cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual Differences in Attachment-Autonomy Configurations: Linkages with Substance Use and Youth Competencies.

Variations in attachment-autonomy configurations are explored as these relate to substance use and several adolescent competencies. Questionnaires completed by 470 university students included measures of parental attachment, autonomy (both emotional autonomy and self-reliance), substance use, problems associated with substance use, social competencies, and coping. Analyses of subgroups representing four attachment-autonomy patterns, derived from cluster analysis, showed higher competency levels and fewer problems related to substance use for the group combining strong attachment and self-reliance coupled with low levels of emotional autonomy. A subgroup characterized by low father but moderate mother attachment security differed in a number of ways from a subgroup reporting low attachment to both parents. Findings support the utility of a typological approach in investigations of adolescent attachment and autonomy.
Photolysis of dinitrobenzyl alcohols, dinitrobenzaldehydes, and nitrobenzoic acids in seawater, estuary water, and pure water

Abstract Photolytic transformation of the propellants 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) produces 2,4-dinitrobenzyl alcohol (2,4-DNBOH), 2,6-dinitrobenzyl alcohol (2,6-DNBOH), 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde (2,4-DNBCHO), 2,6-dinitrobenzaldehyde (2,6-DNCHO), 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid (2,4-DNBCOOH) and 2-amino 4-nitrobenzoic acid (2A4NBA). In this work, the photolysis rates of the products of the parent dinitrotoluenes in both natural and laboratory-prepared waters were measured. The photochemical degradation was studied using a Suntest CPS+® solar simulator equipped with various filters designed to select specific regions of the solar spectrum. HPLC analysis was used to determine the degradation rates of the compounds. Photolysis rates of the alcohols and aldehydes were influenced by the wavelength of the light irradiating the compound; 295, 305, and 320 nm long-pass filter exposures produced similar rates of degradation while the 395 nm filter exposure produced minimal degradation. Under the 295-nm filter, the first-order degradation rate constants were highest for 2,6-DNBOH (4 h− 1), followed by 2,4-DNBCHO and 2,6-DNBCHO (3 h− 1), with the smallest for 2,4-DNBOH (2 h− 1). The aqueous phase composition (filtered seawater, estuary water, ultrapure water) had minimal impact on the photolysis rates. All four compounds were degraded faster than the parent 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT. In contrast, the 2,4-DNBCOOH and 2A4NBA were not photolyzed under any of the conditions studied.
Vegetation ecotone dynamics in Southwest Alaska during the Late Quaternary

To examine Late Quaternary vegetation change across the modern vegetation gradient from continuous boreal forest (central Alaska) to Betula shrub tundra (Bristol Bay region), pollen records from Idavain and Snipe Lakes are described and compared to those of four other sites in southwest Alaska. Major features of the vegetation history at Idavain Lake include herb-dominated tundra (ca. 14}12 ka BP), mixed herb/Betula shrub tundra (ca. 12}8 ka BP), and Alnus/Betula shrub tundra (8 ka BP to present). The Snipe Lake record reveals a brief period of herb tundra (’12 ka BP), Betula shrub tundra (ca. 12}8.5 ka BP), and Picea forest mixed with Alnus/Betula shrub tundra (ca. 8 ka BP to present). Comparisons with other pollen records indicate that southwest Alaska has been the location of major vegetation ecotones throughout the last 12 ka years. Northern areas have consistently been dominated by larger growth forms (shrubs or trees) than have southern areas. During the Betula period (12}8 ka BP), a dense Betula shrubland occupied central Alaska, changing to a mixed low-Betula shrub and herb tundra in the south. In the Alnus/Picea period (8 ka BP to present), Picea and Betula trees were more common to the north; Alnus and Betula shrubs more abundant to the south. Vegetation dynamics have been complex at individual sites and across the region. Each site shows both long- and short-term shifts in major taxa, but the magnitude of these changes varies across the transect. In addition, some pollen changes appear to be synchronous among sites (within the constraints of existing chronologies), whereas others are strikingly time transgressive across the region. Similar vegetation dynamics at all sites are: (1) long-term decreases in herb taxa during the Betula period, (2) short-term oscillations between Betula shrubs and herbs during the Betula period, and (3) major increase in Alnus shrubs ca. 8 ka BP. Signi"cant di!erences among sites include: (1) major expansion of Populus trees in northern but not southern areas during the Betula period, (2) progressively later expansion of P. glauca at northern sites than at southern sites (ca. 9.5}4.5 ka BP), and (3) #uctuation of P. glauca populations in extreme northern areas during the early Alnus/Picea period. ( 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Density Threshold for Magnetohydrodynamic Activity in Alcator C

