cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Add an E to Your IRAC

This article is intended for law students and legal writing professors. The article shows how writers can improve your writing by explaining a rule of law. You can explain the rule by defining a term or phrase from it, by showing examples of how the rule works (or doesn't work), or by explaining the public policy behind the rule.
Field nurseries for propagating Trichosirocalus horridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a biological control agent for Carduus Thistles

First instar Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer), a biological control agent for Carduus thistles, were inserted into rosettes of musk thistle ( Carduus thoermeri Weinmann) and plumeless thistle ( C. acanthoides L.) that had been transplanted in a small field plot. Five days before or after larval placement, the rosettes were also treated with a sublethal dosage of the herbicide 2,4-D to decrease plant vigor. Emerging adults (38% of inserted larvae) were collected in November; uncollected adults were left to oviposit and overwinter at the site. In the following spring, 260 rosettes that were caged yielded 2,246 second generation adults. This amounted to at least a 200% recovery of the number of larvae originally used, and compares favorably with past attempts to rear the weevil from first instar to adult in the laboratory (average success rate is only 4%). Thus, field nurseries, which can produce two generations of adults from a single introduction of larvae in summer, could be a productive and time-saving alternative to laboratory methods for rearing T. horridus .
Pulse Recycling and Weak Value Metrology

Recycling undetected photons in a weak measurement can substantially improve the signal-to-noise ratio. We demonstrate a preliminary improvement by a factor of 1.36 over a system with no recycling, potentially reaching a factor of 4.
Dimensionality of local police chiefs' institutional sovereigns

The current study applies institutional theory to policing by utilising data gathered from a sample of 446 Texas (USA) police chiefs to measure and test the relationships among institutional sovereigns and police chief and agency demographics. Findings indicate the sample of police chiefs perceived their institutional environment as a multidimensional rather than unidimensional construct. More importantly this research demonstrates that a sample of police chiefs attributed differing levels of importance to institutional sovereigns within their institutional environment. The finding of a multidimensional institutional environment with varying levels of importance supports the significance of organisational image in line with institutional theory. While individual demographics significantly impact chiefs' perceptions of institutional sovereigns, additional research must evaluate the interaction of police chiefs and institutional sovereigns within the institutional environment.
Tryptophan Contaminants Associated with Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome

Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) has been linked to ingestion of tryptophan contaminated with 1,1'-ethylidene-bis[L-tryptophan] (EBT), but other contaminants have received little study. The authors identified 101 lots of L-tryptophan that had been consumed either by persons with EMS or by asymptomatic tryptophan users and quantified the amounts of EBT and five other contaminants in each lot. After stratification of case and noncase lots by time of manufacture to adjust for the strong sequential pattern over time among case and noncase lots, higher EBT levels were still associated with a lot's case status, but the association lacked statistical significance (p = 0.120, odds ratio = 1.56, 95% confidence interval 0.758-3.23). While these findings do not rule out the possibility that EBT is the etiologic agent in EMS, they raise the possibility that other chemical contaminants in manufactured tryptophan modify the effects of EBT or that the causal agent of EMS is an entirely distinct compound.
Like Bitterness Like Admiration Like Weeping Like Pour Out

The depictions of marriage and amativeness are the treasures in the Chinese Classics of Poetry. The poems of resistant the comfortless marriage and mourn for the soul of a deceased person show the brilliance especially. These poems not merely bring the sentiment and touching to the reader. More importantly, we could have the notion of the marriage and the valuation of the ancient people from these poems and could purify the soul of our modern people.
Report on investigation of a crowd food-borne infection of trichinellosis

February 2004, a crowd food-borne infection of trichinellosis occurred in Dali Yunnan. Investigation result showed that 132 residents suffered from the disease, aged 2.5-75 years old. The patients had the history of collectively eating raw pork, after 12 days of meal, the patients occurred one after another. All patients were cured after treatment.
Discussion on security of fiber nasopharyngeal laryngoscope for children

OBJECTIVE To study the factors of complications and the incidence rates after the examination of fiber nasopharyngeal laryngoscope. METHOD To observe the complications appeared within 24 hours during and after fiber nasopharyngeal laryngoscope examination for 5000 children. RESULT Of 5000 cases, 305 cases (6.10%) occurred transient complications during and after the operation. The incidence of complications in different age groups (0-1, >1-3, >3-7, >7-16) were 9.83%, 6.14%, 3.15%, 1.69% respectively. It was significantly lower in older age groups compared with younger ones. The commonest complication was mucous membrane bleeding during the operation, which often occurred in infants and reduced by increasing age. Cough and cough deterioration often occurred after the operation and shortness of breath appeared in infants only. The differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION Pediatric fiber nasopharyngeal laryngoscope examination is safe and reliable and most of the complications were minor. Infants and children with laryngeal cartilage softening is high-risk factors for complications.
Semidiscrete Geometric Flows of Polygons

