cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
978-P: Omnipod Personalized MPC Algorithm at Target Glucose of 110mg/dl Is Safe in Adults and Adolescents without Increasing Risk of Hypoglycemia

Customization of glucose targets in hybrid closed-loop (HCL) systems is important to enable tailored glucose management and safe onboarding across a wide range of users. The safety and performance of the Omnipod HCL personalized model predictive control (MPC) algorithm were assessed with a lower target of 110mg/dL for the first time in those aged 12-85y with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and A1C A 96-h HCL study was conducted in a supervised free-living hotel setting with challenges including 2 missed meal boluses, high fat dinner, and daily exercise. All participants used a 120mg/dL target for 48h, with either a day/night target of 150/110 mg/dL (n=10) or a constant 110mg/dL target (n=10) for the remaining 48h. Participants (n=20) were (mean±SD): age 17.9±4.4y, T1D duration 9.0±5.4y, and A1C 7.6±0.9%. Despite 2 missed meal boluses (23-162g CHO), percent time from 70-180mg/dL was 76.1±14.9% and 72.9±9.2% with targets of 110 and 120mg/dL respectively (Table). Percent time The Omnipod personalized MPC algorithm performed well and was safe in adults and adolescents with T1D when tested at a target of 110mg/dL, even when stress-tested under challenging conditions. This algorithm is being evaluated in an at-home pivotal study with targets 110-150mg/dL. Disclosure G.P. Forlenza: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic. Consultant; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care. Research Support; Self; Abbott, Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care. B.A. Buckingham: Advisory Panel; Self; ConvaTec Inc., Medtronic. Research Support; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care. J. Sherr: Advisory Panel; Self; Bigfoot Biomedical, Cecelia Health. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic, Sanofi, T1D Exchange. R. Wadwa: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, MannKind Corporation, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care. A. Galderisi: None. L. Ekhlaspour: None. C. Berget: None. L. Hsu: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care. M. Zgorski: None. J. Lee: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. J.B. OConnor: None. B. Dumais: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. T. Vienneau: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Insulet Corporation. L.M. Huyett: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. T.T. Ly: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. Funding Insulet Corporation
Evaluation of the efficacy of commercial protective cultures against mold and yeast in queso fresco

ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of 3 commercial protective cultures designated PC1 (Lactobacillus spp.), PC2 (Lactobacillus rhamnosus), and PC3 (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) as biopreservatives in queso fresco (QF) against 9 yeast strains (Candida zeylanoides, Clavispora lusitaniae, Debaryomyces hansenii, Debaryomyces prosopidis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Pichia fermentans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Torulaspora delbrueckii) and 11 mold strains (Aspergillus cibarius, Aureobasidium pullulans, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium commune, Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium roqueforti, Mucor genevensis, Mucor racemosus, Phoma dimorpha, and Trichoderma amazonicum). All fungal spoilage strains were previously isolated from dairy processing environments. A positive control (C) with no protective culture was included. Fungal spoilage organisms were inoculated on cheese surfaces at an inoculum level of 20 cfu/g, and cheeses were stored at 6 ± 2°C throughout the study. For yeast enumeration, cheeses were sampled on d 0, 7, 14, and 21 postinoculation. Significant inhibition was detected for each yeast strain by comparing yeast counts for each cheese treated with protective culture against the control cheese using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction performed individually at d 7, 14, and 21 postinoculation. Mold growth was visually observed and imaged weekly through 70 d postinoculation. Whereas PC3 inhibited Cl. lusitaniae, Mey. guilliermondii, and Ph. dimorpha, PC2 inhibited the outgrowth of Cl. lusitaniae, D. hansenii, and Ph. dimorpha. Protective culture 1 had the broadest spectrum of efficacy across yeast and molds, delaying spoilage caused by 4 distinct yeast strains (Cl. lusitaniae, D. hansenii, D. prosopidis, and Mey. guilliermondii), and inhibiting visible growth of 2 mold strains (P. chrysogenum and Ph. dimorpha). Results demonstrated that commercial protective cultures vary in performance, as indicated by the breadth of mold and yeast inhibition at both the genus and species level. This study suggests that manufacturers looking into using protective cultures should investigate their efficacy against specific fungal strains of concern.
Do Connexin Mutants Cause Cataracts by Perturbing Glutathione Levels and Redox Metabolism in the Lens

