cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lay Health Educators Translate a Weight-Loss Intervention in Senior Centers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Older adults have high obesity rates and respond well to evidence-based weight-loss programs, such as the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Lifestyle intervention. The goal of this study was to determine whether a translation of the DPP Lifestyle program delivered by lay health educators and conducted in senior centers is effective in promoting weight loss among older adults. Design An RCT with older adults nested within senior centers. Senior centers identified lay health educators to receive training and deliver the intervention program at the senior center. Senior centers were randomized to DPP Lifestyle program or an attention control intervention (cognitive training). Setting/participants Senior centers (N=15) located throughout Arkansas. Participants (N=228) were obese (BMI=34.5±4.9) older (aged 71.2±6.6 years) adults able to engage in moderate exercise. Follow-up data were collected at 4 months on 93% of the original cohort between February 2009 and July 2010. Interventions A 12-session translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle behavioral weight-control program delivered in group sessions by trained lay health educators. Main outcome measures Body weight was assessed by digital scale. Percentage weight loss from baseline and proportion achieving ≥5% and ≥7% weight loss were examined. Analyses were completed in March 2011. Results Participants attending senior centers randomized to Lifestyle lost a significantly greater percentage of baseline weight (3.8%, 95% CI=2.9%, 4.6%) than those in the control senior centers (0.2%, 95% CI= -0.6%, -0.9%) after adjusting for baseline BMI and gender (p Conclusions A behavioral lifestyle weight-loss intervention delivered by a lay health educator offers a promising vehicle for translation of evidence-based obesity treatment programs in underserved areas. Trial registration This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.govNCT01377506.
Neuronal Motility and Structure: Cdk5 Pathways

Signaling pathways involving cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) are now well established as major regulators of cytoskeletal function during the neuronal migration program. When taken in combination with other signaling pathways, such as those involving Reelin, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate neuronal positioning and brain development is becoming more complete. This article details the phenotypes of mice with Cdk5 deficiencies and provides an overview of the known Cdk5 signaling pathways that mediate neuronal motility and axon guidance.
Serious Play: Sir John Harington’s Material-Textual Errancy in Orlando Furioso in English Heroical Verse (1591)

Sir John Harington’s Orlando Furioso in English Heroical Verse (1591) is a significant example of material-textual Englishing: under the direction of Harington, his book’s emblematic title page, copperplate engravings, typography, mise-en-page, and commentary apparatus are all transmutations of the preeminent Italian editions of the sixteenth century, most notably Francesco de Franceschi’s lavish 1584 edition. This article traces how Harington cannily deploys his bibliographic code in metatextual and metavisual ways to call attention to how the material-textual manipulates the reader’s experience. In what could be called an act of early postmodern deconstruction, Harington playfully dismantles the edifying structures of pragmatic humanism in the same way that romance dissolves epic.
Abstract # 3119 I am woman, watch me soar: females protected from cosmic ray-induced behavioral deficits, microglia activation and synaptic loss

Interplanetary exploration will be humankind’s most ambitious expedition and the journey required to do so, is as intimidating as it is intrepid. One major obstacle for successful deep space travel is the negative effects of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) exposure. Here, we investigate how GCR impacts long-term behavioral and cellular responses in male and female mice. We find that a single exposure to GCR can induce long-term behavioral deficits in male cohorts, characterized by diminished social interaction, increased anxiety-like phenotype and impaired recognition memory. Remarkably, we find that the female cohorts did not display any behavioral deficits caused by GCR exposure. Mechanistically, we identify that the maladaptive behavioral responses in the male, GCR-exposed cohorts correspond with microglia activation and synaptic loss in the hippocampus, a brain region involved in the cognitive domains reported here. Furthermore, we measured reductions in AMPA expressing synaptic terminals measured in the hippocampus. Taken together these findings suggest that GCR exposure can regulate microglia activity and alter synaptic architecture which in turn leads to a range of cognitive alterations. These novel results identify sex-dependent differences in cognitive domains revealing promising cellular and molecular intervention targets to reduce GCR-induced chronic cognitive deficits. Improved understanding of these differences boosts chances of success for humans in deep space missions such as the upcoming Mars voyage.
Drafting Soldiers: The Military in Giovanni Verga

ABSTRACTThis article examines the theme of the military in the writings of Giovanni Verga in order to show its continued importance, and to shed new light on the cultural dimension of conscription ...
Using the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders With Youth Exhibiting Anger and Irritability

