cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cooling capacity and cost metrics for energy efficient workload placement in datacenters

Energy usage in the datacenters has been increasing drastically in the recent years attracting many studies in power and thermal management in datacenters. However, research has been focused mainly at power management of IT equipment and efficiently delivering cooling resources for a given IT load distribution. To further increase the energy efficiency of datacenters, an integrated approach to preferentially placing IT load at locations of highest cooling efficiency is necessary. Such cooling aware workload placement can bring substantial savings when coupled with the migration of workload away from less cooling-efficient locations and the powering down of machines that are not in active use. Along with cooling-aware migration, it is critical to quantify the available cooling capacity and the cooling cost to support additional heat load at different locations in a datacenter to affect placement of new workload and, from a longer term point of view, for IT planning purposes. This paper presents novel thermal metrics which can be used to estimate available cooling capacities for different thermal zones in an operational datacenter. The thermal metrics also show the local distribution of the available cooling capacity at different racks within a thermal zone. The paper will also present another new metric called localized cooling cost which is utilized to rank locations with respect to costs incurred for cooling additional workload. We utilize CFD simulations for a case study showing application of the metrics.
On the body and passion of history and historiography

Using Michel Foucault's notion that ‘Society Must Be Defended’ as his starting point, Sande Cohen argues that disciplinary issues within ‘historical culture’ belong to a notion of ‘war’ more than training or representation and that the discipline of history is not that effective in helping along public, intellectual life.
Comparison of Direct Fluorescent Antibody Staining and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Borrelia Burgdorferi in Ixodes Scapularis Ticks

Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent responsible for causing Lyme disease in humans and animals, is transmitted via the bite of infected Ixodes spp. ticks. Ticks removed from humans and animals are routinely tested by diagnostic laboratories to determine if they are infected with these bacteria. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of 2 commonly used methods, direct fluorescent antibody staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for the detection of B. burgdorferi in Ixodes scapularis ticks. One hundred and twenty-seven adult I. scapularis ticks collected in Connecticut, a Lyme disease endemic area, were tested, and results were compared. Results showed 24.8% ticks tested positive for Borrelia spp. by fluorescent antibody testing and 32.5% ticks were positive for B. burgdorferi by real-time PCR testing. When ticks were grouped into categories by level of engorgement (unengorged, partially engorged, and fully engorged), 95% of unengorged ticks, 90.5% of partially engorged, and 86.8% of engorged ticks tested were in agreement. Ten of the 127 ticks examined were too dehydrated to be tested by the fluorescent antibody technique; half of these tested positive by PCR. Real-time PCR appears to be the better of these 2 methods for the diagnosis of this bacterial infection in I. scapularis ticks.
Eating provides important physiological signals for satiety and drinking

Eating has important physiological consequences. Experiments in which food and components of food are manipulated in ways to activate various food-contingent physiological signals have revealed mechanisms for eating-elicited satiety and thirst. This kind of approach also has revealed that eating can activate physiological signals for drinking to prevent challenges to fluid homeostasis.
Influences on Science Fair Participant Research Design Selection and Success.

The purpose of this investigation is to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of pre-college researchers by examining the influences on research design selection and success in competition. The 22 participants were finalists at the 44th International Science and Engineering Fair, where they completed a questionnaire describing the influences on their research activities and methodologies. Additional data consisted of artifacts collected from the participants and the Science Service. Data were analyzed using an interpretive methodology. Assertions generated from the analysis indicated that students are largely accurate in self-reports of design, interacted with mentors on several levels, outside influences reflect shifts in motivational orientation, and success attributions reflect internalization of influences. Recommendations for future research with science fair participants are included.
Big data in the new media environment.

Abstract: Bentley, O’Brien, & Brock (Bentley et al.) argue for the social scientific contextualization of “big data” by proposing a four-quadrant model. We suggest extensions of the east (socially motivated)–west (independently motivated) decision-making dimension in light of findings from social psychology and neuroscience. We outline a method that leverages linguistic tools to connect insights across fields that address the individuals underlying big-data media streams. Recent events, such as the Arab spring and London riots, demonstrate how the new media environment has recast the way that ideas spread and news is created. The breadth of participation and engagement, alongside the immediacy and complexity of these interactions, subvert the traditional notions of newsmakers and influencers, and they leave a large digital footprint ripe for the tools of big-data analytics. Bentley, O’Brien, & Brock highlight the proliferation of big data and the need to contextualize these data. They propose that social scientific methods can provide insight about individuals who comprise the populations under study, thereby making big data more meaningful. For example, the health behaviors (e.g., smoking habits, obesity/weight loss) of individuals one or two degrees of separation from a person in a directed local
Multi-scale assessment of habitats and stressors influencing stream fish assemblages in the Lake Pontchartrain Basin, USA