Cataracts of many different etiologies are associated with oxidation of lens components. The lens is protected by maintenance of a pool of reduced glutathione (GSH) and other antioxidants. Because gap junction channels made of the lens connexins, Cx46 and Cx50, are permeable to GSH, we tested whether mice expressing two different mutants, Cx46fs380 and Cx50D47A, cause cataracts by impairing lens glutathione metabolism and facilitating oxidative damage. Levels of GSH were not reduced in homogenates of whole mutant lenses. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the GSSG/GSH ratio were increased in whole lenses of Cx50D47A, but not Cx46fs380 mice. The GSSG/GSH ratio was increased in the lens nucleus (but not cortex) of Cx46fs380 mice at 4.5 months of age, but it was not altered in younger animals. Carbonylated proteins were increased in Cx50D47A, but not Cx46fs380 lenses. Thus, both mouse lines have oxidizing lens environments, but oxidative modification is greater in Cx50D47A than in Cx46fs380 mice. The results suggest that GSH permeation through lens connexin channels is not a critical early event in cataract formation in these mice. Moreover, because oxidative damage was only detected in animals with significant cataracts, it cannot be an early event in their cataractogenesis.
Re-visiting the diastereoselectivity of organocatalytic conjugate addition of 2-trimethylsiloxyfuran to trans-crotonaldehyde

Abstract We describe the re-assignment of configuration previously ascribed to product diastereomers resultant from imidazolidinone-catalyzed conjugate addition of 2-trimethylsiloxyfuran to trans-crotonaldehyde. A modified procedure that uses a diphenylprolinol catalyst was subsequently developed to selectively provide the ‘syn’ diastereomeric product in high enantiomeric excess on decagram scales.
Qualities of an Effective Group Leader in Type A Counseling

I have had 19 years of experience in the selection of dozens of group leaders and subsequent observation of their effectiveness in modifying TAB. From this experience, it has been possible to observe the qualities possessed by those persons who achieved the greatest modification of TAB in the participants of their groups. These qualities are described below.
Interganglionic axonal transport of neuropeptides in Aplysia

The transport of neuropeptides between central ganglia was studied in Aplysia. Peptide transport was determined by incubating ganglia with 35S-methionine and measuring the appearance of labeled peptides in connected ganglia. Selected interganglionic connectives were left intact and passed through a diffusion barrier separating the ganglia. Labeled peptides transported between ganglia included FMRFamide, myomodulin, and pedal peptide. Each of these peptides has been shown to be physiologically active in Aplysia. In addition to these previously characterized neuropeptides, a number of other as yet uncharacterized labeled peptides were also transported. All the peptides were transported by fast axonal transport as judged by the distance transported and/or the sensitivity to colchicine. Overall, FMRFamide and several unidentified peptides were the predominant transported peptides. However, the nature and amount of the peptides transported differed for each ganglia. These results support the proposition that the labeled peptides have transmitterlike actions and suggest that there are a number of neuropeptides that are likely to have central actions that have not yet been characterized in Aplysia.
Advances in technology-based engineering education

Summary form only given. Multimedia modules and computer-based education methods provide valuable resources to boost interest in engineering education and enhance the ability to effectively teach and conceptually learn engineering subjects. The use of modern technologies provides opportunities to combine visualization of complex mathematical and abstract subjects with experiences with visual laboratories and the ability to make measurements using virtual instruments. The development of guided use of simulation software, and the possibility of experiencing virtual participation in practical applications, are also among the many advantages of multimedia-based education. In this article, the features of some of the multimedia CD-ROM products developed by the CAEME Center for Multimedia Education and Technology are demonstrated and preliminary results from controlled assessment experiments illustrating the advantages of multimedia-based teaching are discussed. Some emphasis is placed on the electromagnetics (EM) CD ROM which include topics covering a two semesters introductory course in EM.
Ultrasound combined with electrodiagnosis improves lesion localization and outcome in posterior interosseous neuropathy.

Introduction: Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) syndrome is a rare compression neuropathy. Electrodiagnostic studies (EDx) combined with neuromuscular ultrasound (US) enable precise lesion localization and may improve patient outcome. Methods: In 4 patients with finger extension weakness, US was used to accurately localize concentric electromyographic (EMG) needle placement in PIN muscles and to visualize the lesion site. Results: EMG with US guidance showed decreased recruitment with abnormal configuration in PIN muscles. Active denervation was not always observed. US scanning demonstrated larger PIN diameter in the affected arm. All patients had surgical intervention to confirm EDx and US findings and had improved outcome on follow-up. Conclusion: These cases demonstrate the benefits of augmenting EDx with US by guiding accurate electrode localization and providing diagnostic information about lesion location. Muscle Nerve, 2015
Experimental Study for Propane Injection in Gasoline Engines

To study the effect of propane injection on gasoline fueled passenger vehicles fuel economy and cost saving the concept of a modular partial injection system was developed. The injection system was designed with the ability to be fitted in any gasoline fueled vehicle. The Control of the propane injection module was assembled with two stage system of regulators for coarse and fine adjustment of the propane flow to the engine. A digital manometer was used to adjust the pressure across the needle valve. The developed modular system was sealed and housed in a control box mounted to the side of the propane supply tank. The developed system was then fitted in a passenger vehicle and road tested for efficiency and cost savings.In this paper, the design and development criteria in addition to the physical build of the modular propane injection system will be presented. Also, the fuel economy and cost saving from the road test results will be discussed.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Early detection and treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

