cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Structural and Social Psychological Bases of Environmental Concern

Efforts to explain environmental concern as a function of social structure have revealed some weak but reliable associations. Stronger associations have been found between environmental concern and...
Use of cluster analysis and preference mapping to evaluate consumer acceptability of choice and select bovine M. longissimus lumborum steaks cooked to various end-point temperatures.

Abstract Consumer research was conducted to evaluate the acceptability of choice and select steaks from the Longissimus lumborum that were cooked to varying degrees of doneness using demographic information, cluster analysis and descriptive analysis. On average, using data from approximately 155 panelists, no differences (P > 0.05) existed in consumer acceptability among select and choice steaks, and all treatment means ranged between like slightly and like moderately (6–7) on the hedonic scale. Individual consumers were highly variable in their perception of acceptability and consumers were grouped into clusters (eight for select and seven for choice) based on their preference and liking of steaks. The largest consumer groups liked steaks from all treatments, but other groups preferred (P
The effect of latitude on the sea breeze

Abstract Long-term (five-day) integrations of a nonlinear numerical model of the sea breeze at the equator, 20°N, 30°N and 45°N indicate the importance of latitude on the sea breeze circulation. During the hours of strong heating when friction is largest and the static stability is smallest, a local sea-breeze frontal circulation develops in a similar way at all four latitudes. Evaluation of the terms in the circulation theorem indicates the dominance of the solenoid term (horizontal pressure gradient force) associated with the strong temperature contrast during this period. During the rest of the period, however, the pressure gradient and frictional forces weaken, the static stability increases, and the Coriolis force is dominant (except at the equator). Therefore, quite different circulations evolve at the different latitudes. At the equator, the absence of the Coriolis force results in a sea breeze at all times. At the other latitudes, the Coriolis force is responsible for producing the large-scale lan...
Regulation of H+ Excretion : EFFECTS OF OSMOTIC SHOCK

Osmotic shock, a 15-minute plasmolysis followed by a 15-minute rehydration in the cold, is a nondestructive technique which inhibits fusicoccin-stimulated H + excretion from oat mesophyll cells ( Avena sativa L.). Osmotic shock also causes a loss of intracellular solutes and stimulates H + uptake, but osmoregulation can still occur, and enhanced H + uptake is observed only at low external pH. It is concluded that osmotic shock interferes directly with the excretion of H + rather than affecting only H + or counter ion uptake. Plasmolysis alone does not inhibit fusicoccin-enhanced H + excretion, and the rehydration step must be rapid and in the cold for maximum inhibition. This suggests that the plasma membrane is perturbed, possibly due to release or rearrangement of membrane protein. Compared to corresponding osmolarities of sorbitol or NaCl, polyethylene glycol 4000 is much less effective during the plasmolysis step; the possibility is discussed that the ineffectiveness of polyethylene glycol 4000 is due to its preservation of plasmodesmata.
Exploring the positive involvement of primary motor cortex in observing motor sequences with music: a pilot study with tDCS

Introduction The present study aims at exploring the effects of the depolarization of the primary motor cortex (M1), which is supposed to be associated to the mirror neuron system (MNS), via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and of synchronous music on individuals’ responses to observed actions/non actions in a sample of individuals with low sports expertise. The two main theories behind this study are linked to the role of the MNS in the human brain and the embodied cognition theory, which suggests an interdependent relationship between action, perception and cognition.
Section Introduction: Theory, Late and Latest

This introduction situates the three essays of this section in terms of current developments in the criticism of Romantic poetry. What, the introduction asks, has happened to critical theory of late? It answers that question by thinking through the trends one could see at this year’s NASSR/NAVSA conference at Purdue University. In light of that overview, it introduces essays by Noel Jackson, Jane Moody, and Laura George.
The biology ofChlamydomyxa montana: Ultrastructure of the cyst

Cells ofChlamydomyxa montana Lankester photosynthesize within a cyst under bright light and ingest diatoms in an excysted amoeboid form during periods of low light intensity. Cyst cell walls are partially comprised of cellulose and vary in thickness. The cells are multinucleate and intracellular bacteria are closely associated with the nuclei. A pair of centrioles is also present adjacent to individual nuclei. Chloroplasts are numerous and thylakoids are generally organized into bands of three. No endoplasmic reticulum was found surrounding the plastids, nor was a complete girdling lamella ever observed within.C. montana chloroplasts appear to be its own but this protist does not precisely fit into an algal class.
A plan-based mission control center for autonomous vehicles

Teams of autonomous vehicles (AVs) carry out missions in a number of fields such as space exploration and search-and-rescue. However, human supervision is still required to monitor the status of the team to ensure that the mission is being carried out as planned. To reduce information overload on these supervisors, we have developed an application, the Mission Control Center (MCC), that aggregates and abstracts status information from AVs using a plan-based view of the mission. Using this model, the MCC presents mission status at the level of goals and plans and directs operator attention to the AVs that require the most attention.
Method for determination of methyl tert-butyl ether and its degradation products in water

