cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term Follow-up of In-stent Stenosis After Pipeline Flow Diversion Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms.

Background There is scant information on in-stent stenosis after flow diversion treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED). Objective To assess the incidence, severity, nature, and clinical consequences of in-stent stenosis on angiographic follow-up after treatment with the PED. Methods A retrospective study of patients who underwent aneurysm treatment with the PED was conducted. In-stent stenosis was assessed on subsequent follow-up angiography. Intimal hyperplasia was defined as a uniform growth process beyond the limits of the metallic mesh at 75%). Results Between June 2011 and April 2015, 80 patients were treated with the PED. Angiographic follow-up was available for 51 patients (representing 76% of available or 64% of all patients). Mean follow-up was 12.5 months. In-stent stenosis was detected in 5 patients (9.8%) at a median of 6 months. Stenosis was mild in 4 of 5 (80%) and moderate in 1 of 5 (20%) patients. There were no cases of severe stenosis. No stenosis caused flow limitation, clinical symptoms, or required re-treatment. Additional follow-up angiography was available in 2 of 5 stenosis patients showing marked improvement. Sixteen patients (31%) had intimal hyperplasia, and 28 patients (55%) had no stenosis. Asymptomatic stent occlusion occurred in 2 patients (4%) related to medication noncompliance. Conclusion Treatment with the PED was associated with a 9.8% rate of in-stent stenosis, detected on first angiographic follow-up, at a median of 6 months. None were symptomatic or required re-treatment, and they showed significant improvement on follow-up. Abbreviation FD, flow diverter.
A Fast QR Algorithm for Companion Matrices

It has been shown in [4, 5, 6, 31] that the Hessenberg iterates of a companion matrix under the QR iterations have low off-diagonal rank structures. Such invariant rank structures were exploited therein to design fast QR iteration algorithms for finding eigenvalues of companion matrices. These algorithms require only O(n) storage and run in O(n2) time where n is the dimensiosn of the matrix. In this paper, we propose a new O(n2) complexity QR algorithm for real companion matrices by representing the matrices in the iterations in their sequentially semi-separable (SSS) forms [9, 10]. The bulge chasing is done on the SSS form QR factors of the Hessenberg iterates. Both double shift and single shift versions are provided. Deflation and balancing are also discussed. Numerical results are presented to illustrate both high efficiency and numerical robustness of the new QR algorithm.
Applying a weighted random forests method to extract karst sinkholes from LiDAR data

Summary Detailed mapping of sinkholes provides critical information for mitigating sinkhole hazards and understanding groundwater and surface water interactions in karst terrains. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) measures the earth’s surface in high-resolution and high-density and has shown great potentials to drastically improve locating and delineating sinkholes. However, processing LiDAR data to extract sinkholes requires separating sinkholes from other depressions, which can be laborious because of the sheer number of the depressions commonly generated from LiDAR data. In this study, we applied the random forests, a machine learning method, to automatically separate sinkholes from other depressions in a karst region in central Kentucky. The sinkhole-extraction random forest was grown on a training dataset built from an area where LiDAR-derived depressions were manually classified through a visual inspection and field verification process. Based on the geometry of depressions, as well as natural and human factors related to sinkholes, 11 parameters were selected as predictive variables to form the dataset. Because the training dataset was imbalanced with the majority of depressions being non-sinkholes, a weighted random forests method was used to improve the accuracy of predicting sinkholes. The weighted random forest achieved an average accuracy of 89.95% for the training dataset, demonstrating that the random forest can be an effective sinkhole classifier. Testing of the random forest in another area, however, resulted in moderate success with an average accuracy rate of 73.96%. This study suggests that an automatic sinkhole extraction procedure like the random forest classifier can significantly reduce time and labor costs and makes its more tractable to map sinkholes using LiDAR data for large areas. However, the random forests method cannot totally replace manual procedures, such as visual inspection and field verification.
Effects of reversible inactivation of the primate mesencephalic reticular formation. II. Hypometric vertical saccades.

Electrical microstimulation and single-unit recording have suggested that a group of long-lead burst neurons (LLBNs) in the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) just lateral to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) (the peri-INC MRF, piMRF) may play a role in the generation of vertical rapid eye movements. Inactivation of this region with muscimol (a GABA(A) agonist) rapidly produced vertical saccade hypometria (6 injections). In three of six injections, there was a marked reduction in the velocity of vertical saccades out of proportion to saccade amplitude (i.e., saccades fell below the main sequence). This was associated with a moderate increase in saccade duration. Inadvertent inactivation of the INC could not account for these observations because vertical, postsaccadic drift was not observed. Similarly, pure downward saccade hypometria, the hallmark of rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) inactivation, was always preceded by loss of upward saccades in our experiments. We also found a downward and ipsiversive displacement of initial eye position and evidence of a contraversive head tilt following piMRF injections. Saccade latency was shorter after two of six injections. Simulation of a local feedback model provided three possible explanations for vertical saccade hypometria: 1) a shift in the input to the model to request smaller saccades, 2) a reduction of LLBN input to the vertical saccade medium lead burst neurons (MLBNs), or 3) an increase in the gain of the feedback pathway. However, when the second hypothesis was coupled to a shortened duration of the saccade trigger (i.e., the discharge of the omnipause neurons), the physiological observations of piMRF inactivation could be replicated. This suggested that muscimol had targeted structures that provided both long-lead burst activity to the MLBNs in the riMLF and were critical for reactivation of the omnipause neurons. Evidence of markedly reduced vertical saccade amplitude, curved saccade trajectories, increased saccade duration, and saccades that fall below the amplitude/velocity main sequence in these monkeys closely parallels the oculomotor findings of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).
Evaluation of an aerial quadcopter power-plant for underwater operation

