cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verification of untrusted chips using trusted layout and emission measurements

This paper presents a novel methodology for hardware security and Trojan detection applications. The method is based on our proposed tester-based optical methodology that combines different test patterns, time-integrated and time-resolved emission measurements to localize gates, detect logic states, and identify functional block activity inside a chip in a non-invasive fashion. A detailed application example using a 90 nm bulk digital test chip shows that emission images can be effectively used to identify unexpected and missing emission signatures that may be related to chip alterations.
Stable hydrogen isotope analysis of foodwebs on laboratory and field populations of marine amphipods

Abstract Both natural populations and laboratory cultures of the marine amphipods, Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana) and Amphithoe valida Smith, have similar isotopic relationships to their food sources. Amphipods, which ate the red alga Gelidium , had an isotopic composition identical to that of the algae, but both species of animals that consumed the green alga Ulva had an isotopic composition that differed from that of their diet by + 54 to + 70%.. The hydrogen isotopic composition of the amphipods' organic tissue was not related to that of the surrounding water, because the isotopic composition did not change when the animals were exposed to water enriched in deuterium. The algal food sources that grew in waters of fairly uniform deuterium-hydrogen composition showed no apparent seasonal variations for the incorporation of deuterium. These same algae, in particular Ulva sp., undergo decay exchange hydrogen to resemble more closely surrounding waters. The organically bonded hydrogen in amphipods consuming the decaying plantmatter followed this change sympathetically. Stable hydrogen isotopes can be used in a similar fashion asnitrogen and carbon isotopes in the resolution of complex foodwebs.
GROWTH HORMONE POLYPEPTIDES STIMULATE PROLIFERATION OF K562 HUMAN ERYTHROLEUKEMIA CELLS

The growth-promoting effect of growth hormones and related polypeptides was examined in vitro with a clonogenic assay using human erythroleukemic cells (K562). The erythroleukemia cells were grown in a serumsubstituted methylcellulose culture system and colonies counted after 4 days ' incubation. Human growth hormone (hGH) was a potent stimulant for K562 cell growth (60% augmentation). The Cys(Cam)53-hGH(l–134) fragment of hGH and human chorionic somatomammotropin had less than half the activity of the intact hGH molecule. Bovine growth hormone was inactive in enhancing K562 colony formation. K562 cell proliferation was stimulated by hGH at concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/ml. Insulin stimulated K562 cell proliferation most effectively at a concentration of 1 ng/ml. The K562 culture system may conveniently be employed for determining the in vitro bioactivity of hGH.
The Influence of Surfactants on Crystallization of Nanocrystalline HZSM-5 Zeolite

With addition of surfactants, a nanocrystalline HZSM-5 zeolite was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization results showed that surfactants can constraint the crystallization of HZSM-5. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) characterization revealed that nanocrystalline HZSM-5 with more regular morphology and smaller particle size can be prepared with suitable surfactants as additives. The HZSM-5 particles were 200-800 nm in size and constructed by primary HZSM-5 nanocrystals of 3050 nm. The average particle size will grow up to 800 nm with a cationic surfactant, and decrease to 200 nm with a anionic surfactant.
Life History of Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in the Laboratory

At 25.5°±1.7°C, about 50% RH, and with 14 hr light per day, the average durations of the life stages of Geocoris punctipes (Say) were: egg, 9.9 days, both sexes; total nymphal, ♂26.8, ♀27.7 days; adults, ♂41.5, ♀67.7 days. Females averaged 5.2 days preoviposition and 30.8 egg-laying days, and produced 177.7 eggs per female (maximum 469) at an average rate of 5.5 eggs per clay.
Intracerebroventricular infusion of CRF increases extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine in the hippocampus and cortex as determined by in vivo voltammetry.

Abstract Previous studies have indicated that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) activate locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons and increase the metabolism and extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) in several brain regions, suggesting increased release. To examine the temporal aspects and mechanism of the presumed release of NE, CRF was infused i.c.v. and the oxidation current was recorded using carbon fiber voltammetric electrodes placed in rat hippocampus or cortex. The CRF (1 μg, i.c.v.) caused a significant increase of oxidation current with a delay of approximately 5 min, and a peak at approximately 35 min. Similar responses were observed in the medial prefrontal cortex. The hippocampal response was markedly attenuated when CRF was infused into rats pretreated with DSP-4 to deplete NE, suggesting that the observed changes in current resulted from oxidation of NE. The increase of NE-like current did not occur when 25 μg alpha-helical CRF 9–41 (ahCRF) was injected immediately before 1 μg CRF, suggesting that the response was mediated by cerebral CRF-receptors. Subcutaneous pretreatment with the ganglionic blocker, chlorisondamine, at a dose of 3 mg/kg had no effect on the voltammetric response to CRF, but a 6 mg/kg dose completely prevented the response. The β-adrenoceptor antagonists, S-propranolol (5 mg/kg), nadolol (5 and 10 mg/kg), and timolol (5 mg/kg) attenuated the NE response to i.c.v. CRF to varying degrees. When chlorisondamine (3 μg) or nadolol (5 μg) were given i.c.v. before the CRF, the hippocampal responses were not blocked. These results suggest peripheral actions of ganglionic and β-adrenergic blockers. We conclude that peripheral autonomic mechanisms, and probably both central and peripheral β-adrenoceptors, contribute to the increased secretion of hippocampal NE in response to i.c.v. CRF.
SU-FF-T-81: Adaptive Differencing Schemes with Parallel Computing for Detailed SN Solutions of a Co-60 Radiotherapy Unit

