cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Product complexity and supply chain design

To assemble a product, each and every part is required. Hence, the more parts in the product, the greater the risk of disruption. Compared with retailers or assemblers of simple products, manufacturers of complex products are much more sensitive to supply chain delays. This heightened vulnerability to supply chain disruptions should lead complex product assemblers to design less risky supply chains. Supply chain design should depend on the complexity of the product assembled or manufactured. This paper models how product complexity drives the likelihood of disruption for given component supply chain reliabilities. The paper provides insights for supply chain design that comprehends the impact of product complexity.
Interaction of Profiled Light with Contrapropagating Acoustic Waves: Fourier Transform Approach

A straightforward Fourier-transform approach is employed to investigate acousto-optic interaction between an input optical beam with arbitrary profile and contrapropagating cw sound in the Bragg regime. The process can be analyzed in terms of the simultaneous scattering of light by the two sound waves in the interaction region. Analytic expressions for the equivalent transfer functions are obtained and the scattered light profiles are plotted.
Diagnostic Yield of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis in an Autism Primary Care Practice: Which Guidelines to Implement?

Genetic testing is recommended for patients with ASD; however specific recommendations vary by specialty. American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Neurology guidelines recommend G-banded karyotype and Fragile X DNA. The American College of Medical Genetics recommends Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA). We determined the yield of CMA (N = 85), karyotype (N = 119), and fragile X (N = 174) testing in a primary pediatrics autism practice. We found twenty (24%) patients with abnormal CMA results (eight were clinically significant), three abnormal karyotypes and one Fragile X syndrome. There was no relationship between CMA result and cognitive level, seizures, dysmorphology, congenital malformations or behavior. We conclude that CMA should be the clinical standard in all specialties for first tier genetic testing in ASD.
Detection of a concerted conformational change in the ATPase domain of DnaK triggered by peptide binding.

The molecular chaperone DnaK is composed of two functional domains, the ATPase domain and the substrate-binding domain. In this report, we show that peptide binding to DnaK can be sensed in real time through a labeled nucleotide bound in the ATPase domain. Specifically, when N8-(4-N'-methylanthraniloylaminobutyl)-8-aminoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (MABA)-ATP.DnaK complexes are rapidly mixed with excess peptide, MABA fluorescence rapidly increases and the rate of increase is proportional to peptide concentration. Analysis of the formation traces yield on and off rate constants that are exactly equal to the rate constants obtained from experiments that directly probe peptide binding to DnaK. These results are the first to show that peptide binding to ATP.DnaK triggers a concerted conformational change in the ATPase domain.
The safety and efficacy of high-dose daptomycin combined with rifampicin for the treatment of Gram-positive osteoarticular infections.

Purpose Treatment of Gram-positive osteoarticular infections requires an adequate surgical approach combined with intensive antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a combined regimen of high-dose daptomycin and rifampicin, in patients with various types of Gram-positive osteoarticular infections.
Critical form and feedbacks in mountain‐belt dynamics: Role of rheology as a tectonic governor

[1] The rheology that governs deformation within a convergent orogen also controls its topographic form, or in other words, the covaration of its height (or thickness) and its width. Under conditions pertaining to small orogens and for rheologies ranging from linear viscous to Coulomb plastic, we show that this topographic form is insensitive to the distributions of fluxes into and out of the wedge and is thus a fundamental property of the system. It can therefore be thought of as a “critical” topographic form, directly analogous to the well-studied case of a Coulomb plastic rheology, which predicts a constant critical taper angle, independent of its size. The tendency of the system to evolve toward a critical topographic form can be regarded as a “tectonic governor” that strongly damps the response of the orogen to changes in climate or tectonic forcing. Scaling relationships can be derived for the variation of orogen width, height, and exhumation rate as a function of accretionary flux and precipitation rate. This study explores how sensitive these scaling relationships are to the assumed rheology. It is found that the scaling relationships vary by less than a factor of 2 across the range of typical geological rheologies, from Coulomb friction, to power law viscous, to linear viscous. These scaling relationships provide a first-order representation of the behavior of convergent wedges and are relatively insensitive to the underlying assumptions.
Are accounting majors really better? Evaluating admissions and retention standards for undergraduate accounting programs

Abstract Admission and retention standards for students in undergraduate programs of education are a widely-used tool for enhancing the quality of the students who complete these programs. The authors present a technique for evaluating the effectiveness of existing admission/retention standards and a discussion of the results of the application of the technique at a major midwestern university. The evaluation technique was found to provide a useful means of verifying the effectiveness of admission/retention standards in undergraduate accounting programs.
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity in the Neonatal rat Heart Following Prenatal Exposure to Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether

ABSTRACTIn mammals, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is highest during periods of rapid cellular growth and development, and the normal pattern of ODC activity during this period is sensitive to chemical and drug exposure. The industrial solvent ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) is teratogenic to rats and mice, with the heart being particularly sensitive. Basal ODC activity and ODC activity following an isoproterenol challenge were used to assess heart function in 3-, 9-, 16- and 22- day-old offspring from dams treated with 25 mg/kg EGME by gavage on days 7–13 or 13–19 of gestation. Reproductive outcome was not affected by EGME and none of the offspring had gross physical abnormalities. Gestation length was prolonged by both EGME treatments, but the increase was statistically significant only in the group treated on days 7–13 gestation. ODC activity per mg protein was greatest in 3-day-old rats and dropped off sharply during the following 3 weeks. In 3-day-old rats exposed on days 7–13 of gest...
The effect of redox site concentration on the rate of mediated oxidation of solution substrates by a redox copolymer film

Abstract Copolymer films of the complexes [Ru(II)(bpy) 2 (p-cinn) 2 ] 2+ and [Os(II)(bpy) 2 (p-cinn) 2 ] 2+ (p-cinn = N -(4-pyridyl)cinnamamide) are formed by reductive electrochemical polymerization of solutions of the two complexes at platinum electrodes. The films are redox active and mediate the oxidation of solution substrates via Os(III) ( E 0′ =0.64 V) and Ru(III) ( E 0 =1.13 V) sites in the film. At potentials where only Os(II) is oxidized the rates of oxidation of [Ru(bpy) 2 (NO)Cl] + and of [Ru(i-pr-bpy) 2 Cl 2 ] (i-pr-bpy= 4,4′-di-iso-propylcarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine) depend on the concentration of Os(III) sites in the copolymer film. Lowering the mole fraction of Os(II) in the copolymer results in decreases in the mediated oxidation rate. At low Os(II) fractions, oxidation of [Ru(i-pr-bpy) 2 Cl 2 ] by Os(III) is limited exclusively by the rate of transport of holes through the film. As the fraction of Os(II) in the copolymer increases, the limiting rate of substrate oxidation is influenced by several processes including diffusion of the substrate within the film and the rate of the electron exchange reaction. Rotated disk voltammetric data for substrate oxidation by the films are analyzed to obtain kinetic parameters for the competing processes.
Density relaxation in a vibrated granular material

We report measurements of the density of a vibrated granular material as a function of time. The material studied consists of monodisperse spherical glass particles confined to a long, thin cylindrical tube. Vibrations cause the pile to evolve from a low density initial configuration toward a steady state with a final density that depends on the intensity of the vibrations. We find a complex time evolution that is incompatible with a single exponential relaxation. There appears to be a characteristic value of the acceleration that separates two regimes of packing behavior. The results are compared to current theories of compaction.
Heat Shock Protein 90 as an Endogenous Protein Enhancer of Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase

Nitric oxide (NO) generated by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) plays crucial roles in inflammation and host defense. With an intrinsically bound calmodulin, iNOS is fully active once expressed in cells. Thus, regulation of NO production from iNOS was thought to primarily occur at the enzyme transcriptional level. Here we show that NO synthesis from iNOS can be profoundly modulated by heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) through protein-protein interaction. To study whether hsp90 affects iNOS function, recombinant murine iNOS was purified from an Escherichia coli expression system by affinity chromatography. Hsp90, at physiological concentrations (10-500 nm), dose-dependently increased iNOS activity. This was a specific effect because neither denatured hsp90 nor irrelevant bovine serum albumin affected iNOS function. Overexpression of hsp90 enhanced NO production in iNOS-transfected cells. On the contrary, hsp90 inhibition dramatically decreased NO formation from iNOS in macrophages. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that hsp90 and iNOS associated with each other in cells. Overexpression of iNOS resulted in NO-mediated cellular injury. Hsp90 inhibition markedly attenuated NO formation and prevented cellular injury. These results demonstrated that hsp90 is an allosteric enhancer of iNOS. iNOS is coupled with hsp90 in cells, and this coupling facilitates NO synthesis. In light of the critical role of hsp90 in iNOS-mediated cytotoxic action, modulating the interaction between hsp90 and iNOS may be a new approach to intervene inflammation and immune response.
Microflora of raw cacao beans.

Whole non-moldy cacao beans from 14 sources cultured on Czapek's agar with six percent NaCl yielded species ofAspergillus glaucus group,Mucor pusillus and unidentified yeast and bacteria. The average number of bacterial colonies from the 14 sources of non-moldy cacao beans was 32.7 million per gram. The average number of colonies of filamentous fungi in dilution cultures was 57,000 colonies per gram. Yeast colonies were present in the amount of 15.8 million colonies per gram. The moldy beans analyzed contained fungi and bacterial counts in the billions; also, yeast was not isolated from the moldy samples.
Exercise-induced alterations in plasma concentrations of ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, glucose, insulin, and cortisol in horses.

