cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonsuppressible Adrenocortical Function in a Patient with Untreated Acromegaly

A case is reported of a 38-yrold woman with acromegaly and virilism. Several abnormalities of adrenal function were found: moderately elevated urinary 17-ketosteroids and free cortisol, no evident diurnal variation in plasma cortisol, no reduction of urinary steroids after dexamethasone administration and excessive response to ACTH. 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid levels and the response to methopyrapone were normal. Surgical removal of a mixed pituitary adenoma resulted in clinical remission and eventual return of suppressible adrenal function. It is suggested that the tumor secreted both GH and ACTH at a fixed rate not subject to normal physiologic control. Recently published studies have demonstrated reduced cortisol secretion rate resulting from growth hormone administration in man and experimental animals. Observations in this case are compatible with the concept of altered adrenocortical function secondary to growth hormone in the presence of concomitantly increased ACTH secretion.
Democrats, republicans, and taxes: Evidence that political parties matter

I estimate the influence of political parties on state Tax Burdens over a forty-year period (1960-2000). Holding constant a large number of state and voter characteristic variables, I find that: (i) Tax Burdens are higher when Democrats control the state legislature compared to when Republicans are in control. (ii) The political party of the governor has little effect after controlling for partisan influences in the state legislature. I explain how both findings are consistent with median voter theory. My results suggest that after five years of Democratic control of the legislature, state government would be approximately 3 to 5 percent larger than if Republicans controlled the legislature during that same period, with the better specifications producing estimates in the higher end of this range.
Localized activation of bending in proximal, medial and distal regions of sea-urchin sperm flagella.

Spermatozoa from the sea urchin, Colobocentrotus atratus, were partially demembranated by extraction with solutions containing Triton X-100 at a concentration which was insufficient to solubilize the membranes completely. The resulting suspension was a mixture containing some spermatozoa in which a proximal, medial, or distal portion of the flagellum was membrane-covered, while the remaining portion was naked axoneme. In reactivating solutions containing 12 µM ATP, only the naked portions of the flagellum became motile. In reactivating solutions containing 0.8 mM ADP, the membrane-covered regions became motile and beat at 6-10 beats/s, while the naked regions remained immobile, or beat very slowly at about 0.3 beat/s. Activation of membrane-covered regions in ADP solutions probably results from the membrane restricting the diffusion of ATP which is formed from ADP by the axonemal adenylate kinase. The results indicate that any region of the flagellum has the capacity for autonomous beating, and that special properties of the basal end of the flagellum are not required for bend initiation. However, the beating of different regions of the flagellum is not completely independent, for in a fair number of spermatozoa the beating of the distal, membrane-covered region in 0.8 mM ADP was intermittent, and was turned on and off in phase with the much slower bending cycle in the proximal region of naked axoneme.
Assessing the Efficiency of Learning the Neurologic Exam with a Visual Tracking Device (S27.007)

OBJECTIVE: 1) To assess visual scanning patterns during neurologic clinical examinations among pre-clinical medical students, neurology housestaff, and senior neurologists, and 2) assess effects of typical educational practices (book reading, clinical experience, or multimedia study) on repeat examination. We hypothesize that visual scanning patterns become more efficient with increasing expertise, and that learners naive to assessing neurologic patients will have the greatest improvement in scanning efficiency, optimized by clinical experience/expert mentorship. BACKGROUND: Developing efficient examination skills requires repeated clinical experiences informing or reinforcing didactic learning and prior clinical exposures. Current clinical educational practices use clinical encounters with mentorship to optimize immediate learning and develop focused approaches for subsequent clinical encounters. Visual scanning patterns have demonstrated diagnostic efficiency in radiology and pathology, but have not been explored in neurologic learning or moving patient images. DESIGN/METHODS: Using a Sensomotoric Instruments infrared eye tracker, we measure eye movements of pre-clinical medical students, neurology residents, and neurology attendings while they watch brief video clips of standardized neurologic examinations of parkinsonian and normal subjects. We monitor saccade length, sequence, fixation durations, and regions of interest. Learners are randomized to reading a Parkinson disease (PD) book chapter (Merritt9s Neurology, 12th edition), multimedia PD chapter (AAN), or a mentored clinical PD encounter. Learners then re-watch the videos to assess interval change. RESULTS: Results of our first subject (resident) are presented here. The subject watched 2-5 distinct ten-second videos of facial expression, finger taps, toe taps, walking, and pull tests. The resident then read the chapter, and 120 minutes after the initial videos, looked more at subtle physical signs: hand tremors while studying foot taps and subtle hypomimia (brow movement). Subject enrollment is ongoing. CONCLUSIONS: Visual scanpaths hold potential to offer a physiologic basis of learning and clinical assessment, inform practices for neurologic education methods, and provide a novel evaluative tool. Supported by: 2012 American Academy of Neurology Education Research Grant (PI: James M. Noble, MD, MS). Disclosure: Dr. Gonzalez Castellon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Phillips has nothing to disclose. Dr. Blum has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goldberg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Noble has nothing to disclose.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) pleotropiclly modulates cytokine and hypoxia-dependent dysregulation of genes that predispose the formation of intraabdominal adhesions in cultured human mesothelial cells (HMCs)

