cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“I sense that you sense that I sense…”: Sander's recognition process and the specificity of relational moves in the psychotherapeutic setting

Harvard Medical SchoolFor more than 30years, Sander has been one of our foremost theorists of dyadic systems.Sander is also one of the few theorists who have appreciated the problem of accounting forthe emergence of a coordinated two-person system. In this pioneering role, he has struggled tocreate a language and to forge a set of principles and constructs when few other thinkers weregrappling with similar issues. The intercoordination of human life at many levels of socialorganization, such as the family or the culture, is most commonly taken as a given. However,from his perspective both as a psychoanalyst and as an infant observer, Sander found himselfengaged in the task of trying to describe the microprocess through which two unacquaintedindividuals come to know one another’s minds in the service of conducting complex coordi-nated activity.Sander’s initial thinking about the critical role of what he calls recognition processes inhuman relationships grew out of his participation as a research psychiatrist in Eleanor Paven-stedt’s longitudinal parent–infant study, in which he observed a wide variety of mother–infantdyads. These observations left him keenly sensitive to the infant’s spontaneity and initiative inconstructing his or her own direction of activity, as well as to the infant’s vulnerability tosacriﬁcing that spontaneity when pressured to engage in a performance desired by the other.This focused his attention on the nature of the negotiations within the mother–infant system.He viewed these negotiations as bringing about workable solutions to the mutual modiﬁcationsthat are necessary for achieving the gradual, but increasingly complex, process of adaptationbetween the new infant and his or her mother.Sander came to view this adaptive process of ﬁtting together as epigenetic in early devel-opment. That is, without stability at one level of task complexity, new and emergent propertiesof the system that are essential to the accomplishment of tasks at a next level of complexitymay fail to appear. Sander’s observations of negotiations within the dynamic tensions of themother–infant system over the ﬁrst 3 years of life made clear the wide spectrum of possibleoutcomes that are emergent properties of such a dyadic system (e.g., Sander, 1965). From thesedata he proposed an epigenetic sequence of ﬁve essential dyadic tasks of adaptation to be
Area detector corrections for high quality synchrotron X-ray structure factor measurements

Correction procedures for obtaining accurate X-ray structure factors from large area detectors are considered, including subpanel effects, over excited pixels and careful intensity corrections. Problems associated with data normalization, the use of a pixel response correction from a glass standard and minimization of systematic errors are also discussed. Data from glassy GeSe2 and liquid water measured with a Perkin Elmer amorphous-Silicon detector are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of these correction procedures. This requires reduction of systematic errors in the measured intensity to around the 0.1% level. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Detection of c-type cytochromes using enhanced chemiluminescence

A rapid, nontoxic method was devised for staining c-type cytochromes on filters. Bacterial and mitochondrial c-type cytochromes from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels were transferred to nitrocellulose filters and visualized by a staining system that relies on their heme peroxidase activity. This involved the use of enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL). This system was compared with the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMBZ) staining of cytochromes transferred to nitrocellulose filters and found to be equally sensitive. The ECL assay has the following advantages: (i) the signals can be quantitated with a densitometer; (ii) it is much quicker than the TMBZ-staining protocol (20 min versus 2 h); (iii) the generated signals are detected on a film providing a convenient record; (iv) after removal of the reagents, filters can be reused for immunoassays; and (v) it uses nonhazardous components.
Investigating collaborative self-modeling and its impact on introductory programming self-efficacy

This project aims to develop the collaborative self-modeling method for computer programming education, and to empirically evaluate its effectiveness. Based on the self-modeling method, the approach is designed to leverage simulated personal experiences to boost programming self-efficacy and related outcome variables such as course performance and persistence.
Body Awareness and Self-Assessed Health among Older Adults:

A longitudinal study of older adult members of a large health maintenance organization found that higher levels of body awareness were associated with significant longitudinal decreases in self-assessed health over time, controlling for physical and psychological health status, sex, age, and education. Also, psychological distress was a significant antecedent of body awareness. Individuals with higher distress had significant longitudinal increases in body awareness. However, physical illness was not associated significantly with changes in self-assessed health or body awareness over time. These results suggested that body awareness is part of a complex process through which global self-assessments of health are constructed.
Ultimate information capacity of fiber-optic networks

There have been numerous attempts to determine the channel capacity of a nonlinear fiber optics communication channel. The main approach, until recently, was to consider ASE noise as a predominant effect and to observe the fiber nonlinearities as the perturbation of linear case or as the multiplicative noise. In this invited paper, we describe how to determine the true fiber-optics channel capacity. Because in most of practical applications the channel input distribution is uniform, we also describe how to determine the uniform information capacity, which represents the lower bound on channel capacity. This method consists of two steps: 1) approximating probability density functions (PDFs) for energy of pulses, which is done by one of the following approaches: (a) evaluation of histograms, (b) instanton approach or (c) edgeworth expansion, and 2) estimating information capacities by applying a method originally proposed by Arnold and Pfitser.
The Role of Perceptions and Political Reform in Counterinsurgency: The Case of Western Iraq, 2004–05

