cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computing iconic summaries of general visual concepts

This paper considers the problem of selecting iconic images to summarize general visual categories. We define iconic images as high-quality representatives of a large group of images consistent both in appearance and semantics. To find such groups, we perform joint clustering in the space of global image descriptors and latent topic vectors of tags associated with the images. To select the representative iconic images for the joint clusters, we use a quality ranking learned from a large collection of labeled images. For the purposes of visualization, iconic images are grouped by semantic ldquothemerdquo and multidimensional scaling is used to compute a 2D layout that reflects the relationships between the themes. Results on four large-scale datasets demonstrate the ability of our approach to discover plausible themes and recurring visual motifs for challenging abstract concepts such as ldquoloverdquo and ldquobeautyrdquo.
Higher-protein foods produce greater sensory-specific satiety

The objectives of this study were to determine if high-protein versions of the same food systems show more sensory-specific satiety than lower-protein versions, and to determine the effect of these protein differences on hunger levels following a meal. Subjects ate a high-protein and a low-protein version of a food system (either strawberry yogurt or a sandwich) as test meals. The high-protein strawberry yogurt test meal consisted of a serving of strawberry yogurt that contained whey protein isolate; the low-protein yogurt test meal consisted of a close-to-commercial strawberry yogurt. The high-protein sandwich meal consisted of a ham sandwich; the low-protein sandwich meal consisted of a bacon sandwich. Subjects tasted small portions of a set of foods (which included a sample of the test meal), and rated their liking of these foods before and after eating a test meal. Sensory-specific satiety occurred for all test meals. The decreases in liking when the high-protein versions of the test meals were eaten were significantly greater than the decreases in liking for the paired low-protein test meals. Higher-protein versions of the test meals also decreased hunger more than the lower-protein versions.
Hydrogen filling station design for fuel cell vehicles

After the Energy Bill was announced in 2005, a transition of national energy system from hydrocarbon to hydrogen had been envisioned. However, safe and convenient refueling and widespread availability of hydrogen from various energy sources are the prerequisite for the development of hydrogen economy. This paper focuses on the design of a hydrogen filling station with on-site hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. The proposed virtual wind farm and on-site installed photovoltaic (PV) supply the main and renewable energy for electrolyzers in the station. The utility electricity is served as an auxiliary energy resource to compensate the intermittence of wind and solar. Since the market clearing price (MCP) can change dramatically in the deregulated power market, the station can participate in the power market with a hydrogen storage tank. Based on the forecasting of wind power with artificial neural network (ANN) model and MCP with the statistical model, this paper proposes an optimization algorithm for the hydrogen production schedule and the strategy of power trading to optimize the production costs of the station.
6‐Hydroxy‐6‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐hexanoic Acid

[198065-04-2] C12H15NO5 (MW 253.25) InChI = 1S/C12H15NO5/c14-11(7-3-4-8-12(15)16)9-5-1-2-6-10(9)13(17)18/h1-2,5-6,11,14H,3-4,7-8H2,(H,15,16) InChIKey = UIBFWSIJGPROML-UHFFFAOYSA-N (photocleavable linker for solid-phase synthesis) Solubility: soluble in EtOAc and DMF.1 Detailed solubility behavior of this reagent has not been described. Form Supplied in: this reagent is not commercially available; it has been prepared as a light yellow oil and can be directly used without further purification.1 Analysis of Reagent Purity: may be checked by NMR. Preparative Methods: 6-hydroxy-6-(2-nitrophenyl)-hexanoic acid 1 has been prepared by nitration of commercially available 2-phenylcyclohexanone with nitronium tetrafluoroborate, followed by Baeyer–Villiger oxidation and saponification of the resulting lactone (eq 1).1 (1) Alternatively, this reagent can be prepared as its ethyl ester derivative 2 by condensing the commercially available o-nitrobenzaldehyde and ethyl bromovalerate in the presence of Rieke zinc (eq 2).2 (2) Purification: the preparative methods described above1 do not provide further purification procedures for this reagent, but a standard chromatographic technique should be applicable for its purification. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: o-nitro substituted benzylic alcohols are known to be photolabile. This reagent should therefore be handled and stored with minimum exposure to light.
U(VI) bioreduction with emulsified vegetable oil as the electron donor--model application to a field test.

