cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A105: Androgen regulation of 5α-reductase isoenzymes in prostate cancer: Implications for prostate cancer prevention

Finasteride, a specific inhibitor of SRD5A2, one of three isoenzymes of 5α-reductase, reduced prostate cancer incidence by 25% in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, but the molecular mechanisms of its effect remain undelineated. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is important during prostate cancer pathogenesis and progression, and 5α-reductase converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). We investigated how androgen regulates expression of isoenzymes of 5α-reductase encoded by different genes—SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and SRD5A3—and in turn how finasteride may affect this regulation. By using different prostate cell lines, we found that androgen regulates the mRNA level of 5α-reductase isoenzymes in a cell type-specific manner. This regulation, we demonstrated, requires AR and occurs at the transcriptional level. Moreover, we found that finasteride affects androgen regulation of 5α-reductase expression in a cell type- and AR status-dependent manner. Finasteride counteracts testosterone-driven but not dihydrotestosterone-driven regulation of 5α-reductase expression in LAPC-4 cells, which express wild type AR. However, finasteride does not affect testosterone or dihydrotestosterone regulation of 5α-reductase expression in LNCaP cells, which express a mutant AR (T877A). Our findings suggest that dihydrotestosterone is the major regulator of 5α-reductase expression and that finasteride may produce additional antitumor effects through other mechanisms besides inhibiting 5α-reductase activity. The differential expression levels of 5α-reductase isoenzymes may be one of the factors conferring response or resistance to finasteride treatment and thus may prove significant in prostate cancer prevention. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):A105.
Correlations between Foliar Nutrient Contents and Growth in a Young Triploid Populus tomentosa Plantation

In order to study the relationship between foliar nutrient contents and the growth of triploid Populus tomentosa plantations,DBH(diameter at breast height) and H(height) were recorded and leaf samples were collected in each autumn for four years since 2005 and to measure the nutrient contents.The results shawed that DBH was positively correlated with nutrient contents of N,P,K,Ca,Fe,Cu and Zn,while negatively correlated with foliar N∶P ratio.Regression results showed that DBH and H both greatly influenced by foliar P,and Ca contents.
Steroids in malignant diseases: Progress in patient selection

Evidence that target-cell steroid receptors help to predict response of hematopoietic and mammary cancers to steroid administration is providing a more rational biologic basis for use of those agents in appropriate patients.
Multimedia Sensing as a Service (MSaaS): Exploring Resource Saving Potentials of at Cloud-Edge IoT and Fogs

With the popularity of multimedia sensing at cloud edges and the reducing cost of the Internet of Things (IoT) fog devices and systems, new challenges have been posed to efficiently deal with the big data multimedia traffic generated from IoT sensing units. Specifically, in this paper we introduce the concept of multimedia sensing as a service (MSaaS), and propose a generalized premium prioritization-based quality of experience paradigm for wireless big-volumes-of-data (BVDs) multimedia communications, with significant energy saving potentials for future multimedia IoT devices and systems. The key contribution of this new framework is its data diversity flexibility at the application layer, which could be flexibly adopted by future multimedia communication systems. Data dependencies in spatial, frequency and temporal domains are analyzed, and interaction with uplink resource allocation optimization are investigated with regards to wireless communication energy cost estimation. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed prioritization-based communication paradigm has significant energy saving potentials for BVD MSaaS wireless multimedia communications at cloud edges and fogs.
Large Gastric Folds Evaluated by Endoscopic Ultrasonography

Diffuse large gastric folds may lead to difficult clinical diagnosis particularly in biopsy-negative cases. In the differential diagnosis Menetrier's disease or hypertrophic gastritis and linitis, EUS is very helpful because of its ability in imaging the location of mural abnormality. In initially negative biopsy for linitis, EUS can help the clinician in selecting the optimal site for positive biopsy. In gastric NHL, EUS can be helpful in selecting the appropriate candidate for surgery and in monitoring the response to chemotherapy and irradiation. EUS appears to be more suitable for TNM staging than the Ann Arbor classification for gastric NHL. The routine use of EUS-guided FNA should be attempted for obtaining the tissue diagnosis.
Simultaneous In Vivo Monitoring of Regulatory and Effector T Lymphocytes Using Secreted Gaussia Luciferase, Firefly Luciferase, and Secreted Alkaline Phosphatase

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are amongst the most widely studied cells in a variety of immune-mediated conditions, including transplantation and Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD), cancer and autoimmunity; indeed, there is great interest in the tolerogenic potential of Treg-based therapy. Consequently, the need to establish the mechanisms that determine Treg survival and longevity, in addition to developing new tools to monitor these parameters, is paramount. Using both a mouse model of GVHD and a mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), we describe herein a dual reporter system based on Gluc and multiplexed with SEAP and non-secreted Firefly luciferase (Fluc), which permits simultaneous imaging and noninvasive tracking of two different T-cell populations (CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs and CD4(+)CD25(-) Tcon cells) in vivo by transducing the cells with different lentiviruses bearing distinct color signatures. This new technology promises to overcome the limitations of the conventional methods currently available to study lymphocyte survival in vivo. Furthermore, this novel technique has applications not only in autoimmunity and alloimmunity, but also in the wider field of immunology.
The Intersection of the Takings Clause and Rising Sea Levels: Justice O’Connor’s Concurrence in Palazzolo Could Prevent Climate Change Chaos

Takings Clause jurisprudence is in a state of disarray. The Supreme Court of the United States has not eased the difficult task of determining what constitutes an unconstitutional regulatory taking. Although the Supreme Court provided some guidance by articulating a three-prong test for determining what constitutes such a taking, it failed to define each prong. In a concurring opinion in Palazzolo v. Rhode Island, Justice Sandra Day O’Connor defined the character of the governmental act prong by emphasizing the importance of the purposes served by a governmental act. Justice O’Connor’s approach is well suited to handle future environmental regulations aimed at protecting coastal regions from rising sea levels. By embracing this approach, the Court can reduce the confusion surrounding takings jurisprudence, provide uniformity at a critical time, swiftly handle the excess of takings claims that will inevitably materialize, and give deferential treatment to important regulations that possess strong public purposes.
Conclusion: Religion, Literature and the Ethics of Reading Narrative

I trust that the interpretative net I have flung over the preceding discussions has enabled us to see new connections, novel configurations between the text and reader, literature and religion, critical theory and the possible projects of the humanities. I use the word ‘trust’ because there is a very great mischief loosed upon us, one might imagine some in the field declaring deliberately, a very great noise indeed bruited throughout the precincts of religion and literature. The search for a basis of limitation for interpretation (Foucault), the sense of error in any grounding of meaning (Miller), the Barthian assurance of a surplus of signification, the argument advanced by Frank Kermode for the secrecy of a text as its available reserve, its potential for interpretation, the Critical Inquiry tanglings for and against interpretation — all these moves evidence an unnerving range of possible conflicting interpretations, and the way Melville, Joyce and Murdoch write may not lessen the options brought to bear on such discussions. If Chapter 2 has served as the theoretical armature of this study, spinning the skein through which the explicit chapters on the reading of narrative texts are offered, this conclusion is meant to be an act of reception of the foregoing discussions, yielding what for the reader might connect the field of religion and literature and reader-response criticism.
Characterization of 3,3-dimethyl substituted N-aryl piperidines as potent microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 inhibitors.

Abstract Here we report on novel, potent 3,3-dimethyl substituted N-aryl piperidine inhibitors of microsomal prostaglandin E synthases-1(mPGES-1). Example 14 potently inhibited PGE2 synthesis in an ex vivo human whole blood (HWB) assay with an IC50 of 7 nM. In addition, 14 had no activity in human COX-1 or COX-2 assays at 30 μM, and failed to inhibit human mPGES-2 at 62.5 μM in a microsomal prep assay. These data are consistent with selective mPGES-1-mediated reduction of PGE2. In dog, 14 had oral bioavailability (74%), clearance (3.62 mL/(min*kg)) and volume of distribution (Vd,ss = 1.6 L/kg) values within our target ranges. For these reasons, 14 was selected for further study.
Characterizing the roles of alpha and theta oscillations in multisensory attention

Cortical alpha oscillations (8-13Hz) appear to play a role in suppressing distractions when just one sensory modality is being attended, but do they also contribute when attention is distributed over multiple sensory modalities? For an answer, we examined cortical oscillations in human subjects who were dividing attention between auditory and visual sequences. In Experiment 1, subjects performed an oddball task with auditory, visual, or simultaneous audiovisual sequences in separate blocks, while the electroencephalogram was recorded using high-density scalp electrodes. Alpha oscillations were present continuously over posterior regions while subjects were attending to auditory sequences. This supports the idea that the brain suppresses processing of visual input in order to advantage auditory processing. During a divided-attention audiovisual condition, an oddball (a rare, unusual stimulus) occurred in either the auditory or the visual domain, requiring that attention be divided between the two modalities. Fronto-central theta band (4-7Hz) activity was strongest in this audiovisual condition, when subjects monitored auditory and visual sequences simultaneously. Theta oscillations have been associated with both attention and with short-term memory. Experiment 2 sought to distinguish these possible roles of fronto-central theta activity during multisensory divided attention. Using a modified version of the oddball task from Experiment 1, Experiment 2 showed that differences in theta power among conditions were independent of short-term memory load. Ruling out theta's association with short-term memory, we conclude that fronto-central theta activity is likely a marker of multisensory divided attention.
Retroviral-mediated transfer of interleukin-6 into hematopoietic cells of mice results in a syndrome resembling Castleman's disease.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a miltifunctional cytokine believed to have an important role in host defense, particularly in the acute phase response to infection or injury (Kishimoto 1989). IL-6 has prominent actions on cells of the immune system, including stimuiation of immunoglobulin synthesis by activated B-cells and differentiation of cytotoxic T-cells. In addition, it induces hematopoietic stem cells to enter cell cycle, committed myeloid progenitors to differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages, and hepatocytes to synthesize a variety of plasma proteins. IL-6 is synthesized in response to a number of stimuli that include viruses and other cytokines, such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, which may have overlapping biological activities.
Strategic Planning Process Exercise: A Semester-Long Experiential Approach to Engage Students:

Strategic planning provides a sense of direction and can have a significant impact on the future of an organization. Students wanting to serve in leadership positions need to demonstrate a firm und...
Skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients: Advances in therapy and management: Part II. Management of skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients

The management of skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients is a challenge to both the dermatologist and transplant physician. Part II of this continuing medical education review offers an approach to the management of this increasing problem. The importance of specialty dermatology clinics providing access to transplant patients, frequent skin cancer screening, patient education, and multidisciplinary care is discussed. The management of low risk squamous cell carcinoma with topical therapies, photodynamic therapy, systemic retinoids, and capecitabine is reviewed. Revision of immunosuppression in the management of high-risk patients is discussed in association with the potential role of sentinel lymph node biopsy for aggressive disease. Finally, management of in-transit and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma is reviewed, with a discussion of the role of more recent innovative therapies, including epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in advanced squamous cell carcinoma in solid organ transplant recipients.
Free will, chance, and mystery

This paper proposes a reconciliation between libertarian freedomand causal indeterminism, without relying on agent-causation asa primitive notion. I closely examine Peter van Inwagen's recentcase for free will mysterianism, which is based in part on thewidespread worry that undetermined acts are too chancy to befree. I distinguish three senses of the term ‘chance’ I thenargue that van Inwagen's case for free will mystrianism fails,since there is no single construal of the term ‘change’ on whichall of the premises of his argument for free will–causalindeterminism incompatibilism are true. By use of a particularevent-causal indeterminist account of free action, I support thecase for free will–indeterminism compatibilism.
Challenges in the Medical Management of Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis in an Urban Setting

Background and Purpose— Since the SAMMPRIS trial (Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis), aggressive medical management (AMM), which includes dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and high-dose statin (HDS) therapy, is recommended for patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease. However, limited data on the real-world application of this regimen exist. We hypothesized that recurrent stroke risk among patients treated with AMM is similar to the medical arm of the SAMMPRIS cohort. Methods— Using a prospective registry, we identified all patients admitted between August 2012 and March 2015 with (1) confirmed ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack; (2) independently adjudicated symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease; and (3) follow-up at 30 days. We analyzed 30-day risk of recurrent ischemic stroke stratified by treatment: (1) AMM: DAPT plus HDS therapy, (2) HDS alone, and (3) DAPT alone. We also assessed 30-day risk among patients who met prespecified SAMMPRIS eligibility criteria. Results— Among 99 patients who met study criteria (51.5% male, 54.5% black, mean age 68.2±11.2 years), 49 (48.5%) patients were treated with AMM, 69 (69.7%) with DAPT, and 73 (73.7%) with HDS therapy. At 30 days, 20 (20.2%) patients had recurrent strokes in the territory of stenosis. Compared with the risk in the medical arm of SAMMPRIS (4.4%), the 30-day risk of recurrent stroke was 20.4% in AMM patients, 21.5% in HDS patients, 22.4% in DAPT patients, and 23.2% in SAMMPRIS-eligible patients (all P Conclusions— Recurrent stroke risk within 30 days in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease was higher than that observed in the medical arm of SAMMPRIS even in the subgroup receiving AMM. Replication of the SAMMPRIS findings requires further prospective study.
Rapid ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and selected reaction monitoring strategy for the identification and quantification of minor spinacetin derivatives in spinach.

Rationale Spinach is green leafy vegetable rich source of flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, vitamin A, C and E. Spinach contains unique flavonoids which have significant anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory and free radical scavenging activities. The present study reports the systematic identification and quantification of novel flavonoids by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-QTOFMS). Methods Ultrasonication technique was used for the extraction of flavonoids from spinach. A rapid and reliable analytical method was established for the identification of flavonoids from methanolic extract. Flavonoids were characterized by their ultraviolet (UV) spectra, high resolution accurate mass and MS/MS fragmentation pattern. Further, the intact molecular and product ions were monitored by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) with different collision energies in positive and negative ionization modes. Results For the first time, five minor spinacetin derivatives were identified under optimized SRM and +bbCID conditions. The fragmentation spectra were proposed for ESI positive ionization mode. The HR-QTOFMS and SRM is sensitive techniques which allow differentiating between similar nominal molecular ions. The identified spinacetin derivatives were found to acylated with ferulic and coumaric acids. The mass spectral data with high accuracy is a valuable tool for feasible interpretation and characterization of unknown compounds. Conclusions UHPLC combined with HR-QTOFMS provides a rapid and reliable method for dereplication of flavonoids. SRM is a highly sensitive and accurate technique for successfully exploring the specific precursor's ion in a complex matrix. The combined UHPLC/QTOFMS and SRM could be useful for the identification of bioactive compounds from different samples.
Activities of Dual Combinations of Antibiotics Against Multidrug-Resistant Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Recovered from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at risk for recurrent pulmonary infections due to increased viscosity of airway secretions, leading to persistent colonization with pathogenic bacteria, including nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Extensive antibiotic use for treatment of infections has led to increasing antimicrobial resistance, which is a significant barrier to the treatment of NTMs. We examined the in vitro activity of several antibiotics against a selection of the most drug-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium avium complex recovered from CF patients at our institution, as well as paired combinations of antibiotics against a subset of M. abscessus strains, to determine whether they exhibit synergy in inhibiting bacterial growth. Most isolates displayed resistance to at least six of the nine antibiotics tested for which phenotypic interpretation is available, and elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were observed for many o...
Civic Dignity in the Age of Donald Trump: A Kantian Perspective

If there is one generally acknowledged “take away” from the election of Trump, it may well be that the old divisions between right and left no longer hold. Trump supporters were seemingly moved less by traditional conservative appeals to free markets and small government than by anger against perceived condescension and indifference on the part of the cultural elite to their own deeply held moral beliefs and sense of personal dignity. Kant offers both insight into and potential remedies for the dilemmas growing out of our present situation. This is particularly true in matters of economic policy and civic engagement, where “top down” solutions have often left their would-be beneficiaries feeling ever more powerless and disrespected. By addressing these concerns in the name of common citizenship, Kant’s thought helps restore the meaning of the core constitutional principles of freedom, equality, and civic dignity that Trump’s presidency increasingly puts in question.
Gaseous corrosion resistance of Fe-Al based alloys containing Cr additions. Part II. Scale morphology

Abstract Iron–aluminum based weld overlay claddings are currently being considered as corrosion resistant coatings for corrosion protection at 500 °C in aggressive sulfidizing and oxidizing atmospheres. These alloys rely on the formation of a thin passive Al2O3 layer for their corrosion protection. Once the alloy can no longer maintain the protective oxide scale, passive layer breakdown can occur, where non-protective nodules form at random locations along the surface of the sample. These nodules can continue to grow together and eventually overgrow the protective oxide rendering the sample no longer corrosion resistant. In this current study, 10 iron–aluminum based alloys containing chromium and titanium additions were exposed to three high-temperature corrosive environments at 500 °C for 100 h. The passive layer breakdown phenomenon was observed in all three environments on several non-protective alloys. The extent of nodule growth was measured and used to identify corrosion resistant alloy compositions. It was found that aluminum and chromium additions help to form and maintain a protective oxide layer and critical alloying contents were required to prevent passive layer breakdown during 100 h of exposure. Critical alloying values necessary to prevent nodule formation were compared to critical alloying levels required to prevent rapid corrosion kinetics. While corrosion kinetics are helpful in determining protective alloy compositions, the corrosion scale morphology must be characterized to ensure that the alloy is completely protective during the exposure time.
Lung Morphogenesis, Role of Growth Factors and Transcription Factors

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the mechanisms that regulate the initial events of lung morphogenesis and discusses how signaling molecules present in the early lung influence this process. The term morphogenesis refers to a coordinated series of molecular and cellular events that during development shape the structure of tissues and organs. In the lung, this represents the process by which epithelial tubules and blood vessels are formed and patterned to ultimately generate the airways and alveoli. In most species, this encompasses the pre- and postnatal period of life. Lung, thyroid, liver, and pancreas are examples of organs derived from the primitive foregut. At an early stage of embryonic development, when gastrulation is completed, a single sheet of endodermal cells located outside the embryo invaginates to form the primitive gut tube. A number of transcription factors start to be expressed in the endoderm in overlapping but distinct domains along the anterior–posterior (A–P) axis of the gut tube. This roughly subdivides the gut endoderm into organ-specific domains in which specific cell fates are assigned. Subsequently, the endoderm in these areas undergoes bud morphogenesis to form organ primordial.
Maternal nutrient restriction alters uterine artery hemodynamics and placentome vascular density in Bos indicus and Bos taurus

The objective was to examine uterine artery blood flow (UBF) as well as macroscopic and microscopic placentome vascular density in nutrient-restricted Angus and Brahman heifers. Angus (n = 6) and Brahman (n = 6) heifers were bred to a single sire and pregnancy confirmed at 30-d postbreeding. Heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments consisting of 100% (control-fed; CON; n = 6) or 60% (total nutrient-restricted; RES; n = 6) based from net energy requirements for gestating heifers. Nutritional treatments were imposed from days 50 to 180 of gestation. On day 175 of gestation, UBF was collected ipsilateral and contralateral to the conceptus via Doppler ultrasonography. Heifers underwent Cesarean sections for collection of 2 adjacent placentomes on day 180 of gestation. The primary cotyledonary artery of 1 placentome was perfused with Alexa Fluor 647 Con A conjugate to examine macroscopic cotyledonary vascular density via an in vivo imaging system. The second placentome was fixed for microscopic immunofluorescence labeling of capillaries and separated into maternal (caruncle) and fetal (cotyledon) components for determination of angiogenic factor mRNA expression. Main effects of nutritional treatment and breed are reported in the absence of a significant nutritional treatment by breed interaction. Ipsilateral UBF was decreased (P < 0.05) by 48% in RES vs. CON, whereas breed did not influence ipsilateral UBF. Contralateral UBF was not different between nutritional treatments; however, contralateral UBF was decreased (P < 0.05) by 63% in Brahman vs. Angus cattle. Macroscopic cotyledonary vascular density was increased (P < 0.05) by 36% in RES vs. CON and 82% in Brahman vs. Angus heifers. Percent capillary area and capillary perimeter were increased (P < 0.05) in RES vs. CON and increased (P < 0.05) in Brahman vs. Angus heifers. Dietary treatments did not alter angiogenic factor expression; however, transcript abundance of caruncle and cotyledon ANGP1, FLT1, and KDR was increased (P < 0.05) in Brahman vs. Angus heifers. In summary, these data indicate compensatory responses in macroscopic and microscopic placentome blood vessel density during maternal nutrient restriction-induced reductions in UBF. Moreover, a greater macroscopic density of cotyledonary blood vessels was observed in Brahman vs. Angus heifers.
Moderators of Establishing a Smoke-Free Home: Pooled Data from Three Randomized Controlled Trials of a Brief Intervention

Interventions to create smoke-free homes typically focus on parents, involve multiple counseling sessions and blend cessation and smoke-free home messages. Smoke-Free Homes: Some Things are Better Outside is a minimal intervention focused on smokers and nonsmokers who allow smoking in the home, and emphasizes creation of a smoke-free home over cessation. The purpose of this study is to conduct moderator analyses using pooled data from three randomized controlled trials of the intervention conducted in collaboration with 2-1-1 contact centers in Atlanta, North Carolina and Houston. 2-1-1 is a strategic partner for tobacco control as it connects over 15 million clients, largely socio-economically disadvantaged, to social and health resources each year. A total of 1506 2-1-1 callers participated across the three intervention trials. Outcomes from 6 months intent-to-treat analyses were used to examine whether sociodemographic variables and smoking-related characteristics moderated effectiveness of the intervention in establishing full home smoking bans. Intervention effectiveness was not moderated by race/ethnicity, education, income, children in the home or number of smokers in the home. Smoking status of the participant, however, did moderate program effectiveness, as did time to first cigarette. Number of cigarettes per day and daily versus nondaily smoking did not moderate intervention effectiveness. Overall, the intervention was effective across socio-demographic groups and was effective without respect to daily versus nondaily smoking or number of cigarettes smoked per day, although smoking status and level of nicotine dependence did influence effectiveness.
Dynamic Change Between Intimate Partner Violence and Contraceptive Use Over Time in Young Adult Men’s and Women’s Relationships

The negative association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and contraceptive use is well established, but much of this research treats the association as static (e.g., similar across all rela...
Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for quantification of bictegravir in human plasma and its application to an intracellular uptake study.

A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for quantification of bictegravir in human plasma. A small volume of only 50 μL aliquot of plasma was precipitated with acetonitrile containing an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex EVO C18 column, 50 × 3.0 mm, 5 μm using an isocratic mobile phase containing 80:20 acetonitrile-water with 0.1% formic acid. A mass spectrometer was operated in ESI positive multiple reaction monitoring mode using the m/z 450.1/289.1 for bictegravir and 420.1/277.1 for IS. The dynamic range of the method was 1-10,000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of ≥0.9991. The precision results of calibration standards were in the range of 0.05-4.57% and accuracies were 95.07-104.70%. The mean extraction recovery was 98.64% with a precision of 2.91%. The method was validated as per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and was found to be accurate and precise. The method was successfully applied to in vitro cellular uptake study.
Orbital metastasis in 68 years old female patient with papillary thyroid cancer presented in the year 2016

Introduction Ocular metastases of thyroid origin with infrequent about to usually grow slowly and clinically are painless their aggressive forms are with local invasion or distant met aacute stasis Case report A year old female patient from Amazonas with symptomatology of left retroocular pain she had a disease period months presenting left ocular protrusion with insidious onset and progressive course for this reason performed a tomographic study where a left retro ocular tumor was detected that displaced the eyeball forward Also more than a year ago she presented a nodule in the right supraclavicular region of asymptomatic progressive growth It was evaluated by ophthalmology and a biopsy is requested showed a thyroid papillary carcinoma metastasis Later Subsequently it was thyroidectomized and it was suggested treatment with radioiodine Conclusion Orbital metastases are infrequent however we should consider it as a differential diagnosis when we refer to the clinic of ocular proptosis in addition an adequate management is important radioactive iodine therapy thyroid stimulating hormone chemotherapy and external radiotherapy
Continuous condensed-phase ethanol conversion to higher alcohols: Experimental results and techno-economic analysis

Abstract The conversion of ethanol to n-butanol and higher alcohols is carried out in a continuous fixed bed reactor over a Ni/La2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst at 210–250 °C and 100 bar. At these conditions, the reaction mixture is a condensed, near-critical phase that facilitates higher reaction rates than corresponding vapor phase reactions. Combined selectivity to n-butanol and C6+ higher alcohols reached 74% at 41% ethanol conversion. A process concept is presented in which n-butanol and mixed C6+ alcohols are produced as saleable products; ethanol is recycled to achieve nearly 100% overall conversion and minor byproducts are burned to provide process energy. A process design is conducted using Aspen Plus V8.4 process simulation software, and economic analyses are carried out for several cases of ethanol conversion and alcohol selectivities. Several additional cases involving permutations of the base process configuration are also examined in attempts to improve process economics. At n-butanol selectivities achieved experimentally, a facility producing 75 million kg n-butanol per year has a total capital cost of $38.1 million with a required n-butanol selling price of $1.55/kg to $1.60/kg for typical values of expected return on investment.
Prediction of Airfoil Trailing-Edge Noise Using Empirical Wall-Pressure Spectrum Models

This paper presents the predictions of airfoil turbulent boundary-layer trailing-edge noise using empirical wall-pressure spectrum models. Five empirical wall-pressure spectrum models were used. In...
The Role of Aquatic Macrophytes in Nutrient Flow Regulation in Lotic Ecosystems

Aquatic macrophytes in an agricultural drainage ditch were able to accrue large amounts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) during the growing season and held these nutrients until tissue breakdown in autumn. Total nutrient accumulation by aquatic macrophytes in a 1.4 km (8612 m 2 ) ditch was 49.0 kg N (5.65 mg N m - 2 ) and 11.0 kg P (1.29 mg P m - 2 ). Release of these nutrients upon tissue breakdown was rapid. Average breakdown rates, based on ash-free dry mass (AFDM) loss, for Elodea canadensis and Potamogeton nodosus were 0.0615 ′ 0.0450 d - 1 (r 2 = 0.788) and 0.0260 ′ 0.0170 d - 1 (r 2 = 0.688), respectively. Time required for 95% loss of plant tissue (T 9 5 = 3/k) was 49.0 days for Elodea and 116.9 days for Potamogeton. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from decaying plants closely followed AFDM losses. Mass balances for N and P indicated the 94% of the N and 72% of the P accumulated by aquatic macrophytes were obtained from surface sediments. Sediment N and P pools were 864 kg and 62 kg, respectively.
Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery: Reoperations at the Hiatus

Over the past two decades, as experience with advanced laparoscopy has increased, surgeons have increasingly adopted laparoscopic antireflux surgery as the gold standard approach to gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, with the expansive implementation of these techniques, a concomitant increased incidence of complications from antireflux surgery has also been observed. In this milieu, foregut surgeons are increasingly called upon to care for patients who have previously undergone an antireflux operation. This chapter addresses the epidemiology of reoperative surgery of the hiatus, the optimal clinical evaluation and management prior to operative intervention, and the technical approach to caring for these patients.
Calibrating For Differences

Suppose that an approximate linear model, or nonparametric regression, relates instrument readings y to standards x. A method is derived for constructing interval estimates of displacements x 1 − x 2 between standards based on corresponding instrument readings y 1,y 2, and the results of a calibration experiment.
Metal ion toxicity in the skeleton: lead and aluminum

Abstract Metal ion toxicity is an underinvestigated and underappreciated issue in skeletal biology. With the continued accumulation of environmental and industrial chemicals in our ecosystem that may have an adverse effect on osseous tissues, it might be expected that this topic would be an important and well-studied area. However, it seems that among clinicians and scientists in the field there is a paucity of investigations related to how environmental agents affect bones and joints. As discussed in this chapter, the skeleton can be an avid reservoir for toxins, especially heavy metals. Two of these metals, lead and aluminum, are responsible for many of the pathologies associated with the skeleton.
Attempted Ethics Violations

If a lawyer engages in conduct aimed at violating an ethics rule, but ultimately does not violate the rule, has the lawyer nonetheless committed professional misconduct? In other words, is an attempt to violate an ethics rule itself an ethics violation? In this paper, we focus on this question and explore a relatively recent development in legal ethics — the concept of attempted ethics violations.
Question 4: Is there a role for antibiotics in infantile wheeze?

Abstract Acute wheezing episodes are frequent in young children and are associated with high morbidity and healthcare utilization. The role of respiratory viruses in triggering acute wheezing is well known. There is also accumulating evidence that airway bacteria, either alone or as part of bacteria–virus interaction, are important determinants of acute asthma exacerbations. Targeting airway bacteria with antibiotics to reduce the severity of acute wheezing episodes and prevent recurrent wheezing among preschool children has been recently evaluated in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. The results of these studies are controversial. An interventional approach with azithromycin in young children during acute wheezing episodes cannot be generically incorporated into clinical practice, due to the potential consequences of widespread use of antibiotics in such a common clinical setting. This intervention may be reserved for children with really severe, recurrent wheezing episodes. Future research should focus on risk factors that facilitate acquisition of bacterial airway infection in young children and better understanding how virus and bacteria interact with each other during wheezing attacks. Identifying objective biomarkers that may direct the treatment to specific groups of children may represent a significant step forward in the clinical approach of acute wheezing.
Automated tuning and channel selection for cascaded micro-ring resonators

As bandwidth requirements and integration of photonic components in computing systems increase, the optical micro-ring resonator are becoming an important building block for dense, high-bandwidth interconnects. Ring resonators are small in size and can operate at data rates up to 60Gb/s NRZ,1 making them well-suited for integrating many rings operating at different wavelengths into a single device. These devices are a promising solution for complex interconnected systems, such as chip-to-chip interconnects.2 However, using these rings can be challenging as they are sensitive to fabrication and temperature variations and need constant tuning to lock them to their assigned optical wavelengths.3 This tuning is commonly done by inserting embedded heaters in or above the ring. Existing techniques that tune the rings by the optical power coupled into the rings require extensive characterization and spectrum analysis, or out-of-band signalling, to account for rings drifting across optical channels and fabrication variations. In this work, we use four cascaded micro-rings implemented in a silicon photonic device operating in the C-band. Each ring taps a single wavelength from a bus waveguide. The remaining light in the bus waveguide is then fed into a photodiode, which is used to monitor the tuning of all rings. We show an algorithm that, based only on information about the design of the chip, tunes the rings to the exact desired optical channel. With this algorithm the use of more complex techniques to directly measure a ring's coupled wavelength can be avoided, reducing system complexity.
Dependency and Autonomy: Strategies for a Leader’s First 90 Days

Rather than reinventing the wheel for each new position, leaders in libraries may choose to rely on heuristics that leading thinkers in organizational theory have pointed out exist in many organiza...
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in a Patient Taking Tocilizumab: A Case Report:

Purpose:This report discusses a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in a patient taking tocilizumab for maintenance and remission of giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods:A case report is presente...
Goal-Concordant Care in the Era of Advanced Stroke Therapies

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Recent advances in stroke care now enable patients with severe ischemic stroke owing to large vessel occlusion to safely undergo endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) up to 24 hours since their time of last known well, with the goal of improving functional outcomes by recanalization of the occluded vessel and reperfusion of downstream ischemic brain tissue. The objective of this analysis is to highlight clinical and ethical challenges related to ensuring goal-concordant care in this era of unprecedented advances in acute stroke care. Specifically, there is a salient challenge of whether advanced therapies such as EVT may be justifiably considered comfort focused, given their potential to preempt accumulated neurologic disability and suffering at the end of life. Through the lens of a patient case, we discuss key challenges, lessons learned, and suggestions for future care and research endeavors at the intersection of acute stroke care and palliative care principles. Although therapies such as thrombolysis and EVT may be considered aggressive prima facie, their potential to ameliorate additional disability and potential suffering at the end of life prompt close consideration of the proper role of these therapies on a case-by-case basis in the context of comfort-focused care. Modification to the workflow for EVT evaluations may facilitate goal-concordant care and timely resource allocation, especially for cases that involve hospital-to-hospital transfers for advanced stroke care.
Real-time point-of-care total protein measurement with a miniaturized optoelectronic biosensor and fast fluorescence-based assay.

Abstract Measurement of total protein in urine is key to monitoring kidney health in diabetes. However, most total protein assays are performed using large, expensive laboratory chemistry analyzers that are not amenable to point-of-care analysis or home monitoring and cannot provide real-time readouts. We developed a miniaturized optoelectronic biosensor using a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), coupled with a fast protein assay based on protein-induced fluorescence enhancement (PIFE), that can dynamically measure protein concentrations in protein-spiked buffer, serum, and urine in seconds with excellent sensitivity (urine LOD = 0.023 g/L, LOQ = 0.075 g/L) and over a broad range of physiologically relevant concentrations. Comparison with gold standard clinical assays and standard fluorimetry tools showed that the sensor can accurately and reliably quantitate total protein in clinical urine samples from patients with diabetes. Our VCSEL biosensor is amenable to integration with miniaturized electronics, which could afford a portable, low-cost, easy-to-use device for sensitive, accurate, and real-time total protein measurements from small biofluid volumes.
The Economics and Science of Measurement: A Study of Metrology

Metrology is the study of measurement science. Although classical economists have emphasized the importance of measurement per se, the majority of economics-based writings on the topic have taken the form of government reports related to the activities of specific national metrology laboratories. This book is the first systematic study of measurement activity at a national metrology laboratory, and the laboratory studied is the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) within the U.S. Department of Commerce. The primary objective of the book is to emphasize for academic and policy audiences the economic importance of measurement not only as an area of study but also as a tool for sustaining technological advancement as an element of economic growth. Toward this goal, the book offers an overview of the economic benefits and consequences of measurement standards; an argument for public sector support of measurement standards; a historical perspective of the measurement activities at NIST; an empirical analysis of one particular measurement activity at NIST, namely calibration testing; and a roadmap for future research on the economics of metrology.
Stretching Hookean ribbons part I: relative edge extension underlies transverse compression and buckling instability

The wrinkle pattern exhibited upon stretching a rectangular sheet has attracted considerable interest in the “extreme mechanics” community. Nevertheless, key aspects of this notable phenomenon remain elusive. Specifically—what is the origin of the compressive stress underlying the instability of the planar state? what is the nature of the ensuing bifurcation? how does the shape evolve from a critical, near-threshold regime to a fully developed pattern of parallel wrinkles that permeate most of the sheet? In this paper we address some of these questions through numerical simulations and analytic study of the planar state in Hookean sheets. We show that transverse compression is a boundary effect, which originates from the relative extension of the clamped edges with respect to the transversely contracted, compression-free bulk of the sheet, and draw analogy between this edge-induced compression and Moffatt vortices in viscous, cavity-driven flow. Next, we address the instability of the planar state and show that it gives rise to a buckling pattern, localized near the clamped edges, which evolves—upon increasing the tensile load—to wrinkles that invade the uncompressed portion of the sheet. Crucially, we show that the key aspects of the process—from the formation of transversely compressed zones, to the consequent instability of the planar state and the emergence of a wrinkle pattern—can be understood within a Hookean framework, where the only origin of nonlinear response is geometric, rather than a non-Hookean stress–strain relation.
Estimating change-point latent factor models for high-dimensional time series

Abstract We consider estimating a factor model for high-dimensional time series that contains structural breaks in the factor loading space at unknown time points. We first study the case when there is one change point in factor loadings, and propose a consistent estimator for the structural break location, whose convergence rate is shown to depend on an interplay between the dimension of the observed time series and the strength of the underlying factor structure. Our results reveal that the asymptotic behavior of the proposed estimator can be asymmetric in the sense that a larger estimation error can occur toward the regime with weaker factor strength. Based on the proposed estimator for the structural break location, we also consider the problem of estimating the factor loading spaces before and after the structural break. We show that the proposed estimators for change-point location and loading spaces are consistent when the numbers of factors are correctly estimated or overestimated. The algorithm for multiple change-point detection is also developed in the paper. Compared with existing results on change-point factor analyses of high-dimensional time series, a distinguished feature of the current paper is that the noise process is not necessarily assumed to be idiosyncratic and as a result we allow the noise process with potentially strong cross-sectional dependence. Another advantage for the proposed method is that it is specifically designed for the changes in the factor loading space and the stationarity assumption is not imposed on either the factor or noise process, while most existing methods for change-point detection of high-dimensional time series with/without a factor structure require the data to be stationary or ’close’ to a stationary process between two change points, which is rather restrictive. Numerical experiments including a Monte Carlo simulation and a real data application are presented to illustrate the proposed estimators perform well.
Elastic scattering of 600-Mev protons by super 4 He.

The differential cross section for elastic scattering of 600-MeV protons from $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ has been measured for laboratory angles between 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 44\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The data are analyzed in terms of the diffraction approximation of Glauber.