cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance of Dwarf White Leghorn Layers as Affected by Cage Size, Bird Density and Perches

Abstract Dwarf White Leghorn layers were housed 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 and 16 per 61×61 cm. cage, with perches (P) and without perches (NP). Other dwarf W.L. layers were housed in 30.5×45.7 cm. cages with treatments of 1 NP, 4 NP, 5 NP, 5 P and 6 P. Hen-day and hen-housed egg production were significantly lower with more than ten birds per 61×61 cm. cage (372 sq. cm. per bird) or with more than four birds per 30.5×45.7 cm. cage (348 sq. cm. per bird). There was a trend for mortality and feed per egg to increase, and feed consumption and body weight gain to decrease as bird density increased in both studies. Egg specific gravity was not affected by any treatment. Total performance was such that the maximum bird densities to be considered should be ten per 61×61 cm. cage (372 sq. cm. per bird) and four or five per 30.5×45.7 cm. cage (348 or 279 sq. cm. per bird). Performance was better in the smaller than in the larger cages when similar space was provided per bird. The presence of perches in cages did not significantly affect any parameter in either study. However, the incidence of cracked eggs was higher when perches were present in 30.5×45.7 cm. cages, perhaps as a result of some individuals habitually laying while sitting on the perches. Livability and hen-housed production were better in the 5 P than in the 5 NP groups in 30.5×45.7 cm. cages, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Complete remissions in psoralen and UV-A (PUVA)-refractory mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with combined interferon alfa and PUVA

• Background and Design.— The optimal therapy for the mycosis fungoides type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma has yet to be determined. Based on recent reports on the efficacy of high-dose interferon alfa in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, we chose to test the hypothesis that systemic adjunctive therapy with low-dose interferon alfa along with psoralen and long-wave UV-A radiation (PUVA) could decrease the amount of PUVA necessary to achieve the best response, as well as improve the therapeutic effect of PUVA. Five patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides type) were initially treated unsuccessfully with PUVA alone (three times a week for at least 3 months); PUVA was stopped, patients' diseases were restaged, then interferon alfa (3×106U/d for 1 week, then 6×106U/d for 1 week) was initiated 2 weeks prior to restarting PUVA. Responses to treatment were graded as complete remission (skin clear, or negative biopsy specimens of remaining dermatitic lesions), partial remission (>50% improvement), progression (>25% worsening), or no change (failure to qualify for other categories) at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Observations.— After 3 to 5 months of treatment with PUVA thrice weekly, none of the patients treated with PUVA alone had achieved complete remission. By contrast, systemic adjunctive therapy with low-dose interferon alfa along with PUVA resulted in complete remissions in all five (100%) patients in an average of 3.2 months (in three patients, lesions were cleared by 3 months). An average of 107 additional joules (68% more) and 1.6 additional months of PUVA administered thrice weekly was required to achieve the best response attainable with PUVA alone compared with complete remissions achieved with combined interferon alfa and PUVA therapy. Conclusion.— These data indicate that patients with disease refractory to PUVA alone can achieve a complete remission if they restart treatment with PUVA in combination with well-tolerated low doses of interferon alfa. In addition, the duration of PUVA exposure can be reduced with the addition of low-dose interferon alfa to the conventional PUVA treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma of the mycosis fungoides type in such patients. (Arch Dermatol.1993;129:747-752)
Sarcolemmal and Mitochondrial KATPChannels Mediate Cardioprotection in Chronically Hypoxic Hearts

Abstract X. Kong, J. S. Tweddell, G. J. Gross and J. E. Baker. Sarcolemmal and Mitochondrial KATPChannels Mediate Cardioprotection in Chronically Hypoxic Hearts. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology (2001) 33, 1041–1045. Hypoxia from birth increases the resistance of the isolated neonatal heart to ischemia. We determined if increased resistance to ischemia was due to activation of sarcolemmal or mitochondrial KATPchannels. Rabbits (n=8/group) were raised from birth in a normoxic (FIO2=0.21) or hypoxic (FIO2=0.12) environment for 8–10 days and the heart perfused with Krebs–Henseleit bicarbonate buffer. A mitochondrial-selective KATPchannel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) (300 μ mol/l) or a sarcolemmal-selective KATPchannel blocker HMR 1098 (30μ mol/l) were added alone or in combination for 20 min prior to a global ischemic period of 30 min, followed by 35 min reperfusion. Recovery of ventricular developed pressure was higher in chronically hypoxic than normoxic hearts. 5-HD and HMR 1098 partially reduced the cardioprotective effect of chronic hypoxia, but had no effect in normoxic hearts. The combination of 5-HD and HMR 1098 abolished the cardioprotective effect of chronic hypoxia. We conclude that both sarcolemmal and mitochondrial KATPchannels contribute to cardioprotection in the chronically hypoxic heart.
Modeling of Effects of Nutrient Gradients on Cell Proliferation in Microfluidic Bioreactor

Precise control of the microenvironment is highly desirable in cell culture to study the cell biology. Microfluidic based bioreactors provide a promising method for the spatial and temporal control of cell growth and stimuli. A three-dimensional nutrient transport model, incorporating the monolayer cell growth model, has been developed to investigate the influence of gradients of oxygen and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the cell culture in the continuous-flow microchannel bioreactor. Our results demonstrate that applying inlet concentration gradients of oxygen and EGF can induce variations of cell density in the y-direction. It is further found that compared to the oxygen gradients the EGF concentration gradients are more efficient in regulating the cell growth.
Evaluation of parameters affecting Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of citrus.

