cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Family Affair: Latinas’ Narratives of Substance Use and Recovery

The purpose of this study was to explore factors that influence Latinas’ drug use and recovery process. Fourteen Latinas participated in in-depth interviews. Findings reveal that their families were at the heart of their stories, playing exacerbating or protective roles. Latinas whose family had a history of substance use encountered more challenges in their recovery process, as they had to break ties from unsupportive family members and had less support available, and were more likely to internalize negative stereotypes of Latinos as drug users. Latinas with no familial history of use received tremendous support (i.e., emotional, instrumental, and family members involved in treatment) from their family. They tended to challenge negative stereotypes of Latinos as drug users. Recommendations for improving services for this population include using peer mentoring groups, culturally grounded activities and interventions, and identifying supportive family and networks members to facilitate the recovery process.
Factors influencing the formation of some characteristic fragment ions in the mass spectra of 16‐trimethylsilyloxy androstanes

The mass spectra of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of several steroids containing a 16-hydroxy function are presented. The mechanisms giving rise to various characteristic fragment ions were investigated with the aid of deuterium and 18O-labeling.
Selecting a family therapy model: the role of personality attributes in eclectic practice*

The expanding knowledge and skill bases within the interdisciplinary family therapy profession pose a significant challenge for evolving practitioners, at whatever stage along the professional development process they find themselves. This challenge raises a basic question regarding whether there are any constraining forces to the level of eclecticism in practice towards which one can aspire. This paper empirically explores the role played by the personality attributes of the family therapist in facilitating and/or inhibiting one's adherence to a variety of approaches to family practice.
Series solution for transient thermal blooming of an axi-symmetric laser beam

Self-defocussing of an intense laser beam propagating through an initially quiescent compressible gas is investigated. The dependent variables are sought as Taylor series expansions involving the two space coordinates and the time, and the resulting recurrence relations are solved by digital computer. The beam is found to distort substantially as it propagates, but is not affected significantly by gravity when aimed vertically.
Non-local yield limit degradation

Presented is a new type of a non-local continuum model which avoids problems of convergence at mesh refinement and spurious mesh sensitivity in a softening continuum characterized by degradation of the yield limit. The key idea, which has recently been proposed in a general context and has already been applied to softening damage due to stiffness degradation, is to apply the non-local concept only to those parameters which cause the degradation while keeping the definition of the strains local. Compared to the previously advanced fully non-local continuum formulation, the new approach has the advantage that the stresses are subjected to the standard differential equations of equilibrium and standard boundary or interface conditions. The new formulation exhibits no zero-energy periodic modes, imbrication of finite elements is unnecessary and finite elements with standard continuity requirements are sufficient. Two-dimensional finite element solutions with up to 3248 degrees of freedom are presented to document convergence and efficacy. The formulation is applied to tunnel excavation in a soil stabilized by cement grouting, with the objective of preventing cave-in (burst) of the tunnel sides due to compression softening.
Previously apparently undescribed syndrome: Shallow orbits, ptosis, coloboma, trigonocephaly, gyral malformations, and mental and growth retardation

We describe 2 children with severe ptosis, trigonocephaly, broad nasal bridge, and major brain malformation. A total of 8 children have been reported who share most of these findings. Two of the individuals have had identical pericentric inversions involving chromosome 2p12-q14. These cases appear to represent a unique malformation syndrome.
Individual differences in the effects of retrieval from long-term memory

Abstract The current study examined individual differences in the effects of retrieval from long-term memory (i.e., the testing effect). The effects of retrieving from memory make tested information more accessible for future retrieval attempts. Despite the broad applied ramifications of such a potent memorization technique there is a paucity of research tailored toward scrutinizing variability in the effect. Multiple measures of working memory capacity, attention control, episodic memory, and general-fluid intelligence were collected in addition to performance in a standard paired-associate testing task. A testing effect was observed and there was a great deal of individual variability in the magnitude of the effect. This variability was best accounted for by memory and intelligence constructs. Furthermore, the pattern of results is consistent with the notion that students with poor memory abilities and lower general-fluid intelligence benefit more so from testing memory than high ability students.
Electronic Transport in Metal Nanocrystal Arrays: The Effect of Structural Disorder on Scaling Behavior

We investigate the impact of structural disorder on electronic transport in gold nanocrystal monolayers. Arrays ranging from void-filled networks to well-ordered superlattices show clear voltage thresholds VT due to Coulomb blockade, and temperature-independent conduction indicative of quantum tunneling. Current-voltage characteristics of arrays with and without long-range structural order were found to collapse onto distinct scaling curves. The former follow a single power law: I V 2 VT z , z 2.25 6 0.1. The latter show additional structure, reflecting the underlying disordered topology.
Applying feedback control to a replica management system

