cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the active site chemistry of liver alcohol dehydrogenase: mononuclear zinc methanol and N,N-dimethylformamide complexes of a nitrogen/sulfur ligand possessing an internal hydrogen bond donor.

Using a novel nitrogen/sulfur ligand possessing a single internal hydrogen bond donor (bmapa, N,N-bis-(2-methylthio)ethyl-N-(6-amino-2-pyridylmethyl)amine), mononuclear zinc complexes possessing a single zinc-bound methanol ([(bmapa)Zn(MeOH)](ClO4)2·MeOH, 1·MeOH) or N,N-dimethylformamide ([(bmapa)Zn(DMF)](ClO4)2, 2) molecule have been synthesized and structurally characterized. These complexes are structurally relevant to substrate- and inhibitor-bound forms of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) and exhibit hydrogen-bonding interactions akin to those found in the active site of LADH.
Probing the Cl–HCl complex via bond-specific photodissociation of (HCl)2

Abstract Infrared–ultraviolet double resonance has been used to photodissociate the free HCl bond of the HCl dimer. This creates Cl–HCl in a coherent superposition of electronic and vibrational states. Measurement of the translational energy of the departing H atom using high- n Rydberg time-of-flight spectroscopy enables the Cl–HCl potential surfaces to be probed. The features thus obtained agree with theoretical estimates. At long IR–UV delays, the fastest H atoms derive primarily from UV photodissociation of internally excited HCl (e.g., high rotational levels) formed by (HCl) 2 predissociation.
Two Higgs doublet models and CP violating Higgs exchange in e+e−→tt̄Z

Abstract Appreciable CP asymmetries (∼10%) can arise in the reaction e + e − →t t Z already at tree-level in models with two Higgs doublets. For a neutral Higgs particle, h , with a mass in the range 50 GeV≲ m h ≲400 GeV, it may be possible to detect a 2–3 sigma CP-odd effect in e + e − →t t Z in ∼1–2 years of running of a future high energy e + e − collider with c.m. energies of ∼1–2 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 200–500 inverse fb.
Writing Clear Animal Activity Proposals

Although IACUC-related topics are frequently discussed in the literature, there is little published information about how to write animal activity proposals. In this article, the author discusses key considerations in the writing and review of animal activity proposals. The author then describes a framework for developing and writing clear animal activity proposals that highlight animal welfare concerns. Though these recommendations are aimed at individuals writing and reviewing research proposals, the framework can be modified for other types of animal activity proposals.
Activation and trafficking of peritoneal B1a B-cells in response to amphibole asbestos

B1a B-cells are concentrated in peritoneal and pleural cavities, are producers of 'natural auto-antibodies', and have been implicated in autoimmune responses. Their numbers are increased in humans and mice with systemic autoimmune diseases, but their role in the immune pathology is not known. Asbestos causes pulmonary, pleural, and peritoneal pathologies by accessing these tissues after inhalation. Amphibole asbestos has been shown to elicit immune dysfunction, including chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and autoantibody production. This study tested the hypothesis that asbestos affects immune dysfunction by activating B1a B-cells to traffic to secondary lymphatic tissue. C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to amphibole asbestos (Libby 6-Mix) either endotracheally or intraperitoneally, and the B1a B-cells in pleural or peritoneal compartments were tested by multi-parameter flow cytometry. Adoptive transfer of peritoneal lymphocytes from CD45.1 transgenic to wild-type mice was used to track the migration. The percentage and numbers of B1a B-cells in pleural and peritoneal cavities decreased 3-6 days following exposure. During that time, asbestos exposure led to a decrease in cells expressing alpha-4 (α4) integrin and MHC II antigen. Peritoneal cells treated in vitro showed decreased α4 integrin with no change in CD5, IgM, or MHC II antigen. Therefore, B1a cells (IgM(+), CD5(+), MHC II(+)) traffic from the peritoneal cavity following loss of α4 integrin expression. Following adoptive transfer into the peritoneum of asbestos-exposed mice, CD45.1(+) B1a cells were detected in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes after 3 days, peaking at 6 days. Interestingly, the percentage of splenic suppressor B-cells (IgM(+), CD5(+), CD11b(+), CD1d(+)) decreased following amphibole exposure, demonstrating that the B1a cells did not contribute to an increased pool of suppressive B-cells. These results show that B1a B-cells respond to asbestos exposure by trafficking to secondary lymphatic tissue where they may affect ultimate immune dysfunction.
Reinitiation of gonocyte mitosis and movement of gonocytes to the basement membrane in testes of newborn rats in vivo and in vitro

