cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ambiguity Function Shaping Via Quartic Descent On the Complex Circle Manifold

Controlling the range-Doppler response, i.e. Ambiguity Function (AF) continues to be of great interest in cognitive radar. The design problem is known to be a nonconvex quartic function of the transmit radar waveform. This AF shaping problem becomes even more challenging in the presence of practical constraints on the transmit waveform such as the Constant Modulus Constraint (CMC). Most existing approaches address the aforementioned challenges by suitably modifying or relaxing the design cost function and/or CMC. In a departure from such methods, we develop a solution that involves direct optimization over the non-convex complex circle manifold, i.e. the CMC set. We derive a new update strategy (Quartic-Gradient-Descent (QGD)) that computes an exact gradient of the quartic cost and invokes principles of optimization over manifolds towards an iterative procedure with guarantees of monotonic cost function decrease and convergence. Experimentally, QGD can outperform state of the art approaches for shaping the ambiguity function under CMC while being computationally less expensive.
Ultrahigh-Pressure Behavior of AO2 (A = Sn, Pb, Hf) Compounds

The high-pressure behavior of metal dioxides, AO2, is of wide interest due to their extensive polymorphism. In this study, high-pressure phase transitions in dioxides of selected group 4 and 14 ele...
Nonlinear stability of the encased functionally graded porous cylinders reinforced by graphene nanofillers subjected to pressure loading under thermal effect

Abstract This paper investigates the nonlinear stability of the functionally graded porous (FGP) cylinder reinforced by graphene nanofillers (GNF). Both the pores and GNF are distributed symmetrically in the cross-section of the cylinder. The FGP-GNF cylinder deforms radially-inward only due to the restraint of the tightly-fitting encasement . This radially-inward deformation can be expressed by a cosine function . Associated with the thin-walled shell algorithm and calculus of variation, the nonlinear equilibrium equations are obtained and solved to calculate the critical buckling pressure of the heated FGP-GNF cylinder. Later, numerical verification is accomplished by comparing the numerical and analytical buckling pressure. Furthermore, the present analytical and numerical results are compared with other closed-form predictions when the FGP-GNF cylinder reduces to a homogeneous one. Finally, the main attention is paid to the parameters that may affect the buckling pressure, including the thermal effect, porosity coefficient, weight fraction and geometric shape of the GNF, interface friction , and Young’s modulus of the encasement.
Understanding the Role of Older Sibling Support in the Science Motivation of Latinx Adolescents

Based on the expectancy-value theory, cultural microsystem model, and family systems theory, this study aimed to understand (a) the extent to which Latinx older siblings’ support predicted the high school science motivational beliefs of their younger adolescent sibling, and (b) whether these relations varied based on older siblings’ familism values and gender. This study included data on 104 Latinx adolescents in 9 th grade and their older siblings. Quantitative regression analyses indicated that older siblings with high familism values were more likely to provide higher support. Older siblings’ support did not predict science self-concept or task value for all youth; however, this relation was significant when the older sibling’s familism values were high. Older sibling gender was unrelated to any indicators in this study. These findings suggest that familism values may play a significant positive role in Latinx sibling dyads, with older siblings who are more connected to their family serving as a significant resource to promote science motivation among their younger siblings.
Use of Telehealth to Expand Living Kidney Donation and Living Kidney Donor Transplantation

Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) remains the treatment of choice for suitable candidates with advanced kidney disease. Despite excellent outcomes for living kidney donors, the rate of living kidney donation has remained relatively stable over the past decade despite the growing number of those in need of kidney transplants. Telehealth may represent an opportunity to increase access to evaluation and donation for living donor candidates and improve care and follow-up of living donors. This review discusses current and potential opportunities in the utilization of telehealth throughout the donation process. There are numerous computer-based and mobile application (app) resources for living kidney donor candidates and patients with advanced kidney disease listed for kidney transplantation which provide education on LDKT. Many of these apps allow for home education and interactions to occur without the need for travel. Donor advocacy is being seen increasingly on social media campaigns via apps. Additionally, donor candidates are often able to go online and refer themselves directly to transplant centers which can be done at any time. Finally, the use of mobile apps and telehealth videoconferencing may improve transplant center compliance with postdonation regulatory requirements for living kidney donors. Although regulatory, reimbursement, and privacy requirements will need to be addressed, telehealth appears to be an important opportunity to engage living kidney donor candidates and donors. By increasing living donor recruitment and LDKT, the widening chasm of organ supply and demand may narrow.
Global Warming, Climate Change, and Environmental Pollution: Recipe for a Multifactorial Stress Combination Disaster

Global warming, climate change, and environmental pollution present plants with unique combinations of different abiotic and biotic stresses. Although much is known about how plants acclimate to each of these individual stresses, little is known about how they respond to a combination of many of these stress factors occurring together, namely a multifactorial stress combination. Recent studies revealed that increasing the number of different co-occurring multifactorial stress factors causes a severe decline in plant growth and survival, as well as in the microbiome biodiversity that plants depend upon. This effect should serve as a dire warning to our society and prompt us to decisively act to reduce pollutants, fight global warming, and augment the tolerance of crops to multifactorial stress combinations.
Immune Activation Induces Telomeric DNA Damage and Promotes Short-Lived Effector T Cell Differentiation in Chronic HCV Infection.

