cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First report of broad mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on commercial strawberry in Florida

SummaryDuring the past 2 strawberry-growing seasons in Florida (Oct to Mar in 2015–2016 and in 2016–2017), broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemuslatus (Banks), was found on the upper sides of young strawberry leaves and on fruit. Damage symptoms were similar to those reported from other affected crops: leaf curl, browning and yellowing of leaf tissue and bronzing of ripening fruit, but less than 1% of plants in surveyed fields appeared to be affected. Broad mites were found in 1 field in 2015–2016 but in at least 5 fields in 2016–2017, indicating a possible increase in their potential to affect strawberry. Small areas of a field treated with Oberon 2 SC (spiromesifen) were sampled for broad mites. Post-application counts were generally lower than preapplication counts, although there was a high degree of intra-plant variability in counts. Future efforts should be directed at monitoring broad mite populations and their influence in strawberry and implementing management practices, if necessary, that have been effective in other crops. Sumario Durante las ultimas 2 temporadas de la siembra de fresa en Florida (octubre a marzo del 2015-2016 y en el 2016-2017), el acaro ancho, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), se encontro en la parte inferior de las hojas jovenes y en la fruta. Los sintomas de dano fueron similares a los reportados de otros cultivos afectados: el enrollo de hojas, el bronceado y amarillamiento del tejido de las hojas y bronceado de la fruta madura, pero menos del 1% de las plantas en los campos estudiados parecian estar afectadas. Se encontro el acaro ancho en 1 campo en el 2015-2016, pero en al menos 5 campos en el 2016-2017, lo que indica un posible aumento en su potencial para afectar a la fresa. Se muestrearon pequenas areas de un campo tratado con Oberon 2 SC (spiromesifen) para detectar el acaro ancho. El conteo despues de la aplicacion fue generalmente mas bajo que el conteo antes de la aplicacion, aunque hubo un alto grado de variabilidad dentro de la planta en el conteo. Los esfuerzos futuros deben estar dirigidos a monitorear las poblaciones del acaro ancho y su influencia en la fresa y aplicar practicas de manejo, si es necesario, que han sido eficaces en otros cultivos.View this article in BioOne
Ultralow Sample Volume Cupric Sulfate Oxidation Method for the Analysis of Dissolved Lignin.

A novel cupric sulfate (CuSO4) oxidation method was developed to enable the analysis of dissolved lignin phenols in small volumes of open ocean seawater (<200 mL for deep ocean) or river water (<17 mL) samples. Dissolved lignin phenols were isolated by automated reversed-phase (octadecyl) extraction from seawater before oxidation, whereas for freshwater samples, oxidation was performed without prior extraction. Optimized reaction conditions using alkaline CuSO4 at 150 °C effectively limited losses of lignin phenols and suppressed side reactions at 5–100 μg of sample organic carbon. The method yielded up to ∼33% higher lignin phenol concentrations and 24–36% lower acid/aldehyde ratios of lignin phenols than existing CuO oxidation methods. The microscale design (200 μL reaction volume) resulted in extremely low blanks allowing accurate and precise quantification of lignin phenols. A comparison of silica-based octadecyl-bonded sorbents (C18) with copolymer-type sorbents (PPL) indicated that sorbent type affe...
The Eidos of Love

The identification and description of the “I-Thou” and of the “we” situations according to their different eidetic structures constitutes only the first two stages in von Hildebrand’s analysis of the basic types of intersubjective relationships. In addition to these, there is a third interpersonal situation that he selects for phenomenological scrutiny. This is the phenomenon of mutual love between persons.
Alternative Culture Systems

The variety of systems proposed for rearing fish appears to be limited only by the imagination. In theory, a number of systems may be applicable to catfish culture; in practice, however, commercial culture is typically conducted in large earthen ponds because presently this is the most economical method of production. The adage “Don’t fix it if it isn’t broken” doesn’t seem to apply to aquaculture, for which complicated and expensive systems are often devised for high-density fish culture at production costs greatly exceeding those normally incurred in pond culture. Certainly high-density aquaculture is desirable and has a place, but only if it is profitable. Profit associated with various intensive systems developed for culture of catfish is questionable because of very high production costs coupled with excessive start-up costs (Losordo, Easley, and Westerman 1989). When considering promotional material concerning various systems for intensive culture of fish, be cautious, exercise common sense, and be aware that production data presented for a particular system are often extrapolated from small-scale production trials and do not necessarily reflect production in commercial-size units. Ask basic questions such as power costs for aeration, nitrogen removal, heating, and pumping. If specific questions are not answered satisfactorily, consult an engineer.
Targeting PI3K Signaling in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Adhesion of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells to bone marrow stroma cells triggers intracellular signals regulating cell-adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Stromal cell protection of ALL cells has been shown to require active AKT. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), adhesion-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is reported. A novel FDA-approved PI3Kδ inhibitor, CAL-101/idelalisib, leads to downregulation of p-AKT and increased apoptosis of CLL cells. Recently, two additional PI3K inhibitors have received FDA approval. As the PI3K/AKT pathway is also implicated in adhesion-mediated survival of ALL cells, PI3K inhibitors have been evaluated preclinically in ALL. However, PI3K inhibition has yet to be approved for clinical use in ALL. Here, we review the role of PI3K in normal hematopoietic cells, and in ALL. We focus on summarizing targeting strategies of PI3K in ALL.
Comparison of Transmastoid and Middle Fossa Approaches for Superior Canal Dehiscence Repair: A Multi-institutional Study.

