cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strong limits on the 20-µm emission from the high-redshift galaxy IRAS 10214 + 4724

We report new observations at 20 μm of the high-redshift galaxy IRAS 10214 + 4724 which, if the previous identification is correct, is the most luminous object known. In 6.6 h of integration time using the Infrared Telescope Facility bolometer, we determined the flux density to be 12 ± 8 mJy. Combination of this measurement with a published one made with the same instrument results in a 3 4σ1 upper limit of 23 mJy at 20.0 μm. This strong limit is markedly inconsistent with that expected for this galaxy using published starburst models which fit well the infrared spectral energy distribution at other wavelengths. However, we show that the spectral energy distribution incorporating our result is similar to those of some galaxies that are experiencing intense starbursts, and so our new results provide a basis for modification of the models
Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen in a high lightning intensity area

Intensive lightning strikes and high rainfall were assumed to increase atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) in the southern and eastern coastal regions of Florida. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of lightning strikes on deposition of NO3-N. Bulk precipitation was collected and analyzed for NO3 −‐N from September 1994 to August 1995. The lightning strikes significantly increased NO3-N deposition in rainwater. Annual contribution of NO3-N through precipitation was 3.8 kg N ha−1. Summer season (June–October) accounted for about 53% of total annual N deposition. *Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. R-04929.
Calculation of dispersion for a plane grating in a Czerny-Turner mount: a comment.

Recently a variety of array detectors have been used in the focal plane of Czerny-Turner plane-grating spectrometers. The output signals have been coupled to a variety of storage units, resulting in optical multi-channel analyzers (OMA). We present a clarification of the method for calculating the dispersion of this instrument, as well as a table of useful spectroscopic parameters for spectrometer–detector array combinations.
Invited talk: Challenges in Medical Cyber-Physical Systems

As computers and communication bandwidth become ever faster and cheaper, computing and communication capabilities are embedded in all types of objects and structures in the physical environment. Harnessing these capabilities to bridge the cyber-world with the physical world will allow the development of applications with great societal impact and economic benefit. At the heart of these applications are cyber-physical systems consisting of integrated computational and communication cores that interact with the physical world, with intelligence provided by embedded software. Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are engineered systems that provide tight integration of and coordination between the cyber world of computing and communications and the physical world. CPS are to meet the needs of the new generation of engineered systems that are highly dependable, efficiently produced and certified, and capable of advanced performance in computation, communication, and control. CPS will transform how we interact with and control the physical world around us, as the Internet transformed how we interact and communicate with one another and revolutionized how and where we access information. One application domain of CPS is Medical Cyber-Physical Systems (MCPS), which are life-critical, context-aware, networked systems of medical devices. Medical device industry is undergoing a transformation, embracing the potential of embedded software and network connectivity. Instead of stand-alone devices that can be designed, certified, and used to treat patients independent of each other, distributed systems that simultaneously control multiple aspects of the patient's physiology are increasingly used in hospitals to provide high-quality continuous care for patients. The combination of embedded software controlling medical devices, networking capabilities, and complicated physiological dynamics of patient bodies makes MCPS complex. The need to design complex MCPS that are both safe and effective presents numerous challenges, including achieving high assurance in system software, interoperability, context-aware intelligence, autonomy, security and privacy, and device certification. In this talk, I will discuss these challenges in developing MCPS and present some of our work in addressing them, and several open research and development issues.
Prediction of Blade Flutter in a Tuned Rotor

This paper is about blade flutter in a tuned rotor. With the aid of the combination of three dimensional structural finite element method, two dimensional aerodynamical finite difference method and strip theory, the quasi-steady models in which two degrees of freedom for a single wing were considered have been extended to multiple degrees of freedom for the whole blade in a tuned rotor. The eigenvalues solved from the blade motion equation have been used to judge whether the system is stable or not. The calculating procedure has been formed and using it the first stage rotating blades of a compressor where flutter had occurred, have been predicted. The numerical flutter boundaries have good agreement with the experimental ones.Copyright © 1985 by ASME
Gas Phase Solid Freeform Fabrication of Saldvi of SiC Cermets

In this work, the solid freeform fabrication of cermets was explored. Using a laser-based approach, SiC was deposited by chemical vapor deposition from tetramethylsilane gas into powder layers of Cu, Mo, or Ni. The resulting structures were examined to observe the extent of reaction between the metal powders and the vapor deposited SiC. Silicide formation was observed, most readily with the Ni powder. The thermal expansion of the metals compared to that of the vapor deposited SiC affected the interfacial stresses generated in the cermets during fabrication.
Hall effect voltage reversal in shock-loaded p-type (100) Germanium

Abstract Dynamic Hall effect measurements have been performed for the first time on single crystal p-type (10 14 carriers/cm 3 ) Ge during plane shock wave loading. A 40–50 kbar stress pulse was introduced along the (100) direction by means of a low pressure explosive plane wave lens. The p-type Ge was observed to reverse Hall voltage polarity to n-type as the shock propagated through the sample.
Sensors for chemical weapons detection

