cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic recombinant factor VIIa in haemophilia patients with inhibitors.

Summary. Prevention of bleeding, especially into joints, with prophylactic factor infusions is the most effective treatment for severe haemophilia patients. Approximately 15–30% of patients with factor VIII deficiency and 3–5% of patients with factor IX deficiency develop neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) to factor precluding their use. Such patients often have significant bleeding complications including life- and limb-threatening bleeds and severe joint disease. Prophylaxis for such patients is not generally considered because of the fact that the standard (bypassing) agents for such patients are not as effective as natural factor replacement, because of concerns for thrombotic complications and also because of the very high cost of bypassing agents. We treated two patients with high titre inhibitors with prophylactic recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa). The first patient was treated as a result of development of a target joint and to reduce the use of agents that can lead to anamnesis of his inhibitor. The second patient had multiple severe bleeds and was hospitalized 20% of the time over a 2-year period. He had a very poor quality of life. Both patients had shown good responses previously to rFVIIa for treatment of bleeds. Both patients had an outstanding response to prophylaxis albeit at a very high cost. Prophylaxis with rFVIIa can be an effective approach in select inhibitor patients with severe complications related to bleeding.
Complementary energy release rates and dual conservation integrals in micropolar elasticity

The complementary energy momentum tensor, expressed in terms of the spatial gradients of stress and couple-stress, is used to construct the ^ Jk and ^ Lk conservation integrals of infinitesimal micropolar elasticity. The derived integrals are related to the release rates of the complementary potential energy associated with a defect translation or rotation. A nonconserved ^ M integral is also derived and related to the energy release rate that is associated with a self-similar cavity expansion. The results are compared to those obtained on the basis of the classical energy momentum tensor, expressed in terms of the spatial gradients of displacement and rotation, and the release rates of the potential energy. It is shown that the evaluation of the complementary conservation integrals is of similar complexity to that of the classical conservation integrals, so that either can be effectively used in the energetic analysis of the mechanics of defects. The two-dimensional versions of the dual conservation integrals are then derived and applied to an out-of-plane shearing of a long cracked slab. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Value-driven attentional capture

Attention selects which aspects of sensory input are brought to awareness. To promote survival and well-being, attention prioritizes stimuli both voluntarily, according to context-specific goals (e.g., searching for car keys), and involuntarily, through attentional capture driven by physical salience (e.g., looking toward a sudden noise). Valuable stimuli strongly modulate voluntary attention allocation, but there is little evidence that high-value but contextually irrelevant stimuli capture attention as a consequence of reward learning. Here we show that visual search for a salient target is slowed by the presence of an inconspicuous, task-irrelevant item that was previously associated with monetary reward during a brief training session. Thus, arbitrary and otherwise neutral stimuli imbued with value via associative learning capture attention powerfully and persistently during extinction, independently of goals and salience. Vulnerability to such value-driven attentional capture covaries across individuals with working memory capacity and trait impulsivity. This unique form of attentional capture may provide a useful model for investigating failures of cognitive control in clinical syndromes in which value assigned to stimuli conflicts with behavioral goals (e.g., addiction, obesity).
Constrained Differential Optimization

Many optimization models of neural networks need constraints to restrict the space of outputs to a subspace which satisfies external criteria. Optimizations using energy methods yield "forces" which act upon the state of the neural network. The penalty method, in which quadratic energy constraints are added to an existing optimization energy, has become popular recently, but is not guaranteed to satisfy the constraint conditions when there are other forces on the neural model or when there are multiple constraints. In this paper, we present the basic differential multiplier method (BDMM), which satisfies constraints exactly; we create forces which gradually apply the constraints over time, using "neurons" that estimate Lagrange multipliers. The basic differential multiplier method is a differential version of the method of multipliers from Numerical Analysis. We prove that the differential equations locally converge to a constrained minimum. Examples of applications of the differential method of multipliers include enforcing permutation codewords in the analog decoding problem and enforcing valid tours in the traveling salesman problem.
Counseling Psychologists and Schools Toward a Sharper Conceptual Focus

The articles in this major contribution on counseling psychology in schools demonstrate that developmental-contextualism is a metatheoretical framework that is relevant and useful for the work of counseling psychologists. The actual utility of the framework depends on the user’s having a clear understanding of its basic constructs and underlying assumptions, as well as avoiding some common misconceptions. Counseling psychologists are urged to acquire a good working knowledge of developmental-contextualism and of recent theoretical advances in the developmental-contextual framework, specifically the developmental systems theory of D. H. Ford and Lerner and the motivational systems theory of M. E. Ford.
Measuring the Price of Research and Development Output

This paper develops a framework for constructing an RD use our output-based price index for the portion of total R&D expenditures from NAICS 5417 and an aggregate input-cost price index for the remainder of R&D expenditures. Under this strategy we find that real total R&D expenditures grew at an average annual rate of 1.4 percent. Only using an aggregate input-cost price index understates R&D price growth for NAICS 5417. This boosts the real growth of total R&D expenditures over our time horizon, leading to substantial mis-measurement of total R&D expenditures. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author and not necessarily those of the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis or the U.S. Department of Commerce.
Standardization and Security Criteria: Security Evaluation of Computer Products

The rapid growth of information technology (IT), our growing dependence on it, and the corresponding skyrocketing security problems arising from it have all created a high demand for comprehensive security mechanisms, and best practices to mitigate these security problems. Solutions on two fronts are sought for. First, well-implemented mechanisms and best practices are needed for fundamental security issues like cryptography, authentication, access control, and audit. Second, comprehensive security mechanisms are also needed for all security products so that consumers are assured of products and systems that meet their business security needs. The response to this high demand for security products has been an avalanche of products of all types, capabilities, varying price ranges, effectiveness, and quality. You name a product and you get a flood from vendors. As the marketplace for security products get saturated, competing product vendors and manufacturers started making all sorts of claims about their products in order to gain a market niche. In this kind of environment then, how can a customer shop for the right secure product, what security measures should be used, and how does one evaluate the security claims made by the vendors? Along the way, making a choice of a good effective security product for your system or business has become a new security problem we want to focus on in this chapter.
Proactive knowledge distribution for agile processes

Monitored distribution (MD) is a case-based approach for proactive knowledge distribution. MD allows the dissemination of knowledge artifacts in a just-in-time fashion in the context of its applicable targeted processes. In MD, knowledge artifacts are retrieved when they are applicable to the task in which a user is currently engaged. We define MD's requirements and argue that it can be applied to agile processes because the targeted processes are collected as an attribute of knowledge artifacts.
Evaluation of on-column labeling with intercalating dyes for fluorescence detection of DNA fragments separated by capillary electrophoresis

The analytical figures of merit of laser-excited fluorescence detection of DNA restriction fragments, based on the enhanced fluorescence of selected dyes upon intercalation, are presented. The fragments present in a ϕX174 Hae III digest are efficiently separated by capillary electrophoresis employing methyl cellulose as a sizesieving reagent. On-column DNA labeling is accomplished by adding either ethidium bromide (EB) or POPO-3 iodide (POPO-3) to the electrophoretic running buffer. Experimental parameters that are evaluated include type of laser (helium-cadmium at 325 nm or helium-neon at 543 nm) and laser power, dye type and concentration, pre-injection labeling procedure, and applied field. Calibration plots are linear over two orders of magnitude in DNA concentration. Limits of detection are in the low-to-mid femtogram injected range for the individual fragments, with the POPO-3 providing slightly lower values. Both dyes exhibit large increases in fluorescence quantum efficiency upon intercalation and contribute little or nothing to the observed optical background. Detectability with the dyes is enhanced by a spectral shift upon intercalation. Signal intensities increase with DNA fragment size in approximately a linear fashion. Intercalation by the dyes also influences mobility and the resolution of the fragments studied.
Static task partitioning for locked caches in multi-core real-time systems

Locking cache lines in hard real-time systems is a common means to ensure timing predictability of data references and to lower bounds on worst-case execution time, especially in a multi-tasking environment. Growing processing demand on multi-tasking real-time systems can be met by employing scalable multi-core architectures, like the recently introduced tile-based architectures. This paper studies the use of cache locking on massive multi-core architectures with private caches in the context of hard real-time systems. In shared cache architectures, a single resource is shared among {\em all} the tasks. However, in scalable cache architectures with private caches, conflicts exist only among the tasks scheduled on one core. This calls for a cache-aware allocation of tasks onto cores. Our work extends the cache-unaware First Fit Decreasing (FFD) algorithm with a Naive locked First Fit Decreasing (NFFD) policy. We further propose two cache-aware static scheduling schemes: (1) Greedy First Fit Decreasing (GFFD) and (2) Colored First Fit Decreasing (CoFFD). This work contributes an adaptation of these algorithms for conflict resolution of partially locked regions. Experiments indicate that NFFD is capable of scheduling high utilization task sets that FFD cannot schedule. Experiments also show that CoFFD consistently outperforms GFFD resulting in lower number of cores and lower system utilization. CoFFD reduces the number of core requirements from 30% to 60% compared to NFFD. With partial locking, the number of cores in some cases is reduced by almost 50% with an increase in system utilization of 10%. Overall, this work is unique in considering the challenges of future multi-core architectures for real-time systems and provides key insights into task partitioning with locked caches for architectures with private caches.
Research and Theory on the Learning of Probabilities

Abstract Human behavior in many situations involving uncertainty and risk depends on the acquisition of information concerning event probabilities. A family of statistical models, growing out of general mathematical learning theory, accounts for probability learning in terms of the accumulation in memory of weighted ensembles of associations between recurring situations and subsequent events. These models provide rather detailed quantitative accounts of probability learning in some especially simplified experimental situations. Also they provide vehicles for applying theoretical interpretations of probability learning to the problems of choice and decision making in social and economic contexts.
Pathfinding in angiosperm reproduction: pollen tube guidance by pistils ensures successful double fertilization

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants is unique in multiple ways. Distinct multicellular gametophytes contain either a pair of immotile, haploid male gametes (sperm cells) or a pair of female gametes (haploid egg cell and homodiploid central cell). After pollination, the pollen tube, a cellular extension of the male gametophyte, transports both male gametes at its growing tip and delivers them to the female gametes to affect double fertilization. The pollen tube travels a long path and sustains its growth over a considerable amount of time in the female reproductive organ (pistil) before it reaches the ovule, which houses the female gametophyte. The pistil facilitates the pollen tube's journey by providing multiple, stage-specific, nutritional, and guidance cues along its path. The pollen tube interacts with seven different pistil cell types prior to completing its journey. Consequently, the pollen tube has a dynamic gene expression program allowing it to continuously reset and be receptive to multiple pistil signals as it migrates through the pistil. Here, we review the studies, including several significant recent advances, that led to a better understanding of the multitude of cues generated by the pistil tissues to assist the pollen tube in delivering the sperm cells to the female gametophyte. We also highlight the outstanding questions, draw attention to opportunities created by recent advances and point to approaches that could be undertaken to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying pollen tube-pistil interactions.
Evolution of the Mobility Gap with Thickness in Hydrogen-Diluted Intrinsic Si:H Materials in the Phase Transition Region and Its Effect on p-i-n Solar Cell Characteristics

Insights into the growth processes and evolution of microstructure in intrinsic hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) films obtained from real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) are extended to the characterization of the optoelectronic properties of the corresponding solar cells. To assess the effects of transition regions from the amorphous to mixed microcrystalline phases, cell structures with and without such regions at different depths in the i-layer from the p-contact have been investigated. Experimental results are presented that clearly demonstrate changes in the mobility gap, E µ , of the materials as their microstructure evolves with thickness, further supporting the important effect of the hydrogen dilution ratio R (R≡[H 2 ]/[SiH 4 ]) on the transition between the amorphous and microcrystalline phases. Light J-V characteristics at room temperature and dark J-V characteristics at different temperatures were measured on p(a-SiC:H:B)-i(Si:H)-n(µc-Si:H:P) solar cell structures with i-layers of different thicknesses and R values. The mobility gaps of both the amorphous and microcrystalline intrinsic-layer materials as well as those of the transition layers are obtained from dark J(V,T) measurements. Using numerical simulation, both the light and the dark J-V characteristics are self-consistently modeled assuming sharp changes in the mobility gaps at the intrinsic layer transition thicknesses determined by RTSE.
Pseudorandom signals to estimate apparent transfer and coherence functions of nonlinear systems: applications to respiratory mechanics

For pseudorandom (PRN) input stimuli, general expressions are derived for the apparent transfer (Z) and coherence ( gamma /sup 2/) functions of nonlinear systems that can be represented by a Volterra series. To avoid the problems that are shown here to be associated with harmonic distortions and to minimize the influence of crosstalk, a family of pseudorandom signals which are especially suited for the estimation of Z and gamma /sup 2/ in mechanical measurement of physiological systems at low frequencies is proposed. The components in the signals cannot be reproduced as linear combinations of two or more frequency components of the input. In a second-order system, this completely eliminates the bias, while in higher order but not strongly nonlinear systems, the interactions among the components are reduced to such a level that the response can be considered as if it were measured with independent sine waves of an equivalent amplitude. It is also shown that the values of gamma /sup 2/ are not appropriate for assessing linearity of the system. The theory is supported by simulation results and experimental examples. >
Continuous Dynamical Modes in Straits Having Arbitrary Cross Sections, with Applications to the Bab al Mandab

The continuous dynamical modes of the exchange flow in the Bab al Mandab are computed in an attempt to assess the hydraulic character of the flow at the sill. First, an extended version of the Taylor‐Goldstein equation for long waves that accounts for cross-channel topographic variations, is developed. A series of calculations using idealized background velocity U(z) and buoyancy frequency N(z) are presented to illustrate the effects of simple topographic cross sections on the internal modes and their speeds. Next, hydrographic and direct velocity measurements from April to November 1996 using moored CTDs and a bottom-mounted ADCP are utilized to construct monthly mean vertical profiles of N 2(z) and at the U(z) sill. An analytical approximation of the true topography across the strait is also constructed. The observed monthly mean profiles are then used to solve for the phase speeds of the first and second internal modes. Additional calculations are carried out using a selection of ‘‘instantaneous’’ (2-h average) profiles measured during extremes of the semidiurnal tide. The results are compared with a three-layer analysis of data from the previous year. Many of the authors’ conclusions follow from an intriguing observation concerning the long-wave phase speeds. Specifically, it was nearly always observed that the calculated speeds c21 and c1 of the two waves belonging to the first internal mode obey c21 , Umin , Umax , c1, where Umin and Umax are the minimum and maximum of the velocity profile. An immediate consequence is that neither wave has a critical level. For monthly mean profiles, each of which have Umin , 0 , Umax, the flow is therefore subcritical (the phase speeds of the two waves have opposite signs). For instantaneous profiles this relationship continues to hold, although the velocity profile can be unidirectional. Thus the flow can be critical ( c21 5 0 and/or c1 5 0) or even supercritical (c21 and c1 have the same sign) with respect to the first mode. Similar findings follow for the second baroclinic mode phase speeds (c22 and c 2). The authors conclude that hydraulically critical flow is an intermittent feature, influenced to a great extent by the tides. It is noted that the phase speed pairs for each mode lie very close to Umin and Umax. As suggested by the analysis of idealized profiles, this behavior is characteristic of flows that are marginally stable, perhaps as a result of prior mixing. This suggestion is supported by Richardson number (Ri) profiles calculated from the monthly mean and instantaneous data. Middepth values of Ri were frequently found to be O(1) and sometimes ,1/4, a result consistent with the presence of mixing over portions of the water column.
The Quadratic Sieve

Once you have used trial division to get all the small divisors out of your number, a pseudoprime or strong pseudoprime test has shown that it is still composite, and you feel that you have exhausted the possibilities of Pollard’s rho and p — 1 algorithms, then you need to consider one of the big guns: the Elliptic Curve Method (ECM), the Continued Fraction Algorithm (CFRAC), or the Quadratic Sieve (QS). The Quadratic Sieve has now totally supplanted the Continued Fraction Algorithm. As currently implemented, it is faster than CFRAC for any n of at least 18–20 digits, the smallest size for which QS is readily usable. The Elliptic Curve Method has the advantage of being practical from the point where trial division becomes impossible until well into the range where QS can be implemented, at least 25–30 digits. I will be describing CFRAC in Chapter 11 and ECM in Chapter 14.
B-vitamin supplementation of diets for feedlot calves.

B-vitamin supplementation of diets for 144 shipping-stressed crossbred calves (116 kg) at levels up to 10 times that recommended for growing pigs did not influence (P greater than .20) weight gain or feed conversion during a 56-d receiving trial. However, vitamin supplementation tended (P less than .10) to reduce morbidity. In a second trial, supplemental B-vitamins had no effect (P greater than .20) on efficiency of microbial growth or site and extent of digestion of organic matter, acid detergent fiber and N. Supplemental dietary riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, B12 and ascorbic acid were largely metabolized [degraded and (or) absorbed] anterior to the small intestine, with escape values of 1, 3, 10 and 0% of added vitamins, respectively, while dietary B6 and biotin largely escaped the rumen. Thiamine and pantothenic acid were intermediate in ruminal escape (52 and 22%, respectively). Small intestinal absorption of thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, B6 and B12 averaged 75, 79, 25, 79 and 48%, respectively. Coefficients for ruminal escape and microbial synthesis for each B-vitamin were calculated using the slope-ratio technique. Measured flows for thiamine, riboflavin and B12 in a third experiment were similar to flows predicted from escape and synthesis equations, though flow of niacin and B6 were under-predicted by 37 and 44%, respectively. Results are interpreted to indicate that intestinal B-vitamin supply can be predicted based on dietary composition and intake.
Social and emotional intelligence moderate the relationship between psychopathy traits and social perception

Abstract This research explored how psychopathy relates to individuals' ability to discriminate trustworthy and untrustworthy faces and faces displaying Duchenne versus non-Duchenne smiles. Participants (N = 150) categorized faces as trustworthy or untrustworthy in Study 1. Participants (N = 151) categorized faces as displaying Duchenne or non-Duchenne smiles in Study 2. Participants in both studies then completed measures of psychopathy, emotional intelligence, and social intelligence. In Study 1, higher levels of secondary psychopathy were associated with reduced trustworthiness detection for individuals lower in emotional intelligence. Both primary and secondary psychopathy were associated with reduced trustworthiness detection for individuals lower in social intelligence. In Study 2, higher levels of primary psychopathy were associated with reduced accuracy at discriminating Duchenne from non-Duchenne smiles for individuals lower in emotional and social intelligence. Independent of social and emotional intelligence, higher levels of secondary psychopathy were associated with reduced accuracy in discriminating trustworthy from untrustworthy faces and Duchenne from non-Duchenne smiles; primary psychopathy was unrelated to trustworthiness and smile discrimination accuracy. These studies suggest that the relationship between psychopathy and accurate identification of trustworthiness and affiliation cues in faces is influenced by the dimension of psychopathy and levels of emotional and social intelligence, respectively. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Chemoimmunotherapy of a Friend Leukemia With Cells Secondarily Sensitized In Vitro: Effect of Culture Duration on Therapeutic Efficacy

Although in vivo-primed cells are known to be rendered more effective in adoptive tumor therapy by secondary sensitization in vitro, they were tested only at the time of maximum in vitro cytolytic reactivity. Since the requirements for in vitro cytotoxicity and tumor therapy differ, the present study was designed to evaluate and compare the influence of culture duration on these two effector functions. Spleen cells from inbred C57BL/6 mice primed in vivo with the Friend virus-induced leukemia FBL-3 were secondarily sensitized in vitro by culture with tumor and tested for cytotoxicity in vitro in a 4-hour 51Cr release assay and for therapeutic efficacy in vivo against established tumor. In vivo-primed cells tested directly without prior culture were effective in therapy but were not cytotoxic in vitro. Culture of primed cells for 3 days rendered them cytotoxic as measured in vitro. This cytotoxicity increased through day 5, then it plateaued. Cultured duration modified the in vivo efficacy of primed cells differently. Cells cultured for 3 days with secondary sensitization by tumor became more effective in tumor therapy than noncultured primed cells. Increasing the duration of in vitro sensitization from 3 to 5 days did not enhance in vivo therapeutic efficacy, despite a concurrent increase in in vitro cytotoxicity. However, further lengthening of the culture duration to 7 days rendered cells more effective in vivo. These discrepancies presumably reflect different effector cell requirements and/or regulation operative for tumor lysis during a short-term in vitro assay and for tumor eradication following adoptive transfer of immune cells in vivo.
Combating the sophomore slump through peer-mentoring among African American students at predominately white institutions

COMBATING THE SOPHOMORE SLUMP THROUGH PEER-MENTORING AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS AT PREDOMINATELY WHITE INSTITUTIONS Tiffany C. Evans November 7,2011 There is a plethora of research regarding the first year undergraduate student experience; however, 2nd year students are facing adversity and consequently high rates of attrition. This phenomenon is known as the sophomore slump. There is limited research of how the sophomore slump impacts African Americans and research supports involvement, particularly as a peer mentor, increases student persistence beyond the 2nd year. This study uses Tinto's theory of student departure and Collin's theory of othermothering to explore how the academic and social skills of CONECT peer mentors contribute to their experiences as peer mentors and their overall persistence.
A TYPOLOGY OF COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP BASED ON INFLUENCE AND INTERACTION WITHIN THE LEADER SUBSYSTEM

A MONG the several approaches to community study which have been recently outlined,' the interactional approach focuses on the relationships of individuals and groups in a sequence of action, generally within a specific problem context. Important elements of study in this approach are the participants or actors and the relational systems through which action is carried on.2 Of central importance in an analysis of community dynamics are the actions of a particular type of participant generally referred to as a "community leader." Much of the research on leaders at the community level has been concerned with the "attributes" of leaders rather than with their actions within a particular situational context.3 Moreover, few studies have attempted to examine community leaders as themselves constituting a social subsystem characterized by certain norms and patterns of interaction. As Gouldner points out:
Overpressure Effects on the Stability of Deflagrations in Confined Porous Energetic Materials

Previous analyses have shown that unconfined deflagrations propagating through both porous and nonporous energetic materials can exhibit a thermal/diffusive instability that corresponds to the onset of various oscillatory modes of combustion. For porous materials, two-phase-flow effects, associated with the motion of the gas products relative to the condensed material, play a significant role that can shift stability boundaries with respect to those associated with the nonporous problem. In the present work, additional significant effects are shown to be associated with confinement, which produces an overpressure in the burned-gas region that leads to reversal of the gas flow and hence partial permeation of the hot gases into the unburned porous material. This results in a superadiabatic effect that increases the combustion temperature and, consequently, the burning rate. Under the assumption of gas-phase quasi-steadiness, an asymptotic model is presented that facilitates a perturbation analysis of both the basic solution, corresponding to a steadily propagating planar combustion wave, and its stability. The neutral stability boundaries collapse to the previous results in the absence of confinement, but different trends arising from the presence of the gas-permeation layer are predicted for the confined problem. Whereas two-phase-flow effects are generally destabilizing in the unconfined geometry, the effects of increasing overpressure and hence combustion temperature associated with confinement are shown to be generally stabilizing with respect to thermal/diffusive instability, analogous to the effects of decreasing heat losses on combustion temperature and stability in single-phase deflagrations. •''This paper is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States.
Thermodynamic properties of aqueous PEO–PPO–PEO micelles of varying hydrophilicity with added cisplatin determined by differential scanning calorimetry

Differential scanning calorimetry was performed on a series of aqueous solutions of polyethylene oxide–polypropylene oxide–polyethylene oxide, PEO–PPO–PEO (L101, P104, P105, and F108), amphiphiles in the low concentration regime (0–2 % mass v−1) to resolve the critical micelle concentrations of the neat polymers. Work was done from 2 to 10 % mass v−1 (in 2 % mass v−1 increments) amphiphilic copolymer concentrations and co-formulated with cisplatin concentrations (0–0.1 % mass v−1 in 0.02 % mass v−1 increments) to resolve any deviation in the enthalpy of micelle formation. Enthalpy–entropy compensation plots for each neat copolymer and each amphiphile solution mixed with cisplatin were obtained. Two types of behaviors were observed: a drug-influenced compensation temperature profile (P104) and a drug-invariant behavior (L101, P05, and F108) where the change in compensation temperature was <1 °C. Only neat P104 was found to be profoundly influenced by the presence of cisplatin that must reorganize the core–shell interface between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the micelle. Adding cisplatin lowered T compensation from 302.1 to 288.8 K for Pluronic P104.
LLNL NESHAPs 2014 Annual Report

Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC operates facilities at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) where radionuclides are handled and stored. These facilities are subject to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 40, Part 61, Subpart H, which regulates radionuclide emissions to air from Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. Specifically, NESHAPs limits the emission of radionuclides to the ambient air to levels resulting in an annual effective dose equivalent of 10 mrem (100 μSv) to any member of the public. Using measured and calculated emissions, and building-specific and common parameters, LLNL personnel applied the EPA-approved computer code, CAP88-PC, Version 4.0.1.17, to calculate the dose to the maximally exposed individual member of the public for the Livermore Site and Site 300.
Lightning Protection for the Flashover of 220kV Double-Circuit Transmission Line on the Same Tower

Double-circuit transmission line double-circuit flashover is a big accident,which is bad for the stability of the power system. There were two double-circuit transmission line double-circuit flashover hitting in Baotou Electric Power Corporation,the paper uses EMTP lightning flashover model to simulate. The results show that when the lightning hit the top of the tower will cause the C-phase flashover,which is consistent with actual running situation. Through the comparison of the contribution of several components in lightning overvoltage to the final overvoltage on the insulator,we learn that power frequency voltage is the main reason affecting double-circuit transmission line flashover's order. Reducing the impulse grounding resistance and installing line lightning arrester are the most effective ways of improving the lightning resisting level and reduce lightning trip-out rate. According to the result analysis,if only one-phase line arresters are installed on 220 k V doublecircuit transmission line,they should be installed on middle-phases or bottom-phase;if two line surge arresters are installed on two phase on every circuit,they should be mounted on two middle and two bottom phases.
Examining the Bilingual Advantage on Conflict Resolution Tasks: A Meta-Analysis.

A great deal of research has compared monolingual and bilinguals on conflict resolution tasks, with inconsistent findings: Some studies reveal a bilingual advantage on global RTs, some reveal a bilingual advantage on interference cost, and some show no advantage. We report a meta-analysis of 73 comparisons (N = 5538), with estimates of global RTs and interference cost for each study. Results revealed a moderately significant effect size that was not moderated by type of cost (global RT or interference cost) or task. Age interacted with type of cost, showing a pattern difficult to reconcile with theories of bilingualism and executive control. Additionally there was a significant main effect of lab, which might be due to sociolinguistic differences in samples, data treatment and methodology, or Hawthorne effects.
Biogas from Biomass for a Kenya Farm Service Center

The objective is to provide fuel, feed, and fertilizer by utilizing the wastes and by-products from a Kenya farm service center. Each farm service center is planned to operate a four-hectare farm: one hectare of corn, one hectare of wheat, and two hectares of a legume/grass mixture. There would also be 10 dairy cows, 35 pigs, and 300 chickens. Wastes and byproducts from these crops and livestock can be used to produce methane and possibly alcohol to supply locally needed fuels and help operate a food processing plant.
Lateral Chest Radiograph. A Systematic Approach

The lateral chest radiograph is a valuable source of information that has become increasingly undervalued in the era of chest computed tomography. Optimal use of the lateral radiograph requires systematic analysis. First is an overview, followed by analysis of the airway and major hilar structures. Next is attention to the three areas where the image darkens in the absence of visible structure edges. Last is attention to the periphery and the upper abdomen. This communication outlines the systematic analysis and then explains in more detail the value of the critical features of that analysis.
The return of the state? France’s response to the financial and economic crisis

The 2008 financial meltdown prompted an apparent revival of the dirigiste or statist economic model in France, a country with a long tradition of state-led development. French President, Nicolas Sarkozy denounced laissez-faire capitalism, which he blamed for the crisis, and launched a series of industrial policy initiatives. Yet the reality of French actions fell well short of the statist rhetoric, with the government committing few financial resources to its signature industrial policy programs and displaying little capacity to steer business strategies. This article argues that France’s neostatist turn was largely checked by the legacies of shifts in French economic policy a quarter-century earlier. Specifically, the break with the dirigiste model in 1983 deprived French authorities of many of the institutions and instruments associated with state-led development, while the massive expansion of social and labor market programs that eased the movement away from dirigisme left the government without the fiscal capacity to launch expensive new promotional policies. The broader lesson is that a country’s response to crisis is shaped by long-term structural factors, not just short-term political calculations, and that there are important institutional and fiscal prerequisites for statist revival, even when neoliberalism is widely believed to have failed.
Ancestors and Gods, Family and Politics

The popular beliefs are the least ideologized part of Taiwanese religion. Although some aspects of popular beliefs are consciously systematized and explicit, they form at best a partial ideology in comparison to Buddhism, Taoism or the state cult. One of the primary goals of this chapter and the next will be to show how much of the popular beliefs exists only in pragmatic, context-bound interpretation. This holds for all aspects of the beliefs, but especially strongly for the ghosts, whom I address in Chapter 3. A second goal of these chapters is to ask why only certain aspects of popular ritual precipitate into a partial ideology, while many others remain in solution. In general, I will argue that ideologies occur where the ritual changes little across social contexts and over time, and especially where many different groups (including the state and local elites) reinforce popular interpretations of rituals. Pragmatic interpretation remains more likely instead where the contexts in which a ritual is interpreted have changed rapidly, and where elites try to discourage those interpretations.
lncRNA Structure: Message to the Heart

In this issue, Xue et al. (2016) describe the secondary structure of the heart-specific long non-coding RNA Braveheart, leading to the discovery of a short, asymmetric G-rich loop that controls cardiac lineage commitment by interacting with the transcription factor CNBP.
Sex differences in sodium deposition in human muscle and skin

The aim of this work was to investigate possible sex differences in the patterns of sodium deposition between muscle and skin using sodium MRI. A total of 38 subjects were examined for comparisons: 20 males, aged 25-79years with a median age of 51; 18 females, aged 38-66years, median age 53. All subjects underwent sodium MRI scans of the calf muscles together with cross sections through four calibration standards containing known sodium contents (10mM, 20mM, 30mM, and 40mM). Tissue sodium concentrations (TSC) in muscle and skin were then calculated by comparing signal intensities between tissues and reference standards using a linear analysis. A Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied to the ΔTSC (=TSCmuscle-TSCskin) series of males and females to examine if they were significantly different. Finally, a multiple linear regression was utilized to account for the effects from two potential confounders, age and body mass index (BMI). We found that sodium content appears to be higher in skin than in muscle for men, however women tend to have higher muscle sodium than skin sodium. This sex-relevant sodium deposition is statistically significant (P=3.10×10-5) by the Wilcoxon rank sum test, and this difference in distribution seems to be more reliable with increasing age. In the multiple linear regression, gender still has a statistically significant effect (P<1.0×10-4) on the difference between sodium deposition in muscle and skin, while taking the effects of age and BMI into account.
No Man is an Island: A Note on Image and Thought in Goethe’s Iphigenie

(1962). No Man is an Island: A Note on Image and Thought in Goethe’s Iphigenie. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 42-54.
Modeling the Kinetics of Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase-L1, and S100B Concentrations in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), and S100B have been shown to be predictive of patients with brain injury. Kinetics of these biomarkers in injured humans have not been extensively examined. This prospective multi-center study included patients with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury. Blood samples obtained at enrollment and every 6 h up to 24 h post-injury were assayed for GFAP, UCH-L1, and S100B. Random effects models examined changes in the biomarkers' level over time. A total of 167 patients were enrolled; mean age was 46.0 ± 17.8, 61.1% were male, 143 (85.6%) had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15, and 33 (19.8%) had a positive head computed tomography (CT) scan. Baseline median biomarker concentrations for all three were higher among CT-positive patients (p < 0.0001) but GFAP was the only biomarker that significantly increased over time among CT-positive patients relative to CT-negative patients (log transformed values 0.037; 95% confidence interval 0.02, 0.05; p < 0.001), indicating a 3.7% per hour rise in GFAP concentration. There was no significant increase in either UCH-L1 or S100B in CT-positive patients (p = 0.15 and p = 0.47, respectively). GFAP concentrations increased 3.7% per hour among CT-positive patients whereas neither UCH-L1 nor S100B increased, compared with CT-negative patients. The kinetics and temporal profile of GFAP suggest it may be a more robust biomarker to detect patients with positive CT findings, particularly at later post-injury times. Further study is needed to determine if GFAP is a useful test to follow throughout a patient's clinical course.
Promoting Teen Contraceptive Use by Intervention With Their Mothers

Introduction The purpose of this pilot study was to test a community outreach model designed to help mothers in a rural, medically underserved area navigate their teen daughters to health department services for long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) or alternative contraception. Methods The pilot study used a single-group, post-test only design. Mothers of teen daughters (N=142) received a 1-hour, one-to-one intervention session (in outreach settings) from Community Liaisons. Mothers received training on how to communicate with their daughters about LARC and other contraceptive methods. Data were collected from June through October 2014, and analyzed in September 2015. Results The authors re-contacted 104 of 142 mothers enrolled in the study, achieving a 73.2% retention rate. Of these, 12.5% had daughters receiving LARC. An additional 11.0% had daughters with health department–verified initiation of birth control pills. Only one correlate—whether a mother believed her daughter was having sex—was associated with receiving either LARC or birth control pills. Among those indicating they knew their daughters were having sex, 31.7% of the daughters received LARC/birth control pills. By contrast, among mothers not indicating they knew their daughters were having sex, only 2.9% had daughters receiving LARC or birth control pills. Conclusions Findings suggest that an outreach-based program delivered directly to mothers of teen daughters may be a highly effective method for enhancing service utilization of LARC and the initiation of birth control pill use in a rural, medically underserved area.
Leaving US-Occupied Haiti

In 1931, African American writer Langston Hughes and a companion named Zell Ingram boarded a ship headed from Haiti to Cuba. The two men had run short on money during their travels and could only afford deck passage. As a result, they rode to Cuba among Haitian agricultural workers. Hughes’ recorded experiences remain the only written account of the journey that so many Haitians had undertaken during the previous three decades. Passage on the uncovered upper deck of a steamship was cheap but it was not comfortable. During the day, the Caribbean heat made its metal surface hot “like a griddle” and painful to the touch. Sunset brought new challenges: Crossing the Windward Passage, in the middle of the night while we were asleep on deck, the ship ran headlong into a sudden September squall … With dozens of other deck passengers, we were rain-soaked, wind-tossed, and in danger of being washed off the open deck into the sea by the mounting waves. Finally the chief mate allowed us all a crowded shelter between decks where the ship's supplies, ropes and chains, were stored. There, with some fifty seasick peasants squatting in the dark waiting for day, the heat and stench were almost unbearable. Hughes and Ingram emerged from below deck to meet Cuban officials in the port of Santiago de Cuba. As foreigners without funds or work contracts, they faced the brunt of Cuban immigration laws. The immigration authorities did not know what to make of two American Negroes traveling on the open deck, unable to display between us as much as fifty dollars. They argued that only sugar cane workers traveled in that fashion. Therefore, since we had no working permits, they refused to allow us on Cuban soil until we posted bonds. We were consigned to Santiago's “Ellis Island,” a jail-like fortress in the harbor, zooming with mosquitoes, crawling with bedbugs, and alive with fleas … We were released only on the condition that we cross the island immediately, embark at once for Florida, and not stop anywhere to work in Cuba. Langston Hughes experienced the state's efficient administration of a highly regulated system of border controls. But he arrived during the last year of legal migration to Cuba in a political and legal context that was distinct from previous years.
Convex hull game: a tangible context for algorithms and computer graphics concepts

This paper presents a unique way to engage students in an Algorithms or Computer Graphics course through the development of a convex hull-based game. The game provides a compelling context to use image processing techniques to create a simple tangible user interface that allows players to physically manipulate the input to a convex hull algorithm and display an impressive visualization as the result.
The 3i Contact Management Informed-Intelligent-Insightful Led Execution Towards Enhanced Customer Interaction & Experience

Effective and efficient way of complaint management is an integral part of enhancing customer experience. Apart from the potential loss of customer and Brand reputation damage, research reveals an average cost of about $250 to $350 per complaint in terms of manpower, infrastructure and compensation.
Polypharmacy and Drug-Drug Interactions: Methadone

Methadone is a potent opioid analgesic that is available in a racemic mixture of l-isomer, carrying the majority of opioid properties, and d-isomer, primarily related to NMDA receptor antagonist activity. Methadone is metabolized in the liver via CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, and CYP1A2. As a consequence this medication may have significant interactions with drugs that share the same metabolic pathway, sometimes contributing to increase of the toxic side effects of the methadone. QTc interval increase and significant sedation and respiratory depression are just a few of the devastating adverse events associated with methadone that account for the many reported deaths in recent years.