Movement of postnatal gonocytes to the periphery of the seminiferous cord, where they contact the basement membrane, and resumption of mitosis by these previously quiescent cells are likely to be critically important in establishing spermatogenesis in neonatal rats. We used several approaches both in vivo and in vitro to determine precisely when each of these two events begins, to study their temporal relationship to each other, to determine whether gonocyte division is a prerequisite for relocation or vice versa, and to probe the source of factors initiating and/or regulating these events. Both light and electron microscopy were used to determine that the first gonocytes make contact with the basement membrane on postnatal day 4, while quantitative autoradiography following 3H-thymidine administration in vivo indicated that the first gonocytes to re-initiate cell division do so one day earlier, on day 3, and that the percentage of gonocytes dividing remains at a stable level through day 5. Moreover, we organ-cultured neonatal testes from birth onwards in the presence of defined, serum- and hormone-free medium and determined that both proliferation and relocation of gonocytes begin and continue in vitro as in vivo. This observation argues against involvement of extratesticular factors in stimulating gonocyte relocation and division, and points to the testis itself as the most likely source of agent(s) regulating postnatal maturation of these cells. In other, similar incubations we included 3H-thymidine for varying periods of time to label either those gonocytes that are the first to divide or all gonocytes that divide during the first 48 hr of culture. From these studies, we confirmed that the first gonocytes to divide do so while separated from the basement membrane and found that, although some cells divide before moving peripherally, others do not.
Concurrent validity of the 30-item assertiveness schedule with a psychiatric population

The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS) was administered to 191 psychiatric patients, including neurotics, schizophrenics, and personality disorders. Concurrent validity of patients' RAS scores was established by finding that they correlated highly (.80 for all diagnostic categories combined) with therapists' ratings of patients' assertiveness on semantic differential scales defining a general assertiveness factor. Diagnostic group comparisons showed that assertiveness was highest among patients diagnosed as manifesting personality disorders, particularly women. Therapists generally found their more assertive patients to be happier, more active, and more strong-willed, suggesting that assertion training may be a useful treatment modality for depression.
3D Inverse Design Loading Strategy for Transonic Axial Compressor Blading

A pressure-loading tailoring scheme for transonic axial compressor blading is developed with the goal of managing the passage shock in order to reduce loss and enhance stability. This loading distribution along with other prescribed quantities is employed in a 3-D viscous inverse design procedure to refine initial rotor blade geometries of an advanced 2-stage transonic compressor. Key features of this loading strategy are discussed in the context of their impact on flow structure and performance. Results are presented showing the merits of this scheme.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Exploratory analyses to improve model fit: Errors due to misspecification and a strategy to reduce their occurrence

Two Lagrange multiplier (LM) methods may be used in specification searches for adding parameters to models: one based on univariate LM tests and respecification of the model (LM‐respecified method) and the other based on a partitioning of multivariate LM tests (LM‐incremental method). These methods may result in extraneous parameters being included in models due to either sampling error or the model being misspecified. A 2‐stage specification search may be used to reduce errors due to misspecification. In the 1st stage, parameters are added to models based on LM tests to maximize fit. Second, parameters added in the 1st stage are deleted if they are no longer necessary to maintain model fit. Illustrations are presented to demonstrate that errors due to misspecification occur with the LM‐respecified method and are even more likely with the LM‐incremental approach. These illustrations also show how the deletion stage can help eliminate some of these errors.
Differential SCR Conditioning With Two Control Baselines: Random Signal and Signal Absent

Thirty-six Ss, informed about the contingencies, were given differential SCR training with 3 different signals: CS+, CS−, and a signal which was random with respect to UCS occurrence. UCSs occurred randomly between trials and during random signal trials, were correlated with CS+ presence, and were absent during CS−. Employing nonspecific response frequency and amplitude, as well as responding during random signal trials, as baselines for comparison, evidence for both inhibitory and excitatory influences was obtained. The pattern of these influences was such as to question the proposition that a CS+ acquires general excitatory properties and a CS− acquires general inhibitory properties.
Transaktionshäufigkeit als Indikator für die Angebotsgestaltung bei deutschen Online-Brokern

Nach einer harten Konsolidierungsphase im deutschen Markt fur Online-Brokerage steht derzeit auf Grund von fehlenden externen Wachstumsphantasien die Ausschopfung der Bestandskunden im Vordergrund. Hierfur werden die Kunden in der Praxis gangigerweise in Abhangigkeit ihrer Anzahl an Transaktionen pro Zeiteinheit in Segmente eingeteilt. Aktivere Kunden bekommen dabei uber spezifisch eingerichtete Communities i. d. R. Service- und Preisvorteile offeriert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, ob sich diese am Markt haufig verwendete Einteilung uber Unterschiede in den Einstellungen der Kunden in Abhangigkeit der Transaktionshaufigkeit rechtfertigen lasst. Basis fur die Analyse ist eine Online-Umfrage aus dem Sommer 2003. Die Ergebnisse enthalten starke Indizien, dass es bei den Kunden sowohl Einstellungen gibt, die signifikant unterschiedlich sind als auch welche, die unabhangig von der Transaktionshaufigkeit sind. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf eine Marktbearbeitungsstrategie und Angebotsgestaltung diskutiert.
Ion implantation of Si in semi-insulating In0.53Ga0.47As:Fe

