cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MP3 Music Blogs: Their Efficacy in Selling Music and Marketing Bands

This baseline study looks at the uses and marketing efficacy of MP3 music blogs. These are blogs that fans and bands use to post music (actual MP3s) and information concerning artists. An online survey of 250 users of these blogs was conducted in 2006. Through music blogs, patrons are exposed to a huge catalog of music for free. The data suggest that downloading music from a blog does not mean that the downloader is going to go out and purchase the downloaded artist's album (CD), and it might actually make a purchase less likely. But these blog readers are still die-hard music fans and still purchase more albums than casual music listener. For a band to be most effectively marketed through MP3 blogs it is apparently important that the band is featured on the blog with positive comments from the blogger.
Two‐ and Three‐dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiographic Assessment of Tricuspid Valve Prolapse with Mid‐to‐Late Systolic Tricuspid Regurgitation

We present the two-dimensional echocardiographic findings of tricuspid valve prolapse with mid-to-late systolic tricuspid regurgitation and describe the incremental value provided by live/real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. We also discuss a potential pitfall when assessing the severity of regurgitation in this setting.
Rotor drop and following thermal growth simulations using detailed auxiliary bearing and damper models

Abstract Catcher bearings (CBs) or auxiliary bearings provide mechanical backup protection in the events of magnetic bearing failure. This paper presents numerical analysis for a rotor drop on CBs and following thermal growths due to their mechanical rub using detailed CB and damper models. The detailed CB model is determined based on its material, geometry, speed and preload using the nonlinear Hertzian load–deflection formula, and the thermal growths of bearing components during the rotor drop are estimated using a 1D thermal model. A finite-element squeeze film damper provides the pressure profile of an annular oil film and the resulting viscous damping force. Numerical simulations of an energy storage flywheel with magnetic suspensions failed reveal that an optimal CB design using the detailed simulation models stabilizes the rotor drop dynamics and lowers the thermal growths while preventing the high-speed backward whirl. Furthermore, CB design guides based on the simulation results are presented.
CORE POLARIZATION AND THE SCATTERING OF 155-MeV PROTONS.

Abstract Core polarization effects are shown still to be important for the inelastic scattering of 155-MeV protons when a simple shell-model description of the nuclear states is used.
Spike-frequency adaptation generates intensity invariance in a primary auditory interneuron

Adaptation of the spike-frequency response to constant stimulation, as observed on various timescales in many neurons, reflects high-pass filter properties of a neuron's transfer function. Adaptation in general, however, is not sufficient to make a neuron's response independent of the mean intensity of a sensory stimulus, since low frequency components of the stimulus are still transmitted, although with reduced gain. We here show, based on an analytically tractable model, that the response of a neuron is intensity invariant, if the fully adapted steady-state spike-frequency response to constant stimuli is independent of stimulus intensity. Electrophysiological recordings from the AN1, a primary auditory interneuron of crickets, show that for intensities above 60 dB SPL (sound pressure level) the AN1 adapted with a time-constant of approximately 40 ms to a steady-state firing rate of approximately 100 Hz. Using identical random amplitude-modulation stimuli we verified that the AN1's spike-frequency response is indeed invariant to the stimulus' mean intensity above 60 dB SPL. The transfer function of the AN1 is a band pass, resulting from a high-pass filter (cutoff frequency at 4 Hz) due to adaptation and a low-pass filter (100 Hz) determined by the steady-state spike frequency. Thus, fast spike-frequency adaptation can generate intensity invariance already at the first level of neural processing.
Low radiation coronary calcium scoring by dual-source CT with tube current optimization based on patient body size.

Background Reducing tube voltage from 120 kV to 100 kV during noncontrast CT for the detection of coronary artery calcium reduces patient radiation exposure. Objective We investigated whether coronary calcium scoring by multidetector row CT can be performed at reduced tube current, resulting in lower radiation dose to the patient. Methods Sixty-six outpatients were scanned on the same visit by dual-source CT (DSCT) with a standard protocol (120 kVp, 150 mAs), followed by a scan with reduced tube current: 85 mAs for patients with body mass index (BMI) ≤ 30 kg/m 2 and weight ≤ 85 kg, and 120 mAs for patients with BMI > 30 kg/m 2 or weight > 85 kg. Low-dose scans were scored by an experienced reader blinded to the standard scan. Results Agatston scores (ASs) and calcium volume for standard versus low-dose scans were 236 ± 581 versus 234 ± 586 ( P = 0.65, NS), and 189 ± 460 mm 3 versus 184 ± 455 mm 3 with excellent correlation ( r = 1.0, P P = 0.14, NS). Effective radiation dose for the low-dose protocol (1.0 ± 0.2 mSv) was significantly lower than for the standard protocol (1.7 ± 0.2 mSv; P P Conclusion Noncontrast CT for measurement of coronary artery calcium with lower tube current optimized for patient body size is equivalent to standard methods at 40% lower radiation dose, indicating that radiation dose can be lowered for coronary calcium scanning.
Processing conditions and properties of semicrystalline polymers, I: Effect of mechanical properties of a chlorinated polyether

