cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeting tissue factor as a novel therapeutic oncotarget for eradication of cancer stem cells isolated from tumor cell lines, tumor xenografts and patients of breast, lung and ovarian cancer.

// Zhiwei Hu 1, 2 , Jie Xu 2, * , Jijun Cheng 2, ** , Elizabeth McMichael 3 , Lianbo Yu 4 , William E. Carson III 1 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center and The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA 2 Yale University School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA 3 Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Medical Center and The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA 4 Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University Medical Center and The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA * Present addresses: Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China ** Present address: Yale University Department of Genetics, New Haven, CT, USA Correspondence to: Zhiwei Hu, email: Zhiwei.Hu@osumc.edu Keywords: cancer stem cells, solid cancer, tissue factor, targeted immunotherapy, targeted photodynamic therapy Received: October 04, 2016 Accepted: November 09, 2016 Published: November 26, 2016 ABSTRACT Targeting cancer stem cell (CSC) represents a promising therapeutic approach as it can potentially fight cancer at its root. The challenge is to identify a surface therapeutic oncotarget on CSC. Tissue factor (TF) is known as a common yet specific surface target for cancer cells and tumor neovasculature in several solid cancers. However, it is unknown if TF is expressed by CSCs. Here we demonstrate that TF is constitutively expressed on CD133 positive (CD133+) or CD24-CD44+ CSCs isolated from human cancer cell lines, tumor xenografts from mice and breast tumor tissues from patients. TF-targeted agents, i.e., a factor VII (fVII)-conjugated photosensitizer (fVII-PS for targeted photodynamic therapy) and fVII-IgG1Fc (Immunoconjugate or ICON for immunotherapy), can eradicate CSC via the induction of apoptosis and necrosis and via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity, respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that TF is a novel surface therapeutic oncotarget for CSC, in addition to cancer cell TF and tumor angiogenic vascular endothelial TF. Moreover, this research highlights that TF-targeting therapeutics can effectively eradicate CSCs, without drug resistance, isolated from breast, lung and ovarian cancer with potential to translate into other most commonly diagnosed solid cancer, in which TF is also highly expressed.
Variation of hardness, microstructure, and Laves phase distribution in direct laser deposited alloy 718 cuboids

Abstract Property anisotropy and its unpredictability in direct laser-deposited material is a drawback to this additive manufacturing method. In this study, direct laser deposition was used to build three-dimensional cuboids of Ni-based superalloy 718, which were examined with microscopy, and analyzed for hardness trends with contour mapping. Secondary electron and backscatter electron contrast imaging were used in conjunction with electron backscatter diffraction to understand microstructure. It is found that hardness decreased with increasing height and linear energy used during deposition. Also, the hardness of the inner hatching was higher than the outer contour, in both planar and cross-sectional surfaces. After an examination of grain structure and phase distribution, it is proposed that the hardness trends are caused by a combination of detrimental Laves phase and strengthening γ″ phase distribution.
A system for endobronchial video analysis

Image-guided bronchoscopy is a critical component in the treatment of lung cancer and other pulmonary disorders. During bronchoscopy, a high-resolution endobronchial video stream facilitates guidance through the lungs and allows for visual inspection of a patient’s airway mucosal surfaces. Despite the detailed information it contains, little effort has been made to incorporate recorded video into the clinical workflow. Follow-up procedures often required in cancer assessment or asthma treatment could significantly benefit from effectively parsed and summarized video. Tracking diagnostic regions of interest (ROIs) could potentially better equip physicians to detect early airway-wall cancer or improve asthma treatments, such as bronchial thermoplasty. To address this need, we have developed a system for the postoperative analysis of recorded endobronchial video. The system first parses an input video stream into endoscopic shots, derives motion information, and selects salient representative key frames. Next, a semi-automatic method for CT-video registration creates data linkages between a CT-derived airway-tree model and the input video. These data linkages then enable the construction of a CT-video chest model comprised of a bronchoscopy path history (BPH) - defining all airway locations visited during a procedure - and texture-mapping information for rendering registered video frames onto the airwaytree model. A suite of analysis tools is included to visualize and manipulate the extracted data. Video browsing and retrieval is facilitated through a video table of contents (TOC) and a search query interface. The system provides a variety of operational modes and additional functionality, including the ability to define regions of interest. We demonstrate the potential of our system using two human case study examples.
Component-oriented access control—Application servers meet tuple spaces for the masses