The political side of counterinsurgency has long been recognized as more important than the military side. The major works on counterinsurgency call for political reform that redresses legitimate insurgent grievances. Thereby, insurgents are encouraged to pursue their aims via political instead of military means. In western Iraq, insurgent perceptions of US weakness inhibited effective political reform. Moderate Sunnis did not engage the Coalition or Iraqi government until these perceptions had been revised. The connection between insurgent perceptions and effective political reform deserves greater attention. With the exception of some arguments from the political science field, the literature on counterinsurgency insufficiently addresses the importance of insurgent perceptions.
Complex magnetic ordering in CeGe1.76 studied by neutron diffraction

Neutron diffraction measurements on a single crystal of ${\mathrm{CeGe}}_{1.76}$ reveal a complex series of magnetic transitions at low temperature. At ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}\ensuremath{\approx}7$ K, there is a transition from a paramagnetic state at higher temperature to an incommensurate magnetic structure characterized by a magnetic propagation vector (0 0 $\ensuremath{\tau})$ with $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{1}{4}$ and the magnetic moment along the a axis of the orthorhombic unit cell. Below ${T}_{\mathrm{LI}}\ensuremath{\approx}5$ K, the magnetic structure locks in to a commensurate structure with $\ensuremath{\tau}=\frac{1}{4}$ and the magnetic moment remains along the a axis. Below ${T}^{\ensuremath{\star}}\ensuremath{\approx}4$ K, we find additional half-integer and integer indexed magnetic Bragg peaks consistent with a second commensurately ordered antiferromagnetic state.
Competitive Oxidation and Protonation of Aqueous Monomethylplatinum(II) Complexes: A Comparison of Oxidants

[Pt^(II)(CH_3)Cl_3]^(2-) (1), generated at 95 °C in situ from Cs_2[Pt^(IV)(CH_3)_2Cl_4] in an aqueous solution of high chloride concentration and [H^+] = 0.2 M, undergoes competitive oxidation versus protonation (k_(ox)/k_(H+)) with several oxidants. A first-order dependence on oxidant concentration was determined for both CuCl_2 and FeCl_3 oxidations of 1, and k_(ox)/k_(H+) was determined to be 191 ± 24 and 14 ± 3. CuCl_2 was shown to catalyze the oxidation of 1 by dioxygen; however, [Pt^(II)Cl_4]^(2-) was also oxidized under these conditions. Anion 1, generated in a mixture of platinum(II) salts, [Cp_2Co^(III)]_2{[Pt^(II)Cl_4] + 1 + [Pt^(II)(CH_3)_2Cl_2] (4)}·xNaCl (5), also undergoes competitive oxidation and protonation at room temperature in D_2O when in the presence of oxidants. Increasing chloride decreases the ratio k_(ox)/k_(H+) for 1 when Na_2[Pt^(IV)Cl_6] is used as the oxidant, but when CuCl_2 is used as the oxidant, added chloride increases k_(ox)/k_(H+). The one-electron oxidants, Na_2[IrCl_6] and (NH_4)_2[Ce(NO_3)_6], were also shown to oxidize 1.
Real-time detection and prevention of android SMS permission abuses

The Android permission system informs users about the privileges demanded by applications (apps), and in principle allows users to assess potential risks of apps. Unfortunately, recent studies showed that the installation-time permission verification procedure is often ignored, due to users' lack of attention or insufficient understanding of the privileges or the Android permission system. As a consequence, malicious apps are likely granted with security- and privacy-critical permissions, and launch various kinds of attacks without being noticed by the users. In this paper, we present the design, analysis, and implementation of DroidPAD, a novel solution that aims to leverage system-wide state information to detect and block in real-time possible abuses of Android permissions. Especially, with a focus on SMS-related permissions, we have implemented a proof-of-concept prototype. Our evaluation based on 48 representative benign and malicious apps shows that DroidPAD successfully detected SMS permissions-abusing activities with low false-positive rates, and zero false-negative rates.
Influence of Chilling Methods and Aging Time on Yield and Tenderness of Fowl

Abstract Yields and tenderness were measured on broiler breeder and White Leghorn hens chilled either by wet-chilling in the continuous ice slush chiller or by dry-chilling with CO2 snow. Broiler breeder hens were cooked in water at 0 or 25 hours after chilling, while White Leghorn hens were cooked at 0, 4, 20 or 25 hours after chilling. All processing and cooking operations were performed at a commercial fowl processing plant. Differences in cooked yields (based on the eviscerated weight) between wet- and dry-chilled carcasses were not statistically different even though the wet-chilled carcasses gained approximately 6 percent more weight during the continuous chilling. White Leghorn fowl cooked in rigor (4 hours after chilling) gave significantly lower yields than other cooking times. Shear values indicated that aging of carcasses generally improved tenderness. However, an increase in shear values at 25 hours over the 20 hour aging period suggested more than one maximum point of toughness.
Damage evolution in laminated advanced composites

