cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Media in Technical Communication

This special issue addresses social media and their effects on the field of technical communication. Through various methodologies and distinct sites of inquiry—from research into ways knowledge workers use specific social media sites, to collaborations by scholars across the globe using social media and other technologies, to classroom practices that investigate social media—contributors consider the imbricated nature of social media in public life and its significance to our work as researchers and teachers.
An Acoustic System for Pipeline Profile Measurement

This paper presents an acoustic position measurement system used for precise three-dimensional flowline profile measurement. The system measures several points along the flowline using the long-baseline measurement technique and augments this measurement with depth telemetry repeaters to maintain elevation accuracy throughout the changing installation geometry. The paper discusses both the measurement system and the performance enhancement features. The paper concludes with a discussion of the hardware configuration and the accuracy that can be expected when the technique is extended into deeper operating areas.
Continent urinary diversion using preputial penile or clitoral skin flap.

AbstractPurpose: We report our efforts to create an ideal continent urinary catheterizable stoma.Materials and Methods: Our approach includes the creation of a continent stoma using a preputial penile island skin flap in male patients and a preputial clitoral island skin flap in female patients. The flaps are transposed suprapubically, tubularized and implanted in a nonrefluxing manner into the bladder or other urinary reservoir.Results: From 1994 to April 1995 the technique was performed in 14 male patients 4 months to 42 years old and 7 female patients 4 to 14 years old. Early results were satisfactory at 2 to 12 months of followup (mean 6).Conclusions: This technique could be an alternative to other methods of urinary continent diversion.
Sexual Orientation and Sexual Behavior among Latino and Asian Americans: Implications for Unfair Treatment and Psychological Distress

Research on the sexuality of Asians and Latinos in the United States has been sparse, and the studies that have been done suffer from a number of limitations. Using data from the National Latino and Asian American Study (2002-2003), this study examined self-identified sexual orientation and self-reported sexual behavior among Latinos (n = 2,554; age: M = 38.1, SE = 0.5) and Asians (n = 2,095; age: M = 41.5, SE = 0.8). This study also investigated implications for unfair treatment and psychological distress among sexual minorities identified in the sample. Results indicated heterogeneity in responses to items assessing sexual orientation and sexual behavior including differences in the adoption of lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) identity by gender, ethnicity, nativity, and socioeconomic status. LGB sexual minorities reported higher levels of unfair treatment and psychological distress compared to their non-LGB-identified sexual minority counterparts, and unfair treatment was positively associated with psychological distress. Results highlight the need to consider multiple demographic factors in assessing sexuality, and also suggest that measures of both self-identified sexual orientation and sexual behavior should be collected. In addition, findings provide support for the deleterious influence of unfair treatment among Asians and Latinos in the United States.
The 2-Visit CAD-CAM Implant-Retained Overdenture: A Clinical Report

Recently, computer-aided technology has become commercially available in the United States for fabrication of complete dentures. Manufacturers offering this technology require exclusive clinical and laboratory protocols that sharply contrast with the traditional paradigms of complete denture therapy. These protocols allow fabrication of complete dentures in only 2 clinical appointments. Currently, there are no clinical reports in the scientific literature describing the use of this technology for overdentures. This article describes the successful use of computer aided design-computer aided machining (CAD-CAM) technology for prosthodontic phase of fabrication of a mandibular implant-retained overdenture in only 2 clinical appointments. A discussion of the techniques, rationale, indications, advantages, and disadvantages of using CAD-CAM technology for complete dentures and overdentures are described in this article.
Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing of femtosecond pulses

We experimentally demonstrate the concept of simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing of femtosecond pulses. Our technique has the potential to significantly reduce background excitation which fundamentally limits the imaging depth in scattering biological specimens.
Sensitivity of the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule IV in Detecting Potentially Traumatic Childhood Maltreatment

This study examined the sensitivity of the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule IV (ADIS-IV) in detect- ing potentially traumatic childhood abuse experiences in a sample of 50 consecutive adult anxiety disorder patients. Of 13 patients who reported traumatic childhood maltreatment experiences using a behaviorally specific abuse history question- naire, seven failed to report these experiences during the ADIS-IV interview (a sensitivity of 46%). Findings suggest that the two omnibus gating questions on the ADIS-IV may be insufficient in capturing exposure to certain traumatic events, as stipulated by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This potential for under identification of trauma history suggests that caution is warranted regarding the use of the ADIS-IV to screen for self-reported trauma exposure in adult outpatients. Alternatives, including the use of PTSD-specific interviews and supplemental trauma event checklists, are discussed.
Modeling affiliations in networks

