cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic and restorative procedures for retained deciduous teeth in the adult

The restorative dentist will occasionally be confronted with complex treatment planning such as (1) tooth-to-arch dimensional discrepancies, (2) teeth tilted from the vertical midline, (3) teeth overlapped with root contact, (4) horizontal loss of arch dimension from retained deciduous teeth, (5) an impacted adult canine tooth, and (6) peg lateral incisors. Pretreatment diagnostic tooth positioning on replica casts, radiographs, pertinent clinical information, and strategic prosthodontic and orthodontic therapy can ensure predictable treatment. Orthodontic and restorative procedures for three patients with these described discrepancies are detailed to support the direction of treatment planning.
A dynamic content summarization system for opportunistic driver infotainment

The in-vehicle experience offers a unique challenge for delivering the right amount of information to the driver at the right time. The level of attention required to successfully manage the driving task is often in variable. An ideal in vehicle information delivery system would deliver content to the driver only during low task demand times, such as waiting at a stop light, when the driver's safety would be minimally compromised. The system would also have to respond to sudden changes in the situation such as driver interruption or distraction and terminate gracefully, allowing the driver to refocus on the driving task. In this paper, we present an embedded natural language processing (NLP) system that delivers speech synthesized summarized text content into tailored time slices. The system is also designed to respond dynamically to interruptions. We anticipate that this system could safely deliver speech synthesized content to drivers and allow them to make the most of their time on the road. We have implemented this system on an Atom Z530 processor with 1GB of RAM, a processor comparable to those found in factory installed In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) systems and have evaluated it in a laboratory test using a standard NLP corpus to demonstrate this potential.
Random arrays and functionals with multivariate rotational symmetries

Our aim is to extend Schoenberg's classical theorem to higher dimensions, by establishing representations of arbitrary separately or jointly rotatable continuous linear random functionals in terms of multiple Wiener-Ito integrals and their tensor products. This leads to similar representations for separately or jointly rotatable arrays, and for separately or jointly exchangeable or spreadable random sheets.
Power and false-positive rates for the restricted partition method (RPM) in a large candidate gene data set.

Many phenotypes of public health importance (e.g., diabetes, coronary artery disease, major depression, obesity, and addictions to alcohol and nicotine) involve complex pathways of action. Interactions between genetic variants or between genetic variants and environmental factors likely play important roles in the functioning of these pathways. Unfortunately, complex interacting systems are likely to have important interacting factors that may not readily reveal themselves to univariate analyses. Instead, detecting the role of some of these factors may require analyses that are sensitive to interaction effects.
Studies in vitro on single beating rat-heart cells X. The effect of linoleic and palmitic acids on beating and mitochondrial phosphorylation

Abstract 1. Beating rat-heart cells cultured in a lipid-deficient medium showed: (a) lack of growth; (b) decrease and later a cessation of the beating; (c) impairment of oxidative phosphorylation and a decrease in the respiratory control; (d) a pattern of fatty acid deficiency as shown by the analysis using gas-liquid chromatography. 2. The addition of albumin-bound linoleic acid or arachidonic acids prevented partially or totally the effects of the lipid deficiency on the mitochondrial function and the fatty acid composition, but did not promote growth and did not improve the beating. 3. Medium supplemented with albumin-bound palmitic acid maintained the beating, but did not promote growth and did not affect the impairment of the mitochondrial function.
The controversy surrounding the pathogenesis of the multiple sclerosis lesion.

The main issues in multiple sclerosis research revolve around four fundamental questions. (1) What initiates the disease—that is, autoimmune T cells, a virus, or a toxin? (2) Is the inflammatory response primary to the development of demyelination, or is it a secondary response to injury? (3) Is the oligodendrocyte, the myelin-producing cell, the primary target? (4) How can myelin repair be promoted? This review focuses on the controversies revolving around these important questions. Although many investigators believe that T-cell receptors on CD4 + cells interact with myelin antigens to initiate an inflammatory cascade that leads to myelin destruction, others maintain that a viral agent may have a direct or indirect role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. The concept that the immune system contributes to the tissue destruction in multiple sclerosis is generally accepted; however, the debate about cause versus consequence of the pathologic process remains unresolved, as does the identification of the initial event or focus of the damage. Electron microscopic studies have disclosed evidence of remyelination (albeit often incomplete) in lesions of multiple sclerosis. Enhanced understanding of the factors limiting remyelination could help formulate strategies to promote repair. By innovative experimental design and application of available molecular techniques, the answers to these questions may provide insights on how to prevent or treat multiple sclerosis
Midline ventral intradural schwannoma of the cervical spinal cord resected via anterior corpectomy with reconstruction: technical case report and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Spinal cord schwannomas are intradural nerve sheath tumors that almost universally occupy a dorsolateral, lateral, or ventrolateral position. Therefore, resection of these lesions typically proceeds via a posterior or posterolateral approach. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present a case of a midline ventral intradural schwannoma of the cervical spinal cord causing myelopathy. To the best of our knowledge. no previous reparts specifically discuss purely midline ventral intradural schwannomas. INTERVENTION: Resection of the tumor was performed via an anterior cervical corpectomy with spinal arthrodesis and fixation. We review possible causes for such corpectomy with spinal arthrodesis and fixation. We review possible causes for such an anomaious location for schwannoma as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical strategies for removing the tumor. CONCLUSION: This case exemplities the usefulness of anterior approaches to the cervical spine in treating unusual intradural spinal cord tumors.
Radiation from magnetized accretion disks in active galactic nuclei