This paper presents a preliminary feasibility study of using aerial, fixed-pitch propellers, underwater. Tests were performs in both air and in water using a test stand that was designed to study the efficiency of commercially available, counter-rotating, multirotor propellers. Experimental results showed that the propellers can operate ably underwater in terms of thrust to power ratio at low rotational speeds without significant cavitation. These results are currently being used to develop a novel Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) quadcopter that can fly in air and maneuver underwater. The use of only a single set of aerial rotors and motors for use in both air and underwater greatly reduces cost, weight, and complexity compared to other Aquatic Aerial-Underwater Vehicle concepts.
Characteristics of Si-Implanted (211) Versus (100) GaAs

Transport, Raman and XPS measurements were made on Si-implanted (1.7x1013cm-2, 50keV) and rapid-thermal annealed (100) and (211) GaAs substrates in an effort to distinguish differences between the two orientations. With these techniques, no significant differences were found. The implant-damage depth was about 1200A for both orientations, with slightly higher near-surface damage (and lower mobility) apparent for (211). No unusual features in the (211) carrier concentration profile, as was previously reported, were evident.
Successful Cultivation of Spleen Fragments in Organ Culture.

SummaryA new modification of the organ culture technic has been described utilizing glass beakers, Teflon® rings and lens paper. It is relatively simple and easily adapted to large-scale use. Mouse spleen fragments cultivated by this method demonstrated early loss of follicular pattern, degeneration of lymphocytes and proliferation of reticulum cells. After 2 weeks of cultivation new lymphoid follicles formed and by 4 weeks follicular pattern was well established, with appearance of lymphocytes in all stages of development. In addition, plasma cells, megakaryocytes and reticulum cells were present and at the periphery, which was partially surrounded by a fibrous capsule, there were present numerous macrophages containing hemoglobin pigment.
Standardizing central line safety: lessons learned for physician leaders.

A comprehensive central venous catheter (CVC) safety program reduces mechanical and infectious complications and requires an integrated multidisciplinary effort. A multistate health care system imp...
Implementation And Assessment Of Case Studies In The Engineering Curriculum

The history of the development of practice in many engineering disciplines is, in large part, the story of failures, both imminent and actual, and of the changes to designs, standards and procedures made as the result of timely interventions or forensic analyses. In addition to technical issues, concepts such as professional and ethical responsibility are highlighted by failure cases. Pilot studies have been carried out over several semesters to assess the use of failure case studies in civil engineering and engineering mechanics courses at Cleveland State University under an earlier NSF project. Student learning has been assessed through surveys as well as focus groups, led by researchers from the Cleveland State University College of Education and Human Services. Students were asked specifically about the technical lessons learned, as well as their response to the case studies. Case study questions were included on homework assignments and examinations. Survey questions linked student achievement to learning outcomes. The focus groups identified additional benefits to the use of case studies. Students observed that the cases helped build engineering identity, and provided historical understanding. The cases made the technical information relevant and linked theory to practice. The project described in this paper will extend the work of implementing and assessing case studies from Cleveland State University to eleven other university partners, including using case studies in an Introduction to Engineering course for first year students, as well as the NSF Materials Digital Library for a total of thirteen universities participating in the project. The project is a work in progress, starting in the fall of 2009.
Initial Dilution Prediction for Ocean Outfalls

Methods for predicting initial dilution and rise height of wastefields produced by ocean outfalls are reviewed. Equations are presented for estimating these parameters for limiting cases dependent on whether the jets are merging or non-merging, and on whether the receiving water is stagnant or flowing, density stratified or uniformly mixed.
INDUSTRIAL SITUATION OF UNSATURATED POLYESTERAND ITS APPLICATION MARKET IN CHINA

The industrial yield,import and exports volume,consumption of unsaturated polyester resin(UPR)and its application market in 2002 and 2003 were discribed in this paper.Some interested problems existed now were also indicated.
Effect of alpha 1-adrenergic blockade on myocardial blood flow during exercise after myocardial infarction

