cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differentiating clinical profiles: predicting good responders, poor responders, and hyperresponders.

Abstract Objective: To describe the different clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods (basal and dynamic tests) available to identify poor-, good-, and high-responder patients undergoing treatment with in vitro fertilization (IVF). Design: Analytical review. Setting: IVF program. Patients: Women in different age groups undergoing IVF treatment. Intervention(s): Assessment of clinical and laboratory parameters and correlation with outcomes. Main Outcome Measure(s): Response to ovarian stimulation and success of the assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Result(s): Age, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol and inhibin-B levels, and dynamic testing serve to predict individual response to ovarian stimulation for ART. Conclusion(s): Markers of ovarian reserve (day 3 FSH, inhibin B and E 2 ) are particularly predictive and useful in guiding the choice of the optimal protocol for ART. However, no tests are absolutely predictive of a successful outcome. For the younger individual, and for the patient at risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), assessment and identification of clinical and laboratory parameters predictive of a high response to ovarian stimulation should guide the clinician in choosing an appropriate stimulation protocol, thus attenuating the risk of OHSS.
Utility of Breast Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Using Day-Before-Surgery Injection of High-Dose 99mTc-Labeled Sulfur Colloid

Background: In sentinel lymph node SLN biopsy for breast cancer, many centers use same-day preoperative injection of technetium 99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid and intraoperative injection of blue dye for localization of SLNs. Same-day sulfur colloid injections can be problematic because of the variability in sulfur colloid migration times, which can lead to ineffective use of operating room time, and low SLN-to-background radioactivity ratios. We examined the utility of day-before-surgery injections of high dose 99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid injections. Methods: The day before surgery, high-dose 99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid was injected peritumorally, and a lymphoscintigram was obtained. Intraoperatively, after injection of blue dye, a gamma probe was used to localize SLNs. Nodes that were stained blue or were highly radioactive were considered SLNs and were removed. Results: Lymphoscintigraphy demonstrated drainage in 107 patients 91%. Transcutaneous localization of the SLN was possible in 104 patients 89%. In three patients, all of whom had no drainage demonstrated on lymphoscintigraphy, no SLN was identified at surgery 97.5% success rate for SLN identification. A mean of 2.3 SLNs per patient were identified. Twenty-five patients 21% had at least one histologically positive SLN. In 23 of these patients, the positive SLN was the SLN with the most radioactivity, and in the remaining two patients, the positive SLN was both blue-stained and hot. Conclusion: Day-before-surgery injection of high-dose 99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid results in high rates of transcutaneous and intraoperative identification of SLNs. The delay between injection and surgery did not appear to promote significant passage of sulfur colloid to second-echelon nodes.
Narrowband interference rejection in OFDM via carrier interferometry spreading codes

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has gained a great deal of attention lately and is considered as a strong candidate for many next-generation wireless communication systems. However, OFDM (in its current implementation) does not demonstrate robustness to narrowband interference. In our earlier work, we showed how carrier interferometry (CI) spreading codes may be applied to spread OFDM symbols over all N subcarriers - this allows OFDM to exploit frequency diversity and improve performance (without loss in throughput). In this paper, we show that, by spreading OFDM symbols over all N subcarriers via CI spreading codes, the resulting carrier interferometry OFDM (CI/OFDM) system is also capable of suppressing narrowband interference. Simulation results for OFDM, coded OFDM (COFDM), CI/OFDM, and coded CI/OFDM over additive white Gaussian noise and multipath fading channels confirm CI/OFDM's robustness to narrowband interference.
A two-dimensional cusp at the trailing edge of an air bubble rising in a viscoelastic liquid

When an air bubble rises in a viscoelastic fluid there is a critical capillary number for cusping and jump in velocity: when the capillary number is below critical, which is about 1 in our data, there is no cusp at the tail of a (smooth) air bubble. For larger volumes, a two-dimensional cusp, sharp in one view and broad in the orthogonal view, is in evidence. Measurements suggest that the cusp tip is in the generic form y = ax2/3 satisfied by analytic cusps. The intervals of volumes for which dramatic changes in air bubble shape take place is very small and the two to ten fold increase in the rise velocity which accompanies the small change of volume could be modelled as a discontinuity. A second drag transition and an orientational transition occurred when U/c > 1 where U is the rise velocity of an air bubble and c is the shear wave speed. For U/c 1 then U is proportional to d and the Deborah number does not change with U. Moreover the bubble shapes when U/c 1 when inertia is dominant. The formation of cusps occurs in all kinds of columns of different sizes and shapes. Cusping is generic but the orientation of the broad edge with respect to the sidewalls is an issue. There is no preferred orientation in columns with round cross-sections, or in the case of walls far away from the rising bubble. In columns with rectangular cross-sections, three relatively stable configurations can be observed: the cusp can be observed in the wide window and the broad edge in the narrow window; the cusp can be observed in the narrow window and the broad edge in the wide window or, less frequently, the broad edge lies along a diagonal. These orientational and drag alternatives are directly analogous to those which are observed in the settling of long or broad solid bodies (Liu & Joseph 1993).
Tumor detection in gamma-ray images