Many methods can sense and respond to chemical agent release. We evaluate current and near-term sensor options for detecting the most likely threats, currently sarin, cyanide, and pesticides. We also identify sensor technologies that may be capable of responding to additional chemical threats and biological agents and provide options for coping with new threats as they develop. We collate previous research results on background contaminants that have the potential of introducing unwanted false alarms in chemical agent detection systems and suggest techniques that may be capable of reducing the impact of releases of toxic materials.
Tail-hoarding in the albino rat

Abstract A form of object-retrieval is described, in which the rat transports a part of its own body, usually its tail, from the outside environment into its home cage. The first experiment reported shows that ‘tail-hoarding’ can occur without previous hoarding experience. The second indicates that this behaviour is less frequent when the animals are deprived of food, as found previously for the hoarding of other non-food objects.
Increased nuclear proteins in muscle satellite cells in aged animals as compared to young growing animals.

Abstract Evidence implies that satellite cells could play some limiting role in aged muscle undergoing repair or maintenance of mass, which is of potential clinical concern as this could contribute to sarcopenia. Further, insufficient information is available concerning the cellular mechanisms responsible for the lower rat satellite cell proliferation in old animals. Thus, it was hypothesized that the following proteins would be increased in nuclei of satellite cells from old rat skeletal muscle: the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 WAF1/CIP1 and p27 Kip1 as well as the transcription factors p53 and Forkhead box, subgroup O1 (FOXO1). In addition, the NAD + -dependent histone deacetylase SIRT1, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SIR2 (silence information regulator 2) and a member of the Sirtuin family, was hypothesized to decrease in satellite cell nuclei of old rats. Old satellite cells (30-months old) exhibited a lesser number of BrdU-positive cells as compared to satellite cells (3-months old) from young growing animals. Western blot analysis demonstrated that nuclei of old satellite cells accumulated the cell cycle inhibitors p21 WAF1/CIP1 and p27 Kip1 . In addition, nuclear p53 and FOXO1 proteins were also higher in old satellite cells than in cells from young growing animals. These data indicated both p53/p21 WAF1/CIP1 - and FOXO1/p27 Kip1 -dependent pathways might contribute to the age-associated decrease in satellite cell proliferation. Cytoplasmic manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a gene driven by FOXO1, was higher in old satellite cells. Unexpectedly, nuclear SIRT1 was also increased in old satellite cells compared with satellite cells from young growing animals. The physiological significance of enhanced nuclear SIRT1 expression in old satellite cells remains elusive at this time. In summary, satellite cells in old rats have nuclear accumulation of proteins inhibiting the cell cycle as compared to young, growing animals.
A chemiluminescent assay for quantitation of β-galactosidase in the femtogram range: Application to quantitation of β-galactosidase in lacZ-transfected cells

An optimized chemiluminescent assay for beta-galactosidase using a chemiluminescent substrate AMPGD (3-(4-methoxyspiro[1,2-dioxetane-3,2'-tricyclo-[3.3.1. 1(3,7)]decan]-4- yl)phenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) is described. This assay is rapid and sensitive and can detect as little as 2 fg of beta-galactosidase. Its use for the quantitation of beta-galactosidase in cells transfected with lacZ-expressing vectors is described. It is possible to detect a single cell stably expressing lacZ by this technique.
Pulmonary Vein Stenosis After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

Background—This report describes the complication of pulmonary vein stenosis with resultant severe pulmonary hypertension that developed in 2 patients after successful catheter ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results—Three months after successful catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, both patients developed progressive dyspnea and pulmonary hypertension. Both were found to have severe stenosis of all 4 pulmonary veins near the junction with the left atrium. Balloon dilation of the stenotic pulmonary veins was performed in these patients, with improvement in dyspnea and pulmonary hypertension. Conclusions—The complication of pulmonary vein stenosis is potentially life-threatening, and the application of radiofrequency current within the pulmonary veins with standard catheter technology should be avoided. This complication can be treated with balloon dilation, although the long-term course is unknown.
Accelerated Restitution of Endothelial Integrity and Endothelium-Dependent Function After phVEGF165 Gene Transfer

Background Delinquent reendothelialization (rET) has been shown to have a permissive, if not facilitatory, impact on smooth muscle cell proliferation. This inverse relation has been attributed to c...
13C proton shift correlation spectroscopy of a whole coal

Abstract This paper reports the first application of 13C-proton chemical shift correlation spectroscopy to a whole coal. This dimensional n.m.r. technique separates the components of the solid state proton spectrum using the chemical shifts of the 13C-nuclei to which the protons are bonded. The correlation of chemical shifts is useful in assigning 13C signals in the CP/MAS spectrum. The method is shown to be particularly useful for disentangling the overlapping bands in the aliphatic region of CP/MAS spectra and assigning them to specific functional types.
Endoscopic-approach development for minimally invasive orbital surgery

