cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MathScribe: a user interface for computer algebra systems

This paper describes MathScribe, a powerful user interface for computer algebra systems. The interface makes use of a bitmapped display, windows, menus, and a mouse. Significant new features of MathScribe are its display of both input and output in two-dimensional form, its ability to select previous expressions, and its computationally efficient manner of displaying large expressions.
Strategic imperatives, Democratic rhetoric: The United States and Turkey, 1945–52

This study states that Turkish President Ismet Inonu did not use democracy merely as a tool to bring his country into the US-led Western alliance at the onset of the Cold War. Instead, Inonu was inspired by a true sense of mission to fulfil Ataturk's legacy to bring democracy to Turkey. Admittedly, the Truman administration used democracy as rhetoric in order to realize its strategic goals in, and secure congressional aid for, Turkey, and yet Washington did not put pressure on Turkey to democratize faster or more thoroughly. There is no causal link between Turkey's democratization and either the Truman Doctrine or Turkey's admission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1952.
The moisture budget of the central United States in spring as evaluated in the NCEP/NCAR and the NASA/DAO reanalyses

Abstract The moisture budget of the central United States during May is examined using multiyear (1985–89) assimilated datasets recently produced by NASA/DAO and NCEP/NCAR. Intercomparisons and comparisons with station observations are used to evaluate the limitations of the assimilated products for studies of the atmospheric component of the U.S. hydrologic cycle. Attempts are made to reconcile differences in terms of disparities in the analysis systems. Both reanalyses overestimate daily mean precipitation rates by a factor of almost 2 over the southeastern United States. This is associated with much larger than observed afternoon convective rain and a substantial overestimate of the number of days with precipitation. Both products capture the transition to the much drier conditions over the western United States, though the NCEP/NCAR product extends moderate rain rates too far to the northwest. Over the Great Plains, the reanalyses capture observed synoptic-scale precipitation events quite well, but th...
Morphological and biochemical changes in the liver of rats fed polychlorinated biphenyls.

Rats fed diets containing 0.1 percent of three polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (Arochlor 1248, Arochlor 1254, Arochlor 1262) for six weeks show a progressive enlargement of the liver. This liver hypertrophy is attributed to proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, development of large membranous concentric arrays, and increase in lipid droplets within the cytoplasm of the affected liver cells. Liver homogenates show increased levels of protein and RNA and reduced concentrations of DNA. Microsomal fractions have increased levels of protein and phospholipids, and reduced levels of cholesterol. Also, there are modifications in the activity of certain hepatic microsomal enzymes. By the sixth week, the animals have progressed from a stimulatory effect on the liver by the PCBs to a stage where regressive hepatic changes are occurring, such as a decreased activity of microsomal enzymes, dissolution of concentric membrane arrays, vesiculation of the endoplasmic reticulum, and accumulation of lipid droplets within the cytoplasm of the affected cells.
Remarks on “a theorem on special linear groups”

In [2] Kok-Wee Phan studied the way in which SL(n + 1, p) is generated by its canonical subgroups of type SL(2, 4). However, his arguments are overly complicated. In this note we outline a quick proof of his Theorems 1 and 2, making more transparent at the same time the difference between the cases of even and odd Q. All that is really needed is an examination of SL(3, a) and an appeal to Steinberg’s theorem on generators and relations. Acquaintance with the statements of Theorems 1, 2 in [2] is presupposed. Let 4 > 4. First we explore assumptions (a), (b). Say we are given two subgroups& , L, of a group G, each isomorphic to SL(2, Q), which together generate a subgroup isomorphic to SL(3, Q). We are also given elements a, in L, of order 4 1 which generate an abelian subgroup of order (p l)“, the order of the diagonal subgroup K of SL(3, q). S ince the ai are semisimple matrices, it is easy to apply a standard conjugacy theorem for Chevalley groups(cf. [3,11.5.10] and its proof) to conclude that (al, s a ) corresponds to K (after adjusting the isomorphism of (L, , L,) with SL(3, q)). Similarly, we may assume at the outset that (ai) corresponds to the diagonal subgroup of SL(2, q). When q is odd, (a,) contains a matrix of order 2 centralizingLi w SL(2, q). But the only matrices of order 2 in K are diag( 1, 1, I), diag( 1, 1, l), diag(-I, 1, -1). If, f or example, diag(1, 1, 1) centralizes Li , then the matrices in Li must all have zero entries in the (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, l), (3, 2) positions. These considerations force Li to correspond to one of the three canonical copies of SL(2, q) in SL(3, q), corresponding to the three positive roots relative to K in the root system of type A, . (Conversely, of course, any two of these three subgroups generate SL(3, q).) We may even assume that L, , L, correspond to the two simple roots of SL(3, q), if we adjust the isomorphism of (L, , L,) with SL(3, Q) by an inner automorphism (for suitable element of N(K)). In particular, it is now obvious that both <L, , uz) and (L, , a,) are isomorphic to GL(2, q), which is assumption (d) in [2, Theorem I]. When q is even, SL(2, q) is isomorphic to PSL(2, q). If we let L, be the &joint group of SL(2, q) (in its natural representation in SL(3, q)) then no
Structural Insight into MtmC, a Bifunctional Ketoreductase-Methyltransferase Involved in the Assembly of the Mithramycin Trisaccharide Chain

