cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of consumer decision‐making behavior of married and cohabiting couples

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to compare the consumer decision‐making behavior between married and cohabiting couples.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 40 cohabiting couples and 53 married couples in a western state via a self‐administered questionnaire. The structure and the instrument used replicated the Gadis et al. study in exploring consumer decision‐making processes of married couples.Findings – Married couples tended to be more syncratic than cohabiting couples in their decision to purchase forms of savings in this phase, but more autonomic when purchasing alcoholic beverages. Cohabiting couples were found to be more syncratic in their decision making for these products at this phase than married couples. The results, when compared to those of 18 years ago found that men and women of married couples make purchasing decisions separately, while men and women of cohabiting couples made most of theirs together. Implications of the findings were then discussed.Practical i...
The Effect of Multisensory Instruction Upon the On-Task Behaviors and Word Reading Accuracy of Learning Disabled Children

The effects of multisensory instruction upon the word reading accuracy and on-task behaviors of seven-, eight-, and nine-year-old learning disabled students were investigated during a series of four experiments. Visual and auditory instruction with and without teacher praise was compared with a visual, auditory, kinesthetic and tactile instruction with and without teacher praise. Results of the single subject reversal design experiments indicated that all four types of instruction increased word reading accuracy when compared with pretest scores. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in effectiveness among the four treatments. Visual-auditory instruction alone was far less effective than visual-auditory with praise and the multisensory procedure with or without praise. Alternatively, visual-auditory with praise was the most effective of all the procedures.
The power of power-laws: Or how to save power in SoC

Power and energy issues have significantly gained in importance in computing environments in the last few decades. In a world of mobile devices and massive-scale data centers, low-power systems are crucial for cost, availability, and the environment. Minimizing power consumption in a computing system is a complex problem that can be addressed with various strategies and on various levels. In this paper we focus on System-on-Chip (SoC), and in particular on power-efficient Network-on-Chip (NoC) topologies. The popular saying that “there ain't no such thing as a free lunch” applies to computing systems likewise. In the quest for power and performance optima in the design space of NoC, we investigate non-local interconnect architectures for SoC. By adopting a complex network perspective and by employing an optimization technique, we show that small-world networks with power-law distance-dependent wire-length distributions are more power-efficient while offering the same performance than simple small-world topologies. We argue that such networks occupy optimal spots in the design space of NoCs. Our results are particularly relevant for addressing the scalability problem of global (or long-range) links, for building more power-efficient computers, and for emerging computing devices built through self-assembly.
Growth Stimulant and Antifeedant Activity in Bermuda Grass Affecting the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Dietary nutrients were identified by mass spectroscopy from chromatographic isolates of the neutral lipid fraction of Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon L. (Pers.). These included methyl and ethyl linolenate, vitamin E (γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol), and the 3 sterols: campestrol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol. Gas liquid capillary chromatographic analyses of these molecules indicated significant differences among the Bermuda grass genotypes, especially in sterol composition. Campestrol was present in most of the genotypes examined with stigmasterol and sitosterol, showing the greatest variability in abundance and occurrence among the Bermuda grass lines. Larvae of fall armyworm, Spodopterafrugiperda (J. E. Smith), fed on diet supplemented with the lipid fraction showed significantly higher larval weight accumulation (28-54%) compared with controls. Larval growth was variably dependent on the genotype or somaclone lipid profile. These findings confirm a major role for neutral lipids in insect growth physiology and, by implication, are key elements in Bermuda grass nutritive value. Additionally, an antifeedant also was isolated from Bermuda grass. A crude sohxlet extract from Bermuda grass (line OSU 71 X6-7) was sequentially fractionated by silica gel flash column and reverse-phase high-pressure'liquid chromatography (HPLC). A bioassay-guided scheme with the fall armyworm yielded an active antifeedant fraction eluting at 10% EtOAc/ CH 2 Cl 2 , from which a single active component was isolated by HPLC. The biological effects of these isolates on neonate fall armyworm larvae included a retardation of larval growth (80% reduction in larval weight) and an increase in duration to pupal metamorphosis (70%) that were significantly different from either control treatments or other chromatographic fractions. A concentration-dependent antifeedant response with the isolate to topically treated diet plugs was observed.
Fractal to Nonfractal Phase Transition in the Dielectric Breakdown Model

A fast method is presented for simulating the dielectric-breakdown model using iterated conformal mappings. Numerical results for the dimension and for corrections to scaling are in good agreement with the recent renormalization group prediction of an upper critical ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}4$, at which a transition occurs between branching fractal clusters and one-dimensional nonfractal clusters.
Evolution and equilibrium under inexact information