Purpose: Orbital tumors and pseudotumor cerebri are sometimes treated with surgical approaches. Our previous studies suggest that potentially endoscopy may be useful for minimally invasive orbital surgery. This study proposed to improve the approach technique for accessing the posterior orbital space via endoscopy, as well as assess visibility improvements with CO 2 insufflation to posterior orbital tissues. Methods: An inferior transconjunctival approach accessed the posterior orbital space in non-survival pigs. Various guidance tubes were compared to assess ability to guide the endoscope to the posterior orbit with the greatest ease and visibility. FEL energy application (6.1 mm, 2.7 ± 0.5 mJ, 30 Hz, delivered via glass-hollow waveguide) was attempted via endoscopy. The effect of CO 2 gas insufflation was assessed by analyzing visibility of the stuctures before and after CO 2 application. Results: The posterior orbit was accessed via endoscopy in all except the first attempted eye. A beveled transparent butyrate tube provided the best guidance for the endoscope and an opaque metal tube provided the worst guidance. The optic nerve was encountered and FEL energy was applied with the butyrate tube in 8 orbits. Visibility was adequate without CO 2 insufflation, and did not improve with CO 2 . Conclusions: The posterior orbit was successfully accessed using endoscopy. The optic nerve was exposed and treated with FEL energy. CO 2 insufflation did not further enhance visibility in this study. Application of endoscopy for posterior orbital procedures is feasible, but extreme surgical care is required and further study with human cadaveric eyes is needed.
Where the Spirit Leads vs. What the Researcher Sees: Assessing Hans Baer's Work on Black Spiritual Churches

Baer, Hans. The Black Spiritual Movement. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984. viii + 221 pp. including references and index. $18.95 cloth.
Wormhole-Resilient Secure Neighbor Discovery in Underwater Acoustic Networks

Neighbor discovery is a fundamental requirement and need be done frequently in underwater acoustic networks (UANs) with floating node mobility. In hostile environments, neighbor discovery is vulnerable to the wormhole attack by which the adversary uses secret wormhole links to make distant nodes falsely accept each other as neighbors. The wormhole attack may lead to many undesirable consequences and cannot be solved by cryptographic methods. Existing wormhole defenses for ground wireless networks cannot be directly applied to UANs where most of their assumptions no longer hold. This paper presents a suite of novel protocols to enable wormhole-resilient secure neighbor discovery in UANs. Our protocols are based on the Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation of acoustic signals, a basic functionality readily available in current UANs. The proposed protocols can thwart the wormhole attack with overwhelming probability without conventional hard requirements on secure and accurate time synchronization and localization. Detailed theoretical analysis and simulation results confirm the high performance of the proposed protocols.
Off-design study of an open cycle MHD power plant with oxygen enrichment

This paper explores some of the more important aspects of off-design operation for an magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power plant. An essential requirement is that the plant be designed to meet part-load and overload conditions. Furthermore, the optimal design should be subject to a specified load demand curve. For off-design regimes, an analysis is made to determine the compatible joint operating conditions for an MHD topping cycle, a steam bottoming plant, a turbine train, a compressor, and an oxygen separation plant. The analysis performed is subject to constraints (e.g. metal temperatures, second law violations, component performance requirements, environmental considerations). 12 refs.
The effects of standardization process on competition: An event study of the standardization process in the US cable modem market

This paper assesses the effect of standardization on competition in the US cable modem market. The standardization process in this market has involved two competing standardization groups, a commercial consortium (Multimedia Cable Network System Partners Ltd) and an official organization (the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers working group IEEE 802.14). In such circumstances, standardization related activities might affect competition both within a standardization group and between standards. The paper distinguishes between these effects based on firms' membership in standardization groups, and uses event study methodology to assess the effects of standardization activities on competition as perceived by investors. The results imply that not all consortium-led standardization activities were perceived to increase inter-firm competition.
Role of phosphatidylinositol turnover in alpha1 and of adenylate cyclase inhibition in alpha2 effects of catecholamines

Abstract Ligand binding and pharmacological studies have indicated that alpha-adrenergic receptors can be divided into alpha1 and alpha2. We suggest that alpha1 receptors mediate those metabolic effects of alpha catecholamines which involve phosphatidylinositol turnover and the release of bound intracellular Ca2+ as well as the entry of extracellular Ca2+. In contrast, alpha effects of catecholamines are due to non-specific inhibition of adenylate cyclase through a mechanism independent of Ca2+. A similar classification for the effects of both histamine and serotonin suggests that they have separate type 1 or alpha receptors for Ca2+ dynamics which are different from type 2 or beta receptors which regulate adenylate cyclase. There is a significant correlation between hormone effects on phosphatidylinositol turnover and elevation of intracellular Ca2+. The available data suggest that the turnover of membrane-bound phosphatidylinositol is involved in Ca2+ gating in rat hepatocytes, rat and hamster adipocytes and blowfly salivary glands. In hamster adipocytes adenylate cyclase activity is also inhibited by alpha2 catecholamines through a Ca2+ independent mechanism.
The chain conformations of a polyether based on bis(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-p-xylylene and 1,11-dibromoundecane (HPX-c11) in its mesophase states, derived from 13C NMR

