cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Model-Based Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems

The need for reliability and robustness in present day systems requires that they possess the capability for accommodating faults in the controlled plant. Fault accommodation requires tight integration of online fault detection,isolat ion, and identification with the system control loop. This paper develops an effective fault diagnosis scheme for plants that mainly exhibit continuous behavior, but include supervisory control making the overall dynamic behavior hybrid in nature. We use hybrid bond graph models to develop diagnosis algorithms that combine hybrid behavior tracking, mode estimation, and qualitative-quantitative reasoning techniques. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with example scenarios generated from a three- and five-tank systems with control valves and sources that can be turned on and off by supervisory control.
A Method for Esterification Reaction Rate Prediction of Aliphatic Monocarboxylic Acids with Primary Alcohols in 1,4‐Dioxane Based on Two Parametrical Taft Equation

Esterification reaction rates of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with primary alcohols in 1,4-dioxane as inert solvent were investigated. Acids were esterified with 1-propanol and alcohols with acetic acid as model reactants at a constant temperature of 60°C, at a fixed ionic strength and pH in a batch reactor with a constant volume. For evaluation of reaction rates, an exact kinetic equation for the equilibrium reaction was applied. Under these conditions and for low reactants, concentrations reaction rate depends only on the structure of reactants and, therefore, can be predicted by a correlation equation with two Taft coefficients (inductive and steric effects). From these equations, it is possible to estimate the esterification reaction rate constant for other acid-alcohol pairs. This methodology may also be suitable for other kinetic systems measured under comparable experimental conditions.
Oxidative stress and the impact of prenatal chronic hypoxia on ryanodine receptor generated calcium responses in fetal pulmonary arterial myocytes (1089.11)

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are sensitive to reactive oxygen species in that this stress increases leak of Ca2+ through the channels. Our recent work shows RyR-generated Ca2+ sparks are aberrant following prenatal chronic hypoxia (CH) in pulmonary arterial myocytes of fetal sheep. Other evidence suggests that the enhanced Ca2+ leak due to oxidative stress can cause loss of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR); our Ca2+ spark data are consistent with such a loss in SR Ca2+ and CH can cause oxidative stress. To address potential Ca2+ loss we quantified 10 mM caffeine (CAF) elicited Ca2+ release from the SR, as RyR activation provides an index of Ca2+ storage. This was performed in pulmonary arterial myocytes of intact arteries using Fluo-4 and confocal imaging approaches of fetal sheep that lived in normoxia at low altitude (FN) or fetal sheep that lived in CH at (3,801 m) for >100 days (FH). Using customized analysis software, the data show that under control conditions prenatal CH does not impact the ...
The emergence of the listener to speaker component of naming in children as a function of multiple exemplar instruction.

We tested the effect of multiple exemplar instruction on the transfer of stimulus function for unfamiliar pictures across listener responses (i.e., matching and pointing) and speaker responses (i.e., pure tacts and impure tacts). Three preschool students, who were 3- and 4-year-old males and did not have the listener to speaker component of the naming repertoire, participated in the experiment. The dependent variable was numbers of correct responses to probe trials of both untaught listener responses (“point to__”) and speaker responses (tact and impure tacts) following mastery of matching responses for two sets of five unfamiliar pictures (Set 1 and Set 3). After each participant mastered matching (e.g., “match Labrador”) for Set 1 pictures they were probed on the three untaught responses to Set 1 words. That is, they were asked to point to Labrador, tact the picture of Labrador, and respond to the picture of a Labrador and the question “What is this?” Next, the participants were taught mastery of all four types of responses using MEI for a second set of five pictures (Set 2) and probed again on the 3 untaught Set 1 responses. Finally, matching responses were taught to mastery for a novel set of pictures (Set 3) and then probed on the three untaught responses. The results showed that untaught speaker responses emerged at 60% to 85% for two participants, and 40%–70% for one participant. We discuss the role of instructional history in the development of the listener to speaker component of naming.
Abstract 77: Distinct Profiles of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) Channel Expression in Biventricular Failure

Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) family of channels mediate pathologic cardiac remodeling. In particular, TRPC6 participates in a self-propagating circuit that amplifies cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. The objective of this study was to explore biventricular expression of TRPCs in advanced heart failure. Methods: Viable left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular free wall tissue was obtained from human subjects with end-stage heart failure (n=12) referred for transplantation or biventricular assist devices. Control LV and RV tissue was obtained from the National Disease Research Interchange (n=3/group). To explore TRPC expression in a murine model, adult male C57BL/6 mice underwent thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) for 10 weeks (n=6/group). Biventricular tissue was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Compared to normal LV and RV, levels of TRPC 1, 3, 4 and 6 were increased in failing LV and RV samples, respectiv...
Color-naming responses to red light of varying luminance and purity.