BACKGROUND The neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can rapidly lead to severe loss of central vision and adversely affect the patient9s quality of life. During the 1990s the only proven treatment for neovascular AMD was laser photocoagulation. Only a minority of patients are eligible to receive this treatment, however, and the treatment itself can cause acute retinal damage with immediate vision loss. Verteporfin therapy is a new treatment option involving photodynamic therapy that was recently shown to be relatively safe and effective in reducing the risk of vision loss in selected cases. METHODS Recent literature was reviewed on management of choroidal neovascularization caused by AMD that proved beneficial in large-scale randomized clinical trials. These studies were selected through a MEDLINE search of files from 1982 to the present using the keywords "randomized clinical trials," "choroidal neovascularization," and "age-related macular degeneration," as well as through personal knowledge of recently completed trials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Primary care physicians can effect good treatment outcomes by detecting early signs of AMD and educating patients about the necessity of prompt referral to an ophthalmologist. Immediate referral is increasingly important because, compared with laser photocoagulation, current photodynamic therapy with verteporfin is applicable to more patients. Greater patient awareness of neovascular AMD and the importance of self-testing of vision can also be communicated to patients in primary care.
How Institutional Investors Think About Real Estate

Real estate is an increasingly important component in the portfolios of institutional investors. This note discusses the issues these investors must consider when investing in real estate from the legal forms of ownership, to separate or commingled funds, to property type and geography, to broad or focused managers, to leverage, to the timing of investment, and finally, to the compensation paid to both external managers and internal staff.
Effect of V2O5 Doping on the Sintering and Dielectric Properties of M‐Phase Li1+x−yNb1−x−3yTix+4yO3 Ceramics

The effect of the addition of V2O5 on the structure, sintering and dielectric properties of M-phase (Li1+x−yNb1−x−3yTix+4y)O3 ceramics has been investigated. Homogeneous substitution of V5+ for Nb5+ was obtained in LiNb0.6(1−x)V0.6xTi0.5O3 for x≤ 0.02. The addition of V2O5 led to a large reduction in the sintering temperature and samples with x= 0.02 could be fully densified at 900°C. The substitution of vanadia had a relatively minor adverse effect on the microwave dielectric properties of the M-phase system and the x= 0.02 ceramics had [alt epsilon]r= 66, Q×f= 3800 at 5.6 GHz, and τf= 11 ppm/°C. Preliminary investigations suggest that silver metallization does not diffuse into the V2O5-doped M-phase ceramics at 900°C, making these materials potential candidates for low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) applications.
Duplex‐Selective Ruthenium‐Based DNA Intercalators

We report the design and synthesis of small molecules that exhibit enhanced luminescence in the presence of duplex rather than single-stranded DNA. The local environment presented by a well-known [Ru(dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine)L2 ](2+) -based DNA intercalator was modified by functionalizing the bipyridine ligands with esters and carboxylic acids. By systematically varying the number and charge of the pendant groups, it was determined that decreasing the electrostatic interaction between the intercalator and the anionic DNA backbone reduced single-strand interactions and translated to better duplex specificity. In studying this class of complexes, a single Ru(II) complex emerged that selectively luminesces in the presence of duplex DNA with little to no background from interacting with single-stranded DNA. This complex shows promise as a new dye capable of selectively staining double- versus single-stranded DNA in gel electrophoresis, which cannot be done with conventional SYBR dyes.
Speedminton: Using the Tactical Games Model in Secondary Physical Education

(2011). Speedminton: Using the Tactical Games Model in Secondary Physical Education. Strategies: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 26-30.
Acute kidney injury is independently associated with mortality in very low birthweight infants: a matched case–control analysis

The independent impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) on survival in very low birthweight (VLBW; ≤1,500 g) critically ill infants has not been studied. Cases (non-survivors n = 68) were matched to, at most, two controls (survivors n = 127) by incidence density sampling with replacement, birthweight (± 50 g), gestational age (± 1 week), and availability of serum creatinine (SCr) levels before the index patient’s time of death. Maternal/infant demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, complications and interventions were explored. No difference existed between patients and controls in mean gestational age and birthweight (the matching variables), race, or gender. Compared with the controls, cases had younger mothers, less placental separation, fewer occurrences of hyponatremia, more intra-ventricular hemorrhage, and received chest compressions and cardiac drugs. A 1 mg/dl increase in SCr was associated with almost two-times higher odds of death [odds ratio (OR) = 1.94, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.13–3.32]. OR increased when confounding variables were adjusted (adjusted OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.23–9.61). Similarly, a 100% increase in SCr from trough level was associated with an increased OR = 1.53 (95% CI 1.14–2.04) and became stronger, after adjustment of variables (adjusted OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.10–3.27). After confounding variables had been controlled for, AKI was independently associated with mortality in VLBW infants. Further prospective multi-center studies are needed to determine whether this association exists.
Environmental equity in Superfund. Demographics of the discovery and prioritization of abandoned toxic sites.

