cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metastasis suppressed, but tumorigenicity and local invasiveness unaffected, in the human melanoma cell line MelJuSo after introduction of human chromosomes 1 or 6.

Progression of human melanoma toward increasingly malignant behavior is associated with several nonrandom chromosomal aberrations, most commonly involving chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 9, and 10. We previously showed that introduction of human chromosome 6 into the highly metastatic human malignant melanoma cell line C8161 completely suppressed metastasis without altering tumorigenicity (Welch DR, Chen P, Miele ME, et al., Oncogene 9:255–262, 1994). Alterations of chromosome 1 are the most frequent chromosome abnormality observed in melanomas, and they frequently arise late in tumor progression. The purpose of the study presented here was to compare the effects of chromosomes 1 and 6 on malignant melanoma metastasis. By using microcell-mediated chromosome transfer, single copies of neo-tagged human chromosomes 1 or 6 were introduced into the human melanoma cell line MelJuSo. The presence of the added chromosome was verified by G banding of karyotypes, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and screening for polymorphic markers on each chromosome. The incidence and number of metastases per lung after intravenous or intradermal injection of parental MelJuSo cells was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than those of hybrids containing either chromosome 1 or chromosome 6, although chromosome 1 was a less potent inhibitor of metastasis than chromosome 6. Cultures established from primary tumors and metastases remained neomycin resistant, suggesting that portions of the added chromosomes were retained. These results strengthen the evidence for the presence of a melanoma metastasis suppressor gene on chromosome 6. neo6/MelJuSo hybrids expressed 2.4- to 3.4-fold more of the melanoma differentiation-associated gene mda-6 (previously shown to be identical to WAF1/CIP1/Sdi1/CAP20) than parental metastatic cells. mda-6/WAF1 is among the candidate genes on chromosome 6. These results also demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of metastasis suppressor genes on human chromosome 1, although these genes appear to be less potent than the one encoded on chromosome 6. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Safety Behaviors of Abused Women After an Intervention During Pregnancy

Objective To evaluate an intervention protocol, administered during pregnancy, for increasing safety-seeking behaviors of abused women. Design Prospective, ethnically stratified cohort analysis. Setting Public prenatal clinics. Participants Pregnant women reporting physical or sexual abuse in the year before or during the present pregnancy. One hundred thirty-two women met study criteria, received the intervention, and were followed for 1 year after the completion of the pregnancy. Intervention Three education, advocacy, and community referral sessions that included information on safety behaviors. Main Outcome Measure Adoption of safety behaviors by abused women. Safety behaviors were measured before the intervention, twice during pregnancy, and at 2, 6, and 12 months after completion of the pregnancy. Results Repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant increase in adoption of each safety behavior (p Conclusions Pregnant women who were abused and were offered an intervention protocol report a significant increase in safety behavior adoption during and after pregnancy. Abuse during pregnancy is common. Identification of abuse and immediate clinical intervention that includes information about safety behaviors can result in safety behavior adoption that may prevent future abuse and increase the safety and well-being of women and infants.
Boron Chemosterilants Against Screw-Worm Flies: Structure-Activity Relationship

Organoboron compounds that hydrolyzed readily to boric acid were effective chemosterilants of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) and the activity was generally proportional to their boron content. However, this relationship was completely valid only with alkoxyboranes that hydrolyze almost instantaneously; aminoboranes and derivatives of boronic acids are more resistant to hydrolysis, and their effectiveness as chemosterilants could not be directly correlated with their content of boron. In all, 83 boron compounds were administered orally to both sexes of screw-worm flies, and their effects on mortality, oviposition, and hatch were determined.
PROVING GOD: THE QUESTION OF TRANSCENDENCE AND THE LIMITS OF RATIONALITY

Many people like to argue about God. From particular doctrinal quarrels to more general disputes about whether or not there is a God, some folks cannot seem to resist debating the qualities and existence of deity. Since the Enlightenment in the West, it has been easy for many intellectuals to assume that reasoned argumentation ought to be able to settle this issue, but it is questionable whether or not such arguments are at all effective in leading people to change their minds. Do atheists read books like The Case for Christ 1 and become Christians? Do Christians read The God Delusion 2 and decide to become atheists? Or perhaps these arguments are designed for neutral parties, 'agnostics,' so called, who do not have an explicit position on the matter. Would neutral parties, even those strongly committed to rationality, choose either position on the basis of argumentation alone, or would argumentation come in only to support a decision that is taken for other, non-rational criteria? If arguments about God only involve an appeal to a common standard of reason shared by theists, non-theists and agnostics alike, why is the question not now resolved? After all, thinkers on both sides of the 'God Debate' feel as if they have justification for their stance, but their justifications ring hollow to those on the other side and are not so compelling as to force all rational agnostics into one camp rather than the other. Strident theists and non-theists may decry the irrationality of their opponents, but even the gentler ones on both sides are tempted to look at their opponents and scratch their heads in wonder that people, who by other standards of measure seem to be sane and reasonable, would in this instance make such wild and unwarranted claims. Reactions like this make discussions about God a good place to examine the nature and limits of human rationality. In this article, we will first review the range of arguments offered for and against God in order to show why such arguments fail, and fail in the same way. We will then offer an analysis of why that is the case, and conclude with some brief observations concerning the role reason can play when it comes to the transcendent if it is not simply about justifying one's beliefs or non-beliefs.
Symmetry properties of chemical graphs. IV. Rearrangement of tetragonal-pyramidal complexes