Background and aims Hepatitis C virus (HCV) leads to a high rate of chronic infection and T cell dysfunction. Although it is well known that chronic antigenic stimulation is a driving force for impaired T cell functions, the precise mechanisms underlying immune activation-induced T cell dysfunctions during HCV infection remain elusive. Approach and results Here, we demonstrated that circulating CD4+ T cells from patients who are chronically HCV-infected exhibit an immune activation status, as evidenced by the overexpression of cell activation markers human leukocyte antigen-antigen D-related, glucose transporter 1, granzyme B, and the short-lived effector marker CD127- killer cell lectin-like receptor G1+ . In contrast, the expression of stem cell-like transcription factor T cell factor 1 and telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) are significantly reduced in CD4+ T cells from patients who are chronically HCV-infected compared with healthy participants (HP). Mechanistic studies revealed that CD4+ T cells from participants with HCV exhibit phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling hyperactivation on T cell receptor stimulation, promoting proinflammatory effector cell differentiation, telomeric DNA damage, and cellular apoptosis. Inhibition of Akt signaling during T cell activation preserved the precursor memory cell population and prevented inflammatory effector cell expansion, DNA damage, and apoptotic death. Moreover, knockdown of TRF2 reduced HP T cell stemness and triggered telomeric DNA damage and cellular apoptosis, whereas overexpression of TRF2 in CD4 T cells prevented telomeric DNA damage. Conclusions These results suggest that modulation of immune activation through inhibiting Akt signaling and protecting telomeres through enhancing TRF2 expression may open therapeutic strategies to fine tune the adaptive immune responses in the setting of persistent immune activation and inflammation during chronic HCV infection.
Rare oral lesions from cytomegalovirus in kidney transplant.

A 47-year-old man with a history of deceased donor kidney transplant in May 2019 was admitted with odynophagia, pancytopaenia and neutropaenic fever. He had new tongue lesions ongoing for 2 weeks. Examination showed a 3×3 cm elevated, adherent plaque (figure 1). He has a history of resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) viraemia with failed therapy to low-dose valganciclovir, ganciclovir and letermovir. Foscarnet led to undetectable CMV viral load, but the treatment was complicated with acute renal injury, and he was transitioned to a high-dose valganciclovir. We held his valganciclovir on admission as his CMV PCR was <50 IU/mL and …
Natural language processing for the assessment of cardiovascular disease comorbidities: The cardio-Canary comorbidity project.

Objective Accurate ascertainment of comorbidities is paramount in clinical research. While manual adjudication is labor-intensive and expensive, the adoption of electronic health records enables computational analysis of free-text documentation using natural language processing (NLP) tools. Hypothesis We sought to develop highly accurate NLP modules to assess for the presence of five key cardiovascular comorbidities in a large electronic health record system. Methods One-thousand clinical notes were randomly selected from a cardiovascular registry at Mass General Brigham. Trained physicians manually adjudicated these notes for the following five diagnostic comorbidities: hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke/transient ischemic attack. Using the open-source Canary NLP system, five separate NLP modules were designed based on 800 "training-set" notes and validated on 200 "test-set" notes. Results Across the five NLP modules, the sentence-level and note-level sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value was always greater than 85% and was most often greater than 90%. Accuracy tended to be highest for conditions with greater diagnostic clarity (e.g. diabetes and hypertension) and slightly lower for conditions whose greater diagnostic challenges (e.g. myocardial infarction and embolic stroke) may lead to less definitive documentation. Conclusion We designed five open-source and highly accurate NLP modules that can be used to assess for the presence of important cardiovascular comorbidities in free-text health records. These modules have been placed in the public domain and can be used for clinical research, trial recruitment and population management at any institution as well as serve as the basis for further development of cardiovascular NLP tools.
Mechanical loading and parathyroid hormone effects and synergism in bone vary by site and modeling/remodeling regime.

