cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The use of poetry therapy with domestic violence counselors experiencing secondary posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms

Domestic violence counselors who are exposed to the traumatic material of clients may be at risk of secondary posttraumatic stress disorder (SPTSD) and are in need of effective interventions that combat symptoms of SPTSD. The focus of this study is on the examination of the effectiveness of poetry therapy for domestic violence counselors experiencing SPTSD symptoms; and on an investigation of the predictors of SPTSD symptoms. The results showed that poetry therapy reduced SPTSD symptoms in domestic violence counselors. Gender, openness to experiences, and agreeableness were significant predictors of SPTSD symptoms. Implications on the use of poetry therapy are discussed.
Microchannel heat sinks for two-dimensional high-power-density diode laser arrays

The operation of a two-dimensional GaInAsP/InP diode laser array with CW power dissipation up to 500 W/cm/sup 2/ into a Si microchannel heat sink is discussed. The approximately 1*4-mm/sup 2/ laser array was used to characterize the heat sink, and the value of 0.040 degrees C cm/sup 2//W was obtained for the thermal resistance per unit area. The extrapolated value for a 1-cm/sup 2/ heated area is 0.070 degrees C cm/sup 2//W. >
Surrounds in partitions

Surrounds is a topological relation that can exist between two regions or between collections of regions in R2. This paper provides an algebraic construction for surrounds within a partition and provides a complementary graph-theoretic approach for the detection of the surrounds conditions created by the operations within the algebra. These two approaches are contrasted to one another. Constraints are placed upon surrounds to maintain certain algebraic benefits and the consequences of their relaxations are assessed.
Transient elution of particulate matter from hydrodynamic unit operations as a function of computational parameters and runoff hydrograph unsteadiness

Abstract While computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized to simulate particulate matter (PM) separation and particle size distributions (PSDs) from unit operations, the role of computational parameters and runoff hydrograph unsteadiness to simulate intra-event elution of PM has not been examined. An Euler–Lagrangian CFD model is utilized to simulate discrete (Type I) separation of PM by a common hydrodynamic unit operation subject to unsteady runoff events and a hetero-disperse PM gradation. Utilizing a baffled hydrodynamic separator (HS) this study illustrates the potential of a CFD model to predict PM elution as a function of runoff hydrograph unsteadiness. The study hypothesizes that accurate simulation of unit behavior as a function of unsteadiness is dependent on mesh size (MS), time step (TS) and PSD discretization number (DN). Full-scale physical model and CFD results are compared. Intra-event results demonstrate that MS, TS and DN parameters significantly influence prediction of transient PM elution, PSDs and computational effort. Results demonstrate that each parameter generates error for transient PM elution as influenced by the unsteadiness level. In contrast, TS, MS and DN selection each have a statistically significantly smaller influence on event-based PM mass balances and PSDs.
Host immune competence and local ischemia affects the functionality of engineered vasculature.

Objective: Localized and sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a promising approach to overcome the limited efficacy of bolus delivery. The authors examined the effects of host immune competence and local ischemia on the functionality of new vessel networks formed with this approach.Methods: Vessel structure and perfusion resulting from implantation of porous 85:15 poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds releasing VEGF165 were measured in both subcutaneous tissue and ischemic hindlimbs of immune competent C57BL/6 and immune deficient SCID mice.Results: Sustained VEGF delivery resulted in a similar ∼100% increase in vessel density within scaffolds in both implant sites, and both animal models. However, the resulting perfusion within scaffolds implanted in subcutaneous tissue increased modestly versus control (18–35%), while perfusion increased 52–110% above control when VEGF-releasing scaffolds were placed in ischemic hindlimbs of C57BL/6 or SCID mice. VEGF delivery improved perfu...
Fallen fontanelle: culture-bound or cross-cultural?

Rather than bound to one culture, fallen fontanelle has been labeled as an illness or recognized as a symptom through time and space. The condition may be called siriasus, sitibundum, fontanellae collapsus, el apostema calido del cerebro, Blatfallen, Blattschiessen, entzundung des Gehirns und der Gehirnhaute der Kleinen Kinder, coup de soleil, sorte de maladie causee par l'inflammation des membranes du cerveau, head-mould-shot, mollera caida, desmollerado, gual, split skull, sutt, nhova, kubabula, chipande, phogwana and dehydration. Defining features of this condition as well as prevention and treatment have corresponded to the specific cultural setting and ethnographic present. Fallen fontanelle (or fontanel) is "a culturally interpreted symptom rather than culture-bound" (Low 1985). The methodological perspective is an ethnohistorical recounting of change in the meaning of this symptom.
Line identifications in the ultraviolet spectra of Tau Herculis, B5 IV, and Zeta Draconis, B6 III

