cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of chronic β-glycerophosphate administration on growth rate and on serum, liver and bile lipid composition in the squirrel monkey — a toxicity study***

Summary Oral administration of β-glycerophosphate lowers the lithogenic index in patients with cholesterol gallstones and is considered to have potential for dissolving them. A high dose of β-glycerphosphate was fed to primates (Squirrel monkeys) for a period of 15 months. There were no adverse effects on body weight, hematological or liver function tests. Serum, liver and bile lipids concentrations were not significantly changed, although serum and hepatic bile phospholipids were increased. Organ weights expressed as percent of body weight were not changed except for a slight increase in kidney weight. Histological examination of liver and kidneys did not reveal any pathological findings. Slight renal hypertrophy was attributed to the sodium content of β-glycerophosphate.
Life Satisfaction as a Distinguishing Indicator of College Student Functioning: Further Validation of the Two-Continua Model of Mental Health

The two-continua model of mental health contends that both psychological distress and psychological well-being make related-yet-distinct contributions to our understanding of human health and its relations with other quality of life outcomes. Using self-reported somatization, depression, and anxiety symptoms as indicators of psychological distress and self-reported life satisfaction as an indicator of psychological well-being, the present study classified participants into one of four mental-health-status groups—mentally healthy, mentally unhealthy, symptomatic yet content, or asymptomatic yet discontent—and investigated between-group differences across three key indicators of college student functioning: academic achievement, interpersonal connectedness, and physical health. Findings provide further validation for the two-continua model of mental health among college students, showing that, when considered in conjunction with clinical symptoms, life satisfaction serves as a distinguishing indicator of college students functioning across academic, social, and physical health domains—as well as a strong predictor of the absence or presence of clinical symptoms and comorbidity. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed.
Re-envisioning reality: reflectance field acquisition of actors, objects, and environments

In this talk I will present new techniques for digitizing the geometry and reflectance of real people, objects, and environments, allowing these elements to be recombined and reinterpreted in the service of new creative visions. On the topic of environments, I will present a technique employed to digitize and reunite the Parthenon and its sculptures, long separated between Athens and London. This work used 3D scanning, illumination capture, and environmental reflectometry to create a detailed and relightable model of the Greek temple. For digitizing objects, I will present new a new dual light stage process for capturing how an objects reflects light that reverses the direction that light is typically generated and sensed, allowing detailed specular and diffuse behavior to be captured for real-world objects. Finally, I will present a new technique for filming an actor's performance in such a way that the lighting on the actor can be designed and modified in postproduction: moving the key, adding a rim, gelling the fill, or matching the lighting to a background plate can all be accomplished photorealistically. The technique works by lighting the actor with time-multiplexed basis lighting conditions and filming with a high-speed video camera so that many lighting conditions are recorded in the span of a traditional frame of film.
Microclimatic differences between mature loblolly-pine silvopasture and open-pasture

Information is needed on microclimatic differences present in different landscapes, such as open-pasture versus silvopasture, in the Southeast USA. This research tested a hypothesis that microclimatic conditions in mature-pine silvopasture would be milder compared to open-pasture. The research objective was to quantify microclimatic differences between mature-pine silvopasture and open pasture. The research was conducted in a loblolly-pine (Pinus taeda L.)-bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) silvopasture and an open bahiagrass pasture, 5-ha each, in Chipley, Florida. Microclimatic parameters (air temperature, soil temperature at 5- and 10-cm depths, wind speed, gust speed, wind direction, humidity, dew point, rainfall, soil-moisture content, total solar radiation, and photosynthetically active radiation) were collected from November 2005 to January 2008 using HOBO© weather stations located in each pasture type. Data were analyzed to determine overall, as well as seasonal, monthly, and diurnal differences between pasture types. Evapotranspiration was calculated from air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and total solar radiation. The overall average values for all microclimatic parameters were lower in silvopasture compared to open-pasture. Seasonal, monthly, and diurnal differences between pasture types were also detected for several parameters. These results indicate that milder microclimatic conditions occur in silvopasture versus open-pasture on the Coastal Plain of the Southeast USA.
( p , t ) Reaction on Even-Even N = Z Nuclei in the 2 s 1 d Shell

The ($p,t$) reaction on the even-even $N=Z$ nuclei in the $2s1d$ shell has been used to study the energy levels of $^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$, $^{22}\mathrm{Mg}$, $^{26}\mathrm{Si}$, $^{30}\mathrm{S}$, $^{34}\mathrm{Ar}$, and $^{38}\mathrm{Ca}$. The energies of the excited states observed are reported along with spin and parity assignments when possible. Two-nucleon-transfer distorted-wave calculations were carried out. Comparisons are made with the shapes of the experimental angular distributions. It is found that the calculated shapes are primarily dependent upon the $L$ transfer and the optical-model parameters. The magnitudes of the calculated cross sections are found to depend strongly not only on the optical-model parameters, but also the bound-state parameters and the configuration mixing in the initial and final nuclear wave functions.
FROM THE SENSES TO SENSE: THE HERMENEUTICS OF LOVE