Experimental measurements of magnetic fluctuations arising from resistive magnetohydrodynamic tearing modes reveal unexpected behavior in Alcator $C$. After the plasma current has risen to its steady-state level, no significant magnetohydrodynamic activity is observed unless the electron density is above a threshold value, ${\overline{n}}_{c}$. For a given toroidal field, ${\overline{n}}_{c}$ is remarkably repeatable. We find ${\overline{n}}_{c}$ to be proportional to ${B}^{2}$ and independent of ${I}_{p}$.
Abstract 3174: Visualization of the activation/deactivation cycle of RhoC in inflammatory breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC A key event in the development of Inflammatory Breast Cancer, a particularly aggressive, metastatic form of breast cancer, is the over-expression of the GTPase protein RhoC. RhoC plays a role in regulating cell shape, attachment and motility and over-expression is likely associated with tumor proliferation. RhoC is activated into a GTP-bound state by the regulatory proteins GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factor proteins) and is deactivated to a GDP-bound state by GAPs (GTPase activating proteins). Stimulation of IBC cells with LPA (lysophophatidic acid), an activator of the cycle, showed a transient RhoC-GTP increase, peaking at 2 minutes and then diminishing until 20 minutes. It has been suggested that LPA can activate both GEF and GAP proteins, and that a delay in the GAP protein activation could explain this RhoC-GTP behavior. Because RhoC activity occurs at the plasma membrane, the translocation of GEF and GAP proteins was studied as an indication of RhoC interaction. Immunofluorescent stains for the three key proteins\_RhoC, GAP, and GEF\_were performed on an IBC cell line before and after stimulation with LPA and observed using confocal microscopy. Preliminary images revealed a co-localization of three proteins RhoC, p190B (a GAP protein), and PDZ (a GEF protein) in the cytosol, forming a gradient of high to low protein concentration from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane. Further analysis with ImageJ software showed slight differences in protein concentration at the two membranes upon stimulation with LPA. RhoC protein levels increased at both membranes, PDZ quantities increased slightly at the plasma membrane, and the p190B levels decreased at both membranes as a result of stimulation. This data suggests that after 5 minutes, LPA has a positive regulatory effect on the GEF protein and a negative one on the GAP protein at the plasma membrane. In addition, co-localization of the proteins RhoC and p190B was analyzed at different time points. The data indicates a decrease in co-localization after LPA stimulation that is slightly recovered 20 minutes after treatment. A possible explanation for these results is that 5 minutes after stimulation, RhoC undergoes translocation to the nuclear and plasma membranes, and is not followed by the GAP protein until later times. As of now, these conclusions are preliminary. These results will be verified using a new RhoC antibody, and additional co-localization analysis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3174.
Fashion for the blind: a study of perspectives

Clothing is a universal aspect of life and a significant form of communication for both the wearer and observer. However, clothing is almost exclusively perceived visually begging the question: "How is beauty in fashion interpreted by those with vision impairments?" We conducted face-to-face interviews and a diary study with eight legally blind participants to gain the perspectives of those with vision impairments on what makes clothing attractive and appealing. Our primary focus was gathering their point-of-view on beauty in clothing but all of the participants also discussed accessibility challenges of clothing and fashion. We report our findings on the major aspects of clothing's appeal to blind wearers as well as the challenges with lack of access and assistive technology. These findings have far-reaching implications for future research within fashion design, interaction design and assistive technology.
Natural tissue as a biomaterial.

Natural tissue has been employed with varying degrees of success in prosthetic devices. A general absence of blood clotting has been experienced. Long-term durability of the materials is related to the preservation methods used and the suitability of the material to the environmental or mechanical conditions imposed on the tissue. In cases where material deterioration was found, it has generally been a gradual occurrence. The most common applications are cardiac valves and vascular prostheses. Natural tissue components are also being employed in artificial organs presently being developed.
Managing Suicide Risk in Primary Care: Practice Recommendations for Behavioral Health Consultants

Psychologists working in primary care clinics can have a significant positive impact on preventing suicide. For psychologists working within the behavioral health consultant (BHC) model in primary care, however, the issue of how to appropriately manage suicide risk within this model has yet to be adequately addressed. Given the time-limited and focused nature of the BHC model, it is important to establish a framework for psychologists to provide adequate care that is practical within this model of health care. This article offers 26 empirically supported recommendations for suicide screening, accurate and time-efficient risk assessment, and effective risk management strategies, as well as suggestions for consultation with primary care physicians, all of which are consistent with the BHC model.
Increasing the Use of Intensified Management of Diabetes: An Education Program for Physicians.