Abstract With the advancements in contemporary multi-core CPU architectures and increase in main memory capacity, it is now possible for a server operating system (OS), such as Linux, to handle a large number of concurrent application services on a single server instance. Individual application components of such services may run in different isolated runtime environments, such as chrooted jails or application containers, and may need access to system resources and the ability to collaborate and coordinate with each other in a regulated and secure manner. We implemented an access control framework for policy formulation, management, and enforcement that allows access to OS resources and also permits controlled collaboration and coordination for service components running in disjoint containerized environments under a single Linux OS server instance. The framework consists of two models and the policy formulation is based on the concept of policy classes for ease of administration and enforcement. The policy classes are managed and enforced through a Linux Policy Machine (LPM) that acts as the centralized reference monitor and provides a uniform interface for accessing system resources and requesting application data and control objects. We present the details of our framework and also discuss the preliminary implementation to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.
Sources of relative clause processing difficulty: Evidence from Russian

Abstract This study investigates the sources of processing difficulty in complex sentences involving relative clauses (RCs). Self-paced reading and eye tracking were used to test the comprehension of Russian subject- and object-extracted RCs (SRCs and ORCs) that had the same word-order configuration, but different noun phrase (NP) types (full NPs vs. pronouns) in the embedded clause. In both SRCs and ORCs, this NP intervened between the modified noun and the RC verb. A corpus analysis and acceptability rating experiment indicated different frequency/preference profiles for this word order depending on RC type and embedded NP type. In line with these profiles, processing difficulty was revealed early in the embedded clause for less frequent/dispreferred constructions. Later in the embedded clause, the processing of the RC verb was comparable for both SRCs and ORCs when the same number of NP arguments was available for integration. While there were no indications of an ORC penalty at or after this verb, late-stage comprehension difficulty was found for full-NP ORCs, but not for their pronominal counterparts, suggesting that similarity-based interference in combination with ORC structure influences the overall comprehension of these sentences. Taken together, these findings support a hybrid model under which independent sources of processing difficulty affect different stages of RC comprehension.
Metallic High Pressure Equation-of-State Derived from Experimental Data

This paper describes a program of making ‘global’ fits to the large amount of experimental equation of state (EOS) data on monatomic metals that has become available in recent years. The fits are made within the framework of a phenomenological scaling theory for metallic liquids which incorporates recently discovered general theoretical properties of the EOS of liquids. The theory is expected to be applicable to monatomic metals up to high temperatures (~ 10 to 100 x the melting temperature Tm) and at all densities, so long as the metallic bonding does not change character — as, for instance, might be caused by electronic phase transitions or sufficiently large thermal electron excitations. The goal of the present fitting studies is to obtain consistent tabular representations of the EOS of metals over a wide range of densities (0.5 ≤ ρ/ρo ≤ 2) and temperatures (up to several eV) which are reliable enough both to be used in applied work (errors < ~5%) and to serve as a guide to future theoretical and experimental studies of metals. Fits to experimental data for examples of three different types of metals — Na, Pb, and Ta — will be discussed.
Show me the money: characterizing spam-advertised revenue

Modern spam is ultimately driven by product sales: goods purchased by customers online. However, while this model is easy to state in the abstract, our understanding of the concrete business environment--how many orders, of what kind, from which customers, for how much--is poor at best. This situation is unsurprising since such sellers typically operate under questionable legal footing, with "ground truth" data rarely available to the public. However, absent quantifiable empirical data, "guesstimates" operate unchecked and can distort both policy making and our choice of appropriate interventions. In this paper, we describe two inference techniques for peering inside the business operations of spam-advertised enterprises: purchase pair and basket inference. Using these, we provide informed estimates on order volumes, product sales distribution, customer makeup and total revenues for a range of spam-advertised programs.
Why does pulmonary venous pressure rise after onset of LV dysfunction: a theoretical analysis

One of the most important consequences of acute left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) is pulmonary edema resulting from a rise in pulmonary venous pressure (PVP). It is generally believed that the PVP rise is a direct hemodynamic consequence of LVD. While this paradigm seems plausible, especially if the LV is viewed as a sump pump, there is no specific evidence to support this simple explanation. A theoretical analysis was performed to assess the hemodynamic mechanisms responsible for the dramatic rise in PVP after acute LVD. The ventricles were modeled as time-varying elastances; pulmonary and systemic vascular systems were modeled as series of resistive and capacitive elements. In response to a 50% decrease in LV contractile strength [end-systolic elastance (Ees)], cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) dropped substantially, while PVP increased minimally from its baseline of 12 to approximately 15 mmHg. With LV Ees set at 50% of normal, the effects of sympathetic activation were tested. When heart rate and total peripheral resistance were increased, CO and MAP improved, yet PVP still did not rise. The only intervention that caused a substantial increase in PVP was to simulate the decrease in unstressed volume (VU) of the venous system known to occur with sympathetic activation. When VU was decreased by about 15-20% (comparable to experimentally observed shifts with acute heart failure), PVP increased above 25 mmHg. The effects of pericardial constraints were investigated, and the results suggest a major role of this organ in determining the overall hemodynamic response to acute LVD, sympathetic activation, and explaining the responses to therapy. Thus this analysis suggests that elevations of PVP do not occur simply as a direct hemodynamic consequence of acute LVD. Rather, changes in PVP may be dictated more by sympathetic control on venous capacity. If confirmed, recognition of this as a primary mechanism may prove important in directing development of new therapies and in understanding the mechanisms of disease progression in heart failure.
NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD

Disturbances in biogenic amine metabolism in genetic and biochemical disorders affecting the nervous system of children were studied by quantitation of metabolites of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine in cerebrospinal fluid before and after oral probenecid, using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric methods.
Cytoskeletal proteins expressed by microsporidian parasites.

Microsporidians are intracellular parasites characterized by a small missile cell spore that when activated, fires a discharge tube through which infective sporo-plasm is injected into a target cell (Weidner, 1972). Microsporidians develop directly in the cytoplasm of host cells and therefore are not confined to a parasitophorous vacuole.
The “Psycho-Logic” of Fear-Reduction and Crime-Prevention Programs

Since the early 1960s, the United States has been a country besieged by crime at levels never before observed in the Western world. Between 1960 and 1976 the rate of property crime in urban areas more than doubled and the rate of violent crime more than tripled (Jacob & Lineberry, 1982). Although crime rates have stabilized and even dropped slightly over the past few years, Americans suffered an estimated 34.9 million victimizations in 1985, touching 25% of all households (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1987).
Social Cognitive Determinants of Argument Design Features in Regulative Discourse

This study examines the relationship of construct differentiation and conceptual level to four features of argument design: number of arguments produced, coordinated conception of the problem, coor...
Even Old Dogs Can Teach New Tricks: Digital Advertising Assignments That Keep Pace With Industry Change:

Digital advertising now surpasses all other forms of advertising in media spend. The fast-paced evolution of new forms of advertising can be challenging for academics to adapt for classroom use, as...
A Design Investigation of A 1 MVA SiC MOSFET Medium Voltage Variable Frequency Drive With Various Filtering Options

Silicon carbide (SiC) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) power module is the next generation switching device for the medium voltage (MV) variable frequency drive (VFD). This paper investigates two problems which compromise system reliability and robustness of SiC MV VFD products. The first object is to mitigate the overvoltage transients on AC induction motors when connected through a cable of arbitrary length to a MV VFD consisting of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverter with SiC MOSFETs. The second topic is to develop the inverter thermal model to prevent the device failure from overheat issue. One solution is to design the smart SiC MOSFET gate driver with adjustable turn-on resistors. Second option is to use the dv / dt or sine-wave filters to smooth the inverter output waveforms. Analysis and simulations have been carried out to verify the proposal.
The Unbearable Lightness of Image Travel: The Work of Curation in the Digital Age

Considers the work of the image in our digital age, and the challenges to traditional notions of bricks-and-mortar curatorship posed by digital humanities but also by the digital proliferation of the image.
Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening in Immunosuppressed Women Without HIV Infection.

Executive SummaryThe risk of cervical cancer (CC) among women immunosuppressed for a variety of reasons is well documented in the literature. Although there is improved organ function, quality of life and life expectancy gained through use of immunosuppressant therapy, there may be increased long-te
Proteins required for ultraviolet light and chemical mutagenesis. Identification of the products of the umuC locus of Escherichia coli.

umuC is the genetic locus showing the greatest specificity for the “error-prone repair” process that is responsible for u.v. and chemical mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. By generating a probe specific to umuC DNA, we have been able to clone the umuC locus. Through a combination of subcloning and Tn1000 mutagenesis, we have identified a region of 2·2 × 103 bases which contains the information necessary to complement umuC mutations. This region of DNA codes for two polypeptides with molecular weights of 16,000 and 45,000. The genes for these proteins are organized in an operon that is repressed by the lexA protein. Complementation of previously isolated umuC mutations revealed that these proteins correspond to two complementation groups, umuC, which codes for the 45,000 Mr protein, and umuD, which codes for the 16,000 Mr protein, and that therefore both proteins are essential for “error-prone repair” in E. coli.
Where’s the Beef? Confucius Institutes and Chinese studies in American Universities

For some time, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has been seeking to exert its influence over American academia. One of the most important and long-standing of these efforts is Chinese support f...
RADIATIVE TRANSFER ON A CUBIC LATTICE

This chapter discusses radiative transfer on a cubic lattice. In the case of the atmosphere, knowledge of radiance distributions aids the prediction of radiant-heat transfer and visible-light transfer to and from the earth's surface. In the case of the sea, knowledge of radiance distributions aids in visibility studies and in understanding and predicting those biological processes that are coupled to the submarine light field. An extended cubic lattice is the discrete-space counterpart of an arbitrarily stratified plane-parallel optical medium that simulates the atmosphere or the hydrosphere. The linear lattice represents the simplest extreme in the family of cubic lattices encountered in radiative transfer theory, which is the natural one-dimensional setting associated with the two-flow analysis of the light field. The quartet matrices that automatically evolve from the invariant imbedding relation, whenever the principles of invariance are deduced from it, are the standard reflectance and transmittance operators.
Seascape genetics of the stalked kelp Pterygophora californica and comparative population genetics in the Santa Barbara Channel.