Abstract. Drawing on philosophy, theology, comparative religion, spirituality, Holocaust studies, physics, biology, psychology, and personal experience, I argue that continued human existence depends on our willingness to reject nihilism–not as an expedient “noble lie” but because faith in a meaningful cosmos and the power of love is at least as validly grounded in human experience as insistence on cosmic indifference and ultimate futility. I maintain that hope will free us to develop nonimperialistic methods of bridging cultural differences by forming a mutually intelligible vocabulary that celebrates diversity, enters the worlds of others in respectful dialogue, and fosters a postmechanistic, organic, ecological, holistic, dynamic, interactive, open-ended model of reality. I lay the foundation for a “hermeneutics of love” to complement Paul Ricoeur's “hermeneutics of suspicion” and invite speculation on the ways science, technology, and society would be transformed if those “glasses of friendship” were widely applied.
164. Potential utilization of minocycline as a radioprotective agent in the brain

Roughly 50% of adult and 100% of pediatric cancer survivors who receive whole-brain irradiation for metastatic disease will develop cognitive dysfunction. Patients who are subjected to cranial radiotherapy for management of primary and metastatic tumors (∼200,000/year) are at the highest risk for neuropsychological deficits. Radiation induces a neuroinflammatory milieu of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-1b, which are responsible for the pathogenesis of radiation-induced brain injury. Minocycline (MC), a second-generation tetracycline derivative, has anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging and antiapoptotic properties. To characterize the neuroprotective effect of MC on radiation-induced inflammation in the brain, female C57BL/6 mice were treated with MC (i.p.) for 5 days beginning immediately before whole-body irradiation with 3 Gy Co-60 γ-rays. Brains were collected 32 days post-irradiation and analyzed for gene expression and cytokine levels. Although there were few detectable changes in cytokines at the protein level, radiation exposure up-regulated gene expression of the IL-1 family (Il1f6, Il1f8 and Il1f10), TNF super family (Tnfsf11b and Tnfsf12), growth differentiating factors (Gdf1, 2, 10 and 15) and bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmp4, 5, 6, 7 and 10). With MC treatment, the expression of many of these genes was no longer significantly different from 0 Gy controls. This suggests that MC may be useful as a neuroprotective agent and may reduce the risk for neurocognitive deficits.
Plan and market mismatch: Urban redevelopment in Beijing during a period of transition

: With the emergence of the real estate market since 1990, the operation Beijing's economy has led to a re-shaping of its inner city. By reviewing the Old and Dilapidated Housing Redevelopment (ODHR) programme in Beijing in the 1990s, this paper seeks to uncover the forces that led to the prevailing large-scale urban redevelopment which induced serious environmental and socio-economic problems. By analysing conflicts between major stakeholders of the ODHR programme, the paper finds that the root cause of these problems was embedded in the ‘mismatch of plan and market’ by which local officials and local developers utilised their privileges inherited from a planned economy to benefit from the emerging real estate markets. As a result, the hidden agenda of local elites was facilitated during the urban redevelopment process.
Tairora: The politics of despotism in a small society

Abstract Traditional leadership in the Tairora area of the Eastern Highlands is discussed with specific reference to one strong man whose reputation is well and widely established in recent tradition. Local reports of his career are examined from various angles, in relation to: socio‐cultural context, including the place of a strong man in a moral system with an egalitarian emphasis; historicity and validity; and the nature, conditions, and limitations of influence and authority in a small‐scale society.
Wizard: a database inference analysis and detection system

The database inference problem is a well-known problem in database security and information system security in general. In order to prevent an adversary from inferring classified information from combinations of unclassified information, a database inference analyst must be able to detect and prevent possible inferences. Detecting database inference problems at database design time provides great power in reducing problems over the lifetime of a database. We have developed and constructed a system called Wizard to analyze databases for their inference problems. The system takes as input a database schema, its constituent instances (if available) and additional human-supplied domain information, and provides a set of associations between entities and/or activities that can be grouped by their potential severity of inference vulnerability. A knowledge acquisition process called microanalysis permits semantic knowledge of a database to be incorporated into the analysis using conceptual graphs. These graphs are then analyzed with respect to inference-relevant domains we call facets using tools we have developed. We can determine inference problems within single facets as well as some inference problems between two or more facets. The architecture of the system is meant to be general so that further refinements of inference information subdomains can be easily incorporated into the system.
Solution properties of taurine and glycine conjugates of fusidic acid and its derivatives.

Abstract Taurine and glycine conjugates of fusidic acid, a steroid antibiotic previously shown to have structural and micellar properties similar to the bile salts (Carey, M.C. and Small D.M. (1971) J. Lipid Res. 12, 604–613), together with two fusidate analogues, have been characterized physicochemically. Both taurine and glycine conjugates of fusidic and 24,25-dihydrofusidic acids were shown to resemble the conjugated di-and trihydroxy bile salts in terms of their apparent pK values, aqueous solubilities, critical micellar concentrations, critical micellar temperatures and capacity to solubilize large amounts of lecithin and mixtures of lecithin and cholesterol. The conjugates of VD-795, a deacetoxy compound, were found to be insoluble in water at room temperature. Despite two α-oriented hydroxyl substituants, the conjugates of this fusidate derivative exhibited high critical micellar temperatures (“Krafft points”) comparable to the critical micellar temperatures of taurine and glycine conjugates of the monohydroxy bile salt, sodium lithocholate.
Varieties of Memory and Their Implications.