Purpose: To apply deterministic techniques to provide a numerical solution for the 3‐D integro‐differential form of the Boltzmann transport equation using the discrete ordinates (SN) method for a radiotherapy unit. Method and Materials: Comparisons were made between deterministic and Monte Carlo simulations considering angular quadrature, spatial discretization (also spatial differencing), and cross section library selection. In order to assess these issues, we simulated the 60 Co beam from a standard Eldoradoradiotherapy unit. In addition, we simulated the gantry, air gaps, and a water phantom. A 3‐D spatial distribution was generated to yield a 24 ‘z‐level’ model of 150,000 fine mesh cells. To accurately compare our deterministic results with Monte Carlo, we considered an equivalent MCNP5 model with ENDF/B‐VI cross‐section data libraries and volumetric flux (F4) tallies along the central axis of the model. Results: Overall, deterministic SN results yielded good agreement with Monte Carlo results within the Monte Carlo stochastic error for the reference case. At the same time, the parallel SN model provided a full 3D‐scalar flux distribution over the entire geometry within an acceptable running time. To accurately represent the radiation transport, a quadrature level of at least S24 was required with an added ordinate splitting refinement of 6 directions of interest. These results where obtained when the Directional Theta‐Weighted (DTW) differencing scheme was locked for the regions with low density material (air regions), and the adaptive differencing scheme with upgrades up to the Exponential‐Directional Weighted (EDW) differencing scheme was prescribed for higher density regions. Conclusions: The discrete ordinates (SN) method provides a viable alternative to the Monte Carlo method for solving the Boltzmann transport equation. With the proper discretization, an adaptive differencing scheme, and suitable quadratures with ordinate splitting, the SN method is a useful tool in determining the resulting radiation transport throughout a radiotherapy unit.
Role of HIF-1α in maternal hyperglycemia-induced embryonic vasculopathy.

Objective Maternal diabetes adversely impacts embryonic vasculogenesis, which results in embryonic vasculopathy. The purpose of our study is to determine whether hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α plays a role in diabetic embryonic vasculopathy. Study Design Levels of HIF-1α were determined in mouse conceptuses. Conceptuses on day 7 of pregnancy were cultured under euglycemic (150 mg/dL glucose) and hyperglycemic (300 mg/dL) conditions with or without AdCA5, or in the presence or absence of 2.0 μg/mL human recombinant thioredoxin, an endogenous antioxidant protein. AdCA5 is an adenovirus encoding a constitutively active form of HIF-1α. Results Maternal diabetes significantly reduced HIF-1α protein expression. The administration of 1 μL (1 × 10 7 infectious units/mL) per 1 mL culture medium AdCA5 completely reversed hyperglycemia-reduced vasculature morphological scores and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Thioredoxin treatment reversed hyperglycemia-reduced HIF-1α levels. Conclusion We conclude that reduced HIF-1α plays a critical role in the induction of diabetic embryonic vasculopathy, and that oxidative stress is implicated in hyperglycemia-induced HIF-1α reduction.
REFERENT SELECTION IN DETERMINING EQUITY PERCEPTIONS: DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON BEHAVIORAL AND ATTITUDINAL OUTCOMES

The concept of differential equity allows individuals to have different perceptions of equity depending on the pay referent used. Different pay referents should result in different tactics to reduce inequities. To test this hypothesis, equity perceptions with respect to seven different referents were compared as to their relationship to pay satisfaction, intent to remain with a company, and frequency of extra-role behavior. Findings suggest that the various types of inequity relate differentially to each of the three outcome variables.
The pinning of dislocations by X-irradiation of alkali halide crystals☆

Abstract A study is made of the effect of X-irradiation on the room-temperature elastic modulus ( s 11 −1 ) of NaCl crystals. The modulus is observed to be unchanged by irradiation for well-annealed crystals, but may increase by as much as 7% when cold-worked crystals are irradiated. It is demonstrated that the modulus change on irradiation corresponds exactly to the elimination of the modulus decrease due to oscillating dislocation loops through the creation of pinning points along the dislocations. A quantitative theory is developed for the variation of modulus with X-ray dose. This theory assumes that vacancies, released within the volume of the crystal through the action of the radiation, migrate to dislocations and contribute to the formation of pinning points. The theory appears to be in good agreement with experiment and makes possible a calculation of the density of dislocations and the mean length of the free dislocation loops prior to irradiation.
Effect of spatial discontinuity on short-term memory for melodic sequences