Abstract Six Standardbred (STB) mares (11 ± 2 years, 521 ± 77 kg; means ± SD) performed an exercise trial (EX) where they underwent an incremental exercise test (GXT) as well as a parallel control trial (CON) to test the hypothesis that short-term, high intensity exercise would alter plasma concentrations of glucose, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, insulin and cortisol. Plasma samples were taken before (0 min), during (last 10 s at 6, 8 m/s, and the velocity eliciting VO2max), and after exercise (2, 10, 30, 60 min; 12 and 24 h post-GXT). A second set of blood samples was collected before and after an afternoon meal given at 1515 h (at 1500, 1514, 1530, and 1545 h). Data were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey’s test. During the GXT, there were no changes (P > 0.05) in the plasma concentrations of glucose, leptin, adiponectin or ghrelin. However, there was a 29% increase (P
Segmental relaxation of water-aged ambient cured epoxy

Abstract The effects of long-term immersion on the viscoelastic characteristics of an ambient-temperature cured epoxy system, typical of systems used in infrastructure rehabilitation, are investigated using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The study considers specimens aged at temperatures of immersion of 23, 37.8 and 60 °C. Time–temperature superposition principles were used to construct master curves of the storage modulus in the glass–rubber transition region for both wet and rejuvenated specimens. Viscoelastic parameters such as the relaxation time and the distribution parameters (β) were determined using KWW curve fits to the master curves. The free-volume content determined through curve fitting of the WLF is higher by about 0.4% for wet specimens than the rejuvenated specimens. Consequently, the fragility index and the activation energy of the relaxation around Tg are all reduced in the wet state. The viscoelastic properties of the aged epoxy specimens are strongly dependent on the temperatures of immersion although the level of water uptake in all cases is similar. Formation of multi-bound water molecules leads to the broadest glass–rubber relaxation in the wet state for specimens aged at 37.8 °C in deionized water, whereas the 60 °C aged specimens show the broadest relaxation in the rejuvenated state due to the formation of a heterogeneous network structure.
Localization of the scaffolding protein RACK1 in the developing and adult mouse brain

Abstract RACK1 is a multifunctional scaffolding protein known to be involved in the regulation of various signaling cascades in the central nervous system (CNS). In order to gain insight into the neurological functions of RACK1, we examined the expression of RACK1 mRNA and protein during gestation and in the adult mouse brain. Several expression patterns were observed. At embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5), RACK1 is expressed in a high-dorsal to low-ventral gradient throughout the brain. At E13.5, RACK1 is most abundant in the telencephalon. In the developing cortical primordium, RACK1 protein is expressed in a high-rostromidline to low-caudolateral gradient that appears to be regulated post-transcriptionally. At E18.5, RACK1 is expressed most abundantly in layers 1–4 of the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, dentate gyrus and specific thalamic nuclei. In the adult mouse, RACK1 is ubiquitously expressed in neuronal perikarya in most brain regions, with relatively higher levels in hippocampus, olfactory bulb, cortex and cerebellum. Subcellular staining was detected mainly in the cell bodies and extending into dendrites, whereas RACK1 was not present significantly in axonal fibers or nuclei. We also determined brain regions in which RACK1 interacts with one of its binding partners, the βII isoform of protein kinase C (βIIPKC). We found that βIIPKC had a much more restricted expression pattern than RACK1 and overlapped with the scaffolding protein only in certain regions, including the CA1 area of the hippocampus, cerebellum and striatum. Our results suggest an important role for RACK1 during CNS development and support multiple functions of the protein in the adult brain.
Kinetics and Energetics of Biomolecular Folding and Binding

The ability of biomolecules to fold and to bind to other molecules is fundamental to virtually every living process. Advanced experimental techniques can now reveal how single biomolecules fold or bind against mechanical force, with the force serving as both the regulator and the probe of folding and binding transitions. Here, we present analytical expressions suitable for fitting the major experimental outputs from such experiments to enable their analysis and interpretation. The fit yields the key determinants of the folding and binding processes: the intrinsic on-rate and the location and height of the activation barrier.
Micronuclei and gene mutations in transgenic Big Blue® mouse and rat fibroblasts after exposure to the epoxide metabolites of 1,3-butadiene