Abstract Intermittent injections of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and mechanical loading are both known to effect a net increase in bone mass. Fundamentally, bone metabolism can be divided into modeling (uncoupled formation or resorption) and remodeling (subsequent formation biologically coupled to resorption in space and time). Methods to delineate the bone response between these regimes are scant but have garnered recent attention and acceptance, and will be critical tools to properly assess short- and long-term efficacy of osteoporosis treatments. To this end, we employ a time-lapse micro-computed tomography strategy to quantify and localize modeling and remodeling volumes over 4 weeks of concurrent PTH treatment and mechanical loading. Modeled and remodeled volumes are probed for differences with respect to treatment, loading, and interactions thereof in trabecular and cortical bone compartments, which were further separated by plate/rod microarchitecture and periosteal/endosteal surfaces, respectively. Loading effects are further considered independently with regard to localized strain environments. Our findings indicate that in trabecular bone, PTH and loading stimulate anabolic modeling additively, and remodeling synergistically. PTH tends to lead to bone accumulation indiscriminate of trabecular microarchitecture, whereas loading tends to more strongly affect plates than rods. The cortical surfaces responded uniquely to PTH and loading, with synergistic effects on the periosteal surface for anabolic modeling, and on the endosteal surface for catabolic modeling. The increase in catabolic modeling due to loading, which is enhanced by PTH, is concentrated to areas of the endosteal surface under low strain and to our knowledge has not previously been reported. Taken together, the effects of PTH, loading, and their interactions, are shown to be dependent on the specific bone compartment and metabolic regime; this may explain some discrepancies in previously-reported findings.
Unified Finite Element Approach for Dynamic Thermal Stress Analysis

A unified finite element approach for the analysis of thermomechanical behaviors of solids and structures is summarized. The approach is convenient for code development and has the capability of handling strong coupling between the thermal and mechanical responses. Numerical examples are given for the thermal shock problems in an elastic medium subjected to biaxial states of stress.
CORPORATIONS, PARTNERSHIPS, AND ASSOCIATIONS Investment Advisory Business: Regulate

The Act amends the Georgia Securities Act of 1973 to provide for the regulation of the investment advisory industry by requiring the registration of investment advisers and investment adviser representatives. The Act further provides for examinations; registration and renewal fees; the refusal, denial, and revocation of registration; bonds; the keeping of records and accounts, and the examination of these materials by representatives of the commissioner; rules, regulations, investigations, and hearings (including notice and opportunity for such hearings); cooperation with other jurisdictions; administrative, civil, and criminal actions; civil liability; and penalties for violations.
Distribution of the Phosphoenolpyruvate:Glucose Phosphotransferase System in Bacteria

A survey of the occurrence of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent glucose phosphotransferase system was carried out in a number of bacteria, representing both gram-positive and gram-negative facultative anaerobic and strictly aerobic types. The system was found to be present in representatives of genera that are characteristically facultative anaerobes, but the system was absent in members of those genera that are strictly aerobic. Thus, although the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system is an important system for the transport of sugars in bacteria carrying out anaerobic glycolysis, it plays no role in sugar transport by those organisms having a strictly oxidative physiology. A fundamentally different system, probably not involving phosphorylation during transport, is indicated in this latter group.
Sampling-based robust multi-lateral filter for depth enhancement

Depth maps are an integral component of 3D video processing. They have a number of uses, including view synthesis for multi-view video, human computer interaction, augmented reality, and 3D scene reconstruction. However, depth maps are often captured at low quality or low resolution due to sensor hardware limitations or estimation errors. In this paper, we propose a new method to enhance noisy or low-resolution depth maps using high-resolution color images. Our method is based on sample selection and refinement in conjunction with multi-lateral filtering, a method derived from joint bilateral filtering using a new weighting metric. Our experimental results verify that the proposed method performs very well in comparison to existing methods.
Differences in Computer Attitudes and Performance Among Re-entry and Traditional College Students

AbstractThis article describes a study conducted to compare the attitudes and performance of re-entry and traditional college students enrolled in a computer literacy course. The attitudes of these students toward learning about computers were assessed before participation in the course, and the students’ computer knowledge and their performance of computer skills were examined after they participated in the course. Results suggest that re-entry students have greater confidence and somewhat more interest in learning about computers than do traditional students. In addition, re-entry students outperformed their traditional-student counterparts on computer knowledge objectives. Both groups performed equally well on computer skill objectives. Implications for educators who teach college computer courses are discussed.
Simulation and analysis of cascading failures on an NPCC power system test bed

This paper develops a test bed based on the Northeastern Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) 48-machine, 140-bus power system model for simulating cascading failures. Then, the paper uses the test bed to demonstrate the interaction model recently proposed by [1] for analyzing cascading failures, identifying key linkages between component failures, and predict propagation of failures. For the NPCC test bed, a new efficient method is proposed to determine line flow limits as critical parameters in cascading failures simulation. Then, those limits are utilized in AC-OPA to generate a database of cascades. Finally, the interaction model is derived based on the database to extract key knowledge on cascades, which can be used for online analysis and simulation of cascading failures.
Structures Suggesting Cell-Wall-Deficient Forms Detected in Circulating Erythrocytes by Fluorochrome Staining

