cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mission Planner Algorithm for Urban Air Mobility – Initial Performance Characterization

In this paper, an initial characterization was performed of the Mission Planner algorithm developed by NASA for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) operations research. The algorithm plans conflict-free trajectories for flights to support a given set of UAM passenger trips. The UAM trips are planned in an on-demand, first-come, first-served manner, such that any given trip is subject to the constraints imposed by previously planned trips. For this analysis, the mission planning algorithm considered only the trajectory constraints from previously-planned trips in one test condition and added vertiport constraints for the second test condition. The conflict and constraint resolution strategies used by the Mission Planner were characterized by their percentage contribution to planning iterations, their percentage effectiveness in those iterations, and their contributions to the departure delay applied to each UAM trip’s flight. With the exception of the climb and descent vertical speed strategies, most strategies showed reasonable or good performance in all test scenarios. In the test condition with vertipad constraints enabled, both the total number of iterations executed, and the number of flights that required planning iterations, was reduced for all scenarios. This was the result of the natural conditioning of the traffic achieved with scheduling and the additional information available to the Mission Planner from the vertiport scheduler. The next steps for this work will include improvements to the mission planning strategies and analyses with additional constraints and under other demand scenarios.
Anatomical Location of the Infraorbital Foramen in Infant Dry Skulls: Implications for Cleft Surgery.

BACKGROUND Infraorbital foramen (IOF) is an important anatomical landmark in cleft lip surgery. The location of IOF within the maxilla of infants is different from adults. However, little information about anatomy of IOF in infants exists in the literature. This study aims to determine the location of IOF in infant dry skulls based on key surgical landmarks. METHODS All dry skulls under age 2 years old were selected from the Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History (Cleveland, OH). Specimens without cranial bones or complete maxilla were excluded. Seven anatomical measurements were taken on each side of the face for each individual skull (14 measurements for each skull). Anatomical landmarks used for the measurements included infraorbital rim, aperture piriformis, alveolar ridge, zygomaticomaxillary buttress, anterior nasal spine (ANS), and inferolateral corner of the aperture piriformis. RESULTS Twenty-seven halves of 14 dry skulls were included in the final analysis. The mean age of specimens was 0.57 years. Mean distances from infraorbital foramen to infraorbital rim, aperture piriformis, alveolar ridge, zygomaticomaxillary, and ANS buttress were 4.11 ± 0.82, 9.4 ± 1.62, 12.7 ± 2.71, 11.7 ± 1.54, and 18.4 ± 2.11 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION This study also shows that the infraorbital foramen in infants is located at the level of the ANS or within 2 mm higher and that the distance between the infraorbital rim and foramen is only 3 to 4 mm. These findings should be applied to the cleft population with discretion.
An analysis of warrant for rights in records for refugees

This paper argues that personal actualisation of human and personal rights articulated in key internationally recognised policy instruments is significantly impeded without similar recognition of i...
Quantum Critical Higgs: From AdS$_5$ to Colliders

We examine distinctive signatures of Quantum Critical Higgs models at the LHC and future higher energy colliders. In these models the Higgs boson is part of a conformal sector that is softly broken at a threshold scale, and generically the scaling dimension of the Higgs is larger than in the Standard Model. In particular we examine the $gg\to H \to ZZ$, $gg\to H\to \gamma\gamma$, and $gg\to Z\to HZ$ channels to see how the cross sections deviate from the Standard Model in the high invariant mass region. In order to perform the calculations we use 5D duals of Quantum Critical Higgs models using the AdS/CFT correspondence, with a soft wall to break the conformal symmetry.
A Shared Understanding: Redefining "Sharing" from a Consumer Perspective

The word “sharing” has been adopted by marketing practitioners and academics to explain a variety of market-based phenomena, leading to confusion around its meaning. Across four studies, the curren...
Hypertension induces glomerulosclerosis in phospholipase C-ε1 deficiency

Loss-of-function mutations in phospholipase C-e1 (PLCE1) have been detected in patients with nephrotic syndrome, but other family members with the same mutation were asymptomatic, suggesting additional stressor are required to cause the full phenotype. Consistent with these observations, we determined that global Plce1-deficient mice have histologically normal glomeruli and no albuminuria at baseline. Angiotensin II (ANG II) is known to induce glomerular damage in genetically susceptible individuals. Therefore, we tested whether ANG II enhances glomerular damage in Plce1-deficient mice. ANG II increased blood pressure equally in Plce1-deficient and wild-type littermates. Additionally, it led to 20-fold increased albuminuria and significantly more sclerotic glomeruli in Plce1-deficient mice compared with wild-type littermates. Furthermore, Plce1-deficient mice demonstrated diffuse mesangial expansion, podocyte loss, and focal podocyte foot process effacement. To determine whether these effects are mediated by hypertension and hyperfiltration, rather than directly through ANG II, we raised blood pressure to a similar level using DOCA + salt + uninephrectomy and norepinephrine. This caused a fivefold increase in albuminuria in Plce1-deficient mice and a significant increase in the number of sclerotic glomeruli. Consistent with previous findings in mice, we detected strong PLCE1 transcript expression in podocytes using single cell sequencing of human kidney tissue. In hemagglutinin-tagged Plce1 transgenic mice, Plce1 was detected in podocytes and also in glomerular arterioles using immunohistochemistry. Our data demonstrate that Plce1 deficiency in mice predisposes to glomerular damage secondary to hypertensive insults.
Considering fault interaction in estimates of absolute stress along faults in the San Gorgonio Pass region, southern California