Abstract We study a general model of stochastic evolution in games, assuming in which players have inexact information about the game's payoffs or the population state. We show that when the population is large, its behavior over finite time spans follows an almost deterministic trajectory. While this result provides a useful description of disequilibrium behavior adjustment, it tells us little about equilibrium play. To address this issue, we establish that the equilibrium behavior of a large population can be approximated by a diffusion. We then propose a new notion of stability called local probabilistic stability (LPS), which requires that a population which begins play in equilibrium settle into a fixed stochastic pattern around the equilibrium. We use the diffusion approximation to prove a simple characterization of LPS. While LPS accords closely with standard deterministic notions of stability at interior equilibria, it is significantly less demanding at boundary equilibria.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF BONE MARROW IN THE PELVIS AND FEMUR OF YOUNG DOGS

The purpose of this study was to determine the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of bone marrow in the pelvis and femur of normal, young dogs. Six greyhounds were imaged at 4, 8, 12, and 16 months of age. Sagittal images of the femur and dorsal images of the pelvis were obtained with T1-weighted, fast spin echo (FSE) T2-weighted, and short tau (T1) inversion recovery (STIR) sequences. On T1-weighted images areas with high signal intensity, similar to fat, included the femoral heads, mid-diaphysis of the femur, femoral condyles, and the body of the ilium. T2-weighted images were characterized by uniform intermediate signal intensity (less than fat, but greater than muscle) in the femoral head, high signal intensity, similar to fat, in the mid-diaphysis of the femur and ilial body, and intermediate to high signal intensity in the femoral condyle. By 16 months high signal intensity was seen in the diaphysis and distal metaphysis on both T1- and T2-weighted images. On STIR images the femoral head had intermediate to low signal intensity, compared with muscle. The mid-diaphysis of the femur was of low signal intensity, similar to fat, and the body of the ilium had mixed signal intensity at all ages. The femoral condyle had inhomogenous, intermediate to low signal intensity at 4 months, but was of uniform low signal intensity at 8-16 months.
Proposal to add anthrostratigraphic and technostratigraphic units to the stratigraphic code for classification of anthropogenic Holocene deposits

Anthropogenic surficial deposits are formed from Holocene and older deposits that have been so modified by human activity that their original form is unrecognizable. Because their characteristics are fundamentally different from those of natural origin, the creation of special stratigraphic categories seems justified. Two new material categories are proposed for the stratigraphic classification of anthropogenic deposits. An anthrostratigraphic unit (ASU) is defined as a stratiform or irregularly shaped body of anthropogenic origin in the sedimentary record distinguished and delineated on the basis of lithologic characteristics and/or bounding disconformities. An anthropogenic origin is indicated if the deposit (1) lies beneath an anthropogenic landform, (2) contains artifacts, (3) shows evidence of artificial mixing or other human disturbance, and/or (4) was imported from offsite and is allochthonous. The basic ASU is the anthrostratum, defined as a mostly stratiform body of artificially mixed earth (rock...
A serological assay for the detection of cell surface receptors of nerve growth factor.

When single-cell suspensions prepared from embroyonic day 8 (E8) chick sensory ganglia are incubated with nerve growth factor (NGF), anti-NGF antiserum, and complement, an NGF-dependent cytotoxic kill of 20 (±3)% of the ganglia cells is observed. This percentage is increased by a factor of two when only the neuronal cells are tested. No kill is observed on the nonneuronal cell population representing 50% of the ganglia dissociate. When E8 sensory ganglia cells are cultured in the presence of NGF following cytotoxic kill, the large, phase-bright NGF-reponsive neurons are missing from the culture. These results indicate that the cells recognized in the cytotoxicity assay have to carry NGF-binding sites of type I, which is the one with the higher affinity of the two types of NGF-binding sites (I and II) present on sensory ganglia cells. This conclusion is further supported by the following data: (a) half maximal cytotoxicity is reached already at a concentration of NGF which is below the KD of binding site I; (b) a washing step which removes all NGF bound to type II receptors while leaving a high percentage of type I receptors occupied has no effect on the percentage of ganglia cells killed. Using the cytotoxicity assay the presence of high-affinity binding sites of type I can be demonstrated on sensory ganglia cells from E8 chick embryos but not from E4 embryos and not on liver and heart cells from E8 embryos. Further, type I receptor-bearing cells were detectable in the brain using this assay. At E8, NGF receptors could be detected on cells of the forebrain and the tectum but not on brain stem cells. Cytotoxic kill of forebrain cells was found to be especially high at E8 and E9, and decreased by E10.
Carbonate petrology of an Upper Ordovician—Silurian section at the Lone Mountain, Eureka County, Nevada

Abstract This preliminary petrographic study of a Paleozoic carbonate section (Upper Ordovician to Silurian) in the Lone Mountain district in east-central Nevada provides new information on its microfacies and dolomitization. The occurrence of diversified microfacies in rocks from this section reveals the complex nature of their depositional history, as well as the subsequent diagenesis. Most microfacies from these rocks fall into two general groups: (1) dolomite facies which predominates in the Hanson Creek Formation (Upper Ordovician to Lowest Silurian) and the Lone Mountain Unit 1; and (2) dolomitized limestone facies which is common in the Lone Mountain Formation (Upper Silurian). The dolomite in the mid-Paleozoic carbonate section of the Lone Mountain is overwhelmingly diagenetic in origin. The early diagenetic dolomite is characterized by its homogeneous texture, uniform medium-to-coarse grain size and poorly preserved fossil impressions. The fossil content in this type of dolomite indicates its original calcareous nature. On the other hand, the late-diagenetic dolomite is characterized by its heterogeneous texture, non-uniform grain-size, detrital-quartz content and the presence of partly or incompletely altered fossil structures.
Shifts in the optimal temperature for nocturnal CO2 uptake caused by changes in growth temperature for cacti and agaves