Cell-wall-deficient (CWD) forms of bacteria are associated with certain cases of idiopathic septicemia. In this preliminary study of blood examined immediately after venipuncture, structures with a morphology characteristic of CWD forms were seen parasitizing the erythrocytes. These inclusions were usually circumferential, but in some cases they protruded from the red cells. The CWD forms were detected by staining with Gould's rhodamine-labeled muramidase, which reacted similarly to acridine orange but with greater specificity. A blocking test, employing unlabeled muramidase, indicated the specificity of the reaction between muramidase and the microbial substrate. Reaction of the forms with muramidase indicates their bacterial, rather than mycoplasmal, nature. Thus in vivo CWD forms have a detectable component of muramic acid, at least in certain cases. Sixty-eight individuals with a diagnosis of fever of unknown origin were tested, with 51 nondebilitated individuals serving as controls. More intraerythrocytic forms reacting with muramidase were found in the patients than in the controls. Nearly 40% of the cases had a relatively high incidence of erythrocyte parasitism. In some instances when freshly drawn blood was examined, the structures, which appear to be microbial, extended in rhizoid filaments from the erythrocytes.
Ceramics packaging with ferroelectric decoupling capacitor

Packaging is the most important application of ceramics in microelectronics. The continued evolution of ceramics and the processes with which the most advanced substrates will be fabricated are summarized. A discrete ferroelectric decoupling capacitor providing very low inductance to minimize the delta-I noise of ceramic packages is described. >
Transnational Political Interests and the Global Environment

This study concerns the involvement of transnational, nongovernmental associations in the international decisions leading to the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment, at Stockholm, and the establishment of the UN Environment Program. It identifies those organizations that were involved, characterizes the political functions performed by them, and describes their points of access into the UN environmental policy process. A number of propositions about transnational associations are also examined in light of the Stockholm experience.
A behavioral microanalysis of the effects of haloperidol and oxazepam in demented psychogeriatric inpatients

Twenty-one inpatients on a psychogeriatric unit were assigned randomly to a haloperidol or oxazepam treatment group. Drug effects were assessed with three psychiatric rating scales and direct behavioral observation. The behavioral microanalysis employed two separate systems of observation: aberrant behaviors were assessed by recording the frequency of behaviors per hour, and the activities assessment (eg social interaction, sleeping) sampled each resident's behaviors during two 10-min intervals per day. Results showed no differences between drug groups on any of the assessments, except for engagement in activities from the activities assessment. A modest non-significant decrease in symptoms was noted on all psychiatric assessments. The behavioral observations showed very low pretreatment levels of aberrant behaviors. Non-significant post-treatment decreases were observed for disruptive vocalizations, paranoid verbalization, and non-compliance; rates of physical aggression and psychomotor agitation increased somewhat. The potential role of behavioral microanalysis in nursing homes is discussed in light of new HCFA guidelines.
Second place winner

The case of a previously healthy 3-week-old infant with lethargy and apnea resulting from topical absorption of ophthalmic antiglaucoma medications is described. This case illustrates the importance of including topical drugs in medication histories and considering them as potential causes of systemic toxicity. It also emphasizes the high level of vigilance that is needed in monitoring infants and small children when prescribing concentrated topical medications that are usually given to adults.
Homozygous sickle cell disease with coexistent hereditary spherocytosis in three siblings.

Three siblings with the combination of hereditary spherocytosis and sickle cell anemia are described. Two of the children demonstrated a striking degree of hemolysis and massive splenomegaly. In response to repeated transfusions of packed red cells their spleens decreased in size and symptoms were relieved. One child had a splenectomy, which was followed by marked improvement of anemia.
Rare earth element geochemistry of garnet lherzolite and megacrystalline nodules from minette of the Colorado plateau province

Abstract Mineral and whole-rock REE abundances in garnet lherzolite and megacrystalline nodules from The Thumb display broad correlations with major element compositions. Lherzolites with > 12 modal % clinopyroxene plus garnet (“high-Ca Al lherzolites”) have relatively flat chondrite-normalized whole-rock REE patterns. Lherzolites poor in clinopyroxene and garnet (“low-Ca Al lherzolites”) have lower HREE in clinopyroxenes and garnets and higher whole-rock LREE/HREE. It is concluded that the low-Ca Al lherzolites may have undergone LREE metasomatism after depletion of the major element compositions by partial melting and that much of the garnet now present was originally dissolved in aluminous orthopyroxene. The high-Ca Al lherzolites may be interpreted either as primordial mantle samples or as products of equilibration with very LREE-enriched liquids. The “megacrystalline” nodules are medium- to ultracoarse-grained intergrowths and megacrysts with mineral compositions similar to discrete nodule suites in kimberlites. The REE abundances of the megacrystalline minerals are consistent with an origin as cumulates from magma with extremely fractionated REE, similar to minette or kimberlite. The patterns of correlation of REE and major elements in this inclusion suite are similar to the patterns observed in the garnet lherzolite and discrete nodule suites of southern African kimberlites. Both of the subcontinental mantle provinces represented by these suites contain three distinct petrogenetic components: refractory garnet lherzolite enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE, fertile garnet lherzolite with generally chondritic REE abundances, and a suite of ultracoarse minerals precipitated from magma with extremely fractionated REE generally similar to the host magmas.
Petrology of the Potassic Silver Peak Volcanic Center, Western Nevada