An analytical method is described that can detect the major alkyl ether compounds that are used as gasoline oxygenates (methyl tert-butyl ether, MTBE; ethyl tert-butyl ether, ETBE; and tert-amyl methyl ether, TAME) and their most characteristic degradation products (tert-butyl alcohol, TBA; tert-butyl formate, TBF; and tert-amyl alcohol, TAA) in water at sub-ppb concentrations. The new method involves gas chromatography (GC) with direct aqueous injec tion (DAI) onto a polar column via a splitless injector, coupled with detection by mass spectrometry (MS). DAI-GC/MS gives excellent agreement with conventional purge-and-trap methods for MTBE over a wide range of environmentally relevant concentrations. The new method can also give simultaneous identification of polar compounds that might occur as degradation products of gasoline oxygenates, such as TBA, TBF, TAA, methyl acetate, and acetone. When the method was applied to effluent from a column microcosm prepared with core material from an urban site in New...
The Fallacy of the ‘Failed State’

Abstract This article examines the origins and evolution of the concepts of ‘failed’ and ‘failing’ states, arguing that the terms have come to be used in such widely divergent and problematic ways that they have lost any utility. The article details six serious problems with the term ‘state failure’ and related terms like ‘fragile’ or ‘troubled’ states, concluding that analysts should abandon these terms. It concludes with a modest attempt to develop alternative concepts and principles for thinking about diverse states that pose varied challenges for academic analysis and policy makers.
Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations of energy levels and transition probabilities in Ne-like S VII, CL VIII and Ar IX☆

Abstract A multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) calculation using the program of Grant and collaborators has been performed for the Ne-like systems S VII, Cl VIII and Ar IX. Excitation energies and transition probabilities have been calculated for all 3s, 3p and 3d levels in these spectra. The theoretical results are in excellent agreement with recent experimental data.
Photoexcitation and ionization in molecular fluorine: Stieltjes-Tchebycheff calculations in the static-exchange approximation

Theoretical investigation of outer (1pig, 1piu, 3sigmag) and inner (2sigmau, 2sigmag) valence-shell electronic photoexcitation and ionization cross sections in molecular fluorine are reported employing separated-channel static-exchange calculations and Stieltjes–Tchebycheff (S–T) moment-theory techniques. The discrete vertical electronic 1pig excitation series are found to be in good agreement with recent spectral assignments and previously reported theoretical studies, and those for 1piu, 3sigmag, 2sigmau and 2sigmag excitations are in general accord with position and intensity estimates based on quantum-defect analysis. Certain of the partial-channel photoionization cross sections in F2 are seen to exhibit resonancelike features similar to those reported recently in related S–T studies of photoionization in N2, CO, and O2. The resonances can be attributed to valencelike and pre-Rydberg diabatic states that cross the outer limbs of appropriate Rydberg series and corresponding ionic-state potential curves as functions of internuclear coordinate, giving rise to large continuum transition intensities at the ground-state equilibrium internuclear separation. In contrast to the situation in N2, CO, and O2, however, there is no evidence of a resonance like sigma-->sigma* feature in the 3sigmag-->ksigmau photoionization channel in F2. Rather, this resonance in F2 appears as a strong N-->Vg transition below the 3sigmag ionization threshold, and the corresponding partial-channel photoionization cross section is seen to be structureless. Although experimental studies of partial-channel photoionization cross sections are apparently unavailable for comparison, the calculations reported here should provide reliable approximations to the dipole excitation/ionization spectra in F2, and are helpful in understanding and clarifying the dependences of photoionization spectra in light diatomic molecules on shell occupancy and equilibrium internuclear separation when compared with the results of previous studies of photoionization in N2, CO, and O2.
Renal proliferation in the unilaterally nephrectomized rat.

RENAL growth following unilateral nephrectomy has been referred to as ‘compensatory renal hypertrophy’1. The work of Rollason emphasizes the importance of hyperplasia in this process2. Utilizing thymidine as a specific precursor of deoxyribomicleic acid (DNA), and assuming the constancy of DNA in the absence of dividing cells, the incorporation of thymidine serves as an index of cellular proliferation3. We now describe the effect of uninephrectomy on the incorporation of tritium-labelled thymidine into renal DNA.
Acute effects of neuroleptics on brain self-stimulation thresholds in rats.