This article presents findtngs of the first national tract-level analysis of the distribution of residential characteristics, including the percentage of selected minorities and socioeconomically d...
Evaluation of software safety

The features of both probabilistic and nonprobabilistic approaches are considered. Particular emphasis is placed on an approach in which safety verification and analysis are backed up by using software safety design techniques that protect against hazardous states that might result from undetected software faults, including those stemming from flaws in the software requirements specification. >
Degree of difference testing: A new approach incorporating control lot variability

Abstract Degree of difference (DOD) testing is used to detect an overall difference between Test and Control products when the product shows inherent variability due to preparation, production time, multiple components, etc. As introduced by Aust et al. [Aust, L. B., Gacula, Jr., M. C., Beard, S. A., & Washam II, R. W. (1985). Degree of difference test method in sensory evaluation of heterogeneous product types. Journal of Food Science , 50, 511–513], DOD testing involves pairing the Test product and a second lot of Control (C 2 ) to a reference lot of Control (C 1 ), as well as pairing C 1 against itself. This Standard DOD approach may not detect the situation where the Test lot is outside of normal Control lot variability, depending on the Control selected as the reference (C 1 ). This research improves upon the standard DOD method by more effectively incorporating control lot variation (CV). This DOD–CV approach no longer includes the C 1 vs. C 1 pair, which reflects typical, slight variability within serving portions and scale usage. The Test lot is now paired with each of the Control lots to capture significant differences when the Test lot is outside the expected larger variability among Control lots.
Chick tropoelastin. Isolation and partial chemical characterization.

Summary A method is described for the purification of tropoelastin from the aortas of copper-deficient chicks. The final product was suitable for sequencing. The first 35 N-terminal residues are presented. The N-terminal sequence is similar in many respects to the N-terminal sequence of porcine tropoelastin. This segment probably represents one of the extendable regions in mature elastin and contains no lysine.
Chromatin condensation and nucleolar segregation induced in nuclei of parenchymal cells of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles

Abstract When parenchymal cells of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles were chilled in an amphibian cell culture medium at 4 °C for a short period of time, chromatin condensation occurred in the perinucleolar and nuclear membrane regions of the nuclei. If R. catesbeiana tadpoles were prechilled at 4 °C before their liver tissue was chilled in culture medium this effect was accompanied by the distinct segregation of nucleolar regions (‘nucleolar segregation’) into a densely staining fibrillar core surrounded by a generally circular granular area. Less dramatic effects were observed if the chilling was omitted and tissue simply maintained at 24 °C. The effects are interpreted in relation to developmental and cell culture studies underway on R. catesbeiana tissue.
Environmental Profile of Seratella tibialis McDunnough (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) in the Western United States

ABSTRACT Occurrences of nymphs of Seratella tibialis in streams of eleven western states were related to water quality and physical habitat parameters of stream stations. Nymphs were collected from only 182 of 903 stations sampled in nine states; the species was absent from all 50 stations in two other states. Seratella tibialis nymphs occurred mostly at stations with good water quality and stable stream banks. Absence of nymphs has limited predictive value since the distribution of Seratella tibialis was naturally spotty and the species was absent from the majority of stations.
MIRROR WRITING AND HEMIPLEGIA

A survey of 41 hemiplegics in a Rehabilitation Service showed only one case of frank mirror writing by a right-handed patient with right hemiplegia. This proportion is considerably lower than others reported in the literature. The one patient was also dyslexic, which supports Critchley's original hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of mirror writing.
Aquatic vegetation and largemouth bass population responses to water-level variations in Lake Okeechobee, Florida (USA)

A five-year study examined the responses of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), emergent vegetation, and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to variations in water level in a large lake in Florida, USA. SAV was assessed using a combined transect survey/spatial mapping approach, emergent vegetation was quantified with aerial photography and GIS, and bass were surveyed by electro-shocking. During the period leading up to this study (1995–1999), water levels were high in the lake, and the SAV was reduced in spatial extent and biomass, compared to its condition in the early 1990s. Spatial extent of emergent vegetation also was low, and largemouth bass surveys indicated low densities and failure to recruit young fish into the population. This was attributed to the lack of critical vegetative habitat. In spring 2000, the lake was lowered by discharging water from major outlets, and this was followed by a regional drought. Water levels dropped by 1 m, and there was widespread development of Chara lawns in shoreline areas, with coincident increases in water clarity. There was some germination of vascular SAV, but Chara was the extreme dominant, such that structural complexity remained low. There was no substantive improvement in bass recruitment. During 2001, water levels declined further, and emergent plants germinated in exposed areas of the lake bottom. SAV was restricted to sites farther offshore, and continued to be dominated by Chara. There again was no bass response. In 2002, conditions changed when water levels increased to a moderate depth, flooding shoreline habitat to ∼0.5 m. Vascular SAV increased in biomass and spatial extent, such that the community developed a high structural complexity. At the same time, emergent aquatic plants developed dense stands along the western shoreline. Largemouth bass had a strong recruitment of young fish for the first time in 5 years. Recruitment continued to be successful in 2003, when spatial extent of SAV was somewhat reduced by higher water but total biomass and diversity remained high. These results demonstrate an important effect of inter-annual variation in water depth on the population dynamics of aquatic plants and fish in a subtropical lake.
Sulfoconjugation: role in neurotransmitter and secretory protein activity