An improved protocol for genetic transformation of juvenile explants of Carrizo (Citrus sinensis Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.), Duncan (Citrus paradisi Macf.), Hamlin (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and Mexican Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) cultivars using a vector containing a bifunctional egfp-nptII fusion gene is described. Several parameters were investigated to optimize genetic transformation of these four cultivars. It was determined that a short preincubation in hormone rich liquid medium and subculture of Agrobacterium for 3 h in YEP medium containing 100 μM acetosyringone were required for improvement of transformation efficiency. Co-cultivation duration as well as addition of acetosyringone to co-cultivation medium also played an important role in transformation efficiency as did OD600 value of the Agrobacterium suspension used for transformation. We regenerated numerous EGFP expressing transgenic lines from all four cultivars. Based on these results, we conclude that genetic transformation of citrus is cultivar specific and optimization of conditions for maximum transgenic production are required for each individual cultivar.
Effects of morphine alone and in combination with naloxone or d-amphetamine on shock-maintained behavior in the squirrel monkey.

Key-pressing behavior in the squirrel monkey was maintained under an 8-min fixed-interval (FI) schedule of electric-shock delivery. The acute i.m. administration of morphine prior to a daily session decreased response rates at doses of 1.0–3.0 mg/kg but had little systematic effect on rate at doses of 0.03–0.3 mg/kg. When naloxone was administered concomitantly with morphine prior to a session, 0.01 mg/kg naloxone required a three-fold increase in the dose of morphine necessary to obtain decreased response rates, 0.1 mg/kg naloxone required a 30-fold increase in morphine, and 1.0 mg/kg required more than a 30-fold increase in morphine. Moreover, the administration of naloxone with morphine resulted in increased rates of responding at certain combinations of doses of the two drugs. The administration of d-amphetamine (0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg) alone increased mean response rates under the FI schedule; when combined with 0.03–0.3 mg/kg morphine the increases in responding were greater than obtained with d-amphetamine alone. The negative slope of the linear regression lines relating the effects of morphine to control rates of responding engendered under the FI schedule was decreased when morphine was combined with naloxone, but not with d-amphetamine. These results show that naloxone, but not d-amphetamine, can antagonize the response-rate decreasing effect of morphine when responding in the squirrel monkey is maintained by response-produced electric shock.
Dichlorophenol-containing pesticides and allergies: results from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006.

Abstract Background Epidemiologic studies support the hypothesis that reduced microbial exposure in westernized societies promotes atopy. Dichlorophenols are widely used as pesticides and for chlorination of water. They have a strong bactericidal effect that could affect microflora in the environment. However, it is unknown whether their use is associated with a higher prevalence of allergies. Objective To test the association between exposure to environmental pesticides represented by dichlorophenols and allergic sensitization measured by allergen-specific serum IgE levels in a US nationally representative sample of 2,211 persons 6 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. Methods Exposure to dichlorophenols was defined as high if their levels in urine were present at the 75th percentile and above. Association of the high exposure to dichlorophenols with sensitization to food and environmental allergens was assessed in logistic regression models after adjustment for sample weights and potential confounders. Results Sensitizations to 1 or more food allergens were more common in those with exposure to 2 dichlorophenol metabolites. After multivariable adjustment, urine dichlorophenol levels at the 75th percentile and above were associated with the presence of sensitization to foods (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.5; P = .003). No significant association was found between dichlorophenol exposure and sensitization to aeroallergens alone. Conclusion High urine levels of dichlorophenols are associated with the presence of sensitization to foods in a US population. Excessive use of dichlorophenols may contribute to the increasing incidence of food allergies in westernized societies.
Presentational and Affect-Management Functions of Nonverbal Involvement

The purpose of this paper is to offer an elaboration of an earlier classification of functions of nonverbal involvement (Patterson, 1982, 1983). Specifically, two additional functions of nonverbal involvement, the presentational function and the affect-management function are proposed and discussed. The presentational function is manifested in the purposeful involvement patterns with partners that are designed to create an identity or image, either at the individual or dyadic level. The affect-management function is manifested when intense affect produces adjustments in nonverbal involvement that either serves to control the negative affect (fear, shame) or maximizes the positive affect (happiness, joy). The two functions are discussed in terms of the circumstances that contribute to their emergence in social settings.
Effect of transiently bound collision on binary diffusion coefficients of free radical species

