cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Halide-Dependent Mechanisms of Reductive Elimination from Gold(III).

Two unique organometallic halide series (Ph3P)Au(4-Me-C6H4)(CF3)(X) and (Cy3P)Au(4-F-C6H4)(CF3)(X) (X = I, Br, Cl, F) have been synthesized. The PPh3-supported complexes can undergo both Caryl–X and Caryl–CF3 reductive elimination. Mechanistic studies of thermolysis at 122 °C reveal a dramatic reactivity and kinetic selectivity dependence on halide ligand. For X = I or F, zero-order kinetic behavior is observed, while for X = Cl or Br, kinetic studies implicate product catalysis. The selectivity for Caryl–CF3 bond formation increases in the order X = I < Br < Cl < F, with exclusively Caryl–I bond formation when X = I, and exclusively Caryl–CF3 bond formation when X = F. Thermodynamic measurements show that Au(III)–X bond dissociation energies increase in the order X = I < Br < Cl, and that ground state Au(III)–X bond strength ultimately dictates selectivities for Caryl–X and Caryl–CF3 reductive elimination.
SU-F-J-140: Using Handheld Stereo Depth Cameras to Extend Medical Imaging for Radiation Therapy Planning

Purpose: A correct body contour is essential for the accuracy of dose calculation in radiation therapy. While modern medical imaging technologies provide highly accurate representations of body contours, there are times when a patient's anatomy cannot be fully captured or there is a lack of easy access to CT/MRI scanning. Recently, handheld cameras have emerged that are capable of performing three dimensional (3D) scans of patient surface anatomy. By combining 3D camera and medical imaging data, the patient's surface contour can be fully captured. Methods: A proof-of-concept system matches a patient surface model, created using a handheld stereo depth camera (DC), to the available areas of a body contour segmented from a CT scan. The matched surface contour is then converted to a DICOM structure and added to the CT dataset to provide additional contour information. In order to evaluate the system, a 3D model of a patient was created by segmenting the body contour with a treatment planning system (TPS) and fabricated with a 3D printer. A DC and associated software were used to create a 3D scan of the printed phantom. The surface created by the camera was then registered to a CT model that had been cropped to simulate missing scan data. The aligned surface was then imported into the TPS and compared with the originally segmented contour. Results: The RMS error for the alignment between the camera and cropped CT models was 2.26 mm. Mean distance between the aligned camera surface and ground truth model was −1.23 +/−2.47 mm. Maximum deviations were < 1 cm and occurred in areas of high concavity or where anatomy was close to the couch. Conclusion: The proof-of-concept study shows an accurate, easy and affordable method to extend medical imaging for radiation therapy planning using 3D cameras without additional radiation. Intel provided the camera hardware used in this study.
Calcium content of forsterite coexisting with silicate liquid in the system Na 2 O-CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2

The calcium contents of forsterite crystals equilibrated with silicate mels in the system Naro-cao-Mgo-Alror-sio, at I atm and 1250"-1450"c were determined by electron microprobe. Over the range of temperatures studied and for melts containing 1.3-18 weight percent CaO, the Ca content of olivine was found to depend linearly upon Ca concentration in the liquid, according to the relation wt%o Caor:0.0275 *% Ca* When evaluated as a Ca-Mg exchange equilibrium, the Ca distribution data show equally simple systematics: the molar ratio of oxides (CaOlMgO)"r/(CaO/MgO)un is essentially constant at any given temperature and varies in log-linear fashion wrth l/7, given by
Innovations in Medication Preparation Safety and Wastage Reduction: Use of a Workflow Management System in a Pediatric Hospital:

Background: USP regulatory requirements have mandated that pharmacies improve aseptic techniques and cleanliness of the medication preparation areas. In addition, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) recommends that technology and automation be used as much as possible for preparing and verifying compounded sterile products. Objective: To determine the benefits associated with the implementation of the workflow management system, such as reducing medication preparation and delivery errors, reducing quantity and frequency of medication errors, avoiding costs, and enhancing the organization's decision to move toward positive patient identification (PPID). Methods: At Texas Children's Hospital, data were collected and analyzed from January 2014 through August 2014 in the pharmacy areas in which the workflow management system would be implemented. Data were excluded for September 2014 during the workflow management system oral liquid implementation phase. Data were collected and analyzed from October 2014 through June 2015 to determine whether the implementation of the workflow management system reduced the quantity and frequency of reported medication errors. Data collected and analyzed during the study period included the quantity of doses prepared, number of incorrect medication scans, number of doses discontinued from the workflow management system queue, and the number of doses rejected. Data were collected and analyzed to identify patterns of incorrect medication scans, to determine reasons for rejected medication doses, and to determine the reduction in wasted medications. Results: During the 17-month study period, the pharmacy department dispensed 1,506,220 oral liquid and injectable medication doses. From October 2014 through June 2015, the pharmacy department dispensed 826,220 medication doses that were prepared and checked via the workflow management system. Of those 826,220 medication doses, there were 16 reported incorrect volume errors. The error rate after the implementation of the workflow management system averaged 8.4%, which was a 1.6% reduction. After the implementation of the workflow management system, the average number of reported oral liquid medication and injectable medication errors decreased to 0.4 and 0.2 times per week, respectively. Conclusion: The organization was able to achieve its purpose and goal of improving the provision of quality pharmacy care through optimal medication use and safety by reducing medication preparation errors. Error rates decreased and the workflow processes were streamlined, which has led to seamless operations within the pharmacy department. There has been significant cost avoidance and waste reduction and enhanced interdepartmental satisfaction due to the reduction of reported medication errors.
A specialized event-driven network simulator for security and anonymity applications of Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents a novel software architecture for a specialized network simulator that is targeted towards analysis and verification of anonymity algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Even though many different network simulators exist and are popular such as NS-2, none of these can be adapted easily for testing of advanced WSN anonymity algorithms. For example, in trying to implement anonymity, i.e., hiding the identity of the source node in a WSN system, we need to generate fake messages. A good anonymity application has to randomize the generation of fake messages and also improve the ratio of real to fake messages so that excessive power is not being wasted by a WSN node. In order to be able to analyze the effectiveness of different anonymity algorithms, we developed an event-driven network simulator and provide statistical and visualization features. The simulator can be easily configured to any WSN topology and a messaging and routing protocol. The software architecture of the simulator allows for easy pluggability of different algorithms making it a valuable tool in WSN security/anonymity deployment and research.
Ethics Education and Ethics Committees for Neuroscience Research Is a Timely Proposition

In their article “Ethics, Ethicists, and Professional Organizations in the Neurological Sciences,” Moses and Illes (2017) made three recommendations in regard to the mission of ethics committees, a...
The Effect of Locking out Radial and Ulnar Deviation with an Upper Body Exoskeleton on Handgun Training

This paper presents the first version of the ARCTiC LawE, short for the Armed Robotic Control for Training in Civilian Law Enforcement. The ARCTiC LawE is an upper body exoskeleton designed to assi...
Pharmacogenetics of KCNQ channel activation in 2 potassium channelopathy mouse models of epilepsy.

Objectives Antiseizure drugs are the leading therapeutic choice for treatment of epilepsy, but their efficacy is limited by pharmacoresistance and the occurrence of unwanted side effects. Here, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of KCNQ channel activation by retigabine in preventing seizures and neurocardiac dysfunction in 2 potassium channelopathy mouse models of epilepsy with differing severity that have been associated with increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): the Kcna1-/- model of severe epilepsy and the Kcnq1A340E/A340E model of mild epilepsy. Methods A combination of behavioral, seizure threshold, electrophysiologic, and gene expression analyses was used to determine the effects of KCNQ activation in mice. Results Behaviorally, Kcna1-/- mice exhibited unexpected hyperexcitability instead of the expected sedative-like response. In flurothyl-induced seizure tests, KCNQ activation decreased seizure latency by ≥50% in Kcnq1 strain mice but had no effect in the Kcna1 strain, suggesting the influence of genetic background. However, in simultaneous electroencephalography and electrocardiography recordings, KCNQ activation significantly reduced spontaneous seizure frequency in Kcna1-/- mice by ~60%. In Kcnq1A340E/A340E mice, KCNQ activation produced adverse cardiac effects including profound bradycardia and abnormal increases in heart rate variability and atrioventricular conduction blocks. Analyses of Kcnq2 and Kcnq3 mRNA levels revealed significantly elevated Kcnq2 expression in Kcna1-/- brains, suggesting that drug target alterations may contribute to the altered drug responses. Significance This study shows that treatment strategies in channelopathy may have unexpected outcomes and that effective rebalancing of channel defects requires improved understanding of channel interactions at the circuit and tissue levels. The efficacy of KCNQ channel activation and manifestation of adverse effects were greatly affected by genetic background, potentially limiting KCNQ modulation as a way to prevent neurocardiac dysfunction in epilepsy and thereby SUDEP risk. Our data also uncover a potential role for KCNQ2-5 channels in autonomic control of chronotropy.
Wilson, Walter Clark. From Inclusion to Influence: Latino Representation in Congress and Latino Political Incorporation in America: Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2017. 296 pages. $75 (hardcover)

The representation of Latinos in Congress is the core focus of Walter Clark Wilson's book, From Inclusion to Influence. This study begins by mapping out the rise of Latino representatives and their...
Reconsidering Using Bogus-Statement Inventory and Over-Claiming Questionnaire to Detecting Faking