The acute effects of 5 neuroleptic drugs were tested in rats implanted with stimulating electrodes in the medial forebrain bundle and trained in a brain selfstimulation threshold procedure. Haloperidol (0.01–0.10 mg/kg) and loxapine (0.03–0.56 mg/kg) produced increases in reinforcement thresholds accompanied by reductions in response rates. Chlorpromazine (0.10–3.0 mg/kg) did not significantly alter reinforcement thresholds, but did produce dose-dependent reductions in response rates. Pimozide (0.1–1.75 mg/kg) was similar to chlorpromazine and significantly increased the reinforcement threshold only at the highest dose, although a graded decrease in response rates occurred over a wide dose-range. Clozapine (0.1–1.75 mg/kg) increased reinforcement thresholds without producing any significant changes in response rates, but when 3.0 mg/kg was administered, a marked disruption of behavior occurred. The results suggested that a distinction can be made between the effects of neuroleptics on motor behavior and on central reinforcement thresholds, and this may help in the interpretation of the relation between the chemical and clinical potency of antipsychotic drugs.
The art and craft fair: A new institution in an old art world

This paper focuses on the role of art and craft fairs in the contemporary stained glass profession. Full-time, non-traditional stained glass work could be considered a marginal profession in that it lacks a centralized source of control. The institutionalization of fairs is one solution to problems of decentralization in this profession. Three patterns of participation are noted for stained glass practitioners. First, some artisans participate in art and craft fairs as a stepping stone in their professional development. Second, some practitioners have custom-work studios and continue to participate in the fairs after they have established their studios. Third, for some the art and craft fair is an end, rather than a means. Art and craft fairs serve as a functional equivalent to apprenticeships and other centralized sources of control in the stained glass world. Quantitative and qualitative data are used to support the arguments. The paper concludes by discussing the applicability of these ideas to other contemporary arts/crafts.
3D Polymeric Microfluidic Device Fabrication via Contact Liquid Photolithographic Polymerization (CLiPP)

In this contribution, a new method for the fabrication of complex polymeric microfluidic devices is presented. The technology, contact liquid photolithographic polymerization (CLIPP). overcomes man ...
Expression, purification and characterization of a 41 kDa insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain.

Abstract An active 41 kDa cytoplasmic domain of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase(CIRK-41) encompassing amino acid residues 946 and 1303 of the native protein with an additional three amino acids(HAI) at the N-terminus has been overexpressed using the baculovirus pAC 373 expression system. The recombinant protein termed CIRK-41 has been purified to homogeneity. CIRK-41 was capable of autophosphorylation and up to 1.9 moles of phosphate were incorporated per mole of enzyme when it was incubated in the presence of 10 mM manganese chloride and 0.5 mM ATP. Autophosphorylation resulted in stimulation of CIRK-41 activity towards its exogenous substrate, indicating that CIRK-41 may be used as a model molecule to study the role of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in the control of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity.
Local long-term institutions, growth and cash holdings

We provide empirical evidence that support both ‘outcome’ and ‘substitute’ models of agency theories related to cash holding. Local long-term institutional investors are associated with lower excess cash in firms with less growth and easier access to external financing, and with higher excess cash in firms with higher growth in our US sample.
Mimetic Theory in Chinese Literary Thought

Mimetic theory is a view that conceptualizes literature and art as essentially an imitation of aspects of the universe. It grew out of the idea of mimesis in early Greek thought and then became the foundation and mainstream of Western literary thought. As mimetic theory is fundamental to Western literary thought, one may wonder whether it can be found in other literary traditions. Take Chinese literary tradition, for example. Is there a mimetic theory in Chinese literary thought? In the field of Chinese and comparative literature, the scholarly consensus holds that the idea of mimesis is not entirely absent, but a mimetic theory of literature is nonexistent. In Chinese Theories of Literature, the first introduction of Chinese literary thought in the West, James J. Y. Liu constructs six categories of theories out of traditional Chinese literary thought, but does not think that the Chinese tradition has a mimetic theory. 1 Why does he think so? In his opinion, though Chinese metaphysical theory seems to share some elements of Western mimetic theory “in so far as both kinds of theories are primarily oriented towards the ‘universe’” (47), among the three meanings of the “universe” in the Western tradition—the natural world, human society, and the transcendental world—only the last was faintly mentioned in the Chinese metaphysical theory. And even here, he points out some subtle differences. One of them is that while the transcendental Idea is supposed to exist in some superlunar world and in the mind of the artist in the Western metaphysical tradition, in Chinese metaphysical theory, the Dao, a Chinese equivalent to the Platonic Idea, is immanent in everything in the universe. The other, more important difference is that in the interrelations among the universe, the writer, and the literary work, Chinese metaphysical theory shows no process of imitation in the creation of a literary work by the writer in imitation of nature, human society, or transcendental Idea. By contrast, “in Western mimetic theories the poet
Ionization and Dissociation Energies of Group 13 Metal Complexes with Group 15 Hydrides

In this work, 1:1 complexes of the group 13 metal atoms with the group 15 hydrides are prepared with laser-ablation molecular beam techniques and studied with threshold photoionization and zero electron kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopies and ab initio calculations. Ionization energies of the M−EH3 (M = Al, Ga, In; E = N, P, As) complexes increase in the order N < P ≤ As, whereas bond dissociation energies decrease down the group 15 hydrides. For a given hydride, the ionization and dissociation energies are different among the three metals, though the variation is smaller than that of the ligand effect. Ionization enhances the binding between the metal and ligand, and the enhancement is as large as three to five times.
DNA damage, repair, and antioxidant systems in brain regions: a correlative study.