One way to help understand the structure of certain networks is to examine what common group memberships the actors in the network share. Linking actors to their common affiliations gives an alternative type of network commonly called an affiliation network. Recently, there have been several studies examining the problem of modeling the dynamics of a network through the changes in the affiliations of its actors. We examine the closely related problem of modeling the affiliations for a given network. We especially focus on the case of trying to mine these affiliations when the original network is potentially missing links.
Eigenstructure based partially adaptive array design

A procedure is presented for designing partially adaptive arrays having nearly fully adaptive performance under steady-state conditions. Theory predicts that the required adaptive dimension is less than or equal to the rank of the spatially/temporally correlated portion of the interference correlation matrix for arbitrary linearly constrained minimum-variance beamformers. Knowledge of the eigenstructure of the interference correlation matrix is required to implement a beamformer with this adaptive dimension. To avoid adaptive estimation of the eigenstructure, the eigenstructure of an averaged correlation matrix (which spans the interference scenarios of interest) is utilized, and the adaptive dimension is given by the rank of the averaged correlation matrix. Construction of a transformation for reducing adaptive dimension is addressed. Simulations illustrating the utility of the eigenstructure approach are provided. >
A 4 ns BiCMOS translation-lookaside buffer

A 64-entry fully associative TLB (translation-lookaside buffer) with a pin-to-pin translation delay of 3.6 ns is described. This translation speed is achieved by using BiCMOS content-addressable memory (CAM) and SRAM arrays wherein small signal swings are maintained throughout the critical translation path. A BiCMOS CAM cell that uses a single bipolar translator to drive the match line is introduced. The TLB has been integrated as a stand-alone chip in an 0.8- mu m BiCMOS technology. The circuit operates from a 5.2-V supply with ECL-compatible input and output levels. The power dissipation (excluding the power dissipated in the physical address output buffers) is less than 600 mW. >
Aiming the "unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics" at ecological theory

A good theory is focused without being blurred by extraneous detail or overgenerality. Yet ecological theories frequently fail to achieve this desirable middle ground. Here, we review the reasons for the mismatch between what theorists seek to achieve and what they actually accomplish. In doing so, we argue on pragmatic grounds against mathematical literalism as an appropriate constraint to mathematical constructions: such literalism would allow mathematics to constrain biology when the biology ought to be constraining mathematics. We also suggest a method for differentiating theories with the potential to be “unreasonably effective” from those that are simply overgeneral. Simple axiomatic assumptions about an ecological system should lead to theoretical predictions that can then be compared with existing data. If the theory is so general that data cannot be used to test it, the theory must be made more specific.
Development of a Novel BIM-Energy Use Ontology

The built environment provides a significant opportunity to reduce energy consumption and the associated environmental impacts. Researchers have focused on how Building Information Models (BIM) can be effectively used during the design phase to model energy efficient retrofits. However, research on the use of BIM during the operational phase to aid in energy conservation has been limited. The research presented in this paper focuses on the integration of real-time energy consumption data of building occupants into the spatial context through BIM. Real-time energy consumption data was collected and a standardized Industry Foundation Class (IFC) BIM with geometric, material and construction information was created for a test-bed building in New York City. To link data in the IFC with energy consumption data we developed a novel ontology that merges the existing IFC class hierarchy with newly defined energy use classes using relationship classes. The process entails the identification of the specific geometric information in a BIM that corresponds to energy usage.
An integrated feedback control approach for proportional slowdown differentiation on Internet servers

On Internet servers, there is an increasing demand for provisioning of fine-grained quality of service (QoS). Feedback control provides a sound way for such QoS provisioning by amortizing the effect of disturbances from unpredictable and dynamic server workloads. The performance of a feedback control approach is dependent on its agility to the workload changes. Queueing-model based prediction is effective in improving the agility. In this paper, we present a feedback control approach to manage the processing rate on Internet servers for QoS provisioning with respect to slowdown. Slowdown is the ratio of a request's queueing delay to its service time and reflects the requirement that all requests should be treated equally regardless of their resource requirements. The approach adjusts the processing rate of a class using an integral feedback controller according to measured deviations from the target slowdown ratios. For agility, a queueing-model based predictor is integrated to periodically estimates the processing rate of the class. The experimental results under various environment settings demonstrate the approach's effectiveness, robustness, and agility in providing proportional slowdown differentiation services.
Monocular virtual trajectory estimation with dynamical primitives

We present a method for monocular kinematic pose estimation and activity recognition from video for movement imitation. Learned vocabularies of kinematic motion primitives are used emulate the function of hypothesized neuroscientific models for spinal fields and mirror neurons in the process of imitation. For imitation, we assume the movement of a demonstrator is produced through a “virtual trajectory” specifying desired body poses over time. Each pose represents a decomposition into mirror neuron firing coefficients that specify the attractive dynamics to this configuration through a linear combination of primitives. Each primitive is a nonlinear dynamical system that predicts expected motion with respect to an underlying activity. Our aim is to invert this process by estimating a demonstrator’s virtual trajectory from monocular image observations in a bottom-up fashion. At our lowest level, pose estimates are inferred in a modular fashion through the use of a particle filter with each primitive. We hypothesize the likelihood of these pose estimates over time emulate the firing of mirror neurons from the formation of the virtual trajectory. We present preliminary results our method applied to video composed of multiple activities performed at various speeds and viewpoints.
Endovenous laser ablation of varicose veins: review of current technologies and clinical outcome.

