cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A case study of chaotic mixing in deterministic flows: The partitioned-pipe mixer

Abstract We exploit the connection between the kinematics of mixing and the theory of dynamical systems. The presentation takes the form of a case study of a novel continuous flow mixer—the partitioned-pipe mixer—to exemplify the application of theoretical concepts relating fluid mixing in deterministic chaotic systems. Two general points are stressed: firstly, the complexities that are invariably encountered during the course of analysis limit the detail to which it may be carried out, and secondly, naive analysis based on direct use of the theory may result in misleading conclusions. Starting with an approximate Stokes flow velocity field in the partitioned-pipe mixer, we study the mixing in terms of the flow patterns in the cross-section (Poincare sections) and their relation to the conventionally used continuous mixing diagnostic, the residence time distribution, as well as to the local specific rate of stretching of material lines and the mixing efficiency. Some of the limitations of each of these methods of characterizing the mixing are exposed; however, together they provide a broad description of the mixing in the partitioned-pipe mixer, and indicate the utility of the theory. The applications of the ideas, within and outside chemical engineering, are many. The most obvious are the mixing of viscous liquids (such as molten polymers), the design of mixing devices for shear sensitive molecules and cells under non-turbulent conditions, prototype models of porous media, enhanced mass transfer devices, etc. Other applications can be expected in geophysics, environmental fluid mechanics, and condensed matter and plasma physics.
32.2: MgO Protective Layer using Single Crystal Nano‐Powder in ac‐PDPs

Protective layer of ac-PDPs was fabricated on the dielectrics with single crystal nano-powder MgO(<∼50nm). Nano-powder and vehicle were mixed for 1 hour and milled for 30minutes. And then dispersion solution was coated on PDP panel by bar coating method. Heat treatment of coated film was conducted at 120°C, 10min and 500°C, 30min in order to eliminate the remnants of vehicle and strengthen the endurance of film. Newly developed nano-powder MgO showed high transmittance, endurance and excellent electrical discharge properties. In addition, it had better chemical stability compared with the conventional E-beam MgO, especially in the aspect of water and impurities absorption properties.
Prepubertal labial adhesions: evaluation of a referral population

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess patient demographics, clinical presentation, response to previous treatment, and current evaluation of prepubertal girls referred for gynecologic care of labial agglutination. Study Design: A retrospective chart review of all prepubertal female patients with labial agglutination referred from 1996 through 2001. Results: Twenty-three girls were diagnosed with labial agglutination during the review period. All of the diagnoses were made by a primary care provider. At the time of referral, most patients had received medical therapy, but had not obtained resolution of their labial agglutination with topical estrogen. Twenty-two of the 23 patients required manual separation of the labial adhesions. Findings most frequently revealed a pinpoint opening and thick (3-4 mm) adhesions with >90% of the vestibule adhesed in 21 of 23 girls. Nine of 23 girls had recurrence of adhesions. Four girls required a repeat manual separation because of recurrent thick adhesions. One of 4 girls required a third manual separation. Five of the 9 recurrences were treated successfully with topical estrogen. Conclusion: Gynecologists who treat patients with labial agglutination frequently may encounter children for whom medical treatment has failed. Patients whose condition does not respond to topical therapy may have thick adhesions and require manual separation. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:327-32.)
The effect of free stream concentration on heat and binary mass transfer with thermodynamic coupling in forced convection on a flat plate

Abstract Simultaneous heat and mass transfer, which arises from injecting a gas into a flowing external stream, has been studied analytically for a flat plate geometry. The studies are centered around the effect of free stream concentration of the injected gas on the thermodynamic coupling, over a wide range of Tw/Te. Exact and linearized approximate solutions were obtained numerically. It was found that the thermal diffusion effect on mass transfer becomes increasingly important as the free stream concentration increases and Tw/Te departs from unity. On the other hand the diffusion thermo effect on heat transfer was found to be the most important when the free stream concentration is zero and as Tw/Te, approaches unity.
Mass Balance Study of Isoflavones during Soybean Processing

The effects of processing techniques on the distribution of isoflavones were investigated by manufacturing tempeh, soymilk, tofu, and protein isolate. The manufacturing steps causing significant losses (p < 0.05) of isoflavones were as follows: soaking (12%) and heat processing (49%) in tempeh production; coagulation (44%) in tofu processing; and alkaline extraction (53%) in soy protein isolate production. In the production of tempeh, soymilk, and tofu, malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin decreased after soaking and cooking. Concomitantly, acetyldaidzin and acetylgenistin were generated during heat processing. After fermentation, daidzein and genistein concentrations increased in tempeh, apparently as a result of fungal enzymatic hydrolysis. In protein isolate processing, alkaline extraction caused the generation of daidzein and genistein, probably through alkaline hydrolysis. Keywords: Isoflavones; mass balance; soy protein isolate; tempeh; soymilk; tofu
Global Bifurcation of Steady-State Solutions