Abstract This paper extends the theory for damage evolution in a single ply presented earlier by the authors. Simultaneous damage evolution in individual plies, at different rates, is accounted for; reduction of the rate of damage growth in a ply due to deformational restrictions imposed by adjacent plies is implicit in the formulation. The theory is valid for any sequence of external loading. However, unloading and cyclic loading cases are not considered in this paper. This is achieved by completely updating the material parameters in a ply that has reached a saturated damage state. This parameter updating is based on the identified damage mode (at failure) of the ply. Predicted results are compared with available experimental data for T300 Graphite-Epoxy. Further results that demonstrate the capabilities of the theory are also presented.
When objects collide experiences with reusing multiple class hierarchies

Well-designed reusable class libraries are often incompatible due to architectural mismatches such as error-handling and composition conventions. We identify five pragmatic dimensions along which combinations of subsystems must match, and present detailed examples of conflicts resulting from mismatches. Examples are drawn from our experiences of integrating five subsystem-level class hierarchies into an object-oriented hypertext platform. We submit that effective reuse will require that these pragmatic decisions be explicitly identified in descriptions of reusable software. Such descriptions will enable developers to identify and combine subsystems whose architectures are compatible.
Green attendees' evaluation of green attributes at the convention centre: using importance–performance analysis

For convention centre operators, managers, and meeting professionals, the current focus on green meetings is no longer a trend. Cities in the USA are seeing a boom in green attribute development at convention centres; however, little is known regarding attribute perception from an event attendee perspective. This study explored the importance and performance of 20 green attributes relevant to the meetings and events industry. An online questionnaire was administered to 115 event attendees at the Phoenix Convention Center. The survey obtained importance and performance ratings for these green attributes. Findings indicate that the green industry identified attributes that are important from an event attendee perspective. Results should be valuable to convention sales/service managers, green marketing research, and green attribute development for the meetings and events industry.
The effects of sulfur dioxide and A2 influenza virus on pneumonia and weight reduction in mice: An analysis of stimulus-response relationships

Abstract Using a mouse-influenza model, mice were exposed in exposure chambers to various doses of influenza A 2 virus and sulfur dioxide, each alone and in combination. Temperature, relative humidity and length of exposure were all controlled. Control animals were in the same setting, but did not have influenza virus or sulfur dioxide exposure. The two responses measured were: the amount of pneumonia produced and the amount of weight reduction produced by the exposure stimuli. A stimulus-response method of analysis was utilized. Virus exposure produced pneumonia even at low dose. Sulfur dioxide produced pneumonia at higher doses, but appeared to have an inverse effect at lower doses when compared to control animals. The two combined produced more pneumonia than either one did separately. Sulfur dioxide produced more weight reduction than influenza virus, and combination exposures produced more weight reduction than either stimulus did separately. Dosage effects (correlations) were seen in both the production of pneumonia and the production of weight reduction. The stimulus-response method clarified and quantified the relationships found.
Fluidic Injection on a Supersonic Jet at Various Mach Numbers

Fluidic injection on a supersonic jet operating at design and imperfectly expanded conditions was investigated. The nozzle simulates tactical military jet nozzles with conical sections and 12 pairs of fluidic injectors were incorporated into the nozzle lip. The effect of fluidic injection was studied at the design Mach number of 1.56, underexpanded, and overexpanded conditions. Far-field acoustic and flowfield measurements are presented for various injector momentum flux ratios at different jet operating conditions. The three velocity components were measured in cross-stream planes to compute the mean velocity and turbulence kinetic energy. At all conditions, increasing the injector momentum flux ratio resulted in greater reduction of noise. At overexpanded conditions, overall reduction up to 4 and 3 dB was observed at forward and downstream angles, respectively. At nozzle design conditions, up to 15 dB reduction in shock noise was observed in the narrowband spectra. Fluidic injection was more effective t...
Transient Network Analyzer Operation with Digital Computer Control and Analysis

The Transient Network Analyzer (TNA), an electromagnetic analog of a power system, is used to study the transient voltages due to switching operations. This paper describes how a mini-computer has been used to enhance the operations of the TNA. The interfacing of the mini-computer and the TNA allows digital control of the TNA switching operations and provides a means of making sophisticated measurements and analyses of the results of that switching.
Psychologic and behavioral management of tension-type headache: treatment procedures

Used as an adjunct or alternative to medication treatment, psychologic and behavioral approaches to tension-type headache decrease headache frequency, affective distress, and headache-related disability. These approaches directly address the psychologic and behavioral factors that contribute to the disorder and to the individual headache episodes. There is well-established evidence of efficacy for the three broad approaches: relaxation training, electromyographic biofeedback training, and cognitive-behavioral stress management. Treatment has been difficult to access, with most care provided by behavioral specialists in tertiary care settings using clinic-based or home-based treatment protocols. Recent attempts to make treatment more accessible to a wider range of tension-type headache sufferers include using medical personnel to deliver treatment from physician practices and using existing and emerging technologies to provide care in a purely self-administered format without face-to-face contact with therapists. These attempts are promising, but remain preliminary; therefore, there is a need for further development and testing.
Auger-electron ion coincidence studies of soft-x-ray-induced fragmentation of N2.