Controlled changes in crystallization conditions and shear history prior to and following both extrusion and compression molding were shown to drastically alter the mechanical properties of the polymer studied. This material, Poly[3,3-(bischloromethyl) oxacyclobutane], is an essentially linear polymer with a number average molecular weight of 300,000. The effect of heat transfer, as limited by experimental conditions, had a primary influence upon the crystallization phenomenon and therefore also upon the morphology and the resultant mechanical properties. By proper selection of processing conditions it was possible to alter the mechanical properties of this polymer from brittle behavior to the ability to form a neck and draw to high degrees of elongation. Using conditions that imparted the ability to neck and draw, it was shown that this process is sensitive to both strain rate during testing and extrusion rate during processing. The underlying cause of the effects upon mechanical properties appear to be the dramatic changes occurring in morphology as a result of the selected processing conditions. A chemical etching agent was used on these samples prior to replication, and observation in the electron microscope. Using this technique the internal morphology was studied and compared to the surface morphology. There was not a gradient of morphology in these samples. Furthermore, the use of this etching agent that attacked non-crystalline regions preferentially, suggested that the lamellar fine structure of spherulites is composed of smaller units.
Chefs’ attitudes in North-Eastern US toward irradiated beef, Olestra, rBST and genetically engineered tomatoes

Social and economic factors, such as cost, income, attitudes, availability and convenience have traditionally impacted consumer food choices. Newer determinants of food choice include the effects of legislation, technology and the increase in percentage of meals eaten outside the home (45% today, projected to be 53% by 2010). In this decade, controversial food technologies include irradiation, genetic engineering and and development of non-digestible fat substitutes. With higher frequency of meals eaten outside the home, there is an increase in transfer of decision making from individuals and families to chefs. This study surveyed 115 chefs for their awareness of and willingness to purchase such technically altered foods. Chefs were also queried concerning support for labeling for genetically modified ingredients and foods. Irradiated ground beef and genetically engineered tomatoes had high levels of willingness to purchase; potato chips made with Olestra had the lowest level of willingness to purchase. Chefs supported mandatory labeling of food containing genetically modified ingredients.
Biomanufacturing of CdS quantum dots

Nature provides powerful but as-yet largely unharnessed methods for low-cost, green synthesis of inorganic functional materials such as quantum dots. These materials have diverse applications from medicine to renewable energy. Harnessing nature's unique ability to achieve cost effective and scalable manufacturing solutions with reduced environmental impact is integral to realizing a future biomanufacturing economy. To address this challenge, a bacterial strain has been engineered to enable biosynthesis of CdS nanocrystals with extrinsic crystallite size control in the quantum confinement range. This strain yields extracellular, water-soluble quantum dots from low-cost precursors at ambient temperatures and pressure. The biomanufacturing approach demonstrated here produces CdS semiconductor nanocrystals with associated size-dependent band gap and photoluminescent properties.
Feasible bounds for multi-hop routing in sensor networks with mobile sinks

Mobile sink data collection can be accomplished with varying degrees of multi-hop routing. For a given data generation rate, as the extent of multi-hop routing increases, the round trip time of the sink decreases. At the same time, interference experienced by mobile sink-sensor link increases resulting in higher upload times. In the presence of these competing effects and sink constraints, this paper investigates the problem of determining the multi-hop routing that is feasible for the given network and application parameters through an analytical model and validates the predictions using simulations.
FabF Is Required for Piezoregulation of cis-Vaccenic Acid Levels and Piezophilic Growth of the Deep-Sea Bacterium Photobacterium profundum Strain SS9

To more fully explore the role of unsaturated fatty acids in high-pressure, low-temperature growth, the fabF gene from the psychrotolerant, piezophilic deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 was characterized and its role and regulation were examined. An SS9 strain harboring a disruption in the fabF gene (strain EA40) displayed growth impairment at elevated hydrostatic pressure concomitant with diminished cis-vaccenic acid (18:1) production. However, growth ability at elevated pressure could be restored to wild-type levels by the addition of exogenous 18:1 to the growth medium. Transcript analysis did not indicate that the SS9 fabF gene is transcriptionally regulated, suggesting that the elevated 18:1 levels produced in response to pressure increase result from posttranscriptional changes. Unlike many pressure-adapted bacterial species such as SS9, the mesophile Escherichia coli did not regulate its fatty acid composition in an adaptive manner in response to changes in hydrostatic pressure. Moreover, an E. coli fabF strain was as susceptible to elevated pressure as wild-type cells. It is proposed that the SS9 fabF product, b-ketoacyl‐acyl carrier protein synthase II has evolved novel pressure-responsive characteristics which facilitate SS9 growth at high pressure.
Metapolítica y ética en los tiempos de proliferación de la memoria histórica española

