cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagram Approach to the Plane-wave Electromagnetic Wave Impedance

The impedance function determined for electromagnetic plane waves impinging upon a horizontally-stratified earth can be expressed in terms of an infinite series. Each term in the series represents primary and/or primary plus multiple reflections from interfaces of conductivity contrasts in the earth. A methodology is outlined for determining terms in the summation where the terms are obtained from diagrams representing the reflection terms. The terms in the sum are transformed into the time domain using a cosine transform. The transform of the real part of the impedance function, normalized by the transform of the uniform earth response for the upper most layer, is found to be quite useful in analysis of magnetotelluric type data. The character of the resultant function can be interpreted in terms of electromagnetic wave reflections, primary and multiples, from horizontal boundaries where there ’ conductivity contrast. Peaks in the norA:lizeda impedance function are identified as due to twoway travel of the electromagnetic wave in the earth. However due to dispersion, the peaks broaden for increasing time
General in-place scheduling for the Viterbi algorithm

It is shown how to find in-place schedules for all kinds of trellises, including periodic and aperiodic in-place schedules. It is also shown how to verify the existence of aperiodic and periodic in-place schedules. With this in-place scheduling, one can improve data locality and thus reduce interprocessor communication bandwidths. This means a smaller overhead in chip routing area or communication cycles. The methods also apply to general parallel processing with trellis-like computational graphs. >
Manufacturing Microwave and RF Test Equipment To Meet The Requirements of ISO 9002

ISO 9002 specifies quality system requirements which must be met in order to demonstrate a supplier?s capability to control processes that determine the acceptability of products supplied to a customer. These requirements are designed to detect and prevent any non-conformity during manufacturing and installation. In practice, ISO 9002 requires a supplier to establish the intent, implementation, and effectiveness of their quality system. The quality system includes all procedures, personnel, and resources involved in insuring that products meet their published specifications. The Microwave Instrument Division (MID) of Hewlett-Packard Co. achieved ISO 9002 registration in April, 1993. This paper explains how registration was achieved, with special emphasis on the testing of products.
The chloride channel's appendix.

All CLC proteins transport Cl− across membranes. However, the family includes both Cl− channels and Cl−/H+ antiporters, proteins once thought to operate by dramatically different mechanisms. An apparent evolutionary relic, a proton-transport apparatus in a CLC channel, reveals deep intertwinings between channel and transporter mechanisms.
Orientation-Controlled Alignment of Axially Modulated pn Silicon Nanowires

We demonstrate orientation-controlled alignment of axially modulated pn SiNWs by applying dc electric fields across metal electrodes. The as-aligned pn SiNWs exhibit rectifying behaviors with a 97.7% yield, and about 35% of them exhibit no hysteresis in their current−voltage curves that can be directly used to construct AND/OR logic gates. Moreover, the as-aligned pn SiNWs can be packaged either with polydimethylsiloxane or additional metal layer to protect and even improve the quality of these NW diodes.
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of dilute polymer solutions in flow

Modern materials processing applications and technologies often occur far from equilibrium. To this end, the processing of complex materials such as polymer melts and nanocomposites generally occurs under strong deformations and flows, conditions under which equilibrium thermodynamics does not apply. As a result, the ability to determine the nonequilibrium thermodynamic properties of polymeric materials from measurable quantities such as heat and work is a major challenge in the field. Here, we use work relations to show that nonequilibrium thermodynamic quantities such as free energy and entropy can be determined for dilute polymer solutions in flow. In this way, we determine the thermodynamic properties of DNA molecules in strong flows using a combination of simulations, kinetic theory, and single molecule experiments. We show that it is possible to calculate polymer relaxation timescales purely from polymer stretching dynamics in flow. We further observe a thermodynamic equivalence between nonequilibrium and equilibrium steady-states for polymeric systems. In this way, our results provide an improved understanding of the energetics of flowing polymer solutions.
Apollo 14 inverted pigeonites: possible samples of lunar plutonic rocks

Analysis of 'inverted pigeonites' found in Apollo 14 samples 14082 and 14083 (a polymict breccia, the 'white rock') by a combination of optical, electron probe, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. These 'inverted pigeonites' are regarded as samples of plutonic rocks that have been blasted out of the Imbrium Basin. It is also concluded that lunar pigeonites will invert to orthopyroxenes, given sufficiently slow cooling histories even in very anhydrous environments.
Low-molecular-weight heparin in the management of Trousseau's syndrome.

BACKGROUND Thrombophlebitis migrans is a major cause of morbidity in approximately 11% of patients with cancer. Thrombosis may predate the appearance of malignancy, and patients with thrombosis often respond poorly to warfarin. METHODS Four patients with extensive thrombosis and cancer are described in this article. Enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, was administered subcutaneously to these patients for 5, 6, 26, and 27 months, respectively. The literature on the management of Trousseau's syndrome was reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS All four patients remained free of venous thromboembolism while being treated with low-molecular-weight heparin, acutely and during follow-up. Previously published studies suggest that therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin results in lower mortality than standard heparin therapy. CONCLUSIONS Further study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin for both prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolism in association with malignancy may lead to decreased morbidity and better quality of life for patients with this disorder. Cancer 1997; 80:649-55. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Photo-enhanced production of the spin adduct 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide/.OH in aqueous menadione solutions.

