cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of wall temperature spatial variations on aerodynamic heating to an actively cooled aircraft

The design of cooled skin panels, which requires consideration of many parameters such as heat load, skin thickness, panel size, tube spacing, tube size, temperature limits, coolant flow, etc., must minimize weight and thermal stresses. A design procedure for such panels has been developed by Bell Aerospace Company (Helenbrook and Anthony, 1971). This design procedure assumes a uniform heating rate to the panel, i.e., the variation of aerodynamic heating rate due to the cyclic wall temperature distribution, which results from the discrete coolant tube locations in such a panel, has been neglected. This study was made to determine if these variations were sufficiently large to cause variations in aerodynamic heating rate which would require coupling of boundary layer and conductive thermal analysis solutions.
External and internal work of a T-6 paraplegic propelling a wheelchair and arm cranking a cycle ergometer : case study

In this, the International Year of the Disabled, attention is directed among other areas toward rehabilitation and sports participation of wheelchair users. As an application of movement analysis in medicine and rehabilitation and as an application of sports research using biomechanics, this investigation was performed to compare the results of two methods of gathering data on the stress of wheelchair propelling at equivalent work loads and to account for differences in physiological responses with a mechanical analysis of wheelchair propelling. Physiological data collected were heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and rate-pressure product. A biomechanical cinematography analysis was used to determine external work in wheelchair propelling and to determine the extent to which modifications in segment actionsoccurred during increasing magnitude of work. A cycle ergometer was adjusted to replicate external work loads performed during wheelchair propelling. A t-test of equivalent external work loads indicated that heart rate was not different between the two exercise modes at the .05 level of significance. The t-test did indicate a significant difference in systolic blood pressure and rate-pressure product at the .05 level of significance. The biomechanical analysis of wheelchair propelling established that an increase in external work was accomplished by a decrease in the range of motion and an increase in the speed of movement. During cycle ergometry the range and speed of movement remained the same while resistance was increased. Results of the study established that while heart rate for equivalent external work loads was the same for wheelchair propelling and arm cranking cycle ergometry, systolic blood pressure and rate-pressure product were not the same. The suggestion was that some means of propelling a wheelchair other than that which is con-sidered "standard" might be considered which produces less stressful responses in wheelchair users.
Craniofacial ontogeny in Centrosaurus apertus

Centrosaurus apertus, a large bodied ceratopsid from the Late Cretaceous of North America, is one of the most common fossils recovered from the Belly River Group. This fossil record shows a wide diversity in morphology and size, with specimens ranging from putative juveniles to fully-grown individuals. The goal of this study was to reconstruct the ontogenetic changes that occur in the craniofacial skeleton of C. apertus through a quantitative cladistic analysis. Forty-seven cranial specimens were independently coded in separate data matrices for 80 hypothetical multistate growth characters and 130 hypothetical binary growth characters. Both analyses yielded the max-limit of 100,000 most parsimonious saved trees and the strict consensus collapsed into large polytomies. In order to reduce conflict resulting from missing data, fragmentary individuals were removed and the analyses were rerun. Among both the complete and the reduced data sets the multistate analyses recovered a shorter tree with a higher consistency index (CI) than the additive binary data sets. The arrangement within the trees shows a progression of specimens with a recurved nasal horn in the least mature individuals, followed by specimens with straight nasal horns in relatively more mature individuals, and finally specimens with procurved nasal horns in the most mature individuals. The most mature individuals are further characterized by the reduction of the cranial horn ornamentations in late growth stages, a trait that similarly occurs in the growth of other dinosaurs. Bone textural changes were found to be sufficient proxies for relative maturity in individuals that have not reached adult size. Additionally, frill length is congruent with relative maturity status and makes an acceptable proxy for ontogenetic status, especially in smaller individuals. In adult-sized individuals, the fusion of the epiparietals and episquamosals and the orientation of the nasal horn are the best indicators of relative maturity. This study recovers no clear evidence for sexually specific display structures or size dimorphism in C. apertus.
Residual gas in closed systems-II: generation and reduction of the gas from the source materials

Abstract The amounts and compositions of residual gases formed in sealed ampoules loaded with different sources (elements and II–VI and IV–VI compounds) were investigated. A given source was subjected to a series of heat treatments, with intermediate measurements and removal of the gas accumulated in the system. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of the underlying thermochemical and kinetic phenomena and practical limitations to reducing the amount of residual gases in sealed ampoules.
The Escape of Light Gases from Planetary Atmospheres

Abstract The Jeans-Spitzer treatment of atmospheric escape by evaporation must be supplemented, for a mixture of gases, by a discussion of the mutual diffusion and mixing of the components. A recent description for the atmosphere of Titan is here applied to other objects. A range of conditions is found (corresponding to easy escape) in which the escape flux is determined by diffusion, and a simple expression is given for the flux. The state of hydrodynamic blowoff of the light gas is included, and is found to be orderly, not “chaotic” normally, the heavier gases are not carried along. For the present Earth, the flux of hydrogen is obtained within a factor of 2 from the H2O mixing ratio in the stratosphere. The Spitzer description applies to helium: the loss rate is determined by the exospheric temperature, not by diffusion. However, diffusion-limited flow could prevail during occasional periods at 2000K; if most of the helium loss is at such times, equal time constants for He4 and He3 would follow automat...
Integration of laboratory experiments in the chemical engineering curriculum using a distributed control system