(1971). Varieties of Memory and Their Implications. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 85, No. 2, pp. 207-228.
Online detection and sorting of extracellularly recorded action potentials in human medial temporal lobe recordings, in vivo☆

Understanding the function of complex cortical circuits requires the simultaneous recording of action potentials from many neurons in awake and behaving animals. Practically, this can be achieved by extracellularly recording from multiple brain sites using single wire electrodes. However, in densely packed neural structures such as the human hippocampus, a single electrode can record the activity of multiple neurons. Thus, analytic techniques that differentiate action potentials of different neurons are required. Offline spike sorting approaches are currently used to detect and sort action potentials after finishing the experiment. Because the opportunities to record from the human brain are relatively rare, it is desirable to analyze large numbers of simultaneous recordings quickly using online sorting and detection algorithms. In this way, the experiment can be optimized for the particular response properties of the recorded neurons. Here we present and evaluate a method that is capable of detecting and sorting extracellular single-wire recordings in realtime. We demonstrate the utility of the method by applying it to an extensive data set we acquired from chronically implanted depth electrodes in the hippocampus of human epilepsy patients. This dataset is particularly challenging because it was recorded in a noisy clinical environment. This method will allow the development of “closed-loop” experiments, which immediately adapt the experimental stimuli and/or tasks to the neural response observed.
Catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide over Ru-exchanged zeolites

We report that ultrastable faujasite-based ruthenium zeolites are highly active catalysts for N2O decomposition at low temperature (120–200°C). The faujasite-based ruthenium catalysts showed activity for the decomposition of N2O per Ru3+ cation equivalent to the ZSM-5 based ruthenium catalysts at much lower temperatures (TOF at 0.05 vol.-% N2O: 5.132 × 10−4 s−1 Ru−1 of Ru-HNaUSY at 200°C versus 5.609 × 10−4 s−1 Ru−1 of Ru-NaZSM-5 at 300°C). The kinetics of decomposition of N2O over a Ru-NaZSM-5 (Ru: 0.99 wt.-%), a Ru-HNaUSY (Ru: 1.45 wt.-%) and a Ru-free, Na-ZSM-5 catalyst were studied over the temperature range from 40 to 700°C using a temperature-programmed micro-reactor system. With partial pressures of N2O and O2 up to 0.5 vol.-% and 5 vol.-%, respectively, the decomposition rate data are represented by: −dN2O/dt=itk(PN2O) (PO2)−0.5 for Ru-HNaUSY, −dN2O/dt=k(PN2O) (PO2)−0.1 for Ru-NaZSM-5, and −dN2O/dt=k(PN2O)−0.2 (PO2)−0.1 for Na-ZSM-5. Oxygen had a stronger inhibition effect on the Ru-HNaUSY catalyst than on Ru-NaZSM-5. The oxygen inhibition effect was more pronounced at low temperature than at high temperature. We propose that the negative effect of oxygen on the rate of N2O decomposition over Ru-HNaUSY is stronger than Ru-NaZSM-5 because at the lower temperatures (<200°C) the desorption of oxygen is a rate-limiting step over the faujasite-based catalyst. The apparent activation energy for N2O decomposition in the absence of oxygen is much lower on Ru-HNaUSY (Ea: 46 kJ mol−1) than on Ru-NaZSM-5 (Ea: 220 kJ mol−1).
A novel dirhenium(III) complex with bridging picolinate and methoxide ligands from the reaction between cis-Re2(μ-O2CCH3)2Cl4(H2O)2 and picolinic acid

Abstract The reaction of cis-Re2(μ-O2CCH3)2Cl4(H2O)2 with picolinic acid (Hpic) affords either the diamagnetic, metal–metal bonded, dirhenium(III) complex Re2(μ-OMe)(μ:η2-pic)(η2-pic)3Cl (1) or the mononuclear rhenium(V) complex ReO(η2-pic)2Cl (2), depending on whether mixed methanol/ethanol or acetone/ethanol solvent mixtures are used. The structures of 1 and 2 have been established by X-ray crystallography. Complex 1 is unusual in having a bridging methoxide and bridging picolinate ligand in an edge-sharing bioctahedral structure in which the Re–Re bond distance of 2.4588(4) A is unusually short for what is a formal Re–Re double bond.
Integraph solution of differential equations