We investigated whether spatially separating segments of a tone sequence split the sequence into separate perceptual streams, and whether it affected how pitch information was stored in memory. Listeners heard a sequence of six 300-ms complex tones presented either to a single ear, or with the first three and last three tones presented to different ears. They reported whether a subsequent monaural probe tone matched a tone in the original sequence, based solely on pitch (disregarding the ear to which the probe was played). Overall, performance was higher when the probe tone matched either the first or one of the last two tones in a target compared to when the probe matched more interior target elements. For single-ear target sequences, presentation of the probe in the opposite ear diminished performance compared to when it was presented in the same ear as the target. Spatially splitting the target sequence had very little effect. The results suggest that the tone sequences were perceived as a single stream, irrespective of whether there was spatial discontinuity. However, a probe in an unexpected location confused listeners, perhaps causing a spatial attention shift that diminished the already-weak memory representation of the interior tones' pitches.
Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Multiple Sites by MAP Kinases Has a Limited Contribution in Modulating the Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant Response

The bZIP transcription factor Nrf2 has emerged as a pivotal regulator of intracellular redox homeostasis by controlling the expression of many endogenous antioxidants and phase II detoxification enzymes. Upon oxidative stress, Nrf2 is induced at protein levels through redox-sensitive modifications on cysteine residues of Keap1, a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets Nrf2 for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have previously been proposed to regulate Nrf2 in response to oxidative stress. However, the exact role of MAPKs and the underlying molecular mechanism remain poorly defined. Here we report the first evidence that Nrf2 is phosphorylated in vivo by MAPKs. We have identified multiple serine/threonine residues as major targets of MAPK-mediated phosphorylation. Combined alanine substitution on those residues leads to a moderate decrease in the transcriptional activity of Nrf2, most likely due to a slight reduction in its nuclear accumulation. More importantly, Nrf2 protein stability, primarily controlled by Keap1, is not altered by Nrf2 phosphorylation in vivo. These data indicate that direct phosphorylation of Nrf2 by MAPKs has limited contribution in modulating Nrf2 activity. We suggest that MAPKs regulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway mainly through indirect mechanisms.
Competitive intelligence process and tools for intelligence analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this survey research is twofold. First, to study and report the process that is commonly used to create and maintain a competitive intelligence (CI) program in organizations. And second, to provide an analysis of several emergent text mining, web mining and visualization‐based CI tools, which are specific to collection and analysis of intelligence.Design/methodology/approach – A range of recently published research literature on CI processes, applications, tools and technologies to collect and analyze competitive information within organizations is reviewed to explore their current state, issues and challenges learned from their practice.Findings – The paper provides executive decision makers and strategic managers a better understanding of what methods are available and appropriate to the decisions they must make and the steps involved in CI undertaking.Originality/value – The findings of this research provide the managers of CI programs a context for understanding which tools an...
Influence of Atrazine on the Scalation of Marcy’s Checkered Gartersnake, Thamnophis m. marcianus (Baird and Girard, 1853)

Atrazine is one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States. Despite the effectiveness of atrazine in eliminating broadleaf and grassy weeds, there has been growing concern over the potential impacts this chemical may have on non-target organisms. Little research has been conducted on the exposure of reptiles to this chemical. Our study examined the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine on the scalation of Marcy’s checkered gartersnake (Thamnophis m. marcianus). Our results indicate that atrazine exposure influences scalation, in particular, cranial scale counts. In addition, this alteration of morphology happens during embryological development as the result of the environment the mother was raised in. Further research on additional species and developmental exposure of atrazine and how it influences fitness of reptiles is required.
Camera-based calibration for scalable immersive rendering

Immersive multi-projector displays with dozens of projectors are becoming easier to build as projection technology proliferates. We envision scenarios such as a classroom of students with individual projectors, and informal groups of people with projector-equipped mobile devices, in which computer-generated imagery can be generated and displayed in real time. Ideally, the resolution of the multi-projector display should grow with the number of projectors, and support arbitrarily wide displays (to 4π steradians).
Secular trends and the pattern of growth in arctic populations.

