cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Grande Ronde Basalt from the deep canyon country of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho

Deep canyons cut by the Snake, Salmon, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha Rivers near the point where Washington, Oregon, and Idaho join expose >800 m of Grande Ronde Basalt flows. The Grande Ronde Basalt, erupted 16.5 to 14.5 m.y. B.P., makes up 85 vol % of the Columbia River Basalt Group. An area enclosing ∼ 1,000 km 2 of the deep canyon country dominated by this basalt was mapped, and samples from 16 measured sections in the Grande Ronde Basalt were analyzed for major, minor, and trace elements. Three magnetostratigraphic units, R 1 , N 1 , and R 2 , were helpful in mapping the area. Using physically distinct flows, the magnetostratigraphic units, and certain chemical variations, a detailed flow-by-flow stratigraphy was developed, and the lateral extent of many individual flows was traced. The number of flows and thickness of each stratigraphic unit decrease from west to east. These tholeiitic flows are fine-grained and aphyric. Clinopyroxene and plagioclase are the predominant minerals, but olivine, orthopyroxene, pigeonite, and accessory minerals are minor but important phases. The flows are primarily of the low-Mg chemical type, with lesser amounts of the high-Mg chemical type. A cyclical trend in the over-all major- and trace-element chemistry through the stratigraphic section is dominated by a Ca-rich clinopyroxene chemistry. Rare-earth elements show significant light-over-heavy enrichment, but overall patterns remain similar from flow to flow. A small negative Eu anomaly is present in many flows. Three models employing fractional crystallization schemes and one combining fractional crystallization and partial melting were tested using least-squares modeling. A petrogenetic model is proposed wherein partial melting of a heterogeneous, clinopyroxene-dominated mantle supplied magma that ascended to the crust, was temporarily stored, and recurrently erupted. During storage, new basaltic melt with slightly different isotopic and trace-element abundances was added and mixed into the liquid that remained after previous eruptions. Orthopyroxene, plagioclase, and, to a lesser extent, olivine fractionated from these temporarily stored liquids. Upon eruption, clinopyroxene and plagioclase with accessory minerals crystallized at the surface.
Image Steadiness: A Critical Factor In System Performance

One of the important factors that affect the performance of aerial image detecting systems is the presence of sensor angular velocities during image recording. The primary contributors to these unwanted angular velocities are: - Velocity of the aircraft relative to the earth. - Low frequency aircraft angular motions. - Vibration induced angular velocities.
Neglected bacterial zoonoses

Bacterial zoonoses comprise a group of diseases in humans or animals acquired by direct contact with or by oral consumption of contaminated animal materials, or via arthropod vectors. Among neglected infections, bacterial zoonoses are among the most neglected given emerging data on incidence and prevalence as causes of acute febrile illness, even in areas where recognized neglected tropical diseases occur frequently. Although many other bacterial infections could also be considered in this neglected category, five distinct infections stand out because they are globally distributed, are acute febrile diseases, have high rates of morbidity and case fatality, and are reported as commonly as malaria, typhoid or dengue virus infections in carefully designed studies in which broad-spectrum diagnoses are actively sought. This review will focus attention on leptospirosis, relapsing fever borreliosis and rickettsioses, including scrub typhus, murine typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiosis. Of greatest interest is the lack of distinguishing clinical features among these infections when in humans, which confounds diagnosis where laboratory confirmation is lacking, and in regions where clinical diagnosis is often attributed to one of several perceived more common threats. As diseases such as malaria come under improved control, the real impact of these common and under-recognized infections will become evident, as will the requirement for the strategies and allocation of resources for their control.
An Investigation of the Cling of Thin Polymeric Films

The results of an investigation into the mechanisms and debonding energy associated with the cling between thin polymeric films and various substrates are presented in this paper. The thermodynamic work of adhesion as well as electrostatic attraction apparently play significant roles in the cling of a film to a substrate. Peel tests are conducted and strain energy release rates are determined which show different debonding energies for the various film-substrate combinations.
On the geometry of isotropic wideband arrays

We consider the role of array geometry on the Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimating performance of the array where the impinging signal is wideband. We define the criteria under which the planar and volume arrays are isotropic, and derive the necessary and sufficient conditions on the location of array elements so that the array has isotropic performance. We also present several designs of isotropic planar and volume arrays and give example geometries.
Outreach and Education: Reflections from the Trenches

