cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P6-08-06: Use of an NIH PROMIS® instrument to identify predictors of fatigue in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy

Background: Fatigue is one of the most common side effects of treatment for breast cancer (BC). This study used a daily diary approach to investigate the course of fatigue in BC patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. We examined clinical (BSA, menopausal status, stage, hemoglobin levels) and self-reported biopsychosocial factors (anxiety, depression, pain, physical and social functioning) as predictors of fatigue after chemotherapy infusion. Methods: We enrolled 28 stage I (39%), II (50%), and III (11%) BC patients (mean age = 48.9 years, SD = 9.7) receiving standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Fatigue was assessed over 14 consecutive days (day −2 to +11) using a modified version of the NIH Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) fatigue short-form. Putative predictors of fatigue were assessed in the week prior to infusion. Anxiety and depression were measured with computerized adaptive testing. Pain, physical functioning, and social functioning were assessed using PROMIS global health items. Clinical variables were abstracted from patients9 medical records. Analyses used individual growth curve modeling to examine overall levels of post-infusion fatigue and rates of change (amplitude) in daily fatigue over a 14-day period prior to the next infusion. Results: Daily fatigue varied considerably over the 14 day study period, following a sinusoidal pattern. Fatigue T-scores increased from near-normal values (mean = 53) by about 1 SD (p Conclusions: This study demonstrates that BC patients with greater anxiety, depression, pain or poor physical functioning at baseline are at risk for prolonged and severe fatigue during treatment with chemotherapy. Patients with low pain and high physical functioning experience sharper changes in fatigue after infusion with quick return to baseline. The NIH PROMIS questionnaire provides a powerful quantitative method to identify predictors of chemotherapy-related fatigue. Identification of these predictors is critical for effective management of patient expectations and the development of targeted interventions to improve tolerance and functioning during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-06.
An Efficient 3D Inverse Design Method Using Sectional 3D Analysis

*† ‡ An efficient three-dimensional (3D) inverse design method for 3D wings based on 3D Navier-Stokes flow physics is developed. The method employs sectional designs at several span stations to build a 3D wing. The sectional designs are based on 3D flow physics instead of the traditional two-dimensional (2D) approach. In the sectional 3D (S3D) design, spanwise flux components are obtained from a 3D flow analysis and fixed throughout the design optimization cycles. The purpose of the S3D concept is to reduce the cost of 3D design with an available 3D Navier-Stokes analysis code without building a corresponding sensitivity code. Preliminary results suggest that the S3D design method can save a great amount of computational and engineering cost and can be a practical and efficient tool for designing 3D wings.
Laboratory Assessment of a Species-Specific Radioimmunoassay for the Detection of Malaria Sporozoites in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) using monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) specific for the dominant surface antigens of malaria sporozoites was used to evaluate various factors that might influence the use of this or similar tests for epidemiological studies. Mabs specific for sporozoites of 2 simian malaria organisms, Plasmodium knowlesi and P. cynomolgi, were used to determine the time of antigen appearance and persistence in mosquitoes, conditions under which infected mosquitoes can be stored prior to processing, and methods for detecting infected mosquitoes in pools or for identifying pools including mosquitoes carrying more than 1 species of malaria.
Aerodynamic stability analysis of ice-covered overhead transmission lines

Asymmetric icing conductors are prone to gallop under the action of wind.Study on the aerodynamic stability analysis of ice-covered overhead transmission lines is of great significance.The traditional Den Hartog criterion is an approximate solution,and only applicable to the situation of small attack angle.Based on the traditional Den Hartog criterion,the more accurate relationship between the critical wind velocity of the galloping phenomenon and the attack angle is deduced in this paper.The numerical analysis of examples shows that,as to the heavily ice-covered overhead transmission lines,the wind load may easily lead to the dynamic buckling of the conductors and consequently result in the dynamic buckling of the whole tower-and-line system.In the process of transmission lines design,it is necessary to take the galloping phenomenon into account.
A longitudinal study of Salmonella shedding and antimicrobial resistance patterns in North Dakota feedlot cattle