ObjectiveTo compare outcomes for patients undergoing a transmastoid approach versus a middle fossa craniotomy approach with plugging and/or resurfacing for repair of superior semicircular canal deh...
Parenting on the Path to the Professoriate: A Focus on Graduate Student Mothers

This study presents new findings on tenure-track job outcomes for mothers who parented children during graduate school. Using NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates (2000–2005) and Survey of Doctorate Recipients data (2000–2013), I explore how PhD mothers’ accumulation of career-related resources in graduate school influences their likelihood of attaining tenure-track jobs.
The Importance of Spatial Data to Open-Access National Archaeological Databases and the Development of Paleodemography Research

With generous support from the National Science Foundation, we have spent the past four years developing an archaeological radiocarbon database for the United States. Here, we highlight the importance of spatial data for open-access, national-scale archaeological databases and the development of paleodemography research. We propose a new method for analyzing radiocarbon time series in the context of paleoclimate models. This method forces us to confront one of the central challenges to realizing the full potential of national-scale databases: the quality of the spatial data accompanying radiocarbon dates. We seek to open a national discussion on the use of spatial data in open-source archaeological databases.
Baby Boomers’ Paths into Retirement

Baby boomers—comprised of persons born between 1946 and 1964—made up almost one-third of the US population in 2010, the year that the first baby boomers reached retirement age. The baby boom generation is increasingly dominating the older segment of the population. However, we have not yet thoroughly analyzed whether the baby boom generation will follow the migration preferences of older cohorts. This research focuses on how the nexus of aging, migration, and income plays out for the older population, with a particular emphasis on the baby boom generation. The results show a distinct North-South disparity through spatial income redistribution due to elderly migration. We find that—in terms of net income gains—the winners of retirement migration are states located in the West and South, whereas the interior and the East Coast are losing net income. Older persons’ migration across interstate boundaries creates this stark income gain disparity because it is a highly selective process. Those choosing to move out of state are predominantly white, affluent, and better educated persons. Importantly, we also find a strong positive association between income and interstate moves for the baby boomers, but not for the WWII generation. The income selectivity and the associated spatial income redistribution will become stronger in the future when baby boomers become more and more dominant among the older population
Incidence and Predictors of Flares in the Postpartum Year Among Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background The postpartum period is marked by physiological and psychological stresses that may impact activity in inflammatory bowel disease. The predictors and outcomes of disease activity during this period have not been well characterized. Methods We performed a retrospective review of inflammatory bowel disease patients who underwent successful pregnancy and live birth at 2 referral institutions. Data on patient and disease factors including disease activity before and during pregnancy were abstracted from the medical records. We noted whether therapy was dose-reduced or stopped during pregnancy at each trimester and after delivery. Multivariable logistic regression of independent predictors of postpartum flare was performed, adjusting for relevant covariates. Results We identified a total of 206 eligible women (mean age, 33.2 years). Of these, 97 (47%) had a diagnosis of Crohn's disease, whereas the remainder had ulcerative colitis. Nearly half the women delivered vaginally (53%), and the rest delivered by Caesarean section (47%). In the entire cohort, 65 (31.6%) experienced a postpartum flare within the year after delivery. In multivariable analysis, development of a postpartum flare was predicted by disease activity during the third trimester (odds ratio [OR], 6.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.81-17.27), therapy de-escalation during pregnancy (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.03-8.68), and therapy de-escalation after pregnancy (OR, 4.43; 95% CI, 1.55-12.65). Postpartum disease flare was not related to disease type, duration of disease, or mode of childbirth. Conclusions One-third of women with inflammatory bowel disease may experience disease flare during the postpartum year. Continued optimization of therapy before, during, and after pregnancy is essential to prevent this morbidity.
Narrow pulse pressure is independently associated with massive transfusion and emergent surgery in hemodynamically stable trauma patients.