Dear Sir or Madam: Send me as much information as you can about the 1994 Northridge earthquake. I am doing a school project and I need information and photographs. Sincerely, John Q. Student Dear Sir or Madam: My 5th grade students have compiled a list of 50 questions about earthquakes. Could you please answer them and send the answers back by mail? Sincerely, John Q. Teacher The above two letters are less paraphrased than one might guess from actual communications I have seen or received in recent months. These letters, and others of the same ilk, leave me with both a sense of concern and a disinclination to respond—the latter in spite of a sincere belief in the value of outreach and education. Letters such as these concern me because they reveal a distinct lack of intelligent consideration or preparation. One could imagine snippets of letters that would convey a different overall sense: “I have searched Web sites for information on the 1994 Northridge earthquake but have been unable to find a photograph that …
High tolerance to radiation effects and low noise performance of ACUTE-a complementary bipolar SOI IC technology

The 1/f noise performance of advanced complementary bipolar process from united technologies (ACUTE) is presented as a function of total dose, device geometry, and polarity as well as bias condition during irradiation. ACUTE's noise performance is also compared to noise from devices built on a standard bipolar process. The measured noise spectrum is expressed in terms of Hooge's constant-/spl alpha//sub H/ which normalizes the "noisiness" of the device to its geometry and doping profiles and therefore allows one to compare different structures. The results indicate a significant radiation tolerance and superior low noise of ACUTE process as compared with standard bipolar technology.
Reinforcing student understanding of linked list operations in a game

Linked lists play an important role in learning basic Computer Science (CS) concepts among a number of different data structures. They are the basis for more complex data structures such as tree data structures. Recursion, stacks and queues can be effectively implemented using linked lists. We observe over the years that our students struggle with linked lists more than some other data structures. While students understand the concepts of stack and queue data structures faster, they need more time to understand and visualize the linked list and its operation algorithms. This paper presents a game-like instructional module called Space Traveler that aims to assist students to better understand and master the concepts of linked lists. Four CS undergraduate students developed it using GameMaker Studio in three months. The Space Traveler game looks like a classic snake game. The game supports practicing the linked list operations such as insertion, search and deletion. This paper presents the game design and implementation in detail and shares our experiences using this module in the CSC2331 Data Structure class at Winston-Salem State University (WSSU) in 2014. This module has been refined based on the feedback from students and instructors. The refined version will be used again in the upcoming semesters. A pretest, a posttest and a survey were developed and used in the evaluation process. In addition, a lab assignment was designed to accompany the game module. Initial assessment outcomes showed very promising student improvements as a result of the use of this game module in the classroom. The module has been made available online to benefit students at other institutions.
Saturable binding of circulating peptide YY in the dorsal vagal complex of rats

The rationale for this study was to test the hypothesis that peripherally released peptide YY (PYY) acts in the vagal nuclear complex of the medulla oblongata to modulate vagal tone centrally. The objective was to determine whether circulating PYY gains access to and binds to the receptors identified in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) under physiological conditions. Specific brain regions were microdissected after intravenous 125I-labeled PYY and 131I-labeled bovine serum albumin infusions to determine saturable accumulation of PYY in the brain and to determine if there were changes in plasma volume with large PYY infusions. Significant (P < 0.05) saturable binding was observed in the region of the brain stem containing the DVC and the pituitary. There were no significant changes in plasma volume in any region after the infusion of the excess nonradioactive PYY. We conclude that under physiological conditions circulating PYY binds to sites in the pituitary and portions of the DVC that have PYY receptors and an incomplete blood-brain barrier but does not bind to other areas that have an intact blood-brain barrier. Therefore this peripheral hormone may act centrally to modulate the digestive system and is a member of a novel class of gut hormones that function as central neuromodulators.
Native Language Detection with Tree Substitution Grammars

We investigate the potential of Tree Substitution Grammars as a source of features for native language detection, the task of inferring an author's native language from text in a different language. We compare two state of the art methods for Tree Substitution Grammar induction and show that features from both methods outperform previous state of the art results at native language detection. Furthermore, we contrast these two induction algorithms and show that the Bayesian approach produces superior classification results with a smaller feature set.
Globalization Impacts on Local Commons: Multiscale Strategies for Socioeconomic and Ecological Resilience

Globalization can have substantial impact on local commons by reducing sustainability of ecosystems and their vital services. Without effective local institutions, these resources are at high risk of exploitation, especially to feed global markets. This study proposes a multiscale ecosystem framework (MEF) that incorporates information on ecosystem components, socioeconomic processes, and their interactions. This includes inter and intra common interactions and multi-scale processes to evaluate inter and intra scale changes in socioeconomic and ecological processes of commons. Local participation and multi-disciplinary information are critical in achieving sustainability. Using a global dataset of selected indicators, a general decline is observable in local commons that face globalization. The need for increasing resilience of commons through multi-scale adaptation strategies can inform decisions at the national, state and local levels. Increased resilience through ecosystem-based approach can minimize impacts of globalization using information on multiattribute processes, equity considerations, development of robust institutions, and effective strategies for adaptation.
Who is at Fault Here? The Bush Administration, Presidential Power, and the Signing Statement