A 10×10 Greco-Latin square composed of two 10-value sets of neutral density filters projected with red and tungsten lights provided a combination image in which the arrangement of hues appeared unsystematic. Nine subjects gave a total of 1326 color-naming responses from which were derived estimates of hue, lightness, and saturation for each cell of the square. Saturation varied as a function of the purity of the red light; lightness was found to be associated mainly with relative luminance, and hue was related both to proportion of red light and to relative luminance. Hue ranged over nearly the entire circuit, while lightness and saturation varied over considerable ranges. Analysis by concentric layers or rings of the sampling space described the response-events clearly, while analysis by constant chromaticity lines through the sampling space showed that single hues did not lie along such lines.
Paraneoplastic Encephalopathy Presenting with Rapidly Progressive Dementia and Catatonia

Introduction: Paraneoplastic encephalopathy can present with neurological and psychiatric symptoms, and it is important to be aware of possible underlying medical etiologies of seemingly psychiatric presentations. In this case, cancer-associated limbic encephalitis presented with classical signs of catatonia, progressive cognitive decline and psychotic depression. Methods: A 68-year-old Caucasian female with past medical history of COPD, ongoing heavy tobacco use, and depression presented with rapidly worsening cognitive function over a nine months. Her cognitive symptoms were accompanied by psychotic features and delusions of ruin that her body and hair were burnt. Her medications on presentation included sertraline, trazodone, quetiapine and clonazepam. Physical examination was remarkable for classical signs of catatonia including catalepsy, gegenhalten, staring, perseveration, echolalia, echopraxia, hypophonia, and automatic obedience. MOCA scores were 19/30. Medical work-up undertaken for rapidly progressive dementia included a paraneoplastic antibody panel due to concerns of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Anti-Hu antibodies were positive and further investigation revealed Stage IIIA small cell lung cancer. The patient was started on venlafaxine and mirtazapine for depression, olanzapine for psychosis and for paraneoplastic syndrome she was referred for treatment of underlying cancer and received a short course of steroids, which improved her cognitive function remarkably. Lorazepam helped improve catatonic symptoms. Results: The early detection of small cell lung cancer in limited stage (IIIA) resulted from the paraneoplastic work up prior to onset of physical symptoms and increased the possibility of curative treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Conclusions: The early detection of small cell lung cancer in limited stage (IIIA) resulted from the paraneoplastic work up prior to onset of physical symptoms and increased the possibility of curative treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Paraneoplastic syndromes should be considered on the differential for rapid cognitive decline, psychosis and personality changes especially when there is increased suspicion for malignancy.
A computational study of spherical diffusion flames in microgravity with gas radiation. Part II: Parametric studies of the diluent effects on flame extinction

Abstract Spherical diffusion flame in microgravity was investigated computationally, considering gas radiation with statistical narrow band model (SNB) and discrete ordinate method (DOM). The parametric studies explored the relative effectiveness of fuel- versus oxidizer-side dilution on the flame radius and temperature behavior, and it was discovered that the oxidizer-side dilution has a stronger effect on flame transient behavior than the fuel-side dilution, thereby suggesting a more effective means to induce flame extinction by dilution. Study on different oxidizer-side dilution cases shows that CO 2 has a larger suppression effect than helium and nitrogen with the same dilution level. CO 2 dilution has multiple effects on flame behavior including radiation, thermodynamic, diffusion, and chemical effects. Quantitative analysis shows that the radiation effect is the primary factor accounting for flame temperature drop by approximately 60%, as compared to the thermal/diffusion (30%), and chemical effect (10%). Computational results over a wide range indicated a critical flame temperature of 1130 K at extinction, which appears to be a valid unified extinction criterion for the flame under study. Therefore, it is concluded that extinction of spherical diffusion flame is primarily dictated by the local condition in the flame zone rather than by the volumetric radiative heat transfer in the surrounding gases. Investigation on steady flame solution within different domain sizes shows that, a steady state spherical diffusion flame does not exist in microgravity because the flame keeps growing with the non-zero gradient on the flame outer edge, additionally flame temperature constantly decreases with gas radiation which eventually extinguishes the flame when the flame temperature drops down to a critical value.
Calculation of area-averaged vertical profiles of the horizontal wind velocity from volume-imaging lidar data

Area-averaged horizontal wind measurements are derived from the motion of spatial inhomogeneities in aerosol backscattering observed with a volume-imaging lidar. Spatial averaging provides high precision, reducing sample variations of wind measurements well below the level of turbulent fluctuations, even under conditions of very light mean winds and strong convection or under the difficult conditions represented by roll convection. Wind velocities are measured using the two-dimensional spatial cross correlation computed between successive horizontal plane maps of aerosol backscattering, assembled from three-dimensional lidar scans. Prior to calculation of the correlation function, three crucial steps are performed: (1) the scans are corrected for image distortion by the wind during a finite scan time; (2) a temporal high pass median filtering is applied to eliminate structures that do not move with the wind; and (3) a histogram equalization is employed to reduce biases to the brightest features.
Copper and zinc metabolism with solid tumor growth