(2007). Semidiscrete Geometric Flows of Polygons. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 114, No. 4, pp. 316-328.
Balancing our lives: a study of the married couple's experience with breast cancer recurrence.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine the married couple's experience with breast cancer recurrence from each partner's own perspective, to describe their mood and martial quality, and to develop an initial explanatory theory of the couple's lived experience with breast cancer recurrence. DESIGN Descriptive, qualitative. SETTING Homes of married couples in the Pacific Northwestern United States. SAMPLES 15 married couples comprised of women diagnosed with recurrent breast cancer and their husbands. The median length of time since recurrence was 10 months. METHODS Structured interviews were conducted in the homes of married couples that met eligibility criteria using an open-ended interview schedule, the Marital Dyad Interview, and two standardized questionnaires-the Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Lived experience of couples to breast cancer recurrence, depressed mood, and marital adjustment. FINDINGS BALANCING OUR LIVES was the core category that explained how the couples lived with the breast cancer recurrence. Couples actively worked to balance their lives by keeping the breast cancer a background, not a foreground, issue. Although couples talked about managing the daily realities of the woman's breast cancer, not dwelling on the cancer and moving ahead and healing themselves was most important. Balancing Our Lives involved the couples in four major processes: managing the woman's everyday illness, surviving, healing, and preparing for death. Concurrently, one or both members of 60% of the couples scored outside the normative range on either depressed mood or marital adjustment. CONCLUSIONS The couples' ways of managing the breast cancer recurrence through balancing their lives may be facilitating their behavioral functioning but may not be enhancing their mood or marital quality. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The couples' management of recurrence may benefit from additional strategies, including helping them work through sad thoughts or feelings instead of avoiding them; recognizing and supporting each other's views, even when their views differ; and helping them to learn ways to express sad thoughts and feelings without overly dwelling on them.
Chlorhexidine Keratitis: Safety of Chlorhexidine as a Facial Antiseptic.

Background Effective antiseptic to reduce surgical site infections is a cornerstone of modern surgery. Chlorhexidine gluconate-based antiseptics are among the most effective of these products. Unfortunately, chlorhexidine solutions are toxic to the cornea and middle ear, and they pose a splash risk to both the patient and health care personnel. Objective To examine the clinical evidence that led to the disavowal of chlorhexidine antiseptic solution for use on the face and head. Methods and materials Reference searches were performed using PubMed, Embase, and LexisNexis databases without restriction to the date of publication, language, or study setting. Results The literature revealed 11 sentinel cases of severe chlorhexidine-related keratitis in the late 1980s. These cases are reviewed together with data on ototoxicity and alternative products to understand why chlorhexidine solution should not be used on the face and scalp. Conclusion Chlorhexidine antiseptic solutions are highly effective. However, they pose a risk to the middle ear and have the potential to irreversibly damage the cornea with a minimal splash exposure. Povidone-iodine is a safe and effective alternative.
Rituals of Conduct and Counter-Conduct

This essay provides an account of the role of ritual in governmentality (or the conducting of conduct) through an analysis of key texts during the period roughly from 1973 through 1981. I claim that ritual plays an essential role in Foucault’s analysis of juridical forms and sovereign power as well as conduct and counter-conduct understood as features of governmentality and political rationality.
Basic Probability Concepts

This chapter deals with basic concepts in probability including sample space and events, elementary set theory, conditional probability, independent events, basic combinatorial analysis, and applications of probability.
Gab2 Is Constitutively Phosphorylated in Cells Expressing the Polycythemia Vera-Associated Jak2 V614F Mutant and Links Jak2 to Erk1/2 Activation.

