cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic Use of NSAIDs and/or Statins Does Not Affect PSA or PSA Velocity in Men at High Risk for Prostate Cancer

Background: PSA and PSA velocity (PSAV, rate of PSA change over time) are biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Men who are at high risk for prostate cancer also have associated comorbidities for which they are taking NSAIDs and statins for long periods; therefore, it is important to understand the effect of these medications on markers used to assess prostate cancer risk. Methods: Using a population of 699 men, multiple linear regressions were used to investigate the associations between PSA and concomitant medications, and mixed-effects models were used to investigate these associations with PSAV. Results: After adjusting for selenium use, age, race, body mass index, and pack-years of smoking, aspirin, other NSAIDs, or statins did not demonstrate statistically significant associations with PSA ( P = 0.79, 0.68, and 0.79, respectively) or PSAV ( P = 0.23, 0.43, and 0.84, respectively). Results were not altered upon stratifying the sample between men who developed prostate cancer during the course of the study and those who did not. Conclusions: Results from this study indicate that chronic use of aspirin, other NSAIDs, or statins did not affect PSA levels or PSAV in men at high risk for prostate cancer. Larger prospective studies designed to investigate these relationships are needed to confirm this result. Impact: Long-term use of NSAIDs or statins in men at high risk for prostate cancer may not interfere with the diagnosis or prognosis of this disease, and supports appropriate use of these medications with regard to prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2196–8. ©2014 AACR .
Comparison of tissue homogenate analytical results with and without standard addition.

Standard addition (SA) has occasionally been utilized as an analytical tool in forensic toxicology. It is recommended for difficult matrices such as tissue or decomposed specimens in which the accurate quantitation of drug may be problematic. However, the additional preparation time and increased use of specimen may limit its general applicability. In this study, the authors compared SA with direct extraction (DE) and quantitation against a blood calibration curve to assess whether the quantitative results were significantly different. Twenty-two postmortem cases were assayed for drugs such as cocaine and metabolites, opioids, and antidepressants by solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography―mass spectrometry operated in the selected ion monitoring mode. A two-tailed, homoscedastic Student's t-test demonstrated that the two sets of data were not statistically different (p = 0.81). In addition, SAs were more likely to demonstrate nonlinearity (r 2 < 0.98).
Errorless Learning and Spaced Retrieval Training for Clients with Alzheimer's Dementia

ABSTRACTClients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) may experience limitations in completing activities of daily living (ADL) due to impairments in cognition, memory, and problem-solving. These clients are often referred to occupational therapy (OT) services in order to maximize independence in ADL and decrease caregiver burden. Occupational therapists may be challenged when developing treatment interventions for clients with AD due to client deficits in memory and learning. This article explores evidence-based learning strategies—errorless learning (EL) and spaced retrieval (SR)—to improve learning and memory and OT outcomes for clients with AD. The roles of memory and learning are discussed, and EL and SR strategies are explored for clients with AD. OT intervention ideas are identified, and strategies for integrating EL and SR techniques into the OT plan of care (POC) are also discussed. Future research implications are explored for expanding evidence for EL and SR as part of the OT POC.
Experimental and numerical study of external plume Characteristics in microhollow cathode discharges

Microhollow cathode (MHC) discharges are a class of miniature nonequilibrium high-pressure plasma discharges characterized by intense radiation and high gas temperatures. A prominent plume-like structure envelopes the region immediately outside the hollow cathode and the plume optical characteristics provide a direct indication of discharge behavior. Optical emission imaging and self-consistent numerical simulation of the discharge and in particular the plume are compared. Experimental trends of the plume size and intensity with varying discharge parameters are similar to computational results.
Sparse representation of complex MRI images

Sparse representation of images acquired from Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI) has several potential applications. MRI is unique in that the raw images are complex. Complex wavelet transforms (CWT) can be used to produce flexible signal representations when compared to Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). In this work, five different schemes using CWT or DWT are tested for sparse representation of MRI images which are in the form of complex values, separate real/imaginary, or separate magnitude/phase. The experimental results on real in-vivo MRI images show that appropriate CWT, e.g., dual-tree CWT (DTCWT), can achieve sparsity better than DWT with similar Mean Square Error.
Counterexample-guided stabilization of switched systems using control lyapunov functions

In this project, we address the problem of synthesizing region-stabilizing controllers for switched systems. The plant model consists of a continuous-time switched system with finitely many switching modes. Our approach searches for a state-feedback that chooses between finitely many switching modes at each time instant: (a) guaranteeing a minimum dwell time between mode changes and (b) region stabilizing to a suitably small set around a given state.First, we introduce a special class of control Lyapunov functions (CLF) for switched systems that yield switching controllers with a guaranteed minimum dwell time in each mode. After formulating the problem of finding such CLF as quantified exists-forall constraints, we employ a counter-example based inductive synthesis (CEGIS) approach to find a CLF with a given fixed template. We introduce a heuristic to increase the rate of convergence of the technique along with a relaxation to guarantee its eventual termination. We evaluate our approach on a set of benchmarks ranging from two to five state variables and compare the results with some of the existing approaches.
HARD TICK CALRETICULIN (CRT ) GENE CODING REGIONS HAVE ONLY ONE INTRON WITH CONSERVED POSITIONS AND VARIABLE SIZES

