cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a 3D-OSEM algorithm in the reconstruction of selected portions of the gated-SPECT cardiac cycle.

2232 Objectives New 3D-OSEM algorithms have been reported to preserve resolution and image quality in low count density, half-time SPECT acquisitions. This investigation evaluated the feasibility of using Siemens Flash 3D (3D) algorithm to reconstruct selected portions of the gated-SPECT study in an effort to minimize the blurring caused by cardiac motion. Methods The raw data of 28 patient studies with reported stress defects were collected. Stress, Tc-99m sestamibi gated-SPECT studies were acquired with 64 projections, 25 sec/projection and 8-frames/cardiac cycle. Ungated tomograms were reconstructed with filtered-back projection (FBP) and 3D. Two diastolic and 2 systolic frames were extracted from the gated-SPECT acquisition, summed and reconstructed with both FBP and 3D. Stress defect size and severity analysis was performed using Invia’s Corridor-4DM. An expert reader scored each reconstruction for subjective image quality on a scale of 1 (excellent) to 4 (poor). Results For ungated reconstructions, 3D had a greater defect extent and severity than FBP with no difference or quality. Diastolic imaging with 3D also had significantly larger defects vs. ungated FBP and trended larger vs ungated 3D. Quality was significantly better using 3D vs. FBP in diastolic and systolic imaging (p Conclusions Flash 3D reconstruction of ungated and diastolic gated-SPECT imaging produced larger defect sizes while preserving image quality. Diastolic 3D imaging has the potential to allow improved detection of stress defects. Further study is warranted.
Embryonic Poly(A)-Binding Protein Is Required During Early Stages of Mouse Oocyte Development for Chromatin Organization, Transcriptional Silencing, and Meiotic Competence

During oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development until zygotic genome activation (ZGA), transcription is suppressed, and gene expression is dependent upon the timely activation of stored mRNAs. Embryonic poly(A)-binding protein (EPAB) is the predominant poly(A)-binding protein in Xenopus, mouse, and human oocytes and early embryos and is important for regulating translational activation of maternally stored mRNAs. EPAB is critical for early development because Epab(-/-) female mice do not produce mature eggs and are infertile. In this study, we further characterize morphological and molecular aspects of Epab(-/-) oocytes. We demonstrated that Epab(-/-) oocytes are smaller in size, contain peripheral germinal vesicles, and are loosely associated with cumulus cells. The chromatin reorganization of the surrounded nucleolus (SN) configuration and transcriptional silencing that normally occurs during oocyte growth does not occur in Epab(-/-) oocytes. Interestingly, microinjection of Epab mRNA into Epab(-/-) preantral follicle-enclosed oocytes rescues reorganization of chromatin and oocyte maturation to metaphase II. Overall, these results demonstrate an important role for EPAB during oocyte growth and the acquisition of meiotic competence.
6-Epiophiobolin A and 3-anhydro-6-epiophiobolin A—host specific phytotoxins of Drechslera maydis (race T)

Abstract 6-Epiophiobolin A and 3-anhydro-6-epiophiobolin A were isolated from Drechslera maydis race T, the causal agent of Southern corn leaf blight in Tex
Size scaling and its effect on letter detection

Two ways of scaling letter size across eccentricity were investigated in a choice reaction time (CRT) task. Experiments 1 and 2 tested cortical magnification theory (M-scaling), while Experiment 3 used scaled sizes drawn from Anstis’s regression formula (A-scaling). Experiment 4 compared both scaling techniques, together with the effect of exposure duration and the absolute size of the foveal letter. Results showed that scaling effectiveness improved when large rather than small foveal letters were used. A-scaling with a large foveal letter provided a good fit for the data at parafoveal locations, but underestimated the letter sizes needed at large eccentricities. M-scaling with a large foveal letter size produced CRTs that were independent of eccentricity. Exposure duration did not substantially affect performance.
This Pain in My Neck Living Conscientization and/as Paradox of Praxis

This article offers a series of autoethnographic reflections on suffering from physical symptoms associated with a paradox of praxis. More specifically, it mediates on the musculoskeletal pangs that come with a raised critical consciousness—or what Paulo Freire refers to in his teaching as conscientizacao—that stands as directly incongruent to living (in) the embodied politics of an incessantly aspirational working class habitus (and various machinations of social mobility).
Complications following one-bone forearm surgery for posttraumatic forearm and distal radioulnar joint instability

