cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The 1998 congressional and municipal elections in the Dominican Republic

Abstract This article examines the 1998 elections in the Dominican Republic: its main actors, the electoral campaign, and its results and implications. On 16 May 1998, the Dominican electorate went to the polls to elect 30 senators, 149 diputados (deputies or lower chamber representatives), 115 mayors (and vice-mayors), and 756 regidores (city council members). The results showed an overwhelming victory for the opposition Dominican Revolutionary Party. The article also analyzes the feasibility of the current Dominican electoral system, where congressional and municipal elections are held mid-way through the presidential term, and the influence of the electoral system on democratic governance in the Dominican Republic. Finally, it argues that midterm elections may complicate the future of democratic governability in the Dominican Republic.
The Jewishness of Jesus and Christian-Jewish Dialogue: A Colloquium in Honor of Joep van Beeck, S.J.

Entitled The Jewishness of Jesus and Jewish-Christian Dialogue, the colloquium paid tribute to van Beeck’s 1988 Cody lectures and his subsequent book, Loving the Torah More than God: Toward a Catholic Appreciation of Judaism (Loyola Press, 1989). His book was the winner of the 1989 Alpha Sigma Nu Book Award. Along with Loving the Torah More than God, van Beeck’s notable works include Christ Proclaimed: Christology as Rhetoric (Paulist Press, 1979) and the series God Encountered: A Contemporary Catholic Systematic Theology (Liturgical Press).
A novel violent videos classification scheme based on the bag of audio words features [Document Suppressed in IEEE Xplore]

[This paper has been withdrawn by the publisher]. A novel method to identify the violent videos only with audio features is introduced. Most previous content-based image or video classification schemes apply the bag of words (BOW) or bag of visual words (BOVW), which employ multiple visual features to characterize image or video content. In our method, the bag of audio words (BOAW) is suggested to be built by effective audio features. Two reasons are considered here. First, audio features should have very special significance for violent videos. Second, the computational complexity of dealing with audio features is much lower than that of visual features. The MPEG-7 low level features such as Audio Spectrum-Centroid and Audio Spectrum-Spread, and the high level feature such as Audio Signature, are combined into one 44-dimensions vector in the BOAW model. The audio words are built from the vector by the clustering strategy, and support vector machine (SVM) with revised soft-weighting scheme is used to group the audio words features into two classes, i.e. the violent and non-violent. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve good recall accuracy and precision accuracy on detecting violent videos. The method also can be applied to classify other types of videos.
The meaning of “Ural-Altaic”

Abstract The expression Ural-Altaic” has most often been taken to imply a language family; however, it can be taken as a linguistic type characteristic of a certain geographical area in Eurasia. The evidence for both points of view is summarized below.
Field observations of four Aurelia labiata jellyfish behaviours: swimming down in response to low salinity pre-empted swimming up in response to touch, but animal and plant materials were captured equally

Jellyfish live in complex environments and must continually make behavioural choices. In field observations, adult Aurelia labiata were confronted with a conflict between swimming up elicited by touch of the manubrium and swimming down elicited by low salinity. Following a touch, downward-swimming medusae (1.5–2.0 m deep) turned and swam to within 0.5 m of the surface when the salinity in the top 1.5 m of the water column was greater than 20 ppt but medusae uniformly refused to swim up into the top 1.25 m when the salinity was less than 20 ppt even after being touched three times. The central nervous system of A. labiata appears to have neural circuitry that specifies their response when medusae encounter stimuli that elicit incompatible behaviours. Upward-swimming adult medusae had animal, vegetable or cellulose (paper) material dispersed ahead of them. Medusae captured each material on the bell margin and transported it to a gastric pouch. Medusae displayed only minor behavioural differences in the process. Having sensory, neural and muscular systems organized to capture and pass to the stomach, a huge variety of materials allows medusae to survive in different seasons and environments.
Room temperature curing of unsaturated polyesters with cobalt (II) complexes

Cobalt promoters presently used in the polyester processing industry suffer from many shortcomings ranging from shelf instability to strong discoloration of the resins and relatively poor activity. This paper describes the various performance improvements obtainable with coordination complexes of cobalt which can be used as polymerization accelerators in presence of organic peroxide initiators. These complexes appear to present significant advantages over the conventional cobalt carboxylates. Catalytic activity up to ten times that of cobalt soap was recorded with some complexes in various resin systems, without deleterious effects on physical properties. As gel-cure modifiers, the compounds evaluated seem to increase the long term shelf stability of pre-promoted resins while reducing the discoloration and air inhibition during the curing process of polyester thin films.
Long-Term Results of Maxillomandibular Advancement Surgery.