Abstract The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP-C and UP-A) are evidence-based treatment programs with cognitive-behavioral and third-wave behavior therapy elements, aimed at extinguishing distress to intense emotion states and reducing unhelpful action tendencies in such states among youth with emotional disorders. A growing body of literature demonstrates the high prevalence of problematic anger and irritability among youth with emotional disorders, yet evidence-based treatments to address anger and irritability are typically developed more exclusively for youth with externalizing disorders. Given this need, a clinical case example of the UP-C applied to a child with anger and irritability is presented. Application of transdiagnostic theory to both conventional anxiety concerns and to irritability concerns is discussed. We demonstrate the flexibility and utility of a transdiagnostic approach like the UP-A and UP-C for addressing concerns across a range of emotions.
Conservative Management and Organ Preservation in a Unique Case of Group A Streptococcus Infection Causing Splenomegaly, Splenic Infarction, and Non-Traumatic Rupture Leading to Intra-Abdominal Abscess and Pleural Empyema

Non-traumatic splenic rupture (NSR) is a clinical oddity. Most splenic ruptures occur due to trauma. Splenic abscess formation is also a rare occurrence. Majority of splenic infections are secondary to splenic infarction or infection that originates external to the spleen. We present a unique case of a 40-year-old previously healthy woman who presented with splenomegaly, splenic infection, infarction, non-traumatic rupture, abscess formation, and pleural empyema positive for group A Streptococcus pyogenes . She initially presented to the emergency department complaining of worsening epigastric abdominal pain, fever, chills, and progressive shortness of breath. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly with infarcts and lacerations. Elaborate hematologic, thromboembolic, and oncological workup were essentially negative. She was managed non-operatively with a long course of antibiotics and pleural and intra-abdominal drainage. Clin Infect Immun. 2019;4(2):31-36 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/cii80
HNF4 Regulates Fatty Acid Oxidation and Is Required for Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells in Mice.

Background & Aims Functions of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are regulated by diet and metabolic pathways. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) family are transcription factors that bind fatty acids. We investigated how HNF4 transcription factors regulate metabolism and their functions in ISCs in mice. Methods We performed studies with Villin-CreERT2;Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreERT2;Hnf4αf/f;Hnf4γCrispr/Crispr mice, hereafter referred to Hnf4αγDKO. Mice were given tamoxifen to induce Cre recombinase. Mice transgenic with only Cre alleles (Villin-CreERT2, Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreERT2, Hnf4α+/+, and Hnf4γ+/+) or mice given vehicle were used as controls. Crypt and villus cells were isolated, incubated with fluorescently labeled fatty acids or glucose analog, and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Fatty acid oxidation activity and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites were measured in cells collected from the proximal half of the small intestine of Hnf4αγDKO and control mice. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene expression profiling analyses to identify genes regulated by HNF4 factors. We established organoids from duodenal crypts, incubated them with labeled palmitate or acetate, and measured production of TCA cycle metabolites or fatty acids. Acetate, a precursor of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) (a product of fatty acid β-oxidation [FAO]), or dichloroacetate, a compound that promotes pyruvate oxidation and generation of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA, were used for metabolic intervention. Results Crypt cells rapidly absorbed labeled fatty acids, and messenger RNA levels of Lgr5+ stem cell markers (Lgr5, Olfm4, Smoc2, Msi1, and Ascl2) were down-regulated in organoids incubated with etomoxir, an inhibitor of FAO, indicating that FAO was required for renewal of ISCs. HNF4A and HNF4G were expressed in ISCs and throughout the intestinal epithelium. Single knockout of either HNF4A or HNF4G did not affect maintenance of ISCs, but double-knockout of HNF4A and HNF4G resulted in ISC loss; stem cells failed to renew. FAO supports ISC renewal, and HNF4 transcription factors directly activate FAO genes, including Acsl5 and Acsf2 (encode regulators of acyl-CoA synthesis), Slc27a2 (encodes a fatty acid transporter), Fabp2 (encodes fatty acid binding protein), and Hadh (encodes hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase). In the intestinal epithelium of Hnf4αγDKO mice, expression levels of FAO genes, FAO activity, and metabolites of TCA cycle were all significantly decreased, but fatty acid synthesis transcripts were increased, compared with control mice. The contribution of labeled palmitate or acetate to the TCA cycle was reduced in organoids derived from Hnf4αγDKO mice, compared with control mice. Incubation of organoids derived from double-knockout mice with acetate or dichloroacetate restored stem cells. Conclusions In mice, the transcription factors HNF4A and HNF4G regulate the expression of genes required for FAO and are required for renewal of ISCs.
COMMcast: Producing podcasts for communication theory

Students are often inseparable from Internet and streaming services through various technologies. This reality invites instructors to think about nuanced ways of employing technologies to engage st...
Chiral Magnetism and High-Temperature Skyrmions in B20-Ordered Co-Si

