cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the high frequency series impedance of GaAs Schottky diodes by a finite difference technique

The finite-difference technique is used to calculate the electromagnetic field within the diode chip based on a solution of Maxwell's equations. The skin effect, charge carrier inertia, and dielectric relaxation are shown to greatly increase the series impedance at high frequencies. The finite difference technique is accurate for diode structures that incorporate an epitaxial layer of different doping than the substrate and a nonideal ohmic contact on the bottom of the chip. An important feature of this analysis is an impedance calculation based on power considerations, rather than the electrostatic potential. The analysis is used to investigate the series impedance as a function of epilayer doping density, anode diameter, chip thickness and ohmic contact resistivity. It is shown that a proposed membrane diode, whose thickness is less than one skin depth, will have a series impedance 30% less than that of a comparable standard diode, provided that the ohmic contact has a specific contact resistivity of 10/sup -8/ Omega -cm/sup 2/ or less. >
Finding faults: How moral dilemmas illuminate cognitive structure

Philosophy is rife with intractable moral dilemmas. We propose that these debates often exist because competing psychological systems yield different answers to the same problem. Consequently, philosophical debate points to the natural fault lines between dissociable psychological mechanisms, and as such provides a useful guide for cognitive neuroscience. We present two case studies from recent research into moral judgment: dilemmas concerning whether to harm a person in order to save several others, and whether to punish individuals for harms caused accidentally. Finally, we analyze two features of mental conflict that apparently contribute to philosophical discord: the insistence that one answer to a problem must be correct (“non-negotiability”) and the absence of an independent means of determining the correct answer (“non-adjudicability”). Fiery Cushman thanks the Mind/Brain/Behavior Initiative for its generous support during the preparation of this work.
Polyploidy and Maturation of Rat Megakaryocytes

In Polypliidy and Maturation of Rat Megakaryocytes , by O’Dell and Jackson (Blood 32: No. 1, July, 102-110, 1968), there appeared two typographical errors. Page 103, line 10 should read "The smears were air-dried for at least one hour and then fixed in Carnoy’s fixative (6 parts absolute ethanol: 3 parts chloroform: 1 part glacial acetic acid) for 45 min." Page 108, Table 3, the second row of figures, horizontally, should read "8, 39, 22, 12, 3."
The Basic Marriage Patterns

This chapter sets out and interrogates the basic marriage patterns of British aristocratic women from 1485 to 2000. At its most fundamental it looks at the rates of endogamy, hypogamy, exogamy, and unmarriedness. The primary argument here is that the constancy in the rates of endogamous and exogamous marriages between 1485 and 1880–1920 indicates that there was a constancy in the self-understanding of noble rank identity during that period as well; a constancy that was shattered by the First World War. The hypogamy rate dropped sharply with the introduction of the baronet and remained extraordinarily low from the seventeenth century through the end of the twentieth, a rate that is so low as to indicate a distinct prejudice among the titled ranks against grooms from that level. The level of unmarriedness also provides an window into understandings of rank identity and the means of preserving such identity; beginning in the eighteenth century the percentage of elite women remaining unmarried sharply increased (a trend that continued through the end of the nineteenth century) indicating a belief that it was better for a woman of this rank to remain unmarried rather than marry below her rank, a belief that points to the idea that rank identity was essentially personified in the women.
A framework to identify educational relevance in social networking posts

Social Networking Sites (SNS) have facilitated and promoted various ways by which end users can exhibit their daily life activities, personality traits, choices, preferences, and updates for future events. The recent era of SNS and related web based platforms have accumulated very important data points that contribute to mining and deep analysis of one's talent and ability to be utilized in real world effectively. This paper provides insight of social networking posts by various user age groups and correlates such data points to identify academic contents out of them. This work develops a forecast framework for individuals to identify their specific talents towards academic and real world. This work uses various social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Google+, and LinkedIn to test the framework. Paper is concluded with promising results and associated discussion to support current and future direction. Related study is briefly provided to put this work in progress in context of recent research.
Challenges on Multimedia for Decision-Making in the Era of Cognitive Computing

The increasing momentum towards cognitive computing unlocks a diverse set of opportunities and challenges for the multimedia research community. In fact, with a different approach from the one present in the traditional artificial intelligence systems, cognitive computing glimpses a human-machine collaboration, promoting a more natural and symbiotic interaction. The main goal of this paper is to discuss central challenges when the multimedia research area enrolls decision-making processes in the era of cognitive computing. Aiming at supporting the multimedia research community on future investigations in this research area, we present challenges in different topics gathered in specific domains.
Layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly with semiconductor nanoparticles and nanowires

