cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dirac RPA for Finite Nuclei

The Dirac-Hartree model for ground states of doubly closed-shell nuclei has been extensively studied1,2. In this paper I wish to discuss a version of the Random Phase Approximation (RPA) for nuclear excited states which has the Dirac-Hartree for finite nuclei as its starting point. This RPA treatment is self-consistent throughout and automatically incorporates a number of physically desireable features including exact conservation of the electromagnetic current and complete separation of spurious and non-spurious levels. I will discuss two distinct computational approaches to this Dirac RPA problem, one of which avoids basis truncations by automatically including both the positive and negative energy continua with correct continuum boundary conditions. A unified approach for extracting the nuclear response for both discrete and continuum excitations will be outlined. The sum rules for this version of the Dirac RPA will also be discussed. Finally directions for future study will be addressed.
Imaging services flight software on the Mars Exploration Rovers

The imaging services module of the Mars Exploration Rovers' on-board flight software is responsible for providing image data to the rest of the system. It acquires images from a suite of cameras, performs on-board image processing, labels the results with metadata, and delivers the final products to a diverse set of consumers, both on board and on the ground. The demands for flexibility and speed led to a design involving multiple tasks and a large set of parameters controlling the acquisition of the images, the on-board processing, and the method of product delivery.
The Challenge of Taxing Business in Outer Space

Technological socially constructed and society shaping.1 An electrical power system, for example, requires transmission lines and transformers to deliver services. To operate the system, members of society form organizations, such as cooperatives or businesses, enter into contracts, and enact regulations. Currently, technologies are being developed that will result in significant economic activity in outer space. This construction will undoubtedly result in significant social change, such as the creation of new enterprises, multinational agreements, and tax regulations. Many of society's activities are regulated through the sovereign power of nation-states. Nations defend property rights and establish court systems to resolve disagreements. Residents are subject to taxation by authorities to finance these protective and other governmental activities. The administration of tax authorities therefore has
The influence of shift work on emotional exhaustion in firefighters

Purpose – With the demand for continuous services increasing, organizations have relied more upon shift work to adapt to the needs of consumers. However, relatively little research has adequately explored the effects of different types of shifts on emotional exhaustion, particularly as they relate to work‐family conflict and social support. In this paper based on the conservation of resources (COR) model of stress, a mediated model where shifts that demand more resources related to the work‐family interface will be more likely to lead to emotional exhaustion is argued. The paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approach – A study of 168 fire service personnel from departments working on three different shift systems is conducted. The participants complete survey measures of emotional exhaustion, work‐family conflict, support, and demographic controls.Findings – The paper suggests that more demanding shifts, those that lead to less time spent off the job in continuous blocks, are associated wi...
An empirical potential for the O-H ⋯ O hydrogen bond: Part 2. Comparison with observed hydrogen bond geometries

Abstract The room temperature distribution of O-H ⋯ O hydrogen bond geometries has been predicted by a Monte Carlo calculation, with an empirical potential energy function for the hydrogen bond. The results are compared with a recent survey of hydrogen bonds in carbohydrate crystal structures. The calculated and observed distributions of the O-H ⋯ O angle have mean values of 165.5° and 167.1° respectively. Both the theoretical and experimental results suggest that short O ⋯ H hydrogen bonds tend to be more linear than long O ⋯ H bonds. The distribution of hydrogen bonding within the lone pair plane of the acceptor oxygen atom is predicted to be broader than the distribution perpendicular to this plane, in agreement with the experimental data. The empirical hydrogen bond function, in conjunction with the molecular mechanics program MMI, has also been used to predict the geometries of inter-residue hydrogen bonds in five disaccharides. The O ⋯ H distances and O-H ⋯ O angles are reproduced with r.m.s. deviations of 0.06 A and 9° respectively.
INTEGRATING EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AND SOCIAL WORK FIELD EDUCATION

The social work academic community is currently considering and critiquing the idea of evidence-based practice (EBP). Given the vital part that practicum education plays in the social work profession, understanding the views of field instructors on this subject is essential. The George Warren Brown School of Social Work at Washington University surveyed 283 field instructors within 180 agencies and found that the majority (87%, N=235) viewed it as a useful practice idea. However, most of the indicators employed to assess use of scientific evidence in social work practice revealed that it occurs too infrequently. A lack of time was reported as the greatest obstacle.
Protein engineering for materials applications

The advent of recombinant DNA technology has provided new approaches to the synthesis of proteins with periodic structures. Reports are now emerging that describe the implementation of this technology for protein engineering of natural periodic proteins and for the de novo design of protein-like polymeric materials.
FREUD'S CONSULTING ROOM ARCHAEOLOGY AND VICO'S PRINCIPLES OF HUMANITY: A COMMUNICATION