A thermotropic main-chain polyether based on bis(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-p-xylylene and 1,11-dibromoundecane has been studied by variable-temperature solid-state 13C NMR. Between isotropization and glass transition temperatures, the material can be identified to be semicrystalline, consisting of two conformationally and motionally distinguishable phases. The more mobile component is liquid-like and thus, can be attributed to an amorphous phase. In the more rigid component, the molecules have a conformationally disordered methylene sequence. In the low-temperature ordered phase approximately ⅔ of the carbon-carbon bonds are trans (t). Starting from the bond between the oxygen and the first methylene carbon, the bond conformations are: dtdttttttdtd, where d stands for disordered (i.e., it represents the common dynamic interchange between gauche and trans with an overall gauche content of perhaps 40%). The motion of the αα′-diphenoxy-p-xylylene unit consists mainly of 180° ring-flips, which cause no entropy increase relative to ordered phenylene groups in a crystal, but significantly changes the 13C NMR spectra. The central p-xylylene ring starts its flipping motion at a lower temperature than the two phenoxy rings. The high-temperature mesophase contains a methylene sequence of the bond conformations: dtdddttdddtd. Thus, the difference between the low-temperature and high-temperature mesophases consists of different degrees of conformational disorder. Thermal analysis seems to indicate that additional mesophases may be possible. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
MMPI-2 interpretation and closed head injury: A correction factor

Conventional Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) interpretation is widely applied to the profiles of neurologic patients, despite the test's psychiatric-based interpretative norms and inclusion of items that appear to be descriptive of neurologic dysfunction. This study used 75 closed-head-trauma (CHT) patients to examine the impact of neurologic-symptom items on MMPI-2 profiles. Commonly endorsed items that differentiated this sample from a group of normal adults were factor analyzed
Multi-anyon ions and photoluminescence spectrum of fractional quantum Hall systems

Abstract Quasiparticles of fractional quantum Hall effect states are anyons carrying fractional charge and obeying fractional statistics. Anyons can interact with charged impurities on or near the plane of the electron layer to form bound states. We study a system consisting of a finite number of electrons confined to a spherical surface interacting with a localized valence-band hole separated from the surface by a distance d. A number of ionic states, consisting of several quasielectrons bound to the localized hole, can be identified from the dependence of the energy spectrum on Landau level filling factor v e. The photoluminescence spectrum resulting from electron-hole recombination is studied as a function of separation d and filling factor v e at a finite temperature. The multipeaked structure of the general spectrum supports the hypothesis of stable anyonic ions.
Gert on Rationality, Intrinsic Value, and the Overridingness of Morality*

Gert's Morality is a remarkably original, lucid, ambitious, and wide-ranging book. No short essay can do justice to it. I offer four criticisms of Gert. First, he doesn't adequately defend the priority he gives to avoiding evils over seeking goods. Second, he begs some important questions about moral realism in a way that is crucial for his definition of rationality and his larger purposes in the book. Third, his rejection of utilitarianism and religious morality rests on an assumption he doesn't adequately defend. Fourth, he is mistaken in claiming that moral judgments are not overriding. Rationality. The heart of Gert's theory is his theory of rationality. He defines good and evil in terms of rationality:
Polarization transfer in the 2 (d, p) 3 reaction at 0°

Abstract Measurements have been made of the polarization of protons at 0° from the 2 H(d, p) 3 H reaction at 7.1 and 9.8 MeV using deuteron beams with either vector or tensor polarization. The proton polarization was observed to nearly equal the deuteron vector polarization.
Dissemination of state information in distributed autonomous systems

Many researchers are devising algorithms for task placement in distributed systems, but few are designing the necessary mechanisms to provide the information required by those algorithms. Fundamental to these mechanisms is an accurate means for information exchange between distributed systems. The MESSIAHS project investigated the construction of a set of mechanisms to support task placement in autonomous, heterogeneous, distributed systems. In this paper we describe the semantics of the protocols used to exchange system state information within MESSIAHS, and develop formal models to prove that the protocols accurately propagate system description information throughout the system.
The historical record for Sirius: evidence for a white-dwarf thermonuclear runaway?