Symptomatic lower extremity varicose veins represent one of the most common vascular conditions in the adult population. Associated symptoms ranged from mild conditions such as fatigue, heaviness, ...
Development of a 5T 2G HTS Magnet With a 20-cm-Diameter Bore

REBCO coated conductors known as second-generation (2G) high-temperature superconductor are expected to show high performance in superconducting applications because of their high mechanical strength and high current density in a magnetic field. Recently, there have been reports about fabricating impregnated REBCO coils. However, more characteristic data of REBCO coils with larger diameters are required in order to apply these conductors to practical superconducting applications. In this work, we fabricated a cryo-cooled high-temperature superconducting magnet, which was composed of 24 pancake coils with an inner diameter of 260 mm, using REBCO coated conductors. The total length of REBCO coated conductors was approximately 7.2 km. These conductors were laminated with a copper stabilizer and were fabricated by Fujikura Ltd. using ion-beam-assisted deposition and pulsed laser deposition methods. Before fabricating the magnet, all pancake coils were evaluated their V -I characteristics in liquid nitrogen, in order to confirm the characteristics without degradation. After the fabrication, the magnet was cooled down to 24 K by a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler. We excited the magnet up to 5 T, successfully.
Alcohol Vapor Sensors Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors

We have measured conductance of single-walled semiconducting carbon nanotubes in field-effect transistor (FET) geometry and investigated the device response to alcoholic vapors. We observe significant changes in FET drain current when the device is exposed to various kinds of alcoholic vapors. These responses are reversible and reproducible over many cycles of vapor exposure. Our experiments demonstrate that carbon nanotube FETs are sensitive to a wide range of alcoholic vapors.
Bringing Social Theory to Hazards Research Conditions and Consequences of the Mitigation of Environmental Hazards

This article relates some examples of current research on the mitigation of environmental hazards to recent sociological work in the theory of action. My intentions are to isolate common themes in an otherwise heterogeneous literature, to encourage debate on mitigation issues, and to enhance the legitimacy of this research program by bringing it to the center of contemporary theoretical concerns in the discipline. Much of the current debate in the field of mitigation still harbors implicit ties to sociological functionalism. These ties are made explicit and critiqued. It is argued that functional conceptions of mitigation present an unbalanced picture of mitigation as a reaction to potential extremes in the environment to the neglect of mitigation's active role in altering hazard potentials.
Aspects of Coronary Vasomotor Regulation

Matching the supply of blood and oxygen to the myocardial demand for oxygen is an essential function of the coronary regulatory system. The heart cannot tolerate a deficit of oxygen for more than a few seconds without harmful consequences, so that the regulatory system must respond rapidly to changes in oxygen demand or perfusion pressure. The matching of oxygen supply to myocardial oxygen demand can be examined in three main ways. One of them is to test autoregulation which may be defined as the response to a change in perfusion pressure when myocardial oxygen demand remains unchanged. To do this in the heart, the coronary artery must be cannulated so that changes in perfusion pressure have no or relatively little effect on myocardial oxygen demand. The second method is to examine the response during constant perfusion pressure to changed myocardial oxygen demand which may either be increased by pacing, increases in cardiac pressure or volume work, or infusion of metabolic stimulators like calcium or catecholamines, or may be decreased by decreasing cardiac pressure or volume work or by decreasing contractility. A subset of these experiments is to examine maximal flows induced by severe exercise or very rapid pacing. The third method is to examine the reactive hyperemic response; coronary flow is stopped for several seconds, and the hyperemic response after flow is restored is examined. It is possible that all these three methods are examining the same regulatory systems, except that reactive hyperemia only examines decreases in oxygen supply and definitely produces transient ischemia.
Electron gun design for high voltage piezoelectric accelerators

Piezoelectric transformers have been used to generate high voltage and are used to drive a compact electron accelerator in order to produce x-rays. Presented is an analysis of the electrostatic optics used to the increase maximum current density of the accelerator. Fowler-Nordheim analysis suggests that an electron beam produced by this accelerator reaches currents of 30 µA. This beam then impinges onto a high-z target where it is converted to x-rays via bremsstrahlung interactions. In order to maximize x-ray production, charged particle optics have been designed to focus the beam and increase current collected at the target. The target is then placed in the focus of the beam causing the number of incident electrons on its surface to increase as compared to the unfocused case. The electron beam is generated using a variety of cathodes on the output terminal of the piezoelectric transformer. A combination of finite-element simulations and experiments will be used to show how piezoelectric transformers perform as compact high-voltage electron beam accelerators and x-ray generators.
Immunocytochemistry in Diagnostic Cytology: A 12-Year Perspective