In this article we describe our experience in integration of the chemical engineering unit operations laboratory using an industrial distributed control system (DCS). We discuss the positive effect that the new control and data acquisition technology has on our curriculum, and outline some directions for the future. Examples of the students' projects that essentially rely on the DCS are also given. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 6: 157–167, 1998
Synthesis and reactivity of nitro sugar-derived silyl nitronates

Abstract Silyl nitronates are readily generated from carbohydrates containing a nitromethyl group; these nitronates participate in F − -catalyzed nitroaldol reactions with aldehydes provided that the nucleophilic carbon atom is sufficiently remote from the cyclic carbohydrate moiety.
Electronic structure of grain boundaries.

We report the first application of the recently developed real-space multiple-scattering theory to the calculation of the local density of states (DOS) at metallic grain boundaries. Our method treats properly the semi-infiite nature of the material on either side of the boundary. We exhibit and compare local DOS's at selected sites for both unrelaxed and relaxed \ensuremath{\Sigma}5(100) 36.9\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} twist and \ensuremath{\Sigma}5(310) tilt grain boundaries in Cu, where the atomic coordinates of the relaxed configurations were obtained with the Embedded Atom Method.
A note on the complexity of minimum latency data aggregation scheduling with uniform power in physical interference model

In this paper we prove that the Minimum Latency Aggregation Scheduling (MLAS) problem in the Signal-to-Interference-Noise-Ratio (SINR) model is APX-hard in the uniform power model.
Improved accuracy of EPR dosimetry using a constant rotation goniometer

Grains of sufficiently small diameter will theoretically result in an isotropic EPR response which is independent of sample orientation. In practice, use of such small grains may present problems of altered sensitivity and newly induced paramagnetic centers. Additionally, the effect of anisotropy is increased with increasing microwave power. This places limits on the effectiveness of the differential power method which allows determination of cumulative dose without the need for a zero background signal. The use of a constant rotation goniometer reduces the effect of anisotropy, making measurements at all microwave powers, and particularly the higher powers, significantly more accurate. Since the organic and the mineralized components of the EPR signal are both effected by anisotropy, this procedure may well result in reduced limits of detection.
Aqueous environments on contemporary Mars

If Mars evolved from a warm, wet, and biologically active planet to the cold desert conditions we observe today, then the last remnants of life would certainly have adapted to extreme tundra-like conditions. Such adaptation might take the form of an ability to thrive in occasional summer meltwater pools, or even the ability to subtly modify its environment to encourage the formation and persistence of such pools. Surprisingly, recent evidence of ubiquitous gullies and seeps at high latitudes suggest that such seasonal melting may have persisted even to the present day. Calculations presented here give additional credence to that suggestion by demonstrating that water is sufficiently metastable to form seasonally recurring meltwater pools under thin crusts of ice on present-day Mars. Moreover, the simplest of biological mechanisms, by affecting evaporative cooling rates and emissivity, could both encourage and prolong the lifetime of such pools.
Comparison of Decontamination Efficacy of Antimicrobial Treatments for Beef Trimmings against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and 6 Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Serogroups

UNLABELLED The decontamination efficacy of 6 chemical treatments for beef trimmings were evaluated against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and 6 non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (nSTEC) serogroups. Rifampicin-resistant 4-strain mixtures of E. coli O157:H7 and nSTEC serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 were separately inoculated (3 to 4 log CFU/cm(2)) onto trimmings (10 × 5 × 1 cm; approximately 100 g) fabricated from beef chuck rolls, and were immersed for 30 s in solutions of acidified sodium chlorite (0.1%, pH 2.5), peroxyacetic acid (0.02%, pH 3.8), sodium metasilicate (4%, pH 12.5), Bromitize(®) Plus (0.0225% active bromine, pH 6.6), or AFTEC 3000 (pH 1.2), or for 5 s in SYNTRx 3300 (pH 1.0). Each antimicrobial was tested independently together with an untreated control. Results showed that all tested decontamination treatments were similarly effective against the 6 nSTEC serogroups as they were against E. coli O157:H7. Irrespective of pathogen inoculum, treatment of beef trimmings with acidified sodium chlorite, peroxyacetic acid, or sodium metasilicate effectively (P < 0.05) reduced initial pathogen counts (3.4 to 3.9 log CFU/cm(2)) by 0.7 to 1.0, 0.6 to 1.0, and 1.3 to 1.5 log CFU/cm(2), respectively. Reductions of pathogen counts (3.1 to 3.2 log CFU/cm(2)) by Bromitize Plus, AFTEC 3000, and SYNTRx 3300 were 0.1 to 0.4 log CFU/cm(2), depending on treatment. Findings of this study should be useful to regulatory authorities and the meat industry as they consider nSTEC contamination in beef trimmings. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Findings of this study should be useful to: (i) meat processors as they design and conduct studies to validate the efficacy of antimicrobial treatments to control pathogen contamination on fresh beef products; and (ii) regulatory agencies as they consider approaches for better control of the studied pathogens.
Practical aspects of nutritional support for wound-healing patients

