffusion components. A new technique that combines the PFG with the Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill technique is presented. The application of this technique to excised rat lung confirms the correlation betweenT2and diffusion components.
Permeability of regenerated corneal epithelium.

The penetration of non-metabolized 14carbon labelled α-amino-isobutyric acid (α-AIB), 3-o-methyl glucose, and d-mannitol across the regenerated corneal epithelium in rabbits has been determined in vivo and compared to penetration into bare stroma and across normal epithelium. From these values it was possible to calculate the permeability of the epithelium to these analogues of nutrient compounds. An estimate of endothelial permeability to these compounds was made after measuring penetration across the endothelium from stroma into aqueous humor. The data confirm the relative impermeability of the epithelial layer and it is noted that re-establishment of epithelial integrity, as measured by fluorescein staining, is coincident with resumption of impermeability to the small molecules. The results indicate that attempts to nourish epithelium from the tear surface require concentrations and contact times which are best achieved by constant infusion techniques. Endothelial permeabilities were much greater than epithelial permeabilities and these nutrient molecule analogues apparently penetrate slightly more rapidly than does sodium.
An Agile approach to library IT innovations

Purpose – This paper seeks to describe the application of the Agile software development approach to rapidly develop and deploy a variety of innovative IT applications.Design/methodology/approach – The Agile approach is flexible and iterative with continuous feedback and constant communication. It is also marked by frequent and short delivery schedules. An Agile team of staff and students was formed for different projects, and visual tools were used to show process and progress. Team members were also co‐located (situated in the same space), a key element that allowed faster and direct communication. Within the Agile framework, the Crystal Clear methodology was selected, which is based on team size and criticality of the application to develop the workflow and iterative processes.Findings – The Agile approach is particularly suited to innovation development and creative teams for rapid development of products, services, and technology. However, its acceptance is dependent on organizational culture and nat...
Sequential Classification on Lattices with Experiment-Specific Response Distributions

Abstract A Bayesian framework for sequential classification on finite lattice models is described in which response distributions are allowed to vary according to experiment. Optimal rates of convergence in classification are established. Intuitive and computationally simple experiment selection rules are proposed, and it is shown that this class of rules attains optimal rates almost surely under general conditions. A simulation study demonstrates that sequential classification can be conducted efficiently on lattices, with potentially great savings in experiment adminstration while maintaining high classification accuracy. This framework can be applied to adaptive testing for cognitive assessment and to other sequential classification problems such as group testing when experimental response distributions depend on pool composition.
The Review on the Topology of Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid System Applied into the Real-Time Wind Power Suppression

The energy storage technique is one of the most effective means for the real-time wind power regulation. Firstly, this paper discussed the operation mode of energy storage system for real-time wind power regulation. At the same time, we proposed that the energy storage system applied into the real-time wind power regulation should be of the properties of high power density, high energy density and long cycle life. By analyzing the properties of battery and supercapacitor, we arrive at the conclusion that the battery-supercapacitor hybrid system obtains the enhanced characteristics to meet the performance requirement for energy storage system. In order to achieve the real-time wind power suppression, we carried out a comparative research on the topology of battery-supercapacitor hybrid system. The operation mode of each topology was discussed. From the standpoint of practical engineering, the merits and deficiencies of each topology were explored.
Aortic Root Replacement with Composite Graft: Experience in 95 Patients:

Between January 1994 and June 1998, 95 patients with a mean age of 40.6 years (range, 23 to 69 years) underwent aortic root replacement with composite grafts. The operations were performed under hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass. In dissecting aortic aneurysm or aneurysms involving the aortic arch, selective cerebral perfusion via the right subclavian artery was employed, with additional femoral arterial cannulation if necessary. Combined procedures included partial arch replacement (6), elephant trunk technique (2), and mitral valve replacement (2). The mean duration of aortic crossclamping was 74.3 ± 17.9 min (42 to 133 min) and the mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 117.8 ± 28.6 min (60 to 232 min). The hospital mortality was 1.1% (1 patient) and there was one late death. Complications comprised reexploration for bleeding (2), pericardial effusion (2), cerebral infarction (1), pleural effusion (1), and pneumothorax (1). Blood transfusion was not needed in 8 patients. Hemorrhage was the mo...
Planning, place-making and building consensus for transit-oriented development: Ogden, Utah case study