The length scales in nanometer range for both inorganic and organic materials have unique physical responses. The opto-electronic properties of metals [1] and semiconductors [2] strongly depend on their size, material used and crystalline shape in the nanometer size regime. New synthetic approaches have been applied to fabricate series of monodisperse nanometer size crystals, known as nanocrystals or nanoparticles (NPs). In particular, semiconductor NPs [3] have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique physical properties, which originate from the surface atoms of nanoscale objects and from the size quantization effect [4]. Group II–VI semiconductor NPs are currently of great technological interest as emitting materials for thin film electroluminescence devices [5], [6] and as optical amplifier media for telecommunication networks [7], [8], because of their strong bandgap luminescence. The incorporation of luminescent semiconductor NPs into photonic crystals [9] has also obtained substantial attention recently as a novel light source with controllable spontaneous emission. Thiol-capped semiconductor NPs with size-dependent luminescence in the visible spectral region have been synthesized in aqueous colloidal solutions [10] and used for fabrication of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [11], and for impregnation of colloidal photonic crystals [12].
How acceptable are intoxicated behaviors? Discrepancy between personal versus perceived approval

Abstract Introduction College students report high rates of binge drinking yet they reliably endorse elevated perceptions of drinking by their peers. However, the drinking norms literature offers little insight into how college students think about behaviors exhibited while intoxicated. This study aims to determine (a) if the predicted self-other differences (SODs) are seen among college students with respect to approval of intoxicated behaviors and (b) whether gender and race/ethnicity moderate these differences. We hypothesized that students would perceive others as more approving of intoxicated behaviors than they were themselves, resulting in significant SODs. We also predicted that women would have larger SODs relative to their male counterparts, and minority students would have larger SODs relative to their white counterparts. Methods Participants ( N = 233, 63% female) were recruited from an introductory psychology course at a large public northeastern university. They completed online surveys that assessed demographics, and responded to a list of intoxicated behaviors with ratings of personal approval and perceived peer approval. Results Perceived others' approval ratings exceeded personal approval ratings for 42 of the 44 different intoxicated behaviors. Women had significantly higher SODs relative to men and differed on personal approval. Non-white students had significantly higher SODs relative to white students, and differed both on personal approval and perceptions of others' approval of intoxicated behaviors. Conclusions Consistent SODs were observed in the approval of intoxicated behaviors. These findings may help to inform normative feedback interventions by revealing the potential for normative pressure, especially for non-white students.
A new approach to the chromatic number of the square of Kneser graph K(2k+1,k)

Abstract The vertices of Kneser graph K ( n , k ) are the subsets of { 1 , 2 , … , n } of cardinality k , two vertices are adjacent if and only if they are disjoint. The square G 2 of a graph G is defined on the vertex set of G with two vertices adjacent if their distance in G is at most 2. Z. Furedi, in 2002, proposed the problem of determining the chromatic number of the square of the Kneser graph. The first non-trivial problem arises when n = 2 k + 1 . It is believed that χ ( K 2 ( 2 k + 1 , k ) ) = 2 k + c where c is a constant, and yet the problem remains open. The best known upper bounds are by Kim and Park: 8 k ∕ 3 + 20 ∕ 3 for 1 k ≥ 3 (Kim and Park, 2014) and 32 k ∕ 15 + 32 for k ≥ 7 (Kim and Park, 2016). In this paper, we develop a new approach to this coloring problem by employing graph homomorphisms, cartesian products of graphs, and linear congruences integrated with combinatorial arguments. These lead to χ ( K 2 ( 2 k + 1 , k ) ) ≤ 5 k ∕ 2 + c , where c is a constant in { 5 ∕ 2 , 9 ∕ 2 , 5 , 6 } , depending on k ≥ 2 .
The morphosyntax of number in Estonian numeral-noun constructions

The interaction of numerals and number-marking has generated much research in both morphosyntax and semantics in those domains. In this paper, I propose an analysis of number-marking in the numeral-noun constructions of Estonian. They are noteworthy for the existence of two morphosyntactic frames. In one, both the numeral and noun are singular, and the noun bears partitive case. In the other, both the numeral and noun are plural, and there is no assignment of partitive case. I propose an analysis whereby the head assigning partitive case is of the same syntactic category as the head introducing plurality: Borer's (2005) Div. Previous accounts do not capture the generalization that the numeral always matches the noun's number-marking. I propose it is another instance of the language's already robust system of nominal concord
Antithrombin III: associations with age, race, sex and cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators

Antithrombin III (AT III) is a major inhibitor of blood coagulation, and hereditary deficiency is associated with venous thrombotic disease. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, a prospective study of 15,800 middle-aged men and women, measured AT III in its baseline examination. AT III levels were significantly higher in women than men, and in blacks than whites. AT III decreased with age in men but increased with age in women. In age- and race-adjusted analyses, AT III was positively associated with smoking, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (men only), and in women, with diabetes and lipoprotein(a). AT III was negatively associated with educational level, body mass index in men, and use of female hormones in women. Most of these associations were confirmed in multivariate analysis. These correlations between AT III and other risk factors must be considered when evaluating AT III as a risk factor for venous or arterial thrombosis.
The Deubiquitinase USP46 Is Essential for Proliferation and Tumor Growth of HPV-Transformed Cancers