Many modern storage systems used for large-scale scientific systems are multiple use, independently administrated clusters or grids. A common technique to gain storage reliability over a long period of time is the creation of data replicas on multiple servers, but in the presence of server failures, ongoing corrective action must be taken to prevent the loss of high value and low value data. Such a system is difficult to control, and replica management is typically handled in an ad hoc manner. In this work, we claim that repairing prioritized faults is a scheduling problem, founded on the need to minimize a risk-based error function, E. Citing experiments on a prototype replica system for molecular simulations, we apply concepts from control system theory to analyze and handle the application of corrective action.
Motion of the mantle in the translational modes of the Earth and Mercury

Slichter modes refer to the translational motion of the inner core with respect to the outer core and the mantle. The polar Slichter mode is the motion of the inner core along the axis of rotation. Busse presented an analysis of the polar mode which yielded an expression for its period. Busse's analysis included the assumption that the mantle was stationary. This approximation is valid for planets with small inner cores, such as the Earth whose inner core is about 1/60 of the total planet mass. On the other hand, many believe that Mercury's core may be enormous. If so, the motion of the mantle should be expected to produce a significant effect. We present a formal framework for including the motion of the mantle in the analysis of the translational motion of the inner core. We analyze the effect of the motion of the mantle on the Slichter modes for a non-rotating planet with an inner core of arbitrary size. We omit the effects of viscosity in the outer core, magnetic effects, and solid tides. Our approach is perturbative and is based on a linearization of Euler's equations for the motion of the fluid and Newton's second law for the motion of the inner core. We find an analytical expression for the period of the Slichter mode. Our result agrees with Busse's in the limiting case of small inner core. We present the unexpected result that even for Mercury the motion of the mantle does not significantly change the period of oscillation.
Teaching Courses Online: A Review of the Research

This literature review summarizes research on online teaching and learning. It is organized into four topics: course environment, learners’ outcomes, learners’ characteristics, and institutional and administrative factors. The authors found little consistency of terminology, discovered some conclusive guidelines, and identified developing lines of inquiry. The conclusions overall suggest that most of the studies reviewed were descriptive and exploratory, that most online students are nontraditional and Anglo American, and that few universities have written policies, guidelines, or technical support for faculty members or students. Asynchronous communication seemed to facilitate in-depth communication (but not more than in traditional classes), students liked to move at their own pace, learning outcomes appeared to be the same as in traditional courses, and students with prior training in computers were more satisfied with online courses. Continued research is needed to inform learner outcomes, learner cha...
PRAYING FOR UNDERSTANDING: READING ANSELM THROUGH WITTGENSTEIN1

If Wittgenstein is correct to assert that practice gives words their sense, then it is logically possible that an understanding of the ontological “argument” Anselm presents in Proslogion requires some level of practical participation in prayer. A close inspection of Anselm's historical context shows that the conceptual distance we stand from him may be too great to be overcome by mere spectatorship. Rather, participation in this case likely requires of the modern reader a reproduction of Anselm's conduct in prayer. If so, Anselm's case falsifies, and thus warrants our resistance of, the commonly presumed disconnect between knowledge and practice.
Price competition with repeat, loyal buyers

Extant theoretical models suggest that greater consumer loyalty increases a firm’s market power and leads to higher prices and fewer price promotions (Klemperer, Quarterly Journal of Economics 102(2):375–394, 1987a, Economic Journal 97(0):99–177, 1987b, Review of Economic Studies 62(4):515–539, 1995; Padilla, Journal of Economic Theory 67(2):520–530, 1995). However, in some markets large, national brands that are able to generate more consumer loyalty than their rivals offer lower prices and promote more frequently. In this paper, we develop a two-period game-theoretic, asymmetric duopoly model in which firms differ in their ability to retain repeat, loyal buyers. In this market, we demonstrate that it is optimal for a firm that generates more loyalty to offer a lower average price and promote more frequently than a weaker competitor. Numerical analysis of a more general infinite period version of this asymmetric model leads to three additional results. First, we show that there is an inverted-U relationship between a weak firm’s ability to attract repeat, loyal consumers and strong firm profits. Second, we show that the relative ability of firms to attract repeat buyers affects whether serial and contemporaneous price correlations are positive or negative. Finally, we highlight the effect of dynamics on firms’ expected prices and profits.
SLUG is a direct transcriptional repressor of PTEN tumor suppressor.