Traditionally, continuing medical education (CME) programs do not address the changes in the organization of a practice necessary to implement new care strategies. We developed a continuing medical education program that included a structured method, termed environmental optimizing, to help primary care physicians implement intensified management strategies for insulin-requiring patients with diabetes mellitus. To evaluate this approach, 88 physicians and 126 of their non-obese, insulin-requiring patients were surveyed and interviewed pre-program and at six and twelve months post-program. The results suggest that this approach to CME resulted in a significant number of physicians adopting the program recommendations. Specifically, there was a significant increase in the use of: 1) multiple daily insulin regimens (p=.01), 2) a program-specific “tracer” insulin regimen (p=.001), 3) the use of HbAl assays to adjust insulin (p<.05), diet and exercise regimens (p<.05), and 4) patients' self monitoring behavior (p<.01). The results of this study suggest that incorporating environmental optimizing into CME curricula may enhance the adoption of program recommendations.
Fluorine-chlorine interaction in fluor-chlorapatite

When fluorine is partially substituted for chlorine in chlorapatite, steric interactions between the F and CI ions produce effects not directly predictable from the properties of the end members, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, alone. The proximity of the remaining chlorine ions causes some of the substituting fluorine ions to be located ∼0.6 A from their normal sites (0, 0, ¼ and 0, 0, ¾) on the halogen ion column. Some of the chlorine ions are similarly shifted >0.2 A farther away from 0, 0, ½. The details of the displacements have been determined from least-squares analyses of X-ray data from synthetic single crystals. Two flour-chlorapatite compositions were used, ≈14 % and ≈34 Y. substitution of F− for Cl− with excess halogen becoming incorporated to raise the F/(F + Cl) ratios to 0.17 and 0.41, respectively. The substitution models developed are capable of explaining (i) the nonlinear effects of the fluorine-chlorine substitution, and (ii) the initial stabilization and later inhibition of the monoclinic phase, with respect to the hexagonal phase, with increasing substitution of fluorine into the chlorapatite structure, and (iii) in part, the occurrence of halogens in excess of the stoichiometric 2 per unit cell.
Training Deformable Models for Localization

We present a new method for training deformable models. Assume that we have training images where part locations have been labeled. Typically, one fits a model by maximizing the likelihood of the part labels. Alternatively, one could fit a model such that, when the model is run on the training images, it finds the parts. We do this by maximizing the conditional likelihood of the training data. We formulate model-learning as parameter estimation in a conditional random field (CRF). Initializing parameters with their maximum likelihood estimates, we reach the global optimum by gradient ascent. We present a learning algorithm that searches exhaustively over all part locations in an image without relying on feature detectors. This provides millions of examples of training data, and seems to avoid over-fitting issues known with CRFs. Results for part localization are relatively scarce in the community. We present results on three established datasets; Caltech motorbikes [8], USC people [19], and Weizmann horses [3]. In the Caltech set we significantly outperform the state-of-the-art [6]. For the challenging people dataset, we present results that are comparable to [19], but are obtained using a significantly more generic model (devoid of a face or skin detector). Our model is general enough to find other articulated objects; we use it to recover poses of horses in the challenging Weizmann database.
Studies on a patient with hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis

Abstract In a patient with typical hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis, the following observations were made. Nerve conduction during paralysis was normal. During the onset of paralysis, evoked electrical activity and mechanical activity of the muscle decreased with no significant difference between the time course of the decline of the two types of activity. Direct stimulation of the muscle chemically, mechanically and electrically during the paralytic episode was ineffective in inducing muscular contraction. During the onset of paralysis the serum potassium level fell dramatically but there was no instantaneous correlation between the serum potassium level and the state of paralysis; the serum potassium returned to its normal level while the patient was still paralyzed. Potassium concentration in the unparalyzed muscle expressed either as milliequivalents per kilogram tissue wet weight or milliequivalents per liter of noninulin water was lower than normal, and sodium and chloride concentrations were higher than normal. Small shifts in the muscle electrolytes occurred during paralysis, the muscle potassium increasing along with sodium and chloride. Measurements of total body inulin space in the two paralytic episodes gave different results: In the first paralytic episode the extracellular fluid volume decreased and in the second it remained unchanged. In addition, during the second paralytic episode there was no change in the muscle inulin space or water content of the muscle. Thus paralysis does not necessarily involve shift of water from the extracellular to the intracellular fluid compartment. Electron microscopic and light microscopic observations on the muscle in both control periods and during paralysis show that the vacuoles contained in the muscle are a permanent lesion and do not appear to be more significant in number or extent during paralysis. The vacuoles could not be demonstrated conclusively to be enlargements of the normal sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle. There is no sign of obvious degeneration in the muscle. Paralysis is associated with an abnormal uptake of potassium by muscle with a concomitant fall in serum potassium levels. A hypothesis is presented to account for paralysis in terms of an abnormal response to shifts in serum potassium. Decreased serum potassium, through the process of anomalous rectification, causes membrane depolarization and excitability block. The hypothesis accounts for paralysis on the basis of either an increased amount of anomalous rectification or a sodium conductance inactivation at an abnormally low depolarization.
A commentary on cervical spondylolysis in the contact athlete.