More and more post-PKS tailoring enzymes are recognized as being multifunctional and codependent on other tailoring enzymes. One of the recently discovered intriguing examples is MtmC, a bifunctional TDP-4-keto-d-olivose ketoreductase-methyltransferase, which-in codependence with glycosyltransferase MtmGIV-is a key contributor to the biosynthesis of the critical trisaccharide chain of the antitumor antibiotic mithramycin (MTM), produced by Streptomyces argillaceus. We report crystal structures of three binary complexes of MtmC with its methylation cosubstrate SAM, its coproduct SAH, and a nucleotide TDP as well as crystal structures of two ternary complexes, MtmC-SAH-TDP-4-keto-d-olivose and MtmC-SAM-TDP, in the range of 2.2-2.7 A resolution. The structures reveal general and sugar-specific recognition and catalytic structural features of MtmC. Depending on the catalytic function that is conducted by MtmC, it must bind either NADPH or SAM in the same cofactor binding pocket. A tyrosine residue (Tyr79) appears as a lid covering the sugar moiety of the substrate during the methyl transfer reaction. This residue swings out of the active site by ~180° in the absence of the substrate. This unique conformational change likely serves to release the methylated product and, possibly, to open the active site for binding the bulkier cosubstrate NADPH prior to the reduction reaction.
Quantification of Respirable, Thoracic, and Inhalable Quartz Exposures by FT-IR in Personal Impactor Samples from Construction Sites

The classification of quartz as a group I human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) highlights the need to develop a method to assess quartz exposures in the thoracic and inhalable particle size fractions to supplement the current method for the respirable size fraction. Heavy and highway construction operations can produce high respirable quartz exposures, but inhalable and thoracic exposures have not previously been well characterized. These larger particle size fractions may well contribute to the elevated cancers of the buccal cavity, throat, and GI tract in occupational cohorts of construction workers. A description is provided of the application of FT-IR for quartz analysis of personal cascade impactor air samples collected from highway construction sites. Separate calibration curves were generated for each stage of the four-stage personal impactor by using the impactor to sample quartz dust (Min-U-Sil 5 and Min-U-Sil 30) in an aerosol-generating loop. In addition, three separate calibration curves were generated using filters spiked with bulk Min-U-Sil 5, Min-U-Sil 30, and SRM 1878a (a respirable standard from NIST). The results showed that bulk Min-U-Sil 5 and SRM 1878a calibrations were identical and accurately estimated the respirable quartz fraction. Bulk Min-U-Sil 30 underestimated quartz in stages 1, 2, and 3 by 46 percent, 38 percent, and 18 percent, respectively. Using a respirable standard (bulk Min-U-Sil 5 or SRM 1878a) to quantify the larger particle sizes underestimated quartz in stages 1, 2, and 3 by 73 percent, 72 percent, and 63 percent, respectively. Until a standard reference material for quartz is developed for the larger particle sizes, the method described here, with some modifications, can be used to provide estimates of these biologically relevant particle size fractions. The results of this study also reaffirmed the need to collect narrow ranges of particle size in order to minimize quantification errors, since the FT-IR and XRD instrumental response is particle size-dependent.
Teaching restructuring courses at Illinois Institute of Technology

The Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department at Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) has a long history of offering courses in electric power engineering. The existing centers at IIT which participate in the electricity restructuring education and research activities include: Center for Electric Power and Power Electronics (ECE); Center for Power and Energy (CHEE); Center for Law and Energy (LAW); and Center for Electrochemical Science and Engineering (CHEE).
SOME SEX DIFFERENCES IN PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF "AUTONOMIC FEEDBACK"'