The development of mass transit systems can provide environmental and socio-economic benefits to cities that promote transit-oriented development (TOD). The private sector, municipal government, and community often play competing roles in land-use decision-making processes that may include, or exclude, TOD. In the case of Ogden, Utah, the role of the city as a growth machine, or economic engine, in which private investment and gain is privileged over the communal, is differentiated from community based input in the efforts to shape that place. A close look at the city’s transit proposals reveals that there is a need for balance within the triad of privatism, government, and community. As the case study presented here demonstrates, the role and importance of community activism in selecting appropriate transit and defining place should not be underestimated nor overlooked. Identification of the sources of tension between government, business, and community actors and within the public (government) sector (e.g., the mayor’s office versus city council) could be instructive to communities both within the United States and abroad that may face similar land-use conflicts and transit challenges. Issues of zoning and route selection are also shown to be key variables in TOD planning.
Refined Model of Electromigration of Ag/Pd Electrodes in Multilayer PZT Ceramics Under Extreme Humidity

The phenomenon of silver electromigration has been examined in multilayer structures comprised of a low-firing PZT-based ceramic with inner Ag 1-x Pd x electrodes (0 0.1. Failed samples exhibited metallic-like transport properties including Ohmic behavior and a low temperature coefficient of resistance. Subsequently, electron microscopy of cross-sectioned samples revealed high concentrations of Ag in grain boundaries confirming Ag migration as the failure mechanism. Furthermore, it was found that the failure rate did not improve substantially by replacing a pure Ag anode with a higher Pd composition. This observation appears to conflict with previous conceptual models in which Ag migration originates mainly from the anode. It is suggested that Ag diffusion during sintering results in a background concentration of Ag within the ceramic which later contributes to the electrolytic flux of Ag + ions under high humidity. This effect may be more apparent in low temperature sintered materials where residual grain boundary phases become vulnerable pathways for moisture penetration.
Kierkegaard and the ‘teleological suspension of the ethical’

This article discusses the claim made by Kierkegaard in Fear and Trembling that the story of Abraham involves a ‘teleological suspension of the ethical’. It tries to show that this claim is intelli...
Weak radiative baryon decays in the Skyrme model

A Skyrme-model calculation of weak radiative baryon octet and decuplet decays is presented, based on a Lagrangian describing weak nonleptonic decays of mesons previously discussed by Donoghue and collaborators. There are no free parameters in the Skyrme-model predictions for weak radiative decays, as all necessary parameters are obtained from other contexts. The predictions of the Skyrme model for the weak radiative baryon decays are in good qualitative agreement with experiment, except for ..sigma../sup +/..-->..p..gamma.., where however the model involves substantial cancellations among terms which are sensitive to small changes of input parameters.
Sustainable Process Analytics Formalism: A Case Study of Book Binding System for Energy Optimization