We amended a shallow fast-flowing uranium (U) contaminated aquifer with emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) and subsequently monitored the biogeochemical responses for over a year. Using a biogeochemical model developed in a companion article (Tang et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, doi: 10.1021/es304641b) based on microcosm tests, we simulated geochemical and microbial dynamics in the field test during and after the 2-h EVO injection. When the lab-determined parameters were applied in the field-scale simulation, the estimated rate coefficient for EVO hydrolysis in the field was about 1 order of magnitude greater than that in the microcosms. Model results suggested that precipitation of long-chain fatty acids, produced from EVO hydrolysis, with Ca in the aquifer created a secondary long-term electron donor source. The model predicted substantial accumulation of denitrifying and sulfate-reducing bacteria, and U(IV) precipitates. The accumulation was greatest near the injection wells and along the lateral boundaries of the treatment zone where electron donors mixed with electron acceptors in the groundwater. While electron acceptors such as sulfate were generally considered to compete with U(VI) for electrons, this work highlighted their role in providing electron acceptors for microorganisms to degrade complex substrates thereby enhancing U(VI) reduction and immobilization.
Clinical Classification as a Guide to Treatment of Sinusitis in Children

Evaluation of all 153 children undergoing CT scan of the paranasal sinuses for recalcitrant sinusitis symptoms between January 1988 and July 1992 was performed. Clinical categorization into groups of patients presenting with chronic sinusitis (CS) and recurrent acute sinusitis (RAS) was based upon pattern of disease and presentation. Clinical symptoms and signs, radiological examination, treatment, and outcome were compared between these distinct clinical groups. Eighty-two (55%) children were categorized as RAS and 68 (45%) as CS. Children with CS presented more frequently with a persistent cough, purulent nasal discharge, immune deficiency, and more severe mucosal disease on CT than children with RAS. Medical therapy successfully controlled the symptoms of sinusitis in 79 (96%) with RAS versus 27 (40%) with CS. Surgery was performed in 44 children: 3 (3.6%) with RAS versus 41 (60%) with CS, p 80% of all the children were either asymptomatic or improved regardless of treatment modality. These data support the use of clinical classification as a guide to medical versus surgical therapy in children with sinusitis.
Let's Not Make a Deal: An Empirical Study of Decision Making in Unsuccessful Settlement Negotiations

This study quantitatively evaluates the incidence and magnitude of errors made by attorneys and their clients in unsuccessful settlement negotiations. The primary study analyzes 2,054 contested litigation cases in which the plaintiffs and defendants conducted settlement negotiations, decided to reject the adverse party's settlement proposal, and proceeded to arbitration or trial. The parties' settlement positions are compared with the ultimate award or verdict, revealing a high incidence of decision-making error by both plaintiffs and defendants. This study updates and enhances three prior studies of attorney/litigant decision making, increasing the number of cases in the primary data sets more than threefold, adding 72 explanatory variables from 19 classes, applying a multivariate analysis, presenting an historical review of error rates during the 1964–2004 period, and comparing the primary study error rates with error rates in cases where the parties are represented by attorney-mediators. Notwithstanding these enhancements, the incidence and relative cost of the decision-making errors in this study are generally consistent with the three prior empirical studies, demonstrating the robustness of the earlier works by Samuel Gross and Kent Syverud, and Jeffrey Rachlinski. The multivariate analysis, moreover, shows that the incidence of decision-making error is more significantly affected by “context” variables (e.g., case type and forum) than by “actor” variables (e.g., attorney gender and experience level).
Event-related potential evidence suggesting voters remember political events that never happened

Voters tend to misattribute issue positions to political candidates that are consistent with their partisan affiliation, even though these candidates have never explicitly stated or endorsed such stances. The prevailing explanation in political science is that voters misattribute candidates’ issue positions because they use their political knowledge to make educated but incorrect guesses. We suggest that voter errors can also stem from a different source: false memories. The current study examined event-related potential (ERP) responses to misattributed and accurately remembered candidate issue information. We report here that ERP responses to misattributed information can elicit memory signals similar to that of correctly remembered old information—a pattern consistent with a false memory rather than educated guessing interpretation of these misattributions. These results suggest that some types of voter misinformation about candidates may be harder to correct than previously thought.
Pastoral care professionals in health and mental health care: recognizing classic and newer versions of ageism.

Pastoral care professionals are cognizant of many forms of prejudice and discrimination in society and health care environments. Ageism is perhaps the least likely to be challenged as prejudice or ...
The carboxypeptidase-like substrate-binding site in Nna1 is essential for the rescue of the Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) phenotype

The Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) phenotype is characterized by adult onset neurodegeneration resulting from mutations in Nna1, a gene encoding an intracellular protein with a putative metallocarboxypeptidase domain. As Nna1 is also induced in axotomized motor neurons, the elucidation of its function can shed light on previously unsuspected mechanisms common to degenerative and regenerative responses. Structural modeling revealed that Nna1 and three related gene products constitute a new subfamily of metallocarboxypeptidases with a distinctive substrate-binding site. To test whether the metallocarboxypeptidase domain is functionally essential, transgenic mice were generated that expressed Nna1 or a substrate-binding site mutant of Nna1 selectively in Purkinje cells using the L7/pcp2 promoter. When bred onto a homozygous pcd(3J) background, wild type but not mutant Nna1 rescued ataxic behavior and Purkinje cell loss. Therefore, loss of Nna1 in Purkinje cells leads directly to their degeneration and Nna1's carboxypeptidase domain is essential for survival of these neurons.
Three-dimensional miscible displacement simulations in homogeneous porous media with gravity override