Mesothelial injury initiates the secretion of a fibrinous exudate, the formation of a fibrin matrix and the formation of abdominal adhesions. Inflammation suppresses peritoneal fibrinolysis and mit...
Performance Appraisal of an ARGO Calibration System Using GPS

The ARGO and Raydist positioning systems are used as a primary means of horizontal control for the conduct of bathymetric surveys of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) using multibeam sonar systems. An ARGO calibration system using a Texas Instruments TI 4100 Global Positioning System (GPS) P code receiver is described.
The Tempest and the Renaissance Idea of Man

o r LOST students of The Tempest are agreed that there is more to Shakespeare's last play than charms the eye and delights the ear.1 Some have regarded its deeper meaning as autobiographical in nature, communicating Shakespeare's view of his own art End announcing his withdrawal from active professional life. Others have found it a covert commentary on England's colonizing efforts in the New World, or more generally, on the impact of civilization on primitivism. Some have explained its significance in terms of Christian concepts of ethical and political morality, some in terms of neoplatonic doctrine, and some in terms of Renaissance ideas about white and black magic. Almost all concur, however, in a general feeling that beneath its splendid surface of poetry and theater The Tempest is somehow concerned with man's effort to overcome his worser self. Or as John Middleton Murry put it, "The Island . . . is what would be if Humanity-the best in man-controlled the life of man. And Prospero is a man in whom the best in man has won the victory: . . ." In their efforts to define "the best in man" as exemplified in The Tempest, all but a few commentators have tended to ignore ideas on the nature of man widely held in Shakespeare's day and frequently expressed in treatises on moral philosophy, learned and popular alike. Theodore Spencer, among the few, has suggested that Renaissance ideas about the animal, human, and intellectual elements in man can be made to account respectively for the character and actions of Caliban, of the conspirators, comics, and lovers, and of Prospero. Ariel is not clearly incorporated into this scheme.8 With similar reference to sixteenthcentury thought about the nature of man, Donald Stauffer equated Caliban with "instinct and passion", Ariel with "Imagination", and Prospero with "Noble Reason" in interpreting The Tempest as a drama symbolically portraying (among other autobiographical and moral concerns) the ultimate triumph of ethical control over passion.4
Tryptophan pyrrolase of Drosophila : Partial purification and properties

A method is described for partially purifyingDrosophila tryptophan pyrrolase. The enzyme, which appears to have a heme prosthetic group, is sensitive to dialysis, but the addition of hematin does not restore any of the lost activity. The enzyme requires activation and 2-mercaptoethanol is much preferred to ascorbate as the activator because in the presence of ascorbate a non-enzymatic reaction interferes. Serological cross reaction between antibodies toPseudomonas tryptophan pyrrolase and theDrosophila enzyme does not occur. By several criteria, the enzyme from suppressed-vermilion flies is indistinguishable from the wild-type enzyme.
Effect of a thin-wire exposed electrode on plasma structure and aerodynamic performance in a DBD plasma actuator

Characteristics of both mechanical forces and electrical properties of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) aerodynamic plasma actuator, with thin wire exposed electrodes and encapsulated rectangular electrodes in a highly asymmetric configuration, are measured in atmospheric air at AC applied voltages in the range of 6-22 kV peak amplitude at 200 Hz driving frequency and are compared with those of a conventional flat-plate exposed electrode arrangement. Present investigations show that variations in the DBD plasma actuator’s performance (that is, in its ability to impart net momentum into the surrounding air) with 25-μm and 50-μm-diameter tungsten wires are consistent with variations in the plasma structure between these configurations, particularly in the positive-going (backwardstroke) portion of the AC high-voltage cycle. Time-resolved measurements of the DBD actuator’s plasma current and of the impulse imparted to a freely-moving actuator body as a function of the amplitude of the applied voltage are reported. Consistent with the results reported in literature, we see that the plasma discharge in the negative-going (forwardstroke) portion of the AC voltage cycle consists of a relatively diffuse collection of microdischarges, but during the positive-going (backward-stroke) portion we observe a rapid transition in the nature of the discharge from individual microdischarges to a highly diffuse discharge. Also, with increasing amplitude of the applied voltage, depending on the voltage range, fractures in the discharge plasma current profile appear in the form of a few (1-10 per cycle, depending on the applied voltage range) narrow (10-20 μs base width) bursts of high-current in the reverse-polarity of the diffuse discharge. The plasma behavior during the different portions of the AC cycle, as visualized using a high-speed imaging camera, are discussed with respect to the measured temporal characteristics of the plasma current, and each are discussed with respect to the actuator’s aerodynamic performance.
Radiation Sensitivity of Human Cells and the Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Gene