Energy is considered as one of the important factors for manufacturers to achieve the sustainability objective. To improve energy efficiency in manufacturing, optimization techniques are essential to provide decision support. However, formulating and solving energy optimization in manufacturing is still time-consuming and difficult due to its complexity with a broad scope. In addition, it is a challenging task since it requires substantial development efforts and modeling expertise. To address this drawback, Sustainable Process Analytics Formalism (SPAF) is proposed to facilitate the modeling and optimization. In this paper, SPAF will be applied to a case study of energy optimization for a book binding production system for its feasibility validation. The knowledge of process flow, data, and metrics of the case study is represented using SPAF, and a preliminary analysis of optimization results was performed.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Nonrandom structural and numerical chromosome changes in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Cytogenetic studies were performed on 27 tumor cell lines (most of which were derived from metastatic lesions) and four fresh malignant pleural and pericardia! effusions from 30 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (non-SCLC). Many clonal structural (deletions and nonreciprocal translations) and numerical abnormalities were found in each specimen. Statistical analysis revealed these changes were nonrandomly distributed among the chromosomes. A statistically significant number of chromosomal breakpoints were seen in regions 1 q 1, 1 q3, 3p1, 3p2, 3q1, 3q2, 7q1, 13p1, 14p1, 15p1, and 17q1 when the regions were compared to the total haploid complement. In addition, when a given region was compared to other regions within the same chromosome, statistically significant numbers of breakpoints were noted for regions 1q3, 5q1, 7q1, 13p1, 14p1, 15p1, 16q2, 17q1, and 21p1. Specific chromosome bands showing the most frequent involvement in structural abnormalities were (in descending order) 3p 14.2, 3q21, 19q13, 11p15, 1q11, 7q111, 1q21, 3p23, and 3p21. The breakpoints indicate areas to look for new dominant oncogenes activated by translocations, while the areas of deletions and loss of material by nonreciprocal translocations highlight areas to search for recessive oncogenes. These cytogenetic studies represent strong evidence that multiple genetic lesions are associated with the development of metastatic lung cancer, and provide a roadmap to search for new genes involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
Spin-spin scattering in a silicon two-dimensional electron gas.

The scattering of conduction electrons by neutral impurities in Si has been demonstrated through measurements of spin-dependent transport (SDT) in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). SDT was observed by monitoring the conductivity of a specially fabricated Si accumulation layer transistor operating at 4 K while modulating the electron-spin populations. By utilizing the differences in the singlet and triplet state scattering cross sections, the technique provides the first direct measure of neutral impurity scattering
Scientific Method in Practice

What is science? How does it work? Scientists seldom consider such questions, preferring to leave these abstractions to philosophers or historians. But many scientists might ask a question only slightly less abstract: “How can I be more effective as a scientist?” No answer is possible without understanding what science is. Enter Hugh Gauch with Scientific Method in Practice. His goals are to help scientists become better at their work and to provide a perspective on science.
Neurokinin B Induces c-fos Transcription via Protein Kinase C and Activation of Serum Response Factor and Elk-1 in Immortalized GnRH Neurons

Mutations in neurokinin B (NKB) and its receptor, NK3R, were identified in human patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a disorder characterized by lack of puberty and infertility. Further studies have suggested that NKB acts at the level of the hypothalamus to control GnRH neuron activity, either directly or indirectly. We recently reported that treatment with senktide, a NK3R agonist, induced GnRH secretion and expression of c-fos mRNA in GT1-7 cells. Here, we map the responsive region in the murine c-fos promoter to between −400 and −200 bp, identify the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) (−345) and serum response element (−310) sites as required for induction, a modulatory role for the Ets site (−318), and show that induction is protein kinase C dependent. Using gel shift and Gal4 assays, we further show that phosphorylation of Elk-1 leads to binding to DNA in complex with serum response factor at serum response element and Ets sites within the c-fos promoter. Thus, we determine molecular mechanisms involved in NKB regulation of c-fos induction, which may play a role in modulation of GnRH neuron activation.
Antiferromagnetic Bias in the Interlayer Magnetic Coupling

The interlayer coupling for thin spacer layers is predominantly antiferromagnetic in some metallic multilayered structures. We interpret this tendency towards antiferromagnetism to arise from a competition between RKKY-like and superexchange contributions to the coupling. For a free-electron gas with no structure in the density of states above the Fermi level there is a complete cancellation of these contributions, so that coupling derived from the s-d model is indistinguishable from a point contact spin-dependent scattering potential. However, in real solids the non-cancellation of the non-oscillatory parts of these two contributions, i.e. antiferromagnetic bias, can arise from the structure of the density of states of the spacer layer close to the Fermi surface.
Global/local methods for probabilistic structural analysis