Este trabajo analiza desde la literatura la fertilidad de la memoria como un evento politico, en la denominacion del filosofo Alain Badiou, encaminado a desentranar claves y procesos de verdad no tomados en cuenta durante la Transicion. En concreto se analizan una novela de Andres Trapiello, Dias y noches (2000), y otra de Suso de Toro, Hombre sin nombre (2006), en su potencial para desmitificar la Guerra Civil y abrir el recuerdo a una nocion de etica y de justicia donde lo dejado de lado encuentre el camino de su presencia.
Buffer optimization and dispatching scheme for embedded systems with behavioral transparency

Software components are modular and can enable post-deployment update, but their high overhead in runtime and memory is prohibitive for many embedded systems. This paper proposes to minimize such overhead by exploiting behavioral transparency in models of computation. In such a model (e.g., synchronous dataflow), the state of buffer requirements is determined completely by the firing sequence of the actors without requiring functional simulation of the actors. Instead of dedicating space to each channel or actor statically, our dispatcher passes buffer pointers to an actor upon firing. Straightforward implementations are counterproductive, as fine-grained allocation incurs high pointer overhead while coarse-grained allocation suffers from fragmentation. To address this problem, we propose medium-grained, "access-contiguous" buffer allocation scheme. We formulate the problem as 2-D tiles that represent the lifetime of the buffers over time and define operators for their translation and transformations to minimize their memory occupation spatially and temporally. Experimental results on real-life applications show up to 70% data memory reduction compared to existing techniques. Our technique retains code modularity for dynamic configuration and, more importantly, enables many more applications that otherwise would not fit if implemented using previous state-of-the-art techniques.
Propects for High Energy Heavy Ion Accelerators

The acceleration of heavy ions to relativistic energies (T greater than or equal to 1 GeV/amu) at the beam intensities required for fundamental research falls clearly in the domain of synchrotons. Up to date, such beams have been obtained from machines originally designed as proton acccelerators by means of modified RF-programs, improved vacuum and, most importantly, altered or entirely new injector systems. Similarly, for the future, substantial changes in synchrotron design itself are not foreseen, but rather the judicious application and development of presently known principles and technologies and a choice of parameters optimized with respect to the peculiarities of heavy ions. The low charge to mass ratio, q/A, of very heavy ions demands that superconducting magnets be considered in the interest of the highest energies for a given machine size. Injector brightness will continue to be of highest importance, and although space charge effects such as tune shifts will be increased by a factor q/sup 2//A compared with protons, advances in linac current and brightness, rather than substantially higher energies are required to best utilize a given synchrotron acceptance. However, high yeilds of fully stripped, very heavy ions demand energies of a few hundred MeV/amu, thus indicating the needmore » for a booster synchrotron, although for entirely different reasons than in proton facilities. Finally, should we consider colliding beams, the high charge of heavy ions will impose severe current limitations and put high demands on system design with regard to such quantities as e.g., wall impedances or the ion induced gas desorption rate, and advanced concepts such as low ..beta.. insertions with suppressed dispersion and very small crossing angles will be essential to the achievement of useful luminosities.« less
Is the auditory system cognitively penetrable

According to the hierarchical model of sensory information processing, sensory inputs are transmitted to cortical areas, which are crucial for complex auditory and speech processing, only after being processed in subcortical areas (Hickok and Poeppel, 2007; Rauschecker and Scott, 2009). However, studies using electroencephalography (EEG) indicate that distinguishing simultaneous auditory inputs involves a widely distributed neural network, including the medial temporal lobe, which is essential for declarative memory, and posterior association cortices (Alain et al., 2001; Squire et al., 2004). More recent studies have even demonstrated plasticity of auditory signals as low as the brainstem (Suga, 2008). Collectively, studies suggest that the functional architecture of perceptual processing involves primarily top-down modulation (Suga et al., 2002; Gilbert and Li, 2013; Chandrasekaran et al., 2014). Top-down influences exerted throughout the auditory systems (Lotto and Holt, 2011) include: memory (Goldinger, 1998)1, attention (Choi et al., 2014), which has been found to modulate auditory encoding in the cochlea, a subcortical area (Maison et al., 2001), (prior) knowledge of syntax or words (Ganong, 1980; Warren, 1984)2, and experience-based expectations pertaining to the speaker's accent (Deutsch, 1996; Deutsch et al., 2004; Irino and Patterson, 2006), gender (Johnson et al., 1999), and vocal folds or tract (Irino and Patterson, 2002; Patterson and Johnsrude, 2008).
Natriuretic effect of posterior pituitary neurophysin.