When the day/night air temperatures were raised from 10°C/10°C to 30°C/30°C, the optimal tempearture for nocturnal CO2 uptake by six species of cacti and three species of agave shifted from an average of 12°C to an average of 20°C. The maximum rate of CO2 uptake was higher for Agave americana at the higher ambient temperature, lower for A. deserti, and much lower for A. utahensis, consistent with the relative mean temperatures of their native habitats. For the cactus Coryphantha vivipara, which had the greatest temperature shift observed (13°C), the halftime was 8 days for the upward shift and 4 days for the downward shift. The halftimes for the comparable shifts averaged 1.6 days for three other species of cacti and less than 1 day for two agave species. The shifts in the optimal temperature for nocturnal CO2 uptake were in response to changes in nighttime temperature, at least for C. vivipara, and reflected temperature responses of both the stomates and the chlorenchyma.
A High-Throughput Approach for Identification of Novel General Anesthetics

Anesthetic development has been a largely empirical process. Recently, we described a GABAergic mimetic model system for anesthetic binding, based on apoferritin and an environment-sensitive fluorescent probe. Here, a competition assay based on 1-aminoanthracene and apoferritin has been taken to a high throughput screening level, and validated using the LOPAC(1280) library of drug-like compounds. A raw hit rate of approximately 15% was reduced through the use of computational filters to yield an overall hit rate of approximately 1%. These hits were validated using isothermal titration calorimetry. The success of this initial screen and computational triage provides feasibility to undergo a large scale campaign to discover novel general anesthetics.
Art Critic: Multisignal Vision and Speech Interaction System in a Gaming Context

True immersion of a player within a game can only occur when the world simulated looks and behaves as close to reality as possible. This implies that the game must correctly read and understand, among other things, the player's focus, attitude toward the objects/persons in focus, gestures, and speech. In this paper, we proposed a novel system that integrates eye gaze estimation, head pose estimation, facial expression recognition, speech recognition, and text-to-speech components for use in real-time games. Both the eye gaze and head pose components utilize underlying 3-D models, and our novel head pose estimation algorithm uniquely combines scene flow with a generic head model. The facial expression recognition module uses the local binary patterns with three orthogonal planes approach on the 2-D shape index domain rather than the pixel domain, resulting in improved classification. Our system has also been extended to use a pan-tilt-zoom camera driven by the Kinect, allowing us to track a moving player. A test game, Art Critic, is also presented, which not only demonstrates the utility of our system but also provides a template for player/non-player character (NPC) interaction in a gaming context. The player alters his/her view of the 3-D world using head pose, looks at paintings/NPCs using eye gaze, and makes an evaluation based on the player's expression and speech. The NPC artist will respond with facial expression and synthetic speech based on its personality. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the system are performed to illustrate the system's effectiveness.
Insufficiency of carotid and vertebral flow velocity in cerebrovascular disease: A continuous wave doppler study

In patients with cerebrovascular disease, quantitative Continuous Wave Doppler sonograms were made of carotid and vertebral arteries. In transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) all flow velocity insufficiencies were found to be related to stenosis. In stroke, however, a relatively high percentage of insufficiencies proved not to be related to stenosis. A disturbed autoregulation seems the most acceptable explanation.
ATS-6 - A satellite for human needs

On May 30, 1974, NASA launched the ATS-6 experimental communications satellite into a geosynchronous orbit at a station centered over the United States. The 1400 kg satellite was designed to be body-stabilized with a 3-axis control system capable of precision offset pointing. It deployed a 9.1 meter (30 foot) parabolic reflector antenna with a transponder that covered a frequency range from VHF through C-band. The high RF gains obtained with the antenna were to be used for many dramatic communications experiments, one of which was the Health/Education Telecommunications Experiment (HET), a demonstration of direct broadcast of color television to low cost terminals in remote regions of the United States. More than 120 terminals with 3-meter antennas were deployed in Alaska, Washington, the Rocky Mountains, and Appalachia to provide educational and health services to selected community centers. After 11 months of nearly continuous service, the performance of both the satellite and the experiment have exceeded all expectations.
In situ Raman spectroscopy of aza-arenes adsorbed at the aqueous/silica interface

Raman spectroscopy is used to study the effect of pH on the solute/sorbent interactions and the chemical nature of the adsorbed species at the aqueous/silica interface for the aza-arenes acridine, quinoline, and pyridine. The neutral aza-arene is hydrogen-bonded to surface sites in aqueous media in which the pH is above the pKa of the compound. A protonated aza-arene/ClO4- ion pair interacts with surface sites in aqueous solutions in which the pH is below the pKa of the compound. These results may be useful in predicting the fate of these environmentally significant compounds in groundwater.
The anorectic effect of fenfluramine is influenced by sex and stage of the estrous cycle in rats