Abstract The influence of transiently bound collision on the diffusion coefficient of free radicals was examined using molecular dynamics simulations and the Green–Kubo formula. It was found that transiently bound collisions significantly increase the diffusion coefficients of free radicals at temperatures relevant to combustion. The present study suggests that a molecular theory beyond the Chapman–Enskog equation is needed to evaluate the diffusion coefficients of free radicals in laminar flame and other high-temperature reacting flow simulations.
Phytochromes play a role in phototropism and gravitropism in Arabidopsis roots

Phototropism as well as gravitropism plays a role in the oriented growth of roots in flowering plants. In blue or white light, roots exhibit negative phototropism, but red light induces positive phototropism in Arabidopsis roots. Phytochrome A (phyA) and phyB mediate the positive red-light-based photoresponse in roots since single mutants (and the double phyAB mutant) were severely impaired in this response. In blue-light-based negative phototropism, phyA and phyAB (but not phyB) were inhibited in the response relative to the WT. In root gravitropism, phyB and phyAB (but not phyA) were inhibited in the response compared to the WT. The differences observed in tropistic responses were not due to growth limitations since the growth rates among all the mutants tested were not significantly different from that of the WT. Thus, our study shows that the blue-light and red-light systems interact in roots and that phytochrome plays a key role in plant development by integrating multiple environmental stimuli.
SU‐E‐J‐30: Using Shifting Planned Dose Matrix to Evaluate Daily Dose Changes for IMRT Prostate Treatment

Purpose: Summation of daily DVH from KV‐cone beam CT (KV‐CBCT) to obtain a composite dose volume histogram (DVH) is challenging. Directly translating the planned dose matrix according to measured daily prostate displacements provided a common reference frame for a composite DVH from daily DVHs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the shifting planned dosematrix method compared to the dose recalculation method using daily KV‐CBCT. Methods: Six patients, who received concurrent IMRT treatment for prostate and pelvic lymph nodes with 124 daily CBCTs, were selected for this study. Contours for CBCT's were transferred from the planning CT after soft tissue registration for prostate and bony registration for pelvic lymph nodes. Using the same planning beam configurations, we re‐calculated doses for these CBCTs after shifting to corrected treatment isocenters. The planned dose matrix translation was performed by an in‐house program written in MATLAB and incorporated with Computational Environment for Radiotherapy Research (CERR) software. The corresponding daily DVH was obtained by shifting the planned dose matrix according to shifts of treatment iso‐centers. To compare these two methods, selected endpoint doses for tumor targets and sensitive structures were extracted from DVHs. Results: For prostate displacement less then 1.5 cm, the dose matrix shifting method resulted in 93% and 98% fractions within 5% differences from the recalculation method for D95 of prostate and pelvic lymph nodes, respectively. These numbers decreased to 58% and 71% when 2% dose difference criterion was used. Conclusions: Allowing 5% daily dose difference, shifting planned dose matrix provides effective means to evaluating daily dose changes for concurrent IMRT treatment for prostate and pelvic lymph nodes. The utility of this tool is to provide a common coordinate frame to obtain composite dose distributions.
Bird and bat mortality at short, monopole cell towers in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., USA

Bird and bat mortality resulting from collisions with manmade towers is well-documented, and our understanding of this phenomenon is increasing, particularly for taller structures (≥61 m) with guy wires and the obstruction lighting required by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. However, shorter, monopole tower designs remain underinvestigated. We report the results of a 3-year study (2006–2008) on the effects of 2 existing telecommunication (“cell phone”) towers on migratory bird and bat mortality in Rock Creek Park (ROCR), Washington, D.C., USA. The towers in ROCR are the shorter (30.9 m and 39.6 m in ht), monopole design and lack obstruction lighting and guy wires. We conducted mortality surveys on a daily basis during spring and autumn migrations, and conducted weekly surveys during the summer. Bird carcasses were collected, but we were unable to attribute any avian or bat mortality to the towers at these sites. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
The USSR, the United Nations, and the General Welfare

INTERNATIONAL organizations have long been called "forums" and "sounding boards" for national governments. But these facile metaphors have less often been followed with careful accounts of what was being argued in the international marketplace and what tones and reverberations the resonators were projecting. Yet international organization activities clearly do provide national governments with opportunities and encouragement to exhibit the substance of their foreign policies. The international organizations might well be treated as useful indicators of governmental aspirations and intentions. Readings from such indicators could have particular importance in understanding the policies of governments whose decision processes are shielded by difficult communications or deliberate secrecy. The Soviet Union is one such government. For all its prestige, vast diplomatic corps, and even more encompassing propaganda facilities, its policies can be difficult to describe, let alone understand. Its decision processes remain hidden. Key personnel often are unknown in the international environment. No legislative committees obligingly report the detailed reasoning which underlies specific policies. Nevertheless, the influence of the Soviet Union is such that a tone sounded in Moscow vibrates through a score of intergovernmental agency headquarters and in widely scattered field posts. From the vantage point of the United Nations and its sister organizations, Soviet policy can be heard in an endless series of declarations. It can also be seen in the engagement of Soviet resources and personnel in an expanding program of operations. Despite the accessibility of the international organization vantage point, the two books to be discussed here can fairly be called pioneer-
Homotopical approach to strong shape or completion theory

