cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complicity and Compromise

This chapter delves into the political realm where hypocrisy is most likely to be detected and publicly condemned. At stake are policy choices and coalition building that require the art of persuasion. Whether the deliberations are domestic or international, their purpose is to yield political results that at times require compromises. Different kinds of compromise warrant different moral judgments. Hypocritical conduct in this context may be understood on a spectrum of possibilities, some acceptable and others contemptible. Political realities highlight not only different kinds of hypocrisy but underscore some of their positive implementations. When politicians appear hypocritical, they may be performing well and treating everyone much better than if they remained steadfast in their consistent adherence to principles. When citizens appear to conform to the social and cultural conventions and norms of their communities, they cannot help but fall into the alluring trap of civilized hypocrisy. Sociality may necessitate compromise, but it does not demand hypocrisy.
Minimizing Scars in Mastopexy

Women seeking improvement of breast ptosis will often accept less of a lift for a reduced scar pattern. Periareolar incisions are at higher risk of scar widening related to excessive tension or suture failure along the areolar edge. The subareolar mastopexy technique can offer a means to reduce tension through dermal plication and provide satisfactory results in the right patient.
SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections in Fully Vaccinated Individuals

Abstract Importance While COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective against disease, breakthrough infections may occur in the context of rising variants of concern. Objective We paired random and passive surveillance nucleic acid testing with analysis of viral whole genomic sequences to detect and describe breakthrough infections, focusing in a university community. Design Anterior nasal swabs were collected from individuals for a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for detection of SARS-CoV-2. A subset of NAAT positive samples was sequenced to determine variants associated with infections. Included in the testing and sequencing protocol were individuals that were fully vaccinated. Setting This study was performed as part of a surveillance program for SARS-CoV-2 on a university campus with 49,700 students and employees. Participants Surveillance testing was random and included approximately 10% of the population each week. Additionally, individuals self-identified with COVID-19 related symptoms or those that had close contact with SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals were also tested.
Organizational Misfits and the Origins of Brokerage in Intra-Firm Networks

We have ample empirical evidence of the effect of brokerage in intraorganizational social networks on career outcomes, but we know less about how network structure originates as a result of career processes. In this paper, I argue that brokerage results from two distinct mechanisms – links with former co-workers and with friends of friends accumulated as careers unfold. Furthermore, I hypothesize that “organizational misfits” – individuals who follow career trajectories that are atypical in their organization – will have access to more valuable brokerage opportunities than individuals whose careers followed more conventional paths. Career history is recorded longitudinally for 30,000 employees in a large information technology firm over six years and sequence-analyzed to measure individual-level fit with typical career paths in the organization. Network position is measured using a unique data set of over 250 million electronic mail messages. Empirical results support the hypotheses that diverse – and especially atypical – careers have a causal effect on brokerage through mechanisms rooted in social capital, even when accounting for endogeneity between networks and mobility.
HIV Transgenic Rats Demonstrate Impaired Sensorimotor Gating But Are Insensitive to Cannabinoid (Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol)-Induced Deficits.

BACKGROUND HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is commonly observed in persons living with HIV (PWH) and is characterized by cognitive deficits implicating disruptions of fronto-striatal neurocircuitry. Such circuitry is also susceptible to alteration by cannabis and other drugs of abuse. PWH use cannabis at much higher rates than the general population, thus prioritizing the characterization of any interactions between HIV and cannabinoids on cognitively relevant systems. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, the process by which the motor response to a startling stimulus is attenuated by perception of a preceding non-startling stimulus, is an operational assay of fronto-striatal circuit integrity that is translatable across species. PPI is reduced in PWH. The HIV transgenic (HIVtg) rat model of HIV infection mimics numerous aspects of HAND, although to date the PPI deficit observed in PWH has yet to be fully recreated in animals. METHODS PPI was measured in male and female HIVtg rats and wild-type controls following acute, nonconcurrent treatment with the primary constituents of cannabis: Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 1 and 3 mg/kg, s.c.) and cannabidiol (1, 10, and 30 mg/kg, i.p.). RESULTS HIVtg rats exhibited a significant PPI deficit relative to wild-type controls. THC reduced PPI in controls but not HIVtg rats. Cannabidiol exerted only minor, genotype-independent effects on PPI. CONCLUSIONS HIVtg rats exhibit a relative insensitivity to the deleterious effects of THC on the fronto-striatal function reflected by PPI, which may partially explain the higher rates of cannabis use among PWH.
Structure of the human lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor gene. Intro/exon gene organization and localization of the gene to chromosome 2.