Ion implantation of Si in semi-insulating In0.53Ga0.47As:Fe was discussed. Electrical activation of more than 100%, a broad implant profile and an average electron mobility of 3000 cm2/Vs are observed in layers implanted with a dose of 2 × 1013 cm?2 at 260 keV and annealed at 670°C for 15 min. The results of photoluminescence measurements are also presented.
Polyolefin soluble polyisobutylene oligomer‐bound metallophthalocyanine and azo dye additives

Metallophthalocyanines prepared with polyisobutyl (PIB) substituents have very high solubility in organic solvents including saturated hydrocarbons, toluene, and other low polarity organic solvents. In heptane, PIB-bound metallophthalocyanines have solubility of about 0.1 g/mL at 25 °C, solubility values that are significantly higher than other substituted metallophthalocyanines. PIB terminally functionalized with metallophthalocyanines as well as PIB containing terminal azo dye groups also dissolve in molten hydrocarbon polymers like polyethylene or polypropylene. Thus, these highly chromogenic PIB-bound dyes can be incorporated uniformly into the polyolefins to form colored polymer solids on cooling. Because only a low concentration of a highly hydrocarbon compatible dye is used, the crystallinity and thermal properties of the colored polyolefin products are not significantly affected. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 545–551
Design of Novel Methods to Eliminate DNA Binding to Recombinant Proteins

Successful recovery of pure recombinant proteins after expression and purification is a constant challenge in molecular biology. Along with the need for purity there is also a need for high yield recovery. We have determined another challenge to pure recombinant protein expression in that proteins with high isoelectric points can bind to host bacterial DNA. We have demonstrated the presence of the protein/DNA complex using fluorescence spectroscopy. The focus of this study is to develop expression and purification methods to eliminate host bacterial nucleotide contamination. Data will be presented, using proteins with varying pI values, namely, C2B, FGF-2 , and FGF-1 on the presence and elimination of this DNA/protein complex. Studies will be presented on the effect of pH, salt, DNAase, and phospholipase on eliminating contaminant bound DNA. The effect of the host bacterial contaminant bound DNA on the structure and function of recombinant proteins will be assessed using various biophysical techniques, including multidimensional NMR spectroscopy.
Meta-Analysis of Interventions for Basic Mathematics Computation in Single-case Research

This study examined interventions for addition and subtraction that were implemented through single-case design (SCD) research studies. We attempted to extend prior SCD meta-analyses by examining differences in effect sizes across several moderating variables and by including a novel index of effect, improvement rate difference (IRD). We also examined the extent to which effect sizes differed by degree of experimental control achieved in the studies. Forty-seven effect sizes were obtained across 11 studies. IRD effect sizes ranged from .59 to .90 and suggested a moderate to large effect for the math interventions. Variables that appeared to moderate the effects were student age, time spent in intervention, and intervention type. We also identified a relationship between experimental control and the obtained effect sizes. Findings indicated that further SCD research in basic arithmetic and rigorous experiments are necessary to establish an evidence base that accurately characterizes intervention effectiveness.
Going to school with Madame Curie and Mr. Einstein: gender roles in children’s science biographies

One of the first places children encounter science and scientists is children’s literature. Children’s books about science and scientists have, however, received limited scholarly attention. By exploring the history of children’s biographies of Marie Curie and Albert Einstein, the two most written about scientist in children’s literature, this paper taps this unutilized resource to cultivate a unique perspective on the history of gender and authority in science and science education. Through analysis of explicit discussions of womanhood and science and implicit gendering of Curie and Einstein’s school experiences within these books, this study demonstrates that while much has changed in how these stories are framed the gender of the scientist is still central to how they are represented in children’s literature.
A data description language for hierarchical data files

This paper describes a data description language being implemented by the Data and Computation Center at the University of Wisconsin. This language is intended to be a candidate for a generalized language to describe hierarchical data files.The paper begins with a discussion of the objectives and restrictions of the language, continues with a complete language description and concludes with remarks on the language processor and extensions to the language.
CAPACITY LIMITATIONS, INVENTORY, AND TIME-PHASED PRODUCTION IN THE SEQUENTIAL INTERINDUSTRY MODEL

ABSTRACT A reformulation of the input-output model by the introduction of the dynamics of interindustry production leads to the Sequential Interindustry Model, SIM. Focusing on current production, in this paper an enhanced formulation of SIM is presented by the introduction of time-phased production and by an initial introduction of capacity and inventory. These enable some simple examinations of the relations between transient capacity limitations and inventory management and between the former and time-phased production. The ensuing alternative repercussions on industry-production paths are presented, and some implications for the modeling of national and regional economics are suggested.
Blow-up rate and uniqueness of singular radial solutions for a class of quasi-linear elliptic equations