Abstract In a previous article 1 a continuously recording integraph was described, by means of which differential equations, involving only one integration, could be solved. The present article describes a revision of this machine such that an equation involving two successive integrations, corresponding to practically any second-order total differential equation, with all terminal conditions included, can be solved. The need for a workable means of solving the differential equations involving empirical and discontinuous coefficients which occur repeatedly in electrical engineering and physics is recalled. In the machine described such solutions are effected by means of suitable interlinked integrating devices, the result being plotted continuously as a function of the independent variable. Tests and simple solutions show the over-all error to be approximately 1 or 2 per cent. The various sources of this error are discussed.
Latency/area analysis and optimization of asynchronous nanowire reconfigurable crossbar system

Abstract With continued scaling of complementary metal-oxide-silicon (CMOS) technology, numerous challenges have arisen making it difficult to progress with. These challenges include the increase of integrated circuit complexity, non-recoverable expenses, frequency and power density. Nanotechnologies are expected to take the forefront of continuing the technological revolution. In this work, a novel model-based latency/area analysis and optimization method for the newly proposed Asynchronous Nanowire Reconfigurable Crossbar Architecture (ANRCA) is presented and validated. ANRCA is based on a self-timed logic referred to as the Null Convention Logic (NCL). There is no global clocking and clock distribution network, all failure modes related to timing will be either eliminated or relaxed. The proposed architecture is anticipated to have higher manufacturability and robustness that are critical factors in nanoscale systems due to the nondeterministic nature of nanoassemblies and also suitable computing frameworks for asynchronous nanoscale communication networks. In order to facilitate efficient programming and flexible reconfiguration, a new hierarchical reconfigurable architecture for ANRCA is also proposed. Various configurable logic block structures have been considered and also their programming and reconfiguration issues are discussed. The proposed measurement and optimization method can be used to estimate area and latency measurements for different configurable logic blocks and also applied to find the optimal structure for the given arbitrary logic to map.
Numa Pompilius and the Idea of Civil Religion in the West

From the end of the Roman Republic to the French Revolution Numa Pompilius, the legendary second king of Rome, was a recurrent figure in writing about religion and the social order. In the first century B.C.E. he was celebrated for using religion to civilize the early Romans and became a symbol of the gods' favor to the Roman state. Latin Church fathers subsequently denigrated him as the personification of the socio-religious system they were bent on overthrowing. After the triumph of Christianity his legacy ceased to be of concern, and in due course humanist intellectuals began to make him an object of admiration again. From the Renaissance on he exemplified the effective use of religion to mold nations. Although a number of texts that deal with Numa have received scholarly scrutiny, the trajectory of his literary afterlife has never been traced. This amounts to a prehistory of the modern idea of civil religion-an idea that, for all its familiarity, has remained ill defined and of uncertain provenance.
Sedimentation Rates in Flow-Restricted and Restored Salt Marshes in Long Island Sound

Many salt marshes in densely populated areas have been subjected to a reduction in tidal flow. In order to assess the impact of tidal flow restriction on marsh sedimentation processes, sediment cores were collected from flow-restricted restricted salt marshes along the Connecticut coast of Long Island Sound. Cores were also collected from unrestricted reference marshes and from a marsh that had been previously restricted but was restored to fuller tidal flushing in the 1970's. High bulk densities and low C and N concentrations were found at depth in the restricted marsh cores, which we attribute to a period of organic matter oxidation, sediment compaction, and marsh surface subsidence upon installation of flow restrictions (between 100 and 200 years before the present, depending on the marsh). Recent sedimentation rates at the restricted marshes (as determined by137Cs and210Pb dating) were positive and averaged 78% (137Cs) and 50% (210Pb) of reference marsh sedimentation rates. The accumulation of inorganic sediment was similar at the restricted and reference marshes, perhaps because of the seasonal operation of the tide gates, while organic sediment accretion (and pore space) was significantly lower in the restricted marshes, perhaps because of higher decomposition rates. Sedimentation rates at the restored marsh were significantly higher than at the reference marshes. This marsh has responded to the higher water levels resulting from restoration by a rapid increase in marsh surface elevation.
Plasma diagnostics during laser ablation in a cavity

Abstract The formation of a laser-induced plasma in a cavity and the effects of a cavity on the ablation process were investigated. Cavities were fabricated in fused silica with equal depths and variable diameters to provide aspect ratios (depth/diameter) of 1, 3 and 6. The temperature and electron number density of the pulsed laser-induced plasma in the cavities were determined from spectroscopic measurements. Reflection and confinement effects by the cavity walls and plasma shielding were discussed to explain increased temperature and electron number density with increasing cavity aspect ratio. The temporal variations of the plasma temperature and electron number density sharply decreased inside the cavity. An adiabatic expansion model was not suitable for the laser-induced plasma in the cavity because plasma wall interactions were not included. Properties of laser-induced plasmas in the cavities and on a flat surface were compared.
The influence of shock-pulse shape on the structure/property behavior of copper and 316 L austenitic stainless steel

