cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asymmetries in New Keynesian Phillips Curves: Evidence from US Cities

Studies of the relationship between national in ation rates and the output gap, as formalized in the New Keynesian Phillips Curve, ignore macroeconomic heterogeneity which exist in dierent parts of the country. This paper investigates dierences in in ation and output across United States cities. The policy implications are dicult to ignore given dierences in production across the country as a whole. Also of interest is identifying the median city-economy in the US. Thus when policy is implemented which city sees the greatest benet of new policy? In addition to considering the standard Phillips relation between inflation and the output gap, I also consider the relationship between inflation and an index of wage costs as suggested in the literature. Preliminary results demonstrate a signicant degree of heterogeneity across cities implying centralized policy prescriptions are helpful for some economies are harmful to others.
Recent Trends in Insured and Uninsured Unemployment: Is There an Explanation?

This paper explores the recent decline in the fraction of unemployed workers who receive unemployment insurance benefits. Using March Current Population Surveys, we compare the fraction who are potentially eligible for benefits with the fraction who receive them. The decline in insured unemployment is almost entirely due to a decline in the early 1980s in the takeup rate for benefits. We analyze the determinants of the takeup rate, using both aggregated state-level data and micro-data. At least half the decline is due to an increasing share of unemployment in states with lower takeup rates.
Adverse selection in online "trust" certifications

Widely-used online "trust" authorities issue certifications without substantial verification of recipients' actual trustworthiness. This lax approach gives rise to adverse selection: The sites that seek and obtain trust certifications are actually less trustworthy than others. Using a new dataset on web site safety, I demonstrate that sites certified by the best-known authority, TRUSTe, are more than twice as likely to be untrustworthy as uncertified sites. This difference remains statistically and economically significant when restricted to "complex" commercial sites. In contrast, competing certification system BBBOnline imposes somewhat stricter requirements and appears to provide a certification of positive, albeit limited, value.
What you learn is what you see: using eye movements to study infant cross-situational word learning

Recent studies show that both adults and young children possess powerful statistical learning capabilities to solve the word-to-world mapping problem. However, the underlying mechanisms that make statistical learning possible and powerful are not yet known. With the goal of providing new insights into this issue, the research reported in this paper used an eye tracker to record the moment-by-moment eye movement data of 14-month-old babies in statistical learning tasks. Various measures are applied to such fine-grained temporal data, such as looking duration and shift rate (the number of shifts in gaze from one visual object to the other) trial by trial, showing different eye movement patterns between strong and weak statistical learners. Moreover, an information-theoretic measure is developed and applied to gaze data to quantify the degree of learning uncertainty trial by trial. Next, a simple associative statistical learning model is applied to eye movement data and these simulation results are compared with empirical results from young children, showing strong correlations between these two. This suggests that an associative learning mechanism with selective attention can provide a cognitively plausible model of cross-situational statistical learning. The work represents the first steps in using eye movement data to infer underlying real-time processes in statistical word learning.
From Elections to Accountability in Africa

Competitive elections are becoming institutionalized in Africa. But elections have proven an uncertain mechanism for guaranteeing the accountability of political leaders. One reason is that political accountability has numerous attitudinal, behavioral and institutional requirements, of which popular participation in open elections is only one. Instead, we propose a framework of four elements that together comprise a holistic system of political accountability: (a) demand for vertical accountability; (b) supply of vertical accountability; (c) demand for horizontal accountability; and (d) supply of horizontal accountability. The article measures each of these elements using data from Afrobarometer Round 5 (2011–13). On one hand, we find that the weakest link in the chain of accountability remains the vertical one between largely passive electors and evasive legislative agents. On the other hand, we find that the African citizens surveyed think that elections strengthen the institutional autonomy of parliament, thus enabling a greater measure of horizontal accountability. But this pattern of accountability begs several lingering concerns. We wonder whether citizens have sufficient information to accurately monitor the relationship between president and parliament under a democratic constitution, and we find that the quality of elections, along with the partisan predispositions of electoral winners, condition the effect of elections on popular perceptions of accountability.
Relative entropies for convex bodies

We introduce a new class of (not necessarily convex) bodies and show, among other things, that these bodies provide yet another link between convex geometric analysis and information theory. Namely, they give geometric interpretations of the relative entropy of the cone measures of a convex body and its polar and related quantities. Such interpretations were first given by Paouris and Werner for symmetric convex bodies in the context of the Lp-centroid bodies. There, the relative entropies appear after performing second order expansions of certain expressions. Now, no symmetry assumptions are needed. Moreover, using the new bodies, already first order expansions make the relative entropies appear. Thus, these bodies detect “faster” details of the boundary of a convex body than the Lp-centroid bodies.
Selection of Variables for Structural Redesign by Large Admissible Perturbations

