cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rhyolite lava emplacement dynamics inferred from surface morphology

Abstract The morphology of a silicic lava is created by the fluid dynamic conditions that operated during flow. Careful analysis of these features can thus be used to reconstruct emplacement processes. We used unoccupied aerial system and structure-from-motion photogrammetry techniques to collect centimeter-scale spatial resolution imagery of the surfaces of South Coulee and Obsidian Dome rhyolite lavas (Mono-Inyo Craters, USA). We supplement the newly acquired orthomosaics and digital elevation models with existing imagery of other Holocene rhyolite lavas from across the western USA, including Rock Mesa Dome (South Sister, OR), Newberry Flow (South Sister, OR), Obsidian Flow (Newberry, OR), Interlake Flow (Newberry, OR), and Banco Bonito Flow (Valles Caldera, NM). Although many morphologic features exist, we restrict our quantitative analyses to the recurrent ridges and blocks of loose rubble that are common to the flows. Ridge spacing and ridge vergence indicate the ridges are likely folds produced by compression during emplacement. Pressure ridge spacings range from 27 to 45 m at South Coulee and 18 to 34 m on Obsidian Dome. Spacing generally decreases with distance from the vent across both lavas. Ridge amplitudes range from 4 to 17 m at both lavas and show little correlation with distance from the vent. The vergence of the crest of the ridges in the flow interiors points back to the source vent, which provides strong evidence for endogenous flow and the backward rotation of folds produced by undertow of the underlying lava. Ridges near flow margins verge towards the flow front, demonstrating that exogenous flow becomes increasingly important at the point of advance. In both South Coulee and Obsidian Dome block sizes are largest near the vent, and gradually decrease towards the flow front. The gradual decrease in block size with increasing distance from the vent likely reflects decreasing effusion rates from the conduit. We interpret our high-resolution field measurements under the lens of analytical solutions to fluid dynamic models to estimate emplacement timescales and associated rates. We calculate relatively abbreviated eruptive timescales ranging from 1 month to
Chlamydia trachomatis is not an important cause of abnormal postcoital tests in ovulating patients.

To examine the role of Chlamydia trachomatis infections of the cervix and abnormal postcoital tests (PCT) in a general infertility clinic, 63 consecutive patients undergoing a midcycle PCT during a routine infertility workup underwent endocervical curettage, and a 10-ml blood sample was obtained. The endocervical tissue was cultured for C . trachomatis; the serum sample was analyzed for chlamydial IgG and IgM antibodies using an indirect micro immunofluorescence assay. A negative titer was considered to be≤1:8 dilution for IgG antibodies and≤1:32 dilution for IgM antibodies. A good PCT was defined as≥5 motile sperm per high power field (HPF). A poor PCT was defined as C . trachomatis obtained during PCTs were negative. All IgM chlamydial antibody titers were negative (≤1:32 dilution), 55 (87.3%) of the patients having a zero titer. Eleven (17.5%) of the patients had negative IgG chlamydial antibody titers (≤1:8 dilution), none of the patients had a 1:16 dilution, and 52 (82.5%) had positive IgG chlamydial antibody titers (≥1:32 dilution). Thus, chlamydial infections of the endocervix are rare and not commonly associated with poor PCTs in this patient population.
Mādhvas Tolerating Rival Truth Claims: Disagreement, Dialogue and Discernment

In a pluralistic society, there are assumptions about the ways that religious communities ought, and ought not, to react to one another. Such modes of civility seem required in a secular democracy. The Mādhva school of Vedānta, whose origins are found in thirteenth-century India, anticipated a multicultural religious and philosophical landscape and prescribed strategies that fostered a robust saṃvāda (discussion and debate) that helped to sustain the tradition and may even be applied to contemporary and secular worlds.
Mitochondrial dynamics in cancer stem cells

Many tumors are now understood to be heterogenous cell populations arising from a minority of epithelial-like cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs demonstrate distinctive metabolic signatures from the more differentiated surrounding tumor bulk that confer resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic regimens and potential for tumor relapse. Many CSC phenotypes including metabolism, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cellular signaling pathway activity, and others, arise from altered mitochondrial function and turnover, which are regulated by constant cycles of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Further, recycling of mitochondria through mitophagy in CSCs is associated with maintenance of reactive oxygen species levels that dictate gene expression. The protein machinery that drives mitochondrial dynamics is surprisingly simple and may represent attractive new therapeutic avenues to target CSC metabolism and selectively eradicate tumor-generating cells to reduce the risks of metastasis and relapse for a variety of tumor types.
The Labour of Black Love: James Cone, Womanism, and the Future of Black Men’s Theologies

Following James Cone’s death, Black male theologians must ask how we might properly honour his influence upon our ongoing work, while reckoning with its limits in relation to his struggle to fully ...
Timber harvesting on fragile ground and impacts of uncertainties in the operational costs

Forested wetlands with high water tables are sensitive to disruption from harvesting yet support commercially desired tree species like northern white-cedar. Winter harvest was conducted in Maine, ...
Solve This: Math Activities for Students and Clubs

