cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
10-GHz 1.3-ps pulse generation using chirped soliton compression in a Raman gain medium

The authors demonstrate a novel pulse compression technique that is capable of producing high-quality 1.3-ps pulses at a repetition rate of 10 GHz. The technique begins with 20-ps pulses carved by a commercially available external modulator and achieves up to 15-fold compression using a combination of phase modulation and distributed Raman amplification. Unlike adiabatic soliton compression, the scheme takes advantage of an exact solution to the nonlinear Schrodinger equation for chirped soliton evolution. As such, high-quality low-pedestal compressed pulses can be produced in a shorter span of fiber than would be needed for adiabatic compression. Because the system uses external modulation, the source is inherently tunable. Furthermore, the degree of pulse compression can be adjusted by varying the amount of Raman gain and phase modulation.
The Characterization of Catecholamine Stimulation of Glucose Transport by Rat Adipocytes and Isolated Plasma Membranes

These studies were designed to resolve the controversy over the ability of catecholamines to stimulate glucose transport per se and not just glucose utilization in adipocytes. Glucose transport assays were performed using a dual label (3- O-[3H]methylglucose and l-[14C]glucose) procedure. Fifteenminute preincubations of intact adipocytes with epinephrine produced a 15% increase in specific 3-O-methylglucose transport at 5 × 10−8 m, while a maximal stimulation of twice the control level was reached at 2.5 × 10−7 m. This stimulation of glucose transport was inhibited 95% by 10−5 m propranolol. Isoproterenol (10−7 m) also stimulated 3-O-methylglucose transport, and this effect was completely blocked by 10−5 m propranolol. Phenylephrine at maximal doses (5 × 10−6 m) produced a marginal (20–30%) stimulation of transport which was only partially (50%) inhibited by phentolamine. Epinephrine and insulin stimulation of 3-O-methylglucose transport were compared, and the maximal stimulation of transport by epinephri...
Sounds of a Community : Cultural Identity and Interactive Art

Sounds of a Community (2001Ð2003), a sound installation, is a series of sculptures modeled upon traditional Jewish ritual objects. The sculptures also serve as musical instruments. The installation is designed to offer an engaging musical experience but also a means by which people can explore complex issues relating to religious and cultural identity. Basic issues involved in the design, construction and programming of this work are presented, along with an exploration of how this work seeks to engage visitors in questions about their relationship to religious settings that involve the place of an individual within a group.
Reduced Precision Redundancy in a Radix-4 FFT implementation on a Field Programmable Gate Array

Reduced Precision Redundancy (RPR) is demonstrated as a new method for improving fault tolerance in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) replacing Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) to protect against the Single Event Effects due to radiation in arithmetic processes.12 As a test of this approach, the RPR technique was used to implement a Radix-4 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). This design was implemented in a Xilinx Virtex 2® FPGA in order to find the possible gain in speed and reduction in power and resources as compared to the TMR method. Simulation of different degrees of RPR explore the impact on speed and power on the FPGA performance at various levels of precision reduction.
Quantitative measurement and discrimination of isochromatic fluorophores based on micelle-enhanced steady-state fluorescence polarization in fluid solution

Data is presented showing that molecules with identical or nearly identical fluorescence spectra (isochromatic) can be distinguished based on their fluorescence polarization in surfactant solutions. In this report, the steady-state fluorescence polarizations of a series of xanthene dyes (fluorescein (FLR), rhodamine 123 hydrate (R123H), rhodamine B, rhodamine B isocyanate and rhodamine 6G (R6G)) were measured in surfactant solutions consisting of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X100 (TX-100). Fluorophores exhibited different steady-state polarizations based on their affinities for the micellar environment.
Theoretical and Computational Studies of Peptides and Receptors of the Insulin Family

Synergistic interactions among peptides and receptors of the insulin family are required for glucose homeostasis, normal cellular growth and development, proliferation, differentiation and other metabolic processes. The peptides of the insulin family are disulfide-linked single or dual-chain proteins, while receptors are ligand-activated transmembrane glycoproteins of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) superfamily. Binding of ligands to the extracellular domains of receptors is known to initiate signaling via activation of intracellular kinase domains. While the structure of insulin has been known since 1969, recent decades have seen remarkable progress on the structural biology of apo and liganded receptor fragments. Here, we review how this useful structural information (on ligands and receptors) has enabled large-scale atomically-resolved simulations to elucidate the conformational dynamics of these biomolecules. Particularly, applications of molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods are discussed in various contexts, including studies of isolated ligands, apo-receptors, ligand/receptor complexes and intracellular kinase domains. The review concludes with a brief overview and future outlook for modeling and computational studies in this family of proteins.
The Effect of Parent-Child Geographic Proximity on Widowed Parents’ Psychological Adjustment and Social Integration:

The authors examine the ways that parent-child geographic proximity affects widowed older parents’ psychological well-being and social integration. Analyses are based on the Changing Lives of Older Couples (CLOC) study, a prospective study of 1,532 married individuals aged 65 and older. Compared with those who live more than one hour away from a child, widowed older adults who live with or live within an hour’s drive of their child(ren) report significantly lower levels of psychological distress, after controlling for parent-child relationship quality. However, parents who live with their children are less likely to be integrated into informal networks of friends, neighbors, and relatives. The findings reveal the complex ways that living arrangements and geographic proximity between generations affect bereaved parents’ psychosocial adjustment. This study also suggests ways that bereaved older adults may optimize their support networks during an era marked by high levels of geographic mobility and low fertility.
Dual-Boost Single-Phase PFC Input Current Control Based on Output Current Sensing

This paper presents a new current control method for dual-boost single-phase power-factor-correction (PFC) converters. A dual-boost PFC converter is more efficient than the conventional boost PFC converter by virtue of the elimination of one semiconductor device in the main current path, but is more difficult to control using the existing PFC control method due to the need to sense ac input current and voltage. The proposed current control method is based on sensing of the dc output current, which can be easily accomplished by using a sensing resistor inserted on the negative rail of the dc output. A new pulsewidth-modulation-based multiplier circuit is also developed as a more robust and cost-effective alternative to linear analog multiplier design or mixed-signal implementation. Control characteristics and performance of the new method are analyzed using averaged models and verified by measurement results from a 500 W prototype. Operation of the converter with both 60 and 400 Hz line is reported to demonstrate its performance for both terrestrial and airborne applications. Conducted electromagnetic interference measurements of the converter are also presented.
Survival in malignant schwannoma. An 18-year study.

Follow-up data was tabulated on 15 patients with malignant schwannoma encountered during an 18-year period. Nine patients died of their tumor within 20 months after its recognition. Of the 6 survivors, 2 patients had lesions which showed focal histologic malignancy but have thus far behaved in a benign fashion. Three patients who had primary amputations have continued to survive, although one of these required lobectomy 41/2 years ago for pulmonary metastases which appeared 6 months after the initial procedure. The remaining survivor is clinically free of tumor 21/2 years after excision of the anterior abdominal wall primary, in spite of the resection of a lung and intra-abdominal metastasis. The survival of patients in previously reported series is reviewed, and the phenomenon of intraneural and spinal subarachnoid spread is discussed. In addition, the significance of epithelioid and metaplastic elements in these tumors is evaluated. In view of the promising outcome of patients whose tumors were promptly recognized and vigorously treated, the dismal prognosis which was previously attached to malignant schwannoma seems no longer justified.
Insight into the catalytic mechanism of DNA polymerase beta: structures of intermediate complexes.

The catalytic reaction mediated by DNA polymerases is known to require two Mg(II) ions, one associated with dNTP binding and the other involved in metal ion catalysis of the chemical step. Here we report a functional intermediate structure of a DNA polymerase with only one metal ion bound, the DNA polymerase ‚-DNA template-primer-chromium(III)‚2'-deoxythymidine 5'-‚,A-methylenetri- phosphate (Cr(III)‚dTMPPCP) complex, at 2.6 A resolution. The complex is distinct from the structures of other polymerase-DNA-ddNTP complexes in that the 3'-terminus of the primer has a free hydroxyl group. Hence, this structure represents a fully functional intermediate state. Support for this contention is provided by the observation of turnover in biochemical assays of crystallized protein as well as from the determination that soaking Pol ‚ crystals with Mn(II) ions leads to formation of the product complex, Pol ‚-DNA-Cr(III)‚PCP, whose structure is also reported. An important feature of both structures is that the fingers subdomain is closed, similar to structures of other ternary complexes in which both metal ion sites are occupied. These results suggest that closing of the fingers subdomain is induced specifically by binding of the metal-dNTP complex prior to binding of the catalytic Mg 2+ ion. This has led us to reevaluate our previous evidence regarding the existence of a rate-limiting conformational change in Pol ‚'s reaction pathway. The results of stopped-flow studies suggest that there is no detectable rate-limiting conformational change step.
The Gamma Interferon Gene Knockout Mouse: a Highly Sensitive Model for Evaluation of Therapeutic Agents against Cryptosporidium parvum