Researchers have long been aware that individuals can be highly motivated to fake on non-cognitive measures when applying for jobs. Traditionally, faking has been referred to as socially desirable responding (SDR), which was tapped by SDR scales such as the Impression-Management (IM) and the Self-deceptive Enhancement (SDE) (Zerbe & Paulhus, 1987). However, researchers have shown that SDR scales are not valid faking measures as we would like (McGrath, 2010; Li & Bagger, 2006). In response, researchers have developed alternative measures attempting to measure faking objectively such as the bogus inventory (BS; Anderson, Warner, & Cassie, 1984) and the over-claiming questionnaire (OCQ; Paulhus & Bruce, 1990). However, research on these new measures has been limited, and their validities as faking measures have not been established yet. The present research aims to validate the objective faking measures against the faking criterion operationalized through within-subjects score changes. Using a true experimen...
Chapter 1 Motor and Action Perspectives on Motor Behaviour

Summary Implications for motor control of an action approach emerging from ecological psychology, and a motor approach stemming from motor control, are contrasted. The approaches have many features in common, but a major source of disagreement is the denial of central representations and movement commands by the action view. I emphasize this issue here, presenting evidence strongly implicating the central control of timing in rapid movements, contrary to the most fundamental assertions of the action view.
MIGRATION IN A LAMINAR SUSPENSION BOUNDARY LAYER MEASURED BY THE USE OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL LASER–DOPPLER ANEMOMETER

Abstract An experimental investigation is made of the behavior of the flow field of a laminar boundary layer of a suspension along a flat plate. Velocity fields of both the fluid and the solid particles and the density field of the solid particles are simultaneously obtained by the use of a two-dimensional Laser-Doppler anemometer, a feat virtually impossible to attain by conventional techniques. To validate the technique, the velocity field of a single-phase laminar boundary layer is measured and results are found to agree closely with the classical Blasius solution. The measured results strongly support the model of migratory effects being caused by the hydrodynamic lift forces acting on the solid particles as introduced by the first author and his other coworkers in their recent theoretical investigations of flows of such suspension.
Nasal fractures in children

A group of thirty children with nasal fractures was evaluated retrospectively by means of a questionnaire and hospital records. Age at the time of injury ranged from age 3 to 12 (mean = 8.6) years and mean follow-up period was 9 years. Eight patients reported some degree of nasal obstruction post reduction, but only one patient required submucous resection and two patients underwent septorhinoplasty for appearance. No patients reported class III malocclusion, or required orthodontic treatment or maxillofacial corrective surgery for maxillary hypoplasia. We concluded that a childhood nasal fracture treated by closed reduction does not have deleterious effects on facial or nasal growth.
Lessons in charter school accountability: evidence from California

ABSTRACTRecent advocacy and legislation across states calls for stricter accountability measures and closure of low-performing charter schools. As charter schools try to meet the multiple accountab...
On-Demand Virtual Lectures: Promoting Active Learning in Distance Learning

Virtual lectures are one of the key enablers for effective online learning in the higher education. However, most of the existing virtual lecture approaches are either instructor driven or requiring sophisticated system for customization. In this paper, we present an innovative learner-driven virtual lecture method to promote active learning and student engagement in the distance learning environment. We implemented the proposed on-demand virtual lectures in an Information Technology department in a large public university at the southeast of United States. The learner survey results showed that the proposed on-demand virtual lecture approach can help students learn more effectively than the traditional virtual lectures can. The implications and future directions of this study are discussed.
From Modeling to Model-Based Programming

Modeling is a fundamental, analytical tool for engineering design. Programming is the synthesis (i.e. construction) of ‘machines’ that do something useful. Advances made during the past three decades showed how these activities are intertwined in systems development and cannot be separated. Arguably, the future of engineered systems shall encompass both, especially considering the design of cyber-physical systems where the computational is in continuous interaction with the physical. State-of-the-art industrial practice appears to focus on ‘model-based programming’ – programming with higher-level abstractions. In this paper we outline a broader picture for integrating modeling and programming, and what it means for engineering processes and engineering education.
Appraisal of a scoring instrument for training and testing neonatal intubation skills

Objective To determine the validity, reliability, feasibility and applicability of a neonatal intubation scoring instrument. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Simulation-based research and training centre (Center for Advanced Pediatric and Perinatal Education), California, USA. Subjects Forty clinicians qualified for neonatal intubation. Interventions Videotaped elective intubations on a neonatal patient simulator were scored by two independent raters. One rater scored the intubations twice. We scored the preparation of equipment and premedication, intubation performance, tube position/fixation, communication, number of attempts, duration and successfulness of the procedure. Main outcome measures Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for intrarater and inter-rater reliability. Kappa coefficients for individual items and mean kappa coefficients for all items combined were calculated. Construct validity was assessed with one-way analysis of variance using the hypothesis that experienced clinicians score higher than less experienced clinicians. The approximate time to score one intubation and the instrument’s applicability in another setting were evaluated. Results ICCs for intrarater and inter-rater reliability were 0.99 (95% CI 0.98 to 0.99) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.96), and mean kappa coefficients were 0.93 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.01) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.92), respectively. There were no differences between the more and less experienced clinicians regarding preparation, performance, communication and total scores. The experienced group scored higher only on tube position/fixation (p=0.02). Scoring one intubation took approximately 15 min. Our instrument, developed in The Netherlands, could be readily applied in the USA. Conclusions Our scoring instrument for simulated neonatal intubations appears to be reliable, feasible and applicable in another centre. Construct validity could not be established.
Leptin inhibits prehibernation hyperphagia and reduces body weight in arctic ground squirrels