Calreticulin (CRT) is a unique eukaryotic gene. The CRT gene product, calreticulin, was first identified as a calcium binding protein in 1974, but further investigations have indicated that CRT protein performs many functions in cells, including involvement in evading the host's immune system by parasites. Many studies of CRT have been published since the molecule was first discovered; however, the CRT gene exon-intron structure is only known for a limited number of ectoparasite species. In this study, we compared tick CRT genomic sequences to the corresponding cDNA from 28 species and found that 2 exons and 1 intron are present in the tick CRT gene. The intron position is conserved in 28 hard ticks, but intron size and nucleotide sequences vary. Three tick introns possess duplicated fragments and are twice as long as other introns. All tick CRT introns obey the GT-AG rule in the splice-site junctions and are phase 1 introns. By comparing tick CRT introns to those of fruit fly, mouse, and human, we conclude that tick CRT introns belong to the intron-late type. The number and size of CRT introns have increased through the evolution of eukaryotes.
Effect of Ethanol, Glycerol, and Propylene Glycol on the Stability of Phenobarbital Sodium

The effects of ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, phosphate buffer, and ionic strength on the stability of phenobarbital sodium have been studied. Ethanol had the maximum stabilization effect followed by propylene glycol and glycerol when compared with the stability in water. The estimated half-lives at 50 degrees C (pH approximately 8) were 78, 95, 109, and 127 d in water and 20% aqueous solutions of glycerol, propylene glycol, and ethanol, respectively. The effects of phosphate buffer and ionic strength were negligible.
Pulsed Terahertz Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy

Pulsed terahertz attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectra of solid materials and liquids covering the 10 cm−1 to 120 cm−1 (0.3 THz to 3.6 THz) region of the electromagnetic spectrum are recorded using a terahertz pulsed spectrometer and silicon ATR modules. Pulsed terahertz ATR measurements are completed nondestructively using small amounts of sample (typically 1 mg for solids) and no sample preparation. Many terahertz analyses can be run in rapid sequence, minimizing the analysis time.
IGF-1 Receptors in Xenopus laevis Ovarian Follicle Cells Support the Oocyte Maturation Response

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-stimulated amphibian oocyte maturation has been studied extensively by a number of laboratory groups, but in previous studies possible effects of IGF-1 on ovarian follicle cells had not been tested directly. In the study reported here, biochemical and immunofluorescent techniques were used to test Xenopus ovarian follicle cells for the presence of hormone-sensitive IGF-1 receptor. Anti-xIGF-1 receptor beta-subunit antibodies detected a 90- and 98-kDa protein doublet in manually dissected oocyte cortices (plasma membrane-vitelline envelope complexes) by protein immunoblotting both before and after removal of follicle cells from oocytes by sandpaper rolling. The 90-kDa IGF-1 receptor beta-subunit was also detected in follicle cell pellets. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor beta-subunits was increased by treatment of cortices with 10 nM IGF-1 both in the presence and absence of associated follicle cells, was reduced by removal of follicle cells, and was de...
Grid middleware services for virtual data discovery, composition, and integration

We describe the services, architecture and application of the GriPhyN Virtual Data System, a suite of components and services that allow users to describe virtual data products in declarative terms, discover definitions and assemble workflows based on those definitions, and execute the resulting workflows on Grid resources. We show how these middleware-level services have been applied by specific communities to manage scientific data and workflows. In particular, we highlight and introduce Chiron, a portal facility that enables the interactive use of the virtual data system. Chiron has been used within the QuarkNet education project and as an online "educator" for virtual data applications. We also present applications from functional MRI-based neuroscience research.
Patterns and Predictors of Adoption Openness and Contact: 14 Years Postadoption

Increased attention is being paid to open adoption arrangements between birth parents and adopted children and families. This study examines openness and contact among 469 adoptions at 14 years postadoption from the fourth wave of the California Long-Range Adoption Study (CLAS) and 378 adoptions matched across all waves.Theproportionoffamilies reportingcontact declined from Wave 3 (1997) to Wave 4 (2003) although contacts increased within open adoptions.Positiveratingsofthecontact’seffect on the family increased the likelihood of contact between adoptive and birth families, although greater levels of overall satisfaction lowered the likelihood of openness over time. At any point in time, public agency adoptions were less likely to be open. Findings suggest that increased attention should be paid within agencies to how open arrangements are pursued for adoptive placements.
Analysis of cyclic combinational circuits