BACGORUND PTEN/AKT signaling plays a key role in prostate cancer development and maintenance of prostate cancer stem cells. How other oncogenes or tumor suppressors interact with this pathway remain to be elucidated. SLUG is an zinc finger transcription factor of the Snail superfamily, and it promotes cancer metastasis and determines the mammary stem cell state.
Genetic Monitoring Reveals Genetic Stability within and among Threatened Chinook Salmon Populations in the Salmon River, Idaho

Abstract Identifying and understanding temporal genetic changes within fish populations is important for the management of these populations, especially those of conservation concern. Such changes are often the result of genetic drift, which can be exacerbated when the size of a population decreases. Using molecular-genetics techniques, we monitored nine populations of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Salmon River, Idaho, to determine how the genetic characteristics within and among these populations have changed over time. We found no evidence of change in the level of heterozygosity or allelic richness over three to four generations in eight of the populations. This is probably due to the fact that the populations all maintained a sufficiently large effective size, even though a few of the populations did show a decline in effective size. Also, the genetic structure among the populations did not change appreciably over time. Populations that had been supplemented with hatchery-reared fish ...
The pinch-off process in a starting buoyant plume

The vortex ring formation process of a starting buoyant plume was studied experimentally using digital particle image thermometry and velocimetry (DPITV). The vortex ring was observed to pinch-off, or become disconnected, from the trailing plume. Pinch-off occurred at non-dimensional times, or formation numbers, between 4.4 and 4.9. The observed pinch-off process is consistent with an explanation based upon the Kelvin–Benjamin variational principle. This is analogous to the pinch-off of a vortex ring generated using a piston–cylinder apparatus, suggesting that pinch-off is a general component of the vortex ring formation process for various generation mechanisms.
The BP Catastrophe and Sociological Practice Mitigating Community Impacts through Peer-Listener Training:

The catastrophic BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico has caused significant ecological and community damage. A series of complex economic, social, and mental-health impacts rapidly emerged as a significant source of distress for communities throughout the Northern Gulf Coast. As acute forms of social pathology, including suicides, became increasingly visible, we implemented a peer listener-training program in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. Based on a mitigation strategy developed in the aftermath of the Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska, we offered the program 26 times and trained over 600 peer listeners in 2010. As the impacts of the BP catastrophe persist, the peer listener program provides a sociological practice intervention available to Gulf Coast communities for reducing community and mental health problems.
Physiological ecology of rocky intertidal organisms: a synergy of concepts.

SYNOPSIS. The rocky intertidal zone is among the most physically harsh environments on earth. Marine invertebrates and algae living in this habitat are alternatively pounded by waves and exposed to thermal extremes during low tide periods (Denny and Wethey, 2001). Additionally, they must deal with strong selective pressures related to predation and competition for space (Connell, 1961). As a result, the steep physical gradient and spatially condensed community has made the rocky intertidal zone an ideal ‘‘natural laboratory’’ to study the coupled role of physical and biological factors in determining the abundance and distribution of organisms in nature (Connell, 1961; Paine, 1966, 1994). Early intertidal studies favored a major role of physiological adaptations to temperature and desiccation stress in determining patterns of vertical distribution (zonation) commonly found for intertidal organisms on rocky shores. It was shown that lethal limits of marine organisms correlated positively with the position of organisms along the physical gradient from the benign low-intertidal to the stressful high-intertidal zone, especially if differences in microhabitat and wave-exposure were taken into account (Gowanloch and Hayes, 1926; Orton, 1929; Broekhuysen, 1940; Evans, 1948). Zones characterized by indicator species appeared to correlate with shifts in the length of exposure to air, further supporting the potential role of physical factors in limiting distribution (Doty, 1946). The sharp distinction between some zones led Doty (1946) to conclude ‘‘Since the algae and their zones are sometimes, but rarely, intermixed and or arranged in these different orders, ..., itseems unlikely that competition can be a factor in controlling vertical distribution.’’ However, it was also noticed that physical conditions in the field rarely exceed lethal physiological limits (Broekhuysen, 1940; Evans, 1948). These observations left unresolved the role of chronic sublethal stress or biological factors, e.g., competition and predation, in setting distribution limits in the rocky intertidal zone (Wolcott, 1973). Connell (1961) then demonstrated that interspecific competition between the two barnacles Semibalanus (previously Balanus) balanoides and Chthalamus stellatus was responsible for setting the lower limits of the vertical distribution range of the higher occurring C. stellatus. The influence of biological factors was further demonstrated by Paine, who showed that the lower limits of mussels beds of the species Mytilus californianus could be extended through the removal of the predatory seastar Pisaster ochraceus (Paine, 1974). Although these papers established the influence
Understanding Occupational Therapy Students’ Attitudes, Intentions, and Behaviors Regarding Community Service