Purpose To present the outcomes after one-bone forearm (OBF) surgery for chronic posttraumatic forearm and distal radioulnar joint instability. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review to study patients who underwent OBF surgery because of a traumatic etiology. We collected patient demographics, surgical technique, preoperative and postoperative range of motion, final grip strength, and complications from the medical records. Patients were asked to complete the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire, a 0- to 10-point pain scale, and a 0- to 10-point treatment satisfaction scale. Results There were 5 male and 5 female patients, with a mean age of 32 years at the time of OBF surgery (range, 17–44 y). The mean number of procedures before OBF surgery was 3.6 (range, 2–7); 4 patients had undergone a Darrach procedure and 3 patients had undergone a Sauve-Kapandji procedure. The median clinical follow-up duration was 6 years (range, 1–17 y). Wrist and elbow range of motion did not change remarkably before and after surgery. Of 8 primary OBF surgeries, 3 resulted in nonunion. Of 10 patients, 4 experienced painful impingement of the remaining proximal radius on adjacent bone and soft tissue and required a total of 7 procedures after OBF surgery. The median follow-up duration for patient-rated outcomes was 10 years (range, 5–21 y; n = 7). The median Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire score was 77, the median pain score was 7, and the median satisfaction score was 7. Conclusions In our experience, complications after OBF surgery are common. Although wrist and elbow range of motion were spared, pain persisted and functional outcomes were poor. One-bone forearm surgery is our last resort for a chronically painful and unstable forearm. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Planning Twentieth Century Capital Cities David L. A. Gordon (Ed.)

Routledge, London, 2006 (hbk), 2009 (pbk), 400pp, £80(hbk), £24.99 (pbk), ISBN-10 0415280613, ISBN-13: 978-0415280617 (hbk); ISBN-10 0415557344, ISBN-13 978-0415557344 (pbk) David Gordon, a plannin...
Immunocytochemical localization of intermediate filament proteins during lymphocyte capping

Abstract Using double immuno-fluorescence techniques on frozen-thick sections, we have examined the fate of intermediate filaments during Con A receptor capping in lympnoid cells. Our results indicate that during capping intermediate filaments are preferrentially aggregated between the surface receptor cap structure and the cell nucleus. It is possible, therefore, that intermediate filaments are directly involved in lympnocyte capping.
Insufficient evidence exists to evaluate effects of blood transfusions and iron therapy for treatment of anaemia in patients with heart disease—erythropoietin agonists do not improve outcomes

Commentary on: Kansagara D, Dyer E, Englander H, et al. Treatment of anemia in patients with heart disease: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2013;159:746–57.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] The prevalence of anaemia ranges from 20% to 40% in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and is nearly 50% in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Anaemia is an independent predictor of poor clinical outcomes in patients with heart disease.1 ,2 Targeting anaemia to improve clinical outcomes is therefore a logical inference, with recent interest being largely driven by trials evaluating erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs) and one trial of intravenous iron therapy in CHF. Although recently reported Reduction of Events with Darbepoetin Alfa in Heart Failure (RED-HF) trial demonstrated no benefit of darbepoetin in CHF,3 clinical equipoise exists with … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnn%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D159%26rft.spage%253D746%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.7326%252F0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00007%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F24297191%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00007&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=24297191&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F4%2F139.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000328731000004&link_type=ISI
Vacuum Fluctuation at the Teat End During Mechanical Milking

Abstract The underlying causes of vacuum fluctuation at the teat end during mechanical milking were studied. Four cows were used to determine the effects of milk flow rate, alterations of the milk collection system, and changes in air inlet on vacuum fluctuation. When the milking machine was operated as recommended by the manufacturer, there was considerable vacuum fluctuation at the teat end during maximum milk flow. Type of pulsation, internal diameter of the milk collection system, and amount and location of air admission all affected vacuum fluctuation. After milk stopped flowing from all four teats, the vacuum at the teat end was quite stable throughout each pulsation cycle in all of the various types of milking machines used.
Challenging Audiences: Critical Ethnography in/for Oceania

The key thread I use to weave these contributions together is the politics of reception (or ‘audience’). Consequently, I invite readers to treat my contribution (somewhat unconventionally) more as ...
Indigenous knowledge and the politics of classification

political science at Yale University, conducts research on institutional change, environmental politics, and development. His research has appeared in such journals as Comparative Political Studies, Development and Change, Journal of Asian Studies, Journal of Theoretical Politics, and World Development. His first book was Greener Pastures: Politics, Markets and Community among a Migrant Pastoral People (1999). He is now writing a book entitled Environmentality. Email: arun.agrawal@yale.edu Indigenous knowledge and the politics of classification*
Generalised vortex rings with and without swirl