Abstract 1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a commodity compound and by-product in the manufacture of synthetic rubber that elicits a differential carcinogenic response in rodents after chronic exposure. Mice are up to approximately 1000-fold more sensitive to the tumorigenicity of inhaled BD than rats, thereby confounding human risk assessment analyses. Rodent transgenic in vivo and in vitro models have been recently utilized for generating genetic toxicology data in support of risk assessment studies. However, studies have not been extended to investigate multiple endpoints of genetic damage using in vitro transgenic models. The goal of this study was to evaluate possible differences in the production of genetic damage in transgenic Big Blue® mouse (BBM1) and rat (BBR1) fibroblasts exposed to three predominant epoxide metabolites of BD. Analyses of cytotoxicity, micronucleus (MN) formation, cII mutant frequency (MF) and apoptosis were assessed after in vitro exposure of BBM1 and BBR1 cells exposed to various concentrations of butadiene monoepoxide (BMO), diepoxybutane (DEB) and butadiene diolepoxide (BDE). Both BMO and DEB reduced cell survival in BBM1 and BBR1 cells. However, BDE decreased cell survival only in BBM1 cells at the concentrations evaluated. Concentration-dependent increases in the formation of MN was observed in both BBM1 and BBR1 cells, with DEB being the most potent followed by BDE and then BMO. The dose-response for mutations induced at the cII locus was essentially equal after DEB exposure of BBM1 and BBR1 fibroblasts. In contrast, the cII MF was significantly increased only in BBM1 cells after exposure to either BMO or BDE. These data demonstrate a differential genetic response for gene mutations but not for MN formation in transgenic BBM1 and BBR1 fibroblasts and suggest a rodent species-specific difference in the persistence of DNA damage that results in gene mutations. In addition, apoptosis was observed in BBR1 cells but not in BBM1 cells when treated with any of the three BD epoxide metabolites. This response may partially explain the differential response to mutations induced by BMO and BDE. These data offer insight into specific differences in mouse and rat cells with respect to their response to BD epoxide metabolites. Such data may help to explain the different tumorigenicity results observed in rodent BD carcinogenicity studies.
Adaptive sliding mode control of air–fuel ratio in internal combustion engines

A simplified model of an internal combustion engine is used to derive a sliding mode control law. Adaptive update laws are derived for two fueling parameters that describe fuel flow into the cylinders, and a third parameter that describes air flow into the cylinders. The update laws allow the sliding mode control gain, which is usually increased to overcome model uncertainty, to be reduced. This improves the tracking performance of the sliding mode controller in the presence of the feedback time delays. The parameter update laws are modified to bound the parameter values and allow all three parameter update laws to run simultaneously. The effect of the sampling rate on the adaptive sliding mode controller performance and air–fuel ratio biasing via gain selection are also addressed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resection of pancreatic head neoplasm in a patient with previous coronary bypass grafting using right gastroepiploic artery.

A 64-year-old man was admitted for assessment and management of pancreatic head tumour. He had a history of angina pectoris which was treated by coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using the pedicled right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) 7 years ago. His follow-up CT scan revealed a 4 cm-sized multilocular cystic tumour of the pancreatic head, which was gradually enlarging during 2 years and was suggestive of potentially malignant intraductal papillary mucinous tumour (IPMN), without evidence of distant metastasis (figure 1A, B). Coronary CT showed the patent RGEA graft connected to the right coronary artery (RCA) (figure 1C, video A). After discussing how best to manage intraoperative coronary vascular flow by surgeons, cardiovascular surgeons …
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura in ulcerative colitis: a case report and systematic review.

Over 100 extraintestinal manifestations are reported in ulcerative colitis (UC). A commonly reported hematological manifestation is autoimmune hemolytic anemia. On rare occasions, immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has been reported with UC. The presence of thrombocytopenia can complicate the clinical scenario as the number of bloody bowel movements is an important indicator of disease activity in UC. A proposed theory for this association is antigenic mimicry between a platelet surface antigen and bacterial glycoprotein. We are reporting a case of UC and associated ITP managed successfully with anti-TNF therapy. We also performed a systemic review of case reports and a case series reporting this association. Keywords: immune thrombocytopenic purpura; ulcerative colitis; anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies; intravenous immunoglobulins; extraintestinal manifestation (Published: 14 April 2014) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2014, 4 : 23386 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v4.23386
Equality of the Sexes: Found in Translation

Male fruit flies (and humans) have half the number of X chromosomes that females have, yet the expression of X-linked proteins in males is the same because of a sex-specific compensatory mechanism. In this issue of Cell, report that a unique two-stage translation silencing mechanism thwarts synthesis of a male-specific transcription activator in female flies, ensuring that gene dosage compensation occurs only in males.
Technology and Society: The Impact of Gold Mining on the Institution of Slavery in Portuguese America

This article examines the impact of gold mining on slavery in colonial Brazil. Crown policies, economic pressures, and gold's role as an instrument for social mobility had demographic repercussions—affecting sexual imbalance, the ratio of slaves to freedmen, the availability and distribution of labor. Economic factors determined ethnic origins, slave trade patterns, and the assimilative capability of blacks as illustrated by the slave family. Differences between slavery in mining and plantation societies are emphasized. The transfer of technical skills is signalled as a major African contribution to the New World. The article concludes by assessing the psychological and administrative impact of a black majority.
Surgical considerations in the treatment of vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency.