Redesign or inverse design is the process of generating a new optimal design which satisfies performance specifications starting from a baseline design with undesirable performance. The LargE Admissible Perturbation (LEAP) methodology makes it possible to redesign a structure for large changes in performance objectives and redesign variables without trial and error or repetitive finite element analyses. The next level of challenge in redesign automation is to identify a priori the structural elements and their properties that have the biggest impact and use only those in redesign. Based on LEAP, guidelines are developed in this paper for identifying effective selection of redesign variables for improved accuracy and reduced CPU time. These guidelines enable the designer to define the elements to be redesigned, to partition those elements among redesign groups, and to specify redesign variables in each group. In the numerical applications, an offshore tower is used to verify the developed guidelines. Three models of this tower with 160, 320, and 480 elements are used.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticles: The Influence of Size, Shape, and Dielectric Environment

The optical properties of metal nanoparticles have long been of interest in physical chemistry, starting with Faraday's investigations of colloidal gold in the middle 1800s. More recently, new lithographic techniques as well as improvements to classical wet chemistry methods have made it possible to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles with a wide range of sizes, shapes, and dielectric environments. In this feature article, we describe recent progress in the theory of nanoparticle optical properties, particularly methods for solving Maxwell's equations for light scattering from particles of arbitrary shape in a complex environment. Included is a description of the qualitative features of dipole and quadrupole plasmon resonances for spherical particles; a discussion of analytical and numerical methods for calculating extinction and scattering cross-sections, local fields, and other optical properties for nonspherical particles; and a survey of applications to problems of recent interest involving triangula...
Illusory Horizons, Thermodynamics, and Holography Inside Black Holes

There is persistent and endemic confusion between the true (future) horizon and the illusory (past) horizon of a black hole. The illusory horizon is the redshifting surface of matter that fell into the black hole long ago. A person who free-falls through the horizon of a black hole falls through the true horizon, not the illusory horizon. The infaller continues to see the illusory horizon ahead of them, all the way down to the classical singularity. The illusory horizon is the source of Hawking radiation, for both outsiders and infallers.The entropy of a black hole is \(1/4\) of the area of the illusory horizon, for both outsiders and infallers. The illusory horizon holographically encodes states hidden behind it, for both outsiders and infallers. The endpoint of an infaller approaching the classical singularity is to merge their states with the illusory horizon. The holographic boundary of the black hole is then the union of the illusory horizon and the classical spacelike singularity. When an infaller reaches the classical singularity, any entanglement of the infaller with outsiders or other infallers is transferred to entanglement with the states of the black hole, encoded on the illusory horizon. Locality holds between an infaller and a spacelike-separated outsider or other infaller as long as their future lightcones intersect before the singularity, but breaks down when the future lightcones no longer intersect.
Optimized monotonic convex pair potentials stabilize low-coordinated crystals

We have previously used inverse statistical-mechanical methods to optimize isotropic pair interactions with multiple extrema to yield low-coordinated crystal classical ground states (e.g., honeycomb and diamond structures) in d-dimensional Euclidean space d. Here we demonstrate the counterintuitive result that no extrema are required to produce such low-coordinated classical ground states. Specifically, we show that monotonic convex pair potentials can be optimized to yield classical ground states that are the square and honeycomb crystals in 2 over a non-zero number density range. Such interactions may be feasible to achieve experimentally using colloids and polymers.
Branched Polymers and Hyperplane Arrangements

We generalize the construction of connected branched polymers and the notion of the volume of the space of connected branched polymers studied by Brydges and Imbrie (Ann Math, 158:1019–1039, 2003), and Kenyon and Winkler (Am Math Mon, 116(7):612–628, 2009) to any central hyperplane arrangement $$\mathcal{A }$$ . The volume of the resulting configuration space of connected branched polymers associated to the hyperplane arrangement $$\mathcal{A }$$ is expressed through the value of the characteristic polynomial of $$\mathcal{A }$$ at 0. We give a more general definition of the space of branched polymers, where we do not require connectivity, and introduce the notion of q-volume for it, which is expressed through the value of the characteristic polynomial of $$\mathcal{A }$$ at $$-q$$ . Finally, we relate the volume of the space of branched polymers to broken circuits and show that the cohomology ring of the space of branched polymers is isomorphic to the Orlik–Solomon algebra.
The Cross-Section of Volatility and Expected Returns