Steady solutions of the Euler equations for flow of an inviscid incompressible fluid may be obtained by considering the process of magnetic relaxation to analogous magnetostatic equilibria in a viscous perfectly conducting fluid. In particular, solutions which represent rotational disturbances propagating without change of structure in an unbounded fluid may be obtained by this method. When conditions are axisymmetric, these disturbances are vortex rings of general structure, which may include a swirl component of velocity. This situation is analysed in some detail, and it is shown that the vortex is characterised by two functions: V(ψ), the volume within toroidal surfaces ψ = cst. and W(ψ), the toroidal volume flux inside the torus ψ = cst. For each choice of {V(ψ), W(ψ)}, satisfying appropriate limit conditions, there exists at least one vortex ring of steady structure.
Palladium and magnesium nitrates, a more universal modifier for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract A mixture of palladium and magnesium nitrates was found to be a very powerful modifier for the determination of As, Bi, In, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te and Tl in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Thermal pretreatment temperatures of 900-1400°C can be used with the proposed modifier. This is in most cases substantially more than what can be applied with the modifiers recommended up to now, so that separation of the analyte from the concomitants should be easier. This is shown to be true for the determination of lead in sea water and of selenium in biological materials. Optimum atomization temperatures are more uniform and typically around 2000°C for the investigated elements when the palladium and magnesium nitrates mixed modifier is used. This modifier therefore allows the use of common conditions for all the investigated elements with a minimum sacrifice in sensitivity, an important pre-requirement for multi-element furnace techniques. The proposed mixed modifier also minimizes the risk of contamination because palladium as well as magnesium nitrate can be obtained in high purity, and both elements are infrequently determined in the graphite furnace.
Effect of maturation on the development and reproducibility of audiogenic and electroshock seizures in mice.

Abstract Audiogenic seizures were studied in Frings mice 1 to 364 days of age and in O'Grady mice 1 to 60 days of age. The sequential development of audiogenic seizures was very similar in both strains. Although all animals ultimately developed ability to exhibit a maximal audiogenic seizure, the majority of mice retained this exquisite sensitivity to sound for only a short period of time. Electroshock seizures were studied in the two sound-susceptible strains and in one sound-resistant strain (CF No. 1). The development of the electroshock-seizure pattern was remarkably similar in all three strains of mice and resembled that of the audiogenic-seizure pattern. However, all three strains continued to respond maximally to electroshock throughout life. The development and reproducibility of seizures were not altered by previous auditory or electroshock stimulation. The data suggest that, in audiogenic seizure susceptible and nonsusceptible mice, there are no obvious differences in the maturation of the cntral nervous systems with respect to ability to respond to seizure-evoking stimuli.
Immunogenicity of attenuated measles virus engineered to express Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein.

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped microorganism associated with acute and chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and gastric lymphomas in humans. H. pylori neutrophil-activating protein (NAP) is a major virulence factor playing a central role in pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation by immune cell attraction and Th1 cytokine response polarization. NAP is protective antigen and promising vaccine candidate against H. pylori infection. Here we present the development of measles virus (MV) vaccine strain encoding the NAP antigen. In order to facilitate the extracellular transport and detection, NAP was inserted in the human lambda immunoglobulin chain replacing a major part of the variable domain. We generated two MV vectors expressing secretory NAP forms: MV-lambda-NAP encoding the full-length constant lambda light chain domain and MV-s-NAP encoding only the N-terminus of the lambda light chain with the leader peptide. Immunization of MV permissive Ifnarko-CD46Ge transgenic mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of the NAP-expressing strains induced a robust, long-term humoral and cellular immune response against MV. Nine months post vaccination measles-neutralizing antibody titers were above the serum level considered protective for humans. Furthermore, all animals immunized with MV strains expressing the secretory NAP antigen developed strong humoral immunity against NAP, reaching titers >1:10,000 within 2–4 weeks. IFN-γ ELISpot assay confirmed that NAP-encoding MV vectors can also stimulate NAP-specific cell-mediated immunity. Our data demonstrate that MV is an excellent vector platform for expression of bacterial antigens and development of vaccines for H. pylori immunoprophylaxis in humans.
Detecting proteins containing 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine by silver staining of polyacrylamide gels

Proteins in which some or all of the tyrosine side chains are post-translationally modified to dihydroxyphenylalanine have been found in several invertebrate phyla. In this paper we describe the unusual silver-staining properties of these 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa)-proteins in silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. Our evidence suggests that the rapid silver staining of these proteins is due to the 3,4-dihydroxyphenol ring which is a highly effective reducing agent in the alkaline development conditions used in the final step of most silver-staining procedures. Normal proteins comprising the standard 20 amino acids and tyrosine on its own, do not reduce silver under these conditions. Pretreatment of the gels with acid-dichromate solutions abrogates the rapid staining of the Dopa-proteins. This rapid silver-staining technique will facilitate the rapid screening of many additional organisms for Dopa-proteins using sodium dodecyl sulfate gels and small amounts of tissue.
Photosynthetic phosphorylation in a partially purified system.

