cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ammonium distribution in southern California coastal waters and its role in the growth of phytoplankton1

The average concentration of ammonium in the cuphotic zone of the Southern California Bight was about 0.35 pg-atomaliter ’ in 1974-1977. Concentrations up to 5-20 pgatoms-liter-l were found in Santa Monica Bay surface and bottom waters. Elsewhere maximum concentrations were 2-3 pg-atoms * liter- l at the bottom of the euphotic zone of inshore stations. Ammonium provided an average of 35% of the nitrogen assimilated by the phytoplankton an d a much higher proportion in Santa Monica Bay. The rate of ammonium assimilation was modified primarily by the phytoplankton standing stock, and also by ambient concentration of ammonium, tempcraturc, irradiance, and the carbon:chlorophyll a ratio of the phytoplankton. These variables accounted for 52% of the explained variance in three “winter” cruises and 83% in a summer cruise. Remineralization processes account for most of the ammonium in the bight, while human inputs account for about 10%.
An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to quantify 14‐3‐3 proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of suspected Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease patients

The detection of 14-3-3 protein by Western immunoblot is a sensitive and specific cerebrospinal fluid marker of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). We developed a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that reliably detects 14-3-3 in cerebrospinal fluid. In a prospective study of 147 cerebrospinal fluid samples, the mean 14-3-3 concentration among pathologically confirmed CJD patients (28.0+/-20.6 ng/ml, n = 41) is significantly higher than the mean in the cerebrospinal fluid of those with other neurological disorders (3.1+/-2.9 ng/ ml, n = 84). At a cutoff value of 8.3 ng/ml, the ELISA has a sensitivity of 92.7% and a specificity of 97.6%. The 14-3-3 ELISA supports a diagnosis of CJD in patients who fulfill clinical criteria for possible CJD.
Ranking the facets of the octahedron

This paper describes a procedure for ranking the facets of the n-dimensional (regular) octahedron in the order in which they are intersected by a halfline. The problem discussed here arise, in the context of integer programming via convex analysis (or intersection cuts).
Numerical tissue characterization in MS via standardization of the MR image intensity scale

Image intensity standardization is a recently developed postprocessing method that is capable of correcting the signal intensity variations in MR images. We evaluated signal intensity of healthy and diseased tissues in 10 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients based on standardized dual fast spin-echo MR images using a numerical postprocessing technique. The main idea of this technique is to deform the volume image histogram of each study to match a standard histogram and to utilize the resulting transformation to map the image intensities into standard scale. Upon standardization, the coefficients of variation of signal intensities for each segmented tissue (gray matter, white matter, lesion plaques, and diffuse abnormal white matter) in all patients were significantly smaller (2.3-9.2 times) than in the original images, and the same tissues from different patients looked alike, with similar intensity characteristics. Numerical tissue characterizability of different tissues in MS achieved by standardization offers a fixed tissue-specific meaning for the numerical values and can significantly facilitate image segmentation and analysis.
A NOTE ON THE INSURANCE RISK PROBLEM

We give a new characterization of the ruin probability of the classical insurance risk model and use it to obtain bounds on and a computational approach for evaluating this probability.
Cross-Polarization Discrimination in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channels: Geometry-Based Statistical Modeling

A new three-dimensional (3-D) geometry-based reference model for cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) is proposed for narrow-band vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) channels. The model is based on the superposition of polarization components on conservation-of-polarization planes (CoP-planes). This novel approach is used to derive the XPD at each distance. To the best of our knowledge this is the first purely theoretical geometry-based XPD reference model of V2V channels. Using our reference model, we obtain a relationship between XPD and channel modeling factors such as the distance between the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx), the azimuth/elevation angles of arrival and departure (A/E-AoA and A/E-AoD), multipath delays, and the distribution of scatterers. The proposed XPD reference model for V2V channels is based on and extended from our previous XPD reference model for fixed-to-fixed/mobile(F2F/F2M) channels. Our analytical XPD model reveals valuable XPD properties that expose the potential of utilizing polarization diversity in V2V communication systems.
From Affirmative Action to Diversity: Erasing Inequality from Organizational Responsibility

This comment introduces the Special Issue on Diversity by providing an abbreviated social history of the evolution from affirmative action to diversity and outlines the themes of the volume.
Helping Children Learn Mathematics through Multiple Intelligences and Standards for School Mathematics

(2000). Helping Children Learn Mathematics through Multiple Intelligences and Standards for School Mathematics. Childhood Education: Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 86-94.
Chemistry of thienopyridines. XXXVII. Syntheses in the cyclopenta, cyclohexa-, and cycloheptathieno[2,3-b]pyridine series. Three analogs of 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine†

4-Aminocyclopenta-, 4-aminocyclohexa-, and 4-aminocycloheptathieno[2,3-b]pyridines were synthesized in very low overall yield by four-step procedures starting from bis(2-thienylammonium) hexachlorostannate(IV) and 2-hydroxymethylenecyclopentanone, 2-methoxymethylenecyclohexanone, and 2-hydroxymethylenecycloheptanone, respectively.
Manners, deference, and private property in early modern Europe

