cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FRI0307 Vitamin d (VD) levels are associated with inflammation in minor salivary glands (MSG) and westergren sedimentation rate (W-ESR) in patients with sjögren’s syndrome

Background Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune exocrinopathy, manifested by a wide spectrum of clinical sequelae ranging from sicca to severe extra-glandular features. A hallmark of the pathogenesis of SS is inflammation of MSG. Vitamin D is well-known to participate actively in different key pathways in the immune system, and plays an important role in pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. There are few prior studies of the role of VD in primary SS (pSS) in the context of comorbidities and disease severity Objectives To evaluate serum VD levels and severity of sialadenitis with relationship of clinical and laboratory profiles in patients with pSS Methods We reviewed 214 records of patients who had a MSG biopsy for a clinical suspicion of SS, in the Division of Rheumatology at UM, between 1993 and 2011. Eighteen patients with other autoimmune/neoplastic processes were excluded. Pathology results were assessed of the remaining 196 patients with SS, and showed sialadenitis with a Focus Score (FS)≥1 in 111 vs. 85 with FS Results Patients were divided into those with a (FS)≥1 and FS 1, present in 36/48 (75%) vs. FS=1 had higher VD levels 31.4 (14.3) vs. 19.92 (14.3) (p=0.02). VD levels correlated directly with the FS>1, 0.594 (p Conclusions Low VD associate with high W-ESR in patients with diagnosis of pSS. Higher VD levels were associated with a higher level of inflammation in minor salivary glands. Low VD levels are seen in patients with SS who also have comorbities of hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia Acknowledgements We appreciate the input of Dr. Sheeja Francis for her comments and critical review Disclosure of Interest: R. Peredo Employee of: University of Michigan. Nothing to declare, A. Impens Employee of: Midwestern University. Nothing to declare, K. Phillips Employee of: University of Michigan. Nothing to declare
Adult male with abdominal pain and vomiting

An adult male with a history of caecal adenocarcinoma and subsequent right hemicolectomy presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain, nausea and non-bilious emesis. He was diffusely tender to palpation across the abdomen with marked distention. His vital signs and laboratory tests were unremarkable. His abdominal pain improved with intravenous opioid medication. His urinalysis was negative. A point-of-care ultrasound (figure 1) was performed by the emergency …
320 STEROID-FREE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION FOR RENAL TRANSPLANTATION: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE.

Purpose To determine the outcomes of immunosuppression with early withdrawal of steroid in pediatric renal transplantations (tx) patients at a single Northern California center. Introduction Although steroid has been a main agent used for post tx immunosuppression, its use is associated with numerous side effects. Protocols using minimal steroid have been reported with success. We examined the outcomes of our children who were managed by a protocol with very early discontinuation of steroid after renal tx. Methods We retrospectively studied the renal tx recipients at the children hospital at University of California, Davis Medical Center from January 2004 to December 2005. All patients were below age 18 at the time of tx. Protocol included three tapering daily doses of steroid, together with five doses of thymoglobulin and then maintained on tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil after tx. Data collected include age, sex, ethnicity, and preemptive tx or mode of renal replacement prior to tx. Medicines required pre- and post-tx, including antihypertensive, statins, erythropoietin, and anti-diabetics, were also recorded. Laboratory values included the serum creatinine, hemoglobin, white cell counts, blood glucose, and cholesterol were also recorded for analysis. Results Eight patients with equal numbers of male and females were studied. There were equal numbers of Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian patients; 37.5% received preemptive tx, 25% received peritoneal, and 37.5% received hemodialysis before tx. The mean age at tx was 10.8 years, with an average length of follow up of 1.4 years. At 1 year post-tx, 50%, 17%, and 67% of patients still required antihypertensive, erythropoietin, and statins, respectively. Compared with pretransplant levels, mean serum creatinine improved from 9.3 to 1.3 mg/dL (p Conclusions Steroid-free immuosuppression is safe in children after renal tx. A larger number of patients and longer follow-up are required to further confirm the effectiveness and safety of steroid-free immunosuppression.
Serum cytokine levels and their correlation with ALT in infants with cytomegalovirus hepatitis

Objective To investigate the serum cytokine levels and to explore their correlation with ALT in infants with cytomegalovirus hepatitis.Methods ELISA method and automatic analysis machine were used to determine TNF-α,ALT,AST and IFN-γ/ IL-4 in 30 cases of CMV- infected hepatitis and 30 infants as control group.Results The levels of TNF-α,IFN-γ/IL-4,ALT and AST in CMV infected hepatitis group were 448.07±122.76 ng/L,2.99±1.35,95.24±8.52 U/L,138.59±11.57 U/L.In CMV- infected hepatitis group all increased as compared with the normal group .But the IFN-γ/ IL-4 ratio (2.99±1.35) decreased as compared with the normal group. There was a positive correlation between TNF-α and ALT(r=0.34,P0.05).Conclusion There is abnormal cytokines secretion in infants with CMV- infected hepatitis.Elevated TNF-α level is closely related with the liver lesion extent ,and the change of IFN-γ/ IL-4 ratio is the index of the Th1/ Th2 imbalance.
On NO_x Control Strategy in China

