cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immersive Search: Using Virtual Reality to Examine How a Third Dimension Impacts the Searching Process

In this paper, we present results from an exploratory study to investigate users' behaviors and preferences for three different styles of search results presentation in a virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display (HMD). Prior work in 2D displays has suggested possible benefits of presenting information in ways that exploit users' spatial cognition abilities. We designed a VR system that displays search results in three different spatial arrangements: a list of 8 results, a 4x5 grid, and a 2x10 arc. These spatial display conditions were designed to differ in terms of the number of results displayed per page (8 vs 20) and the amount of head movement required to scan the results (list
Using Creative Problem Solving and Applied Improvisation Techniques to Improve Soft Skills

The ACM/IEEE Information Technology Curricula 2017 report has clearly stated that knowledge of the IT subject matter is not the only important aspect of a technical education. Teaching the 'soft' skills to technical people is just as important as learning the 'hard' skills. However, it is oftentimes left to the hiring company to fill in this void as most STEM related curricula are focused on the necessary science, math, and technical aspect of the related discipline. Creative problem-solving methodologies, design thinking, lateral thinking all tie into the use of improvisation. Companies are using the improvisation methods as a way of creating better collaborative teams and creating a work environment that says 'Yes' before 'No'. Improvisation training can help the rest of us to become better listeners, communicators, collaborators, innovators, and those who can focus on the organization or team story and not their own story.
Enzymatic formation and regulatory function of lipoxins and leukotriene B4 in rat kidney mesangial cells.

Many metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) have been demonstrated to act as second messengers for cellular functions and signal transduction. Following liberation from membrane phospholipids by the actions of phospholipases, arachidonic acid (AA) can be further metabolized by cyclooxygenase (CO), lipoxygenase (LO), and epoxygenase enzyme systems to generate oxygenated metabolites of AA that participate in the regulation of cell function. There are at least three lipoxygenases responsible for the generation of biologically active metabolites from AA. These are the 5-, 12-and 15-lipoxygenases, which give rise to the predominately pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LTs) and the mono and di-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Recently lipoxins, a class of structurally related trihydroxytetraenes derived from AA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been described (1, 2). These compounds are formed by the sequential oxidation of these polyunsaturated fatty acids by 5-lipoxygenase and 15-Lipoxygenase or 12-Lipoxygenase (3,4). Lipoxins possess potent biological activities which are distinct from those of other lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products (5) and in many respects lipoxin have an apparent anti-inflammatory function. For example, prior exposure of neutrophils to LXA4, inhibits LTB4 induced phosphoinositol hydrolysis and impairs the chemotic response of polymorphonuclear cells to both LTB4 and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (6).
Hyalinizing trabecular tumor: Cytologic, histologic and molecular features and diagnostic considerations.

Abstract Hyalinizing trabecular tumors are a follicular origin neoplasm of the thyroid that usually present as an asymptomatic, well circumscribed, solitary mass. However, diagnosis of a hyalinizing trabecular tumor may be challenging especially on fine needle aspiration cytology and requires careful examination of the specimen to rule out potential mimickers such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, paraganglioma, other follicular patterned neoplasms, intrathyroidal parathyroid tissue, and metastatic disease. We will review the cytologic, histologic and molecular features of hyalinizing trabecular tumors that aid in distinction from these mimickers with overlapping morphologic features and help ensure proper diagnosis for appropriate management.
Chapter 5 Volume-Sensitive Alkali Metal-H Transport in Amphiuma Red Blood Cells

Publisher Summary Many cells exhibit volume-sensitive ion flux pathways that are activated by osmotic swelling or shrinkage. Because of activating such pathways, the net ion and osmotically obliged H 2 O fluxes proceed until cell volume is returned toward or to normal levels. These pathways can function in a cell volume regulatory role. The Amphiuma red blood cell exhibits volume-sensitive, net alkali metal and Cl fluxes. The volume-sensitive flux pathways are quiescent in the steady state; yet on activation, they can mediate net fluxes that have greater magnitude than the pathways that function at normal volume. The chapter illustrates changes in cell K and Na content in response to osmotic swelling and shrinkage, respectively. Ca 2+ can activate K loss in a manner similar to osmotic swelling. The diacylglycerol analogs activate both Na–H and K–H exchange, suggests that if diacylglycerol through kinase C is important in volume-dependent activation of alkali metal–H exchange, then other events must be involved in determining alkali metal ion selectivity. Diacylglycerol through protein kinase C appears to play an important role as an activator of a variety of cellular processes. The Amphiuma red blood cell has volume-sensitive ion flux pathways that mediate net Na–H and K–H exchange. When osmotically swollen, the K–H exchange is activated, while osmotic shrinkage activates only Na–H exchange.
The Classically Cardioprotective Agent Diazoxide Elicits Arrhythmias in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

AbstractBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an enhanced propensity for ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) under conditions of metabolic demand. Activation of mitochondria...
Chapter 9 – The Use of Leisure Time