Abstract Lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor (LACI) is a multivalent, Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor which appears to play an important role in the regulation of hemostasis. LACI directly inhibits factor Xa, and, in a Xa-dependent fashion, also inhibits the factor VIIa-tissue factor catalytic complex. Hybridization of a LACI cDNA probe to DNA isolated from a panel of human-mouse somatic cell hybrids containing different human chromosomes localized the human LACI gene to chromosome 2. In situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes further mapped the gene to the region 2q31----2q32.1. Exons of the human LACI gene were cloned from genomic or chromosome 2-specific phage libraries and sequenced, including approximately 500 base pairs of 5' upstream DNA. The 5' DNA did not contain a prototypical TATAA box or CCAAT sequence, and attempts to identify a unique site for the initiation of transcription were unsuccessful in that primer extension and S1 nuclease protection analysis indicate multiple transcription initiation sites for LACI messages. Comparing the gene sequence with LACI cDNA sequences indicates that the gene contains nine exons and that alternative splicing can occur, resulting in the absence of exon 2 in the 5' untranslated region of some messages. The three Kunitz domains in LACI are encoded on separate exons. Introns which interrupt coding sequences all occur in the same codon phase interrupting the first and second bases of the codon triplets. The data are consistent with LACI evolving by a combination of gene segment duplications and exon shuffling.
The prevalence of albuminuria in dogs and cats in an ICU or recovering from anesthesia

Objective – To evaluate the prevalence of albuminuria in dogs and cats admitted to the ICU or recovering from an anesthetic event. Design – Prospective clinical study over a 10-week period in 2003. Setting – Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – One hundred and five dogs and 22 cats. Interventions – Urine was collected from dogs and cats admitted to the ICU or recovering from an anesthetic event. When possible, a second urine sample was collected approximately 48 hours later from those animals that had albuminuria during the initial screening. Measurements and Main Results – All dog samples and most cat samples were screened for albumin using a commercial point-of-care immunoassay. Aliquots of samples that tested positive were stored at –20°C until subsequent albumin quantification via antigen capture ELISA. Albuminuria was detected in 63 of 105 (60.0%) dogs and in 14 of 22 (63.6%) cats; the prevalence was higher in animals admitted to ICU than in those recovering from anesthesia. In subsequent samples from 26 dogs, urine albumin decreased in 20 (76.9%) when compared with the first sample; urine albumin was undetectable in 5 (19.2%). In subsequent samples from 6 cats, 4 (66.7%) had decreases in urine albumin when compared with the first sample; 1 (16.7%) was negative for urine albumin. Eleven of 12 dogs (91.7%) and 3 of 4 cats (75%) that died within 3 days of admission to the ICU had abnormal urine albumin; whereas 52 of 93 (55.9%) and 11 of 18 (61.1%) dogs and cats, respectively, who survived more than 3 days had abnormal urine albumin. Dogs with albuminuria were at increased risk of death. Conclusions – The prevalence of albuminuria in animals admitted to the ICU or recovering from anesthesia is higher than reported previously and transient in some patients. The presence of albuminuria may be a negative prognostic indicator in this population.
Toward an International Implementation of Public Policies in Human Rights: A Necessary Step in Every Democratization Process for Advancements in Economic and Social Rights

The study and implementation of public policy has been one of the fastest developing fields in the sphere of social sciences. It has been expanded to include an ample range of approaches and academic fields. Likewise, it has been shown as more internationalized and comparative due to the circulation of policies among nations and the importance given to international regimes and organizations concerned with national policies. This article examines the need for an international implementation of a public policy on human rights combining three innovative fields to consider in every democratization process: first, a component on public and global governance; second, a constitutionalist element within international law; and finally, the duty to progressively realize economic and social rights according to the maximum available resources. These can and should be considered within the perspective and analysis of their impact on all democratization processes, which is the objective of this article. Related Articles in this Politics & Policy Special Issue: Luckhurst and Zavala de Alba. 2012. “Introduction to the Special Issue: Governance, Democratization, and the World Economic Crisis.” Politics & Policy 40 (5): 735-739. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00388.x/abstract Lagunes. 2012. “Corruption's Challenge to Democracy: A Review of the Issues.” Politics & Policy 40 (5): 802-826. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00384.x/abstract Sarquis. 2012. “Democratization after the Arab Spring: The Case of Egypt's Political Transition.” Politics & Policy 40 (5): 871-903. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00381.x/abstract El estudio y la implementacion de las politicas publicas ha sido una de las areas con el desarrollo mas rapido en el campo de las ciencias sociales. Esta ha sido mostrada como un area mas internacionalista y comparativa gracias a la circulacion de politicas entre naciones, y a la importancia dada a los regimenes y organizaciones internacionales enfocados en las politicas nacionales. Este articulo examina la necesidad de una implementacion internacional de una politica publica en derechos humanos combinando tres areas innovadoras a considerar en cualquier proceso de democratizacion. Primero, un componente de gobernanza publica y global; segundo, un elemento constitucionalista dentro del derecho internacional, y por ultimo el deber de avanzar progresivamente derechos sociales y economicos de acuerdo a la maxima disponibilidad de recursos. Estas pueden y deben ser consideradas dentro de la perspectiva y el analisis de su impacto de todos los procesos de democratizacion.
Technology and alienation in industrialized nations

El autor describe el impacto que la innovacion tecnologica ejerce, sobre la poblacion en los Estados Unidos y sus manifestaciones que inducen a la alineacion entre la gente que vive en la abundancia. Tambien senala como la tecnologia va definiendo y construyendo la condicion humana y la adaptacion consecuente al mismo.
The utility of serum progesterone and inhibin A for monitoring natural-cycle IVF-ET.