Cryptosporidiosis is a serious disease in malnourished children and in people with malignancies or AIDS. Current rodent models for evaluating drug therapy against cryptosporidiosis have many limitations, including the need for a high inoculum, the absence of symptoms resembling those seen in humans, and the need to maintain exogenous immunosuppression. We have developed a gamma interferon knockout (GKO) mouse model with which to evaluate therapies against C. parvum and have used paromomycin for evaluation of this model. The GKO model offers considerable improvements over other systems, since it requires no additional immunosuppression and adult mice can be infected with as few as 10 oocysts (compared with 10(7) for SCID mice). Infected mice develop profound gastrointestinal dysfunction due to extensive infection and severe mucosal damage involving the entire small intestine. Clinical symptoms, which include depression, anorexia, weight loss, and wasting, result in death within 2 to 4 weeks. The time of death depends on the oocyst challenge dose. Paromomycin modulated parasitological and clinical parameters in highly predictable and significant ways, including prevention of death. In addition, examination of the extensively infected gut provided an important insight into the dynamics between a specific drug treatment, its impact on the extent and the site of parasite distribution, and clinical outcome. These uniform symptoms of weight loss, wasting, and death are powerful new parameters which bring this model closer to the actual disease seen in humans and other susceptible mammalian species.
Epithelial carcinoma of the ovary

Abstract A total of 176 patients with untreated epithelial cancer of the ovary received postoperative irradiation at the Alice Crocker Lloyd Radiation Therapy Center of the University of Michigan from 1955 to 1973. Irradiation was delivered to the pelvis alone or to the pelvis and part of the abdomen, depending on the extent of the disease and the location of the residual tumor. No patient received whole abdominal irradiation. Post-irradiation chemotherapy was administered to patients with advanced disease. Twenty-six patients with Stage III disease were treated according to a protocol consisting of pre- and post-irradiation administration of chlorambucil. The overall 5-year actuarial survival rate was 42%. The 5-year survival rates for patients with Stage I through IV disease were 77%, 31%, 23%, and 0% respectively. Patients whose tumor was grossly removed at the initial surgery did better (63 % 5-year survival rate) than patients whose tumor was only partially removed (26% 5-year survival rate). The pathologic grade of the tumor was a major factor determining the prognosis. The 5-year survival rates were 76 % for patients with well-differentiated carcinomas, 33% for those with moderately differentiated carcinomas, and 14% for those with poorly differentiated carcinomas. Thirty-four (20%) of the patients were found to have at least a second primary tumor either at the time of the initial surgery or some other time. Autopsy results for 25 patients in this series are presented.
The Impact of Performance, Cost, and Competitive Considerations on the Relationship between Satisfaction and Repurchase Intent in Business Markets

In this article, the author develops and tests a component-based, reference-dependent model of business customers’ intent to repurchase from one of their existing supplier firms. In the model, the ...
A deterministically controlled four-segment polarization-mode dispersion emulator

In this paper, we propose a novel design of a first- and second-order polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) emulator based on four concatenated first-order PMD segments. Instead of polarization scrambling at each junction, we set these polarization rotators according to a statistical schedule, so as to produce a realistic probability density function of the first- and second-order PMD presented in long-haul transmission fiber.
Delayed healing human bite wounds of the orofacial area managed with immediate primary closure: treatment rationale.

t a o l h t w i w d p here has been a diversity of opinion with regard to he management of human bite wounds of the orofaial region. Iregbulum expressed one view by proposng that there was no place for primary closure of uch wounds. However, that same year, Tomasetti et l, in reporting 25 cases of human bite wounds of the ace, stated that surgical treatment should be depenent upon the presence or absence of infection, the ength of time from initial trauma, and the size of the ound. His recommendation was that all recent, nonnfected wounds should be evaluated for primary cloure. As recently as 1997, Donkor et al reported a 0% success rate on 30 patients with orofacial bite ounds treated with primary closure. None of the ounds were infected and the duration of injury efore treatment ranged from 1 to 4 days, with the ajority (70%) within 48 hours. It is Tomasetti et al’s recommendation that appears o be the generally accepted concept of treatment at his time, but many authors have added a retricted period ranging from 12 to 84 hours after njury, beyond which primary closure should not be onsidered. Infected wounds, on the other hand, hould be allowed to heal by secondary intention ith later revision if necessary or alternatively reated with delayed primary closure. In 1976, one of the authors reported on the use of yaluronidase injections around the wound site, in onjunction with conventional soft tissue wound re-
TRPM2 channels are not required for acute airway inflammation in OVA-induced severe allergic asthma in mice

Background Airway inflammation and asthma have been linked to oxidative stress and the melastatin-related transient receptor potential cation channel, member 2 (TRPM2), which can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
Supermarket Nutrition: Shopping For Good Health--A Phytochemical Supermarket Tour