Abstract Introduction Narrow pulse pressure (PP) is a sign of Class-II hemorrhage, but its clinical relevance is unknown. We hypothesized narrow PP is related to significant transfusion and need for emergent surgery. Methods Hemodynamically stable (SBP >/ = 90 mmHg) trauma patients were retrospectively reviewed. Narrow PP patients ( / = 40 mmHg). Outcomes included need for significant transfusion (>/ = 10 units) and emergent cavitary surgery. Results From 18,978 hemodynamically stable trauma patients admitted, 13% had narrow PP. They statistically required more massive transfusion, emergent surgery, or both (p Conclusion In hemodynamically stable trauma patients, narrow PP is independently associated with three-fold increase in significant transfusion need and two-fold increase in emergent surgery need. Early identification of these patients may lead to more accurate and optimal intervention.
Artificial Intelligence in Developing Countries

Al applications are tackling economic and social challenges facing developing countries. Economically speaking, Al possesses unique mechanisms that allow it to have significant impacts on economic productivity. While developing countries may experience a decline in outsourcing jobs from developed countries, the potential negative impact of such decline can be minimized by appropriate policy to deploy Al solutions. The true potential of Al comes from the ability to complement as well as enhance traditional factors of production.
Ethical and Medico-Legal Issues in Injury Management and Return to Sport in Basketball

Unlike many traditional doctor–patient relationships, the sports medicine physician has a unique association with their patient due to the underlying team dynamic. This exclusive relationship is often termed the doctor–patient–team triad (NCAA 2014–2015 sports medicine handbook. 25th ed. 2014. http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/MD15.pdf. Accessed 7 July 2019). This doctor–patient–team creates ethical and medico-legal dilemmas regarding confidentiality, conflicts of interest, and return to play. The standards of care for providing medical services in sports medicine are constantly changing but sports medicine legal cases focus on two things: (1) Did the practitioner know the proper professional standards when providing medical care (i.e., is the physician CPR certified)? (2) Did the practitioner perform the standard of care (i.e., can the physician perform CPR in the event of an emergency)?
Discovery of an ultraspecific triuret hydrolase (TrtA) establishes the triuret biodegradation pathway

Triuret (carbonyldiurea) is an impurity found in industrial urea fertilizer (<0.1% w/w) that is applied, worldwide, around 300 million pounds each year on agricultural lands. In addition to anthropogenic sources, endogenous triuret has been identified in amoeba and human urine, the latter being diagnostic for hypokalemia. The present study is the first to describe the metabolic breakdown of triuret, which funnels into biuret metabolism. We identified the gene responsible for triuret decomposition (trtA) in bacterial genomes, clustered with biuH, which encodes biuret hydrolase and has close protein sequence homology. TrtA is a member of the isochorismatase-like hydrolase (IHL) protein family, similarly to BiuH, and has a catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of 6 x 105 M-1s-1, a KM for triuret of 20 μM, and exquisite substrate specificity. Indeed, TrtA has four orders of magnitude less activity with biuret. Crystal structures of TrtA in apo and holo form were solved and compared with the BiuH structure. The high substrate selectivity was found to be conveyed by second shell residues around each active site. Mutagenesis of residues conserved in TrtA to the alternate consensus found in BiuHs revealed residues critical to triuret hydrolase activity but no single mutant evolved more biuret activity, and likely a combination of mutations is required to interconvert between TrtA, BiuH functions. TrtA-mediated triuret metabolism is relatively rare in recorded genomes (1-2%), but is largely found in plant-associated, nodulating, and endophytic bacteria. This study suggests functions for triuret hydrolase in certain eukaryotic intermediary processes and prokaryotic intermediary or biodegradative metabolism.
Relativistic three-particle quantization condition for nondegenerate scalars

The formalism relating the relativistic three-particle infinite-volume scattering amplitude to the finite-volume spectrum has been developed thus far only for identical or degenerate particles. We provide the generalization to the case of three nondegenerate scalar particles with arbitrary masses. A key quantity in this formalism is the quantization condition, which relates the spectrum to an intermediate K matrix. We derive three versions of this quantization condition, each a natural generalization of the corresponding results for identical particles. In each case we also determine the integral equations relating the intermediate K matrix to the three-particle scattering amplitude, ${\mathcal{M}}_{3}$. The version that is likely to be most practical involves a single Lorentz-invariant intermediate K matrix, ${\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\mathcal{K}}}_{\mathrm{df},3}$. The other versions involve a matrix of K matrices, with elements distinguished by the choice of which initial and final particles are the spectators. Our approach should allow a straightforward generalization of the relativistic approach to all other three-particle systems of interest.
Importance of Long-lifetime n-GaInP for High-efficiency GaInP Solar Cells Grown by MBE

We present a systematic photoluminescence (PL) study on the effects of doping and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) conditions on n- and p-GaInP double-heterostructures (DHs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The steady-state photoluminescence (SSPL) intensity of lightly doped n- and p-GaInP both improve significantly after RTA, while in contrast, heavily doped n-GaInP degrades sharply with RTA. Front-junction (FJ) GaInP cells with this heavily doped $n$ -GaInP emitter were severely damaged after RTA, as expected. Replacing the emitter with lightly doped $n$ -GaInP may help to alleviate the degradation and lead to improved MBE-grown GaInP solar cells.
Mark Solms’ Project