The controls of food intake differ in male and female rats. Daily food intake is typically greater in male rats, relative to female rats, and a decrease in food intake, coincident with the estrous ...
In situ chemical experiments in carbon nanotubes

Abstract Understanding the interaction of water-based liquids with carbon at the nanoscale is very important for exploring the potential of carbon nanotubes in nanofluidic chips, probes, and capsules for drug delivery. By using hydrothermal synthesis, we produced closed hydrophilic multiwall carbon nanotubes filled with aqueous fluid. They allow for the first time high-resolution in situ studies of an interface between fluid and carbon in TEM. Strong interaction between the liquid and walls, intercalation of nanotubes with O–H species and dissolution of walls upon heating have been demonstrated. Thermodynamics simulation was used to explain the interaction of nanotubes with fluid.
Synergistic effect of an ultraviolet feeding cue for an avian repellent and protection of agricultural crops

a b s t r a c t Application strategies for avian repellents are needed to maintain efficacious repellent concentrations throughout the period of needed crop protection. We investigated the repellency of an ultraviolet (UV) feeding cue in the absence of postingestive consequences, the combination of the UV feeding cue and an UV-absorbent, postingestive repellent (i.e., a repellent that causes negative postingestive consequences), and a non-UV feeding cue combined with the UV-absorbent, postingestive repellent in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). In the absence of negative postingestive consequences, 0.2% of the UV feeding cue (wt/wt) was not aversive relative to untreated food (i.e., baseline preference test; P = 0.1732). Relative to the repellency of food treated only with the anthraquinone-based repellent, synergistic repellency (i.e., 45–115% increase) was observed when 0.2% of the UV feeding cue was combined with 0.02% or 0.035% anthraquinone (wt/wt). In contrast, <10% repellency was observed for 0.2% of a non-UV feeding cue (red #40 aluminum lake disper
Anion Transport in Red Blood Cells. III. Sites and Sidedness of Inhibition by High-Affinity Reversible Binding Probes

Studies of binding of the reversible inhibitor DNDS (for abbreviations, see Nomenclature) and red blood cell membranes revealed 8.6 +/- 0.7 x 10(5) high-affinity binding sites per cell (KD = 0.8 +/- 0.4 muM). Under conditions of "mutual depletion," inhibition studies of anion exchange revealed 8.0 +/- 0.7 x 10(5) DNDS inhibitory sites per cell (KD = 0.87 +/- 0.04 muM). Binding and kinetics studies with DNDS indicate that there are 0.8 -- 0.9 x 10(6) functional anion transport sites per blood cell. The transport of DNDS displayed high temperature and concentration dependencies, chemical specificity, susceptibility to inhibition by DIDS, and differences between egress and ingress properties. Under conditions of no DNDS penetration (e.g., 0 degrees C), inhibition of anion exchange by DNDS showed marked sidedness from the outside inhibitions and were demonstrable at micromolar concentrations, whereas from the inside no inhibition occurred even at millimolar concentrations. The asymmetry of DNDS transport properties and the sidedness of binding and inhibition suggest that anion transport sites have a very low affinity for or are inaccessible to DNDS at the inner membrane face. The site of DNDS permeation, although susceptible to DIDS, is apparently not the site of anion exchange.
Complex Powers of the Neumann Laplacian in Lipschitz Domains

Let Lr(Ω) be the usual scale of Sobolev spaces and let ∆N be the Neumann Laplacian in an arbitrary Lipschitz domain Ω. We present an interpolation based approach to the following question: for what range of indices does (−∆N )− r 2 +iδ map {f ∈ Lq(Ω); ∫ Ω f = 0} isomorphically onto Lr(Ω)/IR ?
The Ebola Virus Matrix Protein VP40 Selectively Induces Vesiculation from Phosphatidylserine-enriched Membranes *

Ebola virus is from the Filoviridae family of viruses and is one of the most virulent pathogens known with ∼60% clinical fatality. The Ebola virus negative sense RNA genome encodes seven proteins including viral matrix protein 40 (VP40), which is the most abundant protein found in the virions. Within infected cells VP40 localizes at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM), binds lipids, and regulates formation of new virus particles. Expression of VP40 in mammalian cells is sufficient to form virus-like particles that are nearly indistinguishable from the authentic virions. However, how VP40 interacts with the PM and forms virus-like particles is for the most part unknown. To investigate VP40 lipid specificity in a model of viral egress we employed giant unilamellar vesicles with different lipid compositions. The results demonstrate VP40 selectively induces vesiculation from membranes containing phosphatidylserine (PS) at concentrations of PS that are representative of the PM inner leaflet content. The formation of intraluminal vesicles was not significantly detected in the presence of other important PM lipids including cholesterol and polyvalent phosphoinositides, further demonstrating PS selectivity. Taken together, these studies suggest that PM phosphatidylserine may be an important component of Ebola virus budding and that VP40 may be able to mediate PM scission.
Bladder Exstrophy Combined with a Small Bladder Plate: Indication for Cystectomy or Primary Closure?