We conducted a population genetic analysis of the stalked kelp, Pterygophora californica, in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA. The results were compared with previous work on the genetic differentiation of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, in the same region. These two sympatric kelps not only share many life history and dispersal characteristics but also differ in that dislodged P. californica does not produce floating rafts with buoyant fertile sporophytes, commonly observed for M. pyrifera. We used a comparative population genetic approach with these two species to test the hypothesis that the ability to produce floating rafts increases the genetic connectivity among kelp patches in the Santa Barbara Channel. We quantified the association of habitat continuity and oceanographic distance with the genetic differentiation observed in stalked kelp, like previously conducted for giant kelp. We compared both overall (across all patches) and pairwise (between patches) genetic differentiation. We found that oceanographic transit time, habitat continuity, and geographic distance were all associated with genetic connectivity in P. californica, supporting similar previous findings for M. pyrifera. Controlling for differences in heterozygosity between kelp species using Jost's DEST , we showed that global differentiation and pairwise differentiation were similar among patches between the two kelp species, indicating that they have similar dispersal capabilities despite their differences in rafting ability. These results suggest that rafting sporophytes do not play a significant role in effective dispersal of M. pyrifera at ecologically relevant spatial and temporal scales.
Design of a compact proton beam energy modulator for imaging

Abstract Proton beam therapy is the current state of the art for irradiation of cancerous tumors near vital organs. Proton imaging is a new technology that images tumors with the same particle interaction as proton therapy, promising more accurate treatment preparation compared to traditional computerized tomography scans. A specific proton imaging technique in development at Massachusetts General Hospital requires an energy modulator that can fit inside the gantry nozzle. This work presents the design of a compact proton beam energy modulator required for such imaging applications. A combination of steel and lead wedges was used to create a balanced modulation wheel, with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the incident beam. The mechanical design also allows interchangeable disks and precise position control. The modulator design was verified by testing on a proton beam line. The final device achieved a wide range of energy modulation (21 cm water-equivalent thickness) while maintaining a constant exiting beam angular spread meeting device requirements. This compact design facilitates proton imaging to be practically incorporated into future gantry systems, which will advance proton treatment for tumors near vital organs.
4.5 A 64Gb/s 1.4pJ/b/element 60GHz 2×2-Element Phased-Array Receiver with 8b/symbol Polarization MIMO and Spatial Interference Tolerance

The 60GHz band offers 14GHz unlicensed bandwidth for high-speed, multi-user connectivity [1]. Despite this opportunity, throughput of 60GHz phased arrays has been limited to 10.4Gb/s [2-5], and therefore may not offer a substantial performance benefit over the rapidly improving sub-7GHz WiFi. While single-element solutions have used higher symbol-rates, higher-order constellations and/or MIMO to achieve rates up to 50.1Gb/s [6-7], the absence of beamforming/steering makes it impractical to support simultaneous multi-user links. In addition, none of the prior RX [2-7] have demonstrated spatial interference tolerance, which is key for dense spectral reuse and achieving high aggregate channel capacity. To enable a combination of high-speed per-link, beam steering and interference tolerance, this work presents a 64Gb/s 4-element dual-polarization (DP) phased-array receiver (RX) (Fig. 4.5.1) in a 0.9V 28nm CMOS process. The direct downconversion RX is integrated with DP antennas for DP-MIMO up to 10b/symbol, has a wide baseband and front-end spanning 57 to 71GHz, and supports symbol rates up to 8Gsym/s.
Low Error Efficient Computational Extractors in the CRS Model

In recent years, there has been exciting progress on building two-source extractors for sources with low min-entropy. Unfortunately, all known explicit constructions of two-source extractors in the low entropy regime suffer from non-negligible error, and building such extractors with negligible error remains an open problem. We investigate this problem in the computational setting, and obtain the following results.
National trends and inpatient outcomes of pulmonary arterial hypertension related hospitalizations - Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample Database