Magnets with chiral crystal structures and helical spin structures have recently attracted much attention as potential spin-electronics materials, but their relatively low magnetic-ordering temperatures are a disadvantage. While cobalt has long been recognized as an element that promotes high-temperature magnetic ordering, most Co-rich alloys are achiral and exhibit collinear rather than helimagnetic order. Crystallographically, the B20-ordered compound CoSi is an exception due to its chiral structure, but it does not exhibit any kind of magnetic order. Here, we use nonequilibrium processing to produce B20-ordered ${\mathrm{Co}}_{1+x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ with a maximum Co solubility of $x=0.043$. Above a critical excess-Co content (${x}_{c}=0.028$), the alloys are magnetically ordered, and for $x=0.043$, a critical temperature ${T}_{c}=328\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$ is obtained, the highest among all B20-type magnets. The crystal structure of the alloy supports spin spirals caused by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, and from magnetic measurements we estimate that the spirals have a periodicity of about 17 nm. Our density-functional calculations explain the combination of high magnetic-ordering temperature and short periodicity in terms of a quantum phase transition where excess-cobalt spins are coupled through the host matrix.
Predicting Multiple Properties of Pervious Concrete through the Gaussian Process Regression

Pervious concrete creates a very porous medium that allows water to penetrate the pavement to underlying soils. It is a promising candidate in permeable pavement systems in urban areas, which could be an efficient solution to sustainable drainage systems. Concrete mixture design usually requires labor-intensive and time-consuming work, which involves a significant amount of “trial batching” approaches. Recently, machine learning methods have demonstrated that a robust model might help reduce the experimental work. Thus, we develop the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model to shed light on the relationship between predictors (nominal coarse aggregate sizes, cement content, water-to-cement ratios, and coarse aggregates content) and each of the different properties (density, compressive strength, tensile strength, and porosity) of pervious concrete. The modeling approach has a high degree of accuracy and stability, contributing to fast, low-cost estimations of multiple properties of pervious concrete.
When should retailers increase prices during a crisis? A longitudinal inquiry during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract The consumer price index in the United States has increased since the COVID-19 outbreak Little is known about how consumers perceive price increases during such a crisis Our research focuses on how consumers' price fairness perceptions change at different time points of the COVID-19 pandemic Results from a longitudinal study (April?May, 2020, N = 271) suggest that when the lockdown restrictions were eased, consumers experienced changes in affect and perceived price increases to be less unfair Our analysis reveals that such an effect was driven by changes in positive affect rather than negative affect This research advances pricing literature by showing that affect, triggered by external situations such as a crisis, influences price fairness perceptions over and above the negative affect induced by the price increase
Introduction to Issue 64(5).

Dear Readers,I am happy to introduce another wonderful issue of the Journal of Gerontological Social Work! This issue opens with a Letter to the Editor from Iwuagwu and Kalu, introducing readers to...
248 Endoscopic Versus Surgical Necrosectomy for Management of Walled-off Pancreatic Necrosis: A Health Care Utilization Comparison

surgery. Professional fees used 2010 Medicare rates for metropolitan Boston. Follow-up admissions were included if pancreatic necrosis or its sequelae were reason for admission. Means were compared with Student’s t-test and proportions with Fisher’s Exact test. All statistics are reported as mean SEM. Results: 19 patients had DEN and 21 had PCD. Baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Illness severity by APACHE II and Charlson Comorbidity Index were similar between groups. DEN required 1.79 0.2 endoscopies, while PCD required 1.86 0.2 catheter placements (p 0.81). 16/19 DEN patients achieved clinical success with DEN alone versus 4/21 PCD patients undergoing PCD alone (p 0.001). 3/19 DEN patients proceeded to PCD. 15/21 PCD patients proceeded to surgical necrosectomy after 3.2 0.8 weeks, and 2/21 proceeded to DEN after 2 and 52 weeks. Complications, defined as bleeding, fistula, and wound infection, occurred in 3/19 after DEN vs 2/21 after PCD (p 0.65). ICU LOS was 0.1 0.1 days after DEN versus 7.9 3.7 days after PCD (p 0.05); floor LOS was 5.4 1.3 days after DEN versus 9.7 1.9 days after PCD (p 0.04). Categorized charges are compared in Table 2, including charges for 3 subsequent PCD after failed DEN and charges for 15 subsequent surgeries and 2 subsequent DEN after failed PCD (see ‘Charge until resolution’). Conclusions: Patients undergoing DEN had significantly shorter post-procedure LOS and less health care utilization than patients undergoing PCD. This may have been due to more effective resolution of necrosis after DEN. The utilization differential was even larger when considering charges for subsequent therapy until resolution was achieved. These data suggest that DEN as first-line therapy of WOPN is a more efficient use of resources, and that PCD may be better reserved for adjuvant treatment and management of endoscopically inaccessible collections.
Wave-Induced Mass Transport in Water Waves