Abstract 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (oxo8dG) has been used as a marker of free radical damage to DNA and has been shown to accumulate during aging. Oxidative stress affects some brain regions more than others as demonstrated by regional differences in steady state oxo8dG levels in mouse brain. In our study, we have shown that regions such as the midbrain, caudate putamen, and hippocampus show high levels of oxo8dG in total DNA, although regions such as the cerebellum, cortex, and pons and medulla have lower levels. These regional differences in basal levels of DNA damage inversely correlate with the regional capacity to remove oxo8dG from DNA. Additionally, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) and the levels of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione are not predictors of the degree of free radical induced damage to DNA in different brain regions. Although each brain region has significant differences in antioxidant defenses, the capacity to excise the oxidized base from DNA seems to be the major determinant of the steady state levels of oxo8dG in each brain region.
Magnetochiral Kerr effect with application to the cuprates

Rotation of polarization of light on transmission and reflection at materials with time-reversal breaking (Faraday and Kerr effects, respectively) has been studied for over a hundred years. We add to such phenomena by studying the optical properties of magnetochiral states, which are states with loop currents such that there is finite Hall effect at zero applied magnetic field. Qualitatively new features arise in reflection and transmission in such a state. This state is shown to be induced in underdoped cuprates given their observed magnetoelectric loop-current order and certain lattice symmetries. These results explain the observation of Kerr effects with unusual properties and help further confirm the nature of the symmetry breaking in underdoped cuprates.
Regional transportation operations collaboration and coordination demonstration initiative

In an effort to stimulate greater emphasis on Transportation Systems Management & Operations (TSM&O), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is sponsoring projects in three metropolitan areas to demonstrate development and implementation of a regional concept of transportation operations (RCTO). The RCTO requires regional collaboration of multiple entities - local and state governments, departments of transportation, police and rescue squads, etc. n order to accomplish various objectives that are beneficial to regional transportation operators and transportation system users in the metropolitan areas. The University of Virginia, working as part of a team led by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), is supporting the FHWA by assisting in evaluating the success of these demonstration projects and providing assistance to the demonstration project participants as they seek to develop their RCTO through regional collaboration and coordination. More specifically, the team assisted FHWA by reviewing and commenting on demonstration applications and in designing and developing metrics and a score-card to assess the extent to which the demonstration projects achieve their objectives.
Anticonvulsants inhibit rat neuronal somatostatin release

Somatostatin (SRIF), a peptide widely distributed in the central nervous system, has been implicated in the genesis of seizure activity in a number of animal models of epilepsy. We examined the effects of the anticonvulsants, phenytoin, carbamazepine and diazepam, on the release of SRIF from dispersed adult rat neuronal cells in short-term culture. Each of these agents caused dose-dependent inhibition of ouabain-stimulated SRIF release in a well-characterized hypothalamic dispersed cell system. We also examined the effects of phenytoin on SRIF release from dispersed rat cortical cells and inhibition of stimulated SRIF secretion was again observed. These findings support the hypothesis that the inhibition of neuronal SRIF release may represent a pharmacological mechanism of action of anticonvulsants.
Conformal harmonic analysis on hyperboloids

Abstract Let H be a hyperboloid of even dimension. We give a ∂-cohomological interpretation of the decomposition of L 2 ( H ) on the parts corresponding to the discrete and continuous spectra.
Searching for heavy fermion materials

Abstract Some history from a personal viewpoint is given of materials-driven heavy Fermion physics.
I am too just like you: Nonconscious mimicry as an automatic behavioral response to social exclusion.

Research across various disciplines has demonstrated that social exclusion has devastating psychological, emotional, and behavioral consequences. Excluded individuals are therefore motivated to affiliate with others, even though they may not have the resources, cognitive or otherwise, to do so. The current research explored whether nonconscious mimicry of other individuals—a low-cost, low-risk, automatic behavior—might help excluded individuals address threatened belongingness needs. Experiment 1 demonstrated that excluded people mimic a subsequent interaction partner more than included people do. Experiment 2 showed that individuals excluded by an in-group selectively (and nonconsciously) mimic a confederate who is an in-group member more than a confederate who is an out-group member. The relationship between exclusion and mimicry suggests that there are automatic behaviors people can use to recover from the experience of being excluded. In addition, this research demonstrates that nonconscious mimicry i...
Microprocessor technology challenges through the next decade

Historical microprocessor product trends show an increase in product frequency of 1.25x per year and a transistor count increase of 1.4x per year since the early 70's. This trend is forecast to continue over the next decade to the 0.07μm generation. To support the trend, challenges in lithography, transistor definition, interconnect system, and manufacturability must be overcome. Solutions to the lithography challenge, will require successful implementation of 157nm optical or next generation lithography (NGL). The transistor solution will require integration of sub 2.0nm gate oxides with improved gate electrode materials, improved low resistance shallow source-drain technology, advanced channel dopant engineering, and operation at or below 1.0v. Interconnect challenges will require support of 10 or more interconnect layers using low resistivity metalization and reduced epsilon dielectric. Manufacturing challenges require support of larger die sizes, integrated at higher technology complexity, while maintaining lowest possible cost.
Packing Heat in the Tar Heel State: A County-Level Assessment of Concealed Carry Permits