L'A. etudie le lien entre manieres, deference et propriete privee en Europe au debut de l'epoque moderne. Il s'efforce, d'une part, de mettre en lumiere les types de circonstances dans le cadre desquelles s'expriment la plaisanterie ou l'evitement et, d'autre part, de comprendre ce qui unit fortune et propriete. Il examine la notion de hierarchie. Il montre dans quel contexte l'evitement tend a se generaliser. Il evoque la situation de la jeunesse en Europe au debut de l'ere moderne. Il envisage le role de l'education en ce domaine. Il analyse les coutumes des puritains anglais en matiere de relations sociales a cette epoque
Partitioning the contributions of minerogenic particles and bioseston to particulate phosphorus and turbidity

Protocols to partition the contributions of bioseston and minerogenic particles to turbidity (T n ) and particulate phosphorus (PP), as described by summations of the 2 components, are developed, tested, and applied. The analysis is based on coincident observations of T n , PP, chlorophyll a (Chl), and the summation of the projected areas of individual minerogenic particles per unit volume (PAV m ) for the wide variations encountered in time and between near-shore and pelagic sites over an 8-year study of Cayuga Lake, New York. PAV m was determined from an individual particle analysis technique, scanning electron microscopy interfaced with automated image, and X-ray analyses (SAX). The partitionings are based on a stoichiometric approach that adopts Chl and PAV m as the metrics of bioseston and minerogenic particles, respectively, and estimates developed here for stoichiometric ratios that relate T n and PP to these 2 components. The systematically higher T n and PP levels at the near-shore site, particularly following runoff events, are demonstrated to be a result of elevated PAV m associated with allochthonous inputs. A reasonably good match of the partitioned 2-component summations with bulk observations is reported. Application of the 2-component PP model establishes minerogenic particles made, on average, noteworthy (~10%) to substantial (≥20%) contributions to PP. The minerogenic particle component of PP was largely responsible for the greater summer average total phosphorus (TP) concentrations at the near-shore versus the pelagic site, the interannual variations in the differences between these sites, and exceedance of the TP water quality limit at the near-shore site. Minerogenic particles were the dominant component of T n , a finding that is demonstrated to be consistent with optical theory, based on the much greater efficiency of side-scattering for minerogenic versus organic particles.
Small embeddable NBTI sensors (SENS) for tracking on-chip performance decay

On-chip circuit aging sources, like negative bias temperature instability (NBTI), hot-carrier injection (HCI), electromigration, and oxide breakdown, are reducing expected chip lifetimes. Being able to track the actual aging process is one way to avoid unnecessarily large design margins. This work proposes a sensing scheme that uses sets of reliability sensors capable of accurately tracking NBTI PMOS current degradations across process, temperature, and varying activity factors. We show that a set of 1000 such small sensors can predict chip lifetime to an uncertainty of 7% to 10%. We also show that, once the total area dedicated to sensing is chosen, the lifetime prediction uncertainty is almost insensitive to the tradeoff between the number of sensors and the area of each individual sensor.
Missed opportunities: racial and neighborhood socioeconomic disparities in emergency colorectal cancer diagnosis and surgery

Disparities by race and neighborhood socioeconomic status exist for many colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes, including screening use and mortality. We used population-based data to determine if disparities also exist for emergency CRC diagnosis and surgery. We examined two emergency CRC outcomes using 1992–2005 population-based U.S. SEER-Medicare data. Among CRC patients aged ≥66 years, we examined racial (African American vs. white) and neighborhood poverty disparities in two emergency outcomes defined as: 1) newly diagnosed CRC or 2) CRC surgery associated with: obstruction, perforation, or emergency inpatient admission. Multilevel logistic regression (patients nested in census tracts) analyses adjusted for sociodemographic, tumor, and clinical covariates. Of 83,330 CRC patients, 29.1% were diagnosed emergently. Of 55,046 undergoing surgery, 26.0% had emergency surgery. For both outcomes, race and neighborhood poverty disparities were evident. A significant race by poverty interaction (p < .001) was noted: poverty rate was associated with both outcomes among African Americans, but not whites. Compared to whites in low poverty (<10%) neighborhoods, African Americans in high poverty (≥20%) neighborhoods had increased odds of emergency diagnosis (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.38-1.63) and surgery (AOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.47-1.81). Emergency CRC outcomes are associated with high poverty residence among African Americans in this population-based study, potentially contributing to observed disparities in CRC morbidity and mortality. Targeted efforts to increase CRC screening among African Americans living in high poverty neighborhoods could reduce preventable disparities.
On the statistical distribution of dust devil diameters