We report a coincidence experiment between energy-selected Auger electrons and the ions produced in the molecular fragmentation following core photoionization of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$. In this type of measurement it is possible to correlate the ion fragmentation products, their kinetic energy, and their electronic configuration with the hole configuration in the doubly charged molecule following the Auger decay of the initial core hole. These data produce new insight into the potential energy curves of the doubly charged molecular ions.
Progress of a 140 GHz, 1 kW Confocal Gyro-TWT Amplifier

The design and fabrication of the 140 GHz, 1 kW gyro-TWT amplifier has been completed. The hot test of the tube is also shown.
Electronic structure and optical properties of polysulfur nitride, (SN)x

We have made theoretical and experimental studies of the electronic structure and optical properties of (SN)x based on the use of OPW and pseudopotential calculational techniques and normal incidence polarized reflectance measurements. The principal finding of the calculation is the existence of a Fermi surface containing a closed direction which stabilizes (SN)x against static Peierls-Frohlich distortions thus permitting the superconducting state to occur. From the Fermi surface and band structure, we have computed the frequency-dependent dielectric tensor,∈,µυ(ω)and plasma tensor, (ω p 2 )γz. The calculated optical spectrum compares favorably with the results of the reflectance measurements.
Bromodomain Protein Brd4 Regulates Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transcription through Phosphorylation of CDK9 at Threonine 29

Positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), composed of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) and cyclin T, is a global transcription factor for eukaryotic gene expression, as well as a key factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transcription elongation. P-TEFb phosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), facilitating the transition from nonprocessive to processive transcription elongation. Recently, the bromodomain protein Brd4 has been shown to interact with the low-molecular-weight, active P-TEFb complex and recruit P-TEFb to the HIV type 1 long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. However, the subsequent events through which Brd4 regulates CDK9 kinase activity and RNAP II-dependent transcription are not clearly understood. Here we provide evidence that Brd4 regulates P-TEFb kinase activity by inducing a negative pathway. Moreover, by analyzing stepwise initiation and elongation complexes, we demonstrate that P-TEFb activity is regulated in the transcription complex. Brd4 induces phosphorylation of CDK9 at threonine 29 (T29) in the HIV transcription initiation complex, inhibiting CDK9 kinase activity. P-TEFb inhibition is transient, as Brd4 is released from the transcription complex between positions +14 and +36. Removal of the phosphate group at T29 by an incoming phosphatase released P-TEFb activity, resulting in increased RNAP II CTD phosphorylation and transcription. Finally, we present chromatin immunoprecipitation studies showing that CDK9 with phosphorylated T29 is associated with the HIV promoter region in the integrated and transcriptionally silent HIV genome.
The Study Committee for Research, Development and Engineering (SCARDE): A Progress Report and an Invitation to Participate

Readers are invited to participate in a data-collection effort, conducted by SCARDE (Study Committee for the Analysis of Research, Development, and Engineering) on the patterns of man-power and money utilization currently found in R and D projects. The aggregated and summarized data should provide valuable insights into current practices in a variety of industries and firms of different sizes, and be useful to researchers interested in a quantitative approach to the management of R and D activities. Strict procedures to safeguard proprietary information have been established. The background and results of a pilot study are indicated, and an example of the possible use of the study results is presented.
Ribosomes of acid-fast bacilli: immunogenicity, serology, and in vitro correlates of delayed hypersensitivity.

Abstract Ribosomal fractions obtained from Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) and M. smegmatis (strain butyricum) were studied to determine their antigenicity, their ability to stimulate the production of soluble mediators of delayed hypersensitivity (in vitro correlates) by sensitized peritoneal exudate cells, and the antigenic relations of ribosomal antigens of BCG to BCG protoplasm and H37Rv culture filtrates. The crude ribosomes and the 50-30S ribosomal subunit pool obtained from each of the organisms induced both delayed and immediate hypersensitivity when injected in incomplete Freund adjuvant into rabbits, and skin reactions could be elicited in sensitized rabbits with those antigens. The crude ribosomes and 50-30S ribosomal subunit pool of M. smegmatis stimulated lymphocytes of guinea pigs sensitized with viable organisms to produce macrophage migration inhibition factor. Comparable ribosomal fractions from BCG bacilli caused lymphocytes of guinea pigs sensitized with viable M. bovis (BCG) to produce skin reactive factor. Immunoelectrophoretic studies showed that H37Rv culture filtrate, protoplasm, crude ribosomes, and 50-30S ribosomal subunits of BCG contain multiple precipitinogens and that many of these were shared between the different antigen systems. Comparative electrophoresis revealed that BCG protoplasm and H37Rv culture filtrate shared a major portion of their components with each other and relatively few with ribosomal systems. The ribosomal systems shared the major portion of their components with each other and relatively few with the other antigen systems.
CoCRF Deformable Model: A Geometric Model Driven by Collaborative Conditional Random Fields