A probabilistic global/local method is proposed to reduce the computational requirements of probabilistic structural analysis. A coarser global model is used for most of the computations with a local more refined model used only at key probabilistic conditions. The global model is used to establish the cumulative distribution function (cdf) and the Most Probable Point (MPP). The local model then uses the predicted MPP to adjust the cdf value. The global/local method is used within the advanced mean value probabilistic algorithm. The local model can be more refined with respect to the g1obal model in terms of finer mesh, smaller time step, tighter tolerances, etc. and can be used with linear or nonlinear models. The basis for this approach is described in terms of the correlation between the global and local models which can be estimated from the global and local MPPs. A numerical example is presented using the NESSUS probabilistic structural analysis program with the finite element method used for the structural modeling. The results clearly indicate a significant computer savings with minimal loss in accuracy.
Radial Glial Dependent and Independent Dynamics of Interneuronal Migration in the Developing Cerebral Cortex

Interneurons originating from the ganglionic eminence migrate tangentially into the developing cerebral wall as they navigate to their distinct positions in the cerebral cortex. Compromised connectivity and differentiation of interneurons are thought to be an underlying cause in the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. Previously, it was suggested that tangential migration of interneurons occurs in a radial glia independent manner. Here, using simultaneous imaging of genetically defined populations of interneurons and radial glia, we demonstrate that dynamic interactions with radial glia can potentially influence the trajectory of interneuronal migration and thus the positioning of interneurons in cerebral cortex. Furthermore, there is extensive local interneuronal migration in tangential direction opposite to that of pallial orientation (i.e., in a medial to lateral direction from cortex to ganglionic eminence) all across the cerebral wall. This counter migration of interneurons may be essential to locally position interneurons once they invade the developing cerebral wall from the ganglionic eminence. Together, these observations suggest that interactions with radial glial scaffold and localized migration within the expanding cerebral wall may play essential roles in the guidance and placement of interneurons in the developing cerebral cortex.
Cyclin B, p34CDC2 kinase and tyrosine kinase appear to regulate enterocyte proliferation and maturation in the jejunum. † 738

Cyclin B and CDC2 kinase are important regulators in the process of cell replication mainly in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle.In the intestine crypt(CPT) enterocytes are replicating while lower villus (LV) are maturating and upper villus (UV) are being shed (probably by apoptosis). We investigated the interrelation of cyclin B,CDC2 kinase, ODC and Tyr K in isolated jejunal enterocytes of streptozotocin diabetic (D) and diflouromethylornithine (DFMO) treated D rats. DFMO, an irreversible inhibitor of ODC was administered in drinking water. Cyclin B and CDC2 kinase activity were determined by immunoprecipitation technique using Histone (H1) as a substrate. DFMO significantly (p<0.05) suppressed jejunal mucosal growth (wt,mg/cm: D 73, D+DFMO 51; DNA μg/mg tissue: D 47 and D+DFMO 21).In D rats activity of cyclin B, p34CDC2 kinase, ODC as well as activity of Tyr K showed a gradient with highest values in the proliferating CPT and lowest values in the shedding UV enterocytes.DFMO decreased activity of cyclin B, p34CDC2 kinase, ODC and of Tyr K in all the isolated enterocytes. The above findings suggest that cylin B and p32CDC2 kinase activity dierectly correlates to ODC and Tyr K activty in the isolated enterocytes and could be important regulators of enterocyte replication (CPT), maturation (LV) and shedding (UV, possibly by apoptosis).Funded by University of Louisville,Louisville, KY.Figure
THE FUTURE OF GERIATRIC AND INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATION

Support for geriatric and interdisciplinary education has increased recently for philosophical, clinical, and economic reasons. In medical education programs, trainees, and funding (mostly federal and university) has increased. However, programs are largely elective, reach few medical trainees, are carried by few and junior faculty, and are peripheral because of their novelty and unstable funding. The range of geriatric education is illustrated. Nonmedical health professions also have increased geriatric education, and are more likely to make it required and pervasive, led by more senior faculty. But they, too, face the lack of trained educators, negative faculty and student attitudes, and lack of funding and institutional support. The future of geriatric education is mixed, with an increase in social recognition and support, but with uncertain public funding and reluctant acceptance by conservative clinical schools and professions. Interdisciplinary education in geriatrics is supported by the complexity ...
A School-Based Mindfulness Pilot Study for Ethnically Diverse At-Risk Adolescents.