Abstract Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. We examined national trends in PAH-related hospitalizations, associated inpatient mortality (IM), length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization charges from 2007 to 2016, as well as predictors of IM and LOS in this population. Methods We used the National Inpatient Sample to identify PAH admissions using International classification of diseases (ICD) codes 416.0 (ICD-9) and I27.0 (ICD-10). Records suggestive of secondary causes of pulmonary hypertension were excluded. 6162 (weighted) records with PAH as the primary diagnosis were analyzed. Results Mean age was 38.7 years, with the majority being females (78.8%). Overall IM was 6.03%, mean LOS 7.6 ± 0.5 days and mean charges $84,100 ± 6200. PAH-related hospitalizations (per million) (27 in 2007 vs. 28 in 2016, p = 0.19) and associated IM (4.5% in 2007 vs. 6.8% in 2016, p = 0.748) as well as LOS (5.9 days in 2007 vs 6.7 days in 2016, p = 0.304) remained unchanged over the decade. Charges increased by 2.4-fold ($43,800 in 2007 to $103,300 in 2016, p = 0.002). While right heart failure, fluid/electrolyte disorders, cardiac arrhythmia and neurological disorders were associated with increased IM, Hispanic race was found to have a survival benefit. Fluid/electrolyte disorders and coagulopathy were associated with increased LOS. Conclusion Despite significant advancements in PAH therapies over the duration of this study, the rate of PAH hospitalizations, and associated IM and LOS remain unchanged. The study identified the predictors of IM and prolonged LOS in PAH population which could be used for additional risk stratification of these patients.
Age Moderates Perceived COVID-19 Disruption on Well-being.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is not fully understood how large-scale events affect well-being. Older adults showed the highest levels of resilience following the September 11th (9/11) terrorist attacks, but during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak there were no age-related differences in well-being. The current study examined the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disruption on well-being throughout adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Perceived stress and affect were examined in 166 community-dwelling adults (Mage=35.65; SD=15.53; range=18-79) in relation to the perceived disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic to their lives. RESULTS: A significant moderation was found for age and COVID-19 disruption on perceived stress [F(5, 153) = 8.88, p & .05, R2= .22] and negative affect [F(5, 154) = 4.91, p & .05, R2= .14], but not for positive affect. For participants over 50, those who rated COVID-19 as a low or high disruption had similar scores on stress and negative affect, but with younger aged participants, perceiving high disruption corresponded with higher levels of stress and negative affect. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Findings are consistent with the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, wherein older adults try to maintain positive emotional well-being; with middle-aged and older adults in the current study having experienced less negative impact on well-being. Middle-aged and older adults may be better able to regulate negative emotions, from COVID-19, than younger adults. SAVI proposes a greater negative impact on older adults when they experience sustained stressors; as the challenges with COVID-19 continue, further data will need to be examined.
Can Policy Tame the Credit Cycle

In this paper, I begin by providing a brief survey of recent research that highlights some of the key empirical facts about credit cycles. Next, I interpret these facts through a conceptual lens, asking what theoretical mechanisms appear to be most consistent with the data. And finally, I pose the question of what policymakers can do—with either regulatory tools or monetary policy—to help moderate credit-driven fluctuations in real activity.
A phase 1/2 open label nonrandomized clinical trial of intravenous 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for acute liver disease in infants with Niemann-Pick C1.

Abstract Introduction Niemann-Pick C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disease due to defective NPC1 or NPC2 proteins resulting in endo-lysosomal storage of unesterified cholesterol in the central nervous system and liver. Acute liver disease in the newborn period may be self-limited or fatal. 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPBCD) is a cholesterol-binding agent that reduces lysosomal cholesterol storage. We have enrolled 3 infants 0–6 months old with direct hyperbilirubinemia due to NPC1 or NPC2 liver disease in a Phase I/II open label clinical trial of intravenous 2HPBCD. Methods Infants received intravenous 2HPBCD twice a week for 6 weeks, followed by monthly infusion for 6-months. Primary outcome measure was reduction of plasma (3β,5α,6β-trihydroxy-cholan-24-oyl) glycine (TCG), a bile acid generated from cholesterol sequestered in lysosome. Results Three participants completed this protocol. A fourth patient received intravenous 2HPBCD under an emergency investigational new drug study but later expired from her underlying condition. The three protocol patients are living and have improved liver enzymes and TCG. No patient has experienced a drug-related adverse event. Conclusion Intravenous 2HPBCD was tolerated in three infants with liver disease due to NPC.
The African American experience in reproductive medicine: provider, patient, and pipeline perspectives