The effect of alpha 1-adrenergic blockade with prazosin on myocardial blood flow at rest and during two levels of treadmill exercise was assessed in 16 chronically instrumented dogs 9-14 days after myocardial infarction had been produced by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery. During resting conditions prazosin did not alter mean myocardial blood flow or the subendocardial-to-subepicardial flow ratio in either normally perfused or collateral-dependent myocardium. However, during exercise at comparable external work loads and comparable rate-pressure products, prazosin significantly increased blood flow to normally perfused (27% increase at the second level of exercise, P less than 0.001) and collateral-dependent myocardium (35% increase at the second level of exercise, P less than 0.001) compared with control. In addition, prazosin caused a small but significant decrease in the subendocardial-to-subepicardial flow ratio in both normal (1.27 +/- 0.04 to 1.19 +/- 0.04; P less than 0.01) and collateral-dependent myocardium (0.57 +/- 0.11 to 0.52 +/- 0.11; P less than 0.01) compared with control, reflecting a disproportionally greater increase in subepicardial flow in response to alpha 1-adrenergic blockade. These data demonstrate that alpha 1-adrenergic vasoconstriction inhibits coronary vasodilation during exercise, even in areas of collateral-dependent myocardium relatively early after coronary artery occlusion.
Strategies For Constructing A Guinea Pig Organ Of Corti Cdna Library And Its Potential Use

A description of why cDNA libraries are important and how it is possible to make such a library from the organ of Corti are revealed in this article. A cDNA library of the organ of Corti can be the basis of studying genes involved in hereditary nonsyndromic hearing impairment.
69 Helmet camera study of adult and child bicycling patterns and injury risk factors by gender

Statement of purpose The purpose of this study was to naturalistically examine bicycling behaviours and risks by age and gender. Methods/approach We conducted a naturalistic, first-hand, bicycling study of 10 children (aged 10 to 14) and 10 adults. Participants were asked to record all of their bicycling trips, via a GPS-enabled helmet camera and trip diaries, for one week. Eligible participants lived in Johnson County, Iowa, and regularly rode their bicycle. Data were manually reviewed and coded to identify and calculate rates of safety-critical events (bicyclist and driver errors, near crashes, and crashes) and bicycle trip characteristics (route, distance, time of day, sidewalk riding, and use of on and off-street bicycle facilities). Results Video and GPS data were captured for 283 bicycle trips (57 h, 670 miles). During the one week study period, boys took more trips than girls (Mean trips: 12.6 vs. 8.8) but trip lengths were similar (Mean miles per trip: 1.1 vs.1.3). Male and female adults took a similar number of trips (Mean: 15.2 vs. 15.6), but males had longer trips (Mean miles per trip: 5.0 vs. 2.0; p = 0.01). Children had lower error rates than adults (0.13 vs 0.31 per mile), but they rode more often on the sidewalk (56.4% vs 12.7%; p Conclusions The use of GPS-enabled helmet cameras is an effective tool for capturing bicycling experiences first-hand. Data captured in this study revealed large variations between both adults and children and males and females in bicycling behaviours. Significance and contributions Data from this study are unique, as they are the first naturalistic cycling data collected among children and in the United States. Results begin to reveal differences by age and gender in bicycling safety and use of the transportation system, which can inform both intervention development and infrastructure design.
Principles of Eastern Philosophies Viewed from the Framework of Yalom's Four Existential Concerns

If Yalom's (1980) four existential concerns areapplicable to all humans, then individuals inEastern cultures also are affected by suchultimate life-themes. Yalom's four existentialconcerns of the inevitability of death,groundlessness, isolation, and meaninglessnessare used as a framework to explore how Easternphilosophies address these ultimate concerns.Eastern philosophies and techniques are viewedas beneficial for addressing the existentialthemes that are experienced by individuals inand outside of the counseling session.
Taxi Dispatch With Real-Time Sensing Data in Metropolitan Areas: A Receding Horizon Control Approach

Traditional taxi systems in metropolitan areas often suffer from inefficiencies due to uncoordinated actions as system capacity and customer demand change. With the pervasive deployment of networked sensors in modern vehicles, large amounts of information regarding customer demand and system status can be collected in real time. This information provides opportunities to perform various types of control and coordination for large-scale intelligent transportation systems. In this paper, we present a receding horizon control (RHC) framework to dispatch taxis, which incorporates highly spatiotemporally correlated demand/supply models and real-time Global Positioning System (GPS) location and occupancy information. The objectives include matching spatiotemporal ratio between demand and supply for service quality with minimum current and anticipated future taxi idle driving distance. Extensive trace-driven analysis with a data set containing taxi operational records in San Francisco, CA, USA, shows that our solution reduces the average total idle distance by 52%, and reduces the supply demand ratio error across the city during one experimental time slot by 45%. Moreover, our RHC framework is compatible with a wide variety of predictive models and optimization problem formulations. This compatibility property allows us to solve robust optimization problems with corresponding demand uncertainty models that provide disruptive event information.
Backward-wave oscillators for the frequency range from 600 GHz to 1800 GHz