Cervical spondylolysis, unlike lumbar spondylolysis, is an exceedingly rare clinical entity. Perlman and Hawes [1] first described cervical spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in 1951. To date, approximately 150 cases have been documented in the English language literature. Of these, approximately one-fourth have been described in the pediatric population. Cervical spondylolysis is characterized as a corticated cleft between the superior and inferior articular facets of the articular pillar. With the exception of C1, cervical spondylolysis has been reported at all cervical levels, with most cases occurring at C6. In fact, in 70 case reports by Hirota et al. [2], C6 was the most common site of involvement, present in 47 cases, whereas C2 and C5 were involved in only 9 cases each. Of the 47 patients with spondylosis at C6, 38 patients had bilateral involvement with associated spondylolisthesis. The age range at presentation is wide, with cases reported in those as young as 20 months and as old as 80 years. Twice as many cases have been found in males as in females [3,4]. Symptoms vary at presentation with most people noting minor axial neck pain and stiffness, often after a minor trauma. The etiology of cervical spondylolysis has not been established, with theories including congenital, developmental, microtrauma, and posttraumatic nonunion with pseudarthrosis [5]. Cervical spondylolysis is often seen in the context of other congenital abnormalities, such as spina
Copolyesters Containing Polyisobutylene Soft Segments and Polybutylene Terephthalate as the Crystalline Segments

Abstract The preparation and characterization of multiblock copolymers consisting of polyiso-butylene (PIB) soft segments connected to dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) plus 1,4-butane diol (BD) hard segments (PIB-b-PBT)n are described. Syntheses involved solution poly-condensation of DMT + BD + hydroxyl ditelechelic PIB (HO-PIB-OH). The overall block composition, and the lengths of the soft segments were varied in the Mn,PIB=1,400–10,000 g/mol range. The presence of PIB in the multiblocks was demonstrated. The solubility in THF and other solvents, and extractability of the polymers with n-hexane were studied. Efforts to determine solution viscosity remained unsuccessful due to the insolubility of the polar and nonpolar segments in a common solvent. Mechanical testing gave unacceptable results, however, the multiblocks showed good thermal stability (up to 367°C in air) and melt processibility appears to be feasible.
Designing Linear Threshold Based Neural Network Pattern Classifiers

The three problems that concern us are identifying a natural domain of pattern classification applications of feed forward neural networks, selecting an appropriate feedforward network architecture, and assessing the tradeoff between network complexity, training set size, and statistical reliability as measured by the probability of incorrect classification. We close with some suggestions, for improving the bounds that come from Vapnik-Chervonenkis theory, that can narrow, but not close, the chasm between theory and practice.
Discourse Markers in Spontaneous Speech: Oh What a Difference an Oh Makes

Abstract Discourse markers are usually studied from the vantage point of corpora analyses. By looking at where they fall in spontaneous talk, hypotheses can be made about their possible functions. However, direct tests of listeners' uses of these expressions are rare. In five experiments, we looked at the on-line spontaneous speech comprehension effects of one discourse marker, oh. We found that recognition of words was faster after oh than when the oh was either excised and replaced by a pause or excised entirely. We also found that semantic verification of words heard earlier in the discourse was faster after oh than when the oh was either excised and replaced by a pause or excised entirely, but only when the test point was downstream from the oh. Results demonstrate that oh is not only a potential signal to addressees, as has been suggested by corpora analyses, but that it is in fact used by addressees to help them integrate information in spontaneous talk.
Interaction of Thermal and Forced Convection with the Growth of Dendritic Crystals

New experiments with ultrapure succinonitrile, SCN, show that the selection parameter, σ*, increases by about 50% above 0.0195 as the forced flow velocity increases from zero to 1 cm/sec. Existing theory does not predict well the forced convection experimental results for σ*. The tips of the basal plane of ice crystals split in quiescent melts, at undercoolings less than 0.35°K. Then the tip regenerates itself, and the growth velocity remains invariant during this entire event. The causes of tip splitting are believed to be thermal convection and the lack of anisotropy in the basal plane.
Balancing rewrapping error and smoothness in two dimensional phase unwrapping problems

Describes two classes of two-dimensional phase unwrapping algorithms. It is shown that combining advantages from each of these classes is useful in improving phase-unwrapping solutions.
A 24-GHz Modular Transmit Phased Array

This paper presents a 24-GHz modular transmit phased array based on the extended-resonance technique. The extended-resonance technique, capable of obviating the need for separate power divider and phase shifters, is utilized along with heterodyne mixing in the proposed phased array. Heterodyne mixing allows phase shifting to be performed at lower frequencies. A modular approach is exploited to realize a scalable phased-array design. The design complexity associated with large phased arrays can be significantly reduced by using this approach. Moreover, a modified extended-resonance circuit topology to enhance the scan range is proposed. As a proof-of-principle, the 24-GHz transmit phased array is fabricated and the measurement results are presented.
On the stability theory of solitary waves

Improvements are made on the theory for the stability of solitary waves developed by T. B. Benjamin. The results apply equally to the Kortewegde Vries equation and to an alternative model equation for the propagation of long waves in nonlinear dispersive media.
Oxytocin and milk removal are required for post‐partum mammary‐gland development