The situation of NOx emission in thermal power stations and China's related policies,regulations,etc.are presented.It is indicated that NOx control technology will become another hot topic of China's current electric power environmental protection after SO2 control technology.Current domestic and foreign NOx control techniques are analyzed and the NOx control principles that China should adhere to are pointed out.Several proposals on China's NOx control policy are put forward.
Heavy WIMP Effective Theory

Observed anomalies in astrophysical systems, ranging from galactic to cosmological in scale, provide compelling evidence for dark matter. Independent and increasingly precise measurements of the cosmic abundance of total matter and of its baryonic component (e.g., from the cosmic microwave background, big bang nucleosynthesis and large-scale structure) have converged on the picture that ∼ 85 % of the matter in the universe cannot be explained by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. While evidence from rotation curves of spiral galaxies may suggest modifications to the theory of gravity, lensing measurements indicate gravitational sources in regions with no baryonic matter, favoring the idea of unseen massive clusters. Beyond the gravitational interaction that implies its existence, there is however little known about the particle nature of dark matter. Does it have non-gravitational interactions with Standard Model particles? Is there a single particle, or an intricate structure of multiple particles similar to the Standard Model? Is it a fundamental particle, or a composite object arising from nonperturbative dynamics? What are its mass and spin?
Product Packaging Design Based on the Context of Consumption

It studies the product packaging design under the context of consumption. Based on the elaboration of consumption connotation and the understanding of consumption context,it further researches the packaging design in perceptual consumption environment. In the new era of perceptual consumption environment,it can make product packaging design through the sense of emotional expression,pass out the demands of emotion and consumption appealing for consumers to a certain extent,create more beverage packaging design attracting consumer attention,to promote the rapid development of the design industry.
Effect of Protein-Polyphenol Ratio on the Size of Haze Particles

Various concentrations of the haze-active (HA) protein gliadin and the HA polyphenol tannic acid were combined in pH 4.5 buffer. The resulting hazes were measured by light scattering, and their par...
Wie und was bilden die Prädikatzeichen ab

Wir haben nun den Rundgang abgeschlossen, welcher uns zu verschiedenen zeitgenossischen Autoren von Russell bis zu Quine und Goodman und zur Diskussion uber nominalistische und platonische Sprachen gefuhrt hat. Unser Anliegen bestand darin, die verschiedenen Auffassungen uber die Abbildungsbeziehung der Pradikatzeichen zusammenzutragen, um von da her einen neuen Einblick in die Universalienfrage zu gewinnen.
Imaging and clinical findings in segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM)

Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is an uncommon, non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory arteriopathy that tends to affect the medium-sized splanchnic branches of the aorta along with renal, carotid, cerebral, and coronary arteries. The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe, life-threatening intra-abdominal hemorrhage and shock. SAM overlaps clinically and radiologically with other inflammatory vasculitides. This article describes the pathologic-radiologic correlation, imaging findings, and the management of the disease. Radiologists should be familiar with this disease entity as imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis.
Metamaterial lens design

Given a surface which is not necessarily rotationally symmetric, we design a second surface such that the lens bounded between these two surfaces refracts monochromatic radiation into a given point. The lens consists of a material having a negative refractive index. We then generalize a result of Veselago when the given surface is a plane and show that there are times when the second surface can never be a plane.
Perils of Uncertainty? The Impact of Contextual Ambiguity on Search Advertising Keyword Performance

In this paper, we explore how the contextual ambiguity of a search can affect a keyword's performance. We propose an automatic way of categorizing keywords and examining keyword contextual ambiguity based on topic models from machine learning and computational linguistics. We quantify the effect of contextual ambiguity on keyword click-through performance using a hierarchical Bayesian model, and validate our study using a novel dataset from a major search engine containing information on click activities for 12,790 keywords across multiple categories from over 4.6 million impressions. We find that consumer click behaviors vary significantly across keywords, and keyword category and contextual ambiguity significantly affect such variation. Specifically, higher contextual ambiguity can lead to higher click-through rate (CTR) on top-positioned ads, but the CTR tends to decay faster with position. Our study has the potential to help advertisers design keyword portfolios, and help search engines improve the quality of sponsored ads.
A MICROPROCESSOR BASED OPTIMAL QUALITY CONTROL OF DYNAMIC BRAKING