Community-based practice has always been a central domain of occupational therapy, and evidence supporting its increasing importance is growing. Preparing occupational therapy students for community practice has received considerable attention in professional literature, but students' voices have seldom been heard concerning this issue. This study sought to investigate attitudes, intentions, and behaviors regarding community service among occupational therapy students enrolled in one professional program using the Community Service Attitudes Survey. We present the Theory of Planned Behavior as a conceptual framework linking students' attitudes and intentions with behaviors. Results indicate that these occupational therapy students' attitudes and intentions regarding community service tended to be more strongly positive than those of their counterparts in other allied health disciplines; however, the community service behaviors of occupational therapy students were not significantly different from those of other allied health students, possibly because occupational therapy students perceived high costs to community service.
Delayed diagnosis of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia during pregnancy.

We present a case of delay in diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture and herniation in a pregmant 25-year-old woman. The diaphragmatic rupture was secondary to trauma sustained five months prior to presentation. Subsequent to her accident, she was provided medical care on multiple occasions for symptoms of intractable nausea, vomiting, and weight loss that were probably related to an expanding uterus and diaphragmatic herniation of abdominal contents. At the time she presented to us the hermiation had progressed and she was experiencing severe respiratory difficulty. A nasogastric tube was placed for diagnosis and decompression. A chest radiograph provided the diagnosis of herniation of gastrointestinal contents through the left hemidiaphragm. A healthy 5-lb boy was delivered vaginally and subsequently a left thoracotomy was performed for decompression and repair of the diaphragm. The patient's hospital course after hernia repair was uneventful.
Comment on ‘Estimation of resolution and covariance for large matrix inversions’ by J. Zhang and G. A. McMechan

SUMMARY When inverting large matrices, iterative techniques are necessary because of their speed and low memory requirements, as opposed to singular value decomposition (SVD). Recently, there have been attempts to obtain information on the quality of the solutions calculated using conjugate gradient (CG) methods such as LSQR. The purpose of this note is to comment on the paper titled ‘Estimation of resolution and covariance for large matrix inversions’ by Zhang & McMechan (1995), who extend Paige and Saunders’ LSQR algorithm to obtain an orthonormal basis used to approximate resolution and covariance. We show that for larger problems, where the number of orthogonal vectors is several orders of magnitude smaller than the number of model parameters, the vectors obtained do not adequately span the range of the model space. We use a synthetic borehole experiment to illustrate the differences between the singular value spectrum obtained through the more complete method of SVD and the Ritz value spectrum that results from a simple extension of LSQR. We also present a trivial numerical example to illustrate the differences between Zhang & McMechan’s approximate resolution matrix and the true resolution.
A lysimeter study of the aerobic landfill concept

An investigation was undertaken concerning the enhancement of degradation in a landfill. Degradation can be enhanced by the application of water, the recycling of leachate and the addition of air. A lysimeter study was undertaken to determine the quantities of moisture and air that would optimize degradation. The final concept involved application of moisture levels greater than those usually found in composting, combined with the addition of air forced by blowers. Aerobic operation provided significantly faster rates of degradation. The principal measure was that of settlement. In conclusion, some very preliminary economic considerations are presented.
States on Multiple-Valued Logic Algebras

In this chapter we will present the notion of state for the case of pseudo-BCK algebras. One of the main results consists of proving that any Bosbach state on a good pseudo-BCK algebra is a Riecan state, but conversely it turns out not to be true. Some conditions are given for a Riecan state on a good pseudo-BCK algebra to be a Bosbach state. In contrast to the case of pseudo-BL algebras, we show that there exist linearly ordered pseudo-BCK algebras having no Bosbach states and that there exist pseudo-BCK algebras having normal deductive systems which are maximal, but having no Bosbach states. Some specific properties of states on FL w -algebras, pseudo-MTL algebras, bounded Rl-monoids and subinterval algebras of pseudo-hoops are proved. A special section is dedicated to the existence of states on the residuated structures, showing that every perfect FL w -algebra admits at least a Bosbach state and every perfect pseudo-BL algebra has a unique state-morphism. Finally, we introduce the notion of a local state on a perfect pseudo-MTL algebra and we prove that every local state can be extended to a Riecan state.
CRALBP and Inherited Retinal Degeneration

Missense mutations in the gene encoding cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) associate with early onset autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP). We show here liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometric results from recombinant mutant CRALBP that were instrumental in establishing that the arRP modification was responsible for a loss of protein function. In addition, we present progress in the development of CRALBP knockout mice for studying in vivo functions and therapeutic approaches to retinal degenerations related to CRALBP.
A Comparison of Urologic Application of Bipolar Versus Monopolar Five French Electrosurgical Probes