Abstract Examinations of growth patterns in Arctic populations suggest that Inuit/Inuoiat (Eskimo) children display a unique pattern relative to European or continental U.S. children. This pattern—high weight for height—becomes established early in life and it has existed for as long as researchers have Inuit or Inupiat data. This paper will examine the growth pattern relative to the NCHS reference standard, using recent data from the Arctic and several indices combining height and weight. Of particular concern will be the persistence of this pattern in the face of secular trends in growth that have occurred over the past 50 years. Trends for height increase have been greater than those for weight but weight for height still remains well above the 50th percentile of the U.S. reference for these Arctic groups.
Control over TCP-like lossy networks: A dynamic game approach

This paper considers H∞ optimal control of LTI systems where the loop is closed over TCP-like lossy networks. Following a game theoretic formulation of the problem, we first obtain an explicit H∞ controller. We then analyze the infinite-horizon behavior of the H∞ controller. In particular, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the packet drop probability and the H∞ disturbance attenuation parameter under which the optimal controller is unique and stabilizes the closed-loop system in the mean-square sense. It is also shown that these conditions are coupled; therefore, they cannot be determined independently. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the main results.
Imprint of an ancient conflagration

One of the key events in cosmic history was the onset of star formation in the hitherto dark and featureless universe. Once the first stars, also called population III stars, appeared, they began to transform the simple initial state of the primordial universe into one of ever-increasing complexity, endowing it with growing bubbles of high-energy radiation and heavy chemical elements ( 1 ). The nature of this transition crucially depends on the mass of the first stars. Massive stars are efficient sources for both ionizing photons and heavy chemical elements, or “metals,” comprising all species heavier than the hydrogen and helium made in the Big Bang. Theoretical models have predicted that the first stars were predominantly very massive, possibly a few hundred solar masses ( 2 , 3 ). This prediction, however, has proven to be out of reach for direct empirical testing. There are a number of indirect constraints, such as the apparent absence of any low-mass population III survivors in the Milky Way, but all of them admit alternative explanations. On page 912 of this issue, Aoki et al. ( 4 ) present evidence that the first stars indeed were able to reach very high masses, in accordance with theory ( 5 ).
Thirdhand Smoke Beliefs of Parents

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the belief that thirdhand smoke is harmful to children is associated with smoking parents’ attitudes, home or car smoking policies, and quitting behaviors. METHODS: Data from a national randomized controlled trial, Clinical Effort Against Secondhand Smoke Exposure, assessed thirdhand smoke beliefs of 1947 smoking parents in an exit survey after a pediatric office visit in 10 intervention and 10 control practices. Twelve-month follow-up data were collected from 1355 parents. Multivariable logistic regression determined whether belief that thirdhand smoke harms the health of children is independently associated with parental behaviors and attitudes 12 months later. A χ 2 test assessed whether parents who disagreed that thirdhand smoke is harmful were more likely to make a quit attempt if they later believed that thirdhand smoke is harmful. RESULTS: Belief at the exit survey that thirdhand smoke is harmful was independently associated with having a strictly enforced smoke-free home policy (adjusted odds ratio: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.37–3.05) and car policy (adjusted odds ratio: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.04–2.74) at the 12-month follow-up. A significantly higher percentage (71% vs 50%) of parents who did not hold the thirdhand smoke harm belief at baseline made at least 1 quit attempt if they agreed that thirdhand smoke is harmful at the 12-month follow-up ( P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Thirdhand smoke harm belief was associated with a strictly enforced smoke-free home and car and attempts to quit smoking. Sensitizing parents to thirdhand smoke risk could facilitate beneficial tobacco control outcomes.
Vitamin B12-responsive neuropathies: A case series

Objectives: Neuropathies often accompany vitamin B12 deficiency. Since many neuropathies are linked to oxidative stress and since B12 has both antioxidant and neurotrophic properties, B12 may also be effective treatment in non-deficient subjects. Thus, the characteristics and predictors of B12-responsive neuropathies and their relationship to disorders associated with increased oxidative stress (oxidant risks) were examined.Methods: Retrospective review of 78 subjects with neurological abnormalities treated with B12 and evaluated by the measurement of B12 and the B12-dependent metabolites, methylmalonic acid (MMA), and homocysteine.Results: Sixty-five subjects had neurological improvement (83%), including 35 with other known causes of neuropathy. Only two responders had B12-responsive macrocytosis. Pretherapy B12, MMA, and homocysteine values were normal in 72, 33 and 54% of responders, with all three normal in 23%. Moreover, B12 therapy did not significantly decrease elevated MMA and homocysteine levels ...
Speed, sensitivity, and stability of the light response in rod and cone photoreceptors: Facts and models

The light responses of rod and cone photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina are quantitatively different, yet extremely stable and reproducible because of the extraordinary regulation of the cascade of enzymatic reactions that link photon absorption and visual pigment excitation to the gating of cGMP-gated ion channels in the outer segment plasma membrane. While the molecular scheme of the phototransduction pathway is essentially the same in rods and cones, the enzymes and protein regulators that constitute the pathway are distinct. These enzymes and regulators can differ in the quantitative features of their functions or in concentration if their functions are similar or both can be true. The molecular identity and distinct function of the molecules of the transduction cascade in rods and cones are summarized. The functional significance of these molecular differences is examined with a mathematical model of the signal-transducing enzymatic cascade. Constrained by available electrophysiological, biochemical and biophysical data, the model simulates photocurrents that match well the electrical photoresponses measured in both rods and cones. Using simulation computed with the mathematical model, the time course of light-dependent changes in enzymatic activities and second messenger concentrations in non-mammalian rods and cones are compared side by side.
pH effects on micelle–water partitioning determined by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

