cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The in vitro effects of alkanes, alcohols, and ketones on rat lung cytochrome P450-dependent alkoxyphenoxazone dealkylase activities.

The sensitivities of cytochrome P450 (EC 1.14.14.1)-dependent benzyloxy- and ethoxyphenoxazone dealkylase (BzOPh'ase and EtOPh'ase, respectively) activities towards a series of aliphatic hydrocarbons were measured in the microsomal fraction of lung obtained from β-naphthoflavone-treated rats. The unsubstituted hydrocarbons were straight-chain (n-hexane through n-undecane) and branch-chain (eight carbons). The substituted compounds were alcohols and ketones of hexane and octane. The data are expressed as I50 values, i.e. the hydrocarbon concentration required to cause 50% decrease in the rate of enzymecatalyzed product (resorufin) formation. The unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbons exhibited I50 values towards BzOPh'ase from 0.76 μM (2,5-dimethylhexane) to 8.8 μM (n-hexane). The lung EtOPh'ase activity was insensitive to-wards the tested unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbons. When the alcohols and ketones of hexane and octane were tested against lung BzOPh'ase activity, I50 values ranged from 16 μM (1-octanol) to 4.8 mM (2,5-hexanedione). Lung EtOPh'ase activity exhibited some sensitivity towards the alcohols and ketones, and I50 values ranged from 0.52 mM (4-octanol) to 40.5 mM (2-hexanol). The data show rat lung BzOPh'ase and EtOPh'ase activites are differentially sensitive towards the selected unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbons and corresponding alcohols and ketones. The difference in sensitivities may reflect different requirements for an adventitious interaction between a hydrocarbon and enzyme active site.
On the strength of Gomory mixed-integer cuts as group cuts

Gomory mixed-integer (GMI) cuts generated from optimal simplex tableaus are known to be useful in solving mixed-integer programs. Further, it is well-known that GMI cuts can be derived from facets of Gomory’s master cyclic group polyhedron and its mixed-integer extension studied by Gomory and Johnson. In this paper we examine why cutting planes derived from other facets of master cyclic group polyhedra (group cuts) do not seem to be as useful when used in conjunction with GMI cuts. For many practical problem instances, we numerically show that once GMI cuts from different rows of the optimal simplex tableau are added to the formulation, all other group cuts from the same tableau rows are satisfied.
Revised Huang-Yang multipolar pseudopotential

A number of authors have recently pointed out inconsistencies of results obtained with the Huang-Yang multipolar pseudopotential for low-energy scattering [K. Huang and K. C. Yang, Phys. Rev. 105, 767 (1957); later revised by Huang, Statistical Mechanics (Wiley, New York, 1963)]. The conceptual validity of their original derivation has been questioned. Here I show that these inconsistencies are rather due to an algebraic mistake made by Huang and Yang. With the corrected error, I present the revised version of the multipolar pseudopotential.
A Taxonomy for Design Requirements from Corporate Customers

We have developed a taxonomy that classifies those needs of a corporation that impact product design. We call these needs corporate requirements. In contrast to the consumer or end-user requirements, corporate requirements come from internal sources such as marketing, finance, manufacturing, and service. This taxonomy allows for an organized method of gathering, managing, and retrieving the requirements. The taxonomy also helps to facilitate a broader, clearer form of Quality Function Deployment. Generic in nature, this taxonomy provides a template with which to create taxonomies for a given product within a given company or industry. We include an industrial case study to demonstrate this concept.
Semi-free Zp-actions on highly-connected manifolds

O. Introduction In this paper we study semi-free cyclic group actions on highly-connected manifolds whose dimensions are a multiple of 4. The actions we consider are required to induce the identity map on homology, and to have fixed-point sets either a union of isolated points or a highly-connected submanifold. We consider both smooth and piecewise-linear actions. There are two basic problems in the study of such actions- when they exist and what they look like. We attack these problems in three stages: First, we construct specific examples of manifolds with actions on them. Second we show that a salient characteristic of these actions holds generally, so that any action resembles one we construct. Third, we show how to modify specific actions in order to obtain actions in great generality. More specifically, we proceed as follows: In Chapter I we construct actions on highly-connected manifolds via an equivariant plumbing technique. That is, we first construct bundles with actions on them, and then plumb them together respecting the actions. In order to use this technique to construct actions with isolated fixed points, we must first find a basis for the middle-dimensional homology with respect to which the cupproduct form has a matrix of a certain type. An algebraic argument shows one always exists. Its existence also helps in constructing actions with positivedimensional fixed-point sets. By construction, these actions have invariant spheres forming a basis for the middle-dimensional homology. In Chapter II we show that such invariant spheres always exist for cyclic group actions which have isolated fixed points and act trivially on homology. (Although the specific calculations are for oddorder groups, the same proof works for arbitrary cyclic groups.) Thus the actions we construct differ from those in the general case only in that we begin with linear actions on normal bundles to these spheres, rather than on arbitrary PL actions on regular neighborhoods of these spheres. Chapter III is devoted to showing how to modify actions (such as, but by no means only, those constructed in Chapter I) to obtain new actions on new manifolds. Here the group actions we consider are those of cyclic groups of
Perceptions of Mobile Phones in College Classrooms: Ringing, Cheating, and Classroom Policies