The authors describe an effort to develop O-type backward-wave oscillators for the frequency range from 600-1800 GHz for local oscillators in spectroscopy measurements in space applications. Recent interdigital O-type backward-wave oscillators have yielded RF output in the frequency range from 200-800 GHz. One of these oscillators used aluminium metallization on a type-2A diamond substrate. A second interdigital circuit was built to gain more experience with this type of circuit at a lower frequency. The circuit was fabricated with aluminium metallization on a crystalline quartz substrate, but with only the metallization etched to form the interdigital circuit and no etching of the substrate. A third tube utilizes a tapered slot antenna to radiate the RF output to a hemispherical lens. The 44- mu m circuit used aluminium metallization on crystalline quartz, with no etching of the quartz. >
p190RhoGAP proteins contain pseudoGTPase domains.

The two p190RhoGAP proteins, p190RhoGAP-A and -B, are key regulators of Rho GTPase signaling and are essential for actin cytoskeletal structure and contractility. Here we report the discovery of two evolutionarily conserved GTPase-like domains located in the ‘middle domain’, previously thought to be unstructured. Deletion of these domains reduces RhoGAP activity. Crystal structures, MANT-GTPγS binding, thermal denaturation, biochemical assays and sequence homology analysis all strongly support defects in nucleotide-binding activity. Analysis of p190RhoGAP proteins therefore indicates the presence of two previously unidentified domains which represent an emerging group of pseudoenzymes, the pseudoGTPases. A growing number of ‘pseudoenzymes’ with a regulatory role in signal transduction processes but without catalytic activity are being identified. Here, the authors identify two pseudoGTPase domains in p190RhoGAP, characterize them biochemically and structurally and show that they influence RhoGAP activity.
On not getting out of bed

This morning I intended to get out of bed when my alarm went off. Hearing my alarm, I formed the intention to get up now. Yet, for a time, I remained in bed, irrationally lazy. It seems I irrationally failed to execute my intention. Such cases of execution failure (as I call it) pose a challenge for Mentalists about rationality, who believe that facts about rationality supervene on facts about the mind. For, this morning, my mind was in order; it was my (in)action that apparently made me irrational. What, then, should Mentalists say about the phenomenon of execution failure? The phenomenon of execution failure, and the puzzle it raises for Mentalists, have rarely been discussed. This paper addresses the puzzle in two parts. First, it argues (against John Broome) that execution failure is a real phenomenon. It is possible for agents to irrationally fail to act on their present-directed intentions. It follows that Mentalists in the philosophy of action must solve the puzzle of explaining what is irrational about cases of execution failure. Second, this paper begins the search for such a solution. It considers six possible resolutions to the puzzle, arguing that none is obviously the most attractive. These resolutions include a requirement of overall conative consistency, an appeal to the norm of intention consistency, a form of Volitionalism, an appeal to factive mental states, and a proposal due to Garrett Cullity, and a novel requirement of proper functioning.
Understanding and mitigating impacts of unconventional oil and gas development on land-use and ecosystem services in the U.S.

Abstract Unconventional oil and gas development has expanded dramatically in the United States during the last 15 years. This change in the energy industry has developed, modified, and fragmented large areas of the terrestrial landscape, resulting in hundreds of millions of dollars of annual ecosystem services costs, including negative effects on agricultural production, plant and wildlife populations, animal migrations, and human well-being. The locations of the most active unconventional oil and gas regions overlap ecologically valuable and, in some cases, relatively intact natural habitats, but there are few detailed studies that comprehensively investigate local ecosystem services impacts of this recent activity. We highlight impacts on the terrestrial landscape in three areas of the U.S. that deserve particular attention: the eastern temperate deciduous forest of the mid-Appalachian region, the prairies of the Great Plains, and the Chihuahuan Desert of west Texas and southern New Mexico. These regions cover large geographic areas that are rich in ecosystem services, and recently they have experienced some of the highest levels of unconventional oil and gas activity. We make a call for targeted studies to improve our understanding of how this development will impact these ecosystem services and which strategies can mitigate the negative impacts. The lessons learned from these analyses could be applied to new energy development abroad, which is currently under consideration by many nations with probable unconventional oil and gas resources.
Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking in the Americas: Trends and Challenges

It is not possible to examine trends in organized crime and drug trafficking without exploring the changing dynamics in the Latin American drug trade. The US government has spent billions of dollars on counter-narcotics initiatives, such as Plan Colombia and the Merida Initiative, to combat the supply and trafficking of drugs entering the United States from Latin America. This chapter examines the major trends in organized crime and drug trafficking in the region. It also focuses on the connection between Latin American countries and the United States, which is the number one drug-consuming country in the world. This chapter analyzes the evolution of organized crime over time. The result of counter-drug policies has been a splintering of organized criminal groups into smaller organizations that are harder to combat.
Immunologic Consequences of Transfusion