Until recently much of radiation biology has centered about cellular responses to radiation using the clonogenic assay to study radiation sensitivity and radiation repair processes. The availability of molecular techniques, allowing direct genomic analysis of cellular function, permits a much more detailed view of events taking place in the DNA as a result of radiation exposure. The development of a complementary cDNA to the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene (3) has provided a unique opportunity to study the genomic events associated with poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism.
Biomarker Changes in ACL Deficient Knees Compared with Contralaterals

Objectives: Introduction: Though outcomes following ACL reconstruction are largely positive, patients’ post-operative recovery is highly variable, and is typically based off generalized timetables derived from population data. In an attempt to individualize prognostic estimates and establish how biomarker concentrations may change with injury, we sampled knee joint synovial fluid from patients with ACL tears with and without associated cartilage injuries and compared biomarker concentrations to samples obtained from the contralateral non-injured knee.
On the aesthetic production of atmospheres: the rhetorical workings of biopower at The CELL

ABSTRACTDrawing upon Foucault's notion of biopower and Bohme's theory of atmospheres, we analyze The Counterterrorism Education Learning Lab (The CELL), a nonprofit institution in Denver, Colorado dedicated to preventing terrorism. Specifically, we argue that The CELL rhetorically induces visitors to submit to and actively participate in continuous surveillance by subjecting them to a strategic succession of atmospheres that affectively and emotively enlists their bodies in its cause. This largely material rhetoric utilizes the design aesthetics of controlled movement, simulation, interactivity, and pseudodialogue. We conclude by reflecting on the implications for rhetorical and security studies.
TAF-DPS Clock Generator and On-Chip Clock Distribution

Clock distribution is a critical task in modern chip design. In recent years, advances in CMOS technology have led to an exponential increase in chip complexity. The most characteristic feature of the clock network is the large capacitive loading that it presents to the clock source. During operation, the clock source is responsible for the charge and discharge of this large capacitance. Clock buffers are attached to the metal structure to form the local clock distribution network. The task of frequency synthesis on a functional clock is accomplished by those time average frequency-direct period synthesis (TAF-DPSs). The TAF-DPS outputs can all be made synchronous to each other since their inputs are synchronized by the standing wave oscillators (SWOs), resulting in zero skew (theoretically). The FPGA (field programmable logic array) emerged in the 1980s as an alternative to the programmable logic device and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs).
Distance metric learning using random forest for cytometry data

Visualization and clustering of single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) data are analytic techniques to identify different cell types. Most of such techniques, such as Euclidean norm, lose their effectiveness when the data dimension increases due to the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we propose a new cell distance (called CytoRFD) that works based on Random Forest (RF) concept. The experimental results show that the proposed distance can achieve a much higher quality and effectiveness in large data analysis than traditional metrics specially for CyTOF data.
Religion and Spirituality

While challenging stereotypical narratives, this chapter focuses on major themes as it relates to Asian and Pacific Islander LGBT communities: diversity in religious experiences and homophobia.
China on Strike: Narratives of Worker Resistance

As is well known, the lack of independent labor unions is one of the reasons that China is so attractive to global capital. The All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU), the official organizati...
Effects of Noncovalent Interactions on the Catalytic Activity of Unsupported Colloidal Palladium Nanoparticles Stabilized with Thiolate Ligands

This article presents the systematic evaluation of colloidal palladium nanoparticles functionalized with well-defined small organic ligands that provide spatial control of the geometric and electronic surface properties of nanoparticle catalysts. Palladium nanoparticles stabilized with thiolate ligands of different structures and functionalities (linear alkyl vs cyclohexyl vs phenyl) are synthesized using the thiosulfate protocol in a two-phase system. The structure and composition of palladium nanoparticles are characterized using transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, NMR, and UV–vis spectroscopies. The catalysis studies show that the chemical and structural compositions of monolayers surrounding the nanoparticle core greatly influence the overall activity and selectivity of colloidal palladium nanoparticle catalysts for the hydrogenation, isomerization, and hydrogenolysis of allylic alcohols. Especially, noncovalent interactions between surface phenyl ligands and incoming aromati...
Unilateral Divorce and Time Allocation in the United States

Using time-diary data from the Time Use in Economic and Social Accounts (TUESA) 1975–76, which covers heterosexual couples in the United States, this paper analyzes the relationship between a state...
Polyamine Deacetylase Structure and Catalysis: Prokaryotic Acetylpolyamine Amidohydrolase and Eukaryotic HDAC10.

Polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are small aliphatic cations that serve myriad biological functions in all forms of life. While polyamine biosynthesis and cellular trafficking pathways are generally well-defined, only recently has the molecular basis of reversible polyamine acetylation been established. In particular, enzymes that catalyze polyamine deacetylation reactions have been identified and structurally characterized: histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) from Homo sapiens and Danio rerio (zebrafish) is a highly specific N8-acetylspermidine deacetylase, and its prokaryotic counterpart, acetylpolyamine amidohydrolase (APAH) from Mycoplana ramosa, is a broad-specificity polyamine deacetylase. Similar to the greater family of HDACs, which mainly serve as lysine deacetylases, both enzymes adopt the characteristic arginase-deacetylase fold and employ a Zn2+-activated water molecule for catalysis. In contrast with HDACs, however, the active sites of HDAC10 and APAH are sterically constri...
Symmetric multilocular epidermoid cysts on the face: An unusual presentation of a common lesion.

An epidermoid cyst, also called epidermal cyst or epidermal inclusion cyst, is the most common cystic growth. It typically arises on hair-bearing, acne-prone areas such as the head, neck, and back and usually presents as an asymptomatic slow-growing subcutaneous nodule, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters in size. Most epidermoid cysts are unilocular.1 Here we present the unusual case of symmetric multilocular large epidermoid cysts on the face of a 53-year-old man.
An Ordering of Convex Topological Relations

Topological relativity is a concept of interest in geographic information theory. One way of assessing the importance of topology in spatial reasoning is to analyze commonplace terms from natural language relative to conceptual neighborhood graphs, the alignment structures of choice for topological relations. Sixteen English-language spatial prepositions for region-region relations were analyzed for their corresponding topological relations, each of which was found to represent a convex subset within the conceptual neighborhood graph of the region-region relations, giving rise to the construction of the convex ordering of region-region relations. The resulting lattice of the convex subgraphs enables an algorithmic approach to explaining unknown prepositions.
Some Observations on the Nature and Value of Psychotherapy with Schizophrenic Patients

Medical practitioners, meaning physicians during the scientific era as much as during the prescientific millennia, have always drawn inferences from more or less impressionistic therapeutic effects upon the nature of causation or etiology. Equally often, an etiological theory, once formulated, has led to therapeutic prescription, or even, in the case of schizophrenia, to therapeutic nihilism. The history of the treatment of schizophrenics is replete with enthusiastic therapeutic endeavors, sometimes based on very erroneous premises, such as the alleged mutual exclusion of epilepsy and schizophrenia, which led to convulsive treatments, therapies which then led to other etiological credos.1–4 Psychotherapy, effective as it can be with schizophrenics, is no exception to such post hoc propter hoc etiological hypothesizing. We know that the pathogenic mechanisms in psychological development and in familial behaviors which we can identify during psychotherapeutic work are basic, but we do not know if they are the only, sine qua non etiological factors. They, or some chromosomal aberration, may or may not be the first level in a spiral of abnormalities, but this is as uncertain as is the position or role of abnormal dopamine activity in such a developmental spiral culminating in schizophrenic manifestations.
Some Dimensions of Remembering: Steps Toward a Neuropsychological Model of Memory

Interest in the relation of macromolecules to behavior centers on the memory process. It is memory that allows an organism to act on the basis of occurrences removed in time—past and future. It is memory also that allows an organism to act appropriately to present circumstances, for without memory these events constitute nothing more than William James’ “buzzing, blooming confusion.” The guiding assumption is that this “memory” is effected by macromolecular change in protoplasm, especially in brain tissue. A good part of the search has been for the memory macromolecule; the contents of the present volume attest to the success attained by this approach.
Common Language: Business Programming Languages and the Legibility of Programming

The English-like business programming language COBOL saw widespread use from its introduction in 1960 well into the 1980s, despite being disdained by computer science academics. This article traces out decisions made during COBOLs development, and argues that its English-like appearance was a rhetorical move designed to make the concept of code itself more legible to non-programming management at computer-using companies.
Generalized Circuit Model for Eddy Current Effects in Multi-Winding Transformers