Tables of the lines found on two tracings each of the ultraviolet spectrum of Tau Her, B5 IV, and Zeta Dra, B6 III, made by the Copernicus satellite and possible identifications are given. The ranges 1025-1451A for Tau Her and 1035 to 1425A for Zeta Dra are covered by the U2 spectrometer at a resolution of 0.2A; the ranges 2028 to 2959A for Tau Her and 2000 to 3000A for Zeta Dra are covered by the V2 spectrometer at a resolution of 0.4A. The observed density of lines in the U2 region is 1.1 lines/A for Tau Her and 1.7 lines/A for Zeta Dra. In the V2 region it is 0.8 lines/A for Tau Her and 0.9 lines/A for Zeta Dra.
Seasonal cycles of the interstitial cells in the testis of the horned toad (Phrynosoma solare). Seasonal variations in the number and morphology of the interstitial cells and the volume of the interstitial tissue

A histological study has been made of a series of Phrynosoma testes taken at frequent intervals throughout the year. As it was important to differentiate between the amount of interstitial tissue and the number of cells, it was necessary to take into account the percentage of tissue, total testis volume and the number of cells per unit volume. The results show a definite interstitial-cell cycle. Volume of interstitial tissue and size of individual cells are greatest during the breeding season, but the interstitial-cell number is then minimal. The maximal number of interstitial cells occurs after the close of the breeding season. There is, apparently, no reversion of interstitial cells to a connective-tissue-cell type. The above changes are correlated with the spermatogenetic cycle and with increases in total tubule length, in tubule diameter, and in testis volume. The time in which important changes in ovarian volume occur and at which ovulation takes place is coincident with the testicular changes. Interstitial cells have been stated to have no endocrine function for the reason that their number is at a minimum during the breeding season. If, however, interstitial tissue is responsible for sex characters and activity, the present work would indicate that it is the volume of tissue, and not the number of cells, that is important.
Localized distributed optimal control with output feedback and communication delays

This paper presents an output feedback control scheme for localizable distributed systems subject to delay, that is to say systems for which the effect of both process noise and sensor noise can be localized in closed loop despite communications delays between controllers. By reformulating the distributed optimal control problem in terms of the closed loop transfer matrices from sensor and process noise to controlled output, we cast the optimal localized distributed control problem as a finite dimensional affinely constrained convex program. We additionally show how to synthesize the controller achieving the desired closed loop response, and that the controller can be implemented in a localized and thus scalable manner, which is essential when applying the scheme to large scale systems. Simulation shows that for certain systems, our optimal controller, with its constraints on locality, settling time, and communication delay, can achieve similar performance to a centralized optimal one.
Thyroxine metabolism in the dog.

Thyroxine (T4) metabolism in the dog was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analysis of serum, urine, fecal and bile radioactivity following the intravenous administration of radioactive T4. In addition, T4 binding by serum proteins was also studied. Proteinbound serum radioactivity decreased in a multiexponential fashion with an average half-time of disappearance of 0.43 and 5.6 days for the slower second and third components. Urinary and fecal radioactivity accumulated at similar rates to plasma disappearance with 40% of the dose in the feces and 41 % in urine by 48 hr. Fecal radioactivity was primarily T4 and urinary radioactivity iodide. A variety of T4 metabolites were found in the bile, and biliary “clearance” averaged 0.58 cc/min, considerably less than rat and greater than man when expressed in terms of body weight. Four T4 binding proteins were identified in dog serum with binding characteristics distinctly different from man. These data suggest that thyroxine metabolism in the dog differs...
Electron transfer activation of a second water channel for proton transport in [FeFe]-hydrogenase

Hydrogenase enzymes are important because they can reversibly catalyze the production of molecular hydrogen. Proton transport mechanisms have been previously studied in residue pathways that lead to the active site of the enzyme via residues Cys299 and Ser319. The importance of this pathway and these residues has been previously exhibited through site-specific mutations, which were shown to interrupt the enzyme activity. It has been shown recently that a separate water channel (WC2) is coupled with electron transport to the active site of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase. The water-mediated proton transport mechanisms of the enzyme in different electronic states have been studied using the multistate empirical valence bond reactive molecular dynamics method, in order to understand any role WC2 may have in facilitating the residue pathway in bringing an additional proton to the enzyme active site. In a single electronic state A2−, a water wire was formed through which protons can be transported with a low free energ...
A comparison of the drag coefficients of spheres translating in corn-syrup-based and polybutene-based boger fluids

Abstract The drag force on spheres in uniform translation has been measured for two different non-shear-thinning elastic liquids. The drag force in the polyisobutylene-polybutene solutions obeyed Stokes' law for Weissenberg number ( We ) up to 0.3, then increased with further increasing We . The drag force in the polyacrylamide-corn syrup solution obeyed Stokes' law up to We = 0.1 but then decreased with further increasing We . This behavior is consistent with current theoretical predictions of Chilcott and Rallison based on an FENE model if the polyisobutylene molecular chains are much more extensible relative to their equilibrium lengths in polybutene than the polyacrylamide chains are in corn syrup. Measurements of intrinsic viscosity available in the literature for these two systems confirm that this is the case.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE INHIBITION OF THE PRODUCTION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE BY LITHOSPERM

THE original experiments of Cranston (1945) which demonstrated the presence of an anti-estrus factor in the plant, Lithospermum ruderale, served to focus considerable attention on this material. It has been shown that the mechanism of its activity does not involve an inanition effect (Cranston, 1945), a efficiency of the vitamins thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pyridoxin, or pantothenic acid (Drasher, 1949), or an inhibition of the thyroid (Cranston, 1945; Zahl, 1948; Drasher, 1949). These facts, coupled with the original observation made by Cranston (1945) that the folliclestimulating hormone would induce estrus in Lithosperm-treated animals, point clearly to a direct inhibitory influence on the production of gonadotropins. Such an overall decrease in gonadotropin potency of the pituitaries of intact mice on a Lithosperm diet was shown by Cranston and Robinson (1949). The picture becomes somewhat more complex in the castrated animals where, 30 days after castration,
Transmutation of fullerenes.