The effect of blood transfusion on immune function in normal man is unknown-transfusions have never been given to normal volunteers followed by measurement of immune function. One must study patients who receive transfusions, measure the changes observed in immune cells and their function within the context of whatever disease they are being transfused for, and extrapolate this information to the effect of transfusing blood in the absence of disease. In observing similar changes in immune cells following transfusion for a variety of diseases, one can assume that these changes usually follow transfusion. Neither patients nor volunteers will ever be randomized to be transfused or untransfused. Patients scheduled for elective surgery can be randomized to participate in an autologous donation program or to receive blood prepared in some unique manner by filtering and/or washing. The changes in immune function following transfusion with their own blood or washed/filtered blood can be compared to patients who are receiving routinely prepared whole blood or packed cells. In this instance, the blood is given within the context of a surgical procedure as a consequence of operative blood loss which is due to trauma and trauma itself is associated with changes in immune cells and their function.
L 1 ( X, μ )

The map \(\mu :{2^{x}} \mathrel\backepsilon B \mapsto \{ _{{\infty otherwise}}^{{card\left( B \right),ifcard\left( B \right) < card\left( {\Bbb N} \right)}} \) is counting measure. If w:X → [0, ∞) is a map, the map μ:2 x ∋ B → Σ x ∈ b w(x) is discrete measure. Counting measure and discrete measure are the same iff w = 1. If μ is counting measure on ℕ or ℤ, LP (ℕ, μ) resp. LP(ℤ, μ) are occasionally denoted lP(ℕ) resp. lP(ℤ), 1 ≦ p ≦ ∞.
From Arithmetic to Algebraic Thinking by Using a Spreadsheet

Giuliana Dettori, Rossella Garuti and Enrica Lemut ABSTRACT In this chapter we characterise algebra in the intermediate school, emphasise what determines the conceptual break with arithmetic and analyse if these features can be introduced by using a spreadsheet, focusing in particular on the elements to be taught and learned. Our discussion shows that, though with some limitations, the spreadsheet can be useful to introduce algebra and it can be a good starting point to compare different solving approaches. 1. INTRODUCTION In the past years we have worked on the impact of using a spreadsheet for introducing algebra. We developed this research by means of an a-priori analysis, preceded by some experiences of classroom use and followed by an experimentation which motivated and tested it (Dettori
Self-Intersections of Stable Processes in the Plane: Local Times and Limit Theorems

Xt will denote the symmetric stable process of index ,β>1 in ℝ2, with transition density pt(x) and .λ–potential $${G_\lambda }\left( x \right) = \int_0^\infty {{e^{ - \lambda t}}} {p_t}\left( x \right)\,dt.$$
Therapy-induced small-cell disease: from mouse to man and back.

With the emergence of increasingly potent androgen deprivation therapy, rates of treatment-emergent small-cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer are increasing. In a recent prospective study, Aggarwal and colleagues defined the frequency and clinical and genomic characteristics of these tumours.
Ion Bunch Formation Strategies for the JLEIC Collider

An Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) has been proposed and supported as the next major nuclear physics facility in the United States, with very high design luminosities of 1033 − 1034 cm−2 s−1. The Jefferson Lab EIC concept, JLEIC, includes construction of a new ion beam accelerator complex. To achieve the required luminosity, the JLEIC ion collider requires unprecedentedly short ion bunches of 1 cm length at a high repetition frequency of 476 MHZ. However, only much longer ion bunches are formed by the ion injector complex producing beams for the collider ring. Formation of short ion bunches from much longer ion bunches in this collider while limiting beam size growth is a fundamental challenge. This dissertation investigates several methods using longitudinal RF gymnastics to address this bunch formation challenge, including debunch/rebunch with barrier bucket manipulations and adiabatic bunch splitting. We discuss background of both methods, and show results of simulations that indicate that multiple adiabatic bunch splits are best suited to produce ion beam that satisfies the current JLEIC requirements. Adiabatic bunch splitting is also further optimized using genetic algorithms to find the optimum tradeoff between acceptable emittance growth and accelerator time necessary to perform the bunch formation process.
Inflammatory mechanisms of abused drugs

Abstract Psychostimulants and opioids are abused drugs that are known classically to act through monoamine and opiate neurotransmitter systems to elicit their biological effects. Emerging evidence however shows these drugs produce acute and chronic changes in inflammation through pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. The sources of those mediators include peripheral immune cells in the liver as well as astrocytes and microglia in the brain. The inflammatory mediators include cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, and ammonia, as well as immune cell proliferation in the periphery and infiltration of immune cells into the brain that promote toxicity to the brain, liver and cardiovascular system. Moreover, supporting evidence is also presented that neuroinflammation can mediate reward, craving, and ultimately dependency to drugs of abuse. The inflammatory mediators common to those produced by the psychostimulants and opioids, and the consequences of these inflammatory mediators on neurotoxicity and behavior are reviewed and compared to the effects of the cannabinoids. Finally, it is suggested that potential therapeutics such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors and cannabinoids that block psychostimulant and opioid-induced inflammation may also mitigate the neurotoxicity and addiction liability of drugs of abuse.
Significant Supersonic Modes and the Wall Temperature Effect in Hypersonic Boundary Layers

