cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endocytosis and Degradation of Murine Anti-Human CD3 Monoclonal Antibodies by Normal and Malignant T-Lymphocytes

Treatment of lymphoid malignancies with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and immunoconjugates is a promising new immunotherapeutic approach. However, few published studies have examined in detail the subcellular fate of antibodies following binding to lymphocyte cell surface antigens. In this study, we have investigated the disposition of monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody 64.1 following binding to normal and malignant T-lymphocytes by using cellular radioimmunoassays and immunoperoxidase and immunogold electron microscopy. Anti-CD3 mAbs were predominantly cleared from the cell membrane at 37 degrees C by receptor-mediated endocytosis, although passive shedding of antibody was also observed. Internalized antibody was sequentially transferred from coated pits to receptosomes and eventually to lysosomes. Intralysosomal degradation appeared to be the ultimate fate of internalized radiolabeled mAbs and was followed by exocytosis of free 125I to the culture medium. Ammonium chloride and monensin were potent inhibitors of lysosomal degradation of 125I-anti-CD3 mAbs and caused intracellular trapping of radiolabeled antibodies. The rapid endocytosis, degradation, and exocytosis of antibody observed in these studies elucidate the mechanism of the improved efficacy of anti-CD3 immunoconjugates when used in conjunction with inhibitors of lysosomal action.
Functional asymmetries in ON and OFF ganglion cells of primate retina

Functional asymmetries in the ON and OFF pathways of the primate visual system were examined using simultaneous multi-electrode recordings from dozens of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in vitro. Light responses of RGCs were characterized using white noise stimulation. Two distinct functional types of cells frequently encountered, one ON and one OFF, had non-opponent spectral sensitivity, relatively high response gain, transient light responses, and large receptive fields (RFs) that tiled the region of retina recorded, suggesting that they belonged to the same morphological cell class, most likely parasol. Three principal functional asymmetries were observed. (1) Receptive fields of ON cells were 20% larger in diameter than those of OFF cells, resulting in higher full-field sensitivity. (2) ON cells had faster response kinetics than OFF cells, with a 10-20% shorter time to peak, trough and zero crossing in the biphasic temporal impulse response. (3) ON cells had more nearly linear light responses and were capable of signaling decrements, whereas OFF cells had more strongly rectifying responses that provided little information about increments. These findings suggest specific mechanistic asymmetries in retinal ON and OFF circuits and differences in visual performance on the basis of the activity of ON and OFF parasol cells.
Low-loss quasi-optical open resonator filters

A novel and efficient coupling method has been devised for the design of a low-loss quasi-optical open resonator filter. The method uses a narrow slot opening in the coupling waveguide. An insertion loss of less than 1 dB was achieved for the passband. The resonant slot has been shown to be an efficient means for coupling power into and out of a Fabry-Perot resonator. The filters should have applications in many millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave systems. >
Defining Key Features of the Broad Autism Phenotype : A Comparison Across Parents of Multiple-and Single-Incidence Autism Families

This study examined the frequency of personality, language, and social-behavioral characteristics believed to comprise the broad autism phenotype (BAP), across families differing in genetic liability to autism. We hypothesized that within this unique sample comprised of multiple-incidence autism families (MIAF), single-incidence autism families (SIAF), and control Down syndrome families (DWNS), a graded expression would be observed for the principal characteristics conferring genetic susceptibility to autism, in which such features would express most profoundly among parents from MIAFs, less strongly among SIAFs, and least of all among comparison parents from DWNS families, who should display population base rates. Analyses detected linear expression of traits in line with hypotheses, and further suggested differential intrafamilial expression across family types. In the vast majority of MIAFs both parents displayed BAP characteristics, whereas within SIAFs, it was equally likely that one, both, or neither parent show BAP features. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to etiologic mechanisms in autism and relevance to molecular genetic studies.
Using triangle inequality to efficiently process continuous queries on high-dimensional streaming time series

In many applications, it is important to quickly find, from a database of patterns, the nearest neighbors of high-dimensional query points that come into the system in a streaming form. Treating each query point as a separate one is inefficient. Consecutive query points are often neighbors in the high-dimensional space, and intermediate results in the processing of one query should help the processing of the next. This paper extends the KD tree with triangle inequality to deal with high-dimensional streaming time series. More specifically, the distances calculated for earlier query points (to patterns) are used to filter out patterns that are not possible to be the nearest neighbor of the current one. Experiments show that this extension works well.
Control reconfiguration in the presence of software failures

In this paper, we discuss a special approach for software fault tolerance in control applications. A full-function, high-performance, but complex control system is complemented by an error-free implementation of a highly reliable control system of lower functionality. When the correctness of the high-performance controller is in doubt, the reliable control system takes over the execution of the task. An innovative feature of the approach is the disparity between the two control systems, which is used to exploit the relative advantages of the simple/reliable vs. complex/high-performance systems. Another innovative feature is the fault detection mechanism, which is based on measures of performance and of safety of the control system. The example of a ball and beam system is used to illustrate the concepts, and experimental results obtained on a laboratory set-up are presented. >
Long-Term Recovery in Alcoholics