Nutrition and metabolic support of acutely and chronically ill patients is an emerging branch of medicine that has direct applicability to wound healing. The occurrence of pressure ulcers is associated with malnutrition, as well as specific micronutrient deficiencies. A comprehensive approach is reviewed that involves nutritional assessment, selection of an appropriate route for nutrition support (enteral versus parenteral), prioritizing nitrogen retention over energy balance in stressed patients, micronutrient management, and incorporation of specialized nutritional pharmacologic interventions.
Vortex state in a doped Mott insulator

We analyze the recent vortex core spectroscopy data on cuprate superconductors and discuss what can be learned from them about the nature of the ground state in these compounds. We argue that the data are inconsistent with the assumption of a simple metallic ground state and exhibit characteristics of a doped Mott insulator. A theory of the vortex core in such a doped Mott insulator is developed based on the $U(1)$ gauge-field slave boson model. In the limit of vanishing gauge-field stiffness such a theory predicts two types of singly quantized vortices: an insulating ``holon'' vortex in the underdoped and a metallic ``spinon'' vortex in the overdoped region of the phase diagram. We argue that the holon vortex exhibits a pseudogap excitation spectrum in its core qualitatively consistent with the existing experimental data on ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}.$ As a test of this theory we propose that the spinon vortex with a metallic core might be observable in the heavily overdoped samples.
Antiproliferative Effects of 9-P-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine in a Mammalian Cell Line Devoid of Adenosine Deaminase Activity

The antiviral drug arabinosyladenine inhibited cellular growth and DNA synthesis in an adenosine deaminase-negative cell line (B-mix K-44/6). Use of adenosine deaminase-containing calf serum in the culture medium reversed the drug-induced inhibition and resulted in a recovery of both mitosis and the rate of DNA synthesis.
Detection and Tracking of Moving Objects from Overlapping EO and IR Sensors

We present an approach for tracking moving objects observed by EO and IR sensors on a moving platform. Our approach detects and tracks the moving objects after accurately recovering the geometric relationship between different sensors. We address the tracking problem by separately modeling the appearance and motion of the moving regions using stochastic models. The appearance of the detected blobs is described by multiple spatial distribution models of blobs' colors and edges from different sensors. This representation is invariant to 2D rigid and scale transformation. It provides a rich description of the object being tracked and produces an accurate blob similarity measure for tracking - especially when one of sensors fails to provide reliable information. The motion model is obtained using a Kalman Filter (KF) process, which predicts the position of the moving objects while taking into account the camera motion. Tracking is performed by the maximization of a joint probability model reflecting appearance and motion. The novelty of our approach consists in defining a Joint Probability Data Association Filter (JPDAF) for integrating multiple cues from multiple sensors, It provides an unified framework for fusing information from different types of sensors. The proposed method tracks multiple moving objects with partial and total occlusions under various illumination conditions. We demonstrate the performance of the system on several real video surveillance sequences.
Distributed communication paradigm for wireless community networks

Distributed computing has been widely embraced as a cost-effective means of performing compute-intensive tasks by pooling the computational resources of collaborating systems. We envision the emergence of an analogous approach to communication resource sharing which we call distributed communication. Distributed communication enables sharing a set of relatively low-speed WAN channels emanating from communities of multi-homed devices interconnected with a highspeed wireless LAN. We envisage opportunities to aggregate cellular links from spontaneously formed ad hoc groups of mobile devices, as well as broadband access links (e.g., DSL) from neighboring residences. But, will individuals be willing to share bandwidth as easily as they share bits? A prototype system that we have constructed convinces us that the technical challenges of distributed communication can be overcome. And there appears to be no other means of satisfying the growing demand for access bandwidth as quickly and as cheaply.
Effect of fill factor and validation of characterizing the degree of mixing in polymer nanocomposites

Polymer nanocomposites have been studied extensively, but few references mention the importance of processing and how to characterize the degree of mixing. In this work, we report the influence of fill factor on the degree of mixing and thermal properties for a nanocomposite system consisting of alumina nanoparticles in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) prepared in a batch mixer. The degree of mixing for the resultant polymeric nanocomposites was quantified by three different techniques; TEM particle density, Morisita's index, and skewness. All of these methods quantify the degree of mixing based on the number of the particles in selected areas of TEM images using image analysis software. TEM particle density and skewness gave similar results, with a maximum in the degree of mixing around a fill factor of 0.70, while Morisita's index displayed a constant increase in degree of mixing with increasing fill factor. Tg was depressed by the filler and with increasing degree of mixing. The depression of Tg in the composite was maximized at a fill factor of 0.70, confirming that the analysis of TEM particle density and skewness are valid techniques to assess the degree of mixing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:2049–2056, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Amygdala reactivity and negative emotionality: divergent correlates of antisocial personality and psychopathy traits in a community sample