Purpose:Our purpose was to assess the value of monitoring serum P and inhibin A to determine how values might improve the clinical monitoring of natural cycle in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET) patients. Methods:All patients (n = 26) who underwent natural-cycle IVF-ET (n = 35) were analyzed. Groups were evaluated according to patients who had a spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge (group I) and women receiving human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) who underwent subsequent oocyte aspiration (group II). Group II was further evaluated according to women who did (n = 10) and did not (n = 7) have an ET. All cycles were evaluated with serial transvaginal ultrasonography and serum estradiol, progesterone, and inhibin A. When follicle maturity was achieved, hCG, 10,000 IU, was administered intramuscularly if a LH surge was not detected. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration was performed 34–36 hr after hCG administration followed by a 48-hr transcervical ET. Results:No differences were seen in cycles the day prior to (d-1) and the day of a spontaneous LH surge, (n = 18) or hCG (d-0)(n = 17) in group I or group II with respect to lead follicular diameter (d-1,15.3 ± 0.6 vs. 14.2 ± 0.9 mm; d-0, 17.4 ± 0.8 vs. 17.8 ± 0.6 mm) and serum estradiol (d-l, 148 ± 15 vs. 150 ± 15 pg/ml; d-0, 218 ± 15 vs. 199 ± 16 pg/ml), respectively. However, serum progesterone was significantly elevated in group I compared with group II on d-l (0.82 ± 0.6 vs. 0.48 ± 0.04 ng/ml; P < 0.05) and d-0 (1.1 ± 0.12 vs. 0.63 ± 0.08 ng/ml; P < 0.05). Inhibin A was significantly greater on d-l in group I (24 ± 2.5 vs. 15 ± 2.2 pg/ml; P < 0.05). In group II, cycles that resulted in an ET (n = 10) compared with group II cycles that did not (n = 7) revealed a significant difference in serum progesterone (0.51 ± 0.05 vs. 0.7 ± 0.07 ng/ml; P < 0.05) and inhibin A (15 ± 2.5 vs. 37.3±5 pg/ml; P < 0.05) the day of hCG. Conclusions:The possible application of serum progesterone and inhibin A in managing natural-cycle IVF-ET is suggested. These assays may predict women who should be set up for egg retrieval, while canceling others in spite of the absence of an LH surge.
Cost effectiveness of training rural providers to perform joint injections.

Objective Community-based outpatient clinics (CBOCs) have been established by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to provide primary care services to veterans living in remote and rural regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of training rural primary care providers to perform knee injections in CBOCs, thereby avoiding referring the patient to an urban medical center for an injection by rheumatology or orthopedic specialists. Methods We developed a decision-analysis model to compare costs and outcomes between rural providers who are trained to perform knee injections versus those who are not trained, therefore requiring a referral to a specialist to provide the injections. The model was run separately using costs from the perspective of the VA as well from the patient's perspective. The effectiveness outcome was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed using 10,000 second-order Monte Carlo simulations. Results In our base-case analyses, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for trained rural providers was $21,190/QALY using costs from the perspective of the VA and $205/QALY using costs from the patient's perspective. Training rural providers was cost effective in 74.4% and 93.6% of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000/QALY from the perspectives of the VA and the patient, respectively. Conclusion Training rural providers to perform knee injections for patients with knee pain secondary to osteoarthritis appears cost effective using the commonly used threshold of $50,000/QALY if more than 20 such patients per year are seen at rural primary care clinics. These results provide support for our ongoing efforts to implement such a training program.
Shakespeare's Troy: “How came that widow in?”: allusion, politics, and the theater in The Tempest

Knowing I loved my books, he furnished me From mine own library with volumes that I prize above my dukedom. (1.2.166–8) Shakespeare secured considerable legitimacy for the theater by the time he approached retirement, and one measure of his success is the number of his plays – at least six – included in the court performances to celebrate the wedding of the Princess Elizabeth to the Elector Palatine in 1612. One of The Tempest 's compelling questions is whether cultural legitimacy may coexist with autonomy or whether Shakespeare's immersion in the courtly system of patronage means that he, chief playwright of the King's Men, must treat his theater as an instrument of royal authority. The last of Shakespeare's translations of empire, The Tempest reflects on the collusion of theater with the courtly representation that it brashly interrogated in earlier forays. If the play is conceived as a humanistic institutio principi or, more panegyrically, a compliment to King James – and Prospero's paternal authority, love of playing Cupid, disguises, magic, and masque all bear lightly on the figure and pastimes of James I – then the play emerges as a royal address to which other audiences are imagined as second affirmers of royal prerogative. There is no evidence that Shakespeare expressly ingratiates himself to James I in the epilogue, although the final scene has been imagined in just this way, and good reason to suppose that he is well aware of potential tensions among his audiences in the court and the Globe or Blackfriars. When Prospero looks out at a popular audience and asks for approval, he relinquishes a dream of immediate access to the highest levels of cultural influence.
Towards an Ecological Urbanism for Istanbul