Abstract The pH optimum for photosynthetic phosphorylation by spinach chloroplasts is found to be 8.0. The reaction can be measured, when run in bicarbonate buffer with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as carbon dioxide uptake, due to the pH change as phosphate uptake occurs. An extractable enzymic factor necessary for phosphorylation to proceed has been purified ten-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The extracted enzyme will stimulate phosphorylation by washed or unwashed chloroplasts. In the latter instance, maximal rates of uptake of about 200 μmoles of phosphate/mg chlorophyll/h can be observed. Some implications of this rapid rate of phosphorylation are discussed. Washed chloroplasts will esterify phosphate if the extracted and purified factor is added back. The co-factor requirements in this purified system have been investigated, and are essentially the same as those originally reported.
Generally covariant nonlinear electrodynamics with a tensor potential

A generally covariant nonlinear electrodynamics with a tensor potential, constructed in analogy with Einstein's theory of gravitation, is proposed. It is shown that in weak electromagnetic fields (E, H < 1013 cgsoe units) the tensor electrodynamics passes over to the usual linear vector electrodynamics of Maxwell and Lorentz. The problem of the self-energy of a charge is solved in the framework of the proposed electrodynamics.
Basic Calcium Phosphate Crystals Activate c-fos Expression Through a Ras/ERK Dependent Signaling Mechanism

Diseases caused by calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) and basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals occur frequently in osteoarthritic joints. Both crystals induce mitogenesis, metalloproteinase synthesis and secretion by fibroblasts and chondrocytes, promoting degradation of articular tissue. We investigated the mechanism by which BCP activates the c-fos proto-oncogene, which has been shown to activate various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We demonstrate that BCP crystals induce c-fos expression primarily through a Ras/ERK-dependent signaling mechanism targeting two highly conserved regulatory binding sites, the serum response element (SRE) and the cAMP response element (CRE). These results establish a calcium crystal induced, calcium/calmodulin independent, signaling pathway in which BCP crystals activate Ras/MAPK, which can directly target an SRF-containing transcription factor complex, to induce fibroblasts to secrete metalloproteinases.
Endocrinology of amphibian ultimobranchial glands.

The historical observations of the amphibian ultimobranchial gland are reviewed and interpreted in light of recent evidence which demonstrates the relationship of this organ to the hypocalcemic hormone, calcitonin. Its discrete anatomical location and separation from other endocrine tissues has made extirpation feasible and has revealed the importance of this gland in preventing excessive mobilization of calcium from the paravertebral lime sacs in larval and adult forms. These glands also appear to prevent hypercalcemia during periods of high dietary calcium ingestion. In view of its phylogenetic development and relationship to the parathyroids, two major functions of the ultimobranchial glands can be ascribed. First, amphibian calcitonin sequesters calcium in storage depots, in pre-metamorphic and post-metamorphic forms to insure maximal ossification of adult bone. Such protection in an aquatic environment deficient in calcium ions would be of extreme importance. Second, amphibian calcitonin prevents the rapid influx of calcium across gut epithelium during feeding to protect against acute periods of hypercalcemia. The diversity of aquatic and terrestrial amphibian types provides a broad spectrum of forms in which to develop model systems for calcium homeostasis.
Internal eEnergy effects on the reaction of D+3 with NH3

Abstract The D + 3 beam from the moderately high pressure source of a tandem mass spectrometer is reacted with NH 3 resulting in formation of NH 3 D + , NH + 3 and NH 2 D + . The relative abundance of these products is reported as a function of the average number of D + 3 −D 2 collisions in the source. This information is used to estimate the amount of excitation energy in the D + 3 ions.
Officer, Chaplain, Therapist: A Feminist Perspective on the Challenges of Supervising U.S. Army Chaplain-Therapists

This report of clinical supervision with U.S. Army chaplains who have been trained as marriage and family therapists is presented to encourage discussion and dialogue among supervisors and supervisors-in-training approved by the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. The unique challenges presented in this clinical supervision setting include: issues specific to chaplains’ rank as military officers, countertransference, confidentiality, use of military language, and the struggle to integrate three professional role identities. Using a feminist supervisory approach, effective supervision with U.S. Army marriage and family therapist chaplains require that supervisors focus on issues of power, gender, supervisee needs, and cultural diversity as it relates to the military practice environment.
Localization of retinoid-binding proteins in developing rat retina

Antibodies to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP) were obtained from rabbits immunized with antigens purified from bovine retina. Antigens were localized on frozen sections of rat retina using indirect FITC immunofluorescence. In the retinal pigment epithelium of rats from postnatal day 1 (the day of birth) to postnatal day 32, specific staining with anti-CRBP was restricted to the cytoplasm; the nuclei were unstained. In the neurosensory retina, Muller cell endfeet were stained with anti-CRBP at all ages examined. No CRBP reactivity was found in the pigment epithelium of the ciliary body at any age examined. On postnatal days 14 and 32, in addition to Muller cell endfeet and radial processes, two fine laminae in the inner plexiform layer were faintly positive for CRBP. Anti-CRALBP stained the cytoplasm of the RPE and Muller cells in the adult rat. In developing rat retina, in addition to Muller cells and the retinal pigment epithelium, the ciliary body pigment epithelium and the outer epithelium of the iris were stained with anti-CRALBP in the first postnatal week. The intensity of staining of the ciliary body pigment epithelium decreased gradually from postnatal day 8 until postnatal day 14, at which point a clear line of demarcation was found between the positively stained retinal pigment epithelium and the adjacent, lightly stained, pigment epithelial cells of the ciliary body.
A wireless bladder volume monitoring system using a flexible capacitance-based sensor