We establish the uniqueness and the blow-up rate of the large positive solution of the quasi-linear elliptic problem −Δpu=λup−1−b(x)h(u) in BR(x0) with boundary condition u=+∞ on ∂BR(x0), where BR(x0) is a ball centered at x0∈RN with radius R, N⩾3, 2⩽p 0 are constants and the weight function b is a positive radially symmetrical function. We only require h(u) to be a locally Lipschitz function with h(u)/up−1 increasing on (0,∞) and h(u)∼uq−1 for large u with q>p−1. Our results extend the previous work [Z. Xie, Uniqueness and blow-up rate of large solutions for elliptic equation −Δu=λu−b(x)h(u), J. Differential Equations 247 (2009) 344–363] from case p=2 to case 2⩽p<∞.
The Role of Attention in Russell's Theory of Knowledge

In his Problems of Philosophy, Bertrand Russell distinguished knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge of truths. This paper argues for a new interpretation of the relationship between these two species of knowledge. I argue that knowledge by acquaintance of an object neither suffices for knowledge that one is acquainted with the object, nor puts a subject in a position to know that she is acquainted with the object. These conclusions emerge from a thorough examination of the central role played by attention in Russell's theory of knowledge. Attention bridges the gap between knowledge by acquaintance and our capacity to form judgements about the objects of acquaintance.
Metronidazole-induced susceptibility of adult mice to intestinalClostridium botulinum colonization

Clostridium botulinum type A spore challenges were given orogastrically to adult mice that had been treated with metronidazole. The organism multiplied in the intestinal tract for up to five days if it was administered 9–48 h after the last dose of metronidazole. The known antibacterial spectrum of metronidazole indicated that obligate anaerobic bacteria are important in the natural resistance of adult mice to colonization byC. botulinum, but treatment with the antimicrobial agent did not reduce the number of these bacteria in the cecum and colon.
Making student thinking visible by examining discussion during group testing

In the project described in this chapter, discussions during group exams were analyzed to gain insight into how students make group decisions for their answers and the implications of their decision-making methods for deepening student understanding.
Molar Size Sequence in the Great Apes: Gorilla, Orangutan, and Chimpanzee

In ape dentitions the common molar size sequence is assumed to be MC greater than M2 greater than M1. This sequence is held in contrast to the assumed human sequence, M1 greater than M2 greater than M3. Using mesiodistal, buccolingual, and cross-sectional area dimensions, this study indicates that the molar size progression in all three great ape species varies extensively from the assumed sequence.
Efficient spreaders for cooling high-power computer chips

Abstract Investigated is the performance of composite spreaders, consisting of a top layer of porous graphite (⩾0.4 mm), for enhanced cooling by nucleate boiling of FC-72 dielectric liquid, and a copper substrate (⩽1.6 mm), for efficient spreading of the dissipated thermal power by the underling 10 × 10 mm or 15 × 15 mm high-power computer chips. The analysis assumes uniform thermal power dissipation by the chips and calculates the square surface area of the spreader, along with the spreading, boiling and total thermal resistances, the maximum chip temperature, and the removed thermal power from the spreader surface by saturation or subcooled nucleate boiling of FC-72 liquid. These performance parameters are determined as functions of the thickness of the copper substrate and the size of the underlying chip. When compared with those of copper and porous graphite spreaders of the same total thickness, 2.0 mm, the performance of the composite spreaders is superior for cooling high-power computer chips. When cooled by nucleate boiling of 30 K subcooled FC-72 liquid, the composite spreader removes 160.3 W and 98.4 W of dissipated thermal power by the underlying 10 × 10 mm and 15 × 15 mm chips, at total thermal resistances of 0.29 and 0.48 °C/W. When the same spreader is cooled by saturation boiling of FC-72, the removed thermal power decreases to 85.6 W and 53.4 W, and the total thermal resistances also decrease to 0.12 and 0.20 °C/W, respectively. Although the calculated surface temperatures of the chips are not uniform, the maximum temperatures are
Roll Call Data and Ideal Points 1

We show that, in the absence of symmetry or other parametric restrictions on legislators' utility functions, roll call voting records cannot be used to estimate legislators' ideal points unless we complement these data with information on the location of the alternatives being voted upon by the legislature. Without such additional information, the roll-call data cannot differentiate between distinct, arbitrary, sets of ideal points for the legislators no matter how large the roll call record or how low the number of policy dimensions. On the other hand, when the location of voting alternatives is known, we derive simple testable restrictions on the location of legislators' ideal points from the roll call data.
Effect of GH-releasing factor and GH-inhibiting factor on the release and concentration of GH in pituitaries incubated in vitro.