Urologic endoscopic procedures often involve electrosurgery. Recently bipolar probes have become commercially available. This study compares monopolar and bipolar electrosurgical probes in relation to power losses in urologic endoscopic instruments with the infusion of sterile water and saline, and the power transmitted by probes to tissue correlated to tissue destruction in each fluid. The power losses through each instrument in both solutions were minimal. The bipolar electrode functioned at a much lower power output than did the monopolar electrode. The bipolar probe was also more effective in saline than sterile water. The depth, width and volume of tissue damage for both electrodes were found to vary with generator power output. The data shows the burns had similar diameters for both probes but the bipolar probe caused significantly less burn depth than the monopolar probe. These initial studies indicate that bipolar electrodes can function in normal saline with less depth damage compared to the monopolar probe.
On the Integration of Topic Modeling and Dictionary Learning

A new nonparametric Bayesian model is developed to integrate dictionary learning and topic model into a unified framework. The model is employed to analyze partially annotated images, with the dictionary learning performed directly on image patches. Efficient inference is performed with a Gibbsslice sampler, and encouraging results are reported on widely used datasets.
Public-sector entrepreneurship and the creation of a sustainable innovative economy

Economic growth requires innovation that can only occur through entrepreneurial action. Attempts to stimulate such action through central direction and explicit planning such as embodied in a National Systems of Innovation approach are inherently limiting because of an inability to anticipate future actions and consequences. A more fruitful approach is the one embodied in a National Systems of Entrepreneurship (NSE) approach, one that recognizes the uncertainty of the entrepreneurial process and focuses instead on the promulgation of policies through public-sector entrepreneurship to create a more nurturing environment within which entrepreneurial action can spontaneously arise in both the private and the public sectors. This paper develops an NSE-based theoretical model of the entrepreneurial environment that integrates into a functional whole the various subsets of that environment that others have studied and explores the role that NSE-guided public policy can play in improving the entrepreneurial environment for both private-sector and public-sector entrepreneurs. In the private sector, such public policies would focus on enhancing the creative environment, the exchange environment, the incentive and feedback structures, and the access to resources. It is also possible to enhance the entrepreneurial environment in the public sector, though the competing demands of democratic norms make that enhancement more difficult.
Image quality evaluation using image quality ruler and graphical model

Quantifying image quality through subjective evaluation is very critical to image quality evaluation. Using the image quality ruler method, an average score per stimulus can be easily obtained in the unit of Just Noticeable Differences (JNDs). However, it requires a large number of subjects, since pure averaging does not consider the different judging quality of different subjects. In this paper, we propose an image quality evaluation framework using the image quality ruler method with a statistical model. By incorporating this model, we consider the quality score, the expertise of the subjects, and the difficulty of image rating task as three hidden variables. Then we use expectation-maximization (EM) to estimate these hidden variables. From our experimental results, we show that our method provides reliable results without using a large number of subjects. Preliminary results also demonstrate that the estimates of the parameters can guide us to better distribute the valuable human resources used to conduct psychophysical experiments.
FDG PET imaging of rhesus monkeys with symptoms characteristic of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in humans

1191 Objectives Human Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has not been identified in non-human primates (NHP). Recently we have identified abnormal behaviors in monkeys that are similar to OCD in humans. In this report we used FDG brain PET imaging to assess these behavioral issues. Methods Methods: We imaged 4 normal monkeys and 4 monkeys with substantial expression of abnormal behavior based on continuous observation and assessment. After injection of ~4 mCi of 18FDG each monkeys was imaged for 60 minutes in list mode. Images were acquired with a Siemens P4 microPET. Data was Fourier rebind and reconstructed using map reconstruction in 256x256 matrices. Images were corrected for randoms, attenuation, scatter and dead time. P4 microPET has in-plane resolution of ~1.75 mm FWHM (Tai, et al Phys Med Biol 46:(2201) 1845-1862). Images were intensity normalized to the same global mean, spatially normalized to the 112RM-SL rhesus macaque atlas, and analyzed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM5). Results Preliminary results with this small sample indicate a significant activation in the anterior cingulate in monkeys exhibiting OCD-like behaviors compared with controls. This pattern corresponds to known activation patterns of human OCD patients. Conclusions These results suggest that NHPs that spontaneously exhibit OCD-like abnormal behaviors could be a useful model for human OCD, since they share a common endophenotype
Observations on Courtship and Mating Behavior of Meteorus pulchricornis, a Gypsy Moth Parasitoid