Abstract The mechanical response of copper (Cu) and 316 L austenitic stainless steel (SS) shock loaded to 6.6 GPa in both square-topped and triangular pulse wave configurations has been investigated in compression at room temperature. The microstructure and substructure evolution due to shock pre-straining has been characterized using optical metallography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both Cu and 316 L SS following shock pre-straining exhibit an increase in yield stress. There is, however, a difference in the yield stress measured in Cu samples shocked with a triangular-shaped “Taylor wave-like” pulse versus with a square-top wave; Cu samples shocked with the “Taylor wave-like” pulse shape exhibit a 10% higher yield stress than Cu samples shocked with square-topped wave. Yield stresses for both 316 L shocked with the “Taylor wave-like” and square-topped waves are essentially the same. Cu samples shocked with a triangular-shaped “Taylor wave-like” pulse show subtle microstructural differences to those shocked with a square-top shaped shock pulse loading. In addition, low temperature resistivity measurements also showed differences. Triangular wave shocked samples exhibited the highest resistivity at 4 K indicating the highest defect (point and dislocation) formation in copper samples. TEM examinations of copper samples revealed a change in the microstructure after quasi-statically straining (10−3 s−1) to 5% plastic strain as compared to that observed in shocked samples (shocked with square-topped and triangular shaped waves) even though the microstructure consists of only dislocation cells. TEM examinations of 316 L SS revealed similar microstructural evolution in all 316 L SS samples: 5% quasi-statically strained, square-top wave and triangular-shaped “Taylor wave-like” shock pre-strained samples, consisting of dislocations, planar slip and twins; however, the amount of twinning appeared higher in the shocked samples.
Graphical model for state estimation in electric power systems

This paper is motivated by major needs for fast and accurate on-line state estimation (SE) in the emerging electric energy systems, due to recent penetration of distributed green energy, distributed intelligence, and plug-in electric vehicles. Different from the traditional deterministic approach, this paper uses a probabilistic graphical model to account for these new uncertainties by efficient distributed state estimation. The proposed graphical model is able to discover and analyze unstructured information and it has been successfully deployed in statistical physics, computer vision, error control coding, and artificial intelligence. Specifically, this paper shows how to model the traditional power system state estimation problem in a probabilistic manner. Mature graphical model inference tools, such as belief propagation and variational belief propagation, are subsequently applied. Simulation results demonstrate better performance of SE over the traditional deterministic approach in terms of accuracy and computational time. Notably, the near-linear computational time of the proposed approach enables the scalability of state estimation which is crucial in the operation of future large-scale smart grid.
Epidemics, racial anxiety and community formation: Chinese Americans in San Francisco

Immigration adaptation and race relations in the United States began receiving a great deal of scholarly attention early in the twentieth century, primarily in response to the arrival of large numbers of newcomers from eastern and southern Europe. The pre-eminent theory has been sociologist Robert Park's (1950) ‘race relations’ cycle, which posits that immigrants and racial minorities initially clashed with natives over cultural values and norms, but over time, adapt and are eventually absorbed into the mainstream society. This four-part cycle of contact, competition, accommodation and assimilation, according to Park, is ‘progressive and irreversible’. Unlike European Americans, however, the Chinese American experience in the United States has never been a consistent trajectory toward progressive and irreversible acceptance and assimilation.
Giardia lamblia RNA cap guanine-N2 methyltransferase (Tgs2).

Abstract Tgs1 is the enzyme responsible for converting 7-methylguanosine RNA caps to the 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap structures of small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs. Whereas budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe encode a single Tgs1 protein, the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia encodes two paralogs, Tgs1 and Tgs2. Here we show that purified Tgs2 is a monomeric enzyme that catalyzes methyl transfer from AdoMet (Km of 6 μm) to m7GDP (Km of 65 μm; kcat of 14 min–1) to form m2,7GDP. Tgs2 also methylates m7GTP (Km of 30 μm; kcat of 13 min–1) and m7GpppA (Km of 7 μm; kcat) of 14 min–1 but is unreactive with GDP, GTP, GpppA, ATP, CTP, or UTP. We find that the conserved residues Asp-68, Glu-91, and Trp-143 are essential for Tgs2 methyltransferase activity in vitro. The m2,7GDP product formed by Tgs2 can be converted to m2,2,7GDP by S. pombe Tgs1 in the presence of excess AdoMet. However, Giardia Tgs2 itself is apparently unable to add a second methyl group at guanine-N2. This result implies that 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine caps in Giardia are either synthesized by Tgs1 alone or by the sequential action of Tgs2 and Tgs1. The specificity of Tgs2 raises the prospect that some Giardia mRNAs might contain dimethylguanosine caps.
Smooth muscle aldolase C-bound inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate studied in vitro under physiological conditions.