This paper presents a novel circuit model for eddy-current effects for multi-winding transformers. It presents the theoretical framework to model eddy currents applicable to layer or disk windings with n-layers for two-dimensional (2-D) transformer arrangements. The new white-box model is physical, dual, and leakage reversible. Additionally, it does not have mutually coupled elements or negative inductors. The paper presents a complete circuit for transformer windings (including capacitances) and core. The model accurately predicts the variation of resistance (dc component, skin, and proximity effects) and leakage inductance of windings from dc to hundreds of kilohertz. Being derived from the principle of duality, the circuit elements can be physically related one-to-one to the distribution of flux and current in the winding geometry. A practical winding discretization, based on field penetration depth for the given frequency, allows estimating the parameters using very simple formulae requiring only geometrical information and properties of materials. Model verification is done using finite element simulations. It is shown that the circuit model matches very well with 2-D FEM simulations. The circuit can be easily implemented in any circuit simulation software like EMTP-RV, PSCAD, ATP, etc., by simply dragging and dropping elements.
The Explicit Formula and a Motivic Splitting

We apply the Guinand-Weil-Mestre explicit formula to resolve two questions about how a certain hypergeometric motive splits into two irreducible motives.
Time Signal Classification Using Random Convolutional Features

In this paper we present a transformation to convert time signals into a randomized low-dimensional vectors such that the inner product between these new features provides information about the similarity of the signals. We show that the described inner product approximates a cross-correlation based kernel. This is very useful at the moment of use Kernel Machines, such as Non-linear Support Vector Machines. Indeed, this allows to apply simpler and faster linear methods on the generated random features. Our proposed scheme improves computational storage and time cost over the direct kernel approach, while performing the classification performance with minimal loss. We support our statements by providing theoretical guarantees as well as empirical evaluation across different data sets.
Hyperbolic Metamaterials at Microwaves With Stacked Inductive Coiled-Wire Arrays

Metasurfaces made of arrayed wires are inductive only for propagating waves and become capacitive when illuminated by evanescent waves. We show how to extend the inductive behavior of such metasurfaces for the case of illumination by plane waves with large wavenumber, i.e., for evanescent waves. The proposed metasurface exhibits an effective surface inductance that is extended to evanescent waves with large transverse wavenumber using coiled wires. Metasurfaces with inductive response over a wide spatial spectrum can be used for the realization of hyperbolic metamaterials (HMs) at microwave frequencies. Stacking such inductive metasurfaces separated by thin dielectric spacers leads to a negative real part of the in-plane, effective dielectric permittivity, and thus, to hyperbolic wavevector dispersion at microwave frequencies. We establish the requirements for such hyperbolic dispersion condition using arrays of coiled wires, also accounting for losses. We show that the negative in-plane real part of dielectric permittivity stretches up to transverse wavenumbers that are several times larger than the free-space wavenumber, over a broad frequency bandwidth. The theory and important design analytic formulas are presented to demonstrate the inductive behavior, as well as the propagative nature of waves in the proposed HM, in agreement with full-wave simulations.
Protein Tertiary Structure Modeling Driven by Deep Learning and Contact Distance Prediction in CASP13

Ab initio prediction of protein structure from sequence is one of the most challenging and important problems in bioinformatics and computational biology. After a long period of stagnancy, ab initio protein structure prediction is undergoing a revolution driven by inter-residue contact distance prediction empowered by deep learning. In this talk, I will present the deep learning and contact distance prediction methods of our MULTICOM protein structure prediction system that was ranked among the top three best methods in the 13th community-wide Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP13) in 2018 [1]. MULTICOM was able to correctly fold structures of numerous hard protein targets from scratch in CASP13, which was an unprecedented progress. The success clearly demonstrates that contact distance prediction is the key direction to tackle the protein structure prediction challenge and deep learning is the key technology to solve it. However, to completely solve the problem, more advanced deep learning methods are needed to accurately predict inter-residue distances when few homologous sequences are available to calculate residue-residue co-evolution scores, fold proteins from noisy inter-residue distances, and rank the structural models of hard protein targets.
POEM: Pre-procedural Work-Up and Indications

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a transluminal endoscopic procedure which dissects the lower esophageal sphincter via access obtained through a submucosal tunnel. The procedure was first developed as a treatment for achalasia, but its indications have quickly spread. In addition to all the clinical subtypes of achalasia, its indications now include a subset of patients with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, distal esophageal spasm, jackhammer esophagus, and as retreatment following prior achalasia therapy. Current clinical practice suggests that the minimum work-up required prior to POEM should include upper endoscopy and high-resolution manometry. Here we review the growing body of literature regarding indications for POEM and the appropriate work-up including advanced diagnostic testing to identify those patients who are most likely to benefit from LES targeted therapy.
The Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the PROMIS and QuickDASH Instruments in a Nonshoulder Hand and Upper Extremity Patient Population