The oxytocin (OT)-neurophysin preprohormone is synthesized in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. OT is cleaved from its precursor, transported from the magnocellular neurons to the posterior pituitary and secreted during labour and upon the suckling stimulus of pups. OT induces the contraction of myoepithelial cells surrounding the mammary alveoli, which leads to the ejection of milk. Mice deficient in OT are unable to nurse their young. Administration of OT enabled OT-deficient dams to nurse. We now show that OT and milk removal are also required for post-partum alveolar proliferation and mammary-gland function. Alveolar density and mammary epithelial-cell differentiation at parturition was similar in wild-type and OT-deficient dams. However, within 12 h after parturition approx. 2% of the alveolar cells in wild-type dams incorporated DNA and proliferated, but virtually no proliferation was detected in OT-deficient dams. Continuous suckling of pups led to the expansion of lobulo-alveolar units in wild-type but not in OT-deficient dams. Despite suckling and the presence of systemic lactogenic hormones, mammary tissue in OT-deficient dams partially involuted. Our studies demonstrate that post-partum alveolar proliferation requires not only systemic lactogenic hormones, such as prolactin, but also the presence of OT in conjunction with continued milk removal.
Prospects for nanoparticle-based permanent magnets

Magnetic nanoparticles smaller than similar to 15 nm in diameter and with high magnetocrystalline anisotropies K-1 >= 1 MJ m(-3) can be used as building blocks for next-generation permanent magnets. Advances in processing steps are discussed, such as self-assembly, alignment of the easy axes and appropriate nanostructuring that will enable the fabrication of densely packed nanopartide assemblies with improved permanent-magnet properties. This study also proposes an idealized nanocomposite structure for nanoparticle-based future permanent magnets with enhanced energy products. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Carver's art of the Indians of North West California

The Carver's art of the Indians of North West California. Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. (August 23,1995. February 4,1996). Accompanying publication: Carving Traditions of Northwest California, by Ira Jacknis. Published with. facsimile reprint of The Carver's Art of the Indians of Northwest California, by Isabel T. Kelly. Classics in California Anthropology No. 2. Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley,. + 108 pp. $17.00.
Within and Between Species Variation in Male Mating Behaviors in the Mexican Sailfin Mollies Poecilia velifera and P. petenensis

Polymorphism in male morphology is often correlated with the expression of alternate behavioral tactics. This relationship between behavioral and morphological polymorphisms, however, is less well understood. We characterized male mating behaviors and morphological variation within and between Poecilia velifera and P. petenensis to understand mating signal evolution in the sailfin molly lineage. In addition, we examined whether differences between these species in the size range of mature males and the strength of allometry between dorsal fin size and body length could explain the variation observed in their expression of different mating behaviors. We determined each male’s mating behavior profile by observing the behavior of a single male in the presence of a receptive female. We found that P. velifera showed evidence of an alternate male mating strategy, with small males generally performing only gonopodial thrusts (forced insemination attempts) towards receptive females, while large males performed courtship displays as well as gonopodial thrusts. Males of P. petenensis performed similar rates of courtship displays and gonopodial thrusts regardless of body length. Little variation existed among populations of P. velifera in mating behaviors, while males from different populations of P. petenensis showed population-specific average rates of each mating behavior. Population differences in P. petenensis may be driven, in part, by its occurrence in more variable habitats than those occupied by P. velifera. Variation among individuals in the mating repertoire of P. velifera, but not P. petenensis, suggests that the greater range of variation in male size at maturity, as well as considerably stronger allometry between dorsal fin size and body length, may explain why males of P. velifera show the greatest degree of expression of alternate male mating behaviors when compared to other sailfin species. These results also suggest an important role of morphological polymorphisms in predicting the expression of alternate male mating behaviors.
Intrinsic specificity of Ca2+–protein binding sites

The gas-phase chemistry of anionic [M + Cat 2+ − 3H] − complexes between Ca 2+ -specific peptides and the alkaline earth metal ions Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ is reported. The metal ion complexes were studied using fast atom bombardment, collision-induced decomposition (CID) and molecular mechanical calculations. The CID reactions and molecular mechanical calculations revealed that the Ca 2+ -peptide complexes are bound differently to the Mg 2+ - and Ba 2+ -peptide complexes and that the intrinsic (gas-phase) chemistry is reflected by known aqueous-phase chemistry
Undergraduate Software Engineering Students in Startup Businesses

Fresh ideas from startups are a driver of the electronic business world. Software engineering students who will be a part of this E-world therefore should benefit from a working knowledge of new businesses. Their school can organize opportunities to help ensure that familiarity. This paper describes results after four years of organizing such endeavors. We believe that those results for students are mixed, and that this can be explained by the reluctance of new entrepreneurs to adopt consistent software development processes. Schools seeking to make their software engineering programs match industry profiles will find these results of interest.
Deproteinated pancreatic extract (depropanex)