Salmonella is one of the most frequent causes of foodborne illness worldwide, and transmission involves foods of animal origin such as beef. The objective of this study was to monitor the prevalence of Salmonella fecal shedding in feedlot cattle during the finishing period and to assess the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolated salmonellae. On arrival at the feedlot, 1 (0.7%) of the 144 steers was shedding Salmonella in its feces. After 28 days on feed, shedding was detected in 8 (5.6%) of the 144 steers. At the third sampling, 19 (13%) of 143 steers were shedding, and the number of shedders continued to increase to 89 (62%) of 143 at the last sampling. Salmonella shedding was significantly influenced (P < 0.0001) by sampling time but not by herd of origin. All Salmonella isolates identified belonged to serotype Typhimurium serovar Copenhagen, a type commonly isolated from Salmonella infections in humans. Antimicrobial resistance testing of the isolates revealed five multidrug resistance patterns, two of which accounted for 104 (95.4%) of 109 of the isolates. All the isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur, and all were resistant to spectinomycin, sulfathiazole, tiamulin, florfenicol, ampicillin, penicillin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and clindamycin. Data from this study indicate that a high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella strains can sometimes be found in feedlot cattle in North Dakota. These data will contribute to risk assessment of Salmonella shedding by cattle in feedlots and highlight the need to continue preharvest monitoring for this organism.
Determination of PO2 and its heterogeneity in single capillaries

We have applied the phosphorescence lifetime technique (Vanderkooi, J. M., G. Maniara, T. J. Green, and D. F. Wilson. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 5476-5482, 1987) to determine oxygen tension in single capillaries of the hamster retractor muscle. Palladium meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (10 mg/ml, pH 7.40, bound to bovine serum albumin) was used as the phosphorescent oxygen sensor. Our measurement system consisted of a microscope configured for epi-illumination, a strobe flash lamp, a 430-nm bandpass excitation filter, and a 630-nm cut-on emission filter. A rectangular diaphragm was used to limit the illumination field to 10 microns x 10 microns, and an end-window photomultiplier tube was used to detect the phosphorescence signal, which was then input to an analog-to-digital board in a personal computer. In vitro calibrations were carried out at 37 degrees C on samples flowing through a glass capillary tube (diameter, 300 microns) at four different O2 concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5%). In vivo tests were carried out on arterioles, capillaries, and venules of the retractor muscle of anesthetized hamsters. The phosphorescent compound was administered by injection into a jugular vein (20 mg/kg). Phosphorescence decay curves were analyzed by a new model of heterogeneous oxygen distribution in the excitation/emission volume. Mean Po2 values and the local Po2 gradients within the excitation/ emission volume were calculated from phosphorescence life-times obtained from individual decay curves. The time course of Po2 obtained during 0.5-s measurement periods (5 decay curves at 0.1-s intervals) at a given site along a capillary indicated the presence of a gradient in Po2 within the plasma space between and near red blood cells. Similar Po2 gradients were also detected in arterioles and venules. Mean Po2 values for arterioles, capillaries, and venules over the 0.5-s observation period were 27 +/- 5, 14 +/- 2, and 11 +/- 3 (SD) mmHg, respectively. The magnitude of the Po2 gradient in the arterioles, capillaries, and venules was 6 +/- 1, 4 +/- 1, and 2 +/- 1 mmHg/micron, respectively.
Recognizing encephalopathy and delirium in the cardiopulmonary rehabilitation setting.

Objective This article reviews the prevalence, underlying mechanisms, and challenges of treating encephalopathy and delirium in the postsurgical and medically compromised cardiopulmonary patient receiving services on an acute inpatient rehabilitation unit. Additionally, pertinent information is provided on conducting an evaluation to assess for neurocognitive sequelae of the above-mentioned conditions to help achieve better treatment outcomes. Method Review of the medical and neuropsychology literature is provided along with 2 case reports to illustrate evaluation of a persisting toxic-metabolic encephalopathy and a resolving delirium and the treatment team's effectiveness in producing a more optimal treatment outcome. The unique role of the rehabilitation psychologist, special treatment considerations, and the importance of integrated follow-up neurorehabilitation services for the cardiopulmonary patient and caregivers also are emphasized. Results Encephalopathy and delirium are 2 related, but somewhat different, conditions that can emerge postoperatively, any time during acute care hospitalization, and often enough, during impatient or subacute-care rehabilitation. Their association with long-term harm and poor outcome warrant early identification and immediate medical intervention. Implications Encephalopathy and delirium can significantly affect rehabilitation outcomes and, as such, rehabilitation psychologists are encouraged to systematically screen for the presence of delirium and encephalopathy in the cardiopulmonary rehabilitation setting so to enhance treatment efficacy and quality of life in affected individuals.
Demography and Evolutionary Ecology of Hadza Hunter-Gatherers

The Hadza, an ethnic group indigenous to northern Tanzania, are one of the few remaining hunter-gatherer populations. Archaeology shows 130,000 years of hunting and gathering in their land but Hadza are rapidly losing areas vital to their way of life. This book offers a unique opportunity to capture a disappearing lifestyle. Blurton Jones interweaves data from ecology, demography and evolutionary ecology to present a comprehensive analysis of the Hadza foragers. Discussion centres on expansion of the adaptationist perspective beyond topics customarily studied in human behavioural ecology, to interpret a wider range of anthropological concepts. Analysing behavioural aspects, with a specific focus on relationships and their wider impact on the population, this book reports the demographic consequences of different patterns of marriage and the availability of helpers such as husbands, children, and grandmothers. Essential for researchers and graduate students alike, this book will challenge preconceptions of human sociobiology.
Comparison of IPSS and IPSS-R Scoring in a Population Based Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Study