Although chronic myeloid leukemia was one of the first hematologic disorders for which a molecular pathogenesis could be defined, the molecular abnormalities responsible for other myeloproliferative disorders have remained largely unknown. Several recent studies, however, have identified an activating mutation in Janus kinase 2 (Jak2 V614F) as a frequent abnormality in polycythemia vera. Substitution of phenylalanine for valine 614 in Jak2 was found to result in constitutive kinase activity. In erythroid precursors expressing this mutant, erythropoietin hypersensitivity was seen, and, in an animal model, the mutation was sufficient to produce an erythrocytosis resembling PV. Jak2 is a key intermediate in erythropoietin signal transduction and its phosphorylation and activation of Stat proteins is well-characterized. Its involvement with other downstream pathways, however, is less well-defined but potentially important to the pathogenesis of polycythemia vera. We therefore investigated signaling events downstream from the activated Jak2 V614F mutant in the human erythroleukemia (HEL) cell line. We discovered that the scaffolding protein Gab2 was constitutively phosphorylated in cells expressing the Jak2 mutant; moreover, its phosphorylation was blocked when cells were treated with the Jak2-specific inhibitor AG490. This suggested that Gab2 might represent an additional Jak2 target and one that could link Jak2 to multiple downstream signaling pathways including PI3kinase-Akt and Shp2-Erk1/2. We investigated whether Jak2 could phosphorylated Gab2 in vitro using a Gab2-GST fusion protein and found that purified, activated Jak2 could phosphorylate site(s) in the C-terminus of Gab2. This region contains two tyrosine residues that lie within a consensus sequence for Jak2 phosphorylation (pY-X-X-I/V/L): Gab2 tyrosines 614 and 643. Mutagenesis of tyrosine 643 resulted in a marked inhibition of Jak2-dependent Gab2 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of tyrosine 643 also inhibited Shp2 association with Gab2 and activation of Erk1/2. These results suggest that Gab2 may provide a link between the activated Jak2 and the Shp2-Erk2 pathway and thereby play a role in the neoplastic effects of mutant Jak2. Interestingly, Gab2 is also implicated in the pathogenic effects of Bcr-Abl, suggesting that the protein interactions of this molecular scaffold could represent a target for therapeutic intervention that could be of benefit in multiple myeloproliferative disorders.
Who's Responsible? Media Framing of Pediatric Environmental Health and Mothers' Perceptions of Accountability.

How the media frames issues of environmental health may affect mothers’ views of who is responsible for addressing environmental risks to pediatric health and, ultimately, their protective behaviors. This article describes how information-oriented media sources attribute responsibility for such risks and examines associations between mothers’ routine media exposure, or scanning, and perceptions of responsibility. First, a content analysis was conducted on a sample of 474 media stories (i.e., Associated Press, parenting magazines, and websites) about childhood exposure to environmental chemicals over a 6-month period (September 2012–February 2013). We found that media stories attributed responsibility most frequently to parents, though significant differences were observed across media sources, such that websites focused more on parents and general news more on government agencies and manufacturers. Next, we conducted an online survey of mothers (N = 819) and revealed that website scanning during the prior...
A sequential analysis of responses in online debates to postings of students exhibiting high versus low grammar and spelling errors

Given that grammatical and spelling errors have been found to influence perceived competence and credibility in written communication, this study examined how a student’s grammar and spelling errors affect how other students respond to the student’s postings in four online debates hosted in asynchronous threaded discussions. Message-response exchanges were sequentially analyzed to identify patterns in students’ replies to arguments and challenges with counter-challenges, explanations, and evidentiary support posted by students that exhibited low versus high number of grammatical and spelling errors. Although no causal inferences can be drawn from this study, the findings nevertheless suggests that: (a) arguments posted by high-error students are more likely to be challenged than arguments posted by low-error students; (b) exchanges between high-error students can amplify the effects of grammar/spelling errors; and (c) higher levels of argumentation can be achieved by placing students into groups that are heterogeneous in writing skills in general. The findings and methods used in this study lay the groundwork for further research on strategies for managing individual differences in students’ grammar and spelling (and other student behaviors in general) and increasing the level of critical discourse in online discussions.
Case 5: Six Weeks of Fever, Headache, and Emesis in a 14-year-old Girl

1. David Pavlik, MD* 2. Allyson Richards, MD* 3. Walter Dehority, MD* 1. *University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM A 14-year-old fully immunized girl residing in southern New Mexico is hospitalized with a 6-week history of fever, headache, and emesis. This is her third hospitalization for the same symptoms. She was first hospitalized at the local hospital 2 weeks into her clinical course, where her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood were sterile, and she was discharged with persistent symptoms and a diagnosis of a viral infection. She was readmitted 10 days later to a different outside hospital. At that time, a lumbar puncture revealed a CSF white blood cell (WBC) count of 240/μL (0.24×109/L) (70% neutrophils, 30% lymphocytes) with no red blood cells, a protein level of 0.15 g/dL (1.5 g/L), and a glucose level of 17 mg/dL (0.9 mmol/L). Bacterial cultures of the CSF were sterile. Herpes simplex virus and enterovirus polymerase chain reactions from the CSF were also negative. Results of the serologic test for human immunodeficiency virus were nonreactive. An interferon-γ release assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was negative, and a purified protein derivative demonstrated 0 mm of induration (further skin testing to investigate delayed hypersensitivity was not pursued). She was treated for an unspecified infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with ceftriaxone and acyclovir. She was discharged with persistent symptoms after completing the anti-infective course. Five days after hospital discharge, she presents to an …
The Immune System in IBD: Antimicrobial Peptides