We present a model of AGN based on accretion disks around 10 exp 8 solar mass black holes, which incorporates a strong magnetic field in the disk, with loops above the disk in which B is about 100 G. The magnetic energy in the loops dissipates, accelerating electrons to relativistic energies. The electrons emit synchrotron and inverse-Compton radiation, much of which is reflected or scattered by gas in the disk. We calculate the emitted spectrum from infrared to gamma rays. Of the total emission, 23 percent goes into a nu exp -1 power law and 77 percent into thermal radiation at 24,000 K (due to the disk, which is heated by nonthermal radiation and energetic ions). The model accounts quantitatively for the X-ray and gamma-ray backgrounds, and it accounts qualitatively for certain features observed in individual AGNs: a far-infrared cutoff, a minimum at a few microns, the ultraviolet bump, the Compton reflection bump at about 30 keV, and a gamma-ray tail.
G. Stanley Hall: From Philosophy to Developmental Psychology.

When G. Stanley Hall was appointed professor of psychology and pedagogics at Johns Hopkins University in 1884, he began the process of translating an older psychology embedded in moral philosophy into a «new psychology» resting on science. As a Williams College undergraduate, Hall learned a theistic developmental psychology from Mark Hopkins. Taking his doctorate at Harvard University, studying in Germany, and serving as a professor at Johns Hopkins and as Clark University's first president, Hall was a leader in the building of the research university. At clark, Hall initiated a program of child-study questionnaires as a form of data collection contributory to a scientific vision of childhood and adolescence. Hall treated this scientific vision as a reconstituted moral philosophy, offering practical and ethical guidance for the design of practices and institutions for children
The effect on ecological systems of remediation to protect human health.

Environmental remediation of contaminated eco-sytems reduces stresses to these ecosystems, including stresses caused by the production, use, and storage of weapons of mass destruction. The effects of these various stressors on humans can be reduced by remediation or by blocking the exposure of humans, but blocking the exposure of resident biota is almost impossible.Remediation may involve trade-offs between reducing a minor risk to public health and increasing risks to workers and ecosystems. Remediation practices such as soil removal disrupt ecosystems, which take decades to recover. Without further human disturbances, and with low levels of exposure to stress-ors, ecosystems can recover from physical disruptions and spills.Remediation to remove negligible risk to humans can destroy delicate ecosystems for very little gain in public health.
Inositol Pentakisphosphate Mediates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Wnt3a stimulates lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor protein-sensitive transcription, i.e. the canonical pathway, in mouse F9 embryonal tetratocarcinoma cells expressing rat Frizzled-1. We explored the potential roles for inositol polyphosphates as mediators of Wnt signaling in the canonical path-way. Wnt3a triggers G-protein-linked phosphatidylinositol signaling, transiently generating inositol polyphosphates, especially inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) accumulation. Knock-down of Gαq abolishes, whereas expression of the Q209L constitutively active mutant of Gαq mimics, the effects of Wnt3a on IP5 generation and downstream signaling. Phospholipase Cβ-1 and Cβ-3 mediate the G protein signal to the level of phosphatidylinositol signaling. Knock-down and inhibitor studies of the enzymes responsible for generating IP5 reveal inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase and inositol polyphosphate multikinase as key mediators in the production of IP5. Wnt3a stimulation of the canonical pathway requires accumulation of IP5, which acts to inhibit the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, whereas stimulating casein kinase 2. Blockade of Wnt3a stimulation of IP5 generation blocks β-catenin accumulation, activation of lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor protein-sensitive transcription, and promotion of primitive endoderm formation in response to Wnt3a. Phosphatidylinositol signaling mediates Wnt3a action in the canonical pathway, acting to generate inositol pentakisphosphate, a key second messenger of Wnt3a.
Recent studies on the binding of cortisol in serum

Abstract The isolation of CBG by affinity chromatography is described. The amino acid composition of this preparation is in good agreement with CBG isolated by standard techniques. The effect of cortisol on lymphocytes and tyrosine amino transferase activity in vivo is shown not to be altered by the presence of CBG. The kinetics of the dissociation of the CBG-cortisol complex is studied in a flowing system at various temperatures and the activation energy for this dissociation calculated to be 21 kcal/mol. Proteins other than CBG which bind to cortisol covalently linked to Sepharose are isolated and identified as IgG, IgM, and IgA. It is not yet clear whether these are naturally-occurring antibodies to cortisol or proteins which bind cortisol at non-antibody combining sites.
On periodic modes of saturating discrete control systems