Fullerenes were pyrolyzed by subliming them into a stream of flowing argon gas and then passing them through an oven heated to ∼1000 °C. C76, C78, and C84 all readily lost carbons to form smaller fullerenes. In the case of C78, some isomerization was seen. Pyrolysis of 3He@C76 showed that all or most of the 3He was lost during the decomposition. C60 passes through the apparatus with no decomposition and no loss of helium.
Transport modelling of packed-tube reactors—I. Framework for a data-based approach

Abstract Packed-tube reactors can be modelled, under mild restrictions, by an integral equation whose kernel (Green's function) is measurable in heat transport experiments with nonreacting solids and fluids. The motivation, theory and potential benefits of this approach are treated here; data and applications will follow in sequels to this paper.
Software optimization using user models

As interactive computing has developed, a more comprehensive design methodology is required to produce high-performance software. To achieve this goal, consideration of user performance must be included as an integrated part of the development process. An approach that allows a software engineer to integrate user performance as a design dimension in interactive software system design is presented. This approach is used to study the design of a text editor. >
Group-delivered, direct instruction of social and play skills was more effective in teaching children with autism pro-social skills than an unstructured ‘play activities’ model1

What are the relative effects of directed social-skills training in a play context for 4–6-year-olds with autism, compared with the effects of unstructured social interactions? 1 Abstracted from: K...
Discovery and characterization of highly immunogenic and broadly recognized mimics of the HIV-1 CTL epitope Gag77-85

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in HIV infection. Given the viral genetic diversity, the selection of suitable antigens and epitope variants will be important in the design of an effective vaccine. We have previously shown that combinatorial libraries are useful tools to identify epitope mimics as well as potentially cross-reactive natural sequences in protein databases. We have applied this approach to the HIV Gag p17-derived epitope SL9 (SLYNTVATL) to identify broadly recognized SL9 mimics and to assess the cross-recognition of naturally occurring SL9 variants. Nine nonapeptides were identified that were up to one order of magnitude more effective than SL9 in stimulating CTL responses in PBMC from HIV-infected subjects. Using transgenic mice, we demonstrate that a number of these epitope mimics were able to generate de novo T cell responses that cross-reacted with the original SL9 sequence. Particularly, mimics with changes at the relatively conserved F-pocket anchor residue were frequently cross-recognized. This approach may lead to vaccine candidates with higher in vivo immunogenicity and increased potential for cross-recognition of naturally occurring SL9 variants.
Teaching Today's Students how to Examine Ethical Issues and Be More Actively Involved in the Learning Process

In response to the difficulty of teaching an increasingly large number of students who are ill prepared for the sort of abstract thinking and well-structured essay writing that are essential to the field of Philosophy, I have discovered a five-step method for teaching students in my “Philosophy and Social Ethics” course how to examine any ethical issue and write well-structured essays discussing the issue. Just as important, students are now required to take more responsibility for the learning process which, I believe, is an appropriate goal for a course in Ethics.
TheZostera epifaunal community in the York River, Virginia

The invertebrate epifauna occurring onZostera marina L. in the lower York River, Virginia, was sampled with the aid of SCUBA for 14 consecutive months. A collecting station was located at each of three different water depths within a single eelgrass bed. A total of 112 invertebrate species was collected. The five most abundant non-colonial species (Bittium varium, Paracerceis caudata, Crepidula convexa, Ampithoe longimana andErichsonella attenuata) accounted for approximately 59% of the total fauna. These species dominated the epifauna throughout most of the year. Several other species, includingBalanus improvisus, Molgula manhattensis, Polydora ligni and Ercolania fuscata, were abundant for only brief periods. A relatively high average index of affinity (58%) between all synchronous sample pairs indicated a generally homogeneous fauna, although several species were differentially distributed with depth. Exfoliation ofZostera after June caused a steady decline in plant biomass, but the abundance of epifauna continued to increase into the summer and fall. Lowest total numbers and species counts occurred in February and early March. Diversity values (H′) ranged from 1.92 to 3.90 bits/individual and averaged 3.04 bits/individual for all stations. High species numbers in summer were generally counteracted by relatively low equitabilities (e), with H′ showing little seasonal change. The primary sources of nutrition for the epifauna appeared to be 1) plankton and suspended particulate matter, 2) detritus and microorganisms on the plant blades, and 3) epiphytic algae.
Physical sciences: are protars spinars?