Giambattista Vico (1668-1744) and Freud both claim to have discovered a‘new science’of the human. This essay considers some intellectual connections between their two views of man, consciousness and history. Both Vico and Freud find burial and origin to be keys to an understanding of the psyche and culture. Although some attention has been given to a connection between these two thinkers, this is the first time the fundamentals of their views have been explored in philosophical terms.
Isomorphisms of stratified semigroup algebras

Let S and T be finite nilsemigroups. Necessary conditions are given for the semigroup algebras K[S] and K[T] over a field K to be isomorphic. These conditions are sufficient when S and T have homogeneous presentations
The Effects of Amoxicillin Therapy on Skin Flora in Infants

In order to determine the effect of amoxicillin therapy on the perineal skin microbial flora in infants, we took quantitative bacterial and fungal cultures of perineal and sternal areas from 25 infants treated with amoxicillin (40 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. Specimens were obtained prior to therapy, within 3 days of conclusion of therapy, and 14-16 days later. Immediately following therapy, a decline in the number of bacterial isolates occurred on both the perineum (89 to 47) and sternum (84 to 39). The greatest decline occurred in the number of anaerobic bacteria (mostly Peptostreptococcus spp. and Propionibacterium acnes). Other organisms that were less often isolated were aerobic streptococci and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The number of Candida albicans isolates increased from 3 to 11 (p < 0.05) on the perineum, and 1 to 7 (p < 0.025) on the sternum. Four of the infants developed diaper dermatitis. The density of C. albicans increased more than 14-fold following amoxicillin therapy. Cultures done 14-16 days after cessation of therapy revealed an increase in the number of bacterial isolates on the perineum (47 to 72) and on the sternum (39 to 61) and a decline in recovery of C. albicans. This study demonstrates the effects of amoxicillin on the ecology of skin microbial flora in infants-a decrease in the number of bacterial isolates and an increase in recovery of C. albicans.
Master's Degree in Economics: Missions and Methods

The report of the Commission on Graduate Education in Economics addressed questions related to doctoral programs but did not address terminal masters' degree programs in economics. This article fills this void and addresses the missions and methods of those masters' programs. A surprising lack of variation in the various programs is found despite different stated program goals and institutional characteristics.
Application of high-power pulse-width-modulated hybrid motor controllers to stabilized gimbal systems

Once available only as expensive custom designs, high-power hybrid PWM controllers are now available as commercial-off- the-shelf items from several suppliers at competitive prices. These units are hybrids in the sense that they provide analog front-ends, digital switching logic, and power output drivers in one package. The space and parts- count reduction provided by high-power PWM hybrids is substantial, making these parts attractive to use in large stabilized gimbal systems. Unfortunately, not all PWM hybrid designs are well suited to this application. Motor control for stabilization is discussed generally, and PWM design for stabilization application is discussed specifically. Key features of good design are identified and described in detail. Implementation issues are addressed.
Influence of Red Blood Cell Concentrations on the Measurement of Turbulence Using Hot-Film Anemometer

Measurement of local velocity fluctuations was made with an L-shaped conical hot-film probe in a submerged circular jet. The experiment was carried out in solutions of washed human red blood cells (RBC) in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS), at hematocrit concentrations (Ht percent) of 10, 19, 29, and 38 percent. The viscosity of the testing solutions was kept at 3.2 c.p. by adding proper amount of dextran. The experiment was conducted at Reynolds numbers (NR) 674, 963, 1255 and 1410, based on the jet exit velocity and exit diameter. Statistical analyses were performed on the recorded instantaneous velocity signals to obtain the root-mean-square (rms) values, the probability density functions (PDF) and the power spectral density functions (PSDF) of the signals. Within the range tested, we noticed an incidental rise in rms values at 19 to 29 Ht percent for NR = 963 similar to those reported earlier in the literature. Further analyses using PDF and PSDF, however, showed neither a trend nor any physical significance of this rise. Based on the analyses of both the PDF and the PSDF, we believe that the incidental rise in rms value can be partially attributed to the high spikes registered by the probe in a high RBC concentrations fluid flow. The bombardment of RBC on the probe thermal boundary layer may cause a characteristic change in the probe response to certain flow phenomenon, at least within the Reynolds number range used in this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Utilizing Dynamically Coupled Cores to Form a Resilient Chip Multiprocessor

Aggressive CMOS scaling will make future chip multiprocessors (CMPs) increasingly susceptible to transient faults, hard errors, manufacturing defects, and process variations. Existing fault-tolerant CMP proposals that implement dual modular redundancy (DMR) do so by statically binding pairs of adjacent cores via dedicated communication channels and buffers. This can result in unnecessary power and performance losses in cases where one core is defective (in which case the entire DMR pair must be disabled), or when cores exhibit different frequency/leakage characteristics due to process variations (in which case the pair runs at the speed of the slowest core). Static DMR also hinders power density/thermal management, as DMR pairs running code with similar power/thermal characteristics are necessarily placed next to each other on the die. We present dynamic core coupling (DCC), an architectural technique that allows arbitrary CMP cores to verify each other's execution while requiring no static core binding at design time or dedicated communication hardware. Our evaluation shows that the performance overhead of DCC over a CMP without fault tolerance is 3% on SPEC2000 benchmarks, and is within 5% for a set of scalable parallel scientific and data mining applications with up to eight threads (16 processors). Our results also show that DCC has the potential to significantly outperform existing static DMR schemes.
Plato's Greater Hippias