The Silver Peak volcanic center is part of a late Tertiary volcanic province in western Nevada and eastern California characterized by slightly alkaline, potassic lavas. The rocks of the Pliocene Silver Peak center have an alkali-lime index of 55.5, a K2O/K2O + Na2O ratio of 0.5 at 60 percent SiO2, and range in composition from trachybasalt to rhyolite, with latite the most voluminous. Chemical and mineralogical variations in the intermediate and silicic lavas are compatible with differentiation by crystal fractionation. The differentiation trend is similar to calc-alkaline suites with progressive enrichment in silica and alkalis but no relative enrichment in iron. Relatively high water pressures during crystallization are indicated by the ubiquitious presence of biotite or hornblende. The parent magma of the intermediate and silicic part of the series is believed to have a composition of trachyandesite with approximately 56 percent silica. The potassic nature of trachyandesite in this province is tentatively related to depths of a Tertiary subduction zone beneath western North America. Associated trachybasalts of the Silver Peak center are nepheline normative and characterized by high strontium contents, low Rb/K and Rb/Sr ratios, and relatively high Sr87/Sr86 ratios (.7061). These are believed to represent a separate parent magma derived from material previously depleted in rubidium.
The site of linkage of a retinoid affinity label to plasma retinol-binding protein

The retinoid affinity label 11[3H]-β-ionylidene ethylbromoacetate (IEBA) was covalently bound to plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and studies were conducted to identify the region of the protein molecule that contained the linkage between the IEBA ligand and RBP. Cleavage by trypsin and cyanogen bromide of the labeled protein followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of peptides and identification of radioactive peaks by amino acid analysis points to attachment of the ligand on tryptic peptides T(1+2) (containing residues 1–5) and T(21) (residues 156–163). These two peptides in the native protein molecule are connected by a disulfide bond between Cys-4 and Cys-160. To confirm the site of attachment of the radioactive ligand, unreduced IEBA-RBP with the disulfide bonds intact was treated first with cyanogen bromide and then with trypsin. Separation of the tryptic peptides by HPLC yielded one main peak of radioactivity containing both peptides T(1+2) and T(21), presumably connected by a disulfide bond. Taken together, these results indicated that the sites of attachment of IEBA to RBP are located within the region of the RBP molecule close to the Cys-4–Cys-160 bond, and specifically within the region comprised of amino acid residues 1–5 and 156–163.
EFFICACY OF MICROTUBULE-ACTIVE DRUGS FOLLOWED BY KETOCONAZOLE IN HUMAN METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER CELL LINES

Purpose:: Once a relapse occurs following primary endocrine treatment, metastatic prostate cancer is one of the most therapy-resistant human neoplasms. Ketoconazole is used for complete androgen deprivation, and recent data suggest it has direct activity against prostate cancer cells.Materials and Methods:: LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 cells, human prostate cancer cell lines, and HL60, a human leukemia cell line, were lysed and soluble proteins were harvested. Cells were plated in 96-well flat bottom plates and then exposed to the pharmacological agents, ketoconazole, vinblastine and paclitaxel. DNA synthesis was monitored by 3H-thymidine incorporation.Results:: We demonstrate that ketoconazole exerts a cytostatic effect on a panel of human prostate cancer cell lines, with IC50 of 4 to 5 μg./ml., 12 μg./ml., and 25 μg./ml. for LNCaP, PC3/PC3M, and DU145 cells, respectively. On the other hand, using microtubule-active drugs, vinblastine and paclitaxel, we found that PC3M and PC3 cells were more resistant than eit...
On sign determinations in real algebraic number fields

Given an ordered fieldF and a finite ordered extensionE. If it is possible to perform constructively the four rational operations inF and to determine the sign for an arbitrary element ofF, a rule is given for the sign determination of an arbitrary element ofE.
Slotting methodology using correlated improvement for a zone-based carton picking distribution system

This study presents slotting methodologies for a zone-based carton picking distribution system (DC). The study involves a slotting problem: assigning SKUs to slots in the zone-based carton picking DC in which we have predetermined the assignment of items into cartons (cartonization). First we present a mathematical formulation for solving the slotting problem. Due to the difficulty in solving large problems, we develop four two-phase heuristics for the slotting problem. One of the heuristics presented solves the slotting problem using a simulated annealing improvement heuristic based on correlated interchange (SA-C). Since the performance of the SA-C heuristic depends on the correlation of items in the same carton, we also develop a correlated carton list generation methodology with SKUs correlation. Promising computational results are shown using the data representative of a large DC.
Exponentiation of soft photons in a process involving hard photons.