In recent years immunocytochemistry has become an important addition to diagnostic cytology. Its routine application in cytology, however, has not yet reached the practical levels it has achieved in diagnostic histopathology. This review examines the values and limitations of immunocytochemistry in diagnostic cytology and addresses some of the most common technical and analytical factors that can affect the outcome of the procedure.
A Correlation for Airflow Rate of Inclined and Vertical Solar Chimneys

The present work uses the results of a CFD model for a wide range of data points to develop a comprehensive correlation for dimensionless airflow rate of solar chimneys. The independent variables in this correlation include height of the chimney (normalized by the chimney depth), absorbing wall temperature and outdoor temperatures (normalized by indoor temperature) and slope of the chimney. This correlation is based on a large number of data produced for chimney angles as low as 30 degrees and as high as vertical chimney, resembling Trombe wall. Details of the CFD model implemented to obtain the data points and curve fitting analysis are presented in this paper. The usefulness of the correlation in evaluating performance of wide range solar chimneys is further discussed.
Reproductive Strategies of 3 Species of Ectoparasitic Wasps Are Modulated by the Response of the Fly Host Sarcophaga bullata (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) to Parasitism

Envenomation by the ectoparasitic wasps Nasonia vitripennis (Walker), Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner, and Trichomalopsis near americana (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) caused rapid death (within 24 h) or a developmental arrest in the fly host Sarcophaga bullata Parker (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). The dominant response of S. bullata to envenomation by any of the 3 wasps was an arrested or retarded development, the duration of which varied with wasp species and weight of the host. Although most flies (>50%) in arrested development did show some progression in pharate adult development, it was delayed by several days compared with unenvenomated flies and none eclosed as adults. A positive relationship was observed between the number of eggs deposited per host by the 2 gregarious wasps N. vitripennis and T. near americana and the duration of the induced developmental arrest. Such a relationship was not observed for the solitary wasp M. zaraptor , because larval fighting between 1st-instar siblings prohibited more than 1 adult wasp emerging from each fly puparium. Envenomation by all wasps resulted in elevated hemolymph lipid titers in S. bullata within 1—2 d after venom injection. The peak in host hemolymph lipid content correlated positively with clutch sizes for N. vitripennis and T. near americana , but not for M. zaraptor . This suggests that alterations in fly lipid metabolism are linked to developmental events associated with host arrestment that are essential to progeny development of the 2 gregarious species but that are not important to a solitary parasite such as M. zaraptor .
Profiles of Liquid Drops at the Tips of Cylindrical Fibers

In 1976, B. J. Carroll derived the equation to show that a symmetric liquid droplet sitting on a thin cylindrical fiber would acquire a bell shape at equilibrium. We have extended his derivation to describe a drop located at the top end of a vertical, cylindrical fiber. By minimizing the Gibbs free energy of the drop at the fiber tip, it was found that the drop consists of two portions, a spherical cap on the fiber tip and a full, symmetrical bell located on the fiber body adjacent to the fiber tip. The experimental verification of the predicted shapes was performed using water, ethylene glycol, and Kaydol drops on nylon cylindrical fibers. Only four parameters are required to obtain agreement between the theoretical shape and the observed shape: the drop volume, the fiber radius, the surface tension of the liquid, and the Young contact angle of the liquid on a flat surface of the same composition as the fiber.
Introduction to Sparsity in Signal Processing 1

These notes describe how sparsity can be used in several signal processing problems. A common theme throughout these notes is the comparison between the least square solution and the sparsity-based solution. In each case, the sparsity-based solution has a clear advantage. It must be emphasized that this will not be true in general, unless the signal to be processed is either sparse or has a sparse representation with respect to a known transform. To keep the explanations as clear as possible, the examples given in these notes are restricted to 1-D signals. However, the concepts, problem formulations, and algorithms can all be used in the multidimensional case as well. For a broader overview of sparsity and compressed sensing, see the June 2010 special issue of the Proceedings of the IEEE [5], the March 2006 issue of Signal Processing [15], or the 2011 workshop SPARS11 [22].
Free Notation Apps What Is Out There

Seven free notation apps for iPad are analyzed and described based on their usability in the classroom.
Analysis of malaria epidemic situation and trend in Jiande from 2004 to 2007

This article reviews the situation of malaria epidemic in Jiande during 2004-2007, including an outbreak in 2004. The reason of the malaria epidemic upturn is analized, and we estimate the trend basing on it. We also give suggestions to prevent another outbreak, that all the areas with similar situation should strengthen the epidemic control and surveillance.
Corrosion resistant aluminum inter connect for plastic encapsulated integrated circuits