This study analyzes variations in the rates at which North Carolina citizens apply for and are issued concealed carry permits (CCPs). Various theories, primarily those related to fear of/response to crime, demographic/geographic factors, and social learning theories of gun ownership, guide the analysis. Generally speaking, the authors find little support for socioeconomic and demographic explanations of CCPs in North Carolina. In addition, the authors find no support for the notion that violent or property crimes, or changes in these crimes over time, affect CCP policy. The authors do find some evidence that change in minority population (Black, but not Hispanic) is significantly related to permitting. In North Carolina, there is support for a cultural model of CCPs. Both the political conservatism and the proportion of hunters in the population (our indicator of a cultural norm that values and cherishes gun ownership) are consistently related to permitting. The authors conclude that the combination of political conservatism and socialization into a hunting/ gun-owning culture are more important than socioeconomic variables in explaining CCPs.
To be or not to be? That is conception!: Managing in vitro fertilization programs

The performance of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer IVF-ET programs is summarized typically as the average probability of achieving pregnancy per cycle. Variation in conception probabilities across women reduces the usefulness of such an aggregate measure. More relevant is the conditional probability of achieving pregnancy on a given cycle following a number of failed IVF-ET attempts. We construct a model that accurately describes 1,257 treatment cycles performed at Yale over 571 different women. The model assumes a split population, where some women can never conceive via IVF-ET, while the remaining women have identical and constant per cycle probabilities of conception. This model produces estimates that are highly consistent with the data, and suggests that continuing treatment beyond some threshold number of cycles is not efficacious. Recognizing this, we determine cutoffs beyond which treatment should not continue for IVF-ET programs with fixed capacities. We also consider cutoff policies where program participants may belong to one of several different split populations, detailing the case of two groups. Finally, we show how one may reduce the average time in treatment including waiting time considerably with minimal impact on the probability of achieving pregnancy.
The HIV-1 Capsid: Assembly and Restriction by TRIM5α

The mature HIV-1 capsid packages the viral genome and facilitates the reverse transcription step in early stages of the viral replication cycle. The capsid is a cone-shaped fullerene shell composed of ∼1,500 copies of the virally encoded CA protein. The subunits form a two-dimensional array of CA hexamers that is closed by incorporation of 12 CA pentamers. Despite the locally symmetric arrangement of the subunits, the capsid particle itself is non-symmetric. Therefore, we have used a “hybrid methods” strategy to study the capsid architecture. Initially, we used electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) to obtain low-resolution views of the quaternary interactions that mediate hexamer formation by analyzing capsid-like structures formed in vitro. Docking atomic resolution structures of CA subdomains into the cryoEM map yielded a Cα model, which we used as a template to design disulfides that stabilized the hexamer, and the quasi-equivalent pentamer. The structures of the building blocks were then solved by X-ray crystallography. By comparative analysis of all the available structures, we identified conformational switches that facilitated the formation of a non-symmetric capsid. The structural and mechanistic elements were then combined computationally into an atomic model for the complete capsid.TRIM5α is a cellular innate immune factor that interferes with retroviral capsid function. TRIM5α directly binds the capsid, but its pair-wise affinity for the CA subunit is extremely weak. We have found that TRIM5α assembles into a net-like lattice that matches the symmetry and spacing of the capsid lattice. This suggests that recognition of the HIV-1 capsid by TRIM5α occurs through lattice-lattice interactions, and that the weak pair-wise affinity of TRIM5α for the CA subunit is amplified by avidity. These studies support a model wherein TRIM5α constitutes a soluble surveillance mechanism in the cell that intercepts and disables the incoming viral capsid.
Volcanic emissions of mercury to the atmosphere: global and regional inventories

A comprehensive, time-averaged inventory of subaerial emissions of mercury from volcanoes that were active between 1980 and 2000 is derived based on the Hg/SO(2) ratios of the exhalations. Worldwide flux of mercury from volcanic eruptions is estimated to be 57 t/year while the flux from degassing activities is 37.6 t/year. After correcting for 'unmeasured' SO(2) emissions, the total global flux of Hg to the atmosphere is estimated to be 112 t/year. There are regional differences in average emissions during the 20-year period, with the estimated fluxes being 29 t/year in South and Central America, 27 t/year in Southeast Asia; 24 t/year in North America (including Hawaii), 4.1 t/year in Australia, 3.4 t/year in Japan and northern Asia, 3.1 t/year in Europe and western Asia and 2.3 t/year in Africa.
Prognostic factors in pediatric cases of drowning and near-drowning