Pituitaries were incubated in vitro for 5 hr and the quantity of GH released into the medium and remaining in the glands was bioassayed by the “tibia test.” Incubation was associated with a slight decline in the total GH in the system obtained by adding that released to that remaining in the pituitaries. There was considerable release of GH into the medium which amounted to 35% of the total GH in the system at the end of the incubation. The addition of GH-releasing factor (GRF) increased the release of GH and also increased the GH remaining in the glands by a factor of nearly 3 above the level of the controls incubated in the absence of extract in each of 6 experiments. These results indicate that GRF increases the synthesis as well as release of GH. An alternate explanation would be that GRF causes the activation of a precursor molecule to GH. GH-inhibiting factor (GIF) inhibited the release of GH as indicated by a decrease in the quantity released into the medium, but had no definite effect on that rema...
Health in the African American Community: Accounting for Health Inequalities

African Americans are at a higher risk of having a variety of health problems and have less access to health care than white Americans. This article explores these health inequalities and their explanations. Three conventional models of health inequalities—a racial-genetic model, a health behavior or lifestyle model, and a socioeconomic status model—are examined and found to be insufficient to account for observed disparities. A fourth alternative, termed a “social structural model,” is proposed. In this model, it is argued that the primary index of ethnic status, namely skin color, serves as a criterion of social class in color-conscious societies such as that of the United States. This alters social mobility processes and creates health inequalities for African Americans.
Active endfire antenna elements and power combiners using notch antennas

A Gunn device integrated with a planar, endfire notch antenna is described. A simple transmission-line model, has been developed to optimize the passive and active circuit parameters. An electronic tuning bandwidth of 275 MHz centered at 9.33 GHz with a maximum power output of 37.5 mW was accomplished. Two active notches in a broadside array configuration were injection-locked at 9.484 GHz with a 30-MHz locking bandwidth and well over 90% power combining efficiency. >
Behavioral effects of nicotine withdrawal differ by genetic strain in male and female adolescent rats.

Introduction: Gender and ethnicity are powerful predictors of initiation and maintenance of cigarette smoking in adults but less is known about their role in smoking in adolescents. Consistent with human studies, rat models also reveal sex and strain differences in response to nicotine administration. Methods: This research examined nicotine withdrawal behaviors in 96 adolescent, male and female, Sprague Dawley (SD) and Long Evans (LE) rats. Rats received seven days continuous subcutaneous infusion of saline or 3.16 mg/kg nicotine via Alzet osmotic minipumps. Behavioral observations were made before, during, and after saline or nicotine administration. Occurrences of six specific behaviors were quantified: abnormal posture or movement, abnormal grooming, whole-body shakes, ptosis, empty-mouth chewing/teeth chattering, and diarrhea. Results: SD male and female rats that received nicotine displayed significantly more withdrawal behaviors 1 and 2 days after cessation of nicotine administration compared with rats that had received saline. LE male rats that received nicotine displayed significantly more withdrawal behaviors 1 day but not 2 days after cessation of nicotine administration compared with males that received saline. LE females showed no significant withdrawal behaviors after cessation of nicotine administration. Conclusion: Results indicate that nicotine withdrawal in adolescent rats depends on sex and strain.
Soil phosphorus flux from emergent marsh wetlands and surrounding grazed pasture uplands

Abstract Phosphorus (P) release from wetland soils to overlying waters is important to consider when restoring wetland hydrology. Soil physicochemical characteristics influence P dynamics between underlying soil and overlying water. Our study initially characterized wetland and surrounding upland soils prior to flooding. Deep marsh wetland soils had greater moisture content, soil organic matter, nitrogen (N), P, and lower bulk density than surrounding upland pasture soils, which indicates a nutrient concentration gradient between wetland and upland soils. To determine the short-term P dynamics between soils and overlying water, we conducted four laboratory soil water core studies during a 15-month period. Surface soils (0-10 cm) collected October 2005, February 2006, October 2006 and December 2006 from wetlands and their surrounding uplands within cow-calf grazed pastures were flooded for 7 days, and we measured P release from soil to overlying water. Phosphorus release rates from wetland (deep marsh and shallow marsh) and upland soils were similar. Values ranged between −20 mg m −2 d −1 (retention) and 77 mg m −2 d −1 (release). There was a significant, although weak, negative linear relationship between P release from deep marsh soils and hydroperiod. Thus, it may be important for land managers to consider increasing hydroperiod of wetland soils to decrease P release and increase retention. In addition, there was a significant negative exponential relationship between P release and days since deep marsh soil inundation. This suggests that to decrease P release from soils, soils should be wet rather than dry for prolonged periods, prior to flooding. We found significant relationships between P release from upland soils and their nutrient content (N, P and carbon). Reducing nutrient content in upland soils may help reduce the magnitude of P release from soil.
Enzyme-Responsive Delivery of Multiple Proteins with Spatiotemporal Control

Orchestrated biological materials such as enzymes and growth factors regulate the growth of tissues and organs. A chirality-controlled, single-protein technology is devised to tailor the spatiotemporally defined delivery of therapeutic proteins in response to natural enzymes present at wound sites. Sustained delivery of one protein and sequential delivery of two proteins are demonstrated for stroke and skin wound healing.
Loss aversion and a kinked demand curve: evidence from contingent behaviour analysis of seafood consumers