This book is a collection of intriguing mathematical problems and activities linked by common themes that involve working with objects from our everyday experience. Learn about the mathematical mysteries of a bagel, a checkerboard, and a pile of laundry, for example. Discover for yourself that wheels need not be round, that braids need not have free ends, that it is always best to turn around twice-and more! Mathematics is all around us. We all do mathematics everyday. This book irresistibly tempts the reader to embark on a journey of investigation and discovery. All the activities are immediate, catchy and fun, but upon investigation begin to unfold into surprising layers of depth and new perspectives. The necessary mathematics in increasing levels of sophistication is fully explained along the way, but readers may amend the journey in any way to match their mathematical abilities. Elementary, middle and high school students, college students and mathematics majors, faculty from all divisions and professional mathematicians, as well as self-described math phobics have all enjoyed these activities and have all attained a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment from them. Mathematics educators will find this an invaluable resource of fresh and innovative approaches to topics in mathematics. No preparatory learning is needed to dive right in! You will enjoy doing these activities even more as part of a group event. Whether you are a student or an instructor, anxious or comfortable with math, or just curious about mathematics, you will be challenged and delighted by the activities descibed herein.
Signalling pathways in Drosophila and vertebrate retinal development

The near-catholic conservation of paired box gene 6 (Pax6) and its supporting cast of retinal determination genes throughout the animal kingdom has sparked a scientific war over the evolutionary origins of the eye. The battle pits those who support a polyphyletic history for the eye against those who argue for a common ancestor for all 'seeing' animals. Recent papers have shed light on how eyes in both vertebrates and invertebrates are patterned. New insights into the roles that signal-transduction cascades might have in determining the Drosophila melanogaster eye indicate that, like many developmental processes, eye specification is an inductive process.
Blur the boundary between the virtual and the real

This paper describes our continued exploration into virtual technology, and implementation of a remotely-accessible laboratory teaching environment that combines virtual technology with physical networking equipment. Problematic communication between the virtual and physical devices is discussed, and our solution is presented. Interestingly, the solution has blurred the distinction between virtual and physical. One exciting outcome of this work is the ability for Distance Education (DE) students to participate in laboratory exercises that were previously restricted to a physical classroom. Benefits derived from a virtualized design include significant cost savings in equipment purchases, ease of laboratory equipment management, and increased face-to-face and DE student accessibility to laboratory equipment regardless of time or location.
Process of infection with bacteriophage øX174: XIV. Studies on macromolecular synthesis during infection with a lysis-defective mutant

Bacterial DNA, total RNA and protein synthesis have been studied in Escherichia coli C infected with a lysis-defective mutant of bacteriophage oX174. It has been found that host DNA synthesis ceases about 12 to 14 minutes after infection at 40°C, whereas RNA and protein synthesis continue throughout the infection. Host DNA synthesis does not stop when chloramphenicol (30 or 100 μg/ml.) is present before and during the infection. This result indicates that a phage-specific protein is responsible for the cessation of host DNA synthesis.
Simulation-based operations planning for regional transportation systems

Traffic congestion resulted in an estimated cost of $69.5 in extra delays and wasted fuel in 75 urban areas in the U.S. in 2001 [1]. Over 6 million crashes occur each year in the U.S., resulting in over 40,000 fatalities and an estimated $150 billion in economic loss [2, 3]. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are being deployed to attack these problems [3]. However, existing ITS deployments are "infrastructure heavy," relying largely on roadside sensors, cameras, networks, etc. leading to high maintenance costs. It is often difficult for government agencies to obtain adequate funding to keep these systems fully operational, causing some systems to fall into disrepair, severely degrading their effectiveness.
Mr. Justice Frankfurter on the Construction of Statutes

In government too, form follows function. It is not blind chance that in democratic systems the power to make legislative policy is parceled out along with political responsiblity, while the function of fitting general law to concrete cases belongs to those who are made "independent" of political pressure. This is implicit in the separation of powers. The difficulty is that while legislative and judicial functions are distinct at their cores, their peripheral boundaries inevitably overlap, for law-making is not an exact science. Legislation is essentially a compromise between Utopia and the status quo, and rationality is seldom the key to compromise. Nor is human foresight equal to the legislator's job. He, like the rest of us, cannot anticipate all the implications of his policy nor fully comprehend his own purposes before the test of application. The common language in which statutes must be written is less than mathematically precise. Moreover, play must be allowed for the joints of the machine, for government after all is experiment.' The legislator's inability, then, to provide specifically for every stubborn fact within the general ambit of his purpose must be made good by the judge. And so, their functions legitimately overlap in the narrow interstice between precept and concrete application. As Learned Hand has put it:2
Mouse liver microsomal hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: NADPH generation and utilization in monooxygenation reactions