Abstract The production of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline- N -oxide (DMPO)/·OH in aqueous solutions of menadione and DMPO is enhanced by fluorescent room light. The formation of DMPO/·OH requires oxygen and water, is enhanced by superoxide dismutase, and occurs to a much smaller extent for benzoquinone than for menadione. This process is assigned as photo-initiated redox cycling of the menadione, which causes oxidation of DMPO to DMPO +· and reduction of oxygen to superoxide. DMPO +· reacts with water to produce DMPO/·OH. Although DMPO/·OOH was not observed in the menadione solutions, the possibility that some of the DMPO/·OH was produced by decomposition of DMPO/·OOH cannot be ruled out. There is no evidence for participation of hydroxyl radicals. Because benzosemiquinone is less readily oxidized than the semiquinone of menadione, redox cycling is less favorable for benzoquinone than for menadione and smaller quantities of DMPO/·OH are produced by photoexcitation of benzoquinone than of menadione.
The Bacillus subtilis ydjL (bdhA) gene encodes acetoin reductase/2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase

Bacillus subtilis is capable of producing 2,3-butanediol from acetoin by fermentation, but to date, the gene encoding the enzyme responsible, acetoin reductase/2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (AR/BDH), has remained unknown. A search of the B. subtilis genome database with the amino acid sequences of functional AR/BDHs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus cereus resulted in the identification of a highly similar protein encoded by the B. subtilis ydjL gene. A knockout strain carrying a ydjL::cat insertion mutation was constructed, which (i) abolished 2,3-butanediol production in early stationary phase, (ii) produced no detectable AR or BDH activity in vitro, and (iii) accumulated the precursor acetoin in early stationary phase. The ydjL::cat mutation also affected the kinetics of lactate but not acetate production during stationary-phase cultivation with glucose under oxygen limitation. A very small amount of 2,3-butanediol was detected in very-late-stationary-phase (96-hour) cultures of the ydjL::cat mutant, suggesting the existence of a second gene encoding a minor AR activity. From the data, it is proposed that the major AR/BDH-encoding gene ydjL be renamed bdhA.
Clinical profile and outcome of restrictive cardiomyopathy in children

Abstract The clinical profile and outcome of idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy in a group of eight children are reviewed. There were six girls and two boys. Age at presentation was 4.0 ± 2.6 years (range 1.3 to 9.5 years). All patients had evidence of congestive heart failure with systemic venous congestion. Right or left atrial enlargement was the most consistent ECG finding and was present in all patients. Left ventricular shortening fraction was normal in five patients, increased in two, and mildly reduced in one. The most striking echocardiographic feature was severe biatrial dilatation in the presence of normal or near-normal ventricular cavity dimensions. Marked elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was noted in all seven patients undergoing cardiac catheterization (34 ± 7 torr; range 24 to 40 torr). Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was elevated but significantly different from left ventricular pressure (18 ± 7 torr; p
Developing a clinician-friendly aphasia test.

Purpose The Kentucky Aphasia Test (KAT) is an objective measure of language functioning for persons with aphasia. This article describes materials, administration, and scoring of the KAT; presents ...
Revision total shoulder arthroplasty for painful glenoid arthrosis after humeral head replacement: the posttraumatic shoulder

Background Patients treated with humeral head replacement (HHR) may require revision to total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) due to glenoid arthrosis. This study characterizes the outcomes of revision TSA in patients who initially underwent HHR for nontraumatic glenohumeral arthritis. Methods From 1982 to 2005, 68 shoulders underwent revision TSA for glenoid arthrosis. The initial HHR was performed for non–fracture-related arthritis. Revisions were grouped according to complexity for analysis. Stem revision and soft tissue reconstruction were assessed in relation to outcome. Results Pain scores decreased from 4.4 to 2.8, abduction increased from 85° to 116°, external rotation increased from 36° to 48°, and internal rotation remained unchanged. Survivorship free of repeat revision was 95.6%, 84.1%, and 72.9% at 1, 5, and 10 years. The Neer rating yielded 20 excellent, 10 satisfactory, and 38 unsatisfactory outcomes. No differences in motion, survivorship, or the Neer rating occurred between groups by procedure complexity. There was, however, less reduction in pain for the group requiring a humeral stem revision. Of the 9 shoulders with postoperative instability, 7 had compromised soft tissues preoperatively. Conclusions Revision TSA after HHR results in decreased pain and increased motion. Result ratings, however, are quite variable and, in many cases, unsatisfactory. Stratification of the procedures according to complexity does not demonstrate differences in motion, satisfaction, or survivorship. Stem revision, however, results in reduced pain score improvement. Coexisting instability associated with subscapularis and anterior shoulder capsule damage may not be correctable using an unconstrained shoulder arthroplasty.
Newly discovered archaebacterial flap endonucleases show a structure-specific mechanism for DNA substrate binding and catalysis resembling human flap endonuclease-1