Publisher Summary Leisure is one of the ten important adaptive skills. People with mental retardation have the right to pursue self-determined recreation activities and to experience a leisure-oriented lifestyle. Some people with mental retardation may need supports and services to assist in developing independence skills that support their leisure and recreation. This chapter highlights leisure and recreation as fundamental attributes of a healthy lifestyle, associated with a high quality of life for people with mental retardation. The development of a meaningful leisure lifestyle may be difficult for some persons with disabilities. The Leisure Ability Model is used successfully to ensure the delivery of leisure services to persons with disabilities. Within this model, one first focuses on functional interventions. The therapeutic recreation specialist uses leisure and recreation intervention activities to promote functional rehabilitation goals. The second program feature focuses on leisure education. The importance of leisure education for persons with developmental disabilities is documented. The third program feature focuses on recreation participation. Therapeutic recreation specialists help ensure opportunities exist for a client to be able to participate in recreation and leisure activities for enjoyment.
Ramsey Properties of Countably Infinite Partial Orderings

A partial ordering $\mathbb P$ is chain-Ramsey if, for every natural number $n$ and every coloring of the $n$-element chains from $\mathbb P$ in finitely many colors, there is a monochromatic subordering $\mathbb Q$ isomorphic to $\mathbb P$. Chain-Ramsey partial orderings stratify naturally into levels. We show that a countably infinite partial ordering with finite levels is chain-Ramsey if and only if it is biembeddable with one of a canonical collection of examples constructed from certain edge-Ramsey families of finite bipartite graphs. A similar analysis applies to a large class of countably infinite partial orderings with infinite levels.
Ferromagnetism in post‐annealed sputtered Cr‐doped In2O3 thin films

In the present work, we have studied the effect of a post-annealing process on the magnetic properties of thin films of Cr-doped indium oxide, In2−xCrxO3−δ. Samples with low stoichiometric oxygen deficiency, δ, which is required for ferromagnetic behavior, were fabricated using a DC/RF magnetron sputtering method. The post-annealing process described in this paper allows control of the oxygen deficiency. This method has led to samples which show clear ferromagnetic behavior at both low temperatures and at room temperature with saturation magnetic moments up to ∼1.5 µB/Cr-atoms. The measured high Curie temperature, TC ∼ 740 K, justifies the indirect electron-mediated ferromagnetic coupling of the spins of Cr ions. The ferromagnetic coupling was found to be mostly a bulk effect, which is not affected by the surface of the film.
Establishment of Permanent Cell Lines by Epstein-Barr Virus Transformation

This basic protocol presents Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation of B cells to create a permanent cell line to provide cells for genetic and DNA analysis. Virus stocks are prepared from cultures of an infected marmoset cell line in the first support protocol. Transformed cells may be analyzed immediately or frozen for future use as described in the second support protocol.
New Regulatory Mutation Affecting Some of the Tryptophan Genes in Pseudomonas putida

Three indole analogues, 5-methylindole, 5-fluoroindole, and 7-methylindole, and the tryptophan analogue 5-fluorotryptophan were found to inhibit the growth of wild-type Pseudomonas putida. Mutants resistant to these analogues were obtained. Some of the 5-fluoroindole- and 5-fluorotryptophan-resistant strains exhibit an abnormality in the regulation of certain trp genes. These strains excrete anthranilate when grown in minimal medium in the presence or absence of the inhibitor. In these strains, the trpA, B, and D gene products, the first, second, and fourth enzymes of the tryptophan pathway, are produced in 20-fold excess over the normal wild-type level. The other enzymes of the pathway are unaffected. Exogenous tryptophan is still able to repress the expression of the trpABD cluster somewhat. Similarity between the 5-fluoroindole- and 5-fluorotryptophan-resistant strains suggests that the former compound becomes effective through conversion to the latter. Repression and derepression experiments with two anthranilate-excreting, 5-fluoroindole-resistant strains showed coordinate variation of the affected enzymes. The locus conferring resistance and excretion is not linked by transduction to any of the trp genes.
A Human Resource Planning Model for Hospital/Medical Technologists: An Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach

This paper deals with the development of a human resource planning (HRP) model for hospital laboratory personnel. External and organizational factors impacting the demand and supply of clinical laboratory personnel in an urban academic health center are identified by a Delphi process. These factors are structured into a hierarchy for the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Computer software, Expert Choice, was used in model hierarchy development and judgmental elicitation process. The model result can be applicable to eliciting the perceptions, insights, and understanding of health-care decision-makers for strategic human resource planning.
Extrajudicial Detentions and the Speedy Trial Right: Reflections on United States v. Ghailani