Several laboratory experiments and market-based research in the fields of psychology, economics and marketing have provided increasing evidence of individuals exhibiting loss aversion tendencies, with decision-making based on a pre-existing reference point. This creates an S-shaped value function and associated kink in the demand curve. This research provides contingent behaviour analysis of 1790 seafood consumers across the Mid-Atlantic region. A survey is specifically designed to elicit respondents’ change in consumption from their reference point when faced with price variations in the seafood market. Results from a Tobit model with random effects provide empirical support of consumers behaving in a manner consistent with loss aversion theory, revealing a kinked demand curve for seafood meals at the respondents’ reference point.
Operational evolution of an integrated URET/CPDLC capability

The MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) is supporting the evolution to Free Flight. For Free Flight Phase 1 (FFP1), CAASD developed the User Request Evaluation Tool (URET), which provides problem prediction and notification capabilities, as well as sector-level problem resolution capabilities via manual trial planning. An evolutionary approach to introducing new en route sector capabilities is being used. The integration of URET with the Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) offers the potential to improve safety and efficiency in the NAS. MITRE CAASD has developed an initial capability to evaluate the integration concept. The purpose of this initial capability is to assess en route controllers' interactions with an integrated URET/CPDLC capability and identify information display requirements. A simulated CPDLC messaging capability has been integrated in a research version of the URET En Route Research Prototype at MITRE CAASD. This integrated capability allows a controller to simulate the exchange of a limited set of CPDLC messages with aircraft through an enhanced URET Computer Human Interface (CHI.) This paper describes the stand-alone URET and CPDLC functionality, conceptual levels of integration, and a concept of use for an integrated capability. Next the URET/CPDLC integrated capability is described. A scenario describing the use of the integrated capabilities is presented. Finally, the initial results of the evaluation using this capability and the next steps in its development are discussed.
Contrast enhancement in experimental radiation‐induced liver injury: Comparison of hepatocellular and reticuloendothelial particulate contrast agents

We compared the liver enhancement of two superparamagnetic agents, polycrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (PION) and PION coated with asialofetuin (ASF), in an experimental model of focal radiation-induced hepatitis. PION, a reticuloendothelial system-directed agent, and PION-ASF, a hepatocellular-directed agent, were compared for time-dependent liver enhancement in an experimental model of radiation-induced liver injury. Using the reticuloendothelial system (RES)-directed PION, the normal, nonirradiated portion of the liver decreased in signal intensity (SI) with a mean negative enhancement of -66% +/- 4, whereas the irradiated portion (60 Gy, 3 days before imaging) of the liver decreased in SI by -24% +/- 2, significantly less (P <.05). SI changes in irradiated liver tissue using PION were dose-dependent, being more pronounced with lower radiation exposure. The difference in SI changes induced by PION-ASF between irradiated and nonirradiated liver was not statistically different, but SI decreased with a mean negative enhancement of -80% +/- 2. The RES-directed PION is more sensitive for the detection of radiation-induced hepatitis than is the hepatocyte-directed PION-ASF. The insensitivity of PION-ASF enhancement for diffuse liver injury may be clinically advantageous for detecting focal lesions in the presence of diffuse hepatic injury.
Infection by Powdery Mildew Erysiphe cruciferarum (Erysiphaceae) Strongly Affects Growth and Fitness of Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae)

Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is an invasive biennial that negatively impacts plant and animal communities throughout North America and lacks significant herbivory in its invasive range. Throughout Ohio, many garlic mustard populations support the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum, although disease incidence varies among populations and environments. Effects of infection on plant growth, as well as both plant and fungal responses to drought and light conditions, were examined on greenhouse-grown, first-year garlic mustard plants. Also, the effects of the fungus on plant growth and fitness were studied in a naturally growing population of second-year plants in the field. Powdery mildew significantly reduced growth of first-year plants in the greenhouse, eventually causing complete mortality. Simulated drought slowed both plant growth and disease development, independent of light conditions. In the field, plants with little incidence of disease after their first year grew taller during their second year, producing significantly more siliques and twice as many seeds as heavily diseased plants did. Seed germination rates did not differ between plants with different levels of disease severity. Consistent reductions in survival, growth, and fitness caused by fungal infection may reduce populations of garlic mustard. These effects may be more evident in moist sites that favor fungal development.
Cardiac transplantation: clinical correlates of psychiatric outcome.