High-accuracy three-dimensional numerical simulations of miscible displacements with gravity override in homogeneous porous media are carried out for the quarter five-spot configuration. Special emphasis is placed on describing the influence of viscous and gravitational effects on the overall displacement dynamics in terms of the vorticity variable. Even for neutrally buoyant displacements, three-dimensional effects are seen to change the character of the flow significantly, in contrast to earlier findings for rectilinear displacements. At least in part this can be attributed to the time dependence of the most dangerous vertical instability mode. Density differences influence the flow primarily by establishing a narrow gravity layer, in which the effective Peclet number is enhanced owing to the higher flow rate. However, buoyancy forces of a certain magnitude can lead to a pinch-off of the gravity layer, thereby slowing it down. Overall, an increase of the gravitational parameter is found to enhance mostly the vertical perturbations, while larger ${\hbox{\it Pe}}$ values act towards amplifying horizontal disturbances. The asymptotic rate of growth of the mixing length varies only with Peclet number. For large Peclet numbers, an asymptotic value of 0.7 is observed. A scaling law for the thickness of the gravity layer is obtained as well. In contrast to immiscible flow displacements, it is found to increase with the gravity parameter.
TxLinux and MetaTM: transactional memory and the operating system

TxLinux is the first operating system to use hardware transactional memory (HTM) as a synchronization primitive, and the first to manage HTM in the scheduler. TxLinux, which is a modification of Linux, is the first real-scale benchmark for transactional memory (TM). MetaTM is a modification of the x86 architecture that supports HTM in general and TxLinux specifically. This paper describes and measures TxLinux and MetaTM, the HTM model that supports it. TxLinux greatly benefits from a new primitive, called the cooperative transactional spinlock (cxspinlock) that allows locks and transactions to protect the same data while maintaining the advantages of both synchronization primitives. Integrating the TxLinux scheduler with the MetaTM's architectural support for HTM eliminates priority inversion for several real-world benchmarks.
Molecular dynamic simulations and global equation of state of square-well fluids with the well-widths from λ = 1.1 to 2.1

We present the results of extensive new molecular dynamic (MD) simulations in the one-phase region for square well fluids with well widths λ = 1.10, 1.15, 1.20, 1.25, 1.375, 1.50, 1.75, 1.90, 2.0, and 2.10. These data have been used in developing a crossover equation of state (CR EOS) for square-well fluids with well widths 1.1 ≤ λ ≤ 2.1. The CR EOS incorporates non-analytic scaling laws in the critical region, and in the limit of low densities yields the exact second and third virial coefficients. Also in the high-temperature region, it reproduces first-order perturbation theory results. The CR EOS was tested against our new MD simulations, and earlier MD and Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations reported by other authors as well. Excellent agreement between calculated values and simulation data for all SW fluids is observed. In combination with the density-functional theory, the CR EOS is also capable of reproducing surface tension simulations with high accuracy. Application of the CR EOS for solid–liquid equili...
Myth and Reality in the Rain Forest: How Conservation Strategies are Failing in West Africa

Myth and Reality in the Rain Forest: How Conservation Strategies Are Failing in West Africa, John F. Oates. Berkeley: University oi California Press, 1999. ix + 310 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index.
Contractual aspects of cross‐cultural negotiations

Suggests that as the global economy becomes more entrenched and the importance of internationalization becomes self evident to US businesses, the number of contacts with foreign agents will escalate. Explores whether it be by buying or selling, the end result often is cross‐cultural negotiations. Declares that the most difficult part of any negotiations is the contract, securing the agreement. Examines cross‐cultural differences in contracts and agreements and offers various suggestions on how to increase the likelhood of success in a cross‐cultural negotiation.
High Speed Micro Holographic PIV Measurements of Microorganisms

Holographic particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a novel application of holography that allows for tracking of small particle sized objects in a small volume. Whereas regular PIV allows for the two in-plane components of the velocity field to be measured, and stereoscopic PIV allows for the three-components of the velocity field to be measured in a thin plane, holographic PIV allows for the three-components of the velocity to be measured for each individual particle present in the measuring volume, thus allowing to fully resolve fluid flows that are inherently 3D in nature. There are many examples of three dimensional flows in nature including turbulence flows, but another very interesting application very well suited for this technique involves tracking living microorganisms in order to study their motion and their means of propulsion. As part of this research a micro organism was tracked in three dimensions using a high speed microscopic holographic imaging method. The ability to track organisms in 3D allows better understanding and characterizing of their behavior including their propulsion methods, their feeding methods and their interaction with each other. The time resolved holograms were reconstructed in Matlab using Fast Fourier Transforms. A laser pointer was used as a source of coherent light, and a high speed PIV camera (Photron APX Ultima) was used to capture the images. A beam expander was used to increase the diameter of the laser beam allowing for a larger tracking area. Results with this system will show the trajectories in 3D of microorganisms as well as the three components of the velocity field showing the interaction of the organisms with their environment.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Functional interaction between RNA helicase II/Guα and ribosomal protein L4