Using a canonical numbering of vertices for the graph corresponding to a particular rearrangement of tetragonal-pyramidal complexes, all 120 permutations defining the symmetry for the rearrangement are derived. An examination of the permutations points to the symmetric group S/sub 5/, which has previously been found for isomerizations of trigonal-bipyramidal complexes and in the rearrangement of homotetrahedryl cations.
Late outcomes after radial artery versus saphenous vein grafting during reoperative coronary artery bypass surgery

Objective We investigated whether use of radial artery versus saphenous vein grafts during coronary artery bypass grafting reoperations is associated with a significant long-term survival benefit. Methods We reviewed a series of 347 consecutive coronary artery bypass grafting reoperations (1996–2007; 270 [78%] male patients; age, 65.3 ± 9.2 years). Internal thoracic artery grafts were used in 248 (71%) patients at the time of the first coronary artery bypass grafting operation and in 154 (44%) patients at reoperation. Patients were grouped based on whether a functional radial artery graft was present after coronary artery bypass grafting reoperation (radial artery cohort, n=203 [59%]) or not (saphenous vein cohort, n=144 [41%]). Median time to reoperation was similar for the radial artery (10.3 years) and saphenous vein (10.1 years) cohorts ( P = .55). Angiographic data were used to ascertain the number and type of grafts that remained functional from initial coronary artery bypass grafting. Survival data (≤12 years) were time segmented based on multiphase hazard modeling at 90 days, and late survival was then analyzed by using proportional hazard Cox regression, with risk adjustment based on a radial artery–use propensity score computed from 48 covariates, including time to reoperation, month of surgical intervention, and total arterial and vein grafts after reoperation. Propensity-matched and propensity quintile comparisons were also done. Results Follow-up was similar for the radial artery versus saphenous vein cohorts (5.7 ± 3.4 vs 5.8 ± 4.0 years, P = .86), and 112 (50 in the radial artery and 62 in the saphenous vein cohorts) deaths were documented. Early mortality (≤90 days) did not differ for the radial artery (7.4%) and saphenous vein (12.5%) cohorts ( P = .14). Unadjusted late outcomes were superior for the radial artery versus saphenous vein cohorts, with survival of 97.3% versus 92.9%, 84.9% versus 77.2%, and 74.1% versus 60.3% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Propensity-adjusted radial artery survival was superior, with a hazard ratio of 0.58 ( P = .04), and this result was confirmed in a propensity-matched comparison. Conclusions We conclude that the use of radial artery as opposed to saphenous vein grafting for reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting, either with or without concomitant internal thoracic artery grafts, is associated with a substantial improvement in late survival. This benefit is likely derived from the increased overall number of arterial grafts.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication and Genotypic Resistance in Blood and Lymph Nodes after a Year of Potent Antiretroviral Therapy

Potent antiretroviral therapy can reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in plasma to levels below the limit of detection for up to 2 years, but the extent to which viral replication is suppressed is unknown. To search for ongoing viral replication in 10 patients on combination antiretroviral therapy for up to 1 year, the emergence of genotypic drug resistance across different compartments was studied and correlated with plasma viral RNA levels. In addition, lymph node (LN) mononuclear cells were assayed for the presence of multiply spliced RNA. Population sequencing of HIV-1 pol was done on plasma RNA, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) RNA, PBMC DNA, LN RNA, LN DNA, and RNA from virus isolated from PBMCs or LNs. A special effort was made to obtain sequences from patients with undetectable plasma RNA, emphasizing the rapidly emerging lamivudine-associated M184V mutation. Furthermore, concordance of drug resistance mutations across compartments was investigated. No evidence for viral replication was found in patients with plasma HIV RNA levels of <20 copies/ml. In contrast, evolving genotypic drug resistance or the presence of multiply spliced RNA provided evidence for low-level replication in subjects with plasma HIV RNA levels between 20 and 400 copies/ml. All patients failing therapy showed multiple drug resistance mutations in different compartments, and multiply spliced RNA was present upon examination. Concordance of nucleotide sequences from different tissue compartments obtained concurrently from individual patients was high: 98% in the protease and 94% in the reverse transcriptase regions. These findings argue that HIV replication differs significantly between patients on potent antiretroviral therapy with low but detectable viral loads and those with undetectable viral loads.
Depression, Healthcare Utilization, and Death in Heart Failure A Community Study