Evidence was recently presented that in medieval times Sirius was a bright red star, rather than the present bluish-white star. Here, the results of attempts to detect possible planetary nebula ejecta toward Sirius using data obtained by the IUE are presented. Based on these results and in the light of recent advances in understanding white-dwarf evolution, it is proposed that Sirius B underwent a recent thermonuclear runaway event triggered by a diffusion-induced CN reaction.
Why DOMA is unconstitutional, beyond the traditional views of same sex relationships

The debate regarding the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) is centered on issues of sexuality. Yet, surprisingly within the statute there are no definitions for “man” and “woman.” These terms may seem self-evident; however, we would argue that it is not always clear.
The statistical origin of bulk mechanical properties and slip behavior in fcc metals

Abstract A dislocations-based model is presented for predicting the flow stress of a pre-deformed metal single crystal. The model is based upon a combination of basic dislocation physics, the distribution of dislocation segment lengths in cell walls and percolation theory. With only the magnitude of the Burgers vector and the elastic shear modulus as inputs, and with no adjustable parameters, the model correctly predicts the formation of slip lines and slip bands, the linear behavior of the stress–strain curve in stage II hardening, the Voce behavior in stage III and the magnitude of the flow stress for deformed Al single crystals.
Evolution systems in semiconductor device modeling: A cyclic uncoupled line analysis for the gummel map

The initial/boundary-value problem for isothermal, lattice, semiconductor device modeling is described and analyzed. This nonlinear elliptic/parabolic system of reaction/diffusion/convection type is determined by a Maxwell equation, relating space/charge and the electric field, and by two continuity equations for the free electron and hole carrier concentrations. The Einstein relations for Brownian motion are not assumed in this analysis, so that the electrostatic potential, u, and the carrier concentrations, n and p, are the fundamental dependent variables of the system. The boundary conditions are Dirichlet conditions for dependent variable values on the contact portions of the device, and homogeneous Neumann conditions, expressing insulation, on the complement. Complicating the analysis are the transition singularity points between the mixed boundary conditions, and the field dependence of the mobility and diffusion coefficients. By means of a physically motivated analysis of the convective current component, we are able to uncouple the system by a cyclic horizontal line analysis, without an unreasonable time step restriction. The corresponding linear equations are solved by a contractive inner iteration. The outer iteration is shown to converge to a unique solution of the system, under singularity classification at the transition points. The definition of this outer iteration follows the steady-state Gummel iteration at discrete time steps. An existence theory is a by-product of the analysis, and is separated from uniqueness theory.
Limiting the Scope of Strategy: A Decision Based Approach

This paper focuses on the definitional problems surrounding the strategy concept, particularly the failure to define adequately the types of decisions that are strategic in character. A “strategic decision set” that can be applied across all firms and industries is developed, followed by a discussion of implications for teaching and research.
Impairment of flow-induced dilation of skeletal muscle arterioles with elevated oxygen in normotensive and hypertensive rats.

The effects of elevated PO(2) on flow-induced dilation of in situ skeletal muscle arterioles was assessed in cremaster muscle preparations from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Blood flow increases in selected arterioles were initiated by occlusion of a parallel daughter branch from a parent arteriole. Changes in the diameter of the perfused arteriole were measured with a video micrometer and erythrocyte velocity was measured using optical Doppler velocimetry. Superfusate PO(2) was controlled by changing the O(2) concentration (0% O(2) or 21% O(2)) of the equilibration gas mixture. The increase in arteriolar diameter during occlusion was reduced in SHR compared to WKY rats, resulting in an elevated wall shear rate in SHR. Elevated PO(2) decreased flow-induced dilation in both groups and increased wall shear rate during parallel occlusion. An inhibitor of the formation of 20-HETE via cytochrome P450-4A enzymes (P450), dibromododecenyl methylsulfimide, minimized O(2)-induced constriction of arterioles and prevented the O(2)-induced decrease in flow-induced dilation and the increase in wall shear rate in both SHR and WKY rats. These results suggest that: (1) flow-induced dilation of in situ skeletal muscle arterioles is impaired in SHR compared to WKY, (2) elevated O(2) compromises flow-induced dilation in both groups, (3) 20-HETE contributes to both the O(2)-induced increases in resting tone and the reduced flow-induced dilation of cremasteric arterioles with elevated PO(2).
A New Framework for Distributed Detection With Conditionally Dependent Observations

Distributed detection with conditionally dependent observations is known to be a challenging problem in decentralized inference. This paper attempts to make progress on this problem by proposing a new framework for distributed detection that builds on a hierarchical conditional independence model. Through the introduction of a hidden variable that induces conditional independence among the sensor observations, the proposed model unifies distributed detection with dependent or independent observations. This new framework allows us to identify several classes of distributed detection problems with dependent observations whose optimal decision rules resemble the ones for the independent case. The new framework induces a decoupling effect on the forms of the optimal local decision rules for these problems, much in the same way as the conditionally independent case. This is in sharp contrast to the general dependent case where the coupling of the forms of local sensor decision rules often renders the problem intractable. Such decoupling enables the use of, for example, the person-by-person optimization approach to find optimal local decision rules. Two classical examples in distributed detection with dependent observations are reexamined under this new framework: detection of a deterministic signal in dependent noises and detection of a random signal in independent noises.
An Active Feedback System for Stabilizing Visual Images