The ob gene product leptin is thought to play a physiological role in the fine tuning of a homeostatic mechanism regulating satiety and adiposity. Mouse recombinant leptin was administered to seasonally hyperphagic arctic ground squirrels as a first step in demonstrating the evolutionary conservation of leptin function and the potential involvement of leptin in the seasonal regulation of adiposity in hibernators. Continuous infusion of leptin for 3 wk via miniosmotic pumps resulted in a reduction in food intake and body weight in a manner consistent with its proposed role as a satiety hormone. During the recovery period after leptin administration, squirrels that had received leptin became hyperphagic relative to controls. Percent body fat was estimated at weekly intervals by measuring total body electrical conductivity and decreased after 3 wk of leptin administration. Our observations support the role of leptin as a regulatory hormone involved in the control of satiety, adiposity, and possibly energy expenditure in hibernating mammals.
4 Anti-retinoblastoma protein antibodies are negatively associated with lupus nephritis

Background Retinoblastoma protein (RB) regulates nucleosome/chromatin structures and is linked to tumor suppression. It regulates the cell cycle by repression of E2F transcription factor and stabilization of heterochromatin. Because SLE is the prototypic autoimmune disease with autoantibodies against the nucleosome and chromatin, the presence of anti-RB antibodies and the association with disease manifestations were examined. Methods 222 SLE patients from the Hopkins longitudinal cohort seen consecutively in clinic were studied (85% female, 94% Caucasian, mean age 51 years). Anti-RB antibodies were assayed by immunoprecipitation of 35S-methionine-labeled protein generated by in vitro transcription and translation from full length human cDNA. Odds ratios and p-values for univariate analyses were calculated using Fishers exact t-test. Exact logistic regression and odds ratios were calculated for the multi-variate model due to a cell frequency of zero for proteinuria ever and positive anti-RB antibody status. Results Anti-RB antibodies were present in 8.6% of these SLE patients, 6.3% with medium-high titer. Univariate associations with SLE manifestations for the medium-high titer positive patients are included in table 1. Of note, medium/high titer anti-RB antibodies were never found in patients with proteinuria (p=0.0028). In a multi-variate model for proteinuria, anti-RB antibodies remained negatively associated (OR 0.1112, p=0.016) after correction for female gender (OR 0.417, p=0.0498), ethnicity (Caucasian, OR 0.288, p=0.0833), low anti-dsDNA ever (OR 1.806, p=0.1192), anti-Sm positive ever (OR 1.273, p=0.7127) and low complement ever (OR 2.111, p=0.0377). Conclusions Anti-RB antibodies are a novel specificity not previously described in SLE. These antibodies are strongly negatively associated with lupus nephritis, even in multivariate models that include other variables (female gender, Caucasian ethnicity, anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, and low complement). Intriguingly, anti-RB antibodies are positively associated with stroke in SLE. Additional studies are warranted to understand the mechanism of this finding. Funding Source(s): The Hopkins Lupus Cohort was funded by NIH Grant R01-AR069572.
Counterion binding on coacervation of dioctyl sulfosuccinate in aqueous sodium chloride.

A simple coacervate-forming system consisting of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) in aqueous NaCl solution was investigated by turbidity measurement, electromotive force measurement (EMF), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) to reveal the role of counterion binding in the microstructural changes behind the evolution of the coacervate phase. Coacervation phase boundaries of DOSS against different NaCl concentrations were obtained; the pseudo-coacervation constant, Ksp,co = [DOSS−][Na+], was determined to be 1.35 ± 0.15 × 10−4 M2 at 25 °C. Sodium ion activity from EMF measurements confirmed a drastic rise in counterion binding to DOSS aggregates near the coacervate phase boundary. For DOSS/NaCl solution concentrations near the coacervate phase boundary, the turbidity changed, starting from a clear, isotropic solution far from the phase boundary, transitioning to a turbid solution near the phase boundary, and exhibiting a distinct growth of the hydrodynamic diameter of DOSS aggregates as detected by DLS. Cryo-TEM evidenced the presence of vesicles at concentrations close to the coacervate phase boundary; both unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles were observed. Increased counterion binding on the aggregates led to fusion of the larger vesicles and eventually to formation of a coacervate phase; the DOSS aggregates in the clear supernatant phase were predominately small vesicles of approximately 100 nm diameter. This study suggests that the mechanism for coacervate formation in DOSS solutions is an increase in counterion binding coincident with formation of multilamellar vesicles near the phase boundary, followed by flocculation of the multilamellar vesicles beyond the phase boundary to form the coacervate phase.
4-Cyano-1-methyl-pyridinium bromide.