Background—The increasing prevalence of heart failure (HF) and high associated costs have spurred investigation of factors leading to adverse outcomes in patients with HF. Studies to date report in...
Shivering thermogenesis in the pigeon: the effects of activity, diurnal factors, and feeding state

Shivering (electromyographic activity of the pectoral muscle), oxygen consumption, and body temperature were measured from undisturbed pigeons for periods of several weeks, and segments from the midparts of each phase of the light-dark cycle were compared at various ambient temperatures and feeding regimes. Behavior was recorded with a video camera. None of the observed types of behavior (e.g., walking, preening, feeding, drinking, pecking, defecation) induced spurious electrical activity in the pectoral muscle. On the other hand, none of these behaviors directly inhibited ongoing shivering. There was no difference in the mean level of shivering between the light (L) and dark (D) phases of the day in any of the conditions, although body temperature was 2°C higher during L. Measurements of integrated electromyogram (EMG) with high temporal resolution (28 samples/s) showed that, at 1°C, shivering in the pectoral muscle was present for more than 98% of the time. Plots of oxygen consumption against root mean square EMG were obtained in each condition by a filtering procedure that excludes data points in which oxygen consumption is affected by motor activity. These plots showed that the increase in heat production induced by a unit increase in pectoral EMG was lower in D than in L and that it was further lowered by fasting. The amplitude spectra of raw EMG signals were similar in all conditions. Spectra of demodulated (rectified, low-pass filtered) EMG showed a distinct rhythmicity around 8 Hz at 21°C that was further enhanced by fasting but absent at 1°C. This suggests that the degree of synchronization and pattern of recruitment of motor units are specific for various temperatures and feeding regimes, and may partly explain the variable relation between heat production and muscle electrical activity. The results emphasize the advantages of long-term measurements for understanding the control of thermogenesis in birds.
A Review of “Globalization And Culture: Global MéLange”

L’humanite est constamment aux prises avec deux processus contradictoires dont l’un tend a instaurer l’unification, tandis que l’autre vise a maintenir ou a retablir la diversification. (Claude Lev...
Bell Atlantic v. Twombly and the Future of Pleading in the Federal Courts: A Normative and Empirical Analysis

The Supreme Court’s recent decisions on pleading have created a firestorm of confusion in both legal scholarship and lower court opinions. In this Article, the authors argue that the “new” Supreme Court standard is, in reality, nothing more than what the so-called “notice pleading standard” was always intended to be. Notice pleading was never designed to allow a plaintiff to make unilateral, conclusory assertions of liability as a form of “Open, Sesame” to burden the defendant with mass discovery requests. While the new form of pleading rejected the requirements of “fact pleading”, which had demanded that plaintiffs include specific facts giving rise to defendant’s liability, it would have been absurd for it to go to the other extreme of allowing all complaints to proceed to discovery. What the recent decisions did, and what Rule 8 should always have been construed to demand, was require that the factual allegations in the complaint give rise to “suspect circumstances” (the authors’ language) demonstrating the “plausibility” (the Court’s word) of the defendant’s liability. In this way, the current pleading requirement strikes an appropriate balance between the extremes of fact pleading on the one hand and what can be called “lax” pleading, on the other. The authors proceed to demonstrate how this “suspect circumstances” standard is consistent with the results - if not always the rhetoric - of all of the Supreme Court’s pleading decisions, including Conley v. Gibson.
Interstitial Nephritis with Anti-Tubular-Basement-Membrane Antibody

To determine the pathogenesis of interstitial nephtitis, immunopathological studies were performed with kidney and serum from a six-year-old boy. The kidney revealed linear staining of tubular basement membranes with antiserums specific for human IgG and C3; the membranes also showed fixation of heterologous complement. After incubation of the patient's serum on frozen sections from normal human kidneys, linear staining with IgG was detected by indirect fluorescence. This staining was eliminated by absorption of the serum with purified tubular basement membranes, but was unaltered by absorption with purified glomerular basement membrane. The antibody reacted with mouse, rabbit, dog, sheep, monkey, Sprague-Dawley and Lewis/Brown Norway rat tubular basement membranes, but not with that of Lewis rat or guinea pig, or with human skin, thyroid, parotid, lung, liver or pancreas. Anit-tubular-basement-membrane antibody may be involved in the pathogenesis of the patient's disease.
Multilateral Environmental Agreements for Wastes and Chemicals: 40 Years of Global Negotiations†

The ability of anthropogenic chemicals to spread far and wide beyond their initial release points obligates an international approach to controlling them. However, the jurisdictional differences and spectrum of national priorities makes creation and implementation of international treaties sometimes fraught. A hardly insignificant issue is the burdensome disconnect between developed producers of such agents and developing regions that are historical disposal sites and emergent sources. In this Feature, Koloutsou-Vakakis and Chinta review the history and mechanisms of multilateral environmental agreements and posit on how they may evolve in the near future.
Head and shoulder.