Present-day shear tractions along faults of the San Gorgonio Pass region can be estimated from stressing rates provided by three-dimensional forward crustal deformation models. Modeled dextral shear stressing rates on the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults differ from rates resolved from the regional loading due to fault interaction. In particular, fault patches with similar orientations and depths on the two faults show different stressing rates. We estimate the present-day, evolved fault tractions along faults of the San Gorgonio Pass region using the time since last earthquake, fault stressing rates (which account for fault interaction), and co-seismic models of the impact of recent nearby earthquakes. The evolved tractions differ significantly from the resolved regional tractions, with the largest dextral traction located within the restraining bend comprising the pass, which has not had recent earthquakes, rather than outside of the bend, which is more preferentially oriented under tectonic loading. Evolved fault tractions can provide more accurate initial conditions for dynamic rupture models within regions of complex fault geometry, such as the San Gorgonio Pass region. An analysis of the time needed to accumulate shear tractions that exceed typical earthquake stress drops shows that present-day tractions already exceed 3 MPa along portions of the Banning, Garnet Hill, and Mission Creek strands of the San Andreas fault. This result highlights areas that may be near failure if accumulated tractions equivalent to typical earthquake stress drops precipitate failure.
“Newtered”: The Contract with America Era

In this chapter, I use archival data and oral history interviews to analyze the ways in which the rise of the political-economic narrative of the “Contract With America,” that arose after the push for Clinton Health Security during the second Presidential term of Bill Clinton, shaped the context and thus the mobilization efforts of the Single Payer Movement. In this era, single-payer organizations experienced an abeyance period which involved a downturn in activity, organizational breakages, and a shift away from support for single-payer. Some within the movement called this the start of the “dark ages” for healthcare reform.
Mapping the intangible: forensic human rights documentation in post-conflict Uganda

Practical approaches and standardisation of forensic human rights anthropology have been central areas of debate since the origin of the field in 1980s Argentina. However, post-conflict investigati...
Predicted role of secretin and oxytocin in the treatment of behavioral and developmental disorders: implications for autism.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews evidence that two neuropeptides—secretin and oxytocin—are critical in the conditioning of infant adaptive behavioral patterns and that peptidergic mechanisms are abnormal in developmental disorders, such as autism. The clinical observations in the treatment of autism justify the role of peptides in the neurological manifestations of visceral diseases encompassing emotional/visceral brain regions abnormal in autism. The studies have thus demonstrated that (1) visceral inflammation activates visceral/emotional brain regions in areas known to be abnormal in autism, (2) secretin, like oxytocin, activates many of the same visceral/emotional brain regions that are dysregulated in chronic cerebral and visceral disorders, such as autism, (3) a structural basis for the mechanisms of action of secretin and oxytocin was clarified (4) secretin as well as oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus and may act on structures involved in the pathophysiology of autism (5) secretin and oxytocin localize to perivascular and subependymal regions of the paraventricular hypothalamus, suggesting a chemosensory and secretory function.
Are We Loving Our National Parks to Death? A Call for Research on Crime and Law Enforcement in the U.S. National Park System:

Despite a recent surge of visitation and frequent media accounts of lawlessness in America’s national parks, little empirical research has been dedicated to crime and law enforcement in the U.S. na...
Medical brain drain from Western Balkan and Croatia to Germany and Austria – an approach to the digital demography