The variation in copper and zinc metabolism with tumor growth appears to relate directly to progression or regression of the disease. Historically, elevations in serum copper have been used as clinical indicators in hematological neoplasms since the early 1960s. More recently, we have monitored breast, colo-rectal, and lung cancer patients for a six-month period through courses of cytotoxic chemotherapy to determine copper and zinc changes with tumor growth. Groups were divided into responders and nonresponders blind to their serum copper and zinc levels. Trends in elevated serum copper with active disease have shown similar trends in decreasing values with effective therapy, but normalization was at a slower rate. Serum zinc levels in the same patients were markedly below normal and did not increase in the study period. The clinical significance or elevated serum copper and depressed serum zinc is discussed and the potential relationship between the two elements is explored. A solid tumor-bearing rat model, mammary adenocarcinoma R 3230 AC, has detailed more of the changes in copper and zinc metabolism with solid tumor growth. Serum copper and zinc varied with tumor mass, as in clinical studies. Liver values of the two essential metals did not change significantly, but liver-related copper-containing enzymes showed marked variations. Ceruloplasmin in serum increased with increasing tumor mass, as would be expected with the increased serum copper levels. Cytochrome c oxidase activity in liver homogenates from tumor-bearing animals was significantly depressed.
Interaction of a two-level atom with an even coherent state

Abstract The interaction of a two-level atom with a quantized cavity field in an even coherent state, defined as an eigenstate of a 2 : a 2 ∣z>=z∣z> , is investigated. We find that for an initial integer average photon number, at the time of the first revival, the field nearly returns to an even coherent state but with z replaced by ze iπ . Just before the revival, the field is found to be in an odd field state. At half the revival time it is in a mixed state showing larger scale oscillations in the photon number distribution.
Two Positions for Sexual Intercourse Useful in the Treatment of Male Sexual Dysfunction

This article presents a rationale for encouraging marital and family therapists to become more acquainted with the sex therapy literature and with the “elegant solution” to sexual problems. Two positions for sexual intercourse are discussed that have been used in successfully treating 81% of men (22 of 27) presenting with rapid ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, or unconsummated marriage. By ensuring that the man has control over the pace of the encounter and an unobstructed view of his partner’s genitals, both positions are designed to increase his sense of mastery and to thereby reduce the anxiety associated with sexual intercourse.
Impact of transition metals on reductive dechlorination rate of hexachloroethane by mackinawite.

Mackinawite, an iron monosulfide, has been shown to be a potential reductant for chlorinated organic compounds under anaerobic conditions. Chlorinated organic compounds are often found with inorganic contaminants. This study investigates the impact of various transition metals on the reductive dechlorination by mackinawite using a readily degradable chlorinated organic compound, hexachloroethane (HCA). Different classes of transition metals show distinct patterns in their impact on the HCA dechlorination: 10-3 M Cr(III) and Mn(II) (hard metals) decreased the dechlorination rates, while 10-4, 10-3, and 10-2 M Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) (intermediate/soft metals) increased the rates. The tested hard metals, due to their weak affinity for sulfides, are thought to form surface precipitates of hydroxides around FeS under the experimental conditions with these hydroxides hindering the electron transfer between FeS and HCA. Due to their high affinity for sulfides, however, the tested int...
X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Emission of Sagittarius A * as a Wind-accreting Black Hole

If, as many believe, Sgr A* is a massive black hole at the Galactic center, one should expect it to be a source of X-ray and gamma-ray activity, behaving basically as a scaled-down active galactic nucleus. An unavoidable source of accretion is the wind from IRS 16, a nearby group of hot, massive stars. Since the density and velocity of the accreting matter are known from observations, the accretion rate is basically a function of the putative black hole mass, M(sub h), only; this value represents a reliable lower limit to a real rate, given the other possible sources of accreting matter. Based on this and on the theories about shock acceleration in active galactic nuclei, we have estimated the expected production of relativistic particles and their hard radiation. These values turn out to be a function of M(sub h) as well. Comparing our results with available X-ray and gamma-ray observations which show Sgr A* to have a relatively low activity level, we conclude tentatively that the putative black hole in the Galactic center cannot have a mass greater than approximately 6 x 10(exp 3) solar mass. This conclusion is consistent with the upper limits to the black hole mass found by different methods earlier, although much more work is needed to make calculations of shock acceleration around black holes more reliable.
Hemispheric Visions and Border Divisions: Differential Decolonizations at the US National Museum of the American Indian