We present a simple method of removing the singularities associated with soft photon emission to all orders in perturbation theory through exponentiation, while keeping a consistent description of hard photon emission. We apply this method to the process {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}}{r_arrow}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup {minus}}+{ital n}{gamma} where we include both {ital Z}{sup 0} and {gamma} exchange and retain the muon mass dependence. The photonic radiation is allowed to be radiated off any charged leg, and so we include all initial and final state radiation, as well as all interference effects. The effect of exponentiation is to suppress soft photon emission over the cross section you would obtain from working at strictly leading order. We also show how one would extend the method to treat the collinear singularity and remove the associated leading mass logarithms. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Photoemission Characterization of Thin Film Nucleation on Inert Substrates

Synchrotron radiation photoemission was used to characterize Sm and Mn thin film nucleation and growth on solid Xe substrates, in the 3×1014 - 2×1016 atoms/cm2 coverage range. Film growth is well approximated by a model in which the nucleation site density remains constant and hemi-ellipsoidal particles increase in size until coalescence is achieved. Site density and average cluster size are determined from the coverage-dependence of metal and Xe photoemission intensities. Size estimates are confirmed by experimental fingerprints of coalescence.
The state of the green: A review essay on Shakespearean ecocriticism

This essay reviews the ecocritical approaches to Shakespeare that have emerged in recent years. The “green” school of criticism can tell us new things about Shakespeare and about our present predicaments, but must also be treated as an intellectual phenomenon with a distinct role and history within the professionalization of literary criticism in academia. Exploring the unavoidable ethical implications of this professionalization, the article concludes that ecocriticism is ineluctably presentist and requires academics to change the ways they think and work.
Heat-Flow Below the Oceans

PROF. HANS PETTERSSON has reported1 measuring the geothermal gradient at two places in the deep-sea sediment below the Pacific Ocean. This work, done from the schooner Albatross of the first Swedish Deep-Sea Expedition, is apparently the first of its kind and is an important contribution to the study of the heat flowing from the interior of the earth.
ATP elicits inward currents in isolated vasopressinergic neurohypophysial terminals via P2X2 and P2X3 receptors

Effects of extracellular adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) on ionic currents were investigated using the perforated-patch whole-cell recording technique on isolated terminals of the Hypothalamic Neurohypophysial System (HNS). ATP induced a current response in 70% of these isolated terminals. This inwardly-rectifying, inactivating current had an apparent reversal near 0 mV and was dose-dependent on ATP with an EC50=9.6+/-1.0 microM. In addition, current amplitudes measured at maximal ATP concentrations and optimum holding potentials had a current density of 70.8 pA pF(-1) and were greatly inhibited by suramin and PPADS. Different purinergic receptor agonists were tested, with the following efficacy: ATP > or = 2-methylthioATP > ATP-gamma-S > Bz-Bz-ATP > alpha,beta-methylene-ATP > beta,gamma-methylene-ATP. However, UTP and ADP were ineffective. These data suggest the involvement of a P2X purinergic receptor in the ATP-induced responses. Immunocytochemical labeling in vasopressinergic terminals indicates the existence of P2X(2,3,4, and 7), but not P2X6 receptors. Additionally, P2X(2 and 3) were not found in terminals which labeled for oxytocin. In summary, the EC50, decay, inactivation, and pharmacology indicate that a functional mixture of P2X(2 and 3) homomeric receptors mediate the majority of the ATP responses in vasopressinergic HNS terminals. We speculate that the characteristics of these types of receptors reflect the function of co-released ATP in the terminal compartment of these and other CNS neurons.
Advances in Transfusion Medicine

Transfusion medicine has developed as a specialty by linking rapidly evolving knowledge in areas of physiology and immunology to the vastly expanded clinical requirements for blood products resulting from advances in medicine and surgery. This article covers major developments in transfusion medicine related to anesthesiology and surgery. It will familiarize the anesthesia practitioner with evolving concepts in basic science as they relate to innovations in clinical care in three areas: (1) red cell transfusion, (2) other blood components, and (3) recently introduced massive transfusion protocols. RED BLOOD CELL TRANSFUSION Blood component therapy is a limited resource that contributes to overall health care expense. In the United States, four million patients will receive 12 million units of packed red blood cells this year. The estimated hospital cost for a unit of autologous blood ranges from $250 to $750. Actual costs of transfusion therapy, alternatives to transfusion therapy, complications associated with transfusion therapy, and complications associated with anemia are unknown [1]. The Transfusion Requirement in Critical Care trial has shown that a conservative strategy of red blood cell transfusion (transfusion for a hemoglobin of less than 7 g/dL) is as effective, if not superior to, a liberal transfusion strategy (transfusion for a hemoglobin less than 9 g/dL) in normovolemic critically ill patients [2]. Following a conservative transfusion strategy, institutions may decrease costs by limiting perioperative erythrocyte transfusions and their complications [2]. Erythrocytes compose an estimated 25 trillion of the 100 trillion cells that are found in the human body [3]. The major function of the erythrocyte is to transport hemoglobin, which in turn carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Along with oxygen transporting capacity, hemoglobin acts as an acid–base buffer. The buffering capacity of hemoglobin provides about 70% of the buffering capacity of whole blood. Red blood cells also remove carbon dioxide from the body by using carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that catalyzes
Coronary artery calcification and myocardial perfusion: kissing cousins or distant relatives?