A logic circuit is said to be combinational if the function it computes depends only on the inputs applied to the circuit, and is sequential if it depends on some past history in addition to the current inputs. Circuits that have an underlying topology that is acyclic are combinational, since feedback is a necessary condition for them to be sequential. However, it is not a sufficient condition since there exist combinational logic circuits that are cyclic. These occur often in bus structures in data paths. Traditional formal techniques in logic synthesis, logic analysis, and timing analysis of combinational circuits have restricted themselves to acyclic combinational circuits, since they have been unable to handle the analysis of circuits with cycles. Thus, in practice, these circuits are handled using clumsy work-arounds, which is obviously undesirable. This paper presents a formal analysis of these circuits and presents techniques for the logical and timing analysis of such circuits. These techniques are practically feasible on reasonably large circuits encountered in practice. >
Building sustainable tourism as an integral part of the resort community.

This paper discusses the use of an action research type participatory community method in the development of a sustainable tourism strategy for a resort community in Australia. Through an effective collaborative approach to tourism management and sustainability, this provides perhaps an innovative example how sustainable tourism methodologies can facilitate more community integration and empowerment. This paper shows an approach to community governance, human capacity building and tourism collaborative development, which suggests an important method in the achievement of long-term resort destination sustainability to provide both residents and visitors with quality of lifestyle and experiences that they often embrace so passionately.
A Study of Hairiness and Diameter of Open-End Yarn Processed Through Single- and Double-Cylinder Carding Machines and Its Comparison with Ring Yarn

An investigation was made on the hairiness and diameter of ring and open-end (OE) yarns processed through single- and double-cylinder carding machines. Yarn hairiness was measured with a photoelectric tester designed by the East China College of Textile Technology. When the length and the number of frequency distributions of hairs of both yarns were measured, three conclusions were reached: 1) the total and average length of hairs and the percentage of extremely short and long hairs of OE yarns are both greater than those of ring yarns; 2) Hairiness of OE yarns processed through single- or double-cylinder carding machines is of nearly the same value in both total and average length but differs significantly in coefficient of variation; 3) the between-bobbin coefficient of variation of the hairiness of OE yarn is greater than that of ring yarn, but there is no great difference in the within-bobbin coefficients of variation of the hairiness of these two yarns. The diameter of OE yarn processed through the double-cylinder carding machine is about 2% smaller than that of yarn processed with the single-cylinder carding machine, which is not very significant. OE yarn has a lower coefficient of variation in diameter than ring yarn. The within-bobbin coefficient of variation in diameter of either OE yarn or ring yarn is higher than its between-bobbin coefficient of variation.
Building data integration queries by demonstration

The magnitude of data available on the web prompts the need for an easy to use query interface that enables users to integrate data from multiple web sources in an intelligent fashion. Past work in the area of databases has resulted in different query interface systems that simplify query formulation. While these approaches reduce the user's effort to compose queries, the user is still required to pick data sources to use and the interaction is not guaranteed to yield a non-empty result set. We introduce a novel approach that exploits the structure of the relational data source(s) to formulate a set of constraints. These constraints are used in conjunction with partial plans to produce an intelligent query interface that (a) does not require the user to know details about data sources or existing values (b) suggests valid inputs to the user (c) creates consistent queries that always return values.
The effect of spectral shaping on the probability of detection of a DS-SS in the presence of CW interference

Direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) modulation is employed in digital communication systems to provide low probability of detection and reduce the effects of interference. A radiometer can be used to detect the presence of the SS signal within some bandwidth. The presence of CW (continuous wave) interference severely degrades the performance of the radiometer. An interference excision filter can be used to improve the performance of the radiometer. Here, the received signal is weighted using a windowing function, and its frequency-domain representation is obtained using the discrete Fourier transform. The interference is detected and notched out by zeroing appropriate frequency components. The effects of using various windows as part of the excision filter on the performance of the system are analyzed. Numerical results are presented. >
Thinking Outside the Circle: Using Geographical Knowledge to Focus Environmental Risk Assessment Investigations

The perception of inequity in the distribution of technological hazards in the United States has generated headlines, stimulated scientific investigations, and fostered public policy initiatives during the past decade. The empirical evidence for such inequities comes from numerous case studies that have attempted to establish associations between hazards and the characteristics of at-risk populations. These studies have employed a variety of methods, and have stirred epistemological debates that are often rooted in the approach used to geographically define exposure to a polluting facility.
The Big Six Experience: A Retrospective Account by Alumni