Abstract (1) We have described an apparatus to measure claudication time. (2) Following one injection of deproteinated pancreatic extract, twenty-three of a series of twenty-seven patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans showed an improvement (prolongation) of their claudication time. This initial response was in most instances temporary. (3) Following ten or more injections of deproteinated pancreatic extract, nineteen patients showed improvement in their claudication time. (4) After a series of ten or more treatments, the claudication time was, in this series, prolonged to an average of more than three times that of the control tests. (5) Physiologic saline failed to produce an increase in claudication time under identical conditions (6) Further studies will be necessary to determine the extent to which improvement may be advanced, and the duration of the favorable effects after cessation of the treatment.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SCREENING, POLICIES AND PROCEDURES IN INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE FACILITIES

Background: Research shows that domestic violence against women in the United States is common, and the prevalence of domestic violence is high among Native American women. Victims of domestic violence can benefit from appropriate office intervention and referral. This study examined the effect of administrative and legal requirements on screening for domestic violence in Indian Health Service (IHS) hospitals and clinics. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed using the total design method to all IHS hospitals and clinics regarding activities related to domestic violence: screening; policies and procedures; presence of committees; staff training; and state and tribal mandatory reporting requirements. Results: The response rate was 65%. Eighty-eight (62%) of 142 facilities screen for domestic violence. A facility was more likely to screen if it had policies and procedures for domestic violence. Ninety-one (64%) of sites had policies and procedures for domestic violence. Less than one half these sites evaluated the use of these policies and procedures. Hospitals were more likely to have policies and procedures than clinics, as were sites administered by the IHS, rather than those administered by tribal contract. Fifty-eight (40.8%) facilities indicated 18 states have mandatory domestic violence reporting requirements. Thirty-three (23.2%) facilities indicated 31 different tribes mandate reporting of domestic violence. Forty-two (29.6%) facilities reported mandatory staff training in at least one topic related to domestic violence in the past year. Conclusions: Domestic violence policies and procedures promote screening for this important health care problem. (J Am Board Fam Pract 2001;14:252‐ 8.)
Circadian Expression of Transcription Factor Fra-2 in the Rat Pineal Gland (*)

Physiological changes in Fos-like immunoreactivity in the rat pineal gland are shown here to be due primarily to changes in a 42/46-kDa Fos-related antigen (Fra). Studies are presented that indicate this 42/46-kDa Fra is Fra-2, a poorly understood member of the Fos family of transcription factors. Both Fra-2 mRNA and protein are absent during the day and increase robustly at night on a circadian basis; organ culture studies indicate that regulation is mediated by an adrenergic → cyclic AMP mechanism. AP-1 binding activity changes in parallel to changes in the level of Fra-2 protein.
Food entries in a large allergy data repository.

Objective Accurate food adverse sensitivity documentation in electronic health records (EHRs) is crucial to patient safety. This study examined, encoded, and grouped foods that caused any adverse sensitivity in a large allergy repository using natural language processing and standard terminologies. Methods Using the Medical Text Extraction, Reasoning, and Mapping System (MTERMS), we processed both structured and free-text entries stored in an enterprise-wide allergy repository (Partners’ Enterprise-wide Allergy Repository), normalized diverse food allergen terms into concepts, and encoded these concepts using the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) and Unique Ingredient Identifiers (UNII) terminologies. Concept coverage also was assessed for these two terminologies. We further categorized allergen concepts into groups and calculated the frequencies of these concepts by group. Finally, we conducted an external validation of MTERMS’s performance when identifying food allergen terms, using a randomized sample from a different institution. Results We identified 158 552 food allergen records (2140 unique terms) in the Partners repository, corresponding to 672 food allergen concepts. High-frequency groups included shellfish (19.3%), fruits or vegetables (18.4%), dairy (9.0%), peanuts (8.5%), tree nuts (8.5%), eggs (6.0%), grains (5.1%), and additives (4.7%). Ambiguous, generic concepts such as “nuts” and “seafood” accounted for 8.8% of the records. SNOMED-CT covered more concepts than UNII in terms of exact (81.7% vs 68.0%) and partial (14.3% vs 9.7%) matches. Discussion Adverse sensitivities to food are diverse, and existing standard terminologies have gaps in their coverage of the breadth of allergy concepts. Conclusion New strategies are needed to represent and standardize food adverse sensitivity concepts, to improve documentation in EHRs.
Diagrams as Tools in the Design of Information Systems

Design typically relies on diagrams to offload memory and information processing and to promote discovery and inferences. Design of information systems, in con-trast to design of buildings and products, depends on topological connectivity rather than Euclidean distance. Understanding graph topology and manipulating graphs are essential skills in the design of information systems, because graph manipulation facilitates the refinement of designs and the generation of alternative designs. Here, we found that students of systems design have difficulties interpret-ing diagrams, revealing two biases, a sequential bias and a reading order bias. The results have implications for teaching as well as diagram design.
A Preliminary Refinement of Yeast tRNAPhe at 3Å Resolution

The crystal structure of yeast tRNAPhe (in the orthorhombic form) is being refined at 3 A resolution in order to obtain a set of atomic coordinates that: (1) fit the X-ray diffraction data and (2) are consistent with the geometry of standard nucleotides and do not violate non-bonded interactions.
Dose of Phenobarbital and Age of Treatment at Early Life are Two Key Factors for the Persistent Induction of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Adult Mouse Liver.