Dust devil diameters, like many features in nature, have skewed distributions. I summarize, and present in a unified manner, literature values of dust devil optical diameters from seven terrestrial surveys, three rover-based surveys on Mars and two orbital surveys on Mars. The problems of appropriately treating these data are analogous to those for impact craters, and similar display and binning approaches are suggested. Remarkably, the Mars dust devil population remains better-known than Earth’s. The theoretical justifications for possible log-normal, and (truncated) exponential and power-law descriptions of dust devil properties are discussed, and the challenges of discriminating between these candidate distributions with finite (and often, coarsely-binned) observation sets are noted: the best-sampled datasets so far appear well-described by power laws. Data required for advances in model discrimination are discussed: data binned in four or fewer ranges are useless for this purpose. Caution must be exercised in applying the notion of an ‘average’ dust devil and in calculating population-integral properties such as dust flux.
Determination of unmetabolized folic acid in human plasma using affinity HPLC

Background: Folic acid (FA) fortification of food created the need to determine whether fortification elevated concentrations of unmetabolized FA in plasma and whether this form of the vitamin in blood is associated with adverse health outcomes. Objective: The objective of this research was to devise a simple, rapid method for the measurement of unmetabolized plasma FA in epidemiologic studies. Design: We previously used the affinity/HPLC with electrochemical detection method to measure folate distribution in human plasma and red blood cells (RBCs). We modified this method with the inclusion of synthetic ethyltetrahydrofolate as an internal standard and with the use of 2 affinity columns connected in parallel to the analytic column through a switching valve to allow one column to be loaded while the other column was eluted into the analytic column. Results: We identified FA and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-mTHF) by retention time and characteristic response across the channels of the electrochemical detector. Limits of detection were 0.034 pmol for 5-mTHF and 0.027 pmol for FA per injection, and the recovery was 92.2% (5-mTHF) and 98.9% (FA). CVs for samples were 8.1% (within day) and 6.8% (between day) for 5-mTHF and 3.2% (within day) and 5.9% (between day) for FA. Total folate with the use of this method correlated highly (r2 = 0.98, P < 0.001) with values from the microbial assay. The run time for the method was 30 min per sample. Researchers can use this method with longer run times to measure the distribution of folate forms in RBCs. Conclusion: This updated method allows efficient analysis of folate forms in human plasma and tissues without the loss of sensitivity or precision.
Using JavaBeans components as accessors to enterprise JavaBeans components

In this paper we describe how the use of JavaBeansTM components together with Enterprise JavaBeansTM (EJB) components can help to develop flexible, mission-critical applications. We show how an application can be structured into three conceptual tiers, and how the use of JavaBeans components on the middle tier can help develop applications that can run in different client/server environments (i.e., thin or thick clients). This eases the separation of server-side and client-side application development, each focusing on different problem domains. We also show that the additional level of indirection provided by using JavaBeans components as accessors to server-side business objects helps users of IBM SanFranciscoTM components to isolate their client-side application development from upcoming changes in the underlying back-end technology (i.e., the migration from today's SanFrancisco infrastructure toward future EJB-based releases of SanFrancisco).
An efficient retiming algorithm under setup and hold constraints

In this paper, we present a new efficient algorithm for retiming sequential circuits with edge-triggered registers under both setup and hold constraints. Compared with the previous work (Papaefthymiou, 1998), which computed the minimum clock period in O(|V|/sup 3/|E|lg|V|) time, our algorithm solves the same problem in O(|V|/sup 2/|E|) time. Experimental results validate the efficiency of our algorithm.
The effectiveness of alternative keyboards at reducing musculoskeletal symptoms at work: a review

Alternatively configured keyboards have been extensively marketed as one method to reduce musculoskeletal symptoms and musculoskeletal disorders in computer operators. This paper reviews current evidence about the effectiveness of alternative keyboards at reducing risky postures and improving musculoskeletal symptoms. In general, the literature strongly supports the ability of alternative keyboards to reduce potentially risky postures, but is much more equivocal about their ability to reduce musculoskeletal symptoms in the workplace.
Relative Bark Thickness is Correlated with Tree Species Distributions along a Fire Frequency Gradient

The probability of stem survival after fire is strongly influenced by energy allocation to bark because bark thickness affects heat transfer during fire. Greater relative investment in inner bark versus outer bark should also enhance survival because of greater moisture content of inner bark. We measured stem diameter, bark thickness, and habitat preference of five species typical of long-leaf pine savannas, and six species characteristic of adjacent wetlands (pocosins), and calculated relative bark thickness, the inner bark proportion, radial growth, and bark accumulation of each species. We hypothesized that savanna species have thicker bark and greater relative investment in inner bark than pocosin species, because fires occur more frequently in savannas than pocosins. As hypothesized, savanna species have relatively thicker bark than pocosin species. Relative bark thickness and the rate of bark accumulation were correlated with the mean location of a species along the pocosin-to-savanna gradient. However, the inner bark proportion did not differ between savanna and pocosin species. Our results indicate that relative bark thickness is likely the primary bark trait affecting fire-induced topkill and influencing the distribution of species along the pocosin-to-savanna gradient.
Abstract B13: Regulation of Akt activity, cell proliferation, and viability in ovarian cancer cells by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2

Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) has been implicated in the regulation of G1/S phase cell cycle progression in prostate and breast cancer but has not been studied in ovarian cancer (OvCa). We report here the following. CaMKK2 is abundantly expressed in high grade serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma. Knockdown (KD) of CaMKK2 expression using RNAi in OVCAR-3 OvCa cells resulted in slowing of cell growth, decreased cyclin D1 protein and mRNA, decreased phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor protein Rb at Ser807/811 and decreased DNA synthesis, indicating an arrest at the G1/S interface. CaMKK2 KD decreased cell viability, increased PARP cleavage and increased Caspase-3/7 activity suggesting apoptosis induction by CaMKK2 loss. CaMKK2 KD decreased p-Akt at Thr308 to a similar extent (59.3%) as that of PDK1 KD (50.4%) in OVCAR-3 cells. Combined CaMKK2 and PDK1 KDs led to an additive (80.7%) decrease in p-Akt suggesting that CaMKK2 regulates Akt activating phosphorylation independently of the canonical-PDK1 pathway. Additive effects of combined PDK1/CaMKK2 KD on p-Akt Thr308 in SKOV-3 OvCa cells were also obtained. The ability of baculovirus expressed and purified Akt to phosphorylate a specific peptide substrate was enhanced at least 9-fold by purified CaMKK2, whereas kinase activity of Akt T308A/S473A was not increased by CaMKK2. Direct phosphorylation of baculovirus expressed Akt at Thr308 by CaMKK2 was confirmed by Western blotting using Akt phospho-specific antibodies. Altogether these data show that CaMKK2 regulates cell growth and viability in OvCa cells and directly phosphorylates Akt to promote its activity via a non-PDK1-dependent pathway. These data indicate that CaMKK2 may be a novel therapeutic target for OvCa in combination with a PI3K inhibitor. Citation Format: Angela M. Gocher, Thomas F. Franke, Gissou Azabdaftari, Loukia G. Karacosta, Arthur M. Edelman. Regulation of Akt activity, cell proliferation, and viability in ovarian cancer cells by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; Sep 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B13.
Translating Mismatch Repair Mechanism into Cancer Care

The first DNA mismatch repair gene was identified in Escherichia coli nearly fifty years ago. Since then, five decades of basic biomedical research on this important repair pathway have led to an extensive understanding of its molecular mechanism. The significance of this work was clearly highlighted in the early 1990's when mutations in the human homologs of the mismatch repair genes were identified as responsible for Lynch syndrome (also known as hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer), the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer. Basic science research on mismatch repair in lower organisms directly led researchers to the discovery of this link between defective mismatch repair and cancer and continues to guide clinical decisions today. The knowledge that disrupted mismatch repair function gives rise to the nucleotide-level form of genomic instability called microsatellite instability continues to be an important diagnostic tool for identifying Lynch syndrome patients as well as sporadic cancer patients who suffer from mismatch repairdefective cancers. Today, clinicians are using the information about mismatch repair molecular mechanism to guide decisions about cancer therapy as well to devise new therapies. In this review, we will examine what is known about the molecular function of the human mismatch repair pathway. We will highlight how this information is being used in cancer diagnosis and treatment. We will also discuss strategies being designed to target the 10-15% of colorectal, endometrial, ovarian and other cancers with defective mismatch repair.
SOME BIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN TRAUMATIZED POULTRY MUSCLE.

SummaryExperimentally inflicted poultry bruises were examined for ATPase, glycogen and lactic acid. ATPase activity decreased as a result of trauma and was dependent on age of bruise, severity of trauma and previous bruise history. Glycogen concentrations decreased within 12 hours of injury whereas lactic acid increased immediately following contusion. By 24 hours post trauma, both lactic acid and glycogen levels were considerably below normal levels and continued to be low throughout the healing process.
Hydrogen production via the heterogeneous hydrolysis of Zn vapor under a temperature gradient: Modeling and efficiency analysis

Abstract The renewable production of hydrogen is a key requirement to realize a sustainable hydrogen economy. Thermochemical cycles powered by sunlight are one possible route to producing hydrogen in a renewable manner. In this research, we investigate the two-step Zn/ZnO thermochemical cycle for the production of solar hydrogen. We focus on the hydrolysis step of the cycle wherein Zn is oxidized with water vapor to produce hydrogen. A novel approach wherein the oxidation reaction of Zn vapor is conducted under an axial temperature gradient in a tubular reactor is suggested as a promising method for efficiently splitting water using a low percentage of inert carrier gas in the mixture. We report numerical results from a reactor model to gain insight into the heterogeneous oxidation of Zn with water vapor under an axial temperature gradient, and to highlight the effect of the reactor's performance on the total cycle efficiency. The results show that using an optimal temperature difference, the maximum cycle efficiency for the temperature gradient case is up to 32.5% higher than that for isothermal conditions. The equilibrium Zn conversion and inert gas usage in the hydrolysis step have the largest effects on cycle efficiency, while the exact cooling rate has a much smaller effect on cycle efficiency. The mass transfer conditions and temperature gradient determine whether the gas mixture will reach saturation conditions, which should be avoided in order to achieve complete conversion.
Biotinylation of membrane proteins accessible via the pulmonary circulation in normal and hyperoxic rats.