The purpose of this study was to explore some of the challenges associated with mobile phones in college classrooms. A sample of faculty and students was surveyed to assess the extent to which the technology is considered a serious source of distraction in the classroom, concerns about use of the technology for cheating, and attitudes about policies restricting it from ringing and being used during class. Collectively, participants reported strong perceptions of ringing as a problem and support for formal policies restricting mobile phones in college classrooms. Faculty/student status was not related to any of the attitude measures, but age consistently was—younger participants reported more tolerant attitudes. The discussion offers interpretation of the findings and avenues for future research.
The concept of vulnerability in disaster research

The concept of vulnerability in research derives from a specific set of historical circumstances relating to abuses in biomedical research. Now so many people and groups have been labeled vulnerable that the concept has lost much of its force. In disaster research, participants should not be automatically considered vulnerable unless they are legally designated as such, for example, children. Instead specific aspects of the research should be thoroughly examined. Examples are the potential for the participants to be pressured to participate in several protocols, political or social turmoil surrounding the disaster, and cognitive impairments or mental health problems. In addition to a careful consent process, there should be procedures in place to provide assistance to participants who experience serious distress.
Facing Immigration Fears: A Constructive Local Approach to Day Labor, Community, and Integration

As one of the most visible and vulnerable manifestations of the presence of Latino immigrants in “new destination” communities across the United States, day laborers have become a locus of conflict over the past fifteen years for local policy makers, advocacy organizations, and neighborhood residents. Communities have dealt with day labor in drastically different ways. Some have passed harsh anti-immigrant ordinances, hoping that a hostile environment will encourage immigrants to leave. Restrictionist state and local legislation, however, has proven costly to enforce, has been challenged in court, and has hindered immigrant integration. Other communities have gone against the restrictionist tide. This paper argues that organized day labor centers, such as the El Sol Resource Center in Jupiter, Florida address many of the fundamental fears that polarize local policymaking and the national immigration reform debate. In Jupiter, El Sol has not only eliminated a controversial open-air labor market by bringing the process into a formal and organized structure, it has also provided access to English and civics classes, preventive health screenings and legal services in cases of wage theft. Furthermore, through El Sol the Town of Jupiter has opened a two-way process of immigrant integration. Jupiter’s day laborers are no longer “hiding in the shadows”, but rather are engaging in active citizenship and working with native-born community volunteers to run the center.
Brain plasticity, learning, and developmental disabilities.

This is a time of significant gains in methodological development for examining the developing human brain. New efforts are underway to unify the understanding of the development of brain anatomy with physiological, cellular and molecular processes that influence behavioral development. This special issue provides animal models of behavior and brain development, applications of noninvasive imaging and genetic methods to human brain development and behavior, and select reviews of how these models and methods have been applied to the examination of developmental disabilities. This issue reflects a sampling of current approaches to the study of brain plasticity, development and learning in typically and atypically developing humans and animals.
Single proton knock-out reactions from F 24 , 25 , 26

The cross sections of the single proton knock-out reactions from $^{24}\mathrm{F}$, $^{25}\mathrm{F}$, and $^{26}\mathrm{F}$ on a $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ target were measured at energies of about $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{MeV}∕\text{nucleon}$. Ground state populations of $6.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mb}$, $3.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mb}$ for the reactions $^{12}\mathrm{C}(^{24}\mathrm{F},^{23}\mathrm{O})$ and $^{12}\mathrm{C}(^{25}\mathrm{F},^{24}\mathrm{O})$ were extracted, respectively. The data were compared to calculations based on the many-body shell model and the eikonal theory. In the reaction $^{12}\mathrm{C}(^{26}\mathrm{F},^{25}\mathrm{O})$ the particle instability of $^{25}\mathrm{O}$ was confirmed.
Laminar free-surface flow into a vertical cylinder

Abstract This study concerns the unsteady free-surface flow of a Newtonian fluid issuing vertically upwards from a tube in the base of a vertical cylindrical cavity. Experimental and numerical results are presented and discussed. The experiments involve a photographic procedure for measuring point velocities and surface profiles in an unsteady velocity field. Numerically, a marker-and-cell technique is used in conjunction with a Dufort-Frankel finite-difference approximation for solving the Navier-Stokes equation in two-dimensional cylindrical coordinates. It is found that the numerical solutions are generally stable for large values of the time step in spite of high fluid viscosities. Good agreement is obtained between the numerical and experimental results.
Obstacles for rural American Indians seeking alcohol, drug, or mental health treatment.