In this paper, we study the bifurcation of steady-state solutions of a reaction-diffusion equation in one space variable. The steady-state solutions satisfy the equation a” +f(u) = 0 on the interval -L 0, or (0, for some (nonzero) function c = c(a). For the Neumann problem, we use entirely different techniques to prove that S is never critical, for any cubic polynomial J This implies at once that the Neumann problem can have at most one nonconstant solution (having a given number of maxima or minima). This solution is necessarily strongly nondegenerate, in the sense that zero is not contained in the spectrum of the linearized operator (see [2]). For the Dirichlet problem, the situation is far more complicated, and the bifurcation diagrams undergo qualitative changes, depending on the positions of the roots off: For example, Fig. 1 shows the bifurcation diagram (for the positive solutions), for two different cubic functions of the form f(u) = (a - u)(u - b)(u - c). It is interesting to note, however, that in every case we study, there are at most three solutions to the Dirichlet problem, for each
Update on Screening Breast Ultrasonography

This article includes current recommendations for screening breast ultrasonography, a review of the literature, a discussion of problems associated with the implementation of screening breast ultrasonography, and a brief discussion of the political and economic factors influencing the use of screening breast ultrasonography.
A comprehensive experimental study on surface integrity by end milling Ti―6Al―4V

Abstract End milling titanium Ti–6Al–4V has wide applications in aerospace, biomedical, and chemical industries. However, milling induced surface integrity has received little attention. In this study, a series of end milling experiments were conducted to comprehensively characterize surface integrity at various milling conditions. The experimental results have shown that the milled surface shows the anisotropic nature with the range of surface roughness values from 0.6 to 1.0 μm. Surface roughness value increases with feed and radial depth-of-cut (DoC), but has much less variation in the cutting speed range. Compressive residual normal stress occurs in both cutting and feed directions, while the influences of cutting speed and feed on residual stress trend are quite different. The microstructure analysis shows that β phase becomes much smaller and severely deformed in the near surface with the cutting speed, but phase transformation was absent for the milling conditions. The milled surface microhardness is about 70–90% higher than the bulk material in the subsurface.
Experimental Study of Faulting in an Anisotropic, Inhomogeneous Dolomitic Limestone

Eighty-nine tests were run on cores of laminated dolomitic limestone from the Manlius Formation (Devonian, eastern New York) at confining pressures of 1, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 800 bars, and with the angle between laminae and maximum principal stress varying from 0° to 90°. Percentage of dolomite varies markedly both between specimens and within a single specimen. Results indicate that faults will form parallel to laminae at inclinations of laminae to maximum principal stress between about 13 ° and about 51 ° , and that the laminae exert some control over fault orientation well beyond this range. Within the range tested, confining pressure does not suppress or enhance the ability of the laminae to control fault orientation. At 800 bars, the behavior of the rock is changing, with development of ductile faults or significant ductile flow. Compressive strength depends primarily on confining pressure and orientation of the laminae, but also varies significantly with Young9s modulus. The data are consistent with the Coulomb-Navier criterion of brittle fracture, assuming lower values for internal friction and cohesion parallel to the laminae than in all other directions. Observed and calculated compressive strengths agree more closely if the Young9s moduli of the specimens are taken into consideration. The significant effect of the irregular and discontinuous laminae in the test material on rock strength and fault orientation suggests caution in assuming the usual 30 ° angle between maximum principal stress and faults when conducting fracture analysis in areas of anisotropic, inhomogeneous rocks (a description that fits most sedimentary rocks).
Rethinking casein micelle structure using electron microscopy

Abstract Numerous models for the structure of casein micelles have been proposed in the past. Based on the chemical and physical properties of micelles, these models fall into two general categories, models of internal structure and models of submicelles. Electron microscopy has been used to provide evidence for these models, although the available techniques imposed limits. With the development of newer electron microscopes, the structure of the bovine casein micelle has been further examined. Even at high resolution, scanning electron microscopy does not produce satisfactory images of casein micelles because the application of metal coatings (2 to 10nm thickness) obscures the proteins from view, and the resultant images of casein micelles resemble a lumpy sphere. Transmission electron microscopy has been used with varying results. Freeze-fracture replica methods coat the fine protein structure with metal, as occurs with scanning electron microscopy. Negative staining that includes air-drying introduces artifacts into the sample during drying. Plastic embedding can yield fairly representative images, but not without dimensional compression and some chemical modification. These chemical modifications occur predominantly from 1) chemical fixation, causing crosslinking of protein and thus shifting of their spatial resolution; 2) ethanol, causing coagulation of the proteins during dehydration; and 3) protein loss during infiltration with plastic. The inability to avoid these problems in the past has limited the ability to provide an accurate image of casein micelles. In this study, a cryopreparation technique has been applied to examine single casein micelles while retaining the maximum in situ structure. To avoid problems of metal coating and chemical modifications, casein micelles were absorbed to parlodion-coated grids, immersed in uranyl oxalate counterstain, quick frozen, and freeze-dried. This method yields images of whole, spherical casein micelles and shows the fine structural detail of the micellar proteins. Stereo images showed that the largest subaggregate particles within the casein micelle matrix were approximately 8 to 10nm in size.
THE RELATION BETWEEN FOVEAL VISUAL ACUITY AND ILLUMINATION UNDER REDUCED OXYGEN TENSION.