MORRISON1 has suggested that quasi-stellar radio sources and pulsars are basically similar phenomena, being analogues in every respect except scale. He has characterized both types of objects as centrally condensed magnetized spinning masses with a luminous lifetime which is governed by the rotational work done on charged particles by their moving magnetic fields. In the spirit of this hypothesis, Morrison has also proposed (private communication) that the name “spinar” be applied to objects such as quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), pulsars, and other highly condensed core objects which may exist in the nuclei of Seyfert galaxies and extragalactic radio sources.
Training Non-Threatening Interpretations in Spider Fear

To evaluate a causal relationship between biased information processing and fear responding, as posited by many cognitive models of anxiety disorders, spider-relevant interpretations were trained to be non-threatening in an analog phobic sample. Participants high in spider fear (N = 61) were randomly assigned to a ‘Positive training’ condition, or to a ‘Neutral training’ or ‘No training’ control condition. ‘Positive training’ involved learning to ascribe non-threatening meanings to emotionally ambiguous scenarios. Results suggested this training was successful at inducing interpretation biases to be non-threatening, as indicated by faster responses to positive (versus negative) word fragments, as well as more positive and less negative interpretations of novel scenarios (relative to control conditions). Notwithstanding, the impact of training on subsequent avoidance and fear when presented with a live spider was minimal. No differences across training conditions were found; however, faster responding to positive word fragments predicted less avoidance and fear for participants receiving ‘Positive training’.
Surgical management of melanoma-in-situ using a staged marginal and central excision technique.

Melanoma-in-situ (MIS) represents 45% of all melanomas. The margins of MIS are often poorly defined with extensive subclinical disease. Standard fusiform excision with 5-mm margins results in positive margins in up to a third of cases. To decrease the incidence of involved margins, we use a staged excision approach for MIS. First, patients undergo excision under local anesthesia of a 2- to 3-mm "contoured" rim of tissue optimally 5 mm beyond the visible extent of the lesion. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded en face sections from this excision are then evaluated, if necessary with the aid of immunohistochemical stains. Any positive margins are further excised. When all margins are negative, the central area is then excised and reconstructed. A total of 61 patients with MIS or lentigo maligna melanoma underwent staged contoured excisions from 2004 to 2007 at Moffitt Cancer Center. We analyzed data only from patients with MIS of the head and neck. Patients with known invasive melanoma or non-head and neck primary disease were excluded. Demographics, tumor characteristics, margin status, number of stages, and type of reconstruction and recurrences were evaluated. Forty-nine patients with MIS of the head and neck, 28 (57%) male and 21 (43%) female, 42 to 88-years-old (median 72; mean 70), underwent staged contoured margin excision before definitive central tumor excision and reconstruction. The final surgical defect size ranged from 2 to 130 cm(2) (median 16 cm(2)). Twelve patients (24%) required reexcision of at least one margin; the median number of reexcisions was 1 (range 1-2). There seemed to be a positive association between lesion size and margin status (as well as number of excisions needed to clear the margin). Unsuspected invasive melanoma was found in the central specimen in six patients (12%). Even small tumors could have unsuspected invasive melanoma: invasive cancer was seen in 4 (21%) of 19 tumors 2 cm, respectively. Surgical defects were reconstructed with flaps in 18 (37%), full-thickness grafts in 20 (41%), and split-thickness grafts in 10 patients (20%). Median time from first margin excision to completion/final reconstruction was 7 days (range 7-63 days). No local recurrences have been reported at a median follow-up of 14 months (range 1-36 months). This technique allows for careful margin analysis and subsequent central tumor excision with simultaneous reconstruction. This approach minimizes the need for a second major operation, which would have been necessary in 24% of our patients if treated by a one-stage excisional approach. It is noteworthy that 12% of MIS patients had invasive melanoma in the final excision specimen. This reinforces the importance of adequate full-thickness biopsies of suspicious pigmented lesions before any type of surgical management. With short follow-up, local control has been achieved by this technique in 100% of cases.
LC/MS analysis of complex multiglycosylated human α1-acid glycoprotein as a model for developing identification and quantitation methods for intact glycopeptide analysis

Abstract The site-specific characterization of the complex glycans in multiglycosylated proteins requires developing methods where the carbohydrates remain covalently bound to the protein. The complexity in the carbohydrate composition of α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) makes it an ideal model protein for such development. AAG has five N-asparaginyl-linked glycosylation sites, each varying in its bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary glycan content. We present an on-line liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method that uses high–low cone voltage switching for in-source fragmentation to determine the structures of the complex glycans present on each site for the two gene products of AAG. High cone voltage caused carbohydrate fragmentation, leading to the generation of signature carbohydrate ions that we used as markers to identify the glycopeptides. Low cone voltage produced minimal carbohydrate fragmentation and enabled the identification and quantification of the intact oligosaccharide structures on each glycopeptide based on its monoisotopic mass and intensity. Quantitation was accomplished by using the intensities of peaks from deconvoluted and deisotoped mass spectra or from the areas of the extracted ion chromatograms from the tryptic peptide maps. The combined results from the two methods can be used to better characterize and quantitate site heterogeneity in multiglycosylated proteins.
EFFECTS OF CORE EXCITATIONS IN THE VIOLATION OF THE NUCLEAR PARTICLE-- PARTICLE TO PARTICLE-HOLE TRANSFORMATION.

Abstract A core excited shell model for the mass-40 region is developed to account for the discrepancies between particle-particle (pp) and particle-hole (ph) nuclear partners. Explicitly, second order perturbative-type calculations are incomplete when used in an attempt to simultaneously account for the spectral discrepancies between 40 K (v f 7 2 − π d 3 2 − ) and the Racah transform of 38 Cl (v f 7 2 − π d 3 2 ) and those between 48 Sc (π f 7 2 − v f 7 2 −1 ) and the Racah transform of 42 Sc (πf 7 2 − v f 7 2 ) . However, an (fd) shell model, which includes core excitations (multi-particle, multi-hole states) from the 0 d 3 2 shell to the 0 f 7 2 shell, yields the cancellation of the second order perturbative-type results which is necessary for a satisfactory explanation for both sets of spectral discrepancies. The usefulness of the model in the investigation of the positioning of core excited states in 40 Ca (like 8p-8h) and in the generation of effective operators is also explored.
Home parenteral nutrition - A 3-year analysis of clinical and laboratory monitoring

We report a 3-year analysis (1986 to 1989) of the management of 63 home parenteral nutrition patients, 40 with short-bowel syndrome and 23 with chronic intestinal obstruction with or without intestinal resection. Intravenous fluid requirements varied from 0.9 to 6 L/day, and the content of glucose varied between 46 and 531 g/day, protein varied from .0 to 85 g/day, fat from .0 to 100 g/day, sodium from 37 to 695 mEq/day, potassium from 30 to 220 mEq/day, chloride from 60 to 760 mEq/day, and acetate from 0 to 200 mEq/day. Body weight was normalized and well maintained in the majority of patients, but using the strict definition of deficiency as the presence of one abnormal value during 3 years, more than half had abnormal plasma chloride, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, total protein, albumin, selenium, and iron concentrations, and more than a third had low calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin C levels. Normochromic anemia was seen in 73% and high blood creatinine associated with low urine volumes in 42%. Most (78%) returned to relatively normal lifestyles, but employability was occasionally impaired by loss of third-party insurance coverage resulting from a therapy that may cost $100,000 per year. Overall mortality was low (5% per year), but 73% needed readmission to hospital, mainly for suspected catheter sepsis. The results indicate that home parenteral nutrition has allowed many patients to survive gut failure and return to work but problems with chronic fluid, electrolyte and micronutrient deficiencies, catheter sepsis, and insurance coverage often restrict optimal rehabilitation.
Teaching Research Utilization to Baccalaureate Nursing Students

This article describes an undergraduate nursing research course that focuses on research utilization. Critical appraisal skills were used to critique articles that formed the bases of a research utilization project. Groups of students formed research utilization teams and developed proposals for identifying, initiating, and evaluating a clinical innovation.
Effects of propylthiouracil and thiouracil on the metabolism of thyroxine and several of its derivatives by rat kidney slices in vitro.

The metabolism of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3′-L-triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyroacetic acid (TA4) and triiodothyroacetic acid (TA3) by rat kidney slices in vitro has been studied to determine the effects of thiouracil (TU) added in vitro and of propylthiouracil (PTU) administered in vivo. These agents decreased the deiodination of T4 and increased the generation of conjugates, without altering the tissue oxygen consumption. Perchlorate and methimazole, comparably administered, were without effect. TU and PTU induced alterations in the metabolism of TA4 and T3 similar to those which occurred in the case of T4. However, the effects were less consistent with T3 than with T4. The results obtained with TA3 were highly variable, significant alterations of in vitro metabolism being obtained in less than half the experiments. In separate experiments, the prevention of PTU-induced goiters by varying doses of T4 was studied in order to correlate the effects upon tissue QO2, T4 deiodination and serum PBI. In confirm...
TEMPERATURE INDUCED SHIFTS IN THE FATTY ACID PROFILE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS WRRC B1241

Variation in the fatty acid profile of Staphylococcus aureus WRRC B124 grown at varying temperatures was determined. The range of incubation temperatures tested induced both qualitative and quantitative differences in S. aureus fatty acid profile. While branched chained saturated fatty acids were the predominate species at 37C, C18:1 and C16:1 monounsaturated fatty acids were predominant at lower temperatures (12 and 19C). Iso-branched C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0 saturated fatty acids were expressed exclusively at 37C and several C17:0 and C20:0 fatty acids were suppressed at 12C. Results demonstrated that S. aureus had altered fatty acid profile in response to changes in growth temperature.
Singularities in polynomial representations of transverse shear in finite elements

Although many possible combinations of incomplete cubics are possible for representing the transverse displacements in a composite laminate, only a few make physical sense. Among these, a particualr choice was shown to be susceptible to irregularities and singularities, in that an unfortunate choice of ply thicknessses and shear moduli lead to laminates overly stiff in shear. Modifications to the displacement functions were shown to eliminate this behavior and yield a transverse shear stress distribution having some of th features associate with the elasticity solution, namely, continuous shear stresses and in plane displacements throughtou the lamniate thickess and th discontnuous transverse shear strains
Weak localization, universal conductance fluctuations, and 1/f noise in Ag.