AbstractWhile many populations have suffered unique forms of colonial oppression, what these varying populations seem to share is an understanding of the importance of community support and cultural continuity in the face of struggle. Drawing on notions of differential oppositional consciousness and decolonization, this article examines the US National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, DC in light of its efforts to represent a hemispheric indigeneity. The Our Lives gallery exhibit co-curated by the Campo Band of Kumeyaay Indians (whose aboriginal lands straddle the border between the US and Mexico) is analyzed alongside the author’s personal reflections of her encounters with the NMAI as a US Chicana/Latina subject. The article urges scholars to recognize how they have been differ entially positioned against power and, furthermore, to acknowledge how and when efforts to decolonize may result in the re-colonization of another already marginalized group. This project asserts that the strength of ...
Influence of increasing dietary intake on whole body protein kinetics in normal man

Abstract The whole body protein kinetic response to increasing dietary intake was studied in 20 normal adult male subjects receiving a defined formula diet orally. Each person received the same amount for 5 days at the rate ranging from 150 to 330 mgN/kg. day and 16 to 34 kcal/kg. day, keeping the calorie to nitrogen ratio as constant. Whole body protein flux was measured using a primed constant infusion of 15 N glycine and determining isotopic enrichments in the urinary urea and ammonia. Whole body protein synthesis and breakdown rates were calculated from the flux measurement and nitrogen excretion and intake. The mean protein turnover (Q), synthesis (S) and breakdown (C) rates for all subjects were 3.72±0.42, 2.47±0.47 and 2.12±0.39 g protein/kg. day. These values increased with increasing dietary nitrogen intake up to 270±4 mgN/kg. day which is twice the daily recommended protein requirement for a normal adult man and then tended to decrease. Nitrogen intake in the range of 150 to 270 mg N/kg. day showed significant positive correlations with nitrogen balance, Q, S and S/C and the protein accretion was due to a relatively large increase in S compared to that in C. When the intake rate exceeded 270 mg N/kg. day, the nitrogen balance was still positive but now due to a larger decrease in C. These results show that the kinetic parameters of whole body protein metabolism in adult man appear to exhibit a maximum at a dietary nitrogen intake twice the daily requirement level. The mechanism of the maintenance of protein balance changes at this threshold.
Baseline and apomorphine-induced extracellular levels of nigral substance P are increased in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease arises from extensive premature loss of dopamine (DA)-utilizing midbrain neurons whose axons form the nigrostriatal pathway and densely innervate the striatum (caudate-putamen). The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease are improved by treatment with DA receptor agonists, including apomorphine. DA agonists modulate basal ganglia outflow at multiple sites and may affect synaptic activity of multiple basal ganglia neurotransmitters, including substance-P peptide (SP). With microdialysis in the substantia nigra reticulata (s.n.r.), a major striatal projection area, we monitored the extracellular level of SP-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) in awake rats with neurotoxin-induced destruction of nigral DA neurons, before and after treatment with apomorphine (1 mg/kg i.p.). Loss of DA neurons produced a 60% increase in baseline extracellular SP-LI levels. Apomorphine treatment increased baseline extracellular SP-LI levels up to 60% in control rats and 100% in rats with loss of nigral DA neurons. Striatonigral SP endings increase SP release in response to loss of nigral target DA neurons, and DA agonist acting on supersensitive DA receptors, perhaps on SP terminals in the nigra, further increases synaptic SP concentrations.
Neurocircuitry in alcoholism: a substrate of disruption and repair

The chronic, excessive consumption of alcohol results in significant modification of selective neural systems of the brain structure, physiology, and function. Quantitative MR structural imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and functional MRI (fMRI), together with neuropsychological challenges, have enabled rigorous in vivo characterization of the results of alcoholism on the brain in the human condition. Neuroimaging has also enabled longitudinal study for the examination of alcoholism’s dynamic course through periods of drinking and sobriety. Controlled studies have revealed compelling evidence for alcohol-related brain structural and functional modification—some longstanding, some transient, and some compensatory. Patterns of circuitry disruption identified through structural and functional MRI studies suggest a central role for degradation of frontocerebellar neuronal nodes and connecting circuitry affecting widespread brain regions and contributing to alcoholism’s salient, enduring, and debilitating cognitive and motor deficits—executive dysfunction, visuospatial impairment, and ataxia.
Particle-hole asymmetry of fractional quantum Hall states in the second Landau level of a two-dimensional hole system

We report the unambiguous observation of a fractional quantum Hall state in the Landau level of a two-dimensional-hole sample at the filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=8/3$. We identified this state by a quantized Hall resistance and an activated temperature dependence of the longitudinal resistance and found an energy gap of 40 mK. Notably, the particle-hole conjugate state at filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=7/3$ in our sample did not develop down to 6.9 mK. This observation is contrary to that in electron samples, in which the 7/3 state is typically more stable than the 8/3 state. We present evidence that the asymmetry between the 7/3 and 8/3 states in our hole sample is due to Landau-level mixing.
Polarimetric Calibration Using Distributed Clutter