A pproximately thirty-five years ago the authenticity of the Greater Hippias was a subject thoroughly aired, particularly by Dorothy Tarrant, who took the negative side, and by G. M.A. Grube, who in the judgment of numerous Platonists successfully defended the composition as genuine.' The Tarrant-Grube "dialogue" reflects the debate which began in the days of Schleiermacher, who concluded that of the two treatises named after Hippias the Greater Hippias is more likely to be genuine. It was Ast who was the first vigorous sceptic; his negative opinion has attracted such scholars as Ueberweg, Zeller, Horneffer, F.W. R6llig, Zilles, Bruns, Jowett, Windelband, Goedeckemeyer, Gomperz, Pohlenz, Wilamowitz, and D. Tarrant. On the affirmative side the following Platonists concur: Socher, Steinhart, Susemihl, Munk, K. F. Hermann, Stallbaum, G. Burges, Diimmler, Apelt, Vrijlandt, Wichmann, Depr6el, Adam, Burnet, Mauersberger, Raeder, Ritter, von Arnim, Comford, Shorey, A. E. Taylor, P. Friedlander, Ross, G. M. A. Grube, and M. Soreth, who wrote the most recent volume on the Greater Hippias.2 It is not the prime purpose of the present paper to enter the debate, except as a 7a'pEpyov, because we feel that G. M. A. Grube has presented the case thoroughly and sufficiently. In our judgment the most weighty evidence is that of Aristotle; in the words of Sir David Ross: "... the
Factors influencing implementation of kangaroo holding in a Special Care Nursery.

PURPOSE To describe factors identified by nurses that promote kangaroo holding in the Special Care Nursery (SCN) environment. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Descriptive survey. Sixty-seven experienced registered nurses completed a survey to identify factors that support the implementation of kangaroo holding, including assessment strategies of the infant and family, staffing requirements, and necessary environmental considerations at a 70-bed tertiary care, Level III SCN. RESULTS Although the primary factor for implementing kangaroo holding was the assessed physiologic stability of the infant (stated by 98.5% of nurses), other factors identified as integral components included adequate staffing patterns, maternal readiness, and encouragement from management. Nurses with 5 or more years of SCN practice were more likely to implement kangaroo care (KC) as an intervention to support attachment for any gestational age neonate. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The nurses in this study identified management support as an essential factor in utilizing KC, including "educational programs," "adequate staffing" (so coworkers could help if necessary), and "encouragement" from management as factors that support the practicing nurse in instituting KC. Nursing managers can use this information to help start KC programs in their settings that include adequate education for staff, appropriate staffing to allow time for parent education, and a supportive approach toward fostering KC among infants and parents.
Spatial dependence of the phase in localized bioelectrical impedance analysis.

The variety of phase functions, θ(z) = arctan X(z)/R(z), observed earlier on the thighs of healthy and seriously ill subjects via localized bioelectrical impedance analysis, can be represented by a model which combines realistic thigh shapes with homogeneous, axially symmetric conductivity tensors. While quantitative results depend sensitively on the way current is injected, it appears to be generally true that dθ/dz z (and vice versa), where r and z are the phases of the radial and longitudinal conductivity components.
Evaporative water loss, corporal temperature and the distribution of sympatric fiddler crabs (Uca) from south Texas.

Desiccation and thermal stress are among the primary factors limiting terrestriality in crustaceans. Water loss was estimated as weight change in five sympatric species of Uca from south Texas for periods up to 7 hr in dry air. Simultaneously, corporal temperature was measured with a thermocouple placed under the carapace. To estimate integumental permeability to water, 115 mm2 portions of dorsal carapace were glued to U-shaped tubes containing a crab Ringer's solution. These were exposed to dry air and water permeability was estimated from weight change. In whole-animal studies, most rapid weight loss occurred in the first 5 min of exposure to dry air as the body temperature fell below ambient (25°C) in all species. The three most terrestrial species exhibited significant survival over more aquatic congeners after prolonged desiccation. The greatest rate of water loss was observed in Uca subcylindrica which lost 22.9 ± 3.0% body weight. Uca panacea and Uca spinicarpa lost 14.1 ± 1.6% and 18.5 ± 1.8%, respectively. Based on blood osmolarity changes, Uca longisignalis and Uca rapax were more resistant to water loss than Uca subcylindrica under these conditions. Water loss from sections of the dorsal carapace were highest in Uca spinicarpa (10.4 mg/hr/cm2) and Uca longisignalis (8.9 mg/hr/cm2). Uca subcylindrica and Uca panacea were intermediate (4.5 and 4.2 mg/hr/cm2) while Uca rapax expressed the lowest value (2.9 mg/hr/cm2). These observations support the notion that water loss can effectively lower body temperature in fiddler crabs. However, an inverse relationship between terrestriality and integumental permeability was not evident in these sympatric congeners. Ultimately a balance between physiological and behavioral mechanisms must be achieved for adaptation to the semi-arid habitats in south Texas.
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria in the Digestive Tract of the Mexican Fruit Fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae)