There has been renewed interest in studying supersonic modes in hypersonic boundary layers. Recent computational results have shown supersonic modes in hot-wall flows, upending the notion that they...
Diversity of Haemosporidian Parasites in Mississippi Songbirds

Haemosporidian parasites are extremely diverse in birds. The more bird hosts that are tested, the greater the diversity of haemosporidians that is found. Here, we conducted a survey of haemosporidians in the local populations (Oktibbeha County, MS) of common and abundant songbirds. We captured local songbirds with mist nets and collected blood samples from the brachial vein for screening and identification of haemosporidians. Parasite prevalence was 57%, and we detected 3 genera of haemosporidians. We documented 3 Haemoproteus lineages, with 1 novel lineage (3% different than any known lineage); 2 Leucocytozoon lineages were found, neither of which were novel; and 8 Plasmodium lineages were found, one of which was novel (5% different than any known lineage), and 1 of which that may be novel (3% different than any known lineage). We detected Leucocytozoon for the first time in Mississippi songbirds, indicating the importance of surveying for understanding putative haemosporidian range shifts.
A randomized trial of the glottic views with the classic Miller, Wis-Hipple and C-MAC (videolaryngoscope and direct views) straight size 1 blades in young children

Abstract Study objective The Miller and Wis-Hipple size 1 blades are widely used for laryngoscopy in children and the C-MAC straight blade is used increasingly in young children, although the glottic views with these blades have not been compared. To determine whether the glottic views with these blades are equivalent. Design Equivalent study. Setting Operating room. Patients 96 children Interventions Direct laryngoscopy with the Miller and Wis-Hipple or C-MAC (videolaryngoscope and direct view) straight blades size 1; photographs of the glottic opening. Measurements Percent of glottic opening (POGO) was measured using a standardized scale by a blinded investigator. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure and hemoglobin oxygen saturation were measured before and after laryngoscopy. Results The POGO scores with the four blades/views were equivalent (fewer than 20% of the views yielded POGO scores Conclusion The four blades/glottic views were equivalent, although a post hoc analysis demonstrated that the glottic view with the C-MAC videolaryngoscope was superior overall and the view with the Miller size 1 was superior to that with the direct C-MAC view.
Predictive Modeling Achieves High Test-Retest Reliability with Resting State Functional Connectivity

Test-retest reliability is critical for individual differences research. Thus, recent reports that found low test-retest reliability in fMRI have raised concern among researchers who aim to use brain imaging to predict psychologically- and clinically-important differences across people. These previous studies, however, have mostly focused on reliability of individual fMRI features (e.g., individual connections in resting state connectivity maps). Meanwhile researchers are increasingly employing multivariate predictive models that aggregate information across a large number of features to predict outcomes of interest, but the test-retest reliability of predicted outcomes of these models has not previously been systematically studied. Here we apply four kinds of predictive modeling methods to resting state connectivity maps from the Human Connectome Project dataset to predict 62 outcome variables. In contrast to reliability of individual resting state connections, we find reliability of the predicted outcomes of predictive models is much higher for two methods: Brain Basis Set (BBS) and Connectome Predictive Modeling (CPM). BBS had the overall highest reliability, with a mean reliability across predicted outcomes of 0.79 and a reliability of 0.75 or better (conventionally considered excellent) for 56 out of 62 outcome variables. We additionally identified three mechanisms that help to explain why predictive models have higher reliability than individual features. These results suggest at least one path forward for researchers aiming to utilize resting state connectivity for individual differences research: These researchers can potentially achieve higher test-retest reliability by making greater use of predictive models.
'Mama don't preach': young adults' perceptions of maternal messages about underage drinking

College students commonly report that their parents provide advice about how to drink safely; however, there is very little research exploring the content of parent-child harm-reduction conversations. The present study explores the types of advice mothers provide underage college students about drinking. A random sample of college students (ages 18 to 20) completed an online survey about their alcohol use and conversations they had with their mother about alcohol. Students' perceptions of mother-child harm-reduction conversations include the themes of: specific protective behavioral strategies, ambiguous behavioral advice, decision making advice, value-based advice, warning-based advice, and advice conveying approval. Discussion of specific protective behavioral strategies was most common for female students and students who reported binge drinking. Mothers did not typically address how to implement harm-reduction strategies effectively. The findings have implications for the assessment of harm-reduction communication between parents and emerging adult children.
State of Charge Estimation of Lithium Battery Energy Storage Systems Based on Adaptive Correntropy Unscented Kalman Filter