A wireless sensor system has been prototyped to monitor bladder volume in a small animal. The capacitance-based sensor was laser-micromachined from a polyimide film to form an interdigitated finger structure, followed by a sputtering process to deposit aluminum thin film. The entire sensor was encapsulated with biocompatible and elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). A passive telemetry platform based on inductive coupling was realized to employ the sensor in vivo and a commercial wireless module was used for data communication in air. The entire system consists of a sensor implant, an external wearable unit and a base station. The system was tested with a small rodent model demonstrating the feasibility and identifying practical issues in implementation.
The relation of concentration and size distribution of suspended particulate matter to hydrography in Onslow Bay, North Carolina

Abstract The volume and size distribution of particulate matter was related to hydrographic conditions in bottom water masses (intrusions) that move on to the continental shelf off North Carolina from greater depths of the Gulf Stream. In all instances, the volume of particulate matter in intruded waters was greater than that in surface waters. Particle volumes, compared in three particle size ranges between 2 and 101 μm, had maxima in the range of 25 to 101 μm. Juvenile stages of zooplankton were abundant in the intrusions. These presumably feed only on particles smaller than 25 μm dia. and thus have little impact on large diatoms.
Expression of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Protects Ramos B Cells from Oxidation-induced Cell Death

The ectoenzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC ) cleaves glutathione (GSH) to facilitate the recapture of cysteine for synthesis of intracellular GSH. The impact of GGT expression on cell survival during oxidative stress was investigated using the human B cell lymphoblastoid cell line, Ramos. Ramos cells did not express surface GGT and exhibited no GGT enzyme activity. In contrast, Ramos cells stably transfected with the human GGT cDNA expressed high levels of surface GGT and enzymatic activity. GGT-transfected Ramos cells were protected from apoptosis when cultured in cyst(e)ine-deficient medium. The GGT-expressing cells also had lower levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Homocysteic acid and alanine, inhibitors of cystine and cysteine uptake, respectively, caused increased ROS content and diminished viability of GGT expressing cells. Exogenous GSH increased the viability of the GGT-transfected cells more effectively than that of control cells, whereas the products of GSH metabolism prevented death of both the control and GGT-transfected cells comparably. These data indicate that GGT cleavage of GSH and the subsequent recapture of cysteine and cystine allow cells to maintain low levels of cellular ROS and thereby avoid apoptosis induced by oxidative stress.
EMERGENCE AND IMPACT OF SECONDARY AIRPORTS IN THE UNITED STATES

As major airports in the United States have reach ed their maximum capacity and beca me congested, available capacity at surrounding airports has been utilized by the emergence of secondary airports. Given the expectation of a larger number of operations in the National Airspace System (NAS) in the upcoming years, this trend of secondary airports emergence is likely to strengthen. In orde r to understand the dynamics of the regional airport systems, a s tudy of the factors that le d to th e emergence of secondary airports was performed. The distribution of population at the regional level, the existence and the proximity of a secondary basin of population close to secondary airports were identified as major factors. Ground acc ess and airpor t infrastructure we re also enabling factors. The nature of the regional airport system, in term s of “Hub” versus “non -Hub” was also identified as a contributing factor. The entry of a low cost carrier was determined to be the essential stimulus in the emer gence phenomenon. These entries modify the air port dynamics resulting in the stimulation of both local and peripheral markets. Following the entry of a low cost carrier several other car riers, both legacy and low cost , enter and consolidate the growth of t he emerging airport. As a consequence of the emergence of secondary airports and their integration into a region wide multi -airport system, they induce impacts on the NAS structure. Recent consolidations of TRACONs (Terminal Area Control) were identified as primary impacts. As there will be increasing pressure of demand on core airports in the upcoming years, the development of additional secondary airports will be required. The transition from a single core airport to region wide multi -airport systems and the emergence of new secon dary airports in existing multi -airport systems, impose new constraints that need to be taken into account in the NAS improvements.
TRENDS AND PREDICTORS OF LENGTH OF HOSPITALIZATION IN PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH UNSTABLE ANGINA IN UNITED STATES

Unstable angina (UA) is the most common presentation of acute coronary syndrome. We performed this study to determine the trends and identify the predictors of length of hospitalization in patients admitted with UA using nationally representative dataset. We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS
Autonomic control of von Ebner's lingual salivary glands and implications for taste sensation