The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with 4 clusters of obstacles (self-reliance, privacy issues, quality of care, and communication and trust) to mental health and substance abuse treatment in 3 treatment sectors for residents of 3 reservations in the United States. Participants (N 3,084) disclosed whether they had sought treatment for emotional, drug, or alcohol problems in the past year and, if so, whether they had faced obstacles in obtaining care from Indian Health Services, tribal services, and other public or private systems. Correlates of these obstacles included negative social support, instrumental social support, utility of counselors, utility of family doctors, treatment sector, treatment type, diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, and tribe.
Patterning via optical saturable transitions--fabrication and characterization.

This protocol describes the fabrication and characterization of nanostructures using a novel nanolithographic technique called Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions (POST). In this technique the chemical properties of organic photochromic molecules that undergo single-photon reactions are exploited, enabling rapid top-down nanopatterning over large areas at low light intensities, thereby, allowing for the circumvention of the far-field diffraction barrier.4 Simple, cost-effective, high throughput and resolution alternatives to nanopatterning are being explored, such as, two-photon polymerization5,6, beam pen lithography (BPL)7, scanning electron beam lithography (SEBL), and focused ion beam (FIB) patterning. However, multi-photon approaches require high light intensities, which limit their potential for high throughput and offer low image contrast. Although, electron and ion beam lithographic processes offer increased resolution, the serial nature of the process is limited to slow writing speeds, which also prevents patterning of features over large areas. Beam-pen lithography is an approach towards parallel near-field optical lithography. However, the gap between the source of the beam and the surface of the photoresist needs to be controlled extremely precisely for good pattern uniformity and this is very challenging to accomplish for large arrays of beams. Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions (POST) is an alternative optical nanopatterning technique for patterning sub-wavelength features1-3. Since this technique uses single photons instead of electrons, it is extremely fast and does not require high light intensities1-3, opening the door to massive parallelization.
Use of transvaginal sonography prior to operative endoscopy

Transvaginal sonography has found increasing application in evaluating patients planned for endoscopic surgery. Over a 4-year period, from 1988-1992, 376 patients underwent endoscopic evaluation for pelvic pain, pelvic masses, infertility, abnormal bleeding, endometriosis, and suspected ectopic pregnancy. The study encompasses an initial retrospective and subsequent prospective study. The author performed transvaginal sonography in 49.7% of the patients in the preoperative evaluation. A prediction of the surgical findings based on pelvic examination alone and in combination with vaginal sonography was undertaken. Transvaginal sonography was far superior to pelvic examination with an overall sensitivity of 81% with a 98% specificity in predicting the abnormalities to be encountered. The author now uses transvaginal sonography routinely in the evaluation of patients preoperatively. Endoscopy has thus progressed from a diagnostic procedure to a confirmatory procedure with the anticipated operative procedure being more accurately predicted. This affords better scheduling of operating time, equipment, and personnel requirements. Also, informed consent in preoperative counseling is greatly enhanced in these women. The author recommends that physicians consider obtaining transvaginal sonography as an integral part of the preoperative evaluation of patients. As a result, the prediction of pathology encountered, counseling of patients, and the planning of the surgical procedure are greatly enhanced.
FEM solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for vortex shedding behind a cylinder: experiments with the four-node element

Results from three variations on a simple 4-node element (bilinear velocity and piecewise constant pressure) are compared with those from a higher order element (9-node biquadratic velocity and 4-node bilinear pressure) on the same problem and on the same grid. (GHT)
Comparing Effects of Carbohydrate (CHO) Blockers and Trivalent Chromium on CHO-Induced Insulin Resistance and Elevated Blood Pressure in Rats

Objective: In Sprague-Dawley rats (SD), we compared two categories of natural dietary supplements that influence carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism via different basic mechanisms to ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) and elevated blood pressure (BP) associated with heavy sugar/starch consumption. Two dietary supplements (bean extract and l-arabinose) are often referred to as carb blockers (CBs), because they slow the gastrointestinal absorption of CHO. Trivalent chromium (CR) falls into a group of so-called insulin sensitizers, because its major effect is to enhance peripheral insulin sensitivity. Method: We divided 48 mature male SD into 4 groups of 12. The first group received powdered baseline diet alone (Con). The remaining 3 SD groups (groups 2–4) ingested regular rat chow containing 20% w/w sucrose and 20% w/w rice starch. The second group received only this CHO-enriched chow. To the high-CHO diets of the remaining two groups, either CB to slow CHO absorption (CHO + CB) (group 3) or an insulin sensitizer...
Recent results from Tristan

Abstract We present results of tests of the standard model of electroweak interactions from the AMY, TOPAZ and VENUS detectors at TRISTAN operating at centre of mass energies up to 60.8 GeV. Measured asymmetries in e+e− → μ+μ−, τ+μ− and b b are consistent with the standard model. The hadronic event rate is higher than expected for Mz = 92 GeV/c2, but is consistent with the standard model with Mz = 88.5 GeV/c2, sin2Θw = 0.234, and Λ MS = 0.15 GeV .
Lymphocyte Responsiveness to Glucocorticoids, Cyclosporine, or Both