The Eulerian mass transport under water waves is studied for an inviscid fluid using finite amplitude wave theories. The distribution of the transport over the water depth for example waves is shown to be confined to a region above the wave trough and is of lesser magnitude than predicted by Airy wave theory. A measured mean velocity is defined to examine the effect of time—averaging over the duration of immersion, and its variation over the water column is also shown. Finally, the presence of a linear shear current in the direction of the wave is shown to alter the total mass transport principally by superposition.
Functional independence of monomeric CHIP28 water channels revealed by expression of wild-type mutant heterodimers

CHIP28 is a major water transporting protein in erythrocytes and kidney which forms tetramers in membranes (Verbavatz, J. M., Brown, D., Sabolic, I., Valenti, G., Ausiello, D. A., Van Hoek, A. N., Ma, T., and Verkman, A. S. (1993) J. Cell Biol. 123, 605-618). To determine whether CHIP28 monomers function independently, chimeric cDNA dimers were constructed which contained wild-type CHIP28 in series with either wild-type CHIP28, a non-water transporting CHIP28 mutant (C189W), or a functional but mercurial-insensitive CHIP28 mutant (C189S). Transcribed cRNAs were injected in Xenopus oocytes and plasma membrane expression was assayed by quantitative immunofluorescence. Water channel function was measured by osmotically induced swelling. CHIP28 homo- and heterodimers were targeted to the oocyte plasma membrane and functioned as water channels. Relative osmotic water permeability (Pf) values (normalized for plasma membrane expression of monomeric subunits) were: 1.0 (CHIP28 monomer), 0.0 (C189W), 1.07 (C189S), 1.10 (CHIP28-CHIP28 dimer) and 0.52 (CHIP28-C189W). The increase in oocyte Pf was linearly related to plasma membrane expression of wild-type CHIP28 and C189S subunits. HgCl2 (0.3 mM) inhibited channel-mediated Pf in oocytes expressing wild-type CHIP28 monomers and dimers by 85-90%, but did not inhibit Pf in oocytes expressing C189S. HgCl2 inhibited Pf in oocytes expressing CHIP28-C189S dimers by 44 +/- 7%, consistent with one mercurial-sensitive and one insensitive subunit in the heterodimer. These results indicate that despite their assembly in tetramers, monomeric CHIP28 subunits function independently as water channels.
The transcendent Greek [keynote speech abstract]

Summary form only given, as follows. Ever wish you were better at getting a date? Or just remembering names? Have trouble getting a fair shake at your annual job review? Are you the last one to hear about the corporate reorg? Computers are now becoming socially aware, and that means we can begin to augment our social reality. I will describe a series of machine perception tools that sense social signals and map social networks, and then use AR interfaces that may someday help you get a date, get a job, and get a raise.
Upper Gastrointestinal Evaluation Related to the Pelvic Floor

A variety of upper GI motility disorders have been described. These conditions are known to occur in high frequency in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and may be associated with other disorders of pelvic floor dysfunction.
Abnormal prothrombin in the plasma of rats carrying hepatic tumors

Vitamin K is required for the posttranslational formation of gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues in a number of plasma clotting factors. Interference with vitamin K action results in the appearance of abnormal (des-gamma-carboxy) forms of prothrombin in human plasma. Vitamin K-sufficient patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma also secrete significant quantities of abnormal prothrombin; this response has now been studied in a rat model. Normal Buffalo strain rats had 9 micrograms/mL of circulating plasma abnormal prothrombin, whereas Buffalo strain rats carrying the transplantable Morris hepatoma tumor no. 7777 had 33 micrograms/mL at 3 weeks after transplant. Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity was normal in the liver of these rats, but very low in the tumor tissue. Rats carrying Morris hepatoma tumors no. 9618A and 5123D did not secrete significant amounts of abnormal prothrombin. Carboxylase activity in these tumors was 15 times that of the 7777 tumor. The data suggest that the secretion of abnormal prothrombin by hepatocellular tumors is the result of normal expression of the prothrombin gene by those tumors and a failure of the tumor to express the carboxylase gene.
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPLIANT SEAL FOR USE IN PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS

We have developed a deformable seal for planar solid oxide fuel cells (pSOFCs) that can accommodate significant thermal mismatch between the adjoining components and still remain hermetic. Essentially composed of a thin stamped metal foil bonded to both sealing surfaces, the seal offers a quasi-dynamic mechanical response to thermally generated stresses. It remains well adhered to both faying surfaces, i.e. non-sliding, but readily yields or deforms under modest thermo-mechanical loading, thereby mitigating the transfer of these stresses to the adjacent ceramic and metal components. Initial thermal testing demonstrates that the seal retains its original hermeticity and strength after a number of rapid cycles between {approx}75 C and 750 C.
“The Magical Scent of the Savage”: Colonial Violence, the Crisis of Civilization, and the Origins of the Legalist Paradigm of War

Since the beginning of time, war has been accompanied by atrocity. While there were attempts to regulate such violence, for most of history the penchant toward deliberate atrocity was largely viewed as a political or military problem. During World War II, however, the Allies declared that wartime atrocity was not only morally reprehensible, but also legally actionable and this declaration represented the triumph of a new paradigm for how to think about the conduct of war, the “legalist paradigm.” This Article describes the emergence of the legalist paradigm and argues that the emergence of the legalist paradigm of war was a response to the breakdown of a long-standing civilizational consensus among European Elites.
In situ mechanical and electrical characterization of individual TiO2 nanofibers using a nanomanipulator system.