This study determined if a spatial hierarchy existed with respect to reach-scale habitat, subwatershed-scale, and watershed-scale geomorphology and land use stressors on fish assemblages in southeastern U.S. coastal plain streams. During May–October 2009–2012, fishes were sampled by seine, and habitat was assessed at 50 reaches in the Lake Pontchartrain Basin (USA). Using partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) a variance decomposition procedure was used to partial out influences of confounding covariables at each spatial scale. Reach-scale habitat had the strongest association with the assemblage. Stream width, depth, aquatic vegetation and human debris cover, rapid habitat assessment score, and large woody debris volume were the most important variables. At subwatershed and watershed scales, natural and anthropogenic characteristics were important, including elevation, gradient, watershed area, wetland cover, stream density, road, dam and oil/gas well densities. Six species were associated most strongly with the watershed variables, compared to reach- and subwatershed-scale variables. These species had more “r-selected” life-history strategies (e.g., smaller eggs, shorter life spans, multiple broods, longer spawning season, and trophic generalists). In contrast, most species that were associated strongest with reach-scale variables exhibited more “k-selected” life-history traits (e.g., larger eggs, longer life spans, shorter spawning season, single brood, and trophic specialists).
Surface Mooring Network in the Kuroshio Extension

As a contribution to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is developing surface moorings that carry a suite of field-proven and cost-effective sensors to monitor air-sea heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes, carbon dioxide uptake, and upper ocean temperature, salinity, and currents. In June 2004, an NOAA surface mooring, referred to as the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO), was deployed in the Kuroshio Extension's (KE) southern recirculation gyre, approximately 300 nautical miles east of Japan. In 2006, a partnership between NOAA and the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology was formed that deployed a second mooring (referred to as JKEO) north of the KE jet in February 2007. KE is a region of strong currents, typhoons, and winter storms. Designing and maintaining moorings in the KE is a challenging engineering task. All data are publicly available. A subset of the data are telemetered and made available in near real time through the Global Telecommunications System and web-based data distribution systems. Data from these time-series reference sites serve a wide research and operational community and are being used for assessing numerical weather prediction analyses and reanalyses and for quantifying the air-sea interaction in this dynamic region.
Studies on dilute solutions of phenyl ether ketone copolymers

Viscometric, static and light scattering data on several phenyl-ether-phenylketone copolymers (PEK, PEEK, PKEEK, PKEKEK) in solution in sulfuric acid are analyzed to elucidate the role of electrostatic interactions on the chain conformation and intermolecular interactions. It is concluded that although interactions do play an important part in intermolecular interactions, intramolecular excluded volume interactions are negligible, and the persistence length is not much affected by intramolecular electrostatic interactions. A larger than expected persistence length may be due to certain resonance-stabilized chain conformations
Ultracapacitor Energy Management and Controller Developments for a Series-Parallel 2-by-2 Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Ultracapacitors have many potential performance advantages over existing battery technologies for use in hybrid-vehicle applications, provided many integration and reliability disadvantages can be overcome. A novel ultracapacitor-only energy storage system has been developed for the University of Akron hybrid-electric vehicle, which uses a large sensor network and control strategy to mitigate these disadvantages. Limited in- vehicle testing has shown improvement over the previous battery system.
Phenobarbital‐valproic acid interaction

The effect of subchronic valproate treatment on the single-dose kinetics of phenobarbital was investigated in 6 normal subjects. The study consisted of 2 drug treatments assigned through randomized crossover design. In one treatment subjects received a 60-mg dose of phenobarbital orally. In the other, subjects received 250 mg valproic acid orally twice daily for 14 consecutive days and a 60-mg dose of phenobarbital orally on day 4. Nineteen plasma samples (over 12 days) and two 48-hr urine samples were collected during each treatment. Plasma and urine phenobarbital levels were determined by gas chromatograph interfaced with mass spectrometer in a chemical ionization mode (GLC/CI/MS) and plasma valproic acid levels by GLC. Valproic acid induced several changes in the elimination parameters of phenobarbital: (1) phenobarbital half-life rose from 96 to 142 hr (p = 0.006); (2) plasma clearance fell from 4.2 to 3.0 ml/hr/kg (p = 0.009); (3) renal clearance was unchanged, and metabolic clearance fell from 3.3 to 2.0 mg/hg/kg (p = 0.006); and (4) the fraction of dose excreted unchanged rose from 0.22 to 0.33 (p = 0.015), and the fraction of dose metablized fell from 0.78 to 0.67 (p = 0.015). The findings indicate that valproic acid inhibits phenobarbital metabolism.
Comparative study of production of dextransucrase and dextran by cells of Leuconostoc mesenteroides immobilized on Celite and in calcium alginate beads.