We examine the pricing of aggregate volatility risk in the cross-section of stock returns. Consistent with theory, we find that stocks with high sensitivities to innovations in aggregate volatility have low average returns. Stocks with high idiosyncratic volatility relative to the Fama and French (1993, Journal of Financial Economics 25, 2349) model have abysmally low average returns. This phenomenon cannot be explained by exposure to aggregate volatility risk. Size, book-to-market, momentum, and liquidity effects cannot account for either the low average returns earned by stocks with high exposure to systematic volatility risk or for the low average returns of stocks with high idiosyncratic volatility. IT IS WELL KNOWN THAT THE VOLATILITY OF STOCK RETURNS varies over time. While considerable research has examined the time-series relation between the volatility of the market and the expected return on the market (see, among others, Campbell and Hentschel (1992) and Glosten, Jagannathan, and Runkle (1993)), the question of how aggregate volatility affects the cross-section of expected stock returns has received less attention. Time-varying market volatility induces changes in the investment opportunity set by changing the expectation of future market returns, or by changing the risk-return trade-off. If the volatility of the market return is a systematic risk factor, the arbitrage pricing theory or a factor model predicts that aggregate volatility should also be priced in the cross-section of stocks. Hence, stocks with different sensitivities to innovations in aggregate volatility should have different expected returns. The first goal of this paper is to provide a systematic investigation of how the stochastic volatility of the market is priced in the cross-section of expected stock returns. We want to both determine whether the volatility of the market
Self-assembly of chiral tubules

The efficient and controlled assembly of complex structures from macromolecular building blocks is a critical open question in both biological systems and nanoscience. Using molecular dynamics simulations we study the self-assembly of tubular structures from model macromolecular monomers with multiple binding sites on their surfaces [Cheng et al., Soft Matter, 2012, 8, 5666–5678]. In this work we add chirality to the model monomer and a lock-and-key interaction. The self-assembly of free monomers into tubules yields a pitch value that often does not match the chirality of the monomer (including achiral monomers). We show that this mismatch occurs because of a twist deformation that brings the lateral interaction sites into alignment when the tubule pitch differs from the monomer chirality. The energy cost for this deformation is small as the energy distributions substantially overlap for small differences in the pitch and chirality. In order to control the tubule pitch by preventing the twist deformation, the interaction between the vertical surfaces must be increased without resulting in kinetically trapped structures. For this purpose, we employ lock-and-key interactions and obtain good control of the self-assembled tubule pitch. These results explain some fundamental features of microtubules. The vertical interaction strength is larger than the lateral in microtubules because this yields a controlled assembly of tubules with the proper pitch. We also generally find that the control of the assembly into tubules is difficult, which explains the wide range of pitch values and protofilament numbers observed in microtubule assembly.
Challenges of Big Data analysis

Big Data bring new opportunities to modern society and challenges to data scientists. On the one hand, Big Data hold great promises for discovering subtle population patterns and heterogeneities that are not possible with small-scale data. On the other hand, the massive sample size and high dimensionality of Big Data introduce unique computational and statistical challenges, including scalability and storage bottleneck, noise accumulation, spurious correlation, incidental endogeneity and measurement errors. These challenges are distinguished and require new computational and statistical paradigm. This paper gives overviews on the salient features of Big Data and how these features impact on paradigm change on statistical and computational methods as well as computing architectures. We also provide various new perspectives on the Big Data analysis and computation. In particular, we emphasize on the viability of the sparsest solution in high-confidence set and point out that exogenous assumptions in most statistical methods for Big Data cannot be validated due to incidental endogeneity. They can lead to wrong statistical inferences and consequently wrong scientific conclusions.
Some surface subgroups survive surgery

It is shown that with nitely many exceptions, the fundamental group obtained by Dehn surgery on a one cusped hyperbolic 3{manifold contains the fundamental group of a closed surface.
Model based approach for autonomic availability management

As increasingly complex computer systems have started playing a controlling role in all aspects of modern life, system availability and associated downtime of technical systems have acquired critical importance. Losses due to system downtime have risen manifold and become wide-ranging. Even though the component level availability of hardware and software has increased considerably, system wide availability still needs improvement as the heterogeneity of components and the complexity of interconnections has gone up considerably too. As systems become more interconnected and diverse, architects are less able to anticipate and design for every interaction among components, leaving such issues to be dealt with at runtime. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an approach for autonomic management of system availability, which provides real-time evaluation, monitoring and management of the availability of systems in critical applications. A hybrid approach is used where analytic models provide the behavioral abstraction of components/subsystems, their interconnections and dependencies and statistical inference is applied on the data from real time monitoring of those components and subsystems, to parameterize the system availability model. The model is solved online (that is, in real time) so that at any instant of time, both the point as well as the interval estimates of the overall system availability are obtained by propagating the point and the interval estimates of each of the input parameters, through the system model. The online monitoring and estimation of system availability can then lead to adaptive online control of system availability.
Consensus on transaction commit