Abstract Our goal was to quantitate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) binding to aldolase C tetramer (aldolase4) and its displacement by inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4)P3) under conditions which approximated the in vivo state. Anions were found to have major effects. Decreasing [KCl] from 100 to 10 mM, at 0°C and pH 7.0, increased maximal Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding to 1.0 to 2.4 mol per mol aldolase4. At 10 and 30 mEq/l [Cl−], an additional high affinity site was detected (Kds=0.43 and 0.86 μM, respectively). Increasing concentrations of other anions (SO2−4, propanoate−, HCO−3, acetate−) also inhibited binding, but effects would be minimal at concentrations of these anions present in the cytoplasm of living cells. Ins(1,3,4)P3 displacement of aldolase C-bound Ins(1,4,5)P3 was sensitive to [Cl−]; at 30 mEq/l [Cl−] and 37°C, Ins(1,3,4)P3 released 20% of bound Ins(1,4,5)P3 at concentrations of 100 nM. Changing temperature from 0° to 37°C increased Kds for Ins(1,4,5)P3binding. Changes in free [Ca2+], [Mg2+], [Na+] and [K+] and changes in osmolality had no effect on Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding to aldolase C. In vivo Ins(1,4,5)P3–aldolase4 binding at 30 mEq/l [Cl−] and 37°C were calculated for different [Ins(1,4,5)P3]free over the range 0.2 to 1.0 μM. For different cytoplasmic [Ins(1,4,5)P3]free, Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding to aldolase4 was sufficient, if acutely released, to nearly double cytoplasmic [Ins(1,4,5)P3]free. We proposed a schema whereby release of aldolase C-bound Ins(1,4,5)P3 evoked by Ins(1,3,4)P3 amplifies effects of phospholipase C-formed Ins(1,4,5)P3.
COMPOSITIONAL DETERMINATION OF SPUTTERED TANTALUM--ALUMINUM THIN FILMS.

Tantalum–aluminum thin film composition has been determined destructively by atomic absorption and nondestructively by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Samples representing several compositions (20–80 at.% aluminum) and thicknesses (500–6000 A) were sputtered on glass, graphite, and platinum substrates. The films were dissolved from the platinum substrates for the determination of aluminum by atomic absorption. The weights of tantalum per unit area obtained by difference using this destructive technique were applied to the same samples on glass substrates for correlation with nondestructive x-ray fluorescence measurements. A linear curve, which is free from enhancement and absorption effects, is obtained for tantalum. This curve relates the nondestructive fluorescence intensities to film weights (μg/cm2) of tantalum. The composition of the film is determined nondestructively by utilizing this curve and the total film weight which is obtained by weighing the substrate before and after sputtering. Alternately, composition may be determined destructively by atomic absorption utilizing films dissolved from platinum substrates.
Agreement between self-reported birth weight and birth certificate weights.

Birth weight is emerging as a potentially important risk factor for several chronic diseases with adult onset, including breast cancer. Because participant recall is frequently used to gather data on early life exposures, it is essential that the accuracy of recall be assessed and validated. Self-reported birth weights and birth certificate weights were compared in women aged 35–51 years from the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) Study, a population-based case–control study. A total of 180 participants had both birth certificate and interview data on birth weight. Participants reported birth weight to one of six categories ( 10 lbs). The Spearman correlation for self-reported and birth certificate weights was 0.67. Sixty percent of participants reported weights with exact agreement with birth certificate; unweighted and weighted kappas ( κ ) were 0.39 and 0.68, respectively. Spearman correlations were similar for cases (0.67) and controls (0.68). Controls exhibited a significantly higher unweighted κ (0.51) than cases (0.27; P = 0.03), but weighted κ were not statistically different [controls, 0.73; cases, 0.64 ( P = 0.32)]. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were not different between participants who underreported, overreported, or correctly reported their birth weight for either cases or controls. Overall, the level of agreement for report of birth weight and actual birth weight was fair to moderate.
Excitation of Leg motor neurons by giant interneurons in the cockroachPeriplaneta americana

1. Giant interneurons (GI's) of the cockroachPeriplaneta americana were stimulated intracellularly while levator and depressor motor axons of the metathoracic leg were recorded extracellularly. The intracellular stimulus was a train of pulses, each of which evoked one GI action potential. The resultant burst of GI action potentials resembled that elicited by natural stimulation. The GI was identified by Procion Yellow iontophoresis. The motor axons were identified by spike height analysis. 2. Six of the seven identifiable GI's on each side have been studied. Four of these evoked trains of action potentials in the ipsilateral motor axons (Figs. 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9). Two GI's excited contralateral motor axons (Fig. 5). 3. Each GI evoked a characteristic and reproduceable response. 4. Increasing the pulse frequency or train duration of the intracellular stimulus leads to an increase in the number of action potentials evoked. 5. The giant-to-motor response persists, and sometimes increases, following decapitation (Fig. 11). 6. The responses of the motor neurons to each GI, and known responses of each GI to different wind directions, permitted predictions of the response of the motor neurons to different wind directions. These predictions were born out in experiments using controlled wind puffs (Figs. 12 and 13). 7. The results are discussed in relation to the responses of each GI to wind puffs of different directions, and the leg movements which these puffs elicit.
ConcJUnit: unit testing for concurrent programs