Abstract Abstract 3841 Introduction: The International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) has recently been revised (IPSS-R) to capture more inclusive cytogenetic characterization, more stringent blast description, and more detailed cytopenia assignments. To validate the IPSS-R in a prospective cohort of patients, we compared IPSS and IPSS-R categorization within a group of newly diagnosed MDS patients in a prospective population-based epidemiologic study in Minnesota. Methods: We identified all newly diagnosed MDS cases in Minnesota between the ages of 20 and 85 years from April 1, 2010 to April 2012. Our process includes rapid case identification by the Minnesota Cancer Surveillance System (MCSS), patient contact and enrollment, central medical review including: 1) independent review by two hematopathologists to confirm diagnosis and WHO subclassification; 2) independent cytogeneticist's review for classification as defined by IPSS and IPSS-R; and 3) medical chart review with prospective calculation of IPSS, IPSS-R, and WPSS by a an oncologist. Results: Classification of the 128 patients by IPSS versus IPSS-R is shown ( Table ) IPSS-R dx Total Very Low Low Intermediate High Very High IPSS dx Low 16 19 1 0 0 36 INT-1 4 10 13 8 0 35 INT-2 0 0 8 17 25 50 High 0 0 0 0 7 7 Total 20 29 22 25 32 128 Kendall's Tau = 0.77 In this comparative classification, IPSS-R scoring refined the MDS prognostic risk groups. Low IPSS remained low risk in the IPSS-R spanning the Very Low and Low groups, while all high risk IPSS remained in the Very High risk group in the IPSS-R. However, those in the INT-1 and INT-2 IPSS categories were inconsistently reclassified in the IPSS-R. INT-1 IPSS spanned from Very Low to High and INT-2 IPSS spanned from Intermediate to Very High in the IPSS-R. While reclassification of this prospective cohort resembles results in the IPSS-R reports, ongoing follow-up will be needed to determine if the survival and AML progression measures are reproducible. Conclusion: Until molecular data are available to refine future prognostic scoring systems, the IPSS-R enhances our prognostic risk stratification abilities and is applicable to the general MDS population. As treatment decisions are based on this initial prognostic risk assessment, the more diverse differentiation of risk within the IPSS-R will directly refine prognosis and impact decisions on therapy. Disclosures: Miller: Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Coronado Bioscience: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
A COTS-Style Acquisition Strategy for Human Exploration Beyond LEO

The Evolvable Mars Campaign presents a long term strategy for NASA's Journey to Mars within a capability driven framework. By comparing each element to a set of criteria, this paper reviews the potential of acquiring those capabilities using a strategy similar to the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program. The paper presents the criteria, assesses the elements against those criteria, and then discusses the suitability of each element to being developed using this acquisition strategy. Throughout the campaign, certain capabilities are well suited to being developed in this manner while others are not. This assessment is a snapshot in time, and should be revisited as the campaign and/or commercial capabilities change. This paper will explore each of these elements in the campaign and discuss how the COTS development andacquisition strategy could or could not be applied to those elements. This assessment will be based on theservices or functionality required in the campaign, and will use the best practices discussed above to create acase for or against a COTS-style acquisition strategy for each given element.
Development and Characterization of 15 Polymorphic Dinucleotide Microsatellite Markers for Tule Elk Using HiSeq3000

The tule elk (Cervus elaphus nannodes) experienced a severe bottleneck in the 1800s, resulting in low genetic diversity. There is a need for high-resolution genetic assays that can be used to differentiate individual elk, including close relatives, with high confidence. An efficient assay requires multiple markers both polymorphic and that can be amplified in concert with other markers in multiplex reactions. To develop such markers, we employed 150-bp paired-end whole genome shotgun sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq3000 platform to discover dinucleotide microsatellite markers. After preliminary screening of these markers, we selected and screened 15 candidate loci and 5 existing tetra nucleotide markers in 56 tule elk. We combined these markers in 2 multiplex reactions and report primer concentrations and PCR conditions enabling their efficient amplification.
MRI and Infantile-Onset Leukoencephalopathy

Researchers at VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam and other international centers reviewed the MRIs of >3000 patients with an unclassified leukoencephalopathy, and 7 patients (3 male) shared similar MRI abnormalities and clinical and laboratory finding
Fabrication and characterization of advanced through glass via interconnects