A cross-sectional study of alcoholics who varied widely in duration of abstinence was combined with a four-year follow-up study of the same subjects. Together, the data demonstrated a course of recovery in abstinent alcoholics measured in three ways: severity of symptoms, probability of relapse, and work history. Additionally, the subjects showed high rates of smoking cessation. By every measure, the course of recovery seemed essentially the same in men and women. The recovery process was most rapid in the early years of abstinence but continued for 10 or more years. It was suggested that keys to full recovery in alcoholics are abstinence and time, which are necessary for recovery from a protracted withdrawal syndrome and brain dysfunction, for the repair of social relationships, for vocational rehabilitation, and for abstinence itself to become stable.
Salvage open radical prostatectomy after failed radiation therapy: a single center experience.

Introduction. Currently there is no universally accepted approach for the management of radiation-recurrent prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to detail our experience performing salvage radical prostatectomy for patients who failed primary treatment of prostate cancer with radiation therapy. Material and methods. We retrospectively queried our institutional database of radical prostatectomy cases for patients who underwent salvage surgery for radiationrecurrent prostate cancer. Patients were assessed for the risk of complications and oncologic outcomes following salvage surgery. results. Twenty-four patients with a mean age of 65 years (range 51-74) underwent salvage radical prostatectomy. Fourteen of these patients (58%) received androgen deprivation therapy prior to surgery. Intraoperatively, mean blood loss was estimated at 415 mL (range 100-1000) and 19 (79%) patients received autologous blood. No patient required an allogeneic transfusion or experienced a rectal injury. Postoperative bladder neck contracture and urinary incontinence developed in 17% and 39% of men, respectively. Two (29%) of seven patients remained potent after salvage surgery. No patient developed a fistula. Overall and recurrence-free survival at 5-years was 90% and 39%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, extracapsular extension was the only significant predictor of biochemical recurrence (HR 6.9, 95% CI 1.9-25.3 p = 0.003). Conclusion. In carefully selected patients, salvage radical prostatectomy for radiation-recurrent prostate cancer is a treatment option with acceptable oncologic outcomes and a moderate complication rate.
Toward a Model of Work Team Altruism

Despite the acknowledged existence of egoism and altruism in human behavior, existing work teams research has primarily used a descriptive approach to summarize team behavior that does not distinguish between egoism and altruism. And despite increasing interest in positive organizational behavior and psychology, much more attention has been paid to understanding team egoistic behavior than team altruistic behavior, thus leaving theories of team motivation incomplete. Extending research on team processes and individual-level citizenship behavior, we develop a multilevel, dynamic framework that comprehensively establishes the team altruism construct and identifies its key dimensions. We further discuss the unique motives and evolution of team altruism over time. As a result, our theoretical framework offers a new taxonomy of team altruism, distinguishes team altruism from other related constructs, advances research on team processes by delineating those that are more altruistic from those that are more egoi...
The Scientific Names Notropis stramineus (Cope) and N. ludibundus (Girard)

Abstract Two scientific names referring to the sand shiner have appeared in the literature during the past decade. A ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in 2002 (Opinion, 1991) conserved the more commonly used name, Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), and this name should be used rather than the name N. ludibundus (Girard, 1856).
Drug-Induced Death Signaling Strategy Rapidly Predicts Cancer Response to Chemotherapy

SUMMARY There is a lack of effective predictive biomarkers to precisely assign optimal therapy to cancer patients. While most efforts are directed at inferring drug response phenotype based on genotype, there is very focused and useful phenotypic information to be gained from directly perturbing the patient’s living cancer cellwith thedrug(s) in question. To satisfy this unmet need, we developed the Dynamic BH3 Profiling technique to measure early changes in net pro-apoptotic signaling at the mitochondrion (‘‘priming’’) induced by chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells, not requiring prolonged ex vivo culture. We find in cell line and clinical experiments that early druginduced death signaling measured by Dynamic BH3 Profiling predicts chemotherapy response across many cancer types and many agents, including combinations of chemotherapies. We propose that Dynamic BH3 Profiling can be used as a broadly applicable predictive biomarker to predict cytotoxic response of cancers to chemotherapeutics in vivo.
Carotid sinus massage in patients who fall: will it define the role of pacing?