Background: In this paper, we show that the tools of digital demography, such as the Google Trends (GT) can be very useful for determining, estimating, and predicting the migration of healthcare workers as well as for further predictions of the general interest in emigration. Objective: This paper analyses recent trends in the mobility of health workers in Europe and focuses specifically on the patterns of mobility among medical doctors and nurses from Western Balkans and Croatia to Germany and Austria. It identifies the drivers of this mobility and shows how to predict further migration of this stuff. In the last 10 years, every fourth nurse has emigrated from the Croatian health system - to Germany, while according to projections Croatia will lose as much as 1/3 of all doctors in the next five years. Methods: A special problem in the analysis of the emigration of healthcare workers from the Western Balkans and Croatia is the fact that there is no system for monitoring this process. Official data up to three years late, and exist only for persons who have deregistered from the state system. The basic methodological concept of our approach is to monitor the digital trace of language searches with the Google Trends analytical tool (trends.google.com). Initially, keywords were chosen by brainstorming possible words that we believed to be predictive, specific, and common enough for use in the forecasting of migration of healthcare professionals. To standardize the data, we requested the data for the period from Dec. 2015 to Dec. 2020 and divided the keyword frequency for each word giving us a search frequency index. Then we have compared searches with official statistics to prove the significations of results and correlations. Results: In Croatia search activities using GT for terms such as Bewerbung (job application), Arbeit (work), Krankenschwester, Bewerbung (nurses, job application) correlate strongly with officially Germans data for emigrants from Croatia. The data collected by this method correlate with official data, which allows reliable forecasts for the future. Austria will soon become one of the most desirable emigration destinations for Croats, especially for healthcare workers. Simultaneously, the emigration of Croatian citizens to Germany will continue. Conclusion: Understanding why health care personnel emigrate from Western Balkans and Croatia and which are the consequences of this process are key to enable state agencies and government to develop optimal intervention strategies to retain medical staff. The benefit of this method is reliable estimates that can enable state agencies and the government to prepare and better respond to a possible shortage of healthcare workers and to protect the functioning of the health system.
Magnetic properties of the Ising-like rare earth pyrosilicate: D-Er2Si2O7.

Ising-like spin-1/2 magnetic materials are of interest for their ready connection to theory, particularly in the context of quantum critical behavior. In this work we report detailed studies of the magnetic properties of a member of the rare earth pyrosilicate family, D-Er2Si2O7, which is known to display a highly anisotropic Ising-likeg-tensor and effective spin-1/2 magnetic moments. We used powder neutron diffraction, powder inelastic neutron spectroscopy (INS), and single crystal AC susceptibility to characterize its magnetic properties. Neutron diffraction enabled us to determine the magnetic structure below the known transition temperature (TN= 1.9 K) in zero field, confirming that the magnetic state is a four-sublattice antiferromagnetic structure with two non-collinear Ising axes, as was previously hypothesized. Our powder INS data revealed a gapped excitation at zero field, consistent with anisotropic (possibly Ising) exchange. An applied field of 1 T produces a mode softening, which is consistent with a field-induced second order phase transition. To assess the relevance of D-Er2Si2O7to the transverse field Ising model, we performed AC susceptibility measurements on a single crystal with the magnetic field oriented in the direction transverse to the Ising axes. This revealed a transition at 2.65 T at 0.1 K, a field significantly higher than the mode-softening field observed by powder INS, showing that the field-induced phase transitions are highly field-direction dependent as expected. These measurements suggest that D-Er2Si2O7may be a candidate for further exploration related to the transverse field Ising model.
Analyzing the changes in the psychological profile of professional League of Legends players during competition

Abstract The objectives of the research were to analyze the differences in the pre- and post-game mood of players as a function of the outcome; to establish the differences in anxiety and self-confidence as a function of the outcome, the opponent's ranking and the outcome of the previous game; and to determine the relationship between performance variables and post-game mood of professional LOL players. The participants were the players of the starting League of Legends team of UCAM esports. Data collection was carried out during eighteen games belonging to the spring split of SuperLiga Orange. POMS and CSAI-2 questionnaire, and Polar H10 HR sensors were the instrument used to obtain information about the players during the matches. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS statistical package (v.25.0) and a value of p
Clinical Aspects of Parkinson Disease

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses clinical aspects of Parkinson disease (PD). PD is the type of Parkinsonism that is most commonly encountered by the general clinician. The great majority of cases of PD are sporadic, without any other family members being affected. One of the great advances in the last decade is that several gene mutations have been discovered to cause PD. But these monogenetic causes do not explain the great majority of sporadic cases. Environmental factors of an unknown nature and the combination of genetic and environmental risk factors are considered to play a role in the etiology of PD. The symptoms of PD begin insidiously and worsen gradually over time. They typically begin on one side of the body, rather than bilaterally, before eventually spreading to involve the other side. The most common initial symptom recognized by the patient is tremor of a hand or foot when that limb is at rest, called tremor-at-rest or resting tremor with a frequency of about 4 Hz. This chapter begins with discussing clinical features of Parkinson disease. The chapter then explains basic concepts related to diagnosis and differential diagnosis. The chapter concludes with a discussion on treatment options available for the PD.
Alcator C-MOD

The Alcator C-MOD tokamak at MIT is beginning operation. The device features flexible shaping of noncircular, diverted plasmas, strong ICRF heating, and many innovative engineering features to achieve high performance in a compact device with manned access to the interior of the vacuum vessel. The authors touch upon several of the more innovative aspects of the engineering design. Attention is given to the toroidal field magnet, the vacuum chamber, the poloidal field magnets, the first wall, the power system, the control system, and the radiation shielding. >
Brain Stimulation and the Role of the Right Hemisphere in Aphasia Recovery