Drug treatment of neonates and infants and its long-term consequences on drug responses have emerged in recent years as a major challenge for health care professionals. In the current study, we use phenobarbital as a model drug and mouse as an in vivo model to demonstrate that the dose of phenobarbital and age of treatment are two key factors for the persistent induction of gene expression and consequential increases of enzyme activities of Cyp2b, Cyp2c, and Cyp3a in adult livers. We show that phenobarbital treatment at early life of day 5 after birth with a low dose ( 200 mg/kg) significantly increases expression and enzyme activities of these P450s in adult liver. We also demonstrate that phenobarbital treatment before day 10 after birth, but not at later ages, significantly increases mRNAs, proteins, and enzyme activities of the tested P450s. Such persistent induction of P450 gene expression and enzyme activities in adult livers by phenobarbital treatment only occurs within a sensitive age window early in life. The persistent induction in gene expression and enzyme activities is higher in female mice than in male mice for Cyp2b10 but not for Cyp2c29 and Cyp3a11. These results will stimulate studies to evaluate the long-term impacts of drug treatment with different doses at neonatal and infant ages on drug metabolism, therapeutic efficacy, and drug-induced toxicity throughout the rest of life.
English expression of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program

The Shelter Forest System Program in Three-North Region of China(the Three-North Shelter Forest Program) is the largest ecological reforestation/afforestation program in the world,and has made great achievements since it was initiated in 1978.With the development of the Program,its influence became larger and larger,but its English expression has not been unified and standardized,making the international exchange about the Program a good many inconvenience.Based on a wide range of literature collection on the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, an English expression of the Program was suggested to discuss with the coteries,aimed to give help to the unification and standardization of the English expression for the Program.
Field management and critical care in mass disasters.

Even in highly developed countries, definitive care hospitals may be compromised when the underlying disaster affects either the receiving facilities or the personnel who staff those facilities. Whether patients are brought to local facilities, distant facilities, or even to field critical care units, there will always be a certain element of obligatory prehospital care. Meticulous skeletal immobilization, splinting, and aggressive airway management are the basic tenets of prehospital injury management; however, management strategies should take into consideration both anatomic site and mechanism of injury. In serious head injury, provision of adequate lung inflation (preferably by endotracheal tube) to guarantee adequate oxygenation supersedes most other considerations, including attempts at therapeutic hyperventilation. Whatever considerations or therapeutic interventions are used, they must be under strict, knowledgeable, and experienced medical supervision.
An integrated teacher education program for special education--a new approach.

Preparation of the clinician educator, capable of providing diagnosis and remediation of the variety of learning difficulties presented by exceptional children, is proposed in an integrated teacher...
Emergent Endovascular Stent Grafts for Ruptured Aortic Aneurysms

Ruptured aortic aneurysms uniformly require emergent attention. Historically, urgent surgical repair or medical management was the only treatment options. The development of covered stent grafts has introduced a third approach in the care of these critical patients. The clinical status of the patient and local physician expertise drive the treatment modalities in the majority of cases. The goal of therapy in these patients is to stabilize the patient as quickly as possible, establish maximum survival with minimum morbidity, and provide a long lasting result. The endovascular approach has become an acceptable treatment option in an increasing number of patients presenting with ruptured aneurysmal disease of both the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. Major factors influencing treatment include patient clinical status, characteristics of the aorta, physician preference, institutional experience, and availability of appropriate equipment. Planning, experience, and the ability to improvise effective solutions are keys to the success of the procedure when endovascular techniques are utilized. Three separate cases, requiring intraprocedural improvisation, are presented followed by a review of the literature.
Estimating Mast Production: An Evaluation of Visual Surveys and Comparison with Seed Traps using White Oaks

We comparedfive types of visual mast surveys with seed trap datafrom 105 white oaks (Quercus alba L.) during 1996-1997 in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. We also evaluated these visual survey methodsfor their usefulness in detecting diflerences in acom density among areas. Indices derivedfrom allfive methods were highly correlated with acorn densitiesderivedfrom traps, and the Koenig method had the highest r-values. Categorical surveys using fewer than six categories yielded significantly difSerent acorn densities among al1 categories, whereas surveys using nine or ten categories did not. Al1 survey methods detected moderate to large acorn density differences amongfour study areas. We found no difference in the effectiveness of visual surveys in dense versus open-forested conditions. Visual surveys are an effective methodfor evaluating acornproduction and may be superior to seed trapsfor comparisons of acom production in tree canopies since
Bayesian method for event-based alarm annunciation