Despite its attractiveness to graduating accounting majors, and its apparent importance to various sectors of our society, the Big 6 accounting experience has not been comprehensively evaluated by academic research. In this study, 121 structured telephone interviews were conducted with alumni from six different U.S. cities to specifically assess its professional value. The subjects had entered their firms with positive expectations gleaned from a variety of sources, including recruiters, professors, friends and family. Over time, the alumni found their careers within the Big 6 to be limited, or became frustrated with various aspects and demands of their jobs. At that point they sought alternative employment, accepted job offers, or occasionally left at the request of their firms. The subjects' retrospective evaluations of their Big 6 experiences were generally positive overall. Most found that they served as significant stepping stones to other jobs in industry, government, academics or private practice and would go into the Big 6 again, given a chance to remake their original entry decisions.
The inhibitory effect of different fractions from Nigellae Semen in vitro on nitrite accumulation,platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

AIM To study the effect of different fractions of Nigellae Semen on nitrite produced from macrophages,platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.METHODS Three fractionsⅠ-Ⅲ(total flavones,total saponis,total polysaccharides) of Nigellae Semen were extracted by EtoAc,n-BuOH and water respectively,and then purified with microporous resin D101.Nigellae Semen was extracted by acid water and then isolated by ethanol to form the Fraction Ⅳ(total alkaloids).Nitrite production of activated mouse macrophages by lipopolysaccharide plus IFN-γ was measured by Griess assay.Rat platelet aggregation was induced by adenosine diphosphate,arachidonic acid and collagen in vitro.The vasodilator effects of four fractions were investigated by isometric tension changes of aortic rings.RESULTS Fraction Ⅰ(total flavones),Ⅱ(total saponis) and Ⅳ(total alkaloids) demonstrated the inhibition against macrophage nitric oxide(NO) production and platelet aggregation,and only Fraction Ⅳ(total alkaloids) reduced phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction of pre-constricted aorta rings dependent on endothelium.CONCLUSION Fraction Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ can work on the multi-nodes during the pathological progress of inflammation through their properties of inhibition of nitrite accumulation,anti-platelet aggregation and vasodilatation,which is the basic mechanism of its traditional effect of activating blood to promote menstruation partly.
Flow Phenomena in the Benthic Boundary Layer and Bed Forms beneath Deep-Current Systems

The discovery of erosional and depositional bed forms in the deep ocean provides a means for estimating some properties of the benthic boundary layer and also raises questions about secondary circulation near the bed. Previously unexplained hyperbolic echoes are now seen (using a deeply towed instrument package) to be caused by furrows on the sea bed. Small furrows are 1–4 m wide, ¾–2 m deep, and spaced 20–125 m apart; large furrows are 50–150 m wide, 20 m deep, and spaced 50–200 m apart. Analogy with shallow-water furrows and bed forms produced in deserts and in laboratory experiments suggest an origin for the furrows through interaction of large-scale helical vortices developed in the boundary layer with the sediments. The thickness of the bottom-mixed water layer should be about one-half the furrow spacing. Measurements show that mixed layer thickness (20–100 m) are of the correct order of magnitude.
Preliminary application of machine-learning techniques for thermal-electrical parameter optimization in 3-D IC

Three-dimensional (3-D) integration technique, a promising integration technique, can increase system density but at the cost of increased thermal and power density, leading to thermal-related problems. Design of three-dimensional integrated circuits and systems requires considerations of temperature and gradients observed across the die, because temperature gradients can vary the delay of clock paths. As we need to analyze a large number of parameters for thermal-electrical design, optimization of those parameters becomes important for achieving efficiency and accuracy. Machine learning methods have been applied in the past for artificial intelligence, data analysis, and for general optimization problems. In this paper we propose the application of machine learning methods for parameter optimization in 3-D systems.
Commentary: Exogenous Testosterone Rapidly Increases Aggressive Behavior in Dominant and Impulsive Men

I read with interest a research report, “Exogenous testosterone rapidly increases aggressive behavior in dominant and impulsive men” by Carre et al. that was recently published in Biological Psychiatry (1). Healthy adult men were administered either testosterone or placebo, and then engaged in a decision-making game that assesses aggressive behavior in response to social provocation. The researchers also examined the extent to which testosterone influence on aggressive behavior depends on variability in trait dominance and/or trait self-control. The authors observed that exogenous testosterone on its own did not modulate aggressive behavior. However, they found that testosterone can quickly (within 60 min) potentiate aggressive behavior among men with dominant or impulsive personality styles. More specifically, testosterone increased aggressive behavior, but only among men scoring high in trait dominance or men scoring low in trait self-control. There was no effect of testosterone on aggressive behavior in men scoring low in trait dominance or high in trait self-control.
Women’s Narratives of the Early Americas and the Formation of Empire, by Mary McAleer Balkun and Susan C. Imbarrato, eds

This collection explores and theorizes the relationship between women and the Spanish, British, and American empires to which they were subject so as to better understand colonial women’s responses...
China's Response to the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa

Beginning in March 2014, West Africa has endured the largest outbreak of Ebola viral disease (EVD) in history. The crisis highlighted the role of China in addressing public health emergencies of international concern (PHEIC). Through bilateral and multilateral channels, China kicked off its largest ever humanitarian mission in addressing a PHEIC. The unprecedented generosity served the domestic needs to prevent EVD from spreading into China, but it was also consistent with China's foreign policy objective to pursue soft power in Africa. While its total funding to EVD control in West Africa was no match of top donors like the United States, it becomes much more impressive when adjusted for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. As Beijing becomes more sensitive to disease outbreaks overseas and as the scope of its humanitarian engagement grows and diversifies, the space for China's cooperation with international actors over global health governance is expected to further expand.
The affective capacity of blackness

Theorizing an affective capacity of blackness is an engagement with desires beyond the individual that bring together feelings, spaces, objects, bodies, and organic and nonorganic body parts into productive assemblages by leveraging the “stickiness” and ontological nature of blackness. After elaborating force and relationality as components of assemblages of blackness and describing the event of blackness as a moment of assemblage-making that is produced by and produces surplus value, we examine how surplus blacknesses as information are taken up through statistics and temporalities of risk in the management of populations. We then explore the potential of circulations of black affective resistance.
Systemic Sustainability in RtI Using Intervention-Based Scheduling Methodologies:

This study evaluated a scheduling methodology referred to as intervention-based scheduling to address the problem of practice regarding the fidelity of implementing Response to Intervention (RtI) i...
Understanding the Impact of Partial Factorial Invariance on Selection Accuracy: An R Script

Much of the previous literature on partial measurement invariance has focused on (a) statistically detecting noninvariance, and (b) modeling partial invariance to obtain correct inferences for latent mean comparisons across groups in a single research study. However, very little guidance is provided on the practical implications of partial invariance on the instrument itself in the context of selection. In a frequently cited paper, Millsap and Kwok (2004) provided a framework for evaluating the impact of partial invariance by quantifying the magnitude of noninvariance on the efficacy of the test for selection purposes, yet our literature review found that only a few of the citations have fully captured the essence of Millsap and Kwok’s method. In this article, we briefly review the selection accuracy analysis for partial invariance and provide a user-friendly R script (also available as a Web application) that takes parameter estimates as input, automatically produces summary statistics for evaluating sel...
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and survival in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa).

1540Background: Inherited genetic factors are among the variables influencing PCa outcome and response to treatment. We conducted a GWAS to identify germline genetic polymorphisms associated with t...
Information Exchange in Decentralized Filters Via Interaction Estimates

Abstract This paper considers the design of state estimation algorithms for large-scale interconnected systems for which it is not feasible to obtain complete measurements of the system interactions. Two design techniques are presented for a specific filtering structure wherein information exchange between local filters is allowed for the purpose of obtaining estimates of the system interactions. The performance of these filters is then evaluated for an application to dynamic state estimation in a two-area electric energy system.
Universal lossy compression under logarithmic loss

Universal lossy source coding with the logarithmic loss distortion criterion is studied. Bounds on the non-asymptotic fundamental limit of fixed-length universal coding with respect to a family of distributions are derived. These bounds generalize the well-known minimax bounds for universal lossless source coding. The asymptotic behavior of the resulting optimization problem is studied for a family of i.i.d. sources with a finite alphabet size, and is characterized up to a constant. The redundancy of memoryless sources behaves like k/2 log n, where n is the blocklength and k is the number of degrees of freedom in the parameter space. The impact of the coding rate is on the constant term: higher compression rate effectively reduces the volume of the parameter uncertainty set.
Offline-Enhanced Reduced Basis Method Through Adaptive Construction of the Surrogate Training Set

The reduced basis method (RBM) is a popular certified model reduction approach for solving parametrized partial differential equations. One critical stage of the offline portion of the algorithm is a greedy algorithm, requiring maximization of an error estimate over parameter space. In practice this maximization is usually performed by replacing the parameter domain continuum with a discrete “training” set. When the dimension of parameter space is large, it is necessary to significantly increase the size of this training set in order to effectively search parameter space. Large training sets diminish the attractiveness of RBM algorithms since this proportionally increases the cost of the offline phase. In this work we propose novel strategies for offline RBM algorithms that mitigate the computational difficulty of maximizing error estimates over a training set. The main idea is to identify a subset of the training set, a “surrogate training set” (STS), on which to perform greedy algorithms. The STS we construct is much smaller in size than the full training set, yet our examples suggest that it is accurate enough to induce the solution manifold of interest at the current offline RBM iteration. We propose two algorithms to construct the STS: our first algorithm, the successive maximization method, is inspired by inverse transform sampling for non-standard univariate probability distributions. The second constructs an STS by identifying pivots in the Cholesky decomposition of an approximate error correlation matrix. We demonstrate the algorithm through numerical experiments, showing that it is capable of accelerating offline RBM procedures without degrading accuracy, assuming that the solution manifold has rapidly decaying Kolmogorov width.
Number-Theoretic Cryptography