In many biological and environmental situations, the pH of aqueous media varies and differences in solute partitioning may result. However, the majority of biopartitioning and hydrophobicity studies conducted have been at pH 7. Using migration factors measured by micellar electrokinetic chromatography, we have determined pH effects on micelle-water partitioning for 19 compounds. We develop an improvement to the migration factor equation and the corrected migration factor for aniline shows a definite increase as pH decreases. The corrected migration factor was constant for the rest of the compounds over the pH ranged studied. We also investigated five micelle markers and determined that decanophenone is the best micelle marker to date. Decanophenone has a strong chromophore, detectable at all pH levels, and is easy to dissolve in the mobile phase.
Intein-mediated rapid purification of Cre recombinase.

Abstract Cre recombinase produced by bacteriophage P1 catalyzes site-specific recombination of DNA between loxP recognition sites in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and has been widely used for genome engineering and in vitro cloning. Recombinant Cre has been overproduced in Escherichia coli and its purification involves multiple steps. In this report, we used an “intein” fusion system to express Cre as a C-terminal fusion to a modified protein splicing element, i.e., intein. The modified intein contained a Bacillus circulans chitin-binding domain which allowed binding of the fusion protein on a chitin column and could be induced to undergo in vitro peptide bond cleavage which specifically released Cre from the column. Using the intein system, we have obtained highly pure nontagged Cre after just a single chromatographic step, which corresponded to approximately 80% recovery and 27-fold purification. The activity of the purified Cre was determined in an in vitro assay system and was found to remain stable over a period of more than 6 months.
A Systemic Model of the Youth Mentoring Intervention

Conceptual and empirical work on youth mentoring naturally tends to focus on the relationship between mentor and child. However, the parent/guardian and agency caseworker also may contribute to the success or failure of the mentoring intervention, and program effects may be partially mediated by the child’s interactions with these individuals. This article presents a systemic model of mentoring depicting the interdependent network of relationships established between mentor, child, parent/guardian, and caseworker against the backdrop of agency policies and procedures. Numerous examples illustrate pathways of influence and patterns of communication in the context of this more holistic model of mentoring. Editors’ Strategic Implications: Drawing upon ecological and systems theories, the author provides a promising conceptual model that focuses on patterns of interpersonal exchange among several key individuals (but not the only possible ones). This model reminds researchers and practitioners that mentoring resides within a mutually reinforcing (or inhibiting) network of other relationships. This systemic thinking has implications for child welfare agency policies and practices.
Vapor-Phase Free Radical Polymerization in the Presence of an Ionic Liquid

An ionic liquid (IL) was introduced into a vapor-phase free radical polymerization process for the first time. The deposition of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate) (PPFDA) was studied in the presence of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]) droplets. The polymerization occurred either at the vapor−IL interface or within the IL depending on reaction conditions such as the duration of deposition, the stage temperature, and the monomer solubility. A variety of polymeric architectures such as polymer skins that completely encapsulated the droplet, free-standing polymer, and polymer films that float freely on the surface of the IL were formed. The results from this study will facilitate the design of new polymer−IL composite materials for use in fuel cell and battery applications.
Co-occurrence of valine/isoleucine-derived and cyclopentenoid cyanogens in a Passiflora species

Abstract The valine/isoleucine-derived cyanogenic glycosides linamarin and lotaustralin have been isolated together with the cyclopentenoid cyanogen passibiflorin from Passiflora lutea . This is only the second report of the production of cyanogenic glycosides from more than one biosynthetic pathway in individuals of a single species.
A NEW SPECIES OF SCIARA (DIPTERA)

In a culture of flies sent to Dr. O. A. Johannsen by Dr. C. W. Metz of Johns Hopkins, there proves to be a new species of Sciara. This insect is being used in research in genetics and it was thought best to have the insect described as soon as possible. According to Doctor Metz, “The original female under No. 6986, was collected by Mr. J. P. Reynolds from Sykes' greenhouse at Guilford, North Carolina, December 5, 1933.”
Craving foods: feeding the obesity epidemic?

Whether you want to understand why the warm smell of the Cinnabon pastries at the airport is irresistible, or you want to explore reasons behind the growing epidemic of obesity in North America, The End of Overeating: Taking Control of the Insatiable American Appetite is a must-read.
Slaframine and Swainsonine, Mycotoxins from Rhizoctonia Leguminicola