In this era of diagnostic and therapeutic glitz, can a simple, safe, and universally applicable clinical maneuver—carotid sinus massage—favorably affect a clinical outcome in a large number of patients? Possibly. In this issue of the Journal , Kenny et al. [(1)][1]have evaluated patients
Computing resource transformation, consolidation and decomposition in hybrid clouds

With the promise of providing flexible and elastic computing resources on demand, the cloud computing has been attracting enterprises and individuals to migrate workloads in the legacy environment to the public/private/hybrid clouds. Also, cloud customers want to migrate between cloud providers with different requirements such as cost, performance, and manageability. However the workload migration is often interpreted as an image migration or re-installation/data copying as the exact snapshot of the source machine. Also the various cloud platforms and service models are rarely taken into consideration during the migration analytics. Therefore, although the expectation has risen with various requirements on the target cloud platforms and environments, the cloud migration techniques have not provided enough options that can satisfy the various requirements. In this paper we propose a model to tackle the migration challenges that transform one resource into same or another resource in hybrid clouds. We formulate the problem as a constraint satisfaction problem, and iteratively decompose the server components and consolidate the servers. The ultimate goal is to recommend the optimal target cloud platform and environment with the minimum cost. Through the evaluation of the proposed model using the real enterprise dataset (up to 2012 machines), we prove that the proposed model satisfies the goal. We show that when migrating into virtualized cloud environments, the thorough resource planning can reduce 16% of current resources, about 5%–10% servers can be consolidated, and more than 60% servers are possible candidates for server decomposition.
Die unspezifische Reaktion

Die intravenose Injektion von Bakterienaufschwemmungen, z. B. Typhusbacillen, Colibacillen oder Staphylokokken, ihre intramuskulare Injektion von groseren Dosen, die intravenose Injektion von bakteriellen oder anderen Proteinspaltprodukten, z. B. Proteosen (s. S. 60). von kolloidalen Metallen, von dest. Wasser oder hypertonischer Salzlosung, von verschiedenen Seren und Antitoxinen, die intramuskulare Injektion von Milch oder Casein, die subcutane Injektion von Nucleinsaure oder Natriumnucleat, die Produktion steriler Abscesse durch geringe Terpentininjektionen werden alle von einer Reaktion gefolgt, die sich von einer blosen Anregung der Leukocyten und leichten Fieberreaktion bis zu ausgesprochenen Shokbildern verbunden mit starken vasomotorischen Paralysen erstreckt. Die Reaktion wechselt mit der angewandten Substanz, der Art ihrer Verabreichung und Absorption und ihrer Dosierung, ebenso mit dem Typus der Infektion, um die es sich handelt, mit der Zahl fruherer Injektionen, mit dem Zustande des Patienten, mit der Dauer der Krankheit, mit der Temperatur des Patienten zur Zeit der Injektion und anderen individuellen Erscheinungen.
What Is the Frequency of Noise Generation in Modern Knee Arthroplasty and Is It Associated With Residual Symptoms

Background Prior investigations have recognized the presence of patient-perceived noise generation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, questions remain regarding its overall frequency after both TKA and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) as well as with respect to its association with demographic and prosthesis-related factors and its association with patient-reported outcomes.
Systemic vs. local cytokine and leukocyte responses to unilateral wrist flexion exercise

We hypothesized that brief exercise of a small muscle group would lead to local rather than systemic alterations in cytokines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and mediators of angiogenesis. Fif...
Independent Contributions of Mothers’ and Fathers’ Language and Literacy Practices: Associations With Children’s Kindergarten Skills Across Linguistically Diverse Households

ABSTRACTResearch Findings: Home language and literacy inputs have been consistently linked with enhanced language and literacy skills among children. Most studies have focused on maternal inputs among monolingual populations. Though the proportion of American children growing up in primarily non-English-speaking homes is growing and the role of fathers in early development is increasingly emphasized, less is known about these associations in primarily non-English-speaking households or how mothers and fathers independently contribute to children’s skills. Using a subsample of data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (N = 5,450), this study assessed the frequency of maternal and paternal inputs during early childhood and their prospective connections with children’s English language and literacy skills at age 5 across White, Mexican, and Chinese children from linguistically diverse households. Analyses revealed significant differences in inputs by ethnic/language group membership and s...
The pathogenesis and spectrum of acute coronary syndromes: From plaque formation to thrombosis

Acute coronary syndromes occur when an unstable atherosclerotic plaque erodes or ruptures, exposing the highly thrombogenic material inside the plaque to the circulating blood and triggering rapid formation of a thrombus that occludes the artery. This understanding is leading to a wide variety of new therapies. It is hoped that further research into the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes will lead to more accurate markers of risk and more specific preventions and treatments.
Postoperative Pain Management After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Value of Liposomal Bupivacaine.