Ninety-three cases of drowning or near-drowning in the pediatric age group between 1972 and 1976 were reviewed. A scoring system for prognostic factors was developed using one point for each of five unfavorable factors involved in the drowning or near-drowning of each patient. The prognostic factors were 1) age less than three years; 2) maximum submersion time estimated longer than five minutes; 3) resuscitation not attempted for at least ten minutes after rescue; 4) patient in coma on admission to hospital, and 5) arterial blood pH of ≤ 7.10. This scoring system significantly predicted the eventual outcome of patients who had experienced the postsubmersion syndrome. Patients with scores of ≤ 2 had a 90% chance of full recovery; those with scores of ≥ 3 had only a 5% probability of survival. The early institution of resuscitative efforts was the single most important factor influencing survival.
A Psychiatric Residency Curriculum on the Care of African American Patients

Training psychiatric residents to address cross-cultural issues in their practice of psychiatry is a necessary objective of contemporary psychiatric education. Cultural issues play a critical role in the formation and expression of a patient’s personality. In addition, they are a major determinant of the context in which mental illness develops. This proposed curriculum outlines a systematic progression toward cultural competence with populations of African descent. It begins with increasing the residents’ awareness of their own cultural identity. The concept of achieving cultural competence as a continuum is utilized. Trainees should be prepared for any unfavorable reactions to this novel material. The curriculum must include accurate historic information about black culture, and general topics of diagnosis and treatment of African Americans must be covered. This should occur in congruence with trainees’ development from students to residents to psychiatrists, as they move from inpatient to outpatient, hospital to community, close supervision to autonomous functioning, gaining both skill and confidence.
Heavy particle range and energy deposition distributions in solids

Abstract The transport equations describing incident ion locations as they slow to a stop in a solid target have been derived and solved in the approximation of a Gaussian distribution. These distributions have then been used to determine the local rate at which energy is deposited into structural damage and ionization by both the incident ion and the recoiling target atoms. Incident particle and energy deposition distributions are readily and easily obtained through this method for both simple and compound targets, including in particular those alloys and compounds of direct interest in CTR studies. The calculated final particle distributions have been found to agree well with experiment and the calculated damage energy distributions correlate well with measured distributions of simple and complex defects. The results of such calculations provide the first step in understanding the details of individual 14 MeV neutron damage clusters.
Cross-layer throughput optimization using adaptive PHY/MAC layer techniques: A unified approach

This article develops a unified mathematical framework for maximization of the user throughput over generalized wireless channels using the symbol rate, packet length and constellation size of two distinct classes of digital modulation schemes (M-PSK and M-QAM) as optimization variables. First, we show that the throughput optimization problem for truncated selective-repeat automatic repeat request (SR-ARQ) is identical to that of no retransmission case ( N R MAX = 0 ) or the conventional SR-ARQ ( N R MAX = ∞ ) protocol that guarantees the end-to-end delivery of packet. Subsequently, we derive optimization equations for each of the above degrees of freedom in closed-form. A simple algorithm for triplet-parameter optimization is also presented. Numerical results reveal that it is sufficient to adapt symbol rate alone in the low average signal-to-noise (SNR) regime while joint optimization of both the packet length and the constellation size parameters is required in the high average SNR regime, to achieve maximum throughput in a myriad of wireless fading environments.
The counties and the country: Some thoughts on seventeenth‐century historiography∗

In the historiography of seventeenth-century England, the Crisis of the Aristocracy and the Crisis of Parliaments have been followed close on by the crisis of historians.1 A proliferation of county studies in the last two decades has altered our awareness of the importance of the world beyond Westminster and Whitehall, but this needed expansion of our horizons has also confounded our understanding of the causes of the English Civil War and the English Revolution.2 The difficulties of incorporating evidence drawn from local rather than from central sources and focused on economic and social rather than strictly political changes have heightened disharmony among students of a field long famous for its controversies. Any brief characterization of the disagreements between 'revisionist' and 'nonrevisionist' historians risks caricature, but most of the conflicts concentrate on one or more of three questions: (i) Was the outbreak of war in i 642 a natural continuation of a disillusionment that can be traced back at least to the I620S or was the fighting born of more limited and fortuitous circumstances? (2) Did allegiances in the war and later turn upon ideological principles, or upon local
Removing Arcs from a Network

This paper proposes an algorithm for making a sensitivity analysis on a flow network, specifically, the problem of removing n arcs in a network such that the reduction in the maximum flow between an origin and destination node is maximized. Such an algorithm might be helpful in determining how sensitive a transportation system is to having its roads closed for repairs.
Serotonin syndrome following metaxalone overdose and therapeutic use of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

AbstractMetaxalone has only recently been associated with serotonin syndrome. The mechanism of action of this centrally acting muscle relaxant is unknown; however, the observation of serotonin syndrome in patients with metaxalone overdose suggests a role in the serotonergic pathway. Case report. (Case 1) A 29-year-old woman with overdose of metaxalone presented to the emergency department with altered mental status, seizure-like activity, hyperthermia, rigidity in the lower extremities, myoclonus, and hyperreflexia. Vital signs on arrival include blood pressure of 168/80 mmHg, heart rate of 208 beats per minute (bpm), respirations of 20/min, a temperature of 41.6° C rectally, and room air oxygen saturation of 97%. She was intubated and sedated with benzodiazepines, and actively cooled. Serum paroxetine concentration was 23 (therapeutic range: 20–200) ng/mL, and serum metaxalone concentration was 31 mcg/mL (peak plasma concentrations average 0.9 mcg/mL at 3.3 h following a single oral dose of 400 mg). (Cas...
Increased Densities Result in Reduced Weight Gain of Crayfish Orconectes virilis