1. The foveal visual acuity of eleven subjects was studied in relation to illumination under normal atmospheric conditions and at simulated altitudes of 10,000 feet (14.3 per cent O2) and 18,000 feet (10.3 per cent O2). A mask was used to administer the desired mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen. At the end of each experiment, measurements were made while inhaling 100 per cent oxygen from a cylinder. A red filter (No. 70 Wratten) was used so as to study only the behavior of the cones of the retina. 2. The logarithm of illumination was plotted horizontally (abscissa) and the logarithm of visual acuity vertically (ordinate). The reduced oxygen tensions resulted in a shift of the curve to the right, along the intensity axis, the extent of the change being 0.24 of a log unit at 14.3 per cent O2 and 0.47 of a log unit at 10.3 per cent O2. These effects were completely counteracted within a few minutes by inhaling oxygen. 3. As a consequence of the shape of the curve, such a shift to the right resulted in a relatively large decrease of visual acuity at low illuminations. At increasing light intensities anoxia produced less and less change, until at very high illuminations the decrease was negligible. Thus with 10.34 per cent O2 the visual acuity at 0.144 photons decreased an average of 0.344 of a log unit, to 45 per cent of its normal value. At 1320 photons, however, it decreased only 0.026 of a log unit, to 94 per cent of its normal value for that intensity.
Interrupt driven fortran for laboratory support

This paper presents a method to increase the efficiency of general purpose minicomputer usage in a laboratory environment through subroutines to a higher level language. As an example, the implementation of a general purpose routine for the complete support of an Analog-to-Digital Subsystem is given; both from the viewpoint of the implementation in an assembly language and the usage of the corresponding FORTRAN subroutine. To extend the capability of such a system, certain non-FORTRAN attributes were included in the implementation. These extensions include the ability to use FORTRAN completion subroutines. That is, after an event or series of events has occurred, it is possible for the assembly language event processor to interrupt the execution of the main FORTRAN program and start up correctly a FORTRAN completion routine to manipulate the data as required by that application. When that task is finished, the main program will be continued from where it was suspended with no apparent side effects. This feature allows a fairly complex (but nevertheless straight-forward) FORTRAN program to control several experiments or portions of the same experiment in a completely asynchronous way.
Cerebral Vasospasm with Ruptured Saccular Aneurysm — The Clinical Manifestations

Fifty cases of verified intracranial ruptured saccular aneurysm were analyzed to investigate the relationship of the development of a delayed cerebral ischemic deficit to the presence of cerebral vasospasm visualized on angiography. Twenty-five patients developed a delayed ischemic deficit (DID), and all showed Grade 3+ or 4+ vasospasm. Nineteen patients had Grade 0, 1+, or 2+ vasospasm, and none developed a DID. It was concluded that in this study vasospasm accounted for all DID's and that in the absence of vasospasm DID did not occur. The DID occurred most often on Day 8 (7 of 25 cases).
A model for a CAI learning system

Over the past ten years, computer-assisted instruction (CAI) has had an impact on the educational system. In this paper, we discuss our view of a model for developing an integrated set of CAI modules for any given subject area. The model has been implemented and tested, with very favorable results, for the subject area of metrication.
Protecting and regaining clarity of mission in the microfinance industry