We describe a nonlinear detector which uses student's t-test to locate tumors occurring in anatomic background. The detector computes the significance of any observed difference between the mean of features extracted from a small, circular search window and the mean of features belonging to an outer, concentric background window. The t-test is applied to search windows at every pixel location in the image. The t-statistic computed from the sample means and variances of the inner and outer regions is thresholded at a chosen significance level to give a positive detection. The response of the detector peaks when the inner window coincides with a bright spot of the same size. Nonuniform anatomic background activity is effectively suppressed, except for structure of the same size and shape as the tumors being sought. Because the t-statistic is a true measure of significance, it can be applied to any set of features which are likely to distinguish tumors. We apply the test to two features, one related to object intensity and the other to object shape. A final determination on the presence and location of tumors is made by a simple combination of the significance levels generated from each feature. Tests are performed using simulated tumors superimposed on clinical images. Performance curves resembling standard receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) plots show a slight improvement over the prewhitening matched filter. Unlike the matched filter, however, the t-test detector assumes nothing specific about the tumor apart from its size.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND COLOR OF LAKE TAHOE AND CRATER LAKE1

Spectral irradiance has been measured as a function of depth in Crater Lake, Oregon, and Lake Tahoe, California. In Lake Tahoe, Secchi disk observations and submarine photometer measurements have been recorded year round since July 1967. Also, in Lake Tahoe, beam transmittance has been measured as a function of depth. From these data the radiant energy input and certain optical properties of the two lakes are presented. Since color is a principal esthetic feature of these lakes, a complete color analysis is also presented. This information provides an objective standard with which to compare possible future changes in the optical properties and in the esthetic appearance of Crater Lake and Lake Tahoe. The method can be applied generally to quantify the optical deterioration of any aquatic habitat and can detect such deterioration before it is noticeable by casual visual observation.
Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to UV-A

Defining the action spectrum of light-induced or light-aggravated disease has theoretical importance for at least two reasons. First, this information, by indicating likely chromophores, may lead to an understanding of etiology and pathogenesis. A classical example of such a sequence was the identification of erythropoietic protoporphyria1 and its separation from the polymorphous light eruption group. Second, photoprotective agents ideally are selected by matching the action spectrum of the skin disease with the absorption spectrum of the sunscreen.
Minimally Invasive Implant Surgery and Immediate Loading: Surgical and Prosthetic Techniques

Introduction: Computerized tomography (CT)–guided implant surgery has been used to perform minimally invasive implant placement. In many cases, the procedure may be performed along with immediate restoration. Inaccuracies related to the CT scan itself and the surgical technique often result in implant positions which are slightly different from those that were planned. If immediate restoration and/or loading is desired, a prosthetic technique must be used that can easily account for this discrepancy.Case Presentation: A 43-year-old male patient with a completely edentulous maxilla and mandible presented to the Periodontics Clinic at the University of Pennsylvania. Implants were placed in both the maxilla and mandible using a minimally invasive CT-guided approach. The dentures that were fabricated for him were converted into fixed hybrid restorations at the time of surgery using two different techniques that took into account any discrepancy between the surgical plan and the actual placement.Conclusions: W...
Miscorrection probability beyond the minimum distance

The miscorrection probability of a list decoder is the probability that the decoder will have at least one noncausal codeword in its decoding sphere. Evaluating this probability is important when using a list-decoder as a conventional decoder since in that case we require the list to contain at most one codeword for most of the errors. A lower bound on the miscorrection is the main result. The key ingredient in the proof is a new combinatorial upper bound on the list-size for a general q-ary block code. This bound is tighter than the best known on large alphabets, and it is shown to be very close to the algebraic bound for Reed-Solomon codes. Finally we discuss two known upper bounds on the miscorrection probability and unify them for linear MDS codes.
Effects of surface relaxation on the surface modes of a CsCl (001) slab shaped crystal

Abstract The vibrational frequencies of a 24-layer CsCl (001) slab have been calculated with an eleven-parameter shell model. Without surface relaxation, the results exhibit an instability in the form of a pair of imaginary-frequency Rayleigh modes for wave vectors over most of the surface Brillouin zone. To investigate the effects of relaxation on this dynamic instability, two kinds of relaxation have been used; (i) an inward relaxation of the two outermost planes, and (ii) an expansion of the entire slab in the z -direction (i.e. normal to the surfaces), followed by an inward relaxation of the two outermost planes. In the first case, the imaginary frequencies are removed for most wave vectors except for those very close to the zone center. In the second case, the imaginary frequencies are removed for all wave vectors. Due to the occurrence of two different surfaces of the slab, one containing only Cs + ions, the other only Cl − ions, two classes of surface modes are found: one with the vibrational amplitudes decreasing from the top layer to the bottom layer, the other vice versa. Longitudinal and transverse optical, and transverse accoustical surface modes are found in both classes. The frequencies of these surface modes are strongly dependent on the surface relaxations.
Residue-Specific Membrane Location of Peptides and Proteins Using Specifically and Extensively Deuterated Lipids and 13C-2H Rotational-Echo Double-Resonance Solid-State NMR

