cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making connections among multiple visual representations: how do sense-making skills and perceptual fluency relate to learning of chemistry knowledge?

To learn content knowledge in science, technology, engineering, and math domains, students need to make connections among visual representations. This article considers two kinds of connection-making skills: (1) sense-making skills that allow students to verbally explain mappings among representations and (2) perceptual fluency in connection making that allows students to fast and effortlessly use perceptual features to make connections among representations. These different connection-making skills are acquired via different types of learning processes. Therefore, they require different types of instructional support: sense-making activities and fluency-building activities. Because separate lines of research have focused either on sense-making skills or on perceptual fluency, we know little about how these connection-making skills interact when students learn domain knowledge. This article describes two experiments that address this question in the context of undergraduate chemistry learning. In Experiment 1, 95 students were randomly assigned to four conditions that varied whether or not students received sense-making activities and fluency-building activities. In Experiment 2, 101 students were randomly assigned to five conditions that varied whether or not and in which sequence students received sense-making and fluency-building activities. Results show advantages for sense-making and fluency-building activities compared to the control condition only for students with high prior chemistry knowledge. These findings provide new insights into potential boundary conditions for the effectiveness of different types of instructional activities that support students in making connections among multiple visual representations.
Evaluation of two calcium alginate dressings in the management of venous ulcers.

Abstract Calcium alginate dressings facilitate the management of highly exudating wounds such as venous ulcers. To evaluate and compare the performance of two calcium alginate dressings in the management of venous ulcers, a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study was conducted among 19 outpatients at two wound clinics in California. Ten patients (53%) were treated with Alginate A and nine patients (47%) with Alginate B. Dressings were changed weekly and patients were followed for a maximum of 6 weeks or until the venous ulcer no longer required the use of an alginate dressing. At each dressing change, the wound was assessed and dressing performance evaluated. Absorbency of exudate, patient comfort during wear, ease of removal, adherence to wound bed, dressing residue following initial irrigation, patient comfort during removal, ease of application, and conformability were assessed. Patients using Alginate A experienced significantly less foul odor (P = 0.02) and less denuded skin (P = 0.04) than Alginate B at follow-up wound assessments. With the exception of conformability, Alginate A was rated significantly better than Alginate B (P less than or equal to 0.05) in all dressing performance assessments. No significant healing differences were observed. As the different performance characteristics of various calcium alginate dressings become more obvious in clinical practice, further study is warranted to determine their optimal effectiveness.
Does VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART invalidate the use of bivalirudin in myocardial infarction?

Over the past two decades, technological advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) [such as 2 nd generation drug eluting stents (DES), use of transradial access] and antithrombotic therapy (more potent P2Y 12 agents) have made PCI safer and more effective in treating patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The use of direct and indirect thrombin inhibitors along with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) during PCI have contributed to improved angiographic and clinical outcomes, but at the cost of increased bleeding complications and its attendant risks of morbidity and death (1).
Antioxidant Therapy Against Persistent Organic Pollutants and Associated Diseases

Environmental pollutants are recognized as modulators of metabolic disorders or noncommunicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Nutritional interventions have emerged as means to prevent the development of metabolic diseases and to modulate cellular mechanisms responsible for pro- and antioxidant responses, inflammatory signaling cascades, and environmental toxicant clearance. We review the role of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in disease development along with the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling the development of oxidative stress-sensitive and/or inflammatory diseases ranging from metabolic syndrome-related disorders to cancer. The use of antioxidant therapies to mitigate the development of environmental pollutant-induced diseases is discussed as the basis of a potent public health intervention strategy. While nutritional interventions have long been seen as vital components for decreasing complications associated with metabolic diseases, they are emerging as realistic, cost-effective means to decrease adverse effects of environmental POPs on health outcome. This chapter also reviews common mechanisms of toxicity of emerging organic contaminants with a focus on model toxicants such as POPs and how antioxidant therapies may be used as sensible means of modulating POP-induced oxidative stress and chronic inflammation that lead to disease risks. Diets rich in antioxidants may contribute to cellular protection against POP-induced inflammatory reaction by upregulating antioxidant cellular defenses, increasing excretion rates of POPs, and/or downregulating pro-inflammatory signaling cascades.
Gangs in Los Angeles: Limited occupational possibilities for Latino male adolescents

An occupational perspective is relevant in examining how the unique context of a person’s life and environment can impact the types of occupations in which he or she participates, and the dilemmas ...
Outcomes Following Urgent/Emergent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights From the STS/ACC TVT Registry.