Surgery is a major modality in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) has been shown to be the most effective surgical option. However, despite the successful short-term (6–9 months) results reported by various investigators, little is known of the long-term clinical outcomes. A review of our long-term clinical results demonstrated that MMA achieves long-term cure in most patients. Aging and minor weight gain did not appear to have a significant adverse effect on the long-term results; however, major weight gain did seem to have a significant negative impact on the long-term outcomes. Therefore, long-term follow-up with proper counseling on weight maintenance or reduction is essential in improving long-term results.
Prolactin and TSH responses to TRH and to ECT in pre- and postmenopausal women with major depression

The patterns of prolactin and thyrotropin (TSH) release after thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (0.4 mg i.v.) and during the first session of a course of electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) were studied in women with major depression, 16 in pre- and 29 in postmenopausal status. The prolactin responses to both stimuli were lower in postmenopausal women, whereas the TSH responses were not different. The known correlation between the maximal prolactin response to ECT and the maximal response to TRH was significantly stronger in the group of premenopausal women (r = .8648, versus .4249 in the postmenopausal group, p < .02). A common underlying mechanism promoting prolactin release for both stimuli can be suggested, which diminishes after menopause, probably an influence of estradiol on the affinity of dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors. That mechanism does not interfere with the TSH release either by ECT or by TRH.
Profile of auditory information-processing deficits in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia patients exhibit abnormalities in several different auditory event-related potential (ERP) measures. It is unclear how these abnormalities relate to each other, since multiple measures are rarely acquired from the same sample. This study addressed two related questions: 1) Are specific auditory ERP measures differentially impaired in schizophrenia? 2) Do abnormalities co-aggregate within the same patients? Nine auditory ERP measures were acquired in a single testing session from 23 schizophrenia patients and 22 healthy subjects. Hierarchical oblique factor analysis revealed that these measures aggregated into four factors, with each loading primarily on a single factor. Patient deficits were observed for two independent factors: N100/mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a/P3b. N100/MMN abnormalities were associated with symptoms of alogia and formal thought disorder. P3a/P3b abnormalities were associated with avolition, attentional disturbances and delusions. We conclude that deficits in different ERP measures of early sensory processing at the level of the auditory cortex co-occur in patients. These likely represent a single differential deficit indexing the physiological abnormality underlying impaired language and verbal processing. This is relatively independent of a higher cortical deficit that mediates cognitive stimulus evaluation and underlies deficits in motivation, attention and reality testing. Such multidimensional profiling of ERP abnormalities may help to clarify the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia.
A computational tool for pre-surgical evaluation of epilepsy patients

Epilepsy is a neurological condition affecting 50 million people worldwide. Patients suffer from recurrent seizures that disrupt various aspects of normal life and lead to brain damage and other comorbidities. Unfortunately, up to 40% of epilepsy patients have medically refractory epilepsy (MRE), which is unresponsive to medication. For these patients, the only solution is surgical removal of the region of the brain causing the seizures, or the epileptogenic zone (EZ). However, surgical resection is contingent upon correct identification of the EZ, a challenging task that is currently done by visual inspection of hundreds of channels of information. Unsurprisingly, resection has a 50% long-term failure rate, largely due to misidentification of the EZ. Repeated invasive monitoring to increase the accuracy of EZ identification is also not a desirable option because it is both dangerous and expensive. We have developed a computational tool, EZTrack, to help clinicians identify a patient's EZ using intracranial EEG data. EZTrack employs a novel algorithm to analyze the brain as a network during different seizure and non-seizure time periods in order to isolate the likely location of the EZ. In preliminary testing of EZTrack on data from 19 patients who underwent surgical resection, we were able to correctly predict all of their outcomes. EZTrack holds far-reaching implications for epilepsy patients, including reduced hospital stays, decreased costs, lowered risk of comorbidities, and better surgical outcomes. With EZTrack, patients who undergo the formidable procedure of surgical resection will have a significantly greater chance of actually living life seizure-free.
Three Distinct Roles for Notch in Drosophila R7 Photoreceptor Specification

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and Notch (N) proteins are different types of transmembrane receptors that transduce extracellular signals and control cell fate. Here we examine cell fate specification in the Drosophila retina and ask how N acts together with the RTKs Sevenless (Sev) and the EGF receptor (DER) to specify the R7 photoreceptor. The retina is composed of many hundred ommatidia, each of which grows by recruiting surrounding, undifferentiated cells and directing them to particular fates. The R7 photoreceptor derives from a cohort of three cells that are incorporated together following specification of the R2-R5 and R8 photoreceptors. Two cells of the cohort are specified as the R1/6 photoreceptor type by DER activation. These cells then activate N in the third cell (the R7 precursor). By manipulation of N and RTK signaling in diverse combinations we establish three roles for N in specifying the R7 fate. The first role is to impose a block to photoreceptor differentiation; a block that DER activation cannot overcome. The second role, paradoxically, is to negate the first; Notch activation up-regulates Sev expression, enabling the presumptive R7 cell to receive an RTK signal from R8 that can override the block. The third role is to specify the cell as an R7 rather than an R1/6 once RTK signaling has specified the cells as a photoreceptor. We speculate why N acts both to block and to facilitate photoreceptor differentiation, and provide a model for how N and RTK signaling act combinatorially to specify the R1/6 and R7 photoreceptors as well as the surrounding non-neuronal cone cells.
Rational design of selective, sulfur-resistant oxidation emissions catalysts