A new control scheme namely optimal quality control using for power system dynamic braking is described in this paper. Dynamic braking is a effective measure for improving power system transient stability, and it has been in operation succesfully in many countries. The difference between the new scheme and the conventional scheme is that the braking resister removes not at the time of δ = 0, but at the suitable time of δ < 0 before circuit reclosing. The circuit reclosing time will also be selected automically by this scheme to minimize the post fault power angle oscillation. A microprocessor Z-80 can be used for this scheme to achieve the function mentioned before. A control program for a model system has been developed. Dynamic simulation of this control scheme verified that the expected function can be performed and the run time of the control was fast enough for transient stability requirement.
When STEM Leads to the Rest: A Reflection on STEM as the Hub for Curriculum Integration

Within this journal article, I seek to promote K-12 educators to think consciously and cognitively of their subject areas on how STEM can be initiator of content-delivery. STEM is still fresh within the confines of the traditional K-12 education field, and many are seeking to understand its relation to the real world as well as other subject areas. Within this article, I seek to prove how STEM steeps itself throughout three other content areas often separated: Language Arts, Social Studies, and the Arts. If we as educators as to enhance and entice our students to think intrinsically and deeply about their learning, it is important that we search to understand how STEM can derive to and from these inherent content focal points.
Investigating movement behavior of invasive Burmese pythons on a shy–bold continuum using individual-based modeling

Burmese pythons are established in the Everglades and are expanding their population in Florida to more urbanized and fragmented habitats. Understanding movement and dispersal behavior contributes to our knowledge of how landscape factors influence the persistence of pythons in Florida's habitat. Our goal was to examine personality-dependent dispersal in juvenile Burmese pythons by creating behavioral scenarios of risk-taking behavior on a shy–bold continuum using an individual-based model. We observed that a behaviorally plastic strategy best resembled empirically derived patterns of the Burmese python's expansion from the Everglades into the increasingly urbanized landscapes of Homestead and Miami, Florida. This result is consistent with the notion that animal personalities can be flexible in different situations and that animals must make decisions based on trade-offs while dispersing.
The Politics of Death: The Effect of Women's Descriptive Representation on Mortality

Although many studies have found that female legislators pursue policies important to women, we know relatively little concerning the effect of women’s descriptive representation (WDR) on women’s quality of life. We address this question by examining the relationship between the election of women state legislators and public health. Specifically, we estimate the effect of WDR on premature death rates from 1981-2010, utilizing an error correction model and a novel instrumental variable approach to mitigate endogeneity. We find that WDR serves to improve the well-being of both women and men. However, the effect of WDR is significantly stronger for women (compared to men) in states that play a larger role in the provision of healthcare. Overall, our results suggest that policy remedies aimed at improving the severe underrepresentation of women in government may help improve the relatively low ranking of the United States on indicators of public health.
Doctors of tomorrow: An innovative curriculum connecting underrepresented minority high school students to medical school.

Background: Racial minorities continue to be underrepresented in medicine (URiM). Increasing provider diversity is an essential component of addressing disparity in health delivery and outcomes. The pool of students URiM that are competitive applicants to medical school is often limited early on by educational inequalities in primary and secondary schooling. A growing body of evidence recognizing the importance of diversifying health professions advances the need for medical schools to develop outreach collaborations with primary and secondary schools to attract URiMs. The goal of this paper is to describe and evaluate a program that seeks to create a pipeline for URiMs early in secondary schooling by connecting these students with support and resources in the medical community that may be transformative in empowering these students to be stronger university and medical school applicants. Methods: The authors described a medical student-led, action-oriented pipeline program, Doctors of Tomorrow, which connects faculty and medical students at the University of Michigan Medical School with 9th grade students at Cass Technical High School (Cass Tech) in Detroit, Michigan. The program includes a core curriculum of hands-on experiential learning, development, and presentation of a capstone project, and mentoring of 9th grade students by medical students. Cass Tech student feedback was collected using focus groups, critical incident written narratives, and individual interviews. Medical student feedback was collected reviewing monthly meeting minutes from the Doctors of Tomorrow medical student leadership. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Two strong themes emerged from the Cass Tech student feedback: (i) Personal identity and its perceived effect on goal achievement and (ii) positive affect of direct mentorship and engagement with current healthcare providers through Doctors of Tomorrow. A challenge noted by the medical students was the lack of structured curriculum beyond the 1st year of the program; however, this was complemented by their commitment to the program for continued longitudinal development. Discussion: The authors propose that development of outreach pipeline programs that are context specific, culturally relevant, and established in collaboration with community partners have the potential to provide underrepresented students with opportunities and skills early in their formative education to be competitive applicants to college and ultimately to medical school.
Creating Aerosol Types from CHemistry (CATCH): A New Algorithm to Extend the Link Between Remote Sensing and Models