Istanbul is one of the largest metropolitan areas of the world, a megacity with a population of about 12.5 million and a total area of approximately 5,000 km2. On the north–south axis, the metropolitan region stretches along the Bosphorus, a 30-km long stretch of water, which acts as a natural frontier between the European and the Asian continents. On its east–west axis, the city has expanded to 100 km in width (Fig. 10-1).
TH‐CD‐303‐06: Deformable Registration‐Based Image Estimation Method for 4D CBCT Using Region‐Based PCA

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using region-based principal component analysis (PCA) for motion modeling to estimate on-board 4D-CBCT using prior information and limited angle projections for potential 4D target verification of lung radiotherapy. Methods: A technique for lung 4D-CBCT reconstruction has been previously developed using a deformation field map (DFM)-based strategy. In this method, each phase of the 4D-CBCT is generated by deforming a prior CT volume. The DFM is solved by a motion modeling based on global PCA and free-form deformation (MM-FD) technique, using data fidelity constraint and the deformation energy minimization. For this study, a new region-based PCA method was developed to optimize the motion-modeling part of the MM-FD technique in order to estimate target delineation more accurately using fewer on-board projection angles. First, the DFMs are estimated using the region-based PCA divides the motion model extracted from planning 4D-CT into two regions: tumor and everything else. The motion model parameters of both regions are optimized together based on data fidelity constraint with relative weighting added to the tumor PCA model. The 4D digital extended cardiac-torso phantom was used to evaluate the region-based PCA MM-FD technique. A lung patient with a 30 mm diameter lesion was simulated with various anatomical and respirational changes from planning 4D CT to onboard volume. The reconstruction accuracy was evaluated by the Volume-Percent-Difference(VPD)/Center-of-Mass-Shift(COMS) between lesions in the estimated and “ground-truth” on board 4D CBCT. Results: For patient scenarios with various shifts of tumor from planning CT to on-board acquisition with 15 degree orthogonal projections, the average VPD/COMS for the MM-FD technique was 5.04%/0.26 mm and 23.23%/2.4mm for region-based and global PCA MM-FD, respectively. Conclusion: The region-based PCA MM-FD technique can potentially further reduces the scan angle needed for onboard 4D CBCT reconstruction for ultra-fast 4D verification. National Institutes of Health Grant No. R01-CA184173 Varian Medical System
A Controlled High-Fat Diet Induces an Obese Syndrome in Rats

The prevalence of obesity is increasing. Although the etiology of obesity is complex, dietary factors, particularly the consumption of a high-fat (HF) diet, is considered a risk factor for its development. Nonetheless, a causal role of dietary fat has never been definitively documented, in part because of inadequate animal models. We developed a rat model of diet-induced obesity that will be a powerful tool for assessment of this issue. In four experiments, Long-Evans rats ate ad libitum a synthetic semipurified diet containing 20 g (HF) or 4 g [low-fat (LF)] of fat/100 g of diet or a nonpurified diet. Other rats ate ad libitum the HF diet in amounts matched to the energy intake of the LF rats. When compared over 10 wk of free feeding, HF rats weighed 10% more (P < 0.01) than LF rats and had 50% more body fat (P < 0.01), as well as significant hyperleptinemia and insulin resistance. Compared with rats fed the nonpurified diet, the HF rats had even more marked differences in these variables. The rats fed the HF diet to match the rats fed the LF diet had similar body weights but significantly more adipose tissue than LF rats, suggesting that diet composition and/or energy density of the diet affects fat deposition. This dietary regimen has reproducible effects on body size and composition, and these are similar in male and female rats. This model of diet-induced obesity will be a useful tool for studying the mechanisms by which dietary fat influences the regulation of energy balance.
Quality of life before and after cosmetic surgery

This article reviews the literature regarding the impact of cosmetic surgery on health-related quality of life (QOL). Studies were identified through PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO searches from January 1960 to December 2011. Twenty-eight studies were included in this review, according to specific selection criteria.The procedures and tools employed in cosmetic surgery research studies were remarkably diverse, thus yielding difficulties with data analysis. However, data indicate that individuals undergoing cosmetic surgery began with lower values on aspects of QOL than control subjects, and experienced significant QOL improvement post-procedurally, an effect that appeared to plateau with time.Despite the complexity of measuring QOL in cosmetic surgery patients, most studies showed an improvement in QOL after cosmetic surgery procedures. However, this finding was clouded by measurement precision as well as heterogeneity of procedures and study populations. Future research needs to focus on refining measurement techniques, including developing cosmetic surgery–specific QOL measures.
Storms and flow reversals at the HEBBLE site