Antimicrobial peptides are one of the most ancient forms of host defense in nature. Epithelial cells throughout the body express a collection of antimicrobial peptides that have overlapping and complementary activities. In the mammalian intestine, clear and compelling evidence supports that antimicrobial peptides play two fundamental roles: protection from enteric pathogens and shaping the composition of the colonizing microbiota. These functions likely hold relevance to host–microbe interactions that underlie inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis, since prevailing theories on the pathogenesis of IBD invoke a role for detrimental effects of intestinal microbes in the initiation and/or propagation of mucosal inflammation. Specialized epithelial cells of the small intestine named Paneth cells produce and secrete vast quantities of various antimicrobial peptides. The most abundant are the α(alpha)-defensin peptides, human defensin (HD)-5 and HD6, which in turn represent the most abundant antimicrobial peptides found anywhere in human gastrointestinal tract. Other abundant antimicrobials, which are larger in size, but with fundamentally similar physiological roles, are lysozyme, secretory phospholipase A2, and the C-type lectin RegIIIα(alpha). Evidence supports that reduced Paneth cell α(alpha)-defensin expression may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of ileal Crohn’s disease, a major subgroup of IBD. Furthermore, several susceptibility genes for Crohn’s disease appear to manifest their disease-associated activity, in part, through compromise of Paneth cell antimicrobial peptide production. For example, the microbial sensor NOD2, the autophagy-related proteins ATG16L1 and IRGM, the endoplasmic reticulum stress responder XBP1, the calcium dependent potassium channel KCa3.1, the WNT ligand co-receptor LRP6, and the transcription factor TCF7L2 (formerly TCF4) all influence Paneth cell biology and function. While not proven, mounting evidence supports that Paneth cell dysfunction, might substantially contribute to ileal Crohn’s disease pathogenesis.
A Monte Carlo Method for Low Pressure Radio Frequency Discharges

There is increasing interest in glow discharges because of their importance to a large number of application fields, like the microelectronics industry, flat plasma display panel technology, the laser and light industry and analytical spectrochemistry. To improve the capabilities of rf glow discharges, a good understanding of the discharge physics is highly desirable. The typical calculated results include the radio frequency (rf) voltage, the electrical field distribution, the density of argon ions and electrons, the electron energy distribution function and information about the collision processes of the electrons with the Monte Carlo model. These results are presented throughout the discharge axis and as a function of time in the rf cycle. Moreover, we have investigated how many rf cycles have to be followed before a periodic steady state is reached.
Historical medical mission modernised with conceptualised case-based simulation: cardiorespiratory disease model integrating clinical skills and basic science physiology

The dynamics of the ever-changing healthcare environment has influenced medical educators to take on the arduous task of modernising medical school curricula to incorporate the latest technologies and teaching modalities in an effort to bolster preparation of future clinicians. Howard University (HU) College of Medicine trains under-represented medical healthcare professionals to serve underserved, disenfranchised populations where physician shortage and limited access to healthcare disproportionately widen the wellness gap, thereby creating health disparities. To that end, the HU Health Sciences enterprise provides opportunities for implementing novel technology to promote excellence in teaching, superior clinical skills training and patient safety to produce the next generation of postgraduate physicians, clinical researchers and healthcare professionals. Here, pilot simulations employing a multifaceted case-based teaching approach integrating basic science lecture objectives with the acquisition of clinical skills germane to the assessment of cardiorespiratory function are revealed through a series of didactic lectures, educational videos, computer-assisted instruction modules and human patient simulation exercises. Recent establishment of the HU Clinical Skills and Simulation Center (Center) and its subsequent accreditation by the American College of Surgeons that classifies it as an Accredited Education Institute perpetuates and reaffirms the HU commitment to academic excellence. The Center’s mission is to provide an ideal learning environment to support educational curricula throughout the HU healthcare complex and to promote patient safety through …
The New Face of Philanthropy: The Role of Intrinsic Motivation in Millennials’ Attitudes and Intent to Donate to Charitable Organizations

ABSTRACTNonprofits must gain millennials as lifelong donors for future sustainability. The current study aims to analyze the millennials and their intrinsic motivation (Deci et al., 1994), attitudes toward helping others, attitudes toward charitable organizations (Webb et al., 2000), and millennials intent to donate (Bearden et al., 1984) to these organizations. Results indicate that intrinsic motivation is moderately and positively related to attitudes toward helping others. Attitudes toward charitable organizations is moderately strong and positively related to intent to donate. Suggestions toward engaging and motivating millennials include volunteer work that is interesting, enjoyable and valuable to millennials. This study supports previous research on millennials while providing new avenues to engage them such as technology-based solicitations, generational comparative analysis, and intracohort analysis. The implications of this study suggest innovative ways of fundraising such as crowdfunding and so...
Bi-Yang-Mills Fields