Previous studies have emphasized that antisocial personality disorder (APD) and psychopathy overlap highly but differ critically in several features, notably negative emotionality (NEM) and possibly amygdala reactivity to social signals of threat and distress. Here we examined whether dimensions of psychopathy and APD correlate differentially with NEM and amygdala reactivity to emotional faces. Testing these relationships among healthy individuals, dimensions of psychopathy and APD were generated by the profile matching technique of Lynam and Widiger (2001), using facet scales of the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, and amygdala reactivity was measured using a well-established emotional faces task, in a community sample of 103 men and women. Higher psychopathy scores were associated with lower NEM and lower amygdala reactivity, whereas higher APD scores were related to greater NEM and greater amygdala reactivity, but only after overlapping variance in APD and psychopathy was adjusted for in the statistical model. Amygdala reactivity did not mediate the relationship of APD and psychopathy scores to NEM. Supplemental analyses also compared other measures of factors within psychopathy in predicting NEM and amygdala reactivity and found that Factor 2 psychopathy was positively related to NEM and amygdala reactivity across measures of psychopathy. The overall findings replicate seminal observations on NEM in psychopathy by Hicks and Patrick (2006) and extend this work to neuroimaging in a normative population. They also suggest that one critical way in which APD and psychopathy dimensions may differ in their etiology is through their opposing levels of NEM and amygdala reactivity to threat.
Ground mobility systems for planetary exploration

Surveys past and current designs of surface mobility systems for planetary exploration robots developed at JPL/Caltech. Wheeled rovers are discussed in some detail and compared to new designs, such as legged and hopping robots, which are emerging as viable alternatives to wheeled mobility for specific applications. The paper discusses the main features of mobility designs and summarizes some of the experimental results.
Reconfigurable network testbed for evaluation of datacenter topologies

Software-defined networking combined with distributed and parallel applications has the potential to deliver optimized application performance at runtime. In order to investigate this enhancement and design future implementation, a datacenter with a programmable topology integrated with application state is needed. Towards this goal, we introduce the Flow Optimized Route Configuration Engine (FORCE). The FORCE is an emulated datacenter testbed with a programmable interconnection controlled by an SDN controller. We also utilize Hadoop as a case study of distributed and parallel applications along with a simulated Hadoop shuffle traffic generator. The testbed provides initial experimental evidence of support to our hypothesis for future SDN research. Our experiments on the testbed show a difference in application runtime a factor of over 2.5 times on shuffle traffic for Hadoop MapReduce jobs and the potential for significant speedup in warehouse scale data centers.
Incidence of nanoscale heterogeneity on the nanoindentation of a semicrystalline polymer: Experiments and modeling

The nanoindentation of semicrystalline polyamide 6 (PA6) specimens was evaluated by atomic force microscopy with an extremely sharp diamond tip whose apex was nominally less than 10 nm in radius. Nanoindentation was performed under dry and wet conditions on PA6 samples injection-molded at different melt temperatures. The bulk Young’s modulus of dry PA6 was found to be in good agreement with the literature, thereby confirming the experimental approach developed in this study. A major finding is the observation of sudden increases in force during the loading portion of the experimental load–displacement curves, which occurred regardless of water absorption. We also found some irregularity in the pile-up morphology around the indents, linked to the heterogeneous nature of the deformation in PA6. Finite element analysis was used to elucidate the phenomenon of force discontinuity by independently considering the variations in elasticity, yield stress and friction coefficient of the crystalline lamellar aggregates in PA6. It is shown that force discontinuities in nanoindented PA6 result from local differences in yield phenomena at the lamellar level. The present investigation sheds some light on the importance of mechanical heterogeneity emerging from contact interactions between an extremely sharp tip and the nanoscale morphology of semicrystalline polymers.
Multi-domain sketch understanding

People use sketches to express and record their ideas in many domains, including mechanical engineering, software design, and information architecture. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in sketch-based user interfaces, but the problem of robust free-sketch recognition remains largely unsolved. Current computer sketch recognition systems are difficult to construct, and either are fragile or accomplish robustness by severely limiting the designer's drawing freedom. This work explores the challenges of multi-domain sketch recognition. We present a general framework and implemented system, called SketchREAD , for diagrammatic sketch recognition. Our system can be applied to a variety of domains by providing structural descriptions of the shapes in the domain. Robustness to the ambiguity and uncertainty inherent in complex, freely-drawn sketches is achieved through the use of context. Our approach uses context to guide the search for possible interpretations and uses a novel form of dynamically constructed Bayesian networks to evaluate these interpretations. This process allows the system to recover from low-level recognition errors (e.g., a line misclassified as an arc) that would otherwise result in domain level recognition errors. We evaluated SketchREAD on real sketches in two domains—family trees and circuit diagrams—and found that in both domains the use of context to reclassify low-level shapes significantly reduced recognition error over a baseline system that did not reinterpret low-level classifications. We discuss remaining challenges for multi-domain sketch recognition revealed by our evaluation. Finally, we explore the system's potential role in sketch-based user interfaces from a human computer interaction perspective. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Solving total least-squares problems in information retrieval