Current remote sensing methods can identify aerosol types within an atmospheric column, presenting an opportunity to incrementally bridge the gap between remote sensing and models. Here a new algorithm was designed for Creating Aerosol Types from CHemistry (CATCH). CATCH-derived aerosol types—dusty mix, maritime, urban, smoke, and fresh smoke—are based on first-generation airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-1) retrievals during the Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research (SABOR) campaign, July/August 2014. CATCH is designed to derive aerosol types from model output of chemical composition. CATCH-derived aerosol types are determined by multivariate clustering of model-calculated variables that have been trained using retrievals of aerosol types from HSRL-1. CATCH-derived aerosol types (with the exception of smoke) compare well with HSRL-1 retrievals during SABOR with an average difference in aerosol optical depth (AOD) <0.03. Data analysis shows that episodic free tropospheric transport of smoke is underpredicted by the Goddard Earth Observing System- with Chemistry (GEOS-Chem) model. Spatial distributions of CATCH-derived aerosol types for the North American model domain during July/August 2014 show that aerosol type-specific AOD values occurred over representative locations: urban over areas with large population, maritime over oceans, smoke, and fresh smoke over typical biomass burning regions. This study demonstrates that model-generated information on aerosol chemical composition can be translated into aerosol types analogous to those retrieved from remote sensing methods. In the future, spaceborne HSRL-1 and CATCH can be used to gain insight into chemical composition of aerosol types, reducing uncertainties in estimates of aerosol radiative forcing.
Obstacle-induced transition from ventricular fibrillation to tachycardia in isolated swine right ventricles: Insights into the transition dynamics and implications for the critical mass☆

Abstract OBJECTIVES The study was done to test the hypothesis that an artificial anatomical obstacle prevents the maintenance of ventricular fibrillation (VF) by stabilizing reentrant wavefronts (RWF) and increases the critical mass (CM) of myocardium required to sustain VF. BACKGROUND Artificial obstacles can anchor RWF in simulated models of VF. Whether an artificial obstacle affects multiple-wavelet VF in real tissue is unclear. METHODS The endocardial surfaces of seven isolated, perfused swine right ventricles were mapped using a plaque of 477 bipolar electrodes with 1.6-mm resolution. An 8-mm hole was punched in the tissue. The CM was reached by tissue mass reductions, at which VF converted to periodic activity (ventricular tachycardia, VT). RESULTS After the creation of the obstacle, the VF cycle length increased from 71.6 ± 18.4 ms to 87.5 ± 13.0 ms (p CONCLUSIONS An artificial anatomical obstacle induces slowing and regularization of VF, impairs the persistence of VF as judged by an increase of the CM, and can convert VF to VT by serving as an attachment site to reentrant excitation.
Blood Transfusion and the Jehovah’s Witness Patient

This case deals with emergency hemorrhage and the Jehovah’s Witness patient. It discusses what a Witness patient believes and discusses the ethical dilemma a physician faces when caring for these patients. Acute normovolemic hemodilution is also discussed.
The New Non-Territorial U.S. International Tax System, Part 2

This paper, published in Tax Notes on July 9, 2018, is the second half of a two-part paper examining and analyzing the three main international provisions in the 2017 tax act. Part 1 discussed normative frameworks for international tax policy. Part 2, contained herein, focuses on the base erosion and anti-abuse tax (the BEAT), global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI), and foreign-derived intangible income (FDII).
Themes and costs underlying avoidable terminal oncology ICU hospitalizations.

6548Background: ICU admissions in the last 30 days of life are an indicator of poor care. Our prior research found nearly half of terminal oncology ICU hospitalizations are potentially avoidable. M...
Impact of iodine antisite (I Pb ) defects on the electronic properties of the (110) CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 surface.

The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells can be significantly improved if recombination losses and hysteresis effects, often caused by the presence of structural and chemical defects present at grain boundaries and interfaces, can be minimized during the processing of photoactive layers. As a crucial first step to address this issue, we performed density functional theory calculations to evaluate the electronic structure of the energetically favored (110) perovskite surface in the presence of the widely reported IPb antisite defects. Our calculations indicate that the nature of trap states formed is different for the perovskite surface with exposed methylammonium (MAI) and lead iodide (PbI2) terminating groups. While, in MAI terminated surfaces, IPb antisite defects lead to shallow states close to the valence band, both deep and shallow states are created in the bandgap region in the PbI2 terminated surface. Furthermore, we determined contribution from individual atoms to the trap states and inferred that the trap states originate from the clusters of iodine atoms that are formed near the defect site. The exact nature of the defect state is strongly correlated with the atomic structure of these clusters and can be potentially tuned by controlling the processing conditions of the perovskite film.
The individualization of conscience: what Daybreak (9, 10, 544) and The Gay Science (117) tell us about the sovereign individual

The figure of the sovereign individual has stood for about two decades at the center of an exegetical debate concerning its identity and ideality. What is often lost sight of in these debates is th...
Democracy for Sale: Elections, Clientelism, and the State of in Indonesia

The literature on comparative parties and electoral systems argues that certain institutional frameworks may determine whether candidates will pursue a partycentred or personalised campaign. One im...
High Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio and Delta Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio Are Associated with Increased Mortality in Patients with Hepatocellular Cancer