Mark Solms’ revision of Freud’s (1895) Project re-represents a dynamic, biologically plausible, mathematically tractable model of mind. “The intention is to furnish a psychology that shall be a nat...
Case Reports on the Failure of Smoking Marijuana to Prevent Relapse to Use of Opiates in Adolescents/Young Adults With Opiate Use Disorder

Abstract Twenty-six adolescent/young adult patients with opioid use disorder smoked marijuana in an attempt to avoid relapse to opiate use. In each case, smoking marijuana increased cravings and urges for opiates and promoted opiate relapse. These clinical case reports show that smoking marijuana was not helpful as a harm reduction strategy to prevent return to opioids in young people with OUD.
Vaccine for yourself, your community, or your country? Examining audiences' response to distance framing of COVID-19 vaccine messages.

Abstract Objective This study explored the effects of COVID-19 vaccine promotion messages highlighting the benefit at individual, community, and country levels. Based on the cultural theory of risks, we investigated how individuals’ valuation of individualism vs. communitarianism and hierarchical vs. egalitarian social structure affect their responses to vaccine messages. Methods An online experiment (N = 702) with four video message conditions (individual-centered, community-centered, country-centered, and no message) was conducted. Participants were asked about their cultural cognition worldview, then were randomly assigned to view one message. Participants also reported their willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines and support for vaccine mandate. Results Respondents were more likely to get vaccinated and support vaccine mandates after viewing an individual-centered message, less with a community-centered message. Individuals who value individualism were more likely to respond positively to individual-centered messages, but those who believe more in communitarianism value were less likely. Conclusion Results showed that individuals are motivated selectively to respond to certain claims that cohere with their worldview and therefore respond differently to vaccine benefit frames. Practice Implications The results point to the importance of understanding audiences’ worldviews. By identifying this process through hierarchical and individualistic values, properly designed health promotion messages can maximize the desired outcomes.
Neuroticism and Extraversion Are Related to Changes in Postural Stability During Anatomically-Related Cognitive Tasks

The relationship between personality and postural stability has received little attention. This study addressed whether neuroticism and extraversion correlate with changes in postural stability while performing cognitive tasks related to brain regions selectively associated with neuroticism and extraversion. Thirty-two adults stood on a foam mat in tandem stance and completed a 2-back task and a weather prediction task (WPT). As predicted, higher neuroticism was related to increased dual task sway during the 2-back task, r = 0.40, p = 0.023, and lower extraversion was related to increased dual task sway during the WPT, r = -0.43, p = 0.013, suggesting that personality is related to postural stability in healthy young adults and that personality could be considered in the prediction and treatment of individuals with balance difficulties.
Filtering Facepiece Respirator Supply Chain Management Framework Under a Disaster Such as COVID-19

When contagious respiratory diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019, break out, the public can curb the spread of the diseases by wearing filtering facepiece respirators until vaccines and treatments are developed. It is a formidable task for supply chain managers to satisfy the demand; however, the demand for filtering facepiece respirators has been immense and continuous during the pandemic. This research provides a conceptual framework with implementable supply chain management strategies to cope with the surging demand. Our framework is based on the disaster management cycle.
Progress towards vertical transport study of proton-irradiated InAs/GaSb type-II strained-layer superlattice materials for space-based infrared detectors using magnetoresistance measurements

InAs/GaSb type-II strained-layer superlattice (T2SLS) materials are being considered for space-based infrared detector applications. However, an inadequate understanding of the role of carrier transport, specifically the vertical mobility, in the radiation tolerance of T2SLS detectors remains. Here, progress towards a vertical transport study of proton-irradiated, p-type InAs/GaSb T2SLS materials using magnetoresistance measurements is reported. Measurements in the growth direction of square mesas formed from InAs/GaSb superlattice material were performed using two distinct contact geometries in a Kelvin mode setup at variable magnetic fields, ranging from -9 T to 9 T, and temperatures, ranging from 5 K and 300 K. The results here suggested multi-carrier conduction and a field-dependent series resistance from the contact layer were present. The implications of these results and the plans for future magnetoresistance measurements on proton-irradiated T2SLS materials are discussed.
CORRELATION BETWEEN GENETIC TRANSFORMABILITY AND NON-PHOTOREACTIVABILITY IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS.