Abstract A discrete sequence method is presented in this paper to identify possible limit cycles in saturating discrete control systems. This method produces explicit relationships between self-sustained oscillations and relevant system parameters. No approximation is made. There is no restriction with respect to the order of the linear plant to be controlled. Experimental verification is also provided.
Transcatheter closure of residual atrial septal defect following implantation of buttoned device

We report a case in which residual shunting after a buttoned device occlusion of atrial septal defect (ASD) was eliminated by transcatheter retrieval of a portion of the device, followed by implantation of a second device. This method may be helpful for those patients with residual ASDs who decline surgical device retrieval and defect closure.
Mapping Knowledge Resources for Government Learning on Public-Private Partnerships

This paper investigates the value of various knowledge resources for supporting government agencies in preparing their staff to work on public private partnerships for infrastructure (PPP). Recent ...
Seasonally and site specificity of mechanical dietary patterns in two malagasy lemur families (Lemuridae and Indriidae)

Relationships between tooth morphology and physical food properties are well established. Because food breakdown is initiated by the dentition, one may posit that variations in tooth form are related functionally to the physical demands placed on them by the diet. Yet classification of diets as leaves, fruits,and insects does not adequately describe foods in mechanically significant ways. Furthermore, physical dietary properties have not been well quantified. I describe patterns of two physical food properties — hardness and shear strength — in the diets of five lemur taxa in Madagascar— Propithecus diadema edwardsi, Lemur fulvus rufus, and Lemur rubriventer—in the rain forest site of Ranomafana National Park and Propithecus v. verreauxiand Lemur cattaat the dry forest site of Beza Mahafaly special reserve. I compared mean plant values for each lemur taxon, the most stressful foods eaten and the amount of time spent feeding on each dietary item. Variation in food hardness is a site phenomenon with fluctuations within sites. Shear strength is strongly seasonal. Lemur diets, as traditionally classified, are not mechanically uniform since frugivores and folivores could be separated on the basis of the physical properties of their foods. Finally, I assign taxa to dietary categories that are mechanically descriptive and derive several predictions regarding expected tooth morphologies from them.
Development of drug loaded nanoparticles for tumor targeting. Part 1: synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation in 2D cell cultures

Nanoparticles (NPs) are being extensively studied as carriers for drug delivery, but they often have limited penetration inside tumors. We envision that by targeting an endocytic receptor on the cell surface, the uptake of NPs can be significantly enhanced through receptor mediated endocytosis. In addition, if the receptor is recycled to the cell surface, the NP cargo can be transported out of the cells, which is then taken up by neighboring cells thus enhancing solid tumor penetration. To validate our hypothesis, in the first of two articles, we report the synthesis of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded, hyaluronan (HA) coated silica nanoparticles (SNPs) containing a highly fluorescent core to target CD44, a receptor expressed on the cancer cell surface. HA was conjugated onto amine-functionalized SNPs prepared through an oil–water microemulsion method. The immobilization of the cytotoxic drug DOX was achieved through an acid sensitive hydrazone linkage. The NPs were fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-vis absorbance, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Initial biological evaluation experiments demonstrated that compared to ligand-free SNPs, the uptake of HA-SNPs by the CD44-expressing SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells was significantly enhanced when evaluated in the 2D monolayer cell culture. Mechanistic studies suggested that cellular uptake of HA-SNPs was mainly through CD44 mediated endocytosis. HA-SNPs with immobilized DOX were endocytosed efficiently by the SKOV-3 cells as well. The enhanced tumor penetration and drug delivery properties of HA-SNPs will be evaluated in 3D tumor models in the subsequent paper.
Phasic left ventricular blood velocity alternans in man

Abstract With use of the Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter catheter, phasic instantaneous left ventricular blood flow velocity was measured by radiotelemetry in 28 subjects during pacemaker-evoked pulsus alternans. Blood velocity alternation was more manifest at faster pacing rates. Four patients demonstrated diastolic blood velocity alternans at the mitral valve. Discordant right heart pressure and left ventricular blood velocity alternation was recorded in three subjects. In one such patient, rate-related shifts of concordant and discordant left ventricular blood velocity alternans occurred. Intermediate or variant forms of alternation, comprising weak and strong beats in a ratio of 2:1, were noted in two subjects. This study provides the first comprehensive description of left ventricular blood velocity alternans in man. The observed phenomena may be related to an altered inotropic state or to beat to beat variations in end-diastolic fiber length.
Actions of GABA in developing rabbit hippocampus: an in vitro study