In normal vision, eye movements cause the image to move on the retina. Special apparatus can stabilize the image on the retina so it cannot move, and vision fades away. Previous methods for stabilizing the image were either optical systems or complex computer-controlled feedback systems. A simpler feedback system is presented which detects eye motion and rotates a mirror through which the target is viewed, to exactly compensate for eye motion. Unlike previous optical systems, this new system has no lenses in either the viewing or the image-forming path to limit the spatial resolution.
Catalytic properties of palladium nanoclusters synthesized within diblock copolymer films: hydrogenation of ethylene and propylene

Abstract Palladium nanoclusters were synthesized within microphase-separated diblock copolymer films of [MTD] 113 [Pd(Cp N )PA] 50 (MTD=methyltetracyclododecene, Cp N = endo -2-(cyclopentadienylmethyl)norborn-5-ene, PA= η 3 -1-phenylallyl). The organometallic repeat units were reduced by exposing the films to hydrogen at 100°C, leading to the formation of nearly monodisperse palladium nanoclusters. TEM, SAXS, and WAXS were used to characterized the polymer morphology and cluster size. The nanocomposites were active catalysts for hydrogenation of ethylene and propylene. The cluster size and voids within the polymer matrix were important factors in determining the catalyst activity, expressed as the moles of alkene hydrogenated per mole palladium per second. In contrast to permeation results that showed that the permeability of propylene in polyMTD is greater than that of ethylene, the catalyst activity for hydrogenation of ethylene was greater than that for propylene.
MALIGNANT CYTOLOGICAL WASHINGS FROM PROSTATE SPECIMENS: : AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF BIOCHEMICAL PROGRESSION AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

Purpose: Malignant cells have previously been identified in the cytological washings of prostate specimens obtained at radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. We investigated whether malignant cells in the cytological washings of radical prostatectomy specimens predict biochemical progression. The affect of total androgen blockade on cytological washings was also examined.Materials and Methods: Cytological washings were obtained from radical prostatectomy specimens in 147 consecutive patients undergoing the procedure for clinically localized prostate cancer between November 1993 and April 1998. Of the 147 patients 54 were randomly selected to receive 1 month of total androgen blockade immediately before prostatectomy. To obtain the cytological specimen the extirpated prostate was subjected to a normal saline bath, as previously described. The cytology specimen was examined by a single cytopathologist blinded to preoperative and pathological findings. Biochemical progression, define...
Dual Energy CT Application in the Abdomen

The evolution of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) and associated clinical advances continue to permeate the landscape of abdominal imaging. This article reviews general topics and recent contributions pertinent to progressive clinical implementation of this technology. Recent studies underscore the recognition of the dependence of the Hounsfield unit (HU) on keV and the resultant need for the translation of traditional diagnostic criteria. Similarly, critical assessment of virtual unenhanced imaging and its potential to replace true non-contrast imaging has been reflected in a number of studies that explore this critical radiation dose control function. The introduction of novel protocols includes the use of biphasic contrast technique, which, coupled with material discrimination, highlight capabilities unique to the DECT technique.
DODECIC 3-ADIC FIELDS

Let n be an integer and p be a prime number. An important problem in number theory is to classify the degree n extensions of the p-adic numbers through their arithmetic invariants. The most difficult cases arise when p divides n and n is composite. In this paper, we consider the case n = 12 and p = 3; the degrees n < 12 having previously been determined.
Identification of modified atropaldehyde mercapturic acids in rat and human urine after felbamate administration.

3-Carbamoyl-2-phenylpropionaldehyde has recently been proposed [Thompson et al. (1996) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 9, 1225−1229] as a potential reactive metabolite of the anti-epileptic drug felbamate. This aldehyde was found to undergo rapid elimination to generate 2-phenylpropenal and reversible cyclization to generate 4-hydroxy-5-phenyltetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2-one at physiological pH. 2-Phenylpropenal, an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde commonly termed atropaldehyde, is a potent electrophile and undergoes rapid conjugation with glutathione. We sought to demonstrate the formation of atropaldehyde in vivo through the identification of mercapturic acids in rat and human urine after felbamate administration. In this paper, we describe the identification of both the reduced (N-acetyl-S-(2-phenylpropan-3-ol)-l-cysteine) and oxidized (N-acetyl-S-(2-phenyl-3-propanoic acid)-l-cysteine) mercapturic acids of atropaldehyde in rat and human urine. The reduced species was the more abundant in human (∼2:1) and rat (∼6:1) urine. The...
A Nonlinear Model for Structural Vibrations in Rolling Element Bearings: Part II—Simulation and Results