Three independent studies were conducted in which supplemental food was provided to juvenile Orconectes virilis reared at varying densities. One study was conducted in fiberglass tanks (densities of either 13, 27 or 54 individuals/m2) and two were conducted in outdoor pools (densities of either 2.5, 5, 10, 20 or 30 individuals/m2). Crayfish were offered a variety of foods ranging from a formulated diet to agricultural forages. Weight gain of crayfish fed a formulated diet and reared at varying densities was similar in the study conducted in tanks, but survival was significantly lower at the two highest densities (27 and 54/m2). Weight gain, survival and yield decreased as density increased in the studies conducted in outdoor pools. The highest weight gain and survival were at a density of 2.5/m2. Wheat straw was used as the source of nutrients. Use of formulated diets did not result in rapid weight gain when crayfish were reared at higher densities.
Pizza in 30 Minutes, or How to Order a War : A Study of the Political Institution of Time

Analyzes the political rhetoric about time during the 1991 Gulf war with Iraq. In public speeches by President George Bush & members of Congress before, during, & after the war, timing was ...
IL-17F: regulation, signaling and function in inflammation.

The IL-17 cytokine family is composed of six members. IL-17F, discovered in 2001, recently has drawn increasing attention due to its greatest similarity to IL-17, a widely recognized inflammatory cytokine. The genes encoding IL-17 and IL-17F are localized in the same chromosomal region and are co-expressed by CD4+ and γδ T cells. IL-17F can be secreted as homodimers or heterodimers with IL-17. Similar to IL-17, IL-17F utilizes IL-17RA and IL-17RC as its receptor and employs Act1 and TRAF6 as its signal transducers to induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in many different cell types. However, mice lacking either IL-17 or IL-17F exhibit distinct defects in experimental models of asthma and colitis. These results have laid the basis to understand the role of IL-17F in the pathogenesis of human diseases.
Effect of composition and composition inhomogeneity on the strain sensitivity of plated wire memory elements

Composition and composition inhomogeneity effects on plated wire memory elements strain sensitivity, considering tension and torsion sensitivities
Wyoming Community Colleges.

With 450,000 people and almost 100,000 square miles of area, Wyoming can arguably be called the most rural state in the nation. Many residents live more than 150 miles from one of the state's seven community colleges or its single university. Access to college is an important concern throughout the state. Wyoming's community colleges were born soon after WWII and have grown steadily over the past half century. A seven‐member commission provides coordination and some oversight. The colleges currently enroll more than 14,000 full‐time‐equivalent (FTE) students. Enrollment ranges from 3,200 FTEs to fewer than 1,000 FTEs. More than 60% of community college funding comes from state appropriations. Tuition is among the lowest in the country.
Ultrathin Cross-Linked Nanoparticle Membranes

The fabrication of functional nanostructured materials for sensing, encapsulation and delivery requires practical approaches to self-assembly on multiple length scales and the synthesis of tough yet permeable structures. Here, the self-assembly of functionalized, photoluminescent nanoparticles at liquid interfaces, followed by cross-linking of the associated ligands, affords robust membranes that maintain their integrity even when they are removed from the interface. These composite membranes, nanometers in thickness, are elastic yet permeable and have potential applications involving controlled permeability and diffusion. Cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles are used, since their inherent photoluminescence offers a direct way to probe the spatial organization of the particles. Functionalized ligands attached to the nanoparticles provide an effective means to stabilize the interfacial assembly by cross-linking. The concepts shown are adaptable to other type of nanoparticles, ligands, and solvent combinations.
Mössbauer spectroscopy studies of magnetic ordering and slow paramagnetic relaxation in the helium-3 temperature range

Aspects of a carbon sorption pumped helium-3 cryostat are described with particular emphasis on applications to the study of weak exchange interactions between centers of delocalized electron spin density in a series of ionic fluorides of high spin iron (III). The novel vanishing of magnetic hyperfine splitting for T<1 K in certain charge transfer polymers based on polycyanide electron acceptors and decamethyl ferrocene is also discussed. In addition, source experiments for the ID-metamagnet Co(bipyridine) Cl2 are presented.
Kinetics of tissue distribution and elimination of 4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) in rats.

Abstract The tissue distribution kinetics and elimination of 4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA) in rats was studied after a single dose of [14C]MBOCA (0.49 mg kg body weight, i.V.). The highest concentrations of radioactivity were in the small intestine, liver, adipose, lung, kidney, skin, and adrenals. For most tissues, a rapid decrease in radioactivity was followed by a slower decrease except for the small intestine, adipose and skin which demonstrated transient increases. Subcellular distribution in liver at 1 h showed radioactivity in all cell fractions. Although very lipophilic, [14C]MBOCA was completely eliminated within 48 h with the major route via the feces (73.4%).
Ear piercing for individuals with metal hypersensitivity.