We have measured the magnetoresistance and the magnetic-field dependence of the 1/f noise in thin Ag films over the temperature range 1--25 K. Fits of the data to the theories of weak localization and universal conductance fluctuations, respectively, yield two independent estimates of the phase-breaking length ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}$. These two estimates of ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}$ are in general agreement in overall magnitude and temperature dependence, but there is a noticeable discrepancy at 1.0 and 4.4 K. We believe that this discrepancy is significant, and may point to an inadequate treatment of electron-electron interactions in the present theories.
Determination of elemental concentrations in small-mass particulate matter aircraft samples by x-ray fluorescence

Abstract Aircraft sampling of atmospheric particulate matter often implies small mass collection for subsequent analysis, especially when free tropospheric samples are considered. We present here results of the use of an X-ray fluorescence instrument, specifically designed for small-mass samples, in the determination of free tropospheric and boundary layer elemental concentrations. Based on 1- to 2-h-long samples, ng m−3 ambient air concentrations of Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Cd and Pb may be determined with uncertainties of 5–15% in polluted and even some rural boundary layer samples. In free tropospheric and remote boundary layer samples, concentrations may be determined for many of these elements but with larger uncertainties.
Cerebral oxygen/glucose ratio is low during sensory stimulation and rises above normal during recovery: excess glucose consumption during stimulation is not accounted for by lactate efflux from or accumulation in brain tissue.

Functional activation stimulates CMRglc more than CMRO2 and raises lactate levels in brain. This has been interpreted as evidence that brain work is supported mainly by energy derived from anaerobi...
Early treatment of Class III malocclusion: is it worth the burden?

at Protraction facemask therapy has been advocated in early treatment of Class III malocclusions with maxillary deficiency. The dental and skeletal effects of this appliance are well documented in the literature. One reason tha clinicians are sometimes reluctant to render early orthopedic treatment in Class III patients is the inability to predict mandibular growth. 6 Patients receiving early orthodontic or orthopedic treatment might need surgical treatment at the end of the growth period. Is it worth the burden to treat a Class III malocclusion early? If so, what type of Class III malocclusions will benefit from early facemask treatment? When is the best time to start treatment? Can early treatment help to predict excessive mandibular growth? The severity of Class III malocclusions ranges from dentoalveolar problems with anterior posturing of the mandible to true skeletal problems with significant maxillomandibular discrepancies. 6 In addition, the con dition could be complicated by vertical growth problems. A systematic way to diagnose Class III malocclusion can help in identifying patients who might respond favorably to early orthopedic treatment (Fig For the dental assessment, check whether the Class III molar relationship is accompanied by a negative overjet. A positive overjet or end-to-end incisal relationship together with retroclined mandibular incisors usually signifies a compensated Class III malocclusion. For the functional assessment, check whether a centric relation (CR) or centric occlusion (CO) discrepancy exists.
Thirty Years of Progress in Absolute Gravimetry: A Scientific Capability Implemented by Technological Advances

The application of technological advances has dramatically improved our ability to measure the absolute value of g, the free-fall acceleration due to gravity. Over the past thirty years this improvement has been nearly three orders of magnitude! Today, the value of gcan be determined with an accuracy approaching 1 µGal (10-8 m/s2) and measured with a precision that is at least ten times better. This paper reviews the history of and the reasons for this progress as well as taking a look to the future.
Post-translational structural modifications of immunoglobulin G and their effect on biological activity

The size, heterogeneity, and biological production process of protein therapeutics like monoclonal antibodies create unique challenges for their analysis and regulation compared with small molecules. Complete structural characterization of a molecule 1000-fold heavier than aspirin is no small feat. Biological post-translational modifications such as glycosylation further complicate their characterization and regulation. Even approved protein therapeutics are known to contain multiple structural variants in differing amounts. Structural modification occurs during production and storage as well as within patients after administration. Thus, the goals of manufacturers and regulators are to control and characterize this heterogeneity, not take on the impossible task of eliminating it. The aim of this review is to describe the structural heterogeneities known to occur with immunoglobulin G (IgG), note current detection and analytical strategies, establish their causes, and define their potential effects on the ultimate safety, purity, and potency of antibody therapeutics when known.
Secretory characteristics and phenotypic plasticity of growth hormone- and prolactin-producing cell lines.