Virgin females of Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) stimulate males to respond with a courtship behavior similar to many other braconid parasitoids. Apparently both pheromonal stimulation by the female and visual perception by the male are necessary to elicit the courtship response. Courtship lasts 2–4 min, and includes initial rapid movement and excitation of the male, a slow approach, wing vibrations of varying intensities, and repeated touching of the male head to the female abdomen. Mounting follows and copulation lasts 80–120 sec.
Endomucin prevents leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion and has a critical role under resting and inflammatory conditions

Endomucin is a membrane-bound glycoprotein expressed luminally by endothelial cells that line postcapillary venules, a primary site of leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Here we show that endomucin abrogation on quiescent endothelial cells enables neutrophils to adhere firmly, via LFA-1-mediated binding to ICAM-1 constitutively expressed by endothelial cells. Moreover, TNF-α stimulation downregulates cell surface expression of endomucin concurrent with increased expression of adhesion molecules. Adenovirus-mediated expression of endomucin under inflammatory conditions prevents neutrophil adhesion in vitro and reduces the infiltration of CD45(+) and NIMP-R14(+) cells in vivo. These results indicate that endomucin prevents leukocyte contact with adhesion molecules in non-inflamed tissues and that downregulation of endomucin is critical to facilitate adhesion of leukocytes into inflamed tissues.
Extra-renal erythropoietin production in the baboon.

SummaryErythropoietin activity has been studied in eight intact and renoprival baboons. These studies demonstrate that renoprival baboons revealed elevations of plasma ESF activity in response to bleeding stimulus as intact baboons subjected to similar repeated bleeding stimuli. It appears that humoral regulation of erythropoiesis persists in anephric baboons.
Elastic and hydrodynamic torques on a colloidal disk within a nematic liquid crystal.

The orientationally dependent elastic energy and hydrodynamic behavior of colloidal disks with homeotropic surface anchoring suspended in the nematic liquid crystal 4-cyano-4${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) have been investigated. In the absence of external torques, the disks align with the normal of the disk face $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{a}$ parallel to the nematic director $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{n}$. When a magnetic field is applied, the disks rotate $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{a}$ by an angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$ so that the magnetic torque and the elastic torque caused by distortion of the nematic director field are balanced. Over a broad range of angles, the elastic torque increases linearly with $\ensuremath{\theta}$ in quantitative agreement with a theoretical prediction based on an electrostatic analogy. When the disks are rotated to angles $\ensuremath{\theta}g\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{2}$, the resulting large elastic distortion makes the disk orientation unstable, and the director undergoes a topological transition in which $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\theta}$. In the transition, a defect loop is shed from the disk surface, and the disks spin so that $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{a}$ sweeps through $\ensuremath{\pi}$ radians as the loop collapses back onto the disk. Additional measurements of the angular relaxation of disks to $\ensuremath{\theta}=0$ following removal of the external torque show a quasi-exponential time dependence from which an effective drag viscosity for the nematic can be extracted. The scaling of the angular time dependence with disk radius and observations of disks rotating about $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{a}$ indicate that the disk motion affects the director field at surprisingly modest Ericksen numbers.
Goethe, Wittgenstein, And the Essence of Color

Au-dela de leur differente approche -l'une phenomenologique, l'autre logique- de la theorie des couleurs, l'A. montre que Goethe et Wittgenstein placent les qualites des couleurs hors du domaine de la physique, dans un ordre naturel que Goethe nomme le cercle chromatique et Wittgenstein la roue des couleurs. Leur analyse respective des termes designant les couleurs constitue un reseau conceptuel definissant l'essence meme des couleurs
APPLICATION OF FOAM WELL KILLING FLUID IN WELL ZHONG39

Foam well killing fluid is a new well killing fluid developed by Research Institute of Nature Gas Technology of PetroChina. This well killing fluid has features of low density, low leakaqe, moderate viscosity, small frictional resistance and quick flow back. This foam well killing fluid is used in gas well Zhong 39 twice in January 2002, field test shows that the well killing fluid can use conveniently in field, and can stable 38 hours in the well. It can meet the requirements of process measures in regular workover job of low pressure and low producing well.
Update on low malignant potential ovarian tumors.

Low malignant potential (LMP) ovarian tumors represent a small subset of epithelial ovarian cancers that were first identified 70 years ago but were recognized in a systematic way only within the last 30 years. These lesions
Repeated restraint and isolation stress in lambs increases pituitary-adrenal secretions and reduces cell-mediated immunity.