Purpose The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is used in research and clinical settings as a benchmark to gauge improvement following treatment. The purpose of this study was to provide anchor-based MCID estimates for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and legacy instruments in a nonshoulder hand and upper extremity population. Methods Adult patients (≥18 years) seeking care at a tertiary academic outpatient hand surgery clinic completed patient-reported outcome measures on tablet computers between January 2015 and August 2017. Data were collected at baseline and at 6 ± 2 weeks of follow-up. The PROMIS Upper Extremity (UE), Physical Function (PF), and Pain Interference (PI) Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) instruments were administered, along with the shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH). A mean change anchor-based method was used to estimate MCIDs by comparing scores between anchor groups reporting no change versus slightly improved in terms of function and pain. Results Scores for each instrument significantly improved over the study period. With significant differences in scores between groups reporting no change and slightly improved function, anchor-based MCID estimates were calculated as follows: 2.1 for the PROMIS UE CAT, 1.7 for the PROMIS PF CAT, and 6.8 for the QuickDASH. There was no significant difference in PROMIS PI CAT scores between anchor groups when queried for level of pain improvement, precluding estimation of an anchor-based MCID. Conclusions We have provided anchor-based MCID estimates for the PROMIS UE CAT, PROMIS PF CAT, and the QuickDASH for a general nonshoulder hand and upper extremity population. These values may be useful in future research for informing power calculations and when interpreting whether the magnitude of change on these instruments is clinically significant at a population level. Clinical relevance This study provides clinicians with a reference for values that may reflect clinically meaningful changes in scores for patient-reported outcome instruments commonly utilized in the current hand surgery literature.
What Are the Most Commonly Reported Complications With Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Type A Treatments

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to determine the most commonly reported complications with cosmetic botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) treatments. Materials and Methods The present study was a cross-sectional review of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System. From January 2014 through September 2019, records were included in the study sample if they implicated Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA), Dysport (abobotulinumtoxinA), Xeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA), or Jeuveau (prabotulinumtoxinA-xvfs), and if the indication for use had been to perform a cosmetic skin procedure. The study predictors included patient (ie, age, weight, gender) and treatment (ie, product, country of treatment, 10 most common reactions) characteristics. The study outcome was the frequency of serious events as defined by the standard FDA definition for biologic products. A multivariate logistical regression model was created for the study outcome using all significant univariate predictors. Results The final sample included 10,577 reports detailing 29,471 adverse events and covering 1,473 reactions. The mean patient age was 48.4 ± 11.2 years, and nearly all patients were women (95.0%). The most commonly reported events were pain (9.3%), swelling (6.4%), and eyelid/brow ptosis (6.1%). Serious outcomes occurred in 13.5% of patients. In the multivariate model, serious outcomes were independently associated with older age, heavier weight, headache, allergy, vision changes, fatigue, facial paresis, and dizziness but notably were not associated with pain, swelling, or ptosis. Conclusions A wide range of alleged complications have been reported to the FDA, many of which were likely not mediated through injection or direct toxin effects. Patients may have inaccurately attributed some of their symptoms to BTX-A, and providers should be prepared to dispel any misinformation. Local complications such as pain, swelling, and ptosis were the most common reactions but were not associated with serious patient outcomes. However, constitutional symptoms should be approached more carefully.
Are You Picking Up What I Am Laying Down? Ideology in Low-Information Elections:

In November 2017, New Orleans elected the first woman, and first Black woman, mayor in the city’s history. Voters were unable to rely on gender, race, or partisanship to differentiate between the c...
Obesity Does Not Affect Patient-Reported Outcomes following Patellofemoral Arthroplasty

Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) has garnered attention in recent years as an effective alternative to total knee arthroplasty for patients with symptomatic, isolated patellofemoral joint arthritis. Obesity has previously been identified as a risk factor for revision surgery, but its effect on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has not been evaluated. A retrospective review of a consecutive series of PFA surgeries was conducted at a single, specialized orthopedics center in a major urban center. Patients were dichotomized by body mass index (BMI) as obese (O, BMI >30) or nonobese (NO, BMI: 18.5–25). Demographic, surgical information, and PROMs were collected and analyzed accordingly. Seventy-six patients (41 nonobese, 35 obese) were identified. Patients who were obese presented with significantly worse preoperative PROMs regarding knee-specific quality of life, physical function, and MH or mental health (knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score quality of life [KOOS QoL], NO: 26.2, O: 14.7, p = 0.019; KOOS PF, NO: 38.2, O: 50.5, p = 0.002; Veterans Rand-12 mental health [VR-12 MH], NO: 54.2, O: 47.0, p = 0.033). No significant difference was seen in improvement in knee function scores between patients who were obese or nonobese (KOOS QoL, NO: 39.5, O: 40.6, p = 0.898; KOOS PS [physical function], NO: –17.8, O: –17.3, p = 0.945). Additionally, no difference in the rate of PFA revision was observed and there were no postoperative complications reported. Obese patients with isolated PFA can expect the same improvement in function as nonobese patients following patellofemoral joint arthroplasty. This paper underscores the priority of patient selection in PFA and challenges the notion that surgeons should exclude patients from receiving a PFA on the basis of obesity.
Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Proteins in COVID-19: Current Clinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 has led to more than 600 000 deaths worldwide. Patients with severe disease often experience acute respiratory distress characterized by upregulation of multiple cytokines. Immunomodulatory biological therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials for the management of the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary complications in patients with advanced stages of COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the clinical pharmacology considerations in the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic proteins for mitigating the heightened inflammatory response identified in COVID-19.
Future extreme hourly wet bulb temperatures using downscaled climate model projections of temperature and relative humidity