Abstract Objectives The authors sought to examine outcomes and identify independent predictors of mortality among patients undergoing urgent/emergent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Background Data on urgent/emergent TAVR as a rescue therapy for decompensated severe aortic stenosis (AS) are limited. Methods The Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy (STS/ACC TVT) Registry linked with Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims was used to identify patients who underwent urgent/emergent versus elective TAVR between November 2011 and June 2016. Outcomes assessed were device success rate, in-hospital major adverse events, and 30-day and 1-year mortality. Independent predictors of mortality after urgent/emergent TAVR were examined. Results Of 40,042 patients who underwent TAVR, 3,952 (9.9%) were urgent/emergent (median STS PROM score 11.8 [interquartile range: 7.6 to 17.9]). Device success rate was statistically lower, but not clinically different after urgent/emergent versus elective TAVR (92.6% vs. 93.7%; p = 0.007). Rates of major and/or life-threatening bleeding, major vascular complications, myocardial infarction, stroke, new permanent pacemaker placement, conversion to SAVR, and paravalvular regurgitation were similar between the 2 groups. Compared with elective TAVR, patients undergoing urgent/emergent TAVR had higher rates of acute kidney injury and/or new dialysis (8.2% vs. 4.2%; p Conclusions Urgent/emergent TAVR is feasible with acceptable outcomes and may be a reasonable option in a selected group of patients with severe AS.
Two’s a Crowd: Women Candidates in Concurrent Elections

Most research on evaluations of women candidates considers single elections in isolation. Using two Dynamic Process Tracing experiments, this article examines whether voters alter their evaluations...
Sexual Activity of Young Adults Who Are Visually Impaired and the Need for Effective Sex Education

IntroductionLittle research has been reported on all aspects of sexuality as it pertains to individuals with visual impairments. This article analyzes data on the sexual experiences of young adults...
The Use of High-Probability Requests to Increase Compliance with Instructions to Take Medication

A simple, positive procedure was used to increase the number of times that a woman with severe disabilities complied with requests to take prescribed oral medication. The procedure involved asking the woman to follow a number of requests with which she typically complied, reinforcing her compliance with these requests, and then presenting the request to take the medication. The procedure was implemented by direct-care staff during their daily ongoing responsibilities and was functionally related to increases in the number of times that she complied with the request to take her medication.
Niche-structured assemblages of exotic earthworms in headwater streambanks in eastern New York State, USA

Abstract In eastern North America, most Lumbricid earthworms found today above the post-Wisconsin Glacial boundary are non-indigenous, some with marked potential as invasive and ecologically disruptive species. These earthworms tend to appear as assemblages, not solitary species. Among potential explanations are successional facilitation among taxa, anthropogenic dispersal mechanisms that promote multi-species introductions, or simply shared habitat determinants that lead to accumulations through various dispersal pathways. We examined headwater streambanks in higher elevation forests of eastern New York State, and found up to 15 lumbricid earthworm species per 50 m-long reach among 14 sites divided between two montane regions, the northern Catskill Mountains and the Helderberg Plateau of eastern New York State. After pooling six surveys per site taken over two years, we found consistent differences between the two regions. Although most species (14/18) were found in both regions, their relative abundances and assortment patterns differed. Eisenoides lonnbergi and Bimastos rubidus, two native species were more prevalent in the Catskills, and represented new records for both regions. Ordination (CCA) on a set of measured environmental parameters revealed that most species were distributed along a soil pH-tree composition gradient. At the site level, clustering was strongly regional, despite a relatively small distance ( 0.30 for both regions). Furthermore, the riparian zones we surveyed are relatively dynamic settings, so the stability of these novel assemblages is uncertain. With other invasive earthworm species now spreading throughout New York State, that uncertainty may grow.
“You Just Sit There and Be Quiet”: Latino/A Bilingual Educators in Texas

A shortage of Spanish/English bilingual educators exists in Texas with large numbers of emergent bilingual students concentrated in high poverty areas. The goal of this study was to examine how six...
ADP-Ribosylation as a Regulatory Mechanism for Nitrogen Fixation

Biological nitrogen fixation represents a major energy drain for the cell and it is therefore not surprising that organisms have developed a range of mechanisms for the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of that process. One of the best understood post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms is reversible ADP-ribosylation, which has been found in some phototrophs and the Azospirillum genus.
Web Teaching Guide: A Practical Approach to Creating Course Web Sites

Prompted by student enthusiasm and by the opportunity to enhance college courses, more and more faculty members in higher education are incorporating the Web into their teaching. This helpful book is designed to answer the questions an educator who lacks extensive technical experience asks about creating a Web site: Why should I use the Web? How can the Web enhance my teaching? How do I make a Web site? How can I make it effective? Multimedia specialist Sarah Horton draws on extensive experience as a faculty Web consultant to explain the entire process of creating a site, from initial planning through site assessment. She examines the strengths of the Web and its many possible uses. More than just a way to distribute course handouts, a Web site can provide richer content, multiple expressions of an idea, interactivity, opportunities for collaboration and customization, and flexibility for updates. Horton urges teachers to consider the ever-growing possibilities that information technology presents. Her focus is on practical matters related to creating Web-based instructional materials. With case studies throughout, she discusses the planning process, content creation, site development, and finally site implementation in the curriculum.
Role of adjuvant radiation in patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity.