Abstract Background Multimodal pain protocols have been proposed to achieve improved long-acting postoperative analgesia. Controlling postoperative pain after joint arthroplasty is especially important as it relates to patient satisfaction and outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative pain, time to ambulation, and overall narcotic usage between patients who received either a femoral nerve block with a periarticular bupivacaine injection or a periarticular bupivacaine and extended-release liposomal bupivacaine injection after primary total knee arthroplasty. Methods A total of 597 consecutive primary total knee arthroplasties performed between September 1, 2012 and August 31, 2014 received preoperative celecoxib, oxycodone, and transdermal scopolamine. Intraoperatively, patients either received a single-dose bupivacaine femoral nerve block along with 30-mL 0.25% bupivacaine periarticular injection (group A) or a 60-mL periarticular injection alone (20-mL liposomal bupivacaine, 30-mL 0.25% bupivacaine, and 10-mL saline; group B). The postoperative pain scores, narcotic usage, and time to ambulation were retrospectively collected from the electronic medical record. These outcomes were compared between treatment groups. Results There were 325 patients in group A compared with 272 in group B during the time frame. There was no difference among age, gender, race, and body mass index between the groups. Group B demonstrated a decreased need for breakthrough pain medication (16.9% vs 36.3% P P P P = .123). On controlling for demographic factors, patients in group B were able to ambulate 2.3 hours earlier than those in group A (coefficient = −2.3, P = .049). Conclusions Liposomal bupivacaine resulted in a decrease need for breakthrough pain medication, improved pain scores at 12 hours, and an earlier time to ambulation compared to a combined femoral nerve block and periarticular bupivacaine injection.
Becoming a Game Warden: Motivations for Choosing a Career in Wildlife Law Enforcement

Conservation law enforcement is a type of specialized policing that occurs mostly in rural areas. Game wardens have the primary responsibility of enforcing hunting and fishing laws. Little research exists on the motivations for entering this branch of specialized law enforcement. This study took a qualitative approach to data collection and examined the motivations of Montana state game wardens for choosing a career in wildlife law enforcement. Three main categories for becoming a warden were identified that included a desire to work in the outdoors, a desire to protect natural resources, and other.
Thromboxane A2 mimetic U-46619 induces systemic and pulmonary hypertension and delayed tachypnea in the goat

Cardiorespiratory variables were measured continuously in five conscious goats before and after the infusion of U-46619 at a dose of either 2, 4, or 6 micrograms.kg-1.5 min-1. Infusion of U-46619 led to immediate increases in pulmonary arterial blood pressure (ABP) that were sustained for up to 15 min after the end of the infusion. Systemic ABP also increased, but the relative increase from control was less than the pulmonary pressor response. At the highest dose, U-46619 elicited a delayed tachypneic response that was greatest several minutes after the infusion was stopped. U-46619 was also infused simultaneously with sodium nitroprusside to clamp ABP pressure at baseline levels to determine whether stimulation of baroreceptors might contribute to the latency of the tachypneic response. Although sodium nitroprusside infusion prevented the increase in ABP, the increase in breathing frequency was still delayed 3–4 min from the start of the infusion. We conclude that U-46619 elicits pulmonary and systemic arterial hypertension in the conscious goat. At the higher dose U-46619 also elicits a delayed tachypnea that remains delayed even if ABP is normal.
Event and Probability

For most people, intuitive notions concerning probabilities are connected with relative frequencies of occurrence. For example, when we say that in tossing a coin, the probability of its coming up “heads” is 1/2, we usually mean that in a large number of tosses, about 1/2 of the tosses will come up heads. Unfortunately, relative frequency of occurrence has proved to be an unsatisfactory starting point in defining probability. Although there have been attempts to make frequency of occurrence part of the axiomatic structure of probability theory, the currently accepted formulation is one based on measure theory due to Kolmogorov. In this formulation frequency of occurrence is an interpretation for probability rather than a definition. This interpretation is justified under suitable conditions by the law of large numbers.
Relationship between Advanced Glycation End Products and Steroidogenesis in PCOS

Women with PCOS have elevated levels of the harmful Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), which are highly reactive molecules formed after glycation of lipids and proteins. Additionally, AGEs accumulate in the ovaries of women with PCOS potentially contributing to the well-documented abnormal steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis. A systematic review of articles and abstracts available in PubMed was conducted and presented in a systemic manner. This article reports changes in steroidogenic enzyme activity in granulosa and theca cells in PCOS and PCOS-models. It also described the changes in AGEs and their receptors in the ovaries of women with PCOS and presents the underlying mechanism(s) whereby AGEs could be responsible for the PCOS-related changes in granulosa and theca cell function thus adversely impacting steroidogenesis and follicular development. AGEs are associated with hyperandrogenism in PCOS possibly by altering the activity of various enzymes such as cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme cytochrome P450, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, 17α-hydroxylase, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. AGEs also affect luteinizing hormone receptor and anti-Mullerian hormone receptor expression as well as their signaling pathways in granulosa cells. A better understanding of how AGEs alter granulosa and theca cell function is likely to contribute meaningfully to a conceptual framework whereby new interventions to prevent and/or treat ovarian dysfunction in PCOS can ultimately be developed.
Thermal Analysis of the FSP-1 Experiment in the Advanced Test Reactor