Abstract The singular value decomposition (SVD) is a well-known theoretical and numerical tool used in numerous scientific and engineering applications. Recently, an interesting nonlinear generalization of the SVD, referred to as the Riemannian SVD (R-SVD), has been proposed by De Moor for applications in systems and control. This decomposition can be modified and used to formulate an enhanced implementation of latent semantic indexing (LSI) for conceptual information retrieval. LSI is an SVD-based conceptual retrieval technique and employs a rank-reduced model of the original (sparse) term-by-document matrix. Updating LSI models based on user feedback can be accomplished using constraints modeled by the R-SVD of a low-rank approximation to the original term-by-document matrix. In this work, a new algorithm for computing the R-SVD is described. When used to update an LSI model, this R-SVD algorithm can be a highly effective information filtering technique. Experiments demonstrate that a 20% improvement (in retrieval) over the current LSI model is possible.
Dav: a humanoid robot platform for autonomous mental development

A humanoid robot, called Dav, was developed at Michigan State University as a testbed for experimental investigations into autonomous mental development. This general-purpose humanoid platform consists of a total of 43 degrees of freedom (DOF), including a drive base, torso, arms, hands, neck and head. The body may support a wide array of locomotive and manipulative behaviors. For perception, Dav is equipped with a variety of sensing systems, including visual, auditory and haptic sensors. Its computational resources are totally on-board, including quadruple Pentium III+ PowerPCs, large memory and storage, networks, and a long-sustention power supply. We discuss major design issues of a developmental humanoid and the design characteristics of the Dav robot in this paper.
Noninvasive Biomonitoring Approaches to Determine Dosimetry and Risk Following Acute Chemical Exposure: Analysis of Lead or Organophosphate Insecticide in Saliva

There is a need to develop approaches for assessing risk associated with acute exposures to a broad range of metals and chemical agents and to rapidly determine the potential implications to human health. Noninvasive biomonitoring approaches are being developed using reliable portable analytical systems to quantitate dosimetry utilizing readily obtainable body fluids, such as saliva. Saliva has been used to evaluate a broad range of biomarkers, drugs, and environmental contaminants, including heavy metals and pesticides. To advance the application of noninvasive biomonitoring a microfluidic/electrochemical device has also been developed for the analysis of lead (Pb), using square-wave anodic stripping voltametry. The system demonstrates a linear response over a broad concentration range (1–2000 ppb) and is capable of quantitating saliva Pb in rats orally administered acute doses of Pb acetate. Appropriate pharma-cokinetic analyses have been used to quantitate systemic dosimetry based on determination of s...
Electron dense chains and clusters in human platelets

Human platelets contain dense organelles that serve as storage sites for adenine nucleotides and serotonin. They also contain calcium and phosphate responsible for the opacity of dense bodies in the electron microscope. The present study has shown that there are also bead-like structures and clusters of beads that are electron opaque when viewed by the whole mount technique. Their origin and function are not known. However, their presence might interfere with the accuracy of imaging techniques currently being used to measure the number and volume of dense bodies in patients with platelet storage pool deficiency.
Antennal Sensilla of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Parasitoid of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an effective idiobiont ectoparasitoid of the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), vector of the huanglongbing (citrus greening disease) pathogen. We examined the external and functional morphology of the antennal sensilla of adult male and female T. radiata by using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, to gain insights into the behavioral ecology of this parasitoid. The geniculate antennae of male and female T. radiata were composed of a long scapula-shaped scape with a basal radicula, a barrel-shaped pedicel, and a long flagellum with a basal ring-like annulus. Five morphologically distinct sensilla, including two types of aporous trichoid sensilla (AST-1 and AST-2), one multiporous trichoid sensillum (MST), one multiporous placoid sensillum (MPS), and one aporous basiconic capitate peg sensillum were identified on the antennae of both sexes. The antennal structures of T. radiata were sexually dimorphic. Male antennae consisted of four funicular flagellomeres and possessed a greater number of olfactory MST than female antennae, suggesting their possible function in perception of mate-related volatile cues. Female antennae were characterized by three funicular flagellomeres and a greater number of MPS than male antennae, suggesting their possible function in the perception of host-related volatile cues. The results are discussed in relation to plausible roles of the identified sensilla in mate and host location by this important parasitoid species.
Gratia: New Challenges in Grid Accounting.