Summary High-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) cause cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers, unlike the low-risk HPVs, which cause benign lesions. E6 oncoproteins from the high-risk strains are essential for cell proliferation and transformation in HPV-induced cancers. We report that a cellular deubiquitinase, USP46, is selectively recruited by the E6 of high-risk, but not low-risk, HPV to deubiqutinate and stabilize Cdt2/DTL. Stabilization of Cdt2, a component of the CRL4Cdt2 E3 ubiquitin ligase, limits the level of Set8, an epigenetic writer, and promotes cell proliferation. USP46 is essential for the proliferation of HPV-transformed cells, but not of cells without HPV. Cdt2 is elevated in human cervical cancers and knockdown of USP46 inhibits HPV-transformed tumor growth in xenografts. Recruitment of a cellular deubiquitinase to stabilize key cellular proteins is an important activity of oncogenic E6, and the importance of E6-USP46-Cdt2-Set8 pathway in HPV-induced cancers makes USP46 a target for the therapy of such cancers.
Modeling and Control for a Photovoltaic Inverter with Power Decoupling on the AC Side

This paper presents modeling and controllers design for a photovoltaic (PV) inverter with AC side power decoupling strategy. A small-signal model which includes common mode and differential mode signals is derived from the state-space equations of the modified H-bridge inverter. Based on the model, two controllers are designed to control differential mode voltage and current to eject sinusoidal current into the grid. The power decoupling strategy is achieved by a controller which regulates the common mode voltage of two capacitors placed on the AC side. Simulation studies verified that a 12.7 mF DC link capacitor in 1 kW inverter can be reduced to $120\ \boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{F}$ while maintaining 0.3% voltage ripple. Experimental results further validate the effectiveness of three developed controllers, i.e., the total harmonic distortion of the output current (THDi) and ripple of DC link voltage are controlled below 3.5% and 4.6%, respectively. Compared to H-bridge inverter which uses a $1360 \boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{F}$ electrolytic capacitor on the DC link, a $120\ \boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{F}$ film capacitor is used in the modified H-bridge inverter so that the reliability of the inverter has been further increased.
Takayasu’s Arteritis: Rare Cause of Hypertension in Children

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v38i2.20551 Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large vessel vasculitis that involves the aorta, its major branches and pulmonary arteries. Diagnosis of TA during childhood remains challenging due to the non-specific symptoms. We report a six years age boy with unresolved hypertension who was later diagnosed as childhood TA. Oral corticosteroid was started 2mg/kg/day. TA is rare in children; Childhood TA must be considered in children who present with, hypertension and increased acute phase reactants. Keywords: children, Takayasu’s arteritis,Steroids
Oral immunization with bacteriophage MS2-L2 VLPs protects against oral and genital infection with multiple HPV types associated with head & neck cancers and cervical cancer.

Abstract Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common sexually transmitted infections. HPVs are transmitted through anogenital sex or oral sex. Anogenital transmission/infection is associated with anogenital cancers and genital warts while oral transmission/infection is associated with head and neck cancers (HNCs) including recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Current HPV vaccines protect against HPV types associated with ∼90% of cervical cancers and are expected to protect against a percentage of HNCs. However, only a few studies have assessed the efficacy of current vaccines against oral HPV infections. We had previously developed a mixed MS2-L2 candidate HPV vaccine based on bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (VLPs). The mixed MS2-L2 VLPs consisted of a mixture of two MS2-L2 VLPs displaying: i) a concatemer of L2 peptide (epitope 20–31) from HPV31 & L2 peptide (epitope 17–31) from HPV16 and ii) a consensus L2 peptide representing epitope 69–86. The mixed MS2-L2 VLPs neutralized/protected mice against six HPV types associated with ∼87% of cervical cancer. Here, we show that the mixed MS2-L2 VLPs can protect mice against additional HPV types; at the genital region, the VLPs protect against HPV53, 56, 11 and at the oral region, the VLPs protect against HPV16, 35, 39, 52, and 58. Thus, mixed MS2-L2 VLPs protect against eleven oncogenic HPV types associated with ∼95% of cervical cancer. The VLPs also have the potential to protect, orally, against the same oncogenic HPVs, associated with ∼99% of HNCs, including HPV11, which is associated with up to 32% of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Moreover, mixed MS2-L2 VLPs are thermostable at room temperature for up to 60 days after spray-freeze drying and they are protective against oral HPV infection.
Patterns of oral hygiene behaviors, daily habits, and caries prevalence in India and dominican republic: A comparative study.