We present a hybrid framework for integrating deformable models with learning-based classification, for image segmentation with region ambiguities. We show how a region-based geometric model is coupled with conditional random fields (CRF) in a simple graphical model, such that the model evolution is driven by a dynamically updated probability field. We define the model shape with the signed distance function, while we formulate the internal energy with a C1 continuity constraint, a shape prior, and a term that forces the zero level of the shape function towards a connected form. The latter can be seen as a term that forces different closed curves on the image plane to merge, and, therefore, our model inherently carries the property of merging regions. We calculate the image likelihood that drives the evolution using a collaborative formulation of conditional random fields (CoCRF), which is updated during the evolution in an online learning manner. The CoCRF infers class posteriors to regions with feature ambiguities by assessing the joint appearance of neighboring sites, and using the classification confidence to regulate the inference. The novelties of our approach are (i) the tight coupling of deformable models with classification, combining the estimation of smooth region boundaries with the robustness of the probabilistic region classification, (ii) the handling of feature variations, by updating the region statistics in an online learning manner, and (iii) the improvement of the region classification using our CoCRF. We demonstrate the performance of our method in a variety of images with clutter, region inhomogeneities, boundary ambiguities, and complex textures, from the zebra and cheetah examples to medical images.
2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) directly targets mitochondrial glutathione to induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer.

Surgical resection is the only curative strategy for pancreatic cancer (PC). Unfortunately, >80% of pancreatic cancer patients bear inoperable, locally advanced, chemoresistant tumors demonstrating the urgent need for development of novel therapeutic approaches to treat this disease. Here we report that the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12 dioxooleana-1,9 dien-28-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) antagonizes PC cell growth by inducing apoptosis at submicromolar concentrations. Notably, we demonstrate for the first time that the cytotoxicity of CDDO-Im is accompanied by the rapid and selective depletion of mitochondrial glutathione that results in accumulation of reactive oxygen species, oxidation of the cellular glutathione pool, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and phosphatidylserine externalization. The parent compound CDDO as well as the methyl ester of CDDO also depleted mitochondrial glutathione, demonstrating that this effect is mediated by the triterpenoid nucleus of these agents. Cotreatment with sulfhydryl nucleophiles completely prevented apoptosis and loss of viability induced by CDDO-Im, whereas alkylation of intracellular thiols by diethylmaleate or cotreatment with dithiothreitol decreased the accumulation of a biotinylated derivative of CDDO, TP-301, in PC cells, suggesting that intracellular reduced thiols are functional targets of the electrophilic triterpenoid nucleus of CDDO and its derivatives. In conclusion, our report is the first to identify mitochondrial glutathione as a target of CDDO and its derivatives and demonstrates that depletion of this antioxidant in the mitochondria is an effective strategy to induce cell death in PC cells. These results suggest that CDDO and its derivatives may offer a clinical benefit for the treatment of PC.
Use of empirically derived source-destination models to map regional conservation corridors

The ability of populations to be connected across large landscapes via dispersal is critical to long-term viability for many species. One means to mitigate population isolation is the protection of movement corridors among habitat patches. Nevertheless, the utility of small, narrow, linear features as habitat corridors has been hotly debated. Here, we argue that analysis of movement across continuously resistant landscapes allows a shift to a broader consideration of how landscape patterns influence connectivity at scales relevant to conservation. We further argue that this change in scale and definition of the connectivity problem improves one's ability to find solutions and may help resolve long-standing disputes regarding scale and definition of movement corridors and their importance to population connectivity. We used a new method that combines empirically derived landscape-resistance maps and least-cost path analysis between multiple source and destination locations to assess habitat isolation and identify corridors and barriers to organism movement. Specifically, we used a genetically based landscape resistance model for American black bears (Ursus americanus) to identify major movement corridors and barriers to population connectivity between Yellowstone National Park and the Canadian border. Even though western Montana and northern Idaho contain abundant public lands and the largest wilderness areas in the contiguous United States, moving from the Canadian border to Yellowstone Park along those paths indicated by modeled gene flow required bears to cross at least 6 potential barriers. Our methods are generic and can be applied to virtually any species for which reliable maps of landscape resistance can be developed.
Short‐term license renewals: 1960–1972

(1974). Short‐term license renewals: 1960–1972. Journal of Broadcasting: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 277-288.
An elaborate heterotrimeric G‐protein family from soybean expands the diversity of plant G‐protein networks