Gratia originated as an accounting system for batch systems and Linux process accounting. In production since 2006 at FNAL, it was adopted by the Open Science Grid as a distributed, grid-wide accounting system in 2007. Since adoption Gratia's next challenge has been to adapt to an explosive increase in data volume and to handle several new categories of accounting data. Gratia now accounts for regular grid jobs, file transfers, glide-in jobs, and the state of grid services. We show that Gratia gives access to a thorough picture of the OSG and discuss the complexity caused by newer grid techniques such as pilot jobs, job forwarding, and backfill.
Shape from texture using the Wigner distribution

Abstract This paper presents a method for estimating the orientation of a textured surface as a descriptor of surface shape. It is based on the analysis of local spectral information of the texture in an image. The local spectrum representation is computed by the two-dimensional Wigner distribution, which gives the spatial-frequency information as a function of location. The change in texture density, or the so-called texture gradient , caused by the perspective projection of a surface in the three-dimensional world onto the two-dimensional image plane, is computed from this space-frequency representation by measuring the high frequency energy distribution at each location of the image. The surface orientation is then estimated from the texture gradient. This method was implemented for the limited case of planar surfaces. Simulations were performed and results were analyzed to address issues related to the method's estimation accuracy, implementation, and limitations.
Toward a general theory of group decision making: development of an integrated model

This article presents a conceptual model of the group decision-making process that identifies the essential factors and processes that impact upon group decisions. The article attempts to integrate...
International Law and the Angry Superpower

UNA AMPLIA EMPATIA A RAIZ DE LOS ACONTECIMIENTOS DEL 11 DE SEPTIEMBRE, AL IGUAL QUE UNA GRAN PREOCUPACION POR EL TERRORISMO, HA HECHO POSIBLE PARA ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA (EUA) EL ASEGURAR EL TAN BUSCADO OBJETIVO DE UNA EXTENSION DEL DERECHO A LA LEGITIMA DEFENSA, DERECHO BIEN ESTABLECIDO EN LA COSTUMBRE INTERNACIONAL, PARA INCLUIR RESPUESTAS MILITARES CONTRA AQUELLOS ESTADOS QUE APOYAN O DAN REFUGIO A GRUPOS TERRORISTAS. HABIENDO ALCANZADO ESE OBJETIVO, EUA PUEDE AHORA INTENTAR DESARROLLAR UN DERECHO PREVENTIVO A LA LEGITIMA DEFENSA. ES POSIBLE TAMBIEN, INDICA EL AUTOR, QUE EN VEZ DE BUSCAR UN CAMBIO EN LAS REGLAS EXISTENTES, EUA ESTE INTENTANDO CREAR REGLAS NUEVAS O REGLAS DE EXCEPCION PARA ELLOS UNICAMENTE. EL AUTOR NOS ADVIERTE QUE EL EXITO EN EL CAMBIO DE REGLAS DEL DERECHO CONSUETUDINARIO INTERNACIONAL AL IGUAL QUE DEL DESARROLLO DE REGLAS DE EXCEPCION, DEPENDERA DE LAS RESPUESTAS DE OTROS PAISES A TALES ACCIONES.
Time-bubbles of nationalism: dynamics of solidarity ritual in lived time†

The growth of modern nationalism can be attributed to structural causes, especially the growth of the strong bureaucratic state that penetrates society, creating cultural uniformity and national identity. But structurally based nationalism need not be very intense, or constant; even when institutionalised in periodic formal rituals, it can be routine, low in emotion – even boring. We need to explain sudden upsurges in popular nationalism, but also their persistence and fading in medium-length periods of time. Nationalist surges are connected with geopolitical rises and falls in the power-prestige of states: strong and expanding states absorb smaller particularistic identities into a prestigious whole; weaker and defeated states suffer delegitimation of the dominant nationality and fragment in sudden upsurges of localising nationalities. Passing from macro-patterns to micro-sociological mechanisms, conflict producing solidarity is a key mechanism: dramatic events focus widespread attention and assemble crowds into spontaneous ‘natural rituals’ – mass-participation interaction rituals, as distinct from formal rituals. Evidence from public assemblies and the display of national symbols following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 (9/11) shows an intense period of three months, then gradual return to normal internal divisions by around six months. Spontaneous rituals of national solidarity are produced not only by external conflict but by internal uprisings, where an emotional upsurge of national identity is used to legitimate insurgent crowds and discredit regimes. Although participants experience momentary feelings of historic shifts, conflict-mobilised national solidarity lives in a 3–6-month time-bubble, and needs to institutionalise its successes rapidly to have long-term effects.
Lateness, Timeliness, and Elegy: Philip Roth's Dying Animal on Film