6042 Background: Although surgery is the initial treatment of choice for patients with stage III squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity (OC), the role of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) remain...
Current trends of peer review publications among early career counseling psychologists in academia

Tenure and promotion procedures are an important work consideration for those seeking academic appointments. The first six years (the typical pre-tenure period) are particularly central to these co...
Mitochondria-lysosome contacts regulate mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics via lysosomal TRPML1.

Mitochondria and lysosomes are critical for cellular homeostasis, and dysfunction of both organelles has been implicated in numerous diseases. Recently, interorganelle contacts between mitochondria and lysosomes were identified and found to regulate mitochondrial dynamics. However, whether mitochondria–lysosome contacts serve additional functions by facilitating the direct transfer of metabolites or ions between the two organelles has not been elucidated. Here, using high spatial and temporal resolution live-cell microscopy, we identified a role for mitochondria–lysosome contacts in regulating mitochondrial calcium dynamics through the lysosomal calcium efflux channel, transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1). Lysosomal calcium release by TRPML1 promotes calcium transfer to mitochondria, which was mediated by tethering of mitochondria–lysosome contact sites. Moreover, mitochondrial calcium uptake at mitochondria–lysosome contact sites was modulated by the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane channels, voltage-dependent anion channel 1 and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, respectively. Since loss of TRPML1 function results in the lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), we examined MLIV patient fibroblasts and found both altered mitochondria–lysosome contact dynamics and defective contact-dependent mitochondrial calcium uptake. Thus, our work highlights mitochondria–lysosome contacts as key contributors to interorganelle calcium dynamics and their potential role in the pathophysiology of disorders characterized by dysfunctional mitochondria or lysosomes.
Risk Stratification of COVID-19 Patients Using Ambulatory Oxygen Saturation in the Emergency Department.

INTRODUCTION: It is difficult to determine illness severity for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially among stable-appearing emergency department (ED) patients. We evaluated patient outcomes among ED patients with a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation measurement. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of ED patients seen at New York University Langone Health during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. We identified ED patients who had a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation. We studied the outcomes of high oxygen requirement (defined as >4 liters per minute) and mechanical ventilation among admitted patients and bounceback admissions among discharged patients. We also performed logistic regression and compared the performance of different ambulatory oxygen saturation cutoffs in predicting these outcomes. RESULTS: Between March 15-April 14, 2020, 6194 patients presented with fever, cough, or shortness of breath at our EDs. Of these patients, 648 (11%) had a documented ambulatory oxygen saturation, of which 165 (24%) were admitted. Notably, admitted and discharged patients had similar initial vital signs. However, the average ambulatory oxygen saturation among admitted patients was significantly lower at 89% compared to 96% among discharged patients (p<0.01). Among admitted patients with an ambulatory oxygen saturation, 30% had high oxygen requirements and 8% required mechanical ventilation. These rates were predicted by low ambulatory oxygen saturation (p<0.01). Among discharged patients, 50 (10%) had a subsequent ED visit resulting in admission. Although bounceback admissions were predicted by ambulatory oxygen saturation at the first ED visit (p<0.01), our analysis of cutoffs suggested that this association may not be clinically useful. CONCLUSION: Measuring ambulatory oxygen saturation can help ED clinicians identify patients who may require high levels of oxygen or mechanical ventilation during admission. However, it is less useful for identifying which patients may deteriorate clinically in the days after ED discharge and require subsequent hospitalization.
Leadership and the aggregation of international collective action

Political entrepreneurs, or leaders, play an important role in overcoming under-provision and coordination problems inherent in international public goods. Recent examples include the Montreal Protocol on ozone depletion and NATO peacekeeping. We demonstrate that the Prisoner's Dilemma need not be a fait accompli of international collective action, owing to the various means for aggregating contributions (summation, best shot, better shot, weakest link and weaker link). Using evolutionary game theory, we examine "leading by example", whereby a leader unilaterally provides an intermediate contribution, and matching behavior there beyond. It is shown to be a noncooperative means for achieving cooperative provision. Copyright 2001 by Oxford University Press.
Striking a Strategic Balance: Enhancing Corporate Philanthropy through Service Learning