It is well established that the phenotype of the pulmonary vascular surface can be affected by injurious stimuli, but the few proteins for which the expression and/or activity have been studied make up only a small fraction of the entire spectrum of luminal cell membrane proteins. To expand the capability for studying such proteins, we developed a method for biotinylating cell membrane proteins accessible via the vascular lumen in the isolated-perfused rat lung and examined the impact of hyperoxia on the spectrum of the biotinylated proteins. Labeling was carried out either by single-pass bolus injection of the cell impermeant biotinylation reagent sulfosuccinimidyl 6-biotin-amido hexanoate (NHS-LC-biotin) into the pulmonary artery cannula or by the addition of NHS-LC-biotin to a lung homogenate. Lung membrane fractions were prepared, and the proteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose by electroblotting. The biotinylated proteins were visualized using a chemiluminescent substrate for streptavidin-linked horseradish peroxidase. The spectrum of proteins biotinylated via the vasculature was distinct from that of the biotinylated lung homogenate. Lectin affinity purification of biotinylated proteins from the lung membrane fractions of normal lungs biotinylated via the vasculature revealed characteristic spectra that were reproducibly different from those from rats exposed to hyperoxia for 48-60 h. These results demonstrate that biotinylation of membrane proteins accessible to an extracellular reagent during a single transit through the pulmonary vascular bed is feasible and that the spectrum of these labeled proteins reveals the effects of hyperoxic lung injury. The affinity of biotin for streptavidin makes this procedure potentially useful as a means of separating the labeled membrane proteins from the much larger population of membrane proteins that are not accessible via the vasculature, e.g., intracellular membrane proteins and plasma membrane proteins of cell types in luminally inaccessible regions of the intact lung. The consistent changes in the spectrum of labeled proteins seen with hyperoxia suggest that in itself the spectrum may be a useful encryption of certain aspects of vascular pathophysiology.
Post-Traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction

The degree of olfactory function and damage to olfactory bulbs and tracts were quantitatively determined in 268 patients with head trauma (HT) presenting with complaints of olfactory disturbance at the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center, Philadelphia, PA.
Renormalization of Hénon Maps

Period doubling cascades are observed at transition to chaos in many models used in the sciences and in physical experiments. These period doubling cascades are very well understood in one-dimensional dynamics. In particular, the microscopic geometrical properties of the attractors do not depend on the actual system, they are universal. Moreover, the attractors of two different maps are smoothly conjugate, they are rigid. Strongly dissipative Henon maps describe parts of the dynamics of systems close to a homoclinic tangency and are often observed in various models. For these maps the transition to positive entropy also occurs along period doubling cascades. These strongly dissipative Henon maps can be considered as perturbations of one-dimensional systems. Indeed, some of the universal geometrical properties of the one-dimensional systems are present in the Henon maps. However, they appear in a much more delicate form: in a probabilistic sense the geometry of the Henon attractors is the same as their one-dimensional counter part. This phenomenon is revered to as probabilistic universality and rigidity.
Numerical Simulations and Field Experiments of Unsaturated Flow and Transport: The Roles of Hysteresis and State-Dependent Anisotropy

This chapter describes a series of detailed soil-water tracer experiments conducted in a natural landscape. It also discusses three different approaches taken to numerically model the observed flow and transport. These field experiments provide the first conclusive evidence for the existence of a variable, state-dependent anisotropy in the hydraulic conductivity of an unsaturated, layered medium in a natural field setting. This concept has been previously postulated in a number of independent theoretical and experimental investigations. While previous studies have identified layered heterogeneity as the principal cause of state-dependent anisotropy, we develop a simple scenario to show how hysteresis in the soil-moisture characteristics (θ-ψ relationship) can contribute to the anisotropic behavior of a texturally homogeneous, porous media profile under transient, unsaturated conditions. Three approaches at modeling the observed flow and transport are implemented and compared. The results of the computer simulations indicate that even relatively uniform media (such as the sands from our field site) exhibit variable anisotropy, and that local (laboratory scale) hysteresis makes only minor contributions to macroscopic anisotropic flow behavior.
Kalos – a system for natural language generation with revision

Using revision to produce extended natural language text through a series of drafts provides three significant advantages over a traditional natural language generation system. First, it reduces complexity through task decomposition. Second, it promotes text polishing techniques that benefit from the ability to examine generated text in the context of the underlying knowledge from which it was generated. Third, it provides a mechanism for the interaction of conceptual and stylistic decisions. Kalos is a natural language generation system that produces advanced draft quality text for a microprocessor users' guide from a knowledge base describing the microprocessor. It uses revision iteratively to polish its initial generation. The system performs both conceptual and stylistic revisions. Example output of the system, showing both types of revision, is presented and discussed.
Fractional Stochastic Unit Root Processes