Background: The purpose of the study was to gain integrative knowledge on oral hygiene behaviors and daily habits affecting caries experience among rural people in India and Dominican Republic (DR). Materials and Methods: Participants were recruited in two countries: La Esquina community, Province Maria Trinidad Sanchez in DR and in Ramgarh, district Chhindwara in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. A total of 104 participants (18–80 years) were in the DR sample while 202 participants (18–85 years) were in the Indian sample. Face-to-face interviews collected information on oral hygiene behaviors, daily habits, and dental care. The caries experience was quantified using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Results: There were significant differences in a few oral hygiene behaviors, daily habits, and levels of caries experience between the Dominican and Indian subgroups. Use of toothbrush (χ2 = 65.2; P < 0.001), self-reported use of fluoridated toothpaste (χ2 = 94.04; P < 0.001), use of tobacco (χ2 = 32.4; P < 0.001), dental visit (χ2 = 24.84; P < 0.001), attitude toward seeking professional dental care (χ2 = 85.07; P < 0.001), and DMFT scores (F = 13.3; P < 0.001) were significantly different between the two countries. The caries experience was higher in the Dominicans (9.6 ± 8.0 vs. 4.0 ± 5.7) than India's rural. Conclusions: Oral health practices varied considerably between rural populations in these two countries. Caries prevalence was significantly higher in Dominicans despite higher consumption of tobacco and lesser use of toothbrush among rural Indians in the subcontinent.
A Large-Deviation Upperbound on Directed Last-Passage Percolation Growth Rate Based on Entropy of Direction Vector.

This short note provides a large-deviation-based upper bound on the growth rate of directed last passage percolation (LPP) using the entropy of the normalized direction vector.
Response biases: the influence of the contralateral limb and head position

Two experiments were designed to determine response biases resulting from production of force in the contralateral limb and head position. Participants were required to react with one limb while tracking a sinewave template by generating a pattern of force defined by the sinewave with the contralateral limb or watching a cursor move through the sinewave. In Experiment 1, participants had to react with their right or left limb while their head was in a neutral position. In Experiment 2, participants had to react with their left limb while their head was turned 60° to the left or right. A color change of the waveform signaled participants to produce an isometric contraction with the reacting limb. Reaction time was calculated as the time interval between the color change of the waveform and the initiation of the response. The results indicated mean reaction time for the left limb was significantly influenced by force production in the right limb. During left limb reactions, reaction time was faster for trials in which both limbs initiated force simultaneously as compared to trials in which the left limb initiated force while the right limb was producing force. Mean reaction time for the right limb was not influenced by force production in the contralateral limb. The results are consistent with the notion that crosstalk can influence the time required to react to stimuli but this influence occurs at the point of force initiation and is asymmetric in nature with the dominant limb exerting a stronger influence on the non-dominant limb than vice versa. However, we did not find a similar effect for head position via the tonic neck response.
Transition to a More even Distribution of Daily Protein Intake is Associated with Enhanced Fat Loss during a Hypocaloric & Physical Activity Intervention in Obese Older Adults

Optimization of intentional weight loss in obese older adults, through preferential fat mass reduction, is challenging, as the concomitant lean mass loss may exacerbate sarcopenia. Recent studies have suggested within-day distribution of protein intake plays a role in determining body composition remodeling. Here, we assessed whether changes in within-day protein intake distribution are related to improvements in body composition in overweight/obese older adults during a hypocaloric and exercise intervention. Thirty-six community-dwelling, overweight-to-obese (BMI 28.0-39.9 kg/m2), sedentary older adults (aged 70.6±6.1 years) were randomized into either physical activity plus successful aging health education (PA+SA; n=15) or physical activity plus weight loss (PA+WL; n=21) programs. Body composition (by CT and DXA) and dietary intake (by three-day food records) were determined at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up visits. Within-day protein distribution was calculated as the coefficient of variation (CV) of protein ingested per defined time periods (breakfast [5:00−10:59], lunch [11:00−16:59] and dinner [17:00−1:00]). Secondary analysis was performed to determine associations between changes in protein intake distribution and body composition. In both groups, baseline protein intake was skewed towards dinner (PA+SA: 49.1%; PA+WL: 54.1%). The pattern of protein intake changed towards a more even within-day distribution in PA+WL during the intervention period, but it remained unchanged in PA+SA. Transition towards a more even pattern of protein intake was independently associated with a greater decline in BMI (P<0.05) and abdominal subcutaneous fat (P<0.05) in PA+WL. However, changes in protein CV were not associated with changes in body weight in PA+SA. Our results show that mealtime distribution of protein intake throughout the day was associated with improved weight and fat loss under hypocaloric diet combined with physical activity. This finding provides a novel insight into the potential role of within-day protein intake on weight management in obese older people.
Plasma disposition of gabapentin after the intragastric administration of escalating doses to adult horses