The repertoire of heterotrimeric G-proteins in plant species analyzed thus far is simple, with the presence of only two possible canonical heterotrimers in Arabidopsis and rice vs hundreds in animal systems. We assessed whether genome duplication events have resulted in the multiplicity of G-protein in plant species like soybean that would increase the complexity of G-protein networks. We identified and amplified four Gα, four Gβ and two Gγ proteins, analyzed their expression profile by quantitative PCR during different developmental stages. We purified the four Gα proteins and analyzed their guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP)-binding and GTPase activity. We performed yeast-based interaction analysis to assess the interaction specificity of different G-protein subunits. Our results show that all 10 G-protein genes are retained in the soybean genome and ubiquitously expressed. The four Gα proteins seem to be plasma membrane-localized. The G-protein genes have interesting expression profiles during seed development and germination. The four Gα proteins form two distinct groups based on their GTPase activity. Yeast-based interaction analyses predict that the proteins interact in most of the possible combinations, with some degree of interaction specificity between duplicated gene pairs. This research identifies the most elaborate heterotrimeric G-protein network known to date in the plant kingdom.
Temporal Differences in Granulosa Cell Specification in the Ovary Reflect Distinct Follicle Fates in Mice

The embryonic origins of ovarian granulosa cells have been a subject of debate for decades. By tamoxifen-induced lineage tracing of Foxl2-expressing cells, we show that descendants of the bipotential supporting cell precursors in the early gonad contribute granulosa cells to a specific population of follicles in the medulla of the ovary that begin to grow immediately after birth. These precursor cells arise from the proliferative ovarian surface epithelium and enter mitotic arrest prior to upregulating Foxl2. Granulosa cells that populate the cortical primordial follicles activated in adult life derive from the surface epithelium perinatally, and enter mitotic arrest at that stage. Ingression from the surface epithelium dropped to undetectable levels by Postnatal Day 7, when most surviving oocytes were individually encapsulated by granulosa cells. These findings add complexity to the standard model of sex determination in which the Sertoli and granulosa cells of the adult testis and ovary directly stem from the supporting cell precursors of the bipotential gonad.
Comparison of Monomethylhydrazine/ Hydroxypropylcellulose and Hydrocarbon/Silica Gels

Experimental studies have been performed to investigate rheology and droplet burning with different types of gelled propellants. Monomethylhydrazine has been gelled with organic hydroxypropylcellulose. JP-8 and RP-1 hydrocarbon gels have been produced with inorganic fumed silica particles. Rheological characterization showed the differences in terms of viscosity and yield stress behavior due to different types of gelling agents. Herschel-Bulkley and Carreau-Yasuda models have been used to characterize the gels with inorganic and organic gelling agents, respectively. First experiments with the Monomethylhydrazine/hydroxypropylcellulose gels showed a typical swelling process during combustion with a flexible viscous droplet surface. Contrary to that, the hydrocarbon/silica gels burned while a rigid silica structure was built, which remained unburned. Burning drop measurements have been compared to the d^2-squared law.
Application of modulation codes to ghost pulse suppression

A simple modulation code to suppress the detrimental effects of intra-channel FWM in 40 Gb/s systems is proposed. A Q-factor improvement of at least 6.11 dB is demonstrated.
A Web-Based Genetic Polymorphism Learning Approach for High School Students and Science Teachers.

Variation and polymorphism are concepts that are central to genetics and genomics, primary biological disciplines in which high school students and undergraduates require a solid foundation. From 1998 through 2002, a web-based genetics education program was developed for high school teachers and students. The program included an exercise on using freely available bioinformatics tools on the Internet to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms in genomic DNA and gene-based sequences to evaluate variation or polymorphism. Similar tools were also used to show the functional effect, if any, of the single nucleotide polymorphisms. A total of 25 science teachers and 60 students from high schools in Alabama and Virginia participated in the program that ranged from 2 to 4 weeks. Seventy percent of the teachers have now developed a web-based module to teach at least two lessons involving DNA variation and how it influences other disciplines, including evolution. Among former high school students, five are in Ph.D. programs in genetics or related subjects, and 80% are in medical school or in college in a biology or pre-med major. The exercise is simple to implement, and the cost is relatively low, requiring only a computer with an Internet connection. It also provides a foundation for introducing students to the theory of evolution, a concept that remains controversial in high school science curricula. Similar programs, if properly implemented, may result in fostering more interest in the biological sciences among prospective college students and ensure a good foundation in the pipeline for career biologists and scientists.
INNOVATION MANAGEMENT IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING SUCCESS

The importance of innovation as the key driver of sustained success has been well documented in the marketing and hospitality literature. In the past decade, several studies have investigated the success factors associated with service innovations. Few of these studies, however, have dealt with hospitality innovations. Hospitality firms develop innovations with specific objectives and goals in mind and have several approaches to measure performance accordingly. However, no research in hospitality innovation has addressed the question of whether hospitality firms should have different approaches depending on their objectives for the individual innovation projects. This study obtained data on 185 hospitality innovations and identified three performance dimensions: market performance, financial performance, employee and customer relationship enhancement. Of the 23 potential success determinants, 12 were found to be drivers of performance.
Jumping solitary waves in an autonomous reaction-diffusion system with subcritical wave instability.