RNA helicase II/Gu(alpha) is a multifunctional nucleolar protein involved in ribosomal RNA processing in Xenopus laevis oocytes and mammalian cells. Downregulation of Gu(alpha) using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in HeLa cells resulted in 80% inhibition of both 18S and 28S rRNA production. The mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Here we show that in mammalian cells, Gu(alpha) physically interacts with ribosomal protein L4 (RPL4), a component of 60S ribosome large subunit. The ATPase activity of Gu(alpha) is important for this interaction and is also necessary for the function of Gu(alpha) in the production of both 18S and 28S rRNAs. Knocking down RPL4 expression using siRNA in mouse LAP3 cells inhibits the production of 47/45S, 32S, 28S, and 18S rRNAs. This inhibition is reversed by exogenous expression of wild-type human RPL4 protein but not the mutant form lacking Gu(alpha)-interacting motif. These observations have suggested that the function of Gu(alpha) in rRNA processing is at least partially dependent on its ability to interact with RPL4.
Reprint of: Reoperations on the total aortic arch in 119 patients: Short- and mid-term outcomes, focusing on composite adverse outcomes and survival analysis

Objectives To determine the preoperative and perioperative risk factors that significantly predict adverse outcomes after total arch replacement in patients with previous proximal aortic surgery and to analyze patient survival. Methods We performed univariate analysis and logistic regression on data extracted from a prospectively maintained database for 119 patients who had undergone total arch operations during a 7.5-year period. All patients had undergone previous proximal aortic surgery. The adverse outcome was defined as a single composite endpoint comprising operative mortality, permanent neurologic deficit, and renal failure necessitating permanent hemodialysis. Results The incidence of the composite endpoint was 13.5% (16 of 119 patients). The univariate predictors were preoperative pulmonary disease ( P = .010), cardiac ischemia time ( P = .032), and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time ( P = .073). On multivariate analysis, the following were predictors of the composite endpoint: preoperative pulmonary disease ( P = .036), CPB time ( P = .039), concomitant coronary artery bypass ( P = .0057), previous aortic valve replacement ( P = .027), and previous thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery ( P = .057). Multivariate analysis showed that the CPB time predicted mortality ( P = .0044), and previous thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery predicted stroke ( P = .034). The overall survival was 85.3% during a median follow-up of 4.76 years (95% confidence interval, 4.2-5.1). Conclusions Aortic arch reoperations, although technically demanding, can produce acceptable results. Preoperative pulmonary disease, CPB time, and concomitant coronary artery bypass predicted an adverse outcome. The CPB time predicted mortality, and previous thoracoabdominal aortic surgery predicted stroke.
Keyword search for data-centric XML collections with long text fields

Users who are unfamiliar with database query languages can search XML data sets using keyword queries. Current approaches for supporting such queries are either for text-centric XML, where the structure is very simple and long text fields predominate; or data-centric, where the structure is very rich. However, long text fields are becoming more common in data-centric XML, and existing approaches deliver relatively poor precision, recall, and ranking for such data sets. In this paper, we introduce an XML keyword search method that provides high precision, recall, and ranking quality for data-centric XML, even when long text fields are present. Our approach is based on a new group of structural relationships called normalized term presence correlation (NTPC). In a one-time setup phase, we compute the NTPCs for a representative DB instance, then use this information to rank candidate answers for all subsequent queries, based on each answer's structure. Our experiments with 65 user-supplied queries over two real-world XML data sets show that NTPC-based ranking is always as effective as the best previously available XML keyword search method for data-centric data sets, and provides better precision, recall, and ranking than previous approaches when long text fields are present. As the straightforward approach for computing NTPCs is too slow, we also present algorithms to compute NTPCs efficiently.
Inheritance Model Introduces Differential Bias in CNV Calls between Parents and Offspring