Abstract Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) activity in washed hepatic microsomes from male ICR mice, when assayed with NADP+ and deoxyglucose-6-phosphate, was partially latent. Brief sonication or detergents activated H6PD causing an approximately 4- and 8.5-fold increase in NADPH generation respectively. The sonicated microsomes exhibited H6PD-linked N-demethylase activity toward aminopyrine. This activity was best sustained in the presence of deoxyglucose-6-phosphate, while galactose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and glucose were less effective. Reaction media containing sonicated microsomes, NADP+ and deoxyglucose-6-phosphate also catalyzed N-demethylation of p-chloro-N-methylaniline, N, N-dimethylaniline and nicotine, O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole, p-hydroxylation of aniline, ring hydroxylation of biphenyl at the 2- and 4-positions, dearylation of parathion, and the N-oxidation of N,N-dimethylaniline. In general, the hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-linked monooxygenation rates were 60% or more of those observed in the presence of exogenous NADPH.
Virilizing adrenocortical adenoma studied by selective adrenal venography

A 15-year-old girl with primary amenorrhea, hirsutism, and enlargement of the clitoris was found to have an increased titer of the urinary neutral 17-ketosteroids which failed to decrease after the administration of dexamethasone and an adrenal tumor was demonstrable on venography. Analysis of the adrenal venous effluent revealed gradients on the side of the tumor for testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Following removal of the tumor, the hirsutism improved markedly, the menses returned, and sexual maturation progressed.
A method for the identification of guinea pig blood meal in the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma infestans

In a SINE-based PCR assay, a primer set specific for guinea pig genome short interspersed elements DNA was used to test the utility of genomic markers for identifying the source of vertebrate blood meals of Triatoma infestans. The investigation consisted of two assays. In Assay 1, thirty-six insects, collected from the Province of Zudanez in Chuquisaca, Bolivia were frozen 1–40 hours after feeding, under controlled conditions, on guinea pigs. The species of the vertebrate host was confirmed from dissection of the posterior part of the abdomen of each insect followed by DNA extraction and PCR amplification. Assay 2 investigated whether the technique worked under field conditions. We analyzed the bloodmeal of 34 insects collected from households and peri-domestic structures from communities where wild and captive guinea pigs occur. After collection, the insects were maintained at room temperature for 2 months without feeding and then analyzed. In Assay 1, each of the 36 insects allowed to feed on guinea pig blood tested positive for guinea pig DNA. The guinea pig DNA was reliably identified in as little as 1 hour and up to 40 hours after feeding. For Assay 2, 8 out of the 34 samples (23%) showed positive results with guinea pig specific primers. The results in assay 1 demonstrated that DNA from the vertebrate host can be amplified 1–40 hours post feeding from the abdomen of the blood-feeding Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans. The results in assay 2 confirmed that the procedure works on insects collected from households and peri-domestic structures and that the source of a blood meal can be determined at least 2 months post feeding.
FRACTURE IN VISCOELASTIC SOLIDS

ABSTRACT In viscoelastic solids the energy approach and the model of fracture without cohesive forces is applied to the study of fracture processes due to crack propagation and debonding of a thin rigid inclusion. The adopted model is shown to describe fracture kinetics. The classical problems on stable and unstable cracks in a unbounded medium are considered. It is found that a fracture delay takes place in a certain range of loading. The fracture problem of a viscoelastic body reinforced by a rigid inclusion is treated. The kinetics of the debonding process is studied; it is important for the determination of the strength of composites.
Hate Thy Neighbor: Move-In Violence and the Persistence of Racial Segregation in American Housing

Acknowledgments Introduction: Violence and the Neighborhood Color Line 1. The Roots of Contemporary Move-In Violence 2. The Contemporary Dynamics of Move-In Violence 3. Anti-Integrationist Violence and the Tolerance-Violence Paradox4. Racism or Power? Explaining Perpetrator Motivation in Interethnic Cases5. When Class Trumps Race: Explaining Perpetrator Motivation in Interclass Cases6. Responding to Neighborhood Hate Crimes Conclusion: The Reality of Anti-Integrationist Violence and Prospects for IntegrationNotes Index About the Author
Neutronics Analysis of a Molten Salt Blanket for the HAPL Laser Fusion Power Plant with Magnetic Intervention

A blanket concept made of SiC/SiC composite and utilizing Flibe as coolant and tritium breeder has been developed and integrated with the magnetic intervention system. To achieve tritium self-sufficiency, a 1 cm thick Be insert is utilized in the first wall coolant channel. All magnet, vacuum vessel, and personnel shielding requirements can be satisfied. The nuclear performance parameters of this blanket were compared to those of a lithium-lead blanket in two chamber core configurations. Because of the lighter blanket and shield weight that needs to be supported, the higher thermal power, and the lower electrical conductivity, the Flibe blanket option is particularly well suited for a laser fusion power plant with magnetic intervention.
Implant survival rates may not exceed those of compromised but adequately treated and maintained teeth.