Purpose Specialists debate whether it is reasonable or not to preserve a bladder exstrophy plate with a minimum size of less than 25 – 30 mm. Many urologists recommend that cystectomy be performed and the ureters be diverted from the bladder to an isolated segment of bowel. Is it possible to preserve bladder function in patients with minimum bladder sizes? Material and Methods Over a period of 1996-2008, 60 children from two days to eight months of age underwent surgical repair of bladder exstrophy. Group 1 included 42 (60%) children with a satisfactory size (>30 mm) of bladder plate, and group 2 included 18 (30%) with a small size ( Results The outcomes of primary closure were analyzed with regard to detrusor volume and dry periods. In the children under one year of age, the volume of the bladder was 30-70 ml in group 1 and 20-40 mm in group 2. However, 12 children from group 2 voided small portions of urine with dry periods of up to 10-15 min. At the age 1-3 years old, the children from group 2, with small bladder plates, underwent Cantwell-Ransley repair combined with grafting dorsal surface of corporeal bodies with endoscopic VUR correction (STING) as the second step of treatment. Finally, the bladder volume in the children from group 2 increased up to 50-60 ml, with dry periods of up to 30-40 min. At the next step of treatment, six patients from group 2 underwent uretrocystoneoctomy and bladder neck plasty. As a result, in the children of 1-3 years old, with small bladder plates, the bladder volume was 70-120 ml and dry periods were 40-70 min. Conclusions Our findings evidence that, even with small bladder plates, it is possible to achieve satisfactory outcomes of treatment of bladder exstrophy
Concentrations and source insights for trace elements in fine and coarse particulate matter

Abstract The Colorado Coarse Rural–Urban Sources and Health (CCRUSH) study is a multi-year study focused on characterizing the mass, composition and sources of coarse particulate matter (PM10−2.5) in Denver and Greeley, CO. Between the two cities, Denver is expected to have greater influence of industry and motor vehicles as sources of PM10–2.5. Greeley is a smaller city with greater expected influence of agricultural activity. As part of the CCRUSH study, we collected integrated 24-h samples of PM from four sites in Denver and Greeley at six day intervals from February 2010 to March 2011. Dichotomous samplers with Teflon filters were used to obtain samples for gravimetric and elemental analysis. Magnetic Sector Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (SF-ICP-MS) was used to analyze digests of monthly composited filter samples for 49 elements. Thirty-nine elements were retained for statistical analysis after excluding those with low signal-to-noise ratios. The elements Sb, Cd, Zn, Mo, As, B, Cu, Pb, and W had crustal enrichment factors greater than 10 in the PM2.5 and PM10–2.5 size ranges in both Denver and Greeley. Using positive matrix factorization (PMF) with bootstrap uncertainty estimation, we identified five factors influencing the element concentrations: a crustal factor contributing to both PM2.5 and PM10–2.5; a sodium-dominated PM10–2.5 factor likely associated with road salt; a vehicle abrasion factor contributing in both size ranges; a regional sulfur factor contributing mainly to PM2.5 and likely associated with coal combustion; and a local catalyst factor identified with high Ce and La enrichment in PM2.5 at one of the sites in Denver.
A comparison of single and multiple strategy instruction on third-grade students' mathematical problem solving.

The purposes of this study were to assess the differential effects of a single strategy (schema-based instruction; SBI) versus multiple strategies (general strategy instruction, GSI) in promoting mathematical problem solving and mathematics achievement as well as to examine the influence of word problem-solving instruction on the development of computational skills. Eighty-eight 3rd graders and their teachers were assigned randomly to conditions (SBI and GSI). Students were pre- and posttested on mathematical problem-solving and computation tests and were posttested on the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment Mathematics test, a criterion-referenced test that measures student attainment of academic standards. Results revealed SBI to be more effective than GSI in enhancing students' mathematical word problem-solving skills at posttest and maintenance. Further, results indicate that the SBI groups' performance exceeded that of the GSI group on the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment measure. On the computation test, both groups made gains over time.
Conduction velocities in single fibers of the visual radiation

Abstract Antidromic activation of a unit in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body is defined as a response which follows stimulation in the striate cortex with a latency less than 0.8 msec or which exhibits both of the following characteristics: constant latency throughout the period of observation for all suprathreshold stimulus intensities; and continuous, inverse relationship between the latency of the response to the second of two equal stimuli and the time interval between the two stimuli at small values of the interval. Conduction velocities of antidromic spike propagation in seventy-three such units were found to occupy the range between 8 and 100 m/sec with relatively dense distributions at 18, 33 to 40, and 67 m/sec. Reasons are given for the conclusion that most, if not all, of these units projected to the striate cortex in the posterior portion of the lateral gyrus. The population response predicted by the observations of this sample agrees well with those recorded by macroelectrodes for the cases of both antidromic and orthodromic propagation.
Effect of pH on pyrazine formation in glucose—glycine model systems