In Mexico City in 1962–63 we conducted tests to determine whether the intestinal tract of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), contained a bacterial symbiont as in the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae (Gmelin) (Petri 1909). We reasoned that if we could demonstrate that such an organism were present, the fly could possibly be eradicated by application of an antibiotic (Richards and Brooks 1958) or some other chemical.
Organization of the cell membrane inEuglena

The cell membrane ofEuglena gracilis has been investigated with the freeze-fracture technique. When split, this membrane produces two fracture faces which are striking in their non-complementarity. The P fracture face is covered with a high density of 110 A (average diameter) particles, while the E face is made up of a complex series of striations occurring at regular angles to the “pellicle” ridges which encircle the organism. Under certain conditions, however, the structure of the P fracture face assumes a more ordered configuration, and striations are visible on this fracture face which are precisely complementary to those observed on the E face. These observations suggest that the cortical cell membrane ofEuglena may be organized along the lines of a two dimensional crystal. However, this pattern of organization is restricted to the cortical region of the cell membrane; as the membrane invaginates near the anterior end of the cell the fracture faces change abruptly, and organization more typical of other cell membranes is observed. This invagination forms an extensive reservoir in the anterior of the cell, and the membrane bounding it is distinctly fluid in structure, with clear examples of endo- and exocytosis observable. These differences suggest that the cell membrane inEuglena is divided into two distinct but contiguous regions, each specialized with regard to structure and function.
R&D performance as a function of internal communication, project management, and the nature of the work

Both the amount and value of internal communication vary with the specific R&D function to be performed. Product and process development projects benefit far more than research or technical service projects from good internal communication. Technical service projects show higher performance when the project manager assumes primary responsibility for coupling the project to other parts of the organization.
The University of Texas at Arlington Autonomous Aerial Vehicle-An overview

This paper reports on the status of The University of Texas at Arlington student effort to design, build and fly an Autonomous Aerial Vehicle. Both the 1991 entry into the First International Aerial Robotics Competition as well as refinements being made for 1992 are described. Significant technical highlights include a real-time vision system for target objective tracking, a real-time ultrasonic locator system for position sensing, a novel mechanism for gradually moving from human to computer control, and a hierarchical control structure implemented on a 32-bit microcontroller. Detailed discussion about the design of multivariable automatic controls for stability augmentation is included. Position and attitude control loops are optimized according to a combined ℋ2 and ℋ∞ criteria. We present a modification of a recently published procedure for recovering a desired open-loop transfer function shape within the framework of the mixed ℋ2/ℋ∞ problem. This work has led to a new result that frees a design parameter related to imposing the ℋ∞ constraint. The additional freedom can be used to improve upon the performance and robustness characteristics of the system.
Pulmonary function in technology-dependent children 2 years and older with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Somatic and pulmonary growth coincide with resolution of hypoxemia by 2 years of age in most children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, a distinct subgroup of children with BPD continue to require mechanical ventilation and/or supplemental oxygen beyond 2 years of age. This study tested the hypothesis that indices of pulmonary function would be significantly worse in children with BPD 2 years and older who remained technology-dependent secondary to hypoxemia, compared to those of age-matched children with BPD who were normoxemic. We measured pulmonary mechanics in 21 oxygen- or ventilator-dependent children with BPD 2 years and older (BPDO2 group; mean age+/-SD, 30.2+/-6.5 months) and in 19 children with BPD who had been weaned off mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen for at least 6 months (control group; mean age, 30.1+/-5.5 months). Respiratory rate and tidal volume were measured after sedation with chloral hydrate, and dynamic compliance and expiratory conductance were calculated using the esophageal catheter technique. Maximal flow at FRC (V'(maxFRC)) and ratio of forced-to-tidal flows at midtidal volume were obtained by the rapid thoracic compression technique. FRC was determined by nitrogen washout. There were no statistically significant differences in most measured indices of pulmonary mechanics between the BPDO2 and control groups. However, V'(maxFRC)/FRC was higher in controls compared to subjects in the BPDO2 group (0.81+/-0.40 sec(-1) vs. 0.34+/-0.21 sec(-1), P<0.003). We conclude that most indices of pulmonary function in children with BPD 2 years and older do not reflect the need for mechanical ventilation or supplemental oxygen. We speculate that measurements of lung elastic recoil and tests of distribution of ventilation and pulmonary perfusion may be more sensitive in differentiating normoxemic and hypoxemic children with BPD 2 years and older.
Power, Place, and Militarism: Toward a Comparative Geographic Analysis of Militarization