Purpose – The paper's aim is to thoroughly examine solutions to mission diffusion and mission drift in the microfinance industry.Design/methodology/approach – Extensive field experience relating to individual microfinance institutions and industry trends provide the grounding for a review of the trade and academic literatures in microfinance and social enterprise management.Findings – Mission diffusion arises from pursuing diverse approaches to poverty alleviation and addressing disparate and changing stakeholder interests. Mission drift arises from commercialization and conversion activities aimed toward enhancing ratings and achieving scale. Mission clarity can be regained through clarification of the mission along with more effective corporate governance and performance management systems, and a research function.Practical implications – The tension between financial and social performance is not merely ideological – economic realities make it almost impossible to stay on mission. Understanding these r...
Effect of Metformin-Containing Antidiabetic Regimens on All-cause Mortality in Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT Objective There are conflicting reports concerning metformin use and mortality rates in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between metformin use and all-cause mortality in veterans with T2DM. Research design and methods An observational cohort study involving 2206 patients with T2DM was performed using computerized database from the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN. All-cause mortality was compared among cohorts of metformin and nonmetformin users. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality after adjusting for age, race, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, glycosylated hemoglobin, use of insulin, use of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers or statins. Results The average length of follow-up in metformin and nonmetformin users was 62 ± 17 and 61 ± 18 months, respectively. The mean age was 63 ± 11 years. Crude mortality rates were similar in both groups: 266 (22%) metformin users and 253 (25.3%) nonmetformin users died. There was a trend for improved survival with metformin use (unadjusted HR 0.85, P = 0.07). After multivariate adjustment, metformin users had significantly decreased HR for time to all-cause mortality compared with nonmetformin users (adjusted HR 0.77, P P Conclusion Treatment of T2DM with regimens containing metformin alone or in combination with other hypoglycemic agents was associated with reduced all-cause mortality compared with regimens without metformin.
Evaluation of row-spacing, seedbed preparation, and weed control options for dryland soybean

Production systems for dryland full season soybean consist of seedbed preparation, planting operations, weed control activities and harvesting operations. Often production system choices are interdependent across seedbed preparation, planting equipment and weed control options. For example, the selection of one system option such as no-till seedbed preparation restricts planting equipment choices. Evaluating production systems requires that a holistic approach be employed to account not only for agronomic factors but economic ones as well. Experiments were conducted in 1992, 1993, and 1994 at Keiser, AR and in 1992 and 1993 at Marianna, AR on clayey and silt loam soils, respectively. Treatments consisted of various combinations of preplant tillage (yes or no), row-spacing (narrow or wide), and post-plant cultivation (yes or no) for weed control. Grain yield data was collected and analyzed using SAS. In addition, economic analysis consisted of generating crop production budgets that were used to estimate r...
An investigation into the quantitative properties of the specific factors model of international trade

Abstract This paper presents a specification of a fundamental and popular model in the theory of international trade, the specific factors model. Data from 24 sectors of the Japanese economy are used. Simulated comparative static elasticities extend basic trade theory by uncovering and postulating the following quantitative properties: 1. (i) near factor price equalization with free trade; 2. (ii) high levels of specialization and trade across trading partners; and 3. (iii) concentrated benefits and diffused costs of protection. Free trade can thus be expected to nearly equalize prices of similar inputs across countries and lead to high levels of specialization and trade.
Management of Heart Failure in the Elderly

The management of chronic heart failure in elderly patients is often complicated by the presence of multiple comorbid conditions, polypharmacy, psychosocial and financial concerns, and difficulties with adherence to complex medication and dietary regimens. In addition, few patients over 80 years of age have been enrolled in clinical trials, so that the efficacy of current heart failure therapies remains uncertain in this age group. Taken together, these factors contribute to the persistently high hospitalization and mortality rates as well as the poor quality of life associated with chronic heart failure in the elderly. In this article, nonpharmacologic aspects of care and the pharmacotherapy of systolic heart failure in elderly patients are reviewed. Optimal management requires a systematic approach comprising 5 key elements: coordination of care across disciplines, patient and caregiver education, enhancement of self-management skills, effective followup, and the judicious use of medications. However, it must be recognized that even with "best practice" interventions, the prognosis for established heart failure remains poor. Future research must therefore be directed at developing more effective strategies for the prevention of heart failure in our aging population.
Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: a mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture

Soil disturbance from tillage is a major cause of organic matter depletion and reduction in the number and stability of soil aggregates when native ecosystems are converted to agriculture. No-till (NT) cropping systems usually exhibit increased aggregation and soil organic matter relative to conventional tillage (CT). However, the extent of soil organic matter changes in response to NT management varies between soils and the mechanisms of organic matter stabilization in NT systems are unclear. We evaluated a conceptual model which links the turnover of aggregates to soil organic matter dynamics in NT and CT systems; we argue that the rate of macroaggregate formation and degradation (i.e. aggregate turnover) is reduced under NT compared to CT and leads to a formation of stable microaggregates in which carbon is stabilized and sequestered in the long term. Therefore, the link between macroaggregate turnover, microaggregate formation, and C stabilization within microaggregates partly determines the observed soil organic matter increases under NT.
Intermolecular electrical interactions and the structures and rigidity of cyclic, weakly bonded complexes

Abstract Intermolecular torsional potentials have been generated for a number of three- and four-membered cyclic complexes of hydrogen or weakly bonded molecules using a detailed electrical analysis that includes full mutual polarization. The librational rigidity of the complexes correlates well with the strength of the electrical interaction. Trends in the torsional force constants can be understood largely in terms of how dipole and quadrupole interactions are juxtaposed as relative orientations change.
Validation of the NARCOMS registry: diagnosis.