Abstract A variety of endogenous biogically active substances can undergo sulfate conjugation in vivo . The physiologically consequence of this reaction is clearly dependent on the particular molecule which is esterified. Sulfation of small molecules sych as the catecholamine neurotransmitter generally leads to inactivation of the biologically active species and probably facilitates the excretion of these endogenous amines in the urine. Sulfoconjugation of the tyrosyl residue of small secretory peptides and other larger proteins appears to be a ubiquitous process and may constitute a significant post-translational modification, in vivo . In this article, Jerome Roth presents some of the recent findings demonstrating the importance and potential role of sulfoconjugation in regulating the function of endogenous biologically active agents in vivo .
Reversible oligonucleosome self-association: dependence on divalent cations and core histone tail domains

Regularly spaced nucleosomal arrays equilibrate between unfolded and highly folded conformations in > 10 000 S. Importantly, all steps in the self-association pathway are freely reversible upon removal of the divalent cations. Taken together, these data indicate that short oligonucleosome fragments composed of only core histone octamers and DNA possess all of the structural features required to achieve chromosome-level DNA compaction. These findings provide a molecular basis for explaining many of the recently uncovered structural features of interphase and metaphase chromosomal fibers.
Regulation of the Xenopus laevis transcription factor IIIA gene during oogenesis and early embryogenesis: negative elements repress the O-TFIIIA promoter in embryonic cells.

Abstract Expression of the Xenopus laevis transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) gene is developmentally regulated. In this study we have used defined nucleotide mutations to map cis -elements involved in transcriptional regulation of the promoter for oocyte-TFIIIA (O-TFIIIA) in stage II–IV oocytes, stage VI oocytes, and tail bud embryos. During oogenesis O-TFIIIA mRNA levels decline 5- to 10-fold, and during early embryogenesis O-TFIIIA mRNA levels decline approximately 10 6 -fold per cell. In stage II–IV oocytes we find evidence for at least three distinct positive-acting cis -elements that contribute to the efficient expression of O-TFIIIA. These elements are located between −1800 to −425, −280 to −235, and −235 to −220. The most distal cis -element(s) appears to be developmentally regulated during oogenesis, since deletion of nucleotide sequences from −1800 to −425 does not reduce O-TFIIIA expression in stage VI oocytes. However, the two cis -elements located between −280 to −235 and −235 to −220 are required for the efficient expression of O-TFIIIA in stage VI oocytes. In tail bud embryos we find evidence for several developmentally regulated positive and negative cis -elements involved in O-TFIIIA expression. The positive-acting cis -elements are located between −159 to −110 and −110 to −58. The negative-acting cis -elements are found at positions −425 to −350 and −200 to −159. In addition to the developmentally regulated elements controlling O-TFIIIA gene expression in tail bud embryos, the positive-acting cis -elements active during oogenesis (located between −280 to −235 and −235 to −220) are also active during early embryogenesis. Thus, transcription from the O-TFIIIA promoter appears to be regulated by a combination of constitutive positive factors and developmentally regulated positive and negative factors during oogenesis and early embryogenesis.
PARADOX AND ORTHODOX: FOLIE À DEUX?*

In the recent family therapy literature, therapists have been cautioned to use paradoxical looking techniques as either a last resort, or else not to use such actions at all with specific problems. The paper argues that these stances arise from a rigid adherence to a set of orthodox views from which these actions appear contradictory. Similar to family systems, when such orthodox therapy systems do not question or alter their own premises in the face of contradiction, they tend to attribute either badness or madness to the action and either try to exorcise the badness, or banish the action. The literature which either prescribes “paradox as a last resort,” or which proscribes it altogether is reviewed and critiqued. Walter Buckley's process/adaptive system model is recommended as a positive alternative view from which such previously pardoxical actions may often be elected as a logical and effective first choice.
The Regular Sound of the Cock: Context-Dependent Time Reckoning in the Middle Ages 1

Abstract Despite frequent references to cockcrow in medieval literature, the uses and limits of cockcrow as a means of reckoning time in this period have not been thoroughly explored. Through an approach that combines chronobiology, the archaeology of faunal remains, and a discussion of medieval texts, this article argues that cockcrow was a useful and widespread context-dependent indicator of time. Its limits were that it was only relevant before dawn, but in a society that organized itself around seasonally variable canonical hours, the variation of cockcrow with the relative lengths of daylight and night was useful. The article concludes with a discussion of how the biases toward homogeneity and context-independence in modern time-reckoning are an obstacle for understanding pre-clock context-dependent time-telling techniques, and that moreover, modern time-telling opts for humanly constructed arbitrary signs over locally embedded indicators of time tied to biological or environmental cycles.
Management strategies for recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