The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a prognostic biomarker for cirrhosis and non-liver malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of NLR in a diverse cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with HCC between 2008 and 2017 at two large US health systems. We used Cox proportional hazard and multivariable ordinal logistic regression models to identify factors associated with overall survival and response to first HCC treatment, respectively. Primary variables of interest were baseline NLR and delta NLR, defined as the difference between pre- and post-treatment NLR. Among 1019 HCC patients, baseline NLR was 200 ng/mL (45.6% vs 33.8%). Baseline NLR ≥ 5 was independently associated with higher mortality (median survival 4.3 vs 15.1 months; adjusted HR 1.70, 95%CI 1.41–2.06), with differences in survival consistent across BCLC stages. After adjusting for baseline covariates including NLR, delta NLR > 0.26 was also independently associated with increased mortality (HR 1.42, 95%CI 1.14–1.78). In a secondary analysis, high NLR was associated with lower odds of response to HCC treatment (20.2% vs 31.6%; adjusted OR 0.55, 95%CI 0.32–0.95). In a large Western cohort of patients with HCC, high baseline NLR and delta NLR were independent predictors of mortality. NLR is an inexpensive test that may be a useful component of future HCC prognostic models.
Mapping bias: A rhizomatic critique of the National Literacy Panel Report

The Report of the National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth was designed to be a definitive review of research on the literacy development of language-minoritized students. We...
Primary Care Appointment Systems: Causes and Implications of Timely Arrivals

ABSTRACT The primary goal of this study was to identify potential factors that might contribute to patient punctuality issues, while also assessing the satisfaction of a proposed intervention. In addition, we aimed to learn more about the psychosocial and behavioral implications that patients face with regards to arriving on time for their primary care visits. A mixed-method research study was used to identify and quantify potential factors that might contribute to patient punctuality issues, while also assessing the satisfaction of a proposed intervention. In addition to possible factors that contribute to punctuality, we aimed to learn more about how patients are affected when they arrive late for appointments. Through qualitative assessment, we explored the psychosocial and behavioral implications that patients face with regards to arriving on time for their primary care appointments. A total of 524 individuals out of 1050 patients (50%) responded to the paper-based survey. Of the 524 adult respondents, we excluded 103 (19.7%) participants due to the missing data on either of their historical behavior patterns, future intentions for arrival, or their definition of appointment time. We analyzed the data for the remaining 421 eligible survey participants. In addition, seven of the eight patient interviews were transcribed and analyzed in order to identify themes using the patient’s own words to better understand the psychosocial and behavioral implications patients face on arriving to their appointment on time. Three primary themes emerge in the interviews related to the perception of arriving late to appointments at the FMC. The findings of this study indicate that regardless of patients’ interpretation of appointment time, they typically arrive 10-15 minutes before the appointment time. In addition, there is a significant connection between patients’ perceptions of historically arriving late to appointments and the intent to arrive very early to their future appointments. Combined with the qualitative results, this study suggests that most patients are motivated to be on time, in some cases seeing the idea of lateness as a contradiction of their own self-identity. The behavioral causes and implications of the findings are explained using the concept of Fear Appeals and the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT).
Networks of Extracellular Fibers and the Generation of Morphogenetic Forces

During the development of multicellular organisms the earliest tissues to appear are epithelioid, consisting of cells in direct contact with one another. In contrast, the connective tissues, which appear somewhat later, are composed of cells surrounded by complex microenvironments known as extracellular matrices (ECM). ECMs consist of proteins, polysaccharides, hybrid molecules known as proteoglycans, and sometimes mineral, all in a highly hydrated state (see Comper, 1996 for reviews). When all categories are taken into consideration, the physical state of living tissues can range from liquid (blood), to elastic sheet (skin), to solid (bone), but mostly fall into the category of semi-solid condensed materials which de Gennes has termed “soft matter” (de Germes, 1992).
Anomalous coronary artery in a transplanted heart: a rare incidental diagnosis

Coronary artery anomaly is a rare postoperative coronary angiographic finding in heart transplant recipients. We report a case of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery in an asymptomatic 70-year-old heart transplant patient. Most coronary artery anomalies are benign, but surgical treatment may be necessary in major coronary artery anomalies that are known to have adverse outcomes.
Teaching Cross-Cultural Competence to Law Students: Understanding the 'Self' as 'Other'

Lawyer know thyself. Lawyer know thyself as a cultural being. This article expands the repertoire of techniques to teach cross-cultural competence to law students to include a self/other lens. The author revisits the famed attributes of cross-cultural competence developed by Susan Bryant and Jean Koh Peters in 2001 to adopt defining characteristics of culture that current academics and law students embrace. This expanded lens leads to the author’s conclusion that cross-cultural competence is in essence an exploration of “self” and “other.” The author looks to other fields, particularly psychology and the work of Wanda Lee, to flesh out the usefulness of the self/other analysis in the education of law students. Five stepping stones to understanding “self” and “other” through a cultural lens are offered. These address “self” with respect to the “otherness” of clients, lawyers, and judges. The goal of this lens is to promote identity formation among 21st century law students preparing for their legal careers.
Antitumor activity of folate receptor-targeted liposomal doxorubicin in a KB oral carcinoma murine xenograft model.