Corporate giving is increasingly important to the nonprofit sector. However, corporate philanthropy has been slow to adopt insights from the sector’s decades-long experimentation with strategic philanthropy. This article explores the question of how corporate philanthropy might leverage service learning partnerships with students in university-based nonprofit education programs to enhance strategy and maximize social impact. We propose a model for strategic corporate philanthropy comprising two axes, on which the corporation can gauge whether its giving is more proactive or reactive, and technocratic or humanistic, to find a balance between strategy and rigidity. Qualitative data were collected from a service learning project between Toyota Motor North America, Master of Public Administration (MPA) students at a Texas university, and residents of an economically challenged area of West Dallas. Findings suggest that service learning partnerships can help corporate philanthropists strike an appropriate strategic balance, whereby the corporation, individuals being served, and students all benefit. Subscribe to JNEL
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: New Research Insights on Infant Sucking and Feeding Development

Purpose Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or BPD, is a serious lung condition that mostly affects premature newborns who need prolonged oxygen therapy. Certain factors place infants at risk for developin...
From Automobile Capitalism to Platform Capitalism: Toyotism as a prehistory of digital platforms:

This article explores the automotive lineage and manufacturing origins of platforms. Challenging prevailing assumptions that the platform is a digital artefact, and platform capitalism a new era, t...
Metabolic Aspects of Urinary Stone Disease

The field of urinary stone disease can conveniently be divided into those diseases that clearly result from excessive supersaturation of the urine for the offending crystalline species and those that do not. Recent developments in the former area are mainly confined to describing new disorders or improving therapy; there is little debate on pathogenesis and hardly a reference to physical chemistry. For calcium stone disease, the situation is quite different. Not only is excessive supersaturation for calcium oxalate often difficult to demonstrate, but normals may have crystalluria. The lofty realms of complex physical chemistry are increasingly invoked. Further, in contrast to other stone diseases, the contribution of diet to both the cause and treatment of calcium stone disease must be considered. It is this disease entity that presents the greatest continuing challenge.
Etiology of Ventricular Septal Defects: An Epidemiologic Approach

To investigate the recent 150% increase in the reported incidence of ventricular septal defects (VSDs) in the United States, the epidemiology of ventricular septal defects was examined. The apparent incidence of VSDs is highly dependent on case finding methods, and more complete diagnosis and reporting probably account for the increase in reported incidence. Variations in case ascertainment also account for the small differences in incidence in studies from different places. The several known risk factors for VSD, including a family history of congenital heart disease and exposure to certain drugs, infectious agents, and maternal metabolic disturbances, explain few cases. Incidence rates are similar in different races and seasons and are unrelated to maternal age, birth order, sex, and socioeconomic status. VSDs occur naturally in a wide range of mammals and in birds, which also have four-chambered hearts. Despite identical genes and similar prenatal environments, the concordance rate in identical twins is only about 10%. The consistency of incidence among individuals with widely differing genes and environments and the frequency of discordance in identical twins suggest that VSDs often occur as random errors in development, at a frequency largely determined by the complexity of normal cardiac morphogenesis. This hypothesis has two major implications: many VSDs are not preventable and parents need not feel responsible for VSDs in their children.
Theoretical and Applied Dynamic Systems Research in Developmental Science

This article discusses some of the ways in which dynamic systems approaches have been applied to developmental science. Dynamic systems thinking sug- gests that (a) there is always change within stability at the level of real-time (microscopic) behavior, and (b) micro- level change provides the seeds for developmental (macroscopic) change. It is only possible to study these propositions using microgenetic designs, case-based studies of change using frequent observations across devel- opment. Normal parent-infant relationships smooth out otherwise abrupt developmental transitions using a bridg- ing process. The absence of developmental bridging may reflect problematic or even traumatic growth patterns, suggesting that bridging, a feature of a developmental trajectory, may serve as a diagnostic individual differences variable. KEYWORDS—dynamic systems; developmental change; microgenetic research; case studies
HTML5: Designing Rich Internet Applications

Implement the powerful multimedia and interactive capabilities offered by HTML5, including style control tools, illustration tools, video, audio, and rich media solutions. Understand how HTML5 is changing the web development game with this project-based book that shows you-not just tells you-what HTML5 can do for your websites. Reinforce your practical understanding of the new standard with demo applications and tutorials, so that execution is one short step away. HTML5 is the future of the web. Literally every web designer and developer needs to know how to use this language to create the types of web sites consumers now expect. This new edition of the bestseller teaches you to enhance your web designs with rich media solutions and interactivity, using detailed descriptions and hands-on projects for every step along the way. The second edition contains completely updated information, including more on mobility and video standards, plus new projects. The companion website, visualizetheweb.com, is packed full of extra information, online code libraries, and a user forum, offering even more opportunity to learn new skills, practice your coding and interact with other users.
A Review of “The Impossible Indian: Gandhi and the Temptation of Violence“