Abstract In this paper we present a categorical approach to strong shape and completion theories based on Quillen's axioms for a closed simplicial model category. We prove that if M ⊂ C is an ‘admissible’ pair of categories, then there is an induced closed simplicial model structure on C . Various interpretations of the pair M ⊂ C yield homotopy theories related to strong shape theory of topological spaces and completion theories of Artin-Mazur, Bousfield-Kan and Sullivan.
Dropshaft Hydrodynamics under Transient Conditions

The hydrodynamics of a dropshaft‐drift tube system under two transient conditions, namely, rapid increase of dropshaft inflow and strong main tunnel surge, is studied analytically and numerically. The governing equations are derived, and then linearized to explicitly represent the system's responses to external disturbances. The linearized study shows that the water column in the dropshaft oscillates sinusoidally in response to a disturbance. The amplitude of the oscillation was found to increase with the strength of disturbance as well as the fundamental period of the system. For inflow‐caused disturbances, a typical dynamic instability phenomenon exhibited by growing amplitude of oscillations may exist under certain conditions. For both types of disturbances, the amplitude can be so large that water in the dropshaft may overshoot the ground surface, causing damages. The analytical results are verified by direct numerical solutions of the original nonlinear equations and field records.
Plant NB-LRR Immune Receptors: From Recognition to Transcriptional Reprogramming

Both plants and animals contain nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR)-type immune receptors that function during defense against pathogens. Unlike animal NB-LRRs that recognize general pathogen or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs), plant NB-LRR immune receptors have evolved the ability to specifically recognize a wide range of effector proteins from different pathogens. Recent research has revealed that plant NB-LRRs are incredibly adaptive in their ways of pathogen recognition and defense initiation. This review focuses on the remarkable variety of functions, recognition mechanisms, subcellular localizations, and host factors associated with plant NB-LRR immune receptors.
A parallel solution-adaptive scheme for ideal magnetohydrodynamics

A parallel adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) scheme is described for solving the hyperbolic system of partial-differential equations governing ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows in three space dimensions. This highly parallelized algorithm adopts a cell-centered upwind finite-volume discretization procedure and uses limited solution reconstruction, approximate Riemann solvers, and explicit multistage time stepping to solve the MHD equations in divergence form, providing a combination of high solution accuracy and computational robustness across a large range in the plasma P (/3 is the ratio of thermal and magnetic pressures). A flexible block-based hierarchical data structure is used to facilitate automatic solution adaption on Cartesian mesh using physics-based refinement criteria. In addition, the data structure naturally lends itself to domain decomposition, thereby enabling efficient and scalable implementations of the method on MIMD (multiple-instruction multipledata) distributed-memory multi-processor architectures. The model has been developed on several massively parallel computer platforms and high parallel performance has been achieved (342 GFlops has been attained on a 1,490-processor Cray T3E 1200 with near-perfect scalability). Numerical results for MHD simulations of magnetospheric and heliospheric plasma flows are described to demonstrate the validity and capabilities of the approach for space physics applications. *Assistant Research Scientist, Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, Senior Member AIAA t Assistant Research Scientist, Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, Member AIAA XAssociate Professor, Aerospace Engineering, Senior Member AIAA §Professor, Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences ‘Professor, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Copyright @I999 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and .4stronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.
Compounds Found in the Defensive Scent Fluid of Dicaelus splendidus and D. dilatatus (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

One of the earliest ground beetles to appear in late winter around Austin, Texas, is the richly tinted Dicaelus splendidus (Say). This insect has an attractive, metallic sheen, a rather docile temperament, and a pair of potent scent glands. A second species, D. dilatatus (Say), can be found a month or two later, especially after a soaking spring rain. This species is quite similar to D. splendidus in temperament and chemical defense, but lacks the metallic coloration.
Splanchnic lactate production in cardiac surgery patients.

ObjectiveTo review the pathophysiology of lactic acidosis in patients undergoing open-heart surgery, with special reference to the splanchnic circulation.Data SourceMEDLINE search of pertinent experimental and clinical research studies.ResultsLactate is an end-product of anaerobic metabolism and is
Residential dust lead loading immediately after intervention in the HUD lead hazard control grant program.