The topics of militarism and militarization have acquired a position of prominence in geography, and the social sciences, in general, in recent years. This article begins by reviewing some of the major contributions to the study of war, peace, militarism, and militarization. Subsequently, it discusses three major strands of literature in geography and related fields: those of theories of place, cultural hegemony, and the ideological content of militarism. The interconnections between these bodies of literature are explored throughout the article. In summary, we posit that the ideology of militarism is best conceptualized as a form of cultural or ideological hegemony, the production of which relies on the social construction of places. To analyze the interacting processes of militarization and the construction of place, we argue for grounded studies of militarism and militarization and propose a place-based, comparative framework.
James f. Thornton, m.d.

James F. Thornton, M.D., is an associate professor in the Department of Plastic Surgery at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Thornton received his medical degree from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and also completed a 5-year residency in general surgery there. Under the guidance of Dr. John Bostwick at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, Dr. Thornton completed his plastic and reconstructive surgery training. Dr. Thornton is board certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery and is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. He is an active member of numerous plastic surgery organizations, and he lectures locally and nationally about plastic and reconstructive surgery. Dr. Thornton's special interest is Mohs reconstruction, an area in which he currently has one of the largest practices in the nation. He has put together an excellent group of experts for this issue, which will serve as a reference for some time to come.
Oak decline in the Boston Mountains, Arkansas, USA: Spatial and temporal patterns under two fire regimes

A spatially explicit forest succession and disturbance model is used to delineate the extent and dispersion of oak decline under two fire regimes over a 150-year period. The objectives of this study are to delineate potential current and future oak decline areas using species composition and age structure data in combination with ecological land types, and to investigate how relatively frequent simulated fires and fire suppression affect the dynamics of oak decline. We parameterized LANDIS, a spatially explicit forest succession and disturbance model, for areas in the Boston Mountains of Arkansas, USA. Land type distribution and initial species/age class were parameterized into LANDIS using existing forest data. Tree species were parameterized as five functional groups including white oak (Quercus alba L., Quercus stellata Wangenh., Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm.), red oak (Qurecus rubra L., Quercus marilandica Muenchh., Quercus falcata Michx., Quercus coccinea Muenchh.), black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill), and maple (Acer rubrum L., Acer saccharum Marsh.) groups. Two fire regimes were also parameterized: current fire regime with a fire return interval of 300 years and a historic fire regime with an overall average fire return interval of 50 years. The 150-year simulation suggests that white oak and shortleaf pine abundance would increase under the historic fire regime and that the red oak group abundance increases under the current fire regime. The black oak group also shows a strong increasing trend under the current fire regime, and only the maple group remains relatively unchanged under both scenarios. At present, 45% of the sites in the study area are classified as potential oak decline sites (sites where red and black oak are >70 years old). After 150 simulation years, 30% of the sites are classified as potential oak decline sites under the current fire regime whereas 20% of the sites are potential oak decline sites under the historic fire regime. This analysis delineates potential oak decline sites and establishes risk ratings for these areas. This is a further step toward precision management and planning.
A Knowledge‐Based System for Planning a Construction Operation

Knowledge-based systems can be developed as an educational tool for inexperienced construction managers and students. Microcomputer expert-system shell programs can allow knowledgebased systems to be developed and used on the construction site. Construction experts can provide knowledge which can define the best crew size, expected productivity, and the effects of production bottlenecks. This information can be incorporated in a knowledge-base and used as an aid in determining when production problems are occurring in the field. This information can also be used in the pre-construction period by providing managers and estimators with expert knowledge of expected productivity and required crew size. A prototype expert system was developed for the construction of precast concrete structures. The rules were obtained from construction experts with extensive experience in this type of construction. The system provided advice concerning the best crew size to use based upon the construction site characteristics. The system also provided advice concerning expected productivity and the effects of production problems on productivity. The prototype model was developed using the INSIGHT 2 microcomputer expert-system shell program.
Resonance-tube ignition of aluminum

An experimental program was carried out to determine whether spontaneous fluid-dynamic oscillations could create a hazard in gaseous oxygen flow systems by igniting metal contaminants. The particular fluid-dynamic oscillation studied was the resonance-tube phenomenon as it was excited in a tee-shaped configuration representative of configurations found in many industrial flow systems. Pure aluminum was chosen as the candidate material for ignition. The oscillations in the tee-shaped configuration were compared with oscillations driven by choked convergent nozzles and were found to differ markedly. The temperatures generated at the base of the resonance tube were well in excess of 1000 F for both gaseous oxygen and nitrogen. The effect of inert particulate matter introduced into the resonance tube was to increase significantly the measured temperatures. Aluminum in both powder and fiber form was readily ignited within the resonance tube at pressures less than 1200 psia. At higher pressures, the aluminum-oxygen mixture exploded. This investigation confirms the hazardous nature of resonance-tube oscillations as generated in typical piping configurations that use high-pressure oxygen.
An unusual transmembrane helix in the endoplasmic reticulum ubiquitin ligase Doa10 modulates degradation of its cognate E2 enzyme