Over the years, a primary care internist had often told medical students that every illness is psychosomatic — involving both the mind and body — but it wasn't until she injured her shoulder that she fully understood how true that is.
Dynamic analysis of a piezoelectric augmented beam system with adhesive bonding layer effects

Embedded and surface bonded piezoelectric wafers have been widely used for control and monitoring purposes. Several nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring techniques, such as electromechanical impedance and wave propagation–based techniques, utilize piezoelectric wafers in either active or passive manner to interrogate the host structure. The basis of all these techniques is the energy transfer between the piezoelectric wafer and the host structure which takes place through an adhesive bonding layer. In this article, the high-frequency dynamic response of a coupled piezoelectric-beam system is modeled including the adhesive bonding layer in between. A new three-layer spectral element is developed for this purpose. The formulation of this new element takes into account axial and shear deformations, in addition to rotary inertia effects in all three layers. The capabilities of the proposed model are demonstrated through several numerical examples, where the effects of bonding layer geome...
Hormone and catecholamine responses accompanying the antinatriuresis of glucose ingestion.

The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of various neurohormonal systems in mediating the sodium retention associated with glucose ingestion. Eight normotensive men were randomized to receive, after an overnight fast, glucose (1 mg/kg po) in water, and water alone, during two studies seven to ten days apart. Sodium excretion declined 38 +/- 5% from baseline one to two hours after glucose ingestion (P less than .005), but did not change significantly on the control day. Urinary norepinephrine and dopamine did not change during glucose or control studies. Peak serum insulin levels after glucose correlated inversely with the decline in sodium excretion (r = .67, P less than .10). Plasma renin activity (PRA) increased after glucose ingestion (P less than .01), but changes in PRA did not correlate with changes in sodium excretion. We conclude that the antinatriuresis following glucose ingestion does not result from alterations in noradrenergic-dopaminergic activity or changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. Insulin may modulate renal sodium metabolism directly, or through a yet unknown mechanism.
Rhinoplasty from the Goldman/Cottle schools to the present: a survey of 7447 personal cases.

Background To review the personal experience of a single surgeon over a 31 year period. Method A retrospective analysis of 7447 rhinoplasties performed by a single surgeon from 1969 to 2000. Ninety-five surgeries performed at educational courses were excluded from this series. Results During the many years of performing rhinoplasties, cartilage splitting, delivery, and external approach are among the most common techniques. In the first decade, 62% were cartilage splitting, 33% delivery, and 3% externaL In the second decade, 13% were cartilage splitting, 58% delivery, and 26% external. In the third decade, 11% were cartilage splitting, 52% delivery, and 36% external. Conclusion Over a three-decade period, the techniques of the author have been influenced by national trends, training, and patient outcomes.
Myeloid Sarcoma: Presenting with Massive Cervical and Inguinal Lymphadenopathy

A 21 year old Active Duty Marine presented with acute onset of diffuse lymphadenopathy and B-symptoms. Biopsy was conducted which demonstrated myeloid sarcoma. Myeloid sarcoma is diagnostic for AML but is only present in 2–8 % of patients with AML. Our article presents a classic presentation and histologic appearance and discusses the current status of the literature.
Euripides' Bacchae: Conflict and Mediation

For the Bacchae Levi-Strauss' view of myth as concerned with the mediation of fundamental polarities is both fruitful and fruitfully inadequate. The conflicts between Pentheus and Dionysus clearly involve an opposition of city and wild, culture and nature, rationality and emotion, male and female. Further in the background stands another series of antitheses: mortal and immortal, man and beast, Greek and barbarian, heavens and earth, fire and water. Like much of Greek literature, the Bacchae is founded on the proportion, mortal: immortal :: beast : man. That proportion, in turn, is part of an encompassing cosmic order which distinguishes the three basic categories of animate beings: god, man, and beast. What is unique and disturbing about this play is the thoroughness and violence of the reversals which take place in a situation in which god fuses with beast and beast with man.
Catalytic enantioselective 1,6-conjugate additions of propargyl and allyl groups