The anodic processing of aluminum interconnect patterns provides a method of rendering aluminum interconnect compatible with non hermetic packaging. The presence of the barrier layer at the aluminum surface acts to greatly enhance the corrosion resistance of aluminum metal. The reliability of such interconnects on plastic encapsulated integrated circuits has been demonstrated. An evaluation of the dielectric properties of the anodic oxide of aluminum indicate properties which are compatible with single and multilevel interconnects for integrated circuits.
Analysis of Factors Contributing to Success or Failure of 1-Stage Urethroplasty for Urethral Stricture Disease

We reviewed charts with adequate documentation and followup (mean 24.6 months) between 1970 and 1987 of 110 patients who had undergone 1-stage urethroplasty for urethral stricture disease at our institutions. Two age peaks were observed, 1 in the younger population (21 to 30 years old) with traumatic strictures (50% of all strictures) and 1 in elderly men (61 to 70 years old) with mainly post-inflammatory strictures (28.2% of all strictures). The majority of all strictures (63.6%) were in the bulbous urethra. Only strictures induced by trauma were located in the membranous urethra (total 28.2%). A patch graft repair was used in 49.1% of all cases, an end-to-end technique in 29.1% and a transpubic repair in 21.8%. Overall, a 57% rate of excellent results was observed with 24% failures. The results were best for patch graft repairs (65% excellent), followed by end-to-end repairs (56% excellent) and transpubic repairs (42% excellent). The choice of the surgical approach in urethral stricture surgery is dictated by the location of the stricture. The location in turn is dependent on the etiology of the stricture. Consequently, the cause of the stricture affects the location and character of the stricture and, therefore, has an immediate impact on the choice of the surgical approach and, thus, the outcome of the patient. The failure rate doubled overall when the patients had a previous manipulation for the stricture disease or if the urine was infected preoperatively despite antibiotic coverage. While our patient population may not be representative for other institutions, some general conclusions regarding proper management and treatment selection can be drawn from our experience.
A fast and scalable algorithm for calculating the achievable capacity of a wireless mesh network

This paper considers the problem of rapidly determining the maximum achievable capacity of a multi-hop wireless mesh network subject to interference constraints. Being able to quickly determine the maximum supported flow in a wireless network has numerous practical applications for network planners and researchers. Current approaches for determining network capacity either provide asymptotic results that are not necessarily achievable, are computationally intractable and cannot be computed quickly, or are not generalizable to different interference constraints for emerging technologies. In this paper, we present a new algorithm to rapidly determine the maximum concurrent flow for an arbitrary number of unicast and multicast connections subject to arbitrary binary interference constraints, and provide a feasible route and schedule to support those flows. The solution provided by our algorithm is within O(δ–1) of the maximum possible flow, where δ is the maximum number of links that cannot be activated due to interference from some particular transmission.
Systemic disease manifestations associated with epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex.

SummaryObjective Epilepsy is one of the most disabling symptoms of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. The relationship between systemic disease manifestations and the presence of epilepsy has not been thoroughly investigated. This study utilizes a multicenter TSC Natural History Database including 1,816 individuals to test the hypothesis that systemic disease manifestations of TSC are associated with epilepsy. Methods Univariate analysis was used to identify patient characteristics (e.g., age, gender, race, and TSC mutation status) associated with the presence of epilepsy. Individual logistic regression models were built to examine the association between epilepsy and each candidate systemic or neurologic disease variable, controlling for the patient characteristics found to be significant on univariate analysis. Finally, a multivariable logistic regression model was constructed, using the variables found to be significant on the individual analyses as well as the patient characteristics that were significant on univariate analysis. Results Nearly 88% of our cohort had a history of epilepsy. After adjusting for age, gender, and TSC mutation status, multiple systemic disease manifestations including cardiac rhabdomyomas (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–3.9, p = 0.002), retinal hamartomas (OR 2.1, CI 1.0–4.3, p = 0.04), renal cysts (OR 2.1, CI 1.3–3.4, p = 0.002), renal angiomyolipomas (OR 3.0, CI 1.8–5.1, p < 0.001), shagreen patches (OR 1.7, CI 1.0–2.7, p = 0.04), and facial angiofibromas (OR 1.7, CI 1.1–2.9, p = 0.03) were associated with a higher likelihood of epilepsy. In the multivariable logistic regression model, cardiac rhabdomyomas (OR 1.9, CI 1.0–3.5, p = 0.04) remained significantly associated with the presence of epilepsy. Significance The identification of systemic disease manifestations such as cardiac rhabdomyomas that confer a higher risk of epilepsy development in TSC could contribute to disease prognostication and assist in the identification of individuals who may receive maximal benefit from potentially novel, targeted, preventative therapies.
What Does International Actually Mean for International Criminal Trials