Sunrmnry.-Item and scale personality correlates of somatic sensitivity, as measured by the Autonomic Perception Questionnaire, were investigated. The frequency of items from the CPI-MMPI item pools which differentiated among the APQ groups did not exceed chance levels. Scale correlates of somatic sensitivity were found only for the males (high APQ scores associated with maladjustment) who also scorcd significantly lower than the females on the APQ. The results were discussed with respect to various hypotheses which might account for this type of sex difference in mean level and differential relationship to psychopathology. Sex differences in psychological strucnire and dynamics generally have been neglected in personality theory and research (Carlson & Carlson, 1960). Following Freud, whose treatment of the psychology of females implied they are only dynamically simpler and less interesting males (Rieff, 1959), contemporary personality theor~sts have not usually considered differences berween the sexes in their formulations (Hall & Lindzey, 1957). Thus, it is not surprrslng that, lacking a theoretical orientation to sex differences, empirical research in personality, wher. including the sex variable in an experiment, relegates it to only a control status. Mere it not for the different norms which appear for the sexes on most paper and pencil personality tests, there would be little indication chat psychologists even entertained the idea that the sexes were different. A cogent illustration of the laaina that exists in our knowledge of sex differences can be found in a recent compilation of the established facts of the behavioral sciences by Berelson and Steiner (1964). Less than a dozen sex differences are given, some of them more sociological chan psychological; we find hat females speak earlier chan males, are more hypnotizable, exceed males in those aspects of intelligence tests that measure vocabulary, verbal fluency, and memory, are less polit~cally oriented, live longer, etc. In this report some sex differences in the personaliry correlates of "autonomrc feedback," i.e., the perception of somatic activity (Korchin & Heath, 1961), are presented. Autonomic feedback was measured with the Autonomic Perception Questionnaire (APQ), an instrument developed to study the contribution of autonomic feedback to the anxiecy state (Mandler, Mandler, & 'This research was supported in part by Public Health Fellowship MF-13,022 and Research Grant MH 02136 from the National Institute of Mental Health, U. S. Public Health Service. The Universiry of California Computer Center and the University of Oklahoma Medical Center Bioscatistics Unit provided free time on the IBM 7090 and IBM 1620, respectively, which faciliteted the conduct of the experiment.
Balanced designs for triads tests: Two examples from English

Abstract In this paper we study two semantic domains in English, kinship and vegetables, using a new procedure for triads testing, the balanced incomplete block design. This procedure allows the use of triads tests on larger sets of words than had previously been possible. Included is a table of balanced incomplete block designs for the use of interested researchers.
A fossil entomogenous fungus from Dominican amber

A worker ant (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) embedded in amber (25 million years old) from the Dominican Republic was covered with an entomogenous fungus containing characters very similar to present day strains ofBeauveria bassiana. This represents the first report of a fossil insect-pathogenic fungus belonging to the class Deuteromycetes.
Geographic Mobility and Demographic and Socioeconomic Market Segmentation

A change in geographic location is a common occurrence in American society and it tends to initiate a series of consumption decisions. Past research indicates that those who move tend to differ in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics from those who do not move. Likewise, local movers have been found to differ from long-distance movers. This study analyzes the extent to which intercounty movers differ from intracounty movers on socioeconomic and demographic variables. The results suggest that these two groups are not unique market segments.
Applying a prospective approach to the working-through phase of psychotherapy

During the working-through phase of psychotherapy, the core of the patient's conflict is revealed and subjected to analysis. Although the working-through has been the subject of much scholarship, little has been written about identifying its onset and termination. This paper introduces a developmental strategy—previewing—derived from the interactional patterns between caregiver and infant. Previewing involves the caregiver's ability to represent, predict and rehearse future maturational changes affecting the infant. Previewing techniques may be applied analogously to the treatment of adult patients to better diagnose the presence of conflict and to facilitate the working-through of conflict.
The Effect of Semantically Ordered Computerized Test Questions on Student Performance and Behavior.

This study examines the strategies used in answering a computerized multiple-choice test where the items have been semantically blocked (all questions on a semantic topic grouped together) or unblocked (semantics randomly distributed throughout the test). Student subjects had almost total control to navigate the test in any way they chose and also to reorder the organization of the multiple-choice items. The strategies were captured using a non-intrusive computer logging mechanism that records the actions of the subjects. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the strategies that the subjects employed in completing the test. The findings indicate that students grouped by performance on the test used distinctly different strategies in completing the test. It is proposed that the differences are due to distinct cognitive processes between the groups.
A Look at Handling Qualities of Canard Configurations

The first human-powered flight was achieved by a canard-configured aircraft (Wright Brothers). Although other canard concepts were flown with varying degrees of success over the years, the tail-aft configuration has dominated the aircraft market for both military and civil use. Reviewed are the development of several canard aircraft with emphasis on stability and control, handling qualities, and operating problems. The results show that early canard concepts suffered adversely in flight behavior because of a lack of understanding of the sensitivities of these concepts to basic stability and control principles. Modern canard designs have been made competitive with tail-aft configurations by using appropriate handling qualities design criteria.
Diffusion and reaction within porous packing media: A phenomenological model