Isabel Coixet's 2008 adaptation of Philip Roth's Dying Animal (2001) signals in its title, Elegy, the conceptual divergence of the film from its source. Roth's title expresses the inescapable reality of the mortal body, its desires, decay, and disappearance; Coixet turns from the dying body to the literary form that contains grief within a stately ritual. If The Dying Animal plays to nihilism and irony, Elegy, using apparently the same material, plays to the reparative process of mourning. The adaptation represents a shift not only in medium and interpretation but also in genre and style: from narcissism, emotional exile, and thwarted confession to compassionate love and consolatory elegy, from what Edward W. Said called “late style” to its antithesis, “timeliness.” Closely reading each text's presentation of perspective and closure and elements of the film's style, including mise-en-scene, sound track, camera work, and montage, the essay argues that Roth and Coixet roughly match genre to ideological style: late style inscribes the failed confession in the novel, while timeliness rewrites the film as an elegy.
Service Process Composition with QoS and Monitoring Agent Cost Parameters

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) provides a flexible paradigm to dynamically compose service processes from individual services. The flexibility, on the other hand, makes it necessary to monitor and manage service behaviors at runtime for performance assurance. One solution is to deploy software monitoring agents. In this paper, we present an approach to consider agent cost at process composition by selecting services with lower monitoring costs. We propose two algorithms to perform service selection with agent cost. IGA is able to achieve efficient service selection and bounded agent cost by modeling the problem as the weighted set covering (WSC) problem. We also study a heuristic algorithm to estimate the agent cost as part of the service utility function. The execution time of heuristic algorithm is shorter than IGA. On the other hand, the agent cost may not be consistently minimized using heuristic algorithms.
A randomized comparison of high-dose versus conventional-dose cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a phase III trial of the Southeastern Cancer Study Group.

To assess the effect of dose escalation in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), 298 patients with extensive-stage disease were treated with either conventional-dose cyclophosphamide (1,000 mg/m2), doxorubicin (40 mg/m2), and vincristine (1 mg/m2), (CDCAV); or high-dose cyclophosphamide (1,200 mg/m2), doxorubicin (70 mg/m2), and vincristine (1 mg/m2) (HDCAV). No dose attenuation was allowed during the initial three cycles of therapy in either treatment arm. All patients received CDCAV in cycles 4 through 6, during which time dosages were adjusted according to granulocyte and platelet nadirs. No additional chemotherapy was administered until disease progression or relapse was documented. Complete responses were more frequent with HDCAV (22% v 12%; P = .045). However, overall response rate (63% v 53%) and median survival (29.3 v 34.7 weeks) were not significantly different (P greater than .05). HDCAV was substantially more toxic than CDCAV, causing more episodes of life-threatening leukopenia (ie, granulocytes less than 500/microL; 79% v 40%; P less than .05) and infections (15% v 4%; P less than .05). Dose intensification of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin during induction chemotherapy did not produce any survival benefit compared with conventional dosages of these agents in SCLC patients with extensive-stage disease.
Cell Morphology and the Cytoskeleton

Development of multicellular organisms can be viewed as an expression of infor-mation encoded in the nuclear genome to provide instructions for the synthe-sis of cell-and tissue-specific proteins. These proteins assemble into structures that allow the differentiated cell to perform its specialized functions. Specific cellular morphologies are as varied as their functions. The span of morphologies expressed by animal cells is astounding, ranging from the simple, spherical shape of the unperturbed lymphocytes to the spinal cord motor neuron which may extend meters in length. The morphology of differentiated cells is not necessarily static, since many cells are capable of radically altering their morphology according to changing conditions in their environment that require them to carry out different functions at different times. For example, neutrophils that circulate as spherical cells in the blood can, in response to signals produced by local tissue inflammation, adopt an “ameboid” migratory configuration to crawl between the lining cells of blood vessels, and home in on the site of inflammation. There they can reorganize their structure yet again to become phagocytic cells (1). The role and dynamics of morphology are not limited to cells of multicellular organisms. The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, responds to mating pheromone by extending a mating projection and by a rearrangement of its cytoskeleton and secretory apparatus (2). Such examples clearly demonstrate that cellular behavior is dependent on cell morphology, and that morphology is both dynamic and responsive to extracellular signals. These morphological changes are not limited to specialized cell functions. Many cells in the organism retain the ability to undergo cell division, often under the influence of signals from their environment or from other cells. This division involves massive internal morphological rearrangements.
Src defines a new pool of EGFR substrates.