The U.S. High Performance Research Reactor Conversions fuel development team is focused on developing and qualifying the uranium-molybdenum (U-Mo) alloy monolithic fuel to support conversion of domestic research reactors to low enriched uranium. Several previous irradiations have demonstrated the favorable behavior of the monolithic fuel.The Full Scale Plate 1 (FSP-1) fuel plate experiment will be irradiated in the northeast (NE) flux trap of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). This fueled experiment contains six aluminum-clad fuel plates consisting of monolithic U-Mo fuel meat. Three different types of fuel plates with matching pairs for a total of six plates were analyzed. These three types of plates are: full burn, intermediate power, and thick meat. A thermal analysis has been performed on the FSP-1 experiment to be irradiated in the ATR at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). A thermal safety evaluation was performed to demonstrate that the FSP-1 irradiation experiment complies with the thermal-hydraulic safety requirements of the ATR Safety Analysis Report (SAR). The ATR SAR requires that minimum safety margins to critical heat flux and flow instability be met in the case of a loss of commercial power with primary coolant pump coast-down to emergency flow. The thermal safety evaluation was performed at 26 MW NE lobe power to encompass the expected range of operating power during a standard cycle. Additional safety evaluations of reactivity insertion events, loss of coolant event, and free convection cooling in the reactor and in the canal are used to determine the response of the experiment to these events and conditions. This paper reports and shows that each safety evaluation complies with each safety requirement of the ATR SAR.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Numerical Reconstruction of Potentials Based on a Sequence of Inverse Sturm–Liouville Problems

Numerical solutions to inverse Sturm–Liouville problems by three spectra, on a finite interval [0,a] are considered. Dirichlet boundary conditions are assumed to hold at the end-points of the interval [0,a], and either a Dirichlet or a Robin-type interior point condition is imposed at an arbitrary interior point a0 of [0,a]. We demonstrate that the numerical solution of the inverse three spectra problem corresponding to an interior point a0 depends continuously on a0. This statement is particularly useful when measurements of the input data cannot be obtained at the interior point a0, but they can be obtained at a nearby interior point. Consequently, we could solve approximately the original inverse problem by departing slightly from a0. We validate this statement through numerical experiments for sequences of interior points an converging to a0.
The Relationship Between Grammatical Development and Disfluencies in Preschool Children Who Stutter and Those Who Recover

Purpose The dual diathesis stressor model indicates that a mismatch between a child's endogenous linguistic abilities and exogenous linguistic contexts is one factor that contributes to stuttering ...
Affect, cognition, superstition: Novel approaches to examining cancer risk perceptions in cancer prevention and control

ED08-01 This talk draws from recent behavioral science and decision-making research to offer novel solutions to colorectal cancer screening non-adherence. I will first discuss research and theory asserting the importance of the perception of being at risk for colorectal cancer as an important prerequisite for screening adherence over and above the presence of epidemiological risk factors, such as family colorectal cancer history. Accordingly, many cancer prevention interventions aim to increase individuals’ subjective appreciation of their own cancer risks in order to motivate cancer screening. I will next review recent research arguing that affective (emotional, feeling-based) and intuitive cognitive (automatic, non-rational) processing is important as individuals’ think about their personal cancer risk. However, measurement strategies for cancer risk perceptions have not been revised to encompass this recent research. Assessment of affective and intuitive cognitive processing of risk may shed light on the manner in which cancer risk information is used - especially among those who are non-adherent to screening after physician recommendation. I will describe our qualitative and quantitative program of research aimed at validating a strategy to measure affective and intuitive cognitive processing of personal cancer risk (Cancer Risk Beliefs Scale) in diverse general population cohorts. I will present our findings regarding the reliability of the Cancer Risk Beliefs Scale, relationships with other key cognitive and behavioral variables, and preliminary findings relating the Cancer Risk Beliefs Scale to adherence with colorectal cancer screening. This program of research is aimed toward enhancing our understanding of diverse strategies for processing cancer risk and prevention messages, and providing the groundwork for new interventions to address screening non-adherence for this highly preventable and treatable cancer.
Lumbar disc replacement surgery-successes and obstacles to widespread adoption.

Purpose of review Lumbar disc replacement has been a surgical alternative to fusion surgery for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) for many years. Despite enthusiasm after the approval of the first devices, implantation rates have remained low, especially in the USA. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of lumbar disc replacement in order to comprehend the successes and obstacles to widespread adoption.
Conducting Intervention Research to Identify Efficacious and Effective Practices in School-Based Counseling

Each year, nations enact public policies with significant influences on the work of school counselors. Whether such impacts are manifested within the broader context of the educational paradigm (e.g., a greater schoolwide focus on students’ social-emotional needs) or more specific to the field (e.g., calls for increases for the hiring of more school counselors), these decisions tend to be influenced by a blend of local, regional, and national needs, public rhetoric, and budgetary constraints. There is a question, then, as to whether school-based counseling research informs policy or whether policy informs school-based counseling research. Too often, it is a “top-down” approach which guides public policy and its influence on school counselors’ work in educational settings, rather than the influence of rigorous research and robust findings originating within the school counselor community itself. Therefore, in this chapter we provide a primer on conducting intervention research to identify the impact of school-based counseling endeavors. We address (a) the historical foundations of policy in school-based research in the United States, (b) the basics tenets and processes of experimental and quasi-experimental methodological approaches, (c) examples of international research representing these research designs, (d) general considerations when conducting intervention research in school settings, and (e) concluding thoughts regarding the future relationship between school counseling research and public policy.
The effects of adjusting task difficulty on learning motor and cognitive aspects of a multitasking task