Purpose. The expression of folate receptor (FR) is amplified in many types of human cancers. Previously, FR-targeted liposomal doxorubicin (f-L-DOX) has been shown to exhibit superior and selective cytotoxicity against FR(+) tumor cells in vitro compared to nontargeted liposomal doxorubicin (L-DOX). This study further investigates f-L-DOX for its antitumor efficacy in vivo using a murine tumor xenograft model.
Comparison of Biofuel Systems: COBS—A New Long-Term Study

Project Overview This project seeks to identify and develop cropping systems that produce large quantities of biofuel feedstocks while protecting soil and water resources and increasing biodiversity on the Iowa landscape. Treatments in the COBS experiment include a conventional corn-soybean cash grain system; continuous corn grown for grain and stover, with and without a winter cover crop; a mixture of perennial prairie plants fertilized for high biomass production; and a highly diverse, unfertilized mixture of prairie plants, which serves as a benchmark for understanding the functional characteristics of a native plant community.
Cantonese Loanwords: Conflicting Faithfulness in VC Rime Constraints

This paper focuses on the ways in which English loanwords are brought into line with four phonotactic constraints that restrict the possible combinations of nuclear vowels and coda consonants in Cantonese Chinese. It is found that three of the four constraints are strictly enforced in loans. Repairs change either the vowel or the coda consonant. Parallel to Mandarin, changes in vowel height features ([high], [ATR]) as opposed to changes in vowel backness are employed. Coda consonant changes obey a dorsal > coronal > labial faithfulness hierarchy that mirrors the typology of coda mergers discovered by Chen (1973) for many Chinese dialects. While changes in both the vowel and coda consonant occur, on-line adaptations favor changing the coda and preserving the vowel and suggest that the relative phonetic salience of the nuclear vowel to the coda consonant still plays a role in these adaptations.
Work in progress - developing skills through projects in introduction to engineering

Each Introduction to Engineering student at USM experiences what it is like to be an engineering student and to do engineering-like work. Under development for five years, the course is always an experiment in process, focused on increased student competence and confidence in 28 areas of USM's EC2000 outcomes. Our most recent interventions have focused on the wide range of student preparation and on facilitating electronic exchange of materials. These include: (i) engaging proficient students as coaches for less proficient students, (ii) introducing short-duration, in-class assessments of specific knowledge and skills, and (iii) using the departmental server and HTML templates to exchange course documents and work products. Results? Coaching developed, once trust and course norms were established. Simple assessments of competence produced provocative comparisons with students' self-assessments. And despite start-up challenges, straightforward filesystem concepts and homegrown HTML templates proved at least as useful as proprietary class management software. Find all course materials at www.ee.usm.maine.edu/courses/egn100
Cultivation and Laboratory Maintenance of Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia species are obligate intracellular bacteria that require growth inside mammalian cells for propagation and survival. As a result, Chlamydia cannot be grown on conventional bacteriological medium. This property makes Chlamydia difficult organisms to grow and maintain in the laboratory. Up until 1965, passage in the yolk sac of the embryonated hen egg was the only way to isolate and propagate the organism. Since then, a tissue culture system has been available that allows easier laboratory culture of the Chlamydia species. However, with the exception of the LGV serovars, most C. trachomatis strains do not readily infect tissue culture cells. Chemical or mechanical assistance is used to increase their infectivity. Today, large numbers of infectious organisms can be purified through Renografin density gradient centrifugation of infected cell lysates. The ability to propagate C. trachomatis in the laboratory has greatly increased the understanding of the pathogenesis of C. trachomatis organisms.
Electronic and magnetic states in metallic compound—II: Electron transport and magnetic susceptibility in NiAl and FeAl

Abstract Electron transport and magnetic properties were investigated in NiAl and FeAl alloys in the vicinity of exact stoichiometry. The results as well as those of other workers were compared with recent augmented-plane-wave band calculations for NiAl, and semiquantitative agreement was found. With respect to impurity states in NiAl, it was concluded that transport anomalies, though definitely magnetic in origin, were not due to localized-magnetic moments on excess Ni atoms on Al sites. It was suggested that the anomalies may be due to subtle structural defects or such defects in combination with one of several intrinsic (non-impurity or defect) mechanisms. In the FeAl alloys, it was concluded that excess Fe atoms on Al sites (Fex atoms) carry a moment in the paramagnetic state of 7·8 μB. Negative magneto-resistance but no resistance minima effects were observed. The data, similar in several respects to those for dilute Rh(Fe) alloys, were interpreted in terms of antiferromagnetically coupled Fex atoms which lead to magnetic transitions of a spin-glass or mictomagnetic nature, that is, having no long-range order.
Rapid unidirectional change of hybrid dysgenesis potential in Drosophila