In 2006, the Bush administration received a great deal of attention and criticism for its refusal to execute or administer provisions of law that it deemed constitutionally problematic. The administration placed its refusal - over 1100 specific refusals - in a bill signing statement. While the administration was not the first to use the bill signing statement in this way, it is the first to use it as often as it did. Critics used this fact to highlight a presidency that had become abusive of the constitutional system of checks and balances. The purpose of this article is to explain what the signing statement is, how it has been used by the current Bush administration, and to assess who is responsible for the imbalance in the system of checks and balances - the President or the Congress?
The Cowl Makes the Monk: How Avatar Appearance and Role Labels Affect Cognition in Virtual Worlds

0 0 1 132 747 University of Texas at Austin 10 2 877 14.0 96 800x600 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} This study examined how avatars influence operators in stereotype-consistent ways. Participants controlled formally or glamorously dressed avatars, and then created stories. Half of the participants heard a comment about the likely role of the avatar based on its looks (e.g., professor, supermodel). An automated linguistic analysis uncovered that participants using formally dressed avatars referred more to education, books, and numbers. Conversely, participants using glamorously dressed avatars used more words related to sports, entertainment, clothes, and beauty. Also, glamorously dressed avatars with a supermodel role elicited brands, exotic names, and age concerns, but the same avatar with no role stimulated descriptions of people and locations. The findings fit the assumptions of priming models and illustrate the additive effects of avatar appearance and role on users’ cognition.
Predicting Opinion Leadership for Men's Apparel Fashions

Interpersonal communication and its influence have been widely researched across various disciplines. Central to a substantial amount of this research is the question of identifying opinion leaders-those persons who tend to be interpersonal transmitters of information and influence to a greater degree than other persons in their social systems. This article seeks to expand the cumulative body of knowledge of interpersonal communication by examining how well selected characteristics predict male clothing fashion opinion leadership across three samples of respondents. We asked: (1) how well does a common set of characteristics explain variation in opinion leadership and (2) are there relatively stable predictors of male clothing fashion opinion leaders?
Structure and Metabolism of Natural and Synthetic Bilirubins

The secondary structure of bilirubin, with a ridge-tile shape and six intramolecular hydrogen bonds, is more stable than any other conformation and perhaps the most important determinant of its solubility and properties in solution and its hepatic metabolism/excretion. Uncoupling the intramolecular hydrogen bonding, increasing the acidity of the propionic acid, or even increasing its length can decrease the pigment's hydrophobicity and permit its excretion intact across the liver into bile; less intuitively obvious, so can subtle modifications at C(10), the pivotal carbon in the ridge tile. (Taken from a talk given by D.A.L. at the International Congress on Neonatal Jaundice, Hong Kong, March 16–18, 2001.)
A γδ T-cell glimpse of glycolipids

T cells as well as B cells are the key players of the adaptive immune system. Whereas B cells produce antibodies that can bind to any antigen in solution, T cells generally require antigen presentation by dedicated antigen-presenting molecules termed major histocompatibility (MHC) or MHC-like proteins. As such, T cells are both specific for the antigen as well as the antigen-presenting molecule. T cells express a heterodimeric antigen receptor (TCR) on the surface, connected to an intracellular signaling apparatus. The TCR that can be formed by either an αβ chain pair or a γδ chain pair leads to the classification of αβ and γδ T cells, depending on the chain combination expressed. Compared with αβ T cells, which have been extensively studied, γδ T-cell function, as well as their antigen specificity and requirement for antigen presentation, is far less understood. Uldrich et al.1 have now structurally and functionally characterized a subset of human γδ T cells that, in addition to αβ T cells, can recognize the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d, and furthermore that activation of these γδ T cells can be modulated by select glycolipid antigens, including αGalCer. Recognition of CD1d-presented αGalCer to date has been the hallmark of semi-invariant Vα24Vβ11 natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a population of evolutionarily conserved T lymphocytes that vary greatly in number in human peripheral blood.2 The CD1d-reactive γδ T cells predominantly express Vδ1 and CD161, are either CD4−/CD8− or CD8+, and are generally less frequent than iNKT cells in human peripheral blood of healthy donors. However, Vδ1 is expressed less in peripheral blood T cells and more in tissue homing T cells, and therefore, the lower frequencies observed in blood are not necessarily a reflection of the overall cell population size in humans.3 Furthermore, they are found consistently in several donors and produce similar cytokines, albeit at lower levels, compared with iNKT cells. Interestingly, and in contrast to iNKT cells, the CD1d-restricted Vδ1+ human γδ T cells are not cross-reactive with murine CD1d and it is currently not clear whether mice have a similar γδ T-cell population.
Effects of Substrate Molecular Structure on the Catalytic Activity of Peptide-Templated Pd Nanomaterials

Advancing catalytic processes toward sustainable conditions is necessary to maintain current production levels in light of dwindling natural resources. Nanomaterial-based catalysts have been suggested as a possible route to achieve this goal; however, the effects of particle structure on the reaction remain unclear. Furthermore, for each reaction, different substrates are likely to be used that vary the molecular size, functional group composition, and reactive moiety site that could significantly alter the reactivity of nanomaterial-based catalysts. In this contribution, we have studied the effects of the molecular substrate structure on the reactivity of peptide-templated Pd nanomaterials with selectable morphologies. In this regard, spherical, ribbon-like, and networked metallic nanomaterials were studied that demonstrated significant degrees of reactivity of olefin hydrogenation using the substrates that varied the molecular size and reactive group position. The results demonstrated that substrate iso...
Long Wave-front Impulse Voltage Test of UHV Air-gaps with Multistage Method and Result Statistics

In order to obtain one better test data statistical method,to ensure the insulation strength,and to optimize the tower design of UHVAC transmission line in China,we researched the statistical methods of 50% flashover voltage U50 and the standard deviation σ for long air-gap test results,and analyzed the flashover characteristics of the tower gap.Moreover,5000 μs long wave-front switching impulse flashover was tested by multistage method,which was mainly about the air-gap from conductor to tower body for UHV cat-head tower side phase 'I' insulator string.The direct vision,weighted mean and least square methods were used to analyze the test results so as to obtain the 50% flashover voltage and standard deviation of the sample data.The differences of the results from three methods were compared,and the more appropriate method was suggested.
Adenosine attenuates calcium paradox injury: Role of adenosine A1 receptor

The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that adenosine attenuates the Ca2+ paradox (PD) injury via stimulation of adenosine A1 receptors linked to Gi proteins in the isolated rat heart. Treatment of adenosine reduced maximum lactate dehydrogenase release and ATP loss compared with regular Ca2+ PD. Recovery of mechanical activity after Ca2+ repletion was observed only in heart treated with adenosine before and during the Ca2+ PD. Significant preservation of myocytes was observed in adenosine-treated hearts compared with the regular Ca2+ PD. Adenosine exerted its effects in a dose-dependent manner, being maximum at 100 microM. The protective effects were mediated by adenosine A1 receptor activation since the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-phenylisopropyladenosine provided protection similar to adenosine-treated heart and was blocked by A1 receptor antagonist and pertussis toxin. This study suggests that protection by adenosine against the lethal injury of the Ca2+ PD is mediated by adenosine A1 receptor and a pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibiting G protein.
Depression as a mediator in the relationship between perceived familial criticism and college adaptation.

ABSTRACTObjective: This study examined relationships among emerging adults' perceived familial criticism, their depressive symptoms, and their college adaptation. Participants: The current study examined the responses of 412 emerging adults (300 females and 112 males) who were college students at a large southeastern university. The majority of these emerging adults were Caucasian, but the remainder were from a broad range of racial backgrounds. Methods: Participants completed the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale as a measure of their familial criticism, the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire as a measure of their college adaptation, and the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition as a measure of their depression. Results: Results were examined using correlational and regression analyses in the context of Baron and Kenny's (J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51:1173–1182) method for determining mediation. Results suggested that for female emerging adults, the relationship between perceived...
Building quality into design process through digital human modelling

This paper represents modified virtual build methodology, which utilises digital human modelling as an approach to build quality into design process early in conceptualisation stage. Safety and reliability has utmost importance when it comes to total quality assurance. Ignoring or omitting safety and reliability aspects of human-product interactions not only result in poor market share, but also lead to injury and casualty. However, many industries still have the same challenge that products fail due to ignoring and/or omitting safety and reliability aspects of human-product interactions. Digital human modelling has the potential to integrate human capabilities, limitations and needs early into the product design process. This approach supports designers in minimising problems that could be detected and corrected earlier, which increase the likelihood of designing a safer and reliable product.
A general method for combining different family-based rare-variant tests of association to improve power and robustness of a wide range of genetic architectures.

Current rare-variant, gene-based tests of association often suffer from a lack of statistical power to detect genotype–phenotype associations as a result of a lack of prior knowledge of genetic disease models combined with limited observations of extremely rare causal variants in population-based samples. The use of pedigree data, in which rare variants are often more highly concentrated than in population-based data, has been proposed as 1 possible method for enhancing power. Methods for combining multiple gene-based tests of association into a single summary p value are a robust approach to different genetic architectures when little a priori knowledge is available about the underlying genetic disease model. To date, however, little consideration has been given to combining gene-based tests of association for the analysis of pedigree data. We propose a flexible framework for combining any number of family-based rare-variant tests of association into a single summary statistic and for assessing the significance of that statistic. We show that this approach maintains type I error and improves the robustness, to different genetic architectures, of the statistical power of family- and gene-based rare-variant tests through application to simulated phenotype data from Genetic Analysis Workshop 19.
The mitonuclear compatibility species concept

ABSTRACT The avian world is packaged into genetic assemblages that we call species. Although ornithologists can, with a few important exceptions, agree on the boundaries among avian gene pools that delimit species, the evolutionary process that created this structured subdivision of Aves remains uncertain and contentious. Moreover, although avian species are recognizable and diagnosable, many bear signatures of recent, often substantial, exchange of nuclear (N) genetic material. As a result, there is debate regarding the process that gives rise to and maintains the genetic structure of avian populations. I propose that a key missing consideration in discussions of speciation is the necessity of coadaptation between N and mitochondrial (mt) genes to enable core energy production via oxidative phosphorylation. Because mt genomes are non-recombining and subject to high mutation rates, they evolve rapidly. Consequently, N and mt coadaptation persists only through perpetual coevolution between mt and N genes. ...
Athletes and blood clots: individualized, intermittent anticoagulation management.

Essentials Athletes on anticoagulants are typically prohibited from participation in contact sports. Short-acting anticoagulants allow for reconsideration of this precedent. An individualized pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics study can aid patient-specific management. Many challenges and unresolved issues exist regarding such tailored intermittent dosing. Summary Athletes with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are typically prohibited from participating in contact sports during anticoagulation therapy, but such mandatory removal from competition can cause psychological and financial detriments for athletes and overlooks patient autonomy. The precedent of compulsory removal developed when options for anticoagulation therapy were more limited, but medical advances now allow for rethinking of the management of athletes with VTE. We propose a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of athletes who participate in contact sports and require anticoagulation. A personalized pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics study of a direct oral anticoagulant can be performed for an athlete, which can inform the timing of medication dosing. Managed carefully, this can allow athletic participation when plasma drug concentration is minimal (minimizing bleeding risk) and prompt resumption of treatment after the risk of bleeding sufficiently normalizes (maximizing therapeutic time).
Tool use for autonomous agents

The intelligent use of tools is a general and important human competence that AI research has not yet examined in depth. Other fields have studied the topic, however, with results we can compile into a broad characterization of habile (tool-using) agents. In this paper we give an overview of research on the use of physical tools, using this information to motivate the development of artificial habile agents. Specifically, we describe how research goals and methods in animal cognition overlap with those in artificial intelligence. We argue that analysis of activities of tool-using agents offers an informative way to evaluate intelligence.
Measurements of coherent hemodynamics to enrich the physiological information provided by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and functional MRI

Hemodynamic-based neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sense hemoglobin concentration in cerebral tissue. The local concentration of hemoglobin, which is differentiated into oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin by NIRS, features spontaneous oscillations over time scales of 10-100 s in response to a number of local and systemic physiological processes. If one of such processes becomes the dominant source of cerebral hemodynamics, there is a high coherence between this process and the associated hemodynamics. In this work, we report a method to identify such conditions of coherent hemodynamics, which may be exploited to study and quantify microvasculature and microcirculation properties. We discuss how a critical value of significant coherence may depend on the specific data collection scheme (for example, the total acquisition time) and the nature of the hemodynamic data (in particular, oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations measured with NIRS show an intrinsic level of correlation that must be taken into account). A frequency-resolved study of coherent hemodynamics is the basis for the new technique of coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy (CHS), which aims to provide measures of cerebral blood flow and cerebral autoregulation. While these concepts apply in principle to both fMRI and NIRS data, in this article we focus on NIRS data.
Introduction: Integrated Care—The Promise and the Challenges

In the last few decades, integrated care has received a wide amount of favorable comment and even fairly widespread adoption. Histories of our field will likely note that this dramatic shift has been nearly unprecedented in the first century of applied psychology: perhaps only the role of the Veteran Affairs after WWII has behavioral health demonstrated such a significant shift in both the way services are delivered and in the way behavioral health professionals are trained. However, it is also fair to say that the changes brought forth by the rise of integrated care are perhaps even larger as integrated care represents a new paradigm: consultation and brief screening and interventions with a high volume of patients in a primary care setting are simply a new paradigm for the delivery of behavioral health services. To be sure, the traditional behavioral health delivery paradigm is generally fine: in fact, integrated care with its case finding in the primary care setting requires a robust specialty care delivery system to refer more complex or long-term patients. However, there are many unresolved questions about the new integrated care paradigm.
Distributed Fault Detection and Isolation for Multiagent Systems: An Interval Observer Approach

This paper presents a distributed method for detecting and isolating the faults in multiagent systems (MASs). First, for the output-feedback-based closed-loop MAS in normal case and faulty cases, a bank of fault detection and isolation (FDI) interval observers are constructed by taking into account the outputs of local and received from neighbors, the bounds of one node fault signal and the whole disturbances. Then, the observer gains can be determined by solving the disturbance attenuation, fault sensitivity, and nonnegativity conditions, simultaneously. Furthermore, an alarm signal is released when the zero value is excluded from any one of the intervals, a node fault is indicated when the zero value is included in one residual interval and excluded from the surplus intervals. Different from the classical FDI methods, the proposed interval observers are able to both generate the residual signals and imply the thresholds. Under such framework, each agent has the capacity to determine which neighbor agent is faulty. Finally, the developed techniques are demonstrated in a simulation example.
The Collapse of the Berlin Wall: Simulating State-Level East to West German Migration Patterns

This article suggests an agent-based dynamic programming model of migration to explain the observed state-level migration flows from East to West Germany since 1989. The agents in the model represent individuals in the five East German states who decide whether or not, when and whereto in the West to migrate. Agents respond to incentives provided by current and expected future unemployment and income differentials between states, moving costs and job search costs. Consistent with recent empirical evidence the simulation results show that agents who experience unemployment are more likely to emigrate. The large number of emigrants in the periods after the fall of the wall can be explained by an (initially) large number of very mobile individuals (e.g., young Easterners). Moreover, the predictions show that geographic proximity and the demand for technically skilled labor explain most of the observed distribution of migrants across west German states.
The Impact of Cognitive Load on the Cardiac Orienting Response to Auditory Structural Features during Natural Radio Listening Situations

Previous research has shown that structural features such as voice changes, jingle onsets, and production effects in a radio broadcast elicit cardiac orienting responses. In fact, the voice change has been shown to reliably elicit orienting without habituation after several repetitions. However, repeated onsets of two other auditory structural features-jingles and production effects-did result in habituation when the participant was exposed to them embedded in an audio production absent a central cognitive task. This article presents two experiments testing the possibility that adding a central task prevents the development of a robust neural model of the auditory structural features necessary for habituation. In both studies, results show that adding a primary cognitive task eliminated habituation to jingles and production effects. However, varying the cognitive load of the primary task across two levels of difficulty had no significant effect on habituation.
Prognosis of patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and nonobstructive coronary artery disease: propensity-matched analysis from the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy trial

Background—Troponin elevation is a risk factor for mortality in patients with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndromes. However, the prognosis of patients with troponin elevation and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. Our objective was therefore to evaluate the impact of nonobstructive CAD in patients with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndromes and troponin elevation enrolled in the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) trial. Methods and Results—In the ACUITY trial, 3-vessel quantitative coronary angiography was performed in a formal substudy of 6921 patients presenting with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndromes. Patients with elevated admission troponin levels were stratified by the presence or absence of obstructive CAD (any lesion with quantitative diameter stenosis >50%). Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for baseline characteristics. Of 2442 patients with elevated troponin, 197 (8.8%) had nonobstru...
Issue Resolution Related to Convulsive Profiles

Abstract Numerous drugs designed for and used in clinical settings induce convulsions, seizures, or both. The resolution of this issue depends on the assessment and management of the risk of drug-related convulsions and seizures, which may help to ensure the safe use of products containing these drugs. Risk assessments help determine the exposure levels at which these toxicities occur, demonstrate the biological plausibility of these toxicities, and characterize the toxicities of interest. Risk related to these toxicities may be characterized based on data from published studies, original studies, or both. This characterization typically requires evaluating the mechanism, as well as the qualitative, quantitative, and temporal properties of the toxicities of interest. Ultimately, insights gained from the risk assessment may help to create a risk management plan to mitigate the risks identified.
Ultra-Wideband Phased Array for Millimeter-Wave ISM and 5G Bands, Realized in PCB

In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and measurement of an ultra-wideband phased array antenna, with continuous coverage of all six allocated fifth generation and industrial, scientific, medical bands in the millimeter-wave spectrum. Of importance is that the complete array is co-fabricated as a single printed circuit board using commercial processes, implying a significant reduction in cost over previous microfabrication-based designs. The design is demonstrated in simulation to operate across 24–72 GHz with VSWR $3\times 3$ array prototype, which shows close agreement to the simulated values.
Qualitative study of patient experiences of responsibility in warfarin therapy.

PURPOSE Results of a study to characterize the experiences of warfarin-treated patients, including their experiences in taking medication, communicating with clinical pharmacists, and International Normalized Ratio (INR) monitoring, are reported. METHODS A qualitative analysis of data obtained during interviews with 40 patients at a Veterans Affairs medical center warfarin clinic was conducted. In semistructured interviews, the patients were asked to describe the process whereby their INR values were monitored by pharmacists and their understanding of self-management responsibilities, including medication adherence and implementation of lifestyle modifications that might influence the effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy. RESULTS Analysis of interview results indicated that patients' experience in the event of variation in INR levels is characterized by misperceptions of the instructions regarding appropriate dietary and lifestyle behaviors, misattribution of responsibility for abnormal readings, and provider uncertainty in ascertaining causation for out-of-range INR values. Patients frequently reported that they interpret pharmacist questions to imply that they are responsible for variable INR values. This perception may indirectly lead to adverse consequences such as withholding of information from anticoagulation care providers and skipping clinic appointments, which could in turn result in suboptimal clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Analysis of results of qualitative interviews of patients receiving warfarin indicated that patients may interpret routine questioning about INR variation as implying that they are to blame for poor anticoagulation control.
Demonstration of Substrate Integrated Ribbon Waveguide Using 3-D Printing

A new waveguiding structure and fabrication technique is introduced for high-speed, low-loss, and ultrawideband interconnects. The proposed structure is a hybrid between a dielectric ribbon and a substrate integrated waveguide design. In this structure, a high-dielectric-constant-valued core is surrounded by a low-dielectric-constant-valued cladding, which in turn is surrounded by a metal layer. Both a substrate integrated ribbon waveguide and a metalized dielectric cylindrical waveguide are presented where the cylindrical waveguide serves as a comparison. Simulation and measurement results show that ultrawideband interconnects with low dispersion, which can be designed using this hybrid approach. Fabrication of the cladding layer was carried out using 3-D plastic printing. Simulated and measured results are discussed as well as fabrication techniques. An example circuit, a power splitter/combiner, is also demonstrated.
Hypereosinophilia and Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations in Lymphoma (P2.141)

Objective: NA Background: While hypereosinophilia is commonly associated with allergies and parasitic and fungal infections, it is an uncommon manifestation of hematological malignancies. Here is a case of idiopathic hypereosinophilia in a patient who presented with neurologic signs but remarkably found to have no imaging abnormalities initially. Design/Methods: 66-year-old gentleman presented with year-long symptoms of pruritus, failure to thrive, weight loss, dry cough and double vision. Physical examination revealed some notable ophthalmic findings, including right eye junctional scotoma with patchy but reduced visual field bilaterally and esotropia in all directions with minimal limitation of abduction and adduction in each eye (right greater than left). His laboratory workup showed increased absolute eosinophil count (7670 cells/mm3) with morphologically abnormal eosinophils and eosinophilic precursors on bone marrow biopsy. Unremarkable cytogenetic studies were reported. Initial brain imaging was negative but later manifested leptomeningeal enhancement and bilateral occipital lobe changes with normal orbital MRI; Positron emission tomography also showed uptake in jejunal loops and mesenteric lymph nodes. Lumbar puncture findings were minimally abnormal. The patient eventually succumbed and a postmortem examination revealed and confirmed the diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS; CD3+, CD4−) with diffuse serosits and visceral infiltration. Results: Inflammatory and neoplastic pathology is very hideous and occasionally challenging to confirm without tissue diagnosis. My patient had extensive negative work up leaving the official diagnosis elusive until confirmation on autopsy. His hypereosinophilia was thought to be related to paraneoplastic phenomena that is secondary to cytokine expression by the malignant cells. PTCL, NOS constitutes 25% of PTCL in adults and 4% of non-hodgkin lymphoma overall. Bone marrow is only involved in 22% cases. Conclusions: Hypereosinophilia is a paraneoplastic marker of lymphomas and can be seen in 29% of cases with PTCL but it’s a nonspecific finding making diagnosis challenging. Disclosure: Dr. Khalid has nothing to disclose. Dr. May has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chow has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bond has nothing to disclose.
Sunday, August 22, 2010—Chicago, IL

The next day, Delta followed Mona and Caleb as they led the way down the stadium steps to their bleacher seats behind home plate. Delta noticed the net above them, the players warming up on the field and the smell of freshly roasted peanuts as they came to a stop waiting for the people in front of them to move into their seats.
Adolescent feedback on predisposing, reinforcing and enabling features in asthma self-management apps:

Objective:Mobile health apps hold potential to support and reinforce positive health behaviours, especially among young people with chronic diseases like asthma that require continual self-manageme...
Adherence to Guidelines for Screening Polysomnography in Children with Down Syndrome.