Abstract To learn the nature of the autonomic control of the serous lingual salivary glands of von Ebner, parasympathetic and sympathetic agonists were injected into rats, and the extent of depletion of the secretory granules in gland acini was measured. Injection of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol caused a concentration-dependent reduction of the secretory granule content of the acinar cells. Injection of the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, combined with isoproterenol, blocked the reduction in secretory granule content seen with isoproterenol alone. Injection of the parasympathetic agonist carbachol also produced a concentration-dependent reduction in granule content of the acini. This reduction was partially blocked by injection of atropine, and completely blocked by injection of atropine and propranolol. β-Adrenergic and parasympathetic agonists alone did not cause total degranulation of the acini. However, this was achieved by injection of both agonists. It is concluded that protein secretion in von Ebner's glands is under both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous control. It is hypothesized that the glands contain two sets of granules with different compositions, each under the control of either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system. Because von Ebner's glands are closely associated with taste buds and because the glands supply the microenvironment of these taste buds the secretion of these glands may be very important in the mechanism of taste transduction.
A novel injection and switchout scheme for multipass laser amplifiers

A novel injection and switchout scheme for multipass laser amplifiers is described. The method utilizes noncollinear difference frequency generation for injection and harmonic generation for switchout. Both injection and switchout are accomplished in the same crystal. The scheme is passive, avoids leakage through mirrors or electrooptic switching, and optically isolates the seed pulse generator from any stray light from the amplifier.
Influence of Displacement Distance and Vision on Homing Behavior of the White-Footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis)

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the degree to which white-footed mice would home when displaced, the effect distance had upon homing, and whether vision was involved to a significant degree in the process of return. Mice were removed from two study areas during eight nights of trapping and then released at three different release points. Homing was measured by live-trapping during seven nights subsequent to release. Ten replications were conducted over 6 months beginning in August 1973. Mice were capable of returning to their home plots with greater frequency than expected by random wandering when released midway between study areas (336 meters). When released on the study plot opposite from that of capture (671 meters), homing performance was not significantly different than expected by chance. Homing success appeared to be inversely distance dependent and influenced by the habitat where release occurred. The homing success of blinded mice released at the center of the study area where captured was not significantly different than that of intact mice. However, a significantly smaller proportion of blinded mice than intact mice homed when released midway between plots. The survival of blind mice was not significantly different than that of intact mice during at least 7 days subsequent to release on the plots where captured. The homing and survival responses to loss of vision are discussed.
Measurement of social physique anxiety in early adolescence.

ABSTRACTSMITH, A. L. Measurement of Social Physique Anxiety in Early Adolescence. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 475–483, 2004.PurposeThe present study assessed the factorial validity and gender invariance of the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) using a sample of young adolescents.
WHAT MATTERS WHEN: A MULTISTAGE MODEL AND EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF JOB SEARCH EFFORT

We develop a multistage self-regulatory perspective on job search effort assuming active job seekers conducting job searches within a job search goal life span. Specifically, we propose that time pressure increases as the goal of finding employment becomes more proximal, while job search uncertainty decreases. Drawing on these premises, we integrate social comparison theory, control theory, and the attentional focus model of time pressure to hypothesize how various intrapersonal (i.e., prior effort, job search progress) and sociocontextual (i.e., effort put forth by peers in a social network) factors relate to job seekers' self-regulation of effort at different stages (i.e., preparatory, active-extensive, and active-intensive) of a job search process. In two studies of job seekers, we found that (1) prior job seeker effort is positively related to current effort across stages, (2) average peer job search effort is more strongly and positively related to job seeker effort earlier in job search, and (3) job search progress (i.e., the ratio of interviews to applications in Study 1 and perceived progress in Study 2) is negatively related to job seeker effort later in job search. Theoretical implications and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Exact multi-instanton unitarization

Abstract Multi-instanton contributions to instanton-induced cross-sections are studied in the standard model with the method developed by Maggiore and Shifman. An exact instanton-anti-instanton action constructed by Khoze and Ringwald is used to account for instanton-anti-instanton interactions. The summation of the multi-instanton contributions is found to break down at an energy where the exponential suppression of the cross-section is very nearly that found by Maggiore and Shifman. Less than one-half of the initial suppression of the cross-section is overcome at this energy, in agreement with Zakharov. The results support the scenario of a “premature” multi-instanton unitarization and an unobservable total cross-section. The results also indicate that the high energy behavior of the cross-section determined by Khoze and Ringwald may be spoiled by multi-instanton effects.
Small Sample Power of Some Tests of the Constant Failure Rate

The exponential distribution is often used in reliability work to describe the distribution of time to “chance” failure and is characterized by a constant failure rate. In this paper the small sample powers are compared for four test statistics for the hypothesis of constant failure rate vs. the hypothesis of non-constant failure rate. The tests are compared for samples of size n = 10(5)50 using the Weibull distribution for the alternative distribution. The shape parameter of the Weibull is varied from 0.5 to 2.5. For the two test statistics which involve arbitrary grouping of the data the effect of group size and number was also examined.
Ethnic differences in psychosocial and health behavior correlates of dieting, purging, and binge eating in a population‐based sample of adolescent females