Two main types of Drosophila melanogaster strains have been previously described in relation to hybrid gonadal sterility: P (paternally derived) and M (maternally derived). When M strain females are mated with P strain males, cytoplasm-chromosome interactions result in variable frequencies of sterility in their hybrid progeny. A third neutral strain type, Q, generally has no significant potential for sterility in any hybrid strain combination. Mixed populations of these three types of strains were set up in various combinations and initial frequencies. They were subsequently maintained without artificial selection and monitored for their gonadal sterility and potential. All 24 mixed cultures initiated with P and M parents independently evolved rapidly towards a state of at least moderate P activity, which was maintained in succeeding generations. The M cytotype was not maintained after 10-20 generations except at very low frequencies. Changes in sterility potential were less clear cut in those mixed populations that originally included neutral strain flies, but there was a tendency for the frequencies of sterility of the majority of PQ and QM mixed cultures to change in the same direction as for the P and M combinations. The results are discussed in terms of conventional mechanisms of segregation and selection and in terms of an alternative hypothesis of chromosome contamination in which sterility factors may be transposed from P to M chromosomes, resulting in extremely rapid unidirectional population changes. Possible implications of these results for general models of the evolution of hybrid dysgenesis are explored.
Molecular probe protocol for determining carrier status in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies

By use of cDNA probes, molecular deletions were identified in 66.6% of 42 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Owing to this high deletion rate, a new strategy for detecting DMD/BMD carriers is feasible in which the polymerase chain reaction is used as an initial screen for detecting the deletions occurring in specific deletion-prone exons. Because the deletions do not occur randomly, specific cDNA probes are utilized first with Southern blot analysis. Identification of a deletion permits direct analysis for DMD carrier status and removes the inherent limitations of the conventional restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Carrier status is determined by scanning the autoradiographs with a densitometric spectrophotometer or by detection of a junction fragment.
Diagnosis of multiple fixture faults in machining processes using designated component analysis

Fixture imperfections influence dimensional variation on machining processes. Therefore, a systematic method to isolate fixture faults will allow improvement in product quality. This paper presents a diagnosis methodology to identify root causes of fixture-induced workpiece variation in machining. The methodology is based on designated component analysis, which extracts predefined variation patterns from the production data. The methodology integrates online measurement data, part geometry, fixture layout, and sensor layout in detecting multiple fixture faults occurring simultaneously. An application of the proposed method is presented through a computer simulation.
Wheel-traffic effects on corn as influenced by tillage system

Surface and subsoil compaction limit crop productivity on many soils of the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. Deep tillage, and to a lesser extent, controlled traffic have been utilized to manage soil compaction on these soils, but there is a need to develop tillage systems that integrate conservation tillage practices with deep tillage and controlled traffic. In 1988, a study was initiated with a wide-frame (6.3 m) vehicle to determine the interactive effects of traffic, deep tillage, and surface residues on corn (Zea mays L.) grown on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Typic Kandiudults). Corn was planted into a winter cover crop of ‘Cahaba White’ vetch (Vicia sativa L.) Treatments included: traffic (conventional equipment or no traffic); deep tillage (no deep tillage, in-row subsoiling, or complete disruption); surface tillage (no surface tillage or disk and field cultivate). Complete disruption was accomplished by subsoiling at a depth of 43 cm on 25-cm centers. Although tillage × traffic interactions significantly affected soil strength and soil water, the only grain yield response both years was due to a surface tillage × deep tillage interaction. In a drought year (1988), with surface tillage, yields averaged 3.54, 2.75, and 1.41 t ha−1 with complete disruption, in-row subsoiling, and no deep tillage, respectively. Without surface tillage, respective yields averaged 3.77, 3.14, and 1.12 t ha−1. In 1989 when rainfall amount and distribution were excellent, yields with complete disruption, in-row subsoiling, and no deep tillage averaged 7.79 t ha−1, 7.08 t ha−1, and 6.44 t ha−1, respectively, with surface tillage; and 7.40 t ha−1, 6.91 t ha−1, and 4.70 t ha−1 respectively, without surface tillage. Soil strength and soil water measurements confirmed the detrimental effect of traffic after disking and field cultivation; however, soil water measurements and the lack of any yield response to applied traffic suggest that corn compensated for reduced rooting capacity in wheeled interrows by increased rooting in non-wheeled interrows.
Infrared polarization measurements of ship signatures and background contrast