AbstractThe mold, Rhizoctonia leguminicola, parasitizes certain legumes, e.g. red clover, in wide areas of the U.S. Consumption of such moldy forage may cause several syndromes of varying severity including excessive salivation, lacrimation, diarrhea, and even death. 1-Acetoxy-6-aminooctahydroindolizine (slaframine, SF) a parasympathomimetic, and 1,2,8-trihydroxyoctahydroindolizine (swainsonine, SW) a potent a-mannosidase inhibitor, are produced in pure R. leguminicola cultures and were also isolated directly from moldy red clover hay which had caused a severe slobbers outbreak. SW when compared with locoweed was found to produce similar effects on tissue glycosidases and oligosaccharides of the pig indicating that SW is the principal toxin responsible for the induction of locoism. Our research presently focuses on aspects of SW as a mycotoxin e.g. the possibility that SW may enter the human food chain via milk from diary cattle consuming moldy forage is being considered. Additionally we are interested in...
Chemical and Electrochemical Polymerization of 3-Alkylthiophenes on Self-assembled Monolayers of Oligothiophene-Substituted Alkylsilanes

Monolayers of oligothiophene-substituted alkylsilanes, chlorodimethyl(11-(3-(2,2‘bithienyl))undecyl)silane and chlorodimethyl(11-(3‘-(2,2‘:5‘,2‘ ‘-terthienyl))undecyl)silane, are subject to electrochemical oxidation within the monolayer to afford more highly conjugated oligomers with lower redox potentials. The electrochemical polymerization of 3-methylthiophene is promoted by monolayers of the oligothiophene-substituted silanes on the electrode surface to form smooth, highly adherent films of poly(3-methylthiophene). The effect of monolayers of an electroactive monomer on the rate of deposition of poly(3-methylthiophene) is compared to the effect of low concentrations of oligomers in solution. Chemical polymerization of 3-octylthiophene on substrates modified with the redox-active silanes gives films of poly(3-octylthiophene) which display reversible solvatochromism without dissolving the polymer. These thin films are sensitive to low concentrations of chloroform in the vapor phase or in aqueous solution.
Size distribution and settling velocity of cohesive sediments during settling

Experiments on settling of cohesive sediments were carried out in turbulent flows in an annular flume using kaolinite clay as well as a natural river sediment. Results indicate that the finer fractions were able to deposit because they were settling as floes. Data on concentration and size distribution of dispersed samples were used to calculate the effective settling velocities for the different size fractions.
Antarcticaʼs hypsometry and crustal thickness: Implications for the origin of anomalous topography in East Antarctica

Abstract The hypsometry of Antarctica revealed by BEDMAP2 data is characterised by deglaciated modal elevations of ∼ − 450 m and ∼650 m for West and East Antarctica, respectively, and an East Antarctic plateau that is topographically anomalous by ∼400–600 m with respect to global continental modal elevation estimates. Superimposed on the East Antarctic plateau are the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, the Dronning Maud Land Mountains and the Vostok Highlands with modal elevations ∼400 m in excess of the East Antarctic mode. To ascertain whether East Antarcticaʼs anomalous topography can be attributed to Airy-type crustal compensation, a continental-scale crustal thickness model was derived from the inversion of GOCO03S satellite gravity data constrained by seismic crustal thickness estimates. The average crustal thickness of East Antarctica is ∼40 km (for West Antarctica ∼24 km), a value typical of continental shields, and while crustal thicknesses of >50 km locally beneath the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains and Dronning Maud Land can account for their differential modal elevation above the plateau, crustal thicknesses elsewhere across East Antarctica offer no suggestion of crustal-level continental-scale support for the broader plateau. Enderby Land, for example, resides on the plateau and is characterised by a modal elevation of ∼750 m and crust ∼40 km thick, whereas off the plateau in East Antarctica, the Aurora and Wilkes Subglacial Basins have modal elevations of ∼ − 50 m and ∼50 m, respectively, yet similarly thick crust. The lack of crustal support for the elevated broader East Antarctic plateau, coupled with seismic images showing fast upper mantle velocities beneath the plateau, suggest a mid-to-lower mantle source for East Antarcticaʼs anomalous topography.
Implications of the northwestwardly younger age of the volcanic rocks of west-central California

Erosional remnants of volcanic fields in west-central California form a linear northwest-trending belt growing younger in age to the northwest. Major fields within the belt are represented by the Neenach Volcanics, Pinnacles Volcanic Formation, Quien Sabe Volcanics, volcanic rocks in the Berkeley Hills, Tolay Volcanics, Sonoma Volcanics, and Clear Lake Volcanics. Dispersion in the age-distance relation is reduced by restoration of inferred offsets on transecting right-lateral fault systems. The offsets include 115 km on the San Gregorio–Hosgri fault, 314 km on the San Andreas fault, 43 km on the Hayward-Rodgers Creek fault, and 28 km on the Carneros-Franklin-Sunol-Calaveras fault. On the basis of the age and restored position of the volcanic rocks, we judge that the locus of initial active volcanism migrated northwestward ∼3.75 cm/yr from 25 to 12 Ma, and ∼1.35 cm/yr from 12 Ma to the present. The volcanic rocks apparently formed south of the northwardly retreating edge of the subducted part of the Juan de Fuca plate, corroborating one corollary of a published model of an expanding hole in the subducted Farallon-Juan de Fuca-Cocos plate. The present position of the locus of melting at Clear Lake, California, requires substantial overthrusting of the Juan de Fuca plate by the Pacific plate, as was postulated on the basis of foreshortening of magnetic anomalies in the Gorda basin. The change in rate of northwestward migration ∼12 Ma reflects a change in spreading direction of the Juan de Fuca plate vis-a-vis the Pacific plate, previously recognized from changes in orientation of oceanic magnetic anomalies. From the migration rates, it can be inferred that the relative movement between the Pacific plate and the westernmost fringe of the North American plate averaged ∼3.5 cm/yr from 27 m.y. ago to the present.
The genus Polytomella: A review of classification, morphology, life cycle, metabolism, and motility