Abstract Pyrazines produced from a d -glucose/ l -glycine model browning system at eight pH values ranging from one to 12 were isolated by extraction and identified by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Thirty-two compounds were identified in this study including: 19 pyrazines, nine other nitrogen-containing (non-pyrazine) products, and four oxygenated products. As the pH increased, the number of pyrazines produced also increased. The greatest varieties of pyrazines were produced at pH 9.00 and 9.64 in which all 19 pyrazines detected in this study were formed at trace or greater quantities. The major pyrazines generated were 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine and 2,3-diethylpyrazine.
Conditions for a mixture to be ideal

Abstract It is proved that a mixture is “ideal” at some fixed temperature and pressure if the partial molar Gibbs free energy of each species depends only on the mole fraction of that species.
Oxygen reduction reaction catalysts prepared from acetonitrile pyrolysis over alumina-supported metal particles.

Noble-metal-free active catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an acidic environment were prepared from the pyrolysis of acetonitrile at 900 °C over alumina and metal-doped alumina. This work includes analyses of the nitrogen-doped carbon preparation process, characterization of the carbon materials formed, and activity testing for the ORR. The nitrogen-containing carbon nanostructures that formed during the pyrolysis of acetonitrile could be purified by washing the product with hydrofluoric acid. A wide range of techniques were used to characterize the solid carbon products of the acetonitrile decomposition. While the samples have many similar physical properties, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed evidence that differences in the nanostructure and surface functional groups of the samples are likely to account for observed differences in oxygen reduction activity. The most active catalysts were prepared over alumina impregnated with up to 2 wt % Fe,...
Reversing a Performance Slide: When Does Cutting Costs or Dumping Assets Help Firms Most?

The article presents a commentary on corporate restructuring practices to reverse performance slides. The author contends that the success of restructuring appears to depend on whether the specific activities involved are matched with the life-cycle stage of the firm's industry. He says choosing incorrectly could further degrade a company's performance. A common restructuring strategy is retrenchment, the steps a firm takes to withdraw from all or part of a business. Research has shown that asset and cost retrenchment differs significantly in terms of their effect on firm performance.
Interaction between Laterally Loaded Pile and Surrounding Soil

AbstractA fully instrumented experiment was conducted to investigate the soil-structure interaction of single short, stiff laterally loaded piles. A hollow steel pipe pile with a diameter of 102 mm, a thickness of 6.4 mm, and a length of 1.524 m was installed in well-graded sand and subjected to increasing lateral load. The pile and surrounding soil were fully instrumented using advanced sensors, including flexible shape acceleration arrays, thin tactile pressure sheets, and in-soil null pressure sensors. The sensors attached to the pile were used to develop the compressive soil-pile interaction pressures and the lateral displacement along the pile length. The tactile pressure sheet sensors provided the soil-pile interaction compressive pressures on the circumference of the pile at a specific depth and along the length of the pile. The measured soil-pile interaction compressive pressures combined with the measured lateral displacement along the pile length were used to develop the soil-pile interaction fo...
Wortmannin inhibits the growth of mammary tumors despite the existence of a novel wortmannin-insensitive phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase.

Purpose: Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase is an important mediator of many cellular functions. The study of PtdIns 3-kinase has been facilitated by the existence of the potent irreversible inhibitor of p110 PtdIns 3-kinase, wortmannin. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the cell growth inhibitory activity and antitumor activity of wortmannin and inhibition of PtdIns 3-kinase. Methods: PtdIns 3-kinase activity was measured in cells and tumors and the effects of wortmannin investigated. Results: Wortmannin inhibited the growth of murine C3H and human MCF-7 mammary tumors in vivo. However, the ability of wortmannin to inhibit C3H tumor growth was not related to inhibition of tumor PtdIns 3-kinase activity. The existence of wortmannin-insensitive PtdIns 3-kinase activity was demonstrated in C3H and MCF-7 cell culture lysates and solid tumors, and normal mouse tissue homogenates. In addition to being resistant to inhibition by wortmannin, MCF-7 cell lysate total PtdIns 3-kinase activity was also resistant to five additional known inhibitors of p110 PtdIns 3-kinase. Partial purification of wortmannin-insensitive PtdIns 3-kinase from MCF-7 cell lysate showed the activity to be independent of the PtdIns 3-kinase p85 regulatory subunit. Conclusion: The results of the current study demonstrate that wortmannin can inhibit the growth of murine and human mammary tumors despite the presence of novel wortmannin-insensitive PtdIns 3-kinases in these tissues suggesting that some other target is responsible for wortmannin's antitumor activity.
Perinatal Antidepressant Use: Understanding Women’s Preferences and Concerns