At the conclusion of most lead hazard control interventions in federally assisted housing built before 1978, a certified clearance examiner must verify that the lead hazard control work was completed as specified and that the area is safe for residents, a process referred to as clearance. This study explores the experience of 14 grantees participating in the Evaluation of the HUD Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control Grant Program in passing clearance. The study also considers how preintervention lead levels (interior dust and paint), building condition/characteristics, and the scope of work influenced initial clearance dust lead loadings and clearance rates. At the initial clearance inspection, 80% of the 2682 dwellings achieved grantee-specific clearance standards on windowsills, window troughs (500 μ g/ft 2 and 800 μ g/ft 2 , respectively), and floors (80, 100, or 200 μ g/ft 2 depending on state/local regulations at the dates of clearance in the mid-1990s), with individual grantee success rates ranging from ...
Estimating the number of change-points via Schwarz criterion

An estimator of the number of change-points in an independent normal sequence is proposed via Schwarz' criterion. Weak consistency of this estimator is established.
Prospect for observation of polarization in electron-deuteron elastic scattering at high momentum transfer

A measurement of the charge and quadrupole form factors of the deuteron would address the most fundamental questions in nuclear physics: validity of perturbative QCD at relatively low momentum transfer, effect of isoscalar meson-exchange currents, and the deuteron structure at short range. Polarization methods will be required in order to provide the separation of these form factors. We propose that the high current of electrons in a storage ring be employed in order to scatter electrons from a gaseous, tensor-polarized, deuterium target.
A simple method for the calibration of the decoupler radiofrequency field strength

Abstract A simple experiment is proposed which provides a convenient way to calibrate the decoupler radiofrequency field strength over a wide range of magnitudes and with high accuracy. The calibration can be performed on the sample to be investigated and an example is shown for sucrose.
Activity Studies of Immobilized Subtilisin on Functionalized Pure Cellulose-Based Membranes

The activity of immobilized subtilisin BPN' on pure cellulose-based membrane support was investigated using site-directed and random immobilization approaches. The catalytic activity of site-directed immobilized subtilisin on pure cellulose fiber-based materials was found to be 81% of that in homogeneous solution, while that of randomly immobilized subtilisin was 27%. Pure cellulose membrane supports provided large surface areas for high enzyme loading without diffusional limitations. The activity of immobilized subtilisin on pure cellulose support was more than twice that on a modified polyether sulfone (MPS) membrane, which was attributed to the higher hydrophilicity of cellulose. Immobilized subtilisin maintained its initial activity for 14 days at 4 degrees C and 7 days at 24 degrees C. The immobilized enzyme could resist higher temperature and operate over a wider range of pH without loss of activity. This study showed that pure cellulose fiber-based membranes are well suited for enzyme immobilization and biocatalysis.
Two-port hybrid ring dipole with simultaneous sum and difference element patterns

The design of a two-port dipole that is fed by a hybrid ring is described. The two dipole ports provide simultaneous sum and difference element patterns. A prototype element was designed and fabricated. The input return loss for the two ports and isolation between ports was greater than 15 dB. The sum and difference patterns were verified by measurements in an anechoic chamber.
Dynamic algorithm transformations (DAT) for low-power adaptive signal processing

Presented in this paper are algorithm transformation techniques for adaptive signal processing, which allow dynamic alteration of algorithm properties in response to signal non-stationarities. These transformations, referred to as dynamic algorithm transformations (DAT), jointly optimize algorithm and circuit performance measures such as signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and power dissipation (P/sub D/), respectively. A DAT-based signal processing system is composed of a signal monitoring algorithm (SMA) block and a signal processing algorithm (SPA) block. First, computation of the theoretical power-optimum SPA configuration incorporating signal transition activity is presented. Next, practical SMA schemes are developed, which achieved power reduction by a combination of powering down the filter taps and modifying the coefficients. The DAT-based adaptive filter is then employed as a near-end cross-talk (NEXT) canceller in 155.52 Mb/s ATM-LAN over category 3 wiring. Simulation results indicate that the power savings for the NEXT canceller range from 21%-62% as the cable length varies from 100 meters to 70 meters.
A Collaborative Approach for Mentor Training: A Working Model:

Sprinthall provides a critique of current teacher induction programs and suggests a framework for a comprehen sive response to improve inservice teacher preparation, with veteran teachers assuming new roles as trainers for neophyte teachers. Such roles legiti mate an explicit shift for teacher induc tion from the university to the school. The author's model enables local educa tion agency (LEA) teachers to act as clin ical faculty and provides an opportunity for university professors to serve as ex tension agents.
The Possibility of an Ongoing Moral Catastrophe

This article gives two arguments for believing that our society is unknowingly guilty of serious, large-scale wrongdoing. First is an inductive argument: most other societies, in history and in the world today, have been unknowingly guilty of serious wrongdoing, so ours probably is too. Second is a disjunctive argument: there are a large number of distinct ways in which our practices could turn out to be horribly wrong, so even if no particular hypothesized moral mistake strikes us as very likely, the disjunction of all such mistakes should receive significant credence. The article then discusses what our society should do in light of the likelihood that we are doing something seriously wrong: we should regard intellectual progress, of the sort that will allow us to find and correct our moral mistakes as soon as possible, as an urgent moral priority rather than as a mere luxury; and we should also consider it important to save resources and cultivate flexibility, so that when the time comes to change our policies we will be able to do so quickly and smoothly.
Stand Density Index Applied to Timber and Goshawk Habitat Objectives in Douglas-Fir