Abstract We examine a 20 month-long abyssal current meter record obtained from the HEBBLE site (about 40°27′N, 62°22′W). As expected the westward-flowing abyssal western boundary current described by Richardson et al. (1981) and Weatherly and Kelley (1982) generally passes over this site. We call this current the Cold Filament Current (CFC) and conclude that it is appreciably stronger than suggested by Weatherly and Kelley (1984) (∼ 15 cm s −1 as compared to ∼ 10 cm s −1 ). After comparing the abyssal current record with charts showing the surface location of the Gulf Stream and rings, we conclude that the majority of abyssal storms at the HEBBLE site are due to the presence of the CFC passing by and the absence of a meander or ring overhead. The presence of a ring or meander overhead apparently results in the CFC being displaced out of the HEBBLE site (as suggested by Kelley, 1984); at such times the near-bottom flow appears to respond to the barotropic component of the overlying ring or meander.
The association of markers of inflammation with weight change in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study

The association of markers of inflammation with weight change in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study
Evolution of cultured leukemic cell lines monitored by chromosomal and immunologic analysis

We have investigated the karyotypes and markers of B lymphocyte differentiation in two leukemic cell lines, NALM-6-B and NALM-6-MI, both derived from a patient with non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Both possess characteristics of thymus-independent, bursal-equivalent (B) lymphocytes. By means of immuno-fluorescence techniques, NALM-6-B was shown to possess 47% surface membrane immunoglobulin-positive (Slg+) cells, while NALM-6-MI is surface membrane immunoglobulin-negative (Slg-), but does possess cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M (ClgM+) in more than 90% of the cells. The Slg- ClgM+ phenotype, coupled with morphologic features, is consistent with NALM-6-MI being arrested at a stage early in B-lymphocyte differentiation (a "pre-B" cell). The predominant banded chromosome karyotype of NALM-6-B is pseudodiploid with a translocation of chromosomal material from the long arm of a chromosome 5 to the short arm of a chromosome 12 (5q-/12p+) and a marker Y chromosome. NALM-6-MI possesses the same marker Y chromosome and a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5(5q-) since in most cells material missing from chromosome 5 does not appear on the short arm of chromosome 12. Within the limits of resolution available with the banding technique, no other karyotypic differences are observed in the two cell lines. The history of the two cell lines, the karyotypic analysis, and the pattern of immunoglobulin markers indicate the possible clonal evolution of NALM-6-MI from NALM-6-B and implicate a portion of the long arm of chromosome 5 in lymphoid differentiation of these leukemic cell lines.
Statistical features of EEG responses to color stimuli

The statistical features of individualized EEG signatures are examined as tools for potential color classification using EEG responses to color stimuli. Statistical features from some of the EEG channels are better suited for discerning color (of limited library). This study sheds some light on the suitability of EEG responses to color stimuli for color classification.
The external structure: Experience with an automated module interconnection language

To study the problems of modifiable software, the Software Technology project has investigated approaches and methodologies that could improve modifiability. To test our approaches tools based on data abstraction-a design and programming language and a module interconnection language-were built and used. The incorporation of the module interconnection language into design altered the traditional model of system building. Introducing novices to our approach led to the formalization of new models of program design, development, and evaluation.
Thermal degradation analysis of thermoset resins

Dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and dielectric analysis (DEA) were conducted for three thermoset resin systems: bismaleimide, epoxy, and vinyl ester. The resin samples were subjected to various degrees of thermal exposure (400, 270, and 330°C for 5–150 min). Dielectric constants were measured along with the thermomechanical properties. The glass-transition temperature, modulus, and weight loss were important parameters for correlating the material property changes with the heat exposure. A linear relation was determined between the thermomechanical properties and the dielectric properties of the resins under the selected exposure conditions. Therefore, DEA can be introduced as a significant technique for evaluating thermally exposed polymer materials. Interestingly, it is a nondestructive evaluation process. In the future, it could be used for onsite health monitoring of thermally exposed polymer matrix composite structures. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Solving NP-Hard Problems on Graphs That Are Almost Trees and an Application to Facility Location Problems

Description d'une technique generale pour resoudre certains problemes de graphes NP-durs en un temps qui est exponentiel dans un parametre k defini comme le maximum, sur tous les composants C non separables du graphe, d'un nombre de bords qui peut etre ajoute a l'arbre pour produire C; on donne un algorithme de temps de complexite O(|E|•(6r) rh/27 )
Adolescents and Destructive Themes in Rock Music: A Follow-Up