ABSTRACT Neurophysins are peptides which are present in the neurohypophysis in association with oxytocin and vasopressin. Two neurophysins, I and II, have been isolated from bovine posterior pituitary powder. Neurophysin I intravenously administered to hydropenic dogs caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in sodium excretion from 2.3 ± 0.3 μEq/min to 17.3 ± 3.8 μEq/min (mean ± sem). The peak natriuretic response occurred 90–120 minutes after injection of a bolus of neurophysin. Proximal renal tubule recollection micropuncture showed the basal tubular fluid/plasma inulin ratio (TF/P) of 1.50 ± 0.14 decreased significantly (p < 0.05) to 1.22 ± 0.06 (mean ± sem), after injection of neurophysin I. The decreased TF/P indicated a decrease in the fractional sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Neurophysin II caused no change in urinary excretion. A biochemically specific posterior pituitary peptide has been demonstrated to have natriuretic activity in the dog. At least part of this action is due to an...
The Intracellular Location of Iron Regulatory Proteins Is Altered as a Function of Iron Status in Cell Cultures and Rat Brain

Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) are proteins involved in the regulation of intracellular iron homeostasis that bind to specific mRNA structures termed iron responsive elements (IREs). Because the target mRNAs for the IRPs are both cytosolic and membrane associated, we hypothesize that movement of IRPs between the cytosolic and the membrane associated subcellular fractions occurs in response to intracellular iron changes. We tested this hypothesis in a cell culture model, using mouse fibroblast cells (NIH 3T3) and macrophage cells (J774), and in a rat model of early iron deficiency and excess. This presented the first opportunity to examine IRP binding activity in rat brain during states of dietary iron deficiency and excess. Binding activity for IRPs was demonstrated in both membrane and cytosolic fractions in the cell lines and the rat brain homogenates. Although IRP binding activity is predominantly located in the cytosol (90%), there was increased IRP/IRE binding activity in both cytosolic and membrane fractions when the cells were treated with deferoxamine, and decreased binding activity after treatment with iron. In the rat study, brain cortex, hippocampus and striatum homogenates had more IRP binding activity in iron-deficient rats and less in iron-supplemented rats in a region- and time-specific manner. The intracellular distribution of IRPs also changed between the cytosolic and membrane fractions of the brain homogenates in conjunction with changes in iron. These in vivo studies are consistent with the cell culture analyses showing intracellular redistribution of IRPs as a function of iron status. The results of these experiments extend our understanding of cytoplasmic mRNA binding protein activity and raise questions regarding the mechanism by which mRNA binding proteins can locate their target mRNAs within cells. The elucidation of this mechanism will have a significant impact on our understanding of eukaryotic gene regulation.
The Adult Performance Level Program: A Serious and Deliberate Examination.

The Adult Performance Level Program and the tests which it has produced are the results of efforts initiated and supported by the U. S. Office of Education to improve the teaching and test ing of a...
High temperature superconductors and their promise for better microwave circuits

The microwave resistance of superconductors and the status of high-temperature-superconductor materials technology in achieving low resistances is discussed. The resistance R of superconductors at microwave frequencies is equal to R=R(T)+R(res), where R (res) is a residual resistance due to such mechanisms as impurity scattering and R(T) is due to the thermal excitation of normal (as opposed to paired) electrons. Initial microwave measurements of ceramic yttrium barium copper oxide yielded R(res) values ranging from 0.1 to that of copper. Lower resistance values observed for thin films and single crystals are reported. >
Effect of Same-Sex Marriage Laws on Health Care Use and Expenditures in Sexual Minority Men: A Quasi-Natural Experiment

Objectives. We sought to determine whether health care use and expenditures among gay and bisexual men were reduced following the enactment of same-sex marriage laws in Massachusetts in 2003.Methods. We used quasi-experimental, prospective data from 1211 sexual minority male patients in a community-based health center in Massachusetts.Results. In the 12 months after the legalization of same-sex marriage, sexual minority men had a statistically significant decrease in medical care visits (mean = 5.00 vs mean = 4.67; P = .05; Cohen's d = 0.17), mental health care visits (mean = 24.72 vs mean = 22.20; P = .03; Cohen's d = 0.35), and mental health care costs (mean = $2442.28 vs mean = $2137.38; P = .01; Cohen's d = 0.41), compared with the 12 months before the law change. These effects were not modified by partnership status, indicating that the health effect of same-sex marriage laws was similar for partnered and nonpartnered men.Conclusions. Policies that confer protections to same-sex couples may be effect...
Origin and Development of Northern Green River Basin: A Stratigraphic and Flexural Study: ABSTRACT