Adolescence is a critical period for intervention with at-risk youth to promote emotional well-being, deter problematic behavior, and prevent the onset of life-long challenges. Despite preliminary evidence supporting mindfulness interventions for at-risk youth, few studies have included implementation details or reported feasibility and acceptance in ethnically diverse at-risk adolescents in a school setting. We conducted a randomized pilot study of a school-based mindfulness program, Learning to BREATHE, with ethnically diverse at-risk adolescents. Twenty-seven students were randomly assigned to a mindfulness or substance abuse control class that occurred for 50 min, once a week, over one school semester. Adjustments were made to increase acceptability of the mindfulness class, including enhanced instructor engagement in school activities. Reductions in depression were seen for students in the mindfulness class compared to controls. Initially, students’ perceived credibility of the mindfulness class was lower than that of the substance abuse class. Over the semester, perceived credibility of the mindfulness class increased while that of the substance abuse class decreased. Qualitative acceptability measures revealed that the mindfulness class helped to relieve stress and that students favored continuing the class. This study provides practical knowledge about what works with this unique population in a school setting and offers suggestions for future studies.
What Historians Reveal about Labor and Free Trade in Latin America

How can the study of experiences of workers in previous free-trade regimes inform scholars about the likely outcomes for labor in today's market reforms? This article explores labor during the seco...
Thermal aspects of a shipboard integrated electric power system

Development and validation of a dynamic model focused on thermal aspects of the integrated propulsion system (IPS) on a notional all-electric ship (AES) is presented. This model serves as a baseline for investigation of thermal management technologies and architectures focused on identifying tradeoffs, improving system-level efficiency, and increasing the performance of an AES. The IPS model includes component models for gas turbine engines, synchronous generators, motor converters, propulsion motors, fixed-pitch propellers, and a ship hull. These component models are integrated into a system-level simulation and dynamic results for a ship-maneuver called a “crash-back” are presented. The resulting thermal-mechanical dynamics are discussed in depth.
Effective intra-organizational information exchange:

Advanced information technologies (ITs) have prompted many organizations to invest in distributed computing systems and to decentralize the management of information. However, today’s organization requires effective information-exchange to bridge costly information gaps between different decision-makers or teams controlling isolated databases. Networking technologies and groupware applications have the potential to facilitate collaboration, but cannot guarantee information sharing. It is unrealistic to expect that technology alone can induce unwilling managers to part with privately held information. While an economic perspective would recommend contracts or transfer pricing as solutions to the problem, we suggest harnessing the power of organizational culture in promoting effective information flows across the organization. Using a game theoretic approach, we show how elements of organizational culture, involving the values of permanence, trust, teamwork and credibility, combined with appropriate reward ...
Multifrequency calorimetry of the folding/unfolding transition of cytochrome c

The folding-unfolding transition of Fe(III) cytochrome c has been studied with the new technique of multifrequency calorimetry. Multifrequency calorimetry is aimed at measuring directly the dynamics of the energetic events that take place during a thermally induced transition by measuring the frequency dispersion of the heat capacity. This is done by modulating the folding/unfolding equilibrium using a variable frequency, small oscillatory temperature perturbation (approximately 0.05–0.1 degrees C) centered at the equilibrium temperature of the system. Fe(III) cytochrome c at pH 4 undergoes a fully reversible folding/unfolding transition centered at 67.7 degrees C and characterized by an enthalpy change of 81 kcal/mol and heat capacity difference between unfolded and folded states of 0.9 kcal/K*mol. By measuring the temperature dependence of the frequency dispersion of the heat capacity in the frequency range of 0.1–1 Hz it has been possible to examine the time regime of the enthalpic events associated with the transition. The multifrequency calorimetry results indicate that approximately 85% of the excess heat capacity associated with the folding/unfolding transition relaxes with a single relaxation time of 326 +/- 68 ms at the midpoint of the transition region. This is the first time that the time regime in which heat is absorbed and released during protein folding/unfolding has been measured.
Robust transmission of 3D geometry over lossy networks