State of Charge (SOC) estimation plays a crucial role in lithium battery energy storage systems (LBESS). In this paper, we describes a Correntropy Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithms that is able to solve the problem of non-Gaussian noise interference in SOC estimation of LBESS. We believe that the problem of non-Gaussian noise interference will appear widely in power system because Equipment failure or serious electromagnetic interference are increasing common and can cause negative effect for grid. Whereas previous algorithms used mean Square Error (MSE) as the cost function of the UKF too inefficient to deal with non-Gaussian in practice, the algorithm described in this practical: a robust Correntropy Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is introduced to improve SOC estimation accuracy in the existence of non-Gaussian noise. Furthermore, this paper combines the advantages of Correntropy and Adaptive filter to improve UKF algorithm, and derives a new robust Kalman Filter, which is called Adaptive C-UKF. The experiment results show that the proposed Adaptive C-UKF method can efficiently improve the estimation accuracy in the non-Gaussian noise environment.
Love between Enemies: Western Prisoners of War and German Women in World War II

Love between Enemies explores the forbidden relationships which formed between foreign prisoners of war and German women during the Second World War. From the desire to have fun to deep love commitments, this study examines the range of motivations which lay behind these relationships, tapping into new documents and drawing on thousands of court cases to offer a transnational analysis of personal relations between enemies. Highlighting gender roles, the contradictory reactions of the communities surrounding the couples, and the diplomatic tensions resulting from the severe punishments, this is a history of everyday life which throws light on this subversive aspect of intimacy in wartime Nazi Germany. Comparing the 'transgressing' couples to other groups persecuted for their cultural or private choices, Scheck demonstrates how the relationships were silenced or justified in the post-war memory of prisoners, while the German women, who had been publicly shamed, continued to live with the stigma, and even illegitimate children, for the years that followed.
Doublecortin-Like Kinase Protein 1 in Cholangiocarcinoma: Is This the Biomarker and Target We Have Been Looking For?

Primary liver cancer of the bile ducts known as cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive tumor with a difficult diagnosis and poor prognosis. The limited treatment strategies coupled with the chemo-resistant nature of the tumor results in dismal survival rates following diagnosis. The search for targets and biomarkers has been ongoing for a number of years and while advances have been made, there have been no definitive therapeutics found. The tumor microenvironment of CCA is comprised of malignant cholangiocytes and cancer stem cells (CSCs), along with other inflammatory, vascular, and collagen-producing cells. Together, the tumor microenvironment in CCA is capable of sustaining tumor growth, promoting metastasis and developing an epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype - all of which make this tumor difficult to handle and treat. Doublecortin-like kinase1 (DCLK1) has been implicated to play a role in a number of gastrointestinal tumor types and has been noted to be a CSC marker. In addition, blocking DCLK1 has shown to ameliorate tumor progression of specific types, such as colon cancer. In this current study, the authors demonstrate that DCLK1 is upregulated in CCA and CSCs, but not in healthy cells. Further, circulating levels of DCLK1 were increased in patients with liver injury, but not in healthy patients. These findings, coupled with specific co-expression of DCLK1 with CSC markers, pinpoints DCLK1 as a promising target and potential biomarker for CCA. In vitro experiments demonstrate that inhibition of DCLK1 blocks the devastating phenotypes that are typically found in CCA suggesting the therapeutic benefit of targeting DCLK1.
Percutaneous Removal of a Pulmonary Artery Catheter Inadvertently Sutured to the Heart During Valve Surgery

Abstract A 74-year old woman underwent “mini-mitral” valve surgery via a right thoracotomy. The pulmonary artery catheter could not be removed thereafter and was found to be pierced by the atriotom...
Observations of greenhouse gases as climate indicators

Humans have significantly altered the energy balance of the Earth’s climate system mainly not only by extracting and burning fossil fuels but also by altering the biosphere and using halocarbons. The 3rd US National Climate Assessment pointed to a need for a system of indicators of climate and global change based on long-term data that could be used to support assessments and this led to the development of the National Climate Indicators System (NCIS). Here we identify a representative set of key atmospheric indicators of changes in atmospheric radiative forcing due to greenhouse gases (GHGs), and we evaluate atmospheric composition measurements, including non-CO2 GHGs for use as climate change indicators in support of the US National Climate Assessment. GHG abundances and their changes over time can provide valuable information on the success of climate mitigation policies, as well as insights into possible carbon-climate feedback processes that may ultimately affect the success of those policies. To ensure that reliable information for assessing GHG emission changes can be provided on policy-relevant scales, expanded observational efforts are needed. Furthermore, the ability to detect trends resulting from changing emissions requires a commitment to supporting long-term observations. Long-term measurements of greenhouse gases, aerosols, and clouds and related climate indicators used with a dimming/brightening index could provide a foundation for quantifying forcing and its attribution and reducing error in existing indicators that do not account for complicated cloud processes.
In situ diagnostics of photoinduced processing and exciton diffusivity enhancement in two-dimensional semiconductors