The reason why some patients with glomerular diseases respond to steroid treatment and others do not remains obscure, and it is not possible to prospectively evaluate the probability of response in individual patients. One factor that might contribute to the clinical response to treatment could be the relative sensitivity of a patient's immune system to the suppressive effects of steroids or other immunosuppressive agents. To evaluate this possibility, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 16 patients with various biopsy-proven glomerulopathies were cultured with prednisolone or methylprednisolone in final concentrations of 10(-5) to 10(-8) mol/L. From the dose-response curves, the concentration of steroid required to cause 50% inhibition (IC50) of the PHA-induced proliferative response was determined. The PBMC from 10 patients also were cultured with 400 ng/mL cyclosporine both alone and with 10(-7) mol/L steroid, and the inhibitory effects were calculated. There was considerable heterogeneity in the sensitivities of individual patients to steroid inhibition, and the mean +/- SEM IC50 was significantly lower for methylprednisolone than for prednisolone. Cyclosporine caused 50% or greater inhibition in 6 of the 10 patients but had < 10% inhibitory effect in 2 patients. In most patients studied, cyclosporine plus steroid was significantly more inhibitory than cyclosporine alone, but the combination was usually no more effective than 10(-7) mol/L methylprednisolone alone. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that differences in the sensitivity of individual patient's immune systems to the immunosuppressive effects of steroids and cyclosporine might contribute to differences in their clinical responsiveness to treatment.
Impacts of Saltwater Incursion on Plant Communities, Anaerobic Microbial Metabolism, and Resulting Relationships in a Restored Freshwater Wetland

Saltwater incursion carries high concentrations of sea salts, including sulfate, which can alter anaerobic microbial processes and plant community composition of coastal freshwater marshes. We studied these phenomena in a recently restored wetland on the coastal plain of North Carolina. We measured water inundation patterns, porewater chemistry, microbial process rates, plant tissue chemistry and iron plaque on plant roots, and quantified plant community composition across a hydrologic and salinity gradient to understand the potential interactions between saltwater incursion and changes in microbial processes and plant communities. Plant communities showed no obvious response to incursion, but were structured by inundation patterns and plant growth form (for example, graminoid versus forb). Saltwater incursion increased chloride and sulfate concentrations in surface and porewater, and drove resulting spatial patterns in anaerobic microbial metabolism rates. Plots experiencing saltwater incursion had higher sulfate reduction rates and were dominated by graminoid plant species (for example, sedges, rushes, and grasses). Graminoid plant species’ roots had greater iron plaque formation than forb and submerged species, indicative that graminoid plant species are supplying more oxygen to the rhizosphere, potentially influencing microbial metabolism. Future studies should focus on how plant and microbial communities may respond to saltwater incursion at different time scales, and on parsing out the influence that plants and microbes have on each other as freshwater wetlands experience sea level rise.
Single electron states in lateral surface superlattice

Abstract We have calculated the electronic properties of a two-dimensional (2D) lateral surface superlattice (LSSL) by using the split operator technique based on the solution of the time-dependent Scrodinger equation, and involving the propagation of the wave functions in the imaginary domain. The density of states show clear evidence of single electron states in the system. The transport characteristics are calculated in the linear response theory and compare well with recent experimental data.
Social search engine research

the social search engine, as the meaning of its name, combines the SNS (Social Network Service) and search engine. Its key point is not at social, but at the search engine. The system will use the SNS to help users to get their useful information quickly and accurately. This paper mainly introduces the value of social search engine, forecast and the problem may meet in the future.
Sam-Pointed Domain Containing Ets Transcription Factor in Luminal Breast Cancer Pathogenesis

We previously described frequent overexpression of Sam-pointed domain containing Ets transcription factor (SPDEF), also known as PDEF, in human breast cancer, and suggested a role for this transcription factor in breast tumor progression. To seek evidence in support of this hypothesis, the MCF-12A breast epithelial cell line was transfected with an SPDEF expression plasmid or with control vector plasmid and the transfected cells tested for their tumorigenic growth in vivo. The data showed that SPDEF expression in MCF-12A cells induced accelerated tumor growth in severe combined immune deficient mice compared with vector-transfected MCF-12A cells. Furthermore, Gene Expression Omnibus and Oncomine databases were mined to determine any correlation between SPDEF expression levels and clinical outcome. High SPDEF expression correlated with poor overall survival of patients with estrogen receptor+ breast cancer, in three independent data sets. In contrast, little correlation was observed between SPDEF expression and cancer relapse or remote metastases. SPDEF expression was further found to be restricted to tumors arising in the luminal epithelial lineage including estrogen receptor+ luminal subtype breast tumors, Her2/neu-positive tumors, and apocrine carcinomas. In contrast, little SPDEF expression was found in the basal subtype of breast tumors. Based on these results, we hypothesize that SPDEF has a function in the specification of the progenitor cells of the luminal epithelial lineage that become targets of oncogenesis in luminal breast cancer.
A novel mouse model of pediatric cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation reveals age-dependent neuronal sensitivities to ischemic injury.