Article title and bibliographic information Tooth preservation or implant placement: A systematic review of long-term tooth and implant survival rates. Levin L, Halperin-Sternfeld M. J Am Dent Assoc 2013;144(10):1119-133 Reviewer Frank C. Setzer, DMD, PhD, MS Purpose/Question What are the long-term survival rates for tooth preservation and dental implants? Source of funding Information not reported Type of study/Design Systematic review Level of evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of recommendation grade Grade B: Inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence
Duodenum-preserving head resection for chronic pancreatitis: an institutional experience and national survey of usage.

Background Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resections (DPPHRs) have been shown in European randomized clinical trials to be superior to pancreaticoduodenectomy for chronic pancreatitis, but DPPHR procedures have been slow to be adopted in the United States. Methods To assess national attitudes of surgeons toward DPPHR, a web-based survey was administered to the U.S. members of the Pancreas Club, which is a national organization of pancreatic surgeons. We also performed a retrospective review of 21 DPPHRs, performed by the senior author, for chronic pancreatitis between January 2000 and March 2005. Results The web-based national survey was completed by 64 of 118 members of the Pancreas Club (54.24%). Of the 59 surgeons who perform operations for chronic pancreatitis, 34 had performed a DPPHR at least once. Only 23 U.S. surgeons continue to perform these procedures. Most surgeons who are not performing DPPHRs responded that, despite the published literature, existing procedures such as the Whipple and Puestow were better procedures. In our clinical series, 12 men and 9 women with a mean age of 48.2 ± 9.6 years underwent DPPHR. The median length of stay was 9 days with 6 patients (28%) who had complications in the postoperative period. Ten of 20 potentially evaluable patients completed a visual analog pain scale and EORTC C-30 quality-of-life questionnaire. Pancreatic functioning approached the normal range in all domains. As compared with a general population of patients with chronic pancreatitis, significant improvement occurred in pancreatic-related pain and digestive function. Self-reported pain was significantly better after operation than before operation. Conclusions DPPHR provides excellent functional results with relatively low postoperative morbidity and duration of stay. These procedures are underused in the United States, with very few surgeons who use, teach them, or report their results.
Nutrition and head and neck cancer

The role of nutrition in patients with head and neck cancer, specifically squamous cell carcinoma, is underappreciated. The composition of the diet can contribute to carcinogenesis, and specific nutrients may offer some protection in the presence of known carcinogens (ie, tobacco). Patients with head and neck cancer are frequently malnourished, which may have prognostic implications for the morbidity and outcome of therapies. Although the benefits of preoperative nutritional supplementation have been demonstrated only in severely malnourished patients, the use of immune-enhancing formulas may prove to be beneficial. Special consideration should be given to the nutritional needs and possible interactions of diet and therapy in patients receiving radiation and chemotherapy. Physicians should be cognizant of the widespread use of alternative diets and nutritional supplements that can be harmful and may interact with standard treatments. New knowledge regarding the role of nutrition in cancer offers hope for the nutritional chemoprevention of head and neck cancers.
The Animal Welfare Act and why it matters to librarians

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief history of the Animal Welfare Act and suggest that librarians and other information professionals can play an active role in helping researchers to comply with the Act.Design/methodology/approach – The author attended workshops directed towards Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC) and Biomedical Researchers. As a result of attending these workshops, the author recognized the potential for librarians and information specialists to assist researchers in performing literature searches, a required component of research protocols. The purpose of the literature search is to seek alternatives to the use of animals in experiments and to ensure that the researchers are not unnecessarily duplicating previous experiments. A research guide consisting of proprietary databases, free databases, books, web sites, and tutorials facilitates the literature review mandated by the Act.Findings – While serving on his institution's Animal Care and Use Com...
Reduction of Toxicity of Cationic Macromolecules by Complexing with Anionic Derivatives of Synthetic Polyglucoses

Reduction of Toxicity of Cationic Macromolecules by Complexing with Anionic Derivatives of Synthetic Polyglucoses
OPTICAL ABSORPTION AND REFLECTION SPECTRA OF NA+(C222)NA-

The optical absorbance from 6000 to 29 000 cm-1 of vapor deposited thin films and dilute solutions of Na+(C222)Na-, as well as the reflectance from 4000 to 25 000 cm-1 of oriented single crystals, were measured. The major common feature is a broad band centered at approximately 15 600 cm-1 (1.94 eV). The film spectra also have a shoulder at 18 900 cm-1 (2.34 eV) and a smaller, broad peak at 24 400 cm-1 (3.03 eV) that are not present in the solution spectra. While the solution peak broadened somewhat and shifted dramatically to lower energy with an increase in temperature, the film peak shifted only slightly because of broadening on the low-energy side, indicative of phonon-assisted excitation. As expected from the anisotropic structure, the features of the reflection spectra at near-normal incidence show major differences for light polarized parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis of single crystals. A Kramers−Kronig analysis of the reflection spectra yields the frequency-dependent optical constants of N...
Stopped-flow Kinetic Analysis of the Reaction Catalyzed by the Full-length Yeast Cystathionine β-Synthase