Although ovarian cancer is often a chemosensitive malignancy, patients who are resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy represent a therapeutic challenge. Currently, the only drugs that are US FDA approved to treat this subset of patients are paclitaxel, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and topotecan. The response rates with these agents is in the 10–15% range and overall survival is around 12 months. Other drugs that have shown some activity in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer include the taxane analogues, oral etoposide, pemetrexed and bevacizumab. Unfortunately, randomized phase III trials of second-line chemotherapy in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer have not shown an advantage over existing therapy with respect to progression-free survival or overall survival. The only trial that has reported a significant progression-free survival advantage over standard therapy is a randomized phase II trial of PLD with or without EC145, a folate-linked vinca alkaloid. Final survival results of this trial are pending.
Toward collaboration sensing

We describe preliminary applications of network analysis techniques to eye-tracking data collected during a collaborative learning activity. This paper makes three contributions: first, we visualize collaborative eye-tracking data as networks, where the nodes of the graph represent fixations and edges represent saccades. We found that those representations can serve as starting points for formulating research questions and hypotheses about collaborative processes. Second, network metrics can be computed to interpret the properties of the graph and find proxies for the quality of students’ collaboration. We found that different characteristics of our graphs correlated with different aspects of students’ collaboration (for instance, the extent to which students reached consensus was associated with the average size of the strongly connected components of the graphs). Third, we used those characteristics to predict the quality of students’ collaboration by feeding those features into a machine-learning algorithm. We found that among the eight dimensions of collaboration that we considered, we were able to roughly predict (using a median-split) students’ quality of collaboration with an accuracy between ~85 and 100 %. We conclude by discussing implications for developing “collaboration-sensing” tools, and comment on implementing this approach for formal learning environments.
Ecosystem Carbon Remains Low for Three Decades Following Fire and Constrains Soil CO 2 Responses to Precipitation in Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Forests

The fire regime of ponderosa pine forests in the southwestern United States has shifted over the past century from historically frequent, low-intensity surface fires to infrequent, stand-replacing crown fires. We quantified plant and soil carbon (C) responses to this new fire regime and assessed interactions between changes in fire regime and changes in precipitation regime predicted by some climate models (specifically, an earlier monsoon rain season). We hypothesized that soil C pools and carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux rates would decrease initially following stand-replacing fires (due to low plant C inputs and the loss of the soil surficial organic (O) horizon), but then increase with time-after-fire (as plant C inputs increase). Water availability often limits soil biological activity in these forests, but we predicted that low soil C availability following fire would constrain soil CO2 efflux responses to precipitation. In a series of sites with histories of stand-replacing fires that burned between 2 and 34 years prior to sampling, burned patches had lower soil C pools and fluxes than adjacent unburned patches, but there was no evidence of a trend with time-after-fire. Burned forests had 7,500 g C m−2 less live plant biomass C (P < 0.001), 1,600 g C m−2 less soil total C (P < 0.001) and 90 g C m−2 less soil labile C (P < 0.001) than unburned forests. Lower soil labile C in burned patches was due to both a loss of O horizon mass with fire and lower labile C concentrations (g labile C kg−1 soil total C) in the mineral soil. During the annual drought that precedes summer monsoon rains, both burned and unburned patches had soil CO2 efflux rates ranging from 0.9 to 1.1 g CO2-C m−2 day−1. During the monsoon season, soil CO2 efflux in unburned patches increased to approximately 4.8 g CO2-C m−2 day−1 and rates in paired burned patches (3.4 g CO2-C m−2 day−1) were lower (P < 0.001). We also used field irrigation to experimentally create an earlier and longer monsoon season, and soil CO2 efflux rates at both burned and unburned plots increased initially in response to watering, but decreased to below control (plots without irrigation) rates within weeks. Watering did not significantly change cumulative growing season soil CO2 efflux, supporting our prediction that C availability constrains soil CO2 efflux responses to precipitation. This research advances our understanding of interactions among climate, fire, and C in southwestern forests, suggesting that climate-induced shifts toward more stand-replacing fires will decrease soil C for decades, such that a single fire can constrain future soil biological responses to precipitation regime changes.
Diffuse scattering from quasicrystals.