Two-dimensional profiling of the northern Green River basin using topographic, stratigraphic, and structural information shows that the basin can be modeled effectively as a flexural depression resulting from extrabasinal and intrabasinal loading on an elastically behaving lithosphere. Two distinct approaches were used: present basin geometry profiling and sediment thickness profiling. Present basin geometry profiling involves analysis of predicted present-day basin configuration compared with the observed configuration. Sediment thickness profiling, a procedure based on isostatic compensation for flexural responses to loading, relates stratigraphic thickness of basinal rocks to coeval tectonic loading. Results of both methods suggest the lower Tertiary and perhaps some u permost Cretaceous sediments accumulated as a result of flexure due to loading by the Darby and Prospect thrusts to the west and the Wind River foreland thrust to the east. Moreover, results of the sediment thickness profiling are of predictive value resolving stratigraphic problems and timing structural events. Tentative results imply that (1) the northern Green River basin was essentially full by the end of the early Eocene and subsequent erosion has been negligible, and (2) the first movement on the Wind River thrust in the latest Cretaceous was significant in controlling basin configuration. End_of_Article - Last_Page 527------------
Screening relatives of patients with familial chronic open angle glaucoma.

Abstract Purpose To describe the value and the results of screening of family members of individuals with familial chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG) for the disease. Design Cross-sectional study of families with COAG. Participants Eighty-six individuals from 15 families with COAG. Testing Complete ophthalmologic examinations, automated perimetry, and optic nerve photography. Main outcome measures Disease status as glaucoma patient (at least two of three parameters abnormal: intraocular pressure, visual field, or disc appearance), glaucoma suspect (one of three parameters abnormal), or normal. Results Twenty-six relatives were diagnosed with COAG. The diagnosis was most frequently made on the basis of intraocular pressure readings and automated perimetry. Twenty-three relatives were classified as glaucoma suspects; automated perimetry was the most useful modality for the detection of abnormalities in these individuals. Siblings of COAG patients had the highest risk of COAG developing (64.7%) compared with children (13.2%) or other blood relatives (22.2%). Conclusions When COAG is present in more than one family member, immediate and other relatives should be evaluated for glaucoma by means of clinical examination and automated perimetry.
The metabolic effects of low-carbohydrate diets and incorporation into a biochemistry course

One of the challenges in teaching biochemistry is facilitating students' interest in and mastery of metabolism. The many pathways and modes of regulation can be overwhelming for students to learn and difficult for professors to teach in an engaging manner. We have found it useful to take advantage of prevailing interest in popular yet controversial weight-loss methods, particularly low-carbohydrate diets. The metabolic rationale behind these eating plans can be linked to glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketosis, glycogen metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and hormonal regulation. When this approach was used in undergraduate biochemistry classes at the State University of New York at Geneseo, students were highly motivated to learn the biochemical principles behind these diets. The following provides information about low-carbohydrate diet plans that will enable professors to speak authoritatively on the subject. History and studies regarding efficacy as well as biochemical metabolic effects are included.
Surface dynamics of the layered ruthenate Ca1.9Sr0.1RuO4

The strong coupling between electronic, lattice, orbital, and spin degrees of freedom in transition metal oxides implies that the symmetry breaking at the surface of these materials should lead to a rich surface phase diagram and interesting new physics. Here we investigate the surface phases of the Ca{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}RuO{sub 4} system that (in bulk) can be tuned from a Mott insulator (x = 0) to a p-wave superconductor (x = 2) without changing the electron count. This system therefore displays a bandwidth controlled metal-insulator transition. Electronic and structural properties of these surfaces are studied by variable temperature High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS) and Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED). It is found that broken symmetry on the Sr{sub 2}RuO{sub 4} surface results in the rotation of RuO{sub 4} octahedra relative to bulk positions along the c-axis, changing the relative in-plane Ru-O bond length and shifting the surface phonon energies. The substitution of Ca ions in Sr{sub 2}RuO{sub 4} crystals results in a rotation plus a tilt of the RuO{sub 6} octahedra creating a Mott-insulator phase. In particular, Ca{sub 1.9}Sr{sub 0.1}RuO{sub 4} exhibits a Mott transition below 154 K in bulk single crystals. However, with HREELS, we observed phononmore » and conductivity dynamics at the surface of Ca{sub 1.9}Sr{sub 0.1}RuO{sub 4} crystals below {approx}130 K, indicating a lower surface Mott transition temperature than in the bulk.« less
Experimental evaluation of some possible nonlinearity indicators