Kelner, Albert (Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass.). Correlation between genetic transformability and nonphotoreactivability in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 87:1295–1303. 1964.—Photoreactivation after ultraviolet irradiation was studied in the transformable Bacillus subtilis SB-1. Moderate photoreactivability (maximal increase in survival due to photoreactivating light, five- to tenfold) was found in (i) noncompetent vegatative cells produced in Brain Heart Infusion broth, and in (ii) the total viable cells of a competent culture grown in special competency-producing medium and tested either just before or after transformation with deoxyribonucleic acid. However, no, or only trace, photoreactivation (maximal increase in survival, 1.5- to 2-fold) was found in that fraction of a competent culture actually able to be transformed. This nonphotoreactivability was a temporary property of transformable cells, since clones derived from them were normally photoreactivable. Nonphotoreactivability is not explained by injury to transformants caused by photoreactivating light, although transformants are killed by very large doses of light. The findings in B. subtilis strengthen the idea that transformability is generally correlated with nonphotoreactivability.
Local, Open Economies Within the US: How Do Industries Respond to Immigration?

A series of studies has found that relative wages and employment rates in different local labor markets of the US are surprisingly unaffected by local factor supplies. This paper evaluates two explanations for this puzzling empirical fact: (1) Interregional trade mitigates the local impact of supply shocks. (2) Production technology rapidly adapts to the local mix of workers. I test these alternative explanations by estimating the effect of increases in relative supplies of particular skill groups on the relative growth rates of different industries and on the relative utilization of these skill groups within industries. Labor supply shocks are identified with a component of foreign immigration driven by the historical regional settlement patterns of immigrants from different countries. Using establishment-level output and capital stock data from the Longitudinal Research Database, augmented with employment and labor force data from the 1980 and 1990 Censuses of Population, changes in local labor supply during the 1980s are shown to have had little influence on local industry mix. Instead, citywide increases in the relative supply of a particular skill group lead to increases in relative factor intensity, with little or no effect on relative wages. These patterns suggest that industries adapt their use of labor inputs to local supplies, as predicted by theoretical models of endogenous technological change. Consistent with this interpretation, on-the-job computer use expanded most rapidly over the 1980s in cities where the relative supply of educated labor grew fastest.
The muscle satellite cell: a review.

Since the first reports of satellite cells in 1961, considerable knowledge has accumulated concerning their phylogenetic distribution and their location, morphology, and function. There is no doubt that satellite cells are capable of undergoing mitosis and that they have considerable motility. These cells function as the progenitors of the myofiber nuclei that must be added during normal (postnatal) growth of muscle. In muscle undergoing or attempting to undergo regeneration, the satellite cell functions as a myogenic stem cell to produce myoblasts that line up and fuse within the scaffolding of the remnant basal lamina or migrate into the interstitium to produce neofibers . A number of problems remain to be solved concerning the regulation of satellite cell function. At this time it is equivocable whether or not the presumptive myoblast and the satellite cell are functionally identical and at the same stage of myogenic differentiation. Apparently there is species variation in terms of the ability of myotubes from embryonic myogenic cells and satellite cells to synthesize protein. The mechanism(s) by which a wide variety of stimuli activate satellite cells is not known, nor is the mechanism(s) by which satellite cells become inactive during the latter stages of growth and adulthood known. Mitogenic factors are present in damaged muscle; but the specific characteristics of these factors and their mechanism of activation are also unknown. Hormones are certainly involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of myogenic cells, but whether presumptive myoblasts and satellite cells or their myotubes respond similarly to hormones in culture has not been adequately examined. Greater understanding of these mechanisms will increase the possibility of total muscle recovery from severe injury or disease. Such knowledge would also have particular application to the production of meat animals and to a greater understanding of the growth process in general.
Synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties of Fe/Pt core-shell nanoparticles

Structural and magnetic properties of Fe/Pt core-shell nanostructure prepared by a sequential reduction process are reported. Transmission electron microscopy shows nearly spherical particles fitting a lognormal size distribution with Do = 3.0 nm and distribution width λD = 0.31. In x-ray diffraction, Bragg lines only from the Pt shell are clearly identified with line-widths yielding crystallite size = 3.1 nm. Measurements of magnetization M vs. T (2 K–350 K) in magnetic fields up to 90 kOe show a blocking temperature TB = 13 K below which hysteresis loops are observed with coercivity HC increasing with decreasing T reaching HC = 750 Oe at 2 K. Temperature dependence of the ac susceptibilities at frequencies fm = 10 Hz–5 kHz is measured to determine the change in TB with fm using the Vogel-Fulcher law. This analysis shows the presence of significant interparticle interaction, the Neel-Brown relaxation frequency fo = 5.3 × 1010 Hz and anisotropy constant Ka = 3.6 × 106 ergs/cm3. A fit of the M vs. H data u...
The Utah Text Retrieval Project: a status report

The Utah Text Retrieval Project addresses a number of areas in information retrieval, including basic system structure, user interfaces integrating information retrieval with word processing, indexing techniques, and the use of specialized backend processors. Although the work on the development of a high-speed text search engine is generally the best known, probably the most exciting aspect of the project is the message-based architecture, which provides an adaptable testbed for information retrieval techniques. It can support a variety of index and search strategies, while instrumenting their performance so that they can be accurately compared in an identical environment.This paper describes the goals and design decisions for the Utah Retrieval System Architecture (URSA). It discusses the prototype system's features and limitations, and the changes that will be made to produce the production version.
Economies, Human Capital, and Natural Assets

Human capital concerns are used to structure links between the economy and the environment. Suggestions for empirical work to explore these structures are provided. Particular attention is devoted to connections between environmental hazards and influences upon parents’ decisions to invest in forming children's human capital.
BEYOND THE IVORY TOWER: Constructing Complexity in the Digital Age

Digital technology allows architects to reduce reliance upon standardization and repetition, and to produce designs that respond more sensitively to varied conditions and needs.
Sensitive biuret method for determination of protein in an impure system such as whole bacteria.