Objective To examine ethnic differences in factors associated with disordered eating behaviors. Method: Data were collected from 17,159 adolescent females who completed a school-based health survey conducted in 1987. Results: In all ethnic groups, dieting was associated in bivariate analyses with weight dissatisfaction, perceived overweight, and low body pride. Purging was associated with weight dissatisfaction, perceived overweight, low body pride, greater suicide risk, and greater alcohol use. Binge eating was associated with weight dissatisfaction, perceived overweight, low body pride, lower family connectedness, greater peer acceptance concerns, and emotional stress. Discussion: Body dissatisfaction and perceived overweight are consistent correlates of dieting and binge eating in adolescent females of diverse ethnic groups. Ethnic subculture does not appear to protect against the broader sociocultural factors that foster body dissatisfaction among adolescent females. Implications for understanding sociocultural influences on dieting, obesity, and eating disorders are discussed. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 22:315–322, 1997.
Mepacrine treatment prevents immobilization-induced desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors in rat hypothalamus and brain stem

Forced immobilization is a severe stress in rats which diminishes levels of epinephrine in specific nuclei in the hypothalamus and brain stem, suggesting that release of epinephrine is stimulated to a rate which exceeds the rate of its replacement. In the pineal gland, frog erythrocytes, C6 astrocytoma cells and rat brain, β-adrenoceptor agonists appear to regulate the number of their receptors. Exposure to high concentrations of an agonist leads to apparent decrease in receptors reflected by a decrease in maximal specific binding of antagonists. The apparent decreases in receptors have been shown to be attended by decreases in physiologic responsiveness. In C6 astrocytoma cells, β-agonists stimulate methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to increase formation of membrane phosphatidylcholine which in turn appears to enhance activation of adenyl cyclase. Interference with the metabolism of phospholipids by exposure to phospholipase A2 inhibitor, mepacrine (quinacrine), prevents agonist-induced desensitization of β-adrenoceptors in astrocytoma cells. In the present study repeated immobilization stress has been found to decrease significantly the number of β-adrenoceptors in hypothalamus and brain stem while increasing the number ofα2-adrenoceptors. The desensitization of beta-adrenoceptors was prevented by treatment with mepacrine.
Federal and unitary government—disharmony and frustration

The notion of disharmony or “divisive bickering” as a universal feature of federal governments was discussed in an earlier article in this journal by William Riker and Ronald Schaps. Here an attempt is made to analyze this notion of disharmony, to question whether disharmony results from the kind of opposition they seek to measure, and to supplement their analysis by identifying, and developing a crude measure for a kind of harmony (or lessened frustration) which it is the peculiar genius of federalism to achieve.
Identifying Potential Usability Challenges for Xbox 360 Kinect Exergames for Older Adults

Many older adults could benefit from additional exercise. In 2011, over 54% of adults between the ages of 65 and 74 and 68% of adults ages 75 and above did not meet the 2008 U.S. Federal Physical Activity guidelines for either aerobic or muscle strengthening activities, according to the National Center for Health Statistics (Schiller, Lucas, & Peregoy, 2012, p. 100). Exergames, video games where players engage in physical activity, could help older adults elevate their levels of physical activity in order to gain associated health benefits. However, most exergames on the market are not designed for older users. Two exergames for Microsoft Xbox 360 with Kinect were evaluated using heuristic task analysis and heuristic evaluation with consideration of older adults’ abilities and limitations. Implications for developing training programs to maximize effective use of exergames for older adults are discussed.
Time and concentration resolved surface tension

Abstract Surface tension (ST) measurements of solutions of a number of purified lyso-phosphoryl- (single tail) lipids over a range of times and concentrations, many of which have been previously published, are reanalysed. They provide better evidence for some old ideas and lead to new conclusions. The main results are as follows. In the presence of traces of highly surface-active impurities, information about the c.m.c. of the system is best obtained before the impurity can significantly contaminate the surface. On the other hand enough time must elapse for the main component to approach equilibrium sufficiently as otherwise erroneously high values are obtained. Two agreeing measurements at sufficiently spaced times, such as differing by a factor of two, can insure this condition. In more impure systems it is sometimes possible to distinguish between the rapid ST changes due to the surfactant which, in the bulk of the solution, is in equilibrium with the impurities, and the slow ST changes due to the impurities. The former define a c.m.c. for the system, always lower than the c.m.c. of the pure surfactant, the latter an ST minimum at a concentration which may be still lower by a factor of two or more. The c.m.c. of the pure surfactant may be significantly higher than that of the system because of the scavenging of the impurity by the micelles then existing. The phase state of the impurity (dissolved or precipitated) can be inferred from the extent and rate of ST lowering. The rates of ST lowering, as measured by the inflection point of an ST verus log concentration plot, is found to be largely diffusion controlled as shown by stirring experiments, but not to be inversely proportional to the square root of time as expected in a diffusion-controlled system. Instead an inverse proportionality to time was found in all but one system.
Influenza A2 virus as a cause of croup requiring tracheotomy