Rambouillet crossbred ewe lambs were used to evaluate the effect of repeated restraint and isolation stress (RIS) on endocrinological and immunological functions. Lambs were blocked by weight and assigned to either RIS (n = 6) or to control (CON; n = 6) treatments. All lambs were tethered in environmentally controlled rooms at 22 degrees C with constant light and, at this time (d 0), were given 1 mg of ovalbumin in adjuvant. On d 12, catheters were placed nonsurgically into the jugular vein of all lambs, and they were reimmunized with .5 mg of ovalbumin in incomplete adjuvant. Each lamb in the RIS treatment group was removed from its home stanchion, isolated from visual and tactile (but not auditory and olfactory) contact with other lambs, and restrained for 6 h on d 14, 15, and 16. Lambs in CON treatment remained undisturbed in their home stanchions. Lymphocyte blastogenic function and production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) were assessed in samples of blood collected before and at the conclusion (0 and 6 h) of each of the three stress bouts. In addition, ACTH and cortisol secretion in response to RIS was evaluated in samples of plasma and serum collected at .5-h intervals on the first and last days of stress (d 14 and 16). Finally, antibody production in response to immunization against ovalbumin was assessed in samples of serum obtained 14 d after reimmunization on d 12 of the study. Polynomial curves fit to the ACTH and cortisol data differed (P less than .005) on both d 14 and 16 between RIS and CON treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of dehydration on locally mediated hindlimb vasodilation in baboons.

Previous studies indicate that the heat stress-induced cutaneous vasodilation in baboons is attenuated during dehydration by mechanisms other than the well-known neurohumoral vasoconstrictor mechan...
Characterizing Representational Uncertainty in System Design and Operations

This paper develops the concept of representational uncertainty to frame a critical challenge in systems engineering. Representational uncertainty arises in complex systems problems when the correct system representation cannot practically be known until some initial work has been undertaken. Drawing on empirical evidence from two very different system design problems, we illustrate the nature and prevalence of representational uncertainty in systems engineering practice. Our findings show that errors in the system representation may lead to wasted design work that explores the wrong tradespaces, expects the wrong value from design choices, and organizes work on the wrong set of decomposed subproblems. We find that mitigating representational uncertainty requires design processes that incorporate discovery of the system properties through a "reality check" early in the design process. We consider the implications for systems engineering processes and tools, and highlight directions for future research.
The Right to be Forgotten

Information posted to the Internet is never truly forgotten. While permanently available data offers significant social benefits, it also carries substantial risks to a data subject if personal information is used out of context or in ways that are harmful to the subject’s reputation. The potential for harm is especially dire when personal information is disclosed without a subject’s consent. In response to these risks, European policymakers have proposed legislation recognizing a “right to be forgotten.” This right would provide persons in European Union countries with a legal mechanism to compel the removal of their personal data from online databases.However, only a limited form of the right to be forgotten — a right to delete data that a user has personally submitted — would be compatible with U.S. constitutional law. By itself, this limited right is insufficient to address the myriad privacy issues raised by networked technologies, but it is nevertheless an essential component of a properly balanced regulatory portfolio, as existing privacy tort law is inadequate in this context. As such, this Note argues that Congress should recognize this limited right through adoption of a default contract rule where an implied covenant to delete user-submitted data upon request is read into website terms of service contracts.
Outcomes of patients receiving chemotherapy at the end of life.

70Background: Chemotherapy within 14 days of death indicates poor quality end-of-life (EOL) care. Despite this, approximately 25% of patients receive EOL chemotherapy. This study identifies determi...
Academic development of Head Start children: Role of dual language learning status

Abstract Using a large longitudinal dataset including children who attended Head Start over two years, this study examined academic growth trajectories during the period between Head Start entry and kindergarten (2.5 years), and whether those growth trajectories differ by children's dual language learning status. Analyses comparing three groups of children (i.e., Spanish-English bilinguals, Spanish-English emergent bilinguals [EBs], and English monolinguals) showed three noteworthy findings. First, bilinguals entering Head Start with English proficiency showed similar developmental trajectories in vocabulary and math to those of monolinguals. Second, EBs entering Head Start with limited English proficiency presented the lowest baseline skills in vocabulary and math. Whereas the initial vocabulary gaps generally persisted over time, gaps in math between EBs and monolinguals narrowed by kindergarten. Third, no difference was found between bilinguals and EBs in their Spanish vocabulary development. Results highlight needs for additional instructional support and resources for EBs especially in their vocabulary development.
Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, Fourth Edition

(2001). Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, Fourth Edition. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 524-525.
Variations in countertransference reactions in psychotherapy with children.