In test-driven development, tests are written for each program unit before the code is written, ensuring that the code has a comprehensive unit testing harness. Unfortunately, unit testing is much less effective for concurrent programs than for conventional sequential programs, partly because extant unit testing frameworks provide little help in addressing the challenges of testing concurrent code. In this paper, we present ConcJUnit, an extension of the popular unit testing framework JUnit that simplifies the task of writing tests for concurrent programs by handling uncaught exceptions and failed assertions in all threads, and by detecting child threads that were not forced to terminate before the main thread ends.
Second-order quadrupolar echo in solids

Echoes have been observed in an NMR experiment on isolated $^{11}\mathrm{B}$ nuclei in a Si matrix which arise from a refocusing of the second-order quadrupolar interaction. The quadrupolar couplings are so large that only the central transition is excited. A theoretical treatment using fictitious spin-1/2 operators is presented which shows that the fictitious secular part of the interaction is responsible for the echo formation. The decay of the echo train is caused by the fictitious nonsecular terms.
Heat transfer to the transpired turbulent boundary layer

This paper contains a summarization of five years work on an investigation on heat transfer to the transpired turbulent boundary layer. Experimental results are presented for friction coefficient and Stanton number over a wide range of blowing and suction for the case of constant free-stream velocity, holding certain blowing parameters constant. The problem of the accelerated turbulent boundary layer with transpiration is considered, experimental data are presented and discussed, and theoretical models for solution of the momentum equation under these conditions are presented. Data on turbulent Prandtl number are presented so that solutions to the energy equation may be obtained. Some examples of boundary layer heat transfer and friction coefficient predictions are presented using one of the models discussed, employing a finite difference solution method.
MASS TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BY SMALL FLOW OBSTACLES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

Mass transfer enhancement by small obstacles attached to the cathode in electrolytic flow cells of 5x5 mm cross-section and 500 mm length was investigated. Double beam laser interferometry was used to observe the local mass transfer boundary layer thicknesses preceding and following rod-shaped dielectric obstacles placed normal to the direction of electrolyte flow. Flow patterns have been visualized by use of suspensions of small inert particles and dark field photography. For the evaluation of the effectiveness of mass transport enhancement, pressure drops, and limiting currents for the reduction of ferricyanide have been measured in the range of Reynolds Number 80 to 3200. The degree of enhancement increases with decreasing obstacle spacing until an optimal spacing of approximately 15 times the obstacle size is reached. A three to five-fold increase in the average mass transfer coefficient is achieved by the use of obstacles with a small fraction of the pumping power required to obtain the same limiting...
Afterthoughts on the Indian cinema centenary

This dossier approaches the centenary as a field of historicization that calls for economic, affective, material and ideological investments in cinema's present and future. In turn, the four essays collected here show how, as a memory practice, this latest centenary—one of many—is caught up in systems of retrieval that reimagine the contemporary, globalized nation through a nostalgically remembered filmic past.
ENZYME SYSTEMS IN TETRAHYMENA GELEII S : I. ANAEROBIC DEHYDROGENASES CONCERNED WITH CARBOHYDRATE OXIDATION

The rates of activity of the dehydrogenase systems in Tetrahymena, which are concerned with carbohydrate oxidation, in descending order of activity are: lactic > isocitric > succinic = glucose > glucose-6-phosphate = 6-phosphogluconic = malic > glutamic = cytochrome linked α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. No evidence was obtained to indicate the presence of DPN linked α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.
Nanoscale-twinning-induced strengthening in austenitic stainless steel thin films

Magnetron-sputter-deposited austenitic 330 stainless steel (330 SS) films, several microns thick, were found to have a hardness ∼6.5 GPa, about an order of magnitude higher than bulk 330 SS. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that sputtered 330 SS coatings are heavily twinned on {111} with nanometer scale twin spacing. Molecular dynamics simulations show that, in the nanometer regime where plasticity is controlled by the motion of single rather than pile-ups of dislocations, twin boundaries are very strong obstacles to slip. These observations provide a new perspective to producing ultrahigh strength monolithic metals by utilizing growth twins with nanometer-scale spacing.
Differences in Patient Ratings of Medical Home Domains Among Adults With Diabetes Comparisons Across Primary Care Sites

Background: There is growing and sustained recognition that Patient-Centered Medical Homes (PCMHs) represent a viable approach to dealing with the fragmentation of care faced by many individuals, i...
Temporally resolved species measurements in a flickering AIR-diluted, non-premixed natural gas flame by extractive sampling of flame gases and fourier transform ir analysis

Spatially and temporally resolved concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, andacetylene are presented for a 10 Hz, acoustically forced, air-diluted natural gas flame with a fuel mixture equivalence ratio of 3.3. Samples were withdrawn from the flame using a modified quartz microprobe designed to minimize dead volume in the probe during the sampling event. Valve opening and closing were synchronized to the forcing waveform. Extracted gases were analyzed using on-line Fourier transform IR spectrometry. Concentrations were determined using a combination of singular value decomposition matrix techniques and fitting of rotational line sequences. In both techniques, samples were calibrated using data collected in a well-characterized methane/air diffusion flame supported on a Wolfhard-Parker slot burner. Because these four species comprise most of the carbon in the flame, their concentrations can be used to estimate the mass fraction of carbon and thus mixture fraction. Contour maps of all four species and mixture fraction are presented.
A general model for the multiple target correlation and tracking problem