Mammalian flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1) is a structure-specific metalloenzyme that acts in processing of both the Okazaki fragments during lagging strand DNA synthesis and flap intermediates during DNA damage repair. We identified and cloned three open reading frames encoding a flap endonuclease fromArchaeglobus fulgidus, Methanococcus jannaschii, and Pyrococcus furiosus, respectively. The deduced FEN-1 protein sequences share approximately 75% similarity with the human FEN-1 nuclease in the conserved nuclease domains, and extensive biochemical experiments indicate that the substrate specificities and catalytic activities of these enzymes have overall similarities with those of the human enzyme. Thus, FEN-1 enzymes and likely reaction mechanisms are conserved across the eukaryotic and archaeal kingdoms. Detailed comparative analysis, however, reveals subtle differences among these four enzymes including distinctive substrate specificity, tolerance of the archaebacterial enzymes for acidic pHs and elevated temperatures, and variations in the metal-ion dependence of substrate cleavage. Although the archaebacterial enzymes were inactive at temperatures below 30 °C, DNA binding occurred at temperatures as low as 4 °C and with or without metal ions. Thus, these archaeal enzymes may provide a means to dissect the specific binding and catalytic mechanisms of the entire FEN-1 family of structure-specific nucleases.
Regulated Expression of Arabidopsis Phosphate Transporters

Phosphorus deficiency is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth. Plants respond to the persistent deficiency of phosphate (Pi) by coordinating the expression of genes involved in alleviation of the stress. The high-affinity Pi transporters are among the major molecular determinants that are activated during Pi stress. In this study, using three reporter genes (green fluorescent protein, luciferase, and β-glucuronidase) regulated by two Pi transporter promoters, we have carried out an extensive analysis of transcriptional and spatial regulation of gene expression. Activation of the genes was rapid, repressible, and specific in response to changes in Pi availability. The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin suppressed the expression of the reporter gene driven by the AtPT1 promoter, and that of the native gene, suggesting that hormones may be involved in regulation of some component(s) of Pi starvation response pathway. These studies also provide molecular evidence for a potential role of high-affinity Pi transporters in mobilizing Pi into reproductive organs. The results suggest that members of the Pi transporter family may have similar but nonredundant functions in plants.
Compact dictionaries for diagnosis of unmodeled faults in scan-BIST

We address the problem of generating compact dictionaries for the diagnosis of unmodeled faults in scan-BIST. We present dictionary organization schemes that provide two orders of magnitude reduction in dictionary size with no significant loss in resolution, and facilitate the diagnosis of unmodeled faults. Experimental results for the ISCAS-89 benchmark circuits show that various types of unmodeled faults can be efficiently located using compact dictionaries generated for single stuck-at-faults.
Transparent space: Law, technology and deliberative democracy in the information society

Abstract The resuscitation of deliberative democracy in the Information Age requires the construction of transparent public spaces ‐ public arenas where power relationships between speakers are discernible and debate ensues according to the rules of civility and reason (conversational transparency). The metaphor of transparency, in the sense of legal accountability, also connects the role of communications regulation to the development of democratic political culture (legal transparency). Finally, transparency suggests the power of technology to obscure and hinder as well as help the progress of deliberative democracy (technological transparency).
Mock drug delivery to the proximal aorta during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: central vs peripheral intravenous infusion with varying flush volumes