A new catalyst design strategy based on optimizing electronic structure has been proposed and then applied to a very important environmental application, the design of selective, sulfur-resistant oxidation emissions catalysts. The modified d-band center model developed by us in a previous study, together with an energy decomposition scheme, is used to correlate measures of reactivity with reaction barriers of SO2 + O → SO3 and NO + O → NO2 on surfaces. Our objective is to find a catalyst which is active in oxidizing NO to NO2 but relatively inactive in oxidizing SO2 to SO3. The Ir alloyed Pt(111) surface is found to have the highest selectivity for oxidation of NO over SO2 at 700 K. Unfortunately, there is a slope change in the correlation of the weighted d-band center with the adsorption of NO at the transition state, which narrows down the range of the theoretical selectivity. Our ongoing study aims at understanding the reason for this. The general importance of this study for surface catalysis is also ...
An analytical method for hydrogeochemical surveys: Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry after using enrichment coprecipitation with cobalt and ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate

Abstract Trace metals that are commonly associated with mineralization were concentrated and separated from natural water by coprecipitation with ammonium pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) and cobalt and determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The method is useful in hydrogeochemical surveys because it permits preconcentration near the sample sites, and selected metals are preserved shortly after the samples are collected. The procedure is relatively simple: (1) a liter of water is filtered; (2) the pH is adjusted; (3) Co chloride and APDC are added to coprecipitate the trace metals; and (4) later, the precipitate is filtered, dissolved, and diluted to 10 ml for a 100-fold concentration enrichment of the separated metals. Sb(III), As(III), Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mo, Ni, Ag, V, and Zn can then be determined simultaneously by ICP-AES. In an experiment designed to measure the coprecipitation efficiency, Sb(III), Cd and Ag were recovered at 70 to 75% of their original concentration. The remaining metals were recovered at 85 to 100% of their original concentrations, however. The range for the lower limits of determination for the metals after preconcentration is 0.1 to 3.0 μg/l. The precision of the method was evaluated by replicate analyses of a Colorado creek water and two simulated water samples. The accuracy of the method was estimated using a water reference standard (SRM 1643a) certified by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards. In addition, the method was evaluated by analyzing groundwater samples collected near a porphyry copper deposit in Arizona and by analyzing meltwater from glacier-covered areas favorable for mineralization in south-central Alaska. The results for the ICP-AES analyses compared favorably with those obtained using the sequential technique of GFAAS on the acidified but unconcentrated water samples. ICP-AES analysis of trace-metal preconcentrates for hydrogeochemical surveys is more efficient than GFAAS because a large suite of metals is simultaneously determined with acceptable analytical accuracy and precision. The proposed analytical technique can provide direct evidence of mineralization and is useful in the exploration for unknown ore deposits.
Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA from sugarbeet with normal and male-sterile cytoplasms

Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA from sugarbeet with normal and male-sterile cytoplasms
Managing magnetic force applied to a magnetic device by a rotating dipole field

We demonstrate that the attractive magnetic force acting on a rotating magnetic device (e.g., a magnetic microrobot), actuated using a rotating magnet dipole, can be converted into a lateral force by rotating the actuator dipole according to a specific open-loop trajectory. Results show rotating magnetic devices can be rolled and simultaneously pushed along a surface by the lateral force, resulting in significant increase in velocity. We also demonstrate that the lateral force magnitude can be sufficient to levitate the magnetic device. The results apply to rotating magnetic devices of any size provided inertia has a negligible contribution to its dynamics.
Hydraulics of fire hose nozzles

Experiments indicated that flow rates derived from Pitot-tube measurements are somewhat higher than true values. The author develops equations for determining flow from solid stream and fog nozzles, based on pressure at the base of a nozzle or playpipe.
Difficulties encountered in the use of an aphid-injection method for the transmission of potato leafroll virus

An aphid-injection method that gave excellent results with barley yellow dwarf virus failed to do so in concurrent tests with potato leafroll virus. Although potato leafroll virus was transmitted to plants by green peach aphids injected with haemolymph extracts from viruliferous aphids, the amount of transmission was low and inconsistent. The erratic feeding behavior of the injected aphids on the test plant,Physalis floridana, appeared to be a major factor contributing to poor transmission. Neither the transmission nor the survival of the aphids was improved by allowing the injected aphids to feed on radish before transfer toP. floridana. Progeny from aphids that transmitted follwing injection did not effect more transmission than progeny of nontransmitters. Transmission was best in spring and fall, low in mid-winter, and nil in summer. Ability to transmit after injection appeared to be associated with the physiologic condition of the aphids, but aphids reared under one set of constant conditions before injection did not effect more transmission than those readed under green-house conditions. Virus activity in haemolymph extracts was not destroyed by storage at 2 C for 3 days.
Legal Changes in Juvenile Justice: Then and Now