Summary Young's modulus and electrical resistivity of individual titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofibers were characterized using a nanomanipulator system installed in a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) dual-beam Scanning Electron Microscope system. Young's modulus of individual nanofibers was deduced from the analysis of their in situ resonance behavior in response to an oscillating electric field. The electrical behavior of a single nanofiber was also analyzed by a two-point method probed by a nanomanipulator. These results will contribute to the design of devices based on single TiO2 nanofibers, as well as devices based on nanofiber networks. The methods presented here can also be applied to characterize other one-dimensional nanostructures. SCANNING 34: 341–346, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ca-UO2-CO3 complexation – implications for bioremediation of U(VI)

An attractive remediation strategy for the removal of highly soluble U(VI) from groundwater is microbial reduction of soluble U(VI) to U(IV) as insoluble uraninite. The feasibility of this remediation strategy depends on the rate and extent of microbial reduction of U(VI) in the presence of ions commonly found in groundwater that can form complexes with uranyl. Recently, Ca in solutions with U(VI) has been shown to inhibit microbial reduction of U(VI). Indirect evidence supports the formation of a Ca-UO2-CO3 complex that may be responsible for the limited microbial reduction of U(VI) in the presence of Ca, but direct evidence for the formation of a Ca-UO2-CO3 complex is needed for verification. X-ray absorption fine-structure measurements of solutions containing 50 μM U(VI) and 30 mM bicarbonate, with and without 5 mM Ca, were made to determine whether a Ca-UO2-CO3 complex was present. These results are discussed.
Hydrocyanation by Homogeneous Catalysis

The homogeneous catalysis of hydrocyanation is discussed with particular reference to the hydrocyanation of butadiene to adiponitrile, as employed in the commercial synthesis of nylon. Nickel complexes with bulky phosphite ligands are most effective and the mechanism is discussed. Asymmetric versions of the reaction are also discussed. Keywords: nickel; phosphite; hydrogen cyanide; isomerization; asymmetric
The differential regulation of human ACT1 isoforms by Hsp90 in IL-17 signaling

IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including psoriasis. ACT1 is an essential adaptor molecule in the IL-17 signaling pathway. A missense single nucleotide polymorphism (rs33980500; SNP-D10N) that resulted in the substitution of an asparagine for an aspartic acid at position 10 of ACT1 (ACT1-D10N) is associated with psoriasis susceptibility. Due to alternative splicing in humans, SNP-D10N encodes two mutated ACT1 proteins, ACT1-D10N and ACT1-D19N. Although both ACT1 isoforms are Hsp90 client proteins, the nine additional amino acids in ACT1-D19N provide an additional Hsp90 binding site that is absent in ACT1-D10N. Therefore, whereas ACT1-D10N is a dead protein that is unable to transduce IL-17 signals for gene expression, ACT1-D19N is fully responsive to IL-17. Intriguingly, the two ACT1 isoforms are differentially expressed in ACT1(D10N/D10N) fibroblasts and T cells. Fibroblasts express both isoforms equally, enabling ACT1-D19N to compensate for the loss of ACT1-D10N function. ACT1(D10N/D10N) T cells, however, express predominantly ACT1-D10N. Lacking this compensatory mechanism, ACT1(D10N/D10N) T cells behave like ACT1-deficient T cells, exhibiting a dysregulated and hyperactive Th17 phenotype with overproduction of IL-22 and IL-17. The hyperactive Th17 response combined with fully responsive fibroblasts likely synergized to contribute to psoriasis susceptibility in SNP-D10N patients.
Identification and characterization of the p35 gene of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus that prevents virus-induced apoptosis.

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) genome revealed the existence of a gene homologous to the p35 gene of Autographa californica NPV (AcNPV), which has been shown to prevent virus-induced apoptosis. The BmNPV p35 gene showed 96.1% nucleotide and 89.6% predicted amino acid sequence identity to the AcNPV p35 gene. A mutant BmNPV (BmP35Z) lacking a functional p35 gene induced apoptosis-like cell degradation in infected BmN cells. However, unlike the p35-deleted AcNPV mutant (vAcAnh), BmP35Z replicated normally and produced polyhedral inclusion bodies. The patterns of protein synthesis and the percentages of viable BmN cells remaining following infection with either wild-type BmNPV or BmP35Z were nearly identical. BmP35Z also replicated in silkworm larvae without showing any apparent apoptotic response in infected hemocytes, fat body, or other tissues. Time to death of larvae infected with BmP35Z was similar to that for wild-type-infected larvae, and significant numbers of polyhedral inclusion bodies were produced. These results indicate that viral factors (or genes) other than p35 or host cell factors play a role in inducing, accelerating, or interfering with apoptotic processes. The evolution of baculovirus genomes is also discussed with reference to comparative analysis of the p35 and p94 gene sequences. The p94 gene is found immediately upstream of p35 in AcNPV; in BmNPV, however, the p94 gene was nearly completely missing, presumably because of large deletions in a BmNPV ancestor virus having a gene similar to the AcNPV p94 gene. Images
Integrated Approach to Airborne Laser Communication