Abstract A modified biuret assay has been developed that is more sensitive and is not subject to interference as is the case with either the usual procedure or other published variations. It can be used with whole bacteria as well as with pure proteins. The absorbance of the copper-peptide complex is measured at 330 nm, where nucleic acids do not absorb, and in the presence of adequate base and ammonium ions so that there is no interference by small amounts of acid, base, and buffer or ammonium ions. The protein of whole bacteria can be determined by lysing the cells and correcting for the residual turbidity in either of several ways. The method can be applied without miniaturization in the range of 0.25–7.5 mg protein.
Acoustic phonon quantization in buried waveguides and resonators

Starting from a classical Hamiltonian for nonhomogeneous elastic media, a procedure is developed for acoustic phonon quantization in resonators as well as linear and planar waveguides. The formalism is illustrated in an example of acoustic phonon modes in a buried cylindrical waveguide. The deformation potential Hamiltonian for electron - acoustic phonon interaction is also obtained.
A review of the evidence from family, twin and adoption studies for a genetic contribution to adult psychiatric disorders

Family, twin and adoption studies have provided major evidence for the role of genetics in numerous psychiatric disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. As the search for patterns of inheritance and candidate genes of these complex disorders continues, we review relevant findings from quantitative genetic studies and outline the main challenges for the field of psychiatric genetics to focus on in order to more definitively establish the underpinnings of genetic and environmental influences of adult psychopathology.
Polyphagy, flightlessness, and reproductive output of females: a case study with bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)

Abstract 1. We evaluated the relation between plant-mediated larval traits and the fitness of female bagworms, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haworth (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) by sampling 29 populations of bagworms on five plant genera (Thuja, Pinus, Picea, Juniperus, and Gleditsia). 2. Compared with those on other genera of plants, female larvae on Thuja attained a larger size at pupation and developed faster. The superior quality of Thuja as a larval food plant resulted in a higher potential fitness of females, as indicated by a low level of pupal mortality and high fecundity. 3. The fecundity of females increased with pupal size on different plant genera, and the effect of host plant genus was negligible compared with pupal size. 4. The mating success of females varied among different populations (0–37% unmated females), but neither host plant, emergence time, nor the size of females had a significant influence on the proportion of mated females. 5. The conversion of adult biomass into reproductive tissue, measured as the ratio between the biomass of eggs divided by the biomass of calling females, increased with the pupal size of females and approached 90% for large females. The high rate of egg conversion in bagworms may be related to the neoteny of short-lived females that invest little in somatic tissue.
Metabolism of Tryptophan to Nicotinic Acid Derivatives by Women taking Oestrogen–Progestogen Preparations

WOMEN who are taking oestrogen–progestogen preparations to control ovulation, and subjects ingesting oestrogens alone, excrete grossly increased quantities of xanthurenic acid1 and other tryptophan metabolites2,3 in urine collected after the administration of an oral dose of L-tryptophan. This abnormality in part resembles the disturbance of tryptophan metabolism which occurs in pregnancy4. There is one significant difference in that, while the excretion of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-pyridone) is increased in pregnancy, it has been found to be normal in women taking the oestrogen–progestogen preparation ‘Enovid-E’ (0.1 mg of mestranol and 2.5 mg of norethynodrel, Searle and Co.)3.
Bacteria and nematodes in the conjunctiva of mule deer from Wyoming and Utah.

Swabs of conjunctiva were collected from 44 live and 226 hunter-harvested mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from Wyoming and Utah (USA). We identified 29 Gram negative and 22 Gram positive bacterial taxonomic categories, but many isolates from hunter-harvested animals were environmental contaminants. Staphylococcus spp. and Micrococcus spp. were the most common Gram positive bacteria isolated, and Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas spp. were common Gram negative bacteria isolated. Thelazia californiensis were found in 15% of hunter-harvested deer in Utah in 1994 and in 8% in 1995. Nematodes were found in 40% of live deer in 1995 and 66% in 1996. Three live animals showed clinical signs of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) in 1996, but pathogenic bacteria were not isolated from these individuals. Hemolytic, non-piliated Moraxella ovis was isolated from two clinically normal live deer in 1996 and isolates were similar to those cultured from IKC cases from Wyoming and Utah.
Bauhaus Hausfraus: Gender Formation In Design Education