This paper describes a robust mechanism for transmitting 3D meshes over the Internet. TCP/IP is an excellent means for reliable transport over the Internet. However, multi-user, real-time graphics applications may find TCP transmission disadvantageous when reception of a mesh is time-critical. To improve speed one could use an unreliable transmission protocol. Yet typical mesh compression schemes increase the fragility of the mesh to lossy transmission. In this paper, we develop a hybrid method of transmitting meshes over the Internet, built upon progressive mesh [17] technology. The hybrid method transmits important visual detail in a lossless manner, but trades off loss of visually less important detail for transmission speed. Tests of the method in a lossy network environment show that the method improves the transmission time of the mesh with little degradation in quality.
Convection does not govern plasma to dialysate transport of protein

Convection does not govern plasma to dialysate transport of protein. The dependence of protein clearance on molecular size during peritoneal dialysis can be explained by assuming that either convection or diffusion is the major mechanism governing plasma to dialysate transport of protein. If convection is the predominant transport mechanism, then plasma-to-dialysate transport rates for protein should not decrease when the protein concentration in the instilled dialysis solution is increased. In the present study, plasma-to-dialysate transport rates for fluorescein-labeled protein tracers, α-lactalbumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG), were determined during a six hour isotonic exchange (25 ml/kg) in New Zealand White rabbits. The protein tracers were continuously infused into the bloodstream to keep plasma concentrations relatively constant, and transperitoneal transport rates were determined either with or without tracer protein added to the instilled dialysis solution. Plasma-to-dialysate transport rates were greater for α-lactalbumin than for IgG as expected based on the molecular size of these proteins. Transport rates for both α-lactalbumin and IgG decreased when tracer protein was added to the instilled dialysis solution. The present observations do not support convection as the major mechanism governing plasma to dialysate transport of protein during peritoneal dialysis.
Britannia's Issue: The Rise of British Literature from Dryden to Ossian

Acknowledgments and editorial notes Introduction: an overview of scope and method Part I. Contexts: Intellectual, Psychological and National: Prologue to part I 1. Moderns, ancients and the secular: the limits of southern hegemony 2. The spiritual: truth was not the inclination of the first ages 3. An ambition to excel 4. The making of a modern canon Part II. Texts Within Contexts. Essaying England: Our Genius, Our Clime: Prologue to part II 5. Dryden's 'Essay of Dramatick Poesie': the poetics of nationalism 6. Homeric wars 7. The 'Pax Romana' and the 'Pax Britannica': the ethics of war and the ethics of trade 8. 'Windsor Forest' and 'The Rape of the Lock' Part III. Growing One's Own: The British Ode From Cowley to Gray: Prologue to part III 9. Greek jockeys and British heroes: the rise and fall of the Pindaric ode 10. Odes to the nation and the north: Dryden, Collins and Gray Part IV. Expanding the Borders. Jews and Jesus: This Israel, This England: Prologue to part IV 11. The house of David and the house of St. George: philosemitism, Hebrews and Handel 12. Beyond the Hebrew leaven: smart and the God in Christ Part V. Celts, Germans and Scots: Towards a United Kingdom: Prologue to part V 13. Celtic Scotland 14. Ossian in Scotland, Great Britain and modern Europe: joining Britannia's issue 15. Conclusion. Synthesizing all the nations under heaven Appendix: the text of Handel's 'Israel in Egypt' Index.
An internet culture?: Implications for marketing

Abstract The internet is explored in light of its ability to enhance cross-cultural communications. The internet exhibits many of the characteristics of a culture and as such can be used by marketers for enhancing meaning transfer between national cultures. We present the concept of a bridge culture as exhibited by the internet and discuss the implications of such a phenomenon for marketers in terms of interactive international communication.
OPTIMAL ALGORITHMS FOR SUBSTRATE TESTING IN MULTI-CHIP MODULES

Multi-chip module (MCM) packaging techniques present several new technical challenges, notably substrate testing. We formulate MCM substrate testing as a problem of connectivity verification in trees via k-probes, and present a linear-time algorithm which computes a minimum set of probes achieving complete open fault coverage. Since actual substrate testing also involves scheduling probe operations, we formulate efficient probe scheduling as a special type of metric traveling salesman optimization and give a provably-good heuristic. Empirical results using both random and industry benchmarks demonstrate reductions in testing costs of up to 21% over previous methods. We conclude with generalizations to alternate probe technologies and several open problems.
Pellagra: dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea.