The goal of this Views and Reviews is to let colleagues and leaders well versed in the African American experience in reproductive medicine address the problems of racism affecting our trainees and patients and, more significantly, propose solutions. The areas in reproductive medicine that will be explored from the African American perspective include the pipeline of providers, health disparities, and access to infertility treatment.
Age-friendly as Tranquilo Ambiente: How Socio-Cultural Perspectives Shape the Lived Environment of Latinx Older Adults.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Researchers have increasingly considered the importance of age-friendly communities to improve the health and well-being of older adults. Studies have primarily focused on the built environment, such as community infrastructure, older adult behavior, and environmental expectations. Less is known about the role of cultural characteristics in shaping perceptions of age-friendly environments, especially among racial and ethnic minorities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using an ethnographic methodological approach, including participant observation in a Latinx community near New York City and 72 semi-structured interviews, this study examines how older Latinxs characterize age-friendly communities. RESULTS Latinx older adults described their community as age-friendly by way of the concept Tranquilo Ambiente, translated as calm or peaceful environment. More specifically, TA includes: 1) a sense of perceived personal safety, 2) ethnic and social connectedness, and 3) spatial and cultural accessibility. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study extends prior research that has largely considered structural or economic components to show how culture may also influence the well-being of older Latinxs, even if living in an under-resourced area. The concept of Tranquilo Ambiente demonstrates that both structural and cultural environmental factors influence older Latinxs understandings of age-friendly communities. By utilizing a socio-cultural lens, this research highlights how Latinx older adults benefit from an environment that supports their physical (e.g., well-lit and newly paved streets), social (e.g., city hall senior center), and cultural (e.g., events and programs that promote cultural heritage) needs.
Hydrogeomorphic controls on phosphorus retention in streams

[1] We compared the relative influences of biochemical uptake processes and dynamic hydrology and geomorphology (hydrogeomorphology) on molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP) retention within a stream. MRP concentrations were measured upstream and downstream of a 4.5-km reach undergoing dynamic channel adjustment in response to downstream dam removal. Geomorphic adjustments following removal produced measurable changes in velocity and depth, and decreases in MRP retention. Paired upstream and downstream measurements of MRP concentration were used to compute three retention metrics: uptake rate, mass transfer coefficient, and uptake length, which were used as model parameters. Modeling results showed that changes in channel morphology alone following dam removal could result in an approximate 40% increase in downstream MRP concentrations compared with conditions with the dam in place. However, empirical and modeling results indicate that hydrogeomorphology can control nutrient retention on the reach scale only when uptake processes are either sufficiently great or when uptake rates have limited variability. Review of published phosphorus retention values revealed greater variability in biochemical uptake rates than in hydrogeomorphology. Thus uptake rates should exert a stronger control on reach-scale MRP retention than changing channel morphology or hydrology. These results suggest that maintaining or restoring channel conditions that are conducive to biochemical uptake are of greater priority than restoration of hydrologic or geomorphic conditions alone.
Development and Application of the Rolling Contact Fatigue Test Rig

The rolling contact (RC) fatigue test rig was developed specifically for rapid and inexpensive evaluation of materials and processes for rolling element bearing applications. The simple geometry of the test specimen, a cylindrical bar, makes it ideal for evaluating new materials where only limited quantities of the material may initially be available and also permits precise control of the mechanical and thermal processing of the test specimen. This paper will discuss the development of the RC rig and will detail some of the major investigatory programs which have been performed in the authors' laboratory. This includes the evaluation of metallic and nonmetallic materials for bearing operation, effects of different metallurgical structures on rolling contact fatigue, and the investigation of unique processes such as ausforming and hollow rolling elements. The results of these investigations will show the relevance of the RC rig to full-scale bearing tests and to actual bearing operation in service. Last, the initial work performed on the second-generation RC rig, a high-speed version capable of surface speeds up to 25 m/s (82 ft/s), permitting operation well into the elastohydrodynamic regime, will be briefly reviewed.
Simulating the dynamic coupling of market and physical system operations

As energy trading products cover shorter time periods and demand response programs move toward real-time pricing, financial market-based activity impacts ever more directly the physical operation of the system. To begin to understand the complex interactions between the market-driven operation signals, the engineered controlled schemes, and the laws of physics, new system modeling and simulation techniques must be explored. This discussion describes requirements for interactions and an approach to capture the dynamic coupling between energy markets and the physical operation of the power system appropriate for dispatcher reaction time frames.
Resistance of metal complexes of conalbumin and transferrin to proteolysis and to thermal denaturation.