The influential twentieth-century political thinker and famous pacifist in India's struggle for home rule Mohandas K. Gandhi and his unconventional politics have inspired many authors to pen numero...
Stability of guyed towers

Curves and equations are presented for obtaining the critical load of guyed towers. Towers with three or four cables and whose mast is either fixed or hinged at the base are considered. The effect of cable pretension and the location of the cable attachment point on the buckling load of the tower is also evaluated. The curves, in addition to giving a direct solution for the critical load of the tower, indicate that there are two regions of behavior. One in which the tower strength is best increased by increasing the stiffness of the cables and a second region in which the strength of the tower can only be increased by increasing the stiffness of the mast.
Vertebrate Functional Morphology and Physiology

Functional morphology is the study of the design of tissues and organ systems, the principles of physics affecting animals, and the mechanisms of the body. Physiology is the study of how living organisms adjust to their environments and regulate critical functions at the tissue, system, cellular and molecular levels. Together the two related fields include a broad range of topics such as feeding mechanics, digestion, locomotion, muscle contraction, circulatory design, oxygen exchange and other topics focused on animal function. Keywords: morphology; physiology; function; biomechanics; feeding; locomotion
Convergent communication technologies and services with context awareness

Summary form only given. The worlds of universal telephony and best-effort data networking, two disparate communication services in the past, are converging to one in which the user's multimedia experiences are becoming increasingly rich, personalized, spontaneous and interactive. The so-called converged network has set the stage for user-centric broadband services. For example, on-demand media is expected to encompass a multiplicity of information sources (from MP3 download and digital audio broadcast to mobile video), networks (from dialed-up to WiMax) and terminal devices (from multimedia PDA with 3G mobile to HDTV). This calls for innovations in efficient and intelligent content processing, distribution and information management. Even more fundamentally, as service personalization (in the general term of context which includes situation, location and availability) becomes the critical differentiation factor in the market, the new convergent communication may demand an architectural focus that will prove indispensable in the trustworthy support and management of context-aware services. In this talk, we articulate for such a vision and point out technical challenges that have to be harnessed in order to realize the vision of right information and right service at the right time.
An elementary characterization of absolutely summing operators

(l 1 IX], =1) is also a Banach space. Denote by • (X; ~ ) the space of continuous linear operators from X into ~ . We say that u ~ ~ ( X ; N) is absolutely summin 9 whenever u "lifts" to a continuous linear operator from la(X) into 11[~ ], i.e., (u(xn)) ~ I1 [N] for all (x,) e tl(X), the continuity of the resulting operation follows from [73, Theorem 4. Let (f2, S, #) be a finite, positive, non-atomic measure space. Denote by ~ ( # , X ) the class of all strongly measurable Pettis #-integrable functions f : t2-*X; norm U;;~(#, X) by
SCFTIR1/AFB-Based Auxin Perception: Mechanism and Role in Plant Growth and Development

Auxin regulates a vast array of growth and developmental processes throughout the life cycle of plants. Auxin responses are highly context dependent and can involve changes in cell division, cell expansion, and cell fate. The complexity of the auxin response is illustrated by the recent finding that the auxin-responsive gene set differs significantly between different cell types in the root. Auxin regulation of transcription involves a core pathway consisting of the TIR1/AFB F-box proteins, the Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors, and the ARF transcription factors. Auxin is perceived by a transient coreceptor complex consisting of a TIR1/AFB protein and an Aux/IAA protein. Auxin binding to the coreceptor results in degradation of the Aux/IAAs and derepression of ARF-based transcription. Although the basic outlines of this pathway are now well established, it remains unclear how specificity of the pathway is conferred. However, recent results, focusing on the ways that these three families of proteins interact, are starting to provide important clues.
Child visitation policy and practice for maternity units.