We describe a new type of solitary waves, which propagate in such a manner that the pulse periodically disappears from its original position and reemerges at a fixed distance. We find such jumping waves as solutions to a reaction–diffusion system with a subcritical short-wavelength instability. We demonstrate closely related solitary wave solutions in the quintic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. We study the characteristics of and interactions between these solitary waves and the dynamics of related wave trains and standing waves.
The RNA-binding protein HuR is required for normal homeostatic control of IL-2 expression in activated CD4 T cells (IRM6P.713)

Upon T cell activation approximately 50% of genes are regulated at the posttranscriptional level by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). HuR is a stabilizing RBP which regulates mRNA via interactions with AU-rich elements (ARE) in mRNA 3’UTRs. HuR has been shown to be crucial for T cell development, thymic selection and egression. However, it is unclear how HuR regulates T cell differentiation and cytokine expression. To further investigate these questions, we generated a novel conditional HuR KO mouse, distal-Lck Cre ROSA HuRfl/fl which ablates HuR in mature T cells prior to activation. HuR KO T cells develop and egress from thymus normally; however, they display aberrant cytokine and receptor expression upon activation. Activated HuR KO T cells show striking increases in IL-2 (20-30 fold) and display an inability to turn off IL-2 expression, but significant decreases in IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 with no change in IFN-γ. Over 90% of HuR KO CD4 cells still make IL-2 five days after activation but display impaired IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 secretion. Increases in IL-2 in HuR KO cells are due to augmentation of IL-2 transcription and mRNA stability. Moreover, there are significant decreases in proliferation and CD25 (IL-2Rα) expression in HuR KO cells as a result of reductions in CD25 transcription. Thus, HuR is required for cytokine homeostasis in CD4 cells and may well function as a critical off-switch for IL-2 expression during T cell activation.
Imagine yourself being healthy: The mental simulation effect of advertisements on healthy menu promotion

Abstract This study examined the effect of mental simulation on customers’ attitudes in the context of healthy restaurant menu promotions. This is a widely used tactic to promote products or brands by encouraging customers to imagine themselves using the advertised products or services. To identify effective ways to promote healthy menu items in restaurants, the study examined the influences of mental simulation (encouraged vs. not encouraged), nutrition information strength (strong vs. weak) and restaurant brand image regarding menu healthiness (healthy vs. less healthy) on customers’ attitudes toward the advertisement and purchase intentions. Furthermore, the study investigated whether the effect of mental simulation varies depending on the healthy brand image of the restaurant. The results indicated that mental simulation, nutrition information strength and healthy restaurant brand image positively influenced attitudes and purchasing intentions. Further, the mental simulation effect diminished the influence of nutrition information strength on attitudes and purchase intentions. Finally, the moderating effect of mental simulation varied based on the healthy brand image of the restaurant. The study also included practical implications for effective marketing communication in the context of healthy menu item promotions in restaurants.
Timing and rates of Holocene normal faulting along the Black Mountains fault zone, Death Valley, USA

Alluvial fans displaced by normal faults of the Black Mountains fault zone at Badwater and Mormon Point in Death Valley were mapped, surveyed, and dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and 10 Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) methods. Applying TCN methods to Holocene geomorphic surfaces in Death Valley is challenging because sediment flux is slow and complex. However, OSL dating produces consistent surface ages, yielding ages for a regionally recognized surface (Qg3a) of 4.5 ± 1.2 ka at Badwater and 7.0 ± 1.0 ka at Mormon Point. Holocene faults offsetting Qg3a yield horizontal slip rates directed toward 323° of 0.8 +0.3/–0.2 mm/yr and 1.0 ± 0.2 mm/yr for Badwater and Mormon Point, respectively. These slip rates are slower than the ∼2 mm/yr dextral slip rate of the southern end of the northern Death Valley fault zone and are half as fast as NNW-oriented horizontal rates documented for the Panamint Valley fault zone. This indicates that additional strain is transferred southwestward from northern Death Valley and Black Mountains fault zones onto the oblique-normal dextral faults of the Panamint Valley fault zone, which is consistent with published geodetic modeling showing that current opening rates of central Death Valley along the Black Mountains fault zone are about three times slower than for Panamint Valley. This suggests that less than half of the geodetically determined ∼9–12 mm/yr of right-lateral shear across the region at the latitude of central Death Valley is accommodated by slip on well-defined faults and that distributed deformational processes take up the remainder of this slip transferred between the major faults north of the Garlock fault.
Representation and Analysis of Piecewise Linear Functions in Abs-Normal Form