The last five decades have witnessed many developments in the theory of harmonic maps. To become acquainted to some of these, the reader is referred to two reports and a survey paper by Eells and Lemaire [119, 122, 124] about the developments of harmonic maps up to 1988 for details. Several books on harmonic maps [203, 205, 206, 389, 425] are also available. In this chapter, we follow the notions and notations of harmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds by Eells- Sampson [129] in the introduction.We discuss the crucial topics in harmonic maps including fundamentals, regularity, maps of surfaces, maps of KRahler manifolds, maps into groups and Grassmannians, harmonic maps, loop groups, and integrable systems, harmonicmorphisms, maps of singular spaces, and transversally harmonic maps. Since the theory of harmonic maps has been developed over half a century, it is impossible to provide full details. However, we try to present the most important components of the topics.
A 900-year New England temperature reconstruction from in situ seasonally produced branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs)

Abstract. Paleotemperature reconstructions are essential for distinguishing anthropogenic climate change from natural variability. An emerging method in paleolimnology is the use of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) in sediments to reconstruct temperature, but their application is hindered by a limited understanding of their sources, seasonal production, and transport. Here, we report seasonally resolved measurements of brGDGT production in the water column, in catchment soils, and in a sediment core from Basin Pond, a small, deep inland lake in Maine, USA. We find similar brGDGT distributions in both water column and lake sediment samples but the catchment soils have distinct brGDGT distributions suggesting that (1) brGDGTs are produced within the lake and (2) this in situ production dominates the down-core sedimentary signal. Seasonally, depth-resolved measurements indicate that most brGDGT production occurs in late fall, and at intermediate depths (18–30 m) in the water column. We utilize these observations to help interpret a Basin Pond brGDGT-based temperature reconstruction spanning the past 900 years. This record exhibits trends similar to a pollen record from the same site and also to regional and global syntheses of terrestrial temperatures over the last millennium. However, the Basin Pond temperature record shows higher-frequency variability than has previously been captured by such an archive in the northeastern United States, potentially attributed to the North Atlantic Oscillation and volcanic or solar activity. This first brGDGT-based multi-centennial paleoreconstruction from this region contributes to our understanding of the production and fate of brGDGTs in lacustrine systems.
Roles of Toll-Like Receptors in Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs) constitute a family of proteins that play significant roles in the human innate immune system and are expressed by a number of sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis both represent incurable and progressive neurologic diseases with potent neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative components in their pathophysiology. In this chapter, the potential roles of TLRs in their pathophysiology are presented.
Abstract 063: Urinary Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Identifies Renal Mitochondrial Injury in Renovascular Hypertensive Patients Undergoing Renal Revascularization

Background: We have previously shown in patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) that elevated urinary mtDNA copy numbers represent surrogate markers of renal mitochondrial injury. Revasculari...
Spectacular Prophecies: Examining Pentecostal Power in Africa

This study examines the culture of annual prophecies by Pentecostal pastors in Africa and contemporary public response to this form of inspired speech. This paper focuses on Prophet Temitope B. Joshua, the well-known leader of Synagogue Church of all Nations. Prophet Joshua is one of the best known and most influential Pentecostal preachers in Africa. He is sought by both presidents and peasants who either desire a miracle or hope to co-opt his political capital to determine issues ranging from manipulating their local politics to changing their destinies for the better. Through his pulpit pronouncements, Prophet Joshua has influenced the direction of politics in various African countries from Tanzania to Ghana to Malawi- with rather amazing results. This essay examines the political power of prophets and prophecies, the institutional power they have accrued, and the modes by which the African public is counteracting their influence by speak back, and against the power they represent. Also, I look into the future to prospect the socio-political and socio-cultural implications of pushing back against the overpowering essence which Pentecostals pastors represent. How, in the long run, will this display of agency benefit the course of democratic politics in a cultural context where politicians have acquired a godlike status?
In situ x-ray diffraction study of polyamorphism in H2O under isothermal compression and decompression.

Amorphous-amorphous transformations in H2O have been studied under rapid isothermal compression and decompression in a diamond anvil cell together with in situ x-ray diffraction measurements using brilliant synchrotron radiation. The experimental pathways provide a density-driven approach for studying polyamorphic relations among low-, high-, and very high-density amorphs (LDA, HDA, VHDA) in a pressure range of 0–3.5 GPa at temperatures of 145–160 K. Our approach using rapid (de)compression allows for studying the polyamorphic transformations at higher temperatures than the conditions previously studied under slow (de)compression or isobaric annealing. Multiple compression-decompression cycles can be integrated with in situ x-ray measurements, thus facilitating the study of repeatability and reversibility of the polyamorphic transformations. Fast in situ x-ray diffraction measurements allow for obtaining detailed insight into the structural changes across polyamorphic transformations regarding the (dis)continuity, reversibility, and possible intermediate forms. As demonstrated at isothermal conditions of 145 K and 155 K, the polyamorphic transformations are characterized by a sharp and reversible LDA-VHDA transformation, with an HDA-like form (referred to as HDA′) appearing as an intermediate state. The LDA-VHDA transformation is found to occur in two steps: a discontinuous transition between LDA and HDA′ and a continuous change within HDA′ involving structural reconfigurations and finally converging to VHDA.
Peer-designed Parents’ Bereavement Panel: Exposing First-year Medical Students to Pediatric End-of-life Care