Background In humans, gabapentin an analgesic, undergoes non-proportional pharmacokinetics which can alter efficacy. No information exists on the pharmacokinetics of dosages >20 mg/kg, escalating dosages or dose proportionality of gabapentin in horses. Hypothesis and objectives Gabapentin exposure in plasma would not increase proportionally relative to the dose in horses receiving dosages ≥20 mg/kg. To assess the plasma pharmacokinetics of gabapentin after nasogastric administration of gabapentin at dosages of 10 to 160 mg/kg in adult horses. Animals Nine clinically healthy adult Arabian and Quarter Horses. Methods In a randomized blinded trial, gabapentin was administered by nasogastric intubation to horses at 10, 20 mg/kg (n = 3) and 60, 80, 120, 160 mg/kg (n = 6). Plasma was collected before and at regular times over 64 hours after administration of gabapentin. Gabapentin was quantified using a validated chromatographic method. Dose proportionality was estimated using a power model. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Results Plasma pharmacokinetics parameters of gabapentin were estimated after nasogastric administration at dosages of 10 to 160 mg/kg. Gabapentin plasma concentration increased with dose increments. However, the area under the concentration curve from zero to infinity and maximal plasma concentration did not increase proportionally relative to the dose in horses. Conclusions and clinical importance Gabapentin exposure in plasma is not proportional relative to the dose in horses receiving nasogastric dosages of 10 to 160 mg/kg.
A Fabrication Free, 3D Printed, Multi-Material, Self-Sensing Soft Actuator

Soft robotics offers a range of attractive features relative to traditional rigid robots, including inherently safer human-robot interactions, and continuous passive dynamics that enable morphological computation. Here we present an actuator with an integrated print-in-place strain sensor which is produced entirely via multi-material additive manufacturing and requires no post processing or manual fabrication steps. One natural application of this technology is the end effector of robotic arms; incorporating deformable actuators into a gripping mechanism allows for the safe integration of robotic assistance in human-occupied settings. While numerous soft robot actuators have been implemented without feedback, force sensing and proprioception are valuable signals to leverage in extending the capabilities of these systems. Prior approaches to integrating sensors into soft robot components have relied on manual processes, or specialized fabrication tools. Our work shows a novel method for automatically manufacturing soft pneumatically-driven actuators with embedded sensors through readily available 3D printing tools with no human fabrication required. Automatically manufacturing these sensor-actuator systems enables more complex, capable, and integrate-able designs, because the labor of assembly is eliminated; actuator-sensor designs that would be tedious or impossible to manufacture become tractable with our approach.
Chapter 25 – Transplantation

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the functional aspects of germ cell transplantation. Germ cell transplantation has become an invaluable new tool for the elucidation of mechanisms underlying the intricate process of spermatogenesis. When the technique of germ cell transplantation was first introduced, a mixture of all cell types present within the donor seminiferous tubules were introduced into the recipient testes. The results show that putative stem cells make contact with recipient Sertoli cells very shortly after transplantation and reach the basement membrane of the recipient tubule within 1 week. All other cells were eliminated from the tubules by fluid movement and phagocytosis by 1 week after transplantation. Therefore, the recipient tubules serve as a filter, selectively retaining spermatogonial stem cells. This intriguing phenomenon of selective homing of the stem cells to their niche makes it possible to specifically study stem cell function even in situations in which a heterogeneous mixture of testis cells is transplanted. Another aspect to be considered for the success of germ cell transplantation is the immunological status of the recipient as the recipient testicular environment directly influences the efficiency of donor cell colonization.
Animals, Saints and the Anthropocene

Abstract This essay considers three works from the 1990’s, by a theologian (Tat’iana Goricheva), a writer of fiction (Petr Aleshkovskii), and a documentary journalist (Svetlana Aleksievich), looking in particular at how these writers reflect on the relationship between humans and animals in light of environmental crisis. The essay situates their work within cultural and environmental contexts (Russian Orthodoxy, folk narrative, chernukha, the Chernobyl disaster), and offers commentary on how these three writers affirm an ethic of responsibility that insists on the inherent worth of both animal and human lives.
Impact of adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy on development of breast cancer-related lymphedema: results from a large prospective cohort.

Taxane-based chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer is associated with fluid retention in the extremities; however, its association with development of breast cancer-related lymphedema is unclear. We sought to determine if adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy increased risk of lymphedema or mild swelling of the upper extremity. 1121 patients with unilateral breast cancer were prospectively screened for lymphedema with perometer measurements. Lymphedema was defined as a relative volume change (RVC) of ≥10 % from preoperative baseline. Mild swelling was defined as RVC 5- <10 %. Clinicopathologic characteristics were obtained via medical record review. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed to determine lymphedema rates and risk factors. 29 % (324/1121) of patients were treated with adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy. The 2-year cumulative incidence of lymphedema in the overall cohort was 5.27 %. By multivariate analysis, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) (p < 0.0001), higher body mass index (p = 0.0007), and older age at surgery (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with increased risk of lymphedema; however, taxane chemotherapy was not significant when compared to no chemotherapy and non-taxane chemotherapy (HR 1.14, p = 0.62; HR 1.56, p = 0.40, respectively). Chemotherapy with docetaxel was significantly associated with mild swelling on multivariate analysis in comparison to both no chemotherapy and non-taxane chemotherapy groups (HR 1.63, p = 0.0098; HR 2.15, p = 0.02, respectively). Patients who receive taxane-based chemotherapy are not at an increased risk of lymphedema compared to patients receiving no chemotherapy or non-taxane adjuvant chemotherapy. Those treated with docetaxel may experience mild swelling, but this does not translate into subsequent lymphedema.
Langage et Apprentissage en Interaction pour des Assistants Numériques Autonomes - Une Approche Développementale