The North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Registry is a patient registry, wherein the diagnoses of multiple sclerosis (MS) are unverified. We compared self-reported diag...
Taming the pion cloud of the nucleon.

We present a light-front determination of the pionic contribution to the nucleon self-energy, ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$, to second order in pion-baryon coupling constants that allows the pion-nucleon vertex function to be treated in a model-independent manner constrained by experiment. The pion mass $\ensuremath{\mu}$ dependence of ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ is consistent with chiral perturbation theory results for small values of $\ensuremath{\mu}$ and is also linearly dependent on $\ensuremath{\mu}$ for larger values, in accord with the results of lattice QCD calculations. The derivative of ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ with respect to ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}$ yields the dominant contribution to the pion content, which is consistent with the $\overline{d}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\overline{u}$ difference observed experimentally in the violation of the Gottfried sum rule.
Learning in the Teaching Workforce

Summary The U.S. educational system invests heavily, in both time and money, in continuing education for teachers. In this article Heather Hill examines the effectiveness of two forms of teacher learning—graduate coursework and professional development. She focuses first on graduate education. Almost half of all teachers have a master’s degree. Many states allow graduate coursework to count toward recertification requirements. Some districts require teachers to complete a master’s degree within several years of hiring, and many others reward it with salary increases. Education reformers often recommend requiring master’s degrees. But much graduate coursework appears to be of low intellectual quality and disconnected from classroom practice. Most research finds no link between teachers’ graduate degrees and student learning unless the degree is in the teacher’s primary teaching field. Hill then examines professional development. Most workshops, institutes, and study groups appear to be brief, superficial, and of marginal use in improving teaching. But it does not have to be this way, says Hill. Professional development can enhance teaching and learning if it has three characteristics. It must last several days or longer; it must focus on subject-matter-specific instruction; and it must be aligned with the instructional goals and curriculum materials in teachers’ schools. Such high-quality programs do exist. But they are a tiny fraction of the nation’s offerings. One problem, says Hill, is that researchers rarely evaluate carefully either local professional development or its effect on student learning. Most evaluations simply ask participants to self-report. Lacking reliable evaluations, how are teachers and district officials to choose effective programs? Clearly, much more rigorous studies are needed. To make continuing education effective, school districts should encourage teachers to take graduate coursework that is more tightly aligned with their primary teaching assignment. And districts should select professional development programs based on evidence of their effectiveness. Finally, central planners must ensure that items on the menu of offerings closely align with district standards, curriculum materials, and assessments.
MD Simulations of a 5-HT2A Receptor Model in DOPC Membranes

This work presents MD calculations on a model 5-HT2A G protein-coupled receptor embedded in DOPC membrane bilayers at different lipid:protein ratios. The primary purpose is to evaluate physical properties of the system to probe membrane dynamics and the solvation interactions. This showed several kinds of apparent cooperativity phenomena in distributions, lipid dynamics, and hydrogen bond interactions. The integral protein appears to cause a disordered condensation of the local lipid structure which does not extend far beyond the surface layer of lipids. This, and changes in the lipid-protein interaction profiles give a start toward understanding membrane-protein selectivity. The presence of a partially immobilized surface layer of lipids may generally slow down kinetics of solute-solute interactions in similar liquid-crystal membranes. A hydration algorithm was also applied to the GPCR model producing a detailed water structure in some of the internal cavities, including in the areas proposed for ligand binding. Other properties examined included the distributions of lipid groups, the membrane electrostatic potential, and some of the short-time protein dynamics.
Do all firms benefit equally from downstream FDI? The moderating effect of local suppliers’ capabilities on productivity gains

Using a panel data set on Indonesian manufacturers from 1988 to 1996, this paper examines how host-country firms’ capabilities influence their propensity to benefit from downstream foreign direct investment (FDI). We estimate local suppliers’ productivity response to multinational entry in downstream industries. We find that firms with stronger production capabilities benefit less than others. In contrast, firms with greater absorptive capacity benefit more. These results are largely robust to the inclusion of firm fixed effects, industry-year and region-year fixed effects, and other controls, and indicate the importance of firm capabilities in moderating the effect of downstream FDI on productivity. Finally, we also find some evidence, though less robust, that firms with greater complementary capabilities (proxied by firm size) also benefit more from downstream FDI.
The connection between landscapes and the solar ephemeris in honeybees