Cystathionine beta-synthase found in yeast catalyzes a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent condensation of homocysteine and serine to form cystathionine. Unlike the homologous mammalian enzymes, yeast cystathionine beta-synthase lacks a second cofactor, heme, which facilitates detailed kinetic studies of the enzyme because the different pyridoxal phosphate-bound intermediates can be followed by their characteristic absorption spectra. We conducted a rapid reaction kinetic analysis of the full-length yeast enzyme in the forward and reverse directions. In the forward direction, we observed formation of the external aldimine of serine (14 mm(-1) s(-1)) and the aminoacrylate intermediate (15 s(-1)). Homocysteine binds to the aminoacrylate with a bimolecular rate constant of 35 mm(-1) s(-1) and rapidly converts to cystathionine (180 s(-1)), leading to the accumulation of a 420 nm absorbing species, which has been assigned as the external aldimine of cystathionine. Release of cystathionine is slow (k = 2.3 s(-1)), which is similar to k(cat) (1.7 s(-1)) at 15 degrees C, consistent with this being a rate-determining step. In the reverse direction, cystathionine binds to the enzyme with a bimolecular rate constant of 1.5 mm(-1) s(-1) and is rapidly converted to the aminoacrylate without accumulation of the external aldimine. The kinetic behavior of the full-length enzyme shows notable differences from that reported for a truncated form of the enzyme lacking the C-terminal third of the protein (Jhee, K. H., Niks, D., McPhie, P., Dunn, M. F., and Miles, E. W. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 10873-10880).
Documenting and sharing scientific research over the semantic web

Scientific team members often publish datasets, posters, workflows, and publications at different locations over the Web. If they were to share their information structured and linked over the Semantic Web, they could take advantage of the benefits of automated search, integration and reasoning. Despite producing related information, helping scientists annotate and link information related to a particular research effort on the Semantic Web can be a challenge. What is difficult to track is an overall understanding about the results of the team, e.g., publications, datasets, discussions, etc., the implicit relationships about those results and the resources involved in obtaining them. Having this information might help to understand and contextualize results, e.g., knowing when a publication located in a publication Website describes a dataset published at a data management site, as well as enable automated processing on the information as a whole. This paper will discuss a methodology to guide the process of documenting research efforts and sharing them over the Semantic Web as semi-structured inter-related collections. We have implemented this methodology as the CI-Server Framework to facilitate sharing research information for scientific groups at the Cyber-ShARE Research Center of Excellence. This approach facilitates and promotes documenting research efforts early in the research process, as opposed to being performed as a step subsequent to research, when information may be forgotten or lost.
Multidimensional Fourier transforms and nonlinear functions on finite groups

Abstract In this paper we study characterizations of perfect nonlinear functions between arbitrary finite groups. We need to introduce multidimensional Fourier transforms and multidimensional bent functions on arbitrary finite groups, and discuss their properties. Then by using multidimensional bent functions, we obtain a characterization of a perfect nonlinear function between two arbitrary finite groups, and improve the results of Poinsot [7] . Our main result is the characterization of a perfect nonlinear function by the related difference family. As a direct consequence, a perfect nonlinear function determines a partitioned difference family.
The role of non-specific factors in short-term psychotherapy1

Abstract This paper reports findings from psychotherapy, placebo, and follow-up studies relevant to the psychotherapeutic process, to patients' therapy behaviour, to therapists' attitudes toward patients and treatment, to their therapy behaviour, and to treatment outcome. These findings are not specific to any particular form of therapy. It is suggested that some of these factors are very relevant to effective psychotherapy, and that deliberate manipulation of them may improve treatment results.
Signal attenuation as a function of integrator time constant and signal duration

In some laboratories, eyeblink electromyogram is rectified and smoothed before the analog signal is digitized. The relationship among the integrator time constant, the duration of the response, and the attenuation of the data was investigated by passing a number of signals at durations of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 ms into a contour-following integrator (Coulbourn model S76-01), which first rectifies and then smooths (integrates) the signal. Integrator time constants of 10, 42, 70, 144, and 300 ms were used. The output of the integrator was sampled (1,000 Hz) and stored on a Macintosh SE computer. The integrator attenuated the signal, and the amount of attenuation increased as the duration of the signal decreased and as the time constant of the integrator increased. For brief inputs, the integrator does not charge fully, so only the early portion of the charge limb is present, and this early portion is the steepest part of the charge limb. Therefore, the longer the time constant, the less likely that small or brief responses will be detected.
Hydroforming of aluminum extrusion tubes for automotive applications. Part I: buckling, wrinkling and bursting analyses of aluminum tubes