This paper reviews the decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit to uphold the conviction and sentence of Ahmad Khalfan Ghailani, the only Guantanamo detainee to have been transferred to the United States for trial. Ghailani was captured nearly five years before his arraignment, and argued that his constitutional right to a speedy trial was violated by the delay. The paper contends that, in rejecting Ghailani’s argument, the Second Circuit distorted the doctrinal framework governing speedy trial claims and mischaracterized the interests that the speedy trial right is intended to protect. It also explores the implications of the Second Circuit’s decision for cases in which the government asserts a national security interest in postponing a defendant’s prosecution while continuing to hold the defendant in custody. Finally, the paper offers an interpretation of the Supreme Court's speedy trial jurisprudence that deters, rather than incentivizes, the decision to hold individuals in detention for reasons unrelated to the criminal adjudication process.
Behavioral Exploitation Antitrust in Consumer Subprime Mortgage Lending

We analyze whether antitrust might provide an alternative and perhaps superior approach to regulating consumer subprime mortgage lending. Behavioral exploitation antitrust targets commercial conduct of the sort that was observed in consumer subprime mortgage lending in the years leading up to 2007. The welfare effects of that conduct are easily established. Antitrust-based regulation can mitigate those welfare effects. Regulation that does exist, which operates at the level of the individual transaction, may be easily avoided, may be short-sighted, may suffer from enforcement problems that public choice theory explains, and/or may overreach by removing consumer choice. We show that antitrust enforcement under a rule of reason approach avoids those pitfalls. However, none of the three primary approaches to antitrust enforcement – prohibitions of anticompetitive conduct by a dominant firm, prohibitions of anticompetitive agreements, and prohibitions of mergers with incipient anticompetitive effects – in their current form permit resort to antitrust remedies in the consumer subprime mortgage market. We argue that liberalized standards for antitrust enforcement under both Clayton Act section 7 (regulating mergers) and Sherman Act section 1 (regulating concerted conduct), perhaps restricted narrowly to this and closely analogous markets, would be appropriate to gain the benefits of regulation through behavioral exploitation antitrust.
Interventional management of acute ischemic stroke in children

The assessment and interventional management of pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in the acute setting is a chal- lenge, given the lack of safety and efficacy data on available treatment options and the absence of detailed guidelines specific for children. Endovascular therapy in pediatric AIS must be considered experimental and approached cautiously in order to minimize adverse outcomes, as there are no published studies or prospective clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy in the management of pediatric AIS. Additional complicating factors include typically increased delays and increased challenge to appropriate diagnosis in children relative to adults, and underlying differences in the pathophysiology of AIS, the thrombotic cascade, and the natural history of AIS in children. Judicious extrapolation of adult data might be used for treatment of these cases with a highly individualized approach at high-volume centers, by a neurointerventional team in close collaboration with pediatric stroke neurologists. Mechanical approaches may be a safe and potentially effective therapeutic option.
From Gouldner to Gramsci: The Making of Michael Apple's Ideology and Curriculum

AbstractMichael Apple’s Ideology and Curriculum, published in 1979, helped initiate a broad turn in the field of education in the United States to Marxist thought as a lens through which to analyze the relationship between school and society. This classic text continues to inform scholarship in the field. While Ideology has received considerable attention, less explored is Apple’s scholarship that precedes Ideology. Structured by a chronological reading of articles republished in Ideology, this historical essay sheds new light on Apple’s initial formulation of a critical approach to education. In particular, the essay reveals a significant shift in Apple’s Marxist influences, from the work of Alvin Gouldner, Trent Schroyer, and Jurgen Habermas in the first half of the 1970s to work in the British New Sociology of Education (NSE) and the ideas of Antonio Gramsci in the second half. In addition to illuminating our understanding of Apple’s thought and the history of the field, the essay suggests that reflect...
Phylogeny, landmark analysis and the use of wing venation to study the evolution of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae)

Wing venation provides useful characters with which to classify extant and fossil insects. Recently, quantification of its shape using landmarks has increased the potential of wing venation to distinguish taxa. However, the use of wing landmarks in phylogenetic analyses remains largely unexplored. Here, we tested landmark analysis under parsimony (LAUP) to include wing shape data in a phylogenetic analysis of hornets and yellow jackets. Using 68 morphological characters, nine genes and wing landmarks, we produced the first total-evidence phylogeny of Vespinae. We also tested the influence of LAUP parameters using simulated landmarks. Our data confirmed that optimization parameters, alignment method, landmark number and, under low optimization parameters, the initial orientation of aligned shapes can influence LAUP results. Furthermore, single landmark configurations never accurately reflected the topology used for data simulation, but results were significantly close when compared to random topologies. Thus, wing landmark configurations were unreliable phylogenetic characters when treated independently, but provided some useful insights when combined with other data. Our phylogeny corroborated the monophyly of most groups proposed on the basis of morphology and showed the fossil Palaeovespa is distantly related to extant genera. Unstable relationships among genera suggest that rapid radiations occurred in the early history of the Vespinae.
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE METABOLIC RATE OF TWO SPECIES OF WOLF SPIDER (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE)