Due to regulatory reasons, the output levels of ultrasound sources for use in medical applications must be known. Currently, this is done by making focal pressure measurements for a very large number of drive voltage amplitudes and then linearly derating the measured pressure levels. In order to reduce calibration times, some have proposed to linearly extrapolate pressures rather than perform direct measurements. However, nonlinear propagation effects corrupt the linear extrapolation and derating procedure. Thus, a reliable indicator of nonlinearity is needed to identify when linear extrapolation/derating would be valid. In this study, eight different nonlinearity indicators were evaluated experimentally in terms of their correspondence to the linear extrapolation error. Spherically focused ultrasound transducers were selected and excited to test the indicators sensitivity to frequency (3 - 8 MHz), f/# (1 and 2), transducer diameter (1.905 and 5.08 cm), pulse duration (1 and 3 cycles), and pulse phase (0/spl deg/ and 180/spl deg/). None of the eight nonlinearity indicators yielded consistent results. The lack of consistency resulted from the competing effects of nonlinear absorption and asymmetric distortion, which have yet to be combined into a unified theory.
EVOLUTIONARY GAME THEORETICAL MODEL OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF HUE, A HUE STRUCTURE, AND COLOR CATEGORIZATION IN NOVICE AND STABLE LEARNERS

Evolutionary game theory is used to form a finite partition of a continuous hue circle in which perceptually similar hues are each represented by an icon chip and the circle by a finite but game dynamically determined number of icon chips. On the basis of such icon chip structures, a color categorization for both an individual learner and a population of learners is then evolved. These results remove limitations of some particular previous color categorization simulation work which assumed a fixed number of color stimuli and a maximal number of predefined color categories. These simulations are extended to demonstrate that learners need neither to share the same icon chip structures, nor do these structures have to be fully developed for a population of learners to produce a stable color categorization system. Additionally, when a naive learner is introduced into a population with a stable color categorization, the game dynamics result in the learner's adopting the existing categorization. All results are shown to hold while the underlying icon chip structures evolve continuously in response to novel stimuli. The usefulness of the approach as well as some of the potential implications of the results for human learning of color categories are discussed.
Comparison of a Noise-Weighted Filtered Backprojection Algorithm with the Standard MLEM Algorithm for Poisson Noise

Iterative maximum-likelihood expectation maximization and ordered-subset expectation maximization algorithms are excellent for image reconstruction and usually provide better images than filtered backprojection (FBP). Recently, an FBP algorithm able to incorporate noise weighting during reconstruction was developed. This paper compares the performance of the noiseweighted FBP algorithm and the iterative maximum-likelihood expectation maximization algorithm with Poisson noise–corrupted emission data generated by computer simulations and a SPECT experimental study. The results show comparable performance for these 2 algorithms.
Empirical correction for PM7 band gaps of transition-metal oxides

A post-calculation correction is established for PM7 band gaps of transition-metal oxides. The correction is based on the charge on the metal cation of interest, as obtained from MOPAC PM7 calculations. Application of the correction reduces the average error in the PM7 band gap from ~3 eV to ~1 eV. The residual error after correction is shown to be uncorrelated to the Hartree-Fock method upon which PM7 is based. Graphical Abstract Comparison between calculated band gaps and experimental band gaps for binary oxides. The orange crosses are for corrected PM7 band gaps. Blue squares are uncorrected values. The orange crosses fall closer to the diagonal dashed line, showing an overall improvement of the accuracy of calculated values.
Adolescents in Society: Their Evolving Legal Status

The last few years have brought particularly significant transformations in the interplay between society and adolescents. On the one hand, the law is increasingly recognizing the key neurological and psychosocial differences between adults and adolescents. As the Supreme Court has concluded in a string of recent cases: there are certain “self-evident” and “universal” differences between children and adults confirmed by both science and common sense. On the other hand, young people are increasingly asserting their independence, whether through the use of new technologies or in medical decisions, and are demanding a voice in matters that concern them. The legal status of adolescents continues to be variable and often inconsistent; adolescents are treated as mature adults for some purposes and as incompetent minors for others. This area of law has never been more in flux. This Article introduces a symposium issue on “Adolescents in Society: Their Evolving Legal Status.” The symposium focused on the three key areas of criminal law, health, and technology. We were extremely fortunate to be able to bring together judges, lawyers, scholars, and other experts to address questions including: How has the status and role of adolescents changed recently, whether through court decisions, legislation or other means of social change?; What types of data or evidence, be it psychological, statistical, or anecdotal, are courts and legislatures relying on to craft protections and obligations for today’s youth?; and How should young people be accorded increasing autonomy to allow them to mature, while also being protected against harms to which they are vulnerable?
Modulation of thrombin and thrombin receptor peptide mitogenicity by human lung mast cell tryptase