Abstract Three possible failure modes have been identified in tube hydroforming: buckling, wrinkling and bursting. A general theoretical framework is proposed for analyzing these failure modes as an elastoplastic bifurcation problem. This framework enables advanced yield criteria and various strain-hardening laws to be readily incorporated into the analysis. The effect of plastic deformation on the geometric instability in tube hydroforming, such as global buckling, axisymmetric wrinkling and asymmetric wrinkling, is precisely treated by using the exact plane stress moduli tensor. A mathematical formulation for predicting the localized condition for bursting failure is established herein. Furthermore, the critical conditions governing the onset of buckling, axisymmetric wrinkling and asymmetric wrinkling are derived in closed-form expressions for the critical axial compressive stresses. Closed-form solutions for the critical stress are developed based on Neale–Hutchinson's constitutive equation and an assumed deformation theory of plasticity. It is demonstrated that the onset of asymmetric wrinkling always requires a higher critical axial compressive stress than the axisymmetric one under the context of tube hydroforming with applied internal pressure and hence the asymmetric wrinkling mode can be excluded in the analysis of tube hydroforming. Parametric studies show that buckling and axisymmetric wrinkling are strongly dependent on geometric parameters such as t 0 / r 0 and r 0 /l 0 , and that axisymmetric wrinkling is the predominant mode for short tubes while global buckling occurs for long slender tubes.
Anal-Rectal Cytology: The Other Pap Test

Like cervical cancer and its precursor lesions, anal cancer and its precursor lesions are human papillomavirus- (HPV) related lesions. A recent meta-analysis found crude HPV prevalence to be 71%, 91%, and 88% in anal cancer, highgrade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), respectively. In addition, HPV types 16 and/or 18, the most common high-risk HPV viral types, were detected in 72% of anal cancers, 69% of HSIL, and 27% LSIL. 1 The increased number of anal cancer screening programs has coincided with an increasing incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma within the United States, particularly in HIVinfected men who have sex with men (MSM). Prior to the age of highly active anti-retroviral treatments (HAART) for HIV patients, the majority of patients diagnosed with anal squamous cell carcinoma were middle-aged women who presented with rectal bleeding. With improved survival in HIV-infected patients credited to HAART, secondary infections and their manifestations, such as HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma,
Formation of mannosyl-lipids by an ectomannosyltransferase in suspension of BALB/c fibroblasts

Abstract A mannosyltransferase has been detected in suspensiosn of BALB/c fibroblasts incubated with GDP-[14C]mannose. The experimental evidence indicates the cell surface as the most likely site for the enzyme. The transferase synthesizes both glycolipids and glycoproteins. The lipid compounds have properties suggestive of lipid-linked mono- and oligosaccharides which can function as intermediates in glycoprotein synthesis. The formation of these compounds by a cell surface enzyme suggests that lipid-linked intermediates may play an important role in the glycosylation of membrane components.
Organ-distribution of the metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in a rat model following cyanide exposure.

The reaction of cyanide (CN−) with cystine to produce 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is one of the independent detoxification pathways of cyanide in biological systems. In this report, in vivo production of ATCA and its distributions in plasma and organs were studied after a subcutaneous sublethal dose of 4 mg/kg body weight potassium cyanide (KCN) administration to rats. At this sublethal dose of KCN, ATCA concentration was not significantly increased in the plasma samples, however, it was found significantly increased in liver samples. These results suggested that ATCA might not be a good diagnostic biomarker in plasma for sublethal cyanide exposure; however, liver could serve as the right organ for the detection of ATCA in post-mortem examinations involving cyanide exposure in military, firefighting, industrial and forensic settings.
Automatic recalibration of moving cameras in stereo vision systems

Abstract A straightforward approach is described for the recalibration of moving cameras in a stereo vision system. The technique requires a knowledge only of the initial calibration parameters and the relative image plane motion. Other significant ramifications of the approach, and a reduced-order example, are presented.
Changes in the Shape and Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles Contained within Alumina Membranes Due to Low-Temperature Annealing

The shape and optical properties of Au nanoparticles electrochemically deposited within the pores of porous alumina membranes have been studied as a function of the temperature to which the Au/alumina composite was heated. Low aspect ratio Au nanoparticles begin as thin skinned particles, essentially flakes of Au within the pores, but after heat treatment at low temperatures (<400 °C), they anneal to become dense, roughly spherical particles. Visually, the color of these membranes changes from blue to red after the thermal treatment. In contrast, the nanoparticles with an aspect ratio of ca. 3 exhibit essentially no change in either optical absorption characteristics or particle shape after exposure to the heating program. These membranes were initially red and did not change color with heating.
Rotating frame proton spin relaxation in viscous glycerol

The observation of a rotating frame Larmor frequency dependence in the proton spin relaxation of glycerol lends support to a recent study of proton spin relaxation in this substance. Comparison of the data to recent theories describing spin relaxation by translational diffusion strongly suggest that this is the dominant relaxation process in glycerol near room temperature. In addition, the measurement of the self-diffusion coefficient of glycerol, at a temperature lower than has been previously reported, indicates that this rotating frame technique may be useful in the study of diffusion in viscous media.
Reconceptualizing the Developmental State: Public Savings and Economic Growth

Abstract Developmental state theory suggests that rapid economic growth can be achieved when states allocate financial resources to strategic industrial sectors. While not denying this mechanism, I argue that an equally important component of state-led growth is public sector efforts to mobilize financial resources for investment and growth. I support this argument with crossnational statistical evidence, and a Brazilian case study, both of which suggest that public savings substantially influence economic growth rates.
Corrected prediction intervals for change detection in paired watershed studies