The distributed transaction commit problem requires reaching agreement on whether a transaction is committed or aborted. The classic Two-Phase Commit protocol blocks if the coordinator fails. Fault-tolerant consensus algorithms also reach agreement, but do not block whenever any majority of the processes are working. The Paxos Commit algorithm runs a Paxos consensus algorithm on the commit/abort decision of each participant to obtain a transaction commit protocol that uses 2F p 1 coordinators and makes progress if at least F p 1 of them are working properly. Paxos Commit has the same stable-storage write delay, and can be implemented to have the same message delay in the fault-free case as Two-Phase Commit, but it uses more messages. The classic Two-Phase Commit algorithm is obtained as the special F = 0 case of the Paxos Commit algorithm.
Modeling and Analysis of the Dynamics of a Variable-Displacement Vane-Pump With a Pivoting Cam

Calcul de la dynamique d'une pompe a palettes a debit variable, le debit etant regle par une came pivotante
Hypergraphs with Zero Chromatic Threshold

Let F be an r-uniform hypergraph. The chromatic threshold of the family of F-free, r-uniform hypergraphs is the infimum of all non-negative reals c such that the subfamily of F-free, r-uniform hypergraphs H with minimum degree at least $$c \left( {\begin{array}{c}|V(H)|\\ r-1\end{array}}\right) $$c|V(H)|r-1 has bounded chromatic number. The study of chromatic thresholds of various graphs has a long history, beginning with the early work of Erd?s and Simonovits. One interesting problem, first proposed by ?uczak and Thomass? and then solved by Allen, B?ttcher, Griffiths, Kohayakawa and Morris, is the characterization of graphs having zero chromatic threshold, in particular the fact that there are graphs with non-zero Turan density that have zero chromatic threshold. Here, we make progress on this problem for r-uniform hypergraphs, showing that a large class of hypergraphs have zero chromatic threshold in addition to exhibiting a family of constructions showing another large class of hypergraphs have non-zero chromatic threshold. Our construction is based on a particular product of the Bollobas---Erd?s graphs defined earlier by the authors.
Recent advances in power electronics

Recent advances in several key areas of power electronics technology, such as power semiconductor devices, power converter circuits, and control of power electronics, are discussed. The structure and characteristics of IGBT, SIT, SITH, and MCT devices are reviewed. The principal converter types and their recent trends are described. A brief review of power integrated circuits is included. The features of microcomputer and VLSI control are described, and recent advances in microcomputers are highlighted. The principles of expert systems, fuzzy control, and neural networks are presented. >
Contrasting metabolism in perenniating structures of upland and lowland switchgrass plants late in the growing season.

Background Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is being developed as a bioenergy crop for many temperate regions of the world. One way to increase biomass yields is to move southern adapted lowland cultivars to more northern latitudes. However, many southerly adapted switchgrass germplasm can suffer significant winter kill in northerly climes.
Spin dynamics in a compound semiconductor spintronic structure with a Schottky barrier

We demonstrate theoretically that spin dynamics of electrons injected into a GaAs semiconductor structure through a Schottky barrier possesses strong nonequilibrium features. The electrons injected are redistributed quickly among several valleys. Spin relaxation driven by the spin–orbital coupling in the semiconductor is very rapid. At T = 4. 2K ,i njected spin polarization decays at ad istance of the order of 50–100 nm from the interface. This spin penetration depth reduces approximately by half at room temperature. The spin scattering length is different for different valleys.
A coalescent model for the effect of advantageous mutations on the genealogy of a population

When an advantageous mutation occurs in a population, the favorable allele may spread to the entire population in a short time, an event known as a selective sweep. As a result, when we sample n individuals from a population and trace their ancestral lines backwards in time, many lineages may coalesce almost instantaneously at the time of a selective sweep. We show that as the population size goes to infinity, this process converges to a coalescent process called a coalescent with multiple collisions. A better approximation for finite populations can be obtained using a coalescent with simultaneous multiple collisions. We also show how these coalescent approximations can be used to get insight into how beneficial mutations affect the behavior of statistics that have been used to detect departures from the usual Kingman's coalescent.
A “Random Chemistry” algorithm for identifying collections of multiple contingencies that initiate cascading failure

Summary form only given. This paper describes a stochastic “Random Chemistry” (RC) algorithm to identify multiple (n-k) contingencies that initiate large cascading failures in a simulated power system. The method requires only O(log(n)) simulations per contingency identified, which is orders of magnitude faster than random search of this combinatorial space. We applied the method to a model of cascading failure in a power network with n=2896 branches and identify 148,243 unique, minimal n-k branch contingencies (2<;=k<;=5) that cause large cascades, many of which would be missed by using pre-contingency flows, linearized line outage distribution factors, or performance indices as screening factors. Within each n-k collection, the frequency with which individual branches appear follows a power-law (or nearly so) distribution, indicating that a relatively small number of components contribute disproportionately to system vulnerability. The paper discusses various ways that RC generated collections of dangerous contingencies could be used in power systems planning and operations.
Does Warfare Matter? Severity, Duration, and Outcomes of Civil Wars