Pellagra defines systemic disease as resulting from a marked cellular deficiency of niacin. It is characterized by 4 “D’s”: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death. Diagnosis of pellagra is difficult in the absence of the skin lesions, and is often facilitated by the presence of characteristic ones. The dermatitis begins as an erythema. Acute pellagra resembles sunburn in its first stages, but tanning occurs more slowly than typically in sunburn. Exacerbation follows re-exposure to sunlight. In this work we review the findings of this once mysterious disorder, one that still challenges clinicians world-wide.
A carbon nanotube/cement composite with piezoresistive properties

This paper studies the piezoresistive property of the CNT/cement composite to explore its feasibility as an embedded stress sensor for civil structures such as roadways, levees and bridges. The experimental results show that the electrical resistance of the CNT/cement composite changes with the compressive stress level, indicating the potential of using the CNT/cement composite as a stress sensor for civil structures. The piezoresistive responses of the composite with different fabrication methods and CNT doping levels were also studied. It is found that dispersion-assistant surfactants could block the contacts among carbon nanotubes, thus impairing the piezoresistive response of the composite, while a higher CNT doping level could improve the sensitivity of the composite stress response.
Biophysical Coupling Mechanisms in NMDA Receptor Gating

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are heterotetrameric glutamate-gated ion channels, typically composed of 2 GluN1 and 2 GluN2 subunits. The central function of NMDARs is gating - the process of converting agonist binding energy into pore opening by repositioning M3, the major pore-lining transmembrane helix. For glutamate receptors, it is largely assumed, though lacking direct evidence, that gating occurs through tension: ligand-binding domain (LBD) closure around an agonist generates tension in the linkers connecting the LBD to M3 (the M3-S2 linker), shifting M3 away from the central pore axis. To directly test this model, we altered the tension of the GluN1 and GluN2A M3-S2 linkers through residue insertions (to decrease tension) or deletions (to increase tension). Based on single-channel analyses, we find that these manipulations specifically affect pore opening (as opposed to ligand binding) and that they alter gating more dramatically in GluN2A than in GluN1. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations on a modeled GluN1/GluN2A receptor showed that this subunit-specific difference may arise, in part, from the disparate extensions and orientations of the GluN1 vs GluN2A M3-S2 linkers. Our functional data also suggests that the GluN1 M3-S2 linker gates primarily through tension. using rate equilibrium free energy relationship (REFER) analysis and length-tension analysis, we find that for the GluN1 M3-S2 linker, tension arises primarily during the C1-O1 transition (assuming a linear kinetic scheme) with a spring constant of ∼7.2 pN/nm, agreeing well with other biological springs. In contrast, our functional data suggests that mechanisms other than tension mainly mediate the role of the GluN2A M3-S2 linker in gating. Alternative mechanisms may include twisting and changes in electrostatic interactions.
Synthesis of purely dielectric transient lenses

It is shown that the generalized form of a TEM plane wave involving inhomogeneous constitutive parameters can be used for the formal fields for synthesizing lens designs based on differential-geometric scaling. This will allow one to have purely dielectric lenses (with free space permeability), and will provide an extra degree of freedom in lens design. It is also shown that guided TEM waves can be propagated in inhomogeneous isotropic media with permittivity proportional to /spl Psi//sup -2/, where /spl Psi/ is the cylindrical radius. Also, very general conductor cross sections can be specified, which allows for the construction of dispersionless bends in high-voltage transmission systems in which the pulse rise time is small compared to transit times across the transmission line (e.g. coax) cross section, a matter of importance for applications in high-power pulse generation and antenna design and for low-loss transmission lines.
From Pumps to Propellers: Developing an Aircraft Design Course for Mechanical Engineering Students