Background Pediatric sudden cardiac arrest (CA) is an unfortunate and devastating condition, often leading to poor neurologic outcomes. However, little experimental data on the pathophysiology of pediatric CA is currently available due to the scarcity of animal models.
Blockade NF-κB Activation Prohibits TNF-α-induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Expression in ED27Trophoblast-like Cells

Among the many functions of trophoblast cells is the production of prostaglandins (PGs) for governing several fetoplacental vascular functions during gestation and the triggering of events leading to parturition. Recent evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factors (TNF-alpha) induce PG formation via cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a highly inducible enzyme whose gene is regulated at least in part by inducible transcription factor NF-kappaB. To examine the mechanism by which COX-2-driven PG biosynthesis occurs in trophoblast cells, we utilized the immortalized trophoblast-like cell line ED(27). These cells exhibit many of the properties of villous or extravillous trophoblasts and produce large amounts of PGs in response to TNF-alpha. We demonstrated that challenge of ED(27)cells with TNF-alpha caused binding of the NF-kappaB complex to its kappaB site followed by increased accumulation of COX-2 transcripts. In addition, the inhibitor of NF-kappaB, IkappaB-alpha, became phosphorylated and was rapidly degraded in cytokine-treated cells; this process was abolished by co-incubation with the proteasome inhibitor, MG-132. Finally, when cells were pre-incubated with MG-132 and then challenged with TNF-alpha, PG formation was attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner. These data indicate that, in ED(27)trophoblast-like cells isolated from the first-trimester placenta, TNF-alpha treatment leads to activation of NF-kappaB and subsequent transcription of the COX-2 gene.
Collision-induced dissociation mass spectra of cocaine, and its metabolites and pyrolysis products

As the first step in the development of a liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantitation of cocaine, its metabolites and its pyrolytic degradation products from biological matrices, the collision-induced dissociation of the protonated and selected deuterium-labeled species was studied. The fragment ions generated from the CID mass spectra were assigned and fragmentation mechanisms were proposed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minority Candidates, Media Framing, and Racial Cues in the 2004 Election:

Rooted in political communication models of framing and priming and a rather unique theory of appeals to racial authenticity, the authors examine minority candidates in both majority-minority and m...
Atypical myotonia congenita in a foal

SUMMARY Myotonia congenita is a rare congenital muscle disorder in horses characterized by myotonia, electromyographic changes, mild pathologic changes on muscle biopsy, and normal serum creatine kinase (CK) activity. In the foal described in this case report, exertional rhabdomyolysis and muscle fasciculations without characteristic electromyographic changes were initially found at 3 weeks of age. When the foal was evaluated at 6 months of age, typical electromyographic changes were present that were consistent with myotonia. However, the foal continued to have elevations in serum CK activity and had osseous deformation of the face. Myotonia, persistent elevations in CK activity, and facial dysmorphism are characteristic of Schwartz-Jampel syndrome of humans. A definitive diagnosis of Schwartz-Jampel syndrome, however, could not be made.
The contribution of Notch1 to nephron segmentation in the developing kidney is revealed in a sensitized Notch2 background and can be augmented by reducing Mint dosage

We previously determined that Notch2, and not Notch1, was required for forming proximal nephron segments. The dominance of Notch2 may be conserved in humans, since Notch2 mutations occur in Alagille syndrome (ALGS) 2 patients, which includes renal complications. To test whether mutations in Notch1 could increase the severity of renal complications in ALGS, we inactivated conditional Notch1 and Notch2 alleles in mice using a Six2-GFP::Cre. This BAC transgene is expressed mosaically in renal epithelial progenitors but uniformly in cells exiting the progenitor pool to undergo mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Although delaying Notch2 inactivation had a marginal effect on nephron numbers, it created a sensitized background in which the inactivation of Notch1 severely compromised nephron formation, function, and survival. These and additional observations indicate that Notch1 in concert with Notch2 contributes to the morphogenesis of renal vesicles into S-shaped bodies in a RBP-J-dependent manner. A significant implication is that elevating Notch1 activity could improve renal functions in ALGS2 patients. As proof of principle, we determined that conditional inactivation of Mint, an inhibitor of Notch-RBP-J interaction, resulted in a moderate rescue of Notch2 null kidneys, implying that temporal blockage of Notch signaling inhibitors downstream of receptor activation may have therapeutic benefits for ALGS patients.
Perioperative Coagulation Management in a Patient with Afibrinogenemia Undergoing Liver Transplantation