From the Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School at Dallas. *Reprint address: 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75235. morial Hospital in Dallas during this period increased 30 per cent over patient visits in January, 1970 and 1971. The great majority of patients had respiratory tract disease. During a 6 week period from January 1 to February 15, 1972, 25 infants were admitted to Parkland Memorial Hospital and Children's Medical Center of Dallas with laryngotracheobronchitis (croup). Ten of these infants required tracheotomy. The first infant encountered during the epidemie died shortly after arrival at the hospital before a tracheotomy could be performed. Virologic and serologic studies were not performed. A second infant admitted during the second week of February required tracheotomy for severe respiratory distress due to croup. Infection caused by influenza A2 virus, the parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory syncytim virus could not be documented by serologic tests performed on paired sera. Influenza A2 virus infection was confirmed in the remaining eight cases.
The RNA binding domain of ribosomal protein L11 is structurally similar to homeodomains

The RNA binding domain of ribosomal protein L11 is strikingly similar to the homeodomain class of eukaryotic DNA binding proteins: it contains three alpha-helices that superimpose with homeodomain alpha-helices, and some conserved residues required for rRNA recognition align with homeodomain helix III residues contacting DNA bases.
Surgical interventions in children with meningococcal purpura fulminans—a review of 117 procedures in 21 children

Abstract Background/Purpose: There are few reports describing the surgical management and outcome of children suffering purpura fulminans secondary to meningococcal sepsis. New Zealand is in the grips of a meningococcal epidemic, and, with the attendant sequalae of the disease process, the authors sought to formally review the children who have required surgical involvement. Methods: A retrospective case review of children with the sequalae of meningococcal disease presenting to the Orthopedic and Plastic Surgical Units in a university teaching hospital was undertaken. Results: There were 117 procedures in 21 children performed over a 12-year period. Surgical management was separated into 2 phases—early and late. The mean delay from admission with acute sepsis to the first surgical procedure (ie, early intervention) was 15.9 days. Debridement and autologous skin grafting was the mainstay of managing the necrotic defects; however, allograft skin proved a useful adjunct as a physiologic dressing. Local flaps were used with deep defects down to bone, but in the extremities amputation to viable tissue was required once gangrene was demarcated. Amputations were carried out in 9 of 21 children. Late interventions were related to relief of contractures or fibula overgrowth causing stump ulceration. Clinical follow-up showed that all children interviewed over 5 years of age (9 children) attend ordinary regular school classes and were physically active within the context of their physical disabilities. Conclusions: The data would suggest that children requiring surgery for purpura fulminans achieve age-appropriate milestones and are primarily limited by their physical disability related to amputations, scarring, and abnormal bone growth. J Pediatr Surg 38:597-603. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
The multi-tasking P-TEFb complex.

P-TEFb (CycT1:Cdk9), the metazoan RNA polymerase II Ser2 C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase, regulates transcription elongation at many genes and integrates mRNA synthesis with histone modification, pre-mRNA processing, and mRNA export. Recruitment of P-TEFb to target genes requires deubiquitination of H2Bub, phosphorylation of H3S10, and the bromodomain protein, Brd4. Brd4 activates growth-related genes in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and can also tether P-TEFb to mitotic chromosomes, possibly to mark sites of active transcription throughout cell division. P-TEFb co-operates with c-Myc during transactivation and cell transformation, and also requires SKIP (c-Ski-interacting protein), an mRNA elongation and splicing factor. Some functions of the P-TEFb/Ser2P CTD are executed by the Spt6 transcription elongation factor, which binds directly to the phosphorylated CTD and recruits the Iws1 (‘interacts with Spt6’) protein. Iws1, in turn, interacts with the REF1/Aly nuclear export adaptor and stimulates the kinetics of mRNA export. Given the prominent role of Spt6 in regulating chromatin structure, the CTD-bound Spt6:Iws1 complex may also control histone modifications during elongation. Following transcription, P-TEFb accompanies the mature mRNA to the cytoplasm to promote translation elongation.
The Role of Item Feedback in Self-Adapted Testing

Previous research has shown self-adapted testing to be a promising alternative to computerized adaptive testing. The present study looked at the importance of item feedback in self-adapted testing. Computerized adaptive tests and self-adapted tests were compared under both feedback and no-feedback conditions. The self-adapted tests yielded higher test performance and lower anxiety than the computerized adaptive tests regardless of feedback condition. These findings indicate that item feedback is not necessary for the score differences between self-adapted testing and computerized adaptive testing to be ralized.