Abstract Objective: To describe and evaluate an ear piercing and earring retention method for individuals with metal hypersensitivity. Setting: Private facial plastic surgery practice associated with a tertiary care medical center. Methods: Thirty-one patients with a history of hypersensitivity to metallic jewelry (62 ears) underwent earlobe piercing with an intravenous catheter. Results: None of the patients experienced an infection or hypersensitivity reaction. All patients were able to wear nickel-free earrings for short periods without using the shortened catheter. Conclusion: Using the distal shaft of an intravenous catheter as an earring post sheath is a safe and effective technique that allows hypersensitive individuals to wear earrings in pierced ears on a limited basis. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;125:93-5.)
Neuromuscular transmission in a primitive insect: modulation by octopamine, and catch-like tension.

Abstract 1. 1. The third pair of legs of the primitive New Zealand orthopteran insect, the “weta”, has an innervation and muscle cell distribution exactly similar to that of locusts, but wetas do not jump. 2. 2. Neuromuscular transmission to the slow excitatory axon (SETi) is potentiated more than 10-fold by the natural modulator octopamine (OCT). 3. 3. A brief burst of SETi impulses following infusion of as little as 10−8 M OCT is followed by a very long-lasting plateau of catch-like tension (CT). 4. 4. The plateau is abruptly relaxed by a single inhibitory impulse, or even by a single SETi impulse if this arrives no sooner than about 30 sec following excitation. 5. 5. CT is used by wetas in a defense posture. 6. 6. Locusts and grasshoppers have a different type of modulation by OCT.
PHYSIOLOGICAL ONTOGENY : A. CHICKEN EMBRYOS. IV. THE NEGATIVE ACCELERATION OF GROWTH WITH AGE AS DEMONSTRATED BY TISSUE CULTURES.

1. Observations on tissue cultures of heart muscle from chicken embryos indicate that in general the growth rate of the individual cells decreases with age. The negative acceleration of growth is greatest at the beginning of life as in the intact embryo. 2. The latent period before growth commences increases with the age of the implanted tissue, but in a different fashion. The acceleration of the latent period is greatest near the end of the incubation period, thus demonstrating that the factors determining the initiation of growth and those determining the extent of growth are not similar.
Synthesis, structure and magnetic characterization of decamethylmetallocenium ethyl tricyanoethylenecarboxylate charge-transfer salts

Abstract Ethyl tricyanoethylenecarboxylate (ETCE) is a one-electron acceptor related to tetracyanoethylene that can serve as a building block for the construction of molecule-based magnets. The reactions of ETCE with decamethylmetallocenes, MCp ∗ 2 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe) give three new charge-transfer salt magnets, [CrCp ∗ 2 ] [ETCE] 1, [MnCp ∗ 2 ] [ETCE] 2 and [FeCp ∗ 2 ] [ETCE] 3. The expected mixed pi stacking of anions and cations is obtained, with the ETCE radical anion exhibiting typical disorder over two nearly equivalent footprints. Powder diffraction supports the belief that all three compounds are isomorphous. Magnetic measurements indicate that 1 is a soft ferromagnet, ordering below a critical temperature, Tc, of 3.8 K. Compound 2 exhibits complex magnetic behavior consisting of two frequency-dependent peaks in the ac susceptibility, the first at about 11.2 K and the second at about 7 K. At 1.8 K, the compound is hysteretic and exhibits a coercive field of 10 kG. Compound 3 is a glassy, apparently canted, ferromagnet displaying an out-of-phase ac susceptibility signal below about 3 K.
Investigating the decision criteria used in electronic components procurement

Abstract Previous research has reported that the decision criteria used to evaluate suppliers differs by product category. Rather than investigating the “key buying criteria” across the entire gamut of products and services, this research takes a novel approach by investigating the evaluation criteria used in the procurement of component parts. The survey results suggest that the content and structure of the decision criteria used by business customers to assess their suppliers does not differ across an array of electronic components. The business implication is that business customers that formally track the performance of their suppliers along the critical evaluation criteria will be in a better position to gain a competitive advantage by effectively managing the inbound supply chain.
The ubiquitous nature of cancer: the role of the SCFFbw7 complex in development and transformation

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a multi-subunit pathway that allows for ubiquitin modification of proteins and leads to either degradation or other non-proteolytic processes such as trafficking or transcriptional activation. Given its role as a regulator of cellular homeostasis it is not surprising that members of the UPS are frequently aberrantly expressed in a number of disease states including cancer. This review will focus on one member of the UPS, the F-box protein, Fbw7 (also known as Sel-10, Ago, hCDC4) and mechanisms by which Fbw7 interacts with its substrates in the context of development and tumorigenesis will be discussed. In addition, antagonists of this pathway as well as current and future therapeutics for the UPS will be examined.