In fed-batch fermentation, cells of L. mesenteroides immobilized on three types of Celite were used to produce dextransucrase (DS) followed by production of dextran. A layer of calcium alginate on the porous Celite R630 particles improved their mechanical stability, increased the amount of soluble DS produced and decreased the cell leakage from the highly porous support. Enzyme production with the immobilized cell cultures was significantly affected by both pore and particle size. Immobilized cultures using Celite R648 (average particle radius of 200 μm and pore size of 0.14 μm) produced the highest total enzymatic activity, followed by Celite R633, alginate-coated Celite R630, Celite R630, and then calcium alginate beads. Culture of free cells produced about 18% more total enzymatic activity than immobilized cells in calcium alginate beads, but about 64% less than immobilized cells on Celite R630. It is expected that larger amounts of enzymatic activity than measured are immobilized inside the alginate-coated Celite R630 and calcium alginate beads due to the mass transfer limitation conferred by the dextran product formed therein. The dextran yield from conversion of sucrose to dextran and fructose with all such enzyme-enriched, immobilized-cell cultures was higher than that obtained from free-cell culture under similar conditions.
Phylogenetic relationships among Phytophthora species inferred from sequence analysis of mitochondrially encoded cytochrome oxidase I and II genes

The phylogenetic relationships of 51 iso- lates representing 27 species of Phytophthora were as- sessed by sequence alignment of 568 bp of the mi- tochondrially encoded cytochrome oxidase II gene. A total of 1299 bp of the cytochrome oxidase I gene also were examined for a subset of 13 species. The cox II gene trees constructed by a heuristic search, based on maximum parsimony for a bootstrap 50% majority-rule consensus tree, revealed 18 species grouping into seven clades and nine species unaffil- iated with a specific clade. The phylogenetic relation- ships among species observed on cox II gene trees did not exhibit consistent similarities in groupings for morphology, pathogenicity, host range or tem- perature optima. The topology of cox I gene trees, constructed by a heuristic search based on maximum parsimony for a bootstrap 50% majority-rule consen- sus tree for 13 species of Phytophthora, revealed 10 species grouping into three clades and three species unaffiliated with a specific clade. The groupings in general agreed with what was observed in the cox II tree. Species relationships observed for the cox II gene tree were in agreement with those based on ITS regions, with several notable exceptions. Some of these differences were noted in species in which the same isolates were used for both ITS and cox II anal- ysis, suggesting either a differential rate of evolution- ary divergence for these two regions or incorrect as- sumptions about alignment of ITS sequences. Anal- ysis of combined data sets of ITS and cox II sequences generated a tree that did not differ substantially from analysis of ITS data alone, however, the results of a partition homogeneity test suggest that combining data sets may not be valid.
Decoupling Control Synthesis for an Oblique-Wing Aircraft

Interest in oblique-wing aircraft has surfaced periodically since the 1940's. This concept offers some substantial aerodynamic performance advantages but also has significant aerodynamic and inertial cross-coupling between the aircraft longitudinal and lateral-directional axes. This paper presents a technique for synthesizing a decoupling controller while providing the desired stability augmentation. The proposed synthesis procedure uses the concept of a real model-following control system. Feedforward gains are selected on the assumption that perfect model-following conditions are satisfied. The feedback gains are obtained by using eigensystem assignment, and the aircraft is stabilized by using partial state feedback. The effectiveness of the control laws developed in achieving the desired decoupling is illustrated by application to linearized equations of motion of an oblique-wing aircraft for a given flight condition.
Incentive-elicited striatal activation in adolescent children of alcoholics.

Aims Deficient recruitment of motivational circuitry by non-drug rewards has been postulated as a pre-morbid risk factor for substance dependence (SD). We tested whether parental alcoholism, which confers risk of SD, is correlated with altered recruitment of ventral striatum (VS) by non-drug rewards in adolescence. Design During functional magnetic resonance imaging, adolescent children of alcoholics (COA; age 12‐16 years) with no psychiatric disorders (including substance abuse) and similarly aged children with no risk factors responded to targets to win or avoid losing $0, $0.20, $1, $5 or a variable amount (ranging from $0.20 to $5). Results In general, brain activation by either reward anticipation or outcome notification did not differ between COA and age/gender-matched controls. Cue-elicited reward anticipation activated portions of VS in both COA and controls. In nucleus accumbens (NAcc), signal change increased with anticipated reward magnitude (with intermediate recruitment by variable incentives) but not with loss magnitudes. Reward deliveries activated the NAcc and mesofrontal cortex in both COA and controls. Losses activated anterior insula bilaterally in both groups, with more extensive right anterior insula activation by losses in controls. NAcc signal change during anticipation of maximum rewards (relative to non-reward) correlated positively with both Brief Sensation-Seeking Scale scores and with self-reported excitement in response to maximum reward cues (relative to cues for non-reward). Conclusions Among adolescents with no psychiatric disorders, incentive-elicited VS activation may relate more to individual differences in sensation-seeking personality than to presence of parental alcoholism alone. Future research could focus on adolescents with behavior disorders or additional risk factors.
Lithogenic risk factors in the morbidly obese population.