It follows from the well known min/max representation given by Scholtes in his recent Springer book, that all piecewise linear continuous functions \(y = F(x) : \mathbb {R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb {R}^m\) can be written in a so-called abs-normal form. This means in particular, that all nonsmoothness is encapsulated in \(s\) absolute value functions that are applied to intermediate switching variables \(z_i\) for \(i=1, \ldots ,s\). The relation between the vectors \(x, z\), and \(y\) is described by four matrices \(Y, L, J\), and \(Z\), such that $$ \left[ \begin{array}{c} z \\ y \end{array}\right] = \left[ \begin{array}{c} c \\ b \end{array}\right] + \left[ \begin{array}{cc} Z &{} L \\ J &{} Y \end{array}\right] \left[ \begin{array}{c} x \\ |z |\end{array}\right] $$ This form can be generated by ADOL-C or other automatic differentation tools. Here \(L\) is a strictly lower triangular matrix, and therefore \( z_i\) can be computed successively from previous results. We show that in the square case \(n=m\) the system of equations \(F(x) = 0\) can be rewritten in terms of the variable vector \(z\) as a linear complementarity problem (LCP). The transformation itself and the properties of the LCP depend on the Schur complement \(S = L - Z J^{-1} Y\).
Scaling Relations for Intercalation Induced Damage in Electrodes

Mechanical degradation, owing to intercalation induced stress and microcrack formation, is a key contributor to the electrode performance decay in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The stress generation and formation of microcracks are caused by the solid state diffusion of lithium in the active particles. In this work, scaling relations are constructed for diffusion induced damage in intercalation electrodes based on an extensive set of numerical experiments with a particle-level description of microcrack formation under disparate operating and cycling conditions, such as temperature, particle size, C-rate, and drive cycle. The microcrack formation and evolution in active particles is simulated based on a stochastic methodology. A reduced order scaling law is constructed based on an extensive set of data from the numerical experiments. The scaling relations include combinatorial constructs of concentration gradient, cumulative strain energy, and microcrack formation. The reduced order relations are further employed to study the influence of mechanical degradation on cell performance and validated against the high order model for the case of damage evolution during variable current vehicle drive cycle profiles.
The Effects of LBO Events on Industry Rivals

The rivals of LBO targets experience an abnormal return on equity of 1.2% in the seven day window surrounding the LBO announcement. There are three hypotheses that may explain the wealth effects: the Pure Acquisition Hypothesis, the Competition Dynamics Hypothesis, and the Private Information Hypothesis. Our analysis provides the most support for the Pure Acquisition Hypothesis, which attributes the wealth effect to the increased probability of the rival firm receiving an LBO offer. We also find support for a version of the Private Information Hypothesis, if the private information is considered to be a general undervaluation of firms in the industry. There is comparatively little support for the Competition Dynamics Hypothesis. This is the first paper to test all three of these hypotheses in the same framework, and updates the existing literature on the subject for the second LBO wave of the late 1990s and 2000s.
The AIDS testing experience of a major company.

Prudential Insurance Company has been testing applicants for antibodies to HIV since 1987. Over the past two years Prudential’s Eastern Operations Center, located in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, has compiled demographic data on HIV positive applicants. These include applicants from Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C.
Brief Interviews: Approaches, Techniques, and Effectiveness:

A study of brief-contact interviews at a psychiatric hospital by social workers indicated that such interviews can reduce long client waiting lists and increase case loads without adding to cost. T...
AirSniffer: A smartphone-based sensor system for body area climate and air quality monitoring

Poor air quality is among the top environmental public health risks and significant amount of costs and productivity losses are considered to be related to poor indoor air quality. Air quality is extremely difficult for human beings to feel or sense so that most people cannot tell whether or not air quality is bad. Meanwhile, most of the existing air quality measurement devices are designed for professionals; they are expensive and beyond the reach of average users. In this paper, we present the AirSniffer, a smart phone-based sensor system, which can be conveniently used for personal body area micro-climate monitoring. The sensor node is implemented with a popular Arduino prototyping board, a Bluetooth module, and a number of low-cost micro sensors. Overall system architecture and the detailed system design are presented in the paper. Some measurement results are also presented to demonstrate the capabilities as well as the usefulness of the system.
Aquaculture Carrying Capacity and Water Quality In Indonesian Lakes and Reservoirs - A New Project

Aquaculture is growing rapidly in Southeast Asia (SEA) and five of the top ten aquaculture producers in the world are countries in SEA. The need to manage aquaculture responsibly is critical. Calculation of aquaculture carrying capacity (ACC) for shared water bodies is necessary for proper management. I review my observations of the needs and capabilities of SEA governments for ACC and then describe a new project in which teams of U.S., U.K. and Indonesian scientists will work on ACC for three Indonesian water bodies – Lake Cirata, Lake Toba and Lake Jatigede.