Seventy cardiac transplantation cases were studied to determine the association between psychiatric disturbances, psychosocial adjustment, and postoperative course. Fourteen of 19 patients for which reservations were expressed about suitability for transplantation developed postoperative surgical or psychiatric complications. Psychiatric complications, mostly organic mental disorders, occurred in 24 of 70 patients postoperatively; 10 patients manifested a steroid-induced psychosis, and seven manifested psychosis induced by renal, hepatic, or other end-stage organ disease. Affective disturbances also were prominent, usually occurring later in the postoperative course; 11 affectively ill patients required psychiatric intervention and follow-up. The study demonstrated a significant association between assignment of a preoperative DSM-IJI Axis I diagnosis and dissatisfaction with surgical outcome (12% of sample, p
A characterization of oriented hypergraphic balance via signed weak walks

Abstract An oriented hypergraph is a hypergraph where each vertex-edge incidence is given a label of +1 or −1, and each adjacency is signed the negative of the product of the incidences. An oriented hypergraph is balanced if the product of the adjacencies in each circle is positive. We provide a combinatorial interpretation for entries of k th power of the oriented hypergraphic Laplacian via the number of signed weak walks of length k . Using closed weak walks we prove a new characterization of balance for oriented hypergraphs and matrices that generalizes Harary's Theorem for signed graphs.
Use of Immersive Virtual Environments to Understand Human-Building Interactions and Improve Building Design

Previous research has shown occupants’ behavior and interactions with building systems and components have a significant impact on the total energy consumption of buildings. Incorporating occupant requirements to the design process could result in better operations, and therefore, improve the total energy consumption of buildings. Currently, buildings are primarily designed based on several common assumptions about occupant requirements, which in many cases are incorrect and result in inefficiencies during the buildings’ operation phase. With the recent improvements in the fields of virtual and augmented reality, designers now have the opportunity to accurately collect and analyze occupants’ behavioral information. In this research, through the use of immersive virtual environments, the influence of different design features on end-user behavior (preferences and patterns) and performances are examined. A case study is presented, in which the authors measure the end-users’ lighting preferences to better understand the impact of preferences on end-users’ performances and lighting-related energy consumption.
Correlator product state study of molecular magnetism in the giant Keplerate Mo 72 Fe 30

We have studied the properties of the giant Keplerate molecular magnet Mo_(72)Fe_(30), as a function of applied magnetic field, using the correlator product state (CPS) tensor network ansatz. The magnet is modeled with an S=5/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Hamiltonian on the 30-site icosidodecahedron lattice, a model for which exact diagonalization is infeasible. The CPS ansatz produces significant improvements in variational energies relative to previous studies using the density matrix renormalization group, a result of its superior ability to handle strong correlation in two-dimensional spin systems. The CPS results reaffirm that the ground-state energies adhere qualitatively to the parabolic progression of the rotational band model (RBM), but show important deviations near 1/3 of the saturation field. These deviations predict anomalous behavior in the differential magnetization and heat capacity that can not be explained by the RBM alone. Finally, we show that these energetic deviations originate from a qualitative change in the ground state that resembles a finite-size analog of a phase transition.
Long-Term Core Behavior

This chapter addresses the long-term changes that occur over the lifetime of a power reactor core. These changes are most directly tied to the evolution of the fuel composition and its by-products as a function of time. They fall into three categories namely the buildup and decay of radioactive products of fission, fuel depletion, and the buildup of actinides resulting from neutron capture in fissile and fertile materials. These phenomena take place on time scales that are substantially long. Whereas fission products have half-lives from seconds to decades, many such as xenon and samarium, have half-lives of several hours or more. The effects of fuel depletion are measured on yet longer time scales, typically weeks, months, or years. The chapter explains the process of xenon poisoning which is the exceedingly large absorption cross section of the isotope xenon-135, resulting in the most substantial fission product effects on reactor operation. The chapter also explains in detail the topics of fission product buildup and decay, fuel depletion, and the fission product and actinide inventories.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is comprised of Crohn’s disease (CD), characterized by transmural inflammation involving the entire GI tract and ulcerative colitis (UC), which involves the mucosal lining of the colon. IBD results from a complex interplay between genetic factors and environmental triggers. It is believed that aberrant innate immune responses to commensal flora play an important role in IBD pathogenesis. Genome-wide association studies have identified 99 non-overlapping susceptibility loci for IBD. The analysis of these genetic loci underscores the importance of several pathways that are involved in the maintenance of gut homeostasis: epithelial restitution and barrier function, regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, microbial defense, and autophagy. Older treatment strategies are directed toward immune suppression, while newer therapies target members of the recently discovered molecular pathways, such as proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, providing a better prognosis and quality of life to patients with IBD.
Design and Construction of Generalizable RNA-Protein Hybrid Controllers by Level-Matched Genetic Signal Amplification