In the present study, a much greater stability of the metal complexes of both conalbumin and transferrin was encountered than had apparently been suspected heretofore. This report concerns the relative stabilities of these proteins and their metal complexes to enzyme action and to thermal denaturation.
A Curriculum for the Twenty-first Century

The pessimists take a superficial look at the past history of curriculum innovation and conclude that no meaningful change is possible. Most educational leaders reject that position. Biology 1988 is not Biology 1958; curriculum change does occur. The reactionaries want to return to a classical curriculum that never did work for most students. Many recent curriculum reform pronouncements seem to have been designed for what might be termed the "Edsel" high school-they add up to a 1950 high school program that was obsolete from the day it was implemented. The revolutionaries are busy reconceptualizing the curriculum, encouraging practitioners to make radical changes in its organization and structure. While there is obvious value in such creative curriculum thinking, radical change does not seem to be possible-or even necessary. I see myself as a reformer-one who believes in incremental meliorism. Reformers want to take small steps toward a realizable future, developing in the process a curriculum that is measurably better than the one offered now. It is in this reformist spirit that the following recommendations are offered. The discussion first indicates the major ways each of the four major disciplines should and can improve by the year 2000 and then presents an incremental strategy for achieving such gains. It is a process that might best be termed curriculum renewal.
An evaluation of permeability of statistically reconstructed three-dimensional pore structures with lattice boltzmann simulations

Water flow and related processes at the pore scale essentially occur in three dimensions (3D). Unfortunately, it is often difficult and expensive to obtain reliable “images” of the 3D pore structure. Several techniques are available to statistically generate 3D pore structures from spatial information derived from 2D microscope images of thin sections of rock and soil. The question remains, however, whether the reconstructed media are functionally identical to the 3D originals. In this study we try to answer this question by reconstructing pore structures of idealized media. Lattice Bolzmann simulations are carried out to compare the permeabilities of the original and reconstructed 3D media.
The essential 65-kilodalton DNA-binding protein of herpes simplex virus stimulates the virus-encoded DNA polymerase

Abstract The 65-kilodalton DNA-binding protein (65KDBP) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), the product of the UL42 gene, is required for DNA replication both in vitro and in vivo, yet its actual function is unknown. By two independent methods, it was shown that the 65KDBP stimulates the activity of the HSV-1-encoded DNA polymerase (Pol). When Pol, purified from HSV-1-infected cells, was separated from the 65KDBP, much of its activity was lost. However, addition of the 65KDBP, purified from infected cells, stimulated the activity of Pol 4- to 10-fold. The ability of a monoclonal antibody to the 65KDBP to remove the Pol-stimulating activity from preparations of the 65KDBP confirmed that the activity was not due to a trace contaminant. Furthermore, the 65KDBP did not stimulate the activity of other DNA polymerases derived from T4, T7, or Escherichia coli. The 65KDBP gene transcribed in vitro from cloned DNA and translated in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysates also was capable of stimulating the product of the pol gene when the RNAs were cotranslated. The product of a mutant 65KDBP gene missing the carboxy-terminal 28 amino acids exhibited wild-type levels of Pol stimulation, while the products of two large deletion mutants of the gene could not stimulate Pol activity. These experiments suggest that the 65KDBP may be an accessory protein for the HSV-1 Pol.
Nonlinear registration of diffusion MR images based on fiber bundles

In this paper, we explore the use of fiber bundles extracted from diffusion MR images for a nonlinear registration algorithm. We employ a white matter atlas to automatically label major fiber bundles and to establish correspondence between subjects. We propose a polyaffine framework to calculate a smooth and invertible nonlinear warp field based on these correspondences, and derive an analytical solution for the reorientation of the tensor fields under the polyaffine transformation. We demonstrate our algorithm on a group of subjects and show that it performs comparable to a higher dimensional nonrigid registration algorithm.
Two dimensional simulation of silicide growth and flow

A two dimensional, physically based process simulator has been developed, which includes the ability to simulate both the growth of oxides and silicides. Object oriented techniques were utilized so that both oxidation and silicidation share much of the same code, which reduces program size and makes further development easier. >
Genome structure of the defective avian sarcoma virus PRCIV

Abstract The genome of PRCIV, a defective avian sarcoma virus of class II, was studied by nucleic acid hybridization and oligonucleotide mapping. It has a length of about 6.1 kilobases (kb). A stretch of retrovirus replicative sequences encompassing part of the gag , all of the pol , and most of the env region, in all about 5 kb, is deleted. In its place a 2.9 kb substitution that is transformation-specific for PRCIV was found. Flanking the PRCIV-specific substitution are sequences shared with the helper virus, a stretch of 2.0 kb on the 5′-side, including part of the gag region, and a stretch of up to 1 kb on the 3′-side, including the C-region and possibly some env sequences. A PRCIV-specific cDNA probe representing the transformation-specific sequences was prepared. This probe hybridizes only with RNAs of other class II sarcoma viruses but fails to hybridize with either class I or class III sarcoma viruses.
Interactions between human neutrophils and vaccinia virus: induction of oxidative metabolism and virus inactivation.