This paper presents a Bayesian model which is a unifying extension of many of the approaches to tracking multiple targets in clutter, when multiple sensors may also be present. The total number of potential targets dealt with in this problem is assumed in general to be finite. One of the results shown here connects this approach to the infinite target set Poisson arrival approach. Stochastic processes used in the model include target initialization and termination times, trajectories with maneuvers or types of motion changes, clutter, one time step Markovian detections, and measurements, including non-geolocation attributes. A number of analytic expressions is obtained for the posterior distribution of various parameters of interest, including present target sets, target initialization and termination times, number of targets present, and number of new targets present. Other results are more complicated in form and serve to indicate the inherent difficulties present in the problem.
Beyond Metastatic Disease: A Pictorial Review of Multinodular Lung Disease With Computed Tomographic Pathologic Correlation

Multinodular lung disease is routinely encountered on chest computed tomography (CT). Pulmonary nodules may be categorized as perilymphatic, random, or centrilobular, based on their CT distribution. Recognition of the pattern of distribution allows the differential diagnosis to be narrowed to a few common diseases. This review illustrates the CT appearance and provides a practical differential diagnosis of each pattern of nodules.
Size-range analysis of diesel soot with ultra-small angle X-ray scattering

Carbonaceous soot produced in a small diesel engine test facility was investigated with ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering. Three soot samples produced using a reference diesel fuel and the reference fuel plus two oxygenate additives were investigated. The presence of objects at three typical size ranges, i.e., aggregates, primary particles, and subunits, was observed. By studying soot powders and pellets from pressed powder, a separation of scattering contributions from aggregates and primary particles was possible. The scattering curves of soot from oxygenated diesel show significant differences between samples obtained under idle and load conditions. Soot from regular diesel fuel did not show such differences.
Emulsion Copolymerization of Vegetable Oil Macromonomers Possessing both Acrylic and Allylic Functionalities

Summary: A soybean oil-based vegetable oil macromonomer (VOMM) was incorporated as a comonomer into an all-acrylic copolymer via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. Structurally, VOMMs are comprised of long hydrocarbon fatty acid moieties with allylic double bonds which enable auto-oxidative crosslinking at ambient temperature. VOMMs facilitate low temperature film formation and the fatty acid chains tethered to the polymer backbone auto-oxidize upon film formation to yield crosslinked films. Latexes with varying VOMM levels were synthesized to elucidate the effect of VOMMs on the pre-cure and post-cure glass transition temperature (Tg) and minimum film formation temperature (MFT). Thermoplastic control latexes (without VOMM) were also synthesized via copolymerization of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate. This paper details the characterization performed to validate and quantify the VOMM allylic unsaturation retention before, during, and after polymerization, and to quantify and confirm the increase in Tg resulting from auto-oxidative crosslinking via solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.
Probing molecular dynamics at attosecond resolution with femtosecond laser pulses.

The kinetic energy distribution of ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$ ions resulting from the interaction of a femtosecond laser pulse with ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ molecules is calculated based on the rescattering model. From analyzing the molecular dynamics, it is shown that the recollision time between the ionized electron and the $\mathrm{D}_{2}{}^{+}$ ion can be read from the ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$ kinetic energy peaks to attosecond accuracy. We further suggest that a more precise reading of the clock can be achieved by using shorter fs laser pulses (about 15 fs).
Design of dual-purpose membrane desalination systems

Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane plants are used extensively for brackish water desalination and industrial water purification. The operating range of RO plants is 60–80% product water recovery depending on the quality of raw water and feed water pretreatment. Typically, these plants operate at 75% recovery. The disposal of RO reject streams (20–40% of plant feed water) containing high concentration of salts is becoming an environmental problem. To reduce brine disposal costs and to increase product water recovery, several high-recovery energy-efficient membrane processes were analyzed. Generally speaking, a balance is required between brine volume reduction, capital and operating costs, energy consumption, and process simplicity. The analyses showed that up to 90% product water recovery can be achieved for low to medium brackish feed waters using RO/NF membrane systems with minimal feed water chemical pretreatment. The benefits of hybrid membrane systems integrated with fuel cell alternate energy systems are discussed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
N-best maximal decoders for part models

We describe a method for generating N-best configurations from part-based models, ensuring that they do not overlap according to some user-provided definition of overlap. We extend previous N-best algorithms from the speech community to incorporate non-maximal suppression cues, such that pixel-shifted copies of a single configuration are not returned. We use approximate algorithms that perform nearly identical to their exact counterparts, but are orders of magnitude faster. Our approach outperforms standard methods for generating multiple object configurations in an image. We use our method to generate multiple pose hypotheses for the problem of human pose estimation from video sequences. We present quantitative results that demonstrate that our framework significantly improves the accuracy of a state-of-the-art pose estimation algorithm.