Cryptography was concerned initially with providing secrecy for written messages. Its principles apply equally well to securing data flow between computers, to digitized speech, and to encrypting facsimile and television signals. For example, most satellites routinely encrypt the data flow to and from ground stations to provide both privacy and security for their subscribers. In this chapter, we shall introduce some basic concepts and techniques in public-key cryptography based on primality testing/prime number generation, integer factorization, discrete logarithms, quadratic residuosity, and elliptic curve discrete logarithms, etc.
Here Begins the Third Chapter on the Addition of Whole Numbers

Moreover with any numbers, no matter how many one will wish to add, one writes them in a table according to that which we said before with the multiplication of numbers, that is the first places of all the numbers that one will wish to add below the first place of the numbers which one placed together for the addition. And the second below the second, and one after the other which follow. And then one begins to add in the hands the figures of the first places of all the numbers that were placed together for the addition, from the lower number up to the higher, ascending; one therefore puts the units above the first place of the numbers, and keeps the tens in hand; to these tens one adds above the numbers which exist in the second places, and one puts the units above the second place, and again one keeps the tens. With them one adds above the sum of the third places of the numbers, and thus putting the units, and keeping the tens, [p19] step by step adding the numbers, one can have the sum of all the numbers without end. And in order to perceive better the additions of two numbers, and even a third, and even more, are shown.
Glucocorticoid receptor GRβ regulates glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension in mice

Prolonged glucocorticoid (GC) therapy can cause GC-induced ocular hypertension (OHT), which if left untreated progresses to iatrogenic glaucoma and permanent vision loss. The alternatively spliced isoform of glucocorticoid receptor GRβ acts as dominant negative regulator of GR activity, and it has been shown that overexpressing GRβ in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells inhibits GC-induced glaucomatous damage in TM cells. The purpose of this study was to use viral vectors to selectively overexpress the GRβ isoform in the TM of mouse eyes treated with GCs, to precisely dissect the role of GRβ in regulating steroid responsiveness. We show that overexpression of GRβ inhibits GC effects on MTM cells in vitro and GC-induced OHT in mouse eyes in vivo. Ad5 mediated GRβ overexpression reduced the GC induction of fibronectin, collagen 1, and myocilin in TM of mouse eyes both in vitro and in vivo. GRβ also reversed DEX-Ac induced IOP elevation, which correlated with increased conventional aqueous humor outflow facility. Thus, GRβ overexpression reduces effects caused by GCs and makes cells more resistant to GC treatment. In conclusion, our current work provides the first evidence of the in vivo physiological role of GRβ in regulating GC-OHT and GC-mediated gene expression in the TM.
Variation in Repair of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

Background There is controversy regarding the value of repair of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). Given that an acute tear of the TFCC associated with a displaced distal radius fracture uncommonly benefits from repair, the role of repair in other settings is uncertain. Our impression is that TFCC repair is highly variable from surgeon-to-surgeon. Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of TFCC repair in patients who had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the wrist obtained for ulnar-sided wrist pain, and that showed signal changes in the TFCC. We tested the primary null hypothesis that there are no demographic or surgeon factors associated with repair of the TFCC. Patients and Methods Three hundred and ninety-four patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain and an MRI scan showing changes in the TFCC were included in this retrospective study. No patients had instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) recorded in the medical record. Surgical repair of TFCC tears was used as the primary outcome during statistical analysis to identify factors associated with repair. Results Out of 394 (6%), 25 patients underwent TFCC repair. We found that 10% of the treating surgeons (4 out of 41) performed 80% of the procedures (20 out of 25). Patients who discerned a trauma prior to their symptoms and patients whose MRI showed signal changes primarily in the ulnar portion of the TFCC were more likely to have surgical repair. Conclusion We found that the rate of TFCC repair varies substantially from surgeon-to-surgeon. The observation that repair is more likely to happen when patients perceive themselves as injured suggests that perception of injury affects how patients and surgeons consider treatment options. To help avoid surgeries based on surgeon bias or patient misperception, we suggest studying the effect of tools that provide simple, balanced, dispassionate, and empowering information (e.g., decision aids) that can limit surgeon-to-surgeon variation. Level of Evidence Level IV.
The Age of Euler

The eighteenth century was in mathematics a period of consolidation and exploitation of the great discoveries of the seventeenth century, and of their application to the investigation of scientific problems. The dominant figure of this period was Leonhard Euler, the most prolific mathematician of all time—his collected works amount to approximately seventy-five substantial volumes. The range and creativity of his fundamental contributions, to all branches of both pure and applied mathematics, would perhaps justify Euler’s inclusion in the traditional short list—Archimedes, Newton, Gauss—of the incomparable giants of mathematics.
Was Sie erwartet