The juvenile justice system began as an attempt by the child savers to reform unfortunate youth. As a result of this emphasis, the original goal of the system was to administer individual treatment to youth in a nonadversarial manner. Many changes have occurred to this process over the past 100 years, which have blurred the lines of juvenile and adult justice. It seems that the system no longer knows how to define a child, no longer has treatment as a goal, and often prefers transfer to adult court. This article identifies many changes that have occurred in juvenile justice as well as inconsistencies that exit in juvenile justice policy. The major areas addressed include changes in the court, changes in the schools, and changes in the community. The article concludes with suggestions for needed research in several critical areas.
Dispersion solute-solvent coupling in electron transfer reactions. I. Effective potential

Theories of electron transfer (ET) reactions and optical spectra in condensed phases consider electronic transitions between instantaneous Born-Oppenheimer energies of the intramolecular electronic states which depend on the system nuclear configuration. With the aim of constructing a molecular description of the solvent effect on these phenomena, we consider in the present paper a system composed of a polar polarizable solute immersed in a solvent of polar polarizable molecules. The instantaneous free energies are defined in terms of partial partition functions obtained by averaging over the electronic degrees of freedom of the solute and the solvent. Electronic polarizabilities of the solvent molecules are modelled as quantum Drude oscillators. For the solute, two models are considered: (i) the Drude oscillator and (ii) the two-state solute. The former enables us to derive the solute-solvent dispersion potential with account for the effects of nonlocal polarizability coupling in the solvent and the many...
Over-the-counter analgesics in cirrhotic patients: a case-control study examining the risk of hospitalization for liver-associated events.

AbstractObjective. To assess the association between over-the-counter analgesic (OTCA) use and hospitalization for liver-associated events in cirrhotic patients. Material and methods. Ninety adult cirrhotics admitted with liver-associated events and 126 non-hospitalized cirrhotic controls were enrolled prospectively into a case-control study. Standardized questionnaires were used to obtain predictor variables, including detailed 30-day OTCA use. Data were analyzed via logistic regression. Results. Hepatitis C (43%), alcohol (34%), and cryptogenic (13%) were the most common etiologies of cirrhosis. OTCA use was similar between cases and controls in the 30 days prior to enrollment (34% vs. 44%; odds ratio, OR = 0.66, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.37–1.16, p = 0.148). Adjusted analyses also found no significant association between OTCA use and hospitalization for liver-associated events (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.38–1.38, p = 0.330). Furosemide (p = 0.001), lactulose (p = 0.026), and number of prior liver-asso...
Eliminate destructive behaviors through example and evidence.

Empower staff to manage conflict constructively through modeling strong professional values and evidence-based management.
Predictors of Urgency in a Pediatric Psychiatric Emergency Service

Objectives To test the hypothesis that youth present to a psychiatric emergency service (PES) at least 25% of the time for nonurgent reasons, to examine the demographic characteristics that distinguish urgent from nonurgent visits, and to develop a model to predict urgency. Method Psychiatric emergency visits of all patients under 18 years from July 1, 1997, through June 30, 1998, were abstracted and coded as to level of urgency using Rosenn's classification system. Age, gender, ethnicity, arrival status, social service involvement, violence, substance abuse, and diagnosis were examined with respect to urgency in bivariate and multivariable analyses. Results Forty percent of visits to the PES were not urgent. Demographic factors distinguished urgent from nonurgent visits. Independent predictors of urgency for the entire sample were age, diagnosis, arrival status, social service involvement, and violence. Only violence remained an independent predictor of urgency for the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subgroup. Conclusions A large percentage of pediatric visits to the PES were for nonurgent reasons. This suggests that there are considerable unmet mental health needs of children and adolescents. These findings can be applied to improve and design appropriate services.
Beta-gamma directional correlation in the decay of 148Pm

Abstract Directional correlation measurements between the β-group of maximum energy 1.90 MeV and the succeeding γ-ray of 0.551 MeV have been made at six different energies. It is concluded that deviation from ξ-approximation is small, if any.
Growth arrest of AKR‐2B cells maintained in the presence of epidermal growth factor or 12‐O‐tetradecanolyhorbol‐13 acetate: Evidence for two separate G1 arrest points