Silvicultural guidelines are presented for the management of intermountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands for sawtimber production and goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) nesting habitat in the northern Rocky Mountains. Data from 14 goshawk nest stands in Douglas-fir forests on the Targhee National Forest in Idaho (Patla 1991) were used to characterize the range of stand conditions considered suitable for goshawk nesting. A density management regime is presented using Reineke's stand density index that includes a technical rotation designed to produce sawlogs with a single commercial thinning. On average timber-growing sites, stands reach goshawk habitat suitability when site height is 25 m at age 75 and provide 65 years of goshawk nesting habitat until the final harvest at age 140. Approximately 1320 m3/ha are harvested over the rotation. On higher-quality sites, rotation length declines from 140 to 85 years, of which roughly 35 years are suitable for goshawk nesting.
One Tool for Many Tasks: Integrating Ipads into the Third-Year Learning Experience

Librarians worked with faculty in the School of Medicine to integrate iPad tablets into the third-year pediatric clerkship. The use of the technology allowed students instant access to information in the clinical setting and simplified the management of the course. In addition, a variety of tablet and e-reader devices were purchased for patron check-out. Library management of the devices is discussed. Use of the devices is described, and student reactions are presented.
Multiple ornaments in male northern cardinals, Cardinalis cardinalis, as indicators of condition

Investigations of male ornaments in the context of sexual selection have tended to focus on single ornaments, although many species of birds possess multiple ornaments. Understanding the evolution of multiple ornaments requires knowledge of correlations among ornaments in the same individual and the extent to which ornament expression reflects individual condition and behavior. Variation in four male ornaments in socially monogamous, biparental northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) was related to body size, indices of condition, level of paternal care, and reproductive success. Redness of breast plumage positively predicted body size and negatively predicted nestling feeding rate. Bill color predicted current body condition, with birds with redder bills in better condition. Birds with smaller black face masks had greater reproductive success. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that different ornaments in male cardinals provide information on different aspects of condition and behavior.
Oklahoma weather phenomena that may affect aviation

We report here the latest studies by the National Severe Storms Laboratory of interest to the aviation community. Of particular importance are turbulence produced by storms, low-altitude wind shear in storm outflows, and downdrafts and gust fronts. Storm turbulence has been studied extensively with the help of Doppler radar. Comparison of spatial spectra of longitudinal and transverse velocities has revealed that in severe storms the outer scale of turbulence is at least 2 km. Because of this and because measurements of spectrum widths at two different viewing angles agree, the width could prove a good indicator of storm turbulence that may affect aircraft. We report on the asymmetry of low-altitude divergent outflows produced by downbursts in Oklahoma. This has implications for the detection and quantification of these phenomena with pulsed Doppler radar. Gust front shears estimated by Doppler radar (at heights between 50-600 m) average 1.6 times the shear measured a few meters above the surface. Tall tower data show that both wind speed and wind shear increase in the lowest 90 m of the atmosphere. Thus, surface-based anemometers considerably underestimate wind shear just 100 m or so above the surface. Doppler radars located near airports may allow measurements at such low altitudes and resolve significant wind shears. Automatic methods to detect, track, and extrapolate shear produced by waves and gravity currents (downbursts) are being developed, and some results are shown.
Ordinary modular forms and companion points on the eigencurve

Abstract We give a new proof of a result due to Breuil and Emerton which relates the splitting behavior at p of the p-adic Galois representation attached to a p-ordinary modular form to the existence of an overconvergent p-adic companion form for f.
Vitrectomy in infants and children with retinal detachments caused by cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia.

Four infants and one child with retinal detachments from cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia involving traction judged too severe to be relieved by scleral buckling alone underwent lensectomy and vitrectomy. Three retinas were successfully reattached. Because of the incomplete development of the pars plana in infants and the manner in which the peripheral retina is pulled anteriorly to a position near or in contact with the posterior lens capsule, entry through the pars plana can create iatrogenic tears in the peripheral retina or introduction of irrigation fluid under the retina. Our experience has shown that a small contact lens makes it possible to work in the posterior vitreous cavity through the limbal approach in these infants. The circumferential traction produced by the ring of fibrovascular proliferation behind the lens can be relieved and tractional bands running forward from the posterior pole can be cut. Fibrovascular proliferative tissue lying on the posterior pole, however, proved resistant to membrane peeling or dissection, and its severity seemed to determine the success or failure of the surgery.
Calculation of the absorption coefficient for lines with combined Doppler and Lorentz broadening

Abstract Methods are described for calculating the spectral absorption coefficient for lines with combined Doppler and Lorentz broadening.
Theoretical And Experimental Investigation Of Reditrons

We have carried out theoretical and experimental study to optimize the efficiency of microwave production of the reditron. In the optimal configuration, we have achieved the production of 3.3 GW of microwave radiation at 10.0% efficiency with a very narrow spectrum centered at 2.15 GHz. This is roughly a factor of 3.5 increase in efficiency and about 3 in bandwidth narrowing over conventional vircators. In additon, we found that the use of cavities can achieved bandwidth narrowing, stability of frequency during repeated operation, improvement of mode selectivity.
Tourette syndrome and the eye.