Residue-specific location of peptides in the hydrophobic core of membranes was examined using 13C–2H REDOR and samples in which the lipids were selectively deuterated. The transmembrane topology of the KALP peptide was validated with this approach with substantial dephasing observed for deuteration in the bilayer center and reduced or no dephasing for deuteration closer to the headgroups. Insertion of β sheet HIV and helical and β sheet influenza virus fusion peptides into the hydrophobic core of the membrane was validated in samples with extensively deuterated lipids.
Subwavelength position sensing using nonlinear feedback and wave chaos.

We demonstrate a position-sensing technique that relies on the inherent sensitivity of chaos, where we illuminate a subwavelength object with a complex structured radio-frequency field generated using wave chaos and nonlinear feedback. We operate the system in a quasiperiodic state and analyze changes in the frequency content of the scalar voltage signal in the feedback loop. This allows us to extract the object's position with a one-dimensional resolution of $\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\lambda}/10\text{ }000$ and a two-dimensional resolution of $\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\lambda}/300$, where $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is the shortest wavelength of the illuminating source.
Chronic alterations in jejunal myoelectric activity in rats due to MPTP

Parkinsonian patients may have symptoms consistent with intestinal pseudo-obstruction, but a primary intestinal abnormality has not been shown. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), after conversion to a toxic metabolite via the monoamine oxidase system, can induce Parkinson's disease by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in humans and primates. Rodents have some catecholamine depletion but much less so than primates. Using chronic bipolar electrodes on the proximal jejunum of Wistar rats, we show significant, chronic migrating myoelectric complex disruption (P less than 0.001) and prolongation of irregular spike activity (P less than 0.001). Pargyline (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor) pretreatment significantly blocked these myoelectric changes. Sinemet (L-dopa and carbidopa), given after MPTP to replete dopamine, decreased the MPTP-induced migrating myoelectric complex disruption. Jejunal myenteric plexus dopamine levels were significantly decreased (to 61% of control) after MPTP but after much higher doses than were required to disrupt migrating myoelectric complex activity (180 mg/kg total vs. 30 mg/kg). Dopamine in the central nervous system was not depleted. We conclude that MPTP causes intestinal myoelectric disruption (which can be blocked by pargyline and decreased by Sinemet) possibly through enteric, but not central, nervous system effects.
Family Support for the Elderly in Delta State of Nigeria

Family support for the elderly has become a very important issue in examining the overall well-being of the elderly. It is against this background that the present study examined family support for the elderly in Delta State of Nigeria. The major emphasis in the present study include the sources of support received, the forms of support received, frequency of support received, how adequate are supports received by the elderly, the relationship between the number of wives and children, social distance and the support received by the elderly. Findings from the analysis of data generated in the study revealed that the family still accounts for a large proportion of the support received by the elderly. The study also indicates that support received by the elderly are not regular and adequate. The study also established relationships between the number of wives, children and social distance and support received by the elderly in Nigeria.
From Necessity to Possibility: Postmodern and Heideggerian Aspects of Passing and Identity in Early African American Novels From 1853 to 1912

This article applies theories of fragmented postmodern identity and Heidegger’s modes of existence and concept of historicality to the issue of passing and traces the treatment of that motif across...
The Political Economy of Lifestyle: Consumption, India’s New Middle Class and State-Led Development

This essay analyzes the political economy of lifestyle that frames middle class consumption in post-liberalization India. The essay argues that the new middle class in India is part of a state-led project of development rather than an expanding consumer group that has naturally been produced by economic growth. Economic liberalization in India operates through two disparate but simultaneous languages of economic development and economic growth. On the one hand, state, non-governmental organizations and World Bank sponsored projects produce narratives of sustainable development that primarily target subaltern social groups. On the other hand, state-led and global policies of economic liberalization deploy celebratory languages of middle class consumption as a sign of the success of such policies. These narratives of middle class consumption and subaltern sustainable development are part of a singular set of state developmentalist strategies in the post-liberalization period. This role of the state suggests that the politics of sustainability will require more than attitudinal shifts amongst middle class individuals. The essay concludes by analyzing possibilities for cross-class alliances between subaltern groups and sections of the middle classes that the state cannot successfully incorporate into this new middle class model of development.
The Corporation's Cost of Capital (Abridged)