Abstract Phytochemicals, naturally-occurring "plant chemicals", may provide health benefits to humans and help protect against some cancers, heart disease, and other chronic conditions. Carotenoids, flavonoids, indoles, isoflavones, capsaicin, and protease inhibitors are included in this group of compounds. The American Dietetic Association has encouraged dietetics professionals to educate consumers on what these substances are and where these substances are found and to translate research conducted in this area to consumers. In addition, advise on how consumers can incorporate these substances into a varied diet has been encouraged. While the benefits of phytochemicals have been touted in the popular press, very few nutrition education materials have been developed for use by dietetics professionals. This poster will describe: 1) a point-of-purchase educational program emphasizing food sources of phytochemicals and how they can be incorporated into the diet; 2) a classroom-style program developed for consumers unable to participate in a supermarket tour due to physical limitations; and 3) phytochemical-related educational materials developed (8 th – 10 th grade reading levels) for adult consumers. These activities were part of a Community Nutrition course service project within a didactic program in dietetics. The target population for this program was adult consumers residing in a small, rural southeastern Ohio community that includes a major university and medical school. This project was funded in part by the American Dietetic Association Lulu G. Graves Award.
Tablet-Aided BehavioraL intervention EffecT on Self-management skills (TABLETS) for Diabetes

Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) show that behavioral lifestyle interventions are effective in improving diabetes management and that comprehensive risk factor management improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. The role of technology has been gaining strong support as evidence builds of its potential to improve diabetes management; however, evaluation of its impact in minority populations is limited. This study intends to provide early evidence of a theory-driven intervention, Tablet-Aided BehavioraL intervention EffecT on Self-management skills (TABLETS), using real-time videoconferencing for education and skills training. We examine the potential for TABLETS to improve health risk behaviors and reduce CVD risk outcomes among a low-income African American (AA) population with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. The study is a two-arm, pilot controlled trial that randomizes 30 participants to the TABLETS intervention and 30 participants to a usual care group. Blinded outcome assessments will be completed at baseline, 2.5 months (immediate post-intervention), and 6.5 months (follow-up). The TABLETS intervention consists of culturally tailored telephone-delivered diabetes education and skills training delivered via videoconferencing on tablet devices, with two booster sessions delivered via tablet-based videoconferencing at 3 months and 5 months to stimulate ongoing use of the tablet device with access to intervention materials via videoconferencing slides and a manual of supplementary materials. The primary outcomes are physical activity, diet, medication adherence, and self-monitoring behavior, whereas the secondary outcomes are HbA1c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), BP, CVD risk, and quality of life. This study provides a unique opportunity to assess the feasibility and efficacy of a theory-driven, tablet-aided behavioral intervention that utilizes real-time videoconferencing technology for education and skills training on self-management behaviors and quality of life among a high-risk, low-income AA population with an uncontrolled dyad or triad of CVD risk factors (diabetes with or without hypertension or hyperlipidemia). The intervention leverages the use of novel technology for education and skill-building to foster improved diabetes self-management. The findings of this study will inform the process of disseminating the intervention to a broader and larger sample of people and can potentially be refined to align with clinical workflows that target a subsample of patients with poor diabetes self-management. The trial was registered in April 2014 with the United States National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02128854), available online at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02128854 .
Quantitative detection of Vibrio vulnificus in raw oyster on Zhoushan markets

Objective:To know the foodborne diseases caused by Vibrio vulnificus in advance to provide the scientific data for the risk assessment of the oyster consumption.Mehtods:40 samples of oyster were collected from the West Dock market in Dinghai and the Nanzhen market in Shengsi from July 2007 to June 2008 by four times and quantitatively analyzed by the biochemical test,nucleic acid detection to identify the strains isolated from the raw oyster with the enrichment in alkaline liquid medium and culture in the selective medium.Results:The prevalence of Vibrio vulnificus was detected in 22 samples,the mean MPN value and maximum MPN value were 686.72MPN/g and 4600MPN/g,respectively.Conclusion:The raw oyster on Zhoushan markets is contaminated by the Vibrio vulnificus seriously.To prevent the foodborne disease outbreak caused by the consumption of raw oyster contaminated with Vibrio vulnificus,and the risk assessment of the oyster are needed.
Bionomics of Bambusaspis miliaris on the bamboo Dendrocalamopsis oldhami

Bambusaspis miliaris(Boisduval) is a new pest damaging of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(Munro) Keng f.It has one generation per year in Youxi Region of Fujian Province and overwinters as first-instar nymph and a few eggs on the stalks,branches and leaves of the bamboos.The fecunlity was from 10 to 105 per female adult with an average of 43.0 eggs.The peak periods for adult emergence and oviposition were in the third ten-days of May and in the third ten-days of June respectively.By injecting 2～5 mL of 40% Rogor into the bamboo stalk,the scale mortality was above 93.8%.
Dietary energy density and frame size effects on composition of gain in feedlot cattle.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary energy density or genetic background on protein and fat gain of growing cattle. In Exp. 1, 24 Limousin steers were used in a growing-finishing trial. A 2 X 2 factorial arrangement was used with steers randomly allotted to four treatment combinations and fed the following diets: 80% concentrate, high moisture corn-corn silage diet (HI) or a corn silage diet (LO) during both the growing (GRO) and(or) the finishing (FIN) phases. Body composition for both experiments was determined by a deuterium oxide dilution technique. Empty body weight gains were greater (P less than .05) for HI during GRO, FIN and the total trial. Daily protein gains (DPG) were greater (P less than .05) for HI during GRO and FIN, while cattle receiving HI during at least FIN had the greatest (P less than .05) overall DPG. Daily fat gains (DFG) followed the pattern of DPG, being more rapid (P less than .05) for cattle fed HI during either GRO or FIN. Cattle fed the HI diet also tended to be more energetically efficient. In Exp. 2, large frame (LG) and small frame (SM) cattle were used for the evaluation of frame size effects on protein and fat deposition. Steers were individually fed an 80% concentrate, corn-based diet during the entire trial. Average daily gains and daily dry matter intake (P less than .05, P less than .01) were greater for LG, while feed efficiency was similar for both cattle types. Large cattle had greater (P less than .05) DPG than SM cattle, however, DFG were not different. Small frame steers were energetically more efficient (P less than .05), apparently due to composition of gain difference.
Quickest convergence of online algorithms via data selection

Big data applications demand efficient solvers capable of providing accurate solutions to large-scale problems at affordable computational costs. Processing data sequentially, online algorithms offer attractive means to deal with massive data sets. However, they may incur prohibitive complexity in high-dimensional scenarios if the entire data set is processed. It is therefore necessary to confine computations to an informative subset. While existing approaches have focused on selecting a prescribed fraction of the available data vectors, the present paper capitalizes on this degree of freedom to accelerate the convergence of a generic class of online algorithms in terms of processing time/computational resources by balancing the required burden with a metric of how informative each datum is. The proposed method is illustrated in a linear regression setting, and simulations corroborate the superior convergence rate of the recursive least-squares algorithm when the novel data selection is effected.
Review of Public Participation for 21st Century Democracy by Tina Nabatchi and Matt Leighninger (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2015)

Review of Public Participation for 21st Century Democracy by Tina Nabatchi and Matt Leighninger (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2015)
Differential Association and Trust Violation

Although the positive emphasis in Sutherland’s theory is that crime and delinquency are social phenomena, produced by and through social learning, much of the theory’s popularity probably has arisen from its negative implications, namely that criminality and delinquency are not biological, psychological or climatic phenomenon. Similarly, many of the criticisms reported in Chapter V seem to be addressed more to this negative implication than towards the theory’s positive assertions. The general proposition that individual criminality is learned in a process of differential association amounts to a “principle” for making sense of the multiple factors in individual cases, or a “framework” for study of those cases. However, the details of Sutherland’s statement, which he called a “theory” or “hypotheses,” as well as a “principle,” have only rarely been specifically subjected to the test of empirical research. To have continuing value, a theory must not only provide a general framework within which hypotheses may be formulated, as this theory does, but it must also be stated in such a way that it can be verified or rejected on the basis of empirical findings.
Unraveling complex local genomic rearrangements from long-read data

In this paper, we present a graph search approach for identifying arbitrarily complex structural genomic variation. Our method leverages the ability of long reads (e.g. from Pacific Biosciences platforms) to span multiple breakpoints of complicated local rearrangements, allowing us to resolve small-scale complexities that may be overlooked by other tools. We applied our method to a subset of NA12878 germline events using two long read datasets and demonstrate, with a concordance rate of 88.4% between the two sets, an increased ability to denote complex events over baseline calls from short read data. In a majority of the regions analyzed we detected small complexities that flank the breakpoints of larger events, including small insertions, inversions, and duplicated sequences. These patterns of complexity match known mechanisms associated with DNA replication and structural variant formation, and showcase the ability of our approach to efficiently unravel such events. Our method automatically classifies complex structural variant calls as a combination of nested or adjacent reference transformations, allowing users to identify specific structure types of interest. Additionally, an output report is generated for each event with interactive visual representations of the rearrangement.
Gene regulation and suppression of type I interferon signaling by STAT3 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