Abstract Background Tourette syndrome is a stress-sensitive neurologic disorder characterized by involuntary vocal and motor tics. Both Tourette syndrome and the medical treatment for this condition can affect the eye. Case reports Case 1: A 5-year-old boy was brought in to see the optometrist by his mother for excessive “flinching” of the eyes. The flinching was actually excessive blinking and, after consulting with the patient's pediatrician and a neurologist, Tourette syndrome was diagnosed. Case 2: An adult male patient complained that, on occasion, he would forcibly blink out his soft contact lenses. He had previously received a diagnosis of Tourette syndrome, which is successfully managed with medication. Conclusion Eye signs in Tourette syndrome include excessive blinking, squinting, eye rolling, exaggerated eye opening and closing, and problems with saccades. Because the eye can be involved in Tourette syndrome, the optometrist should be aware of the different manifestations of the condition, which often go unrecognized.
Physician Attitudes toward Adopting Genome-Guided Prescribing through Clinical Decision Support

This study assessed physician attitudes toward adopting genome-guided prescribing through clinical decision support (CDS), prior to enlisting in the Clinical Implementation of Personalized Medicine through Electronic Health Records and Genomics pilot pharmacogenomics project (CLIPMERGE PGx). We developed a survey instrument that includes the Evidence Based Practice Attitude Scale, adapted to measure attitudes toward adopting genome-informed interventions (EBPAS-GII). The survey also includes items to measure physicians’ characteristics (awareness, experience, and perceived usefulness), attitudes about personal genome testing (PGT) services, and comfort using technology. We surveyed 101 General Internal Medicine physicians from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS). The majority were residency program trainees (~88%). Prior to enlisting into CLIPMERGE PGx, most physicians were aware of and had used decision support aids. Few physicians, however, were aware of and had used genome-guided prescribing. The majority of physicians viewed decision support aids and genotype data as being useful for making prescribing decisions. Most physicians had not heard of, but were willing to use, PGT services and felt comfortable interpreting PGT results. Most physicians were comfortable with technology. Physicians who perceived genotype data to be useful in making prescribing decisions, had more positive attitudes toward adopting genome-guided prescribing through CDS. Our findings suggest that internal medicine physicians have a deficit in their familiarity and comfort interpreting and using genomic information. This has reinforced the importance of gathering feedback and guidance from our enrolled physicians when designing genome-guided CDS and the importance of prioritizing genomic medicine education at our institutions.
Comparison of Convective Mass and Heat Transports in Tropical Easterly Waves Computed by Two Methods

Abstract Convective fluxes of mass and beat in tropical easterly waves were computed by a slightly modified version of the method of Austin and Houze (1973). The input data for this method are radar and raingage observations of cloud heights and precipitation amounts. The computed fluxes were compared to convective fluxes inferred from budget studies of synoptic-scale rawinsonde data for the same easterly waves. Good agreement between the two methods was obtained for mass and heat fluxes in the middle troposphere. For the lower troposphere, our calculations showed smaller transports of man and heat than were indicated by large-scale budget studies. This result arises because many shallow convective clouds do not precipitate and thus axe not included in calculations based on precipitation data. When the effects of small clouds (tops below 6 km) were removed from the calculations based on large-scale budgets, excellent agreement was obtained in the lower as well as middle troposphere. This study shows that ...
HIV Infection and Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

As the population with HIV continues to age, specialists in HIV care are increasingly encountering chronic health conditions, which now include osteoporosis, osteopenia, and fragility fractures. The pathophysiology of the bone effects of HIV infection is complex and includes traditional risk factors for bone loss as well as specific effects due to the virus itself, chronic inflammation, and HAART. Examining risk factors for low bone density and screening of certain patients is suggested, and consideration should be given to treatment for those considered high risk for fracture.
Rod photoreceptor-specific gene expression in human retinoblastoma cells.