Program Goals: Despite the Liaison Committee for Medical Education (LCME) mandatory requirement for the incorporation of end-of-life care education into medical school curriculum, very few studies have reported successful approaches, and standardization across medical schools is lacking. Furthermore, very little effort has focused on the incorporation of pediatric-specific end-of-life care education into the preclinical years. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a bereavement panel consisting of parents who had a child pass away from a life threatening condition: (1) improved …
*ABA effects in kinship allomorphy & syncretism

Morphological contiguity domains are pockets of natural language grammar wherein formal irregularity in one component predicts co-irregularity in a related, and often more marked, component. At the surface level, they foreclose certain allomorphic and/or distributional possibilities, producing so-called *ABA effects. Contiguity phenomena have been documented in the study of comparatives, case, pronouns, tense/aspect, inter multa alia . To this expanding list, this study adds kinship. It shall be shown that nonsingular pronouns in Lower Arrernte exemplify an apparent *ABA allomorphy-constraining distribution in which the agnate-disharmonic and non-agnate forms must co-supplete. An implementation using toy features demonstrates that the emergence of at least some *ABA patterns may be artifactual of how a paradigm is set up, and that Lower Arrernte nonsingulars do not instantiate Bobaljik (2012)'s containment hypothesis. These results are consonant with a picture of contiguity effects as a group of etiologically and derivationally heterogeneous phenomena, instead of an unambiguous diagnostic for syntactic hierarchical structure.
Superpower Interrupted: The Chinese History of the World

One of the great challenges in contemporary military ethics and global governance is understanding and predicting the behavior of the People's Republic of China. As the country has risen in wealth ...
From Mare Nostrum to Mare Aliorum

Since the mid-1990s, Italy has found itself on the forefront of the “refugee crisis” that has transformed the Mediterranean Sea into a mare aliorum, a sea of (threatening) others. In this chapter, Fogu considers this dramatic reversal of Mare Nostrum into mare aliorum in the light of the long duree history of Mediterranean imaginaries that he has unveiled in his book. The chapter takes the reader from the mature political expression of Mediterranean emporion in the foreign policy pursued by the Italian nationalized oil company, ENI, in the 1950s and 1960s, through the rise of the quintessential consumer-image of Italia balneare (seaside Italy) in the 1980s, all the way to contemporary articulations of a counter-image to mare aliorum by several Italian thinkers.
Venous Thromboembolism Has a Variable Time of Occurrence in the Course of COVID-19: A Case Series

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which results in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a devastating impact globally. Not much is fully understood about this disease. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) appears to be the commonest complication among patients with COVID-19. However, venous thromboembolism (VTE) appears to be a common complication among patients with COVID-19 even with adequate anticoagulation during hospitalization. VTE may confer a poor outcome on its own or may exacerbate other common complications such as ARDS or cardiac injury. There are several diagnostic dilemmas with regards confirming VTE among patients with COVID-19 as there is a move to reduce the transfer of patients for angiographic studies or even venous Doppler ultrasonography because of the high transmissibility SARS-CoV-2. There is also the risk of worsening ARDS following fluid administration to prevent contrast nephropathy after angiographic studies. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the timing of VTE occurrence in the setting of COVID-19, identify strategies for early diagnosis of VTE, therapeutic options as well as prognostic implications of VTE in the setting of COVID-19.
Lifetime consumption and investment: Retirement and constrained borrowing

Retirement flexibility and inability to borrow against future labor income can significantly affect optimal consumption and investment. With voluntary retirement, there exists an optimal wealth-to-wage ratio threshold for retirement and human capital correlates negatively with the stock market even when wages have zero or slightly positive market risk exposure. Consequently, investors optimally invest more in the stock market than without retirement flexibility. Both consumption and portfolio choice jump at the endogenous retirement date. The inability to borrow limits hedging and reduces the value of labor income, the wealth-to-wage ratio threshold for retirement, and the stock investment.
Optimizing GPU-Enhanced HPC System and Cloud Procurements for Scientific Workloads

Modern GPUs are capable of sustaining floating point operation rates and memory bandwidths that exceed those of most currently available CPUs, making them attractive options for the acceleration of scientific and machine learning (ML) workloads. However, many applications are either not GPU-enabled or only partially GPU-enabled. In addition, some applications leverage the additional GPU flops and memory bandwidth more effectively than others, and derive greater performance benefits from GPU acceleration. Combining these performance considerations with the significant hardware cost of GPU-enhancement, it is possible to derive an estimate for the optimal ratio of CPU and GPU architectures to use when designing a system procurement to support a given workload.
Complete replacement of membrane cholesterol with 4,4',14-trimethyl sterols in a human T cell line defective in lanosterol demethylation.