Nontransformed mouse embryo derived AKR-2B cells stop growing in the G/sub 1/ phase of the cell cycle at saturation density due to depletion of serum growth factors, whereas a chemically transformed derivative line (AKR-MCA) arrests growth in G/sub 1/ at a higher saturation density due to depletion of amino acids and glucose. Stimulation of DNA synthesis is inhibited in the AKR-2B cells, but not in the AKR-MCA cells, by two inhibitors of RNA metabolism, ..cap alpha..-amanitin and 5-fluorouridine (5-FU). To determine whether the AKR-MCA cells growth arrest at a unique point in G/sub 1/ or whether they arrest in a physiologic state which can also be achieved by the nontransformed cells, AKR-2B cells were maintained in medium with 10% serum containing the mitogens, epidermal growth factor (EGF) or 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), until they reached saturation density or were arrested at subconfluence by artificial deletion of amino acids from the medium. The AKR-2B cells maintained in EGF or TPA stopped growing in G/sub 1/ at a higher saturation density, due to depletion of amino acids. Cells arrested in EGF or TPA or in amino acid deficient medium had a shortened interval between stimulation and the onset of DNA synthesis, and the stimulationmore » of DNA synthesis was not inhibited by ..cap alpha..-amanitin of 5-FU. The data show that the nontransformed AKR-2B cells have two different arrest states which may represent two separate and distinct G/sub 1/ arrest points-a growth factor deficiency arrest point and a nutrient deficiency arrest point. The nutrient deficiency arrested cells were very similar to the G/sub 1/ arrested transformed AKR-MCA cells.« less
Consciousness and Persons: Unity and Identity

In Consciousness and Persons: Unity and Identity, Michael Tye takes on the thorny issue of the unity of consciousness and answers these important questions: What exactly is the unity of consciousness? Can a single person have a divided consciousness? What is a single person? Tye argues that unity is a fundamental part of human consciousness -- something so basic to everyday experience that it is easy to overlook. For example, when we hear the sound of waves crashing on a beach and at the same time see a red warning flag, there is an overall unity to our experience; the sound and the red shape are presented together in our consciousness. Similarly, when we undergo a succession of thoughts as we think something through, there is an experience of succession that unifies the thoughts into a conscious whole. But, Tye shows, consciousness is not always unified. Split-brain subjects, whose corpus callosum has been severed, are usually taken to have a divided or disunified consciousness. Their behavior in certain situations implies that they have lost the unity normal human subjects take for granted; it is sometimes even supposed that a split-brain subject is really two persons.Tye begins his account by proposing an account of the unity of experience at a single time; this account is extended over the succeeding chapters to cover bodily sensations at a single time and perceptual experience, bodily sensations, conscious thoughts, and felt moods at a single time. Tye follows these chapters with a discussion of the unity of experience through time. Turning to the split-brain phenomenon, he proposes an account of the mental life of split-brain subjects and argues that certain facts about these subjects offer support for his theory of unity. Finally, addressing the topic of the nature of persons and personal identity, Tye finds the two great historical accounts -- the ego theory and the bundle theory -- lacking and he makes an alternative proposal. He includes an appendix on the general representational approach to consciousness and its many varieties, because of the relevance of representationalism to the theory of unity being adanced.
An analysis of US State’s export performance in the Asian Market

Asia is the most populous continent in the world and has fast become one of the richest and fastest growing continents in the world, thus, making this region a very important market for all companies and countries in the world today and more so in the future. Using a panel data for exports from the 50 U.S. states to 20 Asian countries, this study attempts to estimate the manufacturing export performance of U.S. states in the Asian market. The study also seeks to investigate what determines whether a state under- or overperforms in manufacturing exports to the Asian market. Our results indicate that a state’s manufacturing union density, infrastructure, legal system, corporate tax rate, employment density, pollution abatement cost, and regional location significantly impact whether the state will under- or overperform its export potential in the Asian market. Further, our results show that there are regional differences in the impact of the growth of Chinese exports on U.S. state exports to the Asian region.
Early onset offending and later violent and gun outcomes in a contemporary youth cohort

Currently there is great concern regarding the high homicide rate and persistent weapon carrying among urban youth. Criminal career research has offered criminology an opportunity to understand offending as a process that has a beginning, middle, and end. Using that framework, the current study examined a contemporary cohort of arrestees and estimated the extent to which age of first arrest predicts future violent and gun offending. Net of demographic and offending variables, the results indicated that early onset was a significant predictor of serious violent offenses and weapon involvement. Theoretical and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Regulation of antioxidant enzymes in lung after oxidant injury.