Worin liegt der Erfolg von glucklichen Menschen, von solchen, die immer gute Laune haben? Muss wohl genetisch sein…!? Haben Sie sich einmal uberlegt, warum die immer so gut drauf sind? Haben die etwas, was wir nicht haben? Muss doch so sein! Vielleicht sollte man genau so leben, wie diese Strahlemanner (und -frauen). Vielleicht aber auch nicht! Kennen Sie noch dieses „Positive thinking“? Kann man einfach positiv denken? Ja, aber nicht „einfach“, und es ist auch nicht wichtig, dass man immer den „mentalen Weichspuler“ hineinkippt. Wenn es also nicht darum geht, genau das zu machen, was die Ewig-Frohlichen machen, nicht darum, das Gleiche zu haben und auch nicht darum positiv zu denken – worum geht es dann? Worin unterscheiden sich fur Sie Zufriedenheit und Gluck? Lassen Sie mich die Frage einmal anders stellen: Ist der Unterschied zwischen Zufriedenheit und Gluck uberhaupt wichtig? Fuhrt Zufriedenheit nicht zu Gluck? Aber da fehlt doch sicher noch einiges zur Zufriedenheit. Vielleicht aber auch nicht. Haben Sie sich schon einmal uberlegt, was Sie brauchen, um glucklich zu sein? Fallen Ihnen da jetzt Geld, Beliebtheit, Ansehen, ein toller Job, ein tolles Zuhause, ein tolles Auto usw. ein? Was, wenn das eventuell gar nicht stimmt? Was, wenn Sie unbewusst schon da sind, wo Sie sein wollen?
Patent (and Public Health) Pending.

The government is justified in using eminent domain to purchase patents in order to produce large amounts of medication during a public health crisis. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Nonlinear Adaptive Control for Power System with Static VAR Compensator

In order to study the stability of the power system, the Static VAR Compensator (SVC) has been installed to a single machine infinite bus system (SMIB). An adaptive controller based on backstepping methods is proposed in this paper and applied to the anticipated power system (SMIB-SVC). The parameter uncertainty is addressed in this paper for the unknown damping coefficient of the synchronous generator. Moreover, the mechanical input power of the synchronous generator is considered as unknown to take into account the unexpected behavior of the consumers. The adaptation laws are designed for those unknown disturbances based on Lyapunov analysis. To evaluate the proposed controller, different system conditions such as three-phase short circuit fault and parameter change are considered. Lyapunov stability analysis and simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller in damping oscillations and tracking performance.
Corporate social responsibility risk and auditor–client retention

Literature suggests that firms engaging in irresponsible corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities are more likely to increase auditor's engagement risk. Using audit firm tenure as a continuous measure for retention decisions made by either auditors or client firms, we find a significant and negative association between CSR risk and auditor tenure. Moreover, when the continuous variable audit tenure is replaced with a dichotomous variable auditor change, the likelihood of auditor change intensifies with increases in CSR risk. These results suggest that both clients and auditors are more likely to sever relationships when client firms exhibit high CSR risk than low CSR risk. This study has implications for future research on audit firm tenure and audit outcomes.
Consistent nonlinear KK reduction of 11d supergravity on AdS7×S4 and self-duality in odd dimensions

Abstract We show that there exists a consistent truncation of 11 dimensional supergravity to the `massless' fields of maximal ( N =4) 7 dimensional gauged supergravity. We find the complete expressions for the nonlinear embedding of the 7 dimensional fields into the 11 dimensional fields, and check them by reproducing the d =7 susy transformation laws from the d =11 laws in various sectors. In particular we determine explicitly the matrix U which connects the Killing spinors to the gravitinos in the KK ansatz, and the dependence of the 4-index field strength on the scalars. This is the first time a complete nonlinear KK reduction of the original d =11 supergravity on a nontrivial compact space has been explicitly given. We need a first order formulation for the 3 index tensor field A ΛΠΣ in d =11 to reproduce the 7 dimensional result. The concept of `self-duality in odd dimensions' is thus shown to originate from first order formalism in higher dimensions. For the AdS-CFT correspondence, our results imply that one can use 7d gauged supergravity (without further massive modes) to compute certain correlators in the d =6 (0,2) CFT at leading order in N . This eliminates an ambiguity in the formulation of the correspondence.
The Graduation Rate Myth and the Equity Gap

We demonstrate that improving graduation rates does not cause more students to graduate or increase student success. The underlying presumptions are spurious and misleading, as no causal connection...
Coherent band-edge oscillations and dynamic longitudinal-optical phonon mode splitting as evidence for polarons in perovskites