In previous studies, mast cell tryptase acted as a potent mitogen for fibroblasts from human lung and rodent embryonic tissue but failed to stimulate growth of cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The current study shows that tryptase inhibits DNA synthesis in VSMC stimulated by thrombin. However, it does not affect the stimulation of DNA synthesis by the synthetic thrombin receptor peptide Ser-Phe-Phe-Leu-Arg-Asn-Pro (SFFLRNP), which mimics the amino-terminus of thrombin receptor proteolytically activated by thrombin. Nor does tryptase alter the mitogenic response of VSMC to purified growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). These data suggest that tryptase inhibits thrombin-induced DNA synthesis without interfering with intracellular mitogenic signaling pathways activated by thrombin or other growth factors. This study further suggests that tryptase neither cleaves nor inactivates thrombin. Therefore, inhibition of thrombin's mitogenic effects by tryptase is not mediated by destruction of thrombin itself. The inhibition by tryptase of thrombin-induced DNA synthesis in VSMC contrasts with the stimulatory effect of tryptase on fibroblasts, in which synergy is observed with thrombin, with thrombin receptor peptide and with other growth factors. These data provide in vitro evidence that mast cell tryptase interferes with thrombin-stimulated vascular smooth muscle growth and suggest that tryptase is a multifunctional growth factor whose actions are cell specific.
Polysaccharide Depressants for the Reverse Flotation of Iron Ore

Review of reverse flotation of iron ore is presented with a focus on the polysaccharide depressants used and the corresponding adsorption phenomena. Iron oxide minerals have a special affinity for starch and other polysaccharides, and this special property facilitates their depression during the reverse cationic flotation of silica with ether amines in Brazil (Peres and Correa, in Miner Eng 9:12 [1]). Adsorption of polysaccharides at the hematite surface is explained by the acid/base interaction model in which hydroxyl groups at the hematite surface interact with polysaccharide molecules. Of course adsorption of modified or unmodified starch makes the surface of iron oxide minerals, such as hematite, hydrophilic. In Brazil more than 250 M tons of iron ore concentrate production per annum is achieved using polysaccharides in the reverse flotation process to remove silica gangue. For example, in 1996 40,000 metric tons of corn starch were consumed in Brazil, out of which 80 % was used for iron ore concentration. Reverse flotation technology has not been commercialized for the concentration of iron ores from India and Australia which contain aluminum gangue minerals such as kaolinite. In this regard, improved flotation chemistries need to be developed for such ores.
FURTHER PSYCHOMETRIC CORRELATES OF THE IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT SCALE

Previous studies of the Identity Achievement Scale (6, 7) have shown a significant relationship of scores and interview-based measures of identity crisis and commitment, modest correlations wirh measures of self-actualization and need endurance, as well as an associarion with self-ratings of productive and self-disciplined personal functioning. Because identity status, as conceived by Erikson (3), is also theoretically associated with social integration, a preparation for the development of intimacy, and the presence of flexible, adaptive approaches to functioning it was predicted that scores on the scale would be significantly related to six psychometric measures of these dimensions. Scale scores should correlate significantly and negatively wirh the Anomie scale (8), negatively with the Mach 1V scale measuring exploitative tendencies (I), negatively with the Yeasaying response set scale (2) and Eysenck's Neuroticism Scale, positively wirh the Self-disclosure scale (4) and internality on [he Locus of Control scale (5). Scales were administered to 98 males and 100 females In general psychology at Oregon State University.
Effect of “Ba Shan Ye Yu” to Beibei via “Feng Qiao Ye Bo”

Comparing with Ye yu Ji Bei of a famous Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin and Feng Qiao Ye Bo of Zhang Ji at the same dynasty,there exist some certain similarities in the writing background,emotional expression,writing technique and so on,which express the lonely feelings of sorrow when a poet is away from home. Since Zhang Ji's Ye yu Ji Bei is well known by people,the Hanshan Temple has been famous all over the world and has become eternal famous tourist resort. Then Beibei,Chongqing,the location where the Ye yu Ji Bei referred to can also learn from it,which can bring the celebrity effect to Beibei. Thus,the tourism will be greatly developed and the cultural image of Beibei will be promoted.
Case XII: Tumor 3

A 32-year-old male complains of a painful mass in the right anterior chest wall. He has noticed the mass for years, but it has become more painful. He has a history of multiple neurofibromas resected in the past. His father also had multiple tumors resected, but the pathology is unknown. He has smoked half a pack of cigarettes a day for the past 10 years. The mass is shown in Fig. 12.1 and is tender to the touch. He has a left Horner’s syndrome from previous resection of a neck mass. Neurological examination is otherwise normal. MRI of the neck is shown in Fig. 12.2.
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love In Situ Analytics: Leveraging Latent Synchronization in MPI Collective Algorithms