Abstract Retinoblastoma cells in culture have previously been shown to express cone-specific genes but not their rod counterparts. We have detected the messages for the rod alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), the rod alpha subunit of transducin, rod opsin, and the cone alpha' subunit of PDE in RNA of human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells by reverse transcription-PCR. Quantitative analysis of the mRNAs for the rod alpha and cone alpha' PDE subunits revealed that they were expressed at comparable levels; however, the transcript encoding the rod beta PDE subunit was 10 times more abundant in these cells. Northern hybridization analysis of Y-79 cell RNA confirmed the presence of the transcripts for rod and cone PDE catalytic subunits. To test whether the transcriptional machinery required for the expression of rod-specific genes was endogenous in Y-79 retinoblastoma cells, cultures were transfected with a construct containing the promoter region of the rod beta PDE subunit gene attached to the firefly luciferase reporter vector. Significant levels of reporter enzyme activity were observed in the cell lysates. Our results demonstrate that the Y-79 retinoblastoma cell line is a good model system for the study of transcriptional regulation of rod-specific genes.
Drug Problems in China Recent Trends, Countermeasures, and Challenges

Drug crime in China is on an overall rising trend. Major drug crime cases are becoming more common, the types of drugs being trafficked are more diverse, and the smuggling and trafficking of drugs into the country and the smuggling of precursor chemicals out of the country have formed a bidirectional cycle. Drug crimes in China have also begun to show a conspicuous trend of internationalization. China's main countermeasures against drug crimes have been to pass new laws and regulations against drugs, to increase the efforts to eradicate cultivation, to establish and expand "drug-free communities" programs, and to strengthen international cooperation in antidrug campaigns. The existing problems demand prompt solutions, which include a shortage of funding and lack of accurate knowledge about prevalence of drug abuse and related data for scientifically studying the drug problems.
Fatal varicella in steroid-dependent asthma.

Abstract Disseminated varicella infection is a potentially life-threatening complication of chronic high-dose corticosteroid (CS) or immunosuppressive therapy. A review of the literature indicates that, with one possible exception, this complication has not occurred in a CS-dependent subject with asthma. We present in this article the clinical features and autopsy findings of a steroid-dependent subject with asthma who died of acute, disseminated varicella. A 16-year-old poorly compliant, steroid-dependent subject with asthma received two courses of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone during a 3-week period, followed by a tapering schedule of oral prednisone. During this time, she was exposed to chickenpox. She subsequently developed a classic varicella rash, severe back pain, rapidly progressive hepatic failure, pneumonitis, and encephalopathy. Death ensued 3 days after the onset of the rash. Evidence of disseminated varicella infection was confirmed at autopsy. This case illustrates that a small number of subjects with severe asthma receiving high-dose CS need to be considered as a separate, high-risk group for developing disseminated varicella. We recommend that the immune status of these patients to varicella-zoster virus be assessed by a serum titer. If these patients are nonimmune, they would be candidates for varicella-zoster immune globulin on exposure, and for acyclovir therapy should varicella dissemination occur.
Development of a multitarget real-time TaqMan PCR assay for enhanced detection of Francisella tularensis in complex specimens.

Tularemia is the zoonotic disease caused by the gram-negative coccobacillus Francisella tularensis. Its wide distribution in the environment poses a challenge for understanding the transmission, ecology, and epidemiology of the disease. F. tularensis is also considered a potential biological weapon due to its extreme infectivity. We have developed a multitarget real-time TaqMan PCR assay capable of rapidly and accurately detecting F. tularensis in complex specimens. Targeted regions included the ISFtu2 element and the 23kDa, fopA, and tul4 genes. Analysis of the four TaqMan assays demonstrated that three (ISFtu2, 23kDa, and tul4) performed within our established criterion of a detection limit of one organism. The combined use of the three assays was highly specific, displaying no cross-reactivity with the non-Francisella bacteria tested and capable of differentially diagnosing both F. tularensis and Francisella philomiragia. When the multitarget TaqMan assay (ISFtu2, 23kDa, and tul4) was compared to culturing, using environmentally contaminated specimens, the TaqMan PCR assay was significantly more sensitive than culturing (P ≤ 0.05). The sensitive and specific nature of this rapid multitarget TaqMan assay provides a valuable new tool that with future evaluations can be used for analyzing clinical specimens, field samples during bioterrorism threat assessment, and samples from outbreaks and for improving our understanding of the ecology and environmental prevalence of F. tularensis.
Impact of stuttering on perception of occupational competence

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether persons who stutter are regarded as being less competent than others in the same occupation. Forty-eight undergraduate students who were enrolled in an introductory public speaking course rated one of four scenarios (“a lawyer,” “a lawyer who stutters,” “a factory worker,” or “a factory worker who stutters”) on each of 81 semantic differential scales. Analyses of the ratings indicated that while both the lawyer and factory worker who stuttered were perceived as being less competent than others in these occupations, the negative impact of stuttering on the “appearance of competence” was greater for the former than for the latter. Clinical implications are discussed.
Blueberry Muffin Rash and Respiratory Distress in a Late Preterm Infant

A late preterm infant presented with blueberry muffin rash and respiratory distress present at birth (Fig 1). Figure 1. ### Prenatal History: ### Birth History and Presentation: ### Vital Signs: ### Physical Examination: