cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Cinematographical Analysis of the Dolphin Swimming Stroke

Abstract The dolphin butterfly stroke is relatively new in intercollegiate swimming competition, and it is apparent that many different methods of timing the kick with the arm stroke are being used. This study presents a method for the measurement of component velocities within one swimming stroke cycle. The ratio of maximum to minimum component velocities is suggested as an index of stroke efficiency. The method presented was used to analyze and compare these variations in velocity within the stroke cycle of two outstanding dolphin butterfly stroke swimmers. An attempt was made to identify factors of body mechanics which might have contributed to the variance of velocities within the stroke cycle of these swimmers. Since acceleration and deceleration are costly in terms of energy requirements, it is thought that the method presented may provide an approach to improving swimming.
Daniel in the Lion's Den: A Structural Reconsideration of Religious Exemptions from Nondiscrimination Laws Since Obergefell

As the LGBT rights movement has begun to achieve tangible policy successes at the national level — in particular, marriage equality and workplace protections — legislatures and courts both have grappled with how to protect those who claim their religious beliefs require them to discriminate. Since Obergefell v. Hodges, this process has gone into overdrive: both legislative and judicial accommodations for religious dissenters have taken on novel and expansive forms. Several prominent federal court decisions have relied on Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores to expand their conception of what constitutes a burden on religious practice and constrict the category of government action that meets the least restrictive means test under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. And legislatures have considered and enacted expansive new exemptions from nondiscrimination laws with the novel feature of singling out particular beliefs for protection, rather than particular actions. This new wave of religious accommodations has revived the question of what limits, if any, the Establishment Clause places on governments’ ability to protect religious exercise. So far, scholars opposed to the accommodations have emphasized the harm that religious exemptions from non-discrimination laws impose on third parties, and argued the Establishment Clause as interpreted by the Supreme Court prohibits religious accommodations with such substantially negative effects. The only federal court opinion so far to invalidate a nondiscrimination accommodation — the Northern District of Mississippi’s decision in Barber v. Bryant — adopted that reasoning in substantial part. This Note argues that focusing on the harm caused by nondiscrimination accommodations comes at the problem from the wrong angle. In general, the Establishment Clause is directed at structural problems: preventing government interference in the operation of religious bodies and religious entities from wielding government power. In particular, Supreme Court holdings since Larkin v. Grendel’s Den in 1982 have consistently prohibited government from giving parties the power to decide, by virtue of their religious belief, how government benefits are distributed. This Note argues that the new wave of nondiscrimination accommodations do just that, impermissibly giving religious actors a veto over LGBT people’s and others’ statutory right to do business on equal terms. That perspective places objections to religious accommodations on a stronger, and more circumscribed, doctrinal footing, affording governments more flexibility to design constitutionally valid religious accommodations. But it also acknowledges that the conflict between religious accommodation and nondiscrimination is fundamentally a conflict between two visions of government power — one that ultimately must be resolved by the Constitution’s command that government cannot interpose a religious veto point between a citizen and her rights.
Estimation of structural film viscosity based on the bubble rise method in a nanofluid.

Abstract When a single bubble moves at a very low capillary number (10−7) through a liquid with dispersed nanoparticles (nanofluid) inside a vertical tube/capillary, a film is formed between the bubble surface and the tube wall and the nanoparticles self-layer inside the confined film. We measured the film thickness using reflected light interferometry. We calculated the film structural energy isotherm vs. the film thickness from the film-meniscus contact angle measurements using the reflected light interferometric method. Based on the experimental measurement of the film thickness and the calculated values of the film structural energy barrier, we estimated the structural film viscosity vs. the film thickness using the Frenkel approach. Because of the nanoparticle film self-layering phenomenon, we observed a gradual increase in the film viscosity with the decreasing film thickness. However, we observed a significant increase in the film viscosity accompanied by a step-wise decrease in the bubble velocity when the film thickness decreased from 3 to 2 particle layers due to the structural transition in the film.
Will It Play in Peoria

The election of Donald Trump as the president of the United States has provided a final chance for geographers to intellectually engage with the public. Geographers should do this through our niche...
Attraction at a Distance: Ā-Movement and Case

Some languages allow extraction of possessors from only a subset of nominals. I show that a juxtaposition of two proposals about Case and Agree (made by Rackowski and Richards (2005) and Bobaljik (...
The Culture of Financial Institutions: The Institution of Political Economy

The 19th century legal historian Henry Maine famously defined progress, and by extension, liberal modernity, as the substitution of relations based on status (especially family and title), to relations based on contract, especially trade and employment. The article suggests that Maine's assertion, however comforting as a political matter, simply does not hold with regard to the credit relations central to contemporary society. Credit transactions, even retail transactions, are based on trust and interlocking webs of obligation across agents (until recently called, in the law, servants). In short, the contemporary economy may be imagined in neo-feudal as well as neo-liberal terms. In light of the nature of contemporary finance, as well as rising and at present intractable inequality, a neo-feudal imagination may indeed seem more apposite. A neo-feudal imagination of finance implies "custodial regulation" of financial regulation: privilege and power (inequality) is recognized, but accompanied by personal obligation. The public/private distinction is thus largely effaced. In this view, the crisis of politically significant institutions should lead to the personal ruin of managers even when government intervention is deemed necessary. Conversely, the end of a crisis should not signal that those who run institutions on which society depends may claim to be private citizens. Viewed as a problem of leadership, substantive financial regulation is achieved through negotiation among various elites as to what constitutes prudent action within, a financial world far too complex to be modeled by rules. Thus the indeterminacy (unworkability) of contemporary financial regulation is determined (resolved) through the sorts of conversations that contemporary anthropologists call "paraethnographic." Whether or not this can work is open to serious question.
Flights from wonder: the search for meaning in diffusion-weighted brain lesions.

“The process of scientific discovery is, in effect, a continual flight from wonder.” —Albert Einstein [(1)][1] Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) can be considered for patients with carotid artery bifurcation disease on optimized medical therapy who have been
A new multi-dimensional view of a hurricane

NASA researchers can now use a combination of satellite observations to re-create multidimensional pictures of hurricanes and other major storms in order to study complex atmospheric interactions. In this video, they applied those techniques to Hurricane Matthew. Matthew was the first Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in almost ten years.
Addressing FoMO and telepressure among university students: Could a technology intervention help with social media use and sleep disruption?

Abstract The fear of missing out (FoMO) and telepressure are two individual difference characteristics linked to increased technology and social media use. FoMO and telepressure have also been linked to negative health outcomes among university students, including poor sleep hygiene. In a sample of 97 university students we tested the potential buffering effects of a sleep and technology educational intervention on relations among FoMO and telepressure and sleep hygiene, social media use, and sleep-disruptive technology use (i.e., technology use before and during sleep). At time one, students were administered either a sleep hygiene intervention, a sleep hygiene plus technology education intervention, or information regarding sleep with no intervention (i.e., a control group). Students also completed a series of self-report measures assessing technology use before sleep, technology use during sleep, social media use, and sleep hygiene. There were no differences between conditions at post-intervention in any outcome variable. However, we found relations among FoMO and social media use were weaker for individuals in both intervention conditions. Our findings have implications for the improvement of health and well-being among students particularly prone to problematic technology use.
Why Judges Support Civil Legal Aid

To fulfill their role as neutral deciders in an adversarial legal system, judges need lawyers. Unrepresented litigants tax the court system and burden the people who work in it. Judges around the c...
Three neglected numbers in the CBC: The RDW, MPV, and NRBC count.

The complete blood cell count (CBC) is one of the most frequently ordered laboratory tests, but some values included in the test may be overlooked. This brief review discusses 3 potentially underutilized components of the CBC: the red blood cell distribution width (RDW), the mean platelet volume (MPV), and the nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count. These results have unique diagnostic applications and prognostic implications that can be incorporated into clinical practice. By understanding all components of the CBC, providers can learn more about the patient’s condition.
Atrial fibrillation: what do we know about screening and what do we not know about treatment?

The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) among adults over the age of 20 years is estimated to be 3% with 25% of middle-aged adults expected to develop AF during their lifetime.1 However, undiagnosed AF is common, especially in higher risk patient populations, including the elderly and patients with concomitant cardiovascular comorbidities. For example, patients who presented with a cryptogenic stroke and no history of AF were diagnosed with AF at rates of 8.9% at 6 months and 12.4% at 12 months poststroke, when an implantable cardiac monitor was used.2 A screening programme in Sweden checked intermittent electrocardiograms (ECGs) over a 2-week period in the general population of people aged 75 years and found that 3% had undiagnosed AF with 0.5% being diagnosed with the first ECG.3 Despite the available data on the rates of undiagnosed AF, the optimal screening strategy for AF remains debated and an active area of investigation. The European Guidelines for AF recommend ‘opportunistic screening’ for patients ≥65 years of age by checking a pulse for irregularity or ECG rhythm strip and at least 72 hours of monitoring in patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.1 In the lack of any large outcome screening studies, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Rhythm Society guidelines do not provide recommendations for screening, while an international collaboration of providers recommend: (1) screening all patients ≥65 years of age with a single time point, single lead ECG or pulse check for irregularity followed by an ECG; (2) patient activated ECG screening for a 2-week period in patients ≥75 years of age or in younger patients at a high risk for AF; and (3) long-term continuous monitoring in patients with an embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS).4 Beyond the question of whom to screen, physicians need to decide which devices …
Gender Differences in Response to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Among Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn Veterans.

Abstract Background Most of our knowledge base regarding treatment response among veterans comes from predominantly male samples. Evidence suggests, however, that women and men use different coping strategies, which may impact how effective treatments are for people of different genders. The purpose of this investigation was to examine gender differences in response to acceptance and commitment therapy, an empirically supported transdiagnostic psychotherapy. Methods Data were drawn from a multisite, randomized, controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy as compared with a psychotherapy control, namely, present-centered therapy (PCT), in veterans with emotional distress who served in Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, or New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND). Although the original trial did not find a difference between acceptance and commitment therapy and present-centered therapy, we were interested in examining whether gender differences may have been obscured in the original analyses. This secondary analysis included 117 participants for whom at least one post-baseline data point was available and examined the role of gender in treatment response. Results Gender differences were not observed on the primary outcome of general distress, but were observed in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (p Conclusions These preliminary results suggest the possibility of gender differences in psychotherapy response and should motivate additional study of gender-specific care.
Effects of dam age, prepartum nutrition and duration of labor on productivity and postpartum reproduction in beef females.

Sixty-two, 2-yr-old heifers and 65 cows, 4 to 7 yr old, were assigned randomly at 60 d before the median predicted calving date to a factorially designed study. Main effects were: age of dam (heifer or cow), moderate (M) or high (H) precalving feed level (110 or 135% of National Research Council recommendation) and short (S) or prolonged (P) duration of Stage II of parturition. After calving, all dams were placed in the same range pastures and received supplemental hay and a grain-salt mix until adequate range forage was available to produce weight gains in the lactating dams. Dams were bred in a 45-d artificial insemination period. Calving difficulty scores and duration of labor (Stage II) were greater (both P less than .01) in heifers than in cows; calf birth weight (P less than .01), calf vigor at birth (P less than .05) and calf gains birth to weaning (P less than .01) were higher in cows. Effect of gestation feed level on precalving, calving and postpartum data were nonsignificant. Eighty-two percent of the S females were given obstetrical assistance and 15% of the P females required assistance at parturition (P less than .01). More S dams exhibited estrus by the beginning of the breeding season than P dams (91.4 vs 81.7%, P less than .10), and October pregnancy of S dams was higher than P dams (89.5 vs 75.6%, P less than .05). Interaction effects of dam X duration of Stage II were not significant, but short duration of labor had beneficial effects on postpartum reproduction in both dam age groups. Results of this study indicate prolonged labor may result in depressed subsequent reproduction in beef dams.
Human Computer Interaction with Multivariate Sentiment Distributions of Stocks Intraday

In this work we show that the sentiment of the broader stock market, namely the S&P 500, is related to the activity of individual stocks intraday. We introduce a concept we term as embedded context which is an approach to improving unigram language models for restricted use cases. We use a Gaussian Mixture Model to create different sentiment regimes (i.e. distributions) of the broader market over our training period and perform an analysis of the return and volatility characteristics of each stock per each regime. We create an intraday momentum trading strategy using a moving average and Relative Strength Index (RSI) over our testing period with no consideration to our prior sentiment regime analysis which serves as our baseline model. We then create an updated version of our intraday trading strategy which considers the sentiment regime of the broader market. Our results show an improvement in each stock’s intraday strategy performance as a result of considering the broader market’s sentiment regime.
Galectin-3 as a Predictor of Long-term Survival After Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery.

Background Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a well-established biomarker of adverse clinical outcomes, but its prognostic value for long-term survival after cardiac surgery is not well understood. Elevated levels of Gal-3 have been found to be remarkably associated with higher risk of death in both acute decompensated and chronic heart failure populations. Its prognostic value for long-term survival after cardiac surgery is not known. Methods A sample of patients contributing to the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group Cardiac Surgery Registry from 2004 to 2007 were enrolled in a prospective biomarker cohort (N = 1690). Preoperative Gal-3 levels were measured and categorized by quartile. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models, adjusting for variables in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Collaboration on the Comparative Effectiveness of Revascularization Strategy probability calculator to evaluate the association between elevated Gal-3 levels and survival to 6 years. Results Preoperative Gal-3 levels ranged from 1.72 to 28.89 ng/mL (mean, 8.96 ng/mL; median, 8.06 ng/mL; interquartile range, 5.42-11.08 ng/mL). Crude survival decreased by increasing quartile. After adjustment, serum levels of Gal-3 in the highest quartile of the cohort were associated with significantly decreased survival compared with the lowest quartile (hazard ratio [HR] 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-3.54; P = .001). No decrease in survival was found for the middle quartiles (HR 1.36; 95% CI, 0.87-2.12; P = .177). Conclusions A substantial association was found between elevated preoperative Gal-3 levels and risk of mortality after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. An assessment of the relationship between preoperative serum biomarkers and long-term survival can be used for risk stratification or estimating postsurgical prognosis.
The development of an educational checklist for individuals with CHARGE syndrome.

CHARGE syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which can impact every sensory system and is often associated with significant medical, communicative, developmental, and behavioral difficulties. Due to ...
Topical Preparations and Prescription Medications in Aesthetics

Topical skin preparations include cleansers, toners, moisturizers, serums, and medications. There are an astonishing number of brands and formulations of topical skin preparations and they are an essential component to skin care. The aesthetics and anti-aging market have grown steadily over the last decade and the consumer has become more savvy and selective. The aesthetic practitioner should be generally familiar with the available topical products and be able to offer appropriate recommendations to their patients. A variety of preparations, absorption properties and effect on the skin, certain ingredients, and intended result will be discussed in this chapter. This section is not intended to prescribe certain treatments or products but instead, to provide a foundation of understanding regarding topical treatments and formulations.
Neutron-induced gamma-ray production in /sup 57/Fe for incident neutron energies between 0. 16 and 21 MeV

Interactions of neutrons with the iron isotope /sup 57/Fe have been studied by measuring gamma-ray production cross sections for incident neutron energies between 0.16 and 21 MeV. Neutrons produced by the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator impinged on a metallic iron sample enriched to 93% in the isotope /sup 57/Fe. The resulting gamma radiation was detected using a 100-cm/sup 3/ Ge(Li) detector placed at 125 deg with respect to the neutron beam line. A complete description of the experiment is given. Absolute gamma-ray production cross sections were measured for gamma rays corresponding to the /sup 57/Fe(n,n/sup 1/..gamma..)/sup 57/Fe, /sup 57/Fe(n,..gamma..)/sup 58/Fe, /sup 57/Fe(n,..cap alpha../sup 54/ Cr, /sup 57/Fe(n,2n)/sup 56/Fe, and /sup 57/Fe(n,p)/sup 57/Mn reactions. The cross section for the /sup 57/Fe(n,2n)/sup 56/Fe reaction exceeds 1 b for E /SUB n/ about 15 MeV, and the cross section for the /sup 57/Fe(n,p)/sup 57/Mn reaction exceeds 0.2 b for E /SUB n/ about 9 MeV. A new excited state is postulated account for observed data. Several new transitions are reported for decay of levels in /sup 57/Fe. Measured cross sections are compared with data obtained from the current ENDF/B evaluation.
Assessing library online patrons use of resources to improve outreach and marketing

Online learning and distance programs are a growing trend in higher education, and equitable access to library services and resources is vital for online students. While advertising to all patrons is important, marketing and outreach about electronic resources is crucial for online users, who often cannot physically come to the library for materials and rely on electronic collections for research and assignments. In Fall 2017, two academic librarians from public and technical services departments developed a marketing plan to promote electronic resources and online services for research by designing and distributing two virtual surveys to students taking courses online and instructors teaching online. The analysis of these surveys directly informed library promotion of electronic resources via the development of a marketing plan, as well as a more in-depth library integration in the university learning management system (LMS), with these strategies leading to an increase in e-resource usage.
A field-based assessment of the parasitoid Aphelinus certus as a biological control agent of soybean aphid in North America

Abstract Damaging outbreaks of soybean aphid continue to occur in North America despite the valuable biological control services provided by resident natural enemies. The adventive parasitoid Aphelinus certus Yasnosh (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) has recently established in North America and has been hypothesized to be a key component of the resident natural enemy community, but there have been few studies evaluating the efficacy of this parasitoid in suppressing soybean aphid populations. We used an exclusion cage study to quantify the effect of A. certus on soybean aphid population growth at four sites spanning western and east-central Minnesota from 2017 to 2019. There were minimal differences in soybean aphid population growth between experimental treatments that excluded natural enemies and control treatments, suggesting that parasitism of soybean aphid by A. certus did not have a strong impact on soybean aphid population growth during this study. Because, for example, A. certus larvae can reduce host reproduction prior to mortality (resulting in underestimates of effects in short-term studies), our results reflect the challenges of using exclusion cages to assess the effects of individual natural enemy species, especially those with complex life cycles.
Global Whitecap Coverage from Satellite Remote Sensing and Wave Modelling

For decades, photographic measurements of whitecap coverage W have been the workhorse for characterizing oceanic whitecaps and parameterizing air-sea processes associated with them. The detail that in situ W data provide is now complemented with the possibilities offered by long-term, consistent determination of W on a global scale from passive microwave remote sensing and from third generation wave modelling. This chapter gives an overview of the development and present status of obtaining the whitecap fraction with remote sensing and wave models.
A Multi- Period Investment Model for Behind-the-Meter PV and Storage

Behind -the-meter photovoltaic (PV) systems, especially when combined with storage units, are becoming an attractive solution for individual prosumers to decrease electricity costs and reduce the dependence from the utility grid. The technology costs of PV and batteries are expected to continue to decrease during the next decade, while utility energy costs and feed-in remuneration will face regulatory changes. In these scenarios of intense variations of technology and operation costs, multi-period investment approaches become relevant, by allowing for an optimal schedule of the investments throughout the years. In this paper, we propose a multi-period optimal investment model for behind-the-meter PV and storage considering multi-year variations of technology and energy costs.
Mechanisms of neoplastic transformation.

This paper introduces a series of invited essays on current controversies in basic cancer research. The initial group of essays focuses on the detection and interpretation of molecular and cellular changes suspected to be of importance in the cause and pathogenesis of cancer. There are two formats: (i) differing viewpoints are presented in parallel, or (ii) the author(s) evaluate a hypothesis in light of available data. Each type of paper aims to critically evaluate current hypotheses and supporting data, while avoiding pronouncements on validity. Recent advances in molecular biology now permit us to consider genes as chemical entities. Individual genes can be isolated, cloned to produce multiple copies, sequenced, and assayed for biological function. This new molecular technology is being applied to fundamental questions in cancer research. The controversies resulting from these pioneering studies are the topics of the initial papers in this series. Forthcoming essays will concern the mechanism(s) of tum...
Effect of CO2 dilution on forced ignition and development of CH4/air ignition kernels

Abstract Reliable ignition of reactant mixtures containing combustion products is important to the function of many practical combustion devices. Prior work has considered the influence of CO2 on ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds. This work examines the effects of dilution with CO2 on forced ignition and development of ignition kernels in CH4/air mixtures. Ignition kernels were initiated by a high voltage spark discharge in CH4/air/diluent mixtures with a bulk velocity of 5 m/s and with 0.7 ≤ Φ ≤ 0.8. Ignition probabilities and kernel growth rates were determined from radiation intensity measurements collected using a Telops MS-IR FAST infrared camera. Nitrogen was used as an inert in a subset of conditions to facilitate identifying changes in chemistry associated with dilution by CO2. Chemistry effects of diluents on ignition were isolated by examining undiluted, N2 diluted, and CO2 diluted flows with equivalent adiabatic flame temperatures. Dilution with CO2 reduced the probability of ignition relative to undiluted and N2 diluted conditions with the same adiabatic flame temperature. Ignition kernels diluted with CO2 also tended to be smaller than those initiated in both undiluted and N2 diluted mixtures, with reduced growth rates.
Small molecule recognition of disease-relevant RNA structures

Targeting RNAs with small molecules represents a new frontier in drug discovery and development. The rich structural diversity of folded RNAs offers a nearly unlimited reservoir of targets for small molecules to bind, similar to small molecule occupancy of protein binding pockets, thus creating the potential to modulate human biology. Although the bacterial ribosome has historically been the most well exploited RNA target, advances in RNA sequencing technologies and a growing understanding of RNA structure have led to an explosion of interest in the direct targeting of human pathological RNAs. This review highlights recent advances in this area, with a focus on the design of small molecule probes that selectively engage structures within disease-causing RNAs, with micromolar to nanomolar affinity. Additionally, we explore emerging RNA-target strategies, such as bleomycin A5 conjugates and ribonuclease targeting chimeras (RIBOTACs), that allow for the targeted degradation of RNAs with impressive potency and selectivity. The compounds discussed in this review have proven efficacious in human cell lines, patient-derived cells, and pre-clinical animal models, with one compound currently undergoing a Phase II clinical trial and another that recently garnerd FDA-approval, indicating a bright future for targeted small molecule therapeutics that affect RNA function.
Abstract 15818: Three-dimensional Electroanatomic Mapping of Human Ventricular Tachycardia

Introduction: The localization of sources responsible for erratic ventricular tachycardia signaling can be facilitated by high-resolution epicardial mapping. Here, we describe an approach for epica...
Translating the REACH OUT dementia caregiver intervention into a primary care setting: a pilot study.

The current study translated the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health: Offering Useful Treatments (REACH OUT), a skills-building stress and burden intervention, for the primary care...
Optimal control for fast acquisition of equilibrium voltage for Li-ion batteries

Abstract Motivated by the recent electrode health diagnosis method that requires selective open-circuit voltage data, this paper presents a novel approach for the fast acquisition of battery equilibrium voltage using bidirectional current pulses. The proposed method was found by solving a minimum-time optimal control problem. Unlike the conventional pulse-relaxation method which requires a long relaxation period, the use of charge and discharge pulses reduces the testing time by 69%. The given problem is studied numerically and analytically. Analysis based on Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) demonstrates that the solution is either bang–bang or bang–off–bang control, depending on the constraints. Furthermore, the optimal control problem is reformulated into a finite-dimensional switching-time optimization problem, making it computationally tractable for on-board applications. Finally, experimental validation is presented for a 4.5 Ah NMC/graphite cell showing a 73% time reduction to reach a new equilibrium voltage.
A precision medicine approach to sex-based differences in ideal cardiovascular health.

Cardiovascular disease risk factor profiles and health behaviors are known to differ between women and men. Sex-based differences in ideal cardiovascular health were examined in the My Research Legacy study, which collected cardiovascular health and lifestyle data via Life’s Simple 7 survey and digital health devices. As the study overenrolled women (n = 1251) compared to men (n = 310), we hypothesized that heterogeneity among women would affect comparisons of ideal cardiovascular health. We identified 2 phenogroups of women in our study cohort by cluster analysis. The phenogroups differed significantly across all 7 cardiovascular health and behavior domains (all p < 0.01) with women in phenogroup 1 having a lower Life’s Simple 7 Health Score than those in phenogroup 2 (5.9 ± 1.3 vs. 7.6 ± 1.3, p < 0.01). Compared to men, women in phenogroup 1 had a higher burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors, exercised less, and had lower ideal cardiovascular health scores (p < 0.01). In contrast, women in phenogroup 2 had fewer cardiovascular risk factors but similar exercise habits and higher ideal cardiovascular health scores than men (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that heterogeneity among study participants should be examined when evaluating sex-based differences in ideal cardiovascular health.
The Tasks at Hand: An Integrative Conceptual Review and Dimensional Scaling Framework

Tasks are formative to what every working individual does, yet there is increasing ambiguity amid the disjointed state of the task literature which demands a much-needed state of clarification and ...
The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease

States of oral health and disease reflect the compositional and functional capacities of, as well as the interspecies interactions within, the oral microbiota. The oral cavity exists as a highly dynamic microbial environment that harbors many distinct substrata and microenvironments that house diverse microbial communities. Specific to the oral cavity, the nonshedding dental surfaces facilitate the development of highly complex polymicrobial biofilm communities, characterized not only by the distinct microbes comprising them, but cumulatively by their activities. Adding to this complexity, the oral cavity faces near-constant environmental challenges, including those from host diet, salivary flow, masticatory forces, and introduction of exogenous microbes. The composition of the oral microbiome is shaped throughout life by factors including host genetics, maternal transmission, as well as environmental factors, such as dietary habits, oral hygiene practice, medications, and systemic factors. This dynamic ecosystem presents opportunities for oral microbial dysbiosis and the development of dental and periodontal diseases. The application of both in vitro and culture-independent approaches has broadened the mechanistic understandings of complex polymicrobial communities within the oral cavity, as well as the environmental, local, and systemic underpinnings that influence the dynamics of the oral microbiome. Here, we review the present knowledge and current understanding of microbial communities within the oral cavity and the influences and challenges upon this system that encourage homeostasis or provoke microbiome perturbation, and thus contribute to states of oral health or disease.
Bladder Cancer Mortality in the United States: A Geographic and Temporal Analysis of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors

Purpose: We assessed the association of temporal, socioeconomic and environmental factors with bladder cancer mortality in the United States. Our hypothesis was that bladder cancer mortality is associated with distinct environmental and socioeconomic factors with effects varying by region, race and gender.Materials and Methods: NCI (National Cancer Institute) age adjusted, county level bladder cancer mortality data from 1950 to 2007 were analyzed to identify clusters of increased bladder cancer death using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. Socioeconomic, clinical and environmental data were assessed using geographically weighted spatial regression analysis adjusting for spatial autocorrelation. County level socioeconomic, clinical and environmental data were obtained from national databases, including the United States Census, CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics) and County Health Rankings.Results: Bladder cancer mortality hot spots and risk factors for...
The House of Fecundity

After my girl's first gerbils die, the tumors sprouting like purple broccoli on their stomachs, after she gets the new gerbils and we hang over their cage, watching them rub their dark hairy faces with their miniscule hands, after my boy gets his first mice and they fight, one going for the other's belly, throat, jaws, horrible squeaks cracking the air, after he gets his second pair and we hang over their cage, watching the shuddering noses, delicate gluey toes, long raw tendon of the tail, I have had it! Thirty-two tiny hands and feet, sixteen soft bellies in danger, this mixture of pus and blood and excrement and love is all too much for me, it takes me back too far, stomach and nose and the back of my mind like the battered blackness behind the moon, to those years of the animal, those years I was six feet under in dark motherhood, my mind a flooded field, the water going down slowly. Now the children's rooms begin to reek gently of maternity, paternity, I tell you I cannot sink down again, I cannot do it, I have got to rise from childbed at last, wipe the scarlet mucus off my thighs, I've got to get on with it. I have done my time in the breaking-shed, the birthing-room, the slaughterhouse, the pit, I walk
Dilation and Hypertrophy: A Cell-Based Continuum Mechanics Approach Towards Ventricular Growth and Remodeling

This manuscript presents a continuum approach towards cardiac growth and remodeling that is capable to predict chronic maladaptation of the heart in response to changes in mechanical loading. It is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into and elastic and a growth part. Motivated by morphological changes in cardiomyocyte geometry, we introduce an anisotropic growth tensor that can capture both hypertrophic wall thickening and ventricular dilation within one generic concept. In agreement with clinical observations, we propose wall thickening to be a stress-driven phenomenon whereas dilation is introduced as a strain-driven process. The features of the proposed approach are illustrated in terms of the adaptation of thin heart slices and in terms overload-induced dilation in a generic bi-ventricular heart model.
Dispensable presequence for cellular localization and function of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence corresponding to codons for the 17-amino acid residues in the presumed targeting presequence for yeast mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase was removed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the isolated gene (MDH1). Integrative transformation was used to insert the "leaderless" gene (mdhl-) into the MDH1 chromosomal locus of a strain containing a disrupted MDH1 gene. Expression of the mature form of malate dehydrogenase as a primary translation product was verified by demonstrating that the mature form is synthesized in mdhl- cells at the same rate as the precursor form in MDH1 cells in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and by comparison of in vitro translation products of RNAs from mdhl- and MDH1 cells. Expression of mdhl- restores total cellular malate dehydrogenase activity to levels comparable to those in wild type cells and reverses the phenotype associated with strains containing MDH1 disruptions by restoring wild type rates of growth in media containing acetate as a carbon source. Immunochemical analyses and enzyme assays show comparable levels of malate dehydrogenase in the matrix fractions from mitochondria isolated from mdhl- and MDH1 cells and give no evidence for accumulation of the mature enzyme in the cytosol of mdhl- cells. These results indicate that the presequence for malate dehydrogenase is not essential for efficient mitochondrial localization or function in yeast.
Willa Cather's Nutty Professor

Critics have often argued, or made the assumption, that Professor Godfrey St. Peter and Tom Outland are heroic figures in Willa Cather's The Professor's House. As Judith Fetterley writes, “we enter...
Predictors of Access Site Crossover in Patients Who Underwent Transradial Coronary Angiography

Despite increasing use of the transradial approach (TRA) for coronary angiography, TRA failure and subsequent access site crossover remain a barrier to TRA adoption. The aim of this study was to elucidate patient and procedural characteristics associated with TRA to transfemoral approach (TFA) crossover and examine TRA to TFA crossover by operator experience over time. This retrospective analysis identified 1,600 patients who underwent coronary angiography with possible percutaneous coronary intervention through TRA by operators with varied TRA experience in an urban tertiary care center from October 2010 to August 2013. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of access site crossover, from TRA to TFA, and strength of association is presented as odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]). Access site crossover was noted in 166 patients (10.4%). Multivariable predictors of access site crossover included age >75 years (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.91, p = 0.004) and operator experience (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.96 to 4.52, p 5 years TRA experience) had no significant change in proportion of access site crossover over time (quartile 1: 2.8%, quartile 2: 6.4%, quartile 3: 5.6%, quartile 4: 5.8%, p = 0.54). In conclusion, rate of access site crossover in the contemporary era is relatively low and can be mitigated with operator experience.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Reduction for Water Purification: Nanoscale Effects on Catalytic Activity, Selectivity, and Sustainability

Reductive catalysis is a promising water treatment technology that employs heterogeneous metal catalysts (e.g., Pd nanoparticles on a support) to convert dihydrogen to adsorbed atomic hydrogen in order to promote reactions with functional groups in various contaminants. Reductive catalysis has several potential advantages, including high selectivity for a given target, fast rates under mild conditions, and low production of harmful by-products. The technology has been applied mostly for remediation of groundwater contaminated with halogenated hydrocarbons and for treatment of nitrate, but recent studies have expanded the range of target contaminants to include perchlorate and N-nitrosamines. Palladium-based catalysts hold tremendous promise for their ability to selectively destroy several drinking water contaminants, and some compounds that exhibit slow reaction kinetics with Pd alone are rapidly degraded when a second, promoter metal is added to the catalyst. However, there is a lack of information about the long-term sustainability of these catalytic treatment processes, which is a major consideration in their possible adoption for remediation applications. Recent research has focused on the nanoscale characterization of these heterogeneous catalysts in order to develop an improved understanding of their mechanisms of deactivation and the pathways for regeneration. Two examples of studies from the authors’ laboratories, involving (i) hydrodehalogenation of iodinated X-ray contrast media with Ni or Pd catalysts and (ii) selective reduction of nitrate with a regenerable Pd-In/alumina catalyst, are discussed in this chapter.
Interactions Between Personality Type and the Experimental Methodology in Determining Student Achievement in Principles of Microeconomics

The present study brings together two research streams in the extant literature that examine separately the effectiveness of using experiments in the principles classroom and the relationship between different personality types and student achievement. Using a sample of 255 principles of microeconomics students, 48 of whom were enrolled in sections that relied heavily on classroom experiments, we estimate the effectiveness of the experimental teaching method across personality types as defined by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Although students enrolled in the experimental sections generally outperformed students in lecture-oriented classes, we ask whether students with certain personality types (and corresponding learning styles) would have performed better under the traditional pedagogy. The experimental approach appears to benefit, or to be neutral with respect to, most personality types and learning styles. We find some evidence that students in the experimental classroom who tend to be more concrete and factual in their thinking may not perform as well as more abstract thinkers.
Exploring the Inconsistent Labels and Definitions of Texts Used in Informational Reading and Writing

This article discusses the various labels and definitions given for texts used for informational reading and writing and the confusion caused by the inconsistency of terms. An EBSCO search on articles published from 2006 to 2011 in the three largest literacy-related professional organizations' journals produced a total of 59 articles. Nonfiction was the most frequent label used; the term “informational text” had the greatest number of definitions and disparity in use. The authors discuss the implications of these disparities in labels and definitions for both researchers and teachers.
Monitoring a fraction with easy and reliable settings of the false alarm rate

Monitoring a fraction arises in many manufacturing applications and also in service applications. The traditional p-chart is easy to use and design but is difficult to achieve the desired false alarm rate. We propose a two-sided CUSUM Arcsine method that achieves both large and small desired false alarm rates for an in-control probability anywhere between 0 and 1. The parameters of the new method are calculated easily, without tables, simulation, or Markov chain analysis used by many of the existing methods. The proposed method detects increases and decreases and works for constant and Poisson distributed sample sizes. The CUSUM Arcsine also has a superior sensitivity compared with other easily designed existing methods for monitoring Binomial distributed data. This paper includes an extensive literature review and a taxonomy of the existing monitoring methods for a fraction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodesulfurization of Flue Gases and Other Sulfate/Sulfite Waste Streams Using Immobilized Mixed Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the major pollutants in the atmosphere that cause acid rain. Microbial processes for reducing SO2 to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have previously been demonstrated by utilizing mixed cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) with municipal sewage digest as the carbon and energy source. To maximize the productivity of the bioreactor for SO2 reduction in this study, various immobilized cell bioreactors were investigated: a stirred tank with SRB flocs and columnar reactors with cells immobilized in either potassium-carrageenan gel matrix or polymeric porous BIO-SEP beads. The maximum volumetric productivity for SO2 reduction in the continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) with SRB flocs was 2.1 mmol of SO2/(h.L). The potassium-carrageenan gell matrix used for cell immobilization was not durable at feed sulfite concentrations greater than 2000 mg/L (1.7 mmol/(h.L)). A columnar reactor with mixed SRB cells that had been allowed to grow into highly stable BIO-SEP polymeric beads exhibited the highest sulfite conversion rates, in the range 16.5 mmol/(h.L) (with 100% conversion) to 20 mmol/(h.L) (with 95% conversion). The average specific activity for sulfite reduction in the column, in terms of dry weight of SRB biomass, was 9.5 mmol of sulfite/(h.g). In addition to flue gas desulfurization, potential applications of this microbial process include the treatment of sulfate/sulfite-laden wastewater from the pulp and paper, petroleum, mining, and chemical industries.
Contact potential measurements on “clean” CdS surfaces

Abstract Contact potential difference (cpd) measurements were carried out on {112} surfaces of high conductivity CdS cleaved in ultrahigh vacuum. A modified Kelvin method was employed. A change in cpd upon illumination with white light (surface photovoltage) was observed, indicating the presence of intrinsic surface states in these surfaces. Long exposure (about 24 hr) to water vapor (2 × 10 −8 torr) caused an increase of about 1.0 V in cpd and a reduction in surface photovoltage. This increase in cpd was attributed primarily to a decrease in the electron affinity of the surfaces brought about by the molecular dipole moment of physically adsorbed water molecules. The “clean” surfaces exhibited no appreciable affinitity for spectroscopically pure oxygen, except under white light illumination apparently due to the increase of the density free electrons at the surface.