Objective To compare mock drug deliveries to the proximal aorta during CPR after peripheral vs central i.v. administration when the mock drug is followed by different postinfusion flush volumes. Methods Delivery of indocyanine green (ICG) dye to the proximal aorta of an instrumented 20-kg canine cardiac arrest model was examined. The ICG administration (2.5 mg) preceded either a 2-mL or a 10-mL saline flush, for either a central or a peripheral i.v. route of dye administration. Five dogs each underwent three sets of the four possible route/flush-volume combinations in a stratified randomized order. Real-time dye-absorbance-vs-time curves, as sampled from the proximal aorta, modeled central-circulation drug delivery. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BPs) were monitored, and the absorbance-vs-time curve upstroke phases were used to estimate cardiac output during arrest. Results Times (mean +/- SD) to onset of dye appearance did not differ significantly between peripheral/10 mL (126 +/- 35 sec) and central/10 mL (108 +/- 35 sec), or between central/2 mL (123 +/- 31 sec) and central/10 mL. Times to onset of dye appearance did differ between peripheral/2 mL (161 +/- 70 sec) and central/10 mL [analysis of variance (ANOVA) p = 0.032]. Times to peak dye concentration did not differ significantly between peripheral/10 mL (230 +/- 88 sec) and either central/10 mL (202 +/- 88 sec) or central/2 mL (215 +/- 83 sec), but differed between peripheral/2 mL (326 +/- 134 sec) and every other route/flush-volume combination (ANOVA p = 0.009). Peak dye concentrations and systolic/diastolic BPs (averaging 23/10 for all route/flush-volume combinations) did not differ significantly between any route/flush-volume combinations. Conclusion An adequately sized postinfusion crystalloid flush (0.5 mL/kg) permits peripherally administered model drug to reach the central circulation as quickly and in equivalent concentration as centrally administered drug during CPR in a canine cardiac arrest model.
Identification of Prognostic and Predictive Markers in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. While increasing treatment options have improved outcomes for many patients, they have also complicated decision-making for treatment. Unfortunately, most patients with pancreatic cancer die from their disease. Prognostic and predictive markers could play a role to improve treatment by identifying patients who may or may not require a given therapy, and determining those most likely to benefit from a therapy. At the 2011 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium held in San Francisco, January 2011, several interesting abstracts were presented that focused on prognostic and predictive markers associated with pancreatic adenocarcinomas. These abstracts discuss progress made in identifying molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancers that may provide insight into selection of patients likely to benefit from certain therapies. Image: Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama. Mobile, AL, USA.
The presence and possibility of moral sensibility in beginning pre-service teachers

This paper presents research on the moral sensibility of six pre-service teachers in an undergraduate teacher education program. Using their reflective writing across their first two semesters of coursework as well as focus group interviews in their third semester as sources of data, the paper identifies and describes three distinctive types of moral sensibility and examines ways in which moral sensibility interacts with experiences in teacher education. Suggestions for explicitly incorporating the moral in pre-service teacher education are presented.
Effect of material and geometric parameters on deformations near the notch-tip of a dynamically loaded prenotched plate

We analyze plane strain thermomechanical deformations of a prenotched rectangular plate impacted on one side by a prismatic body of rectangular cross-section and moving parallel to the axis of the notch. Both the plate and the projectile are made of the same material. Strain hardening, strain-rate hardening and thermal softening characteristics of the material are modeled by the Johnson–Cook relation. The effect of different material parameters, notch-tip radius, impact speed and the length of the projectile on the maximum tensile principal stress and the initiation and propagation of adiabatic shear bands at the notch-tip is analyzed. It is found that for high impact speeds or enhanced thermal softening, two shear bands, one at −10° to the notch ligament and the other at −128° to it, propagate from the notch tip. Otherwise, only one shear band nearly parallel to the notch-ligament initiates at the notch-tip. The notch-tip distortion for high strength materials is quite different from that for low strength materials. The maximum tensile principal stress occurs at a point on the upper surface of the notch-tip and for every set of values of material parameters and impact speeds studied equals about 2.3 times the yield stress of the material in a quasistatic simple tension or compression test. We assume that the brittle failure occurs when the maximum tensile principal stress equals twice the yield stress of the material in a quasistatic simple tension test and a shear band initiates when the effective plastic strain at a point equals 0.5. The effect of material and geometric parameters on the time of initiation of each failure mode is computed. It is found that for low impact speeds (<30 m/s) a material will fail due to the maximum tensile principal stress exceeding its limiting value, and at high impact speeds due to the initiation of a shear band at the notch-tip. Results are also computed for a C-300 steel with material parameters given by Zhou et al. For an impact speed of 50 m/s, the shear band speed and the maximum effective plastic strain-rate before a material point melts are found to be 350 m/s and 5×107/s respectively.
Comparative analysis of microsatellite loci in chicken and turkey.

Cross-species amplification of 520 chicken microsatellite markers was tested by polymerase chain reaction with genomic DNA of the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Each primer pair was tested at six di...
The Social Structure of Experience

IN many contemporary philosophical writings, what is most surprising to me is not the things asserted, nor those denied, but those not even mentioned (or barely mentioned as of no importance). Several of these slighted topics are summed up in the title of this essay. At the age of twenty, when I was not reading any technical philosophers, nor any author (unless a poet or two) who held an essentially social view of experience, I attempted to persuade myself of the adequacy of a non-social view, expressed partly in a self-interest theory of motivation, and partly in an idea of perception as experience of things not themselves constituted by any sort of experiences. So far from succeeding in this attempt, I began to find reasons for regarding both motivation and perception as manifestations of a single principle, that of the overlapping or inter-individual unity of minds, not simply of human minds, but of mind on various levels of nature, including inorganic nature. This overlapping I thought I found in experience itself, and not merely through speculation or postulation. Subsequent reading in philosophy has not shown me a basic error in this early philosophizing, but only a vagueness and blurring of distinctions which, when taken into account, strengthen rather than weaken the case. It seems plain that many of my colleagues have not gone through any such reflections as the above, and have only the faintest idea that anyone else has. It is chiefly for their benefit-if that is the word -that this article is written. It will appear in due time that while the position I present is not fashionable, it is not merely eccentric either, but represents a substantial tradition, though one whose clearest expositors are mostly fairly recent, albeit currently somewhat neglected. These predecessors-for me almost all subsequent discoveries-appear to have reached their convictions by something like the reflection upon direct experience, the phenomenologizing, referred to above. It is such reflection upon concrete experience
Phylogeography of Microtus longicaudus in the tectonically and glacially dynamic central Rocky Mountains