Purpose: To our knowledge baseline lithogenic risk factors in the morbidly obese population are currently unknown. Prior studies evaluated known stone formers and correlated risk with increasing body mass index. We describe risk factors for urinary stone formation in a group of unselected morbidly obese patients.Materials and Methods: Patients scheduled for gastric bypass provided a 24-hour urine collection before surgery. Patient demographics, medications and supplement consumption were recorded. A dietary intake diary was converted into daily kcal, Ca, Na and protein consumption. Differences between groups based on gender, history of diabetes or nephrolithiasis, diuretic use and Ca supplementation were evaluated. Correlation of stone risk parameters with body mass index was evaluated.Results: A total of 45 patients provided samples for analysis. Mean ± SD body mass index was 49.5 ± 9.1 kg/m2 and mean age was 47.0 ± 10.5 years. Overall 97.8% of patients had at least 1 lithogenic risk factor identified. L...
Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older Swedish men.

Background: In women, dietary glycemic index (GI) and dietary glycemic load (GL) have been associated with cardiovascular disease; in men, however, the evidence for an association is weaker. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that men consuming diets high in GI or GL have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Design: At baseline, we assessed dietary GI and dietary GL by using food-frequency questionnaires in 36 246 Swedish men aged 45-79 y without diabetes or prior cardiovascular disease. Participants were followed through inpatient, cause-of-death, and death registries from 1 January 1998 until 31 December 2003 for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and cardiovascular mortality and until 31 December 2005 for all-cause mortality. We used Cox models with age as the time scale to estimate relative risks adjusted for cigarette smoking, body mass index, physical activity, demographic characteristics, and nutritional factors. Results: Dietary GI and dietary GL were not associated with myocardial infarction (n = 1324), ischemic stroke (n = 692), cardiovascular mortality (n = 785), or all-cause mortality (n = 2959). Dietary GL was associated with hemorrhagic stroke [n = 165; relative risk = 1.44 comparing extreme quartiles (95% CI: 0.91,2.27); P for trend = 0.047]. Conclusions: Dietary GI and dietary GL were not associated with ischemic cardiovascular disease or mortality, but dietary GL was associated with a greater risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Discrepancies between these findings and those of previous studies may be due to variations in the associations by sex or to differences in dietary contributions to GI and GL.
Demography of Abutilon theoprasti and Setaria faberi in three crop rotation systems

Summary Field experiments were conducted to characterize the demography of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi in a conventionally managed 2-year (maize/soya bean) rotation, and in 3-year (maize/soya bean/triticale + red clover) and 4-year (maize/soya bean/triticale + lucerne/ lucerne) rotations managed with 72% and 79% lower herbicide inputs respectively. Rates of weed seedling recruitment, seedling survival and adult plant fecundity were determined for populations in each phase of each rotation and used to calculate annual rates of weed population change, D. In both years of the study, D for A. theophrasti populations declined or remained stable in all three rotation systems. Despite greater rates of seedling survival and fecundity in maize and soya bean in the 3- and 4-year rotations, increases in D for A. theophrasti populations were prevented in these systems because of low fecundity in triticale and low seedling survival and fecundity in lucerne. For Setaria faberi populations, D remained stable in the 2-year rotation, increased in the 3-year rotation in both years, and increased in the 4-year rotation in 1 year. The results of this study indicate that when herbicide use is reduced, rotations that include triticale and lucerne can facilitate the suppression of A. theophrasti. Rotations that include lucerne can contribute to restraining S. faberi population growth, given adequate levels of seedling mortality in this crop.
The Cramdown on Secured Creditors: An Impetus Toward Settlement

Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code sets forth the procedures for the confirmation of a reorganization plan. Section 1129(a) includes the criteria for the most frequently used method of confirmation- that of settlement by the debtor, creditors, and equity holders. Section 1129(b) sets forth an alternative method of confirmation called the “cramdown,” which is often written about and discussed but which has occurred in relatively few cases since the Code has been in effect. The cramdown option permits the confirmation of a plan notwithstanding the failure of one or more classes of impaired claims or interests to accept the plan under section 1129(a)(8). The cramdown is one of the new provisions included in the Code to facilitate the confirmation of a plan in the face of opposition by one or more classes. The first part of the article provises a history of the cramdwon. The article then discusses the cramdown on secured creditors under sections 1129(b)(1) and (2)(A) and some of related provisions including sections 1124, 1126(f), and 1111(b). Where relevant, reference is made to cases that involve the cramdown on unsecured creditors. The article also considers the valuation problems that are involved in a cramdown on secured creditors. The Addendum includes a fact situation and related problems to elucidate the valuation risks that arise in a cramdown and to demonstrate why the cramdown provisions loom as a threat and lead parties to reach settlement.
Therapeutic Implications of Molecular Genetics

Molecular genetics and molecular biology have produced fantastic gains in the understanding of cellular mechanisms involved in neoplasia. Clinical application of these gains, however, remains in its infancy at present. One area of intense interest is gene therapy, the treatment of patients to correct germline or acquired abnormalities in genes, including those involved in neoplasia (reviewed in reference 1). The variety of altered genes in neoplasia provides numerous potential targets for this therapeutic approach.
Antibiotic resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in various countries: A review