In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nascent membrane and secreted proteins that are misfolded are retrotranslocated into the cytosol and degraded by the proteasome. For most ER-associated degradation (ERAD) substrates, ubiquitylation is essential for both their retrotranslocation and degradation. Yeast Doa10 is a polytopic membrane ubiquitin ligase (E3) that along with its cognate ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), Ubc7 and the C-terminally membrane-anchored Ubc6, makes a major contribution to ER-associated degradation. Ubc6 is also a substrate of Doa10. One highly conserved Doa10 element, the uncharacterized ∼130-residue TEB4-Doa10 domain, includes three transmembrane helices (TMs). We find that the first of these, TM5, includes an absolutely conserved ΦPΦXXG motif that is required for Doa10 function, as well as highly conserved negatively charged glutamate and aspartate residues. The conservative exchange of the TM5 glutamate to aspartate (doa10-E633D) results in complete stabilization of Ubc6 but has little if any effect on other substrates. Unexpectedly, mutating the glutamate to glutamine (doa10-E633Q) specifically accelerates Ubc6 degradation by ∼5-fold. Other substrates are weakly stabilized in doa10-E633Q cells, consistent with reduced Ubc6 levels. Notably, catalytically inactive ubc6-C87A is degraded in doa10-E633Q but not wild-type cells, but an active version of Ubc6 is required in trans. Fusion of the Ubc6 TM to a soluble protein yields a protein that is degraded in a doa10-E633Q-dependent manner, whereas fusion of the C-terminal TM from an unrelated protein does not. These results suggest that the TEB4-Doa10 domain regulates Doa10 association with the Ubc6 membrane anchor, thereby controlling the degradation rate of the E2.
Pattern discrimination using ellipsoidally symmetric multivariate density functions

Abstract A brief review of ellipsoidally symmetric density functions is done. For the case of monotonic functional forms and distributions with common covariance matrices, a lower bound on the probability of correct classification is calculated in terms of either an incomplete beta or gamma integral, for a class of common functional forms. The lower bound is a monotonically increasing function of the Mahalanobis distance for all monotonic ellipsoidally symmetric forms.
Magnetic Anisotropy in Epitaxial Ni/Cu (100) Thin Films

Epitaxial Ni/Cu (001) films grown on Si (001) by Molecular Beam Epitaxy were studied in-situ using the Surface Magneto-optic Kerr Effect (SMOKE) and ex-situ with a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Perpendicular Magnetization is observed for Ni thicknesses 15 A ≤ h ≤ 60 A and fully in-plane magnetization for h ≥ 70 A when the films are characterized in-situ. The reversal in magnetic anisotropy observed in-situ at 60 A shifts to 125 A when the films are exposed to air. 100 A Ni films deposited on Cu 1−x -Ni x alloy substrates also show a reversal in magnetic anisotropy as x is changed. These results suggest that changes in magnetic anisotropy correlate with misfit strain accommodation.
A formal model for information selection in multi-sentence text extraction

Selecting important information while accounting for repetitions is a hard task for both summarization and question answering. We propose a formal model that represents a collection of documents in a two-dimensional space of textual and conceptual units with an associated mapping between these two dimensions. This representation is then used to describe the task of selecting textual units for a summary or answer as a formal optimization task. We provide approximation algorithms and empirically validate the performance of the proposed model when used with two very different sets of features, words and atomic events.
The pfeiffer CD activity of dd electronic excitations of (CoIIIS6) and (CrIIIS6) chromophores and of [Co(acac)3]

Six molecular complexes of the tris chelate type containing the (CoIIIS6) and (CrIIIS6) chromophores (dithiocarbamate, dithiophosphate, and dithioxanthate ligands) were found to have Pfeiffer CD activity (PCD). Three combinations of environment compounds and solvents were found to induce such optical activity in dd excitations. However, the PCD effect could only be observed under conditions of using very large. concentration ratios of optically active environmental compound to the complex racemate. The PCD bands of magnetically allowed parents, 4T2g(Cr) and 1T1g(Co), are found to be most intense. Furthermore. it is established that the trigonal components 4E(Cr) and 1E(Co) have much greater intensity than 4A1(Cr) and 1A2(Co), respectively. It is also found that the empirical model which has previously been used with success to relate absolute configurations of ionic complexes to the chirality of the environment compound leads to ambiguous conclusions when the attempt is made to study (neutral) molecular complexes in this manner.
Lack of Estrin Concentration in Adenofibroma of the Mammary Gland in Rats