The mechanisms guiding the substrate specificity of kinases are still poorly understood. Two recent reports provide further insights into how the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase recognizes targets by identifying a new consensus motif that requires a Src-mediated priming phosphorylation.
Analyzing the Time-Varying Stock Market Risk-Return Relation

We analyze the stock market risk-return relation over the period from 1927 to 2005. We empirically implement the Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM) using a cross-section of stock and bond portfolios, and allow for the market price of risk to be time-varying. We show that including bond portfolios in the estimation not only significantly changes the time-series estimates of the market price of risk, but also makes the correlation between conditional stock-market variance and the variance component of expected market return positive.
Nuclear Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Versus Stress Echocardiography in the Preoperative Evaluation of Patients for Kidney Transplantation

The goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and appropriate use of SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (SMPI) versus stress echocardiography in the preoperative evaluation of patients for kidney transplantation. Methods: A single-institution, retrospective study was performed. SMPI was performed with regadenoson and stress echocardiography predominantly with dobutamine. Findings on subsequent coronary angiography were correlated. A cost analysis for SMPI versus stress echocardiography was modeled using reimbursements from the Center for Medicare Services. Results: One hundred thirteen patients underwent imaging (53 SMPI and 60 stress echocardiography). One hundred percent of SMPI studies were diagnostic, compared with only 80% (48/60) in the stress echocardiography group, and this result was statistically significant (χ2 = 7.96, P
Transferable potentials for phase equilibria. 10. Explicit-hydrogen description of substituted benzenes and polycyclic aromatic compounds.

The explicit-hydrogen version of the transferable potentials for phase equilibria (TraPPE-EH) force field is extended to various substituted benzenes through the parametrization of the exocyclic groups —F, —Cl, —Br, —C≡N, and —OH and to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through the parametrization of the aromatic linker carbon atom for multiple rings. The linker carbon together with the TraPPE-EH parameters for aromatic heterocycles constitutes a force field for fused-ring heterocycles. Configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations in the Gibbs ensemble were carried out to compute vapor–liquid coexistence curves for fluorobenzene; chlorobenzene; bromobenzene; di-, tri-, and hexachlorobenzene isomers; 2-chlorofuran; 2-chlorothiophene; benzonitrile; phenol; dihydroxybenzene isomers; 1,4-benzoquinone; naphthalene; naphthalene-2-carbonitrile; naphthalen-2-ol; quinoline; benzo[b]thiophene; benzo[c]thiophene; benzoxazole; benzisoxazole; benzimidazole; benzothiazole; indole; isoindole; indazole; purine; anthracene...
RESISTANT CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.

Resistant congestive heart failure implies that the usual measures of treatment are not controlling the symptoms, but that response to treatment is still possible. In patients with this condition, the physician must review the diagnosis and treatment carefully, and should consider the possibility of unrecognized treatable or associated or complicating conditions. The simple, time-tested measures of increased rest, adequate restriction of sodium, proper dosage of digitalis, and the use of diuretics result in a good response in most patients.
Same-Sex Marriage: A Human Right? American View v. European View

In our modern societies, the concept of marriage is far from what it was in ancient human history. Over time, the notion of marriage has been regulated as a union between a man and a woman, making it a legal institution. However it is an Illusion to think that banning marriages of a certain type can make those unions cease to exist. It does exist but in a non-official way. Both the United States and Europe rally for human rights and both are symbols of equality in the world.In this paper, the current issue of the recognition of same-sex marriage between Europe and the United States, in a comparative law approach, will be examined, as from a debate to an overview of a gradated recognition. It will be suggested future marriage as a new approach of human right, from a traditional institution to keys of a challenged recognition.
The U nfair Sentencing Act: Racial Disparities and Fiscal Consequences of America's Drug Laws

In 1986, the United States government attempted to combat the perceived war on drugs by enacting mandatory drug laws, with a primary focus on incarcerating crack offenders. The result of this was a mass influx of African Americans to US penitentiaries and minimal to zero reduction of crack convictions. Because the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 recognized 100 grams of cocaine as equivalent to one gram of crack, it has been perceived not as a war on drugs, but as a war on a war on minorities. The mass incarceration of drug offenders also led to severely damaging fiscal consequences that were forced onto the nation’s taxpayers. In November 2010, President Obama signed the Fair Sentencing Act, which decreased the imbalanced ratio of 100:1 to 18:1. The Fair Sentencing Act, named by the United States government, is still unfair. Until Congress and the Sentencing Commission agree that one gram of cocaine is equivalent to one gram of crack, justice has not been served.
Ligands Slow Down Pure-Dephasing in Semiconductor Quantum Dots.

It is well-known experimentally and theoretically that surface ligands provide additional pathways for energy relaxation in colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). They increase the rate of inelastic charge-phonon scattering and provide trap sites for the charges. We show that, surprisingly, ligands have the opposite effect on elastic electron–phonon scattering. Our simulations demonstrate that elastic scattering slows down in CdSe QDs passivated with ligands compared to that in bare QDs. As a result, the pure-dephasing time is increased, and the homogeneous luminescence line width is decreased in the presence of ligands. The lifetime of quantum superpositions of single and multiple excitons increases as well, providing favorable conditions for multiple excitons generation (MEG). Ligands reduce the pure-dephasing rates by decreasing phonon-induced fluctuations of the electronic energy levels. Surface atoms are most mobile in QDs, and therefore, they contribute greatly to the electronic energy fluctuat...
Using Brief Assessments of Important Indicators to Inform School-Based Interventions and Practice:

Despite having a large number of readily available measures with strong psychometric properties, schools face barriers in implementing many of these tools. One logical candidate to explain limited ...