Lasers offer tremendous advantages over RF communication systems in bandwidth and security, due to their ultrahigh frequency and narrow spatial beamwidth. Unfortunately, atmospheric turbulence causes severe received power variations and significant bit error rates (BERs) in free-space optical communication (FSOC). Airborne optical communication systems require special considerations in size, complexity, power, and weight. We alleviate the deleterious effects of turbulence by integrating multiple techniques into an on/off keying direct detection system. Wave optics simulations show a combination of transmitter diversity, receiver and transmitter trackers, and adaptive thresholding significantly reduces the BER in air-to-air FSOC (up to 13 dB). Two transmitters alone provide a significant BER improvement over one transmitter, especially for the strong turbulence regime with up to a 9 dB improvement. Two beams also provide a reduction in fade length, indicating they will probably provide even greater improvement with interleaving and forward error correction coding.
To be or not to be?: Accreditation, credentialing, and applied developmental psychology

Abstract Developmental psychologists working on problems outside traditional academic settings, and faculty training students to meet the challenges of applying developmental psychology to practical problems are confronting issues formerly encountered by members of traditional fields of applied psychology. One of these issues is field regulation currently effectuated through APA accreditation of doctoral degree programs and state licensure of individuals graduating from such programs. APA is in the process of considering significant revisions in the scope of its accreditation policies. This article first presents a brief description of the APA accreditation system and the relationship of accreditation to statutory licensure. The article then focuses on why applied developmental psychologists may or may not select the accreditation route and implications of such choices for the field, graduate programs, and individuals engaged in applied developmental activities.
Individual Differences in Eyewitness Recall Accuracy

Abstract Fifty-two American college students appraised their observational accuracy on an 8-item scale prior to viewing an unexpected videotaped crime: a neutral scenario of students studying outdoors or a similar scenario, which ended with a purse snatching. Immediately after viewing and also 48 hr later, they were asked 10 descriptive questions about what they had seen. Self-reported ability to remember detail was significantly correlated with accuracy in overall memory for specifics and memory of specifics about the female target. Self-appraisal of ability to describe people was significantly correlated with memory of color details for the female target. These effects did not differ between the emotional and neutral groups. Findings are discussed in terms of the confidence-accuracy debate in the legal system.
Sharps-related injuries in California healthcare facilities: pilot study results from the Sharps Injury Surveillance Registry.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In 1998, the California Department of Health Services invited all healthcare facilities in California (n = 2,532) to participate in a statewide, voluntary sharps injury surveillance project. The objectives were to determine whether a low-cost sharps registry could be established and maintained, and to evaluate the circumstances surrounding sharps injuries in California. RESULTS: Approximately 450 facilities responded and reported a total of 1,940 sharps-related injuries from January 1998 through January 2000. Injuries occurred in a variety of healthcare workers (80 different job titles). Nurses sustained the highest number of injuries (n = 658). In hospital settings (n = 1,780), approximately 20% of the injuries were associated with drawing venous blood, injections, or assisting with a procedure such as suturing. As expected, injuries were caused by tasks conventionally related to specific job classifications. The overall results approximate those reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Surveillance System for Health Care Workers and the University of Virginia's Exposure Prevention Information Network. CONCLUSION: These data further support findings from previous studies documenting the complex and persistent nature of sharps-related injuries in healthcare workers. In the future, mandated reporting using standardized forms and consistent application of decision rules would facilitate a more thorough analysis of injury events.
Spatially resolved biosensing with a molded plasmonic crystal

The authors report the use of a type of quasi-three-dimensional plasmonic crystal for spatially resolved detection of biochemical binding events, with a spatial resolution of tens of microns and submonolayer binding sensitivity. In demonstration experiments, fibrinogen patterns nonspecifically adsorbed to the crystal surface were spatially and spectroscopically resolved using monochromatic and white light illumination. The experimental simplicity of the fabrication and use of these sensors, their compact form factors together with the high detection sensitivities and spatial resolution that can be achieved, collectively make these devices interesting as candidates for label-free array-based bioanalytical detection.
Genital lentiginosis: a clinical and histopathologic study.