L’essor des assistants numeriques ouvre la voie a de nouveaux modes d’interaction. Les assistants apprenant par interaction offrent ainsi la possibilite aux utilisateurs de personnaliser la maniere dont ils repondent aux requetes, notamment en leur enseignant de nouvelles procedures. Ces travaux proposent de s’appuyer sur des methodes d’apprentissage automatique pour enrichir les capacites de generalisation linguistique et procedurale de ces systemes. L’enjeu consiste a concilier des facultes d’apprentissage rapide, necessaire a une experience utilisateur fluide, avec une capacite de generalisation suffisamment large. Naturels pour les humains, ces qualites restent encore hors de portee pour les systemes artificiels. Cela nous conduit a approcher ces problematiques sous l’angle de l’Intelligence Artificielle developpementale. Ces travaux sont ainsi inspires par les processus cognitifs a l’œuvre chez l’enfant lors de l’apprentissage du langage. On propose tout d’abord un module de traitement du langage, qui s’appuie sur des methodes de comparaison semantique pour interpreter les requetes en langage naturel de l’utilisateur. La variabilite avec laquelle un locuteur s’exprime constitue en effet l’une des difficultes centrales de ces assistants apprenants. Notre module leur permet de disposer d’un outil de generalisation sur le langage qui s’adapte en continu a l’utilisateur. Un autre enjeu pour ces agents apprenants est leur capacite a transferer leur connaissance a de nouveaux objets et contextes. On propose alors une serie d’architectures d’agents de Deep Reinforcement Learning apprenant a executer des tâches exprimees en langage naturel dans des environnements varies. En exploitant le langage comme outil d’abstraction pour representer les tâches, on montre que lorsque l’environnement est suffisamment structure, ces agents sont capables de transferer les competences acquises sur certains objets a de nouveaux. On developpe enfin un cas d’usage dans un environnement domotique. On propose un assistant apprenant qui integre les systemes mentionnes precedemment
Significance of Historical Research in Health Education

(1980). Significance of Historical Research in Health Education. Health Education: Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 40-41.
Islamic Conversion and Christian Resistance on the Early Modern Stage

Introduction: "Turning Turk" and the Embodiment of Christian Faith and Resistance 1. Dangerous Fellowship: Universal Spirituality and its Bodily Limits in The Comedy of Errors and Othello 2. Recycled Models: Catholic Martyrdom and Embodied Resistance to "Turning Turk" 3. Engendering Faith: Sexual Defilement and Spiritual Redemption in The Renegado 4. Reforming the Knights of Malta: Male Chastity and Temperance on the Early Modern Stage Coda: Turning Miscegenation into Tragicomedy (Or Not): Greene's Orlando Furioso.
Placental localization by ultrasound.

Abstract A technique is presented for the ultrasonic localization of the placenta, which we believe to be simple, rapid, and safe. An increased sensitivity setting of the equipment produces sufficient penetration to locate a posteriorly implanted placenta so that this particular diagnosis no longer has to be made by exclusion. In order to test the accuracy of ultrasound in placental localization, we have studied 100 gravidas in whom the putative location of the placenta was checked at hysterotomy or cesarean section. In these study cases there were 5 errors in the ultrasonic diagnosis. We believe that the number of errors can be further diminished by experience and meticulous attention to details of technique.
Initial generation and separation of {sup 99}Mo at Sandia National Laboratories

Medical isotopes play an important role in the medical industry in both the United States and the world. Isotopes such as {sup 99}Tc, {sup 201}Tl, {sup 111}In, and {sup 123}I are utilized in diagnostic imaging studies, while others such as {sup 131}I and {sup 89}Sr are used as therapeutic agents. The particular medical isotope {sup 99m}Tc is used in 80% of all nuclear medical procedures in the United States. This isotope is produced from the decay of {sup 99}Mo, which has a 66 hour half-life. The importance of {sup 99m}Tc and the fact of its 6 hour half-life indicate the necessity to maintain a constant supply of {sup 99}Mo. The most prominent method for the production of significant quantities of {sup 99}Mo is by fission in highly-enriched uranium loaded targets. This paper describes the work performed at SNL for the production of {sup 99}Mo.
A Search for Obscured Globular Clusters

It has been estimated that up to several tens of globular clusters in our Galaxy remain undiscovered, because they are hidden by the dust. Most of those clusters are expected to be in the bulge area, but some may be anywhere in the galactic plane. This search is based on the use of IRAS catalogs as candidate lists for the obscured globular clusters. It was found that the properties of detected known clusters are sufficiently distinct for a meaningful sifting through the PSC. A sequence of statistical “filters”, described below, was applied on the PSC, until a couple of hundred most promising candidates were found in the bulge.
Root System Size Influences Water‐Nutrient Uptake and Nitrate Leaching Potential in Wheat