A phenomenological model has been developed to describe biomass distribution and substrate depletion in porous diatomaceous earth (DE) pellets colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The essential features of the model are diffusion, attachment and detachment to/from pore walls of the biomass, diffusion of substrate within the pellet, and external mass transfer of both substrate and biomass in the bulk fluid of a packed bed containing the pellets. A bench-scale reactor filled with DE pellets was inoculated with P. aeruginosa and operated in plug flow without recycle using a feed containing glucose as the limiting nutrient. Steady-state effluent glucose concentrations were measured at various residence times, and biomass distribution within the pellet was measured at the lowest residence time. In the model, microorganism/substrate kinetics and mass transfer characteristics were predicted from the literature. Only the attachment and detachment parameters were treated as unknowns, and were determined by fitting biomass distribution data within the pellets to the mathematical model. The rate-limiting step in substrate conversion was determined to be internal mass transfer resistance; external mass transfer resistance and microbial kinetic limitations were found to be nearly negligible. Only the outer 5% of the pellets contributed to substrate conversion. © 1993 Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer with an ion guide collision cell for elemental analysis of solids

A laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer with an ion guide collision cell has been developed for the elemental analysis of solids. The system has successfully solved the contradiction between resolution and ions with large kinetic energy generated in the ion source (with 109–1010 W cm−2 laser irradiation flux). It demonstrates near-uniform sensitivity coefficients for different elements. There are very few interferences from the gas species and doubly charged species in the spectra, and their intensities are so low that they can be ignored. With these achievements, semi-quantitative multielemental analysis is possible with no standard required. Furthermore, unlike other laser ablation and ionization mass spectrometry techniques, no mathematical adjustment is needed in this technique. The ratios of the individual elemental signals to the summed signal from all detected elements could be used to produce percent composition values directly.
Fluid Excitation Forces Acting on a Square Tube Array

Essai d'un reseau carre de tubes soumis a un ecoulement turbulent. Mesure des forces de trainee et de portance fluctuantes en fonction du nombre de Reynolds, des conditions d'ecoulement et de la position du tube dans le reseau
Translational control of protein synthesis in response to heat shock in D. melanogaster cells

In response to elevated temperature, Drosophila cells synthesize a small set of proteins known as the heat-shock proteins, while synthesis of most other proteins ceases. In vitro translation has been used to demonstrate that the messenger RNAs encoding the normal (25 degrees) spectrum of proteins are not broken down or irreversibly inactivated in response to the temperature change. During the heat shock only the heat-shock mRNAs plus a small number of preexisting mRNAs are translated, while most other messages are stored and can be reactivated upon return of the cells to their normal temperature. After recovery from heat shock, cells translate both the normal mRNA and the remaining heat-shock mRNA. The translational control operating in intact cells has been reproduced in cell-free translation systems directed by purified mRNA from normal and heat-shocked cells. Lysates prepared from heat-shocked Drosophila cells preferentially translated the heat-shock messages, while the lysate made from normally growing Drosophila cells indiscriminately translated both normal and heat-shock messages. Therefore there must be stable alterations in the translational components of heat-shocked cells which are capable of causing selective translation of the heat-shock messages. In addition there must be information encoded in the heat-shock messages that allows their selection.
Changes in stillbirth ratios resulting from changing fashions in age of childbearing.

To determine the degree to which stillbirths of late fetal deaths were related to maternal age the relative stillbirth ratio and relative live birth relationship were examined by using data for a single age and comparable birth order combinations over a period of years in the U.S.A. Japan and France. Of 84 regression analyses only 5 had positive coefficients but none were significant; 57 of 79 negative values were significant (p less than .05). This similarity in all 3 countries exists even in view of major differences in data collection e.g. French live births were recorded as births per 1000 married women. The stillbirth ratio viewed from mothers age and order of birth was affected by the age at which women within a society chose to bear children. It was suggested that the inverse relationship between relative stillbirth ratio and relative live birth rate reflects the incidence of a stable distribution of stillbirths by stillbirth-prone women while live births at any age varies in response to changing preferences for age of childbearing.
Learning cases to resolve conflicts and improve group behavior

Groups of agents following fixed behavioral rules can be limited in performance and efficiency. Adaptability and flexibility are key components of intelligent behavior which allow agent groups to improve performance in a given domain using prior problem-solving experience. We motivate the utility of individual learning by group members in the context of overall group behavior. In particular, we propose a framework in which individual group members learn cases from problem-solving experiences to improve their model of other group members. We use a testbed problem from the Distributed Artificial Intelligence literature to show that simultaneous learning by group members can lead to significant improvement in group performance and efficiency over agent groups following static behavioral rules.
The need for standardized protocols for future clinical trials of cell therapy

Multiple clinical trials have been conducted to determine the outcome of stem cell transplantation on cardiac function. However, marked variability in design across these trials has generated ambiguity in interpretation of their results. This review systematically evaluates the currently available protocols to illustrate the need for a standardized protocol for future trials.
The Carotenoids of Italian Prunes