Cardiologists have more tests, gadgets, and cures than we know what to do with. We can visualize coronary anatomy invasively and soon noninvasively. We can assess ischemia with electrocardiograms, radionuclides, echocardiograms, and magnetic resonance imaging. We can measure the temperatures of
A distribution-free tabular CUSUM chart for autocorrelated data

A distribution-free tabular CUSUM chart called DFTC is designed to detect shifts in the mean of an autocorrelated process. The chart's Average Run Length (ARL) is approximated by generalizing Siegmund's ARL approximation for the conventional tabular CUSUM chart based on independent and identically distributed normal observations. Control limits for DFTC are computed from the generalized ARL approximation. Also discussed are the choice of reference value and the use of batch means to handle highly correlated processes. The performance of DFTC compared favorably with that of other distribution-free procedures in stationary test processes having various types of autocorrelation functions as well as normal or nonnormal marginals.
Modeling prison populations

Abstract Various stochastic models such as the transient and steady state versions of the infinite server queueing system are employed for the representation of the input-output dynamics of correctional institutions. These models determine in stochastic terms the ensuing prison population size that occurs after perturbations in the values of certain parameters have been made. The parameters are: the average inmate admission rate, the average time of incarceration, the elapsed time, and the initial number of inmates. The models' quantitative results are reported in the form of probabilities of intervals of two standard deviations about the mean of prison population size. Because of the models used, the prison population size is not normally distributed, nevertheless, it is shown that this random variable can be considered approximately normally distributed.
Further Investigations of the Cheliped Presentation Display in Pagurus Bernhardus (Decapoda, Anomura) 1)

[In Modellversuchen wurden Einzelheiten des Scheren-Prasentierens von Pagurus bernhardus untersucht. Das normale Farbmuster der Mani (rote Streifen mit lohfarbenen Seiten) ist wichtig, denn ganz rote Scheren wurden starker, und ganz lohfarbene weniger stark angegriffen als normal gefarbte Modelle. Nach Verkehrung der Scheren-Asymmetrie wurde das Modell weniger attackiert. Modelle, deren Scheren (1) grosser oder (2) kleiner waren als die normalen, bewirkten Zuruckziehen (1) in starkerem oder (2) in weniger starkem Ausmass als normal., In Modellversuchen wurden Einzelheiten des Scheren-Prasentierens von Pagurus bernhardus untersucht. Das normale Farbmuster der Mani (rote Streifen mit lohfarbenen Seiten) ist wichtig, denn ganz rote Scheren wurden starker, und ganz lohfarbene weniger stark angegriffen als normal gefarbte Modelle. Nach Verkehrung der Scheren-Asymmetrie wurde das Modell weniger attackiert. Modelle, deren Scheren (1) grosser oder (2) kleiner waren als die normalen, bewirkten Zuruckziehen (1) in starkerem oder (2) in weniger starkem Ausmass als normal.]
Incidence of diffuse and focal chronic stent recoil after implantation of current generation bare-metal and drug-eluting stents

Abstract Background The incidence of chronic stent recoil of currently available stents is not well known. Methods The incidence and degree of both diffuse and focal stent recoil during 6 months follow-up were evaluated in 52 Cypher, 64 Taxus, 61 Endeavor and 50 Driver stents using 3 dimensional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) data. Results The overall incidence of diffuse and focal stent recoil was 3.5% and 1.8%, respectively. No difference was found in the incidence of stent recoil among all stents evaluated. The degree of recoil was not correlated with the amount of neointima. Conclusions Analysis of serial IVUS volumetric data revealed a low incidence of chronic stent recoil among current generation stents.
Water, Climate, and Social Change in a Fragile Landscape

We present here and in the companion papers an analysis of sustainability in the Middle Rio Grande region of the U.S.-Mexico border and propose an interdisciplinary research agenda focused on the coupled human and natural dimensions of water resources sustainability in the face of climate and social change in an international border region. Key threats to water sustainability in the Middle Rio Grande River region include: (1) increasing salinization of surface and ground water, (2) increasing water demand from a growing population in the El Paso/Ciudad Juarez area on top of an already high base demand from irrigated agriculture, (3) water quality impacts from agricultural, municipal, and industrial discharges to the river, (4) changing regional climate that portends increased frequency and intensity of droughts interspersed with more intensive rainfall and flooding events, and (5) disparate water planning and management systems between different states in the U.S. and between the U.S. and Mexico. In addition to these challenges, there is an increasing demand from a significant regional population who is (and has been historically) underserved in terms of access to affordable potable water. To address these challenges to water resources sustainability, we have focused on: (1) the determinants of resilience and transformability in an ecological/social setting on an international border and how they can be measured and predicted; and (2) the drivers of change … what are they (climate, social, etc.) and how are they impacting the coupled human and natural dimensions of water sustainability on the border? To tackle these challenges, we propose a research agenda based on a complex systems approach that focuses on the linkages and feedbacks of the natural, built/managed, and social dimensions of the surface and groundwater budget of the region. The approach that we propose incorporates elements of systems analysis, complexity science, and the use of modeling tools such as scenario planning and back-casting to link the quantitative with the qualitative. This approach is unique for our region, as are our bi-national focus and our conceptualization of “water capital”. In particular, the concept of water capital provides the basis for a new interdisciplinary paradigm that integrates social, economic, and natural sectors within a systems framework in order to understand and characterize water resources sustainability. This proposed approach would not only provide a framework for water sustainability decision making for our bi-national region at the local, state, and federal levels, but could serve as a model for similar border regions and/or international rivers in arid and semi-arid regions in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Longitudinal Correlates of Infant Attention in the Paired-Comparison Paradigm