The traditional model of countertransference considers mainly therapist reactions to particular characteristics of their child patients. A broader model of countertransference is discussed here in ...
Automating the Administration of Heterogeneous LANs

The areas of machine configuration and software package installation and maintenance have been frequent areas of work in recent years. This paper describes a hybrid system developed to address both problems and more. The resulting system is designed to reduce the complexity of the administration of a large network of computers down to that of the administration of a few heterogeneous systems. In particular, this system allows machines to be maintained without ever having to manually change files on their disks. Systems can also be upgraded, installed from scratch, or recovered with a minimum of effort. The system described is designed to be extremely general and applicable to virtually all versions of UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems.
Epidemiology and Management of Pediatric Epistaxis

Objectives The purpose of this study is to describe the demographics of children undergoing inpatient management of epistaxis and recognize the clinical circumstances that may necessitate embolization or ligation for epistaxis management. Study Design and Setting Cross-sectional analysis of a national database. Subjects and Methods A review of data reported by hospitals in the United States to the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database with a diagnosis of epistaxis was conducted ( International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ ICD-9] code 784.7). The database provides new data every 3 years. The most recent databases, 2006, 2009, and 2012, were reviewed. Results A total of 11,366 patients with a diagnosis of epistaxis were identified. The average age was 12 years, and most patients were male (60%). Of the patients who underwent intervention for epistaxis, 704 underwent packing, 119 underwent ligation, and 98 underwent embolization. Transfusion of blood or platelets was highest in the patients undergoing packing only (38%, P < .0001). The lowest average length of stay was for the ligation group with a mean (SD) of 6.95 (14.02) days. Embolization and ligation most frequently occurred in the setting of an urban teaching hospital (95.63% and 73.28%, respectively). For patients who underwent embolization with epistaxis as a secondary diagnosis, benign neoplasm of nasopharynx (58.3%) was the most common primary diagnosis. In those patients who underwent ligation, nasal bone fracture (28.5%) was the most common primary diagnosis. Conclusion This study highlights that 11,366 patients were treated for epistaxis during 2006, 2009, and 2012, and most patients were treated conservatively.
Tales from the Residency Interview Trail

The authors discuss two ethical problems encountered by applicants when applying for dermatology residency using the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP). In the first scenario, a dermatology applicant is being pressured by a program director to reveal how she plans to rank individual programs. How should she respond? The authors discuss the NRMP’s communication policy and conclude that there is no ethically satisfying way to answer a program director’s questions about rank lists. The authors suggest that a change of NRMP policy to limit the communications that occur between applicants and program directors after the interview is the best way to combat this type of pressure. In the second scenario, a dermatology applicant is being asked about her marriage and her intention to have children during an interview for dermatology residency. The authors discuss what kinds of questions regarding marriage and family can and cannot be asked by interviewers according to federal statutes. They discuss ways an applicant could reply to the program director in this situation. The authors draw from classical medical ethics, the law, and their own experience researching the integrity of the dermatology match in order to discuss these two scenarios.
Microbiota and Pathogen Proteases Modulate Type III Secretion Activity in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.

ABSTRACT Enteric pathogens have complex interactions with the gut microbiota. Most of what is known about them has focused on microbiota-derived metabolites or small molecules that serve as nutrients and/or signals to aid in growth or transcriptionally regulate virulence gene expression. A common virulence strategy is to express a type III secretion system (T3SS), which is a molecular syringe deployed by many Gram-negative pathogens to hijack host cell function. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) requires its T3SS to colonize the intestinal tract and cause disease. Here we report that a prominent member of the intestinal microbiota, Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (Bt), secretes proteases that cleave the translocon of the T3SS of EHEC to enhance effector translocation into host cells. This is in contrast from an endogenous protease from EHEC itself (namely, EspP) that cleaves the translocon protein EspB in a different site to limit effector translocation. The EspB protein forms the T3SS pore in mammalian cells, and pore proteins are conserved in the T3SSs from several pathogens. This is the first demonstration of a commensal species directly processing a pathogen’s T3SS, posing a new paradigm for how the microbiota can influence the severity of disease caused by bacterial pathogens. Because T3SSs are employed by many pathogens, this phenomenon has broad implications to commensal-pathogen relationships. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota is usually regarded as providing colonization resistance against enteric pathogens. However, some pathogens evolved to thrive with the aid of certain members of the microbiota. Several Gram-negative bacteria employ type three secretion systems (T3SSs), which are molecular syringes that deliver effector proteins to host cells, hijacking host cell function. Here we show that the T3SS of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is cleaved by self and microbiota-derived proteases. Self-cleavage limits effector translocation, while cleavage by the microbiota member Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (Bt) exacerbates effector translocation and lesion formation on epithelial cells.
The Burden of Candidate Pathogenic Variants for Kidney and Genitourinary Disorders Emerging From Exome Sequencing

Genome-wide sequencing is increasingly being used for clinical diagnostics, with an impetus to expand reporting of secondary findings across a wide range of disorders. Analysis of population cohort...