Aphasia is a common consequence of left hemisphere stroke and causes a disabling loss of language and communication ability. Current treatments for aphasia are inadequate, leaving a majority of aphasia sufferers with ongoing communication difficulties for the rest of their lives. In the past decade, two forms of noninvasive brain stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation, have emerged as promising new treatments for aphasia. The most common brain stimulation protocols attempt to inhibit the intact right hemisphere based on the hypothesis that maladaptive activity in the right hemisphere limits language recovery in the left. There is now sufficient evidence to demonstrate that this approach, at least for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, improves specific language abilities in aphasia. However, the biological mechanisms that produce these behavioral improvements remain poorly understood. Taken in the context of the larger neurobiological literature on aphasia recovery, the role of the right hemisphere in aphasia recovery remains unclear. Additional research is needed to understand biological mechanisms of recovery, in order to optimize brain stimulation treatments for aphasia. This article summarizes the current evidence on noninvasive brain stimulation methods for aphasia and the neuroscientific considerations surrounding treatments using right hemisphere inhibition. Suggestions are provided for further investigation and for clinicians whose patients ask about brain stimulation treatments for aphasia.
Analysis of RIM11, a yeast protein kinase that phosphorylates the meiotic activator IME1.

Abstract Many yeast genes that are essential for meiosis are expressed only in meiotic cells. Known regulators of early meiotic genes include IME1, which is required for their expression, and SIN3 and UME6, which prevent their expression in nonmeiotic cells. We report here the molecular characterization of the RIM11 gene, which we find is required for expression of several early meiotic genes. A close functional relationship between RIM11 and IME1 is supported by two observations. First, sin3 and ume6 mutations are epistatic to rim11 mutations; prior studies have demonstrated their epistasis to ime1 mutations. Second, overexpression of RIM11 can suppress an ime1 missense mutation (ime1-L321F) but not an ime1 deletion. Sequence analysis indicates that RIM11 specifies a protein kinase related to rat glycogen synthase kinase 3 and the Drosophila shaggy/zw3 gene product. Three partially defective rim11 mutations alter residues involved in ATP binding or catalysis, and a completely defective rim11 mutation alters a tyrosine residue that corresponds to the site of an essential phosphorylation for glycogen synthase kinase 3. Immune complexes containing a hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged RIM11 derivative, HA-RIM11, phosphorylate two proteins, p58 and p60, whose biological function is undetermined. In addition, HA-RIM11 immune complexes phosphorylate a functional IME1 derivative but not the corresponding ime1-L321F derivative. We propose that RIM11 stimulates meiotic gene expression through phosphorylation of IME1.
Representation of process trends—IV. Induction of real-time patterns from operating data for diagnosis and supervisory control

Abstract A methodology for pattern-based supervisory control and fault diagonsis is presented, based on the multi-scale extraction of trends from process data described in Part III of this series (Bakshi and Stephanopoulos, Computers Chem. Engng 17, 1993). An explicit mapping is learned between the features extracted at multiple scales, and the corresponding process conditions, using the technique of induction by decision trees. Simple rules may be derived from the induced decision tree, to relate the relevant qualitative or quantitative features in the measured process data to process conditions. These rules are often physically interpretable and provide physical insight into the process. Industrial case studies from fine chemicals manufacturing, reactive crystallization and fed-batch fermentation are used to illustrate the characteristics of the pattern-based learning methodology and its application to process supervision and diagnosis.
Extreme Dieting Behaviors in Early Adolescence

A slide show with audio taped narration of two case stories involving eating disorders was presented to 4th-, 5th- and 6th-grade school children. Students completed a series of questions about their eating behaviors and compared their eating to that of the case subjects, who served as frames of reference for such constructs as "binging. " Between 3% and 4% of girls reported self-induced vomiting and/or secretly throwing away food to avoid gaining weight. The case story method seems to provide a means for students to qualitatively assess their eating behavior relative to an external frame of reference. Teachers and other professionals working with early adolescents should be aware that dieting behaviors are clearly emerging in elementary school. The methodology used in the present study has utility not only for screening persons who may be at risk for eating disorders, but also for psycho educational programs in health and nutrition.
Tone response patterns of the auditory nuclei during normal wakefulness, paralysis, and anesthesia.