In the crystal of the title mol­ecular salt, C7H7N2+·Br−, the cations form inversion dimers via weak pairwise C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds; their mean planes are separated by 0.292 (6) A. Weak C—H⋯Br inter­actions involving all of the remaining H atoms tie the cations and anions together into sets of inter­penetrating sheets. The title compound is isostructural with its iodide analogue.
History of the Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty dates back to the 1940s and 1950s and has waxed and waned in its utilization over time. Early implants were of the hemiarthroplasty/spacer design, while modern implants are closer in relation to a total-knee arthroplasty. The evolution of unicompartmental knee replacement components and the improvements in instrumentation have made implantation more reliable and consistent over time. Most recently, unicompartmental knee replacements are routinely being performed as outpatient procedures in surgery centers. The future may hold further validation of robotic surgery, cementless implants, and improved outpatient outcomes for unicompartmental knee replacements. This chapter offers some historical insight into the path that has been taken to get to the modern-day unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
Predictors of special education receipt among child welfare-involved youth

Abstract Although the cognitive, physical and psychosocial consequences of maltreatment can heighten maltreated children’s risk for special education, we know less about how a broader set of socio-ecological factors relate to their receipt of special education. This quantitative study investigated how selected attributes of children (e.g., gender) and their microsystems (e.g., caregiving settings) related to the receipt of special education among a sample of 1855 child welfare-involved youth (48% male, 52% female, Mage = 11 years) from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II. Results from logistic regression models show that children with cognitive challenges had higher odds of receiving special education (odds ratio [OR] = 3.13; p
Retrospective Pooled Screening for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in late 2019

Reports have emerged documenting earlier SARS-CoV-2 cases than previously recognized. To investigate this possibility in the Bay Area, we retrospectively tested 1,700 samples from symptomatic individuals for the last 2 months of 2019. No SARS-CoV-2 positive pools were identified, consistent with limited transmission in this population at this time.
In the trap of Beatrice: On Florence Conard’s war memories and disciplinary turns:

This article examines the relationship between the family archive and Memory Studies. It analyzes the archive of a young woman, Florence Elizabeth Conard, whose writings of the Spanish Civil War (1...
Much Bigger Than a Hamburger: Disrupting Problematic Picturebook Depictions of the Civil Rights Movement

While more diverse children's literature about youth activism is available than ever before, popular picturebooks often perpetuate problematic tropes about the Civil Rights Movement. In this article, we conduct a critical content analysis of the award-winning picturebook The Youngest Marcher and contrast the book's content to a critical race counterstory of the Movement focused on the collective struggle for justice in the face of racial violence. We argue for the need to engage students in civic media literacy through a critical race lens and offer ways to nuance the limited narratives often found in children's literature.
Quality Improvement Initiative to Increase Rate of and Time to Post-intubation Analgesia in the Emergency Department

Introduction: Intubation and mechanical ventilation are common interventions performed in the emergency department (ED). These interventions cause pain and discomfort to patients and necessitate analgesia and sedation. Recent trends in the ED and intensive care unit focus on an analgesia-first model to improve patient outcomes. Initial data from our institution demonstrated an over-emphasis on sedation and an opportunity to improve analgesic administration. As a result of these findings, the ED undertook a quality improvement (QI) project aimed at improving analgesia administration and time to analgesia post-intubation.Methods: We performed a pre-post study between January 2017–February 2019 in the ED. Patients over the age of 18 who were intubated using rapid sequence intubation (RSI) were included in the study. The primary outcome was the rate of analgesia administration; a secondary outcome was time to analgesia administration. Quality improvement interventions occurred in two phases: an initial intervention focused on nursing education only, and a subsequent intervention that included nursing and physician education.Results: During the study period, 460 patients were intubated in the ED and met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Prior to the first intervention, the average rate of analgesia administration was 57.3%; after the second intervention, the rate was 94.9% (P <0.01). Prior to the first intervention, average time to analgesia administration was 36.0 minutes; after the second intervention, the time was 16.6 minutes (P value <0.01).Conclusion: This QI intervention demonstrates the ability of education interventions alone to increase the rate of analgesia administration and reduce the time to analgesia in post-intubation patients.
HIV-associated intussusception.