Extreme wet bulb temperatures are important for a number of applications including the proper and efficient design of building cooling systems. Since wet bulb temperature is not directly available from climate model output and design specifications require information at hourly resolution, whereas twice-daily resolution is more typical of climate models, the ability of climate models to replicate the observed climatology is evaluated at a set of US stations. Observed wet bulb extremes can be replicated by applying a spline fit to the twice-daily humidity and temperature observations that simulate the data available from climate models and then minimizing the residual of the equation specifying the change in enthalpy of moist air. On average, these ersatz values are 1 °C colder than the observed values. Climate model simulations for the period 1950–2005 also generally agree with the ersatz observations. At most locations, the model bias is negative (model values colder than the simulated observations) and on average near 1 °C. The largest positive biases occur at the most arid stations and the largest negative biases are found at the coldest locations. Model projections for the mid-twenty-first century indicate that the most extreme wet bulb temperatures will increase by between 1 and 2.3 °C, with the largest increases at the most northern locations. Future warming and wetting appear to result in a translation of the entire wet bulb cumulative distribution function, leading to similar increases regardless of wet bulb temperature. The increase is fairly consistent among different climate models and at each station.
Design of a Small-Scale Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor. Part I: Experimental Characterization

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) has been previously studied in the context of the destruction of organic compounds; however, information regarding the practical design and the details about th...
Echinococcal/Hydatid Cysts of the Liver

Human hydatid disease, also known as echinococcosis, is caused by infection with dog tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. Although the parasite’s life cycle is understood, considerable obstacles remain in the quest to prevent further disease transmission, and the incidence of this infection remains high among many populations. Diagnostic and therapeutic tools for echinococcosis have improved in recent decades, but challenges persist in both arenas. This chapter focuses on the epidemiology, microbiology, prevention, diagnosis, and therapy for hydatid cysts of the liver – the most common organ site of clinical disease.
Analysis and Synthesis of Image Patterns by Spatial Interaction Models

Abstract We will consider various types of spatial interaction models for representing images. Some of the models considered are the recursive models, simultaneous and conditional Markov models over infinite lattices and finite lattice models. Every model is characterized by a set of neighbors, the corresponding coefficients and an independent random sequence with prespecified probability density. We analyze the models and evaluate their second order properties like covariance function, spectral density etc. in terms of the model parameters. Procedures are given for synthesizing an image of each type starting from a set of random variates obtained from a random number generator. Statistical procedures have been developed for determining the appropriate type of model for each image and for estimating the unknown parameters in the model from the given image. Numerical results regarding the synthesis and estimation algorithms are also given. We also compare these models with the random mosaic models.
Power Considerations in Network Processor Design

Publisher Summary This chapter develops an analytic model for power consumption of network processor systems on a chip. Its combination with the performance model shows how both models can be used to yield an understanding of power issues for these systems. The power model is verified through comparison with the Wattch toolkit, with an average error of only 8%. Using a workload derived from the CommBench benchmark for model parametrization, quantitative results for various performance metrics are obtained. This enables the determination of optimal network processor configurations in terms of cache configurations and the number of processors per memory interface. This is an important step toward developing network processor architectures that yield high processing power, but are also within the power constraints of realistic systems. A summary of the results and a number of design conclusions that follow from the analysis are also presented in the chapter.
Enzymes Released from Escherichia coli With the Aid of a Servall Cell Fractionator

The release and stability of the enzymes S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase, lysine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, glutamic decarboxylase, formic hydrogenlyase, formic oxidase, and glucose oxidase from Escherichia coli during disruption of the organisms in a Servall-Ribi refrigerated cell fractionator were examined. With the possible exception of arginine decarboxylase, maximal activity was retained by all the enzymes reported here when the cell suspensions were processed at pressures necessary for rupture of all the organisms (15,000 to 25,000 psi). Considerable variation in the stability of different enzymes liberated by disruption at higher pressures (45,000 to 55,000 psi) was observed. It is reasonable to assume that mechanical forces rather than effects of temperature are responsible for inactivation of these enzymes.
Design of E-shaped dual-band and wideband patch antennas using parallel PSO/FDTD algorithm