Summary 1. In a series of 8 adult cats, electrodes were chronically implanted in the cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus, and medial geniculate body, pars principalis. Multiple unit responses to 1.5 sec duration tones were subsequently recorded in the normal waking state, during gallamine paralysis and during barbiturate anesthesia. The unit activity was quantitated by frequency integration and recordings during successive tone presentations were subjected to CAT analysis to provide an average response pattern. 2. In the cochlear nucleus an onset burst of increased activity was abruptly depressed after approximately 70 msec. Desynchronized acceleration of unit discharge subsequently appeared at some sites while at others a response occurred which closely followed the frequency of the tone stimulus. With tone cessation a sharp return to the prestimulus activity level occurred. 3. The tone responses of the interior colliculus showed a greater variability and complexity but 3 general patterns could be described. Following an onset burst of increased discharge, the subsequent activity showed either a sustained acceleration (pattern I), a return to prestimulus activity levels (pattern II), or a sustained inhibition (pattern III). With tone cessation offset responses of marked inhibition (pattern I) or acceleration (pattern II) occurred. 4. In the medial geniculate body responses to tone were more difficult to elicit than at the lower levels. Onset burst were rapidly adapting and the subsequent activity either returned to the prestimulus level or showed inhibition. With tone cessation offset bursts of acceleration were frequently present. 5. During neuromuscular paralysis, the characteristic sharp decrease 70 msec after tone onset disappeared at all sites, an effect interpreted as a result of middle ear muscle paralysis. In the cochlear nucleus, responses of desynchronized acceleration shifted to frequency following responses and inhibition in collicular and geniculate responses shifted toward acceleration. Little or no accompanying change in the frequency of background activity occurred. 6. Tone response patterns similar to those elicited during paralysis were recorded during barbiturate anesthesia. Background activity was markedly reduced at the more central auditory sites. 7. It is concluded that by quantitating the fast activity of the auditory nuclei, net effects of tone stimulation can be summarized as distinctive patterns which change progressively as the auditory system is ascended. Alterations in the behavioral state of the animal induce changes in these response patterns and/or in the background activity.
Emission of K x rays and division of nuclear charge in the spontaneous fission of 252 Cf

Measurements of the energies of the prompt $K$ x rays emitted by the fragments in the spontaneous fission of $^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$ have been made which give information concerning the division of nuclear charge in fission. The kinetic energies of the pairs of fragments and the coincident $K$ x rays emitted along the direction of fragment motion were recorded event by event, using a multiparameter analyzer. The energies of the fragments were measured by two semiconductor detectors, and the x-ray energies were measured with a lithium-drifted silicon detector operated at dry-ice temperature. The energy resolution of the x-ray detector as measured in terms of the full width at half-maximum of the 59.57-keV line of $^{241}\mathrm{Am}$ was 3.5 keV. The data were analyzed to obtain (a) the most probable charge versus the fragment mass, (b) the x ray yield per fragment versus the fragment mass and charge, and (c) the average half-life for x-ray emission versus the fragment mass and charge. The measured x-ray emission times and the variation of the x-ray yield per fragment with the fragment mass are found to be consistent with the view that these x rays are emitted as a result of the internal-conversion process during the de-excitation of the fragment nuclei. In the heavy group, the abrupt rise in the x-ray yield at fragment mass 144 appears to be connected with the onset of large stable nuclear deformations of fragment nuclei at neutron number about 88. The measured x-ray yield from the light-fragment group suggests that most of these nuclei make up a new region of deformation. The observed variation of the most probable charge with the fragment-mass ratio over a limited mass region is found to be very similar to that obtained in radiochemical studies of the thermal fission of $^{235}\mathrm{U}$.
Generalized phase-field model for computer simulation of grain growth in anisotropic systems

We study the dynamics and morphology of grain growth with anisotropic energy and mobility of grain boundaries using a generalized phase-field model. In contrast to previous studies, both inclination and misorientation of the boundaries are considered. The model is first validated against exact analytical solutions for the classical problem of an island grain embedded in an infinite matrix. We find that large mobility anisotropy and small grain boundary energy anisotropy both have comparable effects on grain shape. In a polycrystalline system with large mobility anisotropy, we find that the system evolves in a non-self-similar manner leading to grain shape anisotropy, although the average grain area grows linearly with time, as in an isotropic system.
A maximum-complexity theorem for nondynamical parity tests

It is shown that in order to determine nondynamically the product of intrinsic parities in a four-particle reaction, it is sufficient to measure multipole moments of order only about half as high as the highest possible allowed by the spins of the participating particles. A procedure is outlined for the construction of such parity experiments.
Salmonella type III effector SopB modulates host cell exocytosis

Salmonella enterica pathogenesis is dependent on its ability to enter and replicate inside host cells. Replication occurs inside the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV), a vacuolar compartment that is modified by bacterial effectors secreted through the two type III secretion systems (T3SS-1 and T3SS-2). Type III effectors interact with the host cell endocytic pathway to aid replication. We investigated whether Salmonella effector proteins may also interact with the host's exocytic pathway. A secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) assay indicated three Salmonella effectors inhibited the secretory pathway, although only Salmonella outer protein B (SopB) was confirmed to block exocytosis using a vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein-green fluorescent protein (VSVG-GFP) transport assay. The 4-phosphatase activity of SopB was crucial to its effect on exocytosis. The interaction with the secretory pathway could potentially be important for providing replicating Salmonella with nutrients, contributing membrane material necessary for SCV biogenesis, altering antibacterial peptide/protein secretion or manipulating cell surface proteins important in the host response to infection.
Reply to Goodman et al.: Imaging protein synthesis with puromycin and the subcellular localization of puromycin-polypeptide conjugates