Abstract Spiders have long been noted as classic examples of extreme sexual dimorphism and adaptations to the lifestyle of a sit-and-wait predator. We examined sex-based differences in the metabolic rate of two species of wolf spider that differ in their degree of sexual dimorphism and predatory strategy. Pardosa milvina (Hentz 1877) is a small active wolf spider that does not exhibit a large degree of sexual dimorphism in body size. Hogna helluo (Walckenaer 1837) is a large, strongly sexually dimorphic wolf spider with large, sedentary females and smaller, active males. We found that P. milvina had a higher mass-specific metabolic rate than H. helluo. Also, P. milvina males had a higher metabolic rate than P. milvina females but there was no difference in mass-specific metabolic rate between H. helluo males and females. Our data demonstrate that an actively foraging species, P. milvina, exhibits a higher metabolic rate than species with a sit-and-wait strategy, H. helluo. This suggests that activity leve...
Application of new 13C n.m.r. techniques to the study of products from catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of SRC-II liquids

A middle-heavy SRC-II distillate (b.p. 230–455 °C), containing 3.0 wt% of oxygen, has been studied by means of 13C n.m.r. at 75, 100 and 125 MHz. The magnetization refocussing techniques INEPT and J-resolved two-dimensional Fourier transform have been utilized to demonstrate methods by which resonance line multiplicities may be determined in complex liquid mixtures. Products derived from the above coal liquid by hydrodeoxygenation at temperatures from 200 to 370 °C, using sulphided Co—Mo and Ni-W catalysts, were also examined. The fraction of aromatic carbon in the hydrotreated liquids was found to correlate directly with their C/H atomic ratio and inversely with the hydrogen content. Comparison of O/C atomic ratios with fa values for these liquids indicates that hydrogen uptake < 260 °C is associated primarily with hydrogenolytic oxygen removal without attendant ring hydrogenation, while at temperatures between 260 and 350 °C hydrodeoxygenation is accompanied by ring hydrogenation and dealkylation reactions.
Specificity of association of a Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase with cholinergic synaptic vesicles from Torpedo electric organ.

Abstract Cholinergic synaptic vesicles from the electric organ of Torpedo californica have been subjected to analytical scale separation techniques not utilized in the isolation procedure, and the ATPase activity of separated fractions determined. Most of the ATPase activity migrated with the vesicles. Sensitivity of the ATPase activity to 16 potential inhibitors also was determined. Most of the ATPase activity was inhibited by low concentrations of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-oxadiazole (NBD-C1) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), but not by a water soluble carbodiimide. The close association of the ATPase with the vesicles and the pattern of inhibition obtained provide further support for the authentic presence of a membrane bound Ca 2+ Mg 2+ ATPase in the cholinergic synaptic vesicle.
Antihormone Effects in Pancreatic Diabetes

Conclusions1. Two completely depancreatized dogs given intra-peritoneal injections of serum from a dog treated over 9 months with anterior pituitary extract showed a marked decrease in the degree of the glycosuria. (2) Two completely depancreatized dogs injected with anterior pituitary extract for 30 or more days showed, after cessation of extract injection, a much less severe diabetes during fasting than before the injections. (3) The metabolic behavior of these 4 dogs was much like that of the depancreatized-hypophysectomized animal.
Synthesis at the molecular frontier

Driven by remarkable advances in the understanding of structure and reaction mechanisms, organic synthesis will be increasingly directed to producing bioinspired and newly designed molecules.
Clinical observations on the functionof the gastroesophageal junction

Summary Evidence is presented which emphasizes the role of the gastroesophageal junction in the control of regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus.
A study of erosion through plate targets

Computational experiments have been performed to study projectile erosion during the various phases of perforation of finite thickness steel plate targets. Studies were conducted at several impact velocities for thin, three-plate, spaced targets separated by one plate thickness. For tungsten alloy projectiles (Wi-Ni-Co), it is shown that the primary phase erosion is quantitatively similar irrespective of impact velocity and results in a perforation efficiency, η p , normally attained only in semi-infinite target, hypervelocity penetration cases. The indifference with respect to velocity is due to the close proximity of the plate rear surface and results in a similarity of the instantaneous perforation efficiency profile through the plate thickness. Further, it is shown that values for the semi-infinite penetration efficiency, as a function of impact velocity, vary during the penetration event and only attain their respective reference values at late-time. In short, P/L is not as velocity differentiated at early-time as it is at late-time. Bulge phase and residual phase erosion results are consistent with the notion that these erosion mechanisms are sensitive to impact velocity. For comparative purposes, simulations were also performed for a single-plate, equivalent line-of-sight (LOS) thickness plate target. In this case, the primary phase only perforation efficiency increases slightly with impact velocity. Taken together, perforation efficiency results for these two finite thickness plate targets and archival data for the penetration efficiency of semi-infinite thick targets suggest a small geometric effect when corresponding data are compared.
Predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms in Oklahoma City: exposure, social support, peri-traumatic responses