Does it matter whether a civil war is fought as a conventional, irregular, or symmetric nonconventional conflict? Put differently, do “technologies of rebellion” impact a war’s severity, duration, ...
Coherent signal-subspace processing in a sector

The determination of the number of wideband signals impinging on a passive sensor array in the form of multiple groups (clusters), and the estimation of their directions of arrival is addressed. The idea of preprocessing by a set of orthogonal beamformers for dimensionality reduction is used to simplify wideband processing. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated with the use of discrete prolate spheroidal sequences (DPSSs) as the beamformers for linear uniform arrays. A weighting gain as an indicator of the improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio due to such preprocessing is introduced. Two versions of an algorithm that combines preprocessing/prefiltering and the coherent signal subspace method in the frequency domain are developed, and comparative performance evaluations are carried out. The relative effects of beamspace prefiltering on optimum and suboptimum estimators are explored. >
Reactions of enamines with selectfluor: a straightforward route to difluorinated carbonyl compounds.

Reactions of enamines, preformed from β-dicarbonyl and monocarbonyl compounds, with Selectfluor (1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) under mild condition...
The effect of spatial coupling on compressive sensing

Recently, it was observed that spatially-coupled LDPC code ensembles approach the Shannon capacity for a class of binary-input memoryless symmetric (BMS) channels. The fundamental reason for this was attributed to a threshold saturation phenomena derived in [1]. In particular, it was shown that the belief propagation (BP) threshold of the spatially coupled codes is equal to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding threshold of the underlying constituent codes. In this sense, the BP threshold is saturated to its maximum value. Moreover, it has been empirically observed that the same phenomena also occurs when transmitting over more general classes of BMS channels. In this paper, we show that the effect of spatial coupling is not restricted to the realm of channel coding. The effect of coupling also manifests itself in compressed sensing. Specifically, we show that spatially-coupled measurement matrices have an improved sparsity to sampling threshold for reconstruction algorithms based on verification decoding. For BP-based reconstruction algorithms, this phenomenon is also tested empirically via simulation. At the block lengths accesible via simulation, the effect is rather small but, based on the threshold analysis, we believe this warrants further study.
Supervised feature selection in graphs with path coding penalties and network flows

We consider supervised learning problems where the features are embedded in a graph, such as gene expressions in a gene network. In this context, it is of much interest to automatically select a subgraph with few connected components; by exploiting prior knowledge, one can indeed improve the prediction performance or obtain results that are easier to interpret. Regularization or penalty functions for selecting features in graphs have recently been proposed, but they raise new algorithmic challenges. For example, they typically require solving a combinatorially hard selection problem among all connected subgraphs. In this paper, we propose computationally feasible strategies to select a sparse and well-connected subset of features sitting on a directed acyclic graph (DAG). We introduce structured sparsity penalties over paths on a DAG called "path coding" penalties. Unlike existing regularization functions that model long-range interactions between features in a graph, path coding penalties are tractable. The penalties and their proximal operators involve path selection problems, which we efficiently solve by leveraging network flow optimization. We experimentally show on synthetic, image, and genomic data that our approach is scalable and leads to more connected subgraphs than other regularization functions for graphs.
Physics of Rotation in Stellar Models

In these lecture notes, we present the equations presently used in stellar interior models in order to compute the effects of axial rotation. We discuss the hypotheses made. We suggest that the effects of rotation might play a key role at low metallicity.
A decomposition theorem for frames and the Feichtinger Conjecture

In this paper we study the Feichtinger Conjecture in frame theory, which was recently shown to be equivalent to the 1959 Kadison-Singer Problem in C*-Algebras. We will show that every bounded Bessel sequence can be decomposed into two subsets each of which is an arbitrarily small perturbation of a sequence with a finite orthogonal decomposition. This construction is then used to answer two open problems concerning the Feichtinger Conjecture: 1. The Feichtinger Conjecture is equivalent to the conjecture that every unit norm Bessel sequence is a finite union of frame sequences. 2. Every unit norm Bessel sequence is a finite union of sets each of which is ω-independent for l 2 -sequences.
A new approach for non-cooperative iris recognition

Traditional iris recognition algorithms can work well for the frontal iris images. However, when the gaze of an eye changes with respect to the camera lens, many times the size, shape, and detail of iris patterns will change as well and cannot be matched to enrolled images using traditional methods. Additionally, the transformation of off-angle eyes to polar coordinates becomes much more challenging and noncooperative iris algorithms will require a different approach. In this paper, we propose a new approach for iris recognition. This new method does not require polar transformation, affine transformation or highly accurate segmentation to perform iris recognition. Our research results using the remote non-cooperative iris Image database show that the proposed method works well on frontal look images and off-angle images as well.
Physical component analysis of galaxy cluster weak gravitational lensing data