Abstract A3.01 is a hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine-sensitive, human immunodeficiency virus-susceptible, human T cell line derived by Folks et al. (Folks, T., Benn, S., Rabson, A., Theodore, T., Hoggan, M. D., Martin, M., Lightfoote, M., and Sell, K. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 4539-4543) following exposure of CEM cells to 8-azaguanine. In the present study, it is shown that A3.01 also contains a heretofore unrecognized mutation in cholesterol biosynthesis. A3.01 cells grown in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) contain primarily cholesterol in their membranes, but based on [14C]acetate labeling, synthesize only lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol. Reduction in the amount of FBS provided resulted in decreased cellular levels of cholesterol with corresponding increases in the two 4,4',14-trimethyl sterols. In A3.01 cells cultured in 1% FBS medium, lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol accounted for 7 and 45%, respectively, of total cellular sterols. Following dilution of the 1% FBS-grown cells into serum-free media, the level of membrane cholesterol gradually declined, such that after three passages it became virtually undetectable, whereas the proportions of lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol rose to 25 and 75%, respectively. Even after eight passages in the serum-free media, A3.01 cells displayed a complete absence of cholesterol with no obvious effect on cell growth. Membranes isolated from A3.01 cells grown in the presence or absence of 10 micrograms/ml of cholesterol displayed similar phospholipid:sterol ratios, but membranes from the unsupplemented cells contained only approximately 5% as much cholesterol as the supplemented cell membranes. Finally, A3.01 cells grown in the absence of cholesterol were extremely resistant to the cytotoxic effects of amphotericin B, whereas cells cultured in the combined presence of 1% FCS and 10 micrograms/ml of cholesterol were sensitive to the drug. Collectively, these results demonstrate that 4,4',14-trimethyl sterols can effectively replace cholesterol in a human T cell lineage, indicating that not all mammalian cells have a requirement for cholesterol, per se. The A3.01 T cell lineage should prove useful in defining the role of cholesterol in membrane fusion and human immunodeficiency virus-mediated syncitia formation and cytopathic effects.
Alanine Aminotransferase: I. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES

Abstract An examination of the subcellular distribution of alanine aminotransferase activity in pig cardiac tissue showed that about 10% of the total activity was bound to particulate material, with the highest specific activity in the sarcosomal fraction. The soluble enzyme was obtained in a high state of purity, as indicated by sedimentation velocity, starch gel electrophoresis, and spectral analyses. It had a sedimentation coefficient of 6.0 and an estimated molecular weight of about 100,000. Spectral, fluorescent, and optical rotatory properties of the enzyme are described. The enzyme-substrate interactions were studied by kinetic and spectral methods. Kinetic parameters of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction involving amino transfer from l-alanine to α-ketoglutarate were determined at 37°, pH 7.8. At pH 6.9, pyruvate was found to bind effectively to the phosphopyridoxal form of the enzyme and, thereby, competitively inhibit amino transfer from both alanine and glutamate to pyruvate.
Poly(ε-caprolactone)/keratin-based composite nanofibers for biomedical applications

Keratin-based composite nanofibers have been fabricated by an electrospinning technique. Aqueous soluble keratin extracted from human hair was successfully blended with poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) in different ratios and transformed into nanofibrous membranes. Toward the potential use of this nanofibrous membrane in tissue engineering, its physicochemical properties, such as morphology, mechanical strength, crystallinity, chemical structure, and integrity in aqueous medium were studied and its cellular compatibility was determined. Nanofibrous membranes with PCL/keratin ratios from 100/00 to 70/30 showed good uniformity in fiber morphology and suitable mechanical properties, and retained the integrity of their fibrous structure in buffered solutions. Experimental results, using cell viability assays and scanning electron microscopy imaging, showed that the nanofibrous membranes supported 3T3 cell viability. The ability to produce blended nanofibers from protein and synthetic polymers represents a significant advancement in development of composite materials with structural and material properties that will support biomedical applications. This provides new nanofibrous materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Control of Effluent Gases from Solid Waste Processing using Impregnated Carbon Nanotubes