This is the second of two companions papers. In the first paper, A Nonlinear Model for Structural Vibrations in Rolling Element Bearings: Part I-Derivation of Governing Equations, equations governing the vibrational response of rolling element bearings were developed. The mathematical formulations are utilized in this paper to study a number of effects on bearing structural vibrations. These include the effects of relative size of roller and inner and outer races, and inertias of inner and outer race assemblies, i.e., inertia of the races plus the components of an external system to which the inner and outer races are attached; the load acting on the bearing, its magnitude and nature (i.e., whether linear, rotational etc.). The studies are made under constant operating conditions (speed, lubrication) and the results obtained are discussed.
High Efficiency Liquid and Super‐/Subcritical Fluid‐Based Enantiomeric Separations: An Overview

Abstract This overview covers chiral separations using high‐performance liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis. This is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all papers published in these areas. Chiral selectors can be categorized into a few classes: i.e., macrocyclic chiral selectors, polymeric chiral selectors, π–π interaction chiral selectors, ligand exchange chiral selectors, and miscellaneous/hybrid chiral selectors. The focus of this work is to outline the basic principles, structural features, and usefulness of each class of molecules. The evolution and major developments within each class of chiral selectors will be examined as well.
Occupational mortality from inflammatory bowel disease in the United States 1991–1996

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The occupational distribution of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may help to shed light on its yet unknown etiology. The U.S. vital statistics offer the opportunity to study cause of death by occupation and industry. METHODS: The numbers of deaths from Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis were retrieved from the computerized 1991–1996 data files of the National Center for Health Statistics. Deaths were grouped by gender, ethnicity, disease type, occupation, and industry. Mortality by occupation and industry were expressed as proportional mortality ratio (PMR), adjusted for gender and ethnicity. RESULTS: Between 1991 and 1996, 2399 subjects died from Crohn’s disease and 2419 subjects died from ulcerative colitis. Significant correlations were found between the PMR values of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease regarding their distribution by occupation, r = 0.36 and p CONCLUSIONS: IBD mortality is low in occupations associated with manual work and farming and relatively high in sedentary occupations associated with indoor work. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis show a similar distribution.
Possible relationship between spontaneoushypoglycemia and the “maternal deprivation syndrome”: Case reports*

We have observed the association of transient hypoglycemia, temporary ACTH deficiency, and elements of “maternal deprivation” or parental neglect in three children. Since reversible pituitary deficiency has been documented in the syndrome of “maternal deprivation” and since hypoglycemia can be the manifestation of ACTH and/or growth hormone deficiency, we suggest that recognition of hypoglycemia in the pediatric population may sometimes lead to the discovery of an adverse environment.
Software safety: why, what, and how

Software safety issues become important when computers are used to control real-time, safety-critical processes. This survey attempts to explain why there is a problem, what the problem is, and what is known about how to solve it. Since this is a relatively new software research area, emphasis is placed on delineating the outstanding issues and research topics.
Is the b quark mixed with a vectorlike quark

We examine the possibility of an exotic vectorlike charge (/minus/(1/3)) quark /ital h/ mixing with the /ital d/-type quarks. The currently accepted Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements, though consistent with unitarity, allow substantial mixing of such an exotic quark with the /ital b/ quark. Concentrating on /ital h/-/ital b/ mixing, we find several distinctive signatures---in top-quark production and decay, /ital Z//r arrow//bar /ital bb//, and flavor-violating rare /ital Z/ decays---which may be experimentally testable in the near future.
Using Key Messages to Explore Rhetoric in Professional Writing

This article introduces an assignment that uses key messages to introduce students to the different ways that rhetoric is used in professional writing. In particular, this article discusses how ana...
Evidence-based programs registry: Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development

Abstract There is a growing demand for evidence-based programs to promote healthy youth development, but this growth has been accompanied by confusion related to varying definitions of evidence-based and mixed messages regarding which programs can claim this designation. The registries that identify evidence-based programs, while intended to help users sift through the findings and claims regarding programs, has oftentimes led to more confusion with their differing standards and program ratings. The advantages of using evidence-based programs and the importance of adopting a high standard of evidence, especially when taking programs to scale,are described. One evidence-based registry is highlighted—Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development hosted at the University of Colorado Boulder.Unlike any previous initiative of its kind, Blueprintsestablished unmatched standards for identifying evidence-based programs and has acted in a way similar to the FDA – evaluating evidence, data and research to determine which programs meet their high standard of proven efficacy.
Determination of the Structure and Orientation of Organic Molecules Tethered to Flat Graphitic Carbon by ATR-FT-IR and Raman Spectroscopy