Abstract The central Rocky Mountain region of North America lies at the biogeographic crossroads of the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and Great Basin. Here, we examine genetic patterns in an abundant, widely distributed, and ecologically important rodent species, the long-tailed vole (Microtus longicaudus), across this climatically and tectonically dynamic landscape. We examine patterns of genetic diversity in relation to the species' overall phylogeographic distribution using mitochondrial cytochrome-b sequences from modern, historic, ancient, and published samples. Our analyses reveal extensive genetic diversity in the central Rockies, a lack of population structure, and a lack of concordance between genetic and morphological subspecies distributions. Patterns of genetic variation in late-Holocene and modern populations are similar. We conclude that geographical features such as the Continental Divide, previously isolated glacial cover, and major rivers do not result in persistent genetic structure wit...
A worldwide view of field education structures and curricula

This worldwide study of field instruction provides comparative data about curriculum, field instructors, school-field partnerships and student assignments. While field education is nearly universal...
A novel methodology for statistical parameter extraction

IC manufacturing process variations are typically expressed in terms of joint probability density functions (jpdf's) or as worst case combinations/corners of the device model parameters. However, since device models can only provide approximations to actual device behavior, the difference between the two being the modelling error only a part of the measured variation in device behavior can be modelled using device model parameter variations and the remaining appears as modelling error variation. In this paper we present a novel statistical parameter extraction methodology that accounts for the effect of modelling error on device model parameter statistics and can be used to quantify the statistical suitability of conventional MOS device models.
“REAL-TIME” CLIMATE EVENTS IN THE BORGIA-GROUP CODICES: TESTING ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THE CALENDAR

In the past decade, a number of prominent scholars have attempted to use astronomical data to place the images on page 27 of the Codex Borgia in “real-time.” This method has yielded some interesting results, but all of these authors have assumed that the Codex Borgia was produced in accordance with the Aztec calendar. Given the probable origin of the Codex Borgia in the area bordering the Mixtec and eastern Nahua cultural areas, this assumption needs to be tested. This article compares weather-related images that have associated dates on Borgia 27–28 with tree-ring data and estimated maize yields from the Puebla area. Our research for this paper seems to confirm the use of the Aztec calendar in the Codex Borgia. By analyzing depictions of weather phenomenon relating to maize production, we also offer a fresh analysis of this well-known document, specifically arguing that a major drought is shown in a 1 Rabbit year, whereas the year 1 Flint is linked with a period of dryness following heavy rains, a condition sometimes linked with locust swarms like those on Borgia 27.
Penalized logistic regression for detecting gene interactions

We propose using a variant of logistic regression (LR) with (L)_(2)-regularization to fit gene-gene and gene-environment interaction models. Studies have shown that many common diseases are influenced by interaction of certain genes. LR models with quadratic penalization not only correctly characterizes the influential genes along with their interaction structures but also yields additional benefits in handling high-dimensional, discrete factors with a binary response. We illustrate the advantages of using an (L)_(2)-regularization scheme and compare its performance with that of "multifactor dimensionality reduction" and "FlexTree," 2 recent tools for identifying gene-gene interactions. Through simulated and real data sets, we demonstrate that our method outperforms other methods in the identification of the interaction structures as well as prediction accuracy. In addition, we validate the significance of the factors selected through bootstrap analyses.
A Distinctive New Species of the Myrmecophilous Genus Dentaphila Kistner 1997, and the First Record of the Genus from Australia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)

Abstract A new species of Dentaphila Kistner 1997, D. australis n. sp. (type locality, Wallacha Falls, Northern Queensland, Australia) is described, and habitus and line drawing illustrations are provided for its recognition. The systematic placement of D. australis is discussed, and a detailed comparative discussion outlines similarities and differences between D. australis, D. malaysiensis, the type species of Dentaphila, and D. mirabilis from Hong Kong. This represents the second known record of Dentaphila, and the first occurrence of the genus in Australia.
Not a place, but a project: Bandung, TWAIL, and the Aesthetics of thirdness