Therapists have begun using musical techniques to teach motor skills in therapy sessions. To simulate these efforts, we have developed an app game that uses musical therapy techniques to teach simple tapping sequences to participants. Seven unique tapping sequences with varying levels of difficulty were taught to 208 participants. Two performance metrics were measured: (1) how quickly participants learned the correct number of taps in the sequence and (2) how quickly participants learned the correct frequency to tap the sequence. The first performance metric is a counting task, which is a cognitive function. The second performance metric is the speed at which the participant must move, which is a motor function. The results of our experiment show that when the difficulty of the tapping sequence was adjusted, participants learned the cognitive portion of the task more quickly when the task was simpler and the motor portion of the task more quickly when the task was more difficult. These trends were statistically significant with p-values < 0.05. Our experiment suggests that in context of teaching a simple tapping sequence, participants are multitasking cognitive and motor aspects of the task, as they multitask motor and cognitive skills while learning rehabilitation exercises in therapeutic settings. If these benefits could be transferred to a stroke survivor population in a therapeutic setting, an expedited recovery could be realized by stroke survivors, allowing them to regain motor functions, and therefore daily living activities, more quickly.
Impacts of Adolescent and Young Adult Civic Engagement on Health and Socioeconomic Status in Adulthood.

The present study examines links between civic engagement (voting, volunteering, and activism) during late adolescence and early adulthood, and socioeconomic status and mental and physical health in adulthood. Using nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a propensity score matching approach is used to rigorously estimate how civic engagement is associated with outcomes among 9,471 adolescents and young adults (baseline Mage = 15.9). All forms of civic engagement are positively associated with subsequent income and education level. Volunteering and voting are favorably associated with subsequent mental health and health behaviors, and activism is associated with more health-risk behaviors and not associated with mental health. Civic engagement is not associated with physical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Clinical, radiological, and pathological features of extraskeletal osteosarcoma.

To evaluate clinical and radiological features of pathology-proven extraskeletal osteosarcomas. This retrospective study was IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant. Our pathology database was queried for cases of extraskeletal osteosarcoma. Tumor location, size, imaging appearance, presence of metastases, and clinical outcome were documented. Nineteen patients met inclusion criteria (age 59 ± 15 (range 28–85) years; 15 male, 4 female). Tumors occurred in the lower extremities (12 out of 19, 63%), pelvis/gluteal region (3 out of 19, 16%), upper extremity (2 out of 19, 5%), thorax (1 out of 19, 5%), and neck (1 out of 19, 5%). Two out of 19 (11%) patients had undergone radiation to the tumor site previously. According to pathology, 16 out of 19 tumors were high-grade (84%). Tumors presented as soft-tissue masses measuring 9.5 ± 6.8 (2–29) cm. Tumor mineralization was present in 5 out of 19 cases (26%) and local invasion was found in 1 out of 19 cases (6%). On MRI, tumors typically appeared hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences with enhancement in 15 out of 15 (100%) contrast-enhanced studies, and with central necrosis in 10 out of 19 (53%) cases. Low-grade tumors were smaller (<4 cm; 3 out of 3, 100%) and lacked central necrosis (3 out of 3, 100%). 8 out of 19 patients (42%) had metastases, most commonly to the lung (7 out of 19, 37%) and bone (2 out of 19,11%). Two out of 8 patients (25%) with metastases and 8 out of 11 (73%) without metastases achieved recurrence-free survival (mean follow-up 3.8 ± 4.0 [0.2–14.2]) years. No metastases or deaths occurred in patients with low-grade histology. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare, typically high-grade malignancies that commonly metastasize to lung and bones. Low-grade tumors and those without metastases have a good prognosis. MRI appearance is nonspecific, with T2 hyperintense signal and heterogeneous enhancement. Unlike conventional osteosarcoma, mineralization is rare.
Neutrophil subsets and their gene signature associate with vascular inflammation and coronary atherosclerosis in lupus