SUMMARY Honeybees connect the sun9s daily pattern of azimuthal movement to some aspect of the landscape around their nests. In the present study, we ask what aspect of the landscape is used in this context – the entire landscape panorama or only sectors seen along familiar flight routes. Previous studies of the solar ephemeris memory in bees have generally used bees that had experience flying a specific route, usually along a treeline, to a feeder. When such bees were moved to a differently oriented treeline on overcast days, the bees oriented their communicative dances as if they were still at the first treeline, based on a memory of the sun9s course in relation to some aspect of the site, possibly the familiar route along the treeline or possibly the entire landscape or skyline panorama. Our results show that bees lacking specific flight-route training can nonetheless recall the sun9s compass bearing relative to novel flight routes in their natal landscape. Specifically, we moved a hive from one landscape to a differently oriented twin landscape, and only after transplantation under overcast skies did we move a feeder away from the hive. These bees nonetheless danced accurately by memory of the sun9s course in relation to their natal landscape. The bees9 knowledge of the relationship between the sun and landscape, therefore, is not limited to familiar flight routes and so may encompass, at least functionally, the entire panorama. Further evidence suggests that the skyline in particular may be the bees9 preferred reference in this context.
Ukeleles, condessors, and fosetch: Varieties of aphasic jargon

Abstract The term jargonaphasia designates a superordinate category referring to several distinct forms of language disturbance, each of which severely limits the communicative value of speech in a different way. The three types of aphasic jargon are discussed in this paper. Semantic jargon is characterized by the production of fluent, well-articulated utterances which are semantically aberrant but have no more than occasional phonemic or neologistic errors. In neologistic jargon, neologisms replace content words, leaving the remaining part of the utterance, including grammatical function markers, unaffected. Finally, phonemic jargon refers to speech in which meaning is entirely absent, and there are few if any recognizable words or word-like units. The varieties of jargon discussed in this paper are symptoms of a language disturbance characterized by the normal but inefficient pre-processing of language at different points along the processing continuum from thought to articulated speech. Such symptoms may provide insight into the relations among levels of representation of linguistic knowledge and particularly into the nature of the emergence, in perception and production, of semantic and phonemic representations. It is concluded that each of the forms of jargonaphasia is distinct with regard to the specific locus of the disruption of sound and meaning representation. Each is referable to a different stage in the cognitive microgenesis of an utterance. In other words, each form of jargonaphasia points to the level of linguistic representation corresponding to a specific stage in the psychological (microgenetic) unfolding of a linguistic act.
Estimation of fundamental period for structures supported on pile foundations

One of the significant effects of considering soil-structure interaction in the analysis of structures is the increase in the fundamental natural period compared to the fundamental natural period of a similar structure, fixed at the base. Applied Technology Council (ATC) originally set forth some provisions to calculate the fundamental natural period of flexible based structures using the period of a similar structure, fixed at the base, and lateral and rocking stiffness coefficients of the foundation. These provisions became the basis of current soil-structure interaction recommendations in several building codes. The fundamental natural periods of structures founded on different types of foundations computed using recommendations of the ATC are compared with those computed using a simplified model to perform soil-structure interaction of shear-type structures. Results show that the provisions given in ATC may be used for structures supported on shallow footings but may not be applicable for structures supported on pile foundations or foundations having the ratio of lateral to rotational stiffness coefficients different from those of shallow foundations. An equation, similar to the equation recommended by ATC, is presented to estimate the fundamental natural period of structures supported on pile foundations.
The risk of bleeding complications after pain procedures in anticoagulated patients.

imally invasive pain treatment procedures are common and generally low-risk. Complications from bleeding after these procedures are relatively uncommon, but the neurologic sequelae can be severe, particularly in the case of spinal hematomas. Changes in coagulative, fibrinolytic, and thrombolytic mechanisms escalate these risks. Consensus guidelines developed by the American Society of Regional Anesthesia summarize the risks of spinal hematoma associated with the use of different anticoagulant medications. In addition, these guidelines provide recommendations for neuroaxial procedures on patients treated with oral and intravenous anticoagulant medications. Recommendations for the neuroaxial procedures also apply to the peripheral blocks.
An alternate explanation of the effect of citric acid on proton pump inhibitor-associated false negative urea breath tests.

An alternate explanation of the effect of citric acid on proton pump inhibitor–associated false negative urea breath tests
Genomic structure and identification of a truncated variant message of the mouse estrogen receptor α gene

Abstract Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that directs the transcription of a wide number of estrogen-regulated genes. ERα mediates the effects of 17-β-estradiol in both males and females, and was the first estrogen receptor identified. Despite the cloning of the mouse ERα cDNA over 15 years ago, the precise genomic organization of the mouse ERα gene has not yet been elucidated. In order to determine the structure of this gene, overlapping BAC and P1 clones containing partial genomic sequences of the mouse ERα cDNA were obtained from a mouse ES cell genomic library. Using standard restriction fragment analysis followed by Southern blotting, the mouse ERα gene was determined to be greater than 220 kb in length. The introns vary widely in size, from 1.8 to 60 kb in length. Sequencing of intron–exon boundaries shows that these boundaries are highly conserved between the human and mouse ERα genes. Additionally, we have identified a splice variant message of mouse ERα arising from a failure to properly splice at the 3′ end of exon 4; the resulting message is predicted to produce a protein lacking the ligand-binding domain. Variant message was detected by RT-PCR in several tissues, including uterus, ovary, mammary gland, placenta and testis.
Differentiating childhood-onset schizophrenia from psychotic mood disorders.