We report findings of a follow-up on rock music preferences and of views of themes advocating homicide, suicide, and satanic practices (HSSR). A total of 120 adolescent offenders (ages 13–18 years), in two youth detention centers, were administered a questionnaire of Likert-type, categorical, and open-ended questions. Ninety-one students were fans of rock music. Of those, approximately 54 percent were HSSR fans. HSSR fans were more likely to be white and school dropouts, to spend more time listening to music, to think it is harmless for young children to listen to HSSR music, and to assume that HSSR lyrics do not lead to destructive acts. Contrary to previous findings, gender and parents' marital status did not predict whether a juvenile offender was an HSSR fan: both males and females, from intact and broken homes, were fans. Findings suggest a strong relationship between a preference for rock music with destructive themes and antisocial or destructive behavior.
Galactosemia with hepatic damage

Summary The four previously described cases of galactosemia with hepatic damage are briefly reviewed. A fifth case is presented with studies of liver and kidney function before and after therapy. A new hypothesis is suggested to explain the liver damage: The inability of the body to metabolize galactose causes the latter, or its polymer, to be stored in the liver and results in hepatic dysfunction. The process is reversed when galactose is eliminated from the diet. The proteinuria may be due to a similar process in the kidney or to the production of an abnormal plasma protein.
Does a “Divisive” Primary Harm a Candidate's Election Chances?

It is a rare election year when the nation's attention is not focused on at least one party primary where the struggle for the nomination is highly competitive and the result a matter of doubt until the last precincts are reported. In many such cases the other party has settled on its own standard-bearer and thus sits back contentedly while the opposition wages its internecine battle before a rapt public. In recent years as varied personages as Estes Kefauver, Richard Nixon, and Charles Percy found themselves engaged in a hard-fought primary campaign to secure their nomination or renomination for state office. Nixon's subsequent defeat in the 1962 race for the California governorship, and in a lesser degree Percy's 1964 experience in Illinois, served to illustrate the conventional view that the party whose candidate is obliged to fight a hard primary campaign has an important strike against it upon entering the general election. Common sense, if nothing else, suggests that the very existence of such a primary produces or symbolizes fissures among a party's supporters. The supposition also arises that those who backed the primary loser in the Spring may be less than enthusiastic about aiding his vanquisher in the Fall. And there is reason to believe that voters who are committed to neither party may wonder whether the party that needed to go to the polls to resolve its own leadership problems is fit to hold public office. The validity of these common sense assumptions can be tested by juxtaposing the experience of candidates in their primary and general elections. The period to be considered here runs from 1956 through to 1964, and the offices contested are those of governor and senator.' Not all of the 50 states are sufficiently competitive to warrant inclusion in this analysis. If a single party dominates the election for state offices then the occurrence of a divisive
A Scalable Approach to Prevent Teratoma Formation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

As the renewable source of all cell types in the body, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great promise for human cell therapy. However, one major bottleneck that hinders the clinic application of hESCs is that hESCs remaining with their differentiated derivatives pose cancer risk by forming teratomas after transplantation. NANOG is a critical pluripotency factor specifically expressed in hESCs but rarely in their differentiated derivatives. By introducing a hyperactive variant of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene into the 3′-untranslated region of the endogenous NANOG gene of hESCs through homologous recombination, we developed a safe and highly scalable approach to efficiently eliminate the teratoma risk associated with hESCs without apparent negative impact on their differentiated cell types. As thymidine kinase is widely used in human gene therapy trials and is the therapeutic target of U. S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs, our strategy could be effectively applied to the clinic development of hESC-based human cell therapy.
Self‐administration of drugs in animals and humans as a model and an investigative tool

Aim To review briefly the methods, assumptions, models, accomplishments, drawbacks and future directions of research using drug self-administration in animals and humans. Background The use of drug self-administration to study addiction is based on the assumption that drugs reinforce the behavior that results in their delivery. A wide range of drug self-administration techniques have been developed to model specific aspects of addiction. These techniques are highly amenable to being combined with a wide variety of neuroscience techniques. Conclusions The identification of drug use as behavior that is reinforced by drugs has contributed greatly to the understanding and treatment of addiction. As part of a program of pre-clinical research that also involves screening with a variety of simpler behavioral techniques, drug self-administration procedures can provide an important last step in testing potential treatments for addiction. There is currently a concerted effort to develop self-administration procedures that model the extreme nature of the behavior engendered by addiction. As advances continue to be made in neuroscience techniques, self-administration should continue to provide a means of applying these techniques within a sophisticated and valid model of human drug addiction.
29Si and 27Al MASS-NMR studies of Li2S + Al2S3 + SiS2 glasses