We studied the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of melanotic macules of the penis and vulva. The 10 lesions studied were relatively large (up to 2 cm), multifocal, irregular in outline; and had variegated pigmentation. Most were regarded as clinically atypical in appearance. Histologic examination of the lesions showed basal layer hyperpigmentation, slight melanocytic hyperplasia, epithelial hyperplasia, and stromal melanophages. No cytologic atypia of melanocytes was detectable. Information is insufficient at present to predict the natural history of genital lentiginosis or its relation to mucocutaneous melanoma.
Hybrid reflection type metasurface of nano-antennas designed for optical needle field generation

We propose a reflection type metal-insulator-metal (MIM) metasurface composed of hybrid optical antennas for comprehensive spatial engineering the properties of optical fields. Its capability is illustrated with an example to create a radially polarized vectorial beam for optical needle field generation. Functioning as local quarter-wave-plates (QWP), the MIM metasurface is designed to convert circularly polarized incident into local linear polarization to create an overall radial polarization with corresponding binary phases and desired normalized amplitude modulation ranged from 0.07 to 1. To obtain enough degrees of freedom, the optical-antenna layer comprises periodic arrangements of double metallic nano-bars with perpendicular placement and single nano-bars respectively for different amplitude modulation requirements. Both of the antennas enable to introduce π/2 retardation while reaching the desired modulation range both for phase and amplitude. Through adjusting the antennas’ geometry and array carefully, we shift the gap-surface plasmon resonances facilitated by optical antennas to realize the manipulation of vectorial properties. Designed at 1064 nm wavelength, the particularly generated vectorial light output can be further tightly focused by a high numerical aperture objective to obtain longitudinally polarized flat-top focal field. The so-called optical needle field is a promising candidate for novel applications that transcend disciplinary boundaries. The proposed metasurface establishes a new class of compact optical components based on nano-scale structures, leading to compound functions for vectorial light generation.
Detecting cycles in dynamic graphs in polynomial time

Consider a digraph which has labels on its edges which are k-dimensional vectors. In this paper we show it is possible in polynomial time to determine if such a digraph contains a zero cycle, i.e., a cycle whose edge labels sum to the zero vector component-wise. This solves the open problem of finding cycles in dynamic graphs which was posed by Iwano and Steiglitz. Our solution has a time complexity of O(|V| log(|V|)Z) where Z is the complexity of a linear programming problem. For the important cases of two and three dimensions we present O(Z) time algorithms. The linear programming problems we solve have at most 2|E| variables and O(|E| + |V| + k) constraints.
Perioperative Nursing Challenges for the Russian Émigré Nurse

Three San Francisco organizations participated in an integration program that focused on the design, implementation, and evaluation of a unique training project that prepared Russian emigre nurses for employment in the US health care industry. The Russian Nurse Project is a unique program that affiliates emigre nurses with specific language and cultural skills and focuses on the increasing Russian immigrant patient population. The project's implementation and diversity strategies, as they pertain to the perioperative areas of nursing practice in this country, are described.
The Medical Anthropology of Political Violence: A Cultural and Feminist Agenda

s this volume of MAQ attests, the study of political violence and warfare has become an active site for theoretical and empirical exchanges in medical anthropology.' The reasons for this development can be articulated in global and specific terms. Globally, the unprecedented making and unmaking of violent conflicts in the twentieth century provokes the anthropological question of what it is to be human. This question is pressing whether it is formulated by grieving relatives at mass grave sites in Bosnia-Herzegovina, attending physicians who judge "when to say 'when' " during torture sessions in El Salvador, or scholars, regardless of whether they consider violence to be a natural tendency or a socialized construction. Indeed, warfare and political violence invariably tap into the deepest existential currents of life and death, good and evil, and sickness and health. The making and unmaking of violence must also be set forth specifically in terms of issues that are central to medical anthropology: (1) the cultural structuring and personal, embodied experience of violence; (2) the aftermath of violence and warfare manifest as damage, distress, and disease on the one hand, and resilience, resistance, and healing on the other; and (3) the gender, class, and ethnic dimensions of violence as enacted or endured. The foregoing articles address these issues either implicitly or explicitly with varying degrees of clarity. Before considering the individual contributions, however, I begin by setting forth an analytic summary of cultural issues in theorizing violence.
Uncertainty Quantification in Nonlinear Resonant MEMS