The concept of an event-based alarm system is introduced and a Bayesian method to annunciate event alarms is presented in this article. Unlike the current variable-based system, event alarms are allocated to abnormal events and are annunciated based on the risk of such events. The event-based alarm system design involves identification of abnormal events, identification of the sets of variables associated with each event and development of a model to predict the risk of each event using process measurements. Risk estimation involves the estimation of probabilities of individual events and their consequences. This article presents a method for estimating the probability of occurrence of abnormal events for the purpose of annunciation of an alarm. The methodology is demonstrated using the example of a simulated continuous stirred tank reactor.
Comparative life cycle assessment of fossil and bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles

Both biofuels and bioplastics are often regarded as sustainable solutions to current environmental problems such as climate change, fossil depletion and acidification. However, both have been criticized for being economically costly, competing with other societally beneficial goods such as food, and offering limited environmental benefits compared to their fossil counterparts. This study provides a comparative environmental Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) for 100% bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, versus fully fossil-based and partially bio-based PET bottles. An attributional life cycle assessment (aLCA) and sensitivity analysis of key assumptions is carried out to compare cradle-to-factory-gate impacts (i.e. feedstock extraction, component production and product manufacturing) of twelve PET bottle production scenarios. Results indicate that woody-biomass based PET bottles have 21% less global warming potential and require 22% less fossil fuel than their fossil based counterparts, but perform worse in other categories such as ecotoxicity and ozone depletion impacts. Results are sensitive to impact allocation assumptions as well as parameter input assumptions related to isobutanol production. In most categories, with avoided impact credits considered, forest residue feedstocks result in overall better environmental performance than corn stover feedstocks for bio-PET bottle production. The variability in avoided burdens could alter the relative environmental rankings for fossil and bio-PET bottles. Depending on the biomass feedstock, extraction and pre-processing are likely more emission-intensive than the corresponding fossil refinery processes due to the significant upstream emissions embodied in the application of fertilizers, and the significant chemical and energy inputs required to break recalcitrant lignocellulosic bonds.
Growth Inhibition of a Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line with 5q Deletion by Beta-Catenin Inhibition

Abstract 3608 As the population ages, the incidence of AML with complex cytogenetics continues to increase. These patients have a poor prognosis with 5% percent of patients diagnosed surviving 5 years. New strategies are needed to improve survival in AML patients. 5q deletion is present in 6–10% of cases of AML, and is a common chromosome abnormality in therapy-related AML (t-AML). 5q deletion is associated with haplo-insufficiency of the APC gene in hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors, leading to deregulation of the Wnt pathway and stabilization of beta- catenin (Wang, J Blood 2010). Loss of APC causes rapid exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors in vivo and leads to the accumulation of beta-catenin (Qian, Z et al JEM 2008). Beta-catenin is required for the development of leukemia stem cells in AML, but it is not required for the self-renewal of normal hematopoietic stem cells (Wang, Y et al Science 2010). Development of treatment strategies aimed at blocking the Wnt pathway through suppression of beta-catenin may improve and prolong remission rates. The UoCM1 cell line maintains the unique characteristics of del(5q) leukemia (Qian et al, PNAS 2002). Western Blot shows that the expression of beta-catenin was higher in UoCM1 cells versus REH and MV4–11 cell lines, which do not have del(5q). To block the activation of Wnt signaling, through suppression of beta-catenin, we treated UoCM1, REH and MV4–11 cells with 100uM indomethacin. The UoCM1 cells showed 30% growth inhibition while REH and MV-4 cells displayed 10% growth inhibition. The down-regulation of beta-catenin in UocM1 is confirmed by Western Blot. Curcumin is a dietary polyphenol existing in Indian spice turmeric. We showed suppression of beta-catenin by curcumin in 293T cells by luciferase assay. Next, we treated UoCM1 and MV4–11 cells with 5uM or 10 uM curcumin. The growth of UoCM1 cells was significantly inhibited by curcumin as compared to MV4–11 cells. Treatment of UoCM1 cells with 10 uM curcumin produced 87% growth inhibition, while the growth inhibition was 29% for MV4–11 cells. 5uM concentrations of curcumin caused 48% growth inhibition in UoCM1 cells versus 16% in the MV4–11 cell line. Western Blot was performed to confirm that beta-catenin is down-regulated by curcumin, in the UoCM1 cell line. In summary, blockade of the Wnt pathway through inhibition of beta-catenin suppresses cell growth in UoCM1 leukemia cells, with 5q deletion. Suppression of beta-catenin in combination with cytotoxic therapy may provide a novel means of treating leukemia in patients with a 5q deletion that both improves remission rates and prevents relapse. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.