Mono- and multilayers of nitroazobenzene (NAB), azobenzene (AB), nitrobiphenyl (NBP), biphenyl (BP), and fluorene (FL) were covalently bonded to flat pyrolyzed photoresist films (PPF) by electrochemical reduction of their diazonium derivatives. The structure and orientation of the molecular layers were probed with ATR-FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. A hemispherical germanium ATR element used with p-polarized light at 65° incidence angle yielded high signal/noise IR spectra for monolayer coverage of molecules on PPF. The IR spectra are dominated by in-plane vibrational modes in the 1000−2000-cm-1 spectral range but also exhibit weaker out-of-plane deformations in the 650−1000-cm-1 region. The average tilt angle with respect to the surface normal for the various molecules varied from 31.0 ± 4.5° for NAB to 44.2 ± 5.4° for FL with AB, NBP, and BP exhibiting intermediate adsorption geometries. Raman intensity ratios of NAB and AB for p- and s-polarized incident light support the conclusion that the chemisorbed ...
Artificial intelligence for medical knowledge representation/reasoning/acquisition

Time is central to medical reasoning in tasks such as diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and therapy planning. However few computerized medical information systems make explicit use of time. Only in the last few years more attention has been given to the temporal aspects of medicine. The author attempts to provide a unified framework to capture diverse aspects of medical temporal reasoning such as knowledge representation, query processing, approximate reasoning and learning. >
Face cluster radiosity

An algorithm for simulating diffuse interreflection in complex three dimensional scenes is described. It combines techniques from hierarchical radiosity and multiresolution modelling. A new face clustering technique for automatically partitioning polygonal models is used. The face clusters produced group adjacent triangles with similar normal vectors. They are used during radiosity solution to represent the light reflected by a complex object at multiple levels of detail. Also, the radiosity method is reformulated in terms of vector irradiance and power. Together, face clustering and the vector formulation of radiosity permit large savings. Excessively fine levels of detail are not accessed by the algorithm during the bulk of the solution phase, greatly reducing its memory requirements relative to previous methods. Consequently, the costliest steps in the simulation can be made sub-linear in scene complexity. Using this algorithm, radiosity simulations on scenes of one million input polygons can be computed on a standard workstation.
The Hawaiification of Sipsongbanna: Orality, Power, and Cultural Survival in Southwest China

Near the Burmese border, ethnic Chinese Tai villagers perform zhangkhap songs based on Buddhist epics and improvised oral poetry. Repressed from the 1950s as through the 'as, zhanghap has revived dramatically in recent years. Tourists are taking notice, but this may not be good news.
Thermomechanical and Swelling Behavior of Polymers Used in Wool Shrinkproofing

Thermomechanical and swelling properties of polymers used in wool shrinkproofing have been investigated. The studies involve a crosslinked polyamide, a polyacrylate, and a polyurethane. Swelling seems to be important only with the hydrogel type of polymer (crosslinked polyamide) used in this work. The mechanical modulus of the polymers is seen to be related to their shrinkproofing ability but does not seem to be the only factor. Torsional braid analysis shows that the loss tangent of the hydrogel-type polymer is drastically reduced when the polymer swells. This decrease is due to the low deformahility of chairk segments of the fully-swollen network, which might influence the bending be havior of single fibers. The high loss tangent of the polyurethane suggests that elastic hysteresis of the crosslinked network may be important in the shrinkproofing mechanism.
The role of suppression in sentence comprehension

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the mechanism of suppression and the vital role that suppression plays in sentence comprehension. The chapter demonstrates how suppression fine-tunes the meanings of words and the vital role that suppression plays in sentence comprehension by documenting that less skilled readers/listeners suffer from less efficient suppression mechanisms. Less skilled readers/listeners are also less able to suppress the incorrect forms of homophones, and they are less able to suppress words while viewing pictures or suppress pictures while reading words. Anaphors differ in how much suppression and enhancement they trigger. The more explicit the anaphor, the more suppression and enhancement it triggers. The mechanisms of suppression and enhancement are also crucial to a process called cataphoric access.
The Clinical Significance of Measles: A Review

Forty years after effective vaccines were licensed, measles continues to cause death and severe disease in children worldwide. Complications from measles can occur in almost every organ system. Pneumonia, croup, and encephalitis are common causes of death; encephalitis is the most common cause of long-term sequelae. Measles remains a common cause of blindness in developing countries. Complication rates are higher in those 20 years old, although croup and otitis media are more common in those <2 years old and encephalitis in older children and adults. Complication rates are increased by immune deficiency disorders, malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, intense exposures to measles, and lack of previous measles vaccination. Case-fatality rates have decreased with improvements in socioeconomic status in many countries but remain high in developing countries.
Saints or Sinners, Scholars or Ignoramuses? Stories About the Rabbis as Evidence for the Composite Nature of the Babylonian Talmud

As Jacob Neusner and others have argued, before talmudic stories can be evaluated as historical evidence we must ask who the original authors were, what were their motives, and who was their intended audience. Even once we obtain the “original” version of a story, we do not necessarily have access to the historical event which gave rise to the story. For perhaps accounts of the historical event have been colored, even distorted beyond recognition, by the needs, desires, and beliefs of the original authors. Or perhaps the stories they transmit are fabrications, invented by students or later editors with a particular goal in mind.