Abstract The first investigation of the preparation, characterization, and local structure of Li 2 S + Al 2 S 3 + SiS 2 glasses is reported. Glass-forming range, T g , infrared spectra and 27 Al and 29 Si MASS-NMR have been measured. The glass-forming range, although more extensive than that of the Li 2 S + SiS 2 binary, is still quite restricted and limited to compositions containing at least 40 mol% SiS 2 and at most 60 mol%. The glass transition temperature shows a monotonic increase with substitution of Al 2 S 3 for SiS 2 and Al 2 S 3 for Li 2 S. Highest T g s are measured for glasses with maximum mol% Al 2 S 3 . This observation is used to suggest that Al 2 S 3 is reducing the number of non-bridging sulfur ions in the glass. Like the 29 Si MASS-NMR of the binary Li 2 S + SiS 2 glasses, the spectra are insensitive to composition. This observation suggest that the extent of edge-sharing rather than non-bridging sulfurs is the dominant effect on chemical shift. The 29 Si MASS-NMR experiments show that adding aluminum to Li 2 S + SiS 2 glasses decreases edge-sharing SiS 4 tetrahedra. 27 Al MASS-NMR experiments show that aluminum goes into tetrahedral coordination in these glasses, and DSC measurements confirm this coordination.
Discrimination of first- and second-order regular intervals from random intervals as a function of high-pass filter cutoff frequency

This study extends the work of Kaernbach and Demany [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104, 2998–2306 (1998)] in which regular interval stimuli (RIS) click trains with first-order intervals could be discriminated from random-interval click trains, but RIS with second-order intervals could not. Kaernbach and Demany concluded that their results cast doubt on autocorrelation as a method of analysis for such stimuli. The present study investigated the same stimuli, but for a variety of filter conditions. The results suggest that while RIS click trains with first-order intervals are more easily discriminated from random-interval stimuli than second-order interval RIS click trains, discrimination based on second-order intervals is possible except when the stimuli are high-pass filtered above 8 kHz, i.e., above the spectral region of phase locking.
New Applications of Photolabile Nitrobenzyl Groups in Polymers

This article describes progress in the author's laboratory in two new areas of photoresponsive polymers: (1) photochemical control of electrostatics, and (2) conjugated materials with photocleavable pendants. In both cases, incorporation of o-nitrobenzyl esters (NBEs) imparts this photoreactivity. NBE-derivatized, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP)-derived polycations form positive photoresist layer-by-layer (LbL) films that dissolve in base upon irradiation. NBE-derivatized conjugated oligomers show photoactivated fluorescence, whereas NBE-substituted polythiophenes are negative photoresists due to photolysis of solubilizing alkyl chains.
Prostaglandin E2 as a Modulator of Macrophage-T Lymphocyte Interactions

Sufficient data exist to implicate the monocyte-macrophage as the major source of prostaglandins in monocyte-macrophage-T lymphocyte interactions. Prostaglandin (PG) E2, a major prostaglandin synthesized by human monocyte-macrophages is able to modulate a variety of T lymphocyte reactivities including blastogenesis, lymphokine secretion, and cytotoxicity. The effect of PGE2 on T lymphocyte function varies according to the primary activating stimulus, the specific response under investigation, as well as the population of T lymphocytes involved. Some immunologic abnormalities found in clinical disease may in part derive from alterations occurring in the synthesis of PGE2 by monocyte-macrophages or in the response of T lymphocytes to PGE2.
A wavelength discrimination function for the hummingbirdArchilochus alexandri

Free-flying black-chinned hummingbirds (Archilochus alexandri) at a site in southeastern Arizona were attracted to artificial feeders displaying narrow spectral bands of light (7 nm half band width). The birds were taught to discriminate between pairs of wavelengths of approximately equal brightness but with a spectral separation of 10 nm. After training, performance of the birds was not significantly changed by alterations in the relative intensities of the two lights. Moreover, when the spectral composition of the test and training lights was made identical, the birds did not learn to make a discrimination on the basis of intensity differences of 0.5 or 1 log unit. In the learned foraging behavior of these hummingbirds, the salience of brightness is therefore inconsequential relative to hue. Discrimination scores for a constant 10 nm separation of test and training wavelengths were determined between 410 and 650 nm. This measure of the spectral dependence of wavelength discrimination shows a deterioration of performance at the red end of the spectrum but not in the blue and violet. Moreover, the minima at 585 and 555 nm indicate more structure than is present in this region of the spectrum in the human hue discrimination curve, and are similar but not identical to data on pigeon. These results are consistent with a growing body of evidence suggesting that the color space of birds may be more than three dimensional.
Convergent debonding of films and fibers

Abstract Debonding of films attached to substrates as well as fibers embedded in matrices typically involves initiation, steady-state propagation and a final transient as the debond converges on an edge or another debond. The emphasis in this paper is on the mechanics of the transient. Under most circumstances, a converging debond crack is characterized by an energy release rate that approaches zero, causing the crack to arrest without attaining full debonding. The relevance of this phenomenon will be discussed with reference to the measurement of toughness for thin film interfaces and the overall stress-strain behavior of ceramic matrix composites.
The syntheiss of high yields of full-length reverse transcripts of globin mRNA