Environmental and economic considerations require the effective use of water and nutrients to elevate grain production in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with concomitant reduction in nitrate leaching to minimize contamination of underground water. We determined the effect of the root system on leaching fraction, leachate N concentration, and N, P and K uptake using bread wheat 'Pavon 76' and its three near-isogenic translocation lines: Pavon 1RS. 1AL, Pavon 1RS.1BL and Pavon 1RS.1DL. These genotypes were grown in sand-tube experiments under optimum and low level of nutrients for 2 years. Root, stem and leaves, and grain N, P, and K content, and agronomic characters were measured. Leaching fraction and leachate nitrate concentration were measured at early tillering, booting and early grain filling. Significant main effects for year, nutrient level and genotype were found for the characters. Genotype x N interaction was significant only for root P content. Genotype x year interaction was significant only for plant N content, root P content and plant P content. Genotype × year × N interaction was significant only for root N uptake efficiency. Thus, genotypic means averaged across years and nutrient levels are reported. Low levels of nutrients (1330, 235 and 793 mg vs. 1915, 375 and 1268 mg N, P and K, respectively) reduced mean root biomass, plant biomass and grain yield by 27 %, 25 %, and 19 %, respectively. The translocation lines produced 31-46 % more root biomass, 11-14 % heavier grains and 6-8 % greater grain yield than Pavon 76. Leaching fraction was higher under low level of nutrient at booting and grain filling. Leaching fraction at tillering, booting, and grain filling was 67%, 42% and 25%, respectively. Leaching fraction at early tillering was lower for Pavon 1RS.1AL (39 %) and Pavon 1RS.1DL (40.5 %) than for Pavon 76 (45.3 %). Leachate nitrate concentration was lower for two translocation lines at all three stages of plant growth compared to Pavon 76. The correlation coefficient between plant N content and root biomass, between plant N content and plant biomass, and between grain yield and root biomass was positive and significant. Significant positive correlation was found between root biomass and P and K uptake. Multiple small applications of N fertilizer during early plant growth with adequate irrigation water are recommended. Wheat genotypes with superior root characteristics for efficient nutrient uptake, especially during tillering and booting, should be developed in breeding programmes to increase grain yield and to minimize the nitrate leaching.
Serial-section analysis of clustering within anthers of maize microsporocytes with specific crossovers.

The distribution within anthers of maize plants of microsporocytes of differing crossover class was studied by application of the serial-sectioning technique to plants heterozygous for a paracentric inversion. In such material, cells with four-strand double crossovers within the inversion are distinguishable from cells with other classes of crossovers within the inverted region and from cells with no crossovers within the inversion. Evidence was found for coarse clustering of cells with four-strand double crossovers within the inversion and for coarse clustering of cells of other crossover classes (with at least one crossover within the inversion). The local frequencies of these two major categories of crossover cells appeared to vary independently of each other, with regional increases in each occurring at the expense of noncrossover cells. There is also some suggestion that cells with four-strand doubles within the inversion may be clustered independently of other double-crossover classes within the inversion, but these other classes are not directly scorable.
Leveraging collaboration to improve gender equity in a game-based learning environment for middle school computer science

Game-based learning environments can deliver robust learning gains and also have a unique capacity to engage students. Yet they can unintentionally disadvantage students with less prior gaming experience. This is especially concerning in computer science education, as certain underrepresented groups (such as female students) may on average have less prior experience with games. This paper presents evidence that a collaborative gameplay approach can successfully address this problem at the middle school level. In an iterative, designed-based research study, we first used an experimental pilot study to investigate the nature of collaboration in the Engage game-based learning environment, and then deployed Engage in a full classroom study to measure its effectiveness at serving all students. In earlier phases of the intervention, male students outpaced their female peers in learning gains. However, female students caught up during a multi-week classroom implementation. These findings provide evidence that a collaborative gameplay approach may, over time, compensate for gender differences in experience and lead to equitable learning experiences within game-based learning environments for computer science education.
THEORY OF THE PH-STAT TITRATION OF A POLYFUNCTIONAL REACTANT BY A COMPETITIVE 'LIGANDEE'.

IN their recent extensive investigation of the reversible reaction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and bivalent mercuric compounds1, Yamane and Davidson2 introduced a useful new kind of pH-stat titration which they applied both to their investigation of the DNA–HgII interactions and to the examination of DNA–Ag+ interactions3.
Partially-dependent functional decomposition with applications in FPGA synthesis and mapping

In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of partially-dependent functional decomposition and develop new algorithms to compute such decompositions. We apply our method to the synthesis and mapping for Xilinx XC4000 FPGA's which contain non-uniform sizes of LUT's in its architecture. We develop a new mapping algorithm named PDDMAP which uses CLB's to cover nodes on critical paths for depth minimization and uses LUT's to cover non-critical nodes for area minimization. On average, PDDMAP is able to reduce the depth by 13%with only 1% of increase in area comparing to the results by FlowMap followed by a CLB generation procedure match_4k. We also develop a post-mapping procedure named PDDSYN which resynthesizes mapping solutionsto reduce the mapping area. On average, PDDSYN is able to improve PDDMAP mapping solutions by 5% in depth and 7% in CLB count, and achieves 8% smaller depth and 11% fewer CLB count comparing to FlowSyn followed by match-4k.
Endodontic Involvement Resulting from Dental Abrasion or Erosion