Studies have implicated active oxygen species (AOS) in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. Many chemical and physical agents in the environment are potent generators of AOS, including ozone, hyperoxia, mineral dusts, paraquat, etc. These agents produce AOS by different mechanisms, but frequently the lung is the primary target of toxicity, and exposure results in damage to lung tissue to varying degrees. The lung has developed defenses to AOS-mediated damage, which include antioxidant enzymes, the superoxide dismutases [copper-zinc (CuZnSOD) and manganese-containing (MnSOD)], catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). In this review, antioxidant defenses to environmental stresses in the lung as well as in isolated pulmonary cells following exposure to a number of different oxidants, are summarized. Each oxidant appears to induce a different pattern of antioxidant enzyme response in the lung, although some common trends, i.e., induction of MnSOD following oxidants inducing inflammation or pulmonary fibrosis, in responses to oxidants occur. Responses may vary between the different cell types in the lung as a function of cell-cycle or other factors. Increases in MnSOD mRNA or immunoreactive protein in response to certain oxidants may serve as a biomarker of AOS-mediated damage in the lung.
Collisional Stabilization and Thermal Dissociation of Highly Vibrationally Excited C9H12+Ions from the Reaction O2++ C9H12→ O2+ C9H12+†

Highly vibrationally excited n-propylbenzene cations, C 9 H 1 2 + *, were prepared by the charge transfer reaction O 2 + + C 9 H 1 2 → O 2 + C 9 H 1 2 + * in a turbulent ion flow tube. The subsequent competition between fragmentation of C 9 H 1 2 + * into C 7 H 7 + + C 2 H 5 and stabilization in collisions with N 2 was studied at temperatures in the range 423-603 K and at pressures between 15 and 200 Torr. Most of the C 7 H 7 + is the aromatic benzylium isomer, while the fraction of the minor species, seven-membered-ring tropylium, increases with T, from 5 to 20%. Minor fragments are C 6 H 6 + , C 7 H 8 + , and C 8 H 9 + . Energy-transfer step sizes for collisional deactivation are obtained by combining the stabilization versus fragmentation ratios measured as a function of pressure in this study with fragmentation rates from the literature. The values are compared with related information for other excited molecular ions and are similar to those of their neutral analogues. At the highest temperatures, C 9 H 1 2 + was also observed to pyrolyze after collisional stabilization. Employing unimolecular rate theory, the derived rate constants for thermal dissociation of C 9 H 1 2 + are related to values derived from the specific rate constants k(E,J) for fragmentation. Good agreement is found between measured and predicted pyrolysis rate constants. This allows us to confirm the dissociation energy of C 9 H 1 2 + into C 7 H 7 + (benzylium) and C 2 H 5 as 166.9 (′2.2) kJ mol - 1 (at 0 K).
Learning To Hope, Or Hoping To Learn? The Role Of Vision In The Early Professional Lives Of Teachers

This article introduces the concept of teachers' vision-teachers' images of ideal classroom practice. Drawing from surveys of 80 teachers and interviews with 16 teachers, the author advances three dimensions that can be used to characterize visions-the focus, range, and distance. Portraits of the visions of two novice teachers help demonstrate the range of visions as well as the different roles vision plays in teachers' lives. Understanding and identifying variations in the range, distance, and focus of these two visions-along with differences in contexts-can help us see how these two teachers come to very different understandings about school and about teaching and learning. The article concludes with an exploration of how the concept of vision might provide novice teachers with a tool that may help them surface and interrogate their beliefs, identify steps to promising practices, and even assist them in selecting contexts in which they can thrive and flourish.
Receptor Modeling Assessment of Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology Data

Data from the 1991 Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM) study in Riverside, CA, were analyzed using a new receptor modeling method. In this study, ambient (outdoor), indoor, and personal particulate matter (PM) concentrations and elemental concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were measured for a number of participants. These measurements made it possible to relate the pollution to which people were exposed throughout their daily activities with the outdoor air conditions. Personal daytime concentrations of the PM10 and majority of elements were significantly higher than outdoor or indoor concentrations, suggesting that a significant part of personal aerosol exposure is the result of personal daily activities. Possible sources of additional particulate mass include resuspension of particles that penetrate from the outdoors and formation of new particles during cooking, smoking, etc. Positive matrix factorization analysis was performed to describe the sources of personal exposure. To identify ...
The Radiation Belts, Natural and Artificial

Data on the time- and space-dependence of trapped particles in three categories were obtained by detectors on the Explorer XV satellite. An unexpected secondary peak in the distribution of high-energy protons was found. The fluxes of high-energy protons slowly increased with time but apparently were not affected by geomagnetic events that caused perturbation of the electron fluxes on the same lines of force. About 1 or 2% of the electrons generated by the nuclear detonation of July 9, 1962 were found to be present in the geomagnetic field 125 days later. The electron fluxes in the region between L = 1.25 and 1.65 earth radii varied by less than 35% over the period from day 110 to day 206 after the detonation of 9 July. The spatial distributions of high- and low-energy electrons are quite different. Electrons in the region above L = 1.7 earth radii are strongly perturbed by magnetic disturbances. A new outer zone of both high- and low-energy electrons was formed by the magnetic storm which began December 18, 1962. (P.C.H.)
Reparación endovascular secundaria tras fracaso de la reparación con endoprótesis de un aneurisma aórtico abdominal