Two techniques for using distributed clutter for calibrating a polarimetric radar are given: one uses clutter only but requires knowlege of theoretical clutter polarization ratios; the other requires the use of an in-scene trihedral but requires no foreknowledge of clutter statistics. These techniques are developed and contrasted with the more traditional technique which uses a set of in-scene calibration reflectors, such as trihedrals and dihedrals. A method is proposed and evaluated for estimating and removing the effects of additive noise on the measured clutter covariance matrix. Results are given of the application of this technique to MIT Lincoln Laboratory's Advanced Dectection Technology Sensor (ADTS) synthetic aperture radar.
The Secret of Narrative: A Structural Analysis of Cervantes’s Novelas Ejemplares

This article, which offers analyses of five Novelas ejemplares, sheds new light on a key structural feature of Cervantes’s short stories. Long before Henry James began to compose fictions defined by what Tzvetan Todorov would call an “essential secret,” Cervantes was already experimenting with fictional texts that disorient the reader by problematizing or by failing to reveal the plot’s “secret” or central truth. Thus, this study undertakes a close reading of Cervantes’s stories in order to reveal how gaps and contradictions in signification make for “secretive” texts whose conclusions unfold in a contradictory “double movement,” given that doubt, questions, and general uncertainty arise precisely when the texts pretend to be finally offering the reader a sense of closure.
The role of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) software radios in embedded systems

This paper outlines the motivation for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) software receivers. Features of traditional and software-based GNSS receiver architectures are highlighted and compared, focusing on the advantages of the software design. The choice of which architecture is advantageous, particular in the case of embedded systems, is present along with design criteria—both for the current environment as well as what can be expected in the future.
Structure and reactivity of vinylcyclopropane radical cation: Electron transfer photochemistry and ab initio calculations

The electron-transfer photochemistry of vinylcyclopropane (1) generates three ring-opened products, 2−4, each bearing a methoxy as well as a 4-cyanophenyl group. The products are ascribed to nucleophilic attack of methanol on the radical cation, 1•+. The attack is regioselective but not regiospecific; attack at the secondary cyclopropane carbons, leading to 2 and trans-3, is preferred; attack at the terminal vinylic carbon, yielding trans-4, occurs to a lesser extent. The potential surface of 1•+ was probed by ab initio calculations; 1•+ has two minima, anti- and syn-1•+; both have Cs symmetry and belong to the unusual structure type with two lengthened cyclopropane bonds. The calculations are in general agreement with the observed reaction pattern.
The Effect of Advertising on Pharmaceutical Innovation

Although there is much controversy in the economic literature about how advertising affects market competition, little is known about the effect of advertising on product innovation. We examined the relationship between advertising expenditures and the research and development activities of pharmaceutical firms using empirical data from eight therapy areas. This study finds that detailing advertising may have a significant positive effect on the number of new products entering into clinical development. Markets of chronic disease with high levels of detailing advertising were more attractive to pharmaceutical firms. However, the effect of advertising on new product novelty remains inconclusive.
Surface Chemistry, Topography, and Spectroscopy of a Mixed Monolayer of 10,12-Pentacosadiynoic Acid and Its Mannoside Derivative at the Air−Water Interface

N-(11-O-α-d-Mannopyranosyl-3,6,9-trioxa)undecyl 10,12-pentacosa-diynamide (PDTM) was synthesized from 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PDA). The pure and mixed PDA/PDTM monolayers at the air−water inte...
Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in the farnesylation of Ras proteins

Ras proteins are post-translationally modified by farnesylation. In the present investigation, we identified an activity in crude soluble extracts of yeast cells that catalyzes the transfer of a farnesyl moiety from farnesyl pyrophosphate to yeast RAS2 protein. RAS2 proteins having a C-terminal Cys-Ali-Ali-Xaa sequence (where Ali is an aliphatic amino acid and Xaa is the unspecified C-terminal amino acid) served as substrates for this reaction, whereas RAS2 proteins with an altered or deleted Cys-Ali-Ali-Xaa sequence did not. A yeast mutant, dpr1/ram1, originally isolated as a Ras-processing mutant was shown to be defective in farnesyltransferase activity. In addition, another mutant, ram2, also was defective in the transferase activity. These results demonstrate that at least two genes, DPR1/RAM1 and RAM2, are required for the farnesyltransferase activity in yeast.
Inflicted skeletal trauma: The relationship of perpetrators to their victims

Abstract Objective Although inflicted skeletal trauma is a very common presentation of child abuse, little is known about the perpetrators of inflicted skeletal injuries. Studies exist describing perpetrators of inflicted traumatic brain injury, but no study has examined characteristics of perpetrators of inflicted skeletal trauma. Methods All cases of suspected child physical abuse evaluated by the child abuse evaluation teams at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (January 1996 to August 2000) and at the Children's Hospital at Denver (January 1996 to December 1999) were reviewed for the presence of fractures. All children with inflicted fractures were entered into the study, and demographic data, investigative data, and identity of perpetrators were collected. Results There were a total of 630 fractures for 194 patients. The median number of fractures per patient was 2, and the maximum was 31. Sixty-three percent of children presented with at least one additional abusive injury other than the fracture(s). Perpetrators were identified in 79% of the cases. Nearly 68% of the perpetrators were male; 45% were the biological fathers. The median age of the children abused by males (4.5 months) significantly differed from the median age of those abused by females (10 months) ( p = .003). Conclusion In the cases where a perpetrator of inflicted fractures could be identified, the majority were men, most commonly the biological fathers. Children injured by men were younger than those injured by women.
ON THE APPLICATION OF SHUNTED PIEZOCERAMICS FOR INCREASING ACOUSTIC TRANSMISSION LOSS IN STRUCTURES