For synthetic biology applications, protein-based transcriptional genetic controllers are limited in terms of orthogonality, modularity, and portability. Although ribozyme-based switches can address these issues, their current two-stage architectures and limited dynamic range hinder their broader incorporation into systems-level genetic controllers. Here, we address these challenges by implementing an RNA-protein hybrid controller with a three-stage architecture that introduces a transcription-based amplifier between an RNA sensor and a protein actuator. To facilitate the construction of these more complex circuits, we use a model-guided strategy to efficiently match the activities of stages. The presence of the amplifier enabled the three-stage controller to have up to 200-fold higher gene expression than its two-stage counterpart and made it possible to implement higher-order controllers, such as multilayer Boolean logic and feedback systems. The modularity inherent in the three-stage architecture along with the sensing flexibility of RNA devices presents a generalizable framework for designing and building sophisticated genetic control systems.
Pediatric neuro MRI: tricks to minimize sedation.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the workhorse modality in pediatric neuroimaging because it provides excellent soft-tissue contrast without ionizing radiation. Until recently, studies were uninterpretable without sedation; however, given development of shorter sequences, sequences that correct for motion, and studies showing the potentially deleterious effects of sedation on immature laboratory animals, it is prudent to minimize sedation when possible. This manuscript provides basic guidelines for performing pediatric neuro MRI without sedation by both modifying technical factors to reduce scan time and noise, and using a multi-disciplinary team to coordinate imaging with the patient’s biorhythms.
George Andrew Olah (1927–2017)

George A. Olah, the recipient of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his groundbreaking work on superacids that led to isolation and observation of long lived carbocations, passed away on 8 March 2017 at his home in Beverly Hills, California.
Generation and Characterization of α9 and α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Knockout Mice on a C57BL/6J Background

We generated constitutive knockout mouse models for the α9 and α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits by derivation from conditional knockouts by breeding with CRE deleter mice. We then backcrossed them onto a C57BL/6J genetic background. In this manuscript, we report the generation of the strains and an auditory phenotypic characterization of the constitutive α9 and α10 knockouts and a double α9α10 constitutive knockout. Although the α9 and α10 nAChR subunits are relevant to a number of physiological measures, we chose to characterize the mouse with auditory studies to compare them to existing but different α9 and α10 nAChR knockouts (KOs). Auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) showed that all constitutive mouse strains had normal hearing. DPOAEs with contralateral noise (efferent adaptation measurements), however, showed that efferent strength was significantly reduced after deletion of both the α9 and α10 subunits, in comparison to wildtype controls. Animals tested were 3-8 wks of age and efferent strength was not correlated with age. Confocal studies of single and double constitutive KOs showed that all KOs had abnormal efferent innervation of cochlear hair cells. The morphological results are similar to those obtained in other strains using constitutive deletion of exon 4 of α9 or α10 nAChR. The results of our physiological studies, however, differ from previous auditory studies using a α9 KO generated by deletion of the exon 4 region and backcrossed onto a mixed CBA/CaJ X 129Sv background.
Toward understanding creative placemaking in a socio-political context

Abstract The 21st century has been witness to significant changes in technology and individual behavior, yet despite those changes we still look to traditional forms of political engagement to explain contemporary political phenomena. This project explores a new form of associational behavior: creative placemaking. Driven by the work of urban and community planners, creative placemaking seeks to activate a public-facing space through the deliberate actions of people in a built environment. With interviews of 24 individuals in the greater Cincinnati area we explore the nature of creative placemaking using the tools of social science. Our inquiry is focused on distilling how these individuals define placemaking and the outcomes and implications of that behavior. Interviewees consistently highlight goal-oriented placemaking and projects deemed “authentic” for the neighborhoods of focus with significant emphasis placed on participation, connections, and pride in one's community. Our study also finds that placemaking is not an exclusively urban phenomenon, with placemaking events taking place well outside Cincinnati's urban counties. And while policy can be a roadblock for placemaking, it is not insurmountable. In sum, this project begins to answer important research questions about engagement in the 21st century while elucidating a robust research agenda.
Three-Year Outcomes of the Prospective, Randomized Controlled Rezūm System Study: Convective Radiofrequency Thermal Therapy for Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Objective To report 3-year outcomes of a prospective, multicenter, randomized, blinded control trial after treatment with convective radiofrequency (RF) water vapor thermal therapy for moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods Fifteen centers enrolled and randomized 197 men ≥50 years old with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥13, maximum flow rate (Qmax) ≤15 mL/s, and prostate volume 30 to 80 cc to thermal therapy with Rezūm System or control (2:1). Rigid cystoscopy with simulated active treatment sound effects served as the control procedure. Convective RF thermal energy was delivered into obstructive prostate tissue including the median lobe as needed. After randomized comparison at 3 months, thermal therapy subjects were followed annually for 3 years. Results Convective RF thermal therapy yielded IPSS improvement of 160% compared with control subjects at 3 months (P Conclusion The minimally invasive convective RF thermal therapy is an office or ambulatory outpatient procedure with minimal transient perioperative side effects. It provides early effective and durable relief of BPH symptoms with preservation of sexual function in subjects followed up for 3 years and is applicable to treatment of the median lobe and hyperplastic central zone tissue.