This technical note introduces the concept of the corporation's cost of capital. It includes materials from "The Corporation's Cost of Capital and the Weighted-Average Cost of Capital" (UVA-F-0910) and "Introduction to the Cost of Equity" (UVA-F-0911), which cover the topics of weighted-average cost of capital and cost of equity in more detail.
Infant-Feeding Intentions and Practices of Internal Medicine Physicians

Abstract Background: Personal breastfeeding behavior of physician mothers is associated with their clinical breastfeeding advocacy, which in turn impacts patients' breastfeeding behavior. Internists can play an important role in breastfeeding advocacy as they usually come in contact with mothers longitudinally. Objective: To explore the personal infant-feeding decisions and behavior of physician mothers in internal medicine (IM). Materials and Methods: Physicians with current or previous IM training were isolated from our “Breastfeeding Among Physicians” database. The data in the database were gathered from cross-sectional surveys of 130 physician volunteers, mainly affiliated with the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Baltimore, MD) and the University of Florida College of Medicine (Gainesville, FL). Results: Seventy-two mothers reported current or previous IM training and had 196 infants. Breastfeeding rates were 96% at birth, 77% at 6 months, and 40% at 12 months. Exclusive breastfeeding rat...
Revealing Redundancy: The Tension between Federal Sovereign Immunity and Nonstatutory Review

The doctrine of sovereign immunity dictates that courts lack jurisdiction to review cases challenging official action unless Congress has expressly consented to suit. But in the absence of a statutory waiver of sovereign immunity, courts use “nonstatutory review” to justify the exercise of jurisdiction in suits against federal officers seeking to enjoin ultra vires conduct. This article explores the apparent inconsistency between the Supreme Court’s unequivocal statements that the United States can only be sued with its consent and the federal judiciary’s willingness to adjudicate suits challenging official action in the absence of a waiver of sovereign immunity. The article concludes that, as the federal courts have narrowed the availability of nonstatutory review and of implied rights of action and remedies, sovereign immunity has become superfluous. The article explores that doctrinal redundancy and suggests that these alternative grounds for decision are preferable to sovereign immunity, because they are more closely tied to the text of Article III and to maintaining the balance of power among the branches of the federal government. Thus, the author advocates allowing federal sovereign immunity to wither away.
Information 2.0: New Models of Information Production, Distribution and Consumption, 2nd Edition. Martin De Saulles.

Information 2.0: New Models of Information Production, Distribution and Consumption, 2nd Edition. Martin De Saulles. London: Facet Publishing. 2015. x + 164 pages. ISBN: 978-1-78330-009-9. Price: £49.95, US$95.00. Martin De Saulles provides a concise, yet relatively wide-ranging, overview of the enduring issues and current crises in information and communication technologies (ICT) in Information 2.0: New Models of Information Production, Distribution and Consumption . Keenly aware of the rapidly shifting landscape of ICT, his book examines the diverse types of information created and consumed today; the role of data in society, from personal uses to mass governmental and business initiatives; the history of information technology over the past half century; and the exponentially expanding networks of corporate and governmental actors that control the access and management of ICT. And throughout, he analyzes the role of librarians and information professionals in addressing these myriad ICT issues, and the new possibilities … green19{at}illinois.edu
Training of Mathematics Teachers in the Peoples' Republic of China

(1970). Training of Mathematics Teachers in the Peoples' Republic of China. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 77, No. 10, pp. 1097-1103.
Agency, choice and restrictions in producing Latina/o street-vending landscapes in Los Angeles

This paper interrogates how street vendors and ‘street landlords’ (street gangs), the local state and its apparatus produce quasi-organised street-vending landscapes in Los Angeles. It draws upon the notion of urban informality, uneven geographies of value as well as work that engages with divergent enactments of agency negotiated in relation to restrictive social structural processes. It illustrates that despite complex layers of restrictions and codes imposed by the local state, gang members and the vendors themselves , street vendors do enact agency, not as collective efforts to resist or gain state legitimacy, but as an individual ‘choice’ to work as vendors among a range of employment options to them.
Safety climate and safety behaviors in the construction industry: The importance of co-workers commitment to safety

Background There is growing empirical evidence that as safety climate improves work site safety practice improve. Safety climate is often measured by asking workers about their perceptions of management commitment to safety. However, it is less common to include perceptions of their co-workers commitment to safety. While the involvement of management in safety is essential, working with co-workers who value and prioritize safety may be just as important. Objective To evaluate a concept of safety climate that focuses on top management, supervisors and co-workers commitment to safety, which is relatively new and untested in the United States construction industry. Methods Survey data was collected from a cohort of 300 unionized construction workers in the United States. The significance of direct and indirect (mediation) effects among safety climate and safety behavior factors were evaluated via structural equation modeling. Results Results indicated that safety climate was associated with safety behaviors on the job. More specifically, perceptions of co-workers commitment to safety was a mediator between both management commitment to safety climate factors and safety behaviors. Conclusions These results support workplace health and safety interventions that build and sustain safety climate and a commitment to safety amongst work teams.
Hepatic Encephalopathy—the Old and the New