Extreme loss of tooth substance that was due to dental abrasion or erosion resulted in pulpal and periapical pathoses of many of the teeth. Two teeth had an opening into the pulp chamber, but the majority were sealed with secondary dentin.
Political Bias in the Dogmatism Scale: An Item Analysis

Etude examinant la possibilite d'un biais ideologique dans l'Echelle de Dogmatisme en comparant les reponses fournies aux items individuels par des groupes de sujets classifies comme «autoritaires» de gauche ou de droite
Depressed skull fracture in a 7-month-old who fell from bed.

Accidents in children represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Falls are the most frequent cause of accidental injury and rank fourth behind motor vehicle accidents, fires, and drowning as the cause of accidental death in children.1 Falling out of bed is a relatively common occurrence. Although childhood falls from bed frequently will prompt an urgent visit to the pediatrician, rarely do they produce significant injury.2-4 We present a case in which a fall of 24 inches from bed resulted in an uncomplicated, simple depressed skull fracture. A 7-month-old infant was brought to the emergency department by her parents after an unwitnessed fall from bed. On multiple, independent interviews, her parents provided a consistent, unwavering history. The patient and her father were lying in bed, when the father was called out to help the mother with the 2-year-old brother. After leaving the bedroom, the father heard a thud and returned immediately to find the patient on the floor crying. She was consoled after 5 minutes, at which time the father noted a depression on the right side of her head. The parents sought medical attention immediately. A thorough evaluation in the emergency department showed a normal physical and neurologic exam, with no evidence of external trauma except for a 2 × 4 × 0.5-cm depression of the skull in the right parietal region. A computerized tomography image showed a depressed skull fracture of the right parietal bone, with no evidence of underlying brain injury. The patient was admitted to the hospital for close observation and additional evaluation of suspected …
Possible Regulatory Role for the Histidine-Rich Loop in the Zinc Transport Protein, ZnuA†,‡

A number of bacterial metal transporters belong to the ABC transporter family. To better understand the structural determinants of metal selectivity of one such transporter, we previously determined the structure of the periplasmic domain of a zinc transporter, ZnuA, from Synechocystis 6803 and found that ZnuA binds zinc via three histidines. Unique to these ABC zinc transporters, ZnuA has a highly charged and mobile loop that protrudes from the protein in the vicinity of the metal binding site that we had suggested might facilitate zinc acquisition. To further examine the function of this loop, the structure and zinc binding properties of two ZnuA variants were determined. When the loop is entirely deleted, zinc still binds to the three histidines. However, unlike what was suggested from the structure of a similar solute binding protein, TroA, release of zinc occurs concomitantly with large conformational changes in two of the three chelating histidines. These structural results combined with isothermal titration calorimetry data demonstrate that there are at least two classes of zinc binding sites: the high-affinity site in the cleft between the two domains and at least one additional site on the flexible loop. This loop has approximately 100-fold weaker affinity for zinc than the high-affinity zinc binding site, and its deletion does not affect the high-affinity site. From these results, we suggest that this region might be a sensor for high periplasmic levels of zinc.
A critique of the overfill hypothesis of sodium and water retention in the nephrotic syndrome

A critique of the overfill hypothesis of sodium and water retention in the nephrotic syndrome. Recent reviews have claimed that the majority of patients with the nephrotic syndrome have plasma volume expansion (that is, they are overfilled). Here we attempt to re-establish balance to the debate on body fluid volume status in nephrotic patients by: (a) discussing the conflicting literature on plasma volume measurements in the nephrotic syndrome; (b) providing alternate explanations for data purporting to support an overfill hypothesis in the nephrotic syndrome; (c) emphasizing secondary neurohumoral responses that support underfilling at least as frequently as overfilling; and (d) emphasizing the clinical importance of fluid assessment in the individual patient with the nephrotic syndrome particularly in relation to diuretic use.
Experimental studies of solitons in superfluid 3 He-A

Magnetic textures have been created and studied in the A phase of superfluid 3He at several pressures, in magnetic fields from 15 to 20 mT, by intense rf magnetic pulses which invert the magnetization of the fluid. To create this new state we find that the initial large pulse must tip the magnetization by at least 140‡. In this state the fluid evolves from a condition where the NMR frequency shift Ω-γH 0is smaller than that in the unperturbed superfluid by a factor of 0.54, over a time scale of tens of seconds to a condition where the frequency shift is 0.70 times the unperturbed value. We have studied the fluid's linear response to small-angle sampling pulses as well as the nonlinear response to large-angle pulses. By using two independent NMR coils we have seen this new state move through the fluid; we find that a lower limit on its propagation velocity is around one-half the spin wave velocity. All of our results are generally consistent with the model of solitons in the order parameter proposed by Maki and co-workers.