Eighty-five adults seeking mental health assistance six months after the Oklahoma City bombing were assessed to determine which of three groups of variables (exposure, peri-traumatic responses, and social support) predicted development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Variables most highly associated with subsequent PTSD symptoms included having been injured (among exposure variables), feeling nervous or afraid (peri-traumatic responses), and responding that counseling helped (support variables). Combining primary predictors in the three areas, PTSD symptoms were more likely to occur in those reporting counseling to help and those feeling nervous or afraid at the time of the bombing. Implications of these findings are discussed for behavioral health administrators and clinicians planning service delivery to groups of victims seeking mental health intervention after terrorist attacks and other disasters.
A Model-Based Framework: An Approach for Profit-Driven Optimization

Although optimizations have been applied for a number of years to improve the performance of software, problems that have been long-standing remain, which include knowing what optimizations to apply and how to apply them. To systematically tackle these problems, we need to understand the properties of optimizations. In our current research, we are investigating the profitability property, which is useful for determining the benefit of applying an optimization. Due to the high cost of applying optimizations and then experimentally evaluating their profitability, we use an analytic model framework for predicting the profitability of optimizations. In this paper, we target scalar optimizations, and in particular, describe framework instances for partial redundancy elimination (PRE) and loop invariant code motion (LICM). We implemented the framework for both optimizations and compare profit-driven PRE and LICM with a heuristic-driven approach. Our experiments demonstrate that a model-based approach is effective and efficient in that it can accurately predict the profitability of optimizations with low overhead. By predicting the profitability using models, we can selectively apply optimizations. The model-based approach does not require tuning of parameters used in heuristic approaches and works well across different code contexts and optimizations.
Effects of chronic buspirone treatment on nicotine and concurrent nicotine+cocaine self-administration.

Nicotine dependence and cocaine abuse are major public health problems, and most cocaine abusers also smoke cigarettes. An ideal pharmacotherapy would reduce both cigarette smoking and cocaine abuse. Buspirone (Buspar) is a clinically available, non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic medication that acts on serotonin and dopamine systems. In preclinical studies, it reduced cocaine self-administration following both acute and chronic treatment in rhesus monkeys. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of chronic buspirone treatment on self-administration of intravenous (IV) nicotine and IV nicotine+cocaine combinations. Five cocaine-experienced adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained to self-administer nicotine or nicotine+cocaine combinations, and food pellets (1 g) during four 1-h daily sessions under a second-order schedule of reinforcement (FR 2 (VR16:S)). Each nicotine+cocaine combination maintained significantly higher levels of drug self-administration than nicotine or cocaine alone (P<0.05–0.001). Buspirone (0.032–0.56 mg/kg/h) was administered IV through one lumen of a double-lumen catheter every 20 min for 23 h each day, for 7–10 consecutive days. Each 7–10-day sequence of buspirone treatment was followed by saline-control treatment for at least 3 days until food- and drug-maintained responding returned to baseline. Buspirone dose-dependently reduced responding maintained by nicotine alone (0.001–0.1 mg/kg/inj; P<0.01) and by nicotine (0.001 or 0.0032 mg/kg/inj)+cocaine combinations (0.0032 mg/kg/inj; P<0.05–0.001) with no significant effects on food-maintained responding. We conclude that buspirone selectively attenuates the reinforcing effects of nicotine alone and nicotine+cocaine polydrug combinations in a nonhuman primate model of drug self-administration.
The Bayesian Lasso

The Lasso estimate for linear regression parameters can be interpreted as a Bayesian posterior mode estimate when the regression parameters have independent Laplace (i.e., double-exponential) priors. Gibbs sampling from this posterior is possible using an expanded hierarchy with conjugate normal priors for the regression parameters and independent exponential priors on their variances. A connection with the inverse-Gaussian distribution provides tractable full conditional distributions. The Bayesian Lasso provides interval estimates (Bayesian credible intervals) that can guide variable selection. Moreover, the structure of the hierarchical model provides both Bayesian and likelihood methods for selecting the Lasso parameter. Slight modifications lead to Bayesian versions of other Lasso-related estimation methods, including bridge regression and a robust variant.
Turning around Maple Shade Middle School: A Principal's Initial Reform Efforts.

This case was written for use in courses dealing with school administration, specifically those related to organizational change, school improvement/turnaround, and the principalship. It explores a veteran principal’s first year as a “turnaround specialist” in a low-performing middle school, where she works with a sense of urgency to achieve an increase in student achievement. Students reading the case should assume the role of the principal as they analyze and reflect on changes made during year one and determine a course of action for year two.
THE ETHICS OF COMMUNITY nancy, blanchot, esposito

AbstractThis paper analyzes the varying conceptions of ethics underpinning the accounts of community in Blanchot, Nancy, and Esposito. A focus on ethics brings into relief points of divergence amongst accounts of community that otherwise overlap and share in many significant ways. Furthermore, it provides a basis to better assess Esposito's contribution. I focus on the concepts of difference and transcendence and the figure of the lovers, a shared topos in Nancy and Blanchot, to demonstrate these subtle variations. In turning to Esposito, Kantian-inflected notions of duty, obligation, and law shape a community where others recede into the background and the lovers lose their visibility. I suggest that Esposito's focus on duty has consequences that give cause for further reflection. The law renders each of us other, but in its universality it risks losing a sense of the exceptional. Relying etymologically on the notion of duty as that which, following his reading of Kant, undermines the subject and renders...
Cellular Processing of Myocilin