Abstract This work presents the fabrication process, electrical characteristics, and circuit model of through glass via (TGV) structures consisting of TGV holes with each diameter of 100 μm and different conductors including copper and composite in the frequency range of 300 kHz to 20 GHz. The Cu/NiFe superlattice metaconductors in combination with high-quality glass (Corning SGW3) are intended to reduce radio-frequency losses especially in 10 GHz and above for next generation communication applications such as 5G communications. The measured results of the copper structure are compared to simulated results. Superlattice metaconductor results will be presented. Based on the simulation and measurement results, a circuit model is demonstrated.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of 3µm mid-wave infrared laser using InGaAsSb/AlInAsSb quantum well structure

We report the experimental results of growth and characterization of InGaAsSb/AlInAsSb quantum well laser structure. The epitaxial structure was grown using molecular beam epitaxy system on GaSb substrate and characterized using a 2µm pump source. We observed 3.1µm laser emission at 200K and 2.98µm laser emission near 100K.
Direct observation of self-energy signatures of the resonant collective mode in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 +δ

Here, we use high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study the resonant, collective excitation mode in the superconducting state of Bi2212. By collecting very high-quality data we found noteworthy features in the self-energy in the antinodal region, where the interaction of electrons with the mode is the strongest. This interaction leads to a pronounced peak in the scattering rate and we demonstrate that this feature is directly responsible for the well-known peak-dip-hump structure in cuprates. By studying how the weight of this peak changes with temperature we unequivocally demonstrate that interaction of electrons with the resonant mode in cuprates vanishes at Tc and is very much localized in the momentum space close to the antinode. These findings present a consistent picture of line shape and self-energy signatures of the electron-boson coupling in cuprates and resolve long-standing controversy surrounding this issue. The momentum dependence of the strength of electron-mode interaction enables development of quantitative theory of this phenomenon in cuprates.
Analysis of an adjustable field permanent magnet solenoid

Abstract A feasibility study has been performed on an adjustable-field permanent magnet (PM) solenoid concept in an effort to reduce the dependence that linear induction accelerators have on large direct current power supplies and associated cooling systems. The concept relies on the ability to reorient sections of the PMs and thus redirect their magnetization vector to either add to or subtract from the on-axis magnetic field. This study concentrated on the focal strengths and emittance growths for two different designs, both with 19 cm bore diameters extending 53 cm in length. The first design is expected to produce peak magnetic fields ranging from 260 to 900 G (0.026 to 0.09 T) while the second design is expected to produce peak magnetic fields ranging from 580 to 2100 G (0.058 to 0.21 T). Although the PM configuration generates a variable magnetic field and the torques acting on PMs within the assembly appear manageable, the emittance growth is larger than that of a DC solenoid.
Bridging the gap between deep learning and sparse matrix format selection

This work presents a systematic exploration on the promise and special challenges of deep learning for sparse matrix format selection---a problem of determining the best storage format for a matrix to maximize the performance of Sparse Matrix Vector Multiplication (SpMV). It describes how to effectively bridge the gap between deep learning and the special needs of the pillar HPC problem through a set of techniques on matrix representations, deep learning structure, and cross-architecture model migrations. The new solution cuts format selection errors by two thirds, and improves SpMV performance by 1.73X on average over the state of the art.
Internal Divides: The White House, State Department, and the Athens Embassy

While many accounts of US foreign policy—particularly with respect to US involvement in Greece—speak as if it was uniform and consistent, the truth is more nuanced. In this chapter, we explore the differences that emerged within the Johnson and Nixon administrations with respect to Greece. While some parts of these administrations (particularly the State Department) wished to apply more pressure on the Greek regime to democratize—both as a matter of principle, but also as a means of fending off domestic and international criticism—others (especially the ambassador in Athens and, later, Henry Kissinger and his National Security Council team) advocated an approach centered on strategic political and military support for Greece, keeping any criticism of the undemocratic regime muted and private. This chapter explores these differences and how the policy of strategic support and muted criticism came to prevail.
WHAT SHOULD NOT BE IN THE ALGEBRA AND GEOMETRY CURRICULA OF AVERAGE COLLEGE-BOUND STUDENTS?