Afibrinogenemia is a rare hereditary coagulation disorder characterized by a propensity toward bleeding. A 21-year-old Hispanic woman with afibrinogenemia developed ascites, a distended abdomen, an enlarged liver, scleral icterus, and umbilical vein and abdominal wall vein distension. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed occlusion of the hepatic veins and the infrahepatic vena cava consistent with Budd-Chiari syndrome. These developments led to her evaluation for, and placement on, the liver transplantation waiting list. The patient's unmeasurable international normalized ratio (INR) artifactually increased her Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score to 40. Immediately before transplant surgery, an initial thrombelastogram (TEG) showed a flat line, indicating a complete lack of fibrin clot formation. Preoperatively, 20 units of cryoprecipitate were infused. The first intraoperative TEG demonstrated a tracing consistent with normal clot formation. Coagulation studies normalized with the newly functioning liver. The liver transplantation appears to have corrected the fibrinogen deficiency, presumably limiting the chance of recurrent Budd-Chiari syndrome. This case report discusses the essential role of fibrinogen in the coagulation cascade, as visualized by thrombelastography, and exposes the interplay between plasma fibrinogen and thrombin levels, which determine coagulation or fibrinolysis.
Forging and Sustaining Labor–Community Coalitions: The Workfare Justice Movement in Three Cities

This article examines the factors shaping the formation and longevity of labor–community coalitions through comparative case studies of campaigns for workfare justice in Los Angeles, Milwaukee, and New York. Interviews with organizational staff and leaders reveal that their decisions to form and sustain these coalitions were shaped by their collective identities, especially their commitment to social movement unionism, and their context, particularly the sectoral distribution of workfare workers. We also highlight the role of two factors previously overlooked by labor scholars: (1) ecological processes of niche-formation, which determined if and how inter-organizational competition was overcome, and (2) authorities’ social-control strategies, which shaped coalition endurance.
Immunochemical demonstration of α3 isozyme of Na,K-ATPase in human brain

Abstract The catalytic alpha (α) subunit of the human Na,K-ATPase is encoded by multiple genes, as revealed from molecular cloning studies, yet the presence of the α3 isoform has still not been resolved. We investigated the human α3 isoform by Western blotting employing polyclonal anti-rat brain α3 fusion protein, and purified human and rat axolemma Na,K-ATPase preparations. The antibody to rat brain α3 fusion protein cross-reacted with both human and rat antigens, and the stained band superimposed on the α2 band. This result suggests that α3 isoform also exists in human brain.
Minimally invasive endoscopic management of subglottic stenosis in children: Success and failure

Abstract Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of endoscopic management of subglottic stenosis both as a primary and as an adjunctive treatment in the pediatric population. Methods Retrospective review of pediatric patients with subglottic stenosis undergoing endoscopic airway procedures at a tertiary care pediatric medical center. Outcomes were assessed by systematic review to determine the success and failure of the endoscopic approach. Results Forty patients (22 male, 18 female) underwent endoscopic interventions for a diagnosis of subglottic airway stenosis between 2003 and 2006. Age ranged from 22 days old to 20 years old. Recorded degree of subglottic stenosis ranged from 10% to 99%. Fifty-three percent (21/40) had a history of prematurity, and 40% (16/40) had secondary airway diagnoses. Twenty-four patients underwent an endoscopic intervention initially (including laser or dilation, with or without topical mitomycin treatment), including four patients who underwent tracheostomy prior to the first endoscopic intervention. Sixteen underwent laryngotracheoplasty initially, including ten patients who underwent tracheostomy prior to the laryngotracheoplasty. Endoscopic treatment resulted in resolution of symptoms, and/or decannulation, and no further need for an open procedure in 58% of patients. Of the 24 patients undergoing endoscopic interventions initially, 14 patients underwent two or more endoscopic interventions, and 10 patients subsequently required tracheostomy or laryngotracheoplasty. When endoscopic procedures were used as an adjunct to laryngotracheoplasty, 60% (12/20) had resolution of symptoms, underwent decannulation, and did not require tracheostomy or revision laryngotracheoplasty. Conclusions The endoscopic approach can be successful in the management of properly selected patients with subglottic stenosis, either as the initial treatment modality or as an adjunctive treatment in cases of re-stenosis after open airway surgery. The likelihood of success with a minimally invasive procedure as the primary treatment decreases with worsening initial grade of subglottic stenosis.
Nonequilibrium hypersonic aerothermodynamics

Nonequilibrium phenomena in hypersonic flows are examined on the basis of theoretical models and selected experimental data, in an introduction intended for second-year graduate students of aerospace engineering. Chapters are devoted to the physical nature of gas atoms and molecules, transitions of internal states, the formulation of the master equation of aerothermodynamics, the conservation equations, chemical reactions in CFD, the behavior of air flows in nonequilibrium, experimental aspects of nonequilibrium flow, a review of experimental results, and gas-solid interaction. Diagrams, graphs, and tables of numerical data are provided.
Predicting ligand binding affinity with alchemical free energy methods in a polar model binding site