We present a novel approach for reconstructing the projected mass distribution of clusters of galaxies from sparse and noisy weak gravitational lensing shear data. The reconstructions are regularized using knowledge gained from numerical simulations of clusters: trial mass distributions are constructed from n physically motivated components, each of which has the universal density profile and characteristic geometry observed in simulated clusters. The parameters of these components are assumed to be distributed a priori in the same way as they are in the simulated clusters. Sampling mass distributions from the components ‘parameters’ posterior probability density function allows estimates of the mass distribution to be generated, with error bars. The appropriate number of components is inferred from the data itself via the Bayesian evidence, and is typically found to be small, reflecting the quality of the simulated data used in this work. Ensemble average mass maps are found to be robust to the details of the noise realization, and succeed in recovering the input mass distribution (from a realistic simulated cluster) over a wide range of scales. We comment on the residuals of the reconstruction and their implications, and discuss the extension of the method to include strong-lensing information.
Site directed synthesis of mono and disubstituted SF5-polyfluoroalkyl benzenes

Abstract A novel method for the preparation of o-, m-, p-SF5CF2CFYC6H4X (Y = Br, F and X = m-Br, p-Br, Cl, CH3, CF3, NO2, o-NO2, F, CF3, CH(CH3)2) derivatives was devised by a two-step reaction: SF5Br-addition to o-, m-, p-CF2 CFC6H4X followed by reaction of AgBF4 with the o-, m-, p-SF5CF2CFBrC6H4X adducts. Additional studies have been carried out with several derivatives and includes the preparation of SF5CF2C(O)C6H5, p-CF3CFBrC6H4NO2, SF5CF2CF2C6H3(NO2)2, SF5CF2CF2C6H3(NH2)2, and an SF5CF2CF2-containing polyimide and dye. The complete characterization (IR, NMR, and MS) of these compounds is given.
On Mott’s formula for the ac-conductivity in the Anderson model

We study the ac-conductivity in linear response theory in the general framework of ergodic magnetic Schrodinger operators. For the Anderson model, if the Fermi energy lies in the localization regime, we prove that the ac- conductivity is bounded from above by Cν 2 (log 1 ) d+2 at small frequencies ν. This is to be compared to Mott's formula, which predicts the leading term to be Cν 2 (log 1 ν ) d+1 .
The engineering of mind

Abstract While the mind remains a mysterious and inaccessible phenomenon, many of the components of mind, such as perception, behavior generation, knowledge representation, value judgment, reason, intention, emotion, memory, imagination, recognition, learning, attention, and intelligence are becoming well defined and amenable to analysis. Progress is rapid in the cognitive and neurosciences as well as in artificial intelligence, control theory, and many other fields related to the engineering of mind. A reference model architecture for intelligent systems is suggested to tie together concepts from all these separate fields into a unified framework that includes both biological and machine embodiments of the components of mind. It is argued that such a reference model architecture will facilitate the development of scientific models of mind.
Can we manage for resilience? The integration of resilience thinking into natural resource management in the United States.

The concept of resilience is now frequently invoked by natural resource agencies in the US. This reflects growing trends within ecology, conservation biology, and other disciplines acknowledging that social–ecological systems require management approaches recognizing their complexity. In this paper, we examine the concept of resilience and the manner in which some legal and regulatory frameworks governing federal natural resource agencies have difficulty accommodating it. We then use the U.S. Forest Service’s employment of resilience as an illustration of the challenges ahead.
Interpreting cellular coverage for transportation applications

The process was developed for collecting and analyzing cellular coverage data by applying the results of analysis to analog cellular coverage in the state of Kansas. The type of analysis that is appropriate depends on the purpose for which the information is to be used. Two types of analyses were examined---fixed coverage and mobile coverage. Fixed coverage analysis is needed for such functions as automatic collision notification in which any individual cellular connection can occur from a fixed location. The study showed that the fixed cellular coverage of the Kansas state highway system was good. Only 0.4% of the highway by length had inadequate signal strength for using a 3-W phone (a typical car phone) and 1.7% for using a 0.6-W phone (a typical handheld unit). In contrast, the mobile coverage analysis identified numerous areas where a call from a moving vehicle would be severely limited in duration. This type of analysis is needed for applications such as communications for emergency medical services...
The prison in economics: private and public incarceration in Ancient Greece

Recent histories of Ancient Greece describe a transition from customary law to public criminal justice between 800 and 400 B.C. This narrative contains three pieces of evidence against the presumption that prisons are a public good and government must provide incarcerations. First, before the rise of a formal government, Ancient Greece had a functioning system of criminal law enforcement. Second, the timeline surrounding the rise of government institutions in Ancient Greece originated with Solon’s penal reforms. Lastly, the rise of a government system was more the result of private rather than public interest.
Bis(dimethyl malonato)ketazine. Formation and inversion/rotation barrier