Copy Number Variation (CNV) is increasingly implicated in disease pathogenesis. CNVs are often identified by statistical models applied to data from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels. Family information for samples provides additional information for CNV inference. Two modes of PennCNV (the Joint-call and Posterior-call), which are some of the most well-developed family-based CNV calling methods, use a “Joint-model” as a main component. This models all family members’ CNV states together with Mendelian inheritance. Methods based on the Joint-model are used to infer CNV calls of cases and controls in a pedigree, which may be compared to each other to test an association. Although benefits from the Joint-model have been shown elsewhere, equality of call rates in parents and offspring has not been evaluated previously. This can affect downstream analyses in studies that compare CNV rates in cases versus controls in pedigrees. In this paper, we show that the Joint-model can introduce different CNV call rates among family members in the absence of a true difference. First, we show that the Joint-model may analytically introduce differential CNV calls because of asymmetry of the model. We demonstrate these differential call rates using single-marker simulations. We show that call rates using the two modes of PennCNV also differ between parents-offspring in one multi-marker simulated dataset and two real datasets. Our results advise need for caution in use of the Joint-model calls in CNV association studies with family-based datasets.
Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF)

Methods of spinal arthrodesis continue to evolve in efforts to treat back pain. The latest techniques include approaching from the anterior, posterior, lateral, and posterolateral. The transforaminal interbody lumbar fusion (TLIF) developed by Harms [1] is a modification of the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). The procedure varies primarily in the access to the spine, being a unilateral, posterolateral approach to the spine [2]. Simultaneous pedicle screw fixation can be used to achieve anterior column stability. The TLIF has been shown to be a valuable alternative to the traditional PLIF [3–7]. Advantages of the TLIF over the PLIF are fewer complications [4], the elimination of epidural scarring [1], less intraoperative bleeding [4], and the avoidance of dura and nerve roots [2, 4]. Further, given its unilateral approach, the TLIF offers better preservation of the lumbar spine musculoligamentous complex. Current approaches to lumbar discectomy and techniques in interbody fusion have been greatly influenced by recent advances in minimally invasive spine surgery [8–15]. One minimally invasive tubular system in existence is the METRx system (Sofamor Danek). Another minimally invasive system is the Atavi (Endius). One nontubular system which we describe further in this chapter is called MaXcess (NuVasive). A variation on the standard TLIF, it allows rapid, unilateral access to the lumbar spine via a percutaneous route while minimizing the amount of operative soft tissue trauma. The MaXcess system is designed to maximize surgical access while minimizing disruption of the musculature. It enables the use of standard instruments to perform conventional surgery and allows direct visualization without requiring special equipment. Additionally, an illuminated operative corridor aids in providing direct visualization with superior lighting.
Managing traffic-light-duration by exploiting smart antenna technology (MATSAT) for coordinated multiple-intersections (CMI)

Traffic light control and coordination is a critical function in today's busy roadways. Typical traffic lights have been shifting from fixed timing to ones that are based on a variety of sensors. Several shortcomings have been identified when considering these different approaches. In this paper, we propose smart dynamic traffic lights that can adapt their signaling times (e.g., changes from green to red and vice versa) according to the traffic density, exploiting Direction of Arrival and Timing Advance information transmitted from cell-phones, carried by the car drivers, to smart antennas installed on cellular base stations. The simulation analysis shows that the proposed system has the potential to reduce the queuing delay by 92%. Consequently, such an approach would reduce fuel consumption and pollution by 92% by avoiding queue on traffic signal lights.
Defending definitions of life.

Abstract Over the past 10 years, it has become unpopular to talk about definitions of life, under the assumption that attempts at a precise definition are counterproductive. Recent attempts have failed to meet strict philosophical criteria for definitions and have failed to reach consensus. I argue that provisional definitions are necessary for clear communications. Our current knowledge of biology justifies a number of universal claims about the category of life. Whether or not “life” represents a natural category, it maps to a number of important, observable processes. Given the importance of those processes and the extent of our knowledge, plural explicit definitions of life (and related categories) will be necessary for progress in astrobiology and origin-of-life studies as well as biology in general. I propose concrete categories related to, but not necessarily coextensive with, life for clear communication and hypothesis formation: Woese life, Darwin life, Haldane life. Key Words: Astrobiology—Life—...
Assessment of coronary wall thickening in autosomal dominant hyper- immunoglobin E syndrome (AD-HIES) using TRAPD-MRI

Background Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE (AD-HIES), also called Job’s syndrome, is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by dominant mutations in STAT3. AD-HIES is characterized by elevated levels of IgE, an ineffective immune response to several infectious agents, and connective tissue and arterial abnormalities. To date, coronary artery evaluation in AD-HIES patients has been limited to lumenography by CTA or MRA. Direct in vivo coronary vessel wall imaging may allow for earlier detection of coronary artery disease, possibly at the subclinical stage, and may lead to more accurate assessment of treatment efficacy. The goal of this prospective study was to evaluate the coronary artery walls of AD-HIES patients using MRI and compare to healthy subjects and subjects with known coronary artery disease.
Interhospital Transfer of Neurosurgical Patients to a High-Volume Tertiary Care Center: Opportunities for Improvement.