Hepatic encephalopathy occurs ubiquitously in all causes of advanced liver failure, however, its implications on mortality diverge and vary depending upon acuity and severity of liver failure. This associated mortality has decreased in subsets of liver failure over the last 20 years. Aside from liver transplantation, this improvement is not attributable to a single intervention but likely to a combination of practical advances in critical care management. Misconceptions surrounding many facets of hepatic encephalopathy exists due to heterogeneity in presentation, pathophysiology and outcome. This review is intended to highlight the important concepts, rationales and strategies for managing hepatic encephalopathy.
The effects of respiratory sinus arrhythmia on anger reactivity and persistence in major depression.

The experience of anger during a depressive episode has recently been identified as a poor prognostic indicator of illness course. Given the clinical implications of anger in major depressive disorder (MDD), understanding the mechanisms involved in anger reactivity and persistence is critical for improved intervention. Biological processes involved in emotion regulation during stress, such as respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), may play a role in maintaining negative moods. Clinically depressed (MDD; n = 49) and nondepressed (non-MDD; n = 50) individuals were challenged with a stressful computer task shown to increase anger, while RSA (high frequency range 0.15-0.4 Hz) was collected. RSA predicted future anger, but was unrelated to current anger. That is, across participants, low baseline RSA predicted anger reactivity during the task, and in depressed individuals, those with low RSA during the task had a greater likelihood of anger persistence during a recovery period. These results suggest that low RSA may be a psychophysiological process involved in anger regulation in depression. Low RSA may contribute to sustained illness course by diminishing the repair of angry moods.
Hydrogen production from water using a bis(imino)pyridine molybdenum electrocatalyst

In 5.0 M H2O/acetonitrile, [(Ph2PPrPDI)MoO][PF6]2 produces H2 with 96% Faradaic efficiency at −2.5 V vs. Fc+/0 and a rate of 55 s−1. Reactivity studies and isolation of a Mo(II) oxo intermediate, (Ph2PPrPDI)MoO, shed light on the H2 evolution mechanism.
Familial adenomatous polyposis

Three cases of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are presented to illustrate multiple genetic principles, including disease phenotype, mutational spectrum, and inheritance patterns. The first case represents the most common form, classical FAP consisting of thousands of polyps in an adolescent with a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC). Molecular analysis of the adenomatous polyposis gene (APC) using scanning and sequencing molecular methods reveals a novel insertion and deletion (indel) mutation on one allele, thus confirming the diagnosis and allowing targeted mutation analysis for at-risk family members. The second case illustrates attenuated FAP (AFAP), presenting at a later age with fewer polyps, in an individual with a family history of CRC. In this case, a full gene deletion of one allele was identified during molecular analysis using various technologies. The implications of these findings are discussed along with genetic counseling and testing for at-risk family members. The third example presents with a newborn diagnosed with Gardner syndrome and having no family history of FAP or CRC. Molecular analysis confirms the diagnosis and identifies a novel truncating nonsense mutation. Genetic testing and counseling implications for the family are discussed, including the possibility of gonadal mosaicism and de novo events. In all three cases, the molecular data are presented with a clinical interpretation. A discussion of inherited CRC and gene contributions, the clinical phenotypes of FAP and AFAP, the APC gene structure, types of mutations, gene function, molecular mechanisms, mutation analysis technologies, genetic counseling issues, and surveillance and treatment options are presented. Keywords: adenomatous polyposis coli; FAP; attenuated FAP (AFAP); mutation analysis
Propagation and Universality

This chapter discusses the notions of bounded and boundable propagation and relates them to universality. An initial configuration c 0 determines a sequence of configurations, c 0 , c 1 , c 2 ,…, c t where for all t , c t + 1 = F ( c t ), and F is the global transition function, such a sequence is called a propagation and denote it by 〈 c 〉 0 . A propagation 〈c〉 is bounded if there exists an integer K such that for all t , p ( c , F t ( c )) K . Otherwise, 〈c〉 is an unbounded propagation. It is possible to check its growth by adjoining to configuration c at time 0 some other configuration. Accordingly, a boundable propagation 〈c〉 is defined as one for which there exists a disjoint configuration d such that c ∪ d is bounded, in this case d bounds c . If no d bounds a given c , 〈c〉 is said to be an unboundable propagation. The chapter presents a proof of the existence of a computation-construction-universal, 2-state cellular space and gives a description of a technique for simulating one cellular space by another.
Female Runner With Painful Left Thigh Swelling: A Case of May-Thurner Syndrome.