One way in which the field of time series analysis develops is by considering processes of increasing complexity, hopefully producing models which can still be analyzed whilst remaining interpretable and useful in applied work. This development is often of a stepping-stone form, with one model naturally evolving into the next or two familiar models merging into something less familiar. The simple autoregressive model of order one $${{x}_{t}} = a{{x}_{{t - 1}}} + {{ \in }_{t}} ,\left| a \right| < 1 $$ (1.1) where, throughout, e t will be taken to be i.i.d. and zero mean, leads immediately to the random walk, by taking a =1 but this change produces a series with dramatically different properties $$(1 - B){x_t} = {\varepsilon _t}$$ (1.2)
Gas-Phase Atomic Metal Cations. Ligand Binding Energies, Oxidation Chemistry and Catalysis

Ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) spectroscopy with a pulsed laser volatilization/ ionization source of atomic metal cations has recently been applied to studies of the reactions of gas-phase metal ions with neutral molecules 11,2]. Initial results from this laboratory have included a variety of mechanistic studies [1–4] as well as measurements of gas-phase ligand binding energies for a number of different metal cations [5–9]. These mechanistic and thermodynamic studies yield data which is useful in developing models for understanding molecular interactions.
Effects of pulsed light and sanitizer wash combination on inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, microbial loads and apparent quality of spinach leaves.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pulsed light (PL), a new formula of sanitizer (HEN) consisting of hydrogen peroxide, EDTA and Nisin, as well as synergy of PL and HEN sanitizer (PL-HEN) wash in inactivating E. coli O157:H7 on spinach. The treatment effect on microbial loads and apparent quality during 13 days storage at 4 °C was also determined. A bacterial cocktail containing three strains of E. coli O157:H7 was used as inoculum based on their association with produce-related outbreaks. Spinach leaves were spot inoculated on surface before treating with PL (1–63J/cm2), HEN sanitizer wash (2 min) or their combinations. PL inactivation was influenced significantly at low doses. Treatment dose of 15.75 J/cm2, equivalent to 15 s intense PL treatment, was found optimal above which adverse quality effect was evident. The optimal PL dose resulted 2.7 log CFU/g reduction of E. coli O157:H7 while a rapid 2 min wash in sanitizer formulation HEN, provided comparatively low, 1.8 log CFU/g, reduction of the pathogen. Two different sequences of PL and HEN treatment combinations were tested. In PL-HEN treatment, inoculated leaves were first treated at optimal PL dose (15.75 J/cm2) followed by 2 min immersion in HEN whereas in HEN-PL treatment, leaves were first washed in HEN before PL exposure. HEN-PL treatment indicated a compound inactivation activity (4.6 logs reduction) while PL-HEN treatment indicated a strong synergistic inactivation as E. coli cells were not detectable after treatment indicating >5 log reduction. The PL-HEN treatment not only significantly reduced spoilage microbial populations on spinach but also slowed their growth during storage. Furthermore, the visual and firmness quality of spinach were not significantly affected by the PL-HEN treatment. Overall, our results demonstrate that integrated PL-HEN technology can be used to enhance microbial safety of spinach.
Management of primary graft failure after heart transplantation: Preoperative risks, perioperative events, and postoperative decisions

Primary graft failure (PGF) after heart transplantation (HT) is a devastating and unexpected event characterized by failure of the graft to adequately support recipient circulation necessitating high doses of vasopressors and inotropes and/or temporary mechanical circulatory support. Although it represents an increasingly common event in the current era, there remains a high degree of variability in prevalence, reported risk factors, and approach to this clinical entity. The purpose of the current review is to highlight preoperative considerations including known incidence and risk factors, perioperative issues involving the identification and management of PGF, and postoperative decisions related to weaning of mechanical circulatory support and titration of immunosuppressive therapy. Lastly, we highlight future directions in PGF research, involving basic and translational research, that have the potential to uncover novel strategies of risk stratification and treatment. CASE: Our patient is a 53-year-old man with end-stage non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by ventricular tachycardia (VT), post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, and renal insufficiency. After progressing to NYHA Class IV symptoms, he underwent implantation of a durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as bridge to transplant (BTT). On device support, he developed recurrent VT resulting in multiple defibrillator discharges and hospital admission for intravenous anti-arrhythmic therapy. He is subsequently upgraded to a higher status on the waiting list. A suitable donor is identified, with an appropriate predicted heart mass and an anticipated ischemic time of <4 hours. He is taken to the operating room, where at the time of anesthesia induction he develops vasodilatory shock, requiring high-dose vasopressors, and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) support for dissection. After surgical anastomosis, cross clamp removal and reperfusion, graft function is extremely poor, there is significant bradycardia requiring pacing, and the patient is unable to be weaned successfully from CPB. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is initiated, and the patient is transferred to the intensive care unit. Retrospective flow crossmatch is negative. This patient is suffering from severe primary graft failure.
Enforcing Spatiotemporal Constraints in Control of Multiagent Systems with Uncertainties

We study the problem of enforcing spatial and temporal (spatiotemporal) constraints in control of multiagent systems with uncertainties. We present a new distributed control algorithm for achieving both i) a user-defined system performance by limiting the worst-case difference between the agent state trajectories and their corresponding reference state trajectories (spatial constraint) and ii) a user-defined finite-time convergence (temporal constraint). Specifically, the presented algorithm effectively addresses these spatiotemporal constraints without the need for a strict knowledge of agent uncertainties upper bounds and without relying on agent initial conditions. The efficacy of the proposed distributed control algorithm is further illustrated in a numerical example.
A Quality Improvement Study: Comparison of Volume-Based and Rate-Based Tube Feeding Efficacy and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients.