Background Myocilin (MYOC) is a gene linked directly to juvenile- and adult-onset open angle glaucoma. Mutations including Pro370Leu (P370L) and Gln368stop (Q368X) have been identified in patients. In the present study, we investigated the processing of myocilin in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells as well as in inducible, stable RGC5 cell lines.
The Effect of Individual Difference Variables on Information Sharing in Decision-Making Groups

We examined need for cognition, social desirability, and communication apprehension for their influence on the mention and repetition of shared and unshared information in 8-person decision-making groups. Both need for cognition and social desirability influenced the discussion of shared and unshared information in decision-making groups. The findings indicate that increasing motivation to participate in group discussions may not help overcome the bias favoring shared over unshared information. Additionally, there are indications that social desirability increases the repetition of shared information. This finding is consistent with the idea of mutual enhancement (i.e., the idea that group members discuss shared information because it enhances their position with other group members).
Quantum-mechanical uncertainties in the measurement of mass, charge, spin, and multipole moments of a black hole

By considering a set of gedanken experiments we show how quantum mechanics imposes uncertainties on the mass, charge, spin, and multipole moments of a black hole. In the case of mass and charge the only limitation on the precision of the measurement arises from the size of the universe. However, in the case of the spin the limitation on the measurability arises from the intrinsic properties (horizon) of the black hole. The uncertainty in the spin is always larger than $\frac{\ensuremath{\hbar}}{2}$. It is shown how the mass, charge, and spin of the black hole have to be considered as purely classical parameters deprived of any quantum property.
Johann Baptist von Schweitzer: the queer Marx loved to hate.

Despite his conviction on a morals charge involving a boy, the early German Social Deomocrat Johann Baptist von Schweitzer went on to have a successful political career. His life furnishes the context to present remarks by his political opponents Marx and Engels, which reveal their deep-seated homophobia. It is pointed out that this has been glossed over by the translations of the recently published Marx/Engels Collected Works. Some remarks on boy-love and anarchism are appended.
EXCIPLEX STUDIES–V. ELECTRON EJECTION FROM INDOLE AND METHYL‐INDOLE DERIVATIVES*

— Electron-scavenging experiments with N2O as scavenger demonstrate at least two electron-producing reactions of the excited singlet states of the exciplex species formed by indole or 1 -methyl-indole with water. Most electrons reacting with N2O result from collision of the scavenger with a metastable state formed from the initial exciplex state but finite electron yields from indole and 1-methyl-indole at limiting scavenger concentrations suggest that the intermediate states also eject electrons directly into the solvent. The formation of the first metastable state from the fluorescent exciplex state has an activation energy, EM, estimated to be about 13 kcal/mole for both indole and 1 -methyl-indole water exciplexes. The EM values for 1-methyl-indole from fluorescence and electron yields are the same, Indicating that at neutral and alkaline pH fluorescence quenching and electron extraction are both being controlled by the formation of the first metastable intermediate. Observed electron yields from indole-water and indole-methanol exciplexes are less than predicted using fluorescence data, although EM values of 1 kcal/mole are obtained for the indole-methanol exciplex by both methods. At pH 12·0 and 28°C the total electron yields for indole-water and 1 -methyl-indole-water exciplexes are 0·30 and 0·25, respectively. The residual yields attributed to outright formation of hydrated electrons from the initial exciplex excited stateare 0·11 and 0·05, respectively. Electron yields from the indole-water exciplex are strongly pH dependent only near pH 1 where the fluorescence yields as well as the electron yields decrease rapidly with increasing acidity. The 1-methyl-indole-water exciplex shows an additional pH dependence which is first-order in hydrogen-ion activity and has an effective pKa of about 11·5. Comparable yields for indole and 1-methyl-indole are found only above pH 12. High electron yields are found with indole in the exciplex-forming solvent dioxane and in the non-exciplex forming solvent cyclohexane. For the latter system electrons are probably derived only from the lowest excited state of indole on collision with N2O.
Using Descriptive Drawings as a Conceptual Change Strategy in Elementary Science

This research was conducted to examine the conditions under which learner-generated illustrations serve as an instructional strategy promoting conceptual change. Specifically, the nature of students' misconceptions and the effects of student-generated descriptive drawings on conceptual understanding of scientific principles associated with the law of conservation of energy were studied. Students were randomly assigned to groups in which they copied an illustration, generated a drawing, or wrote a description about the principles. A statistically significant difference on a posttest conceptual understanding measure was found between students who generated descriptive drawings and those who wrote in a science log. Students who copied an illustration also scored higher than the writing group, but not at a significant level. Also, the quality and number of concept units present in the drawing/writing log were significantly correlated with posttest and delay test scores. Findings suggest that under certain conditions, descriptive drawing is a viable way for students to learn scientific concepts, a finding which supports the use of generative drawings as a conceptual change strategy.
Improvements in an Automatic Mesh Generation System for Complex Biological Topologies: Multi-Domain Analysis