STAT3 is constitutively activated in many cancers and regulates gene expression to promote cancer cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and migration. In diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), activation of STAT3 and its kinase JAK1 is caused by autocrine production of IL-6 and IL-10 in the activated B cell–like subtype (ABC). However, the gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this aggressive lymphoma by STAT3 are not well characterized. Here we performed genome-wide analysis and identified 2,251 STAT3 direct target genes, which involve B cell activation, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Whole-transcriptome profiling revealed that STAT3 acts as both a transcriptional activator and a suppressor, with a comparable number of up- and down-regulated genes. STAT3 regulates multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, including NF-κB, a cell-cycle checkpoint, PI3K/AKT/mTORC1, and STAT3 itself. In addition, STAT3 negatively regulates the lethal type I IFN signaling pathway by inhibiting expression of IRF7, IRF9, STAT1, and STAT2. Inhibition of STAT3 activity by ruxolitinib synergizes with the type I IFN inducer lenalidomide in growth inhibition of ABC DLBCL cells in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Therefore, this study provides a mechanistic rationale for clinical trials to evaluate ruxolitinib or a specific JAK1 inhibitor combined with lenalidomide in ABC DLBCL.
Defining, Conceptualizing, Problematizing, and Assessing Language Teacher Assessment Literacy.

Assessment literacy (AL) empowers teachers (Grabowski & Dakin, 2014) by helping them make better decisions about the development, administration, and use of assessments (Harding & Kremmel, 2016; Popham, 2009). This is crucial because when teachers make erroneous interpretations, which lead to incorrect decisions, students can suffer unintended, negative consequences (Purpura, 2016; Purpura, Brown, & Schoonen, 2015). As essential as AL is to providing quality teaching and learning opportunities, assessment education remains inadequate (Lam, 2015; Mendoza & Arandia, 2009; Vogt & Tsagari, 2014). According to Cheng (2001), teachers spend up to a third of their time in assessment related activities; however, most “do so with little or no professional training” (Bachman, 2000, p. 19-20). In light of the demand for the development of instructor AL, this paper first defines and conceptualizes language assessment literacy (LAL). Then it problematizes LAL through an investigation of empirical studies conducted to explore pre- and in-service teacher education and resources that have been used to develop teachers’ LAL. Finally, it examines how teachers’ LAL levels are evaluated through assessments such as Cambridge University Press’s Teaching Knowledge Test, the edTPA, and state teacher certification Praxis tests.
Job satisfaction among neonatal nurses.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to understand the job satisfaction of nurses who work in intensive care nurseries. The design used a convenience sample of eight nurses with an average of 11 years of active and current experience as neonatal intensive care nurses. METHOD/DATA COLLECTION: Human rights were protected according to the institutional guidelines. Data collection included semi-structured, intensive face-to-face interviews, observation, and field notes. The interviews were tape recorded and transcribed. Collaizzi's (1978) interpretation method was used to interpret and analyze the data using significant statements, formulated meanings, and clustering. Each participant was allowed to review the typed interview as one means of credibility. Results Analysis of the described experiences revealed that nurses were able to identify enough satisfying situations that compelled them to continue working in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). These rewards included compensation, team spirit, support from physicians, and advocacy. Conclusion Knowledge of the factors that contribute to nurses' job satisfaction can provide a useful framework to implement policies to improve working conditions for nurses.
Combining Idiographic and Nomothetic Approaches to Single-Case Research

We describe an intensive study of a long-term psychodynamic therapy (PDT) for a young woman suffering from major depression, generalized anxiety, and significant work and relationship conflicts. The study involves both quantitative and qualitative measures aiming to both reveal case-specific mechanisms of change and test the validity of general principles of change. Every other session of the treatment (n = 61) was viewed in its entirety and assessed on 100 dimensions of the psychotherapy process by independent raters using The Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS). The client completed standardized outcome measures prior to treatment and at regular intervals during and after treatment. A factor analysis of the PQS ratings followed by qualitative examination of transcripts revealed case-specific interaction structures in which the client engaged in affective and cognitive distancing and the therapist intervened to elicit affect. Comparison of the PQS ratings with standardized prototypes revealed that the treatment was moderately consistent with prototypical PDT (but almost as consistent with prototypical cognitive-behavioral therapy). Time series analyses demonstrated that the case-specific interaction structures and adherence to the psychodynamic prototype both contributed to the resolution of the client’s psychological distress.
Mediterranean Islands and Multiple Flows

Obsidian tools found at prehistoric sites in the Mediterranean are evidence of a complex series of activities including procurement and transport of the raw material from island sources, production and distribution of cores or finished tools, and consumption and eventual disposal. Recent developments in the study of the western Mediterranean sources include the localization and characterization of five Monte Arci (Sardinia) sources used in antiquity; more detailed survey and characterization of the Lipari, Pantelleria, and Palmarola sources; and the provenance determination by ICP-mass spectrometry and electron probe microanalysis of more than 700 tools from sites in Italy and France doubles the provenance data previously available for reconstructing western Mediterranean exchange systems and provides a framework for interpreting the specific cultural context in which their acquisition was embedded. Furthermore, the analysis of samples from each stratigraphic level of multi-component sites such as Grotta Filiestru in Sardinia and Basi in Corsica allows for temporal control over three millennia. While differential use of the various obsidian sources has been recognized in peninsular Italy, it is apparent now that distribution patterns vary both geographically and chronologically, and in ways not explained by differences in accessibility or functional suitability between sources.
Some Problems with the Use of Self-Reports in Longitudinal Research