Purpose : To examine policies and practices related to sibling and child visitation within southeastern U.S. hospital-based maternity units. Methods : This descriptive telephone survey includes data from 69 hospitals about their intrapartum and postpartum sibling and child visitation policies. Data were collected from nurse representatives from each of these institutions. Frequency distributions were used to analyze the data. Results : Visitation during labor was restricted to siblings only in 62.3% of the hospitals; in this sample, only 28.9% allowed open visitation by children during labor and four hospitals prohibited all children from visiting during labor. Postpartum visitation was less restrictive: The majority (82.6%) of the hospitals had open child visitation policies; only four hospitals physically assessed or observed children for signs of illness prior to visiting on the postpartum unit. In most cases, even if restrictive child visitation policies were in place, they were not routinely enforced. Clinical implications : Nurses should examine current sibling and child visitation policies in their institutions to determine the need for revision, elimination, or creation of new policies. Moreover, continued research study on child and sibling visitation and related issues is warranted to generate updated evidence to support policies.
Wavelet Fingerprinting of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags

Unintentional modulations of the electromagnetic signal of radio-frequency (RF) emitters are used to identify individual sources of signals as unique from emitters of the same type in a procedure known as RF fingerprinting. It allows for the identification and tracking of physical threats, prevention of unauthorized access, and detecting cloning of sensitive devices. Machine learning techniques assist RF fingerprinting by providing automatic recognition of these unique aspects of individual RF emitters. RF identification (RFID) tags are a common RF emitter used to track supplies and are also present in credit cards and passports to allow for automatic recognition or monetary transfers. Despite advances in RFID cryptography, RFID tags can still be easily cloned and tracked. Here, we implement RF fingerprinting to authenticate individual RFID tags at the physical layer. Features are extracted using the dynamic wavelet fingerprint, and supervised pattern classification techniques are used to identify unique RFID tags with up to 99% accuracy.
Macroscopic freeway model calibration with partially observed data, a case study

In this paper, we present a case study on the macroscopic model calibration of the I-680 freeway in Northern California. This calibration effort posed two major challenges: 1) Only about half of the detectors on the mainline were functioning, and 2) no detection was available on the ramps. The only available ramp flow information were the Census counts on about 15 days back in 2009. The model calibrated based on sparsely available data from 2009 was subsequently used for projecting the state of the freeway in 2013. This is due to the fact that data quality significantly deteriorates after 2009 and almost no data is available after 2012. We demonstrate the algorithms developed to automatically calibrate a couple of macroscopic traffic flow models derived from the Cell Transmission Model. The algorithms estimate the unob- served input flows and replace faulty or missing mainline measurements. The unknown input estimation is achieved by an adaptive imputation scheme that uses the partial knowledge of the ramp flows as lower and upper bounds for the estimates. Whereas the fault diagnosis algorithm identifies bad measurements on the mainline and replaces them with profiles that agree with the model dynamics. Due to the inherent unobservability of the system in the absence of both mainline and ramp flow data, this heuristic sub- stitution method is employed rather than a more rigorous state estimation scheme. The resulting calibrated model is able to reproduce the observed congestion patterns on the mainline for the 2009 data while keeping the estimated boundary flow inputs within the expected bounds to the extent where they don't violate the model dynamics. The model also performs well under projected conditions for 2013.
Stalled polymerases and transcriptional regulation.

After initiating transcription, RNA polymerase II often stalls a short distance downstream of promoters. The recent discovery of stalled polymerases at a large number of eukaryotic promoters suggests that the regulation of stalling plays a more important role in gene expression and development than previously suspected.
A Unified Approach to a Class of Stochastic Carcinogenesis Models

Survival and hazard functions play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis modeling. This paper provides a unified approach to computing these two quantities by classifying a large class of carcinogenesis models from a computational point of view, and prescribes specific computational recipes according to this classification.
Molecular mechanics (MM4) vibrational frequency calculations for alkenes and conjugated hydrocarbons

Vibrational frequencies for 11 alkenes and 8 conjugated hydrocarbons have been analyzed with MM4. The root mean square (rms) difference between the experimental and MM4 values is 25 cm−1 for seven alkenes and 31 cm−1 for eight conjugated hydrocarbons, compared to MM3 rms differences of 38 cm−1 for alkenes and 52 cm−1 for conjugated hydrocarbons. New MM4 cross-terms which primarily affect vibrational frequencies include bend-torsion-bend, improper torsion-torsion-improper torsion, and stretch–stretch, which improve in-plane bending, out-of-plane bending, and stretching frequencies, respectively. The stretching force parameter for conjugated bonds has been changed to vary quadratically with bond order (instead of linearly, as in MM3). The addition of a V4 term to the torsional potential for alkenes and conjugated hydrocarbons helps improve torsional frequencies. The torsion–torsion cross-term increases out-of-plane bending frequencies in conjugated hydrocarbons. This overall improvement in the vibrational frequencies does not result in any sacrifice in the accuracy of other quantities calculated by MM4. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Numerical Methods for Optimal Controls for Nonlinear Stochastic Systems With Delays: Algorithms and Data*

Abstract The Markov chain approximation numerical methods, widely used to compute optimal value functions and controls for stochastic systems, was extended to general controlled nonlinear (and possibly reflected) diffusions with delays in a recent book of the author, and the convergence of many types of algorithms was proved. The path, control and/or reflection terms can all be delayed. If the control and/or reflection terms are delayed, the memory requirements can be huge. Recasting the problem in terms of a “wave equation” yields algorithms with considerably reduced memory needs. We concentrate on the algorithms and present data showing that the methods work well.
Moscow, the Fourth Rome: Stalinism, Cosmopolitanism, and the Evolution of Soviet Culture, 1931–1941. By Katerina Clark. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011. Pp. 420. $35.00.)