This work is focused on Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) in a nonlinear MEMS T-beam structure exhibiting 1:2 autoparametric internal resonance. The study is presented by elaborating on the sources of uncertainty in fabrication and operation of the device and their quantification. Nonlinear response of the system is formulated by using a two-mode model constructed with lowest two linear modes of the structure in conjunction with the nonlinear Lagrangian representing the dynamics of the beam structure as well as the excitation mechanism. Thus UQ for the nonlinear resonant MEMS is carried out in two steps. First, propagation and quantification in linear analysis outputs namely mode shapes, natural frequencies and tuning, and secondly, UQ on nonlinear response obtained from averaged equations determined by the averaged Lagrangian. In this paper, applications of UQ techniques on linear part are presented and effects of various parameteric uncertainties on model output are brought out. Sensitivity analysis is performed to reduce the number of parameters and a comparison of sensitivity analysis with sampling is done to establish the accuracy of the method. Response surface analysis is performed using generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) to generate an analytical expression for multi-dimensional uncertainty. A detailed description of the gPC collocation method is also presented. A comparison of response surface method with direct sampling is done to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of gPC collocation technique for up to 5 uncertain parameters.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Using Cross-Validation to Find the Optimal Polynomial Model for Pediatric Anthropometric Time-Series Data

Using Cross-Validation to Find the Optimal Polynomial Model for Pediatric Anthropometric Time-Series Data
Stochastic Search in a Forest Revisited

We consider a generalization of the model of stochastic search in an out-forest, introduced and studied by E. V. Denardo, U. G. Rothblum, L. Van der Heyden. 2004. Index policies for stochastic search in a forest with an application to R&D project management. Math. Oper. Res.29(1) 162--181. We provide a simpler proof of the optimality of index-based policies.
New developments in the preparation of counselors.

Since World War II, the emphasis in clinical and counseling psychology has been on training people at the Ph.D. level. While some need for subdoctoral training has been expressed at national conferences, there has been comparatively little actual support for such programs. With the increasing social demand for mental health services, however, some new developments are apparent. Several such new attempts at innovative training programs are reviewed and their implications discussed. A trend is evident for such training to occur outside of universities, to emphasize practical training, and to focus on participatory learning.
The entrance of pyroclastic flows into the sea, II. theoretical considerations on subaqueous emplacement and welding

Abstract Theoretical models of debris flow emplacement suggest that some types of pyroclastic flow can move into and maintain their integrity underwater. These subaqueous flows can be emplaced at high temperature, cooling only tens of degrees centigrade. Due to the high solubility of steam in rhyolitic glass at pressures of tens of bars, there can be a substantial reduction in glass viscosity after emplacement at moderate water depths. We propose that a subaqueous environment can be more favorable to welding than many subaerial environments. Only flows denser than water are capable of a smooth transition into water. At shallow water depths the interaction of water with hot ash at the flow boundary is potentially explosive which could lead to the destruction of some dense flows. Conditions favorable to the passage of a pyroclastic flow into deep water include steep slopes and large flow rates.
Separation of soluble protein from inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli lysate using crossflow microfiltration

Abstract A crossflow membrane filtration process was developed to separate soluble intracellular protein from the debris and inclusion bodies present in a recombinant Escherichia coli cell lysate. Membranes with different chemistries, pore sizes and configurations were screened for high-permeate flux, protein transmission and recovery of water flux after cleaning. Cleaning efficiency was one of the criteria used to select membranes for further testing. To determine the desired transmembrane pressure (TMP), a 0.1 μm polyethersulfone membrane was selected for additional testing at different TMPs with longer process times. Classic limiting flux behavior was observed with TMPs greater than 55 kPa giving no additional improvement in permeate flux. Finally, 84% of the soluble material was removed after 3 volumes of a constant volume diafiltration.
Differentiation decreased telomerase activity in rat glioblastoma C6 cells and increased sensitivity to IFN-gamma and taxol for apoptosis.

Glioblastoma is the deadliest and most prevalent brain tumor, which is not yet amenable to any treatments. Therefore, new and innovative therapeutic strategies need to be developed for treating this deadly disease. We found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or 13-cis retinoic acid (13-CRA) induced astrocytic differentiation with down regulation of telomerase activity in rat glioblastoma C6 cells and enhanced sensitivity of the cells to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) or taxol (TXL) for apoptosis. Sensitivity of differentiated cells to IFN-γ or TXL was greatly increased for apoptosis with increases in calcineurin expression, Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, and expression and activity of calpain and caspases. Treatment with IFN-γ activated caspase-8 indicating induction of apoptosis via the receptor-mediated pathway. Notably, IFN-γ activated the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) for signaling via binding to gamma activator sequence (GAS), whereas TXL activated Raf-1 kinase for inactivation of Bcl-2 by its phosphorylation. We confirmed involvement of different proteolytic mechanisms in cell death by pretreating the cells with caspase-8 inhibitor II, calpeptin (calpain inhibitor), and caspase-9 inhibitor I, and caspase-3 inhibitor IV. Results demonstrated that retinoids induced astrocytic differentiation with down regulation of telomerase activity and worked synergistically to enhance sensitivity of cells to the cytotoxic agent IFN-γ and the cytostatic agent TXL for apoptosis. This combination therapy for differentiation and apoptosis could be highly effective for controlling the malignant growth of glioblastoma.