The antibiotic puromycin attaches covalently to the C terminus of nascent polypeptide chains, causing their premature termination and rapid dissociation from ribosomes. This mechanism allows the use of puromycin to assay protein synthesis in cells by detection of polypeptide–puromycin conjugates with tritiated puromycin (1), antipuromycin antibodies (2), or clickable O-propargyl-puromycin (3). Although antipuromycin antibodies work well on blots and for FACS analysis (2), they reveal a subcellular pattern of puromycin conjugates that is significantly different from the pattern of the methionine analog homopropargylglycine (4), O-propargyl-puromycin (3), and tritiated puromycin (1) (see below). The letter by … [↵][1]1E-mail: asalic{at}hms.harvard.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Interactively exploring geotemporal relationships in demographic data via stretch projections

This paper investigates the interactive projection of multivariate space-time data. Specifically, it investigates how complex datasets containing elements situated in space and time that include additional variables can be interactively explored to support effective multivariate geotemporal analyses. Given that substantive analyses of space-time trajectory data will likely be concerned with additional variables beyond space and time, we propose a novel technique, stretch projections, that allows trajectory positions to be determined by an arbitrary number of variables in a multidimensional space-time dataset. We present StretchPlot, an interactive prototype that allows multidimensional space-time trajectory data to be projected into a two-dimensional space according to multiple user-defined coordinate vectors. The StretchPlot tool is demonstrated using a large multidimensional space-time dataset that combines the trajectories of touring musicians with demographic data related to the locations of their performances. Examples are shown which identify relationships between multiple dimensions of space, time, and additional demographic variables, indicating that the use of of stretch projections may be useful for the exploratory analysis of multidimensional geotemporal data.
Optical Modal Deformation Sensor For Heterodyne Interferometry

A sensor system based on the principle of the heterodyne interferometer can be used to sense modal deformations of optical surfaces. This paper describes significant characteristics of these optical mode sensors and optical configurations appropriate to sense piston, tilts, focus, and higher order modes like astigmatism, coma, and spherical aberration. Electronic processing of sensor signals to extract the optical mode magnitudes is described. Then the system is applied to the problem of real-time removal of dynamic tilts produced by air turbulence and mechanical vibrations in the phase data measured by a broad beam hetero-dyne interferometer.
Protein kinase Cgamma regulation of gap junction activity through caveolin-1-containing lipid rafts.

Purpose To demonstrate the interactions of PKCgamma with caveolin (Cav)-1 and connexin(Cx)43 in lipid rafts and its regulation of gap junctions. Methods N/N1003A lens epithelial cells, bovine primary lens epithelial cells, and stably transfected N/N1003A lens epithelial cells were used. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis were used to detect protein expression and their interactions. Cav-1-containing lipid rafts and redistribution of Cav-1, PKCgamma, and Cx43 were analyzed by sucrose gradients and by consequent Western blot analysis. Cell surface gap junction Cx43 plaques were detected by confocal microscopy. PKCgamma activity was measured with a PKC assay kit. Results Cav-1 and -2 were found in N/N1003A and bovine primary lens epithelial cells. Cx43 was associated with Cav-1 in lipid rafts. Phorbol ester (TPA) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 recruited PKCgamma into Cav-1-containing lipid rafts and stimulated the interactions of PKCgamma with Cav-1 and Cx43. TPA and IGF-1 induced redistribution of Cav-1 and Cx43 from light-density fractions to higher density fractions on sucrose gradients. PKCgamma redistributed with Cav-1- and Cx43-containing fractions on stimulation with TPA or IGF-1. Overexpression of PKCgamma-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) increased the interaction of PKCgamma-EGFP with Cav-1 and Cx43 and decreased gap junction Cx43 plaques without exogenous growth factors. Overexpression of a loss-of-function PKCgamma mutant did not decrease gap junction Cx43 plaques or cause redistribution in lipid rafts, even though the PKCgamma mutant still interacted with Cav-1 and Cx43. Conclusions Activation of PKCgamma by TPA or IGF-1 stimulated the interaction of PKCgamma with Cav-1 and Cx43 in lipid rafts, causing Cx43, Cav-1, and PKCgamma to redistribute within the lipid rafts, and this resulted in a decrease in gap junction plaques.
The graded and quantal nature of opioid analgesia in the rat tailflick assay