Fully automated mesh generation remains a difficult challenge for complex organic shapes encountered in bioengineering. The topologies are often complex and in most practical applications have multiple domains.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A Systematic Approach for Medical Language Processing: Generating Derivational Variants

Medical language processing seeks to analyze linguistic patterns in electronic medical records, which requires managing lexical variations. A systematic approach to generating derivational variants, including prefixes, suffixes, and zero derivations, has improved precision and recall rates.
Early experience, ultrasonic vocalizations, and maternal responsiveness in rats

Following a 2-min exposure to 5–6°c, neonatal rats emit ultrasounds for about 5 min, resulting in effective maternal care. Five minutes of 5–6°C, causes prolonged ultrasonic vocalizations and correlated agitation in the mothers. The nonlinear effects of variable intensities of neonatal stimulation appear to related to these differences in maternal behavior.
Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Studies of MnZn-Ferrite Films

The magnetic properties of MnZn-ferrite are greatly affected by the distribution and valence state of the magnetic and nonmagnetic metallic ions on the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites in the spinel ferrite unit cell. A primary factor which can affect the distribution and valence state of the metallic ions is the stoichiometry of the ferrite. In this paper we report on the results of the site occupancy of the transition metal ions in a series of MnZn-ferrite films using extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The EXAFS data are correlated with the film composition and those magnetic properties which are sensitive to the ionic distribution (e.g., magnetic anisotropy field and magnetization) in order to confirm the use of EXAFS as a technique for the investigation of metallic ion distribution in spinel ferrites.
Head Pain as a Result of Experimental Ischemic Exercise of the Temporalis Muscle

SYNOPSIS Reports indicate that ischemia relative to cranial muscle activity accompanies muscle contraction headache and jaw claudication. The purpose of this study was to experimentally create ischemia in exercising temporalis muscle in order to determine if this combination would produce head pain. Ten subjects were studied during each of three experimental conditions: temporalis muscle ischemia, rhythmic temporalis muscle exercise, and both ischemia and temporalis muscle exercise combined. Ischemia was produced by a scalp sphygmomanometer and verified by Doppler ultrasonic flowmetry of the superficial temporal artery. Temporalis muscle exercise was produced by gum chewing at 60 strokes/min using 30% of maximum electromyographic (EMG) activity. The time to onset of pain and the time to reach pain tolerance were measured. Pain, using either exercise or ischemia alone developed in a median time of 27 minutes and was seldom located in the temporal area. Pain, using both exercise and ischemia, developed in a median time of three minutes and was predominantly located in the temporal area. Both onset and tolerance times were shorter in the combined protocol when compared to ischemia or exercise alone (r<.001). Tenderness to palpation was observed in the temporal muscle following the combined procedure but not following the individual procedures. The results support the view that ischemic temporal muscle activity can produce head pain.
Milk agent and natural antisheep agglutinins in mice of inbred strains.

ConclusionThe results of this study, as well as earlier findings(2) of a low incidence of antisheep agglutinins in animals of strains B alb C and Akm, which do not carry the agent, show that there is no relationship between presence or absence of the milk agent in mice and the incidence of natural antisheep agglutinins.
The cytology of the hypophysis cerebri of the bat

A cytological study of the hypophyses of more than 100 female bats, collected at fortnightly intervals from October to April, is reported. The bats were decapitated within 24 hours after collection. and then hypophyses fixed in Champy's fluid or Helly's fluid followed by staining by the acid fuchsin-thionin-aurantia method of Kull. The pars distalis, pars intermedia, and pars nervosa lie adjacent to one another in the flattened gland. In some hypophyses the lumen of the original buccal evagination persists as a narrow residual cleft which may be expanded to form ciliated vesicles. Observations on cell size. nucleoplasmie ratio, degree of chromaticity in the nucleus, staining reactions of the cytoplasm and secretory granules, and the presence of chondriosomes, secretory granules, and vesicles in the cytosome are recorded. Secretory cells and histiocytes are idintified. Sceretoty cells are found in successive stages of growth, differentiation, secretion, and degeneration. Cells which have discharged their secretion apparently do not resynthesize secretory granules. Mitosis is not observed. The available evidence suggests utilization of a large supply of embryonic cells as the source of the fully differentiated cells. The cells of the pars intermedia are interpreted as potential secretory cells which do not differentiate under the inadequate nutrient conditions of that region.
Systematic assessment of communication games and simulations: An applied framework

This article reviews a framework for the assessment of instructional simulations and games advanced by Ruben and Lederman and applies it specifically to communication games and simulations. The article specifies the common components of simulations and games (roles, interactions, rules, goals, outcomes) and the three criteria (validity, reliability and utility) by which they can be assessed. Finally, the article provides a model for the step by step inclusion of these criteria into the selection/design, use and assessment of simulations and games.
Serine Phosphorylation-regulated Ubiquitination and Degradation of β-Catenin *