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are the leading causes of seafood associated infections and mortality in the United States. The main syndromes caused by these pathogens are gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia. This article reviewed the antibiotic resistance profile of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in the United States and other countries including Italy, Brazil, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, China, India, Iran, South Africa and Australia. The awareness of antimicrobial resistance of these two pathogens is not as well documented as other foodborne bacterial pathogens. Vibrio spp. are usually susceptible to most antimicrobials of veterinary and human significance. However, many studies reported that V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus showed multiple-antibiotic resistance due to misuse of antibiotics to control infections in aquaculture production. In addition, both environmental and clinical isolates showed similar antibiotic resistance profiles. Most frequently observed antibiotic resistance profiles involved ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline regardless of the countries. The presence of multiple-antibiotic resistant bacteria in seafood and aquatic environments is a major concern in fish and shellfish farming and human health.
Platelet aggregation in flowing blood at a site of injury to an endothelial cell monolayer: quantitation and real-time imaging with the TAB monoclonal antibody.

Epifluorescence videomicroscopy permits real-time imaging of platelet adhesion/aggregation to a defined microinjury of a monolayer of endothelial cells exposed to flowing blood. The fluorescent label is the TAB murine monoclonal antibody directed against human platelet GP IIB, together with a fluorescein-conjugated goat F(ab9)2 against murine immunoglobulin. The combination assures specificity for platelet membranes, yet leaves platelet function intact. TAB is first added to gently mixed, citrated human blood; the second antibody is added 1 hour after the first, mixing continuing for a second hour. Bovine aortic endothelial cell monolayers (ECMs), grown on rectangular cover glasses precoated with microfibrillar collagen, comprise one wall of a flow chamber mounted on a vertical microscope stage. A loop of 6–0 sterile suture is drawn across the ECM in order to create microinjuries of width 70 +/- 15 microns (mean +/- SD) oriented in a direction transverse to flow. Platelet adhesion/aggregation is virtually absent on intact and confluent regions of the monolayer. On micro-injury sites and at shear rates of 60 to 1,080 sec-1, however, computer-enhanced images obtained by means of videomicroscopy show arrival and adherence of single platelets resulting in the formation of platelet aggregates elongated in the flow direction. When the monolayers are pretreated with 1.0 mmol/L lysine acetylsalicylate, the mean aggregate thickness increases (2P less than .05) to 260 +/- 58% (mean +/- SE, N = 6) of control, aggregates are regularly shed downstream, and the surface area of the injury site covered by platelets is augmented (2P less than .05) from 14.8 +/- 3.9% to 49.2 +/- 4.7% (mean +/- SE, N = 6). Donor ingestion of aspirin, on the other hand, leads to an increase (2P less than .01) in percent surface coverage to 42.7 +/- 8.5 without a concomitant increase in mean aggregate thickness. In parallel with the above, outflow levels of serum thromboxane and prostacyclin are measured by radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for thromboxane B2 and 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha, respectively. Thromboxane B2 is increased (2P less than .01) by monolayer pretreatment with lysine acetylsalicylate from 5.08 +/- 1.47 to 9.35 +/- 2.42, but decreased (2P less than .05) after oral aspirin to 1.21 +/- 0.38 ng/mL (mean +/- SE, N = 6). Levels of 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha were reduced (2P less than .05) by monolayer pretreatment from 0.48 +/- 0.046 to 0.36 +/- 0.016 ng/mL. Platelet adhesion/aggregation at a site of injury to an endothelial cell monolayer, therefore, can be imaged in flowing blood in real time using a monoclonal antibody approach.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Epstein-Barr virus in autoimmunity.

EBV, which is one of the viruses that most of us live with throughout most of our lifetimes, is capable of inducing autoantibodies reactive with a variety of normal tissue proteins. Because of this, the virus remains a constant threat for autoimmunization during our lifetimes, and this threat is in fact realized in several autoimmune diseases. We have described here manifestations suggesting this in RA, SjS, SLE, SSc and MS. In RA, MS, and SSc, autoantibodies cross-reactive with the glycine/alanine repeat of EBNA-1 exist, but these cross-reactions seem to be subtly different among the three. In SSc, cross-reacting autoantibody is expressed as anti-p542, while in RA an anti-60 kDa activity without anti-p542 is generally present. In MS cross-reacting autoantibody to an 80- to 82-kDa doublet is predominant. In SjS and SLE, the autoimmune manifestations are distinctly different from those of the preceding three diseases. In SLE, cross-reacting autoantibody (anti-Sm) is predominantly based on glycine/arginine sequences in EBNA-1, or on its PPPGRRP sequence. In SjS, productive infection by the virus is a dominant feature of the illness, and the principal autoantibodies, anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B, are not derived by cross-reactivity with EBNA-1 or any other EBV protein. Anti-La/SSB may conceivably be derived either from an abnormal display of the autoantigen on the outer cell membrane, or by binding of the autoantigen by EBV-generated EBER molecules. We have presented no evidence that these autoimmune manifestations are pathogenetically significant, but we believe that further study may prove some or all to be so. This question can be most effectively explored using recombinant EBNA-1 as antigen in selected mouse strains. Further exploration in man will require cloning and identification of the 80- to 82-kDa and ∼ 60-kDa antigens from human neuroglial or lymphocytic cDNA libraries, to clarify the nature of these molecules and explore the ways in which they may be exposed to the immune system in disease. Completion of the sequencing and identification of p542 is needed for the same reasons. Other EBV antigens can be similarly explored, and we have mentioned studies of this nature that are already under way by others using EBV gp 110. It is highly likely that all autoimmune diseases are significantly impacted by multiple microbial agents, and that final expression of disease in these syndromes is a resultant of all these impactions together. Nevertheless, the number of agents making significant autoimmune contributions is probably limited, and even the number of inciting molecules from a given agent may be limited, so the process may not be so multidispersed as to make an investigation of this part of the autoimmune disease unmanageable. We can even hope that ultimately this approach will provide a useful road towards prevention or therapy.
Current research in eye movement biometrics