SUMMARY The major constituents of the carotenoid mixture of Italian prunes were found to be violaxanthin (35%), beta-carotene (197&b), and. lutein (16%). Less abundant constituents included cryptoxanthin, cryptoxanthiu-5,6-epoxide, cryptoxanthin 5,6,5′,6′-diepoxide, persicaxanthin, luteoxanthins, anthera-xanthin, phytoene, and phytofluene. About 20 other carotenoids were' found as very minor constituents. The earotenoid mixture in Italian prunes was notable for its low content of 5,8-epoxides.
Discrepant in vivo recovery of factor VIII:C following infusion of two different monoclonal factor VIII preparations

Background: We experienced decreased recovery of factor VIII:C after commercial monoclonal factor VIII infusions. We report the recovery data obtained from infusing two brands of monoclonal factor VIII.Methods: Factor VIII:C activity was measured before and after an infusion of one of two monoclonal factor VIII preparations. The increments were calculated and expressed as a function of units of factor VIII administered per kilogram.Results: Monoclate increments averaged 2.3% (range: 1.6–3.2%). Antihemophilic factor (human) method M (AHFM) yielded an average increment of 1.4% (range: 1–1.7%).Conclusions: The two monoclonal factor VIII preparations used are not equivalent in activity. In switching brands, one must recalculate the prescribed dose based on the institution's experience in recovery of VIII:C from the particular brand to be prescribed. Cost calculations and comparisons should be based on the recovered factor VIII:C increments rather the unit purchase price.
An unusual congenital anomaly of the spine and ribs

Summary A case of spina bifida occulta of extraordinary nature is recorded. The spinal defect is characterized by almost complete lack of fusion of the vertebral column, from the eighth thoracic vertebra down through the entire sacrum. Certain features are present in the roentgenologic picture that strongly suggest an aborted twinning process in the spine. The existence of a bilateral fusion anomaly of the ribs, involving the posterior ends of the tenth and eleventh ribs bilaterally, is an additionally uncommon finding.
Hemodynamic observations in patients with unstable angina pectoris.

Abstract Brachial and pulmonary arterial pressures were monitored for 48 hours in 26 patients with unstable angina pectoris and documented occlusive coronary artery disease. The circulatory response during 56 episodes of spontaneous anginal pain permitted the division of responses into three distinctive hemodynamic subsets. Patients in group I had an increased heart rate only with the spontaneous attack of angina; patients in group II had associated increases in brachial arterial pressure and slight increases in heart rate during the episodes of pain; patients in group III demonstrated increases in both brachial and pulmonary arterial diastolic pressures with minimal changes in heart rate. Resting hemodynamic data during pain-free periods were normal in 25 of 26 patients. Patients in all groups who had more than one episode of pain had similar hemodynamic responses to the first and later episodes. Although myocardial hypoxemia appears to be responsible for the spontaneous attack of angina, the hemodynamic responses to the attack varied but were highly specific for any one patient. Our observations suggest that there may be various pathogenic mechanisms for “spontaneous” or resting angina in patients with occlusive coronary artery disease but that the mechanism and associated hemodynamic changes may be specific for individual patients.
Please pass the ketchup: cooked tomatoes may do more to prevent cancer than fresh.

ABSTRACT: One of the core competencies in the IFT Education standards is for students to achieve competency in communications skills (that is, oral and written communication, listening, interviewing, and so on). According to the IFT guidelines, by the time students graduate, they should not only be able to search for and condense information but also be able to “communicate technical information to a non-technical audience.” The Education Division of IFT sponsors an annual writing competition for undergraduate students to bring attention to and promote the development of communication skills. The short essays can be on any technical subject or latest development in the food science and technology field that may be important to the consumer. The article must be written in nontechnical language such that someone reading a local newspaper could understand it. Due date for submissions is typically the first week in June. More information on eligibility, rules, submission, and judging criteria will be posted on IFT's Education Division website. Monetary prizes are awarded to the authors of the top 3 papers, and the winning entry is published in the Journal of Food Science Education (JFSE) each year. JFSE is pleased to publish this year's winning entry submitted by Judy Smith from the Univ. of Maine.
Applying Ecologically Based Invasive-Plant Management

The need for a unified mechanistic ecological framework that improves our ability to make decisions, predicts vegetation change, guides the implementation of restoration, and fosters learning is substantial and unmet. It is becoming increasingly clear that integrating various types of ecological models into an overall framework has great promise for assisting decision making in invasive-plant management and restoration. Overcoming barriers to adoption of ecologically based invasive-plant management will require developing principles and integrating them into a useful format so land managers can easily understand the linkages among ecological processes, vegetation dynamics, management practices, and assessment. We have amended a generally accepted and well-tested successional management framework into a comprehensive decision tool for ecologically based invasive-plant management (EBIPM) by 1) using the Rangeland Health Assessment to identify ecological processes in need of repair, 2) amending our framework to include principles for repairing ecological processes that direct vegetation dynamics, and 3) incorporating adaptive management procedures to foster the acquisition of new information during management. This decision tool provides a step-by-step planning process that integrates assessment and adaptive management with process-based principles to provide management guidance. In our case-study example, EBIPM increased the chance of restoration success by 66% over traditionally applied integrated weed management in an invasive-plant–dominated ephemeral wetland ecosystem. We believe that this framework provides the basis for EBIPM and will enhance our ability to design and implement sustainable invasive-plant management and restoration programs.
The Effect of Male Migration on Employment Patterns of Women in Nepal