Exciton transport is a fundamental process of energy conversion in semiconductors. The strong interaction of light with two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors provides the opportunity to optimize exciton transport for 2D optoelectronic devices. However efficient exciton transport in atomically thin 2D semiconductors is still challenging due to various scattering sources such as defects and traps. Here we show that photoinduced processes can achieve a giant enhancement in exciton diffusivity (from 1.5 to 22.5 cm2/s in monolayer MoS2 crystals)[1] and can be revealed by in situ optical spectroscopy monitoring. The mechanism of the enhancement is revealed: the scattering of excitons is screened by trapped charges generated by a photoinduced electron-hole plasma. This understanding of how to improve and control exciton transport in 2D semiconductors opens new avenues for the development of high-performance excitonic and photovoltaic devices. [1] Y. Yu et al., Sci. Adv., 2020, eabb4823.
Of Fistulas, Sutures, and Silences

Upon arrival at the Qasr al-ʿAyni Hospital in Cairo in 1908, a woman from a village in Qena province in Upper Egypt related her harrowing medical saga. It began when she developed a urinary fistula (nāsur bawlī) due to prolonged labor (a urinary fistula causes urine to leak from the bladder into the vagina, resulting in deep discomfort and social ostracism of those afflicted). She had gone to a hospital in the city of Qena, capital of the province with the same name, but medical officers there sent her to Asyut. There, in the government hospital, she underwent three operations without success, whereupon doctors instructed her to go to Qasr al-ʿAyni Hospital in Cairo to see Dr. Nagib Mahfuz (1882–1974), who had developed a reputation for his surgical prowess in treating fistulas. The woman from Qena traveled by foot, begging along the way, until, exhausted, she reached the city of Minya, halfway between Asyut and Bani Suwayf. There she was sent once again to the government hospital, examined, and once again told to go to Qasr al-ʿAyni.
Repetition Priming in Treatment of Anomia.

Purpose Repetition priming has been suggested as a method for targeting implicit processes in anomia treatment. Prior studies have used masked priming for this purpose. This study extends that work with visible primes, a more clinically feasible approach. Method This study used a single-subject design across three participants with aphasia. Treatment involved repeated exposure to identity primes (trained condition) or sham primes (untrained condition) paired with pictures. Analyses assessed acquisition effects for trained items and untrained items that were seen during the training period, generalization to untrained items that had not been seen, and generalization to broader language skills, immediately and 3 months post-treatment. Results All participants improved in naming trained items immediately after treatment, with greater improvements for trained than for untrained items. All participants maintained some degree of improvement on trained items 3 months post-treatment, although the degree differed across participants. Inconsistent generalization occurred to unexposed items. Improvements were noted in some areas of broader language ability, although these varied. Conclusions These data suggest a repetition priming treatment paradigm may increase naming accuracy for individuals with anomia and may benefit other aspects of language. Participant factors may have influenced response to treatment. Directions for future investigation are discussed.
Finite Representations of Two-Variable Identities or Why are Finite Fields Important in Combinatorics?

Publisher Summary It is part of the folklore of algebraic combinatorics that “most” two-variable groupoid identities have non-trivial models in finite fields, the groupoid operation being represented by a linear function ax + by . The usefulness of this result stems from the fact that two-variable identities are frequently a natural tool for the algebraic description of combinatorial structures. Many particular varieties of quasigroups that occur in combinatorial contexts are either defined by further two-variable identities or sometimes may be characterized as a variety of groupoids (one binary operation) satisfying some two-variable identities. The variety of Steiner quasigroups (corresponding to Steiner Triple Systems) is an example of this.
Airborne Pollen of the Neotropics

Abstract The dogma that anemophily in the humid tropics is rare or even absent is challenged. Long pollen rain shadows, leptokurtic pollen distribution patterns, and electrostatic attractions between pollen and stigma may contribute to successful abiotic pollination among plants whose mechanisms bridge a continuum between the extremes of anemophily and zoophily. Representatives of 21 families of woody, neotropical plants are shown to possess some form of abiotic pollination or pollen dispersal, suggesting a greater role of anemophily in tropical reproductive biology and allergic responses than previously assumed.
A BRIEF STATUS REPORT ON THE SLAC LINEAR COLLIDER (SLC)

Some aspects of SLC operation and running conditions in 1988 are discussed. 4 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
High-order harmonic phase in molecular nitrogen

Electronic structure in atoms and molecules modulates the amplitude and phase of high harmonic generation (HHG). We report measurements of the high harmonic spectral amplitude and phase in N{sub 2}. The phase is measured interferometrically by beating the N{sub 2} harmonics with those of an Ar reference oscillator in a gas mixture. A rapid phase shift of 0.2{pi} is observed in the vicinity of the HHG spectral minimum, where a shift of {pi} had been presumed [J. Itatani et al., Nature 432, 867 (2004)]. We compare the phase measurements to a simulation of the HHG recombination step in N{sub 2} that is based on a simple interference model. The results of the simulation suggest that modifications beyond the simple interference model are needed to explain HHG spectra in molecules.