Conjugate (or 1,4-) additions of carbanionic species to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are vital to research in organic and medicinal chemistry, and there are several chiral catalysts that facilitate the catalytic enantioselective additions of nucleophiles to enoates. Nonetheless, catalytic enantioselective 1,6-conjugate additions are uncommon, and ones that incorporate readily functionalizable moieties, such as propargyl or allyl groups, into acyclic α,β,γ,δ-doubly unsaturated acceptors are unknown. Chemical transformations that could generate a new bond at the C6 position of a dienoate are particularly desirable because the resulting products could then be subjected to further modifications. However, such reactions, especially when dienoates contain two equally substituted olefins, are scarce and are confined to reactions promoted by a phosphine-copper catalyst (with an alkyl Grignard reagent, dialkylzinc or trialkylaluminium compounds), a diene-iridium catalyst (with arylboroxines), or a bisphosphine-cobalt catalyst (with monosilyl-acetylenes). 1,6-Conjugate additions are otherwise limited to substrates where there is full substitution at the C4 position. It is unclear why certain catalysts favour bond formation at C6, and-although there are a small number of catalytic enantioselective conjugate allyl additions-related 1,6-additions and processes involving a propargyl unit are non-existent. Here we show that an easily accessible organocopper catalyst can promote 1,6-conjugate additions of propargyl and 2-boryl-substituted allyl groups to acyclic dienoates with high selectivity. A commercially available allenyl-boron compound or a monosubstituted allene may be used. Products can be obtained in up to 83 per cent yield, >98:2 diastereomeric ratio (for allyl additions) and 99:1 enantiomeric ratio. We elucidate the mechanistic details, including the origins of high site selectivity (1,6- versus 1,4-) and enantioselectivity as a function of the catalyst structure and reaction type, by means of density functional theory calculations. The utility of the approach is highlighted by an application towards enantioselective synthesis of the anti-HIV agent (-)-equisetin.
Outcome of Patients With Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia With or Without a History of Myelodysplasia

Abstract Purpose To learn whether an antecedent hematologic disorder (AHD) is associated with additional risk in patients with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML). Patients and Methods We reviewed data of 301 patients with newly diagnosed t-AML who sought care from January 2000 to January 2014 (183 t-AML without AHD, 118 t-AML with AHD). Overall, median follow-up was 44 months. Results The primary malignancy was non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 92 (31%), breast cancer in 80 (27%), and prostate cancer in 49 (16%). Median relapse-free survival (RFS) in t-AML without or with AHD was 10 months and 29 months, respectively ( P = .032); median overall survival (OS) was 8 months and 8 months, respectively ( P = .53). Multivariate analysis for OS identified older age, poor performance status, thrombocytopenia, nonfavorable cytogenetics, and lack of response as adverse factors. Conclusion The favorable-risk cohort had better RFS and OS compared to the outcomes of patients in the intermediate- and adverse-risk cohorts; the RFS and OS did not differ between intermediate- and adverse-risk cohorts. The presence of AHD did not affect OS.
Towards a Reference Architecture for Model-Based Engineering Environments

A key aspect of adopting model-based systems engineering as a practice in an organization is the design and development, and adoption of corresponding processes and tools that support the model-based paradigm. In an effort to enable the unified implementation of such processes and tools, this paper introduces a reference architecture model that serves as a specification for a model-based engineering environment. Current systems engineering practices, products, processes and technologies are used as input for continuously refining the architecture model. In the paper, we introduce and report on the current status of this reference architecture model, and present the methodology applied in developing the reference architecture. We conclude that while there are a very large number of domain- or application-specific processes requiring specialized behavior, these can be reduced through abstraction to a small set of core functions that need to be supported by a realization of a model-based engineering environment. Only very few organization-domain- or application-specific aspects require specialized consideration.
EUV lithography patterning challenges

Abstract The intrinsically massively parallel nature of optical imaging has made optical lithography the mainstay method for patterning photoresist for five decades. In optical systems, the achievable resolution is directly proportional to the wavelength of light used which has led to a continual shrink in patterning wavelengths with the transition to extreme ultraviolet (EUV, 13.5 nm) now underway. This transition is also leading to several challenges and opportunities in the patterning materials space. In this chapter, we describe the key EUV technology challenges impacting photoresist, address photoresist stochastics, which is arguably the most fundamental challenge facing the EUV patterning materials themselves and provide an overview of the progress made in EUV resists over the past decade.
Characterization of Sodium Mobility and Binding by 23Na NMR Spectroscopy in a Model Lipoproteic Emulsion Gel for Sodium Reduction

The effects of formulation and processing parameters on sodium availability in a model lipid/protein-based emulsion gel were studied for purposes of sodium reduction. Heat-set model gels were prepared with varying levels of protein, lipid, and NaCl contents and high pressure homogenization treatments. Single quantum and double quantum-filtered 23 Na NMR spectroscopy experiments were used to characterize sodium mobility, structural order around "bound" (restricted mobility) sodium, and sodium binding, which have been correlated to saltiness perception in food systems previously. Total sodium mobility was lower in gels with higher protein or fat content, and was not affected by changes in homogenization pressure. The gels with increased protein, fat, or homogenization pressure had increased structure surrounding "bound" sodium and more relative "bound" sodium due to increased interfacial protein interactions. The data obtained in this study provide information on factors affecting sodium availability, which can be applied towards sodium reduction in lipid/protein-based foods.
Labor, delivery, and anesthesia experiences of women with physical disability.