Since the incidence and growth of adenofibroma of the mammary gland are known to be affected by the ovarian hormones, the observation of Geschickter and Lewis (1–5) that this tumor may contain large amounts of estrogenic and gonadotropic hormones is of fundamental interest. They suggest that since adenofibroma is composed of the elements normally stimulated by estrin, namely the ducts and periductal connective tissue, the growth of the tumor may be secondary to an ability of a local area of the mammary gland to concentrate estrin within itself. If it could be established that in the tumor there are constantly present larger amounts of estrin than in the other tissues of the same individual, this would constitute a unique physiological phenomenon of great interest to students of neoplastic disease. Geschickter and Lewis are careful to point out that the variation in their results makes it impossible to draw any definite conclusions except that “the hormones found (estrogenic and gonadotropic) are in all probability concerned in the physiology of the tumor.” Their values for estrin in human adenofibromas varied from 200 to 18,000 rat units per kilo, dry weight. Unfortunately, no normal tissues from the same individuals were assayed for control. However, assay of a normal premenstrual uterus revealed 3000 rat units of estrin per kilo, while normal breasts yielded 0–6000 rat units per kilo. A rat adenofibroma gave a level of 2000 rat units per kilo, while normal rat mammary tissue was stated to give a negative result. Since, however, the amount and source of the mammary tissue were not given, this comparison is without value. Doubt as to the presence of actual concentration of hormone in these tumors was voiced by Frank et al. (6), who found similar amounts of estrin in normal uterus and psoas muscle (800–8000 rat units per kilo). No confirmation of Geschickter and Lewis' findings has yet appeared except for the finding by Heiman and Krehbiel (7) of 1 rat unit per gram fresh weight of a rat adenofibroma. The latter authors, however, did not assay control tissue, though they assumed that the level of estrin in the body was not excessive since the estrous cycle was normal.
Space-carving Kernels for Accurate Rough Terrain Estimation

Accurate terrain estimation is critical for autonomous offroad navigation. Reconstruction of a three-dimensional (3D) surface allows rough and hilly ground to be represented, yielding faster driving and better planning and control. However, data from a 3D sensor samples the terrain unevenly, quickly becoming sparse at longer ranges and containing large voids because of occlusions and inclines. The proposed approach uses online kernel-based learning to estimate a continuous surface over the area of interest while providing upper and lower bounds on that surface. Unlike other approaches, visibility information is exploited to constrain the terrain surface and increase precision, and an efficient gradient-based optimization allows for realtime implementation. To model sensor noise over varying ranges, a non-stationary covariance function is adopted. Experimental results are presented for several datasets, including groundtruthed terrain and a large 3D stereo dataset.
Effects of pH on the formation of volatile products in non-enzymatic browning of maltose.

The effects of pH on the formation of maltol and furanmethanol as well as other minor reductones and furans on heating an aqueous solution of maltose under conditions in the absence (caramelization) and presence (Maillard reaction) of proline were examined. The experiments employing a pH-stat device clearly demonstrated the pH dependency on the formations of the products. The products of maltulose and proline-maltulose, which were postulated as the initial intermediates for the two pathways of maltose degradation in the presence of proline, were also examined. On the basis of the results, the reaction pathways of the formation of volatile products from maltose were discussed.
Striations of light scattering in the corneal stroma

When the rabbit cornea is stressed in various ways, light focused on the stroma is scattered back in the form of striations. Light and electron microscopy reveal that the striations correspond to a waveform assumed by the collagen fibrils in the stroma when the tension on them is relaxed. The waves act as reflectors for the light, which is a consequence of the light-scattering properties of the fibrils themselves, rather than a result of interfaces opening up between the lamellae.
The subunit composition of cerebellar tubulin: evidence for multiple beta tubulin messenger RNAs.

Abstract Cytoplasmic proteins were isolated from adult rat forebrain and cerebellum and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis under conditions in which the major subunits of tubulin were separated. Forebrain cytoplasmic tubulin consisted of two groups of α subunits (α 1 and α 2 ) and a minimum of two β subunits (β 1 and β 2 ). However, the rat cerebellar cytoplasmic proteins contained greatly decreased amounts of the β 1 tubulin subunit relative to the analysis of forebrain proteins. Messenger RNA (mRNA) was purified from cerebellum and forebrain and translated in wheat germ homogenate. Analysis of the translation products of cerebellar mRNA indicated only a trace amount of the β 1 subunit, whereas the expected amount of β 1 was found among the translation products of forebrain mRNA. This data is consistent with the conclusion that the β 1 and β 2 subunits of tubulin are synthesized from different mRNAs. A decrease in β 1 mRNA relative to other tubulin mRNAs may be one of the factors responsible for the low steady state amounts of β 1 tubulin in the cerebellum.
The Aftermath of Abuse and Abandonment: A Treatment Approach for Ego Disturbance in Female Adolescence