Arguing against topics already in the curriculum?what this article tries to do? is certain to arouse emotions. Every topic in the curriculum is beloved by some mathematicians or mathematics teachers. If there were not such a constituency, how would the topic have become standard in the first place? We see today how difficult it is it to change practice. Every topic entered the curriculum at some time with what were, for that time, compelling reasons for its inclusion.
Integrated Sensing Biosystems

Providing real time biological system information can provide many benefits for both patients and medical practitioners. There is a variety of health issues that could be better understood as a result of information availability, as opposed to reliance on a patient’s description of pathology. Additionally, treatment courses can be implemented as a result of the information contributions attributed to wireless implantable devices, including brain-computer interfaces (BCI), brain-machine interfaces (BMI), and brain-network interfaces (BNI). Envisioning such a network of wireless implantable devices raises a number of important issues, one of them being compatibility on several levels within and between devices. In creating a network of sensor nodes, it is important to maintain information quality by reducing the number of error occurrences as well as providing a secure and stable platform in which data can travel freely. It is therefore proposed that the network as a whole should be robust to include a number of selected redundant sensors within the network and be properly shielded from outside disturbances that would introduce noise into the system. This paper will provide a brief investigation into possible routes that can be taken towards the understanding and design of such a network as well as an examination of the various bio-implantable sensor and brain interface technologies that are available to date. While there currently are many wireless bio-implantable sensor platforms [1, 2] there are very few, if any, networked biosystem applications. It is the goal of this study to create a network that is secure, reliable, and scalable. Such a network would provide adequate expandability to future sensors and application areas.
Carcinoma of the prostate: Diagnosis and staging

No simple screening test for prostatic cancer (CaP) is yet available. Likewise, in most cases, accurate staging requires surgical exploration to determine nodal metastases although there are no data to support the concept that pelvic lymphadenectomy cures nodal disease. Future developments which may significantly alter our ability to diagnose and stage CaP include hybridoma techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance and positron imaging tomography.
Corneal crosslinking without epithelial removal.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of riboflavin–ultraviolet (UV)-A corneal crosslinking (CXL) without epithelial removal on ectatic corneal disease. Setting Woolfson Eye Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Design Prospective observational study. Methods Patients were treated with a new riboflavin formulation without epithelial removal, then exposed to UV light (365 nm) at 4 mW/cm2 with on-off cycling for 30 minutes. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, maximum corneal curvature (maximum keratometry [Kmax]), total higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and coma were measured at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Progression was defined as an increase of more than 1 diopter (D) in Kmax and loss of more than 1 line of CDVA. Results Five hundred twelve eyes of 308 patients with keratoconus or forme fruste keratoconus and 80 eyes of 55 patients with ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) were treated with the new riboflavin formulation without epithelial removal; 229 patients received bilateral treatments, 95 of which were simultaneous. The mean UDVA and CDVA improved by 1 to 1.5 Snellen lines at 1 and 2 years postoperatively (P Conclusion Epithelium-on CXL using this new protocol halted the progression of keratoconus and ectasia after LASIK. It was safer and provided more rapid visual recovery than CXL with epithelial removal, allowing routine bilateral, simultaneous treatment.
Adjuvant 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in women with history-indicated cerclage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there are additional benefits of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) supplementation in preventing recurrent spontaneous preterm birth in women with a prophylactic cerclage. MATERIAL AND METHODS Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, PROSPERO, EMBASE, Scielo and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for studies published before June 2018. Keywords included "preterm birth", "prophylactic cerclage", "history-indicated cerclage", "pregnancy" and "17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate". Studies comparing history-indicated cerclage alone with cerclage+17-OHPC were included. The primary outcome measure was preterm birth at <24 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcome measures include preterm birth at <28 weeks, <32 weeks and <37 weeks of gestation, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, fetal birthweight, neonatal intensive care unit stay, mean gestational age at delivery, fetal/neonatal death, neurological morbidity (intraventricular hemorrhage plus periventricular leukomalacia), neonatal sepsis and a composite of severe neonatal morbidity. Severe neonatal morbidity was defined as a composite measure of periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular hemorrhage (grades III and IV), necrotizing enterocolitis or respiratory distress syndrome. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model of DerSimonian and Laird. Risk of bias and quality assessment were performed using the ROBINS-I and GRADE tools, respectively. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42018094559. RESULTS Five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Of the 546 women, 357 (75%) received history-indicated cerclage alone and 189 (35%) received adjuvant 17-OHPC. The composite endpoint, severe neonatal morbidity, was present in 84 of 1515 neonates. Though there was a trend toward a reduced risk of preterm birth, the summary estimate of effect was not statistically significant when comparing cerclage alone with cerclage+17-OHPC at <24 weeks (relative risk [RR] .86, 95% confidence interval [CI] .45-1.65). Similarly, we found no differences in preterm birth at <37 weeks (RR .90, 95% CI .70-1.17) and <28 weeks (RR .85, 95% CI .54-1.32) when comparing cerclage alone with cerclage+17-OHPC. There were no differences in fetal birthweight, respiratory distress syndrome or necrotizing enterocolitis comparing cerclage alone with cerclage+17-OHPC. CONCLUSIONS Intramuscular 17-OHPC in combination with prophylactic cerclage in women with prior preterm birth had no synergistic effect in reducing spontaneous recurrent preterm birth or improving perinatal outcomes.
Long-term simulated runoff and water quality from grain cropping systems on restrictive layer soils