Perinatal depression is prevalent and linked with a host of adverse consequences for women and newborns. Rates of engagement in depression treatment are, however, strikingly low among pregnant and postpartum women, with the majority of affected women receiving no mental health treatment. Research indicates that perinatal women are extremely reluctant to take antidepressant medications, yet the nature of women's concerns and treatment decision- making patterns have not been well documented. Developing a clearer understanding of women's treatment preferences and behaviors may help identify solutions to the under-treatment of perinatal depression. In this mixed methods study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 61 pregnant women, approximately half of whom were experiencing clinical levels of depression. In addition to assessing psychiatric diagnoses, symptoms, and functional impairment, we conducted qualitative interviews addressing women's preferences for depression treatment, concerns, and decision-making patterns. Consistent with prior reports, women were significantly more likely to voice a preference for non-pharmacologic depression treatments, as opposed to antidepressant medications. Many depressed women reported a great degree of uncertainty regarding how to treat their depression, and those with more severe depression symptoms were more likely to endorse decisional conflict. Analysis of qualitative comments yielded detailed information about the nature of women's concerns and preferences related to use of antidepressant medications and other aspects of treatment engagement. We discuss findings in the context of improving patient-centered care for perinatal depression.
Mobile Phone Enabled Social Community Extraction for Controlling of Disease Propagation in Healthcare

New mobile phones equipped with multiple sensors provide users with the ability to sense the world at a microscopic level. The collected mobile sensing data can be comprehensive enough to be mined not only for the understanding of human behaviors but also for supporting multiple applications ranging from monitoring/tracking, to medical, emergency and military applications. In this work, we investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of using human contact traces collected from mobile phones to derive social community information to control the disease propagation rate in the healthcare domain. Specifically, we design a community-based framework that extracts the dynamic social community information from human contact based traces to make decisions on who will receive disease alert messages and take vaccination. We have experimentally evaluated our framework via a trace-driven approach by using data sets collected from mobile phones. The results confirmed that our approach of utilizing mobile phone enabled dynamic community information is more effective than existing methods, without utilizing social community information or merely using static community information, at reducing the propagation rate of an infectious disease. This strongly indicates the feasibility of exploiting the social community information derived from mobile sensing data for supporting healthcare related applications.
Thermal management in optical MEMS

Micromachined devices are often connected to their underlying substrate by only a few small beams and are susceptible to a host of unwanted thermal effects. For many non-optical structures, thermal degradation begins with buckling or catastrophic thermal breakdown. In optical devices, however, the wavelength of light places an upper limit on the acceptable mechanical deformation, and large aberrations can be induced by relatively small changes in shape. Calculating quantitative limits on the incident optical power, applied current, and operating temperature of a device will require a strong understanding of its heat transfer and elastic response. This paper discusses the heat transfer and thermal deformation of optical MEMS components. First, the thermal conductance of microfilaments and micromirrors is discussed followed by a treatment of the thermal expansion deformation of micromirrors with temperature. Finally, mirror shape stabilization using stress compensation and thermal conductance control using electrostatic actuation are summarized.
Rigid body collision detection on the GPU

We propose a technique for collision detection of rigid bodies using cube-maps. This technique runs entirely on today's GPUs. Conventional rigid body collision detection algorithms run on the CPU. This technique is highly parallel in nature and highly scalable. At the core of the algorithm is the idea of creating a cube-map for each unique object. This cube-map stores the distances to the surface of the object from its centroid. The algorithm has two steps - a preprocessing step, and a run-time step. Preprocessing is done only once per unique object and the run-time step is evaluated for every instance of the object every frame.
Spectroscopic factors from the reaction 30Si(d, p)31Si

Abstract The 30 Si(d, p) 31 Si reaction has been studied at deuteron energies of 7.00 and 10.00 MeV, and angular distributions have been measured for the transitions to the lowest seven states of 31 Si. The data are analysed with the DWBA theory, and the spectroscopic properties of the states are extracted on this basis. Fluctuations in the experimental cross sections were investigated for deuteron energies between 6.5 MeV and 7.5 MeV and were found to be less than 20% for the strongly excited states. The valuesof the spectroscopic factors S were found to depend significantly in some instances upon details of the DWBA calculations.
Synergistic temperature and pH effects on glass (T g ) and stimuli-responsive (T SR ) transitions in poly(N-acryloyl-N′- propylpiperazine-co-2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate) copolymers