What is the impact of male migration on the labor market behavior of women in Nepal? The instrumental variable full information maximum likelihood method is applied to data from the 2004 Nepal household survey to account for unobserved factors that could simultaneously affect men's decision to migrate and women's decision to participate in the labor market. The results indicate that male migration has a negative impact on the level of the labor market participation by women in the migrant-sending household. There is evidence of substantial heterogeneity (based on both observable and unobservable characteristics) in the impact of male migration. The findings highlight the important gender dimension of the impact of predominantly male migration on the well-being of sending households. Strategies for economic development in Nepal should take into account such gender aspects of the migration dynamics.
EU's new member states: an untapped (and underappreciated) source of talent for MNCs?

The main purpose of this exploratory research was to study the strategic importance of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) as an emerging source of professional talent for European and American multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in Western Europe. The findings, based on in-depth interviews with 34 human resource leaders and consultants from 16 firms in the European Union and Switzerland, suggest that the new member states currently hold little strategic importance in the context of recruiting knowledge workers to Western Europe, and that MNCs' global staffing strategies may be excluding a strong and untapped source of professional talent. The less obvious and perhaps most important findings about why most of these MNCs do not systematically recruit from CEE countries lead to perceptions about CEE cultures and the communist legacy that still linger today.
Intelligent Techniques for Star-Pattern Recognition

This work presents the study of two different approaches for the attitude determination of space vehicles. The Neural Network approach is based on a simple Kohonen network, where the characteristics of a star distribution within the Field Of View (FOV) are matched against an on-board stored star map. The second approach utilizes a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The GA minimizes the discrepancy between the characteristics of the stars inside the FOV and a candidate FOV selected from the star map. Preliminary simulations indicate that both approaches work well and deliver good accuracy in determining the bore sight direction of the space vehicle with respect to the star map.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The effects of imperfect fuel-air mixing in a burner onno formation from nitrogen in the air and the fuel

In continuous-flow combustors burning atomized liquid fuels, inhomogeneities exist withinthe flow due to imperfect fuel-air mixing. These fuel-air ratio nonuniformities affect the formation of NO, both from the nitrogen in the air and from elemental nitrogen contained in the fuel. Experiments to demonstrate these effects have been carried out in a cylindrical atmospheric-pressure burner fueled with kerosene and kerosene doped with pyridine. Mixing and kinetic models are developed to explain how the measured concentrations of NO formed via the Zel'dovich mechanism and from fuel nitrogen vary with mean fuel-air ratio and initial degree of mixedness.
David Foster Wallace's Hometown: A Correction

In my essay on David Foster Wallace in Critique's special issue “An American Requiem: Elegies for Thirteen Novelists” (51.2), I briefly discuss Wallace's boyhood in Philo, Illinois, the tiny town h...
Intracellular processing of residualizing labels in different cell types in vitro

In previous autoradiographic studies on the sites of catabolism of rat serum albumin (RSA) in the rat, fibroblasts in skin and muscle were shown to accumulate degradation product from RSA labeled with the residualizing label dilactitol-125I-tyramine (125I-DLT) (Strobel et al., 1986 J. Biol. Chem., 261:7989-7994). Residualizing labels remain at the cellular site of degradation of the carrier protein because of their size, hydrophilicity, and resistance to lysosomal hydrolases. This study was designed to evaluate whether fibroblasts might retain labeled degradation products more efficiently than other cell types. The uptake of 125I-DLT-RSA and release of its degradation products and of a second non-biodegradable probe, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran, were studied in fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages, all cell types previously implicated in the catabolism of albumin in vivo. The rates of uptake of labeled protein and dextran were comparable in all cell types and consistent with fluid phase endocytosis. The rate of release of both intact protein (30-35% of total radioactivity released) and radioactively labeled degradation products followed similar kinetics and had half-lives ranging from 26 to 37 hr. The rate of release of FITC-dextran was slower than that of radioactivity, with a half-life of 42-125 hr. Thus, although there were differences between the rates of release of the fluorescent and radioactive materials in vitro, there were no significant differences in the disposition of protein-derived catabolites among these three cell types.
Air Embolism during Insertion of Central Venous Catheters