ABSTRACT Objective The authors systematically examined a sample of patients who were referred to an ongoing National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) study of childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), but who received diagnoses of mood disorders at the NIMH, to analyze the reliability of these research-setting diagnoses and to characterize the patients clinically. Pilot data regarding the clinical course of these patients over a 2- to 7-year follow-up period were also obtained. Method Thirty-three cases were selected from the 215 pediatric patients who had been screened in person from 1991 to 1999 for admission to the COS study. These 33 patients had been excluded from the COS study on the basis of a day-long evaluation, including a structured diagnostic interview, which yielded a diagnosis of a mood disorder rather than schizophrenia. This subgroup, together with six COS subjects (for a total N = 39), were included in a diagnostic reliability study in which they were reevaluated by three psychiatrists who were blind to the initial research diagnosis. In addition, pilot follow-up data regarding current function and treatment status were obtained for 25 of the 33 patients with mood disorders. Results Overall, the interrater reliability of the three raters was excellent (κ = 0.90). Global reliability between these raters and the NIMH research diagnoses was good (average κ across diagnoses=0.61), and agreement for those patients who had mood disorders was good (86% agreement; κ = 0.60). Pilot follow-up data indicate that none of the subjects with a diagnosed mood disorder developed a clinical course resembling schizophrenia. Conclusions Many of the patients referred to the NIMH COS study with clinical diagnoses of schizophrenia had psychotic mood disorders diagnosed on the basis of a comprehensive research evaluation including structured diagnostic interviews, and these research diagnoses were reliable. The diagnosis of COS is difficult and requires a time-consuming evaluation process.
Filter-based model checking of partial systems

Recent years have seen dramatic growth in the application of model checking techniques to the validation and verification of correctness properties of hardware, and more recently software, systems. Most of this work has been aimed at reasoning about properties of complete systems. This paper describes an automatable approach for building finite-state models of partially defined software systems that are amenable to model checking using existing tools. It enables the application of existing model checking tools to system components taking into account assumptions about the behavior of the environment in which the components will execute. We illustrate the application of the approach by validating and verifying properties of a reusable parameterized programming framework.
Quality of abstracts of papers reporting original cost-effectiveness analyses.

Background. Although many peer-reviewed journals have adopted standards for reporting cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), guidelines do not exist for the accompanying abstracts. Abstracts are the most easily accessed portion of journal articles, yet little is known about their quality. The authors examined the extent to which abstracts of published CEAs include key data elements (intervention, comparator, target population, study perspective) and assessed the effect of journal characteristics on reporting quality.Methods.Systematic review of the English-language medical literature from 1998 through 2001. The authors searched MEDLINE for original CEAs reported in costs per quality-adjusted life years(i.e., cost-utility analyses). Two independent readers abstracted data elements and met to resolve discrepancies.Results. Among the 303 abstracts reviewed, a clear description of the intervention was present in 94%, comparator in 71%, target population in 85%, and study perspective in 28%. All 4 data elements w...
ABNORMAL NOCTURNAL GROWTH HORMONE (GH) SECRETION IN SHORT CHILDREN WITH CRANIOFACIAL MALFORMATIONS SYNDROMES (CMS)

Children with CMS (Treacher-Collins Syndrome, hemifacial microsomia, Robin Sequence, Stickler Syndrome and other syndromes of clefting) and obstructive airway disease have poor sleep-entrained growth hormone (GH) secretion and may grow poorly. We studied GH release in four patients with CMS and compared it to seven children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) by measuring GH in blogd, every 20 min. during sleep. All patients had GH concentrations ≥10 ng/ml during standard provocative testing and had subnormal ( 0.05). CMS patients had histories of poor sleep at home but no apnea was demonstrated during overnight studies. These data suggest that children with CMS who grow poorly may have insufficient GH secretion during sleep. Conclusions: Children with CMS and short stature require nocturnal GH secretion studies as part of their evaluation because nighttime GH secretion may be deficient and they may therefore benefit from treatment with growth hormone.
A common mechanism of collective phenomena

A common thread is followed through diverse phenomena: Weak interactions lock seemingly independent variables into a collective state of enhanced or depressed energy. A rather novel perspective is thus afforded on superconductivity and on nuclear and particle physics.
Compressed straight tableaux and a distributive lattice of representations