Conditions have been determined under which reverse transcriptase catalyzes the synthesis of the high yields of full length complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA). These conditions depend not only on the cencentration of deoxynucleoside triphosphates (1) but also on the concentration of reverse transcriptase. An analysis of the kinetics of cDNA synthesis and the size of cDNA synthesized as a function of time under different conditions indicates that the mechanism of action of reverse transcriptase is partially distributive. This accounts for the necessity of a high enzyme concentration to obtain high yields of full length cDNA. Additional experiments indicate that the yield of cDNA is limited by the fact that the template mRNA is rapidly inactivated. This is most likely due to the fact that the product cDNA is hydrogen bonded to the template mRNA during synthesis.
Developing a modified directly observed therapy intervention for hepatitis C treatment in a methadone maintenance program: implications for program replication.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a prevalent chronic blood-borne infection among opioid-dependent patients on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Despite case reports and case–control studies, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining HCV treatment adherence in methadone-maintained patients is lacking and was the impetus for this ongoing RCT examining modified directly administered therapy for HCV treatment integrated within a MMT. Methods: Subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive HCV treatment as modified directly observed therapy (mDOT) into the MMT program or at a liver specialty clinic as self-administered therapy (SAT). Randomization was stratified based on HIV status and HCV genotype. Results: Twenty-one subjects to date have enrolled in this pilot study. The mDOT subjects have had greater success in starting treatment and 10 of the 12 mDOT subjects achieved early virologic response (EVR) at week 12 and 6 of those 10 achieved sustained virologic response (SVR). Of the nine SAT subjects, ...
Ordered and unordered algorithms for parallel breadth first search

We describe and evaluate ordered and unordered algorithms for shared-memory parallel breadth-first search. The unordered algorithm is based on viewing breadth-first search as a fixpoint computation, and in general, it may perform more work than the ordered algorithms while requiring less global synchronization.
Design of optical switches as metabolic indicators: new fluorogenic probes for monoamine oxidases (MAO A and B).

This study describes the design of sensitive, selective, and fluorogenic reporter substrates for monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes. This was achieved by an iterative effort, guided by PET and TICT photophysical concepts, which led to the development of irreversible redox switches based on a facile oxidation−cyclization reporting mechanism. Specifically, enzymatic oxidation of the ethylamino group in probe 9 proceeded via a putative aldehyde intermediate, which subsequently underwent spontaneous and intramolecular condensation with the aniline amino group furnishing an indole product in an irreversible fashion. This overall change resulted in a significant change in the emission intensity. When expressed in terms of brightness, the origins of this emission switch may be rationalized by the changes in quantum yield and absorbance strength. The fluorescence readout directly correlated with the kinetics of the oxidative step (i.e., reporting mechanism was fast, the intermediate aldehyde was not detected). Probe...
Sickle Cell Disease Status and Outcomes of African-American Men Presenting with Priapism

ABSTRACT Introduction Priapism is associated with sickle cell disease (SSD); however, few men receive education about this condition, which contributes to attenuated return of functional erections. Aim To define the demographics, SSD status, and treatment outcomes of African-American men presenting with priapism. Main Outcome Measures Demographics, medical history, self-report of sickle cell status, and outcome assessment using International Inventory of Erectile Function (IIEF) of men with priapism were retrospectively reviewed. Methods A review of 39 cases of venocclusive priapism in African-American men was conducted. Charts were reviewed for demographics, medical history including SSD status by patient self-report, serum hemoglobin electrophoresis results, and priapism treatment and outcome. Results Mean duration of presenting priapism episode was 22 ± 12 hours (6–70 hours). Eight percent of men had priapism for 36 hours. All patients with priapism events of >12 hours complained of reduction in erectile rigidity. No patients with priapism >36 hours duration had return of spontaneous functional erections, but 44% (24–36 hours), 78% (12–24 hours) and 100% ( Conclusions The association of SSD and venocclusive priapism is well known in the medical community, yet few patients ever receive education regarding the emergency nature of the condition. The majority of men presents in a delayed fashion, and a significant proportion requires shunt surgery leading to long-term erectile dysfunction. Of those who denied having SSD, two-thirds had SSD by hemoglobin electrophoresis. Bennett N, and Mulhall J. Sickle cell disease status and outcomes of African-American men presenting with priapism.
An efficient algorithm for analysis of piecewise-linear resistive circuits: Driving-point and transfer characteristic plots

A new efficient algorithm is presented for finding all driving-point characteristic (DP) and transfer characteristic (TC) plots for a broad class of piecewise-linear (PWL) resistive circuits without the need for initial points for each solution branch. the piecewise-linear circuits to be considered need not be continuous nor need their linear regions be divided by grid-like hyperplanes. the computation of the new algorithm is based on zone-by-zone instead of the conventional region-by-region. Since each zone includes several regions and only one matrix inversion is needed for each zone, a significant reduction of computation can be achieved. Furthermore, the computational complexity for finding all solution branches, i.e. finding the DC operating points over the entire range of input values u, is no more than for finding all DC operating points over a single value u as far as the number of matrices needed to be inverted is concerned.