Abstract Decomposition of neat dimethyl diazomalonate (1) with rhodium(II) acetate dimer gave the azine, 3, as the major product. Dynamic NMR spectroscopy provided the activation parameters for the inversion/rotation barrier of 3.
CERTAIN FREE PRODUCTS OF GRAPH OPERATOR ALGEBRAS

Abstract We develop a notion of a generalized Cuntz–Krieger family of projections and partial isometries where the range of the partial isometries need not have trivial intersection. We associate to these generalized Cuntz–Krieger families a directed graph, with a coloring function on the edge set. We call such a directed graph an edge-colored directed graph. We then study the C ∗ -algebras and the non-selfadjoint operator algebras associated to edge-colored directed graphs. These algebras arise as free products of directed graph algebras with amalgamation. We then determine the C ∗ -envelopes for a large class of the non-selfadjoint algebras. Finally, we relate properties of the edge-colored directed graphs to properties of the associated C ∗ -algebra, including simplicity and nuclearity. Using the free product description of these algebras we investigate the K-theory of these algebras.
Neutral currents and tests of three-neutrino unitarity in long-baseline experiments

We examine a strategy for using neutral current measurements in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments to put limits on the existence of more than three light, active neutrinos. We determine the relative contributions of statistics, cross-section uncertainties, event misidentification and other systematic errors to the overall uncertainty of these measurements. As specific case studies, we make simulations of beams and detectors that are like the K2K, T2K and MINOS experiments. We find that the neutral current cross-section uncertainty and contamination of the neutral current signal by charge current events allow a sensitivity for determining the presence of sterile neutinos at the 0.10–0.15 level in probablility.
Large Deviations Sum-Queue Optimality of a Radial Sum-Rate Monotone Opportunistic Scheduler

A centralized wireless system is considered that is serving a fixed set of users with time varying channel capacities. An opportunistic scheduling rule in this context selects a user (or users) to serve based on the current channel state and user queues. Unless the user traffic is symmetric and/or the underlying capacity region a polymatroid, little is known concerning how performance optimal schedulers should tradeoff maximizing current service rate (being opportunistic) versus balancing unequal queues (enhancing user-diversity to enable future high service rate opportunities). By contrast, with currently proposed opportunistic schedulers, e.g., MaxWeight and Exp Rule, a radial sum-rate monotonic (RSM) scheduler de-emphasizes queue-balancing in favor of greedily maximizing the system service rate as the queue-lengths are scaled up linearly. In this paper, it is shown that an RSM opportunistic scheduler, p-Log Rule, is not only throughput-optimal, but also maximizes the asymptotic exponential decay rate of the sum-queue distribution for a two-queue system. The result complements existing optimality results for opportunistic scheduling and point to RSM schedulers as a good design choice given the need for robustness in wireless systems with both heterogeneity and high degree of uncertainty.
SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIMERGER RELIEF IN THE UNITED STATES

The paper seeks to flll the void in the empirical economics literature of U.S. antimerger policy. A new empirical measure of relief secured in a Section 7 case is proposed. The extent of obtained relief is modeled as a fraction of the competitive overlap subject to structural divestiture. The model of determination of the relative size and scope of divestiture is applied to a sample of recent Section 7 cases. The estimated model is reasonably successful at predicting the outcomes of several out-of-sample cases.
Did the 2007 PCAOB Disciplinary Order against Deloitte Impose Actual Costs on the Firm or Improve Its Audit Quality

ABSTRACT: We examine whether the December 2007 PCAOB disciplinary order against Deloitte affected Deloitte's switching risk, audit fees, and audit quality relative to the other Big 4 firms over a three-year period following the censure. Our findings suggest that the PCAOB censure was associated with a decrease in Deloitte's ability to retain clients and attract new clients, and a decrease in Deloitte's audit fee growth rates. However, methodologies used in extant archival studies yield little or no evidence to suggest that Deloitte's audit quality was different from that of the other Big 4 firms during a three-year window either before or after the censure. Overall, our results suggest that the PCAOB censure imposed actual costs on Deloitte. Data Availability: All data are publicly available.
Multiscale queuing analysis of long-range-dependent network traffic