“The Third World was not a place. It was a project,” writes Vijay Prashad in his book the Darker Nations: A People’s History of the Third World. Yet the name so often given to that project is also the name of a place: Bandung, the site of the 1955 Asian-African Conference at Bandung regarded as having been the birthplace of both the nonaligned movement and the Third World. In the 60 years since Bandung, as the postcolonial planned state in its original form continues to disappear or disappoint, one might ask what remains of the Bandung Project. Centering on a discussion of two contemporary outcomes of the Bandung Project — the artworks at the Bandung Pavilion at the 9th Shanghai Biennial, and the intellectual movement known as TWAIL (Third World Approaches to International Law) — this essay will both specify and expand upon the sense in which Bandung remains a project subject to constant reinvention. By focusing on alternative lineages of the Bandung project outside the realms of the political and state-based, it will be possible to foreground aesthetic aspects of Bandung, where non-alignment is understood as a kind of “third-ness” and where post-nationalism is evident in a negotiation between site-specificity and trans-locality, and where solidarities are formed not between nation-states but cities and circuits. In this way, the successors expand both the sense of “the project” but also the sense of “place” in what may still be called the Third World.
Preparation and Characterization of a Neutral π-Radical Molecular Conductor

The synthesis and solid-state characterization of the heterocyclic π-radical 1,2,5-thiadiazolo[3,4-b]-1,2,3-dithiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-2-yl, 1,2,3-TDTA, is described. The ESR spectrum of 1,2,3-TDTA (in CH2Cl2, 293 K, g = 2.009) confirms a highly delocalized spin distribution, with observable hyperfine coupling to all five nitrogen atoms of the tricyclic molecule (aN = 0.514, 0.343, 0.109, 0.051, and 0.045 mT). While chemical and electrochemical oxidation (E1/2(ox) = 1.14 V vs SCE) of 1,2,3-TDTA requires relatively harsh conditions, reduction is extremely facile (E1/2(red) = 0.15 V vs SCE). More importantly both the observed cell potential Ecell and computed (MNDO) gas-phase enthalpy ΔHdisp for the disproportionation of this and other 1,2,3-dithiazolyls are significantly lower than those observed for their 1,3,2-isomers. Crystals of 1,2,3-TDTA are monoclinic P21/n, with a = 6.6749(16) A, b = 11.7178(14) A, c = 8.6148(14) A, β = 103.297(16)°, and Z = 4. The crystal structure consists of slipped stacks of head...
Bone marrow concentrate and platelet-rich plasma differ in cell distribution and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist protein concentration

Bone marrow concentrate (BMC) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are used extensively in regenerative medicine. The aim of this study was to determine differences in the cellular composition and cytokine concentrations of BMC and PRP and to compare two commercial BMC systems in the same patient cohort. Patients (29) undergoing orthopaedic surgery were enrolled. Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) was processed to generate BMC from two commercial systems (BMC-A and BMC-B). Blood was obtained to make PRP utilizing the same system as BMC-A. Bone marrow-derived samples were cultured to measure colony-forming units, and flow cytometry was performed to assess mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers. Cellular concentrations were assessed for all samples. Catabolic cytokines and growth factors important for cartilage repair were measured using multiplex ELISA. Colony-forming units were increased in both BMCs compared to BMA (p < 0.0001). Surface markers were consistent with MSCs. Platelet counts were not significantly different between BMC-A and PRP, but there were differences in leucocyte concentrations. TGF-β1 and PDGF were not different between BMC-A and PRP. IL-1ra concentrations were greater (p = 0.0018) in BMC-A samples (13,432 pg/mL) than in PRP (588 pg/mL). The IL-1ra/IL-1β ratio in all BMC samples was above the value reported to inhibit IL-1β. The bioactive factors examined in this study have differing clinical effects on musculoskeletal tissue. Differences in the cellular and cytokine composition between PRP and BMC and between BMC systems should be taken into consideration by the clinician when choosing a biologic for therapeutic application. Clinical, Level II.
Blends of Crystallizable Polybutadiene Isomers

Abstract Precipitated blends of two crystallizable polybutadiene (PBD) isomers were characterized in terms of crystallization and phase behavior, morphology, and tensile mechanical properties. The isomers are syndiotactic 1,2 PBD (Mv=32.5 kg/mol) and trans 1,4 PBD (Mv=425 kg/mol). The blends exhibit heterogeneous behavior over the full range of composition. Using a solvent precipitation method, blends are obtained with heterogeneity on the order of 1 µm. Tensile properties of these semicrystalline blends are generally intermediate between those of the corresponding semicrystalline homopolymers, with some enhancement at approximately 10% 1,2 PBD content. Comparisons are made with previously reported data on amorphous PBD blends.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Rotation Reproduction of Normal Graft Rotation

The purpose of this study was to determine normal rotation of the anterior cruciate ligament and to provide a technique for reproduction of this rotation. Ten fresh- frozen knees were dissected of all soft tissue except for the anterior cruciate ligament. Specimens were se cured in a vise in 60° of flexion. Each tibia was allowed to spin freely on the femur, and rotation was recorded. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions, using bone- patellar tendon-bone grafts, were then performed on all specimens using four graft rotations. Each specimen was then tested to assess how the graft twist affected tibial rotation. The average tibial rotation of the normal anterior cruciate ligaments was 55° internally. Previous descriptions of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruc tions have advocated medial or internal rotation of the graft to reproduce normal anatomic rotation of the an terior cruciate ligament. Our cadaveric dissections have demonstrated that the anterior cruciate ligament normally produces internal ...
Yolk and Yolk Depletion of Gypsy Moth Eggs: Implications for Population Quality,