Considerable information regarding the regulation of GH and prolactin (PRL) release has been generated using pituitary cell lines as model systems. Inasmuch as these cultures have been derived from single cells by clonal selection it has frequently been assumed that they are composed of homogeneous populations of hormone secretors. However, experience with GH3 cells clearly demonstrates that such is not the case, since this GH- and PRL-producing line is comprised of a mixture of cells that are bihormonal, secrete only GH, or secrete neither hormone. Interestingly, the relative amount of these phenotypic subpopulations is not fixed, but can be altered by treatment with established regulators of GH and PRL secretion. This potential for secretory heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity prompted us to examine the cellular composition of other commonly used GH- and/or PRL-secreting cell lines under control and treatment conditions. First, GH4C1, GH1, GC, MMQ and P0 cells were maintained according to established media and culture protocols and the relative abundance of GH and PRL secretors was assessed by reverse haemolytic plaque assays. As shown previously for GH3 cells, two cell lines were found to be functionally heterogeneous. Specifically, GH4C1 and GH1 were comprised of mixed populations of GH (25.9 +/- 1.1% and 51.3 +/- 6.5% (S.E.M.) respectively) and PRL (44.8 +/- 3.7 and 66.1 +/- 4.1% respectively) secretors. However, MMQ and GC cell cultures were relatively homogeneous with respect to hormone secretion in that the MMQ cells released PRL (72.2 +/- 4.9%) but not GH, while GC cells released GH (93.6 +/- 1.4%) but not PRL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Predictors of pulmonary toxicity in limited stage small cell lung cancer patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy and 70 Gy daily radiotherapy: CALGB 30904.

Introduction Standard therapy for limited stage small cell lung cancer (L-SCLC) is concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by prophylactic cranial radiotherapy. Predictors of post chemoradiotherapy pulmonary toxicity in limited stage (LS) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients are not well defined. Current guidelines are derived from non-small cell lung cancer regimens, and do not account for the unique biology of this disease. Therefore, we analyzed patients on three consecutive CALGB LS-SCLC trials treated with concurrent chemotherapy and daily high dose radiotherapy (70 Gy) to determine patient and treatment related factors predicting for post-treatment pulmonary toxicity.
High current density, broad beam ion implantation

Abstract A simple, broad beam, high current density, gaseous ion implanter that has been built and shown to operate reliably over an extended period of time is described. Wear tests of nitrogen-implanted iron conducted on an oscillating pin-on-rotating-disc wear tester are used to demonstrate substantial improvements in wear resistance induced by implantation. The data indicate that significant nitrogen diffusion does not occur during the wear process and it is pointed out that results obtained using a fixed pin-on-rotating-disc wear tester could be interpreted erroneously to suggest it does. Numerical analysis is used to suggest that inadequately heat-sink-treated thin targets of low carbon martensitic steel can suffer substantial subsurface hardness losses due ot tempering when they are implanted at high current densities. Experimental results are cited that indicate such hardness losses are not as likely as expected and it is suggested that the length of time that samples are at high temperature may be too short for equilibrium tempering to develop.
Drugs, Environment, Brain, and Behavior

The effects of psychoactive drugs are not just a function of their pharmacological actions, but are due to complex interactions among pharmacological, psychological, and environmental factors. We discuss here how drug-environment interactions determine the likelihood that addictive drugs produce a persistent form of neurobehavioral plasticity (sensitization) thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of addiction and relapse.
Plasmonic interferometers for label-free multiplexed sensing

We report a plasmonic interferometric biosensor based on a simple slit-groove metallic nanostructure that monitors the phase changes of surface plasmon polaritons resulting from biomolecular adsorptions. The proposed sensing scheme integrates the strengths of miniaturized plasmonic architectures with sensitive optical interferometry techniques. Sensing peak linewidths as narrow as 7 nm and refractive index resolutions of 1 × 10−5 RIU were experimentally measured from a miniaturized sensing area of 10 × 30 µm2 using a collinear transmission setup and a low-cost compact spectrometer. A high-density array of such interferometric sensors was also fabricated to demonstrate its potential for real-time multiplexed sensing using a CCD camera for intensity interrogation. A self-referencing method was introduced to increase the sensitivity and reduce sensor noise for multiplexing measurements. The enhanced sensing performance, small sensor footprint, and simple instrumentation and optical alignment suggest promise to integrate this platform into low-cost label-free biosensing devices with high multiplexing capabilities.
Analysis of Cervical Esophagogastric Anastomotic Leaks After Transhiatal Esophagectomy: Risk Factors, Presentation, and Detection