Abstract Evaluation of the sustainability of grain production systems requires knowledge of long-term crop yields, and edge-of-field runoff volumes and water quality. When measured data are limited, computer simulation models —calibrated and validated with the available data— are well suited for this type of inquiry. In this study, the Agricultural Policy Environmental Extender (APEX) model was used to investigate how management affects crop yields, runoff volume, and water quality on claypan soils. Specific objectives were to determine the ability of APEX to simulate the variability of corn and soybean yields on claypan soils and the transport of dissolved-phase atrazine and nutrients via surface runoff; and how management affects long-term runoff and associated loss of these constituents. In spite of satisfactory model performance for corn yields and acceptable relative differences for soybean yields, the model was not capable of simulating the effects of management or landscape position on crop yields. Model performance was very good for runoff, and mostly satisfactory for dissolved constituents. Long-term simulation along with uncertainty analysis indicated that a no-till 3-year corn-soybean-wheat rotation with cover crops provides the most benefits to water quality by reducing nutrient transport in runoff. This system appeared to mitigate the negative effects of no-till on the surface transport of non-incorporated dissolved chemicals because of improved fertilizer management in terms of rate, placement, and timing of application. Cover crops appeared to reduce nitrate leaching compared to a 2-year no-till system. This research highlights the need for further research in crop growth modeling as inconsistent crop yield results undermine the usefulness of the model for making recommendations about management. Overall, the long-term simulations support the concept of multiple practices addressing tillage, fertilizer management, longer crop rotations, and use of cover crops to achieve desired environmental and production goals.
Fe2O3 as an efficient filler in PVDF-HFP based polymeric electrolyte for dye sensitized solar cell application

Abstract Fe2O3 was synthesized by chemical precipitation method and used as filler in PVDF-HFP based polymer electrolyte for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. The plasticized polymer membrane was developed by simple solution casting method with incorporation of Fe2O3 where propylene carbonate was used as plasticizing agent. Structural confirmation of synthesized Fe2O3 powder and crystallinity studies prepared polymer membrane with different weight% of Fe2O3 was studied by the X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier transform infrared studies of polymer membrane are done to study nature of polymer. Fe2O3 incorporated PVDF-HFP based polymer electrolyte showed ionic conductivity of 6.36 × 10−4 S/cm and diffusion coefficient was found to be 1.02 × 10−6 cm2/s. Furthermore, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis has been done to study interfacial resistance. The prepared polymer electrolyte (2 wt% filler in PVDF-HFP based) was used in DSSC fabrication, where calculated power conversion efficiency was 3.62% with the enhancement of 2.1 times when compared to pure PVDF-HFP electrolyte. The photocurrent stability of the device under several light on-off cycles is proved via chronoamperometry study. In addition, variation of power conversion efficiencies as a function of time has also been analyzed.
Strategies for overcoming language barriers in research.

Aim This paper seeks to describe best practices for conducting cross-language research with individuals who have a language barrier. Design Discussion paper. Data sources Research methods papers addressing cross-language research issues published between 2000-2017. Implications for nursing Rigorous cross-language research involves the appropriate use of interpreters during the research process, systematic planning for how to address the language barrier between participant and researcher and the use of reliably and validly translated survey instruments (when applicable). Biases rooted in those who enter data into "big data" systems may influence data quality and analytic approaches in large observational studies focused on linking patient language preference to health outcomes. Conclusion Cross-language research methods can help ensure that those individuals with language barriers have their voices contributing to the evidence informing healthcare practice and policies that shape health services implementation and financing. Understanding the inherent conscious and unconscious biases of those conducting research with this population and how this may emerge in research studies is also an important part of producing rigorous, reliable, and valid cross-language research. Impact This study synthesized methodological recommendations for cross-language research studies with the goal to improve the quality of future research and expand the evidence-base for clinical practice. Clear methodological recommendations were generated that can improve research rigor and quality of cross-language qualitative and quantitative studies. The recommendations generated here have the potential to have an impact on the health and well-being of migrants around the world.
Inclusion Illusion: Questioning the Inclusiveness of Integrated Physical Education

ABSTRACTGlobally, integrated school placements as well as inclusion as an education philosophy have emerged as influential trends in education over the past 30 years. Although used interchangeably ...
Examining the effects of microencapsulated phase change materials on early-age temperature evolutions in realistic pavement geometries