Background Neurosurgical indications for patient transfer include absence of local or available neurosurgical coverage, subspecialty or interdisciplinary requirements, and family preference. Transfer of patients to regional centers will increase with further centralization of medical care. Objective To report the transfer records of a large tertiary care center to identify trends, failures, and opportunities to improve interhospital transfer of neurosurgical patients. Methods All consecutive, prospectively documented requests for interhospital patient transfer to the adult neurosurgical service of Emory University Hospitals were retrospectively identified from a centralized transfer center database for a 1-year study period. Results Requests for neurosurgical care constituted 1323 of the 9087 calls (14.6%); 81.1% of these requests were accepted, and a total of 984 patients (74.4%) arrived at our institutions. Patients arrived from 133 unique facilities throughout a catchment area of 66 287 sq miles. Although the median travel time for transfer patients was 36 minutes, the median interval between the request and patient arrival was 4 hours 2 minutes. The most frequent diagnoses were intracranial hemorrhage (31.8%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (31.2%), and intracranial tumor (15.2%). The overall diagnostic error rate was 10.3%. Only 42.5% of patients underwent neurosurgical intervention, and 57 patients admitted to intensive care were immediately transitioned to a lower level of care. Conclusion Interhospital transfer requires a coordinated effort among hospital administrators, physicians, and staff to make complex decisions that govern this important and costly process. These data suggest common failures and numerous opportunities for improvement in transfer efficiency, diagnostic accuracy, triage, and resource allocation.
Effect of pharmacy students as primary pharmacy members on inpatient interdisciplinary mental health teams

Purpose The effect of pharmacy students as primary pharmacy members on inpatient interdisciplinary mental health teams was investigated. Methods This retrospective study used Veterans Affairs data from veterans who were admitted to an inpatient mental health unit from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2012. Eligible veterans had to have been hospitalized for at least five days and treated with at least five scheduled medications during the hospitalization. Information collected by the investigators included patient age, psychiatric diagnoses, accuracy of medication reconciliation on admission and at discharge, and readmission rates within six months and one year. Additional information collected included monitoring parameters for lithium, divalproex, first-generation antipsychotics, and second-generation antipsychotics. The primary outcome was the percentage of accurate medication reconciliations for treatment teams with a fourth-year pharmacy student and without a pharmacy student. Clinical monitoring and readmission rates were also compared. Results A total of 526 patients were eligible for study inclusion. Medication reconciliation was performed on admission for all patients followed by a team involving a pharmacy student (experimental group), but only 51% of patients in the control group had documented medication reconciliations in the medical chart. Of the medication reconciliations completed, 82% were performed correctly in the experimental group, compared with 61% when a pharmacy student was not involved ( p = 0.006). There were no significant differences between groups in psychotropic monitoring and readmission rates. Conclusion The presence of fourth-year pharmacy students on inpatient mental health interdisciplinary teams was associated with more frequent interventions, patient counseling, and medication reconciliation, compared with rates for teams without a pharmacy student. Medication reconciliation was performed more consistently and accurately when the teams had a pharmacy student than when they did not.
THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF THE BUTTERFLY, EUPHYDRYAS EDITHA. VIII. OVIPOSITION AND ITS RELATION TO PATTERNS OF OVIPOSITION IN OTHER BUTTERFLIES.

This paper is one of a continuing series investigating the population biology of Euphydryas editha (Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae). The life history and general biology of this butterfly have been described in preceding papers that have dealt with aspects of its ecology, phenetics, and reproductive biology (Labine, 1964; Ehrlich, 1965; Ehrlich and Mason, 1966; Labine, 1966a; Mason, Ehrlich, and Emmel, 1967, 1968; Johnson, Keith, and Ehrlich, 1968). The present paper is concerned with oviposition and its ecological consequences. "Oviposition" is used here in a broad sense and is meant to include oviposition behavior, egg number, egg size, rate of oviposition, etc. Attempts to interpret the oviposition pattern of Euphydryas editha led to comparisons with what is known of oviposition patterns in other butterflies.
Comprehensive Analysis and Optimal Selection of Front-loading Air Preheater in Utility Boiler

This paper makes in-depth analysis of four applicable types of front-loading air heat exchanger: rotary type,shell and tube type,heat pipe type and water medium type. In combination with actual data of a typical 1000MW Ultra-supercritical coal-fired power station boiler,this paper makes comprehensive comparison and optimal selection among the various types of front-loading air heat exchanger in terms of heat-transfer characteristics,heat exchanger surface,flue space,metal consumption,flow resistance,etc.
14-Day Toxicity Studies of Tetravalent and Pentavalent Vanadium Compounds in Harlan Sprague Dawley Rats and B6C3F1/N Mice via Drinking Water Exposure.