Summary o 1. Our experience with fifty-three operations on vertebral arteries in fifty patients has been reviewed. 2. The place of positional arteriography as one of the most meaningful studies presently available is emphasized. 3. Various surgical approaches employed are detailed.
Feedback suppression in anesthesia. Is it reversible

Information processing that subserves conscious cognitive functions is thought to involve recurrent signaling through feedforward and feedback loops among hierarchically arranged functional regions of the cerebral cortex. In the current issue of Consciousness and Cognition, Lee et al. report that loss of consciousness, as produced by a bolus injection of the general anesthetic propofol to human volunteers, was accompanied by a decrease in wide-band EEG feedback connectivity from frontal cortex to parietal cortex, confirming a prediction from previous experimental studies. Interestingly, frontoparietal feedback connectivity did not fully recover after the anesthetic effect wore off and the subjects first opened their eyes in response to a verbal command. Possible interpretations of the results and their implications with respect to the neural correlates of consciousness and unconsciousness are discussed.
Variation of the effective elastic constants in the sample coordinate system with tilt angle (ψ) for X-ray strain-stress analysis

Abstract In X-ray strain-stress analysis of polycrystalline materials, the strains obtained by diffraction at each ψ-tilt originate from mutually exclusive sets of grains. Owing to the selectivity of the diffraction conditions, not all possible grain orientations occur in all sets with respect to the sample coordinates. Consequently, the elastic constants of the diffracting ensemble along a given direction on the surface of the sample must change with ψ-tilt. In this paper, the variation in Young's modulus of individual grains along vector S1 in the surface, and the average Young's modulus along S1 for a given ψ-tilt in the sample coordinate system are investigated through numerical analysis. It is shown that there may be sets whose effective elastic constants may not equal that of the overall body even for fine-grained, random, quasi-isotropic single-phase materials. The differences in the effective elastic constants may be as much as 50% between sets diffracting with the same (hkl) reflection at differe...
A review of melt migration processes in the adiabatically upwelling mantle beneath oceanic spreading ridges

We review physical and chemical constraints on the mechanisms of melt extraction from the mantle beneath midocean ridges. Compositional constraints from MORB and abyssal peridotite are summarized, ...
Child Development Knowledge and Teacher Preparation: Confronting Assumptions.

Abstract This article takes up questions concerning the role and importance of child development knowledge for teachers, teaching, and teacher education. Questions include: What does the term “development” mean? What child development knowledge should be learned? Can we agree on a body of child development knowledge and principles? Why has the role of child development knowledge in pedagogy become a contentious issue? The implications of answers to these questions are also discussed.
Elevated Breast Cancer Mortality in Women Younger than Age 40 Years Compared with Older Women Is Attributed to Poorer Survival in Early-Stage Disease

Background We investigated differences in breast cancer mortality between younger (younger than 40 years of age) and older (40 years of age and older) women by stage at diagnosis to identify patient and tumor characteristics accounting for disparities. Study Design We conducted a retrospective study of women diagnosed with breast cancer in the 1988 to 2003 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data. Multivariate Cox regression models calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals to compare overall and stage-specific breast cancer mortality in women younger than 40 years old and women 40 years and older, controlling for potential confounding variables identified in univariate tests. Results Of 243,012 breast cancer patients, 6.4% were younger than 40 years old, and 93.6% were 40 years of age or older. Compared with older women, younger women were more likely to be African American, single, diagnosed at later stages, and treated by mastectomy. Younger women had tumors that were more likely to be higher grade, larger size, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor–negative, and lymph-node positive (p Conclusions Higher breast cancer mortality in younger women was attributed to poorer outcomes with early-stage disease. Additional studies should focus on specific tumor biology contributing to the increased mortality of younger women with early-stage breast cancer.
Stepanov-like almost automorphic functions and monotone evolution equations

Abstract In this paper we are concerned with a (new) class of (Stepanov-like) almost automorphic ( S p -a.a.) functions with values in a Banach space X . This class contains the space AA ( X ) of all (Bochner) almost automorphic functions. We use the results obtained to prove the existence and uniqueness of a weak S p -a.a. solution to the parabolic equation u ′ ( t ) + A ( t ) u = f ( t ) in a reflexive Banach space, assuming some appropriate conditions of monotonicity, coercitivity of the operators A ( t ) and S p ′ -almost automorphy of the forced term f ( t ) . This result extends a known result in the case of almost periodicity. An application is also given.
Computational Geosciences with Mathematica(William C. Haneberg)

As a young geoscientist growing up during the early expansive phase of computational geoscience, I had occasion to learn how to program in a variety of languages, from assembly language to FORTRAN, BASIC (Dartmouth BASIC, QuickBASIC, TrueBASIC, RealBASIC), Pascal, PL-1, XPL, APL, FOCUS, and so on. Today, those who write programs to support their own work tend to use programming environments like Code Warrior or higher-level languages like MATLAB, Maple and Mathematica . For example, MATLAB scripts are included in geoscience texts by Middleton (2000) and Pollard and Fletcher (2005). In recent years, the trend has been more toward using black-box applications programmed by someone else, which typically consist of either user-antagonistic freeware/shareware or quite expensive commercial packages. (The single-user license for an application that I use to make structural cross sections from surface and well data costs $35,000.) The problem is that most geoscience students and professionals have a limited time to devote to gaining a functional knowledge of a computer language. Because Mathematica is potentially such a powerful and versatile tool for geoscientists, William Haneberg's new book Computational Geosciences with Mathematica (2005) has proven to be the most useful book that I have acquired in the last year. To my knowledge, Haneberg's book is the only text available that explains the use of Mathematica in solving a wide array of geoscience problems, although Costain and Coruh (2004) authored a text on exploration seismology that utilizes Mathematica . I can give no higher compliment or recommendation than to state that information and ideas in Haneberg's book have led directly to several significant enhancements …
A radioatographic study of the uptake of [14C]leucine by tumor cells in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis

Abstract Ehrlich ascites tumor cells from mice injected simultaneously with [3H]thymidine and l -[ i -14C]leucine were autoradiographed with a two-emulsion technique, which allows the study of two distinct metabolic processes occurring at the same time in the same cell. The results show that the uptake of [14C]leucine is highest in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in DNA synthesis. As DNA synthesis ceases, the uptake of leucine decreases considerably, until it reaches a minimum during actual division.
On the representation of error

Though he maintained a significant interest in theoretical aspects of measurement, Henry E. Kyburg, Jr. was critical of the representational theory that in many ways has come to dominate discussions concerning the foundations of measurement. In particular, Kyburg (in Savage and Ehrlich (eds) Philosophical and foundational issues in measurement theory, 1992) asserts that the representational theory of measurement, as introduced in (Scott and Suppes, Journal of Symbolic Logic, 23:113–128, 1958) and developed in (Krantz et al., Foundations of measurment: additive and polynomial representations. Academic Press, 1971), cannot account for the measurement of error. The present work examines and responds to this charge.
Minimum acceptable procedures for satisfactory removable partial denture service.

Diagnostic casts and final casts should be made of hydrocal stone poured into impressions. When final impressions are made with an alginate (irreversible hydrocolloid) impression material, the casts should be poured immediately after the impressions are removed from the mouth. Final (master) casts should be poured as quickly as possible into all impressions made from other elastic materials. Prolonged storage and transportation of impressions are to be avoided. A partially filled impression should not be inverted into additional hydrocal stone to form a base for the cast. Casts must not be removed from impressions until the minimum time recommended by the manufacturer has elapsed.
Mutational analysis of the yeast coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase complex.

The synthesis of cytochrome b in yeast depends on the expression of both mitochondrial and nuclear gene products that act at the level of processing of the premRNA, translation of the mRNA, and maturation of the apoprotein during its assembly with the nuclear-encoded subunits of coenzyme QH 2 -cytochrome c reductase. Previous studies indicated one of the nuclear genes ( CBP2 ) to code for a protein that is needed for the excision of the terminal intervening sequence from the pre-mRNA. We show here that the intervening sequence can promote its own excision in the presence of high concentrations of magnesium ion (50 but that at physiological concentrations of the divalent cation (5 mM), the splicing reaction requires the presence of the CBP2 -encoded product. These results provide strong evidence for a direct participation of the protein in splicing, most likely in stabilizing a splicing competent structure in the RNA. The conversion of apocytochrome b to the functional cytochrome has been examined in mutants lacking one or multiple structural subunits of the coenzyme QH 2 -cytochrome c reductase complex. Based on the phenotypes of the different mutants studied, the following have been concluded, (i) The assembly of catalytically active enzyme requires the synthesis of all except the 17 kDa subunit, (ii) Membrane insertion of the individual subunits is not contingent on protein-protein interactions. (iii) Assembly of the subunits occurs in the lipid bilayer following their insertion. (iv) The attachment of haem to apocytochrome b is a late event in assembly after an intermediate complex of the structural subunits has been formed. This complex minimally is composed of apocytochrome b , the non haem iron protein and all the non-catalytic subunits except for the 17 kDa core 3 subunit.
Purification and identification of two major single-stranded binding proteins of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as ribosomal protein L4 and histone H2B.

Abstract Affinity chromatography on single-stranded DNA cellulose (ssDC) is useful for purification of single-stranded RNA and single-stranded DNA binding proteins. Most of the proteins purified off of this resin have proven to be ribonucleoproteins, with various roles in RNA processing. A homogenate of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows perhaps a dozen major protein species, and many more minor protein species, upon elution from ssDC. A major protein species of 30–31 kDa that elutes from ssDC between 0.35 and 0.45 M NaCl was purified to homogeneity. V8 protease was used to fragment this protein, and the peptides so generated were purified by HPLC and sequenced. From the sequence so derived six synthetic oligonucleotides were made. These oligonucleotides were used to pull out the corresponding gene from a yeast genomic library. The entire gene was eventually found on a 4.4 kb Bam HI fragment. This entire fragment was sequenced. The sequence showed three open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 was the p30 gene, for all six V8 peptide fragment sequences were found in it. Published here is the sequence for ORF1. Sequence comparisons of this sequence to the protein sequence databases showed that it is ribosomal protein L4. Another major ssb of yeast, which migrates as a doublet of 15–16 kDa, was also purified. N-terminal peptide sequencing of this protein produced a sequence identical to that for histone H2B.
The South American genus Spintharidius (Araneae, Araneidae)

Abstract The name Madrepeira amazonica Levi 1995 is a synonym of Spintharidius rhomboidalis Simon 1893. Spintharidius is currently monospecific.
Mosaicism of red cell ABO type without recognizable cause.