Background Adequate nutrition (receiving ≥80% of estimated energy requirements [EER]) is important in preventing and treating malnutrition and improving clinical outcomes. In conventional rate-based tube feeding (RBTF), patients are prescribed a constant infusion rate. Per volume-based tube feeding (VBTF), the hourly infusion rate can be increased (max 150 mL/h) to make up for feeding deficits, ensuring patients receive the targeted 24-hour volume. This study compared clinical outcomes between patients on VBTF vs RBTF. Methods Data were collected from medical charts of patients within a 5-month period. Inclusion criteria included patients ≥18 years of age who were admitted to an intensive care unit and receiving enteral nutrition for at least 24 hours. Results More patients on VBTF (n = 77; 55.8% females, age 59.9 ± 18.1 years, body mass index [BMI] 29.7 ± 17.7 kg/m2 ) received adequate nutrition (VBTF: 88.3%, 93.1 ± 11.3% EER; RBTF: 36.4%, 71.3 ± 35.8% EER) than those on RBTF (n = 206; 35.9% females, age 61 ± 15 years, BMI 28.3 ± 6.5 kg/m2 ) during the first crucial 7 days of nutrition support. No significant differences in adverse outcomes (hyperglycemia P = 0.052, hypoglycemia P = 0.168, emesis P = 0.084, diarrhea P = 0.470, and high gastric output P = 0.096) were found between the groups. Conclusion VBTF can help promote nutrition adequacy. This study provides evidence for clinicians to be more proactive and aggressive in providing tube feeding in the critical care setting when patients are deemed appropriate for VBTF.
Foreword: The Malay Archipelago Revisited

This is a foreword to the path-breaking new analysis of the historical forces that shaped the human societies of the Malay archipelago and the wider Pacific by J. Stephen Lansing and Murray P. Cox.
Bountiful Beauty: Increasing Appreciation of Beauty

A trait is defined as a stable pattern of behavior, cognition, emotion, and conation (choice making, the will); traits have a strong genetic component and are presumed to have adaptive value; but, nonetheless, can be substantially influenced by the environment, and thus develop and increase or deteriorate and lessen. In Positive Psychology, the traits of interest are called character strengths and virtues; appreciation of beauty (AoB) is one such trait. Traits can change levels fairly rapidly in childhood but become quite stable by age 30. The trait of Openness is highly associated with AoB. The trait of Openness increases from age 10 to 22; stays the same from age 22 to 50; has a small gain during age 50–60; and drops a fair amount from age 60 on. Based on a large meta-analytic study, it appears that Openness may be more difficult to intentionally change than any of the other four big traits. One study has found that giving elders inductive reasoning tasks to complete leads to an increase in trait Openness. There have been a handful of published studies which focused on interventions to increase AoB. One effective intervention, used across studies, is daily or weekly journaling about personal experiences of beauty (beauty logs).
“It’s all outward appearance-based attractions”: A qualitative study of body image among a sample of young gay and bisexual men

This study explores the body image ideals among a racially/ethnically diverse sample of gay and bisexual men in the United States. Furthermore, it examines the role body image ideals play on mobile...
Coupled Electro-Thermal Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are extensively used in electric vehicles. However, high internal heat generation and inefficient heat dissipation often limit the operational reliability, and longevity of the PMSM. Therefore, proper quantification of heat generation in electric motor and advanced embedded motor cooling techniques remain topics of immense interest. In order to accurately predict electro-magnetic performance, i.e., efficiency, component-wise heat losses and the corresponding temperature distribution of a jacket cooled machine, this paper presents a two-way iteratively coupled electro-thermal modeling framework. Finite element based software Motor-CAD has been utilized for electrom-agnetic performance calculation of BMW i3 PMSM. Finite volume based computational fluid dynamics/heat transfer (CFD/HT) software ANSYS® FLUENT® has been employed to simulate the temperature distribution of the PMSM, using the electro-magnetic losses as heat input. Computed heat losses, stator, winding, rotor, and magnet temperatures are utilized as coupling parameters between the electro-magnetic and thermal models. A conventional one-way coupling algorithm has also been developed and compared to the newly proposed two-way coupling algorithm. Numerical results confirm that at high current density, one-way coupling algorithm significantly over-predicts the motor temperature compared to the two-way algorithm. A comprehensive analysis has been carried out to characterize the influences of current density, speed, and forced convection heat transfer coefficient on the heat losses, overall efficiency, and maximum temperature of the PMSM. Finally, an efficiency map has been interpreted from the coupled electro-magnetic simulation.
Quality of Life and Functional Mobility After Progressive Resistance Exercise in an Adolescent With a Liver Transplant.