Opioid agonists routinely increase the latency to respond in the rodent tailflick assay. The nature of this effect was investigated in 5 experiments using several parametric variations and routes of administration. Morphine and methadone were found to produce both quantal and graded effects in all experiments. In cases where quantal effects were observed, the majority of animals also responded in a graded manner during subsequent testing. The increase in latency to respond in the tailflick assay produced by opioid agonists is not accurately characterized as predominantly quantal.
Case studies’ effect on undergraduates’ achievement, attitudes, and team shared mental models in educational psychology

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of case studies on learning outcomes, attitudes toward instructions, and team shared mental models (SMM) in a team-based learning environment in an undergraduate educational psychology course. Approximately 105 students who participated in this study were randomly assigned to either a case-study method or a knowledge-representation method. Students in the case-study treatment group received a case study after instruction, while students in the knowledge-representation treatment group engaged in an activity that did not involve problem solving. It was hypothesized that students in the case-study group would have higher learning outcomes scores, higher attitudes scores, and greater team SMM than students in the knowledge-representation group. Overall, the case-study method was effective as indicated by generally higher learning outcomes and more positive attitudes for the case-study treatment group as compared to the knowledge-representation group. It might be important to consider the order in which each of the instructional methods is given.
Reconstructing European security: Cutting NATO enlargement down to size

(1997). Reconstructing European security: Cutting NATO enlargement down to size. Contemporary Security Policy: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 1-35.
Algoritmi di programmazione lineare per la soluzione di particolari problemi industriali

Two applications of L.P. algorithms to industrial problems are presented: 1) A way of applying the simplex algorithm to the optimization of alloys production is described. An economic comparison is made between the results obtained by mathematical programming and those obtained by empirical planning. 2) A trim loss reduction problem is solved by a modified Balas algorithm. It is shown that this is a typical example of problems which can be solved by integer L.P. methods. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01P1021 00008
Instructional Objectives: A Means to Designing Effective Instructional Sessions for Hospital Librarians

The formal teaching role is becoming an accepted responsibility for the health sciences librarian in hospital libraries as well as at large academic health sciences center libraries. This article explains how to design effective educational sessions by writing clear instructional objectives in behavioral format. After reading this article, the hospital librarian should be able to write simple and clear instructional objectives for teaching MEDLINE(r), arrange the objectives in a logical sequence to structure the teaching experience, and apply them to the evaluation of the learning outcomes.
Chromatic aberration and ocular focus : Fincham revisited

Abstract Longitudinal chromatic aberration of the eye (LCA) produces “color fringes” at edges that specify focus. Fincham [(1951) British Journal of Ophthalmology, 35 , 381–393] concluded that these chromatic effects were important for accommodation, but most investigators disagree. We monitored accommodation in 25 subjects while they viewed a sinusoidally moving target (1.5–2.5 D at 0.2 Hz) in a Badal optometer. The target was monochromatic (590 nm with 10 nm bandwidth), or white (3000 K) with LCA normal, neutralized or reversed. Sensitivity to the effects of LCA is profound and widespread. Gain decreases substantially and phase-lag increases when LCA is eliminated, and reversing the aberration severely disrupts accommodation. The ordered arrangement of spectral foci produced by LCA seems to be a fundamental aspect of the stimulus for “reflex” accommodation.
The velocity and number of the photo-electrons ejected by x-rays as a function of the angle of emission

Magnetic spectra of the electrons ejected by x-rays from thin metallic films at angles ranging from 0° to 180° with the direction of the x-ray beam have been obtained by the method of Robinson, de Broglie, and Whiddington. To the degree of accuracy of the measurements (one-half of one percent) the maximum velocity of ejection is exactly the same in all directions. With thin foils of the heavier elements the number of electrons leaving the foil with this maximum velocity in the various directions (determined by the intensity of the edges) is approximately the same. With radiators of small density, or with sputtered films so thin that Wentzel's criterion for "single" scattering holds, the number of electrons leaving the foil is greatest in a direction a little forward of perpendicular to the direction of the x-ray beam. Rutherford's theory of nuclear scattering applied to electrons gives an explanation of these results if the assumption is made that all the electrons start out from the atom in the same direction.
Charge transfer cross sections for energetic neutral atom data analysis

Energetic neutral atom (ENA) detectors have been successfully flown on missions such as the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) and are now an important tool for probing the geospace environment. Interpretation of ENA data, however, requires knowledge of a number of key charge transfer cross sections. Here we present a critical review of the published experimental measurements and recommend a set of parameterized cross sections. The processes considered are charge transfer of H + and O + with H, O, N 2 , and O 2 for collision energies from 10 eV to 100 keV. The limitations of the measurement techniques and the probable reliability of the recommended cross sections are addressed.
Electroweak tests with τ leptons at LEP

We report on two sensitive tests of lepton universality carried out by the 4 LEP experiments at the Z0 pole. From measurements of the τ polarization in e+ e−→τ+τ−, the ratios of the vector and axial vector coupling constants of the electron and the tau lepton to the weak neutral current are obtained to begve/gae=0.066±0.015 andgVτ/gAτ=0.070±0.009 respectively. From measurement of the τ lifetime and the τ leptonic branching ratios, the ratio of the coupling constants describing weak leptonic decays of the τ and the μ is measured to beGτ/Gμ=0.996±0.008.
Segregation of Transcription and Replication Sites Into Higher Order Domains