Summary A review of the Genus Polytomella , initially described by Aragao in 1910, is presented. Polytomella spp. are colorless eukaryotic quadriflagellates. They are typically oval or elliptical to pyriform in shape and may range in size from 9 × 8 to 30 × 20 μ m. The four flagella are approximately body length and originate from an anterior cruciform papilla. The objective was to compile all the information in the literature in order to update the first and only review of Polytomella published by Pringsheim in 1955. The following areas are discussed: classification, morphology, life cycle, metabolism, and motilitv.
EGFR signalling and oncogenic pathway signature in colorectal cancer

Sun et al 1 reported a novel stratification model for classifying patients with colorectal cancer by characterising the gene expression profile of the tumours with wild type and mutant KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA. The authors claimed that the combined transcription signature of these mutant signal molecules might help clinicians identify patients, whose tumour could have similar transcription signature without any mutation and who …
Mixed‐income schools and housing: advancing the neoliberal urban agenda

This article uses a social justice framework to problematize national and local policies in housing and education which propose to reduce poverty and improve educational performance of low‐income students through mixed‐income strategies. Drawing on research on Chicago, the article argues mixed‐income strategies are part of the neoliberal restructuring of cities which has at its nexus capital accumulation and racial containment and exclusion through gentrification, de‐democratization and privatization of public institutions, and displacement of low‐income people of color. The ideological basis for these policies lies in racialized cultural deficit theories that negate the cultural and intellectual strengths and undermine the self‐determination of low‐income communities of color. Neoliberal mixed‐income policies are unlikely to reduce inequality in education and housing. They fail to address root causes of poverty and unequal opportunity to learn and may exacerbate spatial exclusion and marginalization of p...
High impact blow detection over a reactive Mobile-Cloud Framework

Brain injury is quite common in athletes due to the frequent and high level of impact, especially in football and hockey. One of the most challenging problems faced by medical personnel responsible for the health care of athletes is the recognition and management of concussions [1, 2]. With the advancements in sensor technology, medical imaging, mobile devices, wireless communications, and cloud computing, we have opportunities to monitor and analyze the impact between athletes in real time. The research will assist team doctors to immediately identify head injuries among athletes and drive the development of new technology to be used for protecting the athletes more efficiently. We propose a Reactive Mobile Cloud-based framework that will be utilized to effectively manage both the textual and image data in DICOM format; allowing us to create a repository of information on each player throughout the length of their career.
Image and reality: the real story

(1996). Image and reality: the real story. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 267-268.
Deriving macroscopic myocardial conductivities by homogenization of microscopic models.

We derive the values for the intracellular and extracellular conductivities needed for bidomain simulations of cardiac electrophysiology using homogenization of partial differential equations. In our model, cardiac myocytes are rectangular prisms and gap junctions appear in a distributed manner as flux boundary conditions for Laplace’s equation. Using directly measurable microproperties such as cellular dimensions and end-to-end and side-to-side gap junction coupling strengths, we inexpensively obtain effective conductivities close to those given by simulations with a detailed cyto-architecture (Stinstra et al. in Ann. Biomed. Eng. 33:1743–1751, 2005). This model provides a convenient framework for studying the effect on conductivities of aligned vs. brick-like arrangements of cells and the effect of different distributions of gap junctions along the myocyte membranes.
The Impact of a Third Credit Rating on the Pricing of Bonds

This article updates a study that looks at the impact of a third rating from Fitch IBCA on bond prices; it examines the impact on prices of a rating from Duff & Phelps Credit Rating Co. The empirical evidence indicates that a third credit rating from either DCR or Fitch has value to the bond market. When there is a third rating, upgrades by Moody9s and Standard & Poor9s are more likely and downgrades less likely. Third ratings also have an incremental impact upon bond yields.
Coprocessor Control Shell Design

This chapter discusses the design practice of attaching a custom hardware module to a hardware/software interface, an activity referred to as control shell design. It involves the encapsulation of a custom hardware module on a standard hardware/software interface, and the development of a software driver to control the custom hardware module through this hardware/software interface. There are two orthogonal aspects to control shell design. The first, data design, defines how to transfer data from software to custom hardware and back. The second, control design, defines how to implement a software control strategy for the custom hardware. The outcome of data design and control design define the programmer’s model, the abstract software view of the hardware module. This chapter will address each of these aspects, and discuss an example based on a control shell for an encryption coprocessor for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).
An Embedded System's Design Verification Using Object-Oriented Simulation