Scientific workloads running on current extreme-scale systems routinely generate tremendous volumes of data for postprocessing. This data movement has become a serious issue due to its energy cost and the fact that I/O bandwidths have not kept pace with data generation rates. In situ analytics is an increasingly popular alternative in which post-simulation processing is embedded into an application, running as part of the same MPI job. This can reduce data movement costs but introduces a new potential source of interference for the application. Using a validated simulation-based approach, we investigate how best to mitigate the interference from time-shared in situ tasks for a number of key extreme-scale workloads. This paper makes a number of contributions. First, we show that the independent scheduling of in situ analytics tasks can significantly degradation application performance, with slowdowns exceeding 1000%. Second, we demonstrate that the degree of synchronization found in many modern collective algorithms is sufficient to significantly reduce the overheads of this interference to less than 10% in most cases. Finally, we show that many applications already frequently invoke collective operations that use these synchronizing MPI algorithms. Therefore, the syncronization introduced by these MPI collective algorithms can be leveraged to efficiently schedule analytics tasks with minimal changes to existing applications. This paper provides critical analysis and guidance for MPI users and developers on the importance of scheduling in situ analytics tasks. It shows the degree of synchronization needed to mitigate the performance impacts of these time-shared coupled codes and demonstrates how that synchronization can be realized in an extreme-scale environment using modern collective algorithms.
Low-power design techniques with process tagging and dynamic power management

This paper proposes a power optimization strategy that takes into consideration the effects of operating frequency, process, voltage, and temperature variation (FPVTV) in both analog and digital circuits. Traditional designs set the biasing points to guarantee performance over all working conditions, resulting in wasted power in most instances. By collecting information about FPVTV, the designer can make intelligent decisions to reduce power consumption and extend battery life in mobile products. The proposed optimization strategy was implemented in silicon and successfully proven on an RF/mixed-signal chip with DSP, resulting in a power savings of 11.2% in typical conditions. The usage of such a strategy is discussed, as well as the production flow for gathering process corner information in high volume situations.
Theory of Quantum Transport in Graphene Devices With Radiation Induced Coulomb Scatterers

We demonstrate a quantum transport model for total ionizing dose (TID) effects in graphene devices fabricated on silicon dioxide (SiO2). The scattering matrix method was used to compare transfer characteristics with experimental measurements. To match the pristine transfer curve, the contact on-site energy levels were pinned to +75 meV relative to the channel. TID effects were modeled by introducing positively charged traps throughout the gate oxide. Spatially resolved local density of states and particle current density reveal the effect of the Coulomb potential due to the positively charged traps.
A phase I pharmacokinetics trial comparing PF-05280014 (a potential biosimilar) and trastuzumab in healthy volunteers (REFLECTIONS B327-01).

171 Background: PF-05280014, a proposed biosimilar to trastuzumab, has an identical amino acid sequence and similar physicochemical and in vitro functional properties to trastuzumab. This study was designed to demonstrate PK similarity of PF-05280014 to trastuzumab from the US (trastuzumab-US) and EU (trastuzumab-EU), and between the licensed drugs. Safety and immunogenicity were also evaluated. Methods: In this double-blind trial (NCT01603264), 105 healthy male volunteers, 18-55 years old were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a single 6 mg/kg IV dose of PF-05280014, trastuzumab-US or trastuzumab-EU. All subjects provided informed consent. PK, safety and immunogenicity assessments were conducted for 70 days. PK similarity for a given test-to-reference comparison was considered to be demonstrated if the 90% CI of the test-to-reference ratio of the AUC from time 0 to the last time point (AUCT) and maximum concentration (Cmax) were within 80% – 125%. Results: The baseline demographics for the 101 subjects evaluab...
Five-year impact of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with a prior history of stroke.

Background Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation(AF) is an established therapeutic rhythm approach. Patients with a prior history of a stroke(CVA) represent a unique high-risk population for recurrent thromboembolic events. The role of antiarrhythmic treatment on the natural history of stroke recurrence in these patients is not fully understood. Methods Three patient groups with a prior CVA and 5 years of follow-up were matched 1:3:3 by propensity score(±0.01): AF ablation patients receiving their first ablation(n = 139), AF patients that did not receive an ablation(n = 416), and CVA patients without clinical AF(n = 416). Prior CVA was determined by medical chart review. Patients were followed for outcomes of recurrent CVA, heart failure, death. Results The average age of the population was 69±11 years and 51% male. AF ablation patients had higher rates of hypertension and heart failure (p < 0.0001), but diabetes prevalence was similar between the groups(p = 0.5). 5-year risk of CVA(HR = 2.26, p < 0.0001) and death(HR = 2.43, p < 0.0001) were higher in the AF, no ablation group compared those that were ablated. When comparing AF, ablation to no AF patients, there was not a significant difference in 5-year risk of for CVA(HR = 0.82, p = 0.39) and death (HR = 0.92, p = 0.70), however heart failure risk was increased(HR = 3.08, p = 0.001). Conclusion In patients with AF and a prior CVA, patients undergoing ablation have lower rates of recurrent stroke compared to AF patients not ablated. Although the full mechanisms of benefit are unknown, as CVA rates are similar to patients without AF these data are suggestive of a potential altering of the natural history of disease progression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Questions and Discussions

(1924). Questions and Discussions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 383-394.