Microscopy shows that individual sites of DNA replication and transcription of mammalian nuclei segregate into sets of roughly 22 and 16 higher order domains, respectively. Each domain set displayed a distinct network-like appearance, including regions of individual domains and interdigitation of domains between the two networks. These data support a dynamic mosaic model for the higher order arrangement of genomic function inside the cell nuclei.
Impedance characteristics of coaxial and planar magnetoplasma capacitors

A theory has been developed for the impedance of a homogeneous magnetoplasma enclosed between two specular reflecting coaxial electrodes, with a static magnetic field parallel to the electrode axes. The parallel-plate magnetoplasma capacitor is treated as a sub-case. Starting with the Vlasov equation, an integral equation is derived for the electric field. Solving this equation, and integrating to obtain the voltage, gives the capacitor impedance. This includes a capacitive component, and a resistive component expressing the Landau damping associated with the open orbits of electrons reflected at the electrodes. A direct numerical solution of the field integral equation has been carried out for a range of values of magnetic field, plasma density, and signal frequency. The values of impedance so obtained are compared with the predictions of macroscopic theory, and of an approximate microscopic theory in which open orbits are ignored and solutions are obtained using finite Fourier transform methods. The mathematical relations between these theories are demonstrated.
Comparing thirty-day outcomes in prosthetic and autologous breast reconstruction: a multivariate analysis of 13,082 patients?

Summary Background There is a paucity of multi-institutional data that directly compares short term outcomes of autologous and prosthetic breast reconstruction. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program provides a unique data platform for evaluating peri-operative outcomes of these two main categories of breast reconstruction. It has detailed data from nearly 250 hospitals and over 13,000 patients. We performed risk-adjusted analysis of prosthetic and autologous breast reconstruction to compare 30-day morbidity outcomes. Methods Patients who underwent prosthetic breast reconstruction or autologous tissue reconstruction from 2006 to 2010 were identified using operation descriptions. Over 240 tracked variables were extracted for patients undergoing breast reconstruction. Thirty-day postoperative outcomes were compared, and subgroup analysis was performed on the autologous population to describe outcomes of specific flap procedures. Reconstruction was analyzed as an independent risk factor for specific complications, with propensity scores used to help standardize compared patient populations. Regression analyses were performed using SPSS (version 20.0, Chicago, IL). Results A total of 13,082 patients underwent breast reconstruction; 9786 patients received prosthetic reconstruction and 3296 received autologous reconstruction. Within the autologous cohort, 1608 (48.8%) patients underwent a pedicle TRAM flap, 1079 (32.7%) had a LD flap, and 609 (18.5%) received a free flap. Autologous reconstruction patients had higher rates of overall complications (12.47% vs 5.38%, p p p p Conclusions Using risk-adjusted models of a large multi-institutional database, we found that – relative to prosthetic reconstruction – autologous reconstruction had higher rates of 30-day overall complications, wound infection, prosthesis/flap failure, and reoperation. This may be due, in part, to a concomitant increase in operative time and higher case complexity. Taken with other reports such as NMBRA, this study helps to educate patients and surgeons alike on potential, comparative complications during the perioperative period.
The role of oral cytology in dental practice.

Abstract 1. 1. At present, the best method for obtaining oral cytologic specimens is mechanical scraping of lesions discovered through careful examination. 2. 2. Cytologic examination is not intended as a substitute for the biopsy. It is a means of early cancer detection but not an ultimate diagnostic method. 3. 3. The technique, although basically simple, requires skill in certain steps to assure the best possible sample. 4. 4. Heavily keratinized lesions, reparative proliferations, and connective tissue tumors present problems which diminish the efficacy of exfoliative cytology in the mouth. 5. 5. The prime application of this technique in dental practice should be in the investigation of the innocuous-appearing lesions for which biopsy is not planned or indicated.
Genitalia in human figure drawings: childrearing practices and child sexual abuse.

To replicate and explore the associations of drawing genitalia on a human figure, child-rearing practices, and a history of alleged sexual abuse, we designed a cross-sectional study of 109 alleged child sexual abuse victims, ages 3 through 8 years, and a group of 109 comparison children matched for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status but with no history of abuse. A standardized format was used to collect drawings, administer the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and gather background data on medical, developmental, and child-rearing issues. Seven alleged sexual abuse victims and one comparison child spontaneously drew genitalia ( p =0.02, one-tailed Fisher Exact Test, estimated relative risk 7.96). No differences in drawing maturity (Draw-A-Man score) were identified, although Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores were higher in comparison children (82.1 vs. 91.0, p