The development of neuronal responses to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was examined using intracellular recording techniques in area CA1 of rabbit hippocampal slices maintained in vitro. Micro-application of GABA (via pressure ejection) in stratum pyramidale in slices from mature rabbits (age 1 month) evoked a hyperpolarization of CA1 pyramidal neurons. The reversal potential (Erev) for this response was approximately −70 mV. In contrast, local application of GABA into stratum pyramidale in slices from immature rabbits (age 7–10 days) produced a depolarizing response with an Erev of approximately −54 mV. The relationship between these findings and the development of inhibitory synaptic activity in rabbit hippocampus is discussed.
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Although hindfoot pathology in rheumatoid arthritis is a significant cause of disability for patients, the etiology of the planovalgus deformity is controversial. The present study surveys 99 patients with clinically proven rheumatoid arthritis for the presence and severity of hindfoot pathology. Specific attention was directed at the function of the posterior tibial tendon, as disruption of this structure has been implicated by some investigators as a cause of hindfoot deformity in rheumatoid arthritis. Assessment of posterior tibial function was by manual testing using two different grading scales, as well as by examination for several signs associated with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Between 13% and 64% of the study population could be considered to have posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, depending upon the specific diagnostic criteria used. Using the presence of all three of the most stringent criteria for diagnosis, 11% of patients were believed to have posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. These criteria were loss of the longitudinal arch, inability to perform a heel-rise, and lack of a palpable posterior tibial tendon. This study demonstrates that planovalgus deformity in rheumatoid arthritis can be due to clinically evident dysfunction of the posterior tibial muscle-tendon unit. There is a complex interplay between hindfoot joint disruption due to the inflammatory process and deformity due to tendinous dysfunction. If there is primary subtalar joint instability secondary to the inflammatory process, the posterior tibial tendon is rendered dysfunctional due to deranged hindfoot mechanics, as with primary posterior tibial tendon rupture. Since treatment of either condition (i.e., primary hindfoot instability or primary posterior tibial tendon rupture) is similar, the distinction is not important clinically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rectifiably ambiguous points of planar sets

Denote by P the Euclidean plane with a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system where the x -axis is horizontal and the y -axis is vertical. An arc in P shall mean a simple continuous curve Λ:{ t : 0 ≦ t P having the properties that limit t→1 Λ(t) exists and limit t→1 Λ( t ) ≠ Λ(t 0 ) for 0 ≦t 0 arc at a point ζ in P shall be an arc Λ where lim t→1 Λ(t) = ζ. If S is an arbitrary subset of the plane, ζ is termed an ambiguous point relative to S provided there are arcs Λ and Γ at ζ with Λ ⊆ S and Γ ⊆ P–S ; such arcs are referred to as arcs of ambiguity at ζ. If A is a set of arcs we say a point ζ in P is accessible via A provided there is an arc at ζ which is an element of A . If B is also a collection of arcs, then A and B are said to be pointwise disjoint if whenever α∈ A and β ∈ B , α ∩ β = O. The collections A and B are said to be terminally arcwise disjoint if whenever α ∈ A and β ∈ B and both α and β are arcs at a point ζ in P , then a ∩ β contains no arc at ζ. If S is a planar set, we let A ( S ) denote the set of all arcs contained in S . Note that if S ∩ T = O then A ( S ) and A ( T ) are pointwise disjoint collections of arcs.
Supplementation based on protein or energy ingredients to beef cattle consuming low-quality cool-season forages: II. Performance, reproductive, and metabolic responses of replacement heifers

This experiment evaluated the influence of supplement composition on performance, reproduc- tive, and metabolic responses of Angus × Hereford heif- ers consuming a low-quality cool-season forage (8.7% CP and 57% TDN). Sixty heifers (initial age = 226 ± 3 d) were allocated into 15 drylot pens (4 heifers/pen and 5 pens/treatment) and assigned to 1) supplementation with soybean meal (PROT), 2) supplementation with a mixture of cracked corn, soybean meal, and urea (68:22:10 ratio, DM basis; ENER), or 3) no supplementation (CON). Heifers were offered meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pra- tensis L.) hay for ad libitum consumption during the experiment (d -10 to 160). Beginning on d 0, PROT and ENER were provided daily at a rate of 1.30 and 1.40 kg of DM/heifer to ensure that PROT and ENER intakes were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Hay and total DMI were recorded for 5 consecutive days during each month of the experiment. Blood was collected every 10 d for analysis of plasma progesterone to evaluate puberty attainment. Blood samples collected on d -10, 60, 120, and 150 were also analyzed for plasma concentrations of plasma urea N (PUN), glucose, insulin, IGF-I, NEFA, and leptin. Liver samples were collected on d 100 from 2 heifers/pen and analyzed for mRNA expression of genes associated with nutritional metabolism. No treat- ment effect was detected (P = 0.33) on forage DMI. Total DMI, ADG, and mean concentrations of glucose, insulin, and IGF-I as well as hepatic mRNA expression of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were greater (P ≤ 0.02) for PROT and ENER compared with CON and similar between PROT and ENER (P ≥ 0.13). Mean PUN concentrations were also greater (P < 0.01) for PROT and ENER compared with CON, whereas PROT heifers had greater (P < 0.01) PUN compared with ENER. Plasma leptin concentra- tions were similar between ENER and PROT (P ≥ 0.19) and greater (P ≤ 0.03) for ENER and PROT compared with CON on d 120 and 150 (treatment × day interac- tion, P = 0.03). Hepatic mRNA expression of mitochon- drial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was greater (P = 0.05) in PROT compared with CON and ENER and similar between CON and ENER (P = 0.98). The propor- tion of heifers pubertal on d 160 was greater (P < 0.01) in ENER compared with PROT and CON and similar between PROT and CON (P = 0.38). In conclusion, beef heifers consuming a low-quality cool-season forage had a similar increase in DMI, growth, and overall metabolic status if offered supplements based on soybean meal or corn at 0.5% of BW.
Financial model calibration using consistency hints