Abstract A sample of infants tested on paired-comparison visual discriminations at 4 and 7 months were tested at 16 months on tasks measuring their exploration of a novel environment, short-term spatial memory, and attention span/task persistence. Seven-month novelty preferences were related to accuracy on a spatial memory task, supporting the possibility that memory ability may carry some of the variance in correlations between infant novelty preferences and later intelligence. Also, shifting between targets during paired-comparison trials was related to infants' behavior at 16 months. Shifting at 4 months was positively related to accuracy on the memory task, and at 7 months it was positively related to several exploratory measures, supporting previous contentions that this measure may reflect different processes in early versus late infancy.
On the efficiency of a global market for carbon dioxide emission permits: Type of externality and timing of policymaking

Abstract We demonstrate that global permit markets are Pareto efficient despite the externality type, production or consumption, when income redistribution occurs after regional environmental policymaking. Ex-ante income redistribution is neutral if emissions affect production only, but non-neutral if emissions affect consumption.
Increased content of cytochromes 554 and 562 in Anabaena variabilis cells grown in the presence of diphenylamine.

Abstract Of the four major cytochromes (cytochromes 550, 554, 557 and 562) present in Anabaena variabilis cells, two c type cytochromes (cytochromes 550 and 554) were removed from the membrane when cells were sonicated and cytochromes 557 and 562 (which are probably b type cytochromes) remained tightly bound to the membrane. Cytochrome 554 was obtained in the reduced state while the others were in the oxidized form. Cytochromes 554 and 562 were present in markedly higher amounts in Anabaena cells grown in the presence of diphenylamine, whereas cytochromes 550 and 557 were present at about the same concentrations in both types of cells. The contents of P700 and chlorophyll a in normal cells were twice as high as those in the diphenylamine-grown cells (expressing concentrations on the basis of cell weight of freezedried cells). The data on cytochrome and P700 composition of the membrane of the two cell types indicate that at least the cytochromes 554 and 562 are inserted into the membrane system independently of the chlorophyll and other cytochromes. Photooxidation of cytochrome 557 was observed with membrane fragments from diphenylamine-grown cells. The kinetics of the absorbance changes observed in the blue region were biphasic, and relatively slow changes were observed following the initial fast P700 photooxidation. The slow changes may be related to an unidentified component of the membrane fragments.
Tests of Association of Lymphocyte Alloantigen Genotypes with Resistance to Viral Oncogenesis in Chickens: 1. Marek's Disease in F7 Progeny Derived from 63 × 151 Crosses

Abstract Marek's disease (MD)-susceptible progeny of the B5B5genotype from the F7 generation derived from crosses of Regional Poultry Research Laboratory inbred lines 63 and 151 were tested for variation in MD resistance associated with the T lymphocyte antigen loci Ly-4 and Th-1. The four double homozygous genotypic classes of Ly-4 and Th-1 were tested in a 2 × 2 design. The Ly-4bb/Th-1aa chickens were significantly more resistant to MD oncogenesis than the other three genotypes. Thus, resistance within B5B5 genotypes appears to be associated with genetic interaction between two T cell antigen loci, which are not linked with the B complex.
Using a mensuration approach with FIA vegetation plot data to assess the accuracy of tree size and crown closure classes in a vegetation map of northeastern California.

The accuracy of the Lassen-Modoc vegetation map was assessed using data from a grid of permanent Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots in conjunction with a fuzzy logic approach. This paper presents the results for the Modoc National Forest. The main foci of this paper are the methods and results for assessing the accuracy of tree size and crown closure classes using a mensurational approach based on calculations made from the plot data. This approach proved very useful in conjunction with fuzzy accuracy methods. Higher error rates reported for crown closure classes may be due to a variety of factors including error associated with crown closure modeling methods, error associated with crown closure calculations for a plot, and the variability of crown closure within a plot. Using the FIA data has proven to represent a cost-effective means of generating accuracy assessment information based on a probability sample.