One of the major problems associated with solid waste processing technologies is effluent contaminants that are released in gaseous forms from the processes. This is a concern in both biological as well as physicochemical solid waste processing. Carbon dioxide (CO2), the major gas released, does not present a serious problem and there are currently in place a number of flight-qualified technologies for CO2 removal. However, a number of other gases, in particular NOx, SO2, NH3, and various hydrocarbons (e.g. CH4) do present health hazards to the crew members in space habitats. In the present configuration of solid waste processing in the International Space Station (ISS), some of these gases are removed by the Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS), demands a major resupply. Reduction of the resupply can be effective by using catalyst impregnated carbon nanotubes. For example, NO decomposition to N2 and O2 is thermodynamically favored. Data showing decomposition of NO on metal impregnated carbon nanotubes is presented. Comparisons are made of the existing TCCS systems with the carbon nanotube based technology for removing NOx based on mass/energy penalties.
Disruption of a Retinal Guanylyl Cyclase Gene Leads to Cone-Specific Dystrophy and Paradoxical Rod Behavior

One of two orphan photoreceptor guanylyl cyclases that are highly conserved from fish to mammals, GC-E (or retGC1) was eliminated by gene disruption. Expression of the second retinal cyclase (GC-F) as well as the numbers and morphology of rods remained unchanged in GC-E null mice. However, rods isolated from such mice, despite having a normal dark current, recovered from a light flash markedly faster. Unexpectedly, the a- and b-waves of electroretinograms (ERG) from dark-adapted null mice were suppressed markedly. Cones, initially present in normal numbers in the retina, disappeared by 5 weeks, based on ERG and histology. Thus, the GC-E-deficient mouse defines a model for cone dystrophy, but it also demonstrates that morphologically normal rods display paradoxical behavior in their responses to light.
Waveguide PIN junction electrooptic phase modulators: theoretical analysis and design criteria

Basic design equations for waveguide PIN heterojunction electrooptic phase modulators utilizing the linear electrooptic effect are derived, and criteria for optimum operation (in terms of obtainable phase shifts) are discussed. Although the numerical examples pertain to devices fabricated of the AlGaAs system on (100) substrates, the same method can be directly applied to modulators fabricated of other materials.
EFFECT OF 50 PER CENT SODIUM DIATRIZOATE (HYPAQUE) ON BLOOD FLOW IN THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY OF MAN.

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of the intracarotid injection of 50 per cent sodium diatrizoate on flow in the internal carotid artery, intravascular pressure in the carotid artery, and heart rate has been determined in 10 patients. 2. 2. The average control value of mean flow in these subjects was 160 c.c. per minute. After the injection of 50 per cent sodium diatrizoate there was an immediate increase in flow in the internal carotid artery which reached an average peak at 20 seconds of 242 c.c. per mitute for the group, and which lasted throughout the observation period of 60 seconds. 3. 3. There were no consistent or significant changes in arterial pressure. 4. 4. The heart rate decreased significantly immediately after injection, but returned to normal in 20 seconds. 5. 5. There was a significant decrease in peripheral resistance in the vascular bed of the injected internal carotid artery which began within 5 seconds, and which persisted throughout the observation period of 60 seconds. 6. 6. These data show that the over-all vascular response after an intracarotid injection of 50 per cent sodium diatrizoate is that of vasodilatation.
Growth of order via thermolysis in graphite C8KH2O compounds

Reacting first stage graphite C8K compounds with water leads to poorly crystalline materials containing K+ and water. Heating such materials in the range 400 – 700 C can restore the order in the direction of stacking (Lc) to that found in the initial graphite. Microanalysis of these products, following water washing and drying, indicates that about 65% of the potassium of the C8KH2O material is lost. Such results are consistent with a model of the C8KH2O materials as disordered intercalation compounds (in which the intercalation process can be reversed) rather than as residue compounds (in which the entrapment should be irreversible).
Single-Source Three-Dimensional Imaging From A Moving Platform

A single electronic camera mounted on a moving platform can be used to generate three-dimensional images for remote sensing in near-real time. Preliminary tests with an airborne motion picture camera and VISIDEP (tin) alternating frame technology have been used to demonstrate the feasibility of such a system. With the continued development of high density digital video, high quality three-dimensional video images may be generated in near-real-time with delays of less than three or four seconds.
Thioamides via thiatriazolines

A method for thioamide formation from dithioacids and azides is described and a mechanistic framework is presented.
The rotation of a rigid spheroidal inclusion embedded in a transversely isotropic medium

Abstract The exact three-dimensional elasticity solutions are given for two problems related to a rigid spheroidal inclusion embedded in bonded contact with an infinite transversely isotropic elastic medium. The first is of axisymmetric nature in which the inclusion is given a constant rotation about its axis of revolution which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the material. The second problem is asymmetric where the spheroidal inclusion is given a constant rotation about a direction that is perpendicular to the axis of elastic symmetry of the material. The displacement potential representation for the equilibrium of three-dimensional transversely isotropic bodies is used to solve the problem. In both cases, the moment-rotation relationship for the spheroidal inclusion and its limiting configurations are obtained in closed form. Numerical results are presented to show the effect of the aspect ratio of the spheroid on the rotational stiffness.