A new “compressed straight” basis for the polynomial ring Zti, j] is constructed. This basis is then employed to study the lattice of representations generated by the representations associated with row-convex shapes under the operations of intersection and linear span. Applications to ascertaining the Cohen?Macaulay property for rings associated to elements of this lattice are also given.
Ethnography, borders and violence: reading between the lines in Satō Haruo's Demon Bird

Abstract Satō Haruo traveled to Taiwan in 1920 and published the short story ‘Demon Bird’ (Machō) in the October 1923 issue of Chūō Kōron. The narrator of ‘Demon Bird’ imitates the style of an ethnographic report to tell his civilized audience about a custom of scapegoating in an unnamed ‘barbaric’ society. He offers an interpretation of this custom and recounts a recent episode of persecution. By his literary indiscretions, he also discloses his own position within a colonial apparatus and underscores the connection between ‘barbarism’ at home and violence in the colonies. In the end, this narrative about a violent, ‘barbaric’ other is not what it appears to be. While the narrator of ‘Demon Bird’ sets the episode of persecution in a distant land, he also hints at an unspeakable atrocity fresh in the minds of his readers: the massacre of thousands of Korean residents of the Japanese capital during the Great Kanto Earthquake. This short story thus straddles the border of two genres (ethnography and fiction...
The Perilous Fate of the Teller, or What Bench? What Desolation?

Henry James's understanding of the perilous consequences of telling of the situation of another seem salient to the clinical enterprise. This essay examines James's late story "The Bench of Desolation" to appreciate the narrative strategies adopted in its telling. The narrator of this story gradually nears the suffering protagonist and shifts from mockery to seeming compassion in the presentation of his plight. By effacing himself, or making himself transparent, the narrator exposes the characters directly to the reader, bringing the reader into intimate contact with the characters. These observations have evident clinical resonance. Other works James read or wrote at the time he wrote this story help us to understand what might have been on his mind during the creation of this work. The textual recognition that occurs in this story is given as a model for the mutual recognition possible in the clinical setting.
Note-Blau's Dilemma Revisited

The issue of equivalence between chance-constrained programming problems CCPP's and Bayesian utility-maximization problems BUMP's, and the anomalous evaluation of information in CCPP's, are re-examined in light of a recent paper by Jagannathan and the ensuing exchange between Jagannathan and LaValle. Difficulties in "explaining" value of information within the framework of chance-constrained programming are illustrated in a numerical example due to Jagannathan.
Effects of contrast and brightness on subpixel image correlation

In the past years a method that uses digital image correlation to determine the deformations of subsets of an object has been developed. In the paper an attempt is made to explore and understand the effects of changing signal amplitude on the errors associated with digital image correlation. This is important because changes in signal amplitude relate to changes in contrast and brightness between the images. The work was prompted by use of substances that change their phosphorescence under UV light as temperature varies. This results in changes in intensity amplitudes (contrast and brightness) between the initial and final images. The system components are simulated, a representative intensity pattern is chosen and then deformed (translated and strained) by known amounts under changing contrast and brightness. Pure translation, with strain set to zero and translation varied was studied first, and repeated using different intensity amplitudes for the deformed object. The absolute normalized error between the actual and calculated displacement was found by a cross-correlation. For the second study, uniform strains of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 5.0% were imposed in addition to centerpoint translation and repeated using different intensity amplitudes. >
Enhanced Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and Myosin Light Chain Kinase by the Pro33 Polymorphism of Integrin β3

Integrin beta(3) is polymorphic at residue 33 (Leu(33) or Pro(33)), and the Pro(33) variant exhibits increased outside-in signaling to focal adhesion kinase and greater actin reorganization. Because focal adhesion kinase activation and an intact cytoskeleton are critical links for integrin-mediated signaling to MAPK, we explored the role of integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) in this signaling using Chinese hamster ovary and human kidney 293 cell lines expressing either the Leu(33) or Pro(33) isoform of beta(3). Compared with Leu(33) cells, Pro(33) cells demonstrated substantially greater activation of ERK2 (but not MAPK family members JNK and p38) upon adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen (but not fibronectin) and upon integrin cross-linking. ERK2 activation was mediated through MAPK kinase and required phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling and an intact actin cytoskeleton. Human platelets and Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the Pro(33) isoform showed enhanced activation of the ERK2 substrate myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) upon adhering to fibrinogen. Furthermore, compared with platelets and cells expressing the Leu(33) isoform, the Pro(33) variant showed greater alpha-granule release, clot retraction, and adhesion to fibrinogen under shear stress, and these functional differences were abolished by MLCK and MAPK kinase inhibition. Post-integrin occupancy signaling through MAPK and MLCK after alpha(IIb)beta(3) cross-linking may explain in part the increased adhesive properties of the Pro(33) variant of integrin beta(3).