There now exists increased recognition of factors of abuse and abandonment in the etiology of ego and behavioral disturbance in female adolescence. In the face of current uncertainty regarding the efficacy of particular therapeutic approaches, clinicians are nevertheless called upon to provide treatment for this patient population. This paper offers an illustrative case presentation of the hospital treatment of an early adolescent female. The aim is to delineate characteristics of the teenager's clinical presentation and to offer a broad framework to understand and guide subsequent treatment interventions. While the focus here is upon psychotherapeutic intervention in a structured environment, aspects of this systematic approach may prove useful to clinicians who encounter these teenagers in a variety of treatment settings.
Molecular basis of tumourigenicity

Surfaces of Normal and Malignant Cells. Edited By R.O. Hynes. Pp.471. (Wiley: Chichester, UK, and New York, 1979.) £24.
The Cancer Communication Assessment Tool for Patients and Families (CCAT‐PF): a new measure

Objectives: Caregivers and cancer patients frequently have conflicting and unmet communication needs. The Cancer Communication Assessment Tool for Patients and Families (CCAT-PF) is a new instrument that assesses congruence in patient–family caregiver communication for both research and clinical purposes. Methods: The scale was developed using a sample of 190 lung cancer patient–caregiver pairs. Standard psychometric procedures were used to develop and test the scale including qualitative item pool development, item reduction and ascertainment of scale properties. Results: The multiple correlation of the 18-item CCAT-PF scale with the longer 30-item scale was 0.94. All but three items had less than 20% variance accounted for when each item was regressed on the remaining 17, indicating that responses to an individual item were not readily predicted by the remaining items. Test re-test reliability was 0.35 and Cronbach's alpha was 0.49 as the CCAT-PF scale represents the sum of mostly independent items. Higher CCAT-PF scores were significantly correlated with greater patient depression, greater patient perceived family conflict, lower patient–caregiver assessment and well-being and less expressiveness and family cohesion. For both patients and caregivers, physical, functional and emotional well-being were not associated with CCAT-PF scores. Conclusion: The CCAT-PF is a brief but reliable and valid tool. Although administering both family and patient versions is optimal, administering it to a patient or family caregiver only also produces reliable information. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
A Survey of Registered Dietitians' Perceptions of Constructivist and Behaviorist Instructional Approaches and Delivery Methods in Accredited Dietetics Programs

This purpose of this research study was to test learning theories and models of teaching (constructivist vs. behaviorist) used in dietetic education programs. Additionally, the focus of accreditation for dietetics education is the quality and integrity of a program regardless of its instructional delivery method. Therefore, this study examined the variations between on-line and on-campus delivery methods. Research questions that guided this study included: 1) To what extent do educators use constructivist or behaviorist theoretical approaches during instructional delivery? 2) What are the differences in learning between on-line education and oncampus delivery methods? 3) As far as constructivist and behaviorist teaching methods impact learning, is there an interaction between instructional style and delivery method? 4) How do constructivist and behaviorist teaching methods impact learning (as measured by RD exam score, GPA, and perceived level of knowledge and skills) to work as an entry level dietitian)? A 106-item survey was developed by the author and adapted from previously developed instruments including the Teaching Belief Survey and the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey. Multiple interaction effects were found, indicating that constructivist and behaviorist teaching strategies and learning environments are not mutually exclusive nor is either one considered to be superior to the other. Descriptive statistics such as means and percentages were used to compare response distributions. Factor analysis was performed and the value of Cronbach’s alpha for all of the components was calculated. Paired sample t-tests, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were used to compare on-line and on-campus responses. Multiple linear regressions and path analysis were also used as part of the data analysis process.
A History of Location of U.S. Public Libraries Within Community Place and Space: Evolving Implications for the Library's Mission of Equitable Service

ABSTRACT This article reviews the spatial development of the American public library. The article describes and illuminates the effectiveness and simplicity of past siting and location criteria, compared with the need for more sophisticated methodology in the complex present-day environment in which the majority of public libraries now reside. This article lays the groundwork for the implications of continuing traditional, simplistic, and haphazard site selection methods that worked in the past, which now demand critical re-evaluation. The article provides a summary of past and present trends in public library facility location, the profession's attitudes and opinions regarding the physical location of facilities and official standards historically and presently available to guide location decisions. The descriptive literature is reviewed in a chronological manner to offer insight into how some views remained and some changed over time. Although the review is not exhaustive, the material is representative...
Using shared virtual memory for parallel join processing

In this paper, we show that shared virtual memory, in a shared-nothing multiprocessor, facilitates the design and implementation of parallel join processing algorithms that perform significantly better in the presence of skew than previously proposed parallel join processing algorithms. We propose two variants of an algorithm for parallel join processing using shared virtual memory, and perform a detailed simulation to investigate their performance. The algorithm is unique in that it employs both the shared virtual memory paradigm and the message-passing paradigm used by current shared-nothing parallel database systems. The implementation of the algorithm requires few modifications to existing shared-nothing parallel database systems.