We introduce a technique for forcing the calibration of a financial model to produce valid parameters. The technique is based on learning from hints. It converts simple curve fitting into genuine calibration, where broad conclusions can be inferred from parameter values. The technique augments the error function of curve fitting with consistency hint error functions based on the Kullback-Leibler distance. We introduce an efficient EM-type optimization algorithm tailored to this technique. We also introduce other consistency hints, and balance their weights using canonical errors. We calibrate the correlated multifactor Vasicek model of interest rates, and apply it successfully to Japanese Yen swaps market and US dollar yield market.
Rising and Narrowing: 16th-Century Geometric Algorithms used to Design the Bottom of Ships in Portugal

Methods of designing the bottom of ship's hulls were only a small part of the process of building a frame‐based ship in Portugal in the 16th and early 17th centuries, but they deserve a careful loo...
A Mechanism for Savings in the Cerebellum

The phenomenon of savings (the ability to relearn faster than the first time) is a familiar property of many learning systems. The utility of savings makes its underlying mechanisms of special interest. We used a combination of computer simulations and reversible lesions to investigate mechanisms of savings that operate in the cerebellum during eyelid conditioning, a well characterized form of motor learning. The results suggest that a site of plasticity outside the cerebellar cortex (possibly in the cerebellar nucleus) can be protected from the full consequences of extinction and that the residual plasticity that remains can later contribute to the savings seen during relearning.
Interactions between Astrocytes and Oligodendroglia in Human and Experimental Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease and Scrapie

We report here a rare interaction between reactive astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, first detected in a brain biopsy of human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and then in experimental CJD in mice and in two models (263K and 22CH) of scrapie in hamsters. In human CJD brain biopsy, low-power electron microscopy revealed numerous examples of astrocytes and oligodendroglial cells in close apposition. At higher magnification, both types of cells were occasionally connected by adhesive plaque junctions (attenuated desmosomes). More complex structures were also seen. Astrocytic cytoplasm was penetrated by oligodendroglial processes or oligodendroglial cells were completely surrounded by astrocytic processes. An analogous phenomenon was identified in the brains of CJD-infected mice and in two models of scrapie-infected hamsters. In the CJD brain biopsy and in brain specimens from CJD-infected mice and scrapie-infected hamsters, GFAP-immunoreactive hypertrophic astrocytes were readily identified, particularly in those areas where the tissue damage was the most extensive. Oligodendrocytes frequently surrounded hypertrophic astrocytic processes or cell bodies and remained unstained in GFAP preparation. The significance of the interactions between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes is unclear at the present time. As in MS and other brain pathologies in which it has been studied, this interaction is not associated with a reaction toward any infectious pathogen but it may be an early cellular event that triggers further brain tissue destruction.
An improved PAM algorithm for optimizing initial cluster center

To solve the inefficiency problem of traditional PAM algorithm for initial cluster center, a new improved PAM algorithm is proposed. The algorithm builds minimum spanning tree and then splits it to get k initial clusters with the relevant cluster centers. Theory analysis and experimental results show that the found initial centers are closed to the desired cluster centers, and the improved algorithm can achieve stable clustering results and higher cluster clustering accuracy.
Biosynthesis of human fibroblast growth factor-5.

Abstract We have analyzed the biosynthesis of human fibroblast growth factor-5 (FGF-5) at the translational and posttranslational levels. FGF-5 RNA synthesized in vitro can be translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates to yield a 29,500-Da protein, which is consistent with the molecular weight predicted from the coding sequence. The efficiency of FGF-5 translation is dramatically enhanced if an upstream open reading frame (ORF-1) in the RNA is deleted or if both AUG codons in ORF-1 are destroyed by point mutations, while partial enhancement is achieved by individual mutation of either ORF-1 AUG codon. These data suggest that FGF-5 synthesis requires the scanning of ribosomes past the two ORF-1 AUG codons. The introduction of these ORF-1 mutations into a eukaryotic FGF-5 expression vector increases its capacity to transform mouse NIH 3T3 cells up to 50-fold upon transfection. FGF-5 is secreted from transfected 3T3 cells and from human tumor cells as glycoproteins containing heterogeneous amounts of sialic acid. Glycosidase treatments suggest that the growth factor bears both N-linked and O-linked sugars.
Fledging success is a poor indicator of the effects of bird blow flies on ovenbird survival