A pesar del elevado resultado tecnico inicial, continua siendo una preocupacion la estabilidad a largo plazo de la reparacion endovascular de un aneurisma aortico abdominal (REVA). Despues de la REVA, los pacientes pueden experimentar endofugas, migracion o fracturas del dispositivo, asi como crecimiento del aneurisma que pueden requerir su correccion. El objetivo del presente estudio consistio en los resultados y evolucion de los pacientes tratados en nuestro centro mediante correccion endovascular secundaria tras fracaso de procedimientos de REVA. Durante un periodo de 8 anos, de los 988 pacientes que se sometieron a REVA, 42 (4,3%) requirieron intervenciones secundarias que incluyeron la implantacion de dispositivos endovasculares adicionales. Se revisaron los datos relativos a las caracteristicas de los pacientes, tamano del aneurisma, tipo de dispositivo inicial, tiempo transcurrido hasta el fracaso y su etiologia, intervenciones secundarias y resultados. El tiempo medio desde la operacion inicial hasta la segunda fue de 34,1 meses. Los fracasos incluyeron endofugas de tipo I en 38 pacientes (90,5%), endofugas de tipo III en dos pacientes (4,8%) y aumento de tamano del aneurisma sin endofuga evidenciable en dos pacientes (4,8%). La tasa global de resultado tecnico de la reparacion secundaria fue del 92,9% (39/42). Se produjeron complicaciones perioperatorias en nueve pacientes (21,4%), incluidas complicaciones de la herida (n = 6), accidente vascular cerebral (AVC) (n = 1), isquemia distal (n = 1) y muerte (n = 1). Despues de la reparacion secundaria el seguimiento medio fue de 16,4 meses (limites 1-50). En el 86% de pacientes tratados con dispositivos aortouniiliacos las reparaciones fueron satisfactorias comparado con el 45% de pacientes tratados con extensiones proximales. En 10 pacientes (23,8%) se identificaron endofugas persistentes o recurrentes de tipo I o III. De ellos, en cuatro se practicaron intervenciones terciarias, incluidos dos pacientes en los que se implantaron dispositivos adicionales. Tras la REVA, se producen fracasos en un numero reducido pero significativo de pacientes. Cuando sea posible desde un punto de vista anatomico, la reparacion endovascular ofrece un medio seguro de tratar estos fracasos. Los dispositivos aortouniiliacos parecen conferir una estabilidad de la reparacion a mas largo plazo que el cuff o extension proximal para el tratamiento de las endofugas proximales tipo I. Los resultados a medio plazo indican que estos pacientes pueden requerir procedimientos adicionales pero se caracterizan por una tasa reducida de mortalidad relacionada con el aneurisma. Es necesario un seguimiento a mas largo plazo para determinar los resultados tardios de estas reparaciones endovasculares secundarias.
Deviation of Zone Lenses Produced by Polarization

ZONE lenses are systems of alternate opaque or phase-retarding rings, which are usually made in one of the following ways: (a) by describing larger circles on cardboard and photographically reproducing them, (b) by photographing Newton fringes occurring between a slightly convex lens and an optical flat, or (c) following Wood1, but cutting out narrow ring circles on a previously coated surface by means of a turntable or lathe. The least distance, (d), resolved by a zone lens is given by: where λ is the wave-length and B the focal length/diameter. Since the focal length is proportional to the square of the radius of the innermost zone2, small zone lenses will have higher resolving power. Thus, the originals made are usually further reduced photographically in one or two subsequent steps.
Fission of singlet excitons into triplet-exciton pairs in molecular crystals

A kinetic model of singlet-exciton fission into pairs of triplet excitons in aromatic hydrocarbon crystals is presented. The model is based on Suna's hopping model for triplet-exciton fusion. The assumptions made in this description of fission and the relationship between fusion and fission are analyzed in detail. According to this theoretical model, the magnetic field modulation of anthracene hot singlet fission is the reverse of the modulation of triplet fusion. Accurate observations of fission, however, have shown there are some consistent differences, and these differences are discussed in terms of the fission process.
Low-field magnetic susceptibility studies of high-Tc superconductors

Abstract AC susceptibility measurements of various kinds of high- T c superconductors in low magnetic fields were made and analyzed on the basis of the Anderson-Kim critical state model. Explicit expressions were derived to account for the temperature at the peak of the out-of-phase susceptibility as a function of AC and DC magnetic fields. Comparisons of the experimental data with theoretical analysis show satisfactory agreements, from which the variations of the pinning force and critical current densities were quantitatively determined. The difference between field-cooled and zero-field-cooled behavior is discussed in terms of flux trapping and the relevant parameters in the theoretical model.
A transition from agriculture to regenerative food systems