Background Although many women with physical disabilities report poor quality reproductive health care, little research has addressed labor, delivery, and anesthesia experiences of these women. This study was conducted to explore these experiences in women with significant mobility disabilities. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 22 women from the United States who had delivered newborns within the prior 10 years. All had significant mobility disabilities. Two-hour, in-depth telephone interviews were conducted using a semistructured, open-ended interview protocol, which addressed many topics, including labor, delivery, and anesthesia experiences. We recruited most participants through social networks, interviewing women from 17 states. Conventional content analysis, facilitated by NVivo software, was used to identify major themes. Results The mean age of women was 34.8 ± 5.3 years. Most women were white, college educated, and used wheeled mobility aids. Four key themes emerged from participants’ narratives of laboring and giving birth with a disability. These included women's preferences for type of delivery, clinicians and some women expected no labor pain, fears prompting active advocacy, and positive experiences. As participants discussed their experiences with anesthesia, four additional themes were identified: importance of consultation with the anesthesia team, decisions about epidural/spinal vs general anesthesia, failed epidural with repeated efforts, and fear of injury related to anesthesia. Conclusions The responses of women in this study suggest that there is need to make intrapartum care better for women with physical disabilities and to improve their experiences with labor, birth, and obstetric anesthesia care.
Reformulating and Refocusing a Fiscal Administration Curriculum

AbstractPublic administration programs are familiar and comfortable with the self-study and analysis that comes with the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA...
Brain Mechanisms Theoretically Underlying Extremes of Social Behaviors: The Best and the Worst

The best, most pleasant forms of social behaviors amongst humans are characterized by a degree of altruism, sometimes reciprocal altruism, that has been encouraged universally by institutions that promote civil behavior. Here we review a surprisingly parsimonious neuroscientific theory of howhumansmanage to behave according to the “golden rule.” This theory, while allowing the understanding of pro-social behavior, also leads to a consideration of the neural mechanisms underlying aggression and abnormal social behavior, such as autistic behavior. Here we theorize that damagingly high levels of inputs from ascending CNS arousal systems to the amygdala heighten social anxiety in a manner that increases the chance of autistic behavior.
From Separation to Partnership in Science Education: Students, Laboratories, and the Curriculum

This paper examines the role of the science laboratory in science learning. By examining historical views of students, laboratories, and the curriculum, it describes growing understanding of the context in which science laboratories are likely to be effective.
Unsupervised identification of multiple objects of interest from multiple images: dISCOVER

Given a collection of images of offices, what would we say we see in the images? The objects of interest are likely to be monitors, keyboards, phones, etc. Such identification of the foreground in a scene is important to avoid distractions caused by background clutter and facilitates better understanding of the scene. It is crucial for such an identification to be unsupervised to avoid extensive human labeling as well as biases induced by human intervention.Most interesting scenes contain multiple objects of interest. Hence, it would be useful to separate the foreground into the multiple objects it contains. We propose dISCOVER, an unsupervised approach to identifying the multiple objects of interest in a scene from a collection of images. In order to achieve this, it exploits the consistency in foreground objects - in terms of occurrence and geometry - across the multiple images of the scene.
Challenges in Implementing Hospice Clinical Trials: Preserving Scientific Integrity While Facing Change.

Abstract Background/Aims Numerous changes can occur between the original design plans for clinical trials, the submission of funding proposals, and the implementation of the clinical trial. In the hospice setting, environmental changes can present significant obstacles, which require changes to the original plan designs, recruitment, and staffing. The purpose of the study was to share lessons and problem-solving strategies that can assist in future hospice trials. Methods This study uses one hospice clinical trial as an exemplar to demonstrate challenges for clinical trial research in this setting. Using preliminary data collected during the first months of a trial, the research team details the many ways their current protocol reflects changes from the originally proposed plans. Experiences are used as an exemplar to address the following questions: 1) How do research environments change between the initial submission of a funding proposal and the eventual award? 2) How can investigators maintain the integrity of the research and accommodate unexpected changes in the research environment? Results The changing environment within the hospice setting required design, sampling, and recruitment changes within the first year. The decision-making process resulted in a stronger design with greater generalization. As a result of necessary protocol changes, the study results are positioned to be translational following the study conclusion. Conclusion Researchers would do well to review their protocol and statistics early in a clinical trial. They should be prepared for adjustments to accommodate market and environmental changes outside their control. Ongoing data monitoring, specifically related to recruitment, is advised.
Avanços e retrocessos no mercado de televisão em língua portuguesa

The Subscribing Television in Latin America seems to be turning into a Hispanic Market in the United States. It is a disadvantage for the Portuguese market, which is limited to Brazil in America. There is a great claim about the foreign channels in Spanish that are flooding the Brazilian TV market, but the only export alternative for a TV in Portuguese is Rede Globo.
UNDIFFERENTIATED PLEOMORPHIC PRIMARY CARDIAC SARCOMAS: A CASE SERIES