Abstract A 19 year old woman has been found whose red cells are a mixture of groups A1B (60%) and A1 (40%). Tests for many other genetic markers show no other evidence of mosaicism. She is not a twin and her parents and a sib are of normal ABO type. The cause of her dual population of red cells cannot be established, but may be an effect of somatic crossing over or mutation.
Opportunity to achieve: Identifying mathematically gifted black students

Abstract This study examined ethnic differences in performance among 78 elementary age students (22 black, 56 white) who participated in a special program for mathematically talented children and 185 program alternates (40 black, 140 white, 3 other). Statistically significant differences favoring whites were noted on the STEP test and the Raven's Matrices used as entry (selection) criteria for the total group but only for the Raven's Matrices among program participants. These data provide evidence that the entry level mathematics skills of talented black and white students selected for the program do not differ statistically and calls into question the overreliance on the Raven's Progressive Matrices as culture fair. A regression discontinuity analysis indicated that both black and white students who participated in the special program scored higher than their counterparts who did not participate on the MANS test, a mathematics problem-solving measure. The small differences in effect size for black participation (.88) versus white participation (.54) were not statistically significant. However, the correlation between the identification variable and the MANS outcome measure was respectably high for blacks (.76) as well as for whites (.73). In other words, talented black children benefit from participation in enriched and accelerated mathematics programs, and the identification procedure is reasonably effective in locating black children likely to demonstrate high post-test performance.
Expression of ORAI1, a Plasma Membrane Resident Subunit of the CRAC Channel, in Rodent and Non-Rodent Species

We determined the expression of ORAI1 protein in rodent and non-rodent tissues using a monoclonal antibody directed against an extracellular loop of the protein. Previous reports using antibodies directed at the C-terminus of ORAI1 have not detected central nervous system (CNS) expression. Our results demonstrate broad tissue expression that includes the CNS using a unique monoclonal antibody specific to an extracellular loop of ORAI1. In addition, we present in situ hybridization (ISH) results using a probe within the middle of the mouse coding region showing CNS expression of Orai1 RNA. We contrast the patterns of rodent and human tissue expression and conclude that rodents have similar expression of ORAI1 in most tissue types when compared to primates, with an important exception being the male reproductive system, where human-specific expression is observed.
What Are Features of a Good Deliberation Process in Cases of Medically and Ethically Complex Pregnancies

Freedman and Stulberg's (2013) “Conflicts in Care for Obstetric Complications in Catholic Hospitals” raises several interesting, important, and complex clinical and organizational ethics issues wor...
Interaction between aggrading geomorphic surfaces and the formation of a late pleistocene paleosol in the palouse loess of eastern Washington state

Abstract Variable rates of loess deposition contributed to dramatic regional variation in a soil-stratigraphic unit, the Washtucna Soil, in the Palouse loess deposits in the Channeled Scabland of eastern Washington state. Throughout most of the Channeled Scabland, the morphology of the Washtucna Soil is that of a single buried soil, but it bifurcates into two well-developed and pedologically distinct buried soils in areas immediately downwind of the major source of loessial sediment. Regional loess stratigraphy confirms that the two well-developed soils formed during the same interval of time during which only one soil formed in areas that are distal to loess source areas. The variable and perhaps rapid rates of soil formation suggested by the stratigraphy resulted from an interaction between variable rates of loess deposition and the formation of superimposed calcic soils. Petrocalcic horizons with weak Stage IV morphology formed as the zone of carbonate accumulation moved up into former A and cambic horizons that had been profusely burrowed by cicadas. The development of cicada burrows in one phase of soil development that were subsequently engulfed by pedogenic carbonate under a rising land surface seems to have greatly accelerated the development of the petrocalcic horizons. Accelerated rates of formation of the petrocalcic horizons occurred when extrinsic (pulses of loess deposition) and intrinsic (engulfment of burrowed horizons) thresholds were exceeded. Stratigraphic evidence suggests that the soil formation that accompanied the rise in the land surface due to additional loess deposition may have occurred during the late Wisconsin glaciation when giant glacial outburst floods in the channeled Scabland triggered a new cycle of loess deposition.
Scheduling periodic task graphs with communication delays