PURPOSE To determine the clinical consequences of air embolism occurring during insertion of central venous catheters. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computer search of our interventional radiology database revealed that 11,583 central venous catheters were inserted between January 1, 1995 and August 1, 2000: 7,178 were nontunneled and 4,404 were tunneled. Air embolism was reported to have occurred in 15 patients. Air embolization was recognized by audible air aspiration during catheter insertion or by fluoroscopic visualization of air within the right atrium or pulmonary artery. The radiology reports and medical records of these 15 patients were reviewed. RESULTS All 15 patients had an air embolism occur during insertion of a tunneled central venous catheter. These included eight Ash catheters, five chest wall ports, one Tesio catheter, and one Pheres-Flow catheter. Four patients remained asymptomatic. Six patients had mild symptoms that quickly resolved with supplemental oxygen. Four had moderate symptoms that also resolved with supplemental oxygen. One patient died acutely as a result of the air embolism. CONCLUSION Air embolism is a rare but potentially fatal complication of central venous catheter procedures. In our series, all occurred during insertion of a tunneled catheter through a peel-away sheath. The administration of supplemental oxygen was an effective treatment in the majority of patients.
Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal genitourinary tract anomalies

Specific diagnoses of fetal genitourinary anomalies can be made with current high resolution ultrasound. Accurate diagnosis is essential if fetal intervention is contemplated.
The Impact of First- Year Seminars on College Students' Life-long Learning Orientations

Using longitudinal data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, this study measured the impact of first-year seminars on college students’ life-long learning orientations. The fin...
Effect of Soil and Topographic Properties on Crop Yield in a North-Central Corn–Soybean Cropping System

Understanding the variability of soil and landscape properties and their effect on crop yield is a critical component of site-specific management systems. The objectives of this study were to identify yield-limiting soil properties and to investigate the relationship between soil properties and topographical variables and their relationship to crop yield. Two corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields in Michigan were sampled, and 23 soil properties from the top two horizons up to 50 cm deep were examined. Corn and soybean yield data were collected from 1996 through 2001 using a combine yield monitor. A multivariate statistical model, principal-component analysis (PCA), was used to identify important soil properties based on their potential to affect crop yield. Soil properties identified by PCA to be important to yield and two topographic variables, elevation and slope, derived from a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), were investigated for their effect on crop yield. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between soil properties and field topography and between crop yield and both soil and topographical variables. Principal-component analysis was useful in identifying important soil variables. Slope and very fine sand content were two major yield-limiting factors during the study period. Other soil variables such as base saturation, pH, clay content, and elevation were helpful in explaining yield variability. The combined effect of both soil and topography varied by year and explained 28 to 85% of the observed yield variability.
On damping in self-consistency cycling procedures

The effects of damping on cycling procedures intended to produce self-consistent results among coupled equations are investigated. Analytic procedures reveal that Hartree damping will effect the rate and mode of convergence without influencing the converged result for general series of polynomials. Other procedures may not meet the latter critical requirement. Choice of damping factor is analyzed and the relevance of geometric series extrapolation techniques to the convergence properties, with and without damping, of coupled polynomial series is examined.
Generalized Master Equation for High-Energy Passive Mode-Locking: The Sinusoidal Ginzburg–Landau Equation

A generalized master mode-locking model is presented to characterize the pulse evolution in a ring cavity laser passively mode-locked by a series of waveplates and a polarizer, and the equation is referred to as the sinusoidal Ginzburg-Landau equation (SGLE). The SGLE gives a better description of the cavity dynamics by accounting explicitly for the full periodic transmission generated by the waveplates and polarizer. Numerical comparisons with the full dynamics show that the SGLE is able to capture the essential mode-locking behaviors including the multi-pulsing instability observed in the laser cavity and does not have the drawbacks of the conventional master mode-locking theory, and the results are applicable to both anomalous and normal dispersions. The SGLE model supports high energy pulses that are not predicted by the master mode-locking theory, thus providing a platform for optimizing the laser performance.
Archaeological Typology and Practical Reality: A Dialectical Approach to Artifact Classification and Sorting

List of figures List of tables The archaeologist's preface The philosopher's preface Part I. Introductory: 1. Beginning points 2. Introductory theses Part II. The Nature of Types and Typologies: 3. Dimensions and elements of 'typehood' 4. Perceptual and conceptual foundations 5. The dialectics of type formulation 6. The nature of types 7. The structure of typologies 8. A synthetic definition of typology and type Part III. Typology in Action: The Medieval Nubian Pottery Typology: 9. Origin and development of the Nubian typology 10. Basic features of the Nubian typology 11. The uses of the Nubian Typology 12. Philosophical implications Part IV. Pragmatics of Archaeological Typology: 13. The starting point: purpose 14. The determinants of types: variables and attributes 15. The making of types: formulation, designation and description 16. The uses of type: typing and sorting 17. The ordering of types: taxonomy and seriation 18. Variation and variability in archaeological classifications 19. The bottom line: practicality 20. Principles of practical typology 21. Information-theoretic formulations Part V. Classification, Explanation and Theory: 22. The Typological Debate 23. Issues and non-issues in the Typological Debate 24. Conceptual problems 25. The use and abuse of theory 26. Paradigms and progress Appendices References Index.
Periodontitis and inflammatory markers in transplant recipients.