A 39-year-old man with untreated HIV presented with watery, non-bloody diarrhea and associated 25-lb weight loss. His workup was notable for a CT abdomen/pelvis which showed an entero-enteric intussusception of 3.4 cm without an underlying pathologic mass. The patient's intussusception resolved without intervention, as is typical of telescoping <3.5 cm. HIV is associated with an increased risk of developing intussusception because of an increased incidence of infectious and neoplastic conditions of the bowel.
Impact of Space Cooling Demand on the Decarbonization of the Electricity Sector in India

Global energy sector decarbonization efforts are contingent on technology choices for energy production and end-use in emerging markets such as India, where air conditioning is expected to be a major driver for electricity demand growth. Here, we use an integrated demand-supply framework to quantify the impacts of space cooling demand growth and temporal patterns on long-term electricity system evolution. Under projected renewables and Li-ion storage cost declines, our supply-demand modeling points to renewables contributing substantially (46-67%) to meet annual electricity demand in India by 2030. However, without appropriate policy measures to phase out existing coal generation, even such rapid adoption of renewable energy coupled with one or more technological levers such as low-cost energy storage and demand-side measures such as setting aggressive AC efficiency standards and distribution level storage, are insufficient to reduce annual CO2 emissions in 2050 vs. 2020 because of the relatively higher growth rate of projected electricity demand over this period.
Biblically Responsible Investing in the (New?) Kingdom Economy

Biblically responsible investing (BRI) has developed into a distinct thematic investment style within the broader context of socially responsible investing (SRI). Data from Sustainalytics, MSCI, Institutional Shareholder Services, Inspire Investing, and the Biblically Responsible Investing Institute are used to examine environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and BRI criteria for the companies that make up the S&P 500 as a whole and the eleven sectors that make up the S&P 500. The real estate sector has the best median value for two of the four ESG sources and both BRI sources. The communication services sector has the worst or tied for worst median value for two of the four ESG sources and both BRI sources. One common finding is that most companies that do violate a BRI screen do so in just one category and the one category where the violation occurs is related to LGBT concerns. Different definitions, different sources, and different criteria can make the application of BRI investing harder than it would appear at first glance. Specific case studies for Microsoft Corporation and the GuideStone Funds Equity Index Fund are examined to address some of the issues involved in the application of BRI.
Abstract W P360: Challenges,Successes and Nurse Perceptions of Implementation of the NIH Stroke Scale on Multiple Units

Background: Joint Commission Comprehensive Stroke Certification (CSC) standards include the use of a standardized stroke scale across the organization. Physicians were utilizing the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)and it was identified that nurses had a poor understanding of how to perform and interpret the scale. Purpose: To use Plan-Do-Study-Act methodology to guide a quality improvement project to increase understanding and utilization of the NIHSS by nursing staff. This includes training and certifying all the nurses in stroke patient care units; followed by implementation into nursing practice. Methods: A multidisciplinary team was created to assess the current situation,develop education and implement plans based on best evidence. A literature search was completed. A course was developed by the stroke team to train and certify 250 nurses. Course content included lecture, discussion and accepted training video offered by the National Stroke Association. The intent of the course was to expand nursing knowledge and comfort with NIHSS. A pilot course was offered to the providers outside of these three key units and feedback was used to modify the course. Nurse perceptions of the NIHSS were examined prior to the training (n=211) and 2 months after implementation of the scale into routine practice (n=68). Adjustments and resources were developed and implemented based on results. Results: The course offered a first time certification pass rate 96% and nursing documentation compliance was 83% a month after implementation. However, in the first 3 months, 80% of those who completed the survey reported feeling they could accurately perform the NIHSS but almost 60% had only performed the scale 1-6 times. Many nurses expressed concern about the scale to being too subjective (55%) and too time consuming (50%). Conclusions: Even though the staff has been trained and certified to complete the scale, steps in the scale are consistently reported as difficult to assess. Low patient volume, infrequent use and patient barriers may contribute to challenges with NIHSS.
Innate Immune Response and Inflammation: Roles in Pathogenesis and Protection (Rickettsiaceae)

Although spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) and typhus group rickettsiae (TGR) represent two major antigenically defined and historically well-known subdivisions of pathogenic Rickettsia species, recent in-depth characterization by neighbor-joining phylodendrogramic analysis has distributed rickettsiae into ancestral, spotted fever, typhus, and transitional subgroups. Importantly, well-established and widely accepted in vivo models of infection closely mimicking the pathogenesis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and epidemic typhus in humans employ infection of susceptible mouse strains with Rickettsia conorii and R. typhi, respectively. The endothelial cell responses to R. prowazekii and signaling mechanisms that determine the interplay between the host and the unique rickettsial pathogen, which is capable of escaping immune surveillance to cause recrudescent infections, remain critically important but neglected areas of scientific inquiry. Thus, one of the major critical gaps in the understanding of rickettsial pathogenesis is the definition of the biological basis of rickettsial affinity and consequent interactions with vascular endothelium. R. rickettsii infection induces a biphasic pattern of NF-ΚB activation in cultured human endothelial cells that is characterized by an early transient activation phase and a late sustained phase. There is increasing recognition that apoptosis, a tightly regulated process of altruistic suicide, plays a central role in complex interactions between an invading pathogen and host cell defense. First recognized for their ability to impede viral replication, interferons (IFNs) play a critical role in determining host survival in response to viral infection. During bacterial infections, IFN signaling defends the host by integrating early innate immune responses with later events.
Survival of rifampin-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida in soil systems