We present a combined experimental and modeling study of organic ligand molecules binding to a slightly polar engineered cavity site in T4 lysozyme (L99A/M102Q). For modeling, we computed alchemical absolute binding free energies. These were blind tests performed prospectively on 13 diverse, previously untested candidate ligand molecules. We predicted that eight compounds would bind to the cavity and five would not; 11 of 13 predictions were correct at this level. The RMS error to the measurable absolute binding energies was 1.8 kcal/mol. In addition, we computed "relative" binding free energies for six phenol derivatives starting from two known ligands: phenol and catechol. The average RMS error in the relative free energy prediction was 2.5 kcal/mol (phenol) and 1.1 kcal/mol (catechol). To understand these results at atomic resolution, we obtained x-ray co-complex structures for nine of the diverse ligands and for all six phenol analogs. The average RMSD of the predicted pose to the experiment was 2.0 A (diverse set), 1.8 A (phenol-derived predictions), and 1.2 A (catechol-derived predictions). We found that predicting accurate affinities and rank-orderings required near-native starting orientations of the ligand in the binding site. Unanticipated binding modes, multiple ligand binding, and protein conformational change all proved challenging for the free energy methods. We believe that these results can help guide future improvements in physics-based absolute binding free energy methods.
Holomorphic bisectional curvatures, supersymmetry breaking, and Affleck-Dine baryogenesis

Working in $D=4$, $N=1$ supergravity, we utilize relations between holomorphic sectional and bisectional curvatures of Kahler manifolds to constrain Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. We show the following no-go result: Affleck-Dine baryogenesis cannot be performed if the holomorphic sectional curvature at the origin is isotropic in tangent space; as a special case, this rules out spaces of constant holomorphic sectional curvature (defined in the above sense) and in particular maximally symmetric coset spaces. We also investigate scenarios where inflationary supersymmetry breaking is identified with the supersymmetry breaking responsible for mass splitting in the visible sector, using conditions of sequestering to constrain manifolds where inflation can be performed.
Factors differentiating personality-disordered individuals with and without a history of unipolar mood disorder.

The relationship between mood disorders and personality disorders has been of longstanding interest to clinicians. Despite theoretical reasons to do so, virtually no studies have examined factors that discriminate personality-disordered subjects with a history of mood disorder (PD/HMD) from personality-disordered subjects without a history of mood disorder (PD). This study examined demographic variables, patterns of comorbidity, measures of life functioning, personality traits, and early life experiences differentiating PD/HMD (n = 83) from PD (n = 214). Diagnoses were assigned using structured clinical interviews and a best-estimate procedure. The results suggest that subjects with borderline personality disorder are more likely to have a life history of mood disorder than are subjects with other personality disorders. In addition, PD/HMDs are more likely to receive a diagnosis of anxiety disorder or alcoholism, to have lower Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores, and to have sought treatment than PDs. On self-report measures of personality, PD/HMDs endorse higher levels of trait anxiety and affective lability (e.g., Harm Avoidance, Neuroticism) than do PDs. PD/HMDs are also more likely to report childhood physical and emotional abuse than are PDs, and to describe their parents as using affectionless control. No differences were found between Axis II clusters as a function of mood disorder history. The discussion suggests a potential model in which early environmental stress interacts with constitutional vulnerabilities to put individuals at an increased risk for both mood and anxiety disorders as well as personality disorders.
The Genetics of Pemphigus

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disorder with a complex etiology involving an interplay of genetic as well as environmental factors, most of which remain unknown. Despite the identification of several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles as risk factors for disease, no other non-HLA genes have clearly been implicated in disease susceptibility. Newer candidate gene and whole-genome approaches are needed to illuminate the full palate of genetic risk elements in PV. Based on this information, genetic-based tools can be expected to provide a scientific rationale for future clinical decision-making by physicians and facilitate an era of personalized medicine.
Shortened Engineered Human Antibody CH2 Domains INCREASED STABILITY AND BINDING TO THE HUMAN NEONATAL Fc RECEPTOR

The immunoglobulin (Ig) constant CH2 domain is critical for antibody effector functions. Isolated CH2 domains are promising scaffolds for construction of libraries containing diverse binders that could also confer some effector functions. We have shown previously that an isolated human CH2 domain is relatively unstable to thermally induced unfolding, but its stability can be improved by engineering an additional disulfide bond (Gong, R., Vu, B. K., Feng, Y., Prieto, D. A., Dyba, M. A., Walsh, J. D., Prabakaran, P., Veenstra, T. D., Tarasov, S. G., Ishima, R., and Dimitrov, D. S. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284, 14203–14210). We have hypothesized that the stability of this engineered antibody domain could be further increased by removing unstructured residues. To test our hypothesis, we removed the seven N-terminal residues that are in a random coil as suggested by our analysis of the isolated CH2 crystal structure and NMR data. The resulting shortened engineered CH2 (m01s) was highly soluble, monomeric, and remarkably stable, with a melting temperature (Tm) of 82.6 °C, which is about 10 and 30 °C higher than those of the original stabilized CH2 (m01) and CH2, respectively. m01s and m01 were more resistant to protease digestion than CH2. A newly identified anti-CH2 antibody that recognizes a conformational epitope bound to m01s significantly better (>10-fold higher affinity) than to CH2 and slightly better than to m01. m01s bound to a recombinant soluble human neonatal Fc receptor at pH 6.0 more strongly than CH2. These data suggest that shortening the m01 N terminus significantly increases stability without disrupting its conformation and that our approach for increasing stability and decreasing size by removing unstructured regions may also apply to other proteins.
Single atom sputtering events Direct observation of near-surface depleted zones in ion-irradiated tungsten