In previous papers we have presented measurements of degree of polarization in the mid and far infrared both in near-horizon sun-glint and in the adjacent sea background radiance. The polarization has been related to the Fresnel reflection and emission coefficients and compared with predictions. These measurements have been extended to include target-to-background polarization contrast measurements. Target polarization was small, but sea surface emission showed moderate degree of polarization in the p-plane (vertical). Considerable ship- background contrast improvement was achieved by polarization filtering in the horizontal plane. This effect was greater in the far infrared. Values are given for the degree of polarization of target and background and the contrast improvement factor due to polarization filtering.
Erratum to “TRPC1: The link between functionally distinct store-operated calcium channels” [Cell Calcium 42 (2007) 213–223]

When this article was originally published the fourth author's name did not include the middle initial. It is printed correctly as above.
Review essay: Life field

This review essay will touch upon themes from the books A New Science of Life by Rupert Sheldrake, and Shuflebrain by Paul Pietsche. In both cases we are looking at a shift in the conception of the nature of life and brain, body and mind. Nature and our apparent external world extend and project the body, and at the same time they illustrate and replay the play of mind. The metaphor of world as world-body, body of man, body of Christ, body of God, body is so familiar as to require little comment. Yet world as world-mind, dance of larger thought, projected thoughts, is less familiar to the Western sense. It is in this area that our astonishment rises to levels of disbelief and to the possibility of a new vision. Can it be that the pattern of nature is more akin to a large thought than to the mechanism of an older physical view? The answer from modern physics is a resounding yes as the information pours in. Again and again physical law becomes the consequence of the very condition of observation. The properties of what can be observed lift back to reveal the properties of what could be observed, if anything could be observed at all. These are the lessons of relativity and quantum mechanics. And light, the very possibility of communication itself, gives powerful lessons through its nature as particle/wave. Light as particle proceeds through series of discrete quantum bursts, flashes of illumination in the darkness of space. Spaces of comprehension in the darkness of mind. And light as wave proceeds outwards as ripples of vibratory dance of opposite fields called magnetic and electric. From the turning tension of this dance flow waves of illumination on the landscape without. Just so does a brilliant idea flood the mind with light, life, tension, energy. In the outer world and through our technology of the photograph and the laser, light tells a more detailed tale. For laser produces coherent light, light of synchronized amplitude and frequency. Light to shine, reflect and capture on a photographic plate, to produce a record and a code. This plate when illuminated once more unleashes its memory and reproduces for the viewer a remarkable simulacrum of the original threedimensional scene. It is the holograph. The holograph is a direct record of the wave-pattern of light. It is a freeze of the pattern passing through a window-pane that looks upon the scene. And just as the scene can be glimpsed through any tiny portion of the window so does the holograph house all its information within any small portion of itself. Thus the holographic memory of light is all in one (part) and one in all.
Low energy inert gas ion scattering from GdF3, Gd2O3 and Gd2 (MoO4)3 surfaces: 1. Inelastic effects

Inelastic effects in the scattering of Ar-40, Ne-20 and He-4 ions from GdF3 and Gd2O3 have been studied. Such effects give rise to the low energy ‘tail’ of the elastic peaks in ion surface scattering (ISS). Experimental data show that the extent of ‘tailing’ increases from Ar-40 to He-4. For each probe ion type, the background is significantly greater in GdF3 than in Gd2O3. The significance of (1) surface structure, (2) the surface polarization model and ion surface scattering, and (3) electronic effects on this low energy background will be shown by discussing the present data as well as supplementary results on He-4 ion scattering from selected oxides and polar surfaces of Gd2 (MoO4)3.
High-Frequency Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Its Underlying Genetics (Hfhl1 and Hfhl2) in NIH Swiss Mice

Studies using inbred strains of mice have been invaluable for identifying alleles that adversely affect hearing. However, the efficacy of those studies is limited by the phenotypes that these strains express and the alleles that they segregate. Here, by selectively breeding phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous NIH Swiss mice, we generated two lines-the all-frequency hearing loss (AFHL) line and the high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) line-with differential hearing loss. The AFHL line exhibited characteristics typical of severe, early-onset, sensorineural hearing impairment. In contrast, the HFHL line expressed a novel early-onset, mildly progressive, and frequency-specific sensorineural hearing loss. By quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analyses in these two lines, we identified QTLs on chromosomes 7, 8, and 10 that significantly affected hearing function. The loci on chromosomes 7 and 8 (Hfhl1 and Hfhl2, respectively) are novel and appear to adversely affect only high frequencies (≥30 kHz). Mice homozygous for NIH Swiss alleles at either Hfhl1 or Hfhl2 have 32-kHz auditory-evoked brain stem response thresholds that are 8-14 dB SPL higher than the corresponding heterozygotes. DNA sequence analyses suggest that both the Cdh23(ahl) and Gipc3(ahl5) variants contribute to the chromosome 10 QTL detected in the AFHL line. The frequency-specific hearing loss indicates that the Hfhl1 and Hfhl2 alleles may affect tonotopic development. In addition, dissecting the underlying complex genetics of high-frequency hearing loss may prove relevant in identifying less severe and common forms of hearing impairment in the human population.