Background: Inflammation is associated with the deterioration of solid-organ transplants. Chronic periodontitis is linked to systemic inflammation, although it is unknown whether it plays a causative or comorbid role. We hypothesized that transplant subjects have a greater prevalence of severe periodontitis, accompanied by higher levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), compared to systemically healthy subjects.Methods: We recruited 90 renal and cardiac transplant recipients and 72 age-matched controls and compared their periodontal and systemic inflammatory status.Results: The prevalence of severe periodontitis was not statistically significantly different between transplant and control subjects. Serum IL-6 and CRP were higher in transplant subjects compared to control subjects and in subjects with severe periodontitis compared to subjects without periodontitis, but multivariate analysis showed that severe periodontitis was a significant positive predictor of serum IL-6 in the c...
Current trends in surgical approach and outcomes following pituitary tumor resection

Objectives/Hypothesis The goals of pituitary tumor resection include normalizing endocrine function, relieving mass effect, and minimizing risk of recurrence. This study investigated current trends in costs and complications for transfrontal and transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Study Design Retrospective review of the 2008–2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample for patients undergoing pituitary lesion resection. Methods Demographics and outcomes were compared between transfrontal and transsphenoidal surgical approaches using χ2 tests. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate outcomes while controlling for confounders. Results There were 8,543 admissions for resection of pituitary lesions that met our inclusion criteria. Most (>90%) were treated transsphenoidally. The transfrontal approach was most frequent in the young (<35 years) and in the South. Rates of mortality and complications were higher in patients undergoing transfrontal surgery. Multivariate analysis found transsphenoidal resection was associated with a reduction in hospital costs and length of stay by over 50%; low-volume hospitals had increased cost and length of stay. There was an increased rate of transfrontal approaches at low-volume centers. Conclusions Multiple factors influence outcomes of pituitary tumor resection. Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is associated with a shorter length of stay, lower cost, and lower complication rates when compared to transfrontal surgery. Case specifics, including tumor location and size, influence approach and lead to a selection bias that cannot be controlled for in the present study. The prevalence of transfrontal resections at low-volume centers may indicate an area of further investigation. Additionally, when controlling for surgical approach, low-volume centers were found to adversely affect economic outcomes and also warrants investigation. Level of Evidence 2c. Laryngoscope, 125:1307–1312, 2015
The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism

Suicide terrorism is rising around the world, but the most common explanations do not help us understand why. Religious fanaticism does not explain why the world leader in suicide terrorism is the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, a group that adheres to a Marxist/Leninist ideology, while existing psychological explanations have been contradicted by the widening range of socio-economic backgrounds of suicide terrorists. To advance our understanding of this growing phenomenon, this study collects the universe of suicide terrorist attacks worldwide from 1980 to 2001, 188 in all. In contrast to the existing explanations, this study shows that suicide terrorism follows a strategic logic, one specifically designed to coerce modern liberal democracies to make significant territorial concessions. Moreover, over the past two decades, suicide terrorism has been rising largely because terrorists have learned that it pays. Suicide terrorists sought to compel American and French military forces to abandon Lebanon in 1983, Israeli forces to leave Lebanon in 1985, Israeli forces to quit the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in 1994 and 1995, the Sri Lankan government to create an independent Tamil state from 1990 on, and the Turkish government to grant autonomy to the Kurds in the late 1990s. In all but the case of Turkey, the terrorist political cause made more gains after the resort to suicide operations than it had before. Thus, Western democracies should pursue policies that teach terrorists that the lesson of the 1980s and 1990s no longer holds, policies which in practice may have more to do with improving homeland security than with offensive military action.I thank Robert Art, Mia Bloom, Steven Cicala, Alex Downs, Daniel Drezner, Adria Lawrence, Sean Lynn-Jones, John Mearsheimer, Michael O'Connor, Sebastian Rosato, Lisa Weeden, the anonymous reviewers, and the members of the program on International Security Policy at the University of Chicago for their superb comments. I especially thank James K. Feldman and Chaim D. Kaufmann for their excellent comments on multiple drafts. I would also like to acknowledge encouragement from the committee for the Combating Political Violence paper competition sponsored by the Institute for War and Peace Studies at Columbia University, which selected an earlier version as a winning paper.