Abstract As part of the larger transition to a post-fossil-fuel era, major transformations of industrial agriculture can be expected to occur. This is not only because industrial agriculture is a major source of the unsustainability of industrial societies, but because it is itself unsustainable. Development of the types of regenerative and sustainable food and fibre systems that are needed will involve: (1) a restructuring and decolonizing of industrial agriculture; (2) the maintenance and enhancement of indigenous and traditional food systems; and (3) conceptual and value shifts towards systems approaches, contextual analysis by levels, and the use of health models rather than economic/productivity models as the basic evaluative criteria.
Boll Weevil: Capture in Pheromone Traps Baited with Natural Male Lure and Several Concentrations of Grandlure

Traps baited with slow release formulations of grandlure (30–40 mg/trap) remained effective for 6 wk without rebaiting and captured more boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, than traps rebaited weekly with 3 or 6 mg of grandlure. A 2-fold increase in grandlure concentration produced a significant increase in weevil capture, but captures were not increased additionally by a 4-fold increase when the 2 concentrations were not competing for capture of the same weevils. There was little difference in the attraction of boll weevils to one wick containing 3 mg of grandlure or to one laboratory reared male boll weevil that had fed on cotton squares.
Negativism, equivocation, and wobbly assent: public "support" for the prochoice platform on abortion.

Although disapproval of all justifications for abortion is rare in the United States, our analysis of numerous surveys taken in the 1960s and 1970s shows that support for the full prochoice platform is also rare. This means that respondents who endorse some justifications for abortion and reject others typically constitute about 50 percent of these samples. If forced to choose politically between polar positions, would these people be more likely to side with a positive or a negative extreme? Using Multiple Classification Analysis as a form of discriminant analysis, we examine whether people who appear to form a “middle” group actually are closer in their characteristics to those who are positive, or to those who are negative. Finally, we test to see whether those respondents who endorse all four justifications for abortion (health, child defect, financial stress, and elective abortion) also endorse additional prochoice positions, such as government payments for abortion, abortion without the husband’s or the parent’s consent, and abortion after the first trimester.
Systolic Array Computation Of The Singular Value Decomposition

Linear time computation of the singular value decomposition (SVD) would be useful in many real time signal processing applications. Two algorithms for the SVD have been developed for implementation on a quadratic array of processors. A specific architecture is proposed and we demonstrate the mapping of the algorithms to the architecture. The algorithms and architecture together have been verified by functional level and register transfer level simulation.
Improving cancer pain management through patient and family education.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if continued access to information following a baseline pain education program would increase knowledge and positive beliefs about cancer pain management, thus resulting in improved pain control during a 6-month follow-up period. Patients with cancer-related pain and their primary caregivers received a brief pain education program, and were then randomized into one of three information groups: a) usual care, b) pain hot line, and c) weekly provider-initiated follow-up calls for 1 month post-education. Sixty-four patients and their primary caregivers were recruited. Both patients and caregivers showed an improvement in knowledge and beliefs after the baseline pain education program. Continued access to pain information with either the pain hot line or provider-initiated weekly follow-up calls did not affect long-term outcomes of pain intensity, interference because of pain, adequacy of analgesics used, or pain relief. In addition, long-term outcomes did not differ between patients who had improvement and those who showed decline in knowledge and beliefs pre–post education. These findings suggest that a brief pain education program can improve knowledge and beliefs of both patient and primary caregiver. Continued access to pain related information using either a patient- or provider-initiated format did not affect long-term pain outcomes.
"TO SEE OURSELVES AS OTHERS SEE US!": RELATIONS AMONG SELF-PERCEPTIONS, PEER-PERCEPTIONS, AND EXPECTED PEER-PERCEPTIONS OF PERSONALITY.

The need for convergent validity in the measurement of personality variables and past failures to demonstrate such properties are briefly reviewed. Two apppoaches to the problem using several types of data obtained from various subject populations and employing alternative factor analytic methods and factor score estimation procedulres are described. The results indicate that convergent factor patterns and substantial convergence and discriminant validities among factor score estimates are obtainable when sufficient care is taken in the design and development of measure variables .of each type and when analysis methods appropriate for the problem are used.
Magnetic resonance imaging of canine salivary glands after ductal ligation and stimulation by pilocarpine.

We performed magnetic resonance imaging in six dogs after submandibular ductal ligation on one side, followed by secretory stimulation with intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine (5 mg/kg). On the images obtained after ductal ligation but before stimulation, there was no significant change in signal intensity on either side. After injection of pilocarpine the signal intensity of the ligated gland increased significantly (p < 0.01) in T2-weighted images and nonsignificantly in inversion recovery images, and remained constant in T1-weighted images. Significant (p < 0.01) volume increases of the glands after ligation and stimulation were measured for the T1, T2, and inversion recovery protocols. These findings likely reflect the retention of saliva caused by pilocarpine stimulation and the absence of drainage through the obstructed duct. The results indicate that the T2-weighted images obtained after pilocarpine stimulation may be useful for studying patients with disturbance of major salivary gland function and may provide an objective basis for the noninvasive diagnosis of unilateral stenosis.