Abstract This essay examines the crisis of masculinity at the Bauhaus and links it to a broader crisis in patriarchy after the First World War. Bauhaus reminiscences and depictions of Bauhaus students and buildings in the catalog of the 1938 MoMA Bauhaus exhibition show a re-enactment of war trauma in Bauhaus theatre and festivals. These and other experiments led to radical and subsequently conservative revisions of masculine identity. The paper suggests that the construction of a new disciplinary identity through institutional and media reproduction rather than its economically limited innovations in mass production forms the real legacy of the Bauhaus for the twentieth century. The essay draws heavily on personal statements by Bauhaus students and masters, and juxtaposes these with theoretical analyses of masculine formation. This technique at least in part allows for the theorists and historical subjects to speak for themselves.
d(scientist)/dt

To illuminate the roots and development of science in the Western tradition, the authors "examine how students of nature ... have understood and represented their work."
Multiple forms of tyrosinase in rodents and lagomorphs with special reference to their genetic control in mice.

Polyacrylamide gel electropherograms of extracts of pigmented hair bulbs from rodents and lagomorphs indicate that tyrosinase exists in multiple molecular forms. Allelic substitutions at the a, b, c, d, and p color loci in mice reveal that the multiple forms of tyrosinase are subject to complex genetic influences. Depending upon genic constitution, a maximum of three electrophoretically-separable forms of tyrosinase (T1 = 80,000 m. w.; T2 = 62,000 m. w.; T3 = 66,000 m. w.) can be visualized by incubation of the polyacrylamide gels in L-DOPA. In certain genotypes of mice, T1, T2, and T3 are either greatly reduced in activity or absent. Urea, SDS, and EDTA fail to dissociate tyrosinase suggesting that the multiple molecular forms of tyrosinase are not simple aggregates of monomeric subunits stabilized by non-covalent bonds. Tyrosinase corresponding in mobility to the T1 of mice is also found in hair bulb extracts from black rats, black rabbits, gerbils and golden Syrian hamsters. The T2 and T3 components are distinct in the black rat but are represented by a single “T2-T3” band in the gerbil, hamster and rabbit. An additional T0 band is found in the black rat. Available evidence suggests that T1 of comparable electrophoretic mobility is widely distributed in mammals and may be an additional indication of an underlying broad homology of pigmentary genes. At present, it is not certain whether the multiple forms of tyrosinase are “true” isozymes or a single enzymic moiety bound to structural components of the melanosomal matrix.
The free vibrations of inhomogeneous elastic cylinders and spheres

Abstract The variational statement, governing equations and corresponding Ritz approximations are derived in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates for the evaluation of the natural frequencies of free vibrations of elastic cylinders and spheres. The formulation can account for orthotropic material symmetry, and can be applied to either solid or hollow geometries. The approximating functions selected for the displacement components depend on the geometry and coordinate system used to describe the problem, and are a combination of power series. Fourier series and spherical harmonics. Representative examples are given in the various coordinate systems for both the cylinder and the sphere. In general, excellent agreement is found with results obtained by other methods.
Measuring the Effectiveness of a Collaborative for Quality Improvement in Pediatric Asthma Care: Does Implementing the Chronic Care Model Improve Processes and Outcomes of Care?

Objective.— To examine whether a collaborative to improve pediatric asthma care positively influenced processes and outcomes of that care. Methods.— Medical record abstractions and patient/parent interviews were used to make pre- and postintervention comparisons of patients at 9 sites that participated in the evaluation of a Breakthrough Series (BTS) collaborative for asthma care with patients at 4 matched control sites. Setting.— Thirteen primary care clinics. Patients.— Three hundred eighty-five asthmatic children who received care at an intervention clinic and 126 who received care at a control clinic (response rate=76%). Intervention.— Three 2-day educational sessions for quality improvement teams from participating sites followed by 3 "action" periods over the course of a year. Results.— The overall process of asthma care improved significantly in the intervention group but remained unchanged in the control group (change in process score +13% vs 0%; P P P = .001). Patients in the intervention group had better general health-related quality of life (scale score 80 vs 77; P = .05) and asthma-specific quality of life related to treatment problems (scale score 89 vs 85; P Conclusions.— The intervention improved some important aspects of processes of care that have previously been linked to better outcomes. Patients who received care at intervention clinics also reported higher general and asthma-specific quality of life.
Effects of noradrenergic denervation on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and its treatment by α- and β-adrenergic receptor antagonists in hemiparkinsonian rats.