The fate of spontaneous chromosomal rifampin-resistant (Rifr) mutants of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens in sterile and live organic soil from which they were isolated was studied. In sterile native-soil assays, a Rifr mutant of P. putida showed no decrease in competitive fitness when compared with the wild-type parent. However, mutants of P. fluorescens were of two general categories. Group 1 showed no difference from the wild type in terms of growth rate, competitive fitness, and membrane protein composition. Group 2 showed a slower growth rate in both minimal and enriched media and an altered membrane protein profile. These mutants also demonstrated decreased competitive fitness compared with the wild-type strain. In live soil, the Rifr P. putida strain persisted throughout the 38-day test period with a decay rate of 0.7 log10 CFU/g of soil per 10 days. A group 1 Rifr P. fluorescens mutant maintained its inoculated titer for 7 to 10 days and then decayed at a rate of 0.2 to 0.4 log10 CFU/g of soil per 10 days. A group 2 Rifr P. fluorescens mutant remained at its titer for 1 to 5 days before decaying at a two- to threefold-faster rate. These findings indicate that rifampin resistance may not be an innocuous mutation in some pseudomonads and that marked strains should be compared with wild-type parents before being used as monitors of parental strain survival. Colonization of sterile soil with either the wild-type or mutant strain precluded normal colonization of the second added strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images
Application of Eigenvalue Decomposition in the Parallel Computation of a CHAMP 100x100 Gravity Field

To obtain an alternative gravity solution to that of EIGEN1S, the author's Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) tool, Parallel LArge Svd Solver (PLASS), was applied to the CHAMP normal matrix ngl-eigen-1s {xc[2]} to perform an Eigenvalue Decomposition (EVD) analysis. The EIGEN1S solution is based on the Tikhonov regularization method of approximating the ill-conditioned system of equations in a subspace of lower rank. In the EVD solution, poorly determined linear combinations of parameter corrections are removed in the culpable eigenspace of the unconstrained least-squares normal equation. The selection of eigenvalues to be removed, is based upon a new method and four different common optimization (truncation) criteria. The new method, the Kaula Eigenvalue (KEV) relation, optimizes the removal of eigenvalues to best satisfy Kaula's Rule. The four other techniques are: inspection, relative error, norm-norm minimization, and finding the minimum trace of the mean square error (MSE) matrix. Analysis of the five different EVD gravity fields was performed. Two of them were shown to be comparable to the EIGEN1S CHAMP solution obtained by the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) {xc[2]}. The best of the five optimal solutions, that of the KEV, is presented. The number of estimated parameters is 11216.
Flow Control Devices

Dampers are used for the control of airflow to maintain temperatures and/or pressures. Some special types of dampers are used in HVAC equipment, such as mixing boxes and induction units, but the control dampers in air ducts and plenums are almost invariably the “multi-leaf” type. Two arrangements are available: parallel-blade and opposed-blade. As Figure 5-1 shows, in parallel-blade operation all the blades move in the same (or parallel) way. In opposed-blade operation adjacent blades move in opposite directions. Without going into the physics of the situation it would appear that the opposed-blade damper is superior to the parallel-blade damper for modulating control. This is, in fact, true. Parallel-blade dampers, like flat-seated valves, should be used only for two-position control except for special applications such as air mixing to avoid stratification. (See paragraph 6.3.)
Electro-deposited protective coatings for planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnects

Chromium containing high temperature alloys coated with stable and conductive oxides are being considered as possible interconnects for planar solid oxide fuel cells. The coatings are necessary to increase oxidation resistance and reduce chromium evaporation. Here we report the use of electro-deposition methods for applying Mn/Co alloy coatings as precursor for the production of Mn/Co spinel protective layers. Characterization of the films is done by SEM and EDS analysis.
Two‐Dimensional Flow Over Airfoils

The classical solution for the flow past a two-dimensional thin airfoil is obtained by using the potential flow model. In spite of the simplifications in the governing equations and in the boundary conditions, the results are close to experimental results. The model predicts the lift slope of 2π and the location of the aerodynamic center at the quarter-chord point. Results are also presented for a simple trailing-edge flap model, indicating that the lift can be increased by such a trailing-edge device. On the basis of the results of this analysis, a simple lumped vortex model is proposed, which can be used to estimate multi-airfoil interactions and also for three-dimensional numerical models. Keywords: thin airfoil theory; aerodynamic center; Kutta condition; lift; flapped airfoil
A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program.