The coherence of collective modes, such as phonons and polarons, and their modulation of electronic states is long sought in complex systems, which is a crosscutting issue in photovoltaics and quantum electronics. In photovoltaic cells and lasers based on metal halide perovskites, the presence of polarons, i.e., photocarriers dressed by the macroscopic motion of charged lattice, assisted by terahertz (THz) longitudinal-optical (LO) phonons, has been intensely studied yet is still debated. This may be key for explaining the remarkable properties of the perovskite materials, e.g., defect tolerance, long charge lifetimes, and diffusion lengths. Here we use the intense single-cycle THz pulse with peak electric field up to ${E}_{\mathrm{THz}}=1000$ kV/cm to drive coherent polaronic band-edge oscillations at room temperature in ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}{\mathrm{PbI}}_{3}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}({\mathrm{MAPbI}}_{3})$. We reveal the oscillatory behavior is dominated by a specific quantized lattice vibration mode at ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{LO}}\ensuremath{\sim}4\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{THz}$, which is both dipole and momentum forbidden. THz-driven coherent polaron dynamics exhibits distinguishing features: room temperature coherent oscillations at ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{LO}}$ longer than 1 ps in both single crystals and thin films, mode-selective modulation of different band-edge states assisted by electron-phonon interaction, and dynamic mode splitting at low temperature due to entropy and anharmonicity of organic cations. Our results demonstrate intense THz-driven coherent band-edge modulation is a powerful probe of electron-lattice coupling phenomena and polaronic quantum control in perovskites.
The Other Legacy of Vienna 1900: The Ars Combinatoria of Friedl Dicker-Brandeis

This article positions multidisciplinary artist Friedl Dicker-Brandeis at the center of a web that spans Vienna 1900, the Weimar Bauhaus, and interwar Vienna. Using a network metaphor to read her work, she is understood here as specialist of the ars combinatoria, in which she recombines genre and media in unexpected ways. She translates the language of photograms into painting, ecclesiastical subject matter into a machine aesthetic, adds found objects to abstract paintings, and paints allegories and scenes of distortion in the idiom of New Objectivity, all the while designing stage sets, costumes, modular furniture, toys, and interiors. While she has been the subject of renewed attention, particularly in the design world, much of her fine art has yet to be assessed. She used the idioms of twentieth-century art movements in unusual contexts, some of these very brave: in interwar Vienna, where she created Dadaistic posters to warn of fascism, she was imprisoned and interrogated. Always politically engaged, her interdisciplinary and multimedia approach to art bridged the conceptual divide between the utopian and critical responses to war during the interwar years. Such engagement with both political strains of twentieth-century modernism is rare. After integrating the interdisciplinary lessons of Vienna and the Weimar Bauhaus into her life's work, she shared these lessons with children at Terezin.
Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in LGBTQ Individuals: An Intersectional Approach

Research on intimate partner violence (IPV) as a public and social health issue is extensive. Originally, it focused primarily on young, White, heterosexual cisgender women and was embedded within a feminist, gendered perspective that framed IPV as male violence against females that stemmed from patriarchal domination of men over women. It is only recently that researchers have begun to study IPV among LGBTQ individuals. The topic remains understudied, particularly for transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people. Moreover, most of this research has not taken into account the intersection of sexual orientation and gender identity with other social identities. The purpose of this chapter is to explore current knowledge regarding the prevalence of IPV among LGBTQ individuals. In order to achieve this goal, we start with a brief history of the research on IPV both in heterosexual cisgender and sexual and gender minority individuals. We then compare ways in which IPV is experienced both similarly and differently in these populations. Next, we examine several methodological issues that create difficulties in determining the prevalence of IPV among LBGTQ populations. These methodological challenges include measurement issues, defining the LGBTQ population, and adequately sampling that population. Finally, we explore the prevalence of IPV in LGBTQ individuals through the intersectional lenses of sexual identity, gender identity, gender, age, and racial/ethnic identity. We conclude by noting that much remains to be accomplished not only in the areas noted above, but also through the incorporation of the role of other intersecting social identities, including social class, ableness, nationality, and citizenship status.
Skeletal health after bariatric surgery

Abstract Bariatric surgery has proven to be an effective treatment for severe obesity with resultant significant weight loss and marked improvement of obesity-related comorbid conditions. Despite its known benefits, increasing evidence has shown that it adversely affects skeletal health, with detrimental effects occurring early and persisting even after weight loss is complete. The degree of its effect varies by bariatric procedure, with the majority of the evidence addressing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. This chapter provides an overview of the current bariatric surgery options, summarizes the available evidence on postoperative bone outcomes, and explains the potential mechanisms for these skeletal changes. The long-term clinical implications and recommendations for postoperative management are also discussed.