Abstract This study examines experimentally and numerically the effects of microencapsulated phase change material (PCM) additions on temperature rise and cool-down rate, and the associated impact on reducing the risk of thermal cracking in concrete pavements. Specimens representative of a realistic pavement geometry were exposed to diurnal temperature cycling at early ages while internal temperature evolutions were monitored. In spite of the fact that the lower thermal conductivity of the PCM inhibited heat dissipation, the results showed the presence of PCMs can reduce considerably the temperature rise and cool-down rate in the first 24 h following placement provided the PCM melting temperature is chosen suitably. A transient one-dimensional thermal model of a pavement section suitably captured experimental temperature evolutions and thereby offers the ability to inform the design of concrete pavements containing PCMs that feature early-age thermal cracking resistance.
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α is essential for cardiac fibroblast survival

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)α is required in developing cardiac fibroblasts, but a functional role in adult, quiescent fibroblasts has not been identified. Here, we demonstrate t...
Aspergillosis in Humans and Animals

Aspergillosis is a one-health infectious disease caused by fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus, a group of ubiquitous saprophytes recovered from a variety of substrates in the environment. Aspergillus species cause a wide range of diseases in human and various animal species, including acute, chronic, noninvasive localized infections, fatal disseminated diseases, as well as allergic reactions. There are more than 250 validly described species in the genus Aspergillus based on polyphasic taxonomy, and they are subdivided into 22 distinct sections. Species identification of Aspergillus species can be challenging. A two-step approach has been suggested for molecular identification of Aspergillus species in the clinical setting. The first step is to sequence ITS, the barcoding marker for the identification to the intersection level, followed by sequencing of partial β-tubulin for individual species identification within the sections. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS)-based strategy has also shown promising results to discriminate the intra-section level of clinically relevant species of Aspergillus, including the non-fumigatus “cryptic” species.
Cardiovascular Health and Outcomes in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Whether cardiovascular (CV) disease is associated with clinical outcomes in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy is unknown. We reviewed the Mayo Clinic database for all cancer patients who received an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, survival analyses, and Cox proportional-hazards models were formulated. Between March, 2010 and July, 2019, 3,326 patients received ICI. Mean patient age was 63.5 years (range: 16 to 96 years). In a Cox proportional-hazards model, obesity (hazard ratio [HR] 0.65, 95% confidence level [CI] 0.55 to 0.77, p < 0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.89, p < 0.001) were associated with lower all-cause mortality while hypertension (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.49, p < 0.001) and smoking (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.29, p = 0.002) were associated with higher overall mortality. Among patients with lung cancer, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for death from any cause for beta blocker users, as compared with patients who had never used a beta blocker, were 1.39 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.76, p = 0.006). A total of 80 patients (2.4%) experienced CV immune-related adverse events. Event-related morality for ICI-induced myocarditis was 41.7% (5/12). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for ICI-induced myocarditis were 5.2 (95% CI 1.4 to 18.7, p = 0.01) for history of heart failure, 4.06 (95% CI 1.15 to 14.3, p = 0.03) for history of acute coronary syndrome, and 1.07 (per each 1-year increase, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14, p = 0.02) for age. In conclusion, our study shows that CV factors are associated with clinical outcomes in cancer patients receiving ICI and could be used to predict mortality. In patients with lung cancer, pretreatment beta blocker use is associated with higher all-cause mortality. Three clinical factors-history of heart failure, history of acute coronary syndrome, and age greater than 80 years-help identify patients at higher risk of ICI-induced myocarditis who might benefit from more intensive cardiac surveillance.
Emotion Dysregulation and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo as Moderators of Cortisol Responsivity in Children with ADHD

Despite substantial theoretical and empirical work examining the relation between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cortisol response, mixed results across studies suggest there are potential moderators in this link that have been previously unexplored. Emotion dysregulation (ED) and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) commonly co-occur with ADHD, with one another, and have yet to be included together in investigations exploring this relation. The current study examined the moderating effects of ED and SCT on the relation between symptoms of ADHD and cortisol response. Salivary cortisol response after participation in a novel social group was examined in 102 children (Mage = 8.75 years, 69.6% male), approximately half with ADHD. A significant three-way interaction of ADHD, ED, and SCT on cortisol response (p = .014) indicated the strongest association between ADHD and cortisol response when ED and SCT were low (p = .047), with children low in ADHD showing greater cortisol response in the presence of elevated ED (p = .033) or SCT (p = .021). These findings point to a pattern of cortisol responding that is specific to ADHD symptomatology, possibly indicating attenuated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and demonstrate the effect of ED and SCT on social functioning. Other clinical implications based on the findings across different levels of ADHD, ED, and SCT symptoms are discussed. Future research should seek to explore the mechanisms underlying the different patterns of responding.
Understanding the unique contributions of home numeracy, inhibitory control, the approximate number system, and spontaneous focusing on number for children's math abilities