Abstract We discuss a case of a female runner who presented with burning left groin and thigh pain and positional swelling after a long run. The workup revealed May-Thurner syndrome. May-Thurner syndrome anatomy is a common anatomical variant present in approximately 20% of the population. Compression of the iliac vein may result in venous stasis in the lower limb with a predisposition to deep venous thrombosis. We identify 4 reported cases of May-Thurner syndrome in female runners and review the importance of diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this condition. Level of Evidence V
Self-Control and Impulsivity in Children: Multiple Behavioral Measures

The present experiment investigated the relationship between laboratory measures of self-control and delay of gratification in children and explored several other factors that may influence self-control. In the self-control paradigm, 30 four-year-old children repeatedly chose between three reinforcers received after a delay and one reinforcer received immediately. A self-imposed delay modification allowed participants to reverse their choices to the smaller, less delayed reinforcer during the delay to the larger reinforcer. In the delay-of-gratification paradigm, the children received three reinforcers if they waited 20 min until the experimenter returned or one reinforcer if they terminated the trial by ringing a bell. A strong positive correlation between the proportion of self-control choices in the self-control paradigm and the wait times in the delay-of-gratification paradigm was found, suggesting concurrent validity between the two measures. In addition, the exposure to visual food cues had no consistent effect across participants on choice in either measure.
Existing and Emerging Molecular Technologies in Myeloid Neoplasms

Insight into the genetic aberrations of myeloid neoplasms has been accomplished through the application of evolving technology and laboratory techniques. Techniques that have been employed for decades include karyotype and fluorescent in situ hybridization have been supplemented by methods such as polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) microarrays that have provided additional insight into the genetic underpinnings of myeloid neoplasia. Recent advances in massively parallel sequencing permit unprecedented insight into the genetic abnormalities involved in the neoplastic process. New technologies, such as long-read sequencing technologies, are in development and offer the possibility of real-time sequencing of single molecules that could offer additional insights. Application of these techniques to detect minimal residual disease and single-cell sequencing is offering insight into the disease processes, but the integration of such methods into routine practice is currently unclear. Understanding the nuances of the analytical methods that are used to inform the genetic basis of myeloid neoplasia is critical for interpreting the results of clinical and scientific investigations.
Pneumomediastinum from vaginal cuff dehiscence four months after laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy: A case report.

Abstract Introduction Vaginal cuff dehiscence (VCD) is a rare post-operative complication after hysterectomy in which the approximated edges of the vaginal cuff separate. Associated presentations range from simple separation with minimal bothersome symptoms to pain, infection, and surgical emergencies such as bowel evisceration. In this report we describe a rare and delayed presentation of VCD. Case A 34-year-old woman underwent laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) for persistent cervical dysplasia. Four months after surgery, she presented to the emergency department with diffuse vaginal bleeding and chest and abdominal pain. Prior to symptom onset she had attempted sexual intercourse for the first time since her surgery. On pelvic exam, she had a one centimeter VCD. Chest, abdomen, and pelvis computerized tomography (CT) imaging showed pneumoperitoneum and pneumomediastinum. She was taken to the operating room for diagnostic laparoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and endoscopy, which were unremarkable, as well as VCD repair. Discussion We discuss how the patient’s pneumomediastinum arose secondary to air introduced into the vagina during intercourse, which then traversed the following anatomic route: abdominal cavity, diaphragmatic hiatus, retroperitoneum, and mediastinum. Conclusion We report an unusual and delayed presentation of VCD after LAVH resulting in pneumoperitoneum and pneumomediastinum. The patient was managed surgically with exploration and VCD repair and had complete resolution of symptoms. Surgeons should understand that the risk of VCD exists as long as 8–12 weeks after surgery and VCD’s varying presentations due to anatomic connection between abdominal cavity and mediastinum.
Fiscal and Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed Nexus Natural Gas Pipeline on the City of Green, Ohio: A Case Study

In order to provide a sustainable outlet for natural gas harvested from the fracking fields of eastern Ohio, in 2015 Nexus announced plans to build 250 miles of high-pressure natural gas transmission pipeline that would run from the source into Michigan, ultimately to Ontario, Canada. The pipeline route passes through the fast-growing City of Green, Ohio, and could disrupt development plans there. The proposed path would cause the City of Green to disproportionately bear the burden of anticipated economic losses and reduction in tax revenue associated with the pipeline. Despite substantial front-loaded ad valorem taxes paid by the pipeline utility, over a 50-year period, the pipeline is projected to cause NPV fiscal losses of over $52 million, largely from foregone property and income taxes for future development.
NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT FOR INJURIES TO THE IN-SEASON THROWING SHOULDER: A CURRENT CONCEPTS REVIEW WITH CLINICAL COMMENTARY.