Primary cardiac sarcomas (PCSs) are extremely rare entities with poor prognosis. We present two patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. (1) 79 year old female with hypertension presented with congestive heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and cardiac MRI revealed an
RNN-LSTM based Tissue Classification in Robotic System for Breast Biopsy

Objective: Accurate needle tip placement for biopsy procedures is difficult to achieve with low-fidelity imaging systems. Conventionally, surgeons while performing biopsies rely on ultrasound images and intuitive feeling about needle-tissue interaction forces to confirm target location. Currently, robotic assistance for biopsy uses only the position parameter to address localization challenges. In the present work, in addition to a robot’s position sense, we propose to integrate needle-tissue force parameter. This force model presents a new way to built an intelligent robot that can identify tissue properties during needle probing/biopsy. Methods: A standard experiment was setup that consist of a force sensor, a linear stage, a biopsy needle, and synthetic tissues. During the experiment, needle penetrates through synthetic tissues, a set of data (force and distance) was acquired and manually labeled. A recurrent neural network (RNN) based Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) model was trained with the data to estimate the various classes (air, skin/fibrous tissue, puncture, and hard tissue). Result: The trained model is able to distinguish between the three synthetic materials. Intuitively, this model mimics human perceptions of force during a handheld needle penetration. Conclusion: The constrained experimental setup helps us present a proof of concept for using deep learning models for tissue classification. Significance: Tissue classification is the first step towards solving the more difficult problem of developing a robotic device capable of precise event detection of tissue transitions.
Induction of Labor

Induction of labor is defined as stimulation of contractions in contrast to augmentation which is defined as causing an increase in contractions. Both are intended to result in a vaginal delivery. Labor induction has absolute and relative indications; it is also occasionally undertaken for elective reasons. Success can be estimated using the Bishop score; if high, the risk of cesarean delivery is similar to that of spontaneous labor [1].
Advanced Electronic Structure Calculations for Nanoelectronics

This paper describes our work over the past few years to use tools from quantum chemistry to describe electronic structure of nanoelectronic devices. These devices, dubbed “artificial atoms,” comprise a few electrons, confined by semiconductor heterostructures, impurities, and patterned electrodes, and are of intense interest due to potential applications in quantum information processing, quantum sensing, and extreme-scale classical logic. We detail two approaches we have employed: finite-element and Gaussian basis sets, exploring the interesting complications that arise when techniques that were intended to apply to atomic systems are instead used for artificial, solid-state devices.
FDA regulation of adipose cell use in clinical trials and clinical translation

Abstract This chapter discusses United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation of adipose-derived stem cell therapies. It begins with the basic facts of what adipose is and what it does (while leaving more detailed discussions to other parts of this publication). It then summarizes the basics of law and regulation as applied to regenerative medicine and describes the FDA's overall risk-based framework for regulating cell therapies. This is followed by a closer examination of the FDA's specific regulation of adipose-derived cell and tissue products. The agency's missteps are identified, and their repercussions for the regulated as well as the regulator are considered. The chapter closes with a brief overview of recent developments in methods and mechanisms for obtaining approval of regenerative products and biologics in general, particularly with regard to real-world evidence and innovative trial design. While not limited to adipose products, this material is potentially relevant to those working in this area.
Abstract P138: Long-term Effects Of Severe Caloric Restriction To The Heart Function

Severe caloric restriction (sCR) increases the risk for acute cardiovascular disease. Less understood are the long-term effects on cardiovascular disease risk after the sCR period has ended. We inv...
Colistin neurotoxicity mimicking Guillain-Barré syndrome in a patient with cystic fibrosis: case report and review.

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy, which is characterized by areflexia and ascending paresthesia which can progress to a respiratory failure. Certain conditions, such as vasculitis and heavy metal and drug toxicity, may have misleadingly similar clinical presentation to GBS. We describe a case of a patient with cystic fibrosis and intravenous colistin-induced neurotoxicity mimicking GBS. The patient had used inhaled colistin on five occasions with no adverse effects, however, developed symptoms on the second day of intravenous treatment. Overlapping findings between immune-mediated polyneuropathy and drug-induced neurotoxicity include limb paresthesia and decreased reflexes. Perioral tingling, however, is a common presentation of colistin-induced neurotoxicity, and therefore, is an important differentiating factor. Early diagnosis prevents further neurologic decline, extensive unnecessary workup and potentially harmful incorrect management.
Inhibitory Control and Mathematics Learning: Definitional and Operational Considerations.