AN OVERVIEW OF THREE INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE INSTITUTIONS International criminal tribunals share many attributes of their antecedents, domestic courts. Trials at the ICTR and ICTY, like their common law counterparts, are propelled by the adversarial process wherein the prosecution musters its best case against the accused on the basis of the available evidence, and defense counsel contests the prosecution's claims wherever possible. Although many conventional, domestic courtroom procedures can also be identified in international tribunals, the latter institutions possess a variety of unique structural and procedural attributes as well. Institutions such as the ICC, ICTR, and ICTY are sited outside the institutional framework of the nation-state, and they are not subjected to the usual supervision and regulation of a state justice ministry. Even though they are heavily dependent on nation-states for their daily operations, each international court proudly declares its independence from national legal traditions, with the ICTY, for instance, claiming that it constitutes “a sui generis institution with its own rules of procedure[,] which do not merely constitute a transposition of legal systems.” The ICTY's rules of procedure and evidence are not entirely drawn from either the Anglo-American system or the Continental civil law system, and tribunal statements appropriately define the ICTY and ICTR as a “hybrid system.” The combination of international courts' distinctive institutional position and their singular rules and procedures means that stock critiques of domestic courts are not directly applicable and may require rethinking.
Suppressors of Superoxide-H2O2 Production at Site IQ of Mitochondrial Complex I Protect against Stem Cell Hyperplasia and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Summary Using high-throughput screening we identified small molecules that suppress superoxide and/or H 2 O 2 production during reverse electron transport through mitochondrial respiratory complex I (site I Q ) without affecting oxidative phosphorylation (suppressors of site I Q electron leak, "S1QELs"). S1QELs diminished endogenous oxidative damage in primary astrocytes cultured at ambient or low oxygen tension, showing that site I Q is a normal contributor to mitochondrial superoxide-H 2 O 2 production in cells. They diminished stem cell hyperplasia in Drosophila intestine in vivo and caspase activation in a cardiomyocyte cell model driven by endoplasmic reticulum stress, showing that superoxide-H 2 O 2 production by site I Q is involved in cellular stress signaling. They protected against ischemia-reperfusion injury in perfused mouse heart, showing directly that superoxide-H 2 O 2 production by site I Q is a major contributor to this pathology. S1QELs are tools for assessing the contribution of site I Q to cell physiology and pathology and have great potential as therapeutic leads.
Label free checkerboard assay to determine overlapping epitopes of Ebola virus VP-40 antibodies using surface plasmon resonance

Immunoassay formats, in which antibodies provide sensitivity and specificity, are often utilized to provide rapid and simple diagnostic tests. Surface plasmon resonance is frequently used to evaluate the suitability of antibodies by determining binding kinetics to agents or surrogate antigens. We used SPR to evaluate a number of commercial monoclonal antibodies as well as single domain antibodies produced in-house. All the antibodies targeted the Ebola virus viral protein 40 (VP40). We determined the ability of each antibody to bind to immobilized VP40, and ensured they did not bind Ebola glycoprotein or the nucleoprotein. A subset of the monoclonal antibodies was immobilized to characterize antigen capture in solution. It can be advantageous to utilize antibodies that recognize distinct epitopes when choosing reagents for detection and diagnostic assays. We determined the uniqueness of the epitope recognized by the anti-VP40 antibodies using a checkerboard format that exploits the 6×6 array of interactions monitored by the Bio-Rad ProteOn XPR36 SPR instrument. The results demonstrate the utility of surface plasmon resonance to characterize monoclonal and recombinant antibodies. Additionally, the analysis presented here enabled the identification of pairs of anti-VP40 antibodies which could potentially be utilized in sandwich type immunoassays for the detection of Ebola virus.
Effect of Prior Information on Bayesian Membership Calculations for Nearby Young Star Associations

We present a refined moving group membership diagnostics scheme based on Bayesian inference. Compared to the BANYAN II method, we improved the calculation by updating bona fide members of a moving group, field star treatment, and uniform spatial distribution of moving group members. Here, we present the detailed description of our method and the new results for Bayesian membership calculation. Comparison of our method with BANYAN II shows probability differences up to ~90%. We conclude that more cautious consideration is needed in moving group membership based on Bayesian inference.
Cultural Values and Their Impact on Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) Behavior: An Extended Abstract

Studies have established that word of mouth is heavily influenced by culture and has a significant impact on consumers’ purchase decisions. However, there is limited research examining the effect of cultural values in detail when it comes to electronic word of mouth (eWOM). Only antecedents and consequences of eWOM, and a few eWOM characteristics such as volume, ratings, and content, have been shown to be different across countries. Using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, we examine the role of cultural values in two important areas of eWOM: the accumulation of eWOM over time and the impact of eWOM on consumers’ purchase behaviors.
Optimization of the crystal growth of the superconductor CaKFe4As4 from solution in the FeAs−CaFe2As2−KFe2As2 system

Obtaining single crystals of CaKFe${}_{4}$As${}_{4}$ is a significant challenge due to intergrowth of CaFe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ and KFe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$. Guided by physical property measurements and concepts of phase equilibria, the authors adjusted the growth procedure to obtain phase pure single crystals. In addition, results of their many growth attempts provide a glimpse of the quaternary Ca-K-Fe-As phase diagram. Insights and concepts presented in this case study will aid other researchers grappling with difficult syntheses.
A Recombinant 47-kDa Outer Membrane Protein Induces an Immune Response against Orientia tsutsugamushi Strain Boryong.