A theory of both thermal and quenched diffuse scattering from incommensurate crystals and quasicrystals is developed. We explore, in particular, the effects of strain fluctuations due to phasons which have dropped out of equilibrium at high temperatures, providing a source of quenched, spatially varying disorder. The theory leads to anisotropic peak shapes, in analogy with Huang scattering in ordinary crystals. In contrast to Huang scattering, the peak shapes vary greatly along a given direction in reciprocal space. Analysis of peak shapes can be used to infer information about phason elastic constants. We illustrate the theory with explicit computations using icosahedral quasicrystal elastic constants taken from recent density-functional calculations.
Extensions for Frobenius kernels

1.1 Let G be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p > 0. For r ≥ 1, let Gr be the rth Frobenius kernel of G. It is well-known that the representations for G1 are equivalent to the restricted representations for Lie G. Historically, the cohomology for Frobenius kernels has been best understood for large primes. Friedlander and Parshall [FP] first computed the cohomology ring H(G1, k) for p ≥ 3(h− 1) where h is the Coxeter number of the underlying root system. They proved that the cohomology ring can be identified with the coordinate algebra of the nullcone. Andersen and Jantzen [AJ] later verified this fact for p ≥ h. Furthermore, they generalized this calculation by looking at H(G1,H0(λ)) where H0(λ) = indBλ for p ≥ h. Their results had some restrictions on the type of root system involved. Kumar, Lauritzen and Thomsen [KLT] removed the restrictions on the root systems through the use of Frobenius splittings. The cohomology ring H(G1, k) modulo nilpotents can be identified in general with the coordinate algebra of the restricted nullcone N1 = {x ∈ Lie(G) | x[p] = 0}. For good primes Nakano, Parshall and Vella [NPV] proved that this variety is irreducible and can be identified with the closure of some Richardson orbit. Recently, Carlson, Lin, Nakano and Parshall [CLNP] have given an explicit description of N1. These recent results provide some indication that one can systematically study extensions of Frobenius kernels for small primes by using general formulas which exhibit generic behavior for large primes.
Maternal intrauterine infection, cytokines, and brain damage in the preterm newborn

To evaluate the hypothesis that the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha might be the link between prenatal intrauterine infection (IUI) and neonatal brain damage, the authors review the relevant epidemiologic and cytokine literature. Maternal IUI appears to increase the risk of preterm delivery, which in turn is associated with an increased risk of intraventricular hemorrhage, neonatal white matter damage, and subsequent cerebral palsy. IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha have been found associated with IUI, preterm birth, neonatal infections. and neonatal brain damage. Unifying models not only postulate the presence of cytokines in the three relevant maternal/fetal compartments (uterus, fetal circulation, and fetal brain) and the ability of the cytokines to cross boundaries (placenta and blood-brain barrier) between these compartments, but also postulate how proinflammatory cytokines might lead to IVH and neonatal white matter damage during prenatal maternal infection. Interrupting the proinflammatory cytokine cascade might prevent later disability in those born near the end of the second trimester.
Thyroid Function in the Absence of Vasopressin1

Thyroid function was assessed in rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI). Vasopressin almost certainly is absent from these rats since they appear unable to synthesize the hormone. The urinary excretion of 131I following a single injection of 131I-labeled thyroxine (T4) was significantly greater in untreated DI rats than in normal animals of the same strain. However, this increase was not observed when urine flow was reduced in both groups either by administration of vasopressin or by deprivation of water. Furthermore, urinary excretion of 131I was also greater than normal in untreated DI rats after an injection of 131I-labeled sodium iodide and, as with T4, the increase was eliminated when urine flow was reduced. Diffences in urinary excretion of 131I were not observed between DI and normal rats when they were brought to isotopic equilibrium with 131I-labeled T4, and the deiodination of T4 in vitro in liver and kidney from DI rats was no greater than that from normal animals. It was thu...
The generalized geometry of eye plaque therapy.

A calculation is described that enables the rapid assessment of dose rate at various points of interest within the eye (lens, optic nerve, etc.) for the treatment of choroidal melanoma by plaque therapy. 1 2 5I seeds are used as the radiationsource. The location of the plaque and its associated seeds relative to the eye (in a Cartesian coordinate system) is determined from the description of the tumor, as drawn and dimensioned on a fundus‐view diagram by the ophthalmologist. This requires a computer to numerically solve an equation, which is derived in the framework of spherical geometry. Further results of this calculation yield data files that serve as the input to a conventional brachytherapytreatment planning program. This enables the visualization of the dose distribution within a plane that contains the major axis of the tumor in order to assess the adequacy of the treated volume.
Native American Students’ Understandings of Geologic Time Scale: 4-8th Grade Students’ Understandings of Earth's Geologic History

Abstract Geologic time scales is very important concept for understanding earth system events such as global climate change. However, understanding of geologic time scale in a relationship with human history is very difficult because of relatively short period of human existence in earth history. This study shows that Native American elementary students understand geological and historical event based on relative order of earth history. They understand Earth's geological event as a sequential series. More importantly, they understand human history based on their own culture and history.
An Experimental Application of Personality Type as an Analogue for Decision-Making Style:

In the present study, 132 subjects were classified into one of four decision-making styles according to the Myers-Briggs combinations of perception (sensing-intuiting) and judgment (thinking-feeling), specifically, sensing-thinking (ST), sensing-feeling (SF), intuiting-thinking (NT), and intuiting-feeling (NF) styles. They were then asked to perform in an interactive computer-simulated business environment and their cost performance was measured. As hypothesized, analysis of variance indicated significant differences in cost performance among the four decision-making styles. A second hypothesis which predicted that students with the ST style would perform best followed in order by those with NT, SF, and NF styles, was not supported. Over-all, sensing types performed more efficiently than intuiting types. Given that there were significant differences among decision-making styles in terms of cost performance, the present study provides results which support the efficacy of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as...
Protein quantification in label-free LC-MS experiments.