Many studies have indicated the importance of capturing scaling properties when modeling traffic loads; however, the influence of long-range dependence (LRD) and marginal statistics still remains on an unsure footing. In this paper, we study these two issues by introducing a multiscale traffic model and a novel multiscale approach to queuing analysis. The multifractal wavelet model (MWM) is a multiplicative, wavelet-based model that captures the positivity, LRD, and "spikiness" of non-Gaussian traffic. Using a binary tree, the model synthesizes an N-point data set with only O(N) computations. Leveraging the tree structure of the model, we derive a multiscale queuing analysis that provides a simple closed form approximation to the tail queue probability, valid for any given buffer size. The analysis is applicable not only to the MWM but to tree-based models in general, including fractional Gaussian noise. Simulated queuing experiments demonstrate the accuracy of the MWM for matching real data traces and the precision of our theoretical queuing formula. Thus, the MWM is useful not only for fast synthesis of data for simulation purposes but also for applications requiring accurate queuing formulas such as call admission control. Our results clearly indicate that the marginal distribution of traffic at different time-resolutions affects queuing and that a Gaussian assumption can lead to over-optimistic predictions of tail queue probability even when taking LRD into account.
Comparative Study of a Solid Film Dewetting in an Attractive Substrate Potentials with the Exponential and the Algebraic Decay

We compare dewetting characteristics of a thin nonwetting solid film in the absence of stress, for two models of a wetting potential: the exponential and the algebraic. The exponential model is a one-parameter (r) model, and the algebraic model is a two-parameter (r; m) model, where r is the ratio of the characteristic wetting length to the height of the unperturbed film, and m is the exponent of h (film height) in a smooth function that interpolates the system's surface energy above and below the film-substrate interface at z = 0. The exponential model gives monotonically decreasing (with h) wetting chemical potential, while this dependence is monotonic only for the m = 1 case of the algebraic model. Linear stability analysis of the planar equilibrium surface is performed. Simulations of the surface dynamics in the strongly nonlinear regime (large deviations from the planar equilibrium) and for large surface energy anisotropies demonstrate that for any m the film is less prone to dewetting when it is governed by the algebraic model. Quasiequilibrium states similar to the one found in the exponential model (15) exist in the algebraic model as well, and the film morphologies are similar.
A SOFTWARE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR RESEARCH IN TEXTUAL DATA MINING

Few tools exist that address the challenges facing researchers in the Textual Data Mining (TDM) field. Some are too specific to their application, or are prototypes not suitable for general use. More general tools often are not capable of processing large volumes of data. We have created a Textual Data Mining Infrastructure (TMI) that incorporates both existing and new capabilities in a reusable framework conducive to developing new tools and components. TMI adheres to strict guidelines that allow it to run in a wide range of processing environments – as a result, it accommodates the volume of computing and diversity of research occurring in TDM. A unique capability of TMI is support for optimization. This facilitates text mining research by automating the search for optimal parameters in text mining algorithms. In this article we describe a number of applications that use the TMI. A brief tutorial is provided on the use of TMI. We present several novel results that have not been published elsewhere. We also discuss how the TMI utilizes existing machine-learning libraries, thereby enabling researchers to continue and extend their endeavors with minimal effort. Towards that end, TMI is available on the web at .
E- or Z-Selective synthesis of 4-fluorovinyl-1,2,3-triazoles with fluorinated second-generation Julia–Kocienski reagents

A highly modular approach to N-substituted 4-(1-fluorovinyl)triazoles is described. In situ desilylation and Cu-catalyzed ligation reaction of TMS-protected α-fluoropropargyl benzothiazole sulfone with aryl, alkyl, and metallocenyl azides furnished second-generation Julia–Kocienski reagents in good to excellent yields. Condensation reactions of these reagents with aldehydes can be tuned to yield E or Z-alkenes selectively. Under mild conditions with DBU as the base, reactions of aldehydes furnished E-alkenes as the major isomer. On the other hand, in condensation reactions with LHMDS as the base and in appropriate solvents, both aldehydes and ketones reacted to yield fluoroalkenes with Z-selectivity. Stereochemical assignment of E/Z olefins obtained in the reaction of a ketone with two Julia reagents was performed via X-ray crystallographic analysis and comparisons of NMR data. The method allows efficient and ready diversification of the N1-substituent and substituents at the double bond.
Transient analysis of multicavity klystrons

A model for analytic analysis of transients in multicavity klystron output power and phase is described. Cavities are modeled as resonant circuits, while bunching of the beam is modeled using linear space-charge wave theory. The analysis has been implemented in a computer program used to design multicavity klystrons with stable output power and phase. The authors present as examples transient analyses of a relativistic klystron using a magnetic pulse compression modulator and of a conventional klystron designed to use phase-shifting techniques for RF pulse compression. >
Time Reversal Based Microwave Hyperthermia Treatment of Breast Cancer

In this correspondence, a new time reversal (TR) based ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave method for hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer is presented. Two high-resolution techniques, time reversal (TR) and robust Capon beamformer (RGB), are employed to shape the transmitted signals both temporally and spatially. As shown in the two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations, this method has better electromagnetic (EM) energy focusing ability than the existing methods, and can provide the necessary temperature gradients required for effective hyperthermia