Background Transhiatal esophagectomy with cervical esophagogastric anastomosis is a common approach in patients requiring esophagectomy. Factors for developing cervical esophagogastric anastomosis leaks (CEGAL), their presentation, and the value of a routine postoperative screening barium swallow in detecting CEGALs and other complications were analyzed. Methods This single-institution retrospective study used medical records and an esophagectomy database to assess results in 1,133 patients who underwent transhiatal esophagectomy and a cervical esophagogastric anastomosis, 241 for benign disease and 892 for cancer, between January 1996 and December 2006. Results Esophagectomy patients who experienced CEGALs included 127 (14.2%) with cancer and 23 (9.5%) with benign disease. Logistic regression analysis identified increasing number of preoperative comorbidities ( p p = 0.044), and postoperative arrhythmia ( p = 0.002) as risk factors for CEGALs, and a side-to-side stapled cervical esophagogastric anastomosis compared with a manually sewn one as protective ( p p = 0.050) was a risk factor for CEGALs. For patients with benign disease, a higher number of prior esophagogastric operations ( p = 0.007) is a risk factor for CEGALs. Of the 90.7% of CEGALs that occurred on or before postoperative day 10, cervical wound drainage (63.3%) was the most common presenting symptom. Screening barium swallow identified postoperative complications and influenced outcome in 39 patients (3.8%). Conclusions Higher number of preoperative comorbidities, advanced pathologic stage, postoperative arrhythmia, an increased number of prior esophagogastric surgeries, and active smoking history are risk factors for developing CEGAL, and a side-to-side stapled cervical esophagogastric anastomosis is protective. Screening barium swallow identifies few postoperative complications, but provides quality control.
Early Pliocene Cercopithecidae from Woranso-Mille (Central Afar, Ethiopia) and the origins of the Theropithecus oswaldi lineage

Abstract A large series of fossil cercopithecids has been recovered from the hominid-bearing Woranso-Mille site, Afar State, northeastern Ethiopia. Here we report the taxonomy of those specimens from the Am-Ado, Aralee Issie, Korsi Dora, Makah Mera, and Mesgid Dora collection areas, which are all roughly contemporaneous and dated to between 3.6 and 3.8 million years ago. This series includes a minimum of two cercopithecine and three colobine species. Theropithecus oswaldi cf. darti is by far the most common species in the assemblage, making up over 90% of identifiable cercopithecid specimens. There is also at least one other species of papionin, which cannot be currently assigned to a genus. The colobines are here allocated to Cercopithecoides cf. meaveae and two other species, one small and one large, that cannot be currently assigned to genus. The T. oswaldi cf. darti series from Woranso-Mille is both the earliest and largest identified to date. It documents the earliest occurrence of the T. oswaldi lineage and strongly suggests that parallel evolution of molar morphology has occurred within the genus between T. oswaldi and Theropithecus brumpti . Given the dominance of monkeys at Woranso-Mille, and the preponderance of Theropithecus among cercopithecids, T. o. cf. darti is likely to be the most common mammal present at the 3.6–3.8 million-years-old localities of the Woranso-Mille study area. Some explanations for this unusual occurrence are explored, and implications for the paleoenvironment at Woranso-Mille are also discussed.
A comparison of dry deposition modeled from size distribution data and measured with a smooth surface for total particle mass, lead and calcium in Chicago

For 11 sampling periods, atmospheric particle and elemental (Pb, Ca) mass size distributions (0.1–100 μm diameter) were measured with a Noll Rotary Impactor (NRI) and cascade impactor in Chicago, Illinois. The NRI and cascade impactor measurements were continuous; there was no displacement in the bimodal size distributions. Lead, a primarily anthropogenic element, tended to be associated with the fine-particle mode (< 2.5 μmdiameter); Ca, a primarily crustal element, was associated with the coarse particle mode (< 2.5 μmdiameter). Atmospheric dry deposition fluxes were simultaneously measured with a specially designed and constructed smooth surface pointed into the wind. A particle dry deposition velocity model was used in conjunction with the measured sized distributions to calculate dry deposition fluxes, which were then compared to the measured fluxes. The method, which combined a 12-step flux calculation with the particle dry deposition velocity model, agreed with the measured flux data to within a factor of two. The modeled cumulative fluxes show that fine particles are responsible for only a small fraction of the dry deposition flux. The per cent of the modeled flux due to particles less than 2.5 μm was 0.06, 0.5 and 0.06% for particle mass, Pb and Ca, respectively. The results indicate that atmospheric dry deposition is dominated by coarse particles due to their high deposition velocities.
DNA restriction polymorphism in wild isolates of Spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

Abstract Restriction endonuclease analysis was used to examine variation in DNA of 22 wild isolates of Spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SfNPV). Eleven of the 15 isolates from Louisiana were distinguishable based on restriction fragment profiles from the enzymes BamHI, HindIII, and EcoRI. There was significant genetic variation in SfNPV isolates within single agricultural fields. Nucleotide sequence divergence values, based on restriction fragment profiles, indicated that genetic variation among isolates foreign to Louisiana (Ohio, Ecuador, Mexico, Georgia, Colombia, and Venezuela) was greater than that among the Louisiana isolates. However, certain foreign isolates were similar to or identical with Louisiana isolates. Genetic variation of the viral DNA was not influenced by the insect's host plant species.
Care of the fetus/newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a simple anatomical defect. The reported incidence is between 1:2000 and 1:5000 live births, with the majority affecting the left side. A defect in the diaphragm allows abdominal viscera to herniate into and stay within the thoracic cavity during crucial stages of lung development. This results in pulmonary hypoplasia, a reduction in pulmonary vascular branching and an alteration in the surfactant system.
Dietary fats: perceptions and preferences.

(1990). Dietary fats: perceptions and preferences. Journal of the American College of Nutrition: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 431-5.