Purpose This case report describes physical therapy intervention using progressive resistance exercise (PRE) with the recipient of a liver transplant to improve physical fitness, quality of life, and functional mobility. Summary of key points Outpatient physical therapy intervention included 2 phases, 10 weeks each, focused on functional training and PRE-based power training and functional tasks. Secondary conditions included excessive weight gain, adjustment disorder, and intensive scarring. Statement of conclusions PRE-based power training appears to be effective in an adolescent with decreased strength and endurance following liver transplant. Improvements in 1 repetition maximum, functional mobility, aerobic/anaerobic fitness, patient-directed goals, and quality of life were measurable. Recommendations for clinical practice A PRE-based program may be useful in physical therapy with adolescents after liver transplant. Choice of musculature for training should be relevant to functional limitations and dosing of exercises must be sufficient for muscular hypertrophy.
College Students' Perceptions of Peer Alcohol Use: A Social Network Analytic Approach.

Traditional measures attempting to capture students’ perceptions of peer drinking fail to capture the unique social influence of their most proximal peers. Purpose: This study presents egocentric s...
A Molecular Approach for Detecting Stage-Specific Predation on Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae).

A molecular gut analysis technique is described to identify predators of Lygus hesperus (Knight), a significant pest of many crops. The technique is unique because it can pinpoint which life stage of the pest was consumed. Sentinel egg masses designed to mimic the endophytic egg-laying behavior of L. hesperus were marked with rabbit serum, while third instar and adult L. hesperus were marked with chicken and rat sera, respectively. Then, the variously labeled L. hesperus life stages were introduced into field cages that enclosed the native arthropod population inhabiting an individual cotton plant. After a 6-h exposure period, the predator assemblage, including the introduced and native L. hesperus population, in each cage were counted and had their gut contents examined for the presence of the variously marked L. hesperus life stages by a suite of serum-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The whole-plant sampling scheme revealed that Geocoris punticpes (Say) and Geocoris pallens Stal (Hemiptera: Geocoridae) and members of the spider complex were the numerically dominant predator taxa in the cotton field. The gut content analyses also showed that these two taxa appeared to be the most prolific predators of the L. hesperus nymph stage. Other key findings include that Collops vittatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Melyridae) and Solenopsis xyloni McCook (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) appear to be adept at finding and feeding on the cryptic L. hesperus egg stage, and that L. hesperus, albeit at low frequencies, engaged in cannibalism. The methods described here could be adapted for studying life stage-specific feeding preferences for a wide variety of arthropod taxa.
A29 – APPLICATION OF A SUM RULE TO THE STUDY OF INTERATOMIC FORCES

The trace of the dynamical matrix D(q) contains no explicitly q-dependent contributions which arise either (1) from interactions between unlike atoms (because such terms appear only in off-diagonal elements of D) or (2) from coulomb, dipole, … or any order multipole interaction between any atoms (because, although such terms may appear in individual diagonal elements, their sum vanishes in the trace since electrostatic potentials obey Laplace's equation). But an elementary matrix theorem implies that the sum S(q) = (q) taken at any point q over the i = 1, 2, …, 3n squared normal frequencies ωi(q) in a crystal with n-atoms per unit cell is equal to Trace (D) at that point q; it follows that S(q) = constant (independent of q) unless there are forces present in the crystal which satisfy neither of these two criteria (i.e. forces that are not electrostatic in nature and act between unlike atoms). This sum rule is a useful tool for the study of such forces once all the wi's have been found experimentally for more than one point in q-space. Analysis along these lines of dispersion data for a number of crystals is presented.
Resources Needed for Education and Meal Programs by Urban Schoolteachers and Staff During the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Adjustments in teaching resources and school meal programs are urgently needed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined teaching resources that would have been helpful when schools closed, and how school meal programs should be changed in the 2020-2021 school year. METHODS: In October 2020, a 27-item, cross-sectional, online survey was administered to 99 teachers and staff members in an urban, Midwestern school district. Data were analyzed using frequencies and proportions, and open-ended responses were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: Online teaching was difficult for teachers and students, and training for online teaching, improved Internet access, and more time for grading or office hours would have been helpful when schools closed. Meal programs were offered by 86% of schools after closing, and many participants supported continuing meal programs for 2020-2021. Resources needed to continue meal programs included funding for meal reimbursement, transportation to the meal sites, and more staff. Suggested changes to meal programs included offering more variety or more food, and solving transportation issues. CONCLUSION: Addressing these concerns can improve school and community health. Findings will inform efforts to enhance online teaching and improve and continue school meal programs as the world continues to be affected by COVID-19.