Several lines of evidence suggest that accumulation of cytoplasmic β-catenin transduces an oncogenic signal. We show that β-catenin is ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteosome and that β-catenin stability is regulated by a diacylglycerol-independent protein kinase C-like kinase activity, which is required for β-catenin ubiquitination. We also define a six-amino acid sequence found in both β-catenin and the NF-κB regulatory protein IκBα, which, upon phosphorylation, targets both proteins for ubiquitination. Mutation of a single serine within the ubiquitination targeting sequence prevents ubiquitination of β-catenin. Mutations within the ubiquitination targeting sequence of β-catenin may be oncogenic.
Down and out in Arabidopsis: the formation of lateral roots

The number and placement of lateral roots on the primary root is not predetermined, but can be drastically affected by the availability of water and nutrients in the soil. To respond to local and often transient conditions, the plant must be able to perceive environmental cues and respond by initiating lateral roots in appropriate positions. This involves recruiting small numbers of mature cells to resume dividing and enter a program of postembryonic organogenesis. Through the use of new mutants and molecular markers of cell differentiation, the molecular mechanisms involved in lateral root initiation and development are beginning to be understood.
Culture and politics in healthcare reform. Reflections on solidarity, healthcare, and the welfare state.

Language can be a useful tool for probing cultural attitudes. In continental Europe, for instance, it is not possible to talk about healthcare systems for long without encountering the word ‘solidarity’. Not only is it used in conversation, it is also found in government documents where it is referred to as a fundamental principle on which health systems are based. Furthermore, a literature search will identify multiple references that relate the term solidarity to healthcare in Europe. By contrast, the word is seldom heard in American dialogue and is rarely referred to in the American literature. This article briefly explores the possible significance of this difference in language, and how it relates to healthcare reform and the welfare state.
Transcendental leadership: The progressive hospitality leader's silver bullet

Abstract The paper's purpose is to convey a progressive transcendental leadership model that aims to improve hospitality practices. It defines the concept of leadership, explores the attributes of multistream leadership behaviour, and analyzes recent leadership theories. The main consequence of the paper is that the paradigm presented provides theorists and practitioners opportunities for future research and industry application. Executives who have the power to effect change could assimilate the information in the article.
Syntheses and structural characterization of heterometallic bis(pyrazolyl)methane complexes of rhenium and platinum

The new heterometallic complex {μ-1,3,5-[CH(pz) 2 ] 3 C 6 H 3 }[Re(CO) 3 Br][Pt( p -tolyl) 2 ] 2 has been prepared by reaction of 1 equiv. of the dimer [Pt( p -tolyl) 2 (μ-SEt 2 )] 2 with the monometallic rhenium precursor {1,3,5-[CH(pz) 2 ] 3 C 6 H 3 }Re(CO) 3 Br, where 1,3,5-[CH(pz) 2 ] 3 C 6 H 3 is the tritopic, arene-linked bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligand 1,3,5-tris[bis(1-pyrazolyl)methyl]benzene. Similarly, the heterometallic complex {μ-1,3,5-[CH(pz) 2 ] 3 C 6 H 3 }[Re(CO) 3 Br] 2 [Pt( p -tolyl) 2 ] has been made by the reaction of the dirhenium compound {μ-1,3,5-[CH(pz) 2 ] 3 C 6 H 3 }[Re(CO) 3 Br] 2 and one-half of an equivalent of [Pt( p -tolyl) 2 (μ-SEt 2 )] 2 . X-ray crystallographic studies of the new compounds reveal significant noncovalent interactions in their molecular and supramolecular structures.
Attitudes, mode switching behavior, and the built environment: A longitudinal study in the Puget Sound Region

Abstract Carpooling in the US has a storied history. After experiencing a peak 20% mode share in 1980, the current share of carpooling for work trips is about 10% and the majority of these carpooling trips are made by intra-household members. Casting the choice between SOV and carpool as a social dilemma in which SOV is a noncooperative choice and carpool is a cooperative one, we propose to test two hypotheses. First, the switch from SOV to carpool and the reverse choice are attributed to different factors—structural factors, or those factors altering the objective features of a decision scenario such as travel time and travel cost, play a dominant role in the switch from carpool to SOV while psychosocial factors (attitudes and beliefs) play a critical role in the switch from SOV to carpool. Second, the two choices are underlay by different behavioral mechanisms. In particular, we expect self-justification by carpool-to-SOV switchers—after they switch from carpool to SOV, they adjusted their attitudes toward carpool accordingly to match their behavior. The analysis of the first three waves of the Puget Sound Transportation Panel supports these two hypotheses. Our study results recommend developing programs and policies that aim at influencing people’s subjective assessments of carpooling, in addition to the existing ones that mostly focus on incentivizing carpooling, and differentiating between programs seeking to encourage SOV users to switch to carpool and those aiming to maintain existing carpoolers.