Abstract. Infestations of bird blow flies (Protocalliphora spp. and Trypocalliphora braueri) have various negative effects on the condition of nestling birds. In the absence of other stressors such as inclement weather, however, infestation alone rarely reduces fledging success. Previous studies have documented effects of blow flies on nestling condition and fledging success. Without information regarding fledgling survival, the full effect of blow-fly infestation remains unclear. To fully investigate the effect of blow-fly infestation on reproductive success of the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), we monitored infested and non-infested nests and monitored fledglings from each by using radio telemetry. Blow flies did not affect birds during the nestling period, as brood size, mean nestling mass, fledging success, and time to fledging in infested and non-infested nests were no different. Fledgling survival and minimum distance traveled the first day after fledging, however, were significantly lower for infe...
Leibniz and Van Helmont: Their Friendship and Collaboration

In order to establish the influence of van Helmont on Leibniz it is important to dispel the general opinion that van Helmont was something of a lovable buffoon, tolerated but hardly taken seriously by Leibniz (or by any other intelligent person). Manuscript evidence proves beyond doubt that Leibniz was a careful reader of van Helmont’s books as well as an attentive listener to his conversation. He wrote extensive analyses and critical commentaries about van Helmont’s opinions, mostly for the benefit of his patron, the Electress Sophie of Brunswick and Hanover. A close look at these letters and memoranda reveals that while analyzing van Helmont’s various theories about God, souls, matter, the divine attributes, pre-existence, the transmigration of souls, and the rationale for sin and suffering, Leibniz modified and adapted his own theories. There are three key areas in which van Helmont’s kabbalistic philosophy had a significant impact on Leibniz: 1) in the development of his concept of monads; 2) in his evolving ideas about free will and determinism; and 3) in the formulation of his theodicy. Van Helmont’s views also helped to shape Leibniz’s theory of causation in terms of volition. But before substantiating this influence, the reader must be persuaded that Leibniz did indeed take van Helmont seriously.
Triage: Setting Priorities for Health Care

The concept of triage is central to the allocation of healthcare resources. As demands for health care increase, medical technologies and providers become more expensive and more scarce. Triage decisions occur at all levels in the distribution of resources. It is essential to explore the concept of triage and some of the underlying ethical principles for triage decision-making from the perspective of the discipline of nursing. Examining how definitions of triage apply to practice will enable nurses to participate in reform strategies for the healthcare system.
Genetic Models of Epilepsy with Special Reference to the Syndrome of the Papio Papio

SUMMARY The characteristics of the photo-myoclonic syndrome in the Papio papio have been described. Results of an ongoing survey of subhuman primates evaluating the incidence of the photo-myoclonic response were reported. Pharmacological studies including anticonvulsants and activating agents were presented. RESUME Les caracteristiques du syndrome photo-myoclonique chez le Papio papio sont decrites. Les resultats ďune etude en cours sur des primates subhumains pour evaluer ľincidence de la reponse photo-myoclonique sont rapportes. Des etudes pharmacologiques incluant ľutilisation ďagents anticonvulsifs et activants sont presentees.
A Closer Look at the 2011 cMSSM Results from CMS

We present a phenomenological appraisal of the results of several searches for Supersym- metry (SUSY) performed at the LHC by the CMS collaboration and interpreted in the context of the cMSSM. Part of the analysis focuses on which SUSY production processes are being probed. We observe that much of the current exclusion region is dominated by squark-squark and squark-gluino production, and explain the shape of the exclusion curves. Based on this analysis and an estima- tion of future reach, additional simplied models are suggested. Other phenomenological details are
Children's Attitudes toward Physical Disability in Nepal A Field Study

Nepalese children's attitudes toward peers with visible physical disabilities were studied, using a picture-ranking interview, and compared to a Western standard. Nepalese children expressed a positive preference toward peers with obesity that departed from all prior Western findings. Children's attitudes and comments implied that body size was associated with wealth, power, and food availability. Males were more avoidant of physical disabilities that interfere with functional activities, whereas females expressed a lower preference for cosmetic disabilities (in this instance, a facial cleft). Disabilities that are physically threatening to daily functioning are reported as less common and are avoided, reflecting feelings of unfamiliarity and potential survival threat.
Effect of platinum metallization in cofired platinum / alumina microsystems for implantable medical applications