The topic of inhibition in mathematics education is both well timed and important. In this commentary, we reflect on the role of inhibition in mathematics learning through four themes that relate to how inhibition is defined, measured, developed, and applied. First, we consider different characterizations of inhibition and how they may shape the ways that inhibition is conceptualized and studied in mathematics contexts. Second, we discuss methods that researchers use to study inhibition and how differences across these methods may constrain researchers’ conclusions or what these differences may imply for students’ use of inhibition when solving authentic mathematics problems. Third, we consider the relationship between intuition and mathematics content knowledge, including how this relationship may vary for students with different levels of knowledge. We end with a discussion of inhibition’s practical educational relevance, in which we offer a set of questions that may inform future conversations or research in the field.
Name of the Game

Will's best friend at Korat Air Base is a guy named Gordon Rogoff. The other guys call him Rog sometimes?like rogue?but usually it's just Rogoff. Will isn't sure why he likes Rogoff. The guy couldn't be more different from himself. Rogoff has a college degree, for starters. Not only that, but he majored in classics, slogging through both Greek and Latin, before he chucked it and joined the Air Force. "Best move I ever made," he tells them, stopping to swig from his beer. Will, whose hooch is across from Rog's, knows the guy has a stack of Latin and Greek books on the table by his bed. They're paperbacks, but still. Not many guys drag books halfway around the world just to see them bloom with mildew in the Thai jungle. Rogoff is probably the only guy in the war who can recite dirty poetry in Latin and recount Hannibal's attempt on Rome. "Hannibal's problem was not unlike ours," he tells them. "He took stock of the enemy just fine. But he failed to factor in the god damned weather." Will arrived at Korat in July, 1967. In August, Washington declared Hanoi no longer off limits for bombing runs. Now they fly almost daily into the most heavily defended airspace in the world. Weather stops their bombing runs more often than anti-aircraft fire. But weather they're used to. What's new is flying through a sky so full of flak there isn't time to think. You dive in, drop your load, and head for the hills. "One pass, haul ass," Will's wing commander told him his first time into Hanoi. "That's the name of the game." On average they lose about one guy a week. When you step out over Hanoi, you take a deep breath and hope for the best. Nobody's coming in after you. There's a saying around the base for rescue operations in Route Pack Six. Ain't no way.
The Colima volcanic complex, Mexico:III

A 34 meter section of ash- and scoria-fall units has been studied on the upper NE flank of the active Volcan Colima. Charcoal and soil horizons are restricted to the topmost 12 m. Nine 14C dates show a smooth progression from 235 years near the surface to 8,300 years at 10 meters depth, indicating a post-Pleistocene accumulation rate of 1.3 m/1,000 years at 6 km from the vent. This figure allows an estimate of the magmatic eruption rate for fallmaterial of 0.31 km3/1,000 years, less than 15% of Colima's lava eruption rate. An unusually thick and coarse-grained scoria-fall horizon at about 4 m depth in the section appears to have been produced by the caldera-forming eruption of Colima some 4,300 years ago.
Evidence-based assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Measuring outcomes

This column focuses on the valid, reliable, and useful measurement of treatment effects in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated in practice settings. Recall that the composite case of Polly refers to an 11 year-old female who was evaluated and determined to have probably met diagnostic criteria for ADHD, combined type (Frazier and Youngstrom, 2006). This column considers how to evaluate her treatment.
Abstract T MP21: Administration Of Atorvastatin During Angiogenesis After Stroke Promotes Long-term Restoration Of BBB In Peri-infarct Regions Of Rat Brains

Our previous study shows that the newly formed vessels in peri-infarct regions of ischemic hemispheres have hyperperfusion and high blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability at 3 weeks after stroke. This is due to lack of tight junction proteins (TJP), occludin and ZO-1, in endothelial cells of the new vessels. We proposed that at this stage pro-angiogenic agents could be used to facilitate restoration of BBB to promote functional neurovascular remodeling in peri-infarct regions. In this study, we investigated the effects of atorvastatin, as a pro-angiogenic agent, on the brain recovery stage after stroke. Adult spontaneously hypertensive rats had a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with reperfusion. Atorvastatin, at a low dose of 3 mg/kg, was delivered daily starting at 14 days after MCAO for 7 days via gavage. Multimodal MRI and behavioral test were performed at different times up to 8 weeks after MCAO. Animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks for immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. Multimodal MRI showed that treatment with atorvastatin reduced core-infarct size and restored cerebral blood flow compared with vehicle treated brain. RotoRod tests demonstrated that atorvastatin improves long-term behavioral outcome of the stroke rats. At 8 weeks, treatment with atorvastatin markedly increased expression of occludin and ZO-1 in pericytes and endothelial cells of angiogenic vessels in peri-infarct areas. Importantly, ZO-1, which was found in pericytes surrounding the angiogenic vessels, was seen in the endothelial cell forming continuous-line-like structure in atorvastatin treated brain. Factors associated with angiogenesis, such as VEGF-A, TGF-β1, and Alk-1, were significantly increased in atorvastatin treated group. We also found that atorvastatin significantly increased expression of connexin 43, which forms gap junctions to transfer molecules between cells, in pericytes and astrocytes surrounding the new vessels. Our results indicate that treatment with low-dose atorvastatin during recovery can stabilize the newly formed vessels and facilitate full development of BBB. Pericytes and astrocytes play a key role in determination of functional BBB restoration.