ObjectivesTo compare the percentage and mean age of children with Down syndrome (DS) who underwent polysomnography (PSG) to evaluate for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) before and after the introduction of the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines recommending universal screening by age 4 years.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle tertiary pediatric hospital.MethodsThis study is a review of patients with DS seen in a subspecialty clinic. Children born preguidelines (2000-2006) were compared with children born postguidelines (2007-2012) regarding percentage receiving PSG, age at first PSG, and rate of OSA.ResultsWe included 766 children with DS; 306 (40%) were born preguidelines. Overall, 61% (n = 467) underwent PSG, with a mean ± SD age of 4.2 ± 2.9 years at first PSG; 341 (44.5%) underwent first PSG by age 4 years. The rate of OSA (obstructive index ≥1 event/hour) among children undergoing first PSG was 78.2%. No difference was seen in the percentage receiving PSG preguidelines (63.4%) ...
Research on Youth and Young Adult Tobacco Use, 2013-2018, From the Food and Drug Administration-National Institutes of Health Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science.

The Tobacco Regulatory Science Program is a collaborative research effort between the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2013, the NIH funded 14 Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS), which serve as partners in establishing research, training, and professional development programs to guide FDA. Each of the fourteen TCORS, and two other NIH-funded research programs, the Center for the Evaluation of Nicotine in Cigarettes (CENIC) and the Consortium on Methods Evaluating Tobacco (COMET), pursued specific research themes relevant to FDA's priorities. A key mandate for FDA is to reduce tobacco use among young people. This article is a review of the peer-reviewed research, including published and in-press manuscripts, from the TCORS, CENIC, and COMET, which provides specific data or other findings on youth (ages 10-18 years) and/or young adults (ages 18-34 years), from 2013 to 2018. Citations of all TCORS, CENIC, and COMET articles from September 2013 to December 2017 were collected by the TCORS coordinating center, the Center for Evaluation and Coordination of Training and Research. Additional citations up to April 30, 2018 were requested from the principal investigators. A scoring rubric was developed and implemented to assess study type, primary theme, and FDA priority area addressed by each article. The major subareas and findings from each priority area are presented. There were 766 articles in total, with 258 (34%) focusing on youth and/or young adults. Findings relevant to FDA from this review concern impact analysis, toxicity, health effects, addiction, marketing influences, communications, and behavior. Implications The Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science, CENIC, and COMET have had a high output of scientific articles since 2013. These Centers are unique in that the FDA supports science specifically to guide future regulatory actions. The 258 articles that have focused on youth and/or young adults are providing data for regulatory actions by the FDA related to the key priority areas such as the addictiveness of non-cigarette products, the effects of exposure to electronic cigarette marketing on initiation and cessation, and the impact of flavored products on youth and young adult tobacco use. Future regulations to reduce tobacco use will be guided by the cumulative evidence. These Centers are one innovative mechanism to promote important outcomes to advance tobacco regulatory science.
Algorithms, Oppression, and Mental Illness on Social Media

My research explores how individuals with mental illness express themselves online and off. Through digital ethnography, including interviews with Instagram users and manual collection of public content on Instagram, I have holistically examined the experience of mental illness as expressed through social media. This user-centric approach reveals and addresses the limitations of computational techniques, which my dissertation work will address by combining qualitative methods with generative algorithms to explore new 'ways of seeing' mental illness. I will create new tools enabling users to generate representations from their own posts in support of creating new representations of mental illness, advancing algorithmic fairness, and confronting technological forms of oppression online.
Microenvironmental Influences on Team Performance in Cancer Care

Effective delivery of cancer care requires coordination across many professional and organizational boundaries. Breakdowns in coordination within this complex system underlie many quality of care issues. The interactions of care team members and multi-team systems matters to patient, staff, and organizational outcomes. Maturing the evidence-base for interventions and management strategies for teamwork and coordination within cancer care requires a robust toolset of measurement approaches suited to research and operational challenges. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the science of teams and traditional methods employed measure aspects of teamwork and coordination. We then review emerging unobtrusive and sensor-based methods and use cases for their application in cancer care delivery system research and operations.