Since the publication of Delinquency in a Birth Cohort in 1972 (Wolfgang, Figlio, and Sellin), longitudinal research has become a major focus in criminological research. The term “longitudinal” is used somewhat ambiguously and appears to have a number of meanings. Spector stated that the longitudinal design is essentially a variation of correlational study “which involves two or more measurements of variables in a study taken on the same group of subjects” (1981, 35). Longitudinal research is also referred to as studies with experimental intervention and might cover research strategies including birth cohort studies, panel surveys, and time series experiments. Some of the several subcategories among longitudinal research are prospective studies and retrospective studies, following a group of individuals or examining a group’s past experience by interviews, questionnaire or by existing records.
Schottky Barrier Formation at Metal-Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Interfaces

Schottky barrier formation at metal-hydrogenated amorphous silicon interfaces has been investigated. The dependence of the intrinsic barrier height,, measured by different techniques, upon the metal work function and temperature has been reported. The capacitance and conductance is observed to be strongly d.c. voltage, temperature and frequency dependent. All the results are interpreted in terms of a self-consistent model that incorporates Schottky barrier at the metal-a-Si:H interface and a conduction process that exhibits an electrode-limited to bulk-limited transition.
The Pauli Principle: Effects on the Wave Function Seen through the Lens of Orbital Overlap

The Pauli exclusion principle is a key postulate of the quantum theory and informs much of what we know about matter. In terms of electronic structure, the lone, deceptively simple mathematical requirement is that the total wave function be antisymmetric with respect to the exchange of any two electrons. However, visualizing the effect on the electron distribution presents a formidable challenge to students because of the complexity and number of variables involved. Approaches to gaining insight developed here include a quantitative analysis of two-dimensional configuration spaces as well as a qualitative assessment of interference patterns. For 2px12py1 states as representative examples, the analysis reveals that the Pauli principle directs electrons with opposing spins to codistribute along axes passing through the nucleus in the plane of the occupied orbitals. On the other hand, electrons with the same spin are never simultaneously in the same place or on the same axis; instead, they preferentially dis...
Abstract 70: Effect of aging on the antitumor activity of GITRL-Fc

Mouse tumor models have been successfully used to generate preclinical data for numerous clinical programs including immunotherapy. Preclinical in vivo studies are typically carried out using young mice (often less than 2 months old) to generate efficacy data, predictive biomarker and pharmacodynamic markers. In notable contrast, the majority of human cancer occur in adult and older patients. It has become increasingly clear that the immune system of young and old mice is quite different with regards to the relative abundance and functionality of different cell populations. Data generated using young mice could provide a distorted assessment of the potential activity of immuno-oncology drugs in the clinic. Therefore, we tested the activity of GITRL-Fc protein in both young and old mice (>9 months). Previously using extensive young mice experiments, we have shown that GITRL-Fc promoted a robust antitumor immune response and enhanced tumor-specific T-cell responses, particularly of the Th1 type, and also led to a reduction in Treg-mediated immunosuppressive activity. Compared to young mice, tumors grew faster in older mice, and peripheral blood of older tumor-bearing mice has fewer T cells and NK cells. The total MDSC population was increased in the blood and spleen of old tumor-bearing mice, with a significantly higher number of G-MDSCs in the blood. On the other hand, old mice had reduced “antigen-presenting cells” (macrophages/dendritic cells expressing MHCII) in the blood. Furthermore, splenocytes from old mice had impaired production of IL-2. GITRL-Fc significantly inhibited tumor growth in both older and younger mice. However, efficacy was more pronounced in young mice, which frequently exhibited complete tumor regression. There were fewer tumor-infiltrating immune cells with less CD8 T and NK cells in older mice compared to young mice, consistent with faster tumor growth. Interestingly, GITR expression in CD8 T cells in old mice was lower compared with young mice at the tumor site. In old mice, GITRL-Fc (mIgG2a) was still able to deplete Tregs in tumor and increase Tregs in the spleen as has been previously shown with GITRL-Fc in young mice. On the other hand, GITRL-Fc deficient in effector function (mIgG2a (N297A)) did not deplete Tregs in the tumor but did retain some antitumor growth activity, indicating a role for GITR signaling in the mechanism of efficacy by GITLR-Fc. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the potential for the aging of the immune system to impact the efficacy observed with immunotherapy agents and highlight the potential benefits of conducting efficacy studies with both young and older mice. Citation Format: Angie Inkyung Park, Minu K. Srivastava, Rui Yun, Jenny Pokorny, Janice Yu, Fumiko Axelrod, Austin Gurney. Effect of aging on the antitumor activity of GITRL-Fc [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 70.
Intercultural Communication Schemas of Deaf and Hearing Adults: Visuospatial Decision-Making During Deception Detection