Repetitive overhead throwing generates tremendous demands on the shoulder joint of the overhead athlete. Clinicians, therapists, and medical staff are charged with optimizing a throwing athlete's shoulder mobility and stability to maximize performance and prevent injury. Modifiable risk factors such as strength asymmetry, glenohumeral range of motion deficits, and scapulothoracic joint abnormalities contribute to the overhead athlete's predisposition to shoulder injury. Most shoulder injuries in the overhead thrower can be successfully treated nonoperatively to allow in-season return to sport. The optimal rehabilitation program must be based on an accurate evaluation of historical and physical information as well as diagnostic imaging. Return to play decisions should be individualized and should weigh subjective assessments along with objective measurements of range of motion, strength, and function. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to summarize the current literature regarding the nonoperative treatment options for these common injuries, and to present a treatment plan to safely return these athletes to the field of play. Level of evidence 5.
A History of Giftedness: Paradigms and Paradoxes

Any field of research has its core concepts that define the nature of a set of phenomena under investigation as well as determine the methodology of studying these phenomena. In history, the term “gifted” (or “giftedness”) is not only used descriptively to characterize some superior performance or outstanding accomplishments but also explanatorily to point to certain personal qualities responsible for this kind of performance or accomplishments. As our understanding of such performance and accomplishments changes, what “gifted” means also changes. Furthermore, our view of what gifted education can do to identify or promote these qualities also changes accordingly. In this chapter, I delineate the evolution of giftedness and gifted education as one that has gone through paradigm changes since the inception of the field. Existence of multiple, competing paradigms has created paradoxes in the sense of ascribing multiple meanings to the very concept of giftedness, neither of which can be claimed correct or incorrect. I conclude the chapter by arguing that only by going beyond giftedness can we resolve the paradoxes.
Transient post-operative atrial fibrillation predicts short and long term adverse events following CABG

Objective: To assess the relationship between the development of transient post-operative atrial fibrillation (TPOAF) following coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and risk of long-term mortality. Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) following CABG is common and associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period. However the impact of TPOAF and its management on long-term morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing first time, isolated CABG surgery remains unclear. Methods: The Cleveland Clinic Cardiovascular Information Registry was used to identify 5,205 consecutive patients who underwent CABG between January 1993 and December 2005. Patients with TPOAF (n=1,490) were compared to those without post-operative AF (n=3,645) for the endpoints of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke at 1 year. Results: Overall rates of 1 year mortality, MI and stroke were 3.7%, 0.8%, and 2.6%, respectively. Patients with TPOAF had an increased risk of death at 1 year as compared to patients without POAF (6.4% vs. 2.7%; P<0.001), but there was not an increased risk of stroke or MI. Multivariate analysis identified TPOAF as an independent predictor of death at 1 year (HR 1.89, 95% CI, 1.42-2.53; P<0.001). After propensity matching, patients who developed TPOAF experienced a significantly increased risk of death compared with those without TPOAF (HR 1.96, 95% CI, 1.34-2.86; P<0.001). Conclusions: In patients undergoing first time, isolated CABG, the presence of TPOAF identifies a subgroup of patients at increased risk for all-cause mortality. Future prospective studies to determine potential beneficial interventions in this large population are warranted.
Chemical Synthesis and Processing of Nanostructured Particles and Coatings

An overview of the synthesis and processing of nanostructured particles and coatings using chemical routes is presented. Solution chemistry approaches offer advantages of the design of materials at the molecular level that can result in better homogeneity for multiphase materials, and cost-efficient bulk quantity production in many cases. Of particular importance, solution chemistry allows for the control of particle size and particle size distribution, and the control of agglomerate size and agglomerate size distribution, through effective manipulation of the parameters determining nucleation, growth and agglomeration at the molecular level. In this paper, selected examples of metallic, ceramic and hybrid materials prepared by aqueous, nonaqueous, sol-gel and surfactant mediated methods are given. The effects of the synthesis and processing conditions on the phases, microstructures, control of particle size and agglomeration, impurities incorporation, defects formation and properties are addressed.
From Stew-Eaters to Maize-Drinkers

In this paper, I consider the close correlation of dramatic changes in culinary traditions with the political development of one of the New World’s earliest expansive state societies. A comparison of Tiwanaku’s ceramic assemblages with those of its antecedents, as well as settlement pattern and household archaeology and preliminary isotopic data on diet, suggest that the Tiwanaku phenomenon was accompanied by revolutionary new patterns in food, drink, and daily domestic life. In examining these changes in the Tiwanaku core region and in its peripheries my goal is to consider the intersection of shifts in culinary traditions with changes not only in domestic and political economy, but in the social and cultural realities and identities signified by quotidian daily life. I argue that radical culinary change was a crucial aspect of the incorporation of disparate peoples into the Tiwanaku civilization. The growth of Tiwanaku as a polity and a shared corporate identity was accompanied by three simultaneous and related phenomena: 1) the development and rapid diffusion of a hitherto unseen functional assemblage dedicated to preparing and serving maize beer, 2) the successful long-term colonization of maize-producing regions, and 3) the promulgation of a shared corporate identity among confederated ethnic groups and clans linked by a common ideology. This incorporation appears to have been largely consensual, rather than coerced, and the principal culinary factor was a mania for maize beer that took root everywhere Tiwanaku influence was accepted.
Extractability of cell wall-related polysaccharides with potential bioactivity and their persistence during fermentation

Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) make an important contribution to the diet but mechanisms for their health promoting properties as immunostimulants has received limited attention. NSP, from fruit and vegetable sources in particular, are rich in pectic polysaccharides and have the potential to act as immunostimulants during gut transit. To clarify the potential for bioactivity through diet, the contribution of NSP has been considered in terms of the exposure levels to pectic polysaccharides in foods (-4g/day) and their expected behaviour and persistence during digestion and fermentation. Structural features of polysaccharides associated with bioactivity can be identified in fruits and vegetables but at low exposure levels. Chronic exposure through diet and persistence of polysaccharides during fermentation may be important to trigger immunostimulation and need to be considered when interpreting the potential for polysaccharide-based bioactivity through diet.
MacCHESS--a macromolecular diffraction resource at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source.

The Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) operates within the Wilson Synchrotron Laboratory of the Laboratory of Nuclear Studies at Cornell University. CHESS runs three beamlines at the Cornell Electron-Positron Storage Ring (CESR), which are generally operated in a parasitic mode. CHESS is a national facility funded by the National Science Foundation. MacCHESS is a biomedical technology resource to promote macromolecular diffraction at CHESS, funded by the National Institutes of Health.
Organizational Directors’ Perceptions About Awareness of Services Among Their Employees and the Older Adults They Serve:

Objectives: This study explores the extent to which directors of organizations perceive that (a) older adults are aware of and interested in using services, and (b) their employees are aware of com...
Odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis: a systematic review of the literature.

While odontogenic soft tissue infections of the head and neck are common, progression to necrotizing fasciitis is relatively rare. Necrotizing fasciitis is a potentially life-threatening and rapidly progressive soft tissue infection that can lead to significant skin and soft tissue loss, mediastinitis, vascular thrombosis or rupture, limb loss, organ failure, and death. A PubMed literature search was conducted for case reports and case series on odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis. Individual patient data was analyzed and compiled and demographic, treatment, microbiology, and mortality data were extracted. Fisher’s exact test was used to examine the relationship between death from odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis and diabetes mellitus (DM) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity. A total of 58 studies totaling 164 patients were identified. Thirty-three patients had DM and 3 were HIV +. All patients underwent aggressive surgical debridement and treatment with IV antibiotics. Twenty patients were also treated with hyperbaric oxygen. There were 16 deaths reported, for a mortality rate of 9.8%. The mortality rate among patients with DM was 30.3 and 0% among HIV positive patients. There was a statistically significant increase in the mortality rate in DM patients with odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis (p = 0.0001, odds ratio for death 9.1). Necrotizing fasciitis arising from odontogenic infection is a rapidly progressive and life-threatening illness. Prompt recognition of the infection, aggressive and often serial surgical debridement, and aggressive broad-spectrum antibiotics are necessary to prevent serious morbidity and mortality. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at a significantly increased risk of death from odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis.
Malnutrition Risk in Hospitalized Children: A Descriptive Study of Malnutrition-Related Characteristics and Development of a Pilot Pediatric Risk-Assessment Tool.

BACKGROUND Underrecognition of pediatric malnutrition may affect nutrition interventions and outcomes. Pediatric malnutrition uses more specific etiology-based criteria but lacks clarity in implementation guidelines. Study goals were to identify malnutrition and risk among hospitalized patients, characterize malnutrition risk factors, and assess reliability of criteria against outcome measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS All children 44 weeks postmenstrual age-18 years, admitted for 48 hours during a 16-day period, were included (n = 528). Trained dietitians assessed patients in physical assessments (PA), growth, energy intake, increased nutrient losses (IL), altered absorption of nutrients (AA), hypermetabolism and inflammation, laboratory information, micronutrient deficiency, and functional status. Outcome data assessed were length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, ventilation days, nutrition support, and dietitian intervention. RESULTS Malnutrition prevalence upon admission was 19.7%. Weight/length or BMI/age z-score (ZS) had no effect on LOS. AA and IL upon admission were independently associated with malnutrition (both, P<.01). Wasting and hypermetabolism were independently associated with longer LOS (P<.01). Other factors associated with longer LOS included IL and inflammation (P < .05). Those with hypermetabolism had significant ZS improvements if followed by a dietitian (P < .05). Wasting via PA was the only factor associated with longer ICU LOS (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Identification of risk factors (wasting, hypermetabolism, AA, IL) beyond anthropometrics to define malnutrition and risk is important in prioritizing care in a tertiary pediatric facility. Of great significance is the ability of dietitian-based PA to predict LOS and need for intervention.