N-Acryloyl-N′-propylpiperazine (AcrNPP) and 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate (EEMA) monomers were copolymerized to form random stimuli-responsive p(AcrNPP/EEMA) copolymers in a form of colloidal dispersions which upon coalesce form uniform films. The presence of AcrNPP units facilitates temperature and pH responsiveness, thus resulting in composition-dependent and pH–temperature sensitive endothermic transitions: the glass (Tg) and stimuli-responsive (TSR) transitions. These studies show that the relationship between the newly discovered TSR and known Tg relaxations can be predicted by the following formula: 1/TSR = [Tg1 × Tg2 × (Tbinary − T)]/[Tbinary × T × (Tg1 − Tg2) × Tg] + (Tg1 × T − Tbinary × Tg2)/[Tbinary × T × (Tg1 − Tg2)], where TSR is the stimuli-responsive transition temperature, Tg is the glass transition temperature of the copolymer; Tbinary is the temperature of stimuli-responsive homopolymer in a binary polymer–water equilibrium, Tg1 and Tg2 are the glass transition temperatures of stimuli-responsive and non-stimuli-responsive homopolymers, respectively, and T is the film formation temperature. Experimental spectroscopic and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) evidence showed that dipole–dipole interactions are responsible for the molecular changes at the TSR for a non-protonated state, and the shift of the TSR under protonated conditions is attributed to the synergistic pH and temperature effects associated with H-bonding and conformational backbone and side chain rearrangements. Computer simulations also showed that the buckling of the copolymer backbone and collapse of propylpiperazine groups occur above TSR. The total energies (ΔEtotal) of the TSR transitions for protonated and non-protonated states are 159 and 132 kcal mol−1, respectively, and are in good agreement with the energy values determined experimentally (DSC).
Renormalization and Periodic Orbits¶for Hamiltonian Flows

We consider a renormalization group transformation \(\) for analytic Hamiltonians in two or more dimensions, and use this transformation to construct invariant tori, as well as sequences of periodic orbits with rotation vectors approaching that of the invariant torus. The construction of periodic and quasiperiodic orbits is limited to near-integrable Hamiltonians. But as a first step toward a non-perturbative analysis, we extend the domain of \(\) to include any Hamiltonian for which a certain non-resonance condition holds.
Environment of Deformation, Monkton Quartzite, Shelburne Bay, Western Vermont

A 700-m 2 outcrop of Monkton Quartzite, located 275 m above the Champlain thrust and 760 m south of the Shelburne Bay cross fault, contains two generations of fractures, two generations of wrench faults, and en echelon fractures in sinistral and dextral arrays. Feather fractures are associated with some of the faults. Microscopic structures include planes of hematitic inclusions, recrystallized quartz veins with prograde chlorite, unfilled fractures, and quartz deformation lamellae. All large- and small-scale structures were produced by two relatively simple stress fields that were orthogonally superimposed so that the directions of σ 1 and σ 3 were interchanged from the first to the second generation. Quartz deformation lamellae developed only during the first event. Evidence based on the small angle of shear failure from the deduced position of σ 1 , experimental compression tests on the Monkton Quartzite, the angle between the c axis and the pole to deformation lamellae ( c ∧⊥dl) in deformed quartz, and the assemblage quartz-hematite-chlorite suggest that deformation at Shelburne Access Area developed in a shallow crustal environment (less than 1,830 m) as a result of a long period of stress in a large area; this stress system underwent local modification toward the end of the period. Structures of the first generation probably formed under decreasing lithostatic pressure and increasing rates of strain. The first-generation wrench faults are correlated with the Shelburne Bay cross fault, which offsets the north-trending trace of the Champlain thrust. The inferred direction of σ 1 is remarkably similar for all these structures, regardless of scale. The wrench faults are thought to be part of the Acadian orogeny of Middle to Late Devonian age.
Integrated simulation of tritium permeation in solid breeder blankets

Abstract Numerical simulation of co-permeation of tritium and hydrogen from breeding zones to the coolant in the helium cooled pebble-bed blanket is performed in this paper. 3D multi-species convection–diffusion models integrated with thermal-fluid analysis in porous media are assessed and then used to estimate the associated tritium permeation for a solid breeder blanket module. Benchmark calculations give a reasonable agreement on the co-permeation rates with the experimental data. Simulation in a TBM unit show that purge gas flow can strongly affect tritium transport, increasing the purge flow velocity is an effective method to reduce tritium permeation to the coolant. In the case where hydrogen is added to the purge gas stream to promote tritium release, the co-permeation of H2, T2, and HT are taken into account in the permeation simulation, results show that permeation flux of T–T molecules is reduced due to the effect of co-permeation of hydrogen.
The effect of triorthocresyl phosphate, a delayed neurotoxin, on the testes of young broilers.

Abstract Broiler chickens were raised in brooder batteries. At 6 weeks of age 10 chickens were given either a single oral dose of triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP) at 500 mg kg body wt. or corn oil as a vehicle. The testes of both groups were examined morphologically and histologically. Changes in characteristics of testicular atrophy in the TOCP-treated group were clearly evident. The results also suggest that TOCP, a delayed neurotoxin, may induce sterility in young male chickens by an unknown mechanism.
Forward Euler Solutions and Weakly Invariant Time-Delayed Systems

This paper presents a necessary and sufficient condition for the weak invariance property of a time-delayed system parametrized by a differential inclusion. The aforementioned condition generalizes the well-known Hamilton-Jacobi inequality that characterizes weakly invariant systems in the nondelay setting. The forward Euler approximation scheme used in the theory of discontinuous differential equations is extended to the time-delayed context by incorporating the delay and tail functions featuring the dynamics. Accordingly, an existence theorem of weakly invariant trajectories is established under the extended forward Euler approach.