On the onset of the second decade of research in eye movement biometrics, the already demonstrated results strongly support the promising perspectives of the field. This paper presents a description of the research conducted in eye movement biometrics based on an extended analysis of the characteristics and results of the BioEye 2015: Competition on Biometrics via Eye Movements. This extended presentation can contribute to the understanding of the current level of research in eye movement biometrics, covering areas such as the previous work in the field, the procedures for the creation of a database of eye movement recordings, and the different approaches that can be used for the analysis of eye movements. Also, the presented results from BioEye 2015 competition can demonstrate the potential identification accuracy that can be achieved under easier and more difficult scenarios. Based on the provided presentation, we discuss topics related to the current status in eye movement biometrics and suggest possible directions for the future research in the field. We present a review of the state-of-the-art in eye movement biometrics.We explain the general steps for the creation of a database of eye movement recordings.We describe basic eye movement features and methodologies with application in biometrics.We present extended analysis and results for the BioEye 2015 competition.
Direct fermentation of D-xylose to ethanol by a xylose-fermentating yeast mutant, Candida sp XF 217

A mutant strain of Candida sp. XF 217, was found to produce ethanol from D-xylose aerobically as well as anaerobically. The rate of ethanol production under aerobic conditions was greater, indicating an oxygen requirement for the uptake of D-xylose in XF 217. Ethanol was also produced by XF 217 when D-glucose, D-fructose, sucrose or maltose were used as substrates. The D-xylose fermenting yeast strain is a potential organism to use for ethanol production from renewable biomass-derived hexoses and pentoses.
Reducing Inpatient Hospital and Emergency Room Utilization Among Nursing Home Residents: The Role of Patient–Provider Relationships

Objective: To examine the association among nursing home residents between strength of relationship with a primary care provider (PCP) and inpatient hospital and emergency room (ER) utilization. Method: Medicare administrative data for beneficiaries residing in a nursing home between July 2007 and June 2009 were used in multivariate analyses controlling for beneficiary, nursing home, and market characteristics to assess the association between two measures—percentage of months with a PCP visit and whether the patient maintained the same usual source of care after nursing home admission—and hospital admissions and ER visits for all causes and for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs). Results: Both measures of strength of patient–provider relationships were associated with fewer inpatient admissions and ER visits, except regularity of PCP visits and ACSC ER visits. Discussion: Policy makers should consider increasing the strength of nursing home resident and PCP relationships as one strategy for red...
Prospective study of therapeutic spiral enteroscopy in patients with surgically altered anatomy

Spiral enteroscopy is rapidly emerging, along with double- and single-balloon enteroscopy, as a paramount method to evaluate lesions in the deep small bowel. While the latter two methods have been used to manage patients with surgically altered anatomy, there are few reports on the role of spiral enteroscopy in this group. Our principal aim was to characterize the therapeutic uses of spiral enteroscopy in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Patients with surgically altered anatomy who failed management with conventional endoscopic methods for therapeutic indications were included in this prospective series at our tertiary referral center. The spiral technique was used to control variceal bleeding, dilate enteral anastomotic narrowing, and perform pancreaticobiliary interventions in seven patients. The cases were performed quickly and effectively and the need for surgery was obviated in all cases. The spiral enteroscopy system has significant therapeutic potential in patients with surgically altered anatomy.
Underdeveloped oil fields — Upper Pennsylvanian and lower Wolfcampian carbonate reservoirs of southeast New Mexico

Carbonate reservoirs in the Cisco and Canyon (Upper Pennsylvanian) and lower Wolfcampian (Permian) sections in the Permian Basin of southeast New Mexico, U.S.A. are significant reservoirs for oil and gas. The approximately 400 fields that have produced from these reservoirs have yielded a cumulative production of 490 million bbls oil (MMBO; 78 million m3) and 3.2 trillion ft3 (91 billion m3) gas, 12% of the oil and 16% of the gas produced in southeast New Mexico. Sixteen of these fields have been identified that were underdeveloped at some stage in their history. Cumulative production ranges from Milnesand West (0.210 MMBO; 0.033 million m3) to Dagger Draw (31 MMBO; 4.9 million m3).
Diplopia Associated with Refractive Surgery