Abstract. We investigated the 47-kDa outer membrane protein (OMP), which is a periplasmic serine protease and an antigenic major surface protein of Orientia tsutsugamushi, as a vaccine candidate. We developed a conventional subunit vaccine expressing recombinant 47-kDa OMP (rec47) and a DNA vaccine (p47). In mouse immunization experiments, intranasal immunization with rec47 alone or with rec47 plus heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit from Escherichia coli or plus cholera toxin (CT) as adjuvants induced a higher amount of rec47-specific antibodies than intramuscular immunization with p47 alone or with p47 plus pBOOST2-samIRF7/3 (pB) as adjuvant. Moreover, the combination of rec47 and CT induced a strong cellular immune response to 47-kDa OMP, as demonstrated by a spleen cell proliferation assay, and also induced Th1- and Th2-type cytokine production, as demonstrated by a cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intranasal immunization with rec47 plus CT was the most effective method for the induction of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Furthermore, relatively strong protection against homologous O. tsutsugamushi strain Boryong challenge was observed in mice immunized with rec47 plus CT. Therefore, 47-kDa OMP is an attractive candidate for developing a prophylactic vaccine against scrub typhus by O. tsutsugamushi infection.
Stock raising and winter sheep camps in south-central Wyoming (1880–1957): An ethnoarchaeological example:

Winter sheep camp locations on one ranch in south-central Wyoming are strongly influenced by particular landscape and topographic attributes. A patterned distribution of camps is suggested from bot...
On Generalized Sasaki Projections

Let L be an orthoalgebra, and let ??(L) be the complete lattice of filters on L.We describe a natural mapping Δ: L × ??(L) → ??(L) that specializes to thefamiliar Sasaki map in the case that L is an orthomodular lattice. The mappingΔ is related to the generalized Sasaki map of Bennett and Foulis. The twomappings are essentially the same if L is an orthomodular poset, but can be quitedifferent even for rather well-behaved orthoalgebras.
Fluorimetric Measurements in Enzyme Immunoassays

The sensitivity of enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) depends on the specificity and avidity of the immunochemical reagents, the specific activity of the enzyme label, and the detection limit of the enzyme product. When the antibody and enzyme systems have been optimized, the ability to detect the enzyme product controls assay sensitivity. When applicable, one of the simplest and most sensitive quantitative methods is fluorimetry. Colorimetry is limited to the parts per billion (10 -3µg/mL) level whereas fluorimetry achieves parts per trillion (10 6µg/mL) and, with the use of laser excitation, even sub-parts per trillion detection limits (Bradley and Zare, 1976, and Imasaka and Zare, 1979). This advantage is because fluorimetry measures a signal increase above relatively low background luminescence while colorimetry measures a small decrease due to absorbance from a large signal of transmitted light. Using fluorimetric microscopy, Rotman (1961) was able to detect single molecules of the enzyme β-galactosidase. Under more practical circumstances, the detection limits of fluorimetry are frequently limited by background fluorescence such as that arising from serum or other biological samples.
The role of “omics” technologies for livestock sustainability

Un exitoso programa de seguridad alimentaria de una poblacion en crecimiento necesita una produccion mas eficiente y sostenible del ganado para asegurar la disponibilidad de alto valor nutritivo, y tambien la salud y el bienestar de los seres humanos y los animales, y proteccion del medio ambiente. Innovaciones y avances tecnologicos vendran de la investigacion basica y fundamental. En particular, la integracion de la genomica con otros campos de investigacion '' OMIC '' y metodos computacionales, posiblemente, facilitar la comprension de los mecanismos biologicos que son responsables de los atributos fisicos o fenotipos de animales. Ejemplos OMIC de diversos metodos y sus aplicaciones se describen para demostrar los avances recientes y como estos metodos se pueden aplicar a la produccion animal. Los avances en la investigacion en genomica y otros campos omicas se pueden utilizar para aumentar la productividad de los animales, satisfacer la creciente demanda de alimentos de origen animal, aumentar la disponibilidad de nutrientes de alta calidad, garantizar la seguridad alimentaria, mitigar los efectos de la variabilidad climatico, y el resultado en nuevas tecnologias que favorezcan un mejor seguridad de los alimentos en todo el mundo.
The Effects of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring on Sleep Quality in Men and Women With Hypertension: Dipper vs. Nondipper and Race Differences.