Some cultures rely heavily on visual channels for gathering information. One specific group is the Deaf and hard of hearing community who often rely on signed languages to communicate. Language and...
Nonstoichiometry, structure, and properties of Ba1−xTiOy thin films

The effects of growth conditions on the chemistry, structure, electrical leakage, dielectric response, and ferroelectric behavior of Ba1−xTiOy thin films are explored. Although single-phase, coherently-strained films are produced in all cases, small variations in the laser fluence during pulsed-laser deposition growth result in films with chemistries ranging from BaTiO3 to Ba0.93TiO2.87. As the laser fluence increases, the films become more barium deficient and the out-of-plane lattice parameter expands (as much as 5.4% beyond the expected value for Ba0.93TiO2.87 films). Stoichiometric BaTiO3 films are found to be three orders of magnitude more conducting than Ba0.93TiO2.87 films and the barium-deficient films exhibit smaller low-field permittivity, lower loss tangents, and higher dielectric maximum temperatures. Although large polarization is observed in all cases, large built-in potentials (shifted loops) and hysteresis-loop pinching are present in barium-deficient films – suggesting the presence of defect dipoles. The effects of these defect dipoles on ferroelectric hysteresis are studied using first-order reversal curves. Temperature-dependent current–voltage and deep-level transient spectroscopy studies reveal at least two defect states, which grow in concentration with increasing deficiency of both barium and oxygen, at ∼0.4 eV and ∼1.2 eV above the valence band edge, which are attributed to defect–dipole complexes and defect states, respectively. The defect states can also be removed via ex post facto processing. Such work to understand and control defects in this important material could provide a pathway to enable better control over its properties and highlight new avenues to manipulate functions in these complex materials.
Cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicles and neurofilament light protein as biomarkers of central nervous system injury in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy

Objective:The relationship of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) extracellular vesicles to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in HIV-infected individuals is unclear. Here, we characterize CSF extracellular vesicles and their association with central nervous system (CNS) injury related biomarkers [neurofilament
Do Preservice Science Teachers Develop Goals Reflective of Science Teacher Education? A Case Study of Three Preservice Science Teachers

One broad research question researchers continue to pursue is: to what degree does science teacher education influence the thinking of preservice science teachers? In other words, how has the thinking of preservice science teachers changed during the course of teacher education? Different models of cognition suggest different foci for this research, leading to research on preservice science teachers’ beliefs, knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge, among other mental constructs. This study explores the question of preservice science teachers’ thinking using a goal-driven theory of cognition. From this theoretical perspective, a person’s actions are attempts to satisfy one or more of the goals he or she holds. Applied to the study of preservice science teachers’ thinking, goal-driven models of cognition suggest that an important outcome of teacher education is for preservice science teachers to develop goals reflective of their pedagogical training. The research question for this study is: to what extent do the goals of preservice science teachers align with the instructional practice emphasized in teacher education? Qualitative methods were used to study the goals of three science student teachers from a STEM teacher education program at a large state university in southwestern USA. Interviews were conducted at the beginning and the end of the student teaching semester, with student portfolio submissions providing evidence for triangulation. We present three main findings: First, preservice teachers adopt goals reflective of many, but not all, of the pedagogical strategies emphasized in teacher education. Second, the goals of student teachers remain in flux over the course of the semester, with students tending to disengage from goals during this time. Third, conflict may arise between pedagogical goals, with student teachers resolving these conflicts in ways that are both research based and less than ideal. Finally, we present implications for teacher educators and those who conduct research on STEM teacher education.
Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 17th, Houston, TX, Mar. 17-21, 1986, Proceedings. Part 2

The topics discussed in this volume include lunar endogenic rocks and processes; lunar regoliths and breccias; the terrestrial planets; shergottites; primitive materials, exposure, and atmospheres; and impacts and crater tectonics. Papers are presented on the petrology and geochemistry of alkali gabbronorites from lunar breccia 67975; the formation of Apollo 17 orange and black glass beads; mixing levels, the Apennine Front soil component, and compositional trends in the Apollo 15 soils; the meteorite component of Apollo 16 noritic impact melt breccias; and constraints on the lithospheric structure of Venus from mechanical models and tectonic surface features. Consideration is also given to a fractal interpretation of topography and geoid spectra on the earth, moon, Venus, and Mars; rare earth patterns in shergottite phosphates and residues; nuclide production by primary cosmic-ray protons; gas chromatographic instrumentation for the analysis of aerosols and gases in Titan's atmosphere; and finite-element models of non-Newtonian crater relaxation.