Abstract The three-dimensional spatial arrangement of vacancies contained in depleted zones (DZs) of ion-irradiated tungsten specimens, has been determined with atomic resolution by the field-ion microscope (FIM) technique. These DZs were detected in the near-surface region of specimens which had been irradiated in situ at  15 K with 20 keV W+, 30 keV W+, Kr+, Cu+ or Ar+ ions. The values of the ion dose employed were small ( 1013 ions cm−2); therefore, each DZ analysed was the result of the impact of a single projectile ion. At the irradiation temperature ( 15 K) both the self-interstitial atoms and vacancies were immobile, so that the primary state of radiation damage was preserved. The following properties of each DZ were determined : (1) the total number of vacancies; (2) the number of vacancies in the near-surface region; (3) the spatial extent-that is, the dimensions required to determine a volume; (5) the average vacancy concentration associated with the near-surface region; (6) the first-nearest...
How Well Do Men’s Faces and Voices Index Mate Quality and Dominance?

Previous studies have used self-ratings or strangers' ratings to assess men's attractiveness and dominance, attributes that have likely affected men's access to mates throughout human evolution. However, attractiveness and dominance include more than isolated impressions; they incorporate knowledge gained through social interaction. We tested whether dominance and attractiveness assessed by acquaintances can be predicted from (1) strangers' ratings made from facial photographs and vocal clips and (2) self-ratings. Two university social fraternities, their socially affiliated sororities, and independent raters evaluated men's short- and long-term attractiveness, fighting ability, and leadership ability. Ratings made by unfamiliar men using faces, but not voices, predicted acquaintance-rated fighting and leadership ability, whereas ratings made by unfamiliar women from faces and voices predicted acquaintance-rated short- and long-term attractiveness. Except for leadership, self-ratings aligned with peers' evaluations. These findings support the conclusion that faces and voices provide valuable information about dominance and mate quality.
Triple electroweak gauge-boson production at Fermilab Tevatron energies.

We calculate three-gauge-boson production in the standard model at Fermilab Tevatron energies. At \ensuremath{\surd}s=2 TeV in pp\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} collisions, the cross sections for triple-gauge-boson production are typically of the order of 10 fb. For the pure leptonic final states from the gauge-boson decays and with some minimal cuts on final state photons, the cross sections for pp\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{W}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}, Z\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}, and ${\mathit{W}}^{+}$${\mathit{W}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\gamma} processes are of the order of a few fb, resulitng in a few dozen clean leptonic events for an integrated luminosity of 10 ${\mathrm{fb}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The pure leptonic modes from other gauge-boson channels give a significantly smaller rate. Especially, the trilepton modes from ${\mathit{W}}^{+}$${\mathit{W}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\mathit{W}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and ${\mathit{tt}\mathit{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}\mathit{W}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{W}}^{+}$${\mathit{W}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\mathit{W}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ yield a cross section of the order of 0.1 fb if there is no significant Higgs boson contribution. For a Higgs boson with ${\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{H}}$\ensuremath{\simeq}2${\mathit{M}}_{\mathit{Z}}$, the triple-massive-gauge-boson production rate could be enhanced by a factor of 4\char21{}6.
Production of discrete high specific activity DNA probes using the polymerase chain reaction

Abstract Conditions are described for the synthesis of discrete DNA probes with high specific activity using the polymerase chain reaction. This method enables the production of DNA probes between any two oligonucleotide sequences from cloned or uncloned templates. These probes are uniform in length and their specific activity (1 × 10 9 cpm/μg) is comparable to probes produced by other methods.
Ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes activate c-fos transcription by distinct calcium-requiring intracellular signaling pathways

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or non-NMDA receptor activation is sufficient to induce transcription of the immediate early gene c-fos in a calcium-requiring manner. We sought to determine whether the calcium-dependent mechanisms inducing c-fos transcription are identical following activation of these two receptor subtypes. We used in situ hybridization and fura-2 imaging to detect c-fos mRNA and intracellular calcium in individual dentate gyrus neurons maintained in vitro. Structurally distinct inhibitors of phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase abolished NMDA--but not kainic acid-induced increases of c-fos mRNA. Conversely, the calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium markedly inhibited kainic acid--but not NMDA-mediated increases of c-fos mRNA. We propose that the dissociation in the mechanisms transducing the calcium influx signals to the nucleus following NMDA and non-NMDA receptor activation is due to spatially distinct sites of calcium entry, resulting in activation of different enzymes located at distinct sites in the cell.
Electromodulated release of nitric oxide through polymer material from reservoir of inorganic nitrite salt

Herein, we report a new approach to electromodulate the release of NO at physiological levels through polymeric materials from a stable nitrite electrolyte reservoir, with potential application in controlling biofilm formation and clotting on intravascular catheters. The NO flux can be turned ‘on’ and ‘off’ electrochemically, on demand.