This papers discusses ongoing development of an aircraft design course designed for mechanical engineering students. Almost without exception, aerospace engineering departments operate in conjunction, collaboration, or coexistence with mechanical engineering departments at most major American universities. On the other hand, the majority of mechanical engineering departments operate alone; i.e., without aerospace engineering departments, thus limiting the undergraduate curricula to traditional mechanical engineering topics. Also, 23 states do not ofier any form of accredited education in aerospace engineering, restricting native students of those states interested in this fleld to either seeking education outside of their home state (often not an option) or being content with something \close enough," often times mechanical engineering. A previous paper (Jacob, 2000) discussed difierent means of introducing aerospace engineering oriented education into a mechanical engineering undergraduate program, including course design, extracurricular activities, and research. This paper focuses on the development aspects of a course in aircraft and spacecraft design oriented towards mechanical engineering students. Experiences encountered during the introduction of an aerospace course in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the University of Kentucky are used as input.
Functional Interactions between Unlinked Muscle Genes within Haploinsufficient Regions of the Drosophila Genome

Mutations in 13 genes affecting muscle development in Drosophila have been examined in pairwise combinations for evidence of genetic interactions. Heterozygous combinations of mutations in five genes, including the gene coding for myosin heavy chain, result in more severe phenotypes than respective single heterozygous mutant controls. The various mutant interactions include examples showing allele-specific intergenic interactions, gene specific interactions, and allele-specific intragenic complementations, suggesting that some interactions result from the manner in which mutant gene products associate. Interactions that result from alterations in "+" gene copy number were also uncovered, suggesting that normal myofibril development requires that the relative amounts of respective gene products produced be tightly regulated. The importance of the latter parameter is substantiated by the finding that all five interacting loci map to disperse haploinsufficient or haplolethal regions of the genome. The implications of the present findings are discussed in relation to pursuing the phenomena involving genetic interactions to identify new genes encoding interacting myofibrillar proteins, to examine the nature of intermolecular interactions in mutant and normal development and to decipher the quantitative and temporal regulation of a large family of functionally related gene products.
Grain Boundaries in High Thermal Conductivity Aluminum Nitride.

The benefits of A1N as a substrate material for the electronics packaging industry appear to be limited by the deleterious effects of boundaries in the polycrystalline material. Some observations on different types of boundary in A1N using several complementary techniques are reported.
A hypergraph-based learning algorithm for classifying gene expression and arrayCGH data with prior knowledge

Motivation: Incorporating biological prior knowledge into predictive models is a challenging data integration problem in analyzing high-dimensional genomic data. We introduce a hypergraph-based semi-supervised learning algorithm called HyperPrior to classify gene expression and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH) data using biological knowledge as constraints on graph-based learning. HyperPrior is a robust two-step iterative method that alternatively finds the optimal labeling of the samples and the optimal weighting of the features, guided by constraints encoding prior knowledge. The prior knowledge for analyzing gene expression data is that cancer-related genes tend to interact with each other in a protein–protein interaction network. Similarly, the prior knowledge for analyzing arrayCGH data is that probes that are spatially nearby in their layout along the chromosomes tend to be involved in the same amplification or deletion event. Based on the prior knowledge, HyperPrior imposes a consistent weighting of the correlated genomic features in graph-based learning. Results: We applied HyperPrior to test two arrayCGH datasets and two gene expression datasets for both cancer classification and biomarker identification. On all the datasets, HyperPrior achieved competitive classification performance, compared with SVMs and the other baselines utilizing the same prior knowledge. HyperPrior also identified several discriminative regions on chromosomes and discriminative subnetworks in the PPI, both of which contain cancer-related genomic elements. Our results suggest that HyperPrior is promising in utilizing biological prior knowledge to achieve better classification performance and more biologically interpretable findings in gene expression and arrayCGH data. Availability: http://compbio.cs.umn.edu/HyperPrior Contact: kuang@cs.umn.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at bioinformatics online.