BACKGROUND. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with enhanced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease not explained by Framingham risk score (FRS). Immune dysregulation associated to a distinct subset of lupus proinflammatory neutrophils (low density granulocytes; LDGs) may play key roles in conferring enhanced CV risk. This study assessed if lupus LDGs are associated with in vivo vascular dysfunction and inflammation and coronary plaque. METHODS. SLE subjects and healthy controls underwent multimodal phenotyping of vascular disease by quantifying vascular inflammation (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose–PET/CT [18F-FDG–PET/CT]), arterial dysfunction (EndoPAT and cardio-ankle vascular index), and coronary plaque burden (coronary CT angiography). LDGs were quantified by flow cytometry. Cholesterol efflux capacity was measured in high-density lipoprotein–exposed (HDL-exposed) radioactively labeled cell lines. Whole blood RNA sequencing was performed to assess associations between transcriptomic profiles and vascular phenotype. RESULTS. Vascular inflammation, arterial stiffness, and noncalcified plaque burden (NCB) were increased in SLE compared with controls even after adjustment for traditional risk factors. In SLE, NCB directly associated with LDGs and associated negatively with cholesterol efflux capacity in fully adjusted models. A neutrophil gene signature reflective of the most upregulated genes in lupus LDGs associated with vascular inflammation and NCB. CONCLUSION. Individuals with SLE demonstrate vascular inflammation, arterial dysfunction, and NCB, which may explain the higher reported risk for acute coronary syndromes. The association of LDGs and neutrophil genes with vascular disease supports the hypothesis that distinct neutrophil subsets contribute to vascular damage and unstable coronary plaque in SLE. Results also support previous observations that neutrophils may disrupt HDL function and thereby promote atherogenesis. TRIAL REGISTRATION. Clinicaltrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00001372","term_id":"NCT00001372"}}NCT00001372 FUNDING. Intramural Research Program NIAMS/NIH (ZIA {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AR041199","term_id":"5961695","term_text":"AR041199"}}AR041199) and Lupus Research Institute
Thermodynamics of aqueous piperazine/potassium carbonate/carbon dioxide chare cterized by the electrolyte non-random two-liquid model in aspen plus

Publisher Summary In recent years, CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants continue to contribute to the steady rise in global warming greenhouse gases. CO2 removal by aqueous absorption/stripping using monoethanolamine (MEA) and other blended amine solvents has been established as a mature CO2 capture technology. The development of new solvents involving potassium carbonate and piperazine has shown potential as a new CO2 capture process. The Electrolyte Nonrandom Two-Liquid (NRTL) Activity Coefficient model in Aspen Plus™ vll.l is used to develop a rigorous thermodynamic representation of an aqueous piperazine (PZ) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) mixed-solvent electrolyte system for the application of carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption/stripping from the power plant flue gas. The model predicts the speciation and carbon dioxide solubility as a function of solvent composition, temperature, and pressure. These results provide the capacity of the solvent, the heat of absorption, and the concentration of reactive species. e.g. piperazine and piperazine carbamate (PZCOO). Binary adjustable parameters for the potassium carbonate/piperazine mixed-solvent electrolyte system are obtained through the regression of water vapor pressure and calorimetry over potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) solutions, CO2 solubility in potassium carbonate/piperazine, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of K2CO3/PZ speciation.
The critically ill neonate in the emergency department

Recognition of the high-risk mother and fetus is an essential component of resuscitation if it is to be organized, accurate, and successful. Although many high-risk factors put the neonate in jeopardy, the first responder or ED physician can plan the initial approach to resuscitation by knowing the answer to three questions: (1) Is there particulate meconium in the amniotic fluid? (2) Is the fetus/baby premature? and (3) Is a multiple gestation pregnancy expected? Although the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation, chemical) of resuscitation adequately describe the parameters essential for adequate resuscitation, they do not relate to the actions necessary to accomplish this feat; therefore, it is important for participants in neonatal resuscitation to remember the acronym SOS--suction, oxygen, stimulation. Even infants with moderate depression (occasional respiratory effort) will generally respond to brief suctioning of the airway, 100% oxygen, and vigorous stimulation. If SOS is ineffective, PPV must be administered without hesitation. Resuscitation of the newborn is not a simple procedure, but rather a dynamic process involving continuous evaluation, action, and reassessment before, during, and after the actual resuscitation. A specially trained resuscitation team of physician, nurse, and respiratory therapist interacting in a dynamic evaluation approach is ideal but not practical for most community hospitals. Each hospital must develop its own protocol and train and maintain its resuscitation personnel. If each member of the team is prepared to take over in the absence of the others, neonatal resuscitation will remain fast, organized, and accurate.
Diffusion Mediated Transport and the Brownian Motor

We describe a dissipation principle/variational principle which may be useful in modeling motion in small viscous systems and provide brief illustrations to Brownian motor or molecular ratchet situations which are found in intracellular transport.
Some Applications of Gelfand Pairs in Classical Akalysis

Let G be a unimodular Lie group and K a compact subgroup. As well known, (G,K) is called a Gelfand pair if the convolution algebra of left-and-right K-invariant functions on G is commutative; this is equivalent to saying that every irreducible representation of K occurs at most once in the regular representation of G on L 2 (G/K).
The phenomenon of conglomerate crystallization. XVIII. Clavic dissymmetry in coordination compounds. XVI