When diplopia occurs after refractive surgery, a systematized approach to diagnosis and treatment is useful. First, determine if the problem is monocular or binocular. Monocular diplopia usually is caused by anterior segment complications and should be referred to an anterior segment surgeon. If the problem is binocular, determine if there is iatrogenic monovision. If monovision was created by the refractive surgery, determine if the double vision is due to fixation switch diplopia. If so, the monovision state needs to be reversed. If fixation switch is not the cause of the symptoms, try "optical rescue". If monovision is not present, check old refraction and motility records, and correct any residual refractive error. Strabismus may need to be treated with surgery, orthoptic exercises, or prisms.
Clinical study on recombinant human epidermal growth factor in the treatment of oral ulcer in children

Objective:To investigate the effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor(rhEGF) in treating oral ul cer of children.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was adopted.88 patients were divided into test group(n=48) and con-trol group(n=40),the test group was given rhEGF gel and control group was given iodine glycerin until the restoration of oral ulcer or for 2 weeks.The healing time of oral ulcer wound and the ache disappear time were recorded.Results:The heal-ing time of test group and control group were(5.57±3.23) d and(8.23±3.15) d respectively(P0.01).The ache disappear time of test group and control group were(4.8±1.9) d and(7.3±3.9) d respectively(P0.01).Conclusion:rhEGF gel can promote the restoration of oral ulcer with much convenience and safety.
How We Have Learned to Stop Worrying

The last time the Bomb starred as the leading representative of our horror, as the mushroom phantasmagoria of the end, was in the films of the late (1960s-70s) avant-garde. Since then, activists--some historians, some of the arms negotiators, surely--have not forgotten to be afraid, but the rest of the country rather liked its entertainment to be post-apocalyptarian, in the steel dawns of the barbaric future. When the Bomb was re-centered in the story, as in Atomic Cafe, we could have been traveling through America with Umberto Eco. The place looks grainy, hyperreal, provincial, high-spirited, and deadly. The Bomb itself and the technocracy that created it were crew-cut square and right out of Kansas. That was the forties and fifties, these films say; we can shudder and laugh, for we're so much more sophisticated now. Now with Eastern Europe retiring its communist parties while the Soviet Union applauds, the whole militarist rationale for the Rocket-Warhead State seems about to wither away. Bush is being cautious: he has to. For the Army is leaping ahead with scrap-and-retool plans to become a hot (surgical) strike force.
Effects of charybdotoxin on responses to nitrosovasodilators and hypoxia in the rat lung

This study investigated the effects of the Ca2+-sensitive K+ channel antagonist charybdotoxin on responses to the nitrosovasodilators nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside and on pulmonary pressor responses to ventilatory hypoxia in the isolated blood-perfused rat lung. Injections of nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside induced dose-related decreases in pulmonary arterial perfusion pressure when tone was increased with U-46619, whereas ventilatory hypoxia (3% O2-5% CO2-balance N2) increased pulmonary arterial perfusion pressure in a reproducible manner. After administration of charybdotoxin, the pressor response to ventilatory hypoxia was significantly increased, whereas charybdotoxin significantly decreased vasodilator responses to nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside but had no effect on the vasodilator responses to albuterol or to isoproterenol when tone was increased with U-46619. The results of the present study show that charybdotoxin enhances the pressor response to ventilatory hypoxia and significantly decreases responses to nitric oxide-donating vasodilator agonists in a selective manner. These data suggest that the response to ventilatory hypoxia is modulated by alterations in Ca2+-sensitive K+ channel activity and suggest that vasodilator responses to the nitric oxide donors nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside are dependent on the opening of large-conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels in the pulmonary vascular bed of the rat.
First Observation of An Excited Charm Baryon Decaying to Omega Charm Baryon at the BaBar Experiment