In the early sixteenth century, a Russian monk named Filofei of Pskov noted that the first two capitals of Christianity, Rome and Constantinople, had fallen to infidels, thereby leaving Moscow as t...
Women's self‐efficacy and sexually transmitted disease preventive behaviors

Knowledge of sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention, perceived risk for STDs, and self-efficacy for STD prevention were investigated as predictors of behavioral risk for STDs in 308 female college students. Perceived risk and self-efficacy predicted 19% of behavioral risk for STD; knowledge was not a predictor. Self-efficacy was highest for communicating about STD prevention and lowest for refusing sexual intercourse. Interventions that enhance both women's self-efficacy to prevent STDs and accurate risk appraisal are likely to be more effective than those that emphasize only knowledge of prevention techniques.
Relation Between Canonical and Microcanonical Ensembles

The equivalence of averages calculated in canonical and microcanonical ensembles is shown to depend on the validity of a steepest-descent approximation. It is demonstrated that the microcanonical and canonical procedures yield different values for the order parameter below the Curie temperature for spherical model dipole lattices.
Thomson Scattering of Optical Radiation from an Electron Beam

Light from a ruby laser was focused to intersect an electron beam at right angles, and the scattered radiation was observed at an angle THETA = 65 deg with respect to this beam. Intensity of the radiation was 10/sup -18/ of the laser output; detected by a photomultiplier after it passed through an iris and a system of filters. (C.E.S.)
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: Current concepts and recommended practices

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura is the most common autoimmune disorder encountered in the pregnant patient. It is potentially fatal for the mother and fetus yet treatable and potentially curable. Analysis of current perinatal literature reveals not only a great deal of interest and activity in the study of this syndrome and its special problems during pregnancy but also significant controversy. The disease can be acute or chronic and vary in time of onset and severity of manifestations. If not forewarned with an awareness of this disorder's pathogenesis and potential fetal effects particularly in the pregnant woman who has undergone splenectomy, the obstetrician cannot respond appropriately. The usefulness of platelet antibody determinations to facilitate obstetric management decisions is discussed. The importance of cooperative care among the obstetrician, hematologist, and neonatologist is emphasized. Recommendations for management of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy are derived from a review of current concepts of the disorder's pathogenesis, pathophysiology, criteria for diagnosis, and modes of therapy as well as special maternal/fetal considerations of antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum care.
Comment on: Nocturnal Nutritional Supplementation Improves Total Body Protein Status of Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: A Randomized 12-Month Trial

Patients with liver cirrhosis exhibit early onset of gluconeogenesis after short-term fasting. This accelerated metabolic reaction to starvation may underlie their increased protein requirements and muscle depletion. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the hypothesis that provision of a late-evening nutritional supplement over a 12-month period would improve body protein stores in patients with cirrhosis. A total of 103 patients (68 male, 35 female; median age 51, range 28-74; Child-Pugh grading: 52A, 31B, 20C) were randomized to receive either daytime (between 0900 and 1900 hours) or nighttime (between 2100 and 0700 hours) supplementary nutrition (710 kcal/day). Primary etiology of liver disease was chronic viral hepatitis (67), alcohol (15), cholestatic (6), and other (15). Total body protein (TBP) was measured by neutron activation analysis at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Total daily energy and protein intakes were assessed at baseline and at 3 months by comprehensive dietary recall. ...
On Headscarves and Heterogeneity: Reflections on the French Foulard Affair

In February 2004, the French National Assembly passed legislation banning conspicuous religious symbols in school. In March 2004, the law was overwhelmingly passed in the French Senate: all ostentatious forms of religious dress are now forbidden in French schools. Although the law bans all conspicuous religious dress, it is clear that the new law targets students wearing Islamic headscarves. When the law was first proposed, many French Sikhs believed that their children would not be affected because, as one father explained, Sikhs had “never posed a problem”. Even so, headscarves, yarmulkes, turbans, and large crosses are prohibited in public schools.
Application of a data-mining method based on Bayesian networks to lesion-deficit analysis.