Abstract Background The National Toxicology Program (NTP) performed short-term toxicity studies of tetra- and pentavalent vanadium compounds, vanadyl sulfate and sodium metavanadate, respectively. Due to widespread human exposure and a lack of chronic toxicity data, there is concern for human health following oral exposure to soluble vanadium compounds. Objectives To compare the potency and toxicological profile of vanadyl sulfate and sodium metavanadate using a short-term in vivo toxicity assay. Methods Adult male and female Harlan Sprague Dawley (HSD) rats and B6C3F1/N mice, 5 per group, were exposed to vanadyl sulfate or sodium metavanadate, via drinking water, at concentrations of 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/L for 14 days. Water consumption, body weights and clinical observations were recorded throughout the study; organ weights were collected at study termination. Results Lower water consumption, up to −80% at 2000 mg/L, was observed at most exposure concentrations for animals exposed to either vanadyl sulfate or sodium metavanadate and was accompanied by decreased body weights at the highest concentrations for both compounds. Animals in the 1000 and 2000 mg/L sodium metavanadate groups were removed early due to overt toxicity. Thinness was observed in high-dose animals exposed to either compound, while lethargy and abnormal gait were only observed in vanadate-exposed animals. Conclusions Based on clinical observations and overt toxicity, sodium metavanadate appears to be more toxic than vanadyl sulfate. Differential toxicity cannot be explained by differences in total vanadium intake, based on water consumption, and may be due to differences in disposition or mechanism of toxicity.
Femoral Component Rotation in Total Knee Arthroplasty: An MRI Based Evaluation of the Options

Introduction Proper femoral component rotation is a crucial factor in successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Femoral component rotation using anatomic landmarks has traditionally been established by referencing the transepicondylar axis (TEA), Whiteside9s Line (WSL), or the posterior condylar axis (PCA). TEA is thought to best approximate the flexion-axis of the knee, however WSL or PCA are commonly used as surrogates of the TEA in the operating room due to their accessibility. The relationship of these anatomic landmarks has been previously investigated in anatomic and computed tomography based studies. The relatively few knees evaluated have limited the power of these studies. Patient Specific Instrumentation (PSI) utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging technology in total knee replacement. The purpose of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging based planning software to assess the relationship of WSL and PCA to the TEA and to determine if the relationships were influenced by the magnitude of the pre-operative coronal deformity. Methods Five hundred sixty total knee replacements were performed in 510 patients utilizing PSI. The Materialize preoperative planning software was utilized to determine the rotational relationships of TEA, WSL, and PCA (Fig 1). The coronal plane deformity of each patient was also evaluated utilizing the MRI-based imaging and planning software. Results The WSL is externally rotated by 90.36 degrees (SD ±2.3 degrees) compared to the TEA and the PCA is 2.38 degrees (SD ±1.6 degrees) internally rotated compared to the TEA in the overall population (p Discussion Femoral component rotation is determined based on one of three axis options. Classic studies have shown that the TEA is perpendicular to the WSL and the PCA is 3 degrees internally rotated to the TEA. However, there is wide variation in the relationships. Our MRI based evaluation shows that both WSL and PCA approximate the TEA in valgus knees regardless of the degree of deformity. Our study also shows that on average the PCA is 2.38 degrees internally rotated compared to the TEA, not the previously assumed 3 degrees. Our study indicates that the PCA is more internally rotated compared to the TEA in female patients and patients with valgus deformity. Males with varus knees may only require a 2 degree internal rotation correction rather than the historically established 3 degrees. WSL also shows more variability in its relationship to the TEA compared to the PCA. Advanced imaging can assist surgeons in assessing their options for femoral component rotation in TKA. Our data indicates that the relationships of axis options and historical assumptions may need to be reassessed as imaging technology advances.
Theoretical Treatment of Low-Frequency Motions in Excited State Molecules

In this report, we describe new techniques developed for the study of the low frequency motions of large molecules in excited states and apply them to a detailed study of the symmetric phenyl torsion vibration in excited singlet benzophenone.
Ideas on the timing of metazoan diversification

Fossil data suggest that the great majority of metazoan classes that existed in tlhe Early Cambrian arose after about 700 my ago. The rectangular model of evolution, which views most evolutionary change as being concentrated in speciation events, can easily ac- commodate the implied rate of divergence. If, as some authors believe, the eukaryotic cell arose long before the start of the Cambrian, an explanation is required for the delay of large-scale metazoan divergence. The advent of sexuality may have triggered diversification, not by accelerating phyletic evolution, as tra- ditionally believed, but by making possible speciation and, hence, adaptive radiation. An- other important delaying factor may have been the near-saturation of Precambrian algal systems in the absence of cropping by herbivores. Uncropped Precambrian systems should have been self-limiting in terms of diversification. When advanced heterotrophy finally arose, self-propagating feedback systems of diversification should have been set in motion. Even if the eukaryotic cell arose later than commonly envisioned and triggered the radia- tion of the Metazoa about 700 my ago, the earlier absence of sexuality and cropping may have delayed the transition from the prokaryotic condition to the eukaryotic condition.
The Absurd and Storytelling in Uwe Timm's Johannisnacht and Rot