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is applied in this paper to the design of E-shaped patch antennas. Different fitness functions are utilized to denote different antenna performance, and a finite difference time domain (FDTD) analyzer evaluates these fitness functions. The optimization is executed on the parallel clusters to reduce the computational time. The measurement of the fabricated optimal antennas shows satisfactory dual-band (about -20dB S/sub 11/ at 1.8GHz/2.4GHz) and wideband (more than 30% S/sub 11/<-10dB bandwidth) properties.
Inequality and the Rule of Law

There is a perennial debate regarding whether we should care about relative deprivation – inequality – or only about absolute deprivation – poverty. In this paper I offer a reason to care about inequality per se. I develop a theory connecting high levels of inequality to the failure to develop mechanisms to effectively protect and enforce formal rights enshrined in constitutions and laws. I argue that, in order to become effective, rights require the intended beneficiaries to develop and engage with a network of ancillary supporting institutions, formal and informal. Both engaging with these supporting institutions and developing them in the first place involves a struggle between those who would benefit from and those who would bear the burden of the rights in question. When there is within this dyad significant inequality in favor of the burden-bearer, the rights in question are likely to remain purely formal. The key to the denial of rights at this micro-level, then, is differential access to “legal” resources. Moreover, democracy, under conditions of high inequality and the globalization of human rights norms, distributes law-making influence more broadly than legal capacity. As a result, such democracies develop formal rights that far exceed the capacity of the purported beneficiaries to appropriate and put to use. This produces the particular brand of unrule of law evident in much of the developing world today – a constantly improving palette of formal rights that remain largely unrealized. The perception that the rule of law in the developing world is worsening is, in this view, attributable to the fact that the legal target is moving away from the reality, rather than because the reality is drifting away from the legal norm. Evidence for the argument is found in intra- and cross-country variation: effective legal regimes arise surrounding rights for the middle class and other effectively empowered groups (including traditionally marginalized groups who attain significant political power), while rights for groups that remain disempowered remain purely formal; and in countries where material inequality is improving, rights are becoming more effective.
RNA Synthesis in Cells Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus VII. Control of Transcription and of Transcript Abundancies of Unique and Common Sequences of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2

Analysis of the kinetics of hybridization in liquid of labeled herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 DNAs with excess unlabeled RNA extracted at 2 (early) and 8 (late) h postinfection revealed the following. (i) The RNA transcripts present in the HSV-1-infected cells at 2 and 8 h postinfection are complementary to 44 and 48% of HSV-1 DNA. The RNA transcripts present in the HSV-2-infected cells at 2 and 8 h postinfection are complementary to 21 and 50% of HSV-2 DNA. (ii) The transcripts present in 2-h HSV-1- or HSV-2-infected cells treated with cycloheximide are complementary to 44 and 45% of the respective DNAs. (iii) The RNA transcripts present in the HSV-1-infected cells at 2 h postinfection and in HSV-2-infected cells at 8 h postinfection form 2 classes, abundant and scarce, differing in molar concentrations. The RNA transcripts present in the HSV-2-infected cells at 2 h postinfection form only one abundance class. (iv) The transcripts present in the HSV-1-infected cells at 8 h postinfection are complementary to 24% of HSV-2 DNA and therefore 50% of the transcribed HSV-1 sequences are shared by the two viruses. Of the RNA sequences complementary to HSV-2 DNA, 13% arise from HSV-1 templates specifying abundant RNA and 11% arise from HSV-1 templates specifying scarce RNA. Thus, the DNA sequences shared in common by HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNAs constitute 71% of the HSV-1 templates specifying abundant RNA and 39% of sequences specifying scarce RNA.
Inhaled nitric oxide and pulmonary vasoreactivity.

Inhaled nitric oxide is a ubiquitous molecule which is produced endogenously and is also found in air pollution and in cigarette smoke. After describing the chemistry of NO, we review its history from the first description in 1980 to the current clinical indications. The biosynthesis of NO, its effects on pulmonary vasoreactivity, and the administration of inhaled NO will be described. The indications, uses, and side effects of inhaled NO are discussed with an emphasis on withdrawal of NO therapy, specifically the “rebound” phenomenon. Possible drug interactions are listed. Inhaled nitric oxide is here to stay, and future studies will provide more information on its therapeutic dose, duration and potential toxicity.
Action at a Distance--Bacterial Flagellar Assembly

The rotating motion of a helical flagellum enables a bacterium to swim toward positive stimuli and away from danger. But how is the flagellum, composed of many different proteins, assembled? In a Perspective, Macnab explains how subunits of the protein flagellin flow down a channel inside the flagellum and are then added to its tip through the action of a rotating pentameric cap complex ( Yonekura et al. ).