Summary: The possible role of human neutrophils (PMN) as direct effector cells against free live virus particles was tested in vitro. Oxygen consumption, production of chemiluminescence and “virus killing” by PMNs was examined during and after incubation of cells and live or dead vaccinia virus with and without specific antibody. Oxygen consumption and chemiluminescence production occurred with unopsonized live but not with inactivated virus and was greatly enhanced with opsonization. Virus titers were determined in PMN-free supernatant and freeze-thawed cell pellet fractions after 15 min incubation. Reduction in titer from virus control was seen in supernatant fractions with and without opsonins, but in the cell fraction only with opsonins; the degree of reduction with opsonins was directly related to the opsonin source. PMNs from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease did not inhibit virus replication. These data suggest an active role for human PMNs in the genesis of and defense against virus infections and indicate areas for further investigation. Speculation: Human neutrophils may play a role in the pathogenesis of and control of virus infections.
Ultracentrifuge studies of the effects of thiocyanate ion on antigen-antibody systems

Abstract The use of chaotropic ions has recently been suggested as a means of dissociating antigen-antibody complexes [1]. The present paper reports on sedimentation velocity measurements on antigen-antibody systems which have been exposed to high concentrations of thiocyanate (SCN), the most effective of these ions. The systems include bovine and human serum albumins and ovalbumin, and their complexes with their respective antibodies. Several effects of SCN are shown. Antibody immunospecifically purified by 3 M SCN at neutral pH retained its ability to combine with antigen to form soluble and insoluble complexes. In 3 M SCN, the concentration used for antibody purification, no significant amount of irreversible gross structural changes was discerned in any of the proteins. at 4·5 M and above, SCN caused changes in the sedimentation behavior of γ-globulin, antigens, and complexes. These changes were reversible by dialysis, except gelation, which was particularly pronounced for ovalbumin at 6 M SCN. 1·5 M SCN readily dissolved specific precipitates in AG excess; 3 M SCN was required to dissolve and dissociate specific precipitates formed in the equivalence zone.
Isotopic constitution of semiconductors: manifestations in their electronic and vibrational spectra

Abstract Semiconductors are prime examples of crystals which can be grown with unprecedented purity, imperfections being introduced deliberately in a controlled manner. However, even the chemically purest semiconductor is isotopically disordered as dictated by the natural abundance of elements. Diamonds have 98.9% 12C and 1.1% 13C; silicon consists of 92.23% 28Si, 4.67% 29Si and 3.1% 30Si whereas germanium exhibits a large isotopic disorder originating in 21.23% 70Ge, 27.66% 72Ge, 7.73% 73Ge, 35.94% 74Ge and 7.44% 76Ge! The isotopic composition of single crystal diamonds, controlled by the starting material used for growth by chemical vapor deposition followed by high temperature growth, provides a splendid opportunity to address the subtle manifestations of zero-point motion in their Brillouin and Raman spectra. Isotopically pure Ge shows mass dependent small shifts in its electronic band structure which can however be detected in the signatures observed in its modulated reflection and transmission spectra. The local modes of oxygen in isotopically pure Ge are observed by infrared spectroscopy as exceptionally sharp lines with striking fine structure. Substitutional incorporation of the lighter elements (e.g., Mg, Mn, Ca, …) in the II–VI semiconductors leads to sharp local modes (including isotopic shifts) in their infrared spectra.
Beam-pointing errors of planar-phased arrays

The beam-pointing error of an (M + 1) \times (N + 1) planar phased array is analyzed by the use of both analytical and Monte Carlo techniques. Simple formulas for the rms pointing error are obtained for uniform planar arrays with both uniform and Gaussian uncorrelated phase-error distributions and for any arbitrary scan angle.
The Titrametric Determination of Rhenium

Abstract A spectrophotometric titration for the determination of rhenium was developed using tin(II) as the titrant. Samples containing approximately 1 × 10−2 meq/ml were titrated with errors of approximately four percent. Titration of rhenium was investigated in the presence of glucose, ethanol, and oxalate. No significant induced reactions were shown to occur.
SAHA Enhances Proteostasis of Epilepsy-Associated α1(A322D)β2γ2 GABAA Receptors

GABA(A) receptors are the primary inhibitory ion channels in the mammalian central nervous system. The A322D mutation in the α1 subunit of GABA(A) receptors is known to result in its degradation and reduce its cell surface expression, leading to loss of GABAA receptor function in autosomal dominant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Here, we show that SAHA, a FDA-approved drug, increases the transcription of the α1(A322D) subunit, enhances its folding and trafficking posttranslationally, increases its cell surface level, and restores the GABA-induced maximal current in HEK293 cells expressing α1(A322D)β2γ2 receptors to 10% of that for wild-type receptors. To enhance the trafficking efficiency of the α1(A322D) subunit, SAHA increases the BiP protein level and the interaction between the α1(A322D) subunit and calnexin. SAHA is a drug that enhances epilepsy-associated GABAA receptor proteostasis.