Typically, hermetic feedthroughs for implantable devices, such as pacemakers, use an alumina ceramic insulator brazed to a platinum wire pin. This material combination has a long history in implantable devices and is the desired structure due to the acceptance by the FDA for implantable hermetic feedthroughs. The growing demand for increased input/output (I/O) hermetic feedthroughs for implantable neural stimulator applications can be addresses by developing a new, co-fired platinum/alumina multilayer ceramic technology in a configuration that supports 300 plus I/Os, which is not commercially available. Different densification rate of platinum and alumina is the major issue in developing a high-density feedthrough. This difference in densification rate could create delamination and crack in feedthrough structure and decrease the reliability and degree of the hermeticty of the final assembly. In this paper different metallization were evaluated to minimize this difference. Additionaly the firing atmosphere...
The Roles of Bcl-XL and Apopain in the Control of Erythropoiesis by Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin (EP) is required by late-stage erythroid progenitor cells to prevent apoptosis. Several lines of evidence suggest that it is this action of EP that regulates erythrocyte production in vivo. To study the control of apoptosis in mouse and human erythroblasts, the expression of members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins and the expression and activation of the apoptosis-linked cysteine protease Yama/CPP32/apopain were examined. These proteins have been implicated as regulators of apoptosis in several cell models. The Bcl-2 family members analyzed were Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Bax, Bad, Bak, A1, and Mcl-1. Bcl-X expression in proerythroblasts was highly EP-dependent. Bcl-X was strongly increased during the terminal differentiation stages of human and mouse erythroblasts, reaching maximum transcript and protein levels at the time of maximum hemoglobin synthesis. This increase in Bcl-X expression led to an apparent level of approximately 50 times the level in proerythroblasts. In contrast, neither mouse nor human erythroblasts expressed Bcl-2 transcript or protein. Bax and Bad proteins remained relatively constant throughout differentiation, but diminished near the time of enucleation. Bak protein was present in early erythroblasts, but diminished progressively during differentiation. EP deprivation in both mouse and human erythroblasts led to activation of the cysteine protease, apopain, as was indicated by cleavage of the proenzyme into its proteolytically active fragments. Apopain activation was detectable within 2 hours of EP deprivation in mouse erythroblasts. These findings suggest an important role for Bcl-X in late erythroid differentiation and for apopain in apoptosis of erythroblasts caused by deprivation of EP.
British Imperial Opposition to Natal Expansion, 1865-73

By the 1860s the British government had demonstrated its resolve to conduct Natal's African policy, both internal and external, on the basis of non-interference. This principle had resulted in the maintenance of the location system, as the most efficient means of controlling the tribes in the colony, and a determination to avoid interfering with the affairs of Zululand. Even the Natalians had to admit that this approach had evidently achieved the imperial objective of preserving stability in the colony and were not averse to contrasting their tranquility with the "frequently recurring and desolating disturbances on the Cape frontiers." Still, although the imperial authorities had affirmed their prerogative over African management, the differences between the British government and the colony had not been settled. The essential point of contention centered on the question of how much authority should the colonists exercise in running their community and how much should be retained by the officials and ministers in London. Hence, while the security obtained from segregating the races was advantageous to British taxpayers and to the colonists it did not solve the latters' demands for increased sources of land and labor.
Cisplatin, carboplatin, and cyclophosphamide combination chemotherapy in advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group pilot study.

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) 600 mg/m2, carboplatin 280 mg/m2, and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 were administered on day 1 every 4 weeks to 41 previously untreated ovarian cancer patients with residual disease greater than 2.0 cm after primary laparotomy. Of 22 patients with measurable disease treated with up to eight cycles of therapy, the overall clinical response rate was 73% (exact 95% confidence interval [CI], 50% to 89%), with 50% complete response (CR). Six of 11 clinical CR (cCR) patients underwent surgical restaging; three pathologic CRs (pCRs) and three pathologic partial responses (pPRs) with residual disease less than 2.0 cm were documented. Fourteen patients had nonmeasurable but assessable disease; the clinical response rate was 57% (Cl, 29% to 82%) with two (14%) CRs. Second-look surgery was performed in one of the two cCR patients; a pPR was documented. Five patients with nonassessable disease were stable during chemotherapy; two underwent surgery and had pCRs. The median time to treatment failure (TTF) w...
Work-family role conflict in microfinance

How microfinance recipients utilize the microfinancing is of core interest in microfinance research. In the present study, we propose that microfinance recipients face work-family conflict over their limited financial resources. Analyzing data from an experiment that provided microfinancing to victims of a natural disaster, findings indicate that the microfinance recipients’ level of devotion to the family role (role involvement) is a critical factor in determining their investment decisions in their small business (role investment), regardless of their gender. Moreover, we find that the demands of the family (role stressors) and the amount of the available resources influence the investment in the business.
A STRATEGY FOR DOSE-FINDING AND SAFETY MONITORING BASED ON EFFICACY AND ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN PHASE I/II CLINICAL TRIALS

We propose a design strategy for single-arm clinical trials in which the goals are to find a dose of an experimental treatment satisfying both safety and efficacy requirements, treat a sufficiently large number of patients to estimate the rates of these events at the selected dose with a given reliability, and stop the trial early if it is likely that no dose is both safe and efficacious. Patient outcome is characterized by a trinary ordinal variable accounting for both efficacy and toxicity. Like Thall, Simon, and Estey (1995, Statistics in Medicine 14, 357-379), we use Bayesian criteria to generate decision rules while relying on frequentist criteria obtained via simulation to determine a design parameterization with good operating characteristics. The strategy is illustrated by application to a bone marrow transplantation trial for hematologic malignancies and a trial of a biologic agent for malignant melanoma.
Life Histories of Acanalonia bivittata and A. conica with Descriptions of Immature Stages