BACKGROUND The nondipping circadian blood pressure (BP) profile is associated with both poor sleep quality and increased cardiovascular risk. The present study aimed to clarify the potential confounding effects of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) used to characterize the circadian BP profile by assessing its impact on sleep quality. METHODS Participants were 121 middle-aged men and women with untreated hypertension (age = 46 ± 8 years; 43% women; 45% African-American). Subjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Wrist actigraphy was used to measure sleep quality objectively as sleep efficiency (SE) and total sleep time (TST) on 7 consecutive non-ABPM days (baseline) and 3 subsequent 24-hour ABPM days. RESULTS Average ambulatory BP was 137.2 ± 10.8/84.3 ± 8.5 mm Hg during the day and 119.6 ± 12.4/69.5 ± 9.8 mm Hg at night. Using the criterion of <10% dip in systolic BP (SBP) to define nondippers, there were 40 nondippers (SBP dip = 7.3 ± 2.6%) and 81 dippers (SBP dip = 15.5 ± 3.4%). There was no effect of time on SE or TST over non-ABPM and ABPM days, suggesting that ABPM does not adversely affect sleep quality. Sleep quality was generally poorer (lower SE) in nondippers compared with dippers (P = 0.033), but differences were independent of whether or not participants were undergoing 24-hour ABPM. African-American race (P = 0.002) was also associated with lower SE. CONCLUSION Sleep quality generally appears to be poor in men and women with untreated hypertension and especially among African-Americans. Importantly, for both dippers and nondippers, we found no evidence that ABPM had an adverse effect on sleep quality.
Determining Longitudinal Integral Turbulence Scales in the Near-Neutral Atmospheric Surface Layer

We briefly assess approaches used to date for the estimation of the longitudinal integral turbulence scale $$L_u^x$$ in the near-neutral atmospheric surface layer, and propose an approach based on recent theory and measurements. A closed-form expression is derived according to which $$L_u^x$$ is proportional to the height z above the surface. The factor of proportionality depends upon two non-dimensional parameters: the measured lowest Monin frequency $$f_s$$ for which the non-dimensional spectrum conforms to Kolmogorovs two-thirds law, and the ratio $$\beta = \overline{u^2}/{u_{*}^2}$$ , where $$\overline{u^2}$$ and $$u_{*}$$ denote the mean square value of the longitudinal velocity fluctuations and the friction velocity, respectively.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Subject-oriented Business Process Management

S-BPM ONE 2016 was the 8th conference of the S-BPM ONE series. This eight edition was dedicated to 'Recent Advances in Process-Oriented Thinking and Process-Driven Developments' and according to its tradition, it brought together researchers, educators, practitioners, and consultants.
Assessment of Machine Learning vs Standard Prediction Rules for Predicting Hospital Readmissions

Importance Hospital readmissions are associated with patient harm and expense. Ways to prevent hospital readmissions have focused on identifying patients at greatest risk using prediction scores. Objective To identify the type of score that best predicts hospital readmissions. Design, Setting, and Participants This prognostic study included 14 062 consecutive adult hospital patients with 16 649 discharges from a tertiary care center, suburban community hospital, and urban critical access hospital in Maryland from September 1, 2016, through December 31, 2016. Patients not included as eligible discharges by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services or the Chesapeake Regional Information System for Our Patients were excluded. A machine learning rank score, the Baltimore score (B score) developed using a machine learning technique, for each individual hospital using data from the 2 years before September 1, 2016, was compared with standard readmission risk assessment scores to predict 30-day unplanned readmissions. Main Outcomes and Measures The 30-day readmission rate evaluated using various readmission scores: B score, HOSPITAL score, modified LACE score, and Maxim/RightCare score. Results Of the 10 732 patients (5605 [52.2%] male; mean [SD] age, 54.56 [22.42] years) deemed to be eligible for the study, 1422 were readmitted. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for individual rules was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.61-0.65) for the HOSPITAL score, which was significantly lower than the 0.66 for modified LACE score (95% CI, 0.64-0.68;P Conclusions and Relevance Among 3 hospitals in different settings, an automated machine learning score better predicted readmissions than commonly used readmission scores. More efficiently targeting patients at higher risk of readmission may be the first step toward potentially preventing readmissions.
Analytical method to switch from required net section modulus into required gross section modulus for shipbuilding structural profiles

A method is proposed for finding the corresponding required gross section modulus of stiffeners/girders when the classification societies’ Rules for net section modulus of stiffeners/girders are used. This allows for correct judgment about the compliance of the offered stiffeners/girders against the Rules’ requirements. As in the Rules, evenly distributed corrosion allowance is used.