Abstract Hydrological data may be temporally autocorrelated requiring autoregressive process parameters to be estimated. Current statistical methods for hydrological change detection in paired watershed studies rely on prediction intervals, but the current form of prediction intervals does not include all appropriate sources of variation. Corrected prediction intervals for the analysis of paired watershed study data that include variation associated with covariance and linear model parameter estimation are presented. We provide an example of their application to data from the Hinkle Creek Paired Watershed Study located in the western Cascade foothills of Southern Oregon, USA. Research implications of using the correct prediction limits and incorporating the estimation uncertainty of autoregressive process parameters are discussed. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis Citation Som, N.A., Zegre, N.P., Ganio, L.M. and Skaugset, A.E., 2012. Corrected prediction intervals for change detection in paired watershed studies. H...
Die Behandlung der Progenie

Ziel der kieferorthopadischen Progeniebehandlung ist eine gesicherte Interdigitation der bukkalen Segmente und ein ausreichender frontaler Uberbis in der permanenten Dentition. Nur dann besteht Aussicht, das das erreichte Resultat in der Wachstumsphase nach Abschlus der Behandlung stabil bleibt und noch eintretende skelettale Veranderungen durch Adaptation kompensiert werden. Um die genannten Behandlungsziele zu erreichen, ist in der Regel die Verwendung festsitzender Kontrollgerate im bleibenden Gebis erforderlich.
Evidence for the Uptake of Sucrose Intact into Sugarcane Internodes

Application of [14C]fructosyl sucrose was used to determine whether sucrose cleavage was necessary for sucrose uptake by sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) internode tissue. Although approximately 25% of 14C in the apoplast was present as fructose, indicating some sucrose cleavage, less than 15% of the label was randomized in the sucrose that remained in the tissue after a 30 minute osmoticum rinse. This is insufficient to support cleavage and resynthesis as the sole sucrose transport scheme. The lack of randomization of label between the glucose and fructose moieties of the sucrose molecule was taken as presumptive evidence that sucrose does not have to be cleaved prior to uptake by parenchyma cells in sugarcane internode tissue.
European High-Pressure Research Conference

The European High Pressure Research Group held its 22nd meeting September 11–14 at Aussois, France, located in the French Alps east of Grenoble. This was a lively meeting which included 120 researchers from throughout Europe, North America, and Asia. The emphasis was mainly on physics and chemistry at high pressures, but one of the half-day sessions was specifically devoted to geophysics and planetary physics. In addition, much of the discussion throughout the meeting raised issues that are of interest to those in mineral physics and experimental geophysics. The proceedings, which will be published in the Journal de Physique-Colloque, should appear in 1985, and a few highlights are described here.
Migration of newly generated neurons upon ependymally derived radial guide cells in explant cultures of the adult songbird forebrain.

The adult songbird forebrain undergoes neuronal production through- out adulthood, with the production of new neurons in discrete regions of the neostriatal ventricular zone. Upon mitogenesis, these new neurons migrate into the subjacent brain parenchyma along radially directed guide fibers. In long-term ventricular zone explant cultures, derived from the higher vocal center of the adult canary, newly migratory neurons were found to associate preferentially with a characteristic substrate cell type. These small, parvonuclear substrate cells formed tightly packed epithelioid sheets, in which ciliated ependymal cells were common, as recognized by both live observation and electron microscopy. A subpopulation of these cells was immunostained by monoclonal antibody 3A7, which preferentially stains the guide fiber network of the adult avian brain. These 3A7+ cells included ependymal cells and bipolar radial cells, as well as morphologically defined astrocytes. As they matured in vitro, the 3A7+ bipolar radial cells extended long, unbranching fibers, which ultimately traversed the culture sub- strate. Like ependymal cells, they supported neuronal migration. These cells were likely homologous to radial guide cells in vivo. Thus, neuronal migration in adult avian fore- brain culture occurred upon guide cells of ependymal derivation. o 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Social class system revisited

Abstract In 1958, Pierre Martineau proposed (without empirical backup) that the “middle-class” and the “lower-status” groups in the United States were different in regard to time, locale, reasoning, choice making, confidence, thinking, and interpretation of events. To test Martineau's hypotheses, a one-stage area sample of 506 lower and middle-class households in a south-central town in the United States, were administered a Likert summated ratings scaled instrument. It was found that the respondents agreed with Martineau on reasoning, choice making, and to some degree, interpretation of events. Martineau's other hypotheses (time, confidence, and thinking) were not upheld in this study. After we point out areas worthy of future research, some implications for marketing managers and authors of general marketing and consumer behavior textbooks are given.
Field Cage and Laboratory Studies with Bracon kirkpatricki a Parasite of the Pink Bollworm

A braconid parasite, Bracon kirkpatricki (Wilkinson), was studied in the laboratory to develop mass-rearing procedures, and in field cages to determine the feasibility of using it as a biological control agent against the pink bollworm, Pectonophora gossypiella (Saunders). The total development time on the pink bollworm varied from 22.4±1.2 days at 20°C to 7.9±0.4 days at 35°C. Development was slightly shorter on the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), the time decreased from 21.1±1.4 days to 7.6±0.5 days at 20 and 35°C, respectively. The most efficient temperature in terms of development time and successful development was 30°C. Mass-rearing techniques were developed in which the more easily and cheaply produced beet armyworms were utilized as hosts. The results of the field-cage tests showed B. kirkpatricki to be a promising parasite of the pink bollworm early in the season when the pest is concentrated in the blooms. Larvae in bolls were not parasitized.
The role of the emergency department in acute heart failure clinical trials—Enriching patient identification and enrollment

Nearly 800,000 of the 1 million patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (AHF) every year are initially treated by emergency physicians. Signs and symptoms are typically most severe at initial presentation, but with timely diagnostic and therapeutic management, rapid improvement can be achieved. As a direct result, emergency physicians set the tone for initial AHF management. They dictate early treatment decisions and determine whether patients are admitted or discharged and, if admitted, what the appropriate initial level of care should be (ie, observation, telemetry, intensive care unit status). Despite this key role, the emergency department (ED) phase of management is often overlooked in AHF research and clinical trials. Consequently, present understanding of AHF patients early in their course is poor, and phenotypic characterization has been limited. As a result, the proportion of AHF patients eligible for a given therapeutic intervention is not well known. Moreover, because the traditional approach to AHF clinical trials has relied on cardiology-based research teams to identify patients up to 24 hours after ED presentation, patients admitted to noncardiology services are often missed, and those who are captured tend to be enrolled long after initial therapy has improved acute symptoms. This has resulted in low-enrollment heart failure clinical trials, which has been approximated at 0.41 patients per site per month. We describe the landscape of initial ED management, explain how this may confound clinical trial results, and provide a multidimensional template for successful ED/cardiology collaboration aimed at improving patient enrollment and the conduct of AHF clinical trials in the United States.
Low-energy electron-enhanced etching of HgCdTe

Low-energy electron-enhanced etching (LE4) is applied to HgCdTe to eliminate ion-induced surface damage. First, LE4 results for patterned samples are illustrated. The LE4 mechanism is understood from a mechanistic study in terms of three etch variables: direct current (DC) bias, gas composition, and sample temperature. For this paper, the effects of DC bias (electron energy) and gas composition (CH4 concentration) are summarized qualitatively, followed by quantitative evidence. Etch rate, the amount of polymer, surface stoichiometry, and surface roughness have specific relations with each etch variable under competition between pure LE4 and polymer deposition.
The management of Hodgkin disease in the young child

Although childhood Hodgkin disease is sensitive to the treatment regimens devised for Hodgkin disease in adults, long-term toxicity is enhanced in the developing individual. As a result, there have been dual goals in the design of clinical trials for pediatric Hodgkin disease: 1) to reduce long-term organ injury; and 2) to increase efficacy. Radiation dose and field has been reduced by enhanced reliance on chemotherapy, thus limiting the risks of hypoplasia, hypothyroidism, secondary cancers, and valvular and atherosclerotic heart disease. Multiagent, chemotherapeutic regimens for children have been developed to avoid the risks of sterility, leukemia, and cardiopulmonary toxicity. Newer approaches advocate for early dose intensity to limit cumulative therapy using response-based paradigms. Targeting molecular mechanisms specific for the Reed-Sternberg cell may allow for less toxic and more efficacious treatments in the future.
Electric Discharge Reactions in Mixtures of Phosphine, Methane, Ammonia and Water

Electric discharge reactions in mixtures of phosphine with methane, ammonia and water, obtaining biologically significant inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds
ELECTROTRANSPORT PURIFICATION AND SOME CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES OF VANADIUM METAL.

High-purity vanadium metal having an interstitial impurity content of <5 wt ppm and a resistance ratio,R 300 K/R 4.2 K, of >1880 has been prepared by an electrotransport technique. The lattice parameter of vanadium of this purity is 3.0269 +- 3A. An extrapolated value for the room temperature resolved flow stress of vanadium free of C, O, and N was determined to be 0.41 kg/mm2 on this material.
Synthesis of Galβ1→3 (Fucα1→4) GlcNAcβ-OR as potential acceptors for a new member of the α-1,2-L-fucosyltransferase family

Abstract A stereoselective synthesis of Galβ1→3 (Fucα1→4) GlcNAcβ-Or (Lewis a) structures containing an anomeric p-nitrophenyl or benzyl group was accomplished through the use of methyl 3,4-O-isopropylidene-2-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside. The compounds were used as acceptors to show in human ovarian tumors and a colon carcinoma cell line (Colo 205), the presence of a new type of α1,2-L-fucosyltransferase which converts the blood group determinant Lewis a to Lewis b