Although lesion-deficit analysis (LDA) has provided extensive information about structure-function associations in the human brain, LDA has suffered from the difficulties inherent to the analysis of spatial data, i.e., there are many more variables than subjects, and data may be difficult to model using standard distributions, such as the normal distribution. We herein describe a Bayesian method for LDA; this method is based on data-mining techniques that employ Bayesian networks to represent structure-function associations. These methods are computationally tractable, and can represent complex, nonlinear structure-function associations. When applied to the evaluation of data obtained from a study of the psychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury in children, this method generates a Bayesian network that demonstrates complex, nonlinear associations among lesions in the left caudate, right globus pallidus, right side of the corpus callosum, right caudate, and left thalamus, and subsequent development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, confirming and extending our previous statistical analysis of these data. Furthermore, analysis of simulated data indicates that methods based on Bayesian networks may be more sensitive and specific for detecting associations among categorical variables than methods based on chi-square and Fisher exact statistics.
Diazeniumdiolate-doped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based nitric oxide releasing films as antibiofilm coatings

Nitric oxide (NO) releasing films with a bilayer configuration are fabricated by doping dibutyhexyldiamine diazeniumdiolate (DBHD/N2O2) in a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) layer and further encapsulating this base layer with a silicone rubber top coating. By incorporating pH sensitive dyes within the films, pH changes in the PLGA layer are visualized and correlated with the NO release profiles (flux vs. time). It is demonstrated that PLGA acts as both a promoter and controller of NO release from the coating by providing protons through its intrinsic acid residues (both end groups and monomeric acid impurities) and hydrolysis products (lactic acid and glycolic acid). Control of the pH changes within the PLGA layer can be achieved by adjusting the ratio of DBHD/N2O2 and utilizing PLGAs with different hydrolysis rates. Coatings with a variety of NO release profiles are prepared with lifetimes of up to 15 d at room temperature (23 °C) and 10 d at 37 °C. When incubated in a CDC flow bioreactor for a one week period at RT or 37 °C, all the NO releasing films exhibit considerable antibiofilm properties against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. In particular, compared to the silicone rubber surface alone, an NO releasing film with a base layer of 30 wt% DBHD/N2O2 mixed with poly(lactic acid) exhibits an ∼98.4% reduction in biofilm biomass of S. aureus and ∼99.9% reduction for E. coli at 37 °C. The new diazeniumdiolate-doped PLGA-based NO releasing coatings are expected to be useful antibiofilm coatings for a variety of indwelling biomedical devices (e.g., catheters).
The Rise and Fall of the White Republic: Class Politics and Mass Culture in Nineteenth Century America

In this acclaimed historical study, Alexander Saxton establishes the centrality of white racism to American politics and culture. Examining images of race at a popular level - from blackface minstrelsy to the construction of the Western hero, from grassroots political culture to dime novels - as well as the philosophical constructions of the political elite, it is a powerful and comprehensive account of the ideological forces at work in the formation of modern America.
Dislocation mediated lattice bending in 1,6-di(N-carbazolyl)-2,4 hexadiyne (DCHD) polydiacetylene droplets

Droplets of 1,6–di (N-carbazolyl)-2,4 hexadiyne (DCHD) polydiacetylene were prepared by room temperature evaporation of dilute (0.01 wt. %) solution of the monomer in chloroform onto amorphous carbon-coated mica substrates. High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) revealed small crystallographically textured droplets (∼1 μm diameter) with cracks parallel to the [001] chain direction. The droplet geometry allowed us to investigate the organization of the polymer near surfaces. It was found that the curvature of the droplet edge caused a local bending of the polymer crystal lattice. Direct imaging of the molecular structure near the droplet surface revealed that the mechanism of lattice bending was by the formation of edge dislocations. Dislocations were etched in some droplets to gain information about perturbations in structure and reactivity near the core.
Goodman and Kruskal's TAU-B Statistic: A Nonasymptotic Test of Significance

Goodman and Kruskal's Tbstatistic is frequently employed by sociologists to measure association among categorical polytomies. The test of the null hypothesis Tb = 0 is presently limited to an asymp...
Written Textual Production and Consumption (WTPC) in Vernacular and English-Medium Settings in Gujarat, India.

Abstract This paper attempts a relatively comprehensive sketch of some of the key facets in the larger socioeducational machinery that shapes the written textual production and consumption (WTPC) of “English-medium” (EM) and “vernacular-medium” (VM) students in Gujarat, India. It lays out some ways in which particular macro-structures align together to produce and shape conditions that privilege the WTPC of EM students over their VM counterparts. The paper also addresses some small ways in which institutions and individual faculty work are mitigating the gulf between students socialized in the different mediums of instruction by working indirectly on their WTPC.