Math abilities are important predictors of both children's academic achievement and their outcomes in adulthood such as full-time employment and income. Previous work indicates that parenting factors (i.e., parental education, parent math ability, frequency of math activities) relate to children's math performance. Further, research demonstrates that both domain-general (i.e., language skills, inhibitory control) and domain-specific (i.e., approximate number system acuity, tendency to spontaneously focus on number) cognitive predictors are related to math during early childhood. However, work to date has not examined all of these factors together to identify their unique contributions for young children's math abilities. Thus, in the present study we examine whether parent-level and child-level factors uniquely explain children's math abilities. To this end, 112 four-year-old children and one of their parents completed a battery of assessments and questionnaires. Results indicate that children's math performance is uniquely predicted by the frequency of home math activities reported by the parents, as well as children's own inhibitory control, approximate number system acuity, and tendency to spontaneously focus on number. These parent- and child-level factors provide independent targets for future interventions aimed at improving early math performance.
Multi-fidelity electrochemical modeling of thermally activated battery cells

Abstract Thermally activated batteries undergo a series of coupled physical changes during activation that influence battery performance. These processes include energetic material burning, heat transfer, electrolyte phase change, capillary-driven two-phase porous flow, ion transport, electrochemical reactions, and electrical transport. Several of these processes are strongly coupled and have a significant effect on battery performance, but others have minimal impact or may be suitably represented by reduced-order models. Assessing the relative importance of these phenomena must be based on comparisons to a high-fidelity model including all known processes. In this work, we first present and demonstrate a high-fidelity, multi-physics model of electrochemical performance. This novel multi-physics model enables predictions of how competing physical processes affect battery performance and provides unique insights into the difficult-to-measure processes that happen during battery activation. We introduce four categories of model fidelity that include different physical simplifications, assumptions, and reduced-order models to decouple or remove costly elements of the simulation. Using this approach, we show an order-of-magnitude reduction in computational cost while preserving all design-relevant quantities of interest within 5 percent. The validity of this approach and these model reductions is demonstrated by comparison between results from the full fidelity model and the different reduced models.
Triangle-Based Tripartite Graph Clustering

A tripartite graph is three bipartite graphs between three vertex classes. In applications, it is three binary relationships between three sets of entities. The abundance of triangles in an otherwise sparse tripartite graph indicates that it is far from random and there are dense spots or clusters worth illuminating. Triangles in a tripartite graph form a graph by sharing edges. This triangle graph has some specific properties that make its clustering quite different from general graph clustering. In this work, we describe mode seeking in the triangle graph, based on a number of reasonable local density measures. Many of the properties and strategies for tripartite graphs described in this work extend to k-partite graphs including bipartite graphs.
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is a one kiloton heavy water Cherenkov detector sensitive to the flavor content of the 8 B neutrinos from the sun. Results from the first two phases of SNO, the pure D 2 O phase and the salt phase, show evidence for neutrino flavor change as the solution to the solar neutrino problem. SNO is now entering its third phase of operation in which 3 He proportional counters have been deployed inside the D 2 O.
Combination therapy with onasemnogene and risdiplam in spinal muscular atrophy type 1.

Introduction/aims There are currently three medications approved for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), but the use of these medications in combination has not been well described. Methods This is a retrospective report of four cases of SMA treated with dual onasemnogene and risdiplam therapy at our institution. Results Following onasemnogene therapy, all four patients experienced a perceived plateau of therapeutic benefit, at which time daily risdiplam was started. Transient fatigue and weakness was seen in two patients following risdiplam initiation, but this resolved within 1 mo. One patient was hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and post-viral pneumonia, weeks following risdiplam initiation. No other adverse effects related to onasemnogene and risdiplam combination therapy were identified and all patients experienced objective and subjective improvement. Discussion Combination therapy with onasemnogene and risdiplam in patients with SMA appears to be well-tolerated. Further large prospective trials are needed to determine whether dual therapy is more efficacious than monotherapy, and to identify rare adverse events that may occur with the use of combination therapy.
The Typographic Imagination: Reading and Writing in Japan’s Age of Modern Print Media

A tension runs through Nathan Shockey’s well-researched book of essays on the topic of the medial transition to print culture; it is this: does the value of print material lie within its semantic content or within its market value? Although at several points the book refers to this as a dialectic as though each side of the tension were in equal balance, ultimately Shockey is more concerned with the latter notion of books and print as media objects in the world rather than as conveyors of meaning. This is evidenced by the preponderance of instances in which he highlights that reading does not matter and where writing (in the sense of the noun not the gerund) does or simply is matter.