Abstract While L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) remains the standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), long-term efficacy is often compromised by L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Recent research suggests that targeting the noradrenergic (NE) system may provide relief from both PD and LID, however, most PD patients exhibit NE loss which may modify response to such strategies. Therefore this investigation aimed to characterize the development and expression of LID and the anti-dyskinetic potential of the α2- and β-adrenergic receptor antagonists idazoxan and propranolol, respectively, in rats receiving 6-OHDA lesions with (DA lesion) or without desipramaine protection (DA + NE lesion). Male Sprague–Dawley rats (N = 110) received unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Fifty-three rats received desipramine to protect NE neurons (DA lesion) and 57 received no desipramine reducing striatal and hippocampal NE content 64% and 86% respectively. In experiment 1, the development and expression of L-DOPA-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) and rotations were examined. L-DOPA efficacy using the forepaw adjusting steps (FAS) test was also assessed in DA- and DA + NE-lesioned rats. In experiment 2, DA- and DA + NE-lesioned rats received pre-treatments of idazoxan or propranolol followed by L-DOPA after which the effects of these adrenergic compounds were observed. Results demonstrated that moderate NE loss reduced the development and expression of AIMs and rotations but not L-DOPA efficacy while anti-dyskinetic efficacy of α2- and β-adrenergic receptor blockade was maintained. These findings suggest that the NE system modulates LID and support the continued investigation of adrenergic compounds for the improved treatment of PD.
The sydnone ring as an ortho-director of lithiation. 2.1 Dilithiation of 3-phenylsydnone and regiospecific -aryl acylation using N-methoxy-N-methylamides

Abstract Readily available 3-phenylsydnone ( 1 ) reacts with n -butyllithium/TMEDA to form the dilithio species 2 which can be regiospecifically acylated at the ortho -aryl position using N-methoxy-N-methylamides (Weinreb's amides).
Reform of Chinese kindergartens: the preparation of kindergarten teachers

ABSTRACT Described are past and present changes in the preparation of kindergarten teachers in China, where kindergarten attendance is not compulsory and kindergarten programs are not universally available. Discussion focuses on (1) historical developments in, and current status of, ChineSe kindergartens; (2) preparation of early childhood personnel, including teacher training in general and, specifically, kindergarten normal School education, which combines general high school education and teacher preparation for girls; (3) observations made during visits to several different kindergarten teacher training programs, including a kindergarten normal school, a kindergarten normal class in a middle school, and a kindergarten normal college; and (4) concerns of normal school personnel from several provinces who_attended a university seminar. Concluding remarks focus on directions for reform in Chinese kindergarten teacher education. Appendices provide an English trantlation of a draft of a curriculum plan for trial use by an early childhood education normal middle school enrolling female graduates of junior high school. Related charts of course offerings for 3-year and 4-year programs are also included. (RH)
CRISPR-engineered mosaicism rapidly reveals that loss of Kcnj13 function in mice mimics human disease phenotypes

The era of genomics has demanded the development of more efficient and timesaving approaches to validate gene function in disease. Here, we utilized the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate Kcnj13 mutant mice by zygote injection to verify the pathogenic role of human KCNJ13, mutations of which are thought to cause Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), an early-onset form of blindness. We found that complete loss of Kcnj13 is likely postnatal lethal. Among surviving F0-generation mice examined, 80% show mosaic KCNJ13 expression in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Mosaic expression correlates with decreased response to light and photoreceptor degeneration, indicating that Kcnj13 mutant mice mimic human KCNJ13-related LCA disease. Importantly, mosaic animals enable us to directly compare Kcnj13 mutant and wild-type RPE cells in the same eye. We found that RPE cells lacking KCNJ13 protein still survive but overlying photoreceptors exhibit cell degeneration. At the same time, wild-type RPE cells can rescue neighboring photoreceptor cells that overlie mutant RPE cells. These results suggest that KCNJ13 expression is required for RPE cells to maintain photoreceptor survival. Moreover, we show that CRISPR-Cas9 engineered mosaicism can be used to rapidly test candidate gene function in vivo.
Reaction coordinate of a functional model of tyrosinase: spectroscopic and computational characterization.

The μ-η2:η2-peroxodicopper(II) complex synthesized by reacting the Cu(I) complex of the bis-diamine ligand N,N′-di-tert-butyl-ethylenediamine (DBED) with O2 is a functional and spectroscopic model of the coupled binuclear copper protein tyrosinase. This complex reacts with 2,4-di-tert-butylphenolate at low temperature to produce a mixture of the catechol and quinone products, which proceeds through three intermediates (A−C) that have been characterized. A, stabilized at 153 K, is characterized as a phenolate-bonded bis-μ-oxo dicopper(III) species, which proceeds at 193 K to B, presumably a catecholate-bridged coupled bis-copper(II) species via an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism wherein aromatic ring distortion is the rate-limiting step. Isotopic labeling shows that the oxygen inserted into the aromatic substrate during hydroxylation derives from dioxygen, and a late-stage ortho-H+ transfer to an exogenous base is associated with C−O bond formation. Addition of a proton to B produces C, deter...