Abstract The application of electrically shunted piezoceramic materials (PZTs) for increasing transmission loss is studied. A test setup in an SAE J1400 facility is used to analyze the sound transmission loss due to a test plate with shunted PZTs, and to compare the results with an undamped plate and a plate with constrained-layer damping materials. The test results indicate that shunted PZTs can increase sound transmission loss by approximately 6 dB for a pure tone input at 162 Hz, and 7 dB for a broad band input of 10–10000 Hz. The test results further show that, compared to the constrained layer damping materials that are commonly used in the automotive industry, PZTs provide a substantially higher sound transmission loss-to-weight ratio. This paper will present the test setup in an SAE J1400 facility, the installation of the PZTs on a test plate, and the tuning procedure that is used for the shunt circuits. It also provides a detailed analysis of the results of sound transmission tests for three different test plates, namely an undamped plate, a plate with constrained layer damping, and a plate with electrically shunted PZTs.
An experimental representation for organizational level designs and synthesis

A representation for Computer Organization is presented. The objectives of this work were to have a representation that permits expression of Organizational Level designs, can be used for synthesis of logic networks, and serves as a communication medium between system and logic designers. Features of the language for design capture and synthesis are identified and discussed. Finally an experimental language based on an existing Hardware Description Language, used to test the concepts in the design of the representation is discussed.
Anomalous tropical ocean circulation associated with La Niña Modoki

[1] El Nino Modoki is a variant of El Nino characterized by warming around the dateline flanked by anomalous cooling in the east and west. However, the opposite phase (La Nina Modoki) has received little attention because the prominent cooling of sea surface temperature (SST) during major La Nina events is observed in the central Pacific, and thus, it is difficult to define the two different types of cold events from the SST anomaly pattern. Here we demonstrate that cold events in 2000 and 2008 can be clearly distinguished from traditional La Nina events using surface currents derived from satellite observations. During 2000 and 2008, anomalous zonal currents in the equatorial Pacific demonstrate divergence, with westward currents west of the dateline and eastward currents east of it. These currents are opposite to the circulation pattern during the 2004 El Nino Modoki event. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of surface currents for the period 1993–2009 shows a circulation anomaly pattern similar to that in 2000, 2004, and 2008 in the second EOF. The first EOF is consistent with traditional El Nino/La Nina events and does not exhibit a current reversal along the equator. Our results also indicate that strong cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation anomalies occur in the tropical western Pacific around 5°N–15°N during the 2004 (2000 and 2008) El Nino (La Nina) Modoki events and during the strong traditional El Nino (La Nina) events of 1997 (1998). These circulation anomalies are related to an SST gradient in the western and central Pacific.
Parents’ Internet use for information about HPV vaccine

Purpose The Internet is an increasingly common source of health-related information. We sought to examine associations between parents’ Internet information-seeking and their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.
Perioperative respiratory management of pediatric patients with neuromuscular disease

Patients with neuromuscular disorders undergoing general anesthesia present a special set of respiratory problems for perioperative management. While there are disease-specific concerns, there are many common themes in the respiratory management of patients with neuromuscular disorders. These problems are discussed in this review. Such common perioperative concerns include upper airway obstruction, chest wall restriction, postoperative hypoventilation, inadequate airway clearance, and chronic lower airway disease. Each of these challenges has an effective management approach, and careful planning can help avoid perioperative respiratory complications.
Role of prostaglandin receptor EP2 in the regulations of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and inflammation

Population studies, preclinical, and clinical trials suggest a role for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PTGS2) in tumor formation and progression. The downstream prostanoid receptor signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis are poorly understood, although prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major COX-2 metabolite which is usually upregulated in the involved tissues, presumably plays important roles in tumor biology. Taking advantage of our recently identified novel selective antagonist for the EP2 (PTGER2) subtype of PGE2 receptor, we demonstrated that EP2 receptor activation could promote prostate cancer cell growth and invasion in vitro, accompanied by upregulation of the tumor-promoting inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6. Our results suggest the involvement of prostaglandin receptor EP2 in cancer cell proliferation and invasion possibly via its inflammatory actions, and indicate that selective blockade of the PGE2-EP2 signaling pathway via small molecule antagonists might represent a novel therapy for tumorigenesis.
Global Disruption of Cell Cycle Progression and Nutrient Response by the Antifungal Agent Amiodarone

The antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone has fungicidal activity against a broad range of fungi. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it elicits an immediate influx of Ca2+ followed by mitochondrial fragmentation and eventual cell death. To dissect the mechanism of its toxicity, we assessed the transcriptional response of S. cerevisiae to amiodarone by DNA microarray. Consistent with the drug-induced calcium burst, more than half of the differentially transcribed genes were induced by high levels of CaCl2. Amiodarone also caused rapid nuclear accumulation of the calcineurin-regulated Crz1. The majority of genes induced by amiodarone within 10 min were involved in utilization of alternative carbon and nitrogen sources and in mobilizing energy reserves. The similarity to nutrient starvation responses seen in stationary phase cells, rapamycin treatment, and late stages of shift to diauxic conditions and nitrogen depletion suggests that amiodarone may interfere with nutrient sensing and regulatory networks. Transcription of a set of nutrient-responsive genes was affected by amiodarone but not CaCl2, indicating that activation of the starvation response was independent of Ca2+. Genes down-regulated by amiodarone were involved in all stages of cell cycle control. A moderate dose of amiodarone temporarily delayed cell cycle progression at G1, S, and G2/M phases, with the Swe1-mediated delay in G2/M phase being most prominent in a calcineurin-dependent manner. Overall, the transcriptional responses to amiodarone revealed by this study were found to be distinct from other classes of antifungals, including the azole drugs, pointing toward a novel target pathway in combating fungal pathogenesis.
Freud and hypnosis: Report of post-rejection use

The development of hypnosis as a therapeutic and experimental method was significantly influenced by Sigmund Freud's announced rejection of the technique late in the nineteenth century; however, a Hungarian-born hypnotist, Franz Polgar, related in his little-known autobiography that he served as Freud's assistant for six months in 1924. Possible factors related to this seeming paradox are discussed, including the evidence that many of Freud's psychoanalytic colleagues were then actively interested in hypnosis and the negative value associated with the modality had been lifted during the time when Polgar reported that Freud himself was utilizing the method. This is a historically important account of the interface between two prominent therapeutic techniques.
Measurement of immediate ASR expansion of steam cured mortar bars

In order to measure any expansion of mortar bars induced as a result of a steam curing cycle after the brief (6-hour) pre-steaming hydration period usually allowed, a special procedure was designed so as to enable a base length measurement to be made at 6 hours, i.e. before the mortar bar had gained enough strength to permit removal from the mold. This procedure involves use of a specially designed Teflon mold which supports the mortar bar during its initial length measurement and through the steam curing cycle, but permits expansion to take place with only minimal frictional resistance. Alkali-silica reactive mortar bars were shown to undergo significant reaction and permanent expansion during the steam curing process.
Nongenomic Activity and Subsequent c-fos Induction by Estrogen Receptor Ligands Are Not Sufficient to Promote Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Human Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Cells

Estrogen 17beta-estradiol (E2) rapidly modulates several signaling pathways related to cell growth, preservation, and differentiation. The physiological role of these nongenomic effects with regard to downstream outcomes, and the relationship with transcriptional estrogen activity are unclear. Furthermore, the ability of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) to trigger nongenomic actions is largely unknown. To determine whether estrogen receptor (ER) ligands exert nongenomic activity in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells, and whether this activity affects transcription and DNA synthesis, we challenged human Ishikawa cells with E2 or partial ER agonists 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) and raloxifene (ral). Serum-starved Ishikawa cells exposed for 5 min to 0.1 nM E2 showed induced phosphorylation of MAPK (ERK1/2). Ral and 4-OHT each at 1 nM also stimulated ERK in a rapid transient manner. E2 and 4-OHT induced proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA expression in Ishikawa cells within 30 min, but ral had no effect. In contrast to nongenomic action, only E2 stimulated expression of an estrogen response element (ERE)-driven luciferase (LUC) reporter gene. To examine DNA synthesis, [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation was measured in serum-starved cultures exposed to E2 or partial agonists for 2 d. E2 at 1 nM stimulated thymidine uptake in an ERK-dependent manner, but 1 nM 4-OHT, 1 nM ral, and 0.1-nM concentrations of E2 had no significant effects. Taken together, these data indicate that both nongenomic and direct transcriptional ER effects are likely required to promote DNA synthesis.
Identification of the Seaweed Fluorescence Spectroscopy Based on the PCA and ICA-SVM

Current years, the offing red tide of china is recurrent mutation, the direct and fast method which can analyze the amount and the kind of the phytoplankton is needed imperious. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum can show entire fingerprint information of fluorescent light that in the range of excitation and emission wavelength, but the dimension of three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum is higher, the characteristic spectrum of different kinds pelagic plant are multifarious, it is complex identification. In this paper, the principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensions of the spectroscopy. The independent component analysis (ICA) is used to do the matrix decomposition from the perspective of independence to extract the main feature of the spectroscopy data processed by the PCA. The support vector machine (SVM) is used to assort the main characteristic root books which are abstracted by the ICA. The correct laboratory sorting of seaweed is realized. Experimental result indicate, this method can identify the chief component of admixture seaweed, the high dimensional spectroscopy information of seaweed is proceed effective feature extraction, the sorting speed is increase greatly, the discrimination of sorting is reach 92% percent.
Coastal pasture use by Long-billed Curlews at the northern extent of their non-breeding range

The Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus), a declining species of Nearctic shorebird, winters as far north as Humboldt Bay, California, where it feeds principally in intertidal habitats but shifts to pastures with onset of seasonal rains. We studied variation in abundance and behavior of curlews in coastal pastures in relation to environmental variation that may influence the profitability of intertidal and pasture habitats as foraging sites. Curlews occurred in greater abundance in pastures during morning hours, when intertidal habitats were exposed for longer intervals during daylight hours, and coincident with greater rainfall. While using pastures, most curlews fed, and this proportion varied positively with intervals of lower tides in intertidal habitats. Pastures provide important foraging habitat for approximately one third of the 200-300 curlews wintering at Humboldt Bay, especially when inclement weather makes foraging in intertidal habitats difficult and increases food availability in pastures. SINOPSIS. Utilizacion de pastizales por Numenius americanus en el extremo norte de su distribu-
Serum antibodies to the 27-kd heat shock protein in women with gynecologic cancers

Abstract Objectives: Among women the association between heat shock protein immunity and cancer has been examined primarily for breast cancer. Autoantibodies to the 27-kd heat shock protein were detected in some patients with breast cancer but not in control subjects, and the presence of these antibodies was correlated with improved survival. We examined the relationship between autoimmunity to heat shock proteins and the diagnosis of malignancies of the female genital tract. Study Design: Serum samples from women seen for possible gynecologic malignancies or returning for evaluation after surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination for gynecologic cancers were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies to the 27-kd, 60-kd, 70-kd, and 90-kd heat shock proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the purified recombinant proteins bound to wells of a microtiter plate. Serum samples from women with no history of malignancies served as control preparations. Results: Antibodies to the 27-kd heat shock protein were detected in only 1 of 29 healthy control subjects (3.4%) and 1 of 23 women whose lesions were benign (4.3%). In marked contrast, 39 of 96 women with gynecologic cancers (40.6%) had positive antibody detection ( P =.0004 vs benign). The percentages of positive results seen for ovarian (17/34, 50%), endometrial (13/34, 38.2%), cervical and uterine (3/10, 30%), vaginal and vulvar (3/5, 60%), and other (3/13, 23.1%) cancers were not significantly different from each other. Similar prevalences of antibodies to the 27-kd heat shock protein were seen among patients with cancer who had untreated active disease and after treatment. Unlike the results with antibodies to the 27-kd heat shock protein there was no relationship between antibodies to the other heat shock proteins and any gynecologic cancer. Conclusion: Circulating autoantibodies to the 27-kd heat shock protein were found to be associated with malignancies of the female genital tract. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:18-21.)
Characterization of FadL-specific fatty acid binding in Escherichia coli

The product of the fadL gene (FadL) is a central component of the long-chain fatty acid transport system of Escherichia coli. When fatty acid activation is blocked by a mutation in the structural gene for acyl CoA synthetase (fadD) transport is inhibited allowing a FadL-specific fatty acid binding activity to be measured. This binding activity was 4- to 6-fold greater in the fadL+ fadD strain LS6928 when compared to the delta fadLfadD strain LS6929. With long-chain fatty acids, this binding activity was saturable and it was estimated that there were approx. 35,000 FadL-specific oleic acid binding sites per cell in the fadL+ strain LS6928. The FadL-specific fatty acid binding affinity was highest for oleic acid (18:1) and palmitic acid (16:0) giving apparent KD values of 2.3.10(-7) M and 8.8.10(-7) M, respectively. FadL-specific binding affinity of myristic acid (14:0) was nearly an order of magnitude less and no FadL-specific binding of decanoic acid (10:0) could be measured. Two lines of evidence suggest that FadL-fatty acid binding occurs by a hydrophobic interaction: (1) There was a preference for the long-chain substrates oleic acid and palmitic acid; and (2) oleic acid binding activity was not significantly changed over the pH range 5.0 to 8.0. The FadL-specific binding of oleic acid in the fadL+ strain LS6928 could be blocked by preincubation with antisera raised against purified FadL providing a clear correlation between the activity and identity of FadL. The binding activity associated with FadL was measured in vesicles of the outer membrane following passage over the hydrophobic resin Lipidex 1000. The KD of oleic acid binding attributable to FadL in outer membranes vesicles (6.0.10(-7) M) was in close agreement with that determined in whole cells. Overall, these studies demonstrated that FadL binds long-chain fatty acids with a relatively high affinity prior to their transport across the outer membrane.