The quantities of vitellogenin present in large and small gypsy moth [Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae: Lymantria dispar (L.)] eggs were determined serologically. Larvae developing in large eggs have significantly greater yolk resources available during embryological development, and also retain a larger amount of yolk reserve for post-diapause consumption. High temperatures during embryonation and immediately preceding eclosion caused depletion of yolk. High temperatures did not induce depletion during the diapause period. The relationship of yolk to population quality and the possible consequences of yolk depletion are discussed.
Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Delayed-onset Cytomegalovirus Disease in a Large Retrospective Cohort of Lung Transplant Recipients.

Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication and disease commonly occur in lung transplant recipients after stopping anti-CMV prophylaxis. The epidemiology of CMV disease is not well studied, given the difficulties in assembling representative study populations with prolonged follow-up. We hypothesized that delayed-onset CMV disease (>100 days after transplantation) occurs more commonly than early-onset CMV disease in lung transplant recipients, and is associated with an increased risk of death. Methods We assembled a large cohort of lung transplant recipients using 2004 to 2010 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification billing data from 3 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality State Inpatient Databases, and identified demographics, comorbidities, CMV disease coded during hospital readmission and inpatient death. We used Cox proportional hazard multivariate analyses to assess for an independent association between delayed-onset CMV disease and death. Results In the cohort of 1528 lung transplant recipients from 12 transplant centers, delayed-onset CMV disease occurred in 13.7% (n = 210) and early-onset CMV disease occurred in 3.3% (n = 51). Delayed-onset CMV pneumonitis was associated with inpatient death longer than 100 days after transplantation (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.1-2.5), after adjusting for transplant failure/rejection (aHR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5-4.1), bacterial pneumonia (aHR, 2.8; 95% CI, 2.0-3.9), viral pneumonia (aHR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1), fungal pneumonia (aHR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.3), single lung transplant (aHR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0-1.7), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (aHR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-1.8). Conclusions Delayed-onset CMV disease occurred more commonly than early-onset CMV disease among lung transplant recipients. These results suggest that delayed-onset CMV pneumonitis was independently associated with an increased risk of death.
Phase II trial of autophagy inhibition using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with FOLFOX/bevacizumab in the first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.

3614 Background: We have shown that autophagy, the regulated dissolution of cellular elements to maintain survival in adverse environmental conditions, is a determinant of resistance to chemotherap...
On distribution of pathogenic bacteria and their resistance in child pneumonia in our hospital

Objective:To investigate the bacterial distribution and drug-sensitivlty of pediatric patients with pneumonia in our children,s hoepital.Methods:Bacterial identification and susceptibility test were done for 736 sputum specimens of pediatric patients with pneumonia in Children' s Hospital from Feb.2005 to Nov.2006.Results:In 763 cases,18 pathogenic bacteria and 335 strains were separated from the sputum samples,the total positive rate was 45.5%,the chief pathogens were Gram-negative bacilli which included Klebsiella pneu- moniae,Eacherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginos,Acinetobacter species,other Nonfermenters,Serratia liquefaciens,Haemophilus,ac- counting for 81.5%.Gram-positive bacilli which included Streptococcus pneumoniae,Staphylococcus epidermidis,and Staphylococcus au- reus accounted for 18.5%.Gram-negative bacilli were highly resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins.ESBLs-producing strains of Kleb- siella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were 65.6% and 67.7%,respectively.All of Klebsiella pneumonlae was sensitive to Meropenem. Gram-poeitive bacilli to penicillins,cefazolin,Clindamycim,Erythromycin and SMZ was completely resistant,but was sensitive to Mero- penem,Vancomycin,Rifampin,Levofloxacin Gatifloxacin.Conclusions:The most common pathogenic bacterias of the pediatric patients with pneumonia were Klebsiella Pneumonia,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginose,Acinetobacter species,Streptococcus pneumoni- ae,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other Nonfermenters.Gram-negative bacilli was the major pathogenic bacteria,and the resistance of the different types of bacilli was various to antibiotics.Multi-drug resistance of Nonfermenters,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia co- li.becomes a serious problem.The drug resistant rate of Nonfermenters was higher than that of ESBLs-producing strains of Klebsiella pneu- moniae and Escherichia coll.
Transvaginal intratubal insemination by tactile sensation: a preliminary report

Transvaginal catheterization of the fallopian tube has gained increased popularity for transfer of embryos and gametes. Forty-five ITIs were performed on 32 patients using the novel approach of tubal transfer via tactile sensation. This group of patients had undergone an average of 5.2 IUIs before ITI. There were a total of 11 pregnancies, 6 occurring with hMG stimulation and 5 with CC-stimulated cycles (34% PR per patient). Three pregnancies ended with spontaneous abortion, and one patient developed acute salpingitis necessitating laparotomy. These data suggest ITI may be effective in assisted reproduction but, as other invasive procedures, is not without risk.
The Structure of a Sugar Transporter of the Glucose EIIC Superfamily Provides Insight into the Elevator Mechanism of Membrane Transport.

The phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase systems are found in bacteria, where they play central roles in sugar uptake and regulation of cellular uptake processes. Little is known about how the membrane-embedded components (EIICs) selectively mediate the passage of carbohydrates across the membrane. Here we report the functional characterization and 2.55-A resolution structure of a maltose transporter, bcMalT, belonging to the glucose superfamily of EIIC transporters. bcMalT crystallized in an outward-facing occluded conformation, in contrast to the structure of another glucose superfamily EIIC, bcChbC, which crystallized in an inward-facing occluded conformation. The structures differ in the position of a structurally conserved substrate-binding domain that is suggested to play a central role in sugar transport. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations suggest a potential pathway for substrate entry from the periplasm into the bcMalT substrate-binding site. These results provide a mechanistic framework for understanding substrate recognition and translocation for the glucose superfamily EIIC transporters.
Development of a normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion system toward improving viability and function of human extended criteria donor livers

Donor organ shortages have led to an increased interest in finding new approaches to recover organs from extended criteria donors (ECD). Normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion (NELP) has been proposed as a superior preservation method to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), precondition suboptimal grafts, and treat ECD livers so that they can be successfully used for transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of a modified NELP circuit on discarded human livers. Seven human livers that were rejected for transplantation were placed on a modified NELP circuit for 8 hours. Perfusate samples and needle core biopsies were obtained at hourly intervals. A defatting solution that contained exendin-4 (50 nM) and L-carnitine (10 mM) was added to the perfusate for 2 steatotic livers. NELP provided normal temperature, electrolytes, and pH and glucose levels in the perfusate along with physiological vascular flows and pressures. Functional, biochemical, and microscopic evaluation revealed no additional injuries to the grafts during NELP with an improved oxygen extraction ratio (>0.5) and stabilized markers of hepatic injury. All livers synthesized adequate amounts of bile and coagulation factors. We also demonstrated a mild reduction (10%) of macroglobular steatosis with the use of the defatting solution. Histology demonstrated normal parenchymal architecture and a minimal to complete lack of IRI at the end of NELP. In conclusion, a modified NELP circuit preserved hepatocyte architecture, recovered synthetic functions, and hepatobiliary parameters of ECD livers without additional injuries to the grafts. This approach has the potential to increase the donor pool for clinical transplantation. Liver Transplantation 22 979-993 2016 AASLD.
DiBA: distributed power budget allocation for large-scale computing clusters

Power management has become a central issue in large-scale computing clusters where a considerable amount of energy is consumed and a large operational cost is incurred annually. Traditional power management techniques have a centralized design that creates challenges for scalability of computing clusters. In this work, we develop a framework for distributed power budget allocation that maximizes the utility of computing nodes subject to a total power budget constraint. To eliminate the role of central coordinator in the primal-dual technique, we propose a distributed power budget allocation algorithm (DiBA) which maximizes the combined performance of a cluster subject to a power budget constraint in a distributed fashion. Specifically, DiBA is a consensus-based algorithm in which each server determines its optimal power consumption locally by communicating its state with neighbors (connected nodes) in a cluster. We characterize a synchronous primal-dual technique to obtain a benchmark for comparison with the distributed algorithm that we propose. We demonstrate numerically that DiBA is a scalable algorithm that outperforms the conventional primal-dual method on large scale clusters in terms of convergence time. Further, DiBA eliminates the communication bottleneck in the primal-dual method. We thoroughly evaluate the characteristics of DiBA through simulations of large-scale clusters. Furthermore, we provide results from a proof-of-concept implementation on a real experimental cluster.
Pelvic inflammatory disease: improving awareness, prevention, and treatment

Purpose Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common disorder of the reproductive tract that is frequently misdiagnosed and inadequately treated. PID and its complications, such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain, are preventable by screening asymptomatic patients for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and promptly treating individuals with STIs and PID. Recent findings The rates of adverse outcomes in women with PID are high and disproportionately affect young minority women. There are key opportunities for prevention including improving provider adherence with national screening guidelines for STIs and PID treatment recommendations and patient medication adherence. Nearly half of all eligible women are not screened for STIs according to national quality standards, which may increase the risk of both acute and subclinical PID. Moreover, in clinical practice, providers poorly adhere to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for treatment of PID. Additionally, patients with PID struggle to adhere to the current management strategies in the outpatient setting. Conclusion Novel evidence-based clinical and public health interventions to further reduce the rates of PID and to improve outcomes for affected women are warranted. We propose potential cost-effective approaches that could be employed in real-world settings.