Objectives The aim of these two studies was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) program, an 8-week workshop designed to train people to be more self-compassionate. Methods Study 1 was a pilot study that examined change scores in self-compassion, mindfulness, and various wellbeing outcomes among community adults (N = 21; mean [M] age = 51.26, 95% female). Study 2 was a randomized controlled trial that compared a treatment group (N = 25; M age = 51.21; 78% female) with a waitlist control group (N = 27; M age = 49.11; 82% female). Results Study 1 found significant pre/post gains in self-compassion, mindfulness, and various wellbeing outcomes. Study 2 found that compared with the control group, intervention participants reported significantly larger increases in self-compassion, mindfulness, and wellbeing. Gains were maintained at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups. Conclusions The MSC program appears to be effective at enhancing self-compassion, mindfulness, and wellbeing.
Discovering missing values in semi-structured databases

We explore the problem of discovering multiple missing values in a semi-structured database. For this task, we formally develop Structured Relevance Model (SRM) built on one hypothetical generative model for semi-structured records. SRM is based on the idea that plausible values for a given field could be inferred from the context provided by the other fields in the record. Small-scale experiments on IMDb (Internet Movie Database) show that SRM matched three state-of-the-art relational learning approaches on the movie label prediction tasks. Large-scale experiments on a snapshot of the National Science Digital Library (NSDL) repository show that SRM is highly effective at discovering possible values for free-text fields even with quite modest amounts of training data, compared with state-of-the-art machine learning approaches.
land tenure, ecological zone, and agricultural regime in the Central Andes

Using a sample of community studies, the interrelationships between land tenure, agricultural regime, and ecological zone in the Central Andes are explored. Communal control is found to be associated with grazing and sectorial fallowing, while private control is found to be associated with permanent irrigation, specialized horticulture, and long-term fallowing. These patterns are shown to be produced by population pressure and market relations interacting with the vertical ecology of the Central Andean area. The importance of these findings to the debate over the “Tragedy of the Commons” and the degradation of mountain environment is discussed. [land tenure, “Tragedy of the Commons,” Central Andes, mountain agriculture, vertical ecology]
Tolerance to Morphine-Induced Increases in [14C]Catecholamine Synthesis in Mouse Brain

Morphine sulfate increased the incorporation of carbon-14-labeled tyrosine into labeled catecholamines in the mouse brain. Tolerance was manifested by a shift to the right in the dose-response curve for morphine after mice were treated repeatedly with morphine. Naloxone, a specific morphine antagonist, also shifted the dose-response curve for morphine to the right.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: literature review

The original research literature concerning premenstrual disorders appearing since the review of the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-IV work group in 1994 is reviewed. Principal areas covered include methodologic approaches to premenstrual dysphoric disorder and related syndromes; biological, neuropsychiatric, and behavioral aspects of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and related syndromes; treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and related syndromes.
Emotional stress and susceptibility to poliomyelitis virus infection in mice.

Stress induced in mice by avoidance-learning for 3–4 weeks resulted in statistically significant increase of susceptibility to poliomyelitis virus type 2 when inoculated intravenously. When the stress period was reduced to 6 hours the susceptibility was unaffected.
LR-90 prevents dyslipidaemia and diabetic nephropathy in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat.

Previous studies have shown that LR-90, a new inhibitor of AGE formation, prevented the development of experimental type 1 diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we examined the effects of LR-90 in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat, a model of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and investigated the mechanisms by which it may protect against renal injury. Male ZDF rats were treated without or with LR-90 from age 13 to 40 weeks. Metabolic and kidney functions and renal histology were evaluated. AGE accumulation and the production of the receptor for AGE (AGER) were measured. Profibrotic growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins and intracellular signalling pathways associated with glomerular and tubular damage were also analysed. LR-90 dramatically reduced plasma lipids in ZDF rats, with only modest effects on hyperglycaemia. Renal AGE, AGER and lipid peroxidation were all attenuated by LR-90. LR-90 significantly retarded the increase in albuminuria and proteinuria. This was associated with reduction in glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, concomitant with marked inhibition of renal overproduction of TGF-β1, connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin and collagen IV. Additionally, LR-90 downregulated the activation of key mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the renal cortex. These results support our earlier studies on the renoprotective effects of LR-90 on type 1 diabetic nephropathy and provide further evidence that LR-90, an AGE inhibitor with pleiotrophic effects, may also be beneficial for the prevention of type 2 diabetic nephropathy, where multiple risk factors, such as hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension, contribute to renal injury.