The goal of many LC-MS proteomic investigations is to quantify and compare the abundance of proteins in complex biological mixtures. However, the output of an LC-MS experiment is not a list of prot...
Chainability of inverse limits with a single irreducible function on [0,1]

Abstract In the paper of Kelly and Meddaugh (2013) [5] , a method was demonstrated for constructing upper-semi continuous set-valued functions on [ 0 , 1 ] whose inverse limits are indecomposable continua. In this paper, we give a characterization of chainability for such inverse limits.
Comparative study of band-structure calculations for type-II InAs/InxGa1-xSb strained-layer superlattices.

Short-period InAs/${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$Sb superlattices may allow strong optical transitions in the long-wavelength infrared (g10 \ensuremath{\mu}m) spectral region. Absorption calculations can be difficult, however, because of the strongly type-II interface and because of the large lattice mismatch. We present a comparative study of band-structure calculations for strained-layer type-II InAs/${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$Sb superlattices grown on GaSb. The energy of superlattice band gaps (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{g}\mathit{s}}$) and the cutoff wavelengths (${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{c}}$) are computed in the empirical tight-binding, effective-bond-orbital, and 8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8 k\ensuremath{\cdot}p models. In the empirical tight-binding model (ETBM) the strain is included by scaling the matrix elements according to Harrison's universal 1/${\mathit{d}}^{2}$ rule and by appropriately modifying the angular dependence. The bond-orbital model (EBOM) and k\ensuremath{\cdot}p calculations include the strain via the deformation-potential theory. We find in all cases that the superlattice band gap decreases rapidly with increasing x and that the proper inclusion of strain is critical in the ETBM. Our results compare favorably with existing experiments. In addition, we compare directly the results of the EBOM and k\ensuremath{\cdot}p models. Contrary to expectations, the two models give quite different results for InAs/InSb superlattices.
Measurement of Neutrino and Antineutrino Total Cross Sections at High Energy

Charged-current $\ensuremath{\nu}$ and $\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ data are reported from the first application at Fermilab of a narrow-band neutrino beam for the measurement of normalized cross sections. Cross sections of about 20% accuracy were measured with a 120-GeV secondary hadron beam for $\ensuremath{\nu}(\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}})$ originating from $\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay ($〈{E}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}〉=38$ GeV) and $K$ decay ($〈{E}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}〉=105$ GeV). The $\ensuremath{\nu}$ and $\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ fluxes were determined by directly measuring the hadron flux and the $\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{\frac{K}{p}}$ ratios for the hadron beam.
ADMA and NOS regulation in chronic renal disease: beyond the old rivalry for l-arginine

Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased levels of assymetric NG,NG-dimethylarginine (ADMA), which is predictive of increased mortality and cardiovascular disease. ADMA induces endothelial dysfunction through competitive inhibition of the endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) substrate L-arginine. Kajimoto et al. show that ADMA may also reduce nitric oxide production via decreased eNOS phosphorylation; this effect is mediated by the MAPK pathway and can be reversed in vivo by increased catabolism of ADMA through dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 overexpression.
Regulatory Role of Arginine 204 in the Catalytic Activity of Rat Alloantigens ART2a and ART2b

ART2a (RT6.1) and ART2b (RT6.2) are NAD glycohydrolases (NADases) that are linked to T lymphocytes by glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors. Although both mature proteins possess three conserved regions (I, II, III) that form the NAD-binding site and differ by only ten amino acids, only ART2b is auto-ADP-ribosylated and only ART2a is glycosylated. To investigate the structural basis for these differences, wild-type and mutant ART2a and ART2b were expressed in rat mammary adenocarcinoma (NMU) cells and released with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. All mutants were immunoreactive NADases. Arginine 204 (Arg204), NH2-terminal to essential glutamate 209 in Region III, is found in ART2b, but not ART2a. Replacement of Arg204 in ART2b with lysine, tyrosine, or glutamate abolished auto-ADP-ribosylation. Unlike wild-type ART2a, ART2a(Y204R) was auto-ADP-ribosylated. The tryptophan mutant ART2b(R204W) was auto-ADP-ribosylated and exhibited enhanced NADase activity. Incubation with NAD and auto-ADP-ribosylation decreased the NADase activities of wild-type ART2b and ART2b (R204W), whereas activity of ART2b(R204K), which is not auto-modified, was unchanged by NAD. Facilitation of auto-ADP-ribosylation by tryptophan 204 suggests that the hydrophobic amino acid mimics an ADP-ribosylated arginine. Thus, Arg204 in ART2b serves as a regulatory switch whose presence is required for additional auto-ADP-ribosylation and regulation of catalytic activity.