The ability for the embedded system designer model and simulate proposed designs prior to implementation is increasingly valuable in today's competitive market place. Simulation- based design is a methodology that uses the vir tual prototype as a means of producing consis tent and reduced design time. This paper presents this approach in the context of an auto motive embedded system application. Struc tural models are used to capture design knowl edge and define the space of possible design alternatives. The Discrete Event Specification (DEVS) formalism is used to develop behavioral models which can be simulated. Results are ob tained through experimental frames which are used to define the scope of simulation. These re sults allow the designers to confirm that the proposed design solution meets the system re quirements and constraints.
Clearing the air: Chronic respiratory illnesses and smoking cessation in the adult psychiatric population

Objective: To review current practice guidelines in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), review therapeutic options for smoking cessation, and apply current evidence to management of these conditions in the psychiatric population. Background: Chronic respiratory illnesses and nicotine dependence are frequently encountered conditions in the psychiatric population. Psychiatric illness itself may contribute to or be affected by these conditions; medication therapy may additionally be linked to alterations in mental status. However, it is well established that when left untreated or improperly managed, chronic respiratory illness and tobacco use can negatively affect patients' quality of life and lead to increased healthcare utilization. Methods: Current practice guidelines, literature reviews, and primary data pertaining to management of patients with asthma, COPD, and nicotine dependence were examined. Additional data regarding patients with psychiatric illness was revie...
Identifying Individuals at Risk for Cardiovascular Events Across the Spectrum of Blood Pressure Levels

Background We determined the proportion of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events that occur across the spectrum of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and assessed whether multivariable risk assessment can identify persons who experience ASCVD events at all levels of SBP, including those with goal levels. Methods and Results Participants aged 45 to 64 years from the Framingham Offspring and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities studies were stratified based on treated and untreated SBP levels (<120, 120 to 129, 130 to 139, 140 to 149, 150 to 159, ≥160 mm Hg). We determined the number of excess ASCVD events in each SBP stratum by calculating the difference between observed and expected events (ASCVD event rate in untreated SBP <120 mm Hg was used as the reference). We categorized participants into 10‐year ASCVD risk groups using the Pooled Cohort risk equations. There were 18 898 participants (78% white; 22% black) who were followed for 10 years. We estimated 427 excess ASCVD events, of which 56% (109 of 197) and 50% (115 of 230), respectively, occurred among untreated and treated participants with elevated SBP who were not recommended for antihypertensive therapy. Among untreated participants, 10‐year ASCVD risk ≥7.5% identified 64% of those who experienced an ASCVD at 10 years and 30% of those who did not. Multivariable risk assessment was less useful in baseline‐treated participants. Conclusions Half of excess ASCVD events occurred in persons with elevated SBP who were not currently recommended for antihypertensive therapy. Multivariable risk assessment may help identify those likely to benefit from further risk‐reducing therapies. These findings support consideration of multivariable risk in guiding prevention across the spectrum of SBP.
Unusual conditions in the tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1984

Au cours de la 1ere moitie de 1984, les conditions oceaniques et atmospheriques dans l'Atlantique tropical ont ete, a bien des egards, similaires a celles dans le Pacifique au cours de l'El Nino: l'ocean superieur a ete inhabituellement chaud dans sa partie orientale, les pluies ont ete abondantes sur des regions normalement arides, au sud de l'equateur, et l'upwelling Cotier a ete contrarie dans une region (sud-ouest africain) ou il constitue un phenomene saisonnier. Le changement de TSM (SST), qui apparait lorsque d'inhabituels courants portant a l'est, au sud de l'Equateur, transportent de l'eau chaude de surface vers l'Afrique, contribue au changement des conditions atmospheriques. Ces dernieres, en retour, contribuent au changement de la circulation oceanique et de la TSM
Volumetric error compensation for multi-axis machines

A general error prediction and compensation scheme which implicitly includes the non-rigid body condition is developed for an arbitrary multi-axis machine. The accuracy and precision of tasks performed by multi-axis machines are profoundly affected by their volumetric accuracy. The volumetric accuracy of a machine depends on numerous factors, including geometric and kinematic errors, motion induced errors, deformation of structural members due to static and dynamic loads, and thermally induced errors. To alleviate the influence of these factors on the outcome of a task, a passive online software compensation method is developed. The method is based on two components: an interpolation algorithm with shape functions for error prediction and a recursive online software compensation scheme. Several illustrative examples are included. >
Acute Otitis Media Is Not a Pure Bacterial Disease

Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common diseases seen in the pediatric practice. It has generally been considered a bacterial disease, with Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, and/or Moraxella catarrhalis as the major causes. Therefore, the disease has generally been treated with antibiotic, making AOM the leading cause of antibiotic prescription in the United States and contributing to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.