We have carried out a search for a charmed baryon {Omega}{sup *}{sub c} decaying to {Omega}{sup 0}{sub c} and a {gamma} where {Omega}{sub c} candidates are reconstructed using decay modes {Omega}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}(c1), {Omega}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0}(c2), {Omega}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}(c3) and {Xi}{sup -}K{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup +}(c4). This search is performed by analyzing integrated luminosity of 230.7 fb{sup -1} data collected by the BABAR detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. In decay channel {Omega}{sup *}{sub c} {yields} {Omega}{sup 0}{sub c}({Omega}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}){gamma} (C1), we observe a signal yield of 39.2{sup +9.8}{sub -9.1}(stat){+-}6.0(syst) events with a significance of 4.2 standard deviations. In decay channels {Omega}{sup *}{sub c} {yields} {Omega}{sup 0}{sub c}({Omega}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0}){gamma} (C2) and {Omega}{sup *}{sub c} {yields} {Omega}{sup 0}{sub c}({Xi}{sup -}K{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup +}){gamma} (C4), we observe signal yields of 55.2{sup 16.1}{sub -15.2} {+-} 5.6 and 20.2{sup +9.3}{sub -8.5} {+-} 3.1 with significances of 3.4 and 2.0 {sigma}, respectively. As for the {Omega}{sup *}{sub c} {yields} {Omega}{sup 0}{sub c}({Omega}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}){gamma} (C3) decay channel, we observe signal yields of -5.1{sup +5.3.8}{sub -4.7}{+-}1.0 without a positive significance. We assume the same production mechanism for the four decay channels of {Omega}{sup *}{sub c} studied. By combiningmore » these four channels, the fit results in a signal yield of 105.3{sup +21.2}{sub -20.5} {+-} 6.0 events with a significance of 5.2 {sigma}. We report the mass difference {Omega}{sup *}{sub c} - {Omega}{sup 0}{sub c}({delta}m) of the singly charmed baryon {Omega}{sup *}{sub c} to be 70.8{sup +1.0}{sub -1.0} {+-} 1.1 MeV. Finally, the ratios of production cross sections are calculated: {sigma}(e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}C1)/{sigma}(e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}c1) = 0.71{sup +0.19}{sub -0.18}{+-}0.11, {sigma}(e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}C2)/{sigma}(e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}c2) = 1.76{sup +0.71}{sub -0.69}{+-}0.19, {sigma}(e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}C3)/{sigma}(e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}c3) = -0.66{sup +0.74}{sub -0.66}{+-}0.13, {sigma}(e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}C4)/{sigma}(e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}c4) = 1.70{sup +1.0}{sub -1.0}{+-}0.27 and {sigma}(e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}{Omega}{sup *}{sub c} (combined))/{sigma}(e{sup +}e{sup -}{yields}{Omega}{sup 0}{sub c}) = 1.0{sup +0.23}{sub -0.22}{+-}0.11.« less
Characterization of Singular Controls for Nonholonomic Path Planning

Abstract A class of Iterative algorithms have been proposed in recent years for the nonholonomic motion planning problem. The convergence of these algorithms predicates on the control signal in each iteration be "nonsingular". At the present, the singularity structure is only identified for the unicycle and front-wheel-drive car kinematic models. In this paper, we extend the consideration to all systems reducible to one-chain form, which include unicycle, car, as well as any N-trailer system. In particular, we show that a control is singular if and only if the first control variable is identically zero. We also identified all singular controls for the ball rolling on a plate problem. which is not reducible to the one-chain form.
Multigrid methods for saddle point problems: Oseen system

Abstract We develop and analyze multigrid methods for the Oseen system in fluid flow. We show that the W -cycle algorithm is a uniform contraction if the number of smoothing steps is sufficiently large. Numerical results that illustrate the performance of the methods are also presented.
Complications of Hallux Valgus Surgery

Hallux valgus deformity is one of the most common pathologies seen by a foot and ankle surgeon, with an estimated incidence of 23% in adults aged 18–65 years and 35.7% in patients over 65 years [1]. With such a high prevalence of hallux valgus deformity, surgical correction is commonplace for foot and ankle surgeons. With a large volume of procedures being performed, minor and major complications can arise. The complication rate throughout the literature has a wide range extending from 1% to 55% following hallux valgus surgery in general [2–4]. There are a multitude of factors that contribute including physician experience, procedural selection, and patient selection. Meticulous attention to detail in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative setting can reduce the incidence of complications. Prevention of complications begins with a thorough history and physical examination and detailed radiographic evaluation. It is imperative that the surgeon assesses concomitant deformities such as pes planovalgus deformity, hypermobility of the first ray, metatarsus adductus, equinus, second metatarsal pathology with instability, and evidence of other biomechanical factors such as plantar callosities, as the presence of any of these plays a role in procedure selection and is directly attributed to postoperative success. Intraoperative assessment of positioning, careful attention to fixation techniques, and emphasizing postoperative compliance is essential. Defining a complication or operative failure is also important, because what appears corrected to the surgeon clinically and radiographically can still be deemed a failure if the patient is not satisfied. A discussion of the postoperative plan, expectations, and possible long-term complications is paramount in the preoperative setting. Knowing the patient’s, the procedure, and the surgeon’s limitations is vital in limiting complications.
Behavioral assays in environmental toxicology

Behavioral toxicology treats the whole organism as an assay system. Certain features of such an approach are exceedingly resistant to simplification, and it is doubtful that we will ever have the luxury of something approaching in vitro testing in convenience and clarity. Three aspects of behavioral assessment are especially difficult to simplify in reasonable ways. Psychophysics is the discipline that allows us to determine sensory capacity. With animals, complex, lengthy procedures are often the only alternative by which to assess subtle questions of sensory dysfunction. Measures of aversiveness and attractiveness are also definable only by behavioral techniques, yet constitute critical data for environmental standards. Behavioral epidemiology is the most obvious enemy of simplification since it deals with how people feel and function.