This essay explores the connection between Uwe Timm’s work and Albert Camus’s notion of the absurd. Camus characterizes the absurd as a divorce from a perceived unity with the world that, when the divorce comes to consciousness, leads to a feeling that life is meaningless and thus potentially not worth living. Camus describes how illusions about the importance of our tasks and activities can dismantle themselves and create a sense of futility. This essay asserts that Timm acknowledges the Camusian divorce in theory and fiction. However, like Camus, he views artistic creation as a confirmation of life’s meaning. For Timm, then, telling stories represents a response to the absurd and the nostalgia for unity that it leaves behind. In Johannisnacht and Rot Timm narrates stories that embrace the redemptive power of everyday living to reinforce life’s meaning in the act of storytelling.
Comparison of Accelerometry Methods for Estimating Physical Activity.

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to compare physical activity estimates across different accelerometer wear locations, wear time protocols, and data processing techniques.MethodsA convenience sample of middle-age to older women wore a GT3X+ accelerometer at the wrist and hip for 7 d. Physical activit
Poor nutrition and bullying behaviors: A comparison of deviant and non-deviant youth.

Abstract Research on the topic of bullying has revealed that a substantial number of youth are bullied each year. Even so, a complete understanding of the origins of bullying behaviors remains elusive. In the current study, we propose that poor nutrition may constitute an important modifiable risk factor for bullying behaviors during adolescence, and that behavioral sensitivity to nutrition may vary across deviant and non-deviant youth. We employ data from the US sample of youth (52% male) ages 10–17 from the 2009–2010 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study to examine our hypothesis (N = 8753). The results reveal that poor nutrition significantly increases the odds of persistent bullying among youth, and that this relationship is particularly pronounced for non-deviant youth. The findings suggest that efforts to improve the nutrition of non-deviant youth may have the added benefit of reducing their likelihood of engaging in persistent bullying behaviors.
Aluminum is more tightly bound in soil after wollastonite treatment to a forest watershed

Aluminum concentrations decreased on soil exchange sites and in soil solutions after a whole-watershed wollastonite (CaSiO3) treatment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. This study was conducted to determine whether these decreases could be explained by changes in organically bound Al (Alorg) in soils. The concentrations of Alorg, exchangeable Al (AlKCl) and other chemical properties in organic (Oi + Oe, Oa) and 0–10 cm mineral soil layers were measured using samples collected prior to treatment (1998) and afterwards (2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014). Compared to pre-treatment values, Alorg concentrations in the Oa horizon and the 0–10 cm mineral soil layer increased by 312% and 803%, respectively. Over the same period, AlKCl concentrations in these horizons decreased by 57% and 15%, respectively. Through 2014, the Alorg pool in the 0–10 cm mineral soil layer increased by 602% compared to the pretreatment value, whereas the AlKCl pool in the Oa horizon decreased by 84%. In the surface Oi + Oe horizon, no significant changes in soil Al concentrations and pools were observed after the treatment, though AlKCl concentrations showed a slight decrease. Aluminum is migrating downward from the Oa horizon to the 0–10 cm mineral layer. The predominant form of Al binding has shifted from weaker exchangeable Al to stronger organically bound Al. This conversion of exchangeable Al to organically bound Al has reduced Al solubility and contributed to improved forest health.
RespondR signature to predict response in TNBC patients treated with adjuvant taxane based chemotherapy in TCGA dataset.

1079Background: Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), who achieve pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant taxane-anthracycline (AT) based chemotherapy have improved survival. However, in current practice a priori identification of these patients is not possible. We have previously documented that the 19-gene RespondR score significantly stratifies TNBC patients by likelihood of response to neo-adjuvant AT therapy (ASCO 2015). In this study, we further analyzed patients treated with adjuvant taxanes in the TCGA dataset and a microarray dataset to document the broader utility of the signature. Methods: The microarray based 19-gene signature was first adapted to next generation RNA-seq data. Following normalization, the RespondR score was calculated for TNBC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) treated with a taxane. RespondR was also studied in the Affymetrix microarray dataset GSE58812 from TNBC patients (n = 107) treated with adjuvant therapy. The primary endpoint wa...
Improving Resident and Nurse Communication Practices: Results of a Collaborative Culture Initiative

AbstractIntroduction: Paging is a critical modality for urgent hospital communication. We sought to improve overnight nurse paging practices to reduce noncritical pages, improve resident sleep prac...