The x-ray crystal structure of {[Co(NH3)4(CO3)]NO3}2 · H2O has been determined as part of a study of the intra- and interionic interactions present in crystals of several transition-metal-amine complexes chosen to examine the occurrence and causes of conglomerate crystallization. {[Co(NH3)4(CO3)]NO3}2 · H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with cell constantsa=7.4960(9)A,b=22.673(6),c=10.513(1), andβ=91.41(1)°;V=1786.12 A3, andd(calc;Z=4)=1.915 g cm−3. In all, 5333 data were collected over the range of 4°≤ 2θ≤ 60°; of these, 3395 [independent and with /≥3σ(1)] were used in the structural analysis. Data were corrected for absorption (μ=19.361 cm−1) and the relative transmission coefficients ranged from 0.9987 to 0.8013. The data were of a quality such that both ammonia and water hydrogens were found in difference Fourier maps. The finalR(F) andR w(F) residuals were, respectively, 0.0333 and 0.0332. A trans effect is observed for both cations of {[Co(NH3 (CO3)]NO3}2 · H2O. The equatorial nitrogens, trans to the carbonato oxygens, have shorter Co-N distances than the axial nitrogens, trans to one another. The carbonato ligands are not symmetrically bonded to their respective metal centers. The Co-O distances for cation 1 are 1.913(1) and 1.903(1) A and those for cation 2 are 1.916(1) and 1.896(1) A. The structure reveals the existence of an intricate array of hydrogen bonds, involving both the chelating and nonchelating oxygens of the carbonato ligands as hydrogen bond acceptors of the amine hydrogens. The amine hydrogens are also involved in significant hydrogen-bonding interactions with the nitrate oxygens and water of crystallization, although they are generally weaker than those of the carbonato oxygens.
Total knee arthroplasty after Hauser procedure: beware of the patellar tendon!

Abstract Preoperative planning is a fundamental element in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A previous surgery that must be recognized and identified preoperatively is the Hauser procedure, a posteromedialization of the tibial tubercle for recurrent patellar instability. Here, we describe 2 case reports in patients with previous Hauser surgeries. The first TKA surgery was complicated from a standard medial peripatellar approach resulting in complete transection of the patellar tendon during standard arthrotomy. The tendon was repaired, and the arthroplasty was aborted. For the second case, correct preoperative identification of the Hauser procedure was performed. The second TKA surgery was performed using a lateral peripatellar arthrotomy with excellent exposure, resulting in a successful operation. Here, we highlight the importance of an accurate history, physical and radiographic examination, and the recommendation of an alternative TKA approach to help avoid the serious intraoperative complication of a patellar tendon laceration.
Estimation of Compound K-distribution Modeling Parameters of Sea Clutter with Unknown Thermal Noise Power

This paper explores a new and efficient method for estimating the parameters of the compound K-distribution model of sea clutter when the thermal noise power is also unknown. Current methods for the model parameter estimation include the intensity moments approach that assumes knowledge of the thermal noise power and a three-dimensional (3-D) curve fitting approach that is very computationally intensive. The proposed method integrates the intensity moments with a nonlinear one-dimensional (1-D) curve-fitting procedure to also allow for an efficient estimate of the thermal noise power. It is also extended to incorporate fractional moments used under the condition of known clutter-to-noise ratios. The performance of the new approach is demonstrated using both simulated and real sea clutter observations.
Cardiac Abnormalities in Children with Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease.

BACKGROUND No previous study has defined the prevalence of cardiac geometric and mechanical function abnormalities through the analysis of advanced echocardiographic parameters in children with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate cardiac geometry and function through advanced echocardiography in a well-characterized sample of pediatric patients with ARPKD. METHODS Standard echocardiograms were obtained in 27 children with ARPKD (0-18 years) and in 88 healthy children of similar age, gender distribution, and body build. Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was defined as LV mass > 45g/(m2.16 + 0.09) and cardiac remodeling was defined by age-adjusted relative wall thickness (RWT). Systolic function was assessed by ejection fraction, midwall fractional shortening (mFS), and global longitudinal (GLS) and circumferential strain (GCS). RESULTS Patients with ARPKD exhibited a higher LV mass index as compared to controls, and a more concentric LV geometry (both p < 0.001). Accordingly, the prevalence of abnormal LV geometry was significantly higher in ARPKD (33 vs. 0%; p < 0.005). No differences could be observed in the two groups for ejection fraction or GLS (both p = n.s.), while a significantly lower mFS (p < 0.05) as well as GCS (p < 0.001) could be observed. In the analysis of covariance, both LV mass index and RWT remained significantly higher in the ARPKD group, while mFS and GCS remained significantly lower (all p < 0.05). The prevalence of subclinical systolic dysfunction was significantly higher in patients with ARPKD as compared with control subjects (33 vs. 0%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Children with ARPKD show significantly impaired cardiac phenotype, characterized by high rates of LV abnormal geometry paired with systolic mechanical dysfunction.