The life histories of Acanalonia bivittata (Say) and A. conica (Say) were investigated in southern Illinois, and the immature stages were described. Both species were also reared in the laboratory. A. bivittata and A. conica are univoltine, feed on a wide variety of woody and herbaceous plants, and overwinter as eggs inserted in woody vegetation. A. bivittata was reared on green beans and walnut leaves, A. conica on green beans and redbud leaves. Total development time averaged 212.3 and 311.1 days for A. bivittata and A. conica, respectively. Nymphs of both species are attacked by one or more unidentified species of Dryinidae. A. conica nymphs are parasitized by a mite, Leptus sp., and adults and nymphs are parasitized by an epipyropid moth, Epipyrops barberiana Dyar.
Synthesis of cadmium arsenide quantum dots luminescent in the infrared.

We present the synthesis of Cd3As2 colloidal quantum dots luminescent from 530 to 2000 nm. Previous reports on quantum dots emitting in the infrared are primarily limited to the lead chalcogenides and indium arsenide. This work expands the availability of high quality infrared emitters.
A Two-Stage Algorithm for Project Scheduling Problems with Multi-skilled Workforce Constraints

A two-stage optimization algorithm was represented to solve one type of project scheduling problems w ith multi-skilled w orkforce constraints( PSPMSWC). The model of PSPMSWC w as proposed and decomposed into sub-models corresponding to the algorithm. By using hybrid genetic local search( GLS) and CPLEX optimization softw are, a strategy to iteratively solve the sub-models in sequence w as proposed to ensure that all the instances could be solved successfully. Instances w ere randomly generated from a standard problem library and utilized to test the performance of algorithm experimentally. Computational results show that all of instances can be solved efficiently,w ith some of instances having the optimal values. Therefore, the tw o-stage algorithm is proved to be a good method to solve PSPMSWC w ith practical significance.
Research on Correlation Between Internet Measurement Levels and Dynamic Nodes Characteristics

Introducing network science theories,the evolution mechanisms of different network scales w ere analyzed based on lots of data provided by the CAIDA project. As to the topologies of IP-level and AS-level,the correlation betw een the tw o levels and the characteristics of dynamic nodes w ere analyzed, including the dynamically changing proportion of birth / death nodes, preferential attachments and the number of stable attachments. The conclusions are as follow s: firstly,IP-level nodes are more active; secondly,the evolution of IP-level non-preferential attachments is more stable,and thirdly,the number of IP-level stable attachments is much greater. The evolutions of the dynamic nodes in different measure levels are different in essence,w hich can provide a valid basis for understanding the Internet evolution mechanism.
The New Rural Construction: the National College Students' Employment New Choice

In recent years, establish and perfect the new rural construction mechanism is the main goal of the China's modern construction, the party and the government continuous issued a series of promoting the new rural construction documents, these for the rural cadastral college students employment for rural areas open new road. This paper through analyzing the construction of new countryside "new" performance, which implies the new rural wide employment opportunities; And then to education as the breakthrough point, this paper discusses the construction of new rural areas lack of human resources of the present situation; Finally, in order to integrate the new rural construction of talent problem and rural cadastral college students' employment difficult problems, from the perspective of the theory of the employment of rural cadastral undergraduate namely feasibility has carried on the preliminary discussion, expect to deepen the understanding of the rural cadastral college students' employment.
Transluminal extraction coronary atherectomy.

The transluminal extraction catheter (TEC) is a forward cutting atherectomy catheter designed to excise and aspirate atheroma and thrombus. The results of clinical studies of TEC are reviewed. Insights into mechanisms of action of TEC in coronary vessels are discussed using information from IVUS and angioscopy. The use of TEC in specific clinical situations is discussed.
Cognitive Remediation in Mental Health

Cognitive deficits are common in psychiatric disorders and often represent key components of these conditions. Rehabilitative techniques that focus on improving cognitive functions are generally referred to as cognitive remediation. This chapter focuses on an evidence-based review of cognitive remediation in psychiatric disorders with an emphasis on schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, and the psychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. We also discuss issues professionals should consider when evaluating the research in this area and ways to improve study methodology in cognitive rehabilitation. Cognitive remediation has growing support as an effective intervention for cognitive comorbidities that frequently accompany psychiatric disorders, particularly for individuals with psychotic symptoms. However, further demonstration of treatment efficacy in specific clinical populations is recommended.
Design and analysis of a low-power constant envelope phase shift modulator

Commonly used constant envelope modulation schemes for wireless communications, such as GMSK and MSK, usually take on complex architectures in IC implementations. This paper describes a constant envelope phase shift modulator based on the OQPSK and MSK modulation schemes, and discusses some circuit design issues and their impact on the performance of the modulator. The modulator produces a signal with discrete step phase shifts, has a relatively simple architecture, consumes low power, and is designed to be integrated with a nonlinear power amplifier in a direct conversion transmitter.