We consider the problem of finding an optimal assignment of tasks, which constitute a parallel application, to an unlimited number of identical processors. The precedence constraints among the tasks are given in the form of a directed acyclic graph (DAG). We are given processing times for each task and the communication delays between precedence-constrained tasks, which are incurred if the corresponding tasks are executed on different processors. Furthermore, the system must be able to process real-time periodic input with a fixed period. This problem occurs, for example, in multiprocessor scheduling of video processing applications, where each frame has to be processed by a number of software filters, and some filters use data pre-processed by other filters, thus forming a DAG of data dependencies. We formulate several variants of this problem, and briefly discuss some of our results for special precedence graphs.
Changes in Alveolar Lavage Materials and Lung Microsomal Xenobiotic Metabolism Following Exposures to HCl-Washed or Unwashed Crystalline Silica

Intratracheal exposures of rats to crystalline silica washed with HCl to remove iron contaminants have previously been shown to increase lung surfactant phospholipids (PL) and proteins and to alter the pulmonary microsomal cytochrome P450 system. We compared these effects of HCl-washed silica with those produced by exposures to unwashed silica and alumina. Both silica preparations produce increases in lung weights and alveolar lavage PL and proteins, but to different degrees. The increases produced by HCl-washed vs unwashed silica are lung weights, 2.2- vs 1.3-fold; lavage PL, 25.9- vs 3.7-fold; and lavage proteins, 11.1- vs 3.2-fold, respectively. Although the two silica particles increase lung microsomal protein concentrations (expressed per gram lung) by 50-60%, their effects on cytochrome P-450-mediated xenobiotic metabolism are quite different. Exposure to HCl-washed silica leads to a 2.3-fold increase in 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, a reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P4501A1, and a 0.5- to 0.6-fold reduction in 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation, a reaction which may be catalyzed by cytochrome P-4502B1. Unwashed silica does not alter the metabolism of either xenobiotic when results are expressed per milligram microsomal protein. Administration of alumina produces only minor increases in lung weight and lavage PL and no effect on microsomal xenobiotic metabolism. These results show that the increases in alveolar lavage PL and proteins induced by administration of unwashed silica are exaggerated by 3- to 7-fold if the silica is treated with HCl. Furthermore, exposure to HCl-washed silica results in significant alterations of the lung microsomal cytochrome P450 system, but the unwashed silica has little effect. Although the reason(s) for these different effects is not known, measurements of iron levels and formation of hydroxyl radicals using ESR demonstrate that there is more iron associated with the unwashed than with the HCl-washed silica.
A New Antibody, anti‐ILebH, Specific for a Determinant Formed by the Combined Action of the I, Le, Se and H Gene Products

Abstract. A new antibody has been found that agglutinates only group O or A2, I, Le(a-b +) red cells. The reacting antigen appears to be a product of interaction between the I, Le, Se and H genes and the antibody has been named anti-ILebH. The antibody can be inhibited by saliva containing I, H, and Leb substances, but is not inhibited by serum from the same people. Transformation experiments, aimed at changing ILebH-negative red cells into ILebH-positive, were unsuccessful and it was concluded that the reacting antigen is of red cell origin and does not arise by passive adsorption of group substance from the plasma.
Insulin glulisine: aspects of basal/bolus therapy for optimized treatment of diabetes mellitus

Background/objective: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to increase throughout the world with an expected doubling of documented cases between 2006 and 2030, diabetes deaths are expected to increase by more than 50% from 2006 to 2015. Therapeutic interventions should be based on scientific evidence, including earlier insulin initiation and use of a basal-bolus approach that better mimics normal physiology. Methods: This review focuses on insulin glulisine in the basal-bolus approach. It details pharmacological data, clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability, and potential effects on current treatment regimens. Results/conclusion: Insulin glulisine offers a more rapid onset of action and shorter duration of action compared with regular human insulin. These characteristics result in an action profile that closely mimics the normal postmeal endogenous insulin response, thus fulfilling the prandial insulin requirement and making the basal-bolus treatment approach clinically achieveable.
IMPACT OF ANXIETY PRODUCED BY DELAYED AUDITORY FEEDBACK ON VERBAL INTELLIGENCE

The Wide Range Intelligence Test was administered to 24 undergraduate students under conditions of normal feedback and delayed auditory feedback. Subjects perform at a lower level under DAF. DAF is proposed as a temporary intelligence suppressor useful in exploring intelligence and retardation theories.
Grid-Group Analysis, Social Capital, and Entrepreneurship Among North American Ethnic Groups

A prevailing hypothesis among social scientists is that a high degree of social capital within immigrant groups promotes the development of self-employment, particularly in the first generation of immigrants. The authors identify social capital with high group placement in grid-group analysis for which they have produced new codes suitable for use with secondary data. Using the Electronic Human Relations Area Files sample of North American Immigrant Groups, each culture was coded on six measures each for grid and for group. Testing the social capital hypothesis using income and self-employment data from the 1990 census, the authors found a negative correlation between high group and high self-employment, particularly for the first generation. This finding suggests that high levels of general social capital